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LIBRARY OK eONGRESS

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BUENA VISTA'S PART
IN THE WORLD WAR

ONE IOWA COUNTY'S RECORD OF
SERVICE AND SACRIFICE

PUBLISHED BY TOM D. EILERS

STORM LAKE, IOWA

1920

©CU597298
SEP -7 1520

THE TORCH PRESS

CEDAR RAPIDS

IOWA

TO THE MEMORY

OF THE

"GOLD STARS" OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Those who in the Struggle for Civilization made the

Supreme Sacrifice

Whether in Field or Camp

This Volume is Dedicated by the

Editor and Publisher

PUBLISHER'S ACKNO\\XEDGEMENT

IX presenting this volume tor the approval of the citizens of Buena
Vista County and in compliance with the promises of the long months
in which it has heen in course of preparation, the publisher wishes
to make gratefitl acknowledgement of the services and assistance of
those who have contributed to whatever degree of excellence it has
attained.

First of all, the sul)iect matter could not ha\-e lieen made without the
sacrifices and the glorious accomplishments of our fifteen hundred
men who gladly enlisted for the great task of humbling the Hun.

The pttblisher provided the organization for assembling, editing,
and publishing the facts of the events that transpired incident to this
county's participation in the world conflict.

Jos. E. Morcombe, a student of national afl:'airs, has. from his wide
range of information, heen able to contribtite interestingly to the
volume. Much information has been available through The Stars and
Stripes, the overseas publication. Scott H. AlcClure gave further
assistance in the editorial work of the history.

Acknowledgement must be made to the men of the varied training
activities and participants in the fray of battle who, in the (juiet hours
of reflection in post-war days, have recounted their experiences for
the information of interested friends at home and as side-lights on the
great events that have made this record a subject of vital interest;
to the men who have coojjerated in i)roviding details of service records,
thus assisting to make the volume authoritative; to the Mother's Club,
whose members ha\-e cooperated whole-heartedly in the assembling of
information to make the record complete; to the man\- citizens of the
county, workers in the varied activities in support of war work, who
have contributed the stories of the Red Cross, the Libertv Loan Organ-
ization, the Y. M. C. A., the K. of C, etc.

Finally, to the purchasers whose financial support of the venture has
helped to meet the large expense incurred and who have made possible
the presentation to families of gold-star men this volume which is
dedicated as the tribute of the county to their sacrifices.

T. D. EiLRRS. Publisher

THE BOY WHO WILL NEVER RETURN^

There is mourning in cottage and mansion,
There is sighing and moaning and tears,

And hearts that are breaking with sorrow
f Tliat will never pass on with the years.

Yet hoping is mingled with weeping.
And the candles of faith brightly burn

In the homes where the mothers are praying
For the boy who will never return.

His chair at the table is vacant.

His room, as he left it, is still,
And the pictures and pennants seem waiting

Like his father and mdther, until
Their laddie comes back up the roadway.

And, oh ! how their hearts for him yearn,
But, alas! in his grave he is sleeping —

He is one who will never return.

His clothing, sent back from the army,

Is tenderly laid on his bed.
Where his mother's fond fingers caress them

As she kneels down to pray for her dead.
God be good to those mothers and fathers

At the limit of agony's bourne ;
Give repose to the soul of their loved one,

The bov who will never return.

His service flag hangs in the window,

A gold star instead of the blue.
Mute sign of a soldier's devotion.

Which a fond mother's tears will bedew
As she folds it away in the Bible,

Whose promise again she will learn
That in heaven some day she will meet him —

Her boy — who will never return.

1 Written and published by John F. Dalton, editor Manson, Iowa, Dcmocval, December,
1918.

EDITORIAL FOREWORD

CAL or coniniunit} liistury is seldom considered at its true value.
The national or general record is given attention to exclusion of
the priniarv but less pretentious sources of information. Yet it
is from the latter, with their intimate details, that the truest knowledge
of a particular time or people is to be gathered. If one can understand
the sentiments and thoroughly comprehend the activities of a typical
communitv, during an}- important or critical period, he will be better
able to estimate the forces involved, and the motives that have impelled
or sustained national action. Thus it has seemed that the war activi-
ties of this essentiall}- rural county of northwestern Iowa is deserving
of record, as being truly representative of the life of the common-
wealth and of the nation during the late eventful years. Such a county
is more truly American in its life and in its ideals than are the con-
gested centers of population. In them the life is more complex, the
currents and cross-currents are confusing, and there are elements
alien and even hostile to real Americanism. To put down in perma-
nent form, with such acciu-acy and completeness as is possible, the
story of Buena \^ista's part in the great war, is therefore, a work that,
if fairly well done, will be of lasting benefit.

In preparation of the present volume there has been no intrusion of
the commercial idea. The dominant thought is that the record of
every man and woman, having- any part in war work, should be dili-
gently sought out, verified, and given place. The only honor is that of
efifort and accomplishment. Between those who have served there can
be no distinction. There has been no tax upon any for full inclusion
of what the}' ha\'e done ; no mone^' suflicient to buy space beyond what
is justified by the open record. The intention of the editor and the
publisher is that the volume shall comi)letelv co^'er the field; that no
phase of the diversified war work shall be neglected, and that for time
to corne the book shall be accepted as adequatelv presenting- the more
than creditable labors of the people of Buena \"ista County.

The compiler in this can lay no claim to authorship. The ability to
write in such a task is of less importance than the having patience to
seek out details, to overcome the indifl:'erence or the modesty of some,
and to insure a painstaking accuracv throughout the volume.

GOLD STARS

Honor Roll of Buena Vista County

GOLD STARS

ANDERSON, W. H.
Iilnn Grove

Born July 17. 1886. Enl. January. 1H18.
Pvt. Signal Corps. Aviation Section. Trained:
Jefferson Barrack.s. Died at Jefferson Bar-
racl<s. March 24. 1918. Buried at Havanah.
North Dalvota.

ANTONSEN, JOHN I,.
Maple Valley Township

Enl. May 13. IHIS. I'vt. Co. 1). I(l2d Inf.
26th Div. Trained: Jefferson Barracks; to
Waco, Texas; to Camp Merrit. Sailed August
18 from New York; landed Brest August 25.
^\'as with Co. K, 55th Inf. one week; to camp
in interior of France; transferred to 102nd
Regt.. 26th Div. August 31; September 4 to
front lines; hiked every night for a week to
reach front lines; at St Mihiel September 10;
into action at 8 a. m. September 12. To Ver-
dun October 22. Killed in action (October 24.

BENGSTON, GOTTFRIED

Albert City
Born September 8, 1891. Enl. February 25.
1918. Pvt. Co. E, 351st Inf. 88th Div. Trained
Camp Dodge. Died at Camp Dodge May 1.
1918. of pneumonia. Buried at Faii-field Town-
ship Cemetery. Albert City. Iowa.

BRAZEI., JOHN F.

Sioux Rapids

Born April 19. 1888. Enl. April 9. 1917. Fire-
man 2d cl., on U. S. S. Montana. Trained:
G. L. N. T. S.; on Montana patroling coast
of Atlantic. Promoted from fireman 3d cl. to
fireman 2d cl. Died on Hospital Ship at Nor-
folk, Va., July 21, 1918. Buried in Lone Tree
Cemetery, Sioux Rapids, Iowa.

BRIGHT, CIiATTDE I.EANDER

Sioux Rapids

Born January 13, 1895. Enl. April 27, 1918.

Pvt. Co. B, 307th Inf. 90th Div. Trained:

Camp Dodge; at Camp Travis; to Camp Mills.

Sailed from New York June 19; ship had to put
in at Halifax for ten days; sailed again July 4;
landed Liverpool. July 15. To rest camp at
Winchester; to Argonne at Bar-le-Duc four
weeks. Went to St. Mihiel; over top Septem-
ber 12. facing heavy artillery fire, under fire
sixty days without relief; to Argonne Forest;
wounded October 25 at 3:30 a. m. and removed
from field at 9:00 p. m. of the 26th; to hospital;
died November 2. Buried in France. Pvt.
Bright was given the honor of being one of
the best in his organization in bayonet drill
and rifle range practice; he was commanding
the company when wounded and was scheduled
for jiromotion to corporal; out of 250 men in
his company only 50 were left at the time of
the armistice. He was wounded in shoulders,
both arms, and right side.

BY AM, OI.IVER F.
I^ee Township

Born August 14, 1895. Enl. June 25. 1916.
2d Lieut., Instructor in 146th M. C. Bn.; with
7th Inf. 3d Div. at time of death. Trained;
with 2d Idaho X. G., 2d Idaho Inf., Gooding.
Idaho — not assigned — on border duty from July
1916 to January 25, 1917; enlisted in regular
army August 5, 1917; promoted to Sgt. April 26,
1917; to 2d Lieutenant, October, 1917; to
ogden, Utah; to Boise, Idaho; to Camp Greene;
to Camp Mills; to Camp Merritt. Sailed Janu-
ary 8. 1918; Landed in France. Instructor in
146th Machine Gun Bn. at Selles-sur-Cher until
September 1. Killed in Argonne Forest while
with the 7th Inf. 3d Div. at Cunel, October 20,
1918. Buried on battlefield, Cunel. Lieut.
Byam was cited as follows; For extraordinary
heroism in action near Cunel Heights, France,
October 11, 1919. Upon his own initiative
Lieut. Byam moved his machine gun platoon
through heavy artillery and machinegun fire
400 meters in advance of the front line and
from there opened fire on the enemy, who was
holding our advance, displaying exceptional
bravery in holding this position against several
hostile attacks. This officer was later killed by
machine gun flre while leading a patrol against
the enemy's line.

GOLD STARS

W. H. Anderson
Linn Grove

J'Min L. Aiitonsen
I\I;iple Vall.\- Township

tlottfried Bengston
Albert City

John F. UrazL-l
Sioux Rapids

GOLD STARS

Claude Leander Bright
Sioux Rapids

Oliver P. Byam
Lee Township

Jesse dais
Lincoln Township

Herbert E. Danielson
Washing-ton Township

GOLD STARS

CRAIG, JESSS

Iiincoln Township

Born August 13. 1899. Enl. Dec. 16. 1918.
Fireman in Merchant Marine. Trained: on
the V. S. S. Meade at East Boston. Died in
hospital at Chelsea, Mas.sachusetts. December
18, 1918. Buried at Sioux Rapids, Iowa.

DANIEI.SON, HERBEBT E.

Washington Township

Born March 10. 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Corp. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained; Camp
Gordon five weel<s. Sailed September 1, 1918.
Was in France only a short time before he was
taken to a hospital and died Nov. 7, 1918.

DOMEIER, Alljert

Sioux Rapids

Born Oct. 3. 1892. Enl. July 30. 1918. Pvt.
Co. F, 212th Engrs. Trained: Camp Forrest
until August 20; at Camp Devens until Septem-
ber 29. Died, September 28, 1918, at Camp
Devens of Spanish influenza and pneumonia.
Buried in Lone Tree Cemetery near Sioux
Rapids, Iowa.

FI.ETCHER, CAI.VIN

Providence Township

Born .\pril 22, 1895. Enl. July 10, 1918. Pvt.
Co. 14, 4th Bn. 163d D. B. Trained; Camp
Dodge. Died of Spanish influenza at Camp
Dodge October 11, 1918. Buried at Storm Lalie.
(drew up in home of J. H. Rubin. Had not
lived in county for several years, and while
tliere might be soine question as to whether he
properly belongs in Buena Vist County it is
not probable that he would be listed in any
other county).

GRABBER, FRANK FRED

Sioux Rapids

Born November 27, 1892. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed August 30,
1918 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest
September 12. Sent to front on Meuse-Ar-
gonne: was in attacls on Hill 378, strucli by
shrapnel and instantly killed November 7, 1918.

DYVAD, CARI. C.

Albert City

Born September 6, 1888. Enl. September 10.
1916. Pvt. Co. M, I. N. G., later made Co. M.
168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained: Served on Mexi-
can border during winter 1916-17; entrained at
Cherokee August 17, 1917 for State Fair
Grounds; Sept. 10 to Camp Mills. Embarked
October 18 on U. S. S. President Grant; re-
turned to port and sailed again November 14 on
the Celtic; landed Liverpool Nov. 25. To Le
Harve December 2. To Rimaucourt February 1;
to Baccarat Sector, Alsace-Lorraine, March 9,
wounded in left hand and in same month
burned by liquid flre while raiding a German
trench; June 15 to Champagne; to Chateau-
Thierry July 24. Killed in Battle of Sergy at
Hill 212, July 28, while trying to capture a
machine gun nest. Buried one-quarter kilo-
meter north of Sergy, Grave No. 47-C. map of
Fere- en-Tar deno is.

GREENFIEIiS, IiESXiIE AMBROSE

Alta

Born March 9, 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained: Camp
Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Was overseas only
ten days when he died of lobar pneumonia.
Entered hospital September 19; died September
23, 1918. Buried in Karfantras Cemetery, near
Brest.

GROTE, emu;

Sioux Rapids

Born March 16. 1893. Enl. September 6, 1918.
Pvt. U. S. A. Trained: Camp Dodge. Con-
tracted Spanisli influenza October 8. Died at
Base Hosp. at Camp Dodge October 16, 1918.
Buried at Lohrville, Iowa.

ENGIiEDOVr, JOHN H.

Stomi Iiake

Born May 13, 1888. Pvt Co. M, 161st Regt.
41st Div. Trained; Camp Dodge; at Camp
Cody. Sailed to France. On return to U. S.
was sent to Debarkation Hospital No. 1, Ellis
Island; to U. S. Gen. Hosp. Ft. Bayard. Died
January 27, 1919. Buried at Fonda, Iowa.

HANKE, JAMES E. F.

Born April 4. 1890. Knl. June 26, 1918. Pvt.
Co. E, No. 1 Development Bn. Inf. Trained:
Camp Dodge. Sent to hospital at Camp Dodge
November 11 with influenza. Died November
13 of pneumonia.

GOLD STARS

Albert Domeier
Sioux Rapids

Carl C. Dvvad
Albert City

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John H. Engledow
Storm Lake

Frank Fred Graeber
Sioux Rapids

GOLD STARS

Lfslie Ambrose Gret'iifk'ld
Alta

Emil Grote
Sioux Rapids

James E. F. Hanke
Newell

Carl A. Haroldsen
Rembrandt

GOLD STARS

HABOI.DSOM, CABI. A.

Rembrandt

Born July 12, 1892. Enl. May 25, 1917. Pvt.
1st el. Co. B, 5th Engr.s. Trained: Ft. Logan;
at El Paso: at Corpus Christ! ; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed for France July 31: landed Brest August
12. To Pone-en-Nessen Barracks for five days;
to Aisy-Amoncon-Yonne si.x weeks: to Chalig-
ney; to front lines; to St. Mihiel sector Sep-
tember 26; to Minorville two weeks; to front at
Puvenille Woods October 9 to November 10; to
Thiaucourt until killed. Killed while removing
German mines November 20, 1918. Buried at
Thiaucourt. France.

HARTMAN, EDWARD E.
Marathon

Born November 1. 1887. Enl. May 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. H, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained: Camp
Dodge from May 24 to Aug 25. Sailed from
Camp Mills September 2, 1918. Was in hospital
five days and died with pneumonia October 15.
1918. Buried in France.

RINTZ, CHARI-ES A.
Washington Township
Born July 22, 1890. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. E, 316th Regt. 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from New
York August 30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed
Brest September 12. To St. George: to Mon-
therand, where he joined company specified
above on the Verdun front, going into action
October 26; participated in the capture of Hill
378. going over the top November 4: wounded
in the arms by machine-gun bullets: sent
to Base Hosp. No. 83. where he died December
4. 1918. Buried at Revigny, France. His com-
manding officer wrote of him: 'He was every
inch an American and acquitted himself fear-
lessly in what became his first and last battle."

KUMFKREY, JOHN !■.
Storm liake
Born October 1, 1895. Enl. July 27. 1917.
Corp. Co. E, 16th Inf. 1st Div. Trained: Co.
P. Montana N. G. at Glendive, Montana: to
Helenato train; to Butte to guard the I. W. W.
August 3 to October, 1917; entrained for Camp
Mills, there six weeks training selective service
men; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from New York
December 15; landed Liverpool. To Win-
chester; to Southampton; to Le Havre. Trans-
ferred to Co. E, 16th Inf 1st Div.: to front;
gassed twice and wounded once; returned to
front. Killed in action July 18, 1918. Given
posthumous decoration of Croix de Guerre by
Marshal Foch, announced No^'ember. 1919; cita-

tion: "He gave evidence of the greatest
bravery in all of the conflict and showed the
finest loyalty to his comrades."

HAMS, SETH G.
Providence Township

Born August 2. 1894. Enl. July 22. 1918. Pvt.
Co. A. Trained: Camp Funston. Died at
Camp Funston January 20, 1919; buried Janu-
ary 23 at Warsaw. Missouri.

JENSEN, EMU.

Ne'well
Born March 3, 1896. Enl. September 20. 1917.
Pvt. (Sharpshooter), Co. F, 18th Inf. 1st Div.
Trained: Camp Dodge; at Camp Pike; to
Camp Merritt. Sailed July 1, 1918. Sent to
Meuse-Argonne offensive October 1, 1918; to
hospital. Died of pneumonia in A. E. F.
hospital.

JOHNSON, I.ARS
Iiee Township
Born September 22, 1893. Enl. September 19,

1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained: Dunwoody
Institute. Died of Spanish influenza October
7. 1918. Buried in Lone Tree Cemetery, Sioux
Rapids. Iowa.

KAUFMAN, BENJAMIN
Iiincoln Township
Born May 30, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. B, 136th Inf. 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon. Killed in action November 7. 1918.
Buried in American Battle Area Cemetery,
Commune of Revelle Meuse, France.

KESTEI., HENRY

Maple Valley Township
Born November 15. 1895. Enl. June 26, 1918.
Pvt. M. G. Co. 350th Mch. Gunners, 88th Div.
Trained: Camp Dodge. Transferred to Signal
Corps after arrival in France. Died of bron-
chial pneuiTionia. ^^'as sick in hospital at Bel-
fort. Died in Base Hosp. No. 27 S. O. S. No-
vember. 16. Buried at Angers, France.

XRVSE, HENRY W.
Iiincoln Township

Born May 10, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. M, 163rd Inf. 41st Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed September
1; landed Brest September 10. Landed U. S.
January 18. 1919, from U. S. S. Houston. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Funston; taken sick
January 29; transferred to Base Hosp. at Ft.
Riley. Died of spinal meningitis February 12,

1919. Buried at German Lutheran Cemetery,
Grant Township. February 17, 1919.

CxOLD STARS

Haroldsfii's Gra\'e ill France

Edward E. Hartman
Marathon

.•i

Joliii L. Hiimplirey
Storm Lake

L'harKs A. Hiiitz
Washington Township

GOLD STARS

Seth G. Tiams
Providence Township

lilllll .Il-llSc'll

Ne\\'ell

Lars Johnson
Lee Township

Benjamin Kaufman
Lincoln Township

GOLD STARS

I.ARSON, NEI-S F.
Elk Township

Born August 20. 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. G, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon three weeks; to Camp Merritt. Landed
Prance September 12. To St. George; to front
lines October 20. Killed in action November 9.
1918. Buried in cemetery in Commune of Gib-
ercy, Meuse, France.

LOE, RAYMOND H.

Iiinn Grove
Born August 24. 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B. 214th Engrs. Trained: Camp
Forrest. Died in service October 15, 1918.

I.YDEI.II, DAVID G.

Rembrandt
Born April 16. 1892. Enl. July 20, 1918. Pvt.
Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained; Camp Gor-
don. Sailed to France, after twenty days of
training at Camp Gordon; landed Brest. Died
of pneumonia September 27, 1918.

MARTZ, GEORGE H.

Stomi Iiake
Born May 2, 18!i5. Enl May 13, 1918. Pvt.
Co. I, 102d Regt. 26th Div, Trained: Jeffer-
son Barracks; at Camp McArthur; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed from Camp Merritt on U. S. S.
Leviathan August 18; landed Brest August 25,
with 55th Regt. 7th Div. To rest camp one
week; to interior of France, transferred to Co.
I. 102d Regt. 26th Div. August 31; September
4th began hike to front at St. Mihiel; at St.
Mihiel September 10; into action September
12, 8:00 a. m., against Austro-Hungarian troops,
captured Hills Les Eparges. Combres. and
Amaranthe, and the villages of St. Remy and
Domartin; moved into city of Verdun October
22, billeted in ruined buildings of city; into
front lines a few miles north of Verdun October
27. Killed in action October 28. Buried in
A. E. F. Cemetery at Loriecy, Meuse, France.

IVIIKKEI.SON, I.OUIS C.
Newell

Born July 10. 1892. Enl. April 24. 1918. Pvt.
Co. C, 357th Inf. 90th Div. Trained; Camp
Dodge; at Camp Travis. Sailed June 10; landed
Liverpool. To Brest; to Toul; to St. Mihiel.
Killed in action September 12, 1918. Captain
Wood wrote of him: "A braver soldier and
finer man was hard to find. He was a credit
to his company and to the country to which he
gave his life."

McFADDEN, I.EO F.

Frovidence Township
Born December 20, 1894. Enl. May 30, 1917.
Pvt. 1st cl.. Motor Platoon, Hdq. Co. 168th

Regt. 4 2d Div. Trained; Cherokee, Iowa; to
State Fair Grounds; to Camp Mills. Sailed
from Hoboken October 18 on U. S. S.
President Grant; returned October 28 for re-
pairs; sailed again November 14 on R. M. S.
Aurania; landed Liverpool December 1. To
Winchester; to Southampton; to Le Harve. To
Rimacourt; to Lorraine; to Baccarat sector
February 26 to June 19; to Champagne sector
July 4 to 20; to Chateau-Thierry July 25 to
August 5; to St. Mihiel September 12 to 26; to
Argonne October 12. Killed by a fragment of
high-explosive shell October 14. Buried at
Kremhilde-Stellung 200 yards east of Arietal
Farm; removed to American Cemetery, Exer-
mont, Ardennes, France. Chaplain Winfred E.
Robb wrote to Mr. and Mrs. John McFadden,
under date of November 27, 1918: "As chaplain
of the 168th Inf. I am writing you with
deepest sympathy concerning the death of your
son. He was instantly killed by enemy shell
fire while advancing with his platoon, and was
buried by me near the place of his death. You
are no doubt very proud of Leo and you have
every reason to be. Although he made the
supreme sacrifice he made it for the greatest
cause and shall receive his just reward from
Him we all love and trust. Leo was always
ready to do more than his share of work."

NIEI.SEN, CHARI.es
Newell

Born August 2, 1890. Enl. July 24. 1918. Pvt.
Co. F., 316th Inf., 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon in Co, E, 316th Inf. 79th Div.; to
Camp Merritt. Sailed from New York August
30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest, Sep-
tember 12. To St. George; in Co. M, 163d
Inf. 1st Div.; to Verdun; to Genicourt Octo-
ber 25, assigned to Co. F, 316th Inf, 79th
Div.; to front lines October 29; November 2. at
night, took part in a raid on the German lines
and was severely gassed, got back to lines of
dugouts, where he was found dead the next
morning. Died November 3. 1918. Buried in
Argonne-Meuse Cemetery.

OI.SEN OI.AF S.
Scott Township

Born February 26, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. I, 163d Inf. Replm. Regt. Trained:
Camp Gordon until August 24; to Camp Mer-
ritt. Sailed from New York on U. S. S. Platts-
burg September 1; landed Brest September 12.
To front at Bouguen. Killed September 28,
1918. The dugout in which Olsen was sta-
tioned was crowded and Olsen was outside ly-
ing in the sun when a piece of shrapnel struck
him directly on the head. Buried in cemetery
at St. Aignan-Noyesn. Loire-et Cher, France.

GOLD STARS

Henry Kestel
Mapln Vall.-\- T.-iwnsli

Henr>' \\'. Krusc
Lincoln Township

Nels P. Larson
Ellc Townsliip

Raymond H. Loe
Linn Grove

GOLD STARS

David G. Lydell
Rembrandt

Gfuiye H. Martz
Storm Lake

Louis C. Mikkelson
Newell

Storm Lake

GOLD STARS

PETERSON, MARVIN EI.BERT
Barnes To'wnslup
Born Xov. 29, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. L, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon. Sailed August 25 on U. S. S. Platts-
burg: landed Brest September 12. To Camp
Georges for training: to Verdun Oct. 13; to
the front October 24; took active part in
Meuse-Argonne offensive until armistice was
signed. Died of disease caused by exposure
November IS. 1918. Buried near Etraye.
France, November 20, 1918.

FIERSON. mANFORD C.

Albert City
Born January 4, 1887. Enl. May 19, 1918.
Yeoman, Radio Service. Trained: G. L. N. T.
S.. in Co. F, 7th Regt. Taken sick with influ-
enza which later developed into pneumonia.
Died October 22, 1918. Buried at Mediapolis.
Iowa, in the famil.v lot. Commended by Cap-
tain of the U. S. Xavy Commandant: "Yeo-
man Pierson had a very satisfactory record
in every particular and gave promise of be-
ing a useful and valuable member of the
naval service who would acquit himself credit-
ably of any duty or responsibility with which
he might be entrusted."

FI.OG, ntARTIN WHiIilAM J.
Maple Valley Township
Born April 28, 1895. Enl. July 24. 1918. Pvt.
Co. M, lG3d Inf. 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon five weeks in Co. A, 4th Replm. Regt.;
to Camp Merritt. Sailed on U. S. S. Plattsburg.
Transferred in France to Co. M, 163d Inf. 79th
Div.; took sick about November 14; sent to
Evac. Hosp. No. 8. Died in Base Hosp. No.
54 December 12 at 7:40 p. m. Buried at
Mesves-Nievre. Grave No. 572 in A. E. F. Ceme-
tery No. 86 on December 14, 1918.

Cherokee. Iowa; to Jlexican border winter of
1916-17 at Brownsville, Texas; at State Fair
Grounds; to Camp Mills, September 10, 1917.
Sailed from New York on U. S. S. President
Grant October 18; returned to port October
28; sailed again November 14 on Celtic; landed
Liverpool. To Southampton; to Le Havre. To
Rimacourt; to Langres; to Baccarat; into ac-
tion February 22; cited for bravery March 9,
"For penetrating the enemy line and destroy-
ing enemy shelter"; to Lorraine front in
Luneville sector; to Champagne July 3 to
18; Chateau Thierry July 22. Killed in action
by machine-gun bullet July 31, 1918. Buried in
American Cemetery at Ainveile, after being re-
moved from Serg.v.

SMITH, GUiBERT G.

Sioux Rapids
Died at Naval Hosp. Ft. Lyons. Colo., No-
vember 26. 1919. (Additional information and
photograph will be found under "Service
Records").

SMITH, FRED W.

Nokomis Township
Born October 30, 1893. Knl. September 20,
1917. Pvt. Co. H, 26th Inf. 1st Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge in Co. A, 350th Inf. 88th Div.; to
Camp Pike latter part of October; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed June 10; landed Liverpool July
1. To Le Havre July 4; to Soissons, where
he joined the 1st Div. July 19; at Soissons
July 19 to 23; in St. Mihiel offensive September
12 to 13; at Verdun front September 21 to
30; to Argonne-Meuse offensive October 1 to 12;
to Vavincourt Rest Area October 16 to Novem-
ber 2; to front lines at Romagne until Novem-
ber 5; November 6 in forced march on Sedan.
Killed in action November 6 near Chemery,
France.

REDENBAUGH, DANNIE
Storm Iiake

Born July 7, 1894. Enl. July 24. 1918. Pvt.
Co. A, 304th M. P. Trained: Camp Gordon; to
Camp Merritt. Sailed from New York August
30, on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest Sep-
tember 14. To Verdun sector October 23 to
November 11, shell-shocked and sent to Base
Hospital No. 25. Died at 12:15 p. m. Novem-
ber 11, 1918. Buried in American Military
Cemetery, AUerey-Aone-et-Loire, France.

SCRAEFFER, HAROIiD

Storm Iiake
Born September 10, 1896. Enl. June 30, 1916.
Corp. Co. M. 168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained:

SMITH, PETER
Coon Township

Born October 19 1887. Enl July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. G, 313th Inf. 79th Div. Trained:
Camp Gordon until August 25. Sailed from
Hoboken September 1 on U. S. S. Plattsburg;
landed Brest September 12. To St. Georges
September 16 to 30; to Verdun October 28; in
Meuse sector, Verdun front offensive November
4 to 9; wounded by high-explosive shell in hip
November 9 in Argonne-Meuse offensive. Died
on way to hospital. Buried in Grave No. 32,
Row 90, Freeh Cemetery at Glorieux, near
Verdun, France. John Blucker, Captain 313th
Inf. Co. G, U. S. A. wrote: "The taking of
Hill 378 is considered one of the hardest that
the 79th Div. was in."

GOLD STARS

Charles Nielson
Newell

Olaf S. Olsen

Sf-ott T■■^^■!l'-■l'i^

Marvin Elbert Peterson
Barnes Township

Manford C. Pierson
Albert City

GOLD STARS

Martin William J. Plog
Maple Valley Township

Dannie Redenbaugli
Storm [jake

Harold Schaeffer
Storm Lake

Fred W. Smith
Nokomis Township

GOLD STARS

SOATMER, HERBERT

Storm liake

Born November 10. 1894. Enl. July 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 316th Regt. 79th Div. Trained:
Camp Gordon three weeks; to Camp Merritt.
Landed France September 12. To St. Georges;
to front lines October 20; wounded severely
November 9. in Argonne battle. Died Novem-
ber 10, 1918. Widow; Mrs. Herbert Sommer,
Webb, Iowa.

TAYI.OR, rLO IVAN

Storm Iiake

Born April 28. 1885. Enl. April, 1917, in
Lieut. 350th Regt. Engrs. Reserve Corps.
Trained: Ft. Leavenworth one montli; special
training in New Yorlj and Washington. D. C;
to Camp Lee. Commissioned July, 1917. in
charge of Engineer Sub-Depot No. 409; in First
Officers' Training Camp, entered from Purdue
Univ. Died following apparently minor opera-
tion on nose of cerebral meningitis at Base
Hosp. Camp Lee on January 25. 1918. Buried at
Petersburg. Va.. in Blaudford Cemetery.

Pilve January 21, 1919. Buried at Ingraham, 111.
Corp. Tolliver was married, and came to Buena
Vista County in 1916.

TOOMBS, FERRY I..

Newell

Born January 19, 1890. Enl. September 21,

1917. Pvt Co. P, 39th Inf. 20th Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge; at Camp Pike; at Camp Green;
to Camp Mills. Killed in action September 27,

1918. Buried in American Cemetery. Brinville-
.sur-Meuse, Commune of Brinville-Meuse,
France.

WEST, I,ESI.IE EARI,

Albert City

Born December 24, 1896. Enl. September 7,
1918. Pvt. Inf. Trained: Camp Dodge. Took
sick with influenza October 2, 1918; taken to
Base .Hospital; influenza developed into tuber-
culosis. Died November 6, 1918. Buried Storm
Lake, Iowa, November 12, 1918.

THOMSEN, OTTO

Ne'^ell

Born April 28, 1891. Enl. July 24. 1918. Pvt.
Co. E, 54th Pioneer Inf. Trained: Camp
Wadsworth until August 17; at Camp Stewart.
Sailed August 29; landed Brest September 12.
Entrained for front September 22; arrived
Steury-sur-Aire September 23; night hike to
Clermont Woods September 24; September 25
in hospital. Died of pneumonia in Lauilly Hos-
pital October 5, 1918.

TOI.I.IVER, OTIS

Storm Iiake

Born September 7. 1894. Enl. September 21,
1917. Corp. Co. 1, 347th Inf. 87th Div. Trained;
Camp Dodge; at Camp Pike; to Camp Dix.
Sailed August 22; landed Liverpool. To Lon-
don; to Soutliampton; to Cherbourg September
17. To Tours; to Tels; to Romoranton; to
Brest. Sailed December 24; landed New York
December 30. To Camp Merritt; to Camp
Pike January 9. Died of influenza at Camp

YOUNIE, ARTHUR M.

Maple Valley Township

Born January 31. 1887. Enl. February 25,
1918. Pvt. Batt. F, 77th Div, Trained: Camp
Dodge; at Camp Upton. Sailed for France
April 28; landed May 14 in France. Was taken
sick and died of bronchial pneumonia February
13. 1919.

YOUNIE, HOWARD W.

Maple Valley Township

Born February 1, 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918,
Pvt. Co. E. 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained:
Camp Gordon one month; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed from New York on \J. S. S. Plattsburg
August 30; landed Brest, September 12. To St.
George; to Verdun; to Genicourt October 25;
assigned to 316th Regt. in front lines October
25; over the top November 3; assisted in the
capture of Hill 378; November 10 attacked hill
at Danvillers and was severely wounded — shot
through the kidneys. Died at 2:00 a. m.,
November 11, 1918.

GOLD STARS

Peter Smith
Coon Township

Herbert Sommer
Storm Lake

■^

«-

Ilo Ivan Taylor
Storm Lake

Otto Tliomsen
Newell

GOLD STARS

Otis Tolliver
Storm Lake

I*err.\' Tj, Tnouibs
Newell

Leslie Earl West
Albert City

GOLD STARS

Howard W. Younie
Maple Valley Township

Arthur M. Younie
Maple Valley Townsliip

Honor Roll of Buena Vista County

ADOI.FHSON, AXEI. EDWARD
Coon Township
Born March 18, 1890. Enl. July 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 4th Inf. Regt. Trained at Camp
Gordon; transferred, on December 3, to 107th
Ordnance Depot Co. Promoted to Company
Mechanic. Mustered out March 31, 1919.

AITKEN, WIIiIiIAM GIiENDENNING-
Storm Iiake

Born November 11, 1S'.I2. Enl. May 12, 1917.
First lieut. Mach Gun Co., 26th Reg., 1st Dlv.
Com. 2d lieut. August 15, 1917; promoted to
1st lieut. October 26, 1918. Trained at Fort
Snelling; in Third British Army Inf. School at
Auxi-le-Chateau, British Gen. Headquarter.s;
and at Small Arms and Mach. Gun School at
Camiers. Sailed from New Jersey, August 29,
1917; landed Liverpool. Le Havre, France, Sep-
tember 16. At Third British Army Inf. School.
Auxi-le-Chateau, September 26 to October 30;
assigned to 26th Infantry, November 10 — de-
tached service; at British Mach. Gun School
from December 1 to December 25; taken sick in
British Gen. Hosp, No. 20 at Camiers on
December 26, 1917 to February 24, 1918; re-
joined regiment at Bouconville. March 10,
1918; left Toul sector on April 2 for Picardy;
in Montdidier sector from April 16 to July 6; at
Soissons July 16 to July 26; at Pont-a-Mous-
son July 30 to August 20; at St. Mihlel Sep-
tember 6 to 18; in Verdun area September 21
to 30; in Argonne from September 31 to Octo-
ber 4, until severely wounded in start of sec-
ond phase of battle of the Argonne near Hill
272, southeast of Fleville, on October 4; in
base hosp. No. 44 at Pouques-Lormes from
October 8 to November 24; discharged from
hosp. on December 30, 1918; to Blois; to
Angers, to Brest. Sailed for the United
States from Brest on January 13, 1919. Dis-
charged at Camp Dix, January 25, 1919.

AI.BRECHSON, AI.BERT

Ne-weU

Born March 6, 1893. Enl. March 6. 1918.
Pvt. in Co. K, 59th Regt., 4th Div. Trained
at Camp Greene. Sailed on U. S. S. Olympia,
May 5, 1918; landed Southampton, May 13.
To Liverpool; to Dover; to Calais. France.
Trained with the British for six weeks at
Samer; to Chateau Thierry from July 19 to
August 7, in continual fighting; to Velie
from August 7 to 12; fighting for five days on
the Vesle river; after short training-period

was sent to Toul sector for six days; on trench
outpost duty after September 1; from Septem-
ber 7 to 17 at St. Mihiel — continual fighting,
was in capture of one town; to Argonne from
September 26 to October 16, continual fight-
ing; wounded by shrapnel in foot in Argonne,
October 6, and sent to field hosp., but joined
his Co. on October 10; was in reserve at
Metz when armistice was signed. Started for
Germany; served at Bremen and Coblenz; left
for Brest July 24. Sailed from Brest on
LT. S. S. Texan; landed at Norfolk, August
5, 1919. Mustered out August 11, 1919.

ai;fzbs, chari,es i..

Coon Township
Born October 10, 1895. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. in Co. M, 316th Inf., 79th Div. Trained
Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt, August 25.
Left September 1, in 27th Replm. Co.; landed
at Liverpool September 14. To Le Havre,
France. To St. Georges; left St. Georges on
October 7, for the front at Verdun; remained
at Verdun until wounded in head and right
shoulder on November 10. Sailed on Christ-
mas day for the United States. Mustered out
April 22, 1919.

AI.FI:RS, ERNEST C.
Coon Township

Born October 19. 1889. Enl. April 24, 1918.
Pvt. 1st cl.. Medical Corps. 14th Infantry.
Trained at Camp Dodge until December 1;
ordered to Camp Grant. Mustered out at
Camp Grant, May 13, 1919.

AI.FERS, WII.i;lAM J.
Coon Township

Born August 17, 1887. Enl. February
25, 1918. Pvt. Co. E, 132d Inf., 33d Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge until April 15; to
Camp Logan until May 7. Sailed from New
York. May 15. on transport Mount Vernon;
landed at Brest. May 24. Moved to Abbeville.
June 9; to Amiens sector. June 29 to August
23; to Trouville-en-Barrois in Toul sector.
August 26; moved to Verdun sector. Septem-
ber 6; engaged in Meuse-Argonne offensive,
September 26 to November 11; moved to Lux-
emburg December 1; stationed there until
March 1. 1919; moved to Brest. Sailed from
Brest for the United States. May 9, on the
transport Mount Vernon; landed at New
York. May 17. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge. May 26. 1919.

Axel Edward Adolphsen
Coon Township

Wm. G. Aitken
Storm Lake

Albert Albrechtsen
Newell

Charles L,. Alpers
Coon Township

Ernest C. Alpers
Coon Township

AA'iriani J. A'ners
Coon Township

C. H. Anderson
Lee Township

Clar*-pce Anderson
Albert City

Conrad H. Anderson
Albert City

Elmer B Anderson
Poland

Harry W. Anderson Horace Shade Anderson

Fairheld Township Storm Lake

Howard J. Anderson
Elk Township

(Jrvillf M. Andrrson
Linn Grove

<.)t>car Andei -siiu
Albert City

.). l;. Aiidiews
L.inn tirove

Sfgurd Anker sun
Nokomis Township

Elmer Ankerson
Nokomis Township

Ht-rnard Arnts
Storm Lake

Alfred Z. Ashbaush
Fairfield Township

Alva E. Avenall
Storm Lake

Ralph Harvey Avenall
Storm Lake

Axel Edwin Axelson
Maple Valley Township

Robert M. Bailie
Storm Lake

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

AMBIiER, HERBERT DONAI.D

Storm Iiake

Born July 0, 1895. Knl. July 24, 1918.
Sergt. in Headquarters Department, 4th Replm.
Regt. Trained at Camp Gordon. Mustered
out January 26, 1919.

ANDERSON, EI.MER B.

Poland
Born June 22, 1896. Enl. April 8, 1918. Pvt.
Batt. D, 77th Field Artillery, 4th Div. Trained
at Madison, Wisconsin, from April 8 to June
12, 1918; to Camp Jaclsson, from June 12 to
July 17. Left from Hobol^en, July 23 on
transport Tydens; landed in London. August
8, to September 1. To Le Havre, France, Sep-
tember 4. To Camp Hunt at Bordeaux: joined
4th Div., September 19; in Meuse-Argonne
offensive from September 26 until November
11; to Pont-sur-Meuse for one weel<; moved
into Army of Occupation at Kaisersesch, Ger-
many, until May 25, 1919; to Neunahr until
July 11; to Brest. Sailed from Brest, July
17, 1919, on U. S. S. Tiger; landed at New
Yorlc, July 29, To Camp Merritt; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out at Camp Dodge, August
5, 1919.

AKSERSON, GOTTFRIED G.

Marathon
Born November 19, 1891. Enl. April 8, 1918.
Pvt. 110th Aerial Squadron, Mach. Gun Dept.
Trained at Madison, Wisconsin, in Detachment
School until June 8; to Dayton, Ohio, until
September 25; trans, to Carlton Field until
November 1; to Dorr Field until February 1,
1919; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge, February 10, 1919.

ANDERSON, HORACE SHADE

Storm Iiake
Born April 3, 1893. Enlisted October 8, 1917.
Pvt. Co. A, 350th Regt., 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge for two months; trans, to 87th
Div. at Camp Pike. Mustered out February 2,
1918, on account of physical disability.

ANDERSON, ORVII.I.E Ttl.
Ziinn Grove

Born May 25, 1896. Enl. August 20, 1918.
Pvt. 1st cl.. Remount Dept.. Field Artillery.
Trained at Camp McClellan. Mustered out
April 2, 1919.

ANDERSON, JOHN WIZ.I.IAM

Alta
Born May 6, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. A, 5th Div. Trained at Camp Gordon,

in Co. C. 4th Replm. Regt.; to Camp Merritt.
Left Hobolcen on Vaterland, August 29, 1918;
landed at Brest, September 6. To Le Mans; to
Nancy; to Nixeville, where he was transferred
to Co. A, 5th Div,; entered line of figliting at
Cunel on October 12; to Brest, July 8. Sailed
on Aquitania, July 12, 1919; landed at New
York, July 20. Mustered out at Camp Dodge,
July 28, 1919.

ANDERSON, CI.ARENCE

Alt)ert City

Born March 5, 1893. Enl. May 11, 1918.
Seamon 2d cl. Trained at Camp Lewis, Great
Lakes Naval Training Station, in 17th Regi-
ment. Naval Station; trained at Camp Decatur
until May 29; to Camp Dewey; June 3, to
Camp Paul Jones; August 3, to Camp Perry,
December 5, to Camp Lewis. Mustered out
February 10, 1919.

ANDERSON, OSCAR

Albert City
Born June 19, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. L, 163d Inf., 41st Div. Trained at Camo
Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Embarked August
29; landed at Brest, France, September 20.
To St. Georges; January 26, 1919. to Brest.
Sailed from Brest, February 4; landed at Camp
Dix, February 16. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out at Camp Dodge, March 4, 1919.

ANDERSON, CONRAD H.

Albert City

Born March 21, 1891. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York, August
30. 191S. in U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed at Brest,
SeiJtember 12. Two weeks of intense training
at St. George; arrived at Verdun, October 12,
but was not sent into the line of fighting until
October 29; was hit by fragments of a high ex-
plosive shell on November 3, taken to a field
hospital, then to Evacuation Hospital No. 15,
where he had first operation; to Base Hospital
No. 53 for 18 days; to Base Hospital No. 10 at
Kerhornou, near Brest. Sailed from Brest as
stretcher case on U. S. S. Agamemnon, Decem-
ber 27; arrived at Debarkation Hospital No 5,
New York City, January 5, 1919. Remained at
Debarkation Hospital No. 5 about four weeks
till recuperation was sufficient to allow him to
walk on crutches; to the general hospital at
Des Moines, and after six weeks in this hos-
pital he was given a furlough and upon his
return waited about a month for his discharge.
Mustered out May 23, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ANDERSON, HARRY W.
Fairfield

Born July 29, 1892. Enl. May 27, 1918. Pvt.
Co. K, 352d Inf., 88th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge; to Camp Mill.s on August 9. Sailed.
Augu.st 16, on Ulysses; landed at Liverpool,
August 28. To Camp Wincliestpr ; to Southamp-
ton. To Le Havre, France. To rest camp; to
Les-Loumer, September 2; to Alles-St. Reinine,
September 4; to Vegeloise; to Chevermont,
Oct. 6; to Rowghont, Oct. 10; to Camp Norman,
Oct. 13; to Hagenbacl^, Oct. 24; to trenches in
Alsace-Lorraine sector, Oct. 31; to Toul sector,
Nov. 4, to support the proposed drive of the
newly-organized Second American Army;
arrived at Belfort Area, Nov. 8, and remained
there until November 11; to Lucy, Nov. 13; to
Bonnet. Nov. 30 to May 11, 1919; ordered to Le
Mans; to St. Nazaire. Sailed May 21, 1919. on
the U. S. S. Pocohontas; landed at Newport
News, June 1. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out
at Camp Dodge, June 14, 1919.

Dodge for two months in Co. A. 350th Reg.,
88th Div.; to Camp Pil<e for four months; to
Camp, Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken on trans-
port Mount Vernon, April 19, 1918; landed at
Bre.st, April 28, 1918. Took sick on boat and
went to Base Hosp. Sec. 5; one month after
leaving hosp. joined Co. L, 9th Inf., 2d Div.
near Chateau Thierry, was there twelve days
and was wounded and sent to Field Hosp. No. 1
for three days and then was sent to Base
Hosp. No. 20 for one month, then sent back
through classification camp to Co. L. 9th Inf.,
2d Div. near St. Mihiel sector for four days;
to Champagne front 8 days; to Argonne until
armistice was signed; on hike to Germany to
Bendorff, for four months; to Ruschied for
three months; left Ruschied, July 16, 1919, on
train for Brest. Sailed on Princess Matoka.
July 23, 1919; landed Hoboken, August 1, 1919.
To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out at Camp Dodge, August 14, 1919.

ANDERSON, C. H.
I^ee

Knl. June 2, 1918. Apprentice Seaman on the
U. S. S. Ryndam. Trained at the Great Lakes
Naval Training Station. Crossed on transport
duty five times.

ANDERSON, HO'WABD J.

EUc
Born January 30, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. K, 11th Inf., 5th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon for four weeks; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed from Hoboken on Leviathan. August 30.
Landed at 3rest on September 7. To Le Mans
for five weeks; to Verdun sector until the
armistice was signed; to Luxemburg with the
Army of Occupation for seven months; to
Brest. Sailed for the United States, on July 11.
1919. on the U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed at
Hoboken, July 20. To Camp Mills; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out at Camp Dodge. July 28,
1919.

ANDREWS, J. R.

Iiinn Grove

Born July 6, 1892. Enl. July 30, 1918. Musi-
cian in Inf., Headquarters Co., 153d Depot
Brigade. Trained at Syracuse, New York, and
at Camp Dix. Passed examination for "gas
hound." Mustered out December 11, 1918.

ANKERSON, ROSS I^.

Alta

Born January 22, 1895. Enl. Sept. 20, 1917.
<'orp. Co. L, 9th Inf., 2d Div. Trained at Camp

ANKERSON, SEGTTRD

Nokomis Township

Born April 11, 1893. Enl. June 25, 1918. Pvt.
274th Field Hosp., 19th Sanitary Train to Base
Hosp. Detachment. Trained at Camp Dodge
for 10 months, promoted to horseshoer at
Field Hosp. Dec. 19, 1918; transferred to 163d
Depot Brigade from engineers, transferred to
274th Field Hosp., 19th Sanitary Train to Base
Hosp. Detachment. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge, May 1, 1919.

ANKERSON, EI.MER
Nokomis Township

Born May 16, 1890. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
205th Co., 103d Military Police Battalion.
Trained at Camp Gordon four weeks; ordered
to Camp Merritt. Sailed from New York. Aug.
3. on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed at Brest,
September 13. To St. Georges four weeks; to
Auton one month; to Tours from November 10
to July 26, 1919; to Brest. Sailed on Mercury,
August 3; landed at Norfolk, August 13. To
Army Base Supply at Norfolk; to Camp Dodge,
Mustered out Camp Dodge, August 20, 1919.

ARMSTRONG, FRED A.
Iiincoln Township

Born August 24. 1S91. Knl. Sept. 4, 1917.
Sergt. in Co. A, 25th Mach. Gun Batt. Trained
at Camp Dodge from Sept. 5, 1917 to Apr. 15,
1918; to Camp Hancock, August 12, 191S; to
Camp Sheridan; February 4, 1919; to Camp
Dodge. Promoted to Sergt. January 4, 1918.
Mustered out Camp Dodge, February 12, 1919.

John Paul Bair
Storm Lake

Arthur N. Barnard
Alta

Harvey v. Barnard
Alta

George C. Barnes
Providence Township

Samuel Josepli Barnett
Hayes Township

Leonard l'\ Larr
Storm LaUe

Kenneth li. Barrett
Sioux Rapids

Hilheit !•'. Barrick
Sto!"m Lake

Edward L>. Bartels
Coon Township

FVank S. Bass
Newell

Jesse H. Battern
Storm Lake

Russell W. Battern
Storm Lake

Robert S. Beatty
Storm Lake

Calvin A. Bflclu-r
Storm Lake

Alva J. Belrting
Fairfleld Township

Benj. P. Beldinj
Marathon

Wm. Sherwood Bell
Storm Lake

Leo A. Beller
Newell

Carl G. Benj^ston
Nokomis Township

jewis Kip Bennett
Lee Township

C. P. 1:^11
Alta

Edgar H. Bi-nson
Alta

Reuben L. Benson
Lincoln Township

George Adam Bentley
Poland Township

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ARNTS, BERNARD
Storm Iiake

Born January 2, 18:i3. Enl. July 29. 1918.
Wagoner, Co. B, 211th Engineer.?, 11th Div.
Promoted from private to wagoner. Trained
at Camp Forrest from July 21, 1918 to Oct.
31, 1918; to Camp Meade, Mustered out Camp
Dodge, February 6, 1919.

ASKBAUGH, AI.FRBD Z.

Fairfield TownBhip
Born September 30, 1886. Enl. February 25,
1918. Pvt., Co. H, 327th Inf., 82d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge, at Camp Gordon and Camp Up-
ton. Sailed from Boston on S. S. Grampian,
May 1, 1918; landed Liverpool. To Southamp-
ton; to Le Havre. Trained at Franieu; to Toul;
entered line of fighting about twenty miles
from Toul, July 20, relieved, Aug. 5; to Pagney
for two weeks; to Nancy sector, Aug. 17 to
Sept. 19; to rest billets for a few days; to
Chaumont, Sept. 30; joined 30th Div. in Ar-
gonne Forest at Commes, and was twenty-
four days in fighting line; ordered to Champ-
litte and remained tliere from October 30, 1918
until March 1, 1919.; to St. Medard. Sailed from
Bordeaux, Ma.v 7; landed at New York, May
18. To Camp Upton; to Camp Dodge. Muster-
ed out Camp Dodge. May 26, 1919.

AVENAI.I., AI.VA E.
Storm Iiake

Born April 12, 1897. Enl. December 14. 1917.
Corp. Co. A, 1st Batt., A. O. B. D. F. Trained
at Camp Dodge for two months and twenty-two
days; transferred to Camp Merritt. Promoted
from private to corporal. Sailed from Hobo-
ken. March 13, 1918, on ship Henry R. Mallory;
landed at Bordeaux, France, March 28. To
Gtnicourt, one week; to Geivers, two weeks; to
Is-sur-Tille, nine months; to Mayan, two
months; to evacuation camp, one month; to St,
Lager, six weeks; to Bordeaux. Sailed on
S. S. Black Crow, April 24, 1919; landed at
Hoboken, May 6. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out at Camp Dodge, May 20, 1919.

AVBNAI.I., RAiFH HABVSY
Storm Xiake

Born August 18, 1898. Enl. September, 1918.
Pvt. in Student Army Training Corps, in Co.
9, Iowa State College, Ames Iowa, Mustered
out December 21, 1918.

AXEI.SOIT, AXEI. EDWIN'
Maple Valley Township
Born April 18, 1894. Enl. August 20, 1918.
Pvt. in Salvage Co., Quartermaster Corps.

Trained at Camp McClellan. Mustered out
February 25, 1919.

BAUiIE, ROBERT M,
Storm Iiaka
Born January 22, 1891. Enl. July 23, 191S.
Pvt. in Engineers' Div. of Officers' Training
School at Camp Pike and at Camp Humphreys.
Scheduled for commission two weeks after
time of being mustered out. Mustered out
November 28, 1918.

BAIR, JOHN FAUIi
Storm Iiake
Born April 27, 1898. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Pvt. in Naval Unit, Student Army Training
Corps, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Mus-
tered out December 24, 1918.

BARNARD, ARTHUR N.
Alta

Born December 27, 1889. Enl. August 5, 1917.
Sergt. major at General Headquarters. Cliau-
mont, France. Trained with South Dakota Na-
tional Guard at Camp Carlton, Parker South
Dakota; transferred to Camp Greene and as-
signed to the 147th Field Art., June 27, 1917;
to Camp Mills, October 2, 1917; to Camp Mer-
ritt, December 7, Sailed for overseas on Olym-
pic, January 11, 1918; landed at Liverpool,
January 18. To Southampton; to Le Havre,
France. Reported for duty at General Head-
quarters of Adjutant General at Chaumont, on
February 20, where he was promoted to sergt.
major, there he was connected with the print-
ing department of the Adjutant General of the
American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont,
Haute-Marne, and was engaged in the print-
ing of several orders, special orders, codes,
pamphlets, bulletins, stationery, blanks and
other printed material needed by the Ameri-
can Expeditionary Forces. Left Chaumont
for Brest July 2, 1919. Sailed from

Brest for the United States on the Kaiserin
Augusta Victoria, July 10, 1919; landed Hobo-
ken, July 18, 1919. To Camp Mills; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out, July 24, 1919.

BARNARD, HARVEY A.

Alta
Born September 20, 1892. Enl. July 15, 1917.
Pvt. Co. B, 29th Engineers. Trained at Camp
Greene, Battery F, 147th Field Art., 41st Div.;
to Camp Mills. Sailed for overseas, January
11, 1918; landed at Liverpool, January 19. To
Le Havre. France, January 22. Trained at
Army Engineering School at Langres, there
transferred to Co, B, 29th Engineers; reached

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUNTY

the front with Sound-Ranging Sec. No. 2 on
April 3, at the time when the 26th was reliev-
ing the 1st Div. on the sector northwest of
Toul; was located at Grondru and then at
Brossay; in the battle of Seicheprey; joined the
French at Petite-Marclie; to Chateau-Thierry
sector in June and was with the Second and
Twenty-sixth Division; next moved to a point
for the next drive; shell-shocked and was sent
to a hospital for a month and half of treat-
ment; rejoined sound-ranging .section late in
September and was located at Villers-sous-
Preny until after the armistice was signed, the
battalion was then mobilized at Toul — the first
time it had been together — and was trans-
ferred by special order to the 74th Engineers
and sent to the base port for transportation
home. Sailed from St. Nazaire for the United
States, February 26, 1919; landed at New-
port News, March 11, 1919. Mustered out,
March 21, 1919.

BARNES, GEORGE C.
Providence Township

Born November 5, 1804. Knl. September 19.
■1917. Corp. Headquarters Co, 58th Inf., 4th
Div. Trained at Camp Dodge, Camp Pike, and
Camp Greene; to Camp Mills. Sailed from New
York May 10, 1918; on S. S. Shermistles; landed
at London, June 5, 1918. To Folkstone, for
four days. To Calais, Prance. To Liezey; to
Chateau-Thierry, July 17, and was in line un-
til wounded. August 7, by a high explosive
shell; to Base Hos. No. 17; to Base Hos. No.
24; to St. Aignan; back to outfit; attacked on
September 26, in Meuse-Argonne fighting line
until October 9; to Metz sector when armistice
was signed; started for the Rhine, November
19; to Diedenhoff-Moselle; to Bondsdorff-on-
the-Rhine, April 6; to Coblenz, May 22; to
Brest. July 24. Sailed from Brest for the
United States, July 24; landed at New York
August 1. Mustered out at Camp Dodge, Aug-
ust 8, 1919.

BARNETT, SAMVEI. JOSEPH

Hayes Township
Born November 2, 1892. Knlisted, July 25.
1918. Private in Company A. in infantry regi-
ment. Trained at Camp Gordon. Mustered out
January 13, 1919.

BARR, RUSSEI.1^ H.

Storm Iiake
Born July 5, 1897. Enlisted September 5,
1918. Private in Co. B, 88th Inf. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Mustered out, January 27. 1919.

BARRETT, KENNETH R.
Sioux Rapids

Born July 14, 1899. Enlisted April 12. 1917.
Yeoman 1st cl. on U. S. S. Montana. Trained
at Great Lakes Naval Training Station for
seven days; remainder of training on board
ship. Promoted to yeoman 1st cl. in July, 191S.
Montana was in continuous service from April
22, 1917, until December 10, 1918; made eleven
trips with convoy to war zone and return. Mus-
tered out, December 10, 1918.

BARRICK, HII,BERT F.
Storm Ziake
Born March 2, 1896. Enlisted, July 14, 1917.
Private Ist-cl., 109th Ammunition Train, 34th
Div. Trained at Fair Grounds, Des Moines,
Iowa, for two months; transferred to Camp
Cody, September 1, 1917, and remained there
until August 10, 1918; transferred to Dimmel
Motor Works, Chicago, drove trucks through to
Raritan Arsenal at New Brunswick, New Jer-
sey; to Camp Dix; to New York. Sailed from
Hoboken, October 17, on Olympic; landed at
Southampton. October 23. To Cherbourg. To
Camp St. Sulpice for two months; to Bordeaux;
to Gononcourt. Sailed for the United States.
June 10, 1919; landed at Philadelphia, June 22.
To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
at Camp Dodge, June 28, 1919.

BARTEI.S, EDWARD D.
Coon Township

Born March 28, 1896. Enlisted August 20,
1918. Corporal in Co. F, 6th Replm. Reg.
Trained at Camp Gordon until June 22, 1918;
ordered to Camp Dodge to be mustered out.
Mustered out January 28, 1919.

BASS, FRANK S.
Newell

Born November 23, 1896. Enlisted April 1,
1917. Private, Pack Train No. 303. Trained at
Fort Bliss Remount Station. Mustered out
June 1, 1919.

BARR, I.EONARD F.

Storm Iiake

Born December 15, 1893. Enlisted June 25.
1918. Private in Co. C, 350th Inf. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Given medical discharge at
Camp Dodge, October 7, 1918.

BATTERN, JESSE W.
Storm Kake

Born February 6, 1897. Enlisted September
7, 1918. Private in Co. B, 88th Reg. 19th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge. Mustered out Feb-
ruary 25, 1919.

Howard Dtlus U-utlL-y
Poland Township

Carl Ralph Berg
Fairfield Township

Carl A. Bersir
Rembrandt

Raymond 1. llprlin-ss
Torris H. Bertness

Torris H. Bertness
Barnes Township

Oscar Emil BJork
Fairfield Township

William R. Bland
Hayes Township

Robert Merwyn Bleakly
Storm Lake

lilarl J. Blomgren
Lincoln Township

Gustaf C. Blomberg
Albert City

Harvie E. Blomquist

Poland Township

Alfred Boese
Brooke Township

Fred B. Boettchei
Coon Township

James Bolen Henry Theodore Borcherding Clarence A. Bosley

Lee Township Maple Valley Township Storm Lake

Ira J. Boslough
Grant Township

Karl A\'. Bowers
Storm Lake

Millard H. Boyce Quincy Edgar Boynton

Newell Sioux Rapids

Edward P. Brady
Storm Lake

George N. Brady
Scott Township

Joseph M. Brady
Scott Township

Philip Brady
Scott Township

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA A'ISTA COUNTY

BATTEBN, JOKN i:i.VIN

Storm Iiake
Born February 1, 1892. Enlisted July 22,
1918. Pvt. Co. L. 148th Inf., 37th Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed
from Hoboken on S. S. North Amberland;
landed Liverpool, October 31. To Camp Cod-
ford; to Southampton. To LeHavre, Novem-
ber 6. To Le Mans; to Brest, March 1. 1919.
Sailed from Brest for the United States, on
S. S. Santa Olivia, March 16, 1919; landed at
New York. March 30. To Camp Mills for
ten days; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out at
Camp Dodge, April 14, 1919.

BATTEBN BUSSEII. VT.

Storm Iiake
Born May 22, 1898. Enlisted March 26, 1918.
Pvt. in Machine Gun Co., 48th C.A.C., 41st
Div. Trained at Fort Flagler and was sent
to Camp Eustis. Sailed from Newport News,
October 7, 1918; landed at Brest, October 20.
to St. Angiers; to La Charite; to St. Nazalre.
Sailed from St. Nazaire for the United States,
February 28, 1919; landed at Newport News,
March 13. To Camp Stewart; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge, March 26, 1919.

BEATTY, ROBERT S,
Storm I,ake

Born October 21, 1895. Enlisted December
5, 1917. Chief Quartermaster on U. S. S.
Lake Frances. Promoted from Seaman 2d-cl.
to Quarter Master 2d-cl., to Quarter Master
Ist-cl.. to Chief Quarter Master. Trained at
Municipal Pier, Chicago. Fourteen months con-
tinuous sea service overseas in France. Eng-
land. Ireland, Wales, Belgium and Holland.
Sailed for the U. S. from Cardiff, Wales,
August 28, 1919; landed New York, September
15, Mustered out September 29, 1919.

BEDARD, JOHN F.
Storm I^ake
Born May 8, 1888. Enlisted February 20, 1918.
Sergeant in Heavy Art., 54th C. A. C." Trained
at Boston, Massachusetts. Sailed for France
August 15. 1918, on U. S. S. Mongolia; landed
at St. Nazaire; to Angais; to Paris; to western
front on November 5; to Pymide until Feb-
ruary 15; to Brest. Sailed for the United
States from Brest on English ship Vedic, Feb-
ruary 22, 1919; landed at Boston, March 8, 1919.
To Camp Devens; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out at Camp Dodge, March 28, 1919.

BEI.CHEB, CAI.VIIT A.
Storm Iiake
Born February 16, 1892. Bnl. April 6, 1917.
Second Lieut. Co. D, 126th Mach. Gun Batt..
34 th Div. Trained at Ida Grove, Iowa, for
two months; transferred to Camp Cody for
ten months; to Camp Hancock; from July 15
to December 13, 1918. Promoted to Corp., to
sergt., to 2d lieut. Mustered out December
13, 1918.

BEI.SING, AI.VA J.
Fairfield Township

Born January 15, 1891. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. E, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge until August 7, 1918; to Camp
Mills, August 15. Sailed from Hoboken, Au-
gust 28, on the Scotia: landed at Liverpool,
September 2. To Southampton. Landed in
Prance September 3; to Cherbourg, Septem-
ber 4; to Champey, September 18; was sick
with Spanish influenza for three weeks; at
Fulaine, October 17 to October 20; to Alsace
sector, October 30; on Noveniber 10 started for
Metz, stopped at Francheville on November 29;
to Houdancourt on December 16; to Base Hosp.
No. 81 on account of rheumatism; December
30, back to Houdancourt; assigned back to
company, January 7, 1919; back to American
Base Hosp. No. 42 on account of mumps;
assigned to Casual Co. 1450 at St. Aignan,
January 24; to Brest, February 15. Embarked
at Brest on the U. S. S. Huntington. March
11; landed at Hoboken March 24. To Camp
Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out at
Camp Dodge. April 2, 1919.

BEI.DING, BENJAMIN F.
Marathon
Born September 14, 1886. Enl. July 11,

1917. Cook 2d-cl. on U. S. S Sierra. Trained
at Great Lakes Naval Training Station; served
from November 15, 1917, to February 10, 191S,
in the Panama Canal Zone; then transferred to
the receiving ship New York on March 3, 1919,
Promoted from fireman 3d-cl. to ship cook
4th-cl., to cook 2d-cl. Sailed from New York,
March 20, 1918; landed at Bordeaux, April 6,

1918. Sailed from Bordeaux for the United
States, April 6, 1919; arrived at New York,
April 17, 1919. Mustered out September 14,
1919.

BEI.Ii, WII.I.IAM SHERWOOD
Storm I<ake

Born June 19, 18SI8. Enl. October 1. 1918.
Pvt. Student Army Training Corps, Co. 2,
Sec. A, Iowa State College. Trained at Iowa
State College, Ames, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13, 1918.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA A'ISTA COUNTY

BEIiIiER, IiEO A.

Newell
Born August 6, ISai. Enl. July 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 306th Inf., 77th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York on
U. S. S. Plattsburg. August 29, 1918; landed
at Brest, September 12. 1918. To St. Georges;
to St. Aignan; to Centres; transferred to
77th Div. November 13; at Colomby; ordered
to Brest. Sailed from Brest, on transport
Mount Vernon. April 17, 1919; landed at New
York, April 25, 1919. Mustered out May 18,
1919.

BENGSTON, CABI. G.
Nokomis Township

Born March 3, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Corp. Co. D. 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon; transferred, December 29, 1918,
to Camp Dodge. Promoted to corp. October
2, 1918. Was in Officers' Training School.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge, January 10,
1919.

York, April 15, 1919. Edgar H. Benson was in
the bombardment at Durazzo, Albania, October
2. 1918, for three hours at the time that the
submarine chaser on which he was serving
was with the Italian Fleet and was honored
by the Italian Government. Mustered out at
New York, April 28, 1919.

BENSON, REUBEN I..
liincoln To'wnship

Born July 13. 1891. Enl. July 25, 1918. Pvt.
Co. K, 11th Inf., 5th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken
August 31 on the Leviathan; landed at Brest,
September 7, 1918. To Le Mans, trained
here for five weeks in the 33d Inf., 83d Div.;
to Nissville, near Verdun; quarantined for
measles for fourteen days in the 5 th Div.
Casual Camp; to Longvay, December 4, there
assigned to Company K, 11th Inf. 5th Div.;
to Esches, Luxemburg; to Shifflauge until
July 5, 1919; landed at Hobokt-n. July 20. To
Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
July 28, 1919.

BENNETT, IiEWIS KIF
Iiee Township

Born July 10. 1891. Enl. December 15. 1917.
Corp. in Headquarters Co., 60th Art., Coast
Art. Corps. Trained at Fortress Monroe. Pro-
moted from pvt. to Corp., February 1, 1919.
Left Newport News on U. S. S. Siboney. April
23, 1918; landed at Brest May 6. To Emilion,
July 21; to Camp de Louge, July 21 to Septem-
ber 4; left for front on September 5; arrived
at Toul. September 8; took part in St. Mihiel
drive from September 12 to September 16; to
Meuse-Argonne offensive and was in this offen-
sive from September iS to September 16;
spent month in training area. Sailed from
Brest, January 26, 1919, on R. M. S. Cedrlc;
arrived at New York, February 4, 1919. Dis-
charged at Camp Dodge, February 26, 1919.

BENSON, EDGAR H.

Alta
Born November 9, 1898. Enl. October 16.
1917. Radio operator. Trained at Great Lakes
Naval Training Station and at Radio School,
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Promoted from
seaman to radio operator. Sailed from Cam-
bridge, June 30, 1918, on U. S. S. Henderson —
caus:ht fire at sea — and finished trip across
on the LT. S. S. Von Steuben; landed at Brest,
France, July 7, 1918. Crossed France and Italy
to Corfu, Greece; worked on patrol line on
submarine chaser until the armistice was
signed; to Austria for thirty days; to Athens
for thirty days; to Gibraltar for three months.
Sailed for the United States; landed at New

BENSON, CONRAD FORREST

Alta,

Born December 29, 1897. Enl. June 4, 1918.
M. M. 1st cl. Naval Air Station, Washington,
D. C. Trained; G. L. N. T. S. ; at Washington,
D. C. Promoted from L. M. M. 2d cl. to
M. M. 1st cl. Mustered out at G. L. N. T. S.,
Septembier 9, 1919.

BENTLEY, GEORGE ADAM
Poland Township

Born May 30. 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D. 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon until October 4. Sailed from
New York on S. S. Cedric, October 23, 1918;
landed at Liverpool, November 8. Crossed
Channel to Le Havre, France, November 14.
To Coutras until February 21, 1919; trans-
ferred to Headquarters Co., 116th Ammunition
Train at Auge, March 12; sent to Hosp. No.
26 at St. Aignan; to Base Hosp. No. 69 at
Savenay, April 6. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on S. S. Matsonia, April 13; landed at New-
port News, April 24, 1919. Sent to United
States Gen. Hosp. No. 28 at Fort Sheridan
until May 2. Mustered out at Camp Dodge,
June 11, 1919.

BENTIEY, HOWARD DEIOS

Poland Township
Born August 28, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918,
Sergt. Military Police. Trained at Camp
Gordon until October 28; ordered to Camp
AVheeler until March 5, 1919. Mustered out
March 6, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

BERG, CABI, BAI,FH
Fairfield Township

Born March 20. 1895. Enl. February 25. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl.. -ISth Co., 20th Engineers. Trained
at Camp DoOge; ordered to American Univ..
Washington. D. C, and engaged in road and
bridge instruction. Sailed from Hoboken. May
22 on Leviathan; landed at Brest. May 30. To
Sen; to Sainte-Marie; June 18, ordered to
Vauxet; to Chantegrue in Lorraine sector;
left during the first oart of October for Baum-
le-Dames, and remained there until January 14,
1919; to Captieux, from January 9 to .Way
25. in march on convoy to Luxemburg and
Belgium; to Bordeaux. Sailed June 9, oa tiie
U. S. S. Ohio; landed at Philadelphia. Jun-i 21.
To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mu.stered out
at Camp Dodge. June 28. 1919.

Dodge. Mustered out at Camp Dodge. March
8, 1919.

BERTNESS, TORRIS H.

Barnes
Born October 11, 1889. Enl. August 20,
1918. Pvt. 5th Receiving Batt., 17th Co..
157th Depot Brigade. Trained at Camp Gor-
don, was in Physical and Bayonet Training
School, served from August 20 to September
23 with 157th Depot Brigade, with 6th inf.
Replm. Regt. from September 24 to December
29. with 3d Regt. Casuals from December 30,
191.S. to January 6. 1919. with 17th Co.. 5th
Receiving Batt., Depot Brigade from January 7
to January 20. Mustered out at Camp Dodge,
January 28, 1919.

BERGER, CARI, A.

Rembrandt

Born March 13. 18:i2. Enl. June 23 I9IS.
Pvt. in Headquarters Co., 350th Inf. Sth Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge; left Camp Dodge,
August 4 for service over.seas. Sailed from
Hoboken. August 11; landed in England,
August 25. Landed at Cherbourg. France!
August 29. Left Cherbourg for Semur for
six weeks' training. September 3; to Haute-
Alsace sector, October 7 to October 29; in Toul
sector, November 9 to 11; to Menaucourt.
November 27; left Menaucourt, May -26. 1919,
for St. Nazaire. Sailed from St. Nazaire.
May 19. on the transport Aeolus; landed at
Newport News, May 30. Left Newport New.<:-.
June 3 for Camp Dodge. Mustered out at
Camp Dodge, June 5. 1919.

BJORK, OSCAR EMII,
Fairfield Township

Born July 23, 1893. Enl. April 26. 1918. Pvt.
Co. D, 338th Mach. Gunners, 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge and Camp Upton. Promoted
to horseshoer. Sailed for overseas on the
Casmere. August 16; landed at Liverpool.
August 28. To Winchester; to Southampton;
to Cherbourg. France. September 1. To
Marigne; to Hericourt; to front Middle Alsace
from October 5 to October 20; to Bessan-
court; to Toul sector for thirty days; left,
November 29, for Gondecourt sector and re-
mained in this sector for seven months. Sailed
for the United States, May 22, 1919, on Nether-
land; landed at Newport News, June 4. To
Camp Dodge. Mustered out at Camp Dodge,
June 15. 1919.

BERGI.IMG, EMU, O.
Poland Township

Born September 16, 1S93. Enl. July 24, 191S.
Pvt. Headquarters Co., 112th Inf., 28th Div.
Trained nt Camp Gordon. Sailed from New
York, September 1. on Leviathan; landed at
Brest, September 7. Moved to Le Mans; to
Lamalou-Ies-Bains until October 1; to Vignot
until October 10; to front on St. Mihiel sector
until November 11, under shell fire for twenty-
six days; left front, November 25, for Boux-
ieres; to Le Mans. March 1, 1919. Sailed
from St. Nazaire, April 18, on U. S. S. Poca-
hontas; landed at Philadelphia, April 30. To
Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out at
Camp Dodge. May 18. 1919.

BERTNESS, RAYMOND I.

Barnes
Born October 27, 1896. Enl. September 5,
1918. Pvt. Co. 10, 3d Batt. Trained at Camp

BI.AND, WII.I.IAM R.
Storm Iiake

Enl. July 24. 1918. I'vt. Ist-cl.. Co. D. 316th
Inf., 79th Div. Trained at Camp Gordon for
one month; to Camp Merritt. Sailed, August
31; landed at Brest, September 12, 1918. To
rest camp for one week; to St. Georges, for
intensive bayonet drill for ten days; to front
lines, to relieve the 29th Div. and part of the
17th French Corps in the Meuse-Argonne sec-
tor; engaged in fighting in Meuse-Argonne
sector for three weeks up to the time that the
armistice was signed.

BI-EAELY, ROBERT MERWYN
Storm Iiake

Born December 2, 1898. Enl. October 1.
1918. Pvt. in Student Army Training Corps at
Iowa State College. Trained at Iowa State
College. Ames. Iowa. Mustered out December
20, 1918.

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA VISTA COUNTY

BIiOMBEBG, G-USTAF C.

Albert City
Born June 4, 1808. Enl. October 4, 1918.
Mechanic Co. B. Student Army Training Corps.
Trained at Modern Auto School, Spokane.
Wa.shinston, from October 16 to December 16.
Mustered out December 16. 1918.

BOESE, AI.FRED

Brooke
Born March 25, 1887. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. in 10th Co., 110th Regt., 35th Div. Sailed
overseas. Landed at New York, April 10,
1919. Mustered out May 2, 1919.

BI,OMGBEN, BARI. J.

Iiincoln To^wnsliip
Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt. Co. M. 163d Inf.,
41st Div. Trained at Camp Gordon in Co. D,
4th Replm. Regt. until August 25; ordered to
Camp Merritt, arrived there August 27. and
marched to Alpine landing. Sailed from New
York on the U. S. S. Plattsburg, August 30;
landed at Brest, Sejitember 12. Remained at
Napoleon's Fort until September 16; sent back
to Brest for guard duty in Officers' Casual
Camp; September 19. to classification camp;
September 22, to St. Georges, transferred to
Co. M, 163d Inf., 41st Div. and remained at St.
Georges until October 8; October 12, to Verdun,
in French billets near Verdun until October
24; wlien he was taken to classification hosp.
sick with gastro-enteritis; to Evacuation Hosp.
No. 6; to Base Hosp. No. 22 at Bordeaux on
October 27. at this hosp. on November 3 he
liecame sick witli Spanisli influenza and re-
mained there until November 26. Sailed on
transport U. S. S. Sierra at Bordeaux, Novem-
ber 26; landed at Hoboken, December 9. To
Base Hosp. at Camp Merritt until December
25; transferred to United States Army Gen.
Hosp. No. 21, and remained there until dis-
charged from service. Discharged April 18,
1919.

BI.OMQUIST, HARVIB E.

Poland ToTvnship
Born October 1, 1895. Enl. December 13,
1917. Pvt. 27 Balloon Co.. Aviation Branch
of the Army. Trained at Camp Morrison from
March. 1918, until July 1. 191S; to Camp Eustis
until November 1; back to Camp Morrison
until mustered out of the service. Mustered out
at Camp Morrison December 13, 1918.

BOATHAK, THOMAS I.E ROY
Barnes Township

Born January 14, 1896. Enl. February 25,
1918. Pvt. Co. I, 82d Div. Trained at Camp
Upton. Sailed overseas. Was in active serv-
ice; was wounded, returned to the United
States. Engaged in vocational study at Iowa
State College, Ames, Iowa.

BOETTCHER, CHBISTOFH

Grant Township

Born March 26, 1893. Enl. May 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 158th Inf., 40th Div. Trained at
Camp Lewis and Camp Kearney; transferred
to Co. 14. 4th Bat., 166th Depot Brigade at
Camp Lewis, and again transferred at Camp
Kearney to Co. A, 158tli Inf.

BOETTCRER, EUGENE VICTOR

Tmesdale

Born July 28, 1899. Enl. October 13. 1918.

Pvt. in Student Army Training Corps. Buena

Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered

out December 13. 1918.

BOETTCHER, FRED E.

Coon Township

Born July 20. 1894. Enl. July 24. 1918. Pvt.
Co. B, 316th Regt., 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon until August 25. Sailed from
Hoboken on U. S. S. Plattsburg, August 30;
landed at Brest, September 14. To St. Georges
until September 25; to Verdun sector until
October 5; to Meuse sector, Verdun front, in
offensive from October 28 until November 11;
left front and went to Revilles; to headquar-
ters at Le Hieppe. Decemijer 2S; niu\ed to
Orquevaux, April 1, 1919; to Classun, April
26; to St. Nazaire. May 15. Sailed from St.
Nazaire May 16, on the U. S. S. Texan; landed
at Philadelphia, May 29. To Camp Dix; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out at Camp Dodge
June 8, 1919.

BOI.EIT, JAMES
Iiee Township

Born December 11, 1889. Enl June 15, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 8th Div. of Motor Transport Corps.
Trained at Iowa State College from June to
August 13; at Valparaiso from August 15 to
October 1; at Fort Sheridan until October 20;
to Camp Mills. Sailed from the United States
on November 4, but returned on November 9,
when three days out. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge. February 12, 1919.

John H. Brailey
Storm Lake

Aaron Jolin Brandvold
Rembrandt

Karl \V. Bray
Sioux Rapids

Leo J. Brazel
Barnes Township

Everett B. Breig
Storm Lake

Arthur Berten Bi-evfogle Forrest McKinlev Brevfogle Merle Edwnrd Brevfo^le
Alta Alta Alta

Jotham M. Bristol
Marathon

Fred Bruhn
Storm Lake

Wiiie Bruiiinier
Grant Township

William F. Bryant
Sulphur Springs

Ijinn Orove

Klmer Bryngelson
Linn Grove

Francis Edward Bullard
Storm Lake

Curl ^,\'. Buman
Storm Lake

Edward C. Bumann Ernest E. Bumann Herman W, Bumann

Maple Valley Township Maple Valley Township Maple Valley Township

William V,'. Bumann
Maple Valley Township

Thomas G. Burcham
Storm Lake

Edwin E. Burke
Poland Township

Will A. Burke
Lee Township

Earl Q. Burkholder
Sioux Rapids

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

BORCHERSINe, HENRY THUOSORE
Maple Valley TownsMp

Born March 26, 1888. Enl. February 25,
1918. Corp. Co. E. 351st Inf., S8th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge. Sailed on the Scotian
from Hoboken, August 16; landed at Liverpool,
August 28. To Brockwood; to Camp Stony
Castle; landed at Cherbourg. France, September
3. To rest camp; to Paullenay on the morn-
ing of the 7th, billeted in an old castle which
•was built in 1554, after drilling there left on
September 14 for Champau for further drill;
went into lines October 19 in a quiet sector
near the Swiss border in Alsace-Lorraine; to
Belfort, billet in Chaux, just out of Belfort;
on the evening of November 10, started for
Argonne-Meuse front — not in action — arrived
at Francheville, near Toul, and remained there
until November 28; hiked to Houdelaincourt
for maneuvers and drills; to Lefaulz for con-
voy work into Germany; May 4, back to
Houdelaincourt; to Gondrecourt; to Avoys; to
St. Nazaire, May 18. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on V. S. S. Mercury, May 20; landed at
Newport News, May 31. To Camp Hill; to
Camp Dodge — paraded in Des Moines. Mustered
out at Camp Dodge, June 7, 1919.

ond trip for Bordeaux, out two days and re-
turned. Relieved from Bali and sent to re-
ceiving ship in New York from November 28,
1918. to May 9, 1919. Transferred to U. S. S.
Philippines transport until May 19, 1919. Dis-
charged from U. S. S. Philippines, May 19,
1919.

BOWERS, KARI. W.

Stonu Iiake

Born July 18, 1895. Enl. May 13, 1917. Pvt.
(sharpshooter) Co. A. .Sth Engineers (Mtd.).
Trained at Fort Logan May 15 to May 28;
ordered to Fort Bliss until August 25; re-
ported for duty on Mexican Border and partici-
pated in engagement against ViUistas near
Juarez. Chihuahua, June 15-17. 1919. Made
sharpshooter, May 20, 1919 — per J. 0.-3 — Head
quarters Co.. 8th Engineers. Mustered out
August 25, 1919.

BOYCE, inrLIiARD H.

Providence Township
Born October 20, 1892. Bnl. July 24, 1918.
Bugler, Co. C, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mustered out January 9, 1919.

BOSI.EY, CIiARENCE A.
Storm Ziake

Born January 28, 1896. Enl. June 4, 1917.
Pvt. Co. C. 315th Engineers. 90th Div. Formerly
Cook, Co. M, 168th Inf., 42d Div. Trained at
Cherokee, Iowa; to State Fair Grounds, Des
Moines, Iowa; to Camp Mills. Sailed for
France on President Grant, October 18, 1917;
returned to New York October 28; entered St.
Mary's Hosp. atl Englewood. New Jersey,
with pneumonia on November 8; left hosppital
December 20; to Camp Merritt; sailed for
France January 3, 191S, on U. S. S. Mercury;
landed at St. Nazaire, France, January 15. To
St. Aignan; to Berncastle. Germany; to Cob-
lenz; to St. Nazaire. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on the S. S. Alaskan; landed at New York,
June 15, 1919. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 26, 1919.

BOSI.OTTGH, IRA J.

Grant To'wnsliip
Born December 6, 1894. Enl. December 11,
1917. Yoeman Ist-cl., on U. S. S. Philippines.
Promoted to seaman 2d-cl., ■ to yeoman Ist-cl.
Trained at G. L. N. T. S. from December 15,
1917. to September, 1918. Went on Lr. S. S.
Bali September 9, 1918. Left the United States
from New York, September 16, 1918; landed
at Bordeaux. Returned on Bali and landed in
New Y'ork, November 11, 1918. Started sec-

BOYNTON, BRYANT B.
Sioux Rapids

Born May 16, 1896. Enl. May 28, 1918. Pvt.
Co. L, 352d Inf.. 88th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge from May 28, until August 9, 1918.
Sailed from New York, August 16. on S. S.
Ulysses; landed at Liverpool, August 28, 1918.
Crossed English Channel to Le Havre. Moved
to Lavazan; to Belfort, September 15: hiked
to Vezelois until October 1; moved to Rouge-
mont for one week; then to Camj) Norman; to
Lorraine front, October 15; held as reserve in
lines until November 1; returned to Belfort
until Noveinber 12; to Lucy, until November
20; sent to hosp. at Toul on account of foot
until November 30; moved to hosp. at Orleans;
at casual camp until December 30, 1918; to St.
Aignan; to Brest. Sailed from Brest on trans-
port Mount Vernon, March 3, 1919; landed at
New York, March 11, 1919. To Camp Merritt;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 21, 1919.

BOYNTON, QUINCY EDGAR

Sioux Rapids

Born January 17. 1894. Enlisted April 14,
1917. Quarter Master Ist-cl. (General). Pro-
moted from apprentice seaman to Quarter Mas-
ter Ist-cl. I general). Trained at Great Lakes
Naval Training Station from April 18-24, 1917;
at Naval Station. Algiers, Louisiana, from April

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

24, 1917, to June 9. 1917. Assigned to duty on
the U. S. S. Keai'sarge with the Atlantic fleet;
on duty with Signal Corps until March 1,
1918; transferred to General Quarter Master
and remained on duty with same ship until
June 3, 1919. Mustered out at Great Lakes
Naval Training Station, June 3, 1919.

BRADY, EDWARD F.

Scott Township

Born July 4, 1.888. Enlisted September 4.
1918. Private, unassigned. Medical Corps.
Trained at Fort Riley from September 5. 1918,
until February 1, 1919. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge, February 4, 1919.

BRADY, GEORGB N.

Scott Township
Born June 12, 1892. Enlisted April 26. 1918.
Corporal, Company E. 338th Machine Gunners,
88th Division. Trained at Camp Dodge; to
Camp Upton. Sailed from Hoboken on Kash-
mar, August 16; landed at Liverpool, August
28. To Southampton; to Cherbourg. To Mar-
rigney for two weeks; to Lucy; to Toul sector
when armistice was signed; to Metz; to Coure-
prits for five months: to St. Nazaire. Sailed
for the United States on May 22, 1919; landed
at Newport News, June 4. The king of the
Netherlands was on the ship on which he
sailed for the United States. To Camp Hill;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 15, 1919.

BRADY, JOSEPH VI.

Scott Township
Born February 15, 1884. Enlisted August 8,
1918. Private, Battery D, 2d Reg., Field Art.
Trained at Camp Taylor and Fort Logan (three
weeks). Mustered out at Camp Taylor, Decem-
ber 11. 1918.

BRADY, FKII.IF

Scott Township
Born August 12, 1888. Enlisted May 22, 1918.
Private Ist-cl., at Gen. Headquarters, Chau-
mont. France. Promoted from private to
private Ist-cl. Sailed from Hoboken, August
20, on Leviathan; landed at Liverpool, August
31, To Southampton; to Cherbourg. To Paris;
to Gen. Headquarters at Chaumont. Sailed from
Brest August 20, on Vaterland; landed at Ho-
boken, September 1, 1919. To Camp Dix. Mus-
tered out September 15, 1919.

BRAIIiEY, JACK H.

Storm Iiake

Born July 5, 1891. Enlisted April 10, 1917.
Cook, Battery B, 103d Field Artillery, 26th Div.
Trained at Camp Green during erection of that
camp; ordered to Camp Mills with the 147th
Field Artillery, 41st Div.; to Newport News
Remount Station. Sailed with four companies
of casuals on March 5, 1918, on the Northwest-
ern, a small passenger boat taken off the west
coast service; after rough trip reached Brest,
March 14, without convoy; after laying in har-
bor four days disembarked and proceeded to
Lacourtine. In April left for Lorraine-Toul
sector with the 103d Field Artillery. 26th Div.;
at Chateau-Thierry July 8 to August 4; rested
on banks of the Vesle river; to Chalbons until
August 20; arrived at St. Mihiel September 6,
taking up gun position September 10 to Sep-
tember 18; after advancing across No Man's
Land held position at St. Reny until October
3, fighting in battles of Meuse-Argonne and
Verdun: after armistice was signed went on
long hike back to Neufchatel; arrived at Le
Mans January 23, 1919; transferred to Military
Police Corps, serving in Paris until July 9,
1919; guarding prisoners at Tours until Sep-
tember 20; spent four days in Paris; w-orked
at Headquarters of Commandant of American
Forces in France until November 11, 1919;
assigned to convoying supplies to different
parts of France. Still in Paris when this rec-
ord was compiled.

BRAKE, EDWniT

Maple Valley Township

Enl. September 3, 1918. Pvt. Base Hosp. 1.
Trained: Camp Dodge; Camp Beauregard;
CaiTip Upton; Camp Merritt; Camp Lee.
Mustered out December 31, 2918.

BRAN-DVOIiD, AARON JOHN

Rembrandt

Born September 26, 1899. Enl. October 11,
1918. Pvt. in Student Army Training Corps.
Trained at Buena Vista College, Storm Lake,
Iowa. Mustered out December 13, 1918.

BBATTIN, THOMAS

Maple Valley Township

Born June 13, 1895. Enl. June 13. 1918. Pvt.
Bat. E, 338th Art., 88th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge. Went to Desnth, France. After the
armistice was signed was transferred to Mili-
tary Police. Wlas at Lorraine sector. Re-
turned to the United States about February 8,
on the U. S. S. Pocahontas. Mustered out at
Camp Dodge, February 27, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

BRAY, SARI. W.

Sioux Rapids

Born August 22, 18:i5. Kill. December 8. 1917.
Pvt. Co. 8, 41st Aerial Squadron. Trained at
Kelly Field and Camp Mills. Sailed from New
York, May 3, 1918; landed at Liverpool, May
16. To Winchester; to Salisbury; to Liver-
pool; to Calais. To Liverpool. Sailed from
Liverpool November 28; landed at New York,
December 11, 1918. Mustered out December 27,
1918.

BREia, EVEKETT B.
Storm Iiake

Born January 14. 1898. Enl. April 8, 1917.
Sergt. Co. B, 166th Regt., 42d Div. Trained
at Cherokee; to Camp Cody, left Co. K. 133d
Inf. at Camp Cody in June as Replm. Co. No.
3. Sailed from New York, June 28; landed at
St. Nazaire. July 10. Transferred to 162d
Inf., 41st Div., then to 42d Div. at Champagne
sector, July 14; to Chateau Thierry; to St.
Mihiel; to Verdun; to Meuse-Argonne; to
Sedan; to Coblenz, Germany; to Base Hosp. No.
36 for six weeks; to Toul for three weeks;
to Podensac; to Bordeaux. Sailed from Bor-
deau.K on Walter A. Luckenbach, March 6,
1919; landed at Camp Mills, March 18. At
Camp Mills for eighteen days; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out April 8, 1919.

BRUMMER, WII.I.IE J.
Grant Township
Born December 20, 1896. Enl. September 6.
1918. Pvt. in Quarter Master Corps, 163d
Depot Brigade. Trained at Camp Dodge from
September 8 to November 8, 1918; to Camp
Johnson from November 10 to January 10.
1919; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out January
11, 1919.

BREYFOGIiE, ARTHUR BERTEN

Alta
Born April 4, 1901. Knl. April 25, 1917.
Seaman on U. S. S. Welles. Promoted from
apprentice seaman to seaman. Trained at
G. L. N. T. S.; to Philadelphia; to New York.
Made four trips on S. S. Pioneer with armed
guard gun crew. First, second and third trips
were round trips touching at Liverpool. Le
Havre, Rouen, and then back to Plymouth;
fourth trip to Gibraltar, Algiers, Tunis, Brez-
erta. Island of Malta, and Gibraltar. Left
Gibraltar for New York on S. S. Pioneer;
landed at Bayonne, New Jersey; to Brooklyn;
at Brooklyn transferred to the U. S. S Gamble.
To Cuba; to Norfolk; to Boston; to Rockland,
Maine; to Boston to convoy President Wilson'.s
ship, the George Washington, into harbor; to
Norfolk: to Key West; to Cuba; to New York.

Transferred to U. S. S. Welles. Mustered out
August 30, 1919. On September 2, 1919, le-
enlisted for two years.

BREYFOGI.E, FORREST MCKINI.EY

Alta
Born January 2, 1900. Enl. October 11,
1918. Pvt. Student Army Training Corps.
Trained at Buena Vista College, Storm Lake,
Iowa. Mustered out December 13, 1918. Died
of scarlet fever October 2, 1919.

BREYFOGI.E, IIIIERI.E ECWARD

Alta
Born September 20, 1898. Enl. May 7, 1917.
seaman on U. S. S. Wisconsin. Promoted from
apprentice seaman to seaman. Trained at
Newport, Rhode Island; sent to receiving ship
at Boston; to New York; to U. S. S. Wiscon-
sin, general service on U. S. S. Wisconsin,
cruising on Atlantic Coast, the work of the
ship being to train naval men for service;
cruised in summer of 1919 for midshipman
training. Mustered out at G. L. N. T. S.,
August 3, 1919.

BRISTOIi, JOTHAM IM.

SSarathon
Born April 2, 1900. Pvt. Student Array
Training Corps. Trained at Buena Vista Col-
lege. Storm Lake. Iowa. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Mustered out December 13, 1918.

BROVTN, CI.AUDE E.

Hayes Township
Born June 2. 1892. Enl July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. C, 11th Regt. Marine Corps. Trained at
Paris Island. On September 15 ordered to
Quantico. September 29. sailed from Phila-
delphia on U. S. S. De Kalb; landed at Brest,
October 13. To Mehun; to Gievres on guard
duty; to Brest on July 15, 1919; to Camp Hosp.
No. 33, where he underwent an operation for
appendicitis. Sailed from Brest on U. S. S.
Agamemnon, August 10; landed at Hoboken,
August 18. To naval hosp. until August 24.
To Quantico, where he was mustered out on
September 13, 1919.

BRUKN, FRED
Storm Iiake

Born May 11. 1893. Enlisted July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl., Co. C, 316th Regt. 79th Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon and St. Georges,
France. Promoted from pvt. to pvt. Ist-cl.
To Camp Merritt. Sailed from New York on
the U. S. S. Plattsburg, August 29; landed

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

at Brest, September 13. To St. Georges for
training; to Verdun; in Meuse-Argonne offen-
sive; in Battle of Grande Montagne. Sailed
from St. Nazaire on U. S. S. Texan, May 16,
1919; landed at Philadelphia, May 29. To
Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out,
June 8, 1919.

Barracl\s. Sailed for France, November 12,
1917, on Madawaslva; landed at St. Nazaire.
To Issurtille; to Hosp. No. 119 at Saveney on
account of sinusitis. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on the Manchuria, May 11, 1919; landed at
New Yorli. May 21, 1919. To Camp Merritt; to
Fort Sheridan.

BRYANT, WUiIiIAM F.
Sulphur Springs

Born January 16, 1882. Knl. April 13, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Engineers, Railroad Reserve.
Trained at Municipal Pier, Chicago. Sailed
from New York, July 22, 1917, on R. M. S. St.
Louis; landed at Liverpool, August 1. To
Borden Camp, paraded in London August 15,
with 1st U. S. troops in London; to Le Havre,
France, August 17. To Chalons-sur-Marne
for two weeks; to Fleury-sur-Aire until April,
1919; to Marseilles. Sailed on U. S. S. Bel-
videre; landed at New York. April 28. To
Camp Merritt; to Chicago for Parade; to Camp
Grant. Mustered out May 12, 1919.

BRYNGEI-SON, CHABIiEY A.

Iiinn Grove
Born June 12, 1888. Enli.sted September 20,
1917. Pvt. Co. G, 26th Inf., 1st Div, Trained
at Camp Dodge and Camp Pike. From Camp
Pike to port of embarkation for overseas.
Sailed on June 12, 1918; landed in France
July 1. Arrived on front lines July 19, and
participated in drive known as the Second
Battle of the Marne; in St. Mihiel offensive
from September 12 to 16; in Meuse-Argonne
offensive from September 26 to November 11;
on Victory Hike through Germany from No-
vember 15 to December 20; crossed the Rhine,
December 13; remained with Army of Occupa-
tion until August 17, 1919. Sailed from France
August 23; landed at Hoboken, September 4.
Paraded in New York City and in Washington.
D. C, Was in service two years and four days;
overseas, fourteen months and sixteen days.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge, September 2-1,
1919.

BRYNGEIiSON, EI.MER
liinu Grove

Born January 13, 1893. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 211th Engineers. Trained at Camp
Forrest and at Camp Meade. Mustered out
January 17, 1919 .

BVCKINGKAM, RAY D.
Storm Iiake

Born July 14, 1892. Enl. September 5, 1917.
Pvt. Supply Co. 307th Regt., Quartermaster
Corps, Trained at Fort Logan; at Madison

BUIiIiARD, FRANCIS EDWARD
Storm I^ake

Born August 31, 1885. Enl. January 19. 1918,
Fireman Ist-cl. on U. S. S. Conner. No special
training after last enlistment, but had had
eight years previous service. Served on board
the U. S. S. Conner. Sailed from New York
for overseas on May 12, 1918; first port, the
Azores Islands; to Brest, where he was. sta-
tioned for the rest of his stay overseas, do-
ing convoy duty. Left Brest for the United
States on June 16, 1919; landed at New York,
June 26, 1919. Released from naval service on
Jul.v 7, 1919, subject to call in United States
Xaval Reserve Force. First enlistment Sep-
tember 7, 1907; discharged on December 2, 1915.
No real battle engagements. I)ut was in several
submarine attacks.

BUKAN, CARI. W.
Storm Ifake
Born September 28. 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. in inf. unassigned. Trained at Camp
Gordon, attended Non-Commissioned Officers*
Training Scliool. November 1, transferred to
Camp Shelby. Recommended for promotion to
sergt. Mustered out December 30, 1918.

BUMANN, BDWARD C.
Maple Valley Township

Born September 14, 1894. Knl. September 9.
1917. Musician Headquarters Co., 78th Field
Art., 6th Div. Trained at Fort Logan for five
weeks, in the 24th Co. Band Barracks; ordered
to Fort Riley October 21, 1917, at this camp
the 20th Cavalry originated from the old 13th
Cavalry which was in service on the Mexican
border and he was stationed there with the
cavalry outfit for two weeks; sent to Camp
Lrigan. Texas, for six months and was with
the 7Sth Field Art.; to Camp Doniphan; to Fort
Sill, May. 1918, trained here until July 3; to
Camp Mills, July 4. Sailed for Liverpool,
England, July 13; landed July 26, 1918. To
rest camp at Knotty Ash; to Winchester; to
Southampton; crossed the English Channel and
landed at Le Havre. In box cars to Vercel;
was billeted at Vercel for seven weeks; hiked
to Camp Valhadon and camped there for six
weeks; to Liffol-le-Grande; was in reserve for
the front lines at the time that the armistice

William H. BurSman George C. Burkmeister

Wasliington Townsliip Grant Township

William Karp Burns
Storm Lake

Jerry D. Carey
Storm Lake

John R. Carey
Storm Lake

Ernest O. Carlsen
Elk Township

Arthur Carlson
Albert City

Arthur Carlson
Fairfield Township

Carl Gerhard Carlson
Albert City

Carl SiK'H'l < "arlson
Alta

Oscar Carlson
Fairfield Township

Richard Arthur Carlson
Alta

Adolph Carstensen
Newell

(.'liai'les I 'arsit-nsen
Newell

Acey Caskey
Sioux Rapids

Bufonl H. CasUey
Lincoln Township

Henry C. Caskey
Sioux Rapids

Donald E. Castle
Alta

Francis E. Castle Matthew A. Cavanaugh

Alta Storm Lake

Lester Henry Challand
Storm Lake

Gerald W. Chaney
Newell

Osborp'- M. Chaney
Newell

Lyell A. Chapman
Storm Lake

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

was signed; hiked on December 6, for a
week's hike to Baigneux-le-juifs where he re-
mained from December 13 to the middle of
January; left company on account of sick-
ness on April 6, 1919; sent to Camp Hosp.
No. 48 at Recy for ten days; to Base Hosp.
No. 103 for four days; evacuated to Hosp.
Center at Saveney; to Base Hospital No 113
for one week; sent to camp near Brest for
twelve days. Sailed from Brest, May 6;
landed at Hoboken, May 16. Sent to Base
Hosp. at Camp Merritt until June 14; sent
to Gen. Hosp. No. 29 at Fort Snelling for an
operation. Mustered out July 24, 1919.

BUMANN, ERNEST E.
Maple Valley Township
Born September 10, 1891. Enl. January 20,
1918. Musician 3d-cl., Headquarters Co.. 350th
Regt.. 88th Div. Promoted from pvt. to musi-
cian 3d-cl. Trained at Camp Dodge; trans,
to Camp Upton. Sailed overseas on S. S. Delta.
Trained at Semur, France, for five weeks; at
Chagny for three weeks; to Alsace front; re-
lieved the 29th Division; then trans, to a
point near Toul for three weeks; to Menon-
court; took tour in Southern France; returned
to Menoncourt for three months; played for
the sick and the wounded at Toul for one
week; sent to the Le Mans area; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed on the Aeolus; landed at
Newport News. To Camp Dodge. Was with
the 350th Inf. Band all of the time that he was
in the service. Mustered out at Camp Dodge.
June 5, 1919.

BUMANN, HERMAN' K.
Maple Valley Township
Born April 6, 1897. Enl. September 5. 1918.
Pvt. Motor Transportation Trucks Corps.
Trained at Camp Dodge for two months; trans-
ferred to Fort Sam Houston for one month; to
Camp Normoyle for one month; si^nt )»ack to
Fort Sam Houston for one month; to Chicago
Municipal Pier, two weeks; transferred to
Brenan School for six weeks, for service in
Motor Transportation Trucks Corps, garage
work. Mustered out March IS, 1919. at Brenan
School.

BUMANN, WII.I.IAM W.
Maple Valley Township
Born March 12, 1890. Enl. December 15,
1917. Musician, 15th Cavalry Troop. Trained
at Denylas. Arizona, for one and one-half
months; transferred to Camp Merritt. Sailed
for France from Hoboken, March 14, 1918;
landed at Brest, March 26, 1918. Regt. was
split up on landing and sent to several re-
mount stations, taking horses to different

fronts; from March to January 1, 1919, he
was engaged in this work; entire regiment
was released from remount duty and trans,
to military police duty for si.x months. Sailed
from St. Nazaire, June 8, on Pammusun;
landed at New York, June 19, 1919. To Camp
Mills; all members of the band were then
trans, to Fort D. A. Russell; then trans, to
Camp Grant. Mustered out July 9, 1919.

BURCHAM, THOMAS a.
Stortu Ziake

Born April 17, 1X91. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 361st Regt., 91st Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon for six weeks; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed overseas on America, Septeml)er 4;
landed at Brest, September 14, To rest camp
three days; to Lunery for tw'o weeks; to
Rulaire, Belgium; to Odenahr; to Flanders
front; was at front until armistice was
signed; moved back to St. Martin and re-
mained there from December 1 to March 20,
1919: to St. Nazaire. Sailed from St. Nazaire
April 3; landed at New York April 14. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge Mustered out
at Camp Dodge April 26, 1919.

BURGETT, KENNETH I..
Newell

Born August 10, 1898. Enlisted October 18,
1918. Pvt. Co. G, Student Army Training
Corps. Trained at Iowa State University,
Iowa City, Iowa. Mustered out December 21,
1918.

BURKE, EDWIN E.
Poland Township
Born August 23, 1898. Enl. January 14,
1918. Wagoner, Aviation (Army) in Motor
Headquarters Dei)ot, 104th Ammunition Train,
29th Div. Trained at Camp McClellan for two
weeks; at Kelly Field from February to May
1, 1918. Promoted from pvt. to wagoner, July,
1918. Sailed from Hoboken, June 29; landed
at Gilburg, July 21, 1918. To Cherbourg. To
Poitiers one month for training; to Camp de
Mencon from August 25 until November 9; to
Jussy until March 10, 1919; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed from St. Nazaire on S. S. Fairfax,
May 11; landed at Newport News, May 21.
To Camp Mills four days; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out May 27, 1919.

BURKE, Willi.

Iiee Township
Born August 6, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Marine Corps. Started to Paris Island
for training but was called back to Cincinnati,
Ohio. Mustered out at Chicago, November 14,
1918.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

BUREKOI-DER, EARI. Q.

Sioux Rapids

Born December 28. 18'.i5. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 316th Inf., 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon from July 27 until August 24.
Sailed from Hobol<en on U. S. S. Platt.sburg,
August 30; landed at Brest. September 12. To
St. Georges for two weeks; moved to a position
near Verdun until October 20; received an in-
jury in his left foot while hilling to lines;
sent to Base Hosp. No. 43 at Blois, and re-
mained there until November 2.^; to St. Aisrnan
as a casual: to St. Nazaire. Sailed on S. S.
Finland from St. Nazaire, December 28;
landed at Newport News January 9, 1919. To
Camp Hill until January 19; to Camp Dodge,
arrived January 22. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge, January 29, 1919.

BURKKAN, VrrLIiIAM H.

'W'asliing'ton Tcwuship
Born January 20, 1895. Enl. May 28. 1918.
Corp. Bat. A, 337th Field Art.. SSth liiv.
Trained at Camp Dodge, left Camp Dodge for
Camp Mills. Promoted from pvt. to corp.
Sailed from New York, August 18. Landed at
New York, on return from overseas, January
19, 1919; sent to the U. S. with Casual Detach-
ment No. 51. Mustered out January 31, 1919.

BUSBY, RAY
Storm Iiake

Born November 21. 1891. Enlisted Septem-
ber 7, 1918. Pvt. Co. E, 161st Inf., 41st Dlv.
Trained at Camp Gordon. Sailed overseas,
October 26, 1918; landed at Liverpool, Novem-
ber 4, 1918.

CAREY, JERRY D.
Storm Iiake

Born February 24. 1896. Enl. April 7, 1917.
Corp. Co. Headquarters, 168th Regt.. 42d Div.
Promoted from pvt. to corp. April 1, 1919.
Trained at Cherokee, Iowa; to Des Moines,
Iowa; to Camp Mills. Sailed from New York
on U. S. S. President Grant. October 18,
1917; returned to port, October 28; sailed again
on English transport. November 14; landed at
Liverpool. To Winchester; to Southampton;
to Le Havre. To Langres; to Baccarat; en-
tered line of fighting at Baccarat in Luneville
sector. February 22; to Lorraine front; to
Champagne. July 1; to Chateau-Thierry, July
22 to August 5; to St. Mihiel, September 12;
to Argonne, October 12; to Sedan, on the line
when the armistice was signed; went to Ger-
many to become a part of the Army of Occu-
pation at Nieder Breisig; left Germany for
Brest, March G, 1919. Sailed from Brest on
V. S. S. Leviatlian, April 18; landed at New
York April 26. To Camp Upton to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out May 16, 1919.

BTTRMEISTER, G-EORGE C.

Grant Township

Born May 29, 1895. Enl. January 3. 1918.
Pharmacist's Mate 3d-cl., Hosp. Corps. Trained
at G. L. N. T. S. for thirteen months; trans,
to Chelsea Naval Hosp.; to Ammunition Depot.
Hingham. Massachusetts; to U. S. S. Delaware;
on February 16, 1919, sailed from Boston to
Cuba; to Martinique; to Fort de France; to
Tangiers Sound for battle practice; trans, to
U. S. S. Rhode Island; to San Francisco by
way of Panama Canal; detained at Balboa
thirty days on account of broken propeller
shaft, then proceeded to San Francisco with
one propellei". Mustered out at St. Louis, Sep-
tember 22, 1919.

BURNS, WII.I.IA]yi EARF

Storm I^ake

Born November 23. 1888. Enl. October 28,

1918. Second Lieut., Sanitary Corps. Trained

at Yale Army Laboratory School. Mustered

out December 20, 1918.

CAREY, JOHN R.

Storm Iiake
Born December 18, 1891. Attended Second
Reserve Officers' Training Corps at Fort Snel-
ling in 1917, and was given an honorable dis-
charge for physical disability. Enlisted June
12. 1918. Pvt., Central Headquarters Co. of
Tank Corps. Trained at Gettysburg, Pennsyl-
vania, and at Tobyhanna. Pennsylvania. Sailed
from New York on R. M. S. Orenteo, September
25. 191S; landed at Liverpool October 8. To
Southampton; left Southampton for Cherbourg,
October 10; landed at Cherbourg. October 11.
Trans, to 1st Provisional Depot Co. Tank
Corps and convoy work between tank center
at Varrennes; trans, to 302d Center Casual
Detachment on November 13 in order to Join
"Tank Corps Follies" which toured nearly all
American camps for the entertainment of sol-
diers; trans, to 302d Center Headquarters on
March 1, 1919; left Bourg on March 8; to St.
Nazaire, March 11. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on U S. S. Philippines, March 20; landed at
New York, April 3. In tank parade in New
York City. To Camp Meade, April 12; paraded
in Washington, D. C, and Baltimore; to Camp
Grant. Mustered out April 23, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

CABI.SEN, ERNEST O.

Elk Townsliip

Born January 11, ls:)3. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 316th Inf., 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon in 4th Replm. Regt. for 6 weeks;
to Camp Merritt. Sailed from Newport News,
August 29, on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed at
Brest September 12. Trans, to 132d Iiif. at
St. Georges, trained here for three weeks;
trans, to Co. 305, Military Police, 79th Div.;
two weeks afterwards was transferred to Co.
E, 31Cth Inf., 79th Div.; Joined the 316th Inf.
north of Verdun; was wounded in Verdun
sector November 4; sent to Base Hospital No.
900; four months in Southern France; joined
Co. E., 316th Inf., south of Verdun: to \V;ily;
to St. Nazaire. Sailed from St, Nazaire, May
17, 1919. on U. S. S. Texan; landed at Phila-
delphia, May 30. To Camp Dix; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

CABI.SON, ARTHUR

Albert City
Born February 10. 1SS7. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York on the
U. S. S. Plattsburg, September 1, 1918; landed
at Brest, September 13. Sent to Fort Napo-
leon; to St. George, where he left the inf. and
was transferred to the General Headquarters
at Valbonne, Aisne; to Clamecy; to Le Mans
Rifle and Pistol Camp. Sailed from Brest,
July IS. 1919. on the F. J. Luckenbach.
Mustered out August 8, 1919.

CARI.SON, ARTHUR C.

Fairfield Township

Born January 9, 1897. Enl, September 13,
1917. Pvt. Mach Gun Co., 61st Regt., 5th Div.
Trained at Fort Logan; to Gettysburg, Penn-
sylvania; October 5, to Camp Greene; April
9. to Camp Merritt. Sailed overseas, April 16
on the Czar; landed at Brest, April 28. To
Bar-sur-Aube; to camp near Gerardmer; to
front lines in Colmer sector; in Vosges Moun-
tains; to Locud sector; to St. Die sector until
October 23; to St. Mihiel sector; ordered
south of Tou! to Montfaucon; in Argonne
Forest, in attack from October 12 until Octo-
ber 22; to Malincourt, October 27; in attack
southwest of Brielles. took Dun-sur-Meuse, and
remained there until November 11; to Radauge,
Luxemburg; to Brest. Sailed from Brest on
Aquatanion, July 13, 1919; landed at Camp
Mills, July 20. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out July 28. 1919.

CARIiSON, CARIi GERHARD

Albert City

Born March 7, 1891. Enlisted June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. 1, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp Mills. Sailed on
Gueleses, August 16; landed at Liverpool.
To Southampton; to Cherbourg. Trained at
Hancourt for 'twenty days; in line at Belfort
front until October 29; back to Belfort for
eleven days; to Toul until November 30; to
Hudailcourt until May 10; to Le Mans area;
to San Husain; to port of embarkation. Sailed
May 20, 1919; landed at Newport News. To
Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 7, 1919.

CARI.SON, CARI. SIGURD

Alta
Born November 21, 1897. Enl. September 20.
1917. Pvt. Co. C, 168th Inf., 42d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge for two months; to Camp Cody
for eight months; to Camp Merritt. Sailed
from New York June 28, 1918; landed at Glas-
gow. Crossed England by train; crossed Chan-
nel to Le Havre. In Aisne-Marne offensive
July 26 to August 6; in St. Mihiel offensive
September 12 to September 16; in Meuse-Ar-
gonne offensive September 26 to November
11; after armistice was signed went with
Army of Occupation to Ramagen,. Sailed
from Brest in April. 1919; landed in United
States in April, 1919. To Camp Mills; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out May 12, 1919.

CARI.SON, GOTTFRIED R.

Newell
Born July 25. 1890. Enl. April 6, 1917.
First Sergt. Co. H. 168th Inf., 42d Div.
Trained at Sioux City, Iowa. Sailed from New
York on U. S. S. President Grant, October
6; returned on October 13, on account of dis-
abled ship; sailed again on H. M. S. Baltic,
November 1 ; landed at Liverpool, November
11. To Southampton on November 15; to Le
Havre. To Langres; to Baccarat sector until
May 17, 1918; went over the top in six major
engagements; to Champagne front from May
23 until July 19; fought in Champagne offen-
sive; to Chateau-Thierry from July 23 to July
29. advancing all of these six days; wounded
at Sergy on July 29; sent to First Aid Sta-
tion No. 105; to Base No. 26; Convalescent
Camp at St. Goraine; to Langres as an in-
structor in infantry at army school; recalled
and joined regt. for Argonne drive for 19 days
until November 11; sent to Tours to check
records; back to regt. March 23, 1919. Sailed
with 42d Div. convalescents on Mercia, April
26; landed in the United States May 7. To
Camp Upton and waited for regiment to arrive.
Mustered out May 19, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

CAKLSON, OSCAR

Fairfield To'wuship
Born August 27, 1891. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 350th Inf., 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp Upton. Sailed on Delta,
Augu.st 11; landed at London, August 25. To
<_'ainp Woodlej'; to Southampton; to Cheriiourg.
To .Semur; trained at Hericourt; to Alsace front
about tliree weel^s; was on way to Metz when
tlie armistice was signed; to Malancourt five
months; to Saint Husani. Sailed on U. S. S.
Asleus, May 19, 1919; landed at Newport News
May 30, 1919. Mustered out June 5, 1919.

CARIiSON, RICHARD ARTHUR

Alta
Born November 24. 1894. Enl. August 28,
1918. Private Auxiliary Remount Depot 323.
Trained at Camp Funston, Co. 14, 164th Depot
Brigade, from August 28 to October 11; to
Auxiliary Remount Depot 323 from October 11
to May 14, 1919. Mustered out May 14, 1919.

CARSTENSEN', ADOI.FH

Newell
Born December 17, 1892. Enl. June 24, 1918.
Fireman on U. S. S. Beaver. Trained at G. L.
N. T. S. Did service in Canal Zone. Patrol
duty on U. S. S. Beaver. Mustered out July 5,
1919.

CARSTEKSEN, CKARI.ES

Ne-well
Born August 10, 1895. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Sergt. Co. B, 214th Engineers. 14th Div. Trained
at Camp Forrest three months; to Camp
Custer. Promoted from pvt. to sergt. In inf.
training, bridge construction, and pontoon
worli. Mustered out February 11, 1919.

CASKEY, BT7FORD H.

Xiincoln Township

Born November lli. 1S9(1. Knlistod July 11,
1918. Seaman 2d-cl., Co. 7, 4th Regt. Trained
at G. L. N. T. S. from July 23 to August 31,
191S; to Bremerton Navy Yard; assigned to
U. S. S. West Maximus, January 15, 1919.
Mustered out January 23, 1919.

30; landed at Brest September 14. Sent to
hosp. at St. Bruic until October 15; returned
to Brest and joined a casual co.; moved to Le
Mans on rifle range until October 25; to Conlie;
to Toul sector but did not get to front, was in
Toul sector until November 17; hilled to
Choilley. November 25 and remained there until
March 15, 1919. Sailed from Bordeaux on the
Antonio Lopez, May 1 ; landed at New Yorl<. To
Camp Upton; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
May 26, 1919.

CASKEY, HENRY C.

Sioux Rapids
Born March 20, 1898. Enl. April 20, 1917.
Seaman in Navy. Trained at G. D. N. T. S. five
days; to Navy Yard. Portsmouth, New Hamp-
shire until July 6, 1917; for ship training was
sent to battleship Nebraslia. July 8. 1917, re-
mained on ship two and one-half montlis; to
Norfolli. September 21; on S. S. Monplace,
December 1; left on first trip December 3. 1917;
made four trips between Norfoll< and Bordeaux
and between Norfolli and Nantes. Mustered
out August 9, 1919.

CASTI.E, DONAI.I) E.

Alta
Born February 23, 1896. Enl. May 23, 1917.
Musician Ist-cl. in the G. L. N. T. S. Batt.
Band. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. Promoted
from 2d-cl. to Ist-cI. musician. Mustered out
March 1, 1919.

CASTI,E, FRANCIS E.

Alta

Born September 23, 1896. Enl. July 17. 1918.
Seaman on U. S. S. Astoria. Trained at G. L.
N. T. S. for 2 months; trans, to Philadelphia;
to New Y'orlv; to Louisville for two'weel^s; to
Brooklyn. Trans, to U. S. S. DeKalb; sailed to
Brest. Trans, to the destroyer Worthington;
sent to Plymouth, England; to Cardiff, Wales;
to Barry, Wales. Trans, to the U. S. S. Astoria;
sailed to St. Nazaire, France; sent back to
Barry, Wales; to Queenstown, Ireland; to
Azores Island; to Norfollv, Virginia; to Ports-
mouth, New Hampshire. Ordered to G. L. N.
T. S. to be mustered out. Mustered out August
16, 1919.

CASKEY, ISAAC
Sioux Rapids

Born May 18, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. P, 325th Inf., 82d Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon from July 25 to August 25. Sailed
from Hoboken on U. S. S. Plattsburg, August

CAVANAVG-H, MATTHEW A.

Storiu liake
Born February 15, 1892. Enl. July 27,
1918. Sergt. Headquarters Co.. Gen. Head-
quarters American Expeditionary Forces,

Julian N. Cheney
Newell

Alfred O. Christensen
Elk Township

Chris A. Christensen
Xewell

Chris M. Christensen
Newell

\^m^ *

Clara Eugenie Christensen Clarence P. Christensen
Sioux Rapids Newell

David Christensen
Newell

Gus A. Christensen
Sioux Rapids

Jens Mathiesen Christensen Carl Emil Chrlstenson O. Aron Christensen

Newell Sioux Rapids Sioux Rapids

Victor Christenson
Sioux Rapids

Victor Christenson Morris Edj^ai" Tiiristian Isaac Martin Christianson

Sioux Rapids Alta Remlirandt

Glenn S. Claiiaugh
Sioux Rapids

DeLoss \V. Clark
Newell

K;dric Fo5s C'arli William ilcKinley Clark Harley H. Claus

Alta Alta Sioux Rapids

Carl G. G. Clement Jesse Artiuir Cleveland

Fairfield Township Linn Grove

uscar Cleveland
Barnes Township

it-mgi- liicliaid t^'oakley
Storm Lake

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Chaumont. France. Trained at Camp Gordon,
assigned to Co. D, 4th Replm. Inf. Regt.; pro-
moted to Co. Clerk on October 19 and trans, to
Co. 22 as Special Duty Man; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed from New York, October 26; landed
November 8. On arrival in France, assigned to
Co. C, Gen. Headquarters American Expedition-
ar.v Forces, at Chaumont. Arrived at New
York, June 25, 1919. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out July 3, 1919.

CHAI.I.AND, I.i:STER HENBT
Storm Iiake
Born January 23, 1894. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. 45, 20th Engineers. Trained at
Camp Dodge with Co. E, 351st Inf., 88th Div.;
ordered to Camp, American University, Wash-
ington, D. C. ; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from
Hoboken on the President Lincoln, May 10,
1918; landed at Brest, May 23. Set out for rest
camp three miles from Brest; May 31 started
for front, but were switched off at Bazoilles.
thirty kilometers from front and put to work
in the woods cutting wood and remained there
until August 5: to Rennes. August 9, pitched
tents and worked on a sawmill and four kilo-
meters of railroad; left for Grancourt Septem-
ber 20; arrived at Grancourt, September
24, worked in stone quarry night and
day, could see airplanes and hear the roar of
guns about twenty kilometers away, remained
at this place until November 3; trans, then
from Co. D, 72d Engineers to the 45th Co.. 20th
Engineers; left Grancourt for St. Maurice,
November 3, worked making a sawmill and
tearing down a sawmill until after the armis-
tice was signed; left for Lamarche, December
1; arrived at Lamarche DfCember 2, worked
in woods and sawmill until January 13, 1919;
to Bordeaux, worked in woods logging; May
13, left Ponteraz; to Bordeaux. Sailed from
Bordeaux on Luckenbach, May 17; landed June
1. Mustered out June 9, 1919.

CKANEY, CARI.TON I..

Newell
Born April 18, 1892. Knl. June 23, 1918. Pvt.
Coast Art. Trans, to Paymaster, Quarter
Master, on account of physical disability.
Trained at Fortress Monroe. Mustered out
February 12, 1918.

CHANEY, GEBAXD W.

Newell

Born October 5. 1894. Enl. July 24, 191S.
Sergt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon; attended a Non-Commissioned
Officers' School. Promoted from pvt. to sergt.
Mustered out December 24, 1918.

CHANEY, OSBORNE M.
Newell

Born March 13, 1S90. Enl. May 25. 191S. Pvt.
Ist-class. Concentration Brigade, 820th Aero
Squadron. Trained at Austin. Texas, Ground
School. With Examining Board at Kelly Field
Promoted to pvt. Ist-cl. Mustered out January
25. 1919.

CHAPMAN, I.YEI.I. A.
Storm Ziake

Born August 1, 1887. Enl. September 5, 1917.
Second Lieut., Co. M, 126th Inf., 32d Div.
Promoted from pvt. to sergt., November 9,
1917; to 2d lieut., June 1, 1918. Trained at
Camp Dodge and Camp Pike; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed overseas, August 24; landed at Liver-
pool, September 4. To Southampton. Septem-
ber 4; to Le Havre, France, September 7. To
St. Aignan, September 11; assigned to 32d Div.,
September 16 at Joinville; September 21 to
Camions; to Bois de Lavois to reserve line,
September 26; September 30 to front line west
and north of Montfaucon; captured Lagrange
farm: to Gesnes; to Cierges; relieved October
7. by 125th Inf. coming into support position;
to Base Hosp. No. 45 at Beaune; rejoined regi-
ment at Bois de Montfaucon, November 3;
moved to Breheville in support of the 5th
Div. on November 10; relieved the 5th Div. on
November 13; started for the Rhine on Novem-
ber 16; entered Germany, December 13; located
at Rengsdorf; December 28 moved to Weiss
until April 20; to Brest. Sailed from Brest,
May 15 on the Imperator; landed at New-
York, May 28; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
at Camp Dodge, June 11, 1919,

CHENEY, JULIAN N.
Newell

Born June 2, 1899. Enl. October 4. 1918. Pvt.
Student Army Training Corps. Trained at
Buena Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa.
Mustered out December 13, 1918.

CHRISTENSEN, AlPRED O.
Elk TowmsMp
Born March 2. 1895. Enl. June 26, 1918. Pvt.
Co. B, 349th Inf., 88th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge for eight months; trans, to 19th Div.
Supply Train; was in 88th Div. for one month
and was then trans, to 163d Depot Brigade;
then trans, to above named supply train; to
Detroit, Michigan, for convoy work between
Detroit and Chicago for three weeks; from
Chicago sent back to Camp Dodge; then to
Camp Lewis for mustering out. Mustered out
February 26, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

CHRISTENSEN, CKARI.Ii: J.
Slk Township

Born Marcli 19, isxr,. [•:,,]. August 6. HUs.
Pvt. Ist-cl,. H Troop. IJth Cav. Enl. at Chicago
as pvt. in cav. replm. outfit: trained at Jeffer-son
Barracks for two months: trans, to Pamma.
Illinois, to Regular Army. H Troop. 12th Cav..
here he was promoted to pvt. Ist-cl. and was
in training at this cav. post for eight months;
to Camp Grant. Mustered out June 3, 1919.

CKRISTENSEN, GTJS A.
Sioux Rapids

Born December 4. 18;i4. Enl. April 21. 1917.
Baker Ist-cl., on U. S. S. Texi^s and U. S. S.
North Dakota. Trained at Great Lakes Naval
Training Station. Promoted from baker 3d-cl.
to haker Ist-cl. Service cruising in south sea
waters: served seven months on board the
U. S. S. Texas and on the U. S. S. North
Dakota — the first dreadnaught to pass through
the Panama Canal.

CHRISTENSEM', CHRIS M.
Newell

Born March 19, 1889. Enl. June 25, 1918. Pvt.
Co. K. 5th Replm. Inf. Trained at Camp
Gordon.

CHRISTENSEN, CHRIS A.
Newell

Born October 30, 1886. Enl. Jul.v 7. 1917.
Mechanic, Co. B. 42d Regt.. 12th Div. Trained
at Fort Logan: Fort Douglas: Camp Dodge.
On guard duty at Tocahoe, New Jersey, from
March 25. 191S, to July 4, 1918: in Camp
Devens until November 25: in Camp Upton
until June 14, 1919. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge, June 16, 1919.

CHRISTENSEN, CIiARENCE P.

Newell

Born December 18. 1893. Enl. December
10, 1917. Mechanic, Co. 312, Aero Squadron.
Trained at Fort Logan, Kelly Field, Camp
Hempstead, Brooklyn, Paris Institute, at Me-
chanics School, St. Paul, at Washington, D.
C. and Bowling Field. Mustered out Septem-
ber 2. 1919.

CHRISTENSEN, (Miss) CI.ARA EVGENIE

(Nurse)

Sioux Rapids

Born December IS. 1892. Trained at Camp

Taylor in United States Army Nurse Corps.

Mustered out December 19, 1918.

CHRISTENSEN, DAVID
Newell

Born May 7, 1895. Enl. June 15, 1918. Musi-
cian Ist-cl. Headquarters Co.. Military B:ink.
Motor Trans. Corps. Trained at Training
Dept., Ames State School, Valparaiso, Indiana,
promoted to musician first-class. Mustered
out December 21, 1918.

CHRISTENSEN, JENS MATHIESEN
Newell

Born August 4. 1890. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. B. 9th Inf., 2d Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon with Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt.
Sailed from Hoboken, September 14, on the
English ship Olympic: landed at Southampton,
September 21. Stayed in England until Sep-
tember 30; crossed the English Channel and
landed at Le Havre, October 1. Went through
the camp at Le Mans; ordered to La Bazon to
Co. B, 49th Inf., trained with them for two
weeks; left on the 17th of October to join the
5th Div. on Meuse-Argonne front: sent to Co.
E, 11th Inf., was in reserve from October 25 to
the night of November 4; crossed the Meuse
river on the morning of the 5th and went for-
ward until the signing of the armistice; on
November 15, transferred to Co. C, 23d Inf., 2d
Div.; made the hike to Vallander on the Rliine,
Germany, arriving there December 20, 1918;
billeted at Vallander on the Rhine until April
10. 1919; transferred to Co. B, 9th Inf„ 2d
Div.. stationed at Bendorff at that time, but
moved on April 19, to the outpost line of the
American Zone, vacated by the 32d Div.; at
Stiemel; to Westewald until July 15, when he
left for Brest. Reached Brest, July 19. Sailed
on the U. S. S. Princess Matoka. July 23; landed
at Hoboken, August 1. To Camp Merritt;
paraded with the 2d Div. in New York, August
8; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out August 14,
i;il».

CHRISTENSEN, JOHN

Newell
Born November 11, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at Camp
Gordon and at Camp Dodge. Mustered out Jan-
uary 9, 1919.

CHRISTENSEN, OI.E J.
Providence Township

Born January 25. 1891. Enl. March 7, 1918.
Mechanic, Co. 3, Coast Art. Trained at St.
Louis, near Jefferson Barracks: on Mai'ch 25,
ordered to Fort Moultrie. Mustered out May
9, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

CHRISTENSEN, WAJCTER

Scott Toxmship
Born July 23, 1889. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. 1st Train. Batt. Engineers. Trained at
Camp Forrest for five months; transferred to
212th Engineers, to 213th Engineers in first
support. In Company G to Company H. to
25th Casualty Company at Camp Dodge.
Mustered out January 6. 1919.

CHBISTENSEIT, CABIi EMU^
Sioux Rapids
Born May 12, 1899. Enl. May 2, 1917. Baker
2d-cl., in transport service. Trained at G. L.
N. T. S. and at Dunwoody Institute. Promoted
from apprentice seaman to baker 2d-cl. In
transport service made trips to Brest, St.
Nazaire and Bordeaux. Prance. Made thirteen
round trips to Europe. Mustered out August
1, 1919.

CHRISTENSEN, O. ARON
Sioux Rapids

Born March ID, 18116. Knl. November 9,
1917; began active service on August 14, 1918.
First Lieut, in Medical Reserve Corps, Medical
Corps. Promoted from pvt. to 1st lieut.
Trained at Army Training Detachment, Des
Moines College: at Ft. Leavenworth. Decem-
ber 17, 1918, for one month's training; pro-
moted to Dental Assistant August 14. 1918;
received first lieutenant's commission Jan-
uary 31, 1919. Mustered out January 21,
1919.

CRRISTEM-SEN, VICTOR EDWIN
Sioux Rapids
Born November 22, 1898. Enl. April 12, 1917.
Cook Ist-cl. Promoted from landsman baker
to baker 2d-cl, to baker Ist-cl, to cook Ist-cl.
Trained at G. L. N. T. S. At the G. L. N.
T. S. during entire term of enlistment.
Mustered out February 18, 1919.

CHRISTENSEN, VICTOR R.
Sioux Rapids

Born December 19, 1889. Enl. May 10. 1917.
Chief Gunner's Mate (A) in Aviation Branch of
Navy. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. from May 10
to September 19, 1917; to Charleston, South
Carolina from September 19 to July 4, 191.S;
to Bay Shore, Long Island, from July 4. 1918.
to December 1, 1918; at Brunswick, Georgia,
from December 1 until August 8, 1919. Pro-
moted from fireman 3d-cl. to fireman 2d-cl;
to gunner's mate 3d-cl., to gunner's mate 2d-
cl.; to gunner's mate Ist-cl., to chief gunner's
mate (A). Sent to Minneapolis for discharge.
Mustered out August 12, 1919.

CHRISTIAN, MORRIS EDG-AR

Alta
Born March 2. 1891. Enl. July 22, 1918.
Corp in Cos. 49, 45 and 9, 163d Depot Brigade.
Promoted from pvt. to corp. Trained at Camp
Dodge. Mustered out December 12, 1918.

CHRISTIANSEN, JAMES G-EORGE

Ne^well
Born December 16, 1893. Enl. April 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 29th Batt., United States Guards.
Trained at Camp Dodge and Fort Snelling,
On guard duty in Chicago Quarter Master
Buildings. Mustered out Decenilier 19. 1918.

CHRISTIANSON, ISAAC MARTIN
Rembrandt

Born November 16, 1895. Enl. February 23.
1918, Pvt. Ist-cl., Co. B, 39th Inf., 4th Div.
Trained at Camp Green. Sailed from Hoboken
on Italian ship Dansi Alghieri Ma.v 10; landed
at Brest May 25. To Chateau-Thiery offensive,
July 15. when this offensive was launched
the 39th Inf. was moved from its training area
at Acy to take its place in the front line for
the first time; at Second Battle of the Marne,
Vesle sector; at St. Mihiel operation; in Meuse-
Argonne offensive where he received three
wounds; was with the Army of Occupation in
Germany. Sailed from Brest. July 30. 1919. on
the Leviathan; landed at Hoboken, August 6.
To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out August 13, 1919.

CI.ABATTGH, GI.ENN E.

Sioux Rapids
Born October 13, 1895. Enl. April 24, 1917.
Pvt. Co. C, 16th Inf., 1st Div. Trained at
Fort Logan from April 24 to May 8; to El
Paso, Texas, from May 111 to June 2. Sailed
from Hoboken on transport Havana, June 12,
1917; landed at St. Nazaire, France, June 26.
To Gondrecourt until October 10; moved to
Lorraine front October 5; trans, to De Mouse,
October 25; moved to Toul sector January 5,
1918; in Toul sector forty-five days; moved
to Ligney, February 20; to Montdidier. April
15; to Soissons July 15 and took part in the
battle of Soissons on July 18; wounded by
shrapnel in right foot on that day; taken to
field hosp.; trans, to base hosp. near Bordeaux
and was in this hosp. from July 26 until
December 5; to embarkation hosp. December 7.
Sailed from Bordeaux on Aeolus December 17,
as a casual; landed at Newport News, Decem-
ber 30. Mustered out at Camp Dodge, Janu-
ary 21. 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

CI.ASK, DE I.OSS W.

Ne'well
Born April 7, 1S95. Enl. July 3. 1917. Chief
Radio Electrician on U. S. S. Illinois. Trained
at G. L. N. T. S. and at Howard Radio School.
Three months in war zone on Illinois. Mustered
out August 1, 1919.

CI.ABK, EDBIC FOSS

Alta
Born January 12, 1893. Enl. July 24. liils.
Pvt. Co. B, 316th Inf., 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon for one month: to Camp Merritt.
Sailed on U. S. S. Plattshurg. August 30, 1918;
landed at Brest. September 12, 1918. Trans,
to the 163d Inf. for ten days: trans, to 316th
Inf. and was sent to front on Meuse-Argonne,
and remained there until the armistice was
signed; was in attack on Hill 378. remain-
ing in this sector for about three months;
moved to various camps in France and then
went to St. Nazaire. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on U. S. S. Texan May 16, 1919; landed at
Philadelphia. May 29, 1919. To Camp Dix; to
Camp Podge. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

from June 30 until September 30. 1917; trans,
to Camp Mills. Sailed on Baltic for France;
landed in England, December 9. To Brest,
December 13. To Longecourt. February 23,
1918; to Alsace-Lorraine. February 26; on
April 14 relieved Nopmasoine; April 24. back to
Alsace-Lorraine; June 30. relieved the 77th
Div.; to rest camp; to Champagne front on
July 4; on July 20, relieved by French Algiers;
July 26, at Chateau-Thierry front; August 1,
relieved by the 26th Div.; on July 28, victim of
mustard gas; to American Base Hosp. No.
66; trans, to American Base Hosp. No. 67; to
American Base Hosp. No. 44; re-assigned to
company on September 14, when at St. Mihiel
front; relieved by the 77th Div.; October 15
to Argonne front; October 18, chlorine-gassed,
taken to Field Hosp. No. 167; to Gas Hosp.
No. 1; trans, to American Base Hosp. No. 58;
to Base Hosp. No. 52 at Remecourt; to Bor-
deaux on February 15; assigned to casualty
company of Co. E, 160th Inf. Sailed for the
United States. March 6. 1919, on the Lucken-
bach; landed at Base Hosp. No. 5 at New
York, March 19. To Fort Des Moines, March
28; then trans, to Camp Dodge for discharge.
Mustered out April 15. 1919.

CI.ABK, WII.I.IAM McKINIiEY

Alta

Born November 11, 1897. Enl. April 23, 1918.
Yeoman Ist-cl., District Enrolling Office. Pro-
moted fi-om yeoman 3d-cl. to yeoman 2il-cl. to
yeoman Ist-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.
Mustered out January 31, 1919.

CIiEMENT, CARI. G. J.
Fairfield Tcwuship

Born April 2, 1896. Enl. July 29, 1918. Pvt.
Co. H, 1st Training Batt. Engineers. Trained
at Camp Forrest and Camp Dodge. Mustered
out January 6. 1919.

CI.AUS, HARI.EY H.

SlouK Rapids

Born February 6. 1894. Enl. September 20,
1917. Sergt. Co. A, 350th Inf., 88th Div.
Promoted from pvt. to corp., from corp. to
sergt. Trained at French training camps.
Sailed from New York on S. S. Delta. August
11, 1918; landed at London. August 25. Moved
across the Channel to Cherbourg, France,
August 28. To Foutry; to Chaguy; went into
center sector of Haute-Alsace-Lorraine. Octo-
ber 4; transferred to Toul sector, November 7,
in offensive when armistice was signed; moved
to Gondrecourt area until May 7, 1919; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed from St. Nazaire on U. S. S.
Aeolus, May 19; landed at Newport News, May
30. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge June 5, 1919.

CZ-EARVTATER, ROY D.

Albert City
Born November 17, 1898. Enl. April 10, 1917.
Pvt. Mach. Gun Co., 168th Inf., 42d Div. Trained
at State Fair Grounds, Des Moines, Iowa,

CI.EVEI,AND, JESSE ARTHUR

Iiinn Grove

Born September 12, 1896. Enl. September 5,

1918. Pvt. Inf. in Depot Brigade, Trained at

Camp Dodge. Mustered out February 25, 1919.

CI1EVEI.AMD, OSCAR
Barnes Township

Born August 18, 1894. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 316th Regt., 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon in Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt.;
trans, to Camp Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken
on U. S. S. Plattsburg, August 29; landed at
Brest, September 12. To St. George; to Verdun
sector; to Genicourt. joined Co. F. 316th Uegt.,
79th Div; to Meuse-Argonne front from Octo-
ber 15 to November 11; at Reiville from No-
vember 11 until December 30; to Issencourt,
trans, to Co. A, 316th Regt.. 79th Div. for two
months; to Orcaron for two weeks; to Henni-
court three days; to St. Georges; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed on U. S. S. Texan May 16, 1919;
landed at Philadelphia, May 29. To Camp Dix;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

El wood Tliomas Cole
Storm Lake

William J, Condon
Storm Lake

Harry L. Cone
Xokomis Town.ship

George W. Conley
Newell

Andrew J. Conne'l
Providence Township

Charley J. Connell
Providence Township

James W. Connell
Providence Township

John R. Connell
Providence Township

Thomas Olen Connoy
Rembrandt

Daniel K. Cosman
Storm Lake

Loigh Cottrw
Nokomis Township

Samuel R. Couch
Newell

James Freeinaii Cuulsoii William Howard (.'uulsuii
Storm Lake Newell

Herman Henrv^ L'ox
Alta

(Ulie Craig
Sioux Rapids

David B. Crlssey George Dewey Crissey

Storm Lake Storm Lake

Howard R. Crissey
Storm Lake

Walter E. Crissey
Storm Lake

Clarence Eugene Crow Justice M. Crowley Albert H. Cunningham Luther W. Cunningham

Sioux Rapids Storm Lake Storm Lake Lee Township

■o

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

COAKIiEV, GEORGE RICHARD

Storm Iiake
Born December 31, 1896. Enl. April 3, 1918.
Mechanic, 1st Co., Coast Art. Trained at Fort
B'lagler and Fort Logan. Mustered out Janu-
ary 4, 1919.

COIiE, EIiWOOD THOMAS

Storm ]bake

Born December 12, 1896. Enl. December 11,
1917. Quarter Master Ist-cl.. 6th Regt.. Avia-
tion Dept., U. S. Navy. Trained at United
States Training Station at Great I-alves. Illi-
nois, and at Philadelphia Navy Yard. Sailed
from Philadelphia on Olympic, June 15, 1918.
In overseas service over six months at United
States Naval Air Station in England near the
North Sea. Sailed from Liverpool on Levia-
than: landed at Pelham Bay. New York. To
Charleston, South Carolina; to Akron, Ohio.
Mustered out June 2, 1919.

CONDON, WTLIiIAM J.
Storm Iiake

Born March 5, 1889. Enl. April 13. 1917. Pvt.
Ist-cl., Co. M, 168th Inf., 42d Div. Trained
at Cherokee; to State Fair Grounds, Des
Moines, Iowa; to Camp Mills. Sailed for
Prance on President Grant October 18, 1917;
returned to port. October 28; sailed again
November 14 on English ship Celtic; landed
at Liverpool. To Winchester; to Southampton;
to Le Havre. To Rimacourt; to Langres: to
Baccarat; entered line of fighting in Luneville
sector, Februar.v 21; to Champagne, July 1; to
Chateau-Thierry, July 22; to St. Mihiel; to
Argonne Forest; entered Base Hosp. No. 24 at
Maves. October 5, with blood pionsoning; later
went to Niederzessen, Germany; to Nieder-
breisig; to Brest. Sailed on U. S. S. Leviathan
in May, 1919; landed at New York. To Camp
Upton; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out May
17, 1919.

CONE, HARRY l.

Nokomis ToTOTiship
Born December 8, 1896. Enl. September 5.
1918. Pvt. Inf. Replm. Regt. Trained at Camp
Dodge for nine months and nine days. Mustered
out June 14. 1919.

CONI.EY, GEORGE W.

Newell

Born April 10, 1892. Enl. May 7, 1917.
Second Lieut. Adjt. Gen's. Dept., 81st Div.
Trained at Camp Cody. Sailed from New
York on U. S. S. Olympia, October 17, 1918;

landed at Southampton, October 24. Landed
at Cherbourg. October 26. To Bordeaux with
Headtiiuirter.s Co., 34th Div.; in Novembei- .sent
to Headquarters, 34th Div.; in Gen. Quarter
Master Headquarters at Chaumont; with Army
of Occupation in Germany; assigned to 81st
Div. in June, 1919. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on June 9; landed at Newport News June 20;
sailed on S. S. Manchuria.

CONNEI.I., ANDRE'W S.

Providence To'vnsliip

Born September 6, 1888. Enl. October 20,

1918. Pvt. Veterinary Co. No. 1. Trained at

Camp Greenleaf. Mustered out at Camp

Greenleaf December 19, 1918.

CONNEI.I., CHARIiEY J.

Providence Township
Born March 21, 1900. Enl. September 9,
1819. Pvt. Co. A, Student Army Training
Corps. Dubuque College. Trained at Dtibuque
College, Dubuque, Iowa. Mustered out Decem-
ber 14. 1918.

CONNEI.I., JAMES W.
Providence Township
Born August 17, 1890. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Sergt., Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon and at Camp Wheeler Officers'
Training Corps. Mustered out December 24,
1918.

CONNEI.I., JOHN R.
Providence Towusliip
Born February 4, 1898. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, Student Army Training Corps,
Dubuque College. Trained at Dubuque Col-
lege, Dubuque, Iowa. Mustered out Decem-
ber 16. 1918.

CONNOY, THOMAS OI.EN
Rembrandt

Born December 21',, 1892. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Ist-cl. Bat. F, 337th Art., 88th
Div. Trained at Camp Dodge, trans, on April
12 to 35th Div. Promoted on August 5. 1918. to
p\'t. Ist-cl. Trained at Rumsley. England, for
three months; left for Cherbourg. To Sarogona
for one week; to Bains-les-Bains for three
weeks; trans, from 35th Div. to the Military
Police Army Corps, R^-moiint; to St. i\lihiel
sector for six weeks; to Verdun, armistice was
signed while here; started following the Ger-
mans into Belgium; was at Veron. Belgium,
on Thanksgiving day; left for Luxemburg; to

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Germany; left March 13 for Metz; to Toul; to
Chaumont; to Tours; to Le Mans; to Belgium,
and was on the rifle range at tliis time, quali-
fied as a sharpshooter. April 1, 1919; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed April 16; landed at Newport
News, April 28. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out May 7, 1919.

COSMAir, DAMTEI. K.

Storm Iiake
Born December 30, 1887. Knl. August 29,
1918. Pvt. Service Park Unit No. 503, Motor
Transport Corps. Trained at Camp Dodge
and at Fort Sam Houston; taken to the base
hosp.. October 25. Mustered out January
24, 1919.

COTTEW, I.i:lGK
Alta

Born June 13, 1887. Enl. July 24. 1!)18.
Pvt. Co. A, 348th Mach. Gun Batt., 91st Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon; drilled for five
weeks; to Camp Merritt, quarantined ten days
for measles. Sailed overseas on the U. S. S.
America, September 19; landed at Brest, Sep-
tember 29. To St. Amand: re-classlfied and
put into Mach. Gun Batt. and sent to Lunery,
trained there for three weeks; went to the
91st Div. where they were camped after re-
turning from the Argonne battle; hiked to the
front arriving there the morning the armis-
tice was signed. His division was given crt-dit
for the Lys-Mons Battle. Hiked back to
Houtkerque; to Noce for two and one-half
months; to Nogent-le-Rotrou; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed from St. Nazaire on U. S. S. Arizona,
March 25; landed at Hoboken, April 2. To
Camp Upton for sixteen days; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out April 22, 1919.

1918; arrived Liverpool January 24. To Camp
Morn Hill; to Le Havre. To St. Nazaire;
transferred from Q. M. C. to Co. 324, Motor
Transport Corps, for convoy work and post
duty hauling ammunition and supplies to the
front; took exam, for commission November
1; commission signed November 11, but with-
held on account of signing of armistice.
Sailed from St. Nazaire on S. S. Huron, May
26, 1919; landed Newport News, June 7. To
San Francisco. Mustered out June 24, 1919.

coniiSON, vriz.i.iAM Howard

Ne'well
Born July 12, 1895. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Medical Corps. Trained Camp Gordon.
Sailed from New York, September 13; landed
France September 25. Sailed on Matzonia.
Trans, to S. O. S. October 15; stationed at
Med. Supp. Dep. No. 2, Intermediate Section,
Gievres. Sailed from Brest on U. S. S. Impera-
tor July 7, 1919; landed New York July 13,
1919. To Camp Mills. Mustered nut July 2.5. 1919.

COX, HERMAN HENRY
Alta

Born May 23, 1898. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. Inf. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13. 1918.

CRAIG, OI.I.IE
Sioux Rapids

Born December 23, 1895. Enl. April 2, 1918.
Pvt. Supp. Co. 87th Inf. 19th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge, April 2 to May 1; to Fort
Des Moines Hosp., May 1 to June 18; to Camp
Dodge January 27. 1919. Promoted private to
wagoner. Mustered out January 27, 1919.

COUCH, SAMVEI. R.
Ne'well

Born February 22, 1892. Enl. December 15,
1917. Pvt. in Gen. Hosp. Trained for five
months at Camp Dodge; ordered to Fort Des
Moines until mustered out. Mustered out
October 21, 1919.

COUIiSON, JAMES TREEMAN

Storni Iiake
Born August 26, 1883. Enl. June 8, 1917.
Sergt. in Q. M. E. R. C, M. S. T. 406, Co.
321, attached to 41st Div. after arrival in
Prance. Trained at Presidio, near San Fran-
cisco. Left San Francisco, December 17;
arrived New York, December 23. Sailed on
S. S. Carmania from New York, January 8,

CRANE, CI.ARENCE

Sioux Rapids

Born April 12. 1890. Enl. December 6, 1917.
Pvt. 236th Aero Squadron, A. S. M. A. Trained
at Southern Field.

CRISSEY, DAVID B.
Storm Iiake
Born April 21, 1896. Enl. April 13, 1917.
Rejected; re-enlisted April 9, 1918. Corp. Co.
M, 131st Squadron. Trained Wisconsin State
University; Wilbur Wright Field; Armour's
Institute; Taylor Field Plying School. Granted
promotion. May 7, 1919, on re-enlistment. After
30 day furlough spent at home in Storm Lake,
returned to Wright Field, Aviation Repair
Depot No. 3.

™ <

IMaynard V. Cuppy
Truesdale

Keiiiiuth L'liarlt'S I'aijyer
Alta

Ualph J. 1 'agger
Alta

Wilbur Karl Dagger
Alta

L-eRoy A. Dake
Brooke Township

Harold S. Darr
Storm Lake

James \V. Darr
Lee Township

Sylvester S. Davidsen
Storm Lake

Arthur L. Davis
Linn Grove

Earl V. Davis
Washingrton Township

Floyd Davis
Storm Lake

Gilger E. Davis
Marathon

Kollo Ci. L'avis
Poland Township

Kdwurd A. I>L't;nur
Coon Township

James Lael DeLand
Storm Lake

Eva DeUnidge
Storm Lake

Mielu-1 X. r>elp
Storm Lake

Sam Dennison
Storm Lake

AVilliam Deppe
Storm Lake

Lloyd L. OeSpain
Lincoln Township

Storm Lake

Georg-e P. Diehl
Storm Lake

Arthur A. Dierwechter
Storm Lake

Herman ]>okken
Linn Grove

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

CRISSEY, GEORGE DEWEY

Storm Ziake
Born March 30. 1899. Enl. April 7. 1917. Pvt.
Co. M, 16Sth Inf. 42d Div. Trained: Cherokee,
Des Moines. Camp Mills. Sailed on President
Grant. October 18, 1917; returned to U. S. Octo-
ber 28; sailed again November 14 on English
ship Celtic; landed Liverpool. To Winchester
1 week; to Southampton; to Le Havre. To
Rainacourt; to Langres; to Baccarat; entered
line of fighting in Luneville sector at Baccarat
February 22, 1918; to Champagne July 1. 1918;
to Chateau-Thierry; on the Ourcq; to Hill
212; wounded in action capturing Sergy, July
29; sent to Base Hosp. 22 at Bordeaux; to
Blois; to Le Havre, September 8 to December
1; to Brest. Sailed from Brest on U. S. S.
Rhode Island January 2. 1919; landed at New-
port News January 16. To Camp Hill; to
Camp Lee; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
February 12, 1919.

CRISSEY, HOWARD R.
Stortn I^ake

Born September 13. 1897. Enl. April 13, 1917.
Corp. Co. M, Inf. 42d Div. Trained; Cherokee.
Des Moines, Camp Mills. Sailed on President
Grant October 18, 1917; returned to port Octo-
ber 28; embarked November 14 on English
ship Celtic; landed Liverpool. To Winchester
for nine days; to Le Havre. To Rimacourt;
to Langres; to Baccarat; entered line in Lune-
ville sector February 22; to Champagne July
1. 1918; Chateau-Thierry July 22 to August
5; St, Mihiel September 12; to Argonne Octo-
ber 12; to Sedan on the line when the armistice
was signed; to Germany with Army of Occupa-
tion; at Niederzessen from December 16 to
March 6; to Niederbreisig; to Brest. Sailed
from Brest on U. S. S. Leviathan, April 18,
landed New York, April 26. To Camp Upton;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out May 17, 1919.

CRISSEY, WAI.TER E.

Storm Ziake
Born October 4, 19U0. Enl. April 7, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. M, 168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained:
Cherokee, Des Moines, Camp Mills. Sailed
from New York, October 28 on President Grant
returned to port at New Y'ork, October 28;
sailed on English boat Celtic November 14;
landed Liverpool. To Winchester; to Le Havre.
To Rimacourt; to Langres; to Baccarat; in
Luneville sector February 22; to Champagne
July 1; to Chateau-Thierry July 2; wounded in
action August 1; to Hosp. No. 67; trans,
to Base Hosp. No. 44; returned to duty October
30. on front; after armistice to Germany as
part of Army of Occupation at Niederzlssen;

left March 6, 1919 for Niederbreisig. Returned
to U. S. with regiment. Mustered out May 6.
1919. Re-enlisted in 330th M. T. C.

CROW, CI.ARENCE EUGENE
Sioux Rapids

Born March 1, 1898. Enl. April 20, 1917.
App. seaman. Trained G. L. N. T. S.; Ports-
mouth, N. H.; and U. S. S. Rhode Island.
Detailed to armed guard September 29. Left
Newport News on S. S. Hawaiian for Genoa.
Italy; landed January 22, 1918. Returned to
New Y'ork March 12; left New Y'ork March 17;
landed New Brunswick; left New Brunswick
March 31 for Naples; landed April 27; visited
Rome; steamship torpedoed May 20 (S. S.
Hawaiian with New Sweden); arrived New
York June 27; left July 17 for Brest. From
Brest to Bordeaux; to New York; landed
August 6; left New York for Bordeaux, August
17; gas tanks on board ship burned on this
trip and gassed several members of the crew —
no fatalities; arrived Bordeaux September 3;
to New York, September 27; left New York
October 12; arrived Marseilles October 17; on
this trip S. S. Lucia torpedoed; October 27
rammed and sunk S. S. Larch Grove (17 lives
lost); arrived Marseilles, November 27; sailed
for New York within month; arrived New
York December 16; Mustered out on S. S,
Hawaiian January 28. 1919. Promoted to Sea-
man 2d-cl.; to Coxswain.

CROWLEY, JUSTICE M.
Storm Ziake
Born November 15, 1887. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. F. 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained; Camp
Dodge. Sailed from New York August 11 on
H. M. S. Delta; landed London August 25. To
Romsey; to Southampton; to Cherbourg. To
Seman 3 weeks; to Hericourt; to Haute in
Alsace sector three weeks; to Andilly on Toul
sector; to Gondrecourt. December 1; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed on U. S. S. Aeolus May 17.
1919; landed at Newport News May 30.
Mustered out June 5, 1919.

CROXDAI.E, WAYNE EDWARD
Truesdale

Born November 20. 1896. Served one term
in Navy and enlisted in the Army. May 22,
1918. Sgt. Ist-cl. Park Battery, Third Corps
of Artillery. Trained: Fort Logan, 19th Co.
Art.; Camp Jackson; Camp Wadsworth; Camp
Hill. Sailed from Newport News on British
ship Keenan. August 12; landed Liverpool
August 28. To Southampton; to Le Havre
August 30. To Angouleme; to Clermont; to

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Chateau-Thierry; to Carnac; in fighting line
September 16 to November H; to Saint Juvin;
to Hericourt until November 20; to Carnac; to
Sievry: Riniacourt: to Le Mans; to Bi'est.
Sailed on U. S. S. Missouri, May 27, 1919;
landed June 8, at Newport News. To Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 23, 1919.

CROXDAI.E, WHiIiIAM
Truesdale

Born May 31, 1891. Enl. as Seaman Co. O,
7th Regt. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.

CUNNINGHAM, AIiBERT H.

Storm Iiake

Born June 2, 1886. Enl. September 16, 1918.

1st Lieut, unattached, Engineers. Trained at

Camp A. A. Humphreys to November 30. 191 S,

Mustered out November 30, 1918.

CUNNINGHAM, LUTHER W.
Iiee

Born May 28, 1893. Enl. July 26, 1918. Pvt.
Ist-cl. Co. M, 331st Inf., 83d Div, Trained
Camp Gordon. Sailed September 14 from
HoboUen on the Calimiers; landed Brest Sep-
tember 28. Used in several replm. cos.; two
trips to Lemburg. Germany, with prisoners of
war; a member of P. W. E. Co. 271 at Verneuil,
France; also with P. W. W. Co. 96 at Is-sur-
Tille; sailed from Brest October 12; arrived
Hobol<en October 20, made trip on Siboney.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge, October 25, 1919.

CUPPY, MAYNARD V.
Truesdale

Born November 27, 1896. Enl. September 6,
1918. Pvt. Co. 56, 141 Bn. Int. 163d D. B.
Trained at Camp Dodge. Tried to enlist but
was rejected. Trans, to Hosp. Corps in 1918.
Mustered out December. 1919, at Camp Slielliy.

DAGGER, KENNETH CHARI.ES

Alta

Born June 5, 1900. Enl. October 10, 1918.
Pvt. Q. M. C, S. A. T. C. Co. H. Trained at
Iowa City, Iowa. Mustered out December 19,
1918.

SAGGER, RAI.FH J.

Alta
Born July 25, 1894. Enl. December 4, 1917,
Sgt. Mobile Hosp. No. 3. Trained at Fort
Dogan, Fort Riley, Camp Merritt. Sailed from

Hoboken June 1, 1918; landed Liverpool June
25. To Cherbourg June 28. To Blols; to
Paris; to Toul; to Alencon. Sailed from St.
Nazaire June 9, 1919; landed Newport News,
June 20. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out June
30, 1919.

DAGGER, WIXiBUR EARI^

Alta
Born April 18, 1896. Enl. December 14, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Med. Dept. Trained: Fort Riley,
6 months; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from New
York June 12, 191.S, on boat Massonabie: landed
Liverpool June 25. To Southampton; to Cher-
bourg. To Blois; to Paris, stationed there two
months waiting for equipment for base hosp.
wliile on detached service on Chateau-Thierry
front; to Paris again; joined outfit; to Toul
sector; to Meuse-Argonne; to Nancy two
months after armistice: to Alencon; to Le
Mans; to Camj) Hosp. three months; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed on South Bend, July 5; arrived
New York July 15. To Camp Merritt; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out July 26, 1919.

DAHI., NED E.

Alta
Born June 24, 1884. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Acting Top Sgt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena
Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered
out December 13, 1918.

DAKE, I.E BOY A.
Brooke Township
Born April 28, 1897. Knl. Weiitember 5, 1918,
Pvt. Co. 58, 15th Bn. 163d D. B. Trained at
Camp Dodge in Co. 58, 15th Bn. 163d D. B.;
trans, to 105th Base Hosp. Sailed for France
November, 1918. Was barracks orderly and
room orderly in hospital.

DARR, HAROIiD S.

Storm Iiake

Born October 26, 1893. Enl. July 17, 1917.
2d Lieut. Aviation Branch of Service. Trained
at Austin, Texas; at Kelly Field; also trained
in Aerial Gunnery and Pursuit School at Ar-
cadia, Florida. Mustered out December 29,
1918.

DARR, JAMES W.
Iiee Township
Born September 19. 1892. Enl. May 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 351st Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Left U. S. August 13, 1918;
landed Liverpool, August 27, Landed in France
September 10. Trained at Hindenburg and
Grandecourt; in reserve trenches November
11. Still in service, April 18, 1919.

Chester L. Doty
Newell

Glenn H. Doty
Newell

Paul F. Duffy
Grant Township

Arnold Duncan
Storm Lake

Emil J. Dvorak
Storm Lake

Fred L. T. Edwards Russell M. Edwards George Burr Eginton

Storm Lake Hayes To«nship Storm Lake

John Elmer Ekstam
Marathon

Andrew EUrich
Newell

Homer Ellrich
Newell

Clarence J. Enright
Storm Lake

Frank Jeremiah Enright
Storm Lake

GeorgL- ilni i;^ liL
Storm Lake

W'illiuin Enright
Storm Lake

Fred Ralph Erickson
Albert City

Kaleb Erickson
Fairfield Township

Nels Erlandson
Albert City

Hadley H. Brvin

Newell

Merlyn B. Ervin
Newell

Aase (.Teorgf- Eskildsen
Nokomis Township

Henry Alfred Espe
Nokomis Township

Stanley B. Espe
Storm Lake

Alvin J. Evans
Linn Grove

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

DAVIDSON-, syi.vi:sti:r s.
storm Iialce

Born April 5, ISHl. Knl. May :;i;, 191S. Pvt.
Co. C, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge 3 months; Camp Mills. Sailed from
Hoboken on August 14, on S. S. A.scanias;
landed Liverpool August 28. To Southampton;
to Le Harve; to Leslammes; to Havricourt;
to Belfort; to trenches in Haute-Alsace sector
five days; to Toul two weeks; to Ribeaucourt
five months; to St. Nazaire. Sailed from St.
Xazaire on Canonicus May 21. 1919; landed
at Newport News. June 3. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 13, 1919.

DAVIDSON, ROY

Storm Iiake
Born February 13, 1894. Enl. November 6.
1917. Carpenter's Mate Ist-cl., Co. 29. Trained
at G. L. N. T. S. Mustered out January 6,
1919.

DAVIS, ARTHUR L.
ILiiui Grove

Born March 12, 1898. Enl. March 28, 1917.
Pvt. 5th Mach. Gun Bn. 18th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge, Co. F, 19th Inf. 88th Div.; Fort
Logan; Camp Travis, in Mach. Gun School;
at San Antonio attached to 5th M. G. Bn. 18th
Div. Mustered out February 15. 1919.

DAVIS, EARI. V.

Washington Township
Born March 2. 1891. Knl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 348th M. G. Bn. Trained at Camp
Gordon, Co. C, Replm. Co.; Camp Merritt.
Left U. S. September 14, 1918. Battle skir-
mishes— expeditions — Ypres. Lys-Mons offen-
sive. October 31 to November 11. Returned
to the U. S. with 91st Div. on April 2, 1919.
Mustered out April 22, 1919.

DAVIS, GrLGER E.

Marathon

Enl. May, 1918. Corp. Bat. F, 339th F. A.,
88th Div. Trained: Camp Dodge; August
13 to Camp Mills. Sailed on British ship
Emi)ress. August 23, from Hoboken: landed
Liverpool with convoy of 13 ships, Septem-
ber 5. Paraded through city, marched five
miles to rest camp for a few days; to
Southampton: crossed the Channel on U. S. S.
Har\-ard; landed Le Havre September 14. To
rest camp three days; September 20, passed
through Paris to camp; moved to another
camp for range-flring practice, here when
armistice was signed; to Bordeaux, December
1; guard duty until January 18. Sailed for
\J. S. on La Lorraine, January 19; landed
New York January 28. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out February 8, 1919.

DAVIS, IiESIiIi: Ii.
Iiinn Grove

Born July 31. 1898. Enl. October 3. 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C, Biiena Vista CoIleEe. Trained
at Buena Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa.
Mustered out November 25, 1918.

DAVIS, ROIiIiO G.

Poland To^^ship

Born July 29, 1888. Enl. May 26. 1918. Pvt.
Co. E, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained: Camp
Dodge until August 9. Sailed from Hoboken on
English ship August 16; landed Liverpool
August 28. To Southampton; to Le Havre
August 30; to Les Loums; to Bermarit for three
weeks: to Chevermont: to Rougemont; to
Hagenbeck. September 18; to Lorraine front
September 24 to November 4; to Peruse when
armistice was signed; trans, to Toul sector
until November 28; to Riveaucourt until April
12. 1919; to St. Aignan in 3972 Casual Co.
Sailed from Marseilles April 26 on Patria;
landed Hoboken May 10, 1919. Mustered out
at Mitchell Field, May 15, 1919.

DAVIS, FLOYD

Storm Iiake
Born April 19. 1892, Enl. May 7, 1917.
Bugler, 113th Amb. Co. 104th Sanitary Train.
29th Div. Trained: Iowa Field Hosp. No. 2;
at Sioux City. Iowa; to Camp Cody 11 months:
to Camp Dix. Sailed from New York on
Baltic October 13, 1918; landed Liverpool
October 23. To Romsey; to Southampton; to
Le Havre, October 27. To Le Mans; to St.
Aignan; to Thesse; to Bourbonnc: to Melay
for six months; to Beaumont; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed on Manchuria for U. S. May 11, 1919;
landed New York May 21. To Camp Merritt;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 4, 1919.

DI:AI.Y, DENNIS M.

Albert City
Born November 13, 1890. Enl. July 29,

1918. Pvt. 8th Co. R. P. D. Troop, Engineers.
Trained at Camp Forrest.

DEGNER, EDWARD A.

Coon Township
Born January 24. 1895. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 210th Eng. Trained: Camp For-
rest until September 30; to Camp Funston
until October 30; to Camp Mills to Decem-
ber 31; Camp Hampshire to February 28,

1919. Mustered out at Camp Dodge, March 31,
1910.

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA MSTA COUNTY

DE I.A1TD, JAMES IiAEI.
Storm Iiake

Born May 6, 18!)4. Enl. December 5, 1917.
Ensign in U. S. N. R. F. Trained: Municipal
Pier; Lake Erie; Lake Superior; Lake Miclii-
gan; Cleveland, Ohio; Pelham Bay. Promoted
from seaman 2d-cl. to Quarter Master 2d-cl.
to Ensign. Sailed from New York for Mar-
seilles on U. S. S. Ophir, October 23, 1918;
ship destroyed by fire in Gibraltar harbor the
night of November 11; returned to U. S.
December 6, 1918.

DEIiBBIDGE, EVA (Nurse)
storm Iiake

Born January 16, 1887. Enl. November 8,
1917. Red Cross Nurse, 114th Hosp. LTnit,
Orthopedic Unit. Took nurse's training at
Methodist Hosp. Des Moines; was in service at
St. Joseph Hosp. Sioux City when enlisted.
Trained: Camp Cody 8 months. Left New
York in May. 1918; landed at St. Nazaire.
Assigned to Base Hosp. No. 101; to Base
Hosp. No. 6 near Bordeaux; to Camp Souge;
most interesting experience at Beau Deset,
largest hosp. in France; near Chateau-Thierry
where she served in evac. hosp.; had charge
of surgical department of Base Hosp. No. 114;
on leave after armistice was signed; visited
Rome, Naples, Venice. Returned home; landed
New York May 23, 1919. Visited parents
at Storm Lake on furlough. Died in Chicago,
August 17, 1919. Buried at Storm Lake, Iowa.

I>EI,F, MICHAEI. H.

Storm Icake
Born August 15, 1890. Enl. August 29,
1918. Pvt. Inf. Trained at Camp Gordon.

fighting line October 23 in Argonne Forest;
on German line November 11, remained five
days; to western France on 13-day march;
to Brest in April. Sailed on President Grant
April 22, 1919; landed New York May 6. To
Camp Mills; Camp Dodge. Mustered out May
19, 1919.

SE SPAIN. I.I<OYI> I..

Iiincoln To^^mship
Born April 1, 1897. Enl. August 23, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, Inf. 163d D. B. Trained: Camp
Gordon. Mustered out August I'S, 1918.

SIEHZ., CIiIN'TOM' H.
Storm Xiake

Born in 1892. Enl. December 13, 1917. Pvt.
Remount No. 322, Q. M. C. Trained: Camp
McArthur. Mustered out December 1, 1918.

DIEHI^, GEORGE F.

Storm liake

Born October 9. 1894. Enl. July 8, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. B, 323d F. S. Bn. Corps Replm.
Trained at Camp Funston. Left U. S. Janu-
ary 28, 1918; landed Brest, February 12, 1918.
Taken to casual camp at Blois; given insur-
ance work; two months later transferred to
postal department at Tours; 1 month later
transferred to telegraph office as night chief
clerk; ten months later ordered to casual
camp at Cour Cherverney to await transpor-
tation home; rejoined former Bn. which had
been left in States; to the Coast. Sailed
for the U. S. on Easter Sunday; landed New
York two weeks later. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge May 22, 1919.

DENNISON, SAM
Storm Iiake

Born December 3, 1892. Enl. September 18,
1917. Senior Sgt. Mch. Gun Co. 344th Bn.
87th Div. Spent two months and twelve days
in Liverpool and one month in Queenstown.
Mustered out December 9, 1918.

SIEBVTECHTER, ARTHUR A.

Storiu Iiake
Born July 24, 1895. Enl. November 3, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, Mech. Trng. School. Trained:
Mechanical Training School, Ames Iowa.
Mustered out December 11, 1918.

DEFFE, WrLIiIAM
Storm Ziake

Born June 20, 1887. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 21st Regt. 77th Div. Trained:
Camp Gordon, pvt. C. H, 4th Replm. Inf.;
Camp Merritt. Sailed August 29; landed Eng-
land. To France September 15. Volunteered
as shutter in Co. A, 21st Regt. 77th Div.; in

DOKKEK, HERMAN
Iiinn Grove

Born May 18. 1899. Enl. September, 1918.
Pvt. Co. 7, S. A. T. C. Trained: Iowa State
College. Ames, Iowa. Studied mechanical
engineering. Mustered out December 21, 1918.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

DOI.AN, FRANK
Iiinn Grove

Enl. August 5, 1!)18. Pvt. in Inf., trans, to
Q. M. C. Sl.Sth C. and I. Trained; Hill. Va.
Mustered out December 24, 1918.

SOI.AI]', MICHAEi; T.

Stomi liaise
Born August 3, 1891. Enl. August 5, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. 318th Regt. Q. M. C. Trained:
Camp Hill.

DOI.I.IVEB, JAMES I.
Alta

Born August 21, 1S94. Enl. .lune 1.".. iniS.
Pvt. 3d Service Co. Trained; Tale University.
Received a reserve commission after discharge.
Mustered out December 11, 1918.

No. 3 Green Hut Building, March 13, 191D.
To Roland Park (General Hosp, No. 7); to
U. S. General Hosp. No. 2 at Fort McHenry.
Suffered loss of left eye. While on lines
was on,gaged in telephoning maintenance con-
struction. Mustered out October 1, 1919,
with rating of fifty per cent disability.

DUFFY, FAXTI. F.

Grant Township

Born October 25, 1894. Enl. March 11, 1918.
Seaman, 146th Co. Trained: G. L. N. T. S.
from March 11 to March 27, 1918; to Norfolk,
in TNT plant from March 28 to July 10,
1918; to hosp. with broken knee cap July 11;
at Portsnnouth until November 1; to St,
Helena Training Station from November 2
until December 2, 1918; to Great Lakes Decem-
ber 4. Mustered out February 28, 1919.

DOTY, CHESTER L.

Newell
Born September 10. ]89fi. Enl. June 9. 1917;
called to service September 1, 1917. Corp. Co.
D, 7th Telegraph Bn., later designated as
408th Telegraph Bn. Assigned to Municipal
Pier for three days; to Camp Alfred Vail.
Sailed on R. M. S. Carpathia, November 22;
landed Liverpool December 6. To AVinchester;
to Le Havre, December 10. To Nevers until
February 7; to Vierzon until May 2; to Troyes
until June 8, 1918; transferred to St. Nazaire
and remained there doing telephone and tele-
graph line work until July 26, 1919; to Mon-
toir until September 9; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
on U. S. S. Radnor, September 10; landed
Brooklyn September 23. To Camp Upton.
Mustered out September 25, 1919.

DOTY, GIiENN H.
Newell

Born May 8, 1898. Enl. May 25, 1917. Pvt.
Co. B, 307th F. S. Bn., 82d Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge; Camp Gordon. Sailed from
New York on U. S. S. Virginia May 18, 1918;
landed Liverpool. May 30. To Southamp-
ton; to Le Havre June 8. To Rangeaux; to
Tours sector June 23 until August 15, 1918; to
Marbache sector until September 17; to Ar-
gonne front from October 1 to October 20. on
that day was wounded by shrapnel; sent to
Evac. Hosp. No. 10: to Base Hosp. No. 67;
to Provision Base 8; to Base Hosp. 89; to
Bordeaux, Base Ho.sp. No. Ill; to Evac. Hosp.
20; to SIvac. Hosp. 65 at Brest. Sailed for
U. S. on S. S. America March 4, 1919; landed
New York March 13. To Debarkation Hosp.

DUNABD, WALTER N.
Grant Township
Born February 10. 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918,
Pvt. Troop B. Headquarters Train and Mili-
tary Police. Trained at Camp Funston.

DVORAK, EMrL J.

Stomi Iiake
Born February 16, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D. 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mustered out December 18,
1918.

EDWARDS, FRED I.. T.
Storm Iiake

Born January 23, 1S91. Enl. July 21, 191S.
Pvt. Mach. Gun Co. 361st Regt., 91st Div.
Trained: Camp Gordon two months; Camp
Merritt ten days. Sailed from Hoboken on
U. S. S. America September 20; landed Brest
September 29. Trained at St. Amant until
October; trans, to Belgium October 27, going
by w"ay of Dunkirk, England; participated in
battle Lysle-Schuldt, in support position when
armistice was signed; returned to Belleme;
in France January 1 to last of March; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed April 3 on U. S. S. Mexican;
landed Camp Mills April 15, remained here one
week. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out April
28. 1919.

EDWARDS, RUSSEI.L M.
Hayes Township

Born June 8, 1899. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Corp. S. A. T. C. Trained: Buena Vista
College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13, 1918.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

EGINTON, GEORGE BURR

Storm Iiake

Born June 13, ixao. Enl. June I'T. 191s. Sea-
man 2d-cl. U. S. N. R. F. Trained at G. L.
N. T. S.; receiving ship at Brooklyn Navy
Yard; to Base No. 6. Queenstown, Ireland,
via S. S. Glacier; tran,sferred to U. S. S. Texan,
Sixth Battle Squadron, operating with British
Grand Fleet in North Sea for four months of
service: Sixth Battle Squadron took part in
surrender of German High Seas Fleet Novem-
ber 21, 1918. Released from active service
December 31, 1918.

EINDMARK, GUSTOP G.

Albert City
Born September '^i, 1893. Enl. June 25. 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge: Camp Cody. Mustered out
November 27. 1918.

EKSTAM, CARI. FRED
Poland Township

Born December :i. ISXT. Enl, July LM, 191X.
Pvt, Co, C, 4th Replm. Regt. Discharged by
reason of physical disability, July 31, 1918,
at Camp Dodge.

landed Liverpool August 28, To Southampton;
to Cherbourg September 1. To Hericourt two
weeks; to Alsace-Lorraine front for four days;
to Rope two weeks; to Luiyon on way to
Metz November 11; to Blbeaucourt May 11;
to St. Nazaire. Sailed on S. S. Canonicus;
landed Newport News June 4, 1919. Mustered
out June 12, 1919.

ENNINGEB, FAUIi R.

Storm Ijake
Born May 6, 1891. Enl. May 26, 1918, Pvt.
Mach. Gun Co. 352d Inf. SSth Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge until August 8; to Camp Mills.
Sailed from New York August 16; landed
Liverpool August 28. To Winchester; ,to
Southampton: to Le Havre. To Gresigny for
two weeks; to Noval; to Chermont; to Mor-
terechaeton; to Haute-Alsace sector for five
days; to Belfort; to Fort Lucy, at this fort
when armistice was signed — was headed for
Metz sector; to Bonnet, winter headquarters
from November 30 to May 9, 1919: to Le
Mans; to St, Nazaire. Sailed for U. S. May
21 on U. S. S. Canonicus; landed Newport
News June 3. To Camp Dodge, Mustered
out June 13, 1919.

EKSTAM, JOHN EI.MER
Marathon

Born November 22, 1891. Enl. April 26. 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 338th Bn., SSth Div. Trained: Cam|i
Dodge until June 30, when he contracted acute
spinal meningitis, was taken to hospital at once
and held there until date of discharge. Mus-
tered out December 11, 1918.

ENRIGHT, CIiABENCE J.

Storm X<ake

Born September 25. 1887. Enl. July

24.

1918. Corp. Co. C, 163d Replm, Regt; trans,
to 77th Div. Trained: Camp Gordon. Sailed
for France August 10, 1918. Was on German
border wlien armistice was signed.

EI.I.RICH, ANDREVr

ITeTwell
Born February 26, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 4th Regt. 3d Div. Trained Camp
Gordon. Sailed from New York on Leviathan
August 25: landed Brest Sei)tember 1. To
Roseierre for one month's training; to Des-
seljim; to lines on Belgium front for three
days: was in battle of Ypres on November
11; to Camp Noyan, Belgium: to Egie. France,
all winter; to St. Nazaire. Sailed on S. S.
Virginia, April 8. 1919; landed New York April
20. Mustered out May 7. 1919.

EI.I.BICS, HOMER

Newell
Born April 18, 1891. Enl. May 26, 1918.
Pvt. 352d Regt. Inf. 88th Div. Trained; Camp
Dodge. Sailed from New York August 15;

ENRIGHT, PRANK JEREMIAH
Storm Ijalse

Born December 6. 1SS9. Enl. Januiiy 9.
1916. Sgt. Ist-cl.. Med. Dept. 126th F. A. 34th
Div. Trained: Fort Riley; Camp Cody, joined
34th Div.; to school at Camp Stanley; moved
from Camp Cody to Fort Sill, July 3, 1918.
Sailed from New York September 23 on Brit-
ish transport H. M. S. Kashmir, wrecked
with the H. M. S. Toronto in Irish Sea Octo-
ber 6, the Kashmir having to land at Glasgow,
Scotland; sailed from Southampton to Le
Havre October 8, Billeted at Lamarque from
October 11 to November 1; moved to Camp De
Souge. where regt. received artillery prepara-
tion for the front, was here when armistice
was signed. Sailed from Bordeaux December
25. 1918; landed Newport News January 6. 1919.
Mustered out January 21. 1919. at Camp Dodge.

I)avicl J. Evans
Linn Grove

Krnest W. Evans
Linn Grove

Everett John Evans
Linn Grove

Howard M. (jvan:
Linn Grove

Louis H. Evans
Storm Lake

Enoch Faber
Newell

Charles A. Fairchild
Barnes Township

Herbert Elmer Fairt-hild
Lee Township

Georg;e Eddy Farmer William Henry Farmer

Sioux Rapids Sioux Rapids

Alanson M. Fitchett
Newell

Harold L. Fitchett
(.'oon Township

Jerome Fitzpa trick
Providence Township

AVilliani Kiuyd
Marathon

Vernon Fot-U
Storm Lake

Helmer Fontey
Linn Grove

Frank B. Foote
Brooke Township

Gehard O. Fosmark
Lee Township

Louis Louverne Foster
Storm Lake

Archie Frandson
Newell

Philip Frederick
Storm Lake

Ule X. Kul lei-
Linn Grove

.Sn|)iim Fuller
Linn Grove

John \\'. Fulton
Storm Lake

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ENBIGHT, G-EORGE

Storm liake
Born January 17, 1893. Enl. February 12,
1918. Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. B, 32d Eng. Trained:
Camp Dodge and Camp Grant: to Camp I'pton
June 8. Sailed from New Yorli on Leviathan
June 15; landed at Brest June 22; there two
weeks. Three month.s at Bordeaux, where co.
built camp ba.sin.s — regt. split up, our co. to
Marseilles and spent the remainder of the time
in France at that place building railroads,
docks and camps. June 7 embarked from
Marseilles on Frencli boat Patria; landed
New York June 22. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge, June 30, 1919.

ENBIGHT, 'WII.I.IAM

Storm Iiake
Born August 14, 1879. Enl. in U. S. Army
December 14, 1899. Sgt. Instructor Co. B.
30th and 19th Inf.; at Vancouver Barracks;
served twelve years in Philippine Islands
from 1899 until 1912; six months in Mexico
during Vera Cruz Campaign 1912 and 1913;
was given a captaincy commission as an
instructor for several states; conducted a
non-commissioned officers' school at Council
Bluffs, Iowa; served at Camp Dodge, when the
camp was first started; to Fort Sam Houston;
to Fort Bliss; to Fortress Monroe; to Fort
Pickens. Three months after war was de-
clared resigned cajjtaincy commission in hopes
of getting overseas, and re-enlisted in Coast
Artillery. (Still in service.)

ERICKSON, FRED RAI.PR

Albert City
Born October 4, 1893. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 212th Eng. 12th Div. Trained at
Camp Forrest; to Camp Devers. Mustered out
at Camp Dodge, January 31, 1919.

ERI.ANSSON, NEI.S

Albert City
Born November 3, 1886. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. I. 1st Bn. Inf. 163d D. B.
Trained at Camp Dodge from February 24,
1918 until December 12, 1918. Mustered out
December 12, 1918.

ERVIN, HADI.EY H.

Newell
Born April 29, 1894. Enl. July 10. 1918.
1st Lieut. O. R. C, Dental Co. No. 1, Med.
Dept. Branch. Trained: Camp Greenleaf;
Camp Merritt. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Officers'
Reserve Corps. Mustered out February 1, 1919,

ERVIN, MERI.YN B.
Newell

Born July 25. 1899. Enl. October 3, 1918.
Sgt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Iowa City. Iowa,
with 1st S. A. T. C. Bn. Promoted from
bugler to sgt. Mustered out December 21,
1918.

ESKII.DSEN, AAGE GEORGE
Nokomis To'wuship

Born January 24, 1892. Enl. April 25. 1918.
Pvt. Co. C. 357th Inf. 90th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; Camp Travis; Camp Mills. Left
New York June 20; landed Liverpool July 15,
1918. To Southampton; to Le Havre. To
Ouconnigrot, August 20; to St. Mihiel, Septem-
ber 1; to Argonne October 15; wounded in
Argonne October 24; to Base Hosp. 36. Octo-
ber 25; to St. Nazaire. Sailed on transport
Susquehanna ; landed Newport News December
6. To Base Hosp. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out January 11, 1919.

ERICKSON, kai;eb

Pairfield Township
Born April 14, 1891. Enl. September 19,
1917. Pvt. P. W. E. Co. No. 21.- Special
training with Escort Co. No. 21. Trained:
Camp Dodge in Co. A, 350th Inf.; to Camp
Cody, Co. L. 133d Regt. 34th Div.; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed June 30 on Glasgow; landed at
Glasgow, Scotland. To Southampton; to Le
Havre. To St. Aignan; to Tours; to Mermeis;
to Marseilles; to Bordeaux. Sailed December
25 on Netherland; landed Newport News. To
Camp Lee; to Gamp Dodge. Mustered out
February 2. 1919.

ESFE, HARRY AI.FRED

Nokomis Township
Born February 26. 1895. Enl. June 5, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 349th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge, Co. C, 350th Inf. 88th Div.;
to Camp L^pton. Left Hoboken August 9;
landed Southampton August 16. To Le Havre.
To St. Jeanne; to Danjatan; to Frabas; entered
trenches on Alsace front latter part of Octo-
ber: to Grasser Manqs; to Camp Hermitage:
on November 30 to Huverni; to Chameure; to
La Sure; to St. Nazaire. Sailed for U. S. on
U. S. S. Henry Mallory May 18; landed Brook-
lyn May 28. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 10, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA MSTA COLXTY

ESFi:, STANI.EV B.

Storm Iiake
Born April 19, 1892. Enl. February 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. L, ISLst Reg-t., 33d Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge; Camp Logan; to Camp Upton,
Landffi Brest May 30. To Amiens front July
1 to August 25; to Toul sector; to Verdun,
September 8 to 26; severely wounded Septem-
ber 26, taken to Johns Hopkins Hosp. for one
week; to Base Hosp. No. 11 at Martes October
3 to January 9, 1919; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
for the United States; landed Newport News
February 11, 1919. Sailed on U. S. S. Prin-
cess Matoka. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out
February 22, 1919,

EVANS, ALVIN J.
Iilnn Grove

Born in 1895. Enl. May, 25, 1917, Pvt. Co.
D, 142d Inf. Hdq. Co. First service in Co.
M. Second Iowa N. G. Trained: Camp Cody,
trans, to Co. C, 127th N. G. Bn., to Co, I,
133d Inf., to M. G. Co. 133d Inf.; to Camp
Dix. Sailed October 10, 1918; landed October
22 in France. Trans, to Co. D, 142d Inf.. to
Hdq. Co. 142d Inf. Left France May 19, 1919;
landed New York May 31, Mustered out
June 7, 1919.

N. T. S.; to Radio School at Cambridge; to Sea-
plane School at Pensacola, Fla.; where he
operated wireless on seaplanes. Mustered out
April 9, 1919,

EVANS, I.OUIS H,
Storm liaka

Born December 4, 1894. Enl. July 1, 1917.
Corp, Co. M, 168th Inf., 42d Div, Sailed for
France from New York October IS. 1917, on
U. S. S. President Grant; returned to port
October 28; re-embarked November 14 on Brit-
ish transport Celtic; landed Liverpool, there
for ten days. To Le Havre. To Ramicourt;
to Langres; to Baccarat: entered the line Feb-
ruary 22, 191S, in Luneville sector; at Badon-
viller; to Champagne July 1. 1918; to Chateau-
Thierry July 22 to August 6; to Verdun and
St. Mihiel September 12 to 25; to Argonne
October 5; to Sedan; left for hosp. November
9 with influenza: re.ioined Co. M Ajii-il 15.
1919; to Germany with the Army of Occupa-
tion along the Rhine; left Germany April 6
for Brest, Sailed on U. S. S. Leviathan; landed
at New York. To Camp Upton; to Camp Cody.
Mustered out May 17, 1919.

EVANS ERNEST W.
Iiiun. Grove
Born November 18, 1894. Enl. June 15,
1918. Mech. in Hdq. Co, Mechanical Branch
of Army. Trained: Iowa State College; was
instructor in truck driving at Val])araiso,
Indiana. Mustered out Deceniber 23, 1918.

EVANS, EVERETT JOHN
Iilnu Grove
Born November 18. 1894, Enl. May 28, 1917.
Ist-cl. petty officer U. S. Navy. Trained: G.
L. N. T. S. Served at U. S. Naval Base at
Brest from May, 1918 to December. 1918.
Trans, to Paris for duty with Peace Com-
niision on January 10, 1919; on January 22
liecame member of Military Mission and went
to Berlin for duty at that place, return-
ing when mission was withdrawn; to Paris on
February 16 for duty; on March 10 trans, to
U. S. Naval Hdq. at Brest for duty until Sep-
tember 21. 1919. Returned to U. S. on Pow-
hatan. Mustered out October 21, 1919.

EVANS HOWARD M.
^inn Grove

Born February 5, 1898. Enl. June 21, 1918.
Electrician in Radio Section. Trained at G. L.

7ABER, ENOCH
Newell

Born August 4, 1895. Enl. July 12. 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Med. Dept. 353d Inf., 88th Div.
Trained: Camp Dodge; Fort Logan; Fort
Riley. Sailed August 16 on City of Exeter;
landed Manchester. August 28. 1918. To
Southampton; to Le Havre. To Bussy-le-
Grand; to Hericourt; to Meraux-Vizelois; to
Alsace front for 14 days; to Toul November
11; to Ribeaucourt until May 10. 1919; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed on U. S. S. Canonicus May 21;
landed Newport News June 3, 1919. Mustered
out June 13, 1919.

FAIRCHrDD, CHARI.ES A.

Barnes Township

Born August 5, 1891. Enl. September 20,
1917. Corp. Co. M. 350th Inf., 88th Div.
Trained: Camp Dodge; Camp Pike; Camp Dix.
Left Montreal. Canada, on Tcnation August
24. 1918; landed London September 9. To
Southampton; to Cherbourg; to Lanzac; to
Brest. Sailed on H. M. S. Mauretania Decem-
ber 24; landed New York December 30. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Pike; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out January 30. 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

FAIBCHZLS, HERBERT BIiMER

Iiee
Born December 8. 1887. Enl. February 25.
1918. Pvt. Co. L, 131st Inf. 33d Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge until April 26; to Camp Logan
to May 6, 1918. Left New York May 21 on
Leviathan; landed Brest May 30. To Somme
front June 15 to August 25, in offensive and
reserves; in Argonne-Meuse offensive Septem-
ber 1 to October 10; captured by Germans
October 1(1; confined at Camp Rastatt. Germany,
until December 6; released, sent through
.S\\'itzerland to Vichey, France; joined casual
CO. January 25 at St. Aigran. Sailed from
Brest on S. S. Huntington, March 12; landed
Hoboken March 23, 1919. To Camp Merritt;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out April 2, 1919.

FARMER, GEORGE EDDY
Sioux Rapids
Born March 24. 1SS7. Enl. August 2", 1917.
1st Lieut. Co. B, 42d Inf., 12th Div; Captain
Inf. U. S. Army. Trained: Second Officers'
Training Camp. Port Snelling, November 27
to September 5, 1918. 1st Lieut. Co. B. 42d
Inf., 12th Div. September 5 to Feb 15, 1919,
Captain Inf. U. S. Army. Mustered out Feb-
ruary 15. 1919.

PARMER WII.I.IAM HENRY
Sioux Rapids

Born November 24. 1892. Enl. August 27,
1917. 1st Lieut. Chief Observer at Camp Knox.
Candidate in F. A. Training Camp at Fort
Benjamin Harrison; comn^issioned 1st Lieut.
November 27, 1917; August 27. 1917. to Novem-
ber 27. 1917. at Fort Benjamin Harrison; No-
vember 27 to February 28, Bat. F, 322d F. A.
Camp Shennan as 1st Lieut.; February 28 tn
May 1 at Fort Sill School of Fire and Aerial
Observation; May 1 to July 4, Co. O. Squadron
E. Camp Dick; July 4 to Sept. 28 F. A. B. F.
C. Aerial Observer, Camp Jackson; September
28 to January 2, 1919, Chief Observer at
Camp Knox. Mustered out January 2. 1919.

FEITS, GEORGE W.

Truesdale

Born December 31, 1896. Enl. September 20.
1917. Pvt. Co. H. 101st Inf., 26th Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge; Camp Pike; Camp Merritt.
Sailed from New York on S. S. Anthem, June
20. 1918; landed Liverpool July 1. To Camp
Winnell. Winchester; to Southampton; to Le
Havre July 5. To .St. Aignan. to Casual Camp;
to St. George, detached to Co. K, 163d Inf; to
Chateau-Thierry, Co. H, 101st Inf.; entered line
of battle for five days in Second Battle of

the Marne; to rest camp 27 days; to St. Mihiel
sector si.K days; to Verdun sector, October 18;
to Argonne offensive, was there until the
armistice was signed; shelled and attacked
all the time while in trenches, went over top
October 23; November 13 hiked 235 kilometers
to Chaumont and remained there until Decem-
ber 23; to Le Mans; to Brest. Sailed March
28 on the German ship Amerika; landed Boston
April 5, to Camp Devens; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out April 28, 1919.

FEBGUSON', EARI. J.

Stonn Ziake

Born April 29, 1889. Corp. Co. B. 1st Train-
ing Bn. Trained at Jefferson Barracks; Camp
MacArthur; Camp Dodge. Mustered out
December 23. 1918.

FITCHETT, AIiANSON M.

Newell
Born November 22, 1896. Enl. September
5, 1918. Trained: Camp Dodge until June 26.
1919; to Ft. Des Moines until October 22. 1919.
Mustered out October 22. 1919.

FITCHETT, HAROI.D Ii.

Coon To^^ship
Born December 18, 1894. Enl. December 14,

1917. Trained: Ft. Logan, assigned to Batt.

C. 62d Regt. as pvt.; at Presidio. California,
until June 13, 1918; to New York June 21.
Sailed on S. S. Baltic July 14; landed Liver-
pool July 26. Crossed Channel to Le Havre.
Transferred to Libourne; to St. Laurent from
August 3 until January 16, 1919; to camp near
Bordeaux January 17. Sailed on U. S. S. Poca-
hontas February 6; landed Newport News
February 19. To Camp Eustis three weeks;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 11, 1919.

FITZFATRICK, JEROME

Providence Township

Born September 13. 1891. Enl. February 24.

1918. Sgt. Co. C, 308th F. S. Batt. Third Army
Corps. Trained: Camp Dodge, pvt. Co. C, 163d

D. B.; to Camp Sherman, pvt. Co. C. 30Sth
F. S. B. Sailed on S. S. Megantic from Ho-
boken June 12; landed Liverpool June 23. To
Southampton; to Cherbourg. June 26. To
Eccomoy; to Nogent; to Conflans-Sainte-Honor-
ine; to Meaux; to Coulonges; to Dormans; to
Souilly; to Rampont; to Malancourt; to Cuisy;
to ?Tontfaucon; to Nantalois; to Septarges; to
Romagne; to Dun-sur-Meuse; began march to
Coblenz, Germany; to Brest. Sailed on U. S. S.
Pocohantas July 22; landed Hoboken August
1. 1919. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out August 8. 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUXT^'

FX.OVD, WIItXiIAM

Marathon
Born April 28, 1895. Enl. April 26, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. H, 359th Inf., 90th Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge 8 \veek.s; to Camp Travis; Camp
MilKs. June 7. Sailed on English transport
Ardunna. June 20; landed Liverpool July 2.
Celebrated July 4th at Winchester; crossed
Channel July 5; landed Brest. Six weeks
training at Rocey; to St. Mihiel sector August
19. on firing line 33 continuous days and while
on outpost duty was shot by pistol, bullet,
entering just below left eye severing some
nerves an4 went out through right eye tear-
ing out part of right cheek, the right side of
jawbone, cheek and p>'e; wounded September
22. Landed Hampton Roads January 1, 1919.
Has been in special hospital at Baltimore for
the blind, receiving twelve operations; on
December a, 1919. trans, to Walter Reid Hosp.
Washington for further treatment — classifica-
tion, 2-200 — is considered industrial-occupation
blind: brother killed on same front September
17, 1918. Is in hospital named above at present
time.

FOEIiI., VERNON

Storm liake
Born March 11, 1897. Enl. September 5, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. 19th Military Police. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Mustered out January 28, 1918.

FONTEY, HEIiMER
Iiiiin Grove

Born July 11, 1SS7. Enl. October. 1917.
Machinist in Aviation Section. Trained at
Salt Lake City: at Waco, Texas. Acted as ex-
pert machinist on turning lathe, then started
machines in field, then on wrecking crew.

FOOTE, FRANK B.

Brooke Township

Born February 19, 1890. f::nl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. 316th Replm. Regt. 79th Div.
Trained: Camp Gordon. Left Hoboken August
31 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest Sep-
tember 13. To St. Georges for training; to
Verdun; to the front in the Argonne Forest
for thirty days previous to signing of armis-
tice— four days without food; one of the few
men who held a sector that might have been
taken by the Germans had they known the
weakness of our force; November 11 was taken
to hospital with typhoid and trench feet; sailed
on hosp. ship Magnolia, January 22, 1919;
landed New York January 31. Expresses grati-
tude for services of Salvation Army and Red
Cross. Mustered out at Camp Dodge Febru-
ary 21, 1919.

FOOTE, JOHN FAVI.

Storm Iiake

Born December 22. 1S9S. Enl. October 1.
1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained with S. A. T.
C. Co., Iowa State College.

FOSMARK, GERHARD O.
Ijee Township

Born June lu. l^:rl. Knl. February 25. 1918.
Pvt. 351st Regt. 88th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge. Served in infantry until October, 1918;
trans, to Q. M. C. Depot Brigade, in hospital
service for five months. Mustered out Decem-
ber 26, 1918.

FOSTER, CIiARENCE HAROI-D
Storm Iiake

Born August 3, 1894. Enl. August 20, 1918.
Pvt. Machine Gun Co. 3d Group. 35th Training
Corps, M. G. Training Center, Camp Hancock.
Trained at Camp Gordon for three weeks; to
Camp Hancock three months. Mustered out
December 28, 1918.

FOSTER, I.OUIS I.OUVERNE
Storm liake
Born February 14, 1894. Enl. December 2,
1917. Ensign, U. S. Navy, assigned to U. S. S.
Western Coast. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; to
New York. Enl. as seaman 2d-cl. promoted to
ensign. Assigned to U. S. S. Western Coast,
October 31; sailed November 1 for Le Havre;
arrived Le Havre November 15, 1918. Laid at
the docks of Le Havre until January 1, 1918;
after two days out ran into storm and was
blown 150 miles off course; made Bermuda
Islands after 21 days at sea; stayed in Ber-
muda for two weeks making repairs on ship;
ship was put in dry dock and officers and crew
taken to receiving ship from which Foster was
released February 19, 1919.

FRANDSON, ARCHIE

Newell

Born February 3. 1SS;9. Enl. December 13.
1917. Q. M. C. Pvt. 307th Butchery Co. at-
tached to 3d Div. Trained: Camp Meigh.
Sailed from New York on S. S. Von Steuben
June 26, 1918; landed Brest May 8, 1918. Sent
to St. Nazaire on convoy duty principally to
American sectors with meat trains; was also
at Nantes in charge of warehouse. Sailed
for U. S. on S. S. Sierra, June 16, 1919; landed
New York June 26. Mustered out July 7,
1919.

Ralph V. liartin
Storm Lake

John i^'ai'i-eil <.;aliert,\-
Grant Township

Kugene T. < Jarton
Lee Township

Orrin C. <iarton
Lee Township

Maurice W. Gary
Poland Township

Vernette M. Gaskins
Linn Grove

Wallie E. Geary
Providence Township

lUifus Edward Geib
Marathon

Lawrence J. Geisinger
Storm Lake

Alburt Gerdes
Albert City

Christ Gerdes
Fairfield Township

Benjamin F. Giddings
Elk Township

Charles V. Gilchrist
Sioux Rapids

Floyd H. GilliUuid
Storm Lake

William K. Gillispie
Marathon

Eugene C. Glowrzewsky
Storm Lake

George A. Glowczewsky Roland E. Goldsmith

Storm Lake Storm Lake

F. V. Goodness
Storm Lake

Albert G. Gran
Storm Lake

Rudolph Ai'tliur Gran Edward Leiand Greene

Storm Lake Storm Lake

Royal Eugene Greengo
Sioux Rapids

Adolph Gregerson
Nokomis Township

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

FRANDSON, CARI^

Newell
Born January 13. 1889. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Inf. Trained
at Camp Gordon. Mustered out January 9,
1919.

FRAN-SEIT, CARI. Vt.

Albert City
Born April 25, 1896. Enl. September 20,

1917. Corp. Co. A. 35i:ith Int. SSth Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge; Camp Pilie; Camp Green, with
4th Div.; trans, to Camp Pike. 87th Div., until
March. 1918; to Camp Greene. Sailed on Italian
battleship Caserta May 10, 191S; landed Brest
May 3. In Brest three days; to Calais; bombed
by German airships; to front, served witli 41st
Regt.. 4th Div.; in Army of Occupation 7
months at Coblenz; in battles of Champagne.
Aisne. Argonne, St. Mihiel. Meuse-Argonne; in
action with French — no credit given. Sailed
September 1, 1919; landed Hoboken September
8. Mustered out at Camp Dodge September
26, 1919.

TREDERICK, FHII.IF

Storm Iiake
Born November 29, 1892. Enl. February 24,

1918. Trained: Camp Dodge; Camp Logan.
Pvt. Co. F, 132d Inf. 33d Div. Sailed May
15, 1918; landed May 24, 1918. Sailed home
May 9, 1919; landed May 17, 1919. Saw service
with A. E. F. at Argonne-Meuse, St. Mihiel
and Somme. Mustered out May 26, 1919.

FTJIiIiER, OIii: N.

Iiinn Grove

Born February 18. 1889. Enl. February 25.
1918. Horseshoer 49th Co. 20th Eng. Trained:
Camp Dodge: American University. Went to
France May 22, 1918; horseshoer in lumber
camp, also at Murat, and at Arangoose in
Pyrennes Mountains on boundary line of Spain.
Operated on for hernia twice in France.
Mustered out ApTil 3. 1919.

FTJI.I.I:r, SOFHIA (Nurse)
Iiinn Grove
Volunteered for service October 1, 1918,
during "flu" epidemic in Army Nursing Corps
at Base Hospital. Camp Custer. Graduate of
St. John's Hospital, Sioux City, Iowa; was
supt. of St. John's at time of volunteering.

FULTON, JOHN -W.

Storm liake
Born October 7, 1891. Enl. May 15, 1918.
2d Lieut. Recruit Training Offlci-r. Trained
for five months prior to entry into service in

Y. M. C. A. service at Atlanta, Georgia; en-
listed in the Marines at Atlanta; sent to the
Recruit Depot at Paris Island and was cliosen
to attend the N. C. O. School at termination
of recruit training; having completed the
course was granted a corporal's warrant and
chosen as one of the 70 men — Paris Island
quota — to attend the Second Officers' Training
Camp of the Marines at Quantico. Va. : on
graduation from this school commissioned 2d
Lieut, and stationed at Paris Island as re-
cruit training officer. Resigned commission
to return to Buena Vista College. Mustered out
July 15. 1919.

GAFFIN, RAI,FH Y.

Storm Italce
Born November 3, 1899. Enl. October 1,
1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained: Iowa State
College. Mustered out December 20. 1918.

GAHERTY, JOHN FARREI.I;

Grant Township

Born July 27, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. M, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon, trans, to Replm. Div. Sailed on XJ. S.
S. Plattsburg. August 30; landed Brest Septem-
ber 12. To St. George; to Verdun; to Issen-
court; joined 79th Div. October 29 at Genicourt;
in front lines in attack on Hill 378 Novem-
ber 4; in lines until November 11; to German
prison camp until November 29; to Base Hosp.
No. 31 with "flu," pneumonia, and typhoid;
operated on January 1 for en.vpyema; Febru-
ary 1 to Base Hosp. No. 79; April 19 to Base
Hosp. No. 69; to St. Nazaire. Sailed May 14
on Mercy; landed New York May 25. To Grand
Central Palace one week; to Ft. Sheridan;
home on leave August 23; returned for treat-
ment September 21; on furlough in Noveml:)er;
gradually regaining health and expected to be
discliarged early in 1920.

GARTON, EUGENE T.
Ijee Township

Born July 9, 1893. Enl. July 1, 1918. Water
tender. Trained: G. L. N. T. S.. July 1 tn
August 1; to Norfolk; boarded Iowa August
15; left Commonwealth Pier, Boston, sailed to
Montreal; sailed on Dancy October 31; landed
St. Nazaire November 25. By boat to Roche-
fort; to Cardiff, Wales, December 10 to 22;
Tonnchurente River December 25 to January
2. 1919; Newport. Wales. January 24 to 30:
Barry Docks January 30 to 31; to Rotterdam,
Holland, February 3 to 11; to Danzig. Germany,
February 15; to New Castle, England. March 1.
Released from G. D. N. T. S. September 15,
1919; still subject to call as reserve.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

GARTON. OBRIN C.

Iiee Township
Born October 13, 1891. Enl. May 15, 1918.
Wagoner, Batt. D, 163d Brigade, 337th Regt.
P. A, Trained: Dunwoody Institute May 16
to July 8; Cami) Dodge July 14 to Augu.st 15;
to Camp Mills. Left U. S. August 18 on trans-
port Bohemian from Hoboken; landed Liver-
pool August 31. To Southampton September 2;
crossed Channel to Le Havre September 4 on
Narragansett. To Clermont; Ferrand, Septem-
ber 8; trained two and one-half months at
Cetezeta; did motor work at Clermont October
13 to 27; December 3 arrived Camp St. Sul-
pice; to Bordeaux. Sailed January 8, 1919;
landed Hoboken January 19. To Camp Mer-
ritt January 20. Mustered out January 31,
1919. at Camp Dodge.

GARY, MAURICE W.

Poland Township
Born October 20, 1898. Enl. October 1,
1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained: Buena Vista
College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13, 1918.

English Channel to France. Remained a cook
during all time that he was in France. Sailed
from St. Nazaire, June 28, 1919, on the U. S.
S. Edgar F. Luckenbach. Mustered out July
15. 1919.

GEISINGER, I.AWRENCI: 3.

Storui Ijake

Born August 11, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained: Camp
Gordon three months; to Camp Shelby.
Mustered out December 30, 1918.

GERDES, AI.BI:RT

Albert City

Born December 17. 1885. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained: Camp
Gordon; Camp Merritt. Sailed August 31 on
U. S. S Plattsburg; landed Brest September
13. To St. George, trained there two weeks;
to Somme Forest and stayed one week; to tlie
front and stayed until the signing of the
armistice — in France 9 months; was in the
battle of Argonne Forest, at the front about
two weeks. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

GASKINS, VERNETTE M.
Iiinn Grove

Born February 14, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. 315th Inf. Sanitary Detach., 79th Div,
Trained: Camp Gordon. Sailed September
13; landed Brest September 31. Trans, to the
79th Div. October 23, attached to the 315th Inf.
San. Detach.; arrived at the front 18 miles
north of Verdun October 21, taking part in the
Meuse-Argonne offensive up to the time of
the armistice. Mustered out June 7, 1919.

GERDES, CHRIST

Pairfleld Township
Born December 19, 1893. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 116th Eng. 81st Div. Trained:
Camp Forrest; October 24 to Camp Merritt.
Embarked on U. S. S. George Washington No-
vember 1; landed Brest November 9. Novem-
ber 16 to N. J. Camp; to Louzerra. Sailed for
U. S. Dec. 27; landed Newport News January
9, 1919. To Jefferson Barracks. Mustered out
January 28, 1919.

GEARAI.I>, AI.BERT

Sioux Rapids
Born May 26. 1891. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. G, 5th Replm. Inf.. 5th Replm. Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon. Mustered out October 24,
1918.

GEARY, ■WAJ.I.TE E.

Providence Township
Born March 21, 1895. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mustered out December 8, 1918.

GEIB, RUFXTS EDV^ARD

Marathon

Born January 14, 1896. Enl. May 28. 1918.
Cook Co. 3, 34th Eng. Trained: Camp Taylor;
to Fort Benjamin Harrison; to Camp LTpton.
Sailed from Long Island August 16; landed
Liverpool August 28. September 1 crossed

GIDDIN6S, BENJAMIN P.
Elk Township

Born January 22. 1X93. Enl. February 25.
1918. Pvt. 314th Trains Hdq. Trained: Camp
Dodge one month, pvt. Co. H. 351st Inf. 8Sth
Div.: at Camp Upton, pvt. in 27th Eng.. there
was taken sick and was sent to camp hosp.
ward A-5 for two months: trans, to 29th Co.
D. B., then from 29th to 40th D. B.; to Camp
Mills, to 314th Trains Hdq. Sailed June 27
on Saxon; landed Glasgow, Scotland. To Win-
chester; to Southampton by boat; to Le Havre.
To Rimacourt; to Mein-la-Town; to Grosvire;
to Riececourt; to .Tubecourt; to Bouillanville;
on Toul sector: at St. Mihiel; Damphi.an sector;
to Meuse-Argonne sector; to Kylburg, Ger-
many, December 6 to May 11, 1919; to Toul;
to Brest. Sailed May 19 on Crown Prince
Fredrich Willielm: landed Hoboken May 27.
To Camp Upton; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out June 7, 1919.

Denton B. Gregg
Storm Lake

Walter Stewart Grey
Lee Township

Rudulpti liriellke

Nokomis Township

Tngebert Grodalil
Barnes Township

Knudt M. Grodahl
Barnes Township

Otis C. Grote
Sioux Rapids

Charles E. Gulling Charles Gustaf Gustafson

Washington Township Sioux Rapids

Eric J. Gustafson
Storm Lake

John A. Gustafson
Albert City

Carl R. Gustavson Ivar V. Gustafson

Maple Valley Township Maple Valley Township

William T. Gutel
Washington Township

UUo Liutz
Newell

Vernon Hiiahr
Coon Township

Conrad Haaland
Sioux Rapids

rc-

^'N

Oscar C. Haaland
Sioux Rapids

Harry Haarup
Washington Township

Lloyd B. Haburn
Hayes Township

Albert Hackerson
Fairfield Township

Clarence Edgar Hageman
Sioux Rapids

Burl J. Haight
Brooke Township

Walter George Hale
Lee Township

Albert F. Halverson
Lee Township

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA \ISTA COUNTY

GIXCERIST, CHABI^ES V.
Sioux Rapids

Born May 21. 1S91. Enl. .May 2U, IMIT. Pvt.
Co. M, 168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained: Cherokee,
Iowa, from May to August 20. 1917; to Des
Moines two weeks; to Camp Mills for two
weeks. Left U. S. October 18 from Hoboken
on U. S. S. President Grant; returned and went
over on Celtic: landed Liverpool. Crossed
Channel to Le Havre November 25, 1917. To
Rimacourt until October 1; to Lorraine front
October 1 to June 15, 1918; went over top
March 9, 1918; with Co. M took railroad at
Baccarat; to Champagne .July 4: in offensive
from July 14 to 20: moved to Chateau-Thierry
from July 21 to 28; wounded in arm and
shoulder by high explosive shell July 28; to
Field Hosp. No. 4; to Base Hosp. No. 116; to
Vichy; trans, to Base Hosp. No 8; at Savenay
September 25; to Brest. Sailed for U. S. Octo-
ber 8; landed Newport News October 21. To
Fort Des Moines October 26. Mustered out
July 14, 1919.

GIIiI^IIiAND, rtOYD H.
Storm Iiake

Born July 25, 1892. Enl. May 15. 1917. 1st
Lieut., Co. E, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained:
Ft. Snelling and Camp Dodge. Promoted to
2d Lieut; to 1st Lieut. Sailed for France; was
overseas from .^Xugust 11. 1918. to May 30,
1919. Center Hautp-.\lsace sector October 4 to
November 1; Argonne-Meuse November 8 to 11.
Mustered out June 20, 1919,

GII.I.ISFII:, WILLIAM K,
Marathon
Born June 8. 1900. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained: Iowa State College.
Mustered out December 9, 1918.

GLO'WCZEWSXY, EUGENE C.

Storm Iiake

Born February 25, 1888. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Bugler, Co. A, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge; to Camp Mills. Sailed for Eng-
land August 30, 1918. Saw active service;
short time in Germany; now at Ribeaucourt,
France.

GLOWCZEWSKY, GEORGE A.
Storm Lake

Born April 7, 1898. Enl. May 2, 1918. Sec,
Yeoman, Co. IS Rest. B. Trained: O. L. N.
T. S.; trans, to Brooklyn Navy Yard. Mustered
out at Brooklyn. June 1, 1919,

GOETHE, LOUIS FREDERICK

Grant Towusliip

Born July 12, 1887. Enl. February 20, 1918.
Pvt. Co. I, 130th Inf. 33d Div. Trained with
original assignment with Co. E, 351st Regt.
Left U. S. May 18, 1918.

GOLDSMITH, ROLAND E.

Storm Lake

Born December 13, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 315th Inf. 79th Div. Trained:
Camp Gordon one month; Co. D, 4th Replm.
Regt.; to Camp Merritt. Sailed for France
from Hoboken on U. S. S. Plattsburg, August
30, 1918; landed Brest September 12, To rest
camp one week; to St. George two weeks;
assigned to Co, E, 315th Inf, 79th Div.; to
Verdun sector; Belleau sector for two weeks,
wounded in right forearm by piece of shrap-
nel; to field hosp. out of Verdun: to Base
Hosp. No. 28 for two months; to Base Hosp.
No. 114 at Bordeaux three months. Sailed
March 19 on U. S. rf. Henderson: landed at
Hoboken April 2. To Debarkation Hosp. No,
3 twelve days; to Ft. Des Moines. Mustered
out July 2, 1919.

GOODNESS, F. V.

Storm Lake

Born .\pril 5. 1890. Enl. December 15. 1917.
Sergt. Ist-cl, Med. Corps. Trained at Camp
Dodge and Fort Des Moines. Promoted from
pvt. to Corp.. May 15, 1918: to sergt., July 1.
1918: to sergt. Ist-cl., June 1, 1919. Still in
service.

GRAN, ALBERT G,
Storm Lake
Born September 22. 1889. Enl. July 15. 1918.
1st Lieut, in Med. Corps. Trained: Camp
Meade; in base hosp. at Camp Meade; to Camp
Greenleaf, M. O. T. C. Mustered out May 28,
1919.

GRAN, RUDOLPH ARTHUR

Storm Lake
Born December 6, 1891. Enl. Dec. 12, 1917.
Ist-cl. Storekeeper. Co. F, 3d Regt., Cth Div.
Trained: G. L. N. T. S. Promoted from app.
seaman to Ist-cl. storekeeper. Transported
troops and provisions from IJ. S. to Bordeaux;
on land transport General W. C. Gorgas,
Mustered out July 14, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA \^LSTA COl'XTY

CrREENE, EDWARD ICELAND

Stonn Iiake
Born January 25, 1883. Enl. March 14. 1916.
2d Lieut.. 10th Batt. King'.s Own Yorkshire
Light Inf. 21st Div. 64th Brigade. Trained:
at Rugeley Camp, Stafford. England. Com-
missioned 2d Lieut. January, 1919. Served as
platoon commander with the 10th K. O. Y. L.
I. C Co., No. 10. Platoon; on the Arras front
June to August, 1916; later the battery moved
to the Somme region and took part in the
battle of the Somme, capturing the village of
Fluer; on the 17th of September while wait-
ing for a relieving battery was wounded and
sent home. Recovered from wounds and w'as
trans, to Corps of Royal Eng. ; again in action
on many fronts until sent home in the latter
part of 1918. Still in home service.

GREENGO, ROYAI. EUGENE
Sioux Rapids

Born July .3, IS'.U. i:nl. July 23. 191S. Pvt.
Recruit Co. No. 14. Motor Transport Corps.
Trained: Camp Maybray for two months; to
Kelly Field No. 1 for six weeks; to Camp John
Wise for two months' cour.se in telephone
work. Mustered out January 24, 1919.

GRIENKE, BUDOI.F C. F.

Nokomis Township

Born September 22. 1894. Enl. August 5,
1918. Sgt. 617th Motor Transport Corps.
Trained: Jefferson Barracks; Waco, Texas; to
Camp Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken on U. S.
S. President Grant September 18; landed St.
Nazaire October 6. To St. Aignan, trans, to
lieth Amm. Train; slightly wounded; to Paris,
trans, to 617th M. T. C. Sailed from Brest on
U. S. S. President Grant December 11; landed
Hoboken December 25. To Camp Merritt.
Mustered out January 8, 1920. Married while
in France to Miss Lucette Raymond.

GREY, WALTER STEWART
Ijee Tcwnship
Born October 31, 1898. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained; Buena Vista Col-
lege, Storm Lake, Iowa Mustered out Decem-
ber 13, 1918.

GRODAHI., INGEBERT

Barnes Township

Born April 1. isa."!. Enl, July 24. 1918. Corp.
4th Replm. Regt. Trained at Camp Gordon; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out January 9, 1919.

GREGERSON, ADOI.FH
Nokomis Township

Born February 9, 1897. KnI. September 5,
1918. Pvt. Co. F, 88th Regt. 19th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge from September 5 to January
24, 1919. Mustered out January 24, 1919.

GREGG, DEKTON B.

Storm Iiake

Born September 27, 1895. Enl. June 22,
1915. Sgt. Hdq. Co. 168th Inf. 42d Div.
Trained: spent winter of 1915-1916 with regt.
at Brownsville, Texas; when called for over-
seas service joined his regiment at Cherokee.
Iowa; trained at State Fair Grounds at Des
Moines; to Camp Mills. Sailed from Hoboken,
October 18; returned to port October 28; left
again November 14; landed Liverpool Decem-
ber 1. To Winchester; to Southampton: to Le
Havre. To Rimacourt; to Baccarat in Lor-
raine sector February 26 to June 19, 1918;
Champagne July 2 to 20; Chateau-Thierry July
25 to August 5; St. Mihiel September 12 to
September 26; Argonne October 12 to 24; Base
Hosp. No. 202 at Orleans October 26 to Jan-
uary 10. 1919. Sailed from Brest March 5;
landed Newport News, March 18, 1919.
Mustered out March 28, 1919.

GRODAHI., KNUDT M.
Barnes Township

Born October 8. lss7. I'^nl. September 20.
1917. Pvt. Co. H, 9th Regt., 2d Div. Trained:
Camp Dodge two months; to Camp Pike seven
months; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from Ho-
boken on Anselm June 20, 1918; landed Liver-
pool July 1, 1918. To Winchester two days;
to Southampton; to Cherbourg. To St. George
Training Camp for two weeks; moved toward
Paris, billeted there ten days; to Nancy; to
Morbecque; to St. Mihiel drive; to Champagne
drive ten days; to Argonne drive eleven days,
w-hen armistice was signed; took sick Novem-
ber 20, and was sent to hospital at AUevay for
five weeks; to Toul one month; to Bordeaux
one month. Sailed from Bordeaux March 25,
on Luckenbach; landed Hoboken .April 5. To
Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
April 24. 1919.

GROTE, OTIS C.

Sioux Rapids

Born November 2fi. 1899. Enl. .\pril 20,
1917. Coxswain on Miwaiu. Trained: G. L.
N. T. S.; Transferred to. U S. S, Rhode Island;
to Miwaiu. Made five comnl^te 'rios across;
three to France; two to Italy. Mustered out
January 28. 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

GROVE, EIiMEB EIiDRED
Newell

Born July 9, 1888. Enl. October 16, 1318.
Pvt. Veterinary Corps. 24th Hosp. Unit.
Trained at Camp Lee. Mustered out January
15. 1919.

GVI.I.ING, CHABXES E.
Washing-ton Township

Born October L'.'i. ISHG. ICnl. September 6.
1918. Pvt. 87th Inf. 19th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge with Depot Supply Co. Mustered
out January 27. 1919.

GURNEY, BERT
Alta

Born August 26, 1895. Enl. February 23,
1918. Sergt. Co. H. 56th Regt. Searchlight,
Eng-., 2nd Army Corps Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge. Co. B. 313th Eng.; Washington Barraclts,
Co. H. 65th Regt. Sailed from Newport News
August 14. 1918; landed Brest August 26. To
Paris, September 5; to Columbey; to Les
Bele October 15; to Thiaucourt; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed on Nancemond February 25; landed
Newport News March 11, 1919. To Camp Mor-
rison; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out March
22, 1919.

GUSTAPSON, J. ERIC
Storm Iiake

Born October 21, 1890. Enl. January 7, 1918.
Medical Examiner, Enlisted Reserve Corps of
Illinois. Began service in Med. Enl. R. C. as
pvt.; passed examination for hospital service
in Med. Officers' Corps; on Med. Adv. Board
J-3. Chicago; on Exemption Board at Chicago;
Examiner Enlisted Reserve Corps, of Illinois.
Mustered out January 9, 1919.

GUSTAVSON, CARI; R.
Maple Valley Township

Born June 29, 1890. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. B, 10th Ammunition Force 10th
Div. Trained: Camp Funston three months;
drove trucks from Detroit to Baltimore for
three months; transferred to Camp Funston.
Mustered out January 29. 1919.

GUSTAFSON, IVAB V.

Maple Valley Township

Born January 23, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.

Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Inf. Trained at Camp

(.Gordon for six months; trans, back to Camp

Dodge. Mustered out January 9, 1919.

GUSTAFSON, CKABI.es GVSTA7

Sioux Rapids

Born December 31, 1887. Enl. November 29.
1917; called January 15, 1918. Trained at
Austin. Texas; Camp Dick; Dorr Flying Field;
Barron Field. Second Lieutenant. Instructor
in cross-country flying at Barron Field.
Injured in crash February 15, 1918. Now
(October 20, 1918) in liospital at Ft. Sheridan.

GUSTAFSON, JOHN A.
Albert City
Born January 17. 1895. Enl. July 25. 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained:
Camp Gordon; Camp Merritt. Sailed from
New York August 30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg;
landed Brest September 12. To St. George; to
Verdun; to Genicourt; joined 79th Div. on
October 25; helped capture Hill 378 on Novem-
ber 4; relieved on November 7; back in front
lines on November 10 and holding lines when
armistice was signed; November 15 to Camp
near Reville; to Heippes; to Tiftanges; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed on U. S. S. Kroonland May
16; landed Hoboken May 26, 1919. To Camp
Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 8,
1919.

GUTEI., WII.I.IAM T.
Washington Township

Born August 13, 1895. Enl. February 25,
1918. Pvt. Ist-cl.. Co. E, 351st Inf., 88th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge; trans, to Camp Hous-
ton; to Camp Upton two weeks. Sailed from
Camp Upton May 16 on U. S. S. Mt. Vernon;
landed Brest May 24. To Abbeville June 9; to
Amiens sector June 20 to August 23; to Trou-
ville-en-Barrois in Toul sector August 26; to
Verdun sector September 6; engaged in Meuse-
Argonne offensive September 26 to November
11; moved to Luxemburg Deceniber 1; sta-
tioned there until March 1. 1919; to Brest.
Sailed on U. S. S. Mt. Vernon May 9; landed
New Tork May 17. To Camp Mills; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out May 26, 1919.

GUTZ, OTTO

Newell
Born January 9, 1888. Enl. December 10,
1917. Chauffeur 23d Balloon Co. Trained at
Kelly Field. Promoted from pvt. to chauffeur.
Further instruction at Camp Morriston. Saw
service in France at Coetquidan. Sailed from
France January 11. 1919. Mustered out Febru-
ary 11, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

HAAHR, ASOI.fr MARINUS

Alta
Born December 27, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A. 316th Inf., T9th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon in Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt.
Sailed from New York September 1; landed
Brest September 13. To St. George; to Meuse
sector, entered line of fighting October 20. and
remained in line of fighting until November 11;
to training camp; to Deuxmond; to Orquevaux:
to Rimacourt; to Nantes. To St. Nazaire.
Sailed on U. S. S. Texan; landed Philadelphia.
May 29, 1919. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out
June 8. 1919.

HAABUF, HARRY

Washingiiou Township
Born April 19, 1891. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Corp. 79th Div., Military Police. Trained at
Camp Gordon, pvt. Co. A. 4tli Keplm, Inf.; to
Camp Merritt. Sailed on U. S. S. Plattsburg
September 1; landed France September 13.
To Argonne sector; took part in Meuse-Argonne
Trojan drives; at Switzerland, border guard-
ing troop train; stationed at Verdun wlien town
was shelled. Sailed from St. Nazaire May 16;
landed Philadelphia May 28; sailed on boat
Dakota. To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June in. 1919.

KAAHR, VERNOIT
Coon Township
Born April 25, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Ist-cl. Co. E, 313th Inf., 79th Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon until August 25. Left U. S.
from Hoboken on U. S. S. Plattsburg in Sep-
tember; landed Brest September 12. To St.
Georges until September 30; joined 79th Div.
at Ruft and moved to Verdun sector October
28; in Meuse sector on Verdun front from
November 4 to 11; moved from front November
13 to Duie; trans, to Verdun November 27; to
Base Hosp. No. 42 December 9 to January 17,
1919; to La Fuch April 23; to Cholet; to St.
Nazaire May 11. Sailed on Pasando May 16;
landed Newport News June 2. To Camp Hill;
to Camp Stewart; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out June 12, 1919.

HAAI.AND, CONRAD
Sioux Rapids

Born November 19, 1898. Enl. January 1,
1917. Gunnery Sergt., Marine Corps. Trained
at Paris Island. At the present is in radio
service, having been trans, from Mare I.sland
to Marine Detachment, Pekin, China.

HAAI.ANII, OSCAR C.
Sioux Rapids

Born May 30, 1896. Enl. May 25, 1917. Pvt.
Ist-cl. Co. E, 168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained at
Sheldon. Iowa, and Des Moines. Iowa. Sailed
on U. S. S. Baltic November 3, 1917; out four
days and returned to port for repairs; left
again three weeks later and landed Liverpool in
December. After two weeks went to Le Havi'e.
To training camp at Parancey for 30 days;
ordered to Baccarat for three weeks, outfitted
for front; to Lorraine; to Champagne; to the
Aisne and Marne rivers in the Chateau-Thierry
fight; to St. Mihiel; to Meuse-Argonne; to
Sedan; marched to Germany; to Brest, April
7. Landed Hoboken April 25, 1919; made trip
on the Leviathan. Mustered out May 23, 1919.

HABURN, I.I.OYD E.
Hayes Township

Born April 4. 1896. Enl. September 19, 1918.
Pvt. Co. G, 350th Inf. and Co. F, 347th Inf.
Trained at Camp Dodge; Camp Pike; trans,
to Little Rock, Arkansas, wliere he served in
Provost Guard Co. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge January 2, 1919.

HACKERSON, AI-BERT
Fairfield Township

Born May 6, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. E, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon July 26 to August 26. Sailed on U. S.
S. Plattsburg August 28; landed September
10, at Brest. To St. Georges; to Verdun, there
assigned to the 79th Div.; October 23 at Ar-
gonne-Meuse sector, gassed and shell-shocked
November 1; November 15 to American Field
Hosp. No. 8; to American Base Hosp. No.
80 at Beaume, November 18; left December
18 for Bordeaux to American Base Hosp. No.
106; February 10 to Brest. Sailed on the
U. S. S. Great Northern February 22; landed
Hoboken March 3, 1919. To Debarkation Hosp.
No. 2 at Staten Island; March 14 to Camp
Dodge Base Hosp. Mustered out May 1, 1919.

HADI.EY, FRED WII.BUR

Rembrandt
Born October 8, 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Supp. Co. 23d Inf. 2d Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed August 28; landed Brest
September 12. Deiiarkrd sick witli "liu"; t'l
Verdun front October 12 with 5th Div. 6th
Inf. until armistice was signed; transferred to
2d Div.; hiked 600 kilos, to guard the Rhine;
to Coblenz; left Coblenz May 21. Sailed for
U. S. June 12 on U. S. S. Great Northern;
landed New York June 19, 1919. Received
some training while in France at Le Mans
and Lasoye. Mustered out July 11, 1919.

ter''^^^

Delbert M. Halverson
Barnes Township

Marvin B. Halverson
Barnes Township

Tennis O. lialverson
Barnes Township

Russell R. Hamm
Marathon

Knute W. Hammerstrom Carl C. Hansen

Marathon Newell

Lars Hansen
Providence Township

Marcus E. Hansen
Nokomis Township

Ross H. Hansen
Nokomis Township

Theodore Ole Hansen
Fairfield Township

Cliarlev B. Hanson
Elk Township

Hans C. Hanson
Elk Township

Harvey F. Hanson
Newell

Jens C Hanson
Scott Township

Jesse O. Hanson
Barnes Township

Myron Henry Hanson
Barnes Township

Wilford Hanson
Lee Township

Ivar V. Harald
Albert City

George W. Hardyman
Storm LaKe

Amandel Haroldson
Barnes Township

Comyn Haroldson
Rembrandt

Edward S. Haroldsim Henry L. Haroldson

Barnes Township Scott Township

Talelta Haroldson
Barnes Township

lOO

U).\\)K kOl.L ()[' ISUJiXA \ ISTA COLNIA

HAGEMAM', CI.ARENCE EDGAR

Sioux Rapids
Born j!ii\U!uy IJ, ISSUi. ICiil. November 26.
1>>17. Cook lst-i-1. TnUiied at G. L. N. T. S.
Sailed from Newport News on U. S. S. West-
erner June 20; landed St. Nazaire AuKust 25.
To Ua rolioe; to Newport News; to Trieste.
Austria; to Newport News; to St. Nazaire;
to New York; to G, 1- N. T. S. Mustered out
August 2SI. liiUi.

HAIGHT, TREVOR TAI.MAGE
Brooke Towusliip
Born March ■). ISiU. Knl. April 'J. 1918.
Sergt.. 2d Hegt. F. A. K. D. SSth IMv. Trained:
I'vt. in Co. C. Technical School. Madison.
Wisconsin; to Field Artillery Oflicers' Train-
ini; School, t^amp Taylor; pronioted to coi'p.
June 12; to sergt. July 12. Mustered out No-
vember 30. ISIS.

HAIGHT. BURI. J.
Brooke Township
Born February 11. 1888. Knl. October 4.
1917. Sergt. Co. O. 3(;2d Inf. 'list Div. Trained
at t^amp Lewis and Montigney-le-Uoi. Finance.
Sailed July t> on Kinpress of liussia from New
York: hmded Liverpool July 17. IS'18. To Le
Havre July 21. Trained in the Pept. of Meuse
until September 1; ordered to reserves at St.
Mihiel: to Arsonne sector lielow Verdun; took
charge (^f trenches September 20; over the
top Se|>tember 26; to hosp. October 1. very
slightl.v wounded; div. ordered to go to the
Flanders front in Belgiun\ October 10; joined
the div, on November !': started toward the
front and was under tire for a few hours be-
fore the Uth of November, Ueturned to l'. S.
To Camp Merritt: to Fort P. A, Uussell.
Mustered out May 1, 19iy.

HAIGHT, HARRY M.

Elk Township
Born November :i. ISSS. i;nl. July 12. 1!>15.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. B, 142d Inf.. 36th Piv. Trained
with Co. M. 2ii Unva Inf.. 34th l>iv, at t.'an»i>
Cody: trans, to 127th M. O. Bn. in October.
1017; to Co. I. lS3d Inf. December 24: to M. O.
Bn. 133d Inf. March 1, 1018. Sailed October
IS: landed Liverpool October 24. 1018. sailed
on Knglish ship .\nchises. Went forward with
replacement troops November 8: was attached
to Co. B. 142d Inf.. StUh Piv.: spent winter
with 36th Piv, in 16th Training Area, Sailed
from Brest on cruiser Pueblo May 10, 1010:
landed May 31. 1010. Mustered out June 9,
1019.

HAIGHT, HOMER A.
Elk Tcwnsliip
Born December 1. 1S06. Knl. July 15. 1018.
Trained at G, L. N, T. S.; made three trips on
the .\niphion bringing home troops: at present
in L'. S. Naval Hosp. recovering from injuries
received from a fall on ship.

HAI.E. WAI.TER GEORGE
Iiee Township

Horn September 27. ISOO. l-:nl. September

21. 1017. Pvt. Co. I, 345th Inf. 87th Piv.
Trained at Camp Podge September 21 to No-
vember 23, 1017: Camp Pike, November 25 to
June 15, 1018: Camp Pix June 15 to October

22. 1918. Left New York on Cedric October
24: landed Liverpool September 5. To South-
ampton: to I,.e Havre September 0, To south-
eastern France: to Facey: attended gas school
until the armistice was signed: to Brest Pe-
cember 8, Sailed on Agamemnon December 28:
landed Hoboken Januai'y 5. 1010. Mustered
out January IS. 1010.

HAIiVERSON, AI.BERT F.
Iiee To'wnship
Born August 11. 1802. Knl. July 24. 191S.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. M and Hdijrs. 316th Regt. Inf.
79th Div. Trained at Camp Gordon from
Jul.v 25 to August 22. Sailed from Hoboken on
I'. S. S. Plattsburg: landed Brest September
12. To St. Georges for training from Septem-
ber IS to October 10; to Verdun front Octol>er
12: trans, to Issencourt and remained there
until November 11; on patrol duty until Janu-
ary 1. 1010: stationed at Heipps until Febru-
ary 8. 1010: to Trampot from Februar.v 26 to
April 1: to Clisson until May 15. Sailed from
St. Nazaire on l". S. S. Texan May 17; landed
at Philadelphia May 20. To Camp Pix; to
Camp Podge. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

HAI.VERSON. DEI.BERT M,
Barnes Township

Born August 7. lS;i6, lOiil. June 2S. 1017.
Sergt, 15th Kegt, Aviation. Marine Reserve
Flying Corps. Trained at Navy Yard Phila-
delphia: to O. L, N. T. S.: reported June 28.
lOlS. at Marine Bairacks. Lca.gne Island: de-
tached aviation duty at G, L. N. T. S.; tempo-
rary compan.N' commander. Keleased from
Marine Flying Field, Miami. Florida. February
20. 1019.

HONOR ROI.

I'.UEN'A \1STA e'Ol'X'lA'

lOI

HAIiVERSON, MARVIN B.
Barnes Township
Boin February 4, 18117. linl. September 5,
11)18. Pvt. Co. F, 88th Uegt., 10th Dlv.; trans.
to Mefl. Corp.s. Wnvl De.s Moines. Trulnoil at
<'amp Dodge nine inonth.s; to Fort I'>e.s Moines
iliiMl Octiilior I'll, llllll. Mustered out Oi-tolior

UN. mill.

hai.vi:rson, tennis O.
Barnes Township

Horn Hi'iitciiilicr 1:;, i.siil. Ku\. .lul.v 2t. 11118.
Pvt. ("o. IJ, .'illith Inf. "lUh Dlv. Trained at
Camp (lordon three weeks; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed on V. S. S. PlattsburR August SO;
landed Brest Seiitember 12. To St. (leorges;
to \'erdun sector September 30; under shell
fire at Ai'gonne for twenty-one days; al'ter
armistice to Serecourt and Donnur about a
month; to Uimaucourt; to Georges two weeks;
to St. Nazaire. Sailed May IG on U. S. S.
Texan; landetl Philadelphia May 20. 'I''o ('amp
Dix; to Canip i lod^e. Mustered out June 8,
1010.

HAMM, RUSSEI.I. R.

Marathon
Born Decenibcr 21, 1800. lOiil. October 1,
1018. Pvt. 10th Int. S. A. T. C. Trained at
Iowa State College — studied electrical engi-
neering. Mustered out December 18, 1018.

HAMMERSTROM, KNUTE W.
Marathon

Born .luly 2(1, 1808. Kn\. Scptcinlicr 2. 1010.
Pvt. lOth Co. .''ith Marines, 2d Dlv. Trained
at Paris Island to December 2; on board Bat-
tleship New Hampshire to Santo Domingo,
I'Jast Indies; stationed at Santo Domingo on
guard duty January, 1917. to Novcmlior, 1017;
returned to tlie U. S. In December, 1917. Sailed
from New Yoi'k Di'cember 8. 1017. on S. S. De-
Kalb; landed St. Nazaire December 25. To
Brcauvannes and trained there until Marc^h
12, 1018; to Verdun sector March IS until A|iril
15; to Belleau Woods; in offensive fr-om .lune
C to 17; held lines alongside until Jui.v 10; to
Soissons sector and engaged in battle July
18 to 20; to Toul sector and engaged In St.
Mihlel offensive September 12 to 18; to Cham-
jiagne and engaged in offensive from Seiitem-
luM- .'10 to Octobei* 4; wounded by high explo-
sive shell in both thighs, itnee, shouhler and
head; taken to K. C. l-losp. No. 5, Paris until
January 15, 1010; to Blols to January 30.
Sailed from St. Nazaire on Princess Matoka,
February 2; landed Newport News Feb. 14.
To Quaiitico, Virginia; sixty day furlougii; re-
turned for discharge on account of disa,billty at
Quantico. Mustered out .lunc 13, 1010.

HANSEN, CARIi C.
Newell
Born August 4, 1802. Knl. April 1. 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 332d Inf. 83d Div. -l-r-.-uncd at
Camp Sherman. Landed Liverpool June 15. To
Soutliamplon; crossed Knglish Channel on cat-
tle boat to Le Havre. To Mandres from June
10 to July 2(') drilling ten liours every da.v;
under order of (leneral Pei'shing regt. sent to
Italy; to Villa, France; to Valeggio; October 28
to Trevlso, Italy, until ordered to firing line;
battalion re-located at Trevlso on Thanksgiv-
ing day, hiked all the way four days; to Genoa.
Sailed from Genoa, Italy on Italian ship Duke
A'osta February 20; landed New Yor'k April
13. To Camp Merritt; following Monday
paraded in New York (^ity from Washington
to 02d Street on I'^iflli A\'enue. Mustered out
May 2. 1910.

HANSEN, I.ARS

Providence Township

Born April 10. I KOI. Mni. February 25, 1018.
Pvt. Co. II, llOlii inf. 30th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodgi-; Camp Sevier; Camp Merritt.
Sailed on Ilaverfoid from Philadelphia Ma.v
II; landed Liverpool May 27. To Dover; to
Calais, 'i'o Atlantic; to Belgium near Ypres;
to St. I'ol; t<i St. Quentin sector. In attaclc
on Hindenburg lino September 20; captured
by Germans when wounded by machine gun
liullet In shoulder and shrapnel In hip; to Ger-
man hosp. In northern France; to Prison
('amp Merrill in (icrmnri.\' for one month; to
Camp Geeson until November 18; to Metz to
casual camp; to comjiany at Wewaan; to Le
Mans; to St. Nazaire. Sailed on U. S. S.
ilc'i'on Marcii 21. 1010; landed Ciiiirleston, S. C.,
April 3. To Caini> .lackson; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out Aiiril 12, 1919.

HANSEN, MARCUS E.
NokonilB Township
Born November 21, 1893. Knl. May 17,
1917, Sergt, Ist-cl. Med. Dept. Trained at
Presidio, California, 7 weeks; to Camp I lodge.
Promoted to corp., to sergt., to sergt. Ist-cl.
Served for 23 months In Medical Dept. at
Base IIosp. at Camp Dodge. Mustered out
July 10. 1010.

HANSEN, ROSS H.
Nokoinls Township
Born March 29, 1896. Enl. April 20, 1018.
Seaman. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. Sailed
from Norfolk May 24, 1018 on S. S. Mongolia;
landed Brest ,lune 8. To Aviation Station at
Panilac; to Primboef Aviation Station for

I02

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Ave months; to St. Nazalre. Sailed for U. S.
on Susquehanna November 25; landed Norfolk
December 15. Came home on furlough for
15 days. Sent to Key West for three months;
sailed along coast to Charleston; sent to St.
Louis. Mustered out July 3. 1919.

HANSON, HABVEY F.

Newell

Born April 16, 1896. Knl. January 5. 1918.
Machinist's Mate. Air Squadron No. 3, Naval
Aviation. Trained at Charleston, S. C; at
Ponsacola. Florida, in flying. Mustvred out
February 5, 1919.

HANSEN, THEODORE OI.E

FairHeld Township

Born March 30, 1887. Enl. July 25, 1918.
Pvt. M. G. Co. 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon; Camp Merritt. Sailed from
New York August 30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg;
landed Brest September 12. To St. George;
to Verdun: to Issencourt; to Dead Man's Val-
ley; joined 79th Div. here on November 7;
November 13 to Etraye until December 27; to
Chercourt; to Bouisson for three weeks; to
Cuzon; to St. Nazaire. Sailed May 17 on the
U. S. S. Texan: landed Philadelphia May 29.
To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
June 9, 1919.

HANSON, CKABI.EY B.
Elk Township
Born December 3, 1894. Enl. August 20.
1918. Pvt. "Wagon Train, Q. M. C. Trained at
Camp Gordon for three weeks; Camp McClel-
lan 7 months. To Camp Dodge for mustering
out. Mustered out April 2. 1919.

HANSON, HANS C.
Elk Township
Born October 11, 1896. Enl. June 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge six weeks; to Camp Upton. .Sailed
for England August 11 on S. S. Delta; landed
England August 25. Crossed Channel to Cher-
bourg. To Semur; to Chagne; to front for
11 days: to Vescemont for two weeks; to
Toul sector until armistice was signed;
worked back to St. Nazaire. Sailed on U. S. S.
Aeolus May 19; landed Newport News May
30, 1919. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out
June 7. 1919.

HANSON, HARRY H.

Brooke To-wnship
Born March 13, 1897. Enl. August 14, 1918.
Mech. Motor Transport Corps. Trained at
Highland Park College 7 days. Discharged
August 22, 1918, by reason of physical dis-
ability.

HANSON, JENS C.
Scott Township

Born February 6, 1897. Enl. September 5.
1918. Pvt. 15th Balloon Co. 21st Regt., 19th
Div., Coast Art. Trained at Camp Dodge in
D. B. for two months; to Ft. Barracks, Pen-
sacola, Florida, two montlis. during this time
the armistice was signed and he was sent
back to Camp Dodge. Mustered out January
2, 1919,

HANSON, JESSE O.

Barnes Township
Born July 21, 1893. Enl. February 26, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. E, 351st Inf. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge until August 7; to Camp Mills.
Sailed on Scotian from Hoboken August 16;
landed Liverpool August 28. To Brockwood;
to Camp Stony Castle; to Cherbourg September
2. To Les Laumes; hiked to Paulinet Sep-
tember 7: billeted in an old castle whicli was
built in the year 1554, after drilling there, left
September 14 for Champau for further drill;
into lines October 19 in a quiet sector near the
Swiss border in Alsace-Lorraine; to Belfort,
billeted in a village, Chau.x; November 10 to
Argonne and Meuse fi'ont, but did not get
into action; arrived Francheville, near Toul;
at Francheville until November 28; hiked to
Houdelainscourt, maneuvered and drilled until
ordered to do convoy work into Germany; May
4 tjack to Houdelainscourt: to Gondrecourt; to
Avoys; to St. Nazaire May 18. Sailed on U. S.
S. Mercury May 20; landed Newport News
May 31. To Camp Hill two days; to Camp
Dodge — paraded in city of Des Moines.
Mustered out June 7, 1919.

HANSON, nCYRON HENRY
Barnes Township

Born December 6, lS9.'i. Enl. February 25,
1918, Pvt. Co. A, 129th Inf. 33d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Logan: pvt. Co.
E, 351st Regt. 8Sth Div. at Camp Dodge; pvt.
Co. A, 129th Inf. 33d Div. at Fort Logan.
Sailed from Hoboken on Covington May 10;
landed Brest May 23. To Medeire: to Somnie
front; maneuvered at Swa-upa-Treze until Sep-
tember 7; to Verdun September 7; to Vei'dun
until October 6; gassed in Argonne woods

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 103

October 6; sent to Base Hosp. No. 23; to Base
No. 9, October 28; to Le Mans November 16;
to Forwarding Camp, where he joined original
CO. at Ettelbruck Ruxenberg December 31; to
Brest. Sailed from Brest May 15 on Levia-
than; landed Hoboken, May 22, 1919. Mustered
out June 2, 1919.

HANSON, Vrri.FORD

Iiee To'wuship
Born November 29, 1895. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. A, 129th Inf. 33d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge February 25 to April 5; Camp
Logan April 5 to May 5, 1918. Left New
York May 10 on transport Covington; landed
Brest May 23. At Brest three weeks; to Moline
Woods two weeks; to Ergries from June 15 to
30; to Somme front near Corbie for one week;
to Verdun front August 20; drilled for two
weeks then went into Argonne drive Septem-
ber 26; under shell Are from July 19 to Octo-
ber 5; gassed by mustard near Aisne on
Meuse river; to Base Hosp. at Vittel from
October 5 to November 5; to Chatauroux from
November 5 to Dfcember 7; to St. Agnew
Casual Camp. Sailed from St. Nazaire Jan-
uary 5, 1919; landed Newport News Juanuary
17, 1919; To Camp Funston; to Camp Dodge
from February 1 to April 29. Mustered out
April 29, 1919.

HARDEN GEORGE W.
Storm Iiake

Born February 22, 1895. Enl. April 26, i;il8.
Pvt. M. G. Co., District of Paris. Trained at
Camp Dodge four months; Camp Upton two
weeks. Sailed August 14 on Kashmir; landed
Liverpool August 27. Crossed channel to Cher-
bourg. To Alsace sector for training for six
weeks; trans, to Officers' Training School at
LaVallbone until January 1, 1919; sent to
Paris eight and one-half months. Sailed for
U. S. September 27, 1919, on Orizaba; Hnilc d
Hoboken October 6. To Camp Merritt; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out October 12, 1919.

HARDYMAN, GEORGE VT.

Storm liake
Born September 27, 1889. Enl. April 26, 1918.
Pvt. 59th Mach. Gun Bn. Trained: Was
placed in Co. A, 338th M. G. Bn., and three
weeks later was trans, to Fort Leavenworth
into the Med. Detach. 5th Field Telegraph Bn.
Sailed July 7, 1918; landed July 21 in France.
To Dijon and there attached to the 59th Mach.
Gun Bn.; sent to front for two months: re-
joined the battalion at Orleans and was trans,
into the hospital at that place; January 1 was

trans, to Military Police duty: left Orleans
March 19; to Brest March 24. Sailed April
17; landed Hoboken April 31. 1919. Mii.stered
out at Fort D. A. Russell May 19, 1919.

HA^OKD, IVAK V.

Albert City
Born November 20. 1896. Enl. September 5.
1918. Pvt. Signal Corps Hdqrs. Co.. 88th Regt.
19th Div. Trained at Camp Dodge from
September 5. 1918, to January 22, 1919.
Mustered out January 22, 1919.

HAROIiDSON, AMANDEI^

Barnes Townsliip
Born January 31, 1895. Enl. September 18.

1917. Pvt. M. G. Co. 363d Regt. 91st Div.
Trained at Camp Lewis. Left the U. S. July 5,
191S. on Russian ship Empere; landed Liver-
pool. Engaged in St. Mihiel offensive; battle
of the Argonne; and Argonne-Meuse. Returned
to the U. S. on Haverford, March 21, 1919.
Mustered out at Ft. D. A. Russell April 15.
1919.

HAROI.DSON, COMYN BERNHARDT

Rembrandt
Born September 2, 1896. Enl. October 7,
1915. Chief Yeoman. Trained at G. L. N. T.
S. Served aboard the U. S. S. Connecticut do-
ing guard and transport duty. Mustered out
August 28. 1919.

HAROI^DSON, EDWARD S.

Barnes Township
Born June 4, 1894. Enl. May 25, 1917. Corp.
Co. B, 5th Eng. Trained at Fort Logan; to
El Paso: to Corpus Christi. Sailed July 31;
landed Brest August 12. To Pone-en-Nessen
barracks five days; to Aisy; to Amancot-on
Yovve; to Chaligney; to front lines; to St.
Mihiel sector; September 26 to Minoville two
weeks; to front at Puvenille Woods October
9 to November 10; to Thiaucourt; to billets at
Eyvezen from December 5 to January 1; to
Rosieres one week; to Francheville; to Brest.
Sailed February 15, 1919; landed New York
February 21; sailed on U. S. S. George Wash-
ington. Mustered out at Camp Dodge March
25, 1919.

HAROI.DSON, HENRY I..
Scott Township

Born February 15, 1899. Enl. October 13.

1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena
Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered
out December 13. 1918.

Thov Reuben Haro'dson
Barnes Towsnhip

Lyle G. Harrison
Storm Lake

Harold Hartley
Lincoln Township

Jacob J. Haywood
Storm Lake

Raymond E. Heard

Poland Township

Englebrecht Constantine

Hedin

Sioux Rapids

Leslie Helberg
Storm Lake

Chris F He-nmingson
Newell

Elmer E. Henniiif^suu
Lincoln Township

Hans C. Henrickson
Newell

Walter R. Hensel
Barnes Township

Henry \\". 11^;.... .nr^
Maple A'alley Township

John W. Henseling
Maple Valley Township

William U. Heschke
Storm Lake

Otto E. Hesla
Linn Grove

Ko: 1 •■ ' ^^^ 1 li kiiian
Rembrandt

Allen Higgins
Grant Township

Karl L^ Highley
Storm Lake

Burnie Franklin Hildebrand Charles E. Hildebrand
Marathon Marathon

Donald Hill
Storm Lake

Lvall W. Hinch
Poland Township

Merle J. Hines
Newell

Rov D. Hissong
Alta

io6

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

HAROI.DSON, HERBERT T.

Rembrandt
Born September 23, 1888. Enl. April 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 338th M. G. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp r>odse.

HAROI.DSOIT, TAIETTA (Nurse)
Barnes TotohsMp

Born January in. 188S. Volunteered in Jan-
uary, 1918; enlisted June 1, 1918. Nurse, U. S.
A. N. C. Trained at Swedish Hosp., Minneapo-
lis, three years. Upon enlistment assigned to
Fort Des Moines for two months: to New
York three weeks. Sailed September 2 on
Aquatania; landed Southampton September 9.
Crossed Channel to Le Havre. To Langres
Base Hosp. No. 88; stationed near Chaumont
on duty at Base Hosp. No. 88 and Base Hosp.
No. 53 until March 1, 1919; trans, back to
Base Hosp. No. 52 until it was closed on June
6. 1919. Received French citation at Base
Hosp. No. 53. To Bordeaux Embarkation Base
for two weeks; to Saraney three weeks; to
Kerchun; to Brest. Sailed for U. S. July 8,
on Emperator; landed Hoboken July 15, 1919.
To New York ten days; to Ft. Riley for six
weeks; to Denver. Still in service when this
information was coinpiled.

HAROI.DSON', THOR REUBBM-

Barnes Township
Born April 26, 1898. Enl. April 20, 1918.
Pvt. 13th Vet. Hosp. Unit, Vet. Corps. Trained
at Fort Riley; Camp Lee. Left for France
October 25; landed France, November 9.

HARRIS, RAI.FH MTTBBOCK

Sioux Rapids

Born January 9. 1899. Enl. April 21, 1917.
Fireman 2d-cl. on U. S. S Great Northern.
Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; at Navy Yard.
Portsmouth, N. H. ; to U. S. S. Kearsarge.
Sailed from New York December 11, 1917. on
U. S. S. Antigone; landed at St. Nazaire
December 25 with 3,000 troops; returned to
New York and made trip to Brest, France, on
Antigone; transferred March 20, 1918. to re-
ceiving ship at New York; to U. S. S. Great
Northern July 12. Made five trips to Brest
with troops on Great Northern. Mustered out
January 23. 1919.

HARRISOK, I.YT.E G.

Storm Ziake

Enl. March 23, 1918. Pvt. Batt. D, 3d F. A.
6th Div. Trained at Camp Doniphan, assigned
to Batt. F. 11th Field Artillery, 6th Ui\i-
slon; transferred to Batt. D, 3d F. A. 6th Div.
October 7, 191S. Left Brest June 16, 1919, on
U. S. S. Kansas; landed Newport News June
27, 1919. Mustered out at Camp Dodge, July
9, 1919.

HARRISON, I.YSI.E G.
Storm Iiake

Born December 23, 1899. Enl. March 21.
1918. Pvt. Batt. D, 11th F. A. 6th Div. Trained
at Fort Sill. Sailed July 14, 1918; landed
Liverpool July 26. Trained for two and a half
months at Valdalion, France; and one and a
lialf montlis at Villouwell; mo\ ed in the
14th Training Area; Hdq. at Agimy Le Due;
left for Brest June 9, 1919; transferred from
Batt. F, 11th P. A. to Batt. D, 3d F. A. Octo-
ber 7, 1919. Sailed from Brest June 16; landed
U. S. June 27, 1919. Mustered out July 9,
1919.

HARTI.BY, HAROI.D R.
Iiincoln Township

Born September 30, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. L, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed to France. Was in
foreign ser% ice from August 30, 1918, to Jan-
uary 9, 1919. On Verdun front October 28 to
November 3; slightly wounded November 3;
to hospital 24 days. Sailed for U. S. with
Casual Co. 113. Mustered out January 27,
1919.

HAVII.AND, ARTHUR
Storm Iiake
Born December 21, 1895. Pvt. Co. 123, D. B.
Inf. Trained at Camp Dodge.

HAWK, JAMES G.

Marathon
Born December 16, 1896. Enl. June 11, 1917.
Sergt. M. G. Co. 20th and 70th Inf. 10th Div.
Trained at Fort Douglas until June 30, 1918;
Camp Funston until February 12. 1919.
Mustered out in August. 1919.

HAYWOOD, JACOB J.

Storm liake

Born November 29, 1895. Enl. April 1917.
Pvt. Co. D, 103d Motor Supply Train. Trained
as pvt. Co. M, 168th Inf., 42d Div. at Chero-
kee, Iowa; to Camp Cody, trans, to Co. D, 103d
Motor Supply Train, at Camp Cody five
months; to Detroit and assigned to work in
Co. D, 103d Motor Supply Train. Sailed over-
seas. Trans, to Motor Supply Train in 4th
Div.; later stationed at Coblenz; drove truck
among number sold by the U. S. Government
to Poland; was volunteer in Polish Relief
Expedition; was in England; shell-sliocked.

HEARD, RAYMOND £.
Poland Township

Born April .'.. lliiiii. J-:iil, i ictober 15, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College. Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13, 1918.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COl'XT^'

107

HEDIN, ENGI-EBBECHT CONSTANTINI!

Sioux Rapids

Born Febiuary 17, 18;i2. Enl. March 19,
1918. Wagoner, Co. 43 Evacuation Ambu-
lance. Trained at Fort Riley and Fort Snell-
ing. Mustered out July 23. 1919.

HEIiBERG, I.ESI.IE

Stomi Iiake
Born March 4, 1897. Enl. April 14. 1917.
Seaman 2d-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.
Mustered out at G. L. N. T. S. December 15,
1917. Enl. in Army September 6, 1918. Pvt.
Co. 62, 163d D. B. ; trans, to Development Bn.
A. Trained at Camp Dodge. Mustered out
November 3IJ, 1918.

KENRICKSEN, HANS C.

Newell
Born .July IS. 18911. KnI. December 13. 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. Co. 54th Art. C. A. C.
Trained at Fort Logan with 11th Co. D. 52d
Am. Tr., 31st Brig. C. A. C. and with Co. 11,
C. A. C. from December 13 to 27, 1917; to Ft.
Baker December 27 to May 9, 1918, with San
Francisco June Replm. Draft; with Hdq. Co.
54th Art. C. A. C. from May 9 to July 18; with
52d Amm. Train from July 18 to July 29;
with 4th Co. 164th D. B. at Camp Funston
from July 29 to February 5, 1918; at Camp
Dodge from February 5 to 13, 1918. In Meuse-
Argonne offensive September 26 to November
11. 191\. With A. E. V. from June. 1918, to
January 23. 1919.

HERBERT, JOHN

Sioux Rapids
Born October 10, 1918. Trained at Camp
Scott as truck driver for the Auto Motive de-
partment of the Red Cross. Mustered out
November 5, 1918. Received an honorable
discharge because of inability to get passport
on account of German parentage.

HEMMINGSON, CHRIS T.

Newell

Born March 12. 1892. Enl. February 24,

1918. Pvt. Co. E, 351st Inf. 88th Div. Trained

at Camp Dodge; Camp Logan; Ft. Bayard.

Mustered out April 21. 1919.

HENNINGSON, EI.MER E.
liincoln To'wnship

Born February 24, 1890. Enl. February 24.
1918. Pvt. Co. I, 130th Inf. 33d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge February 24, to April 5; Camp
Logan May 7; Camp Upton. Sailed May 15;
landed Brest May 26. To Camp Duelandville
June 2; to Embrivlee, June 15; July 1 to Bel-
lencourt; July 17 at the Somme sector; in
Somme sector July 17 to 25; to rest camp at
Allonville Woods: August 1 sent to Australian
Casual Clearing Station No. 8; trans, to No.
10 and No. 12; August 8 to Stationary Field
Hosp. at Long Pre No. 6; August 11 sent to
Rouen Base Hosp. No. 9; August 23 to Rest
Camp No. 1 and assigned to 11th Casual Batt.;
to Winchester. Sailed for U. S. from South-
ampton December 28; landed January 7, 1919,
Hoboken. To Camp Mills, January 11; to
Camp Dix. January 27; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out February 1, 1919.

KENSEI., WAZ.TER R.
Barnes Towusliip
Born March 1, 1895. Enl. July 27, 1918
Pvt. 61st A. B. N. Trained at Camp Dodge.

HENSEI.ING, HENRY W.
m^ple Valley Townsliip

Born February 7, 1892. Enl, August 23,
1918. Pvt. Co. D, 1st Bn. Replm. Co. Trained
at Jefferson Barracks; trans, to Camp Mac-
Arthur. Mustered out January 10, 1919.

HENSEIiING-, JOHN Vf.

Maple Valley Township
Born September 29, 1890. Enl. May 26, 1918.
Pvt. D. B. Trained; Camp Dodge six weeks;
transferred to Fort SnelJing five weeks; to
Fort Brady 8 months; to Camp Grant for two
weeks At Ft. Snelling acted in U. S. Guards.
Mustered out January 22, 1919.

HESCHKE, WII.I.IAM R.
Scott Township

Born .July 4. isiil. Enl. July 23. 1918. Hnrs?-
shoer, Hdq. Troop. 1st Army. Trained: Camp
Gordon one month; Camp Merritt. Sailed from
Hoboken on August 16; on U. S. S. Plattsburg;
landed Brest August 27. Transferred to Horse
Shoer School three months at St. John; to St.
Mihiel; to Ligny; to Toul; to Trier, Germany;
to Le Mans; to Brest. Sailed for TJ. S. on
June 27 on Mohstien; landed New York July
10. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out July 16.
1919

Thomas lloai e
Rembrandt

Erlwin A. Hoch
Storm Lake

Forrest D. Hocil
Storm Lake

I'eter HoL-h
Scott Township

Forrest L. Hoetie
Newell

Harry John Hoffeins
Alta

Charles Methia? Hoffman
Lee Township

Josephine Hoffman
Storm Lake

Aaron Bruce Holderness

Nokomis Township

Lars B. Holm
Rembrandt

Siverian Holm
Lincoln Township

Clarence F. Holmes
Alta

riifforil .1. Holmes
Lee Township

Enimit Lidvd Hnlr
Alta

Forrest G. Holmes
Storm Lake

AUlu Holmgren
Xokomis Township

Harvey Allen Hood
Storm Lake

Chester Hostetler
Maple Valley Township

Gall W. Householder
Newell Township

John Wiliiam Huber
Truesdale

Arthur P. Hughes
Storm Lake

David James Hughes
Storm Lake

Everett L. Hughes
Storm Lake

Wilbur F. Hughes
Storm Lake

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

HEIiSA, OTTO E.
lainn G-rove

Born September 22, 1897. Enl. October, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at St. Olafs Col-
lege, Northfield, Minn. Mustered out Decem-
ber 11, 1918.

HIITES, IflERIiE J.

Newell

Born May 27, 1898. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College, Storm Lalse, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13, 1918.

HICKMAN, FORREST W.

Rembrandt
Born May 22, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon from July to November. 191S;
to Camp Shelby from November to December,
1919. Mustered out December 30, 1918.

hii.si:brand, bvrnii: frankiiIN
Marathon

Born October 7, 1895. Enl. June 5, 1917.
Radio Operator, Navy. Trained at G. L. N. T.
S. : Harvard Radio School. Promoted from
app. seaman to S. 2d-cl., to El. 3d-cl., to El.
2d-cl., to El. Ist-cl. Mustered out October
10, 1919. Served on U. S. S. Michisan and
U. S. S. Kansas.

HIGGINS, AIiIiEN

Grant Township
Born June 1, 1898. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College. Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13, 1918.

HII.I., DONAI.D

Storm Iiake
Born November 19. 1895. Enl. September
19, 1917. Sgt. Co. E, 350th Inf. 88th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge. Sailed from New
York on H. M. S. Delta August 11; landed Lon-
don August 28. To Romsey for one week; to
Soutliampton; to Clierbourg. Trained two
weeks at Cherbourg; in front lines of Haute-
Alsace. sector from October 5 to November 2 ;
to reserve on Toul sector November 5; to Gon-
drecourt December 1 ; attended A. E. F. Univ.
at Beauve from Marcli 5 to May 15. Sailed
from St. Nazaire on U. S. S. Madawaska May
25; landed New York June 5, 1919. Mustered
out July 15, 1919.

HINCH, I.VAI.I. W.
Poland Township

Born November 7, 1896. Enl. May 1, 1918.
Seaman Ist-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. from
May 1 to May 25. Promoted to seaman Ist-cI.
Left V. S. from Newport News on transport
Mongolia May 28; landed Brest June 11. 1918.
To Pouillac, France, and was stationed there
from June 14 to November 29; left Pouillac
November 29. Arrived New York December
11, 1918. To Pelham Bay Training Station
December 12 and remained there until Jan-
uary 6. 1919. Mustered out January 6, 1919.

HIIiSEBRAND, CHARI.ES E.

Marathon
Born November 19, 1894. Enl. June 6, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. Troop 24th Div. Served in
cavalry and infantry; with B. Hdqrs. Bn. and
General Hdqrs.; trained at Camp Cody from
August 20, 1917, to August 27, 1919; trans-
ferred to Headquarters Troop, 34th Division.
Left Hoboken September 17, 1918; on S. S.
Cretic; landed Liverpool September 29, 1918.
Crossed Channel to Le Havre. To Bordeaux,
remained there from October 7 to November
15; to Le Mans until November 25; to Chau-
mont from December 1 to May 30, 1919; to
St. Aignan for ten days; to Brest. Sailed
June 17 on U. S. S. Mobile; landed New York.
To Camp Mills. Mustered out July 7, 1919.

HIGHI.EY, EARIi Ii.

Storm liake
Born July 28, 1897. Enl. November 23.
1916. Corp. Batt. B, 63d Artillery. C. A. C.
Trained at Ft. Norden. Sailed overseas. Served
a short time in England; seven months in
France. Active service in air raids. At Ft.
Tilden in Q. M. C. when this record was com-
piled for publication.

HINKELDEY, DICK
Maple Valley Township
Born December 23, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Oo. C, 4th Replm. Inf. Trained at
Camp Gordon four weeks; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed for France on U. S. S. Plattsburg,
August 29. Trained two weeks at St. George;
trans, to Verdun sector two weeks; to 79th
Div. in Co. E, 316th Inf.; to Meuse sector.
Sailed May 16; landed Philadelphia. To Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

III

HISSONG, BOY D.

AUa
Born February ii. 1888. Enl. July 1, 1918.
Pvt. Manual Training- Worker in Educational
Dept. Medical Corp.s. Trained at U. S. Gen.
Hosp. No. 26; at Fort Des Moines eight and
one-half months. Mustered out March 10,
1919.

HOARE, THOMAS

Rembrandt

Enl. September 20, 1917. Pvt. Co. I, 34th
Inf. 87th Div. Trained at Camp Dodge two
months with Co. A. 350th Inf., 88th Div.; to
Camp Pil^e; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from
New York .lune 20. 1918. on the Anselin;
landed Liverpool July 1. To Winchester; to
Southampton; to Cherbourg. To St. Aignan;
joined 9th Inf. 2d Div. July 16 at Soissons;
in attack at Soissons July 18; wounded in
action aljout :i P. M.. shot through wrist —
has permanently crippled arm.

HOCH, EDWIIT A.

Storm Iiake
Born April 6, 1895. Enl. July 15. 1918.
Pvt. Signal Corps, Wireless Section, Co. A,
219th F. S. Bn. 19th Div. Trained at Sioux
City. Iowa; Hdqrs. Training Detachment. High
Scliool Building, for two months; to Camp
Doage for four months. Mustered out Janu-
ary 18, 1919.

HOCH, FORREST D.

Storm Ziake
Born July 25, 1896. Enl. May 31, 1918.
Corp. Co. A, Med. Detach. Trained at Jeffer-
son Barraclis two months. To Walter Ried Gen.
Hosp. Mustered out at Camp Dodge after 14
and one-half months of service, October 17,
1919.

KOCK, PETER

Scott Township
Born May 1, 1891. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. B. 316th Inf., 79th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon one month; to Camp Merritt. Sailed
from New York August 29; landed Brest Sep-
tember 12. 1918. To St. George in training
camp two weeks; was with Co. B, 79th Div.;
in Argonne front three weeks when armistice
was signed. Sailed from St. Nazaire; landed
Philadelphia May 31, 1919. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 8, 1919.

EOEFI.E, FORREST I..

Newell

Born October 22, 1895. Enl. July 27, 1918.
Pvt. Balloon Co. No. 20. Trained at Fort

Omaha; Camp Morrison. Sailed October 21,
1918; landed Brest. To Bordeaux; to Camp
De Souge. Sailed for U. S. April 4, 1919.
Mustered out May 2, 1919.

HOFFEINS, HARRY JOHN

Alta
Born February 19. 1888. Enl. July 20, 1918.
2d Lieut. 5th Vet. Replm. Unit, Veterinary
Corps. Trained at Fort Oglethorpe; Camp
Lee; Camp Merritt. Mustered out January
18, 1919, at Camp Lee.

HOFFMAN, CKARI.es METHIAS
Iiee Township
Born July 22, 1898. Enl. March 27. 1917.
Pvt. Co. D, 21st Regt. Trained at Camp Logan
three weeks; Colexico, California, three
months; Camp Kearny September, 1917, to
February, 1919: Vancouver Barracks one
month. On April 16. 1919, he was at Spokane,
\\'ashington, and Iiad one year to serve to com-
plete his term of enlistment in the Regular
Army.

HOFFMAN, JOSEPHINE
Storm Iiake
Born October 8, 1886. Enl. February 21,
1918. Nurse in U. S. N. R. Served in U. S.
Navy Hospital, Mare Island; U. S. Navy Hosp.
Elysian Park, Los Angeles, California; U. S.
Navy Hospital San Diego, California; now in
service in Tuberculosis Hospital in Colorado.
Will be discharged in summer of 1920.

HOFFMAN, SAMITEI. I.EE

Storm Iiake

Born March 17, 1884. Enl. May 13, 1917.
Civil Engineer in 109th Regt. 34th Div., Com-
missioned 1st lieut August 15, 1917; promoted
to Captain September 9, 1918. Sailed from
Hoboken September 17, 1918; landed Liver-
pool September 28. To Chercourt. October 1.
To Headquarters Second Army Staff at Toul;
at Toul had charge of construction of rail
heads American dump, railroads, reconnais-
.sance entire Verdun to Nancy; back to regt.
at Nevers November 26. Sailed April 28, 1919;
landed New Y'ork May 9, 1919. Was trained
at Ft. Snelling and Ft. Leavenworth; com-
mended in letter from Commander Second
Army, Lt.-Gen. R. L. BuUard upon termina-
tion of service. Mustered out May 23, 1919.

William N, Huyi
Storm Lake

George H. Hull
Storm Lake

Jens C. Husted
Providence Township

i_"!,vde Ibsen
Storm Lake

Ernest i '. Huseman and wife
Maiile Valley Township

Mr. Huseman won his bride
w'hile in English Camp.

Clarence Di^k Huseman
Maple Valley Township

Floyd M. Ingram
Lee Township

Lewis Arthur Jackson
Sioux Rapids

James Jacobsen
Elk Township

Martin Jacobseii
Elk Township

John li. Jacobson
Marathon

Lyle Merle Jeffers
Poland Township

Albert H. Jensen
Newell

Anfin Jensen
Barnes Township

Carl M. Jensen
Newell

Christ J. Jensen
Nokomis Township

Clarence M. Jensen
Newell

Eddie Jensen
Alta

Einar Jensen
Newell

114

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUNTY

HOIiDEBKESS, AARON BRUCE

Nokomis Township
Born December 11, 1896. Enl. September 5.

1918. Pvt. Ist-cl. Base Hosp. No. 105. Trained
at Camp Dodge for one month; to Fort Ben-
jamin Harrison two weelss; was trans, with
Med. Corps at Camp Dodge and left in Base
Hosp. No. 105. First assigned at Camp Dodge
to Co. 58, 163d D. B. Sailed on October 28
from Hobol^en on transport Mongolia: landed
Brest November 9, 1918. Was at hosp. at
Herhoun. Sailed from Brest .June 30, 1919, on
U. S. S. Frederick: landed Manhattan July 10.

1919. To Camp Mills. Mustered out July 17,
1919.

HOI.M, I,ARS B.

Rembrandt
Born March 9, 1896. Bnl. September 20,

1917. Pvt. Co. C, 9th Inf. Trained at Camp
Dodge two months: Camp Pike seven months:
Camp Merritt. Sailed from New York June
20. 1918, on the Anselin: landed Liverpool
July 1. To Winchester: to Southampton: to
Cherbourg. To St. Aignan: joined 2d Div. near
Soissons: in attack at Soissons July 18 and 19:
to Marbach sector August 9 to 24: to St. Mihiel
September 12 to 16: to Champagne front for
ten days: to Meuse-Argonne November 1 to 11:
to Beaumont to November 17: in Army of
Occupation at Bendorff, Germany; to outpost
duty thirty miles on the Rhine; to Brest July
15, 1919. Sailed on Manostaria; landed New
York August 20. To Camp Merritt: to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out August 31, 1919.

ROI.M, SIVERIAN
Iiiucoln Township

Born July 13, 1887. Enl. April 9, 1918.
Mech. 211th Aero Squadron. Trained at Pitts-
burgh from April 11 to June 11; to Long
Island. Sailed from Boston July 16; landed
July 31 at Aramamasth Lacks, England. To
Rest Camp August 1; August 4 to Camp Calne;
November 18 to Notyash. Embarked for U. S.
November 30; landed Boston December 11.

1918. To Camp Devens; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out December 30, 1918.

HOI.MBS CI.AREIfCE F.

Alta
Born November 29, 1891. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 212th Eng. 12th Div, Trained at
Camp Forrest; Camp Devens, Mustered out
February 7, 1919, at Camp Dodge.

HOI.MES, CI.IFF0BO J.
Ziee Township

Born August 30, 1895. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Wagoner, in Engineers' Train, 21 4th Regt..

14th Div. Trained at Camp Forrest until
October, 1918; Camp Custer until February,
1919. Mustered out at Camp Dodge February
7, 1919.

HOI.MBS, EKMIT I.I.OYD
Alta

Born October 1, 1894. Enl. November 5.

1917. Sgt. Hdqrs. Co. and Batt B. 31st Brig.
57th Artillery Regt. First service with Coast
Artillery; later Field Artillery. Trained at
Fort Hancock. Promoted to corp. April 18.

1918, to sgt. July 19, 1918. Preliminary train-
ing at Vayres and Libarne, France; Artillery
Range Camp De Souge. Left for front August
25; at St. Mihiel: Verdun; to Argonne-Meuse.
Positions: September 12 to 18, Vignot: Sep-
tember 21 to 30. Montzeville; October 1 to 7.
Esnes; October 8 to 22. Cuisy; October 23 to
November 1, Romagne: November 2 and 3,
Bcntlifville: November 4 to 11, Beaufort.
Turned in guns and equipment at Dolevant-
le-Chateau. Sailed from Brest January 2.
1919: landed New York January 14. To Ft,
Hancock, January 15 to 21. Discharged at
Camp Grant, February 1, 1919. Sgt. Holmes'
chief duty in France was connected with tele-
phone communication in battery.

KOI.MES FORREST G.

Storm Iiake
Born in 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt. Co.
12, 3d Bn. 166th D. B., 13th Div. Trained at
American Lake, Mustered out August 7, 1918.

HOIiMSBEN, AI.DO
Nokomis Township

Born Novembei- 7. 1896. Enl. September 3,
1918. Pvt. Co. 58, 163d D. B. Trained at
Camp Dodge: to Camp Cody, with Provost
Guard Co.; went back from Cody to Camp
Dodge, Mustered out January 29, 1919.

HOOD, HARVEY AIiI-EN

Storm Iiake
Born October 7. 1893. Enl. September 4,
1917. Sgt. to Major Hdq. Co. 350th Inf. 88th
Div. Promoted from pvt. to Corp.. to sgt.,
to bn. sgt., to Major. Trained at Camp Dodge.
Sailed from New York August 16 on H. M. S.
Kashmir: landed Liverpool August 28. To
Wimmal Dawn Camp August 29; crossed Eng-
lish Channel to Cherbourg, September 1 on
H. M. S. Viper. Encamped for training at Fie
Cote d'Or .September 4 to 17; at Eschevans
September 19 to October 5; in support at St.
Cosne; to Haute-Alsace sector October 7 to

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

115

15; in training at La Vallonne October 15 to
November 18; in concentration camps at Le
Mans and D' Anvour November IH to Decem-
ber 23; in training at Menancourt December 25
to January 16, 1919; at Central Records (Jffice,
Bourges. January 18 to May 14. Sailed from
St. Nazaire May 19 on U. S. S. Aeolus; landed
Newport News May 30, 1919. Mustered out
June 5, 1919.

HOPKINS, wrLI. H.

Storm Ziake
Born February 8, 1888. Enl. February 25,
1918. Junior sgt. in Q. M. Branch, Military
Postal Detail. Trained at Camp Dodge. Pro-
moted to sgt. Mustered out February 13, 1919.

ROSTETIiER, CHESTER

Maple Valley Township
Born August 10, 1887. Enl. July 28, 1917.
Ship's cook, Div. 11. Trained: was put on
draft for foreign service April 28, 1918; pre-
vious training at Norfolk and Philadelphia.
Sailed from New York for Scotland where he
was sent by train to liosite where the Ameri-
can Fleet was located; was put on Texas, one
of the most modern and best ships in the
fleet and sailed on June 27 for Scapa Flow. Scot-
land; in no large engagement but was in the
fleet which helped run the blockade on sub-
marines and was with the fleet at the time the
German Fleet surrendered. Mustered out April
28, 1919

HOVSEHOIiDER, GAU. W.

Kewell Township

Born February 24, 1897. Enl. July 10, 1918.
Fireman in Navy. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.
until September 4; to Norfolk until Septem-
ber 10; then ordered aboard U. S. S. George
Washington; made nine trips to Europe on
this ship; on the last trip brought King Al-
bert and Queen Elizabeth from Antwerp. Bel-
gium. Mustered out October 9. 1919, at G. L.
N. T. S.

HUBER, JOHN -WIIiIiIAM
Trues dale
Born October 24, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; Camp Merritt. Sailed from
New York September 1; landed Brest Septem-
ber 14. To hosp. for guard duty; to St.
Georges; to Verdun and sent into open fields
for two weeks; then assigned to 79th Div. and
ordered to Verdun; in battle of Verdun Sep-
tember 26 to November 11; after signing of
ai-mistice sent to field hosp.; to Dijon four

months; to Nantes; to Brest. Sailed May 5,
1919; landed Hoboken May 12. To Camp Mer-
ritt hosp. for ten days; to Camp Sherman.
Mustered out May 29, 1919.

HUGHES, ARTHUR P.

Storm Iiake
Born November 28, 1891. Enl. April 9, 1918.
Wagoner, Battery A, 150th Heavy Field Art.,
42d Div. Trained at Madison, Wisconsin, two
months; to Camp .lackson one month; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken on Tydem July
23; landed at George's Dock, London, August
8. To detention camp at Ramsey for one
month; to Camp Hunt at LaConners, France,
for six weeks. To Sedan; to Argonne front;
was on this front until armistice was signed.
To Neuenahr, Germany, with Army of Occupa-
tion four months; to Brest. .Sailed on Levia-
than, April 18; landed Hoboken April 25, 1919.
To Camp Merritt: to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out May 12, 1919.

HUGHES, -WILBUR P.
Storm Iiake

Born August 28, 1895. Enl. July 14. 1917.
Corp. 109th Amm. Tr., 34th Div. Trained at
State Fair Grounds. Des Moines, Iowa, two
months; to Camp Cody September 1; on August
10, 1918. to Diamond Motor works. Chicaso, for
ten days; drove trucks to Raritan Arsenal ten
days; to Camp Dix one month; to New York.
Sailed from Hoboken on Olympic; October 17;
landed Southampton October 23. October 23 to
Cherbourg. To Camp St. Sulpice for seven
months; to Camp Genicourt near Bordeaux.
Sailed on TJ. S. S. lowan June 10, 1919; landed
Philadelphia June 22. To Camp Dix; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 28, 1919.

HUGHES, DAVID JAMES
Storm Iiake

Born July 12, 1899. Enl. July 6, 1917. Corp.
Co. D, 20th Inf. 10th Div. Trained at Ft.
Douglas; Camp Funston. Promoted from pvt.
to pvt. Ist-cl.. to Corp. Mustered out January
24, 1919.

HUGHES, EVERETT J..

Storm Iiake

Born June 19, 1895. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. 314th Detach., Q. M. C. Trained at
Syracuse, N. Y.\ to Newport News. Mustered
out December 16, 1918.

ii6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

HUG-HES, WU-IiIAM N.
Storm Iiake

Born April 10, 1896. Enl. March 28, 1918.
Corp. Batt. A, 60th F. A. Trained at Univer-
sity of Wisconsin; to Camp Jackson; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out February 1, 1919.

H.VI.X., GEORGi: H.
Storm Ziake

Born June 6, 18!I7. Enl. July 1, 1917. Pvt.
Hdq. Co. 168th Inf., 42d Div. Trained at Chero-
kee, Iowa; to State Fair Grounds, Des Moines,
Iowa; to Camp Mills. Sailed on U. S. S. Grant
October 18, 1917; returned to port October 28;
sailed again on U. S. S. Aurania November 14;
landed Liverpool. After ten days at Le Havre.
To Remicourt; to Langres; to Baccarat;
entered line at Luneville sector February 22,
1918; wounded June 19; to Base Hosp. No.
23 at Vetell; returned to duty, March, 1918;
with Army of Occupation on the Rhine; left
Germany from Brest. Sailed April IS on trans-
port Leviathan; landed New York May 24.
To Camp Upton; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out May 16, 1919.

HVSEMAN, CI-ARENCE DICK

Maple Valley Township
Born July 31, 1896. Enl. September 5, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, Med. Dept . Trained at Camp
Dodge in Co. F, 88th Inf. 19th Div. Mustered
out October 20, 1919.

HUSEMAN, ERNEST C.
Maple Valley Township
Born September 2, 1890. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. E, 35nth Inf. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge two months; to Camp Mills ten
days. Sailed April 24; landed Liverpool May
6, 1918. Took sick going across; to Bng. Hosp.
at Belmont for three weeks; trans, to American
Red Cross Hospital at Mossyhill about eight
"weeks; to rest camp Notyash about 8 months.
Married in Liverpool to Miss Edith Hartley,
December 2, 1918. Sailed from Liverpool to
Brest for return to the U. S. March 22, 1919;
landed New York. To Camp Merritt; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out April 15, 1919.

HUSEMAN, FRANK
Maple Valley Township
Born August 6, 1895. Enl. April 2, 1918.
Cook, Base Hosp. Detach. Med Corps. Trained
at Camp Dodge 18 days; to Camp Logan; to
Camp Dodge; to Camp Logan. Mustered out
March 19, 1919.

HITSTED, JENS C.
Frovidence Township
Born July 4, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918. Sgt.
Co. D. 4th Replm. Regt.; to Co. D, 99th Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon for three months; to
Camp Wheeler. Mustered out December 21,
1918.

IBSEN, CI.YDE
Storm Iiake

Born July 17, 1895. Enl. August 9, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. F, 21st Engrs. Light Railway,
8th French Brig. 42. 77, 26, 5, and 2d Divs.
Trained at Camp Grant. Landed in France
December 6, 1917, for IS montlis. 17 days i.i
French service. Only authorized light rail-
way or narrow guage R. R. Regt. in France;
the track gauge was 23% in. in width and was
used to transport ammunition supplies, artil-
lery, and troops from the standard guage rail-
head to the trenches; two classes of motive
power were used — steam 5 to 15 kilos, behind
the lines, and gas tractors were used im-
mediately behind the lines; regiment was
well scattered over the entire French and
American fighting lines and took part in every
battle by the French and Americans from
December 20, 1917, until the armistice was
signed. Mustered out June 20, 1919.

INGRAM, FLOYD M.
Lee Township

Born January 19, 1897. Enl. August 3, 1918.
Striker in Aviation Section of Navy, Second,
Third, and Fifth Regts. Trained at Charles-
ton August to November 15, 1918; Norfolk
November 15 to January 15. Mustered out at
G. L. N. T. S. January 28, 1919.

INMAN, CLIFFORD FORREST
Storm Lake

Born July 1, 1896. Enl. October 28, 1918.
Master Mechanic in Aviation Section of Navy.
Trained at G. L. N. T. S. Mustered out
December 23, 1918.

JACKSON, LEWIS ARTHUR

Sioux Rapids
Born May 19, 1902. Enl. July 9, 1918. Fire-
man 2d-cl. on U. S. S. Arizona and U. S. S.
Aeolus. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. and Logan
Rifle Range. Promoted from seaman 2d-cl.
to fireman 2d-cl. Sailed from Newport News
to Cuba; to Trindad; to South America on
U. S. S. Arizona; to Cuba; to Newport News;
to Brest; to Smyrna; to Constantinople; to
Gibraltar; to New York; trans, to Aeolus; two
trips from New York to Brest and return.
Mustered out September 25, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VIST A COUNTY

1 1

JACOBSEN-, JAMES

Elk To'nrnslup

Born December 111, 18;<2. Enl. August 29,

1918. Pvt. Co. E, 41st Regt. 10th Div. Trained

at Camp Funston. Mustered out February 1.

1919.

JENSEN, AI.BERT H.

Newell

Born November 24, 1SU3. Enl. June 15, 1918.

Corp. Co. D, 426 M. T. C. Trained at Ames

and Valparaiso. Promoted from pvt. to corp.

Mustered out -July 15. 1919.

JACOBSEN, MARTIN

Elk Towcsliip
Born August 8, 1887. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. in 212th and 213th Eng. Trained at Camp
Forrest three months: to Camp Merritt. Sailed
October 29 on IJ. S. S. George Washington:
landed Brest November 9. To Anglers one
week: to Brest Area; trans, to 503d Co. and
worked back to St. Nazaire, 3 months. En-
gaged while in France in building roads. Sailed
for U. S. on Martha Washington May 7; landed
Newport News May 19. To Camp Dix: to
Canip Dodge. Mustered out June 2. 1919.

JACOBSON, JOHN R.

Marathon

Enl. October 11, 1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C.
Trained at Buena Vista College, Storm Lake,
Iowa. Mustered out December 13, 1918.

JAMES, HAROI^D E.
Providence Township

Born March 19, 1888. Knl. June 26, 1918.
Wagoner with Supp. Co. Inf. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Sailed from New York
August 11: landed Liverpool August 25. To
Southampton: to Cherbourg, September 1.
Sent immediately to Alsace-Lorraine front: in
lines for 11 days; to Legny Woods for two
months, until after the armistice: with Army
of Occupation near Coblenz; to Merimcourt.
Sailed from St. Nazaire May 19 on U. S. S.
Aeolus; landed Newport News May 30. Serv-
ice in France and Germany was hauling am-
munition and food. During stay in England
was taken sick with pneumonia and "flu" and
was in hospital six weeks at Seymour.

JEFFERS, I.YI.E MERI.E

Poland Township

Born June 14, 1900. Enl. September 23, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Iowa State Col-
lege. Mustered out December 21, 1918.

JENNINGS, WALTER J.
Providence Township

Born July 4, 1NII4. Kiil. I i.ciniluT 14, 1917.
Mech. Mate Ist-cl., Squadron 2, U. S. Aero-
nautics Station. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.:
Pensacola. Fla. Mustered out March 21, 1919.

JENSEN, ANFIN
Barnes Township
Born May 1, 1896. Enl. June 15, 1918.
Corp. Co. D, M. T. C. Trained at Iowa State
College eight weeks; to Valparaiso at tempo-
rary camp for two months: to Detroit for
convoy work; to Boston, until December 25,
1918; to New York, stationed at 150th St. do-
ing trucking until July 2, 1919; to Camp Mer-
ritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out July 8,
1919.

JENSEN, ANTON
Alta

Born April 21, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Casualty Co. Trained at Camp Gordon four
weeks; to Camp Merritt. Sailed September 1
from Hoboken; landed Brest September 13,
At Brest in Casualty Co.; to St. George, Co. L.
one week: to La Wolobine three months; to
Clemancy three months; to Le Mans four
months: to Brest July 24, 1919. Sailed on
U. S. S. Mongolia August 1; landed Hoboken
August 9, 1919. To Camp Merritt: to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out August 16, 1919.

JENSEN, CARI. M.

Newell
Born April 1, 1898. Enl. January 11, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 2nd Bn. 26th Div. C. A. Trained
at Ft. Cassell . Sailed from Boston on H. M.
S. Corgegnan; landed Liverpool June 14. To
Southampton; to Le Havre June 24. To Ft.
Barelle at Langres until August 15: to Ar-
gonne-Meuse front for three weeks; to Vitry;
to Cornille; to Brest. Sailed on S. S. Mangdiv
March 31; landed Boston April 10, 1919.
Mustered out April 25. 1919.

JENSEN, CI.ARENCE M.
NeweU

Born April 21. 1896. Enl. December 10, 1917.
Pvt. Co. D, 81st Aero Squadron. Trained at
Ft. Logan until February 2, 1918: to Camp
Sevier until March 6; to school at Brooklyn,
where lie was taught building and repairing
of airplanes: April 18 sent to Ft. Sill and re-
mained there until May 24, 1919; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out May 26, 1919.

Elmer Jensen
Newell

John H. Jensen

Newell

Julian H. Jensen
Providence Township

Julius Jensen
Newell

Lloyd Bryan Jensen
Alta

Louis Jensen
Brooke Township

Marius Jensen
Newell

Nels Jensen
Newell

Soren V. Jensen
Newell

Walter D. Jensen
Newell

Carl G. M. Jeppesen
Newell

Eugene M. Jimmerson
Alta

James B. Jimiiier-son
Brooke Township

Carl A. Julia risen
Albert City

Ciiarlev Johansen
Alta

An>eit Johnson
Maple Valley Township

Alfred Johnson
Elk Township

Arthur J. Johnson
Providence Township

Arthur S. Johnson
Poland Township

Arvid G. Johnson
Albert City

Bengt S. Johnson
Maple Valley Township

Bertel M. Johnson
Lee Township

Carl Johnson
Elk Township

Carl A. Johnson
Newell

I20

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

JENSEN, EDDEB
Alta

Bom December 25. 1892. Enl. February 2 4.
1918. Pvt. Co. K, 139th Inf. 3oth Div. Trained
at Camp Dodste in Co. E. 351st Inf. SStli Uiv.:
Camp Mills Co. K, 139th Inf. 35th Div. Sailed
from New York April 24, 1918; landed Liver-
pool Kay 7. To Winchester May 8; to South-
ampton; to Le Havre May 12. To rest camp
No. 2; to Eu, May 16; to Melleville; June 26
to Londoniers; June 8 to Mehonie; June 9 to
Morgney; to Jarnneil June 12; June 19 to
Kruth; June 19 entered trenches at Alsace-
Lorraine; relieved on September 3; to Kiuth;
September 4 to Clearmont; to Boynn; to
Veuve-Mesons; to Billet de Brush Woods on re-
serve for St. Mihiel drive from September 12
to 16; left St. Mihiel September 17; rested
September 17 to 24; entered Argonne drive
^'eptember 25; in drive October 1; relieved by
1st I>iv. ; to Clearmont; to Louppy Petit Octo-
ber 10; to Sommendieu; toolt Verdun sector of
trenches October 24 to November 5; relieved
by "Wildcat" Div. October 28; to Lemnie;;
November 7 to Bennoncourt; to Rupt Novem-
ber 13 to December 7; to Vi?not December
7 to 9; to Le Mans March 11; to Gorce; to
BelRian Rifle Range at Le Mans March 20;
to St. Xazaire April 2; Camp Guthrie April
3. Sailed from St. Nazaire on LT. S. S. Mat-
sonia April 13; landed Newport News April
24. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out May 2,
1919.

JENSEN, EINEB
Newell
Born December 25. 1894. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York August
30; landed September 12. To St. George until
October 1; to Verdun front; in front line
trenches 9 days; wounded November 3 by
Machine-gun bullet; to Evac. Hosp. No. 15;
to Langres. Base Hosp. No. 53; to Base Hosp.
No. 27; to Base Hosp. No. 8; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed on St. Zellandia December 10; landed
Newport News December 22. 1918. Has crip-
pled hand; was also hit by shrapnel in foot.
Mustered out June 17, 1919.

JENSEN, EI.MER
Newell

Born August 29, 1890. Enl. December 5,
1917. Coxswain in Navy. Trained at Camp
Decatur at G. L. N. T. S.; to Camp Perry; to
U. S. S. Leviathan April 22; May 30 experi-
enced submarine attack of convoy; made 17
trips between the United States and France
carrying troops. Mustered out September 22,
1919.

JENSEN, HEI.MER
Alta

Born February 27, 1889. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 605th Regt. 8th Eng. Corps.
Trained at Camp Gordon. Sailed from Hoboken
on U. S. S. George Washington September
30; landed Brest October 13. Left Brest
October 20 for Chalindrey, Haute-Marne. and
stayed there until November 26; to Montigny-
sur-Aube and worked with Engr. Corps; to
Camp Joffre December 15; to Veuxhalles; to
Cote d'Or for road work; to Le Mans; to
Brest. Sailed on Agamemnon June 7; landed
New York June 15. To Camp Merritt; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 25. 1919.

JENSEN, JENS Z.
Newell
Born December 5, 1889. Enl. June 27, 1918.
Pvt. Batt. D, 338th F. A. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; placed in class 1 "Group 'C "
Mechancs' Class; given citizenship papers on
July 9, 1918. Released subject to call.

JENSEN, JOHN H.
Newell
Born May 30, 1888. Enl. June 21, 1916.
Corp.- Hdqrs. Co. 163d Inf. Trained at Camp
Dodge; July 25, 1917. on liorder until .Jul"
26, 1918. Re-enl_isted for foreign service April
15, 1919 — enlistment for three-year peri::d.

JENSEN, JULIAN H.

Providence To-wnship

Born September 1. 1897. Enl. fictober 1.

1918. Pvt. Inf. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena

Vista College. Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered

out December 13. 1918.

JENSEN, JTTI.ITJS
Newell
Born September 27, 1893. Enl. June 25. 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 350th Regt., 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; Camp Upton. Sailed from
Camp Upton August 11; arrived Tillbury. Eng-
land August 25. To Cherbourg September 2.
To Semur September 10; to Hericourt; to
front October 3. in Alsace sector, stayed until
October 20; to Toul sector November 5 to No-
vember 29; to Malincourt November 30 to May
6. 1919; to St. Nazaire. Sailed May 20; landed
Newport News May 30. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 5, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA VISTA COUNTY

121

JENSSN, I.I.OYI> BRYAN'

Alta.
Born November 20, 1896. Enl. December 4,
1917. Corp. Mobile Field Lab. Med. Corps.
36th Div. Trained at Ft. Logan with Casual
Co. Med Dept.; to Ft. Riley Pro v. Co. D. M.
O. T. C; Fort Leavenworth Central Med.
Dept. Lab. School; to Camp Bowie. Mobile
Field Lab.; to Camp Mills. Sailed from Ho-
bolien on U. S. S. Lenape July 8; landed Brest
July 22. To Bar-sur-Aube: to Champagne front
September 25; to Meuse-Argonne; to Cham-
pagne offensive to Verdun sacto." Nov. 1 ; to
Tonnerrery-Yonne; to Le Mans; to Brest. Sailed
on boat Von Stueben June 1; landed Hoboken
June 8, 1919. To Camp Dodge Mills to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 16, 1919.

JSNSEN, I.OUIE
Brooke To'wuship
Born December 9. 1895. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. L, 163d Replm. Regt. 41st Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon one month; to Camp
Merritt August 24. Sailed on U. S. S. Platts-
burg August 29 as a member of Co. D, 4th
Re;)lm. Regt.; landed Brest September 12.
To St. Georges for five months; at St. Georges
trans, to Co. L 163d Replm. Regt.. later to Hdq.
Classification Camp at St. Algnan and was at
this camp until July 5, 1919; to Brest. Sailed
for U. S. S. on S. S. Agamemnon, July 13;
landed Hoboken July 22. To Camp Merritt; in
Base Hosp. at Camp Merritt until August 6;
to Ft. Sheridan Gen. Hosp.; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out August 13, 1919.

JENSEN, MARIITS
Ne'well
Born September 6, 1887. Enl. September 3,

1917. Pvt. Co. H, Inf. Trained at Camp Dodge;
Camp Cody. Mustered out January 1, 1918.

JENSEN, NEI.S
Newell

Born February 26. 1897. Enl. September 6.

1918. Pvt. Hdq. Co. 87th Inf. 19th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge, training in handling one-pound
guns. Mustered out January 26, 1919.

JENSEN, SOREN V.
Newell

Born September. TSSS. Enl. September 19,
1917. Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. Co. 347th Regt. 87th
Div. Trained at Camp Pike. Sailed from New
York September 3 on S. S. City of Calcutta;
landed Manchester September 27. To South-
ampton; to Le Havre September 30. To S. O. S.

Camp at Gievres; on detached service engaged
in construction work. Sailed from Brest on
Mauretania Dec. 24; landed New York Decem-
ber 30, 1918. Mustered out January 16, 1919.

JENSEN, ■WAITER D.

Newell
Born February 22, 1893. Enl. February 24,

1918. Musician Ist-cl. Co. D, 42d Regt. Eng.
Trained at Washington. D. C at American
University. Sailed from Hoboken May 10;
landed Brest. To Bazoiles-sur-Meuse May
30 to .July 15; in American lumber camp: to
Ronnes; built sawmill, also railroad mainten-
ance; to Gironcourt on road building until
October 1, 1918; to St. Maurice: built sawmills
till November 21; to Romagne; to Ponteaux
January 5, 1919; transferred to Batt. Band as
trombonist, traveled with regt. till April 15,
1919; to Bordeaux. Sailed May 22; arrived
Hoboken June 5, 1919. Mustered out June 10,

1919. Promoted to cook, to musician Ist-cl.

JEFFERSEN, CARI. G. M.

NeT^ell

Born in 1882. Enl. July, 1917. Sgt. Co. A.

Trained at Fort Logan; to San Francisco: to

Camp P^'unston. Promotetl from iivt. to sgt.

JESSEN, CHRIST J.
Nokomls Township
Born February 2, 1889. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge six weeks; to Camp LTpton. Sailed
August 11 on Delta; landed London August 25.
Across part of England; in camp three days;
to Southampton; crossed Char.nel to Cher-
bourg. To Havicourt two weeks; to Alsace
front 3 weeks; to Toul front when armistice
was signed: to Gondrecourt; 5 months; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed May 19 on German boat
Aolas; landed Newport News May 30. To
Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 5, 1919.

JIMMERSON, EUGENE M.
Alta
Born October 31, 1892. Enl. July 8. 1918.
Pvt. 192d Co. Marine Corps. Trained at Mare
Island for ten weeks; to Bremerton, Washing-
ton, September 26 to March 26, 1919. Mustered
out March 26, 1919.

JIMMEKSON, JAMES B.
Brooke Township

Born July 22, 1881. Enl. April 30, 1917.
Pvt. Co. F, 3d Regt. I. N. G. Trained at tempo-
rary camp at Villisca. Iowa, until July 9. 1917.
Discharged on account of physical disability.

Carl Emil Johnson
Albert City

Carl Francis Johnson
Albert City

Carl O. Johnson
Fairfield Towiishii»

Conrad J. Johnson
Alta

Edwin G. Johnson
Albert City

Eftie Johnson
Alta

Klnier B. Johnson
Fairfield Township

Kmil H. Johnson
I\)land Township

Emil O. Johnson
Albert City

Ernest L. Johnson
Fairfield Township

Fay G. Johnson
Linn Grove

Frank Preston Johnson
Alta

'lust Johnson
Washington Townsliip

Harry P. Johnson
Newell

Herbert Arthur Johnson
Albert City

Herman Johnson
Sioux Rapids

Hikier Julius John.son
Fairfield Township

Hjalmer Johnson
Albert City

Hubert K. Johnsun
Albert City

.Inlin .)Mhiis..n,
Alta

Leon Julius Johnson
Linn Grove

Mahlon H. Johnson
Storm Lake

Nels E. Johnson
Elk Township

Oscar Bernhard Johnson
Poland Township

124

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUNTY

JOHANSEN, CARIi A.

Albert City
Born November 10, 1SS6. Enl. September 6,
1918. Pvt. Ist-cl. Base Hosp. No. 105. Trained
at Camp Dodge; Ft. Benjamin Harrison; Camp
Merritt. Sailed from New York on Wiliiimen
October 28; landed Brest November 9. To
Kerhown Hosp. Center until June 25; to Pon-
tenage. Sailed June 30 on U. S. S. Frederick;
landed Hoboken July 11. To Camp Mills.
Mustered out July 17, 1919.

JOHANSEN, CHARIEY

Alta
Born July 28, 1896. Enl. September 6, 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 58th Inf. 19th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Mustered out April 15, 1919.

JOHNSON, AI.BERT
Maple Valley Township

Born Oetolier 12, 1895. Enl. May 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge eight weeks. Sailed on cattle
boat. After arrival in France was put in
several replm. divs.; was in Lorraine sector
about six weeks; put in a casual company.
Sailed for U. S. April 1; landed from Maure-
tania April 7. Mustered out April 22, 1919.

JOHNSON, AirBED

Elk Township
Born May 7, 1891. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. C, 4th Replm Inf. Trained at Camp Gordon
four months. Mustered out December 5, 1918.

JOHNSON, ANTON
Nokomls Township
Born June 27, 1891. Enl. June 17, 1917.
Sgt. Troop A, 4th Cavalry. Trained at Ft.
Logan; Angel Island; Ft. Castner; Ft. Ring-
gold. Promoted to pvt. Ist-cl., to Corp.. to
sgt. In Hawaiian Territory as member of
Regular Army for fifteen months, stationed at
Ft. Castner at Honolulu. Hawaii. Mustered
out June 2, 1919, at Ft. Ringgold.

JOHNSON, ARTKtTB J.

Providence Township
Born December 8, 1896. Enl. May 27. 1917.
Pvt. Co. A, 13th Regt. Eng. Trained at Munici-
pal Pier. Sailed from New York July 22, on R.

M. S. St. Louis; landed Liverpool August 1.
To Borden Camp; paraded in London August 15
witli first U. S. troops in London; to Le Havre
August 17. To Chalons-sur-Marne for two
weelvs; to Dieury-sur-Aire until April, 1919;
to Marseilles. Sailed on U. S. S. Belvidere;
landed New York April 28. To Camp Merritt;
to Chicago for parade; to Camp Grant.
Mustered out May 12, 1919.

JOHNSON, ARTHUR S.

Poland Township
Born December 31, 1894, Enl, July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. K, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon from July 24 to August 4.
Sailed from New York August 31 on U. S. S.
Plattsburg; landed Brest September 12. 1918.
To St. George for three weeks; to Verdun Octo-
ber 1 for one month; to front November 5;
did not get into action; on front three weeks
after armistice was signed; to hosp. at Long
November 27, remained until January 5; to
Nantes January 7 to February 25. Sailed
from St. Nazaire April 5; landed Charle=iton.
To Camp Jackson; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out April 29, 1919.

JOHNSON, ARVID G.

Albert City
Born March 11, 1890. Enl. February 25, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cI. Co. A, 130th Inf. 33d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; Camp Logan. Left New
York on U S. Agamemnon; landed Brest May
26. To Oisemont; to Visnes; Inchville; to
Ailly-le-Haute; to Clocker front lines July 18
near Amiens; to Querrin Woods; at fronts at
Meuse-Argonne, Somme, Amiens. Albert. Ver-
dun and in Troyon sector; to Corbie, Albert,
Vignecourt, Ligney, Bethslainville. Bailey-
court, Chateaucourt, Donnaveaux Woods, Con-
sovoye, Fresnes, Rangiers; to OberbilHg, Ger-
many; to Gilsdorff, Luxemburg. Sailed from
Brest on U. S. S. Siboney May 11, 1919; landed
New York May 20, 1919. To Camp Mills; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out May 29, 1919.

JOHNSON, BENGT S.

Maple Valley Township
Born June 16, 1887. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 148th Inf. 37th Div. Trained at
Camp Grant, Co. L, 344th Inf. 86th Div.; sta-
tioned at Camp Mills from September 1 to 9.
Sailed September 10, 1918, on British ship
Megantic. In Ypres-Lys offensive October
31 to November 4; again in offensive at
Ypres-Lys November 9 to 11. Arrived in U.
S. March 30. 1919, on the U. S. S. Saint Louis.
Mustered out April 14, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

12:

JOHNSON, BEBTi:!! M.
I^ee Township

Born Februarj' 20. lS:t">. Knl. December 1.
1917. Pvt. Ist-cl. 667th Aero Squadron.
Trained at Kelly Field; Hazelhurst Field.
Sailed from Hoboken on U. S. S. Antigone
March 24; landed St. Nazaire April 13. A.s-
signed to duty in Air Service Production Cen-
ter No. 2, Supply Depot No. 3 near Romorantin,
Loire-et-CIier, for duration of acti\ itit-s. Sailed
from Brest on Leviathan June 6; landed Ho-
boken June 12. Mustered out June 23, 1919.

JOHNSON, CARI.

£lk Tot^nship
Born August 5, 1892. Enl. May 25. 1918.
Pvt. 27th Aero Squadron. Trained at Van-
couver Barracks: spent first ten days at Camp
Lewis then trans, to Vancouver Barracks for
eight months; to Camp Dodge to be mustered
out. Mustered out February 28, 1919.

JOHNSON, CARI, A.

Ne'well
Born August 25, 1887. Enl. March 6, 1918.
Cliauffeur. Aerial Photograpli Section NX). 44.
Trained at Cornell Univ.; Wilbur Wright
Field; Barron Field. Promoted to chauffeur.
Mustered out March 27, 1919.

JOHNSON, CARI. EMII.
Albert City
Born February 19, 1887. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. .Co. A, 103d Eng. 28th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge with 351st Inf. Co. E, 23d
Div.; Camp Grant with Co. B, 32d Eng.; to
Washington Barracks May 24 in 1st Replm.
Engrs. ; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from New
York September 1 on Belique; landed Liver-
pool. To Winchester; to Southampton; to
Cherbourg. To Anglers in 116th Engrs.; to
Vilassee with 103d Engrs.; to front October
16; at Thiaucourt until October 28; to Vig-
mulles until January 6; to Wrifte; to Le Mans;
to St. Nazaire. Sailed April 20 on Finland;
landed New York May 1. To Camp Dix May
15; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out May 19,
1919.

JOHNSON, CARI. FRANCIS

Albert City
Born October 21, 1895. Enl. June 8, 1918.
Sgt. Hdq. Co. 2d Inf. 10th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; trans, to Demobilization Group
and promoted to sgt.; had charge of the
Board of Review where men in service take
their final physical examinations at the Medi-

cal Examining Board. Mustered out Novem-
ber 25, 1919.

JOHNSON, CARI. O.

Fairfield Township
Born December 3, 1886. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon with Co. I, 163d Inf. Sailed
from New York August 29 on U. S. S. Platts-
burg; landed Brest September 13. Arrived
at the front October 26, participated in battle
of Meuse November 4-5. Sailed f lom St. Nazaire
with casual detachment April 8; landed New-
port News April 29. Mustered out May 14,
1919.

JOHNSON, CONRAD J.

Alta

Born October 26, 1885. Enl. September 20,

1917. Corp. in 347th Regt. 87th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge in Co. A, 350th Regt. 88th
Div.; to Camp Pike for nine months with
Hdqrs. Co.; later trans, to 347th Regt. 87th
Div.; at Camp Dix. Sailed from Philadelphia
July 24, 1918. on City of Calcutta; landed Man-
chester, England. To Southampton; to Le
Havre; to Gievres; to Chaumont; to Chateau-
Thierry front when armistice was signed;
moved back to Brest. Sailed on Mauretania
December 24; landed Hoboken. To Camp Mer-
ritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out January
17. 1919.

JOHNSON, EDWIN G.
Albert City
Born September 24, 1890. Enl. August 16,

1918. Fireman 2d-cl. on battleship Massachu-
setts. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; to Hampton
Roads; to sea on the battleship Massachusetts
for patrol work nine weeks; to Hampton
Roads, served as master-at-arms while there;
to G. L. N. T. S. Mustered out March 22,
1919.

JOHNSON, EmE (Nurse)

Alta
Born March 1, 1889. Enl. May 14, 1918.
Nurse. Was sent as a trained nurse in
the U. S. A. N. C. to Ft. Logan from May
14 to September 8; September 11 reported to
Mobilization Station at New York. Sailed
from Hoboken on Leviathan September 28;
landed Brest October 8. To Ba.se Hosp. No.
65, one week on temporary duty; to Base
Hosp. No. 101, October 15, was at this hosp.
until June 20, 1919. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on Pocahontas June 22; landed Newport News
July 2, 1919. To Camp Stewart one week.
Mustered out July 26, 1919.

126

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

JOHNSON, EltMEB B.

Fairfield Township
Born March 3U, 18',i5. Knl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon: to Camp Merritt November 1;
ready for embarkation. To Camp Gordon; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out January 9, 1919.

JOHNSON, EMU. H.

Poland Township
Born March 12, 1890. Enl. April 9, 1918.
Pvt. Aviation Section of Army, 194th Aero
Squadron. Trained at Wisconsin State Univ.
from April 9 to June 12; to Wilbur Wright
Field; to Ellington Field August 5 to April
24. Mustered out April 24, 1919.

JOHNSON, staxx. o.

Albert City-
Born March 20. 1895. Enl. July 29. 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 212th Engrs. 12th Dlv. Trained
at Camp Gordon August 1 to 29; Camp Devens
to January 31, 1919: to Cami) Dodge. Mustered
out February 8, 1919.

JOHNSON, ERNEST I..
Pairfield Township
Born February 8. 18;ii;. ICnl. August 20. 1918.
Pvt. Co. 5, 2d training Bn. Inf., 157th D. B.
Trained at Camp Gordon from August 24 to
September 12: Camp McClellan where he was
trans, to the Q. M. C. on October 26; while at
Camp Gordon chief organization was Co. 21.
6th Training- Bn. 167th D. B. Mustered out
April 2, 1919.

JOHNSON, FAY a.

Jtiaa Grove

Born January .S, 1X97. EtiI. August 15. 191.S.
Pvt. Batt. B, 20th Div. Motorized Artillery.
Trained at Iowa State College; to Camp Jack-
son, was assigned to 24th Overseas Batt.; after
armistice was transferred to 24th Overseas
Battery. Mustered out February 1, 1919.

JOHNSON, GTJST A. D.

Albert City
Born August 2, 1888. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. L, 163d Inf. 41st Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; Camp Merritt. Sailed August
27: landed Brest September 12. To St. Georges;
taken sick with pneumonia September 23 and
sent to Base Hosp No. 26: to American Hosp.
Pone-la-Voy: re-assigned to regt. October 23.
Sailed from Brest January 26; landed Camp
Dix February 16. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out March 4, 1919.

JOHNSON, HARRY P.
Newell

Born August 11, 1896. Enl. September 5,
1918. Pvt. 2d Co. Coast Artillery. Trained
at Camp Dodge; Ft. Barrancas. Mustered out
April 4. 1919.

JOHNSON, HERBERT ARTHUR

Albert City

Born August 16, 1891. PInl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 212th Engrs. 12th Div. Trained
at Camp Devens. Mustered out December 28,

1918.'

JOHNSON, HERMAN
SlouK Rapids

Born July 12, 1891. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Hdq. Co. 350th Regt. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge from June 25 to August 4.
Sailed from New York on S. S. Delta August
11; landed London August 25. Crossed Chan-
nel to Cherbourg. August 29. To Semur Sep-
tember 1 to 19; to Chagey October 4; to cen-
ter sector Alsace-Lorraine-Haute, November 7;
in offensive when armistice was signed: to
Gondrecourt area until May 7; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed on U. S. S. Aeolus May 19; landed
Newport News May 30. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 5, 1919.

JOHNSON, FRANK PRESTON

Alta
Born July 21, 1887. Enl. July 25. 1918. Sgt.
4th Replm. Inf. Regt. Trained at Camp
Gordon. Promoted to Corp.. to sgt. Mustered
out November 29. 1918.

JOHNSON, GUST

Washing-ton Township
Born January 2. 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Inf., later trans, to
Q. M. C. Trained at Camp Gordon. Mustered
out March 23, 1919.

JOHNSON, HIZ.DER JUI.IUS

Fairfield Township

Born December 26, lS:i2. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Camp Merritt. Sailed from New
York on U. S. S. Plattsburg August 30; landed
Brest September 12. To St. Georges; to Ver-
dun: to Genicourt; joined 79th Div. here on
October 25; on October 26 helped capture
Hill 378; relieved on November 4; November
7 back of lines; November 10 wounded in ac-
tion by machine-gun bullet in hip and back;
to First-Aid Station; to Evac. Hosp.; to Base

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

1-^7

Hosp. No. 47: to St. Aignan for two weeks;
to Platfoot farm; to St. Aignan; to Brest.
Sailed March 3 on U. S. S. Mt. Vernon; landed
March 11. at New York. To Camp Merritt;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 21, 1919.

JOHNSON, JOHN M.

Albert City

Born June 4. isa:i. lOnl. August 20. 1918.
Pvt. Inf. 163d D. B. Trained at Camp Gordon.
Mustered out August 26, 1918.

JOHNSON, HJAXMER

Albert City
Born February 22, 1887. Enl. August 20,
1918. Pvt 22d Co. 2d Training Bn. 157 D. B.
Trained at Camp Gordon until September 12; t3
Camp McClellan, trans. October 26 to the
Q. M. C. Mustered out April 2. 1919.

JOHNSON, IiEON JUI.IUS
I^inn G-rove

Born March 21, 1894. Enl. June 17, 1918.
Served on U. S. .S. Harding, Destroyer No. 91,
with duties of 1st Lieut. Promoted from sea-
man 3d-cl. Trained at Puget Sound Navy
Yard; Municipal Pier; and Pelham Bay Naval
Training Station.

JOHNSON, HUBERT E.

Albert City

Born May 9, 1896. Enl. April 27, 1918.

Wagoner. Field Ho.sp, No. 41, 1st Army Corps.
Trained at Camp Dodge; Fort Riley; to Camp
Mills. Sailed July 9 on Agamemnon; landed
Brest July 18. To St. Nazaire; to Chateau-
Thierry sector for two weeks; to St. Mihiel
drive September 12; to Meuse-Argonne at
Verennes when armistice was signed; to Brest.
Sailed April 10; landed Hoboken April 21. To
Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
May 2, 1919.

JOHNSON, JOEI. P.

Marathon
Born May 25, 1887. Enl. February 25, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. E. 313th Engrs., 88th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge until August 6. Sailed
from New York on British transport Plassy
August 16; landed Liverpool August 28.
Crossed Channel to Le Havre August 31.
Moved to Villers and built target range;
September 16 to Wilfersdorft; hiked on to
Denn.v. in Toul sector; after armistice company
moved to Xorroy; to Eaville November 18; to
Bayonville January 6 until May 12. 1919. Sailed
from St. Nazaire on Madawska May 25; landed
New York June 5. To Camp Mills until June
11; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 16,
1919.

JOHNSON, JOHN Jr.

Alta
Born January 9. 1894. Enl. August 31. 1917.
Horseshoer. Wagon Co. (Rocky Mountain
Regiment) 40th Div. Trained at Camp Bald-
win, assigned to Cavalry; to Camp Kearny.
Q. M. C. at Camp Kearny one year and five
months. Promoted to Corp., to sergt. Mustered
out April 1, 1919.

JOHNSON, MAHI.ON, H.

Storm Xiake
Born July 29. 1892. Enl. February 26. 191S.
Corp. Co. C, Hdq. Bn. Gen. Hdq. A. E. F.
Trained at Camp Dodge; Camp Sevier. Sailed
May 11 on H. M. S. Haverford; landed Liver-
pool May 27, 1918. To Southampton; to Le
Havre; to Calais; to Ypres: trans, from 30tli
Div.; to Langres at Army Candidate School
two months; to Gen. Hdq. Station eight
months; to Brest. Sailed on U. S. S. Von
Steuben June 22; landed New TTork June 30.
To Camp Mills. Mustered out July 9, 1919.

JOHNSON, NEI.S E.
Elk Township
Born October 10, 1894. Enl. July 24. 191S.
Sgt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained; Camp
Gordon one month, attended Non-commissioned
Officers' School. Promoted to sgt.; to Camp
Shelby two months; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out December 29, 1918.

JOHNSON, OSCAR BERNHARE
Poland Township

Born June 4, 1887. Enl. September 4. 1918.
Farrier. Verterinary Corps. Trained at Camp
Dodge; to Ft. Riley. Mustered out January
13. 1919.

JOHNSON, OSCAR R.

Albert City

Born February 28, 1897. Enl. August 5, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 88th Inf. 19th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Mustered out January 27, 1919.

JOHNSON, RUBEN H.
Fairfield Tcwnship

Born December 15, 1896. Enl. September 5,
1918. Pvt. in D. B. Trained at Camp Dodge; to
Camp Devens; to New Hami>shire in spruce
fields for two weeks. Mustered out December
24, 1918.

Ruben H. Johnson
Fairfield Township

Torval A. Jolinson
Elk Township

Victor J. Johnson
Lincoln Township

Victor <)scar Johnson
Albert City

Walter Emil Johnson
Alta

Anton Jonas
Storm Lake

Charles Jones
Elk Township

Forrest K. Jones
Storm Lake

Rayniuiid Allison Jones
Storm Lake

Valentine S. Jones Christian Skytte Jorgensen

Washington Township Newell

Gust A. Josefson
Lincoln Township

Janie.s Alfred M. Kair
Newell Township

Aniie A. Kelso
Newell

Thumus F. Kennedy
Washington Township

Willi:im J. Keinu'iiv
Washington Township

Robert Kesler
Storm Lake

Anthony Kestei
Hayes Township

George C, Kidman
Lee Township

Thomas Kielty
Storm Lake

Ejvind Kiilsholm
Storm Lake

Viggo Kiilsholm
Alta

Elmer Chester Kindwall
Alta

James J. Kinnerup
Newell

I30

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

JCHNSON, SrEGrBES JOHN

Sioux Rapids

Born January 14, lliOU. Enl . October 11,
191S. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena
Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa Mustered
out December 13, 1918.

JOHNSOIT, TOBVAL A.
Elk Township

Born September 22, 1892. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge five weeks; to Camp Upton. Sailed
from Hoboken August 11 on Delta; landed
London August 25. To Camp Rumsey; to
Southamiiton; across Channel to Cherbourg.
To Semur; to Havicourt; to Alsace sector 11
days; to place near Toul sector until armistice
was signed; to Gondrecourt December 1 to
May 1; to Le Mans one week; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed May 19; landed Newport News May 30.
To Camp Alexander; to Camj) Dodge. Mustered
out June 4, 1919.

JOKNSON, VICTOB J.
Iiincoln Township

Born March 13, 189(5. lOnl. July 24, 1918
Pvt. Co. E, nth Inf. 5th Division.

JOHNSOir, VTAIiTEB EMU^

Alta
Born September 30, 1,896. Enl. May 3, 1917.
Carpenter's Mate Ist-cl. on U. S. S. George
Washington. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. ; to
recruiting office at Detroit, Michigan, in Yeo-
manry Dept.; sailed on L''. S. S. Manchuria
from New York April 30, 1918; landed Brest
June 14. Made 14 round trips in convoy serv-
ice on Manchuria; from New Y'ork to St. Na-
zaire; other trips from New Y'ork to Brest;
returned from last trip to Calais with King
and Queen of Belgium on board to New Y'ork.
Service in navy expires August 25, 1920.

JONAS, AKTON
Storm Ijake

Born June 12, 1893, at Chatebor, Bohemia;
came to the U. S. August 15, 1912. Enl. as
pvt. in Co. M, 31st Inf.; from April, 1917. to
August. 1918. the 31st Rcgt. was stationed
in Philippine Islands at Camps Eldridge and
McGratli. and Forts Mills and Wm. McKinley;
engaged in garrison work and field training;
August 31, 1918, the regt. sailed from Manila
to Vladivostok, and has since been stationed
there guarding mines and railroads; on April
30. 1919. the War Department reported Co. M
to be at Souchan, Siberia, with Company H —
address of all units of 31st Regt. is Vladivos-
tok, Siberia.

JOHNSON, VICTOB OSCAB

Albert City

Born May 19, 1887. Enl. July 25, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. D, 31Gth Inf. 79th Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon in Co. D, 4th Replm. Inf.; to
Camp Merritt August 25; to Hoboken August
29. Sailed from Hoboken August 30 on U. S.
S. Plattsburg; landed Brest September 12. To
rest camp near Brest six days; on guard duty
Officers' Casual Camp in Brest three days;
traveled in box cars to St. Georges, trained
there three weelis; took three-day journey to
Verdun, liiked twenty miles to rest camp, re-
mained here ten days; October 25 at Genicourt.
there given permanent assignment; left Geni-
court October 26; arrived Verdun October 27;
left Verdun October 28 for front to relieve the
26th and 29th Divs. east of the Meuse river;
this sector — shaped like a horseshoe held until
November 3; — ordered to straigliten out flanlt;
holding lines when armistice was signed; bil-
leted in former German prison camp November
14 to December 27; to Rignacourt 1 month; to
Deuxnous; March 28 to Fourth Training Area
near Chaumont; to St. Georges; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed May 16 on U. S. S. Texan; landed Phila-
delphia May 29. To Camp Dix; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

JONES, CECn.

Marathon
Born February 28, 1892. Enl. May 28, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 127th Inf. 32d Div. Trained at
Camp Lewis; Camp Kearny. . Fought in Ar-
gonne sector in France. Mustered out Ajiril
27. 1919 at Fort D. A. Russell.

JONES, CHABI.es
Elk Township

Born July 9. 1890. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. D, 163d Inf. 41st Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon in Co. C, 4th Replm. Regt.; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken August 30 on
U. S. S. Plattsburg: landed Brest September
12. To camp near old fort of Napoleon one
week; to St. Georges one week; was trans, there
to Co. L, 163d Inf. 41st Div.; to La Valbonne;
to Funa from September 29 to December 16;
trans, to Inf. Cannondots School Bn. from
September 29 to April 10, 1919; spent part
of time at Le Mans; moved towards Brest.
Sailed April 10, on Charleston; landed New
Y'ork April 21, 1919. To Camp Merritt one
week; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out May 1,
1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA \'ISTA COUNTY

131

JONES, FORREST K.
Storm Iiake

Born February 28, 18;H. Enl. August 27,
1917. Sergt. Co. M, 350th Regt. 88th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge. In service 22
months, nine of which were spent in France.
Was in Haute-Alsace sector, under fire four
weeks; six days in front line trenches; three
weelis in reserve trenches. Qualified as sharp-
shooter. Mustered out June 6. 1919, at Camp
Dodge.

JONES, RAYMOND AI.I.ISON
Storm Ijake

Born December 11, 188-1. Enl. August 22,
1917. Cadet, 2d Co. 13th Training Regt.
Trained at Ft. Snelling. Mustered out Novem-
ber 11, 1917.

JONES, VALENTINE S.
■Washingrton Township
Born June 24, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 31Gth Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon four weeks. Sailed from New
York on U. S. S. Plattsburg August 30, with
24th Automatic Replm.; landed Brest Septem-
ber 12. To St. Georges September 20; to
Verdun October 1; to Issencourt about ten
days; to Genicourt where he joined the 79th
Div. on front lines relieving the 26th Div.
on October 28; to Base Hosp. No. 44 on ac-
count of "flu": rejoined regt. at Heippes Jan-
uary 16; to Chambroncourt; to Tiffauges; tn
St. Nazaire. Sailed for U. S. May 11; landed
New York May 29. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

JORGENSEN, CHRISTIAN SKYTTE

Newell
Born March 7, 1888. Enl. September 20,

1917. Pvt Co. G, 163d Inf. 41st Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge until November 20, with Co.
A, 350th Inf.; to Camp Pike, Co. I, 347th Inf.
87th Div.; to Camp Merritt. Sailed June 20,

1918. member of 5th Casual Replm. Co.; landed
Liverpool July 1, 1918. To Winchester two
days; to Southampton; crossed Channel July
4 to Cherbourg. To St. Aignan; joined the
ll)3d Inf. Co. G; left July 14; Joined the 2d
Div. July 16; to Soissons July 18 to 20; St.
Mihiel September 12 to 16; Mont Blanc Ridge;
Changpre sector, October 3 to 12; Meuse-Av-
gonne; severely wounded November 4; oper-
ated on in Evac. Hosp. No. 15; to Hosp. Mobile
8; to Base Hosp. No. 86; to Mesves Center;
Base Hosp. No. 69 February 25; Hosp. No.
35 Kerhoun Center Brest. Sailed April 7;
landed New Y'ork April 17, 1919. Taken to
the U. S. Debarkation Hosp. No. 3; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out May 2, 1919, with 2r,
per cent disability.

JOSEFSON, GUST A.
Iiincoln To'wuship

Born January 23. 18;i2. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. B, 12th Eng. 2d Army. Trained
at Camp Dodge; Camp Grant; to Washington
Barracks; to Camp Merritt. Sailed August 29
on Bellank; landed Liverpool September 13.
To Winchester; to Southampton; to Cherbourg
To Angers; to Manillatown; to Gosgrove. oper-
ating a railroad. Sailed from Bordeaux on
Camp May; landed New York April 27. To
Camp Upton; to Camp Funston. Mustered out
May 17, 1919.

JUST, vrri.i.iAM

Coon To'wuship
Born July 3, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Inf. Trained at
Cainp Gordon. Discharged by reason of physi-
cal disability. Mustered out July 31, 1918.

KAIR, JAMES AXFRED
Newell Township
Born June 24, 1888. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. K, 316th Regt. 79th Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon with Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt.
Sailed from New York August 31 on U. S. S.
Plattsburg; landed Brest September 12. To
St. Georges; to Heippes; to front at Grand-
Montagne October 28; over the top November
3 and 4; to Teville November 11; December
11 in hosp. near Verdun; to Evac. Hosp. No
15 with "flu" from December 11 to January
12; to Rambruzin until March 26; to Cham-
brancourt; to Forfou; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
from St. Nazaire on U. S. S. Kronland May
18; landed New York May 30. To Camp Dlx;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 8, liilli.

e:eith, adna john

storm Iialce

Born August 14, 18815. Enl. May 3, 1918.
Machinist's mate in 11th Regt. of Navy at
G. L. N. T. S. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. Pro-
moted from seaman 2d-cl to machinist's mate.
Mustered out January 24, 1919.

KEI.SO, ARNIE A.

Newell
Born March 5. 1886. Enl. April 19, 1917. Sgt.
Co. E. 23, 50, 90 and 20th Divs. Trained at
Camp Gordon; El Paso. Texas; Syracuse. New
York; Camp Greene; Hog Island Ship Yards;
Camp Merritt; Camp Sevier; Camp Wads-
worth. Promoted from mechanic to sergt. in
Supply Dept. Mustered out March 10, 1919.

Claude Garland Kirkham Leslie E. Kislingbury Whitford R. Kislingbury

Storm Lake Alta Alta

Chris Klad-strup
Newell

Nels N. Kladytrup
Newell

Berger R. Kline
Nokomis Township

Krie A. Kling
Washington Township

Oscar \V. Kling-
Nokomis Township

Edward William Klockow
Brooke Township

E. Felix Kluge
Elk Township

Chris A. Knack
Grant Township

Gerhardt Knudsen
Newell

Tiltei'd li. Kmnlsim
Barnes Township

Albert G. Koth
Nokomis Township

Brooke Township

Anders Krusborg:
Newell

Edward P. Kruse
Newell

Thomas Laffin
Fairfield Township

Charles Lally
Storm Lake

Laurits Landsness
Lee Township

Henry H. Langner
Maple Valley Township

Sidney S. Lanham
Alta

Harold J. Larsen
Providence Township

Hubert C. Larsen
Alta

134

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA MSTA COUNTY

KENNEDY, THOMAS P.

Washington Township
Born July 18, 1896. Enl. July 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. L, 16th Regt. 1st Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon six weeks; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed from Hoboken on U. S. S. America Sep-
tember 20: landed Brest September 29. To
Meuse-Argonne front and remained there until
armistice was signed; was sent to field hosp.
fourteen days, then to a casual company
with 42d Div.; rejoined 1st Div. January 9
at Gen. Hdiirs. at Montabar; at Oberher; to
Durnbach; to Selters; to Ettinghausen; back
to Selters; from here division was moved to
Brest. Sailed on Amphion August 23, 1919;
landed New York September 19, 1919. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Meade; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out September 24, 1919.

KENNEDY, WHiLIAM J.

Washing-ton Township
Born August 14, 1888. Enl. July 26, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. H, 5th Replm. TTth Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon five weeks; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed to France. Moved up to the
front lines the day after the armistice was
signed; transferred to Artillery 1st of Janu-
ary, 1919; in Batt. A. F. A. 304. Mustered out
May 18, 1919.

KIDMAN, GEORGE C.
liCe Township
Born October 28, 1886. Enl. September 20,
1917. Pvt. Q. M. Detachment, Q. M. C.
Trained at Camp Dodge September 20, to
November 1, 1917; to Camp Cody November 1
to May 22, 1918; to Ft. Sam Houston May 22
to July 20; to Camp Scurrey July 20 to April
15, 1919. Mustered out April 15, 1919.

KIEITY, THOMAS T.
Storm liake
Born July 2, 1.S9.'!. Knl. .June 4. 1917. Trained
at Cherokee; at State Fair Grounds; to Camp
Mills. Sailed from Hoboken on U. S. S. Presi-
dent Grant October 18; returned to port Octo-
ber 28; re-embarked on English ship Celtic;
landed Liverpool December 1. To Winchester
9 days; to Le Havre December 11. To Rima-
court; to Langres; to Baccarat; entered line
in Luneville sector February 22; to Cham-
pagne July 1 to 18; to Chateau-Thierry July
22 to August 5; at St. Mihiel September 12;
wounded by machine-gun bullet September 12;
to Base Hosp. No. 68 at Mars; to Base Hosp.
No. 101 at St. Nazaire. Sailed on Rinjdam
December 18; landed Newport News January
1. 1919. To hospital at Richmond. Virginia:
to Camp Dodge, January 9. Mustered out
March 1, 1919.

KESI.ER, ROBERT
Storm Iiake
Born January 12. 1891. Enl. February 25,
1918. Corp. Co. F, 33d Regt. Trained at
Camp Devens. Sailed for France June 29 from
New York; landed Brest July 12. Saw serv-
ice in France. Sailed from Brest May 20,
1919; landed Newport News June 1. To Camp
Stewart: to Camp Hill; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 15. 1919.

KIIIiSHOI.M, EJVIND

Storm liake
Born April 15, 1893. Enl. March 4, 1918.
Pvt. Casual Co. Trained at Camp Jackson;
Camp Hancock. Sailed May 25, 1918. Sta-
tioned at several camps in southern France,
but spent most of the time at Camp Mahun;
to Is-sur-Tille; to St. Luebes; was at Camp
Is-sur-Tille in artillery training school when
the armistice was signed. Sailed for U. S.
July 3, 1919. Mustered out July 26, 1919.

KESTEL, ANTHONY
Hayes Township

Born February 27, 1x94. Enl. July 1. 1918.
L. M. M. in Naval Reserve Force. Trained at
G. L. N. T. S. as aviation mechanic: trans,
to Q. M. C. Aviation. Mustered out January
12, 1919.

KIXI.SHOI.M, VIGGO

Alta

Born September 17, 1895. Enl. July 29. 1918.
Musician 2d-cl. Hdcirs. Co. 212th Engrs.. 12th
Div. Trained at Camp Forrest; Camp Devens.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge February 8.
1919.

KEVANE, WlililAM THOMAS
Rembrandt

Born September 25, 1897. Enl. April 12. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Batt. C, 14th F. A. Trained at
Ft. Sill. Mustered out January 16, 1919.

KINDWAIiIi, EIiMER CHESTER

Alta

Born November 11, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 163d Inf. 41st Div. Trained at

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

^jo

Camp Gordon in Co. D. 6th Replni. Regt.;
to Camp Merritt Co. 24 Inf. Replm. Left
Hoboken August 29; landed Brest September
12. To St. George with Co. M, 163d Int.; to
Mt. Richard, 163rd Mach. Gunners of Inf.
Sailed from Brest February 4 on U. S. S.
Huntington; landed Hoboken February 16,
1919. To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out March 4, 1919.

KINNEBVF, JAIVIES J.
Ne^well
Born January 19, 1895. Enl. May 5, 1917.
Mess sgt. Co, A, 331st Inf. S3d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; Camp Cody; Camp Di.x.
Sailed October 13; landed Breckenridge. Eng,
To Soutlianipton; to Le Havre; to Le Mans:
to Chemire; to Noyen; to Le Havre. Sailed
from Brest January 17; landed New York
January 25, 1919. To Camp Mills; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out February 8, 1919.

July 11. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 18, 1919.

KISI.INGBURY, WHITPORD E.

Alta

Bom January 27, 1891, Enl, July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon 29 days in Co. C. 4th Rpplm.
Regt.; to Camp Merritt, Sailed from New York
September 1 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed
Brest September 12. To St. George fifteen
days; to Verdun sector three weeks; to front
lines in Meuse-Argonne twelve days when
armistice was signed; November 24 sent to
Field Hosp. 315 with influenza; sent into
southern France to Base No. 19 for five
weeks; to Suley with company two weeks; to
Deanneur, then gradually moved back to St.
Nazaire. Sailed May 16 on U. S. S. Texan;
landed Philadelphia May 29, 1919. To Camp
Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 8,
1919.

XIBKHAM, CIiATTDE GARI.AND

Storm Iiake
Born October 14. 1895. Enl. September 18,
1917. Corp. Batt. F, 320th F. A. 82d Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge with Hdci. Co. 350tli
Inf.; to Camp Gordon; to Camp Mills May
10. Sailed from New York on English ship
City of Exeter May 18; landed Liverpool May
3(1. To Camp Winchester May 31; left Winches-
ter June 2; arrived Southampton June 2; landed
France June 3. Billeted at Camp Le Havre
No. 2; to Camp La Courtine June 6, trained
there until August 8; to Chateau-Thierry; to
Dieudnord August 21 to September 10; to
Blenod-les-Pont-a-Nousson September 11 to
21; to Chaudron Farm October 6 to November
1; to St. Georges; to Immecourt November
2 to 4; to Sommauthe-Beaumont November 5
to 10; after November 25 attached to the 80th
Div. and was the longest on the front at one
time of any expeditionary force of artillery.
Sailed from Bordeaux April 27; landed New
York May 9, 1919. To Camp Dix; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out May 26, 1919.

KISI.INGBVRV, I.ESI.II: E.

Alta
Born October 24, 1896. Enl. September 5.
1918. Sgt. Ist-cl. Base Hosp. No. 105 Med.
Dept. Trained at Camp Dodge two weeks;
to Ft. Benjamin Harrison; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed from Hoboken October 28; landed
Brest November 9. Stationed four miles out
of Brest for seven months. Sailed from Brest
June 30 on U. S. S. Frederick; landed Brooklyn

KIiADSTBTTP, CHRIS

Newell
Born June 10, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 313th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed on U. S. S. Plattsburg
from New York August 29; landed Brest Sep-
tember 12. To St. George and then to Rupt;
to Argonne-Meuse front from November 1 to
11; to Verdun one month: to Bar le Due; to La
Fanche; to Chalet near St. Nazaire. Sailed
May 16 on S. S. Paysandic; landed Newport
News June 2. Mustered out June 15, 1919.

KI.ASSTRVF, NEIiS N.
Ne'well
Born August 24, 1887. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt, Co. C, 116th Engrs. 41st Div. Trained
at Camp Forrest. Sailed October 20; landed
Brest. To Angers; to St. Nazaire. Mustered
out January 14, 1919.

KI.IM'i: ARTHUR D.

Nokomis Township
Born April 8, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. I, 163d Inf. 41st Div.; later pvt.
Hdqrs. Co. 23d Inf. 2d Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon with Co. D, 10th Replm. Bn.; to Camp
Merritt with Co. 24 Replm. Inf. Sai'ed from
Hoboken August 29: landed Brest September
12. To St. George with Co. I, 163d Inf., 41st
Div.; to Coblenz: to Bordeaux. t^niVd on U.
S. S. Santa Teresa April 11; landed Hoboken
April 23, 1919. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out May 16, 1919.

136

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA \qSTA COUNTY

KI.INE, BERGEB B.

Nokomis Township
Born August 25, 1893. Kn). Fflj. 25. 191S.
Pvt. Co. H, 349th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge two months; to Camp Logan;
to Camp Upton. Sailed from New York May
16 on Agamemnon; landed Brest May 24.
To Camp at Brest; to Engli-sh sector four and
one-half weeks; to force co-operating with the
Australians until August 24; with them until
armistice; to Luxemburg with Army of Occu-
pation from December 19 to May 11, 1919; to
Brest. Sailed May 11 on U. S. S. Slboney;
landed New York. To Camp Mills; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out May 29, 1919.

KI.III'i:, OSCAR

Alta
Born July 7. 1890. Enl. May 28. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. A, 352d Inf, 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; Camp Mills. Sailed from
New Y'ork August 16; landed Liverpool August
28 To Winchester; to Southampton; to Le
Havre August 29. At A. E. F. camp near Le
Havre; entered line of fighting in Haute-Alsace
sector October 24; in action 10 days; to Bel-
fort area; to Lucy; to Alsace sector; to
Pondrecourt area; to St. Nazaire. Sailed May
21; landed Camp Morris on June 1. To Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 13. 1919.

KI.ING, ERIC A.

■WasliiniTtoii Township
Born July 2t;, 1.S92. Knl. .luni- IT. 1917. Pvt.
(horseshoerl Troop C. 4th Cavalry. Trained:
Ft. Logan one month; to San Francisco two
and one-half months; to Hawaii fifteen
months; to Texas for border duty at Ft. Ring-
gold until September 9, 1919. Mustered out
September 9, 1919.

Y'orl\; to Washington for parade; to Camp
Meade; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out Sep-
tember 24. 1919.

Ki;OCKOW, EDWARD M.

Brooke To'wnship

Born June 7, 1892. Enl. June 26. 1918.
Wagoner. Co. B, 313th Engrs., 88th Div.
Trained at Camj) Dodge; to Camp Mills. Sailed
on ship Plassy August 16; landed Liverpool
August 28. To Camp Knotty Ash; to South-
ampton; sailed across Chanel to Le Havre
August 30. To Le Lammes; to Hericourt; to
Chevanne. here received intensive training;
to Elback. Alsace, in front lines October 10;
to Fountain, built warehouses; to Belfort;
to Pangy-sur-Meuse to take part in the Metz
offensive; arrived there November 10; to
Tro\assey to take possession of front
line trenches, while there armistice was
signed; to Pangy Moselle, built railroads; to
St. Mihiel to clean up town for three months;
to De Mange to clean up town; to St.- Nazaire
May 20. Sailed May 25 on Modawaska; landed
New Y'ork June 5. To Camp Mills; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 16, 1919.

KI.UGE, E. FEI.IX
Elk Township

Born Xovember 20. 1SS7. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from
Hoboken August 29; landed Brest .September
13. To St. Georges; to Vei'dun, whei'e he
entered line October 12; to Argonne Forest
October 25; to Evac. Hosp. ^To. 3; to Base
Hosp. No. 218; to camp at Bordeaux; was
wounded in battle of Argonne Forest in arm.
Sailed to New York January 18, 1919; landed
January 28. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out
February 21, 1919.

KI.ING, OSCAR W.
Nokoinis Township
Born May 3. 1896. Enl. July 24. 1918. Corp.
Co. K, 28th Regt., 1st Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon three months in 4th and 6th Replm.
Regts.; to Camp Merritt. Sailed on Leviathan
October 27, 1918; landed Liverpool November

3. To Southampton; to Le Havre. To front
at Sedan; joined 1st Div. at Verdun after
armistice was signed; to Ahn, Germany; to
Luxemburg one week; to Coblenz. Div. had
quarters at Montabaar; took over 2d Div. Area
at New Neuvied for two weeks; moved back
to Brest. Sailed for U. S. on Liberator on
August 22, 1919; landed New Y'ork September

4, 1919. To Camp Merritt; in parade in New

KNACK, CHRIS A.

Grant Township
Born December 16, 1896. Enl. September
5, 1918. Pvt. in Engrs. and Military Police
Organizations. Trained at Camp Dodge from
September 5 until January 28. 1919; two
months in Engrs. and two months in Military
Police. Mustered out at Camp Dodge, January
28, 1919.

KNUDSON, GERHARDT

Newell

Born April 28, 1898. Enl. September 28,
1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College. Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13, 1918,

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA A'ISTA COUNTY

137

KITUDSOK, TII.FEBD ROSS

Barnes Township
Born July 23. IS'.to. Unl. June 2e, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D. Development Bn. No. 1. Trained
at Camp Dodge, member of 313th Engrs. from
June 26 to August 1, with 163d Development
Bn. No. 1 from August 20 to December 28.
1918. In hosp. from October 20 to December
1'.I18. Mustered out December 11, 1918.

KOTH, AI.BERT G.
Nokomis Township

Born October 16, 1894. Enl, August 20, 1918.
Pvt. Med. Dept. Base Hosp. No. 126. Trained
at Camp Gordon three weeks with 4th Replm.
Regt.; to Camp McClellan with Med. Dept.
Base Hosp. No. 126 November 1, 1918.
Mustered out December 11. 1918.

KRACHT, GEOBGE C.

Brooke Township

Born June 1, 1896. Enl. February 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. U 351st Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge in Co. M, 131st Regt.; to Camp
Upton. Sailed May 22 on Leviathan; landed
Brest May 30. Trained at Perregot for three
weeks; to Albert sector; to Chippily Ridge;
to Verdun sector; to Argonne-Meuse offensive;
to Gressaire Woods offensive and defensive
until 'November 11; to Luxemburg from De-
cember 22 until May 1, 1919: to Brest. Sailed
on Kaiserin Augusta May 17, landed Hoboken
May 23. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out May 31, 1919.

KROG, OTTO J.

Grant Township
Born May 17, 1891. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. F, 313th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon from July 27 to August 23. Sailed
from Hoboken August 30 on U. S. S. - Platts-
burg; landed Brest September 12. To St.
Georges until October 5; to Verdun front
from October 5 to 22; to Meuse sector; to Ver-
dun front October 27; in offensive until No-
vember 11; to Duie; transferred to Verdun;
stationed at Conde until March 11; to La Fuch
April 23; to Cholet; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
May 16 on Pasando; landed New York June
2. To Camp Hill; to Camp Stewart; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 12, 1919.

KRUSBORG, ANDBRS

Otherwise known as ANDERS K. ANDEREM'

M'e'well

Born November 23, 1894. Enl. July 24.

1918. Pvt. Co. D, 162d Inf. 41st Div. Trained

at Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York Octo-

ber 27 on British boat; landed Liverpool No-
vember 8. To Winchester 3 days; to Le Havre,
the day after the armistice was signed. Sta-
tioned at Contres from November 16 to Feb-
ruary 2, 1919. Sailed from Brest February
19 on the U. S. S. Frederick; landed U. S.
March 2. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out
March 14. 1919.

KRVSE, ED-WARD F.

Newell
Born October 31, 1892. Enl. July 29. 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 212th Engrs., 12th Div. Trained
at Camp Forrest; to Camp Devens. Mustered
out January 31. 1919.

IiATTT^TH, THOMAS
Fairfield Township
Born January 18, 1895. Enl. September 20,

1917. Corp. 2d Bn. Int. Section 3Sth Regt.
3d Div. Trained at Comp Dodge; to Camp
Pike. Landed in France July 1. To Gondre-
court for training; in the Aisne-Marne offen-
sive from July 18 to 27; in Vesle sector
August 4 to 11; in Meuse-Argonne September
30 to October 27; with Army of Occupation
December 1 to August 6, 1919. Mustered out
August 29, 1919.

I.AI.I.Y, CHARLES

Storni liake
Born October 19, 1896. Enl. September 5,

1918. Pvt. Co. 105 Kerhoun Hosp. Center.
Trained at Camp Dodge, trans, to Med. Corps.
To France. Stationed at Kerhoun Hosp. Cen-
ter; later moved to Pontome.ver Camp Hosp.
No. 33, where he was stationed until October
19, when he returned to the United States.
Mustered out November 4, 1919.

LANCASTER, JOHN W.

Frovidence To'wnship

Born July 15, 1893. Enl. September 5. 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, M. P. 19th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge, assigned to Co. 58, 15th Bn, 163 D. B.;
October 15, trans, to Co. A. M. P. 19th Div.;
November 1 trans, to Camp Grant to Officers'
Training School and remained there until
mustered out November 30. 1918.

I.ANDSNESS, I.AURITS
lee Township
Born April 15. 1887. Enl. August 20, 1918.
Pvt. Trained at Camp McClellan May 25 to
December 12; at Camp Gordon five weeks.
Mustered out at Camp McClellan December
12, 1918.

Carl A. Larson
Maple Valley Township

Uavid S. Larson
Alta

Erick Larson
Elk Township

Gustave Barney Larson
Sioux Rapids

P^^^^HB

■

Bf «^-

jfl

Harry W. Larson
Fairfield Township

Lambert Joshua Larson Reuben Ferdinand Larson William O. Larson

Alta Alta Linn Grove

Andreas M. Lauridsen
Elk Township

Xels E. Lauridson
Newell

Ichabod A. Lawton
Newell

Denton N. Layman
Newell

^mm

^MlP"

•%j

vF^

'■-•1

^i-

■^"■,* V

.♦■»*

'— '■"

* J

Grant Township

lUiymund H. I^eonard
Sioux Rapids

Fred Li-miilri- Gi-oiyi- llt-nderson Lewis

Washington Township Storm Lalie

Leo Lewis
Storm Lake

Thomas Lewis
Linn Grove

Virgil S. Lewis Kdmund Lichtenberg

Marathon Maple Valley Township

Otto F. Lichtenberg Hjalmer F. Lilja

Alta Maple Valley Township

Edward Lind Charles Ausust Lindblade

Marathon Alta

I40

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA \'ISTA COUNTY

IiANGNEB, HENRY H.

Maple Valley Township
Born November 30, 18115. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 210th Engrs. Trained at Camp
Pore.st; Camp Funston; to Camp Mills; to
Camp Hunmphrey.s; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out February 19, 1919.

LANHAM, SIDNEY S.
Alta

Born July 16, 1901. Enl. April 1, 1918. Sea-
man, U. S. Xavy. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.;
to U. S. Naval Operating Base. Hampton
Roads. Sailed on U. S. S. Finland January 9.
1919; trans, to U. S. S. Florida and left for
Ouantanamo Bay. February 4 for battle prac-
tice; to St. Kitts Island, British West Indies;
later cruised along coast of South America and
Panama; to Cuba;" to Haiti and Porto Rico;
got under way for the United States April
10, 1919; anchored in North River April 16;
ship gave a ball at Terrace Gardens. New
York. April 20. Mustered out May 1. 1919.

I.ABSEN, HAROI.I> J.
Providence Township

Born February 21, 1889. Enl. February 25.
1918. Pvt. Co. L, 131st Regt. 33d Division.
Trained at Camp Dodge and Camp Logan.
Sailed from New York May 22 on Leviathan;
landed Brest May 30. To Welville; to the
line at Perrigott on Albert front until August
5; over the top at Albert front; to Chippiley.
went over top August 9; to Amiens; to Ver-
dun front at Germanville, served here ten
days; on Meuse river September 26 for objec-
tive for five miles, held lines here until Octo-
ber 5; October 10 went over the top again,
having hardest fight of campaign taking town
of Sonstanvoy, was in reserve for six days;
on outpost duty on this front, and went over
top again November 10; in lines when armis-
tice was signed; to Luxemburg, was here until
April 13; to Brest. Sailed May 13 on S. S.
Kaiserin; landed New York May 22. Mustered
out May 31, 1919.

IiARSEN, HUBERT C.
Alta

Born September 19, 1896. Enl. May 23, 1917.
L. D. S. musician in Navy. Trained at G. L.
N. T. S. for nine months; to Naval Operating
Base at Hampton Roads one month; to U. S.
S. Arkansas; to U. S. S. San Francisco three
months: to U. S. S. Baltimore five months; to
Great Lakes one month. Helped lay mine bar-
rage between Norway and Scotland. Mustered
out August 17. 1919.

IiARSON, CARI. A.

Maple Valley Township
Born June i, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. 163d Inf. 41st Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon one month in 4th Replm. Regt. Co. D;
to Camp Merritt. Sailed on U. S. S. Platts-
burg. Trans, to 163d Inf. 41st Div. at St.
George; was in hosp. with influenza; to Con-
valescent Hosp. at St. George; and later to
Montrichord; to Pontlevise Hosp.; to St.
George. Sailed on U. S. S. Huntington Feb-
ruar.\* 4; landed Hoboken February 16. To
Camp Dix one week; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out March 4. 1919.

I.ARSON, DAVIS S.

Alta
Born December 3, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mustered out December 16.
1918.

IiARSON, ERICK

Elk To-wnship
Born January 17, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mustered out December 21,
1918.

I.ARSON, GUSTAVE BARNEY

Sioux Rapids
Born July 15, 1893. Enl. December 5. 1917.
Pvt. 122d Aerial Squadron, Army Aviation
Branch. Trained at Ft. Logan; Kelly Field;
Camp Vail; H. J. Damm Field. Mustered out
July 22, 1919.

IiARSON, HARRY W.

Fairfield Township

Born March 6, 1889. Enl. February 24, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. K, 119th Inf. 30th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge February 24 to April 6 in 351st
Inf. 88th Div.; ordered to Camp Sevier from
April 9 to May 7; to Camp Merritt. Sailed
from Boston May 12 on British ship Loame-
don; landed Liverpool May 27. To Dover May
28; to Calais May 29. To Uese May 31; to
front lines in Belgium July 3 to 5; July 24
to first support line trenches in East Poperinge.
Belgium: attached to Scotch Army for front
line training; took charge of trenches on
August 10 one-half mile south of Y'pres; in
119th Field Hosp. with inlluenza on Si-ptember
1; to 106th British Field Ambulance Septem-
ber 5; to St. Pol; September 12 rejoined div.;

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

141

to Tinnacourt September 23: to Sonime front;
to St. Quentin sector: severely wounded Sep-
tember 30 near Bellicourt: to Trouville, Brit-
ish Hosp. No. 74, arm amputated; to Bath
War Hosp. October 6 to 20; to U. S. Hosp.
at Paignton, England November 29. Sailed
on U. S. Cedric December 14; landed Nevr
York December 23. To U. S. Debarkation
Hosp., Ellis Island; January 4 to Ft. Des
Moines. Mustered out at Hospital No. 26 May
13, 1919.

I.ABSON, JOHN

Maratliou
Enl. September 6, 1918. Pvt. 163d D. B.
Trained at Camp Dodge. Mustered out Jan-
uary 6. 1919.

I.ABSON, LAMBEKT JOSHUA

Alta
Born August 22, 1900. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out De-
cember 13, 1918.

I.ARSOI'T, BEUBEIT FERDINAND
Alta

Bern May 21, 1899. Enl. June 7, 1918. Yeo-
man 2d-cl. Navy. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.
one month; to Ellis Island; trans, to North
Bombing Squadron. Sailed on U. S. S. Gold
Shell, in July; landed Brest July 29. Trans,
ferred to U. S. Naval Aviation Repair Base,
Eastleigh. England, for eight months: to U. S.
S. Brandenburg seven weeks until this boat
was turned over to England; to U. S. Navy
Mine Sweeping Forces. Inverness, Scotland,
for five weeks. Sailed for U. S. from Brest
on U. S. S. Harrisburg June 25, 1919; landed
Hoboken July 2. To Bay Ridge Barracks: to
Great Lakes. Mustered out August 20, 1919.

i;aubenz, harry jui.ius

Newell

Born September 5, 1898. Enl. October 2, 1918.
Pvt. Co. H, S. A. T. C. Trained: Iowa State
University. Mustered out December 19. 1918.

IiAURIDSEN, ANDREAS MARINUS
Elk Township

Born June 29. 1895. l-;?!]. .luly 24. 1918.
Pvt. Sup. Co. 316th Regt. 79th Piv. Trained
at Camp Gordon one month; to Camp Merritt.
Was sent over as member of replm regt. Sailed
from Hoboken August 31 on U. S. S. Platts-
burg; landed Brest September 12. Was with
79th Div. all the way and returned with this
division. Sailed from St. Nazaire May 16;
landed Philadelphia May 29, 1919. Sailed on
U. S. S. Texan. To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 8, li)19.

I.AURIDSON, NEI^S E.

Newell
Born June 3, 1893. Enl. August 2, 1918.
Pvt. Inf. Trained at Camp Forrest. Mustered
out by reason of physical disability, August
17. 1918.

I.AWTON, ICHABOD A.

Newell
Born January 14, 1889. Enl. July 25, 1918.
2d Lieut. 1st Inf. Replm. Trained at Camp
Gordon; to Campi Humphreys. Promoted to
Corp.. to sergt.. to 2d Lieut. Mustered out
December 11, 1918.

I.ABSON, 'WII.I.IAM O.

Iiinu Grove
Born August 8, 1897. Enl. in May, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. Co., 168th Regt.. 42d Div.
Sailed for France in July. 1917. In action from
February 20, 1918; took part in nearly all
battles in which Americans participated: Lunr-
ville sector. Champagne, Chateau-Thierry, .St.
Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne; w'as with Army
of Occupation. Mustered out April 8, 1919.

I.ATTA, MARION M.
Sioux Rapids

Born A|)ril 1. 1.S9S. Enl. October 1. 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained Buena Vista Col-
lege, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out Decem-
ber 13, 1918.

I.AYMAN, DENTON N.
Ne'well

Born January 11, 1890. Enl. December 14.
1917. Sergt. Intelligence Dept., 328th Squad-
ron Aviation. Trained at Ft. Logan; Kelly
Field; Camp Taylor; to T. C. six months.
Mustered out November 26, 1918.

IiEE, HARRY B.
Poland Township

Born July 2.'.. lS:i4. lOnl. July 24. 191S. Pvt.
53d Pioneer Infantry. Trained at Camp Gor-
don in 438th Motor Supply Train, Motor Trans-
portation Corps. Sailed from New Y'ork
August 30 on IT. S. S. Plattsburg: landed Brest
September 12. In hospital at St. Georges two

Arthur E. C. Lindgren Clarence Elmer Lindlief

Fairfield Township Storm Lake

EI win Lindlief
Alta

Amos H. Lindsay
Nokomis Township

Thomas King Lloyd
Linn Grove

Ira H. Lockwood
Storm Lake

Arthur U. Lukkea
Scott Township

Fred O. Long
Washington Township

Harry S. Lovesee
Storm Lake

Joseph R. Loving Theodore T. Loving Carl Elem Lundberg

Fairfield Township Fairfield Township Poland Township

.Mi'lvin Lundeen
Linn Grove

Halph O. Lusher
Storm Lake

B']rt M. Mack
Storm Lake

Frank \V. Mack
Storm Lake

Alfred C. Madison
Coon Township

Hans '^. j^'adsen
Newell

Carl ^V. >''.dson
Newell

Carl A. Magnusen
Nokomis Township

Henry Fred Manteufel
Hayes Township

George Otto Marcher
Elk Township

Paul P. Mark
Washington Township

■William T. Mark
Washington Township

144 ■ HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

weeks; to Verdun front October 10; hauled
ammunition to front until October 22; to
Field Hosp. at Beneivaux until November 11;
to Replm. Camp near Souilley; assigned to
53d Pioneer Inf. November 24. Sailed from
Bre.<!t April 22; landed Newport News May 4.
To Camp Stewart; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out May 19, 1919.

ver work; to Prov. Hosp. No. 1 with influenza
and typhoid fever for three months, had oper-
ation for mastoids; to Base Hosp. No. 79; to
Kvac. Hosp. No. 31; to Keson June 5. Sailed
as casual on U. S. S. Leviathan June 5; landed
Hoboken June 12, 1919. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 19, 1919.

IiEHmAN, ERNEST W.
Grant To-wnship
Born February 21, 1894. Bnl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 316th Regt., 79th Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York
Augu.st 29; landed Brest September 12. To
St. Georges two weeks; to Verdun sector; to
Mockasin Woods; November 5 to Alsace-Lor-
raine front for three days; to Reveille until
December 26; to Issencourt until March 28;
to Trampart; to Vallet; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
May 15; landed Philadelphia May 29. Mustered
out June 8, 1919.

I.i:ONARD, RAYMOKD K.

Sioux Rapids
Born July 29, 1887. Enl. December 11, 1917.
Sgt. Second Prov. Ordnance Dept. Bn., Army
Ordnance Dept., later Intermediate Ordnance
Depot No. 4, France. Trained at Camp Dodge;
to Camp Merritt April 1. Sailed from New
York on Aquatania April 2; landed Liverpool
April 10. Crossed Channel to Le Havre April
12. To Mehun and worked there until August
20; to Toul sector August 23, served on am-
munition supply work during St. Mihiel offen-
sive; assigned to Munitions Office 4th Army
Corps October 4, .=-alvaged ammunition; put in
charge of ammunition dump at Limey Octo-
ber 26 until November 11; to Buconville; to
Mayen. Germany, December 15; on detached
service with Chief Ordnance Officer at Coblenz
until March 8, 1919. Sailed from Brest April
S; landed in U. S. April 20. Mustered out at
Mitchell Fipkl April 25, 1919.

IiESSMEIER, FRED

■Washington Township
Born October 16, 1892. Enl. June 23, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge one month; to Camp Upton
August 7; trans, to port of embarkation at
New York August 11. Sailed on S. S. Delta
August 11; landed New London, Eng.. August
26. To Camp Rumsey; crossed English Chan-
nel to Cherbourg. Trained at Semur one
month: to Belfort; to Boschello near front;
23 days on patrol duty; to Toul sector; to
Sanzy; to Conercy; to Mullemount for maneu-

IiEWIS EDWIN V.

Ne'well
Born January lu. l.sxii. Enl. May 10, 1918.
Sgt. Ist-cl. In School for Bakers and Cooks.
Trained at Camp Dodge; was instructor in
cooking. Mustered out January 23. 1919.

I.EWIS FI.OYD M.

Storm liake
Born October 16, 1896. Enl. September 6,
1918. Pvt. in Officers' Training School at
Camp Pike. Trained at Camp Pike. Mustered
out December 1, 1918.

I;E'WIS, GEORGE HENDERSON

Storm Ijake

Born June 6, 1887. Enl. September 20, 1917.
Corp. Co. F. 313th Engrs. SSth Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Promoted from pvt. to corp.
March 15, 1918. Sailed August 16, 1918; landed
Le Havre August 31. Trained in back areas
until October 5; at front at south end of battle
line October 7; at Haute-Alsace front October
7 to November 9, doing engineer work, no
lighting, under shrapnel fire a few times; after
armistice built railroad on line to Metz from
south and built and re:)aired roads. Sailed
from St. Nazaire May 27; landed New York
June 6, 1919. Mustered out June 15, 1919.

I.EWIS, I.EO

Storm Iiake
Born June 27, 1896. Enl. February 25, 1918.
Radio Operator. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; at
Cambridge. Harvard University. Mustered out
December 19, 1918.

IiEVriS, THOMAS

Iiinn Grove
Born November 4, 1890. Enl. July 21. 191S.
Pvt. Co. C, 11th Bn. 4th Replm. Regt. Trained
at Camp Gordon. Saw foreign service begin-
ning August 24, 1918; in guard duty at Camp
Hosp. No. 26 at St. Agni, France. Mustered
out February 25, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VIST A COUNTY

145

I>i:WIS, VIRCrlli s.
Marathon

Born September 5. 18a3. Enl. July 1, 1918.
Pvt. Motorized Field Artillery. Trained with
Batt. B. 3d Regt. F. A. R. D. ; at Armour In.sti-
tute from July 1 to August 26; to Camp Taylor
August 28 to December 31. Mustered out
December 31, 1918.

IiICHTEKTBEBG, EDMUND
Maple Valley Township
Born October 4, 1894. Enl. September 20,
1917. Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. E, 18th Regt. 1st Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge; to Camp Pike.
Sailed from Hoboken on British transport
Aurelius June 20, 1918; landed Cherbourg,
July 5, 1918. In Sazuria sector August 7 to
24; to St. Mihiel offensive September 12 to 13;
Meuse-Argonne October 21 to November 8;
in Army of Occupation December 1 to August
18, 1919. Citation awarded G. O. 5th Hdq. 1st
Brig. June 1, 1919; decorated by the French
Government with tlie red-green shoulder cord.
Sailed from Brest on U. S. S. Santa Teresa
August 23; landed Hoboken September 4,
1919. Mustered out September 24, 1919.

IiICHTENBEBG, OTTO F.

Alta
Born June 12, 1896. Enl. September 5, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. F. 88th Inf. 19tli Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Promoted to pvt. Ist-cl.
Mustered out February 9, 1919.

I.rEBSCH, HEBMAN A,

Stomi liake
Born January 9, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 4th Replm. Bn. Trained at Camp
Gordon. Mustered out December 19. 1918.

I.IEBSCH, WIIiIiIAM T.

Storm Iiake

Born January 17, 1890. Enl. SeiUember 17,
1918. Pvt. Ist-cl. Med. Corps. Motor Detach-
ment. Trained at Camp Dodge; to Camp Pike;
to Camp Jackson. Mustered out Febuary 12,
1919.

Sailed August 30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed
September 12 in France. To Verdun sector
two weeks; moved to front lines November
7; to Bvac. Hosp. No. 15 December 6 to 18; left
hospital February 28, 1919, cured of influenza
and typhoid fever. Sailed from St. Nazaire
May 16; landed Philadelphia May 29. To Camp
Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 7,
1919.

IiIDTD, EDWARD

Marathon

Born September 24, 1896. Enl. September 5,

1918. Pvt. Ist-cl. 2d Inf., 19th Div. Trained

at Camp Dodge from .'September 6. 1918, to

June 30, 1919. Mustered out June 30, 1919.

I.IITDBI.ADE, CKARI.es AUGUST

Alta
Born August 2, 1886. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 164th Inf. 41st Div. Trained at
Camp Pike; to Camp Merritt. Sailed October
1; landed Brest October 13. To Contres; to
Friend about six weeks; to St. Aignan two
weeks, and then were moved frequently until
time for deijarture for home; did not partici-
pate in any battle, but was under orders to
leave for front when armistice was signed.
Mustered out March 11, 1919.

IiINDGREN, ARTHUR E. C.
Fairfield Township '

Born November 19, 1889. Enl. June 26, 1918.
Pvt. Med. Dept. Mustered out July 9, 1918.
Re-enlisted September 4, 1918. Pvt. Hdq.
Casual Detachment M. O. T. C, Trained at
Fort Riley. Mustered out on account of flat
feet, January 13, 1919.

I^INDIiIEF, CI.ABENCE EI.MER

Storm liake

Born April 3. 1S97. Enl. July 27. 191S.
Seaman 2d-cl. U. S. N. R. Trained at G. L..
N. T. S. one month; to Puget Sound Naval
Training Station; reported for active duty on
U. S. S. AVest Zeda. Sailed from Portland,
Oregon. December 28 with cargo of Hour liuund
for Brest. Arrived New York January 29
where he helped load provisions. Received a
release from active duty February 3, 1919.

I.II.JA, HJAI.MER F.

Maple Valley To^rnship

Born September 10, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Inf.; permanently as-
signed to 316th Regt. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon four weeks; to Camp Merritt.

I,INDI.IEF, ELWIN

Alta

Born April 4, 1899. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out De-
cember 13, 1918.

146

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUNTY

I.INDMABK, GERHARD
Albert City-
Born SeptomlnT 111. 1S93. Enl. and assigned
to 13th Inf. 163d Depot Brigade. Trained at
Camp Dodge.

IINDSAY, AMOS
Nokomis Township

Born September 19. 1SS7. Enl. Peljruary 24.
1918. Pvt. Batt. B, 305th Regt. F. A. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Upton. Sailed April
2G on U. S. S. Northern Pacific; landed
Brest May 4, 1918. To Alsace-Lorraine, Bac-
carat sector; to Meiise-Argonne; Oise to Aisne
river; to Cherry Chatraine; to Havicourt when
armistice was signed; to Yonne four days; to
Verpel; to Arcembavr; to Malicome; to Brest.
Sailed April 21 on captured Kaiser- Wilhelm;
landed Hoboken April 29. To Camp Mills
two weeks; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
May 18, 1919.

LLOYD, THOMAS KING

Iiinn Grove
Born December 14, 1894. Enl. June, 1917.
Sgt. Co. 79, 6th Regt., Marines, 2d Div. Trained
at Paris Island; Quantico, Va. Sailed from
Hoboken August 18 on the U. S. S. Von Steu-
ben; landed Brest August 27. In Meuse-Ar-
gonne offensive, went over the top November
1; after armistice with Army of Occupation
seven months at Rheinhold, Germany. Won
honors as expert rifleman; recommended for
Good Conduct Medal; recommended for re-
instatement upon re-enlistment. Sailed on U.
S. S. George Washington July 25; landed Camp
Mills August 3. 1919. Mustered out August
13. 1919.

LOCKWOOS, IRA H.

Stonu Lake
Born November 29, 1883. Enl. July 10, 1917.
Captain, Evac. Hosp. No. 1. Sailed from New
York December 24. 1917. on British ship Can-
ada; landed Liverpool January 8. To Win-
chester 3 days; to Southampton; to Le Havre.
To Blois; to Is-sur-Tille; to Toul January 19;
to Sebastapol Barracks; to Evac. Hosp. until
February 19. 1919; to Nantes; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed April 14 on Prince Matioka; landed
Newport News April 27. To Camp Hill; to
Camp Dcdge. Mustered out May 5. 1919.

LOKKEIT, ARTHUR O.

Scott To-wnship
Born November 22, 1887. Enl. May 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 352d Regt., 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; there trans. June 15 to Co. 18,
5th Bn. 163d D. B. Mustered out November 30.
1918.

LONG, FRED G.

Washington Township
Born December 27. ISIUL l-^nl. January 2,
1918. Pvt. Aerial Squadron, Div. No. 831,
Aviation Service. Trained: Winchester and
►Stanford, England; chief work, mechanic in
airplane service. Mustered out December 23,
1918.

LOVESEE, HARRY S.
Stonu Lake

Born November 3. 1SS8. Enl. April 9, 1918.
Corp. Batt. B, 12th Regt. M. T. C. Trained at
Wisconsin State University in A. T. S.; to
Camp Jacksor\ as instructor in driving am-
munition trucks. Mustered out April 3, 1919.

LOVESEE, RALPH E.
Storm Lake
Born January 10. 1893. Served in 15th Veter-
inary Hosp. Unit, Med. Corps.

LOVING, JOSEPH R.
Fairfield Township

Born August 25, 1894. Enl. Fe'-ruary 2^.
1918. Pvt. 306th Co. Batt. E. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp UiJton. Sailed April
22 on Leviathan; landed Brest May 2. To
Bordeaux; to front lines in Baccarat sector; to
Chateau-Thierry about 21 days; to Argonne
front until November 10; to Boudeville two
months; to Noyen: to Brest. Sailed April 20
on Agamemnon: landed Hoboken April 28. To
Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
May 18. 1919.

LOVING, THEODORE E.

Fairfield Township

Born November 19, lS9ii. Enl. February 24.
1918. Pvt. Co. C, 314th Ammunition Train,
89th Div. Trained at Camp Dodge in Co. E.
351st Inf.; to Camp Upton March 2i i-^ (^o.
B, 39th Engrs. 3 weeks; to Batt. F, 305th F.
A.; to Hosp. with infected arm; assigned to
Depot Brigade; June 10 to Camp Mills, at-
tached to Ammunition Train. Sailed on Cretic
June 27; landed Liverpool July 10. To camp
at Winchester; to Southampton; to Cherbourg
July 12. To rest camp 2 days; to Eyseines;
to front August 3 at Andelot; in motor trucks
to Bourq; received more trucks next day and
began duty at front hauling ammunition to
infantry and artillery in Toul sector; Sep-
tember 14 to Bouillonville; to Flircy. Essy.
Envezin. Limey. Pannes. Benny, Thiaucourt
and other small villages; in this sector he was
subjected to nightly shell fire and aerial raids.

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA \ISTA COL'XTV

147

on the road and at Co. Hdqrs.; with others
wounded and gassed sent to hospitals: re-
joined comyany October 15 at Kxmouien Farm
in Meuse-Argonne sector; supplied infantry at
EpiJionville. Romagne, Cirges. Genes, Remons-
ville. Bayonville, Barricourt, Nouahr, Tilly.
Beauclair, Beaufort, Beaumont, Luhaville, and
other points; subjected to shell fire and aerial
raids; October 's5 under heavy shell fire, many
men gassed and wounded at camp and on am-
munition detail, at Romagne; at Barricourt
took pontoon boats to be used in crossing
Meuse river; after armistice moved to Stenay,
Montmedy, Mixlatige, Belgiurfi; to Arlon; to
La Rochette; to Luxemburg; to Flussem, Ger-
many; to Gindorf; to Rohl, stationed here until
May 10; to Erdorf, Germany; to Brest. Sailed
May 16; landed May 25 at Hoboken. To Camp
Upton; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June
«, Htlti.

I.UCEY, JERRY T.

Storin Iiake

Born August 25, 188t;. lOnl. .lune 5, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E. 338th Regt., 8th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Sailed from New York August
1; landed Liverpool. To Winchester; to South-
ampton; to Le Havre. To Bordeaux. Sailed
December 22; landed Newport News January
5, 1919. Mustered out January 15, 1919.

I.UNDBERG, CARI. EIiEM

Poland Township

Born January 12. 1897. Knl. September 5.

1918. Pvt. Co. If, 88th Inf. 19th Div. Trained

at Camp Dodge; confined to hospital one month.

Mustered out December 17, 1918.

IiUKDEEN, MEIiVIN
I^inn G-rove

Enl. October 9. 1917. Trained at Santiago.
California.

I.USHEB, RAIiFH O.
,'3torin Iiake

Born November 2(;. 1,S93. Enl. July 24,
1918. Pvt. Hdqrs. Troop, Inf. 2d Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon. Landed Brest September
14, 191s. Detained three weeks at St. Georges
witli influenza; joined tlie 2d Div. No\'ember
1 in Meuse-Argonne Forest; after armistice
passed witli troops across Belgium to Luxem-
burg and the provinces of Germany west of
the Rhine; crossed the Rhine December 13 and
began duties with Army of Occupation until
July 20: to Brest, Sailed July 25; landed Camp
Mills. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out August
14, 1919.

MACK, BURT M,
Storm liake

Born r)ctober 6, l&.sl. Enl. October IS. 191.S.
1st Lieut. Co. N, 2d Bn. In service at Edge-
wood Arsenal, Edgewood, Md. Mustered out
January 30, 1919.

MACK, FRANK W.
Storm Ziake

Born October 23, issi. Enl. August 27. 1917.
Major, Chemical Warfare Service. Served in
Chemical Warfare Service, 2d Bn. Edgewood
Arsenal: at Second Training Camp Ft. Snell-
ing; at Fortress Monroe, Coast Artillery U,
S. R. November 27, 1917. Promoted to 1st
Lieut. Ordnance Corps; to Captain, Ordnance
X. A. June 29, 1918; to Major, Chemical War-
fare Service July 20, 1918. Mustered out
March 20. 1919.

MADISON, ALFRED C.

Coon TowTiship

Born December 12. 1S91. Enl. July 29. 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 122d Engrs. Trained at Camp
Forrest July 30 to September 18. Sailed from
New York September 30 on U. S. S. George
Washington: landed Brest October 13. To Javes
to November 12; to Allencon to November 20;
to Le Mans November 21 and stationed there
until May 1, 1919; to Joinville May 7 and
assisted in building stadium; to Brest June 21.
Sailed from Brest June 30 on Pretaria; landed
Hoboken July 12, 1919. To Camp Mills; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out July 20, 1919.

MADSEN, HANS C.
Newell

Born April 11, 1896, Enl. February 24, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. 48. 20th Engrs. Trained at
Camp Dodge in Co. E, 351st Inf.; trans, to
Co. 48, 20th Engrs.; to Washington, D. C.
Sailed on U. S. S. Leviathan May 22; landed
Brest May 30. June 15 to Sens, truck driver
for American lumber mill; to Vaux Gironde
September 14; to point near Bordeaux March
10, drove truck for lumber mill. Sailed from
Bordeaux June 10; landed New York June 21.
Mustered out June 30, 1919.

MADSON, CARI. W.

Newell

Born September 28, 1895. Enl. March 9.
1918. Pvt. 75th Co.. Regt. Hdtp-s. C. A. C.
Trained at Fort Moultrie. Sailed from Ho-
boken on U. S. S. Sippeney September 6;

Andred C. J. Mark Edmund L. Marousek William F. Marquardt

Elk Townshii) Storm Lake Storm Lake

Lc-sti-r William Marsh
Sioux Rapids

Roland M. Marten
Storm Lake

Kayminiil A. Mailz
Storm Lake

Joseph L. Mason
Washington Township

Clan-nie \i. Mattelln
Poland Township

Walter Matzdorff
Elk Township

William J. Matzdorff
Brooke Township

Frank G. May
Storm Lake

Oscar Mays
Sioux Rapids

Jesse Aledsker
Rembrandt

E(livaii) (• Meinking
Brooke Township

Kdward J. Mernin
Providence Township

Blanche Adeil Merry
Sioux Rapids

Roscoe Cecil Merry
Sioux Rapids

Arthur H. Meseck
Grant Township

Leo Meyer
Truesdale

Ora William Meyer
Storm Lake

Warren B. Meyers
Truesdale

Carl Edwin Mickelson
Rembrandt

Roy Aaron Mikelson
Alta

Thorwald V. Mikkelson
Newell

ISO

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

landed Brest September IS. To Grieves; to old
Marne for training to November 11; to Le
Mans; to St. Naizaire. Sailed February 2& on
Kronland; landed March 10. Mustered out
March 17, 1919.

MACKNUSEN, CARIi A.
Nokomis Township

Born August 5, 1886. Enl. May 10, 1918.
Seaman 2d-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; to
receiving ship at Broklyn Navy Yard; to Ellis
Island; to Philadelphia; put aboard oil tank to
Ireland, Xaval Bay, six or seven weeks; to U.
S. S. destroyer Duncan, on this ship until
January 14, 1919; to Norfolk, on receiving ship
one week; to Key West; on U. S. S. Dolphin on
South Atlantic Coast Patrol until July 2S.
1919; to G. L. N. T. S. Mustered out August 5,
1919.

MANTEUFEI., HENRY FRED
Hayes Township

Born September 17, 1894. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. E, 117th Regt. 30th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge; Camp Sevier. Sailed
overseas. From July 17 to September 5 was in
defensive warfare in the Ypres sector in Bel-
gium; battle engagements and skirmishes ex-
perienced along the Hindenburg line near Belli-
court and Nauroy September 29 to 30; to Pon-
cheaux and Geneva; to Premont; October 8
wounded; to hospital at Trouville for two
months^ Sailed for U. S. March 27 with divi-
sion. Mustered out April 10, 1919.

IVIARCKER, GEORGE OTTO
Elk Township
Born October 26, 1895. Enl. June 21, 1916.
Sgt. Co. M, 168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained at
Cherokee, Iowa, in Co. M, T. N. G.; spent winter
of 1916-1917 in service on Mexican border at
Brownsville, Texas; to Cherokee; to State Fair
Grounds in spring of 1917. when company was
sworn into Federal service. Sailed from Ho-
boken October 18; landed Liverpool Novem-
ber S; to Winchester; to Le Havre. December
1. To Ouimacourt; to Baccarat; entered
trenches In Luneville sector March 9; wounded
March 9; to Baccarat Hosp.; to Base Hosp.
No. 32; to Base Hosp. No. 9; to special train-
ing battalion at St. Aignan: to Evac Hosp.
No. 1; to Nancy; to St. Nazaire. Sailed on U.
S. S. Princess Matoka; landed Newport News
April 27. 1919. To Camp Hill; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out May 5, 1919.

MARK, ANDREW C. J.
Elk Township

Born February 12. 1890. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 350th Regt. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon four weeks; to Camp Upton.
.Sailed from New York August 11; landed Lon-
don August 25. To Southampton; to Cher-
bourg. To Semur; on Alsace-Lorraine front
ten days; to Toul sector, in this area when
armistice was signed; to Nein; to St. Nazaire.
.Sailed for U. S. May 19 on Avlas; landed
Newport News May 30. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 6, 1919.

MARK, FAVI. F

Washington Township
Born October 9, 1897. Enl. May 5, 1917.
Engineer, Co. D, 2d Regt. Trained at G. L.
X. T. S.; to New York; served on U. S. S.
.South Dakota two years; then transferred to
Frederick. Enlisted for four years — still in
service.

MARK, WII.I.IAM T.

Washington Township

Burn February 7, 1901. Enl. January 29,
1918. App. Seaman, Co. C, 13th Regt. Trained
at Camp Paul Jones at G. L. N. T. S. En-
listed for four years — still in service.

MAROUSEK, EDMUND I..

Storm Iiake
Born October 11, 1889. Enl. July 23, 1918.
Acting N. C. O. Co. 14, unorganized. Trained
two months at the School of Auto Mechanics
at Austin; Balloon School, San Antonio, four
months. Mustered out January 23, 1919.

LLARQUARDT WILIIAM F.
Storm Iiake

Born November 13. 1886. Enl. May 13, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 102d Regt., 26th Div. Trained at
Jefferson Barracks; to Camp McArthur; to
Camp Merritt. Trained in U. S. with Co. A,
102d Regt. 26th Div., to which he was joined
after sailing with 55th Regt. of 7th Div. Sailed
.■Vugrust l.S; landed Brest. To camp one week;
September 4 to front lines; hiked every night
for a week to reach St. Mihiel, September
10; into action at 8:00 a. m.; October 29 gassed
and severely wounded; to Evac. Hosp. No. 24
until January 28; to St. Aignan to casual com-
pany; to Brest. Sailed March 12 on U. S. S.
Huntington: landed New York March 23. To
Camp Dodge. Mustered out April 2, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUXTY

151

IVEABQUETTE, VERNEB J.
Storm Iiake

Born February 10, ISSIG. Knl. May 13. 1918.
Pvt. Co. L, 56th Regt. 7th Div. Trained at
Camp McArthur; Cami) Merritt. Sailed on
Leviathan August 3; landed Brest. To Bradg-
long; to Ft. Villa-de-Sac; to Lorraine front
Octoljer 10; to Argoniie Octolicr 23; on the
line when armistice was signed; to Manonville
December 9; to Ft. de Pagny April G; to Le
Mans May 23; to Brest. Sailed for U. S.
June 16; landed [Newport News June 21. To
Camp Stewart; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
July 5, 1919.

MASON, JOSEFK L.
'Washing'ton Township

Born March 4, 18115. Knl. June 26, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. F, 350th Inf. 8Sth Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Upton. Sailed on
Delta August 11; landed London August 25.
To Cherbourg September 1; to Semur; to
(_'liogey, October 4; to center sector Hautc-
Alsace; to Toul sector November 7, on offen-
sive when armistice was signed; to Gondre-
court area until May 7. Sailed from St. Nazaire
on U. S. S. Aeolus May IS), 1919; landed New-
port News May 30. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out June 12, 1919.

MABSH, I.ESTER WII.I.IAM
Sioux Rapids

Born May 17, 1896. Knl. April 30, 1917. Fire-
man 2d-cl. on U. S. S. Virginia. Trained at
G. L. N. T. S. ; served on hospital ship Solace;
to U. S. S. Virginia. Also saw service in U.
S. Army and is still in service in France. Re-
leased from na\-al service February 5, 1918.

MARTEN' EI.MER VT.

Stonn Iiake
Born February 10, 1886. Enl. July 24, 1918.
2d Lieut. 140th Engrs. Trained at Camp
Shelby; Camp Gordon; Camp Humphreys. Pro-
moted from pvt. to 2d Lieut. Mustered out
December 20, 1918.

MASON, SIDNEY E.
Truesdale
Born November 22, 1892. Enl. February 25.
1918. Pvt. Co. E, 351st Inf. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Sailed from New York April
25. on English transport Corovia; landed Liver-
pool May 7. To Southampton; to Le Havre
May 15; landed Le Havre May 17. Trained
at different camps in France before going into
active service; entered trenches July 18, in
trenches for 28 days at Argonne Forest; was
wounded and sent to hospital. Returned to
C. S. on the U. S. S. Huron; landed Newport
News January 18, 1919. Mustered out Feb-
ruary 8, 1919.

MARTEN, ROI.AND H.

Storm Iiake
Born November 4, 1896. Enl. July 18, 1918.
Musician Ist-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.,
with Third Regimental Band. Mustered out
March 25, 1919.

MARTZ, RAYMOND A.
Storm Iiake

Born February 8, 1899. Enl. April 16, 1917.
Pvt. Co. M, 168th Regt. 42d Div. Trained;
Company originated at Cherokee, Iowa; later
trained at State Fair Grounds; Camp Mills.
Sailed from New York on U. S. S. President
Grant October IS; returned to port October
28; sailed again on the Celtic IVovember 14;
landed Liverpool. To Southampton; to Le
Havre; to Rimacourt; to Langres; to Baccarat;
in action February 22 on Lorraine front of
Luneville sector; to Champagne July 3 to 18; to
Chateau-Thierry July 22 to August 2; to Chau-
mont; to Vaville; to St. Mlhiel September 12;
wounded at 6;30 a. m. September 12 by machine
gun bullet in knee; to Base Hosp. No. 23 at
Vitol 8 days; to Base Hosp. No. 24 at Limoges
to January 10; to Brest. Sailed on Leviathan;
landed New York, April 2. To Camp Upton;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out April 22, 1919.

MATSON, HENBIK I..

Nokom.is Township

Born February 7, 1907. Enl. September 15,

1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista

<-'onege. Storm Lake. Iowa. Mustered out

December 13, 1918.

MATTEI.IN, CI.ARENCE R.
Poland Township
Born December 10, 1894. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. L, 131st Inf. 33d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge from February 24 to April
1; to Camp Logan until May 10. Sailed from
New York May 22 on Leviathan; landed Brest
May 30. Moved to British sector June 5 to
August 24, participating in Chippily Ridge
August 8; to Verdun sector August 28; in
batle of Verdun September 26; w'ounded by
machine-gun bullet in right i\nee on morning
of September 26; to Base Hosp. No. 25 until
November 7; to Base Hosp. No. 69 until Feb-
ruar.v 5; to St. Nazaire. Sailed February 5
on Kroonland; landed Newport News Feb-
ruary 18. Was at Old Soldiers' Home at
Hampton, Virginia until March 7; started to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out May 10, 1919.

152

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

MATZDORFF, 'WAI.TEB
EUe Township

Born November 4, 1895. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 214th Engrs. 14th Div. Trained
at Camp Forrest; Camp Custer. Mustered
out February 7, 1919.

MESSKER, JESSE

Rembrandt

Born January 9, ISHC. Knl. Augu.st 29. 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 20th Inf. 10th Div. Trained at
Camp Funston to December 17; to Nitro, West
Virginia, for guard duty until May 18, 1919.
Mustered out May 14, 1919.

IHATZDORFF, WII.I.IAM J.
Brooke Township

Born April 4, 1895. Bnl. July 29, 1918. Pvt.
Supp. Co. 325th Inf. 82d Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge four weeks; to Camp Gordon one week;
to Camp Upton. Sailed on S. S. Kyber April
24; landed Liverpool May 6. Crossed Channel
to Le Havre May 17. To Toul; to Mananville;
to Willeman; to Mortincourt; to Nancy; at
Argonne Forest 28 days, when armistice was
signed: stationed at Damery four months; to
Bordeaux. Sailed on U. S. S. Alaskan; landed
Hoboken. To Camp Upton; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 8, 1919.

MEINKING, EDVTARD C.

Brooke Township
Born April 3, 1895. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Engrs. and Military Police. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Mills; to Quebec.
Embarked August 17 on Des Mothenre; landed
Liverpool September 2. To Le Havre. To
Semur three weeks; to Argonne-Meuse sector
in October, until armistice was signed: to Bar-
sur-Rule November 27 until March 24, 1919;
to Coblenz; remained at Coblenz until June 2;
to Brest June 29. Sailed on U. S. S. Lewis-
ville June 29; landed New York July 7, 1919.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge July 14, 1919.

MAYER, ERNEST WII.I.IAM

Sioux Rapids

Born April 22, 18S3. ICnl. August 10, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 70th Engrs. 35th Div. Trained at
Ft. Douglas; Camp Humphreys; to Camp Up-
ton. At embarkation camp when armistice was
signed. Mustered out January 8, 1919. After
being mustered out January 8, 1919, he crossed
Atlantic on a cargo of wheat as a sailor ex-
pecting to go to Belgium, but the vessel's
course was changed and he was landed at
Rotterdam. The wheat was loaded on German
scowboats and taken up the Rhine into Ger-
many.

MAY, FRANK G.
Storm Iiake

Born May 31, 1S9!). Knl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista Col-
lege, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out Decem-
ber 11, 1918.

MAYS, OSCAR
Sioux Rapids

Born February 11, 190(1. Enl. April 20, 1917.
Fireman, U. S. Navy. Trained at G. L. N. T.
S.: at Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N. H.: at
Norfolk, Va. ; boarded transport President
Grant at New York July 29, on ship 13 months
and 22 days, completing six trips to Brest and
return; confined to hospital from September 18,
1918. to Mnrch 14, 1919; on Bay Ridge re-
ceiving ship after March 14 until discharged.
Mustered out September 22, 1919.

MERNIN, ECVTARD J.
Providence Township

Born March 21, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt.; later promoted
to post-office clerk. Trained at Camp Gordon.
Mustered out January 9, 1919.

MERRY, BI.ANCHE ADEII, (Nurse)
Sioux Rapids

Born August 22, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Nurse in Red Cross Nurse Corps. Finished
training course at Chicago Civilian Hospital;
stationed at Ft. Riley in operating room.
Mustered out October 1, 1919.

MERRY, ROSCOE CECII.

Sioux Rapids
Born December 24, 1898. Enl. June 1, 1917.
Sgt. Co. E, 107th Ammunition Train, 32d Div.
Trained at Camp Merritt. Sailed from New
York February 1 on H. M. S. Orduna; joined
convoy at Halifax; Co. E was to sail on Tus-
cania, but orders were changed, and when off
coast of Ireland learned that the Tuscania had
been sunk; landed Liverpool February 17. To
Le Havre February 22. To Guear February 25;
to Camp Quicqidon; to Belfort June 12; to
Vouthiermont; to Retzwiller. Alsace, July 24;
to Chateau-Thierry July 31; went into action at
Chateau-Thierry July 31 with 32d Div.; to
Vic-sur-Aisne near Soissons August 20; crossed
Aisne river August 28. here 32d Division fought

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

153

baftle in connection with loth French Army,
being the only American troops on this particu-
lar front; in battle of Guvigney Plateau; to Ar-
gonne Forest and the Meuse. Mustered out
June 1, 1919.

Le Havre Sept. 30. Stationed at Colemby Le-
belle with American 1st Air Depot: boinbed by
German aviators on December 5, being our
f.rst taste of war; many raids but no casual-
ties. Mustered out May 29, 1919.

MESECK, ARTHUR K.

Grant Township
Born February 14, 1897. Enl. September 6,
1918. Pvt. 58th Co. 163d D. B. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Mustered out January 27, 1919.

laEYER, 1.1:0
Tmesdale

Born April 9. 1893. Enl. June 2fi, 1918. Pvt.
Co. E, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge one month: at Camp Upton; trans, to
port of embarkation. Sailed from New York
on Delta August 11: landed New London, Eng.
To Camp Rimmsey; sailed across Channel
August 29 to Cherbourg. Trained at Semur
one month; to Belfort; to Boschello near front,
23 days on patrol dut>'; to Toul sector; to
Sanzy; to Commercy; to MuUemont for maneu-
ver work; to Prov. Hosp. No. 1 on acount of
influenza and typhoid fever three months, had
operation for mastoid affection; to Base Hosp.
No. 79; to Evac Hosp. No. 31: to Deson June
5. Sailed as casual on U. S. S. Leviathan
June 5; landed Hoboken June 12. To Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 19, 1919.

MEYER, ORA 'WH.I.IAM
Storm Iiake

Born August 3, 189.5. Enl. September 20.
1917. Pvt. Co. B, 103d Regt. 26th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge to October, 1917; to Camp
Cody, trans, to 133d Inf. 34th Div; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed to Liverpool, June 22. To Le
Havre. Transferred to 26th Div. at Chateau-
Thierry; to St. Mihiel for first participation in
line September 12; to Royalla, which town was
taken September 26; to Verdun October 15 to
November 11; slightly wounded, to Hosp. at
Mesver for two weeks; to St. Aignan in Casual
Co. 483. Sailed from St. Nazaire February 1;
landed Hoboken February 14. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out February 25. 1919.

MEYERS, TVARREN E.
Truesdale

Born July 24, 1891. Enl. December 15, 1917.
Corp. 21st Prov. Ord. Depot Co., Advance
Amniun. Depot No. 4, Ordnance Dept. Trained
at Camp Gordon: Camp Hancock. Landed
overseas June S, 1918. witii the 21st Prov. Oi-d.
Depot Co., and was assigned to duty at once
at Advance Ammunition Depot No. 4, from
which place, during most of his time he did
railway ammunition transportation; to the
front lines during the battle of the Marne. the
St. Mihiel offensive, and the Argonne-Meuse
offensive; was in the bat.tle of Chateau-Thierry
and helped to turn back the Germans on July
21. Mustered out at Camp Taylor July 24,
1919.

MICKEI.SON, ANDREW R.
Iiinn Grove

Born December 12. 1893. Enl. September 20,
1918. Pvt. Co. 2, S. A. T. C. Trained at Uni-
versity of Minnesota; studied civil engineer-
ing. Mustered out December 12, 1918

MICKEI.SON, CARI. EDWIN
Rembrandt

Born March, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
10th Bn. 4th Replm. Regt. Inf. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mustered out December 21,
1918.

MIKEI.SON, ROY AARON

Alta

Born March 19, 1901. Enl. April 24, 1917,
Musician 2d cl. on U. S. S. Minnesota. Trained
at G. L. N. T. S.; sailed from Philadelphia on
U. S. S. Minnesota March 18, 1918; landed
Brest March 29, 1918. To New York; to Phila-
delphia; to Brest; to Rhode Island. Va.; to
Brest; to Hampton Roads, Va.; to Philadelphia
Navy Yard: to G. L. N. T. S. Promoted from
app. seaman to seaman 2d-cl. to musician 2d-
cl. Mustered out August 11, 1919.

MEYERS, HARRY J.

Truesdale
Born December 9, 1888. Enl. July 28, 1917.
Cook Ist-cl. Aero Squadron, Aviation Corps.
Trained at Kelly Field. Sailed from Hobo-
ken September 11 by way of Halifax; landed

Liverpool September

To Southampton; to

MIKKEI.SON, THORWAI.D

Newell

Born May 18, 1891, Enl. July 24, 1918.

Pvt. Co. F. 313th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at

Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York August

28; landed Brest September 12. To St. George;

James A. Miles
Storm Lake

Edward Miller
Maple Valley Towiishi;

Elmer K. Miller
Storm Lake

Harold F. Miller
Grant Townshij)

IluRll Donald Miller
Alta

Paul Miller
Storm Lake

Philip Miller
Storm Lake

Thomas P. Miller
Storm Lak-e

Bostey S, Mills
Storm Lake

John H. Mills and wife

Storm Lake

Mr. Mills won his bride

while in English Camp.

Cliarles O. Milton
Storm Lake

Otto J. Minden
Newell

Frank Theodore Mohror Torwald C. Molgaard

Brooke Township Alta

Earl Wesley Moore
Storm Lake

Howard K. Morgan
Storm Lake

lje\ I M. Munis
Brooke Township

Harry J. Myers
Washington Township

Leslie (>. Myiis
Washington Township

Wa\Ttf Aaron iVI,\'rr>
Storin Lake

Frank McBride
Coon Township

George K. McCollough
Storm Lake

Archie W. McDanel
Barnes Township

Lee Howard McFarline
Newell

^:)"^

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA VISTA COUNTY

to Verdun front Xoveniber 1 for ten days;
on the advance 6 days in open warfare; after
armistice stayed in Verdun or near Verdun
until February 12; was fallen to hospital with
influenza and pneumonia, Rimacourt: to Bor-
deaux; to Brest. Sailed May 5 on S. S. Von
Steuben: landed New York May 13. 191(1.
Mustered out May 24, 1919.

X. T. S. ; seaman 2d-cl. with 7th Regt. July 2 to
September 30. 191S: at Dayton. Ohio. Septem-
ber 30 to January 1. 1919; at Detroit. Micliigan.
from January 1 to January 25. At Great Lakes
Station acted as Instructor in Physics at
Radio School: at Dayton, Ohio, acted at Asst.
Inspector of Ordnance. Mustered out at De-
troit. Michigan. January 5, 1919.

ItlELES, JAIVIES A.

Storm Jiake
Born June 6, 1895. Enl. February 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. H, 129th Inf., 33d Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge six weeks; to Camp Logan three
weeks. Sailed from New York May 10
on U. S. S. President Lincoln; landed
Brest May 23. To Ault; to Oisemont
in Eu training sector; June 21 to front
lines: to Villers; to Vreateuniax in Amiens
sector with Australians to right of Albert
six days in lines; to Round Woods; to Kaily-
Moil Woods; to Toul sector; to Verdun sector
on September 5, in line 19 days; September 26
to Meuse-Argonne; October 8 in attack with
French east of Meuse; to St. Mihiel front on
October 23 until November 11; to Fresnes; to
Ettlebruck. Luxembiirg; to Trier. Germany:
at Trier four weeks; to Luxemburg: to Brest.
Sailed May 15 on U. S. S. Leviathan; landed
Hoboken May 22. To Camp Merritt; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 2, 1919.

MII.I.I:R, EDWARD

Maple Valley Township
Born February 13, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Sgt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon three months; to Camp Wheeler
for two months; to Camp Dodge. Promoted
from pvt. to sgt. Mustered out December 21,
1918.

MrLiiER, ei.mi:b X.
storm Iiake

Born January 27. 1890. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from
New York September 1; landed Brest. To Bor-
deaux; to Le Havre; to St. Nazaire. Went
into action October 1 in Verdun sector;
wounded November 5; in Base Hosp. No. 101 at
St. Nazaire. Sailed January 17 on the interned
German ship Susquehanna: landed Newport
News February 2. Mustered out February 21,
1919.

TaiLJiSit, haboi;d f.

Grant Township

Born January 12, 1892, Enl. June 27, 1918.
Instructor in physics at radio school; acted as
Asst. Inspector of Ordnance. Trained at G. L.

MII.I.ER, HUGH DONAI.D

Alta
Born July 23, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Mach. Gunners.
Trained at Camp Gordon. Mustered out Jan-
uary 9, 1919, at Camp Dodge.

MII.I.ER, FAUI. F.

Storm Iiake

Born September 19. 1889. Enl. July 11. 1917.
Corp. Ambulance Co. No. 7, Med. Dept.. 3d
Sanitary Train, 3d (Regular) Div. Trained at
Ft. Clark. Sailed from Hoboken on March 22
on U. S. tramp steamship Powhatan; the ship
was attacked by a fleet of German submarines
in the Bay of Biscay. 25 miles from I!"rench
coast, escaped harm but two of the submarines
were sunk by the destroyers which convoyed
us; landed Bordeaux April 7. At Chateau-Vil-
lain until May 30; left for the front to check
the onslaught at the Marne river; in battle of
Aisne-Marne June 1 to 5; was in Second Battle
of the Marne July 15 to 18; twenty men volun-
teered for work in front lines in the Belleau
Woods with the Marines of the Second Di\'..
two were killed, 15 wounded and the rest of
them badly gassed; was in the Third Battle
of the Marne froni July 18 to August 6, in
which the Germans were driven from the
Marne river up to and across the Vesle river,
all during this time he was driving an am-
bulance over roads that were constantly undei"
shell fire; was in St. Mihiel drive from Sep-
tember 12 to 16; in Meuse-Argonne drive from
September 30 to October 31, and was in action
until the armistice was signed: severely gassed
in Meuse-Argonne battle by a gas-shell which
gassed 20 men in the kitchen company: after
the armistice the division was sent to Ger-
many as part of the Army of Occupation:
was in Welling and Browhl; to Brest. Sailed
on Otsego August 15; landed New Y'ork August
28. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out September 6, 1919.

niii.i.i:R, phuip
storm Iiake

Born September 11, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 316th Regt., 29th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Merritt. Sailed
August 29; landed Brest. To St. George for two

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

157

weeks; to Sevilly for two weeks; went into
action October 21); wounded in Argonne "Woods
November 6; to Base Hosp. No. 14 at Nevers;
to Hippee; to Chambercourt; to Touges; to
St. Nazaire. Sailed for U. S. May 18; landed
Philadelphia May 29. To Camp Di.\; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

I«II.I.I:R, THOMAS F.
Storm Iiake

Born September 26. 1S9S. Enl. October 4.
1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Dubuque
College, Dubuque, Iowa; to Inf. at Camp Pike.
Mustered out December 21, 1918.

KII.I.S, BOSTEV S.
Storm Iiake

Born October 29, 1899. Knl. March 22. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. D, 5th Ammunition Train, Art.
Trained at Camp Logan one month; to Camp
Upton. Sailed from Hoboken M-ay 27; landed
Liverpool June 7. To Le Havre. To La
Valtohn; to Verele three weeks; to St. Die sec-
tor until August 25; to St. Mihiel 3 months;
to Luxemburg with Army of Occupation until
July 7, 1919; to Brest. Sailed for U. S. July
13 on Agamemnon; landed Hoboken July 21.
To Camp Merritt: to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out July 29, 1919.

MII.I.S, jOHir s.

storm Iiake
Born May 20. 1889. Enl. September 20, 1917.
Pvt. Co. I, 347th Inf. 87th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge September 20 to November 19
with Hdqrs. 88th Div.; to Camp Pike assigned
to Co. I, 347th Inf; to Camp Merritt. Sailed
overseas; landed London July 2. To Camp
Hosp. No. 40 at Liverpool; to rest camp with
Liverpool Casual Co. 1007 from December 13 to
28; with third convoy center company from
December 28 to January 19. Sent to Camp
Dodge for discharge. Mustered out January 27.
1919.

MHiTON, CKAIM.es O.
Storm Iiake

Born August 15, 1894. Enl. August 15, 1917.
Pvt. 212th Co. M. P. Trained: was with H.
Troop 1st South Dakota, then trans, to Co.
M, 136th Inf. until November 28, 1917; to Co.
B, 127th M. a Bn. December 24; to 212th Co.
M. P. Sailed from New York October 13,

1918. Arrived in U. S. on return June 26,

1919. Mustered out at Camp Dix June 28,
1919. Re-enlisted the same day for term of
one year in Aviation Service, ordered to Ft.
Omaha.

MINSEN, OTTO 3.
Newell

Born August 30, 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. 79th Div. in Infantry Organization.
\\'ounded in Argonne — lost leg; still in hos-
pital.

MIX, IRI. T>.

Alta
Born September 23, 1894. Enl. June 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 313th Engrs., 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge for six weeks; to Camp Mills.
Sailed August 16; sailed on Plassy; landed
Le Havre. To Haute-Alsace sector, after
armistice was signed; to Pigny Siriusnelle; to
St. Mihiel; to De Mange; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed May 26 on Madowasha; landed June
5 at New York. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out June 16, 1919.

MOHROR, FRANK THEODORE

Brooke Tovrnship
Born February 8, 1894. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 212th Engrs. 12th Div. Trained
at Camp Forrest; to Camp Devens. Mustered
out February 8, 1919.

MOI.GAARD, TORWAIiD C.

Alta

Born February 5. 1S93. Enl. May 2S, 191.S.
Pvt. Batt. 3, 338th F. A. Trained at Camp
Dodge five months; to Camp Cody one and
one-half months. Mustered out December 10,
1918.

MOORE, EARIi WESIiEY
Storm Iiake

Born November :!, ISI19. Enl. July 2, 1917.
Pvt. Prisoner of War Escort Company No.
258, previously a pvt. in Co. M, 2nd Iowa N. G.
34th Div. Trained at Camp Hyatt, after train-
ing at Cherokee, Iowa; to Camp Cody from
August 15 to January 12. 1918; in liospital with
pneumonia January 12 to March 1; home on
30-day furlough; to Camp Merritt; embarked
on English ship Mentor June 27; landed Liver-
pool July 11. To hospital with influenza and
typhoid fever two months; to Paighton Devon
one month; to Cherbourg. Sent back to Eng-
land. October 30, started for France; at Le
Mans November 11; to Rambercourt guarding
German prisoners until latter part of Septem-
ber. 1919; to hospital with throat trouble.
Landed New York October 30, 1919. To Camp
Merritt; to Ft. Sheridan for treatment. (Still
in service as this record was compiled.)

James P. McGarry
Scott Township

George William McGinn Ai clubalil l'\ M< (iret- vy Lawrencf* Edward Ak-K-nria
Storm Lake Sioux Rapids Storm Lake

Neil McKenna
Storm Lake

Clarence McPherson
Storm Lake

Royden C McRae
Providence Township

Charles W. Nat tress
Storm Lake

William F. Neavin
Storm Lake

Robert G. Neitzel
Coon Township

Oscar W. Nelsen
Washington Township

Albert Nelson
Elk Township

.\ii---i I I '. Xelson
Storm Lake

Aii..TL i\ Neisnii

I'^Ik Township

Fred A. Nelson
Rembrandt

Fritz A. T. Nelson
Maple Valley Township

Morris Nelson
Alta

Nels O. Nelson
Marathon

Seth Alexander Nelson
Rembrandt

Carl Ness
Brooke Township

Henry M. Ness
Brooke Township

Burt Newton
Newell

Claude C. Nichols
Storm Lake

Vnar I^. Nichols
Storm Lake

i6o

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA MSTA COUNTY

MORQAIT, CHABI,ES E.
Poland Township

Born October 8. 18H5. Enl. July 26, 1918.
Pvt. in 163d D. B. Trained at Camp Dodge.
Mustered out March 7, 1919.

MUEIiIiEB, AUGUST W.
Marathon

Born August 3ii. 1SS\. Enl. April 27. 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 338th Signal Corps. 88th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge. Mustered out Decem-
ber 26, 1918.

MOBGAM', HOWARD E.
Storm Iiake

Born June 6. 1895. Enl. December 9, 1917.
Corp. 39th Balloon Co. attached to 14th F. A.
Trained at Ft. Logan; to Camp MacArthur; to
Ft. Sill. Mustered out May 26. 1919.

IKORBIS, IiEVI M.
Brooke Township

Born April 24, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Hdqrs. Detachment Inf. 1st Replm. Dept.
Trained at Camp Gordon; Camp Merritt. Sailed
from New York August 29; landed Brest Sep-
tember 12. To St. George to Co. K, 163d Regt.
41st Div.; to Hdqrs. Co. Inf. Candidate school
at La Vallibonne Ain; to Hdqrs. Detachment;
to 1st. Replm. Depot at St. Aignan; to Mar-
seilles June 25. Sailed June 29 on S. S. Roura,
stopped at Oran, Algiers, for repairs and sup-
plies from Jul.v 1 to July 5; landed New York
July 17. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 26, 1919.

MOTT, FBANK I.ESI.IE

Truesdale

Born December 11, 1887. Enl. July 24, 1918.

Corp Co. C, 4th Replm. Inf.
Gordon.

Trained at Camp

MUDGE, EABI. C.
Hayes Township

Born May 8. 1892. Enl. August 29, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. 17, 164th Regt. 10th Div.
Trained at Camp Funston. Mustered out Jan-
uary 29, 1919.

MUDGE, GUY G.

Hayes Township

Born June 25, 1894. Enl. June 25, 1918. Pvt.
Co. M, 163d Regt. 41st Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon: to Camp Merritt. Sailed August 30
on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest September
12. To St. George; to Montechard; to St.
Aignan; to Bordeaux. Landed New York July
7. To Camp Merritt; to Gamp Dodge.
Mustered out July 15. 1919.

MYEBS, HABBY J.
Washington Township

Born December 9, 1888. Enl. July 28, 1918.
Sgt. 5th Co. 89th Aero Squadron. Air Serv-
ice. Trained at Ft. Logan two weeks; at Kelly
Field; to Mitchell Field. Sailed October 11 on
Arordunn; landed Liverpool. To Southamp-
ton; to Le Havre. To Columbey-le-Belle;
with 1st Air Depot from October 27 to Febru-
ary 5; to Chattollin-sur-Seine with 2d Corps
Aeronautical School to January 12, 1919. To
St. Nazaire for embarkation. Sailed March 14,
on Manchuria; landed New York March 27.
To Camp Mills; taken sick with pneumonia
January 2 and sent to Base Hosp. No. 18 tor
three weeks, operated on January 28: at Base
Hosp. No. 66 two months; was evacuated to
Base Hosp. No. 17, there until June 26, 1919;
taken to Base Hosp. No. 15 July 5; released
from Base No. 15, August 7. after operation
for appendicitis. Mustered out May 29, 1919,

MYEBS, I.ESI.IE O.
Washlnjrton Township
Born September 23, 1896. Enl. January 31,
1918. Pvt. 6th Co. 3d Regt. Air Service.
Trained at Jefferson Barracks; to Camp Han-
cock for two montlis; to Camj) (xreene three
months. Sailed from New York June 23 on
Patria; landed Brest July 5. To an air serv-
ice camp at Romesantin for ten months, on
convoy work; to Brest; to St. Nazaire; to
Bordeaux; to Brest. Sailed for U. S. June
19 on U. S. S. Charleston: landed June 29 at
New York. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out
July 12, 1919.

ItlYEBS, WAYNE AABOIT
Storm Iiake

Born October 14, 1893. Enl. December 5,

1917. Seaman 2d cl. 1st Co. 1st Regt. 1st Div.
Trained at Municipal Pier from January 27,

1918, to December 18, 1918. Mustered out
December 18, 1918.

McABTHUB lOABSHAI.!. E.
Storm I>ake

Born May 16, 1899. Enl. October 12. 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 2d Bn. Aviation Section, S. A. T. C.
Trained at University of Chicago. Mustered
out December 12, 1918.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

i6i

McBBIDE, FRANK
Coon Townslilp
Born October 16, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. G, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon until August 26, 1918. Sailed
from Hoboken on U. S. S. Plattsburg, Septein-
ber 1; landed Brest September 13, 1918. To
St. Georges until September 30: to Verdun
sector, stationed at Issencourt until October
25; to Meuse sector of Verdun front October
28; in offensive from October 28 to November
11; wounded by high-explosive shell in riglit
jaw and right leg November 3, 1918: to hosp.
at Verdun and then to Portiers from Novem-
ber 6 until January 18, 1919: returned to co.
at Issencourt: to Heipps and hiked to Tram-
pot: to Vallet April 1; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
May 16 on U. S. S. Texan; landed Philadelphia
May 29. To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 8, 1919.

McCONXEY HOMER B.

Scott Township
Born February 4, 1895. Enl. June 4, 1917.
Pvt. with Med. Dept. 109th Engrs. 34th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge one year; to Camp
Dix. Sailed from New York September 17, on
Cretic; landed Liverpool October 1. To Win-
chester; crossed Channel to Cherbourg. To
Mesves; to Bulcy four months; to St. Amiens
three and one-half months; to Le Mans one
month; to Precigne two weel^s; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed on June 17 on Pastoria; landed New
York June 26. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 2, 1919.

MCCUI.I.OUGK, GEORGE K.
Storm Ziake

Born June 26, 1SS2. Enl. May 14. 1917.
Major Maintenance and Reconstruction of
Trenches, and Supervision of Railroad Build-
ing and Highway Imp^o^■ement. Comissioned
1st Lieut, after training at Ft. Snelling; to
Ft. Leavenworth until August 27; to Camp
Dodge where he was with Co. B, 313th Engrs.
88th Div. Promoted to Captain August 15.
1917. Temporary Division Ordnance (TitTicer at
Camp Dodge until September 22, 1917; pro-
moted to rank of Major February 25, 1919.
wliile in France. August 5. 191X. to Camp
Mills. Sailed from New York on British ship
Plassy; landed Liverpool August 28. To Knot-
ty Ash; to Southampton; crossed Channel on
U. S. S. Yale; landed Le Havre September 2.
To Les Laumes; to Cote d'Or; to Hericourt
with 1st Bn. of which Co. B was a part;
ordered to Chavanne. arrived September 19;
to ElViach, Alsace, October 7, to be in charge
of maintenance and reconstruction of

trenches of 350th Inf.; at Pagne-de-Barrlne
when armistice was signed; after armistice co.
rebuilt railroad from Paris to Metz, later en-
gaged on highway work. Sailed from St. Na-
zaire May 25 on U. S. S. Madawska; landed
New York June 6. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out after 26 months of service, July 2, 1919.

UcDANEIt, ARCHIE W.

Barnes Township
Born March 9, 1892. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. B, 214th Engrs. 14th Div.
Trained at Camp Forrest; Camp Custer. Mus-
tered out February 7, 1919.

McFARI.IM'E, I.EE HOWARD

Newell

Born April 15, 1894. Enl. June 10, 1918.

Landsman machinist's mate, Ist-cl. Co, H,

15th Rest. Trained at G. L. N. T, S., at

main station. Mustered out January 17, 1919.

McGARRY, JAMES P.
Scott To'wnship

Born April 22, 1897. Enl. September 5, 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 88th Inf. 19th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 26, 1919.

McGinn, george wii.i.iam

storm Iiake

Born August 24, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained
at Camp Gordon. Mustered out January 28,
1919.

McGREVY, ARCHIBALD F.
Sioux Rapids

Born September 17. INSn. Knl. July S. 1917.
2d Lieut. Vet. Corps at Camp Greeleaf; Depot
Quarter Master, Chicago. Called into service
from Marathon; reported for duty at Camp
Greenleaf — this was a large training camp
for Veterinary, Dental and Medical Officers;
the course was 90 days, but the need for offl-
cera in Vet. Corps was so urgent that all
men with any previous experience were picked
and put through in 60 days. Having been a
member of the N. G. and also experienced as
a veterinarian with 1st Illinois Art. in 1916.
he was ordered to the Depot Quarter at Chi-
cago, on duty there as inspector and drill
instructor for 60 days; to Camp Lewis as Asst.
Camp Vet. Meat and Dairy Insp. Mustered
out July 21, 1919.

1 62

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA MSTA COUNTY

McKEE, HABOIiD E.

Storm Iiake
Born March 2, 1900. Enl. July 22, 1918.
Fireman Ist-cl. on U. S. S. Supply. Trained
at G. L.. N. T. S., Ft. Monroe, ami on U. K.
S. Supply.

McKEE, JOHN C.
Storm Iiake

Born September :;9, 1S91. Enl. May 9, 191S.
Corp. Co. F, Ordnance Supply School. Trained
at Jefferson Barracks; to Camp Hancock; to
Camp Merritt. Sailed with 7th H. M. O. R. S.
October 4; landed Brest October 15. Trained at
An^oulome and Souhesmes with the 1st Army.
Sailed from St. Nazaire January 10 on Man-
churia; landed Hoboken. To Camp Merritt; to
Camp Dlx; to Camp Grant. Mustered out
February H, 1919.

ham; Dorset — all in England. Sailed from
New York August 14; landed Liyerpool August
28. Two months in training camps in Eng-
land; crossed Channel October 31 to Le Havre.
To reserve lines November 4; trained at Lan-
gres and Haute-Marne. Promoted to pvt. Ist-
cl. Training consisted in machine gunnery, six
pounders, tank driving, and regular infantry
drill. Sailed for Hoboken from Marseilles by
way of Gibraltar March 22. 1919. Mustered
out April 7, 1919.

MacRUNNEIiS, RAI.FH A.

Storm liake

Enl. May 20, 1918. Sailed overseas June

30 with A. E. F. with Engrs. in France; in

Russia with Engrs. from April 17, 1919. to

July 28, 1919. Landed U. S. August 17, 1919.

McKENNA, I.AWBENCE EDWARD
Providence Township
Born September 11, 1897. Enl. August 7,
1918. Pvt. Co. D, 9th Separate Bn. U. S.
Marines. Trained at Paris Island. Sailed from
New York on the Henderson; landed Brest
November 1. To Tours; to St. Nazaire for
guard duty until June. 1919. Sailed on U. S.
S. Roanoke; landed Charleston. Mustered out
June 21, 1919.

McKEE, MARY I..
Storm Iiake

Born May 3, 1893. Enl. July 17, 1918.
Signal Service under civil service at Washing-
ton, D. C. Mustered out December 20, 1918.

McKENNA, NEHi
Storm Iiake

Born March 28, 1893. Enl. December 14.
1917. Machinist Ist-cl. Squadron 6; also
Aerial Gunner. Trained at U. S. N. Training
Station; G. L. N. T. S.; and Naval Air Station.
Mustered out March 29, 1919.

Mcpherson, ciiAbence

Stomx Iiake
Born March 12, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Camp Hdqrs. Camp Gordon. Trained
at Camp Gordon.

McRAE, ROYDEN C.

Providence Tcwnship
Born June 28, 1886. Enl. May 7, 1918.
Machine Gunner, Co. A, 303d Bn. 304th Brigade
Tank Corps. Trained at Camp Worgret; "Ware-

NATTRESS, CHARI.ES W.
Storm Iiake

Born February 26, 1893. Enl. November
11, 1917. Ist-cl. Clerk Q. M. Navy. Trained:
V. S. S. Gopher at Chicago; to Cleveland, Ohio;
to S. S. Manchester on Great Lakes for nine
\\'eeks: to Philadelphia Navy Yard for about
five weeks; August 10 to U. S. S. Louisville;
to Brest to Naval Base No. 7 for two weeks;
to U. S. S. Narragansett: to Base No. 29, Car-
diff, Wales; to U. S. S. Navy Collier; to U.
S. S. Moldergaard September 20 to July, 1919;
to Bay Ridge receiving station; on August 1
to G. L. N. T. S. Mustered out August 20.
1919.

NEAVIN, WHiIiIAM T.
Storm Iiake

Born August 26, 1892. Enl. May 3. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. A, 53d Regt. Trained at
Columbus Barracks. Ohio, May 6 to 15; to
Camp Dix until June 9. Landed Brest June
18, 1918. To Seivres June 21, detailed to the
R. R. Transportation at Seivres and surround-
ing territory until May 6, 1919; injured in
R. R. wreck May 7; in hospital at Pruniers
May 21; to hosp. at Savenay June 1; to Hosp.
Carrion. To Greenhuts Hosp. New York City.
July 1 arrived at Ft. Snelling. Mustered out
July 7, 1919.

NEITZEIi, ROBERT G.

Coon Township
Born April 16, 1890. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. G. 315th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon until August 15. Sailed from
Hoboken on U. S, S. Plattsburg September
1; landed Brest September 13. To St. Georges

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

163

and stationed there until September 30. To
Verdun sector and stationed at Issencourt un-
til October 25; to front in Meuse offensive; on
Verdun front October 29 to November 11;
wounded by" gas November 3; to Base Hosp.
No. 88; to Angers to February 23; joined
company at Issencourt and was stationed there
until March 28; to Trampot; to Vallet until
May 15. Sailed from St. Nazaire May 16 on
U. S. S. Texan; landed Philadelphia May 29.
To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
June 10. 1919.

NEIiSEN, ANDREW
Newell

Born December 7, 1887. Enl. June 15. 1918.
1st Lieut. Coast Artillery. Trained at Officers"
Training School. Ft. Scott and Ft. Monroe. 1st
promotion to 2d Lieut; 2d promotion to 1st
Lieut. Mustered out December 13. 1918.

NEIiSEN, CHRIS K.
Newell

Born May 23. 1893. Knl. July 29. 1918. Pvt.
Co. A. 313th Regt. 212th Div. Trained at Camp
Forrest; Camp Devens. Mustered out January
25, 1919.

NEISEN, OSCAR W.
Washington Township
Born October 9, 1892. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Military Police Corps. Trained
at Camp Gordon with 4th Replm. Regt.; to
Camp Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken August
29 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest Sep-
tember 13. To St. George for six weeks;
to Anton Fruce four weeks; to Paris; trans-
ferred to Military Police Corps, served until
July 7; to Brest. Sailed for U. S. on U. S. S.
Minnesota July 14; landed Norfolk July 28.
To Camp Dodge. Mustered out August 2,
1919.

NEIiSON, AI.BERT
Elk Township

Born May 22, 1887. Enl. September 4, 1918.
Pvt. in Med. Officers' Training Camp to Jan-
uary 8, 1919. Trained at Ft. Riley. To Camp
Dodge. Mustered out January 13, 1919.

NEI.SON, AXBERT C.
Storm liake

Born March 7, 1891. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Corp. Co. I. Div. Bn. Trained at Camp Gordon;
later served as instructor at Camp Wheeler.
Mustered out December 16. 1918.

NEI.SON, AI.BERT T.
Elj£ Township

Born January 22, 1889. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. F, 1st Gas Regt. Trained at
Camp Dodge one month; to Camp Grant one
month; to Ft. Myer two months. Sailed from
Hoiioken June 29. 191S. on President Grant;
landed Brest July 13. Was near Chaumont for
seven weeks; at St. Mihiel front two weeks;
Argonne front until armistice; to Verdun one
week; to Chaumont one month; to camp near
Brest. Sailed January 24. 1918. on Celtic;
landed Hoboken February 2. 1919. To Camp
Mills; to Camp Kendrick; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out February 27, 1919.

NEi;SON, FRED A.

Rembrandt
Born February 8, 1896. Enl. July 25, 1918.
Sgt. in 29th Co. C. O. T. S. Trained at Camp
Gordon in Co. D. 4th Replm. Regt.; transferred
to above company. Mustered out November
29. 1918.

NEIiSON, FRITZ A. T.

Maple Valley Township

Born October 13, 1888. Enl. September 5.

1918. Pvt. Machine Gun Co. 88th Inf. Trained

at Camp Dodge seven months. Mustered out

March 27. 1919.

NEI.SON, MORRIS

Alta
Born October 17, 1886. Enl. February 25.
1918. Pvt. Co. E. 349th Inf. 88th Div.; also
Pvt. in Co. F, 140th Inf. 35th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Mills. Sailed on the
Shropshire from New York April 24; landed
Liverpool. To Le Havre May 10. Service in
Alsace. St. Mihiel, Verdun, and in the Argonne;
in Alsace trenches one month; in Argonne
drive the first five days; in Verdun sector three
weeks; on way to Metz when armistice was
signed; attached to the Scouts the latter part
of the war. Sailed on the Nansemond April 16.
1919; landed Newport News April 28. Mustered
out at Camp Dodge May 7, 1919.

NEI.SON, NEI.S O.
Marathon

Born May 29. 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. D, 162d Regt. 41st Div; trans, to 162d
Mach. Gun Co. Trained at Camp Gordon with
Co. C, 4th Replm. Regt.; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed from New York on October 29; landed
Liverpool November 9. To Winchester Novem-

Gus H. Nielson
Alta

Louis Frederick Nielsen
Sioux Rapids

Mikl^el I'll] IS Xi.-ls.-
Newell Township

Nels Nielsen
Storm Lake

Niels Nielson
Newell Township

Niels K. Nielsen
Elk Township

Theodore Nielsen
Elk Township

Martin Nilsen
Newell

Walter James Oakman Georsre H. Oatman

Alta Maple Valley Township

Archie O'Donoghue
Storm Lake

J. H. O'Donoghue
Storm Lake

Carl i; ■ i III
Fairfield Township

Marins J. OLsen
Providence Township

Dliver Malvin Olsen
Alta

Thaddeus CUrton olsen
Alta

Arthur Li. ulson
Newell

Carl Alfred Olson
Albert City

Christ E. Olson
Lee Township

Harry P. Olson

Newell

J. Clifford Olson
Newell

Magnus Olson
Scott Township

Oscar J. Olson
Barnes Township

Victor B. Olson
Barnes Township

1 66

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA YISTA COUNTY

ber 11; to Southampton; to Le Havre Novem-
ber 12. To Centres one month; to St. Aignan
with Co. D, 163d Regt. 41st Div.; trans, to
162d M. G. Co. at Soignes; to Gen. Hdq. at
Chaumont; to St. Aignan January 12; to Camp
Pontanezen June 20 to September 21. Sailed
from Brest with casual company on Powhatan
September 25; landed Xew York October 4.
To Camp Dodge. Mustered out October 13.
1919.

NEi;SON, SETH AI-EXANDER
Rembrandt
Born July 20, 1893. Knl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. B. X. C. O. T. S. Trained at Camp
Gordon, pvt. 10th Bn. 4th Replm. Regt.; tran.s.
to Co. B. X. C. O. T. S.; to Camp Shelby Xo-
vember 1; to Camp Dodge December 19.
Mustered out December 30, 1918.

NESS, CARI.
Brooke Township

Born March IG, 1895. Enl. September 20,
1917. Pvt. Co. H, 18th Regt. 1st Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; at Camp Pike; at Camp Mer-
ritt. Sailed from New York June 18; landed
Liverpool June 29. To Winchester; to Le
Havre. To Soissons July 19; joined 1st Div.
here until July 24; in action in Soissons sector;
to Toul for five days; to Saizerais sector until
August 24; to St. Mihiel September 12; in
Meuse-Argonne offensive October 1 to 9;
wounded in action October 9, wounded in
shoulder and joint; to Base Hosp. No. 35 six
weeks; to Convalescent Camp F80 January 15;
to La Bagoge six weeks; to Brest. Sailed
April 1 on Rotterdam; landed New York April
10. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out April 24, 1919.

NESS, HENRY M.
Brooke Township

Born August 14, 1892. Enl. September 19.
1918. Pvt. 26th Regt. Inf. 1st Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Pike; to Camp Mer-
ritt. Sailed from Camp Merritt June 19; landed
Liverpool July 1. To Le Havre July 4. To
Soissons. where he joined the 1st Div.; on
July 19 was in the chief attack, here until
July 23; to Ponta Mousson July 30 to August
20; to St. Mihiel September 6 to 18; to Ver-
dun area September 21 to 30; September 30
to Argonne, in lines October 1, over the top
October 4; wounded October 5, shrapnel in leg,
bullet in hand; to Base Hosp. No. 36 Vetal; to
Blois Base Hosp. 41-38; to Casual Camp; to
Tours; guarded German prisoners; to Roche-
fort; to Bordeaux. Sailed December 25 on King

Der Xetherland; landed Xewport News January
8. To Camp Lee; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out February 1, 1919.

NETVTON, BURT

Ne^well
Born December 25, 1895. Enl. November 1,
1917. Pvt. University School Dentistry, at
Iowa State University; Co. No. 1, Greenleaf.
Trained at Iowa State University and Camp
Greenleaf; to Ft. Oglethorpe. Mustered out
December 19, 1918.

NICROIiS, CIiAUDE C.

Storm Iiake
Born October 12, 1899. Enl. April 7, 1917.
Pvt. Co. M, 2d Iowa Inf. Discharged April 15,
1917; re-enlisted March 15, 1918; discharged
March 23, 1918, by reason of minor physical
defects.

NICHOI^S, FRANK

Sioux Rapids
Born June 2, 1891. Enl. June 19, 1917. Sgt.
347th F. A. 91st Div. Trained at Ft. Logan
until July 12; to Ft. Riley until August 28; to
Camp Lewis, at Camp Lewis served as drill-
master and as sgt., having charge of the 347th
P. A. Infirmary. Sailed overseas.

NICSOI.S, VEAR I,.

Storm Ziake
Born May 2, 1891. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. B. 316th Regt. 79th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from New
York on U. S. s. Plattsburg August 29; landed
Brest. To St. George;' to Argonne Forest, in
action October 20; captured by Germans No-
vember 4; in German hosp. at Vertion. Bel-
gium; November 18 to Base Hosp. Xo. 70 at
Verdun; to St. Aignan until February 10; to
Brest. Sailed on U. S. S. Plattsburg: landed
Xew York March 8, 1919. To Camp Merritt; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 19. 1919.

NIEI.SEN, HANS C.
Storm Ziake

Born January 20, 1889. Enl. September 20,
1917. Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. B, 164th Regt. 41st Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge; to Camp Cody; to
Camp Dix. Sailed; landed England. To Win-
chester; to Bordeaux. To Coons; to Brest.
Sailed February 8, 1919. Mustered out March
10. 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA \ ISTA COUNTY

1 6

NTEIiSEN, JENS H.
Wasbiug'tou Township

Born February 9, 1894. Bnl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
January 9, 1919.

NIEI.SEN, I.OUIS FREDERICK
Sioux Rapids

Born August 8, 1899. Enl. April 20. 1917.
Seaman. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; to I'orto-
mouth, N. H. ; to Philadelphia. Promoted
from app. seaman to seaman. Sailed from
New York November 10, on U. S. S. ChicaKo;
landed Bordeaux November 21. To Moutoh; to
Pinbouef; to Guipavas; to Trigenier; to Paris;
to Brest. During .stay in France v.as engaped
in construction worl<. Landed New YovK No-
vember 23, 1918. Mustered out January 14,
1919.

NIEIiSEN, MIKKEI. CHRIS

Newell Township
Born May 26, 1894. Enl. August 23. 1918.
Pvt. Co. H, 43d Inf. Trained at Jefferson Bar-
racks; at Camp Arthur; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed on Adriatic November 11; boat ordered
back to port on November 12. To Camp M-ir-
ritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out ]:)ecember
19, 1918.

NIEI.SEN, NEI.S
Storm Ziake
Born October 10, 1891. Enl. September 5,
1917. Sgt. Co. A 350th Regt. 88th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge; to Camp Upton.
Sailed from New York on Delta August 11;
landed London August 22. To Southampton; to
Cherbourg. To Semur; to Lorraine front Sep-
tember 22; to Argonne front October 10; to La-
Valle-Bonne: to Le Mans December 20; to Brest
February 2. Sailed on U. S. S. Peuple; landed
New York February 22. To Camp Merritt;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 5, 1919.

NIEI.SEN, NIEI.S K.
Elk Township

Born May 31, 1SS9. Enl. August 19. 1917.
Mechanic. M. G. Co. 6th Regt. 5th Div. Trained
at Ft. Logan one week; to Chiclvamauga Park
eight months. Sailed from New York April 9
on U. S. S. Covington; landed Brest April 22.
Stationed at Nully two weeks; joined the 6th
Inf. August 1 at Bois d' Arinont trenches; at
St. Mihiel; to Donevre; to Reginey; at St.
Martin; in Verdun sector October 4; to Mont-
faucon; crossed Meuse November 5; in Army

of Occupation at Trier, Germany; to Brest.
Sailed on U. S. S. America July 13; landed
Hoboken. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 29, 1919.

NIEIiSEIT, THEODORE
Elk Township
Born May 15. 1892. Enl. January 18. 1918.
Sgt. Co. F, 27th Inf. 28th Div. — organization
later changed. Trained at Ft. McDowell; to
Philippine Islands February 5; sailed Manila
on U. S. Army Transport Logan; to Honolulu
February 13; to Guam March 1; to Manilla;
landed Blarch 8. Sailed for Siberia August 7
on Transport Warren; landed Vladivostok
August 15. Took trans-Siberian railway trip
to Ragedonia to do railway duty guarding
until August 22; to Svaggano by railway; hiked
to Suuurai througli swamp-land; to Spasskoe
two weeks; took Bolshevik lidqrs. at Uspanko
June 9, 1919; into town June 12; hilled to
Krieske for railroad duty, there three montlis;
left Vladivostok October 7; landed Hongkong
October 11; October 12 sailed for Manilla;
arrived October 14; to Honolulu October 16;
arrived October 26. To San Francisco Novem-
ber 1. Mustered out November 3, 1919.

NII.SEN, MARTIN
Newell

Born May 1, 1894. Enl. Septemlier 19. 1917.
Cook Co. A 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp Upton. Sailed R. M. S.
Delta August 11; landed Southampton August
25. To Cherbourg August 28; landed Cher-
bourg August 29. To rest camp; September 2
to Semur for inf. drill maneuvers; September
23 to Haricourt for maneuvers; to Sainte-
Alsace front October 1; to Toul sector Novem-
ber 5, entered sector No\'ember 8: to Gondi'e-
court December 18 to May 7, 1919; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed on Aeolus May 19; landed
New Yorlc May 30. Mustered out June 5,
1919.

NORRIS, JEAN AUGUSTUS
Sioux Rapids

Born June 16, 1889. Enl. July 22, 1918.
Corp. in F. A. Trained at Camp Dodge and
Camp Taylor. Mustered out November IS,
1918.

NORTHEY, ERWIN FRANK
Sioux Rapids

Enl. December 12, 1917. Mech. Ist-cl. Naval
Aviation. Trained atl Dunwoody Institute.
Saw chief service at Montauk, L. I.; was at
Montauk for duration of naval activities.

1 68

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

OAKMAN, WAITER JAMES
Alta
Born February 13. 1892. Enl. May 23. IflV.
Musician Ist-cl. on Transport Service Ships
Banl< and on U. S. S. Pastore.s. Trained at
G. L. N. T. S.; to Norfolk, Va. Sailed from
New York December 6; landed Bordeaux De-
cember 13, 1918. Transported troops between
New York and Bordeaux on U. S. S. Pastores;
holds records for number of trips (21) in
transporting troops; Pastores was second ship
to dock with troops from the United States;
average number of troops transported, in-
cluding officers and men. 2.500. Played in
Sousa"s 300-piece band on tour of Middle
West and Eastern States for 2d Liberty Loan.
Mustered out at G. L. N. T. S. August 7. 1919.

OATMAN, GEORGE K.
Maple Valley Township

Born October 9. ISSS. Enl. .June 20. 1918.
Corp. Co. C, 313th Engrs. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Mills. Sailed on
Plassy August 16; landed Liverpool August 28.
To Southampton; to Le Havre. To border of
Switzerland; to Alsace sector; to Lorraine near
Metz; there when armistice was signed; built
railroads near Mctz one month; to Gud<'rcourt;
to Densian Hdqrs.; to St. Nazaii-e. Sailed on
Madawska May 25; landed New York June 6.
To Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 16, 1919.

OATMAN, JOHN
'Washing'toii Township
Born December 11. 1891. Enl. November 2,
1918. Pvt. Automobile Machinist, Co. A, 4th
Detach. Trained at Iowa State College. Mus-
tered out L>ecember 11, 1918.

O'DONOGHUE, ARCHIE

Storm Xiake

Born October 19, lN9r.. Enl. Si-pt. 2.'.. 1917.
In Medical Reserve Corps, Iowa, assigned to
Iowa City. Remained continuously in medical
college by order of Surgeon General from
October 1. 1917. to December 1. 1918. Would
have received commission as 1st Lieut. March
27, 1919. Mustered out December 1, 1918.

O'DONOGHUE, J. H.

Storm Iiake

Born July 8. 1876. Enl. June 22, 1917.

Captain, Spruce Production Division. Trained

at Ft. Riley; at Vancouver Barracks in Spruce

Production Division; in status of field officer

during entire period of service; attached to
troops getting airplane material along mouth
of Columbia River with hdqrs. at St. Bend and
Raymond, Washington. Mustered out Jan-
uary 18, 1919.

OI.IN, CARI. G.

Fairfield Township

Born July 5, 1895. Enl. July 21, 1918. Pvt.
Co. K 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon in 4th Replm. Regt., trans, to 316th Inf.
January 1, 1919. Sailed on U. S. S. Platts-
burg August 30; landed Brest September 12.
To St. George; to rest camp; to aviation field;
to "\'erdun; to Argonne November 8; to Donni-
leans until January 1; to Issencourt; to Bur-
roni; to Cumgoine; to Sout Huinsi. Sailed
on U. S. S. Texan May 16; landed May 29 at
Philadelphia. To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 10, 1919.

OLIN, GUST J.
Fairfield Township

Born July 5, 1895. Enl. July 21, 1918. Pvt.
Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at Camp
Gordon.

OIiSEN, I.ERK

Newell

Born March 11. 1S93, Enl. July 29. 191s.
Pvt. Co. D, 209th Engrs. 9th Div. Trained at
Camp Forrest; Camp Sheridan: Camp Dodge.
Mustered out February 3, 1919.

OI.SEN, MARIUS J.

Providence Township
Born September 26. 1892. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. P, 350th Regt. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Sailed from New York August
11; landed Liverpool August 25. To South-
ampton; to Brest September 1. To ALsace-
Lorraine front as automatic gunner for 11
days; taken sick with influenza, later with
trench fever; was in eight different hospitals.
Sailed January 31; landed New York February
12. To Camp Merritt. Mustered out March
3. 1919.

OI.SEN, OI.IVER MAX.TH)'

Alta
Born September 29, 1887. Enl. December 13,
1917. 1st. Lieut, attached to Hdqrs. Staff,
Division of Ordnance. Trained at Camp Han-
cock Machine Gun School; at Wilbur Wright
Aviation Field. Promoted from corp. to 2d
Lieut., to 1st Lieut. Sailed on S. S. Adriatic

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

lOy

October 6, 1918; landed Liverpool October 17.
To Le Havre October 21. To Blois, to read
instructions to incoming troops; to Hdqrs. in
Paris: February 1, 1919. to Ordnance Repair
Shops at Mehun; March 1 entered Univ. of
Montpelier. Sailed from Brest on S. S. Nor-
thern Pacific August 6; landed Hoboken August
12. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out September
3. 1919.

OI-SEIi, THADDEUS CIiIPTOST
Alta

Born March 29, !&'.)». Enl. December 4, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Evac. Hosp. No. 12, Medical Corps.
Trained at Ft. Logan; at Ft. Riley; to Evac.
Hosp. No. 12, Camp Dix. Sailed from Phila-
delphia August 14; landed Cherbourg August
28. Entered fighting zone at Pagny-sur-Meuse
September 5, 1918; to Royamieux; with Army
of Occupation at Trier. Germany; to Le Mans;
to Ecommoy; to St. Nazaire. Sailed on U.
S. S. Texan from Brest June 15; landed New-
port News June 27, 1919. To Camp Hill; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out July 5, 1919.

OIiSON, CHRIST E.

I^ee Township
Born June 29, 18S9. Enl. September 5, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. M. P. in Depot Brigade. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 1, 1919.

OI.SON, HARRY P.

Newell
Born January 14, 1896. Enl. July 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D 362d Inf., 91st Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp Dix. Sailed from New-
York September 10. on Grandscow; landed
Glasgow, September 23. To Southampton; to
Cherbourg. To Monpont for three weeks of
training; to Flanders October 30 to November
5; relieved French on Flanders front; went
over top; moved to immediate rear about three
months; to France, ordered back to front the
day of armistice; in line on Flanders front;
to France in the Le Mans area. Sailed from
St. Nazaire April 3 on Edward Luckenbach;
landed New York April 14. To Camp Merritt;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out April 30, 1919.

OI.SON, VICTOR B.

Barnes Township

Born December 19, 1890. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A 122d Engrs. Trained at Camp For-
rest; to Camp Upton. Sailed from New York
September 29; landed Brest October 13. To
Angers two weeks; to Gievres nine days; to
Alencon November 13; to forwarding camp at
Le Mans; to Jaineville-le-Pont May 5, 1919;
to Brest June 21. Sailed June 30; landed
Camp Mills July 12. To Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out July 19, 1919.

OI.SOH, ARTHUR I..

Newell
Born March 1, 1901. Enl. July 9, 1918. Pvt.
Co. K 3d Bn. 11th Regt. Marine Corps. Trained
at Mare Island. Sailed from Quantico, Va. ;
Landed in France. Did guard duty at Bor-
deaux.

OI.SON, CARI. AI.FRED

Albert City
Born February 8, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. CO! D, 164th Inf. 41st Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed August
30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest Sep-
tember 12. To St. George; to St. Aignan; to
Schousay; to Brest. Sailed February 8 on U. S.
S. President Grant; landed New York February
26. To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out March 10, 1919.

OI.SON, J. CLIPPORD

Ne'well
Born May 22, 1894. Enl. June 26, 1918. Pvt.
Hosp. Co. 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Sailed August 10 on S. S. Delta
from New Y'ork; landed Liverpool August 25.
To Southampton; to Cherbourg. To Semur; to
Bracquemont; to Girmagny; to Laginy Woods
November 11; to Minaucourt; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed for U. S. ; landed NewiJort News. Mus-
tered out June 5, 1919.

OI.SON, MAGNUS

Scott Township

Born December 8, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.

Corp. Development Bn. No. 2, Officers' Training

Camp. Trained at Camp Gordon; to Camp

Wheeler. Mustered out December 18, 1919.

OIiSON, OSCAR J.

Barnes Township

Born June 23, 1895. Enl. May 25. 1917.
Corp. Co. D, 5th Engrs. 7th Div. Trained
at Ft. Logan; to El Paso; to Brownsville; to
Corpus Christ! ; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from
New York on H. R. Mallory; landed Brest
August 12. To Pont-et-Massene Barracks
five days; to Perigny-sur-Armanson-Y'onne six
weeks; to Chaligny; to front lines; to St.
Mihiel sector September 26; to Minneville two
weeks; to front at Puvenvile Woods; to Vil-
lers-sur-Preny; to Thiaucourt engaged in road

William B. Olson
Storm Lake

Joseph O'Malley
Washington Township

Bennie W. Oquist
Sioux Rapids

George Almor Osmundson
Sioux Rapids

Irving' Osmundson
Sioux Rapids

Louis F. Otteman
Coon Township

Ray M, Overmeyer
Sioux Rapids

Louis Arthur Parker
Sioux Rapids

John L. Parkhill
Storm Lake

Floyd D. Parrott
Nokomis Township

Thomas B. Patten
Alta

Jens Paulsen
Newell

Aug-ust R. Peck
Storm Lake

Peder Frands Pedersen
Storm Lake

John W. Pendleton
Storm Laxe

Victor E. Penn
Alta

Allen L, Pennell
Barnes Township

Charles D. Pentico
Storm Lake

Karl Pentito
Storm Lake

A. Victor Peterson
Alta

Adolph Peterson
Elk Township

Alfred Peterson
Elk Township

Berber Martin Peterson
Sioux Rapids

Charles Peterson
Newell

1/2

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

construction near Metz; salvage work at
Rouillion\'ille from December 5 to January 1:
to Barbache; to Brest. Sailed February 15 on
U. S. S. George Washington; stopped at Boston
February 24; landed New York February 25.
To Camp Mills; to Camp Humphreys; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out March 25, 1919.

OI.SOM', WII.I.IAM B.
Storm liake

Born .lune 15, 18:i4. Knl. .luly 24. HUS. Pvt.
Replni. Co. Trained at ('amp Gordon. Dis-
charged on account of physical disability.

0'MAI.I.EY, JOSEPH
Washingrton To'wuship
Born June lit, 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon thirty days with Co. E. 4th Replm.
Regt. Si.\ months service in France with the
79lh Div.; at Argonne, Verdun. Mustered
out May 10, 1919.

OQUIST, BENNIE W.
Sioux Rapids

Born April 111, 1SS9. lOiil. June 7, 191S.
Carpenter's mate 2d-cl. in Naval Aviation.
Trained at Pensacola. Fla.; Charleston, S. C.
for one month, repairing seaplanes. Mustered
out April 9, 1919.

OSmUNDSON, GEORGE AI.MOR
Slouz Rapids

Born June 5, 1889. Knl. May 13, 1918. Pvt.
Co. H 64th Inf. 7th Div. Trained at Camp
MacArthur until August 15. Sailed from New
York August 24 on U. S. S. Mt. Vernon; landed
Bi'est September 3. To Stigney one week; to
Argentueil ten days; to Doulard one week; to
Toul sector October 10, held line at a point ten
miles from Metz for eight days; returned to
reserves October 21 to 25; to Gegencourt; re-
turned to reserve position for five days; back to
Gcngcncourt November 2; received Mccidental
gunshot wound in right eye November 3; to
Base IIosp. No. 45 at Toul until December 26;
to Base Hosp. at Savaney; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed on Manchuria January 10; landed New
York January 22. To Hosp. No. 2 on Staten
Island three weeks; to Ft. McHenry three
weeks; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out March
20, 1919.

OTTEMAN, IiOUIS T.
Coon Township
Born February 18, 1894. Enl. June 26, 1918.
I'vt. Co. D 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge until August 8. Sailed from New
York August 11 on the S. S. Delta; landed
England August 25. To Southampton; to Le
Havre. To Semur three weeks; to Chassias
until October 4; to Alsace-Lorraine sector
October 5; in offensive two weeks before armis-
tice was signed; moved off front to Naix De-
cember 1 until May 7, 1919. Sailed from St.
Nazaire May 19; landed Newport News. To
Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 5, 1919.

OTERMYER, RAY M.

Sioux Rapids
Born March in, 1890. Enl. April 26, 1918.
Corp. Co. D, 360th Regt. 90th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; at Camp Travis; and at Arbot,
France. Landed in France June 14. To front
August 22; in St. Mihiel drive September 12 to
16; captured Hill No. 317 September 15; at
Meuse-Argonne October 26 to November 11; on
November 1 took Grand Carre Farm and ad-
vanced to Hill 243; Nov. 2 took part in opera-
tion of taking Hill No. 321; November 11 on
front just out of Baalon near Mouzay; No-
vember 17 to Verton, Belgium; November 26
to December 23 hiked to Germany, passing
through Trier and up Moselle Valley, stopping
at Wehlen where he stayed until Ma.v 17, 1919;
entrained for St. Nazaire. Sailed May 27;
landed Boston June 7. To Camp Devens; to
Camp Sherman. Mustered out June 15, 1919.

FARKE.R, IIOUIS ARTHUR

Sioux Rapids
Born December 8, 1896. Enl. December 13,
1917. Corp. Base Hosp. No. 26, Med. Corps.
Trained at Ft. McPherson until June 1, 1918.
Sailed from Hoboken on Adriatic June 4;
landed Liverpool June 16. Crossed Channel
to Le Havre June 19. To Allerey June 20;
until March 1, 1919; to Birmingham and joined
the American Student Dept. at Birmingham
Univ. from March 20 until July 1. Sailed
from Liverpool July 6 on U. S. S. Plattsburg;
stopped at Brest until July 17; left Brest on
Martha Washington July 17; landed New York
July 27, 1919. To Camp Mills. Mustered out
August 1, 1919.

PARKHII.I., JOHN I..
Storm Ziake

Born October 13, 1897. Enl. May 28, 1918.
2d Lieut. Aviation Service. Trained at S. M.
A. Austin, Te.\as; Camp Dick; Eberts Field;
Love Field. Mustered out March 13, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 173

PABBOTT, FLOYD D.

Nokomls Township
Born March 2, lS;il. lOnl. May 27. IHIS. Pvt.
Co. C, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge two months; to Camp Mills. Sailed
from New York on Ascouiam August 16;
landed Liverpool August 28. To Southampton:
to Le Havre. To Hericourt for training four
weeks; to Alsace sector; to Toul 18 days; to
Gondrecourt Area; to Beaune Versity until
March 16; to St. Nazaire. Sailed May 25 on
U. S. S. Madawska; landed New York on June
6. 1919. To Camp Dodge. Mustered out June
15, 191!).

PATTEN, THOMAS BBYANT

Alta
Born October 10, 1895. Knl. May 24, 1917.
Coxswain, U. S- Navy. Trained at G. L. N.
T. S.; to U. S. S. Minnesota, where he quali-
fied with gun crew within two months; trans,
to receiving ship at Norfolk: to St. Helena;
to Virginia Beach Rifle Range; to St. Helena;
to S. S. Hwahjah in service of the N. S. A. C.
T. ; was in four different engagements with
submarines; trans, to U. S. S. Agamemnon on
which ship he made four round triiis. Mus-
tered out July 29, 1919.

FATTLSEir, JENS
Newell
Born May 14, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. D, 167th Inf. 41st Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon. Sailed November 8; landed Cuntles.
France. Sailed from Brest for U. S.: landed
Hoboken. Mustered out March 4. 1919.

PAULSON, BEINHOLD M. I>.

Albert City

Born March 27. 1S92. Knl. May 13, 191S.
Pvt. Ist-cl. 8th Squadron 1st Regt. Signal
Corps section, Aviation. Trained at Vancouver
Barracks-; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
January 2, 1919.

PIEBSON, JEBSON N.

Albert City
Born January 16, 1889. Enl. September 6,
1917. Pvt. Base Hosp. No. 121, Med. Corps.
Trained at Camp Dodge; to Camp Beauregard;
to Camp Upton. Sailed from New York No-
vember 13; landed Liverpool. To Le Havre.
To Bordeaux Base Hos|). about seven months.
Sailed June 29 on U. S. S. Huron; landed New-
port News July 10. To Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out July 17, 1919.

PIEBSON, JOHN A.

Albert City

Born December 9, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D 4th Replm. Trained at Camp Gor-
don. Mustered out July 31, 1919.

PESCH, AUGUST B.
Storm Lake
Born April 17, 1895. Enl. April 5, 1918. Pvt.
Med. Corps. Trained at Camp Dodge and
Prescott. Arizona.

PEDEBSEN, PEDEB PBANDS
Newell

Born April 17, 1889. Enl. September 19, 1917.
Mechanic Co. C, 362d Inf. 91st Div. Trained
at Camp Lewis. Foreign service 9 months, St.
Mihiel September 11 to 13; Gesnes Dept. of
Meuse September 26 to October 12. Mustered
out May 1, 1919.

PENDLETON, JOHN W.
Storm Lake

Born April 8, 1893. Enl. March 14, 1918.
Sgt. Co. A, 1st Bn. Ordnance Corps. Trained
at Washington, D. C; Central Officers' Train-
ing School, Camp Lee. Promoted from pvt. 1st-
cl. to Corp., to sgt. of ordnance and then ad-
mitted to Officers' Training School. Mustered
out November 23, 1918.

FENN, VICTOB E.

Alta
Born June 19, 1889. Enl. September 9, 1918.
Pvt. unassigned. Trained at Camp Dodge; as-
signed to Military Clerical Detachment, State
of Iowa, and assigned to special duty with tlic
Local Board for the County of Adair, State of
Iowa, Greenfield, Iowa. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge, December 27, 1918.

FENNELL, ALLEN L.
Barnes Township

Born February 4, 1894. Enl. July 1, 1917.
Pvt. Batt. C, 1st F. A. Trained at Angel
Island. California, until March 27, 1919. Mus-
tered out March 27, 1919.

FENTICO, CHABLES D.

Storm Lake

Born December 1, 1897. Enl. December 11,
1917. Corp. Co. F, 104th M. T. C. 29th Div.
Trained at Camp McClellan; Camp MacArthur;

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PPs\ a\^H

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'1*% 'NK^ I^B

Frank W. Peterson
Alta

iJuy \V. I'eterscin
Alta

Har\"ey Ciiris Peterson
Elk Township

Henry J. Peterson
Grant Township

Knute Alfred Peterson Kristen Petersen

Albert City Newell

Leonard Peterson
Alta

Nels A. Peterson
Newell

Norval A. Peterson
Lee Township

Oscar C. Peterson
Alta

Russell W. Peterson
Alta

Verner A. Peterson
Elk Township

^Valferd Cai-l Petersun
Alta

Roval V. Petlon
Elk Township

Lloyd Petty
Storm Lake

l;nsh l;, l-.-\vsf\-
Stoi'ni Lake

liiissell Al. I'ewsey
Storm Lake

irvinj? K. riiipi':
Lee Township

l-ester H. Phipps
Lee Township

Edgar W. Piercy
Newell

James B. Pike
Hayes Township

Norman G. Pike
Hayes Township

John Plagman
Brooke Township

Paul F. Plagman
Brooke Township

176

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Ft. Sill. Sailed from Philadelphia June 28;
landed Liverpool. To Southampton; to Cher-
bourg. To St. Nazaire; to Langres; to Fon-
taine; to Argonne front October 9; to Bar-le-
Duc: November 5 to Bour Bonne-les-Baines; to
St. Nazaire. Sailed June 13; landed Charleston;
to Camp Dodge. Mu.stered out July 5, 1919.

PENTICO, EARI.
Storm Iiake

Born July 3, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Hdqrs. Co. 329th Inf. 83d Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from
New York latter part of August on Leviathan;
landed Brest September 2. To hosp. in Brest
for three weeks: to Le Mans, Joined S3d Div.
here; to Eccemoy; to Paris; to Verdun front
for three weeks; to Le Mans; to Hosp. No.
52; in Le Mans two weeks; to St. Nazaire
hosp. ten days; to hosp. near Brest ten days.
Sailed on Leviathan March 27; landed New
York April 2. To Camp Mills; to Ft. Des
Moines from April 17 to June 11. Mustered
out June 11, 1919,

PETERSON, A. VICTOR

Alta
Born January 17, 1892. Enl. December 15.
1917. Mechanic, 12th Aero Squadron. Trained
Camp Grant; at Kelly Field; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed for France May 15, 1918. In France
assigned at a mechanic with the 12th Aero
Squadron; served in four battles: Champagne-
Marne defensive; Aisne-Marne offensive; St.
Mihiel offensive; Meuse-Argonne offensive.
After armistice was ordered to Coblenz with
Army of Occupation. Sailed May. 1919; landed
in U. S. June 16. Mustered out at Camp Custer
July 1. 1919.

PETERSON, ADOI.FK

Elk Township

Born October 14. 1X91. Enl. May 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. G, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp Mills. Sailed from New
York August 16 on English boat Ulysses;
landed Liverpool August 28. To Winchester;
to Southampton; to Le Havre. To Belfort;
was at Lorraine front until armistice was
signed; outfit moved to Gendicourt five months;
to St. Nazaire. Sailed on Pocahontas May 21;
landed Newport News June 1. 1919. To Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 16. 1919.

PETERSON, AI.FRED

Elk Township
Born October 13, 1886. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 316th Regt. 79th Div. Trained

at Camp Gordon; to Camp 'Merritt. Sailed
from New York August 28 on U. S. S. Platts-
burg; landed Brest September 12. To St.
George ten days for training; joined the 79th
Div.; at Argonne-Meuse 14 days before armis-
tice was signed; billeted at Reville six weeks;
to Tisoncourt three months. Sailed from St. Na-
zaire May 16 on the Texan; landed Phila-
delphia. To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out June 10, 1919.

PETERSON, BER6ER MARTIN

Sioux Rapids
Born October 10, 1894. Enl. November 26,
1917. Pvt. 163d D. B. 55th M. G. Bn. 19th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge for duration of en-
listment; with M G. Bn. three months; with
Med. Corps remainder of time. Mustered out
February 1, 1919.

PETERSON, CARI. S.

Marathon
Born August 8, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mu.stered out July 31. 1918.

PETERSON, CHARI;ES
Newell

Born August 29, 1892. Enl. July 27, 1918.
Pvt. Vet. Hosp. No. 17, Vet. Corps. Trained
at Camp Dodge and Camp Lee. Sailed from
Norfolk October 29 on Contigny; landed No-
vember 9 at Brest. To Lougyon for five months
doctoring horses: to Grieves two months; to
Le Mans 12 days; to Belgium camp; to Brest.
Sailed June 24 on IT. S. S. Huntington; landed
Boston July 5. Mustered out July 11, 1919.

PETERSON, FRANK W.
Alta

Born February 22, 1890. Enl. July 29. 1918.
Corp. Aviation Motor Inspectors. Trained at
Camp Forrest with Co. F, 213th Engrs.; to
Buffalo. Aviation Motor Inspectors: to Curtis
Aviation Field. Mustered out at Camp Dodge,
April 8. 1919.

PETERSON, GUSTAV H.
Elk Township

Born April 17. 1892. Enl. July 29. 1918.
Corp. Co. E, 212th Engrs. 12th Div. Trained
at Camp Forrest until September 15; to Camp
Devens until February 18, 1919. Mustered out
at Camp Dodge February 28, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUXTY

177

PETERSON, GUY W.
Alta

Born December 2, 1893. Enl. September 20,
1917. Cook Ist-cl. Co. A, 350th Inf. SSth Dlv.
Trained at Camp Dodge. Promoted from pvt.
to cook Ist-cl. Sailed with SSth Div. for
France. Volunteered to assist as baker while on
transport. Served with 88th Div. in France as
cook with Co. A, 350th Inf. Returned to
United States: mustered out at Camp Dodge
June 5. 1919. Married to Maria W. Van
Nimwegen.

PETERSON, HARVEY CHRIS

Elk Township
Born April 14, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. K, 28th Inf. 1st Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon until October 17: to Camp Mer-
ritt. Sailed from Hoboken on Leviathan Octo-
ber 27: landed Liverpool November 3. To
France November 6. Was at Le Mans when
armistice was signed; to Le Havre: to Verdun:
joined 1st Div.; to Coblenz with Army of
(Occupation: was compelled to hike a distance
of 200 miles on march to Coblenz; in Germany
five months: taken sick and ordered to U. S.
Sailed from St. Nazaire May 6 on Powhatan:
landed Newport News May 21. To Hampton
Roads; to Fort Sheridan; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 5, 1919.

PETERSON, HENRY J.

Grant Township
Born May 25, 1894. Enl. June 25, 1918. Corp.
Co. C, 350th Inf. SSth Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge. Sailed from New York August 11;
landed Liverpool August 25. To Southampton;
to Cherbourg September 4. To Chassee; to
Alsace-Lorraine for 31 days; to position near
Metz three weeks. To Naix May 7; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed on S. .S. Aeolus May 19;
landed Newport News May 30. Mustered out
June 5, 1919.

PETERSON, HOI.GAR E.
Rembrandt

Enl. February. 1918. Pvt. Co. A, M. P. 3d
Army. Trained at Camp Lee. Sailed over-
seas May, 1918. Was wounded in Argonne
Forest: sent to Coblenz with Army of Occu-
pation.

PETERSON, JAMES EI-MER

Newell

Born January 15, 1893. Enl. May 27, 1918.
Mechanic Co. F. 349th Regt. SSth Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Landed LiveriJool October

10. To Southampton October 13; to Versigny.
To Argonne-Meuse sector, hiked two days;
went in lines for five days in quiet sector.
Sailed from St. Nazaire May 19 on S. S.
Rigandaw; landed Hoboken May 30, 1919.
Mustered out June 12, 1919.

PETERSON, KNUTE AI.FRED
Albert City

Born October 13, 1890. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt, in Co. D. 4th
Replm. Sailed from New York August 30 on
U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest September
12. To St. George with Co. M, 163d Regt. 41st
Div.; to Verdun; to Genicourt; assigned to
316th Inf. 79th Div.; in front lines October 29,
over the top November 3; assisted in the cap-
ture of Hill 378 on November 10; attacked
hill near Danvaliers; to Etraye; to Reveille;
to Issencourt three months: hiked five days
to Trampot: to Reviecourt; to Vallet; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed May 16 on U. S. S. Texan;
landed Philadelphia May 29. To Camp Dix;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 10, 1919.

PETERSEN, KRISTEN
Newell

Born June. 1892. Enl. July 24. 1918. Pvt.
Co. I, 4th Replm. Regt., in 107th Bn. Sailed
for France August 25.

PETERSON, I.EONARD

Alta
Born May 28, 1900. Enl. October 11. 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista Col-
lege. Storm Lake. Iowa. Mustered out De-
cember 13, 1918.

PETERSON, NEIiS S.
Newell

Born February 13, 1894. Enl. December
10, 1917. Corp Batt. D, 40th Regt. Coast
Artillery. Trained at Ft. Logan; to Presidio.
California; to Ft. Baker, in Non-commissioned
Oflicers' School: to Ft. Winfield Scott. Mus-
tered out December 10, 1918.

PETERSON, NORVAI. A.

Ijee Township

Born October 25, 1894. Enl. September 1.

1918. Pvt. in the 16th Co., not assigned to

regiment. Trained at Camp Dodge. Mustered

out November 26, 1918.

I'liil li. I'laiialp
Storm Lake

^^'illiam A Ploeser
Hayes Township

William A. I'ukestv
Alta

James Poland
Storm Lake

Oscar Andrew Ponsor
Fairfield Township

Alex C. Porath
Newell

August Fi-ed Herman

Porath, Jr.

Coon Township

Emil A. Porath
Newell

Fred A. Porath
Newell

Clifford Eugene Porter
Nokomis Tow-nship

Ray E. Porter
Nokomis Township

Henrv Post
Grant Township

>r5!^-

liasiiius Juigeii ruulsen
Coon Township

Albert L. Powell
Linn Grove

David E. Preston
Storm Lake

William Jerome Preston
Storm Lake

William M. Quick
Lee Township

LeRov A. Rader
Alta

Clarence Paper
Poland Township

Rasmus A. Rasmusscn
Providence Township

Alvin B. Redd
Sioux Rapids

Manson S. Redeiibaugh
Storm Lake

J. Mi'ler Redfield
Newell

Archie F. Reding
Newell

i8o

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUXTY

PETERSON, OSCAR C.

Alta

Born May 9, 1894. Enl. February 25, 1918.
Pvt. Batt. A, 339th Regt. Field Art. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Honorably discharged May
10, 1918, by reason of chronic pulmonary tuber-
culosis. Died September 16, 1918, of chronic
pulmonary tuberculosis.

PEWSEY, RtTSS B.
Storm Iiake

Born October 3, 1887. Enl. October 4, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 19th M. P. Trained at Camp
Dodge with 163d D. B., later trans, to Co. B,
19th M. P., trans, to 219th Engrs. Mustered
out June 5, 1919. Rush B. Pewsey enlisted
May 28, 1918, rejected by reason of spinal de-
fects; drafted into service again October 4,
1918.

FETERSOM, PETER O.

Ziee Township
Born February 1, 1892. Enl. August 21. Pvt.
Co. 5 Inf. and Co. 309 Q. M. C. Remount.
Trained at Camp Gordon: Camp McClellan; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out April 2, 1919.

PETERSON, RUSSEI.!; W.

Alta
Born July 25, 189B. Enl. September 5, 1918,
Pvt. Co. 15, 21st Regt. 19th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge with Co. 58 Inf.; at Ft. Bar-
rancas with Co. 15, 21st Art. 19th Div. Mus-
tered out at Camp Dodge January 2, 1919,

PETERSON, VERNER A.

Elk Township

Born December 5, 1896. Enl. September 6,

1918. Pvt. Co. D, Inf. D. B. Bn. Trained at

Camp Dodge. Mustered out December 2, 1918.

PETERSON, WAIiFERD CARIi
Alta
Born June 4, 1896. Enl. June 18, 1918,
Ldsman, Electrician Co, 12. Trained at G. L,
N, T, S. Mustered out January 20, 1919.

PETI.ON, ROYAI. V.

Elk Township

Born July 25, 1896. Enl. July 18, 1918,
Seaman in U. S. Navy. Trained at G. L. N.
T. S.; was in hospital at Great Lakes with
the Spanish influenza four months. Mustered
out February 19, 1919.

PETTY, MERI.IN ROY

Sioux Rapids
Born November 25, 1891. Enl. September 20,
1918. Pvt. Co. A, 2d Inf. 19th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Mustered out January 21, 1919.

PEWSEY, RUSSEI,!, M.
Storm Ziake

Born October 3. 1897. Enl. September 6,
1918. Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. 58 163d D. B., trans, to
Co. E, 88th Inf. 19th Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 5, 1919. Russell
M. Pew.sey enlisted on the 28th day of May,
1918, and was rejected; drafted on the 6th of
September, 1918,

PHIPPS, IRVING E.

Lee Township

Born June 3. 1899. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College. Storm Lalic, Iowa. Mustered out De-
cember 13, 1918.

PHIPPS, I.ESTER H.

liee Township
Born April 7, 1897. Enl. July, 1918, Pvt.
in Med. Corps. Trained at Iowa State College.
Mustered out January 15, 1919,

FIERCE, EDWIN V.

Iiinn Grove
Born June 15, 1899. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Pvt. Co. 7, training for Heavy Artillery at
Iowa State College. Mustered out December
17, 1918.

PIERCY, EDGAR W.

Ne"well
Born October 12, 1891. Enl. July 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. G, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; Camp Merritt. Sailed Sep-
tember 2; landed Brest. To Verdun; to front
lines October 25; wounded with shrapnel in hip
October 30; to Base Hosp. No. Ill; to Bor-
deaux; was wounded in Argonne Forest while
going into position. Sailed February 11;
landed in U. S. Mustered out March 20, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUNTY

i8i

FIKE, JAMES B.
Hayes Township

Born May 28, 1887. Enl. September i. 1918.
Pvt. Ca.sualty and First Aid in Med Corps.
Trained at Ft. Riley two montlis; Ft. Leaven-
worth seven months; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out June 12, 1919.

PIKE, NORMADT G.
Hayes Township

Born December 28. 1S90. Enl. July 24, 191S.
Pvt. Co. G, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon one month; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed overseas. Returned to U. S. Mustered
out June 10, 1919.

FIERSON, AUREIiIUS
Albert City

Born April 29, 1893. Enl. February 25, 1918.
Pvt. Hdars. Co. 139th Inf. 35th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge until April 14; to Camp Mills.
Sailed on Caronia April 24; landed Liverpool
May 6. To Romsey; to France June 30. Landed
Le Havre July 4. To St. Aignan; to Bains-
les-Bains; July 17 to Corniomont; July 21 to
Huith; July 30 to Alsace-Lorraine sector;
division relieved the 6tli Diw September 12; to
Neucomaisons September 15; September 22 to
Allen\-ille Woods; Septemlier 25 to Argonne
Forest; relieved October 1 by the 82d Div.;
October 3 to Camp Massa; to Verdun front
October 29; November 7 relieved by the 81st
Div.; November 8 to Bannancourt on Metz
front; November 12 to Rupt; to Vignot; to
Toici; March 19 to Belgium Camp; to St. Na-
zaire March 25. Sailed April 13 from St. Na-
zaire; landed Newport News, having made voy-
age on Matsonia, April 24. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out May 2, 1919.

PI.AGMAN, JOHN

Bx'ooke Towmship
Born December 19, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. C, Camp Regt. 3d Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed
on n, S. S. Plattsburg August 29; landed
Brest September 12. To La Lues; to Meuse-
Argonn© until November 11; to Alsace-Lor-
raine; to Luxemburg; crossed line December
1; to Plaidt from December 16 until May 5.
1919; to Audernach; to Coblenz one month;
opened Gen. Pershing's Stadium June 22;
closed the stadium July 6; marched in Peace
Day Parade in Paris July 14; to London for
parade; to Paris; to Brest. Sailed on Levia-
than September 1; landed Hoboken September
8. To Camp Mills; paraded in New York Sep-
tember 10; to Washington September 17 for
parade; to Camp Meade; to Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out September 24, 1919.

PIAGMAN, PAUL T.
Brooke Township

Born April 1, 1897. ICiil. September 5. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. 163d D. B. Med. Detach. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Beauregard; to Base
Hosp. 3121, Med Dept. October 11 to 29; to
Camp Upton November 1 to 19. Sailed No-
vember 13 on Adriatic; landed Liverpool No-
vember 24. To Southampton; to Le Havre.
By rail to Bordeaux, camped near Bordeaux
from November 29 to June 29, 1919. Sailed
from Bordeaux June 29- landed Newport News
July 11. To Camp Stewart; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 1", 1919.

FLANALP, PHIi; G.

Storai Iiake

Born December 10. 1894. Enl. March 1. 191S.
Pvt. 1st Ordnance Co. Ordnance Dept., Raritan
Arsenal. Trained at University of Chicago;
Camp Hancock. Mustered out December 18,

1918.

PI.OEGBR, VrlLLIAM A.

Hayes Township
Born November 20, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. L, 316th Regt. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; St. Georges, France. Sailed to
France. Sent up near front; was in reserve
when he was sent to hospital with pneumonia
and measles. Mustered out April 15.

POKESTY, WIIiIiIAM A.
Alta
Born April 9, 1891. Enl. Augu.st 6, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 1st Bn. Inf. O. A. R. D. Trained
at Jefferson Barracks; to Camp MacArthur;
to Camp Merritt. Sailed November 9; recalled
November 11 to Camp Merritt. To Camp
Dodge. Mustered out December 15, 1918.

POLAND, JAMES
Stonu Lake

Born May 28, 1887. Enl. September 4, 1917.
Sgt. Co. B, 313th Engrs. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Sailed from New York; landed
Liverpool. To Winchester; to Le Havre. Saw
28 days of active service . in Alsace-Lorraine
sector. Landed in U. S. June 6, 1919. Mus-
tered out June 16, 1919.

PONSOR, OSCAR ANDREW
Fairfield Township

Born March 27, 1891. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. Co. 41. 20th Engrs. Trained at Camp For-
rest; Camp Merritt. Sailed October 28 on
George W'ashington; landed Brest November 7.

H. F. Ileedcr
Alta

Aitliur Frank Reesa
Linn Grove

Henrv E. Reese
Alta

John E. Ueese
Nokomis Township

Peter W. Jie-^se
Alta

Tliomas Fluyd Reese
Linn Grove

John C. Refslanil
Sioux Rapids

Arthur R. Rehnstrom
Scott Township

Reuben A. Rehnstrom
Elk Toviinship

Artliur F. Reis
Providence Township

John Franklin Reynolds
Storm Lake

Winchester Englebert

l^teynolds

Storm Lake

Everett E. Rice
Hayes Township

George Basil Uice
Storm Lal^e

Norman Beryl Rice
Storm Lake

Herbert Wesley Richardsjii
Storm Lake

Carlos A. FUchter
Grant Township

Roy Rigdon
Alta

Daniel A. Uilcy
Lincoln Township

Edward J. Riley
Lincoln Township

Carl Bernard Risvold
Barnes Township

Selmer A. Risvold
Scott Township

Clifton J. Robar
Nokomis Township

i84

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUXTY

To Angers one week: to Bordeaux; to Camp
Buricus until May 1; to Camp Genicourt. Sailed
May 15 on Luckenbach; landed Hoboken June
1. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out June 16, 1919.

FORATK, AI-EX C.

Ne'well
Born July 29, 1890. Enl. February 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. I, 130th Regt. 33d Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge and Camp Logan. Sailed from
New York on Agamemnon May 17: landed
Brest May 24. Trained a month near Abbey-
ville; to Somme front two weeks; to Albert
front six weeks: to Verdun until October 10;
wounded by inachine-gun bullet on October
10; taken to Evac, Hosp. No. 6; to Base Hosp.
Xo. 25: to Base Hosp. 38 near St. Xazaire.
Sailed December 10 on S. S. Zeelandia; landed
Newport News December 22, 1918. Mustered
out May 9, 1919.

POBATH, AUGUST FRED HEBMAW, JR.
Coon To'WTisliip

Born May 25, 1898. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge until July 25; to Ft. Riley until
September 27. Mustered out September 27,
1918.

FOKATH EMU. A.
Newell
Born September 6, 188C. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at Camp
Gordon. Discharged July 31. On October 3
again inducted into service; sent to Jeffer-
son Barracks. Discharged December 15, 1918.

FORATH, FRED A.

Newell
Born December 1. 1898. Enl. October 11,
1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista
College. Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out
December 13, 1918.

PORTER, CLIFFORD EUGENE

Nokomis Township
Born February 27, 1897. Enl. July 16, 1918.
Seaman 2d-cl. U. S. Navy. Trained at G. L.
N. T. S.; sailed from Newport News June 16,
1919; landed St. Nazaire June 29. To New-
port News; to Brest; trans, to U. S. S. Sus-
quehanna; landed at New York August 27; to
Brooklyn Hosp.; to Washington, D. C; to
Philadelphia: to G. L. N. T. S. Mustered out
October 21, 1919.

FORTER RAY E.
Nokomis To'wnship
Born August 24, 1S95. Enl. July 6, 1917.
Seaman on U. S. S. Great Northern. Trained
at G. L. N. T. S. for 18 months; to Naval
Barracks at N. Y. February 9, 1919; assigned
to L^. S. S. Great Northern; made five round
trips from New York to Brest from April 3 to
6th of July, 1919. To G. L. N. T. S. Mustered
out August 23, 1919.

FOST, HENRY

Grant Township
Born January 25, 1893. Enl. February 25,
1918. Pvt. Co. 45, 20th Engrs. A. E. F. Trained
at Camp Dodge; at Camp American Univer-
sity. Sailed on President Lincoln May 10;
landed Brest May 23. To Bazoilles May 31,
worked in timber here until August 5; to Ren-
ner to build a sawmill; to Gironcourt Septem-
ber 20; to Chimilin and attached to the M. T.
C. of Chimilin until November 24, here his
arm was broken and he was sent to Base
Hosp. No. 66 at Bazoilles: joined company at
Ponteux in southern France: worked in timber
until May 13. Sailed from Bordeaux on Luck-
enbach for the U. S. May 17; landed Hoboken
June 1. Mustered out June 9 at Camp Dodge.

FOUI.SEN, RASMUS JORGEN

Coon To'wnship

Born March 3, 1898. Enl. October 13, 1918.

Pvt. 113th Engrs. 2d Prov. Regt. Trained at

Vancouver Barracks. Mustered out February

1. 1919. at Camp Dcdge.

FOWEI.!., AI.BERT I..

Iiinn Grove
Born November 29. 1X92. Enl. .liily 26. 191S.
Sgt. Co. G, Replm. Inf. Trained at Camp
Gordon: at H. C. O. School at Camp Gordon.
Mustered out December 23, 1919.

FRESTON, DAVID E.
Storm Iiake
Born July 27, 1894. Enl. November 14, 1917.
Fireman 2d-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.
broke shoulder and had operation for appendi-
citis while in service, was granted medical
discharge as permanently disabled. Mustered
out November 1, 1918.

FRESTON, 'WII.I.IAM JEROME
Storm Iiake

Born July 5. 1892. Enl. July 10, 1917. Pvt.
Mach. Gun Co. 142d Inf. 36th Div. Trained
at Cherokee: at Camp Hyatt; at Camp Cody.

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA MSTA COUXT^■

1 8

'-^:)

Sailed from New York on H. M. S. Anchises
October 13; landed Liverpool October 24. To
Southampton: to Le Havre. To Le Mans; to
Clairmont; to Piercy; to Liegners for six
months. Sailed from Brest on U. S. S. Von
Steuben May 29; landed Xew York June 6.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge June 16, 1919.

QtTICK, WH.I.IAM M.
Tgee Township

Born March 20, 18:i7. Knl. June 1. 1918.
Sgt. Co. A, 5th Training Engrs. Trained at
Camp Humphreys. Mustered out January 1,
1919.

EArES, r.E F-OY A.

Alt a
Born Jaunary 23, 1892. Enl. May 5, 1918.
2d Lieut, assigned to Co. K, 809th Pioneer Inf.;
later assigned to Co. 65, 17th Bn. 163 D. B.;
later had charge of Co. 18, 5th Bn. 163d D. B.
Trained at Camp Dodge; pvt. Co. 2. 4th Offi-
cers' Training School, 88th Div. Commissioned
2d Lieut. Inf. V. S. A. August 26, 1918. As-
signed to first-named organization after re-
ceiving commission. Mustered out December
2. 1918.

RAPER, CLARENCE
Folaud TownsMp

Born September 4. 1894. Enl. June 8, 1917.
Wagoner, Co. A. 7th Engrs. 5th Div. Trained
at Ft. Leavenworth until February Ih. 1919.
Sailed from Xew York March 15 on Orduno;
landed Liverpool March 28. To Winchester;
To Le Havre, to Montigny; to LeRoy until
July 15; to St. Die and engaged in battle four
days; remained in this sector until August 15;
to St. Mihiel September 12 to 16; near Toul
for rest; to Argonne sector September 26 until
November 11; to Luxemberg from November
20 until July 5, 1919; to Brest. Sailed July 15
on Rodna; landed New York July 28. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
August 4. 1919.

BASMTTSSEN, CHRIS J. A.
Coon Township
Born November 18, 1888. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 31th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon until August 24. Sailed from
Hoboken September 1 on U. S. S. Plattsburg;
landed Brest September 13. To St. Georges;
to Verdun front, in raids and held lines until
November 11; to Neippel until March 23; to
4th Area. Chambrecourt, March 28; to St.
Nazaire two Aveeks. Sailed on Knollond May
18; landed Xew York May 29. To Camp Dix;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

RASiaUSSEN, RASMUS A.
Providence To'wnship
Born December 1. 1892. Enl. September 20.
1917. Pvt. Co. C, 9th Regt. 2d Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; Camp Pike. Sailed frojii
New York June 19; landed Liverpool July 1.
To Winchester; to Southampton; Cherbourg.
To St. Aignan; joined 2d Div. July 16 near
Soissons in attack on July 18 and 19; to Mar-
bach sector August 9 to 24; St. Mihiel Sep-
tember 12 to 16; to Base Hosp. No. 30 at
Clermont September 25 with influenza two
weeks; rejoined regt. October 25; at Meuse-
Argonne November 1 to 11; to Beaumont to
November 17; in Army of Occupation at Ben-
dorff to outpost thirty miles on other side of
the Rhine; at Puderback; to Brest. Sailed
July 23 on Princess ilatoka; landed New York
August 1. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out August 14. 1919.

REDD, AI.VIN B.
Sioux Rapids

Born July 1. 18',i2. Enl. April 14. 1917.
Baker Ist-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; to
New York; on receiving ship at Bay Ridge;
to U. S. S. Floridan; sailed on Floridan from
Brooklyn March 14; landed St. Nazaire: to
Hoboken; to St. Nazaire; to Brooklyn: to St.
Nazaire; to Hoboken: to Bordeaux; to Brook-
lyn— all on transport duty. Mustered out at
G. L. N. T. S. August 14, 1919.

REDD, EDWARD DEW^EY
Sioux Rapids

Born February 19, 1900. Enl. April 20. 1917.
Trained at G. L. N. T. S.: trans, to Ports-
mouth; to V. S. S. Texan; to U. S. S. Pennsyl-
vania: to U. S. S. North Dakota; to receiv-
ing ship at Norfolk; to Philadelphia; sailed
on English transport Olympic from Hoboken
June 23: to Southampton June 30; to Queens-
town: to Inverness Base No. 18; to U. S. S.
Brandenburg; to U. S. S. Louisville; to El
Oriente (2 trips from Hoboken to Bordeaux
and return); two trips from Newport News
to Brest and return; to Philadelphia. Mus-
tered out Septembe 25. 1919.

REDENBAUGH, SIANSON S.
Storm Iiake

Born January 17, 1896. Enl. May 17. 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 40th Replm. Regt. Engrs. Trained
at Washington Baracks; Camp Merritt. Sailed
September 1; landed Liverpool September 13.
To Winchester; Southampton; Cherbourg. To
Angers. Dijon, Celmen, Argonne and A'erdun
sector; in front lines two weeks; joined 90th
Div. on 11th of November: to Romagne; to

1 86

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Brest, Sailed January 5: landed New York
January 24. Mustered out February 14. 1919.
at Camp Dodge.

REDFIEIiS, J. MII.I.I:R

Newell

Born August 19, 1899. Enl, June 1, 1918.

Midshipman. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Class

of 1922, Trained at Annapolis; at Marion

Institute. Ala. Still in service at Annapolis.

REDING, ARCHIi: F.

Newell
Born April 5. 1895. Enl. July 22, 1918. In-
specting sgt, Co, B, No. 312 M. T, C, Trained
at Camp Mabray; had passed examination for
commission on November 11, but it was not
granted. Ten months foreign service. Landed
Brest. Stayed there short time and sent to
Bordeaux; at Motor Inspection Park where 15
of company passed 18,000 trucks and touring
cars; June IT he and 304 more of his unit were
transferred to Motor Park at St, Sulpice do-
ing transportation for Hdqrs, of Base Sec-
tion No, 2. July 22 was ordered to report to
U, S. for discharge. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge August 26, 1919.

REED, CI.ARENCE E.

Stonn Iiake
Born October 19, 1891. Enl, July 14. 1917.
Wagoner Co, D, 109th Amm, Train, 34th Div,
Trained at State Pair Grounds with Co, F,
Iowa Amm, Tr, Motor Section, July 23 to Sep-
tember 25; at Camp Cody 11 months in Co.
D, 109th Amm, Tr, 34th Div,; to Chicago;
with convoy of inotor trucks to Camp Rari-
tan; to Camp Dix, Sailed from Hoboken
on U. S, S, Olympic October 17; landed
Southampton October 24, To Cherbourg
October 26, To Bordeaux October 29 to June
10. 1919. in M. T. C, service. Sailed on U, S.
S, lowan June 10; landed Philadelphia June 22.
To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge, Mustered out
June 28, 1919,

REEDER, H, T.

Alts
Born July 31, 1890. Enl. August 2. 1918,
Pvt. 28th Co, 22d Office, Q, M, C, Trained at
Camp Johnston Ave months; to Camp Dodge,
After two weeks training at Camp Johnston
was trans, to 22d Training Co. Mustered out
January 11, 1919,

Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa, Mustered
out December 14, 1918,

REESE, HENRV E.

Alta
Born September 14, 1895. Enl, February 23,

1916, Musician Ist-cl, Trained at San Fran-
cisco for nve months; to Norfolk, Va,. Septem-
ber 8; on battleship Wyoming November 25,
1917; to Orkney Islands; joined British Fleet
and co-operated with British Fleet during
period of war; to Scotland; to England; was
with Allied Fleets when the German Imperial
Fleet surrendered; met the U. S. S. George
Washington with President Wilson on board
and escorted ship into Brest. Sailed from
Brest for U. S, December 14; landed New
York December 26, 1918, Enlistment expires
February 23, 1920,

REESE, JOHN E.
Nokoiuis Township
Born February 9, 1893, Enl, September 22,

1917, Sgt, Co. P, 316th Engrs, 91st Div.
Trained at Camp Lewis ten months; to Camp
Mills, Sailed from New York July 6 on Ar-
meck; landed Liverpool July 20, To France,
at St, Mihiel September 11 to 16; at Meuse-
Argonne .September 26; at 1st Station for
Army of Occupation; to Brussels; to St. Na-
zaire. Sailed April 6; landed Hoboken April
23. To Camp Merrit; to Ft. D, A, Russell,
Mustered out April 29. 1919, Received the
D, S, C for extraordinary heroism in action at
Audenarde, Belgium. November 1,

REESE, PETER W.

Alta
Born November 2. 1887. Enl. April 15, 1917.
Musician 2d-cl, Trained at San Francisco in
Naval Training Band for sixteen months; to
Columbia University six weeks; then promoted
to machinist's mate of the Ist-cl.; assigned to
Submarine Chaser No, 250; did patrol duty off
New England coast and convoy duty to trans-
port ships. Mustered out at Submarine Chaser
Base, New London, Conn.. March 31, 1919,

REESE, THOMAS FI.OYD
Ziinu Grove

Born December 23, 1S9X. Knl. September,

1918, Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena
Vista College, Storm Lake. Iowa, Mustered
out December 13, 1918,

REESE, ARTHUR FRANK

Iiinn Grove
Born September 2, 1899, Enl, October 11,
1918, Pvt. S, A, T, C. Trained at Buena

REFSI.AND, JOHN C.

Sioux Rapids
Born Nevember 18, 1888, Enl, July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. H, 316th Regt, 79th Div. Trained

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

187

at CamiJ Gordon. Sailed from Hoboken August
30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest Sep-
tember 12. To St. Georges two weeks; to' a
point near Verdun until October 20; into ac-
tion in Argonne Forest October 22 to Novem-
ber 8; affected by mustard gas and sent to
hosp. at Bordeaux November 11. Sailed

December 6 on Moui; landed New York De-
cember 17. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out January 21, 1919.

BEHNSTROM, ARTHUR R.

Scott Township
Born May 12, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Ist-cl. Co. L, 41st Div. Trained at Camp Gor-
don one month with Co. D, 4th Replm Regt.;
to Camp Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken
August 30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed
Brest September 12. To St. Georges; trans, to
Co. D, 41st Div.; trans, to Railway Transpor-
tation Corps at Miramas for four months; to
Camp Marseilles. Sailed June 16 on Italian
steamer America; landed Hoboken July 2. To
Camp Mills; to CamiJ Dodge. Mustered out
July 7, 1919.

REKNSTROM, REUBEN A.
Elk Township

Born February 26, 1897. Enl. September 5,
1918. Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. M, 87th Inf. 19th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge; engaged in demobili-
zation work at Camp Dodge. Mustered out
October 17, 1919.

REICHARDT, WUiSIER

Providence ToTvnship
Born March 23, 1900. Knl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista Col-
lege, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out Decem-
ber 13, 1918.

RICHTER, CARI.OS A.

Grant Township

Born May 10, 1890, Enl. August 26. 1918.
Sergeant to Major, 6th Div. Trained at Camp
Grant at Hdqrs. Suffered serious attack of
influenza. Mustered out September 28, 1919.

REIS, ARTHUR T.
Providence Township

Born December 23, 1887. Enl. July 18, 1918.
Pvt. Co. 78, 6th Regt. 2d Div. Marine Corps.
Trained at Paris Island. Sailed overseas, Octo-
ber 23; landed Brest. To Luxemburg in Army
of Occupation.

REYNOI.DS, JOHN FRANITLIN
Storm Iiake

Born January 18. 1885. Enl. May 14. 1917.
Captain Co. A, 504th Engrs. Trained at Ft.
Shelling in Officers' Training School; to Ft.
Leavenworth; to Camp Devens; to Camp Mer-
ritt, where he helped to organize the 504th
Engrs. Commissioned a 1st Lieut. July 5,
1917; promoted to Captain May 12. 1919. Sailed
from Camp Merritt November 25 on U. S. S.
transport Tenondores; landed St. Nazaire De-
cember 10. To Is-sur-Tille December 21; to
March 1; on leave to Ireland; to Is-sur-Tille
for trip along line of battle from Toul to
Verdun; through Argonne Forest; back through
St. Mihiel; l.-ft Is-sur-Tille May 2; to Le Mans;
to Brest. Sailed May 28 on President Grant;
landed Boston June 9. To Camp Devens; to
Camp Dodge, Mustered out July 17. 1919.

REYNOI.DS, WINCHESTER EN(tIi£BERT
Storm Itake

Born May 3, 1887. Enl. December 14, 1917.
1st Lieut. Co. B, 313th Engrs. 88th Div.
Trained at Ft. Snelling; to Camp Dodge; to
Camp Lee. Promoted from pvt. to master
engineer, to 2d Lieut., to 1st Lieut, Time in
service spent in training replacement troops
and later regular troops; at port of embarka-
tion when armistice was signed. Mustered
out January 28, 1919.

RICE, EVERETT E.

Hayes Township
Born December 29, 1895. Enl. December 4,
1917. Coxswain, U. S. Navy. Trained at G. L.
N. T. S. until March 1. 191S; sent to the U.
S. S. Commodore at Chicago for patrol duty;
to New York Navy Yard; trns. to the U. S.
S. Mongolia, attached until September 2, 1919;
one of hands was crushed and he was in hosp.
until trans, from Brooklyn Hosp. to Greys
Perry Hosp.; trans, to Philadelphia for duty at
Navy Yard; to G. L. N. T. S. Mustered out
October 10, 1919. Made 13 round trips to
France.

RICE, GEORGE BASII.
Storm Iiake

Born February 23, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Sgt. Co. A, 383d Inf. 96th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon: Camp Wadsworth. Mustered
out at Camp Dodge December 31, 1918.

RICE, NORMAN BERYI,
Storm Iiake
Born April 12, 1898. Enl. October 7, 1918.
Cadet S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista Col-
lege, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out Decem-
ber 13, 1918.

Nokomis Township

Ii flu- l;..l.ai
Nokomis Township

i-lanw <'l\«i.' kohl. Ill:
Newell

lliiyh ('(-(Iric Koherts
Storm Lake

Guy Thomas Uoberts
Storm Lake

Homer A. Roberts
Coon Township

Oren McKinley Roberts
Storm Lake

Fred J. Robinson
Storm Lake

Ralph W. Robinson Virgil Lewis Robinson

Storm Lake Alta

William S. Robinson
Storm Lake

Orville B. Rogers
Newell

Alexander N. Romstad Martin Francis Resell John D. Rosenhrook

Truesdale Sioux Rapids Storm Lake

Hawley Rose
Storm Lake

l\'nr Lewis llowlands
Alta

Ole A. Ru.sley
Sioux Rapids

Ralph 11. Ruth, iford
Storm Lake

Otto S. Rj-stad
Barnes Township

■

. «r^.3%^"'

■

Bf-^^P^P^ •

Samuel Rystad
Barnes Township

John K. Salton
Poland Township

Charles A, Samsel
Storm Lake

Ray Byron Samuels
Storm Lake

I go

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA MSTA COUXTY

RICHARDSON, HERBERT WESI.EY

Storm Iiafce

Born October 29, 18;i5. Enl. December 13.

1917. Sgt. 67th F. A. Med. Corps. Trained

at Ft. Riley. Mustered out Deconiber 31, 191s.

RIGDON, CI.IFFORS

Alta
Born September 7, 1897, Enl, June 7, 1918.
Seaman 2d-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; on
U. S. S. Haushon, S. P. 517. Mu.stered out at
New York April 18, 1919.

RIGDON, ROY

Alta
Born January 26, 1896, Enl, July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A, 312th Machine Gunner.s, 79th Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon with Co. C, 4th
Replm. Regt.; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from
New York August 29; landed Brest September
12. To St. Georges; to Verdun front; Geni-
court; to Gignacourt; to Denands; to Rima-
court; to Georges; to St. Nazaire. Sailed on
U. S. S. Te.xan May 15; landed Philadelphia
May 29. To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out June 11, 1919.

RILEY, DANIEI, A.
Xiincola Township

Born September 25, 1888, p:nl, October 8.
1917. Sgt. Co, D, 129th Regt, 33d Div. Trained
at Camp Grant; Camp Logan; Camp Upton.
Sailed from New York May 10 on U. S. S. Lov-
ington; landed Brest May 24. To Huppy Area;
to Eau training sector; June 21 to Amiens
lines with Australians; to right of Al-
bert six days; to Ronird Woods; to Moulin-ne-
Bois Woods; to Toul sector; to Trouville-en-
Barrois; September 5 to Verdun sector for
19 days; September 26 to Meuse-Argonne;
wounded in action September 27; to Souilly;
to Base Hosp. Xo. 202 Orleans; to Ettlebreck,
Luxemburg; to Brest, Sailed May 10 on Levia-
than; landed New York May 24. To Camp
Merritt; to Camp Grant. Mustered out June 9,
1919.

RII.EY, EDWARD J.
Iiincoln Township

Enl. December 2, 1917. Sgt. Ist-cl, Trained
at Camp Johnston; later trans, to Auxiliary
Remount Depot No. 333 and put in charge of
civilian employees in construction of camp;
appointed acting 1st sgt.. promoted to 1st
sgt. Received part of training at Quarter
Master School Camp Joseph E. Johnston;
recommended for OtHcers' Training Camp, Inf.
Branch, Camp Kearny. Mustered out March 8,
1919.

RINGBI.OM, C. T.
Fairfield Township

Born June 26, 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918. Sgt.
Inf. N. A. R. D. Replm. Co. No. 2. Trained
July 27 to October 6 at Camp Gordon; October
6 to December 15 at Camp Wheeler; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out December 21, 1918.

RISVOI.D, CARI. BERNARD

Barnes Township
Born January Id. 1894, Enl, July 29, 1918.
Musician, Engrs, Band. Hdqrs. Co. 212th Regt.
12th Div. Trained at Camp Forrest one month;
to Camp Devens from September 1 to February
1; to CamiJ Dodge. Mustered out February
8, 1919.

RISVOI.D, SEI.MER A.

Scott Township
Born June 25, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York Septem-
ber 1; landed Brest September 14. To St.
Georges; was in Argonne front from October
24 to November 4; wounded by machine gun
bullet and taken prisoner b>' the Germans;
released from German hosp. February 6, 1919,
Landed New York April 27. October 12. 1919,
still at Ft, Sheridan, U, S. Gen Hosp. No. 28,
and probably will be for several months.

ROBAR, CI.IFTON J.

Nokomis Township
Born August 29, 1893. Enl. May 13, 1918.
Pvt. Co. L. 56th Regt. 7th Div. Trained at
Camp MacArthur two months; to Camp Mer-
ritt. Sailed August 3 on Leviathan; landed
Brest August 11. Went into training at
Bragualin; one month in Lorraine sector until
armistice; to Manunville; to Maxie-Surcy; to
Le Mans; to Brest. Sailed on battleship Genza
June 16. landed Newport News June 27. To
Camp Dodge. Mustered out July 5, 1919.

ROBAR, GARRET D.

Nokomis Township
Born April 3, 1898. Enl. October 1, 1918.
.A.pp. seaman. Naval Reserve, Trained at
Madison. Wisconsin, three months. Mustered
out December 22, 1918.

ROBAR, IRENE (Nurse)
Nokomls Township
Born December 29, 1886. Enl. November 8,
1917. Nurse, Army Nurse Corps. Trained at
American Red Cross Military Hosp. No. 1,
Paris; at Base No. 66, Neuf Chateau, France.
Sailed from New York December 12, 1917;

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

191

landed Liverpool December 25. To London:
to Folkstone; to Boulogne December 29. To
Paris; to Neuf Chateau July IJ); to Chateau-
Thierry for work with 32d Div. Field Hos]).
No. 125 and Xo. 127; to Godoigne; to Reddie-
farm; to Coincy September 1; to Neuf Chateau
September 15; to St. Nazaire January 11.
Sailed from St. Nazaire February 6; landed
New York February 28. Released from serv-
ice March 5, 191!i.

BOBBINS, HARRY CI.YDE

Newell

Born May 13, ISlil. Knl. February 25, 1918.
Pvt. Batt. B, 304th F. A. 77th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Upton. Sailed from
New York April 24 on S. S. Leviathan; landed
Brest May 2. To Bordeaux for training from
May 10 to July 10; to Baccarat sector July
12 for 30 days; to Chateau-Thierry from July
16 to September 26; to Meuse-Argonne from
September 26 to November 11; to Le Mans; to
Brest. Sailed April 24; landed New Y'ork,
made trip on U. S. S. Agamemnon, May 2, 1919.
Mustered out May 26, 1919.

ROBERTS, KUGK CEDRIC

Storm Iiake
Born July 16, 1898. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Pvt. Field Artillery, Batt. 8 Obs. OfHcer-s'
Training School. Trained at Camp Taylor.
Mustered out December 5, 1918.

ROBERTS, GUY THOMAS

Storm I^ake

Born May 10, 1900. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Iowa State Col-
lege. Mustered out December 17, 1918.

ROBERTS, HOMER A.

Coon Township

Born December 2, ISinl. Eul. September 5.
1918. Pvt. 4th Co. 13th Replm. Battalion.
Trained at Camp Dodge until September 19; at
Camp Pike until December 9. Mustered out
at Camp Pike December 9, 1918.

ROBERTS, OREN McKINIiEY
Storm Iialce

Born May 18, 1897. Enl. July 27, 1918. D.
M. M. A. 2d Regt. Trained at G. L. N. T. S.;
received greater part of training at Camp
Dewey, Groat Lakes. Released December 23,
1918.

ROBINSON, FRED J.

Storm liake
Born December 22, 1897. Enl. April 8, 1917.
Pvt. Co. M, 168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained at

Cherokee, Iowa; State Fair Grounds; to Camp
Mills. Sailed from New York October 18; re-
turned to LT. S. October 28; sailed again on
November 14; landed Liverpool. To \Yin-
chester; to Southampton; to Le Havre. To
Rimaucourt; to Langres; entered line at Bac-
carat in Luneville sector February 21. 1918;
wounded in action March 9 by machine-gun
bullet through arm; to French Hosp. No. 214
8 days; to Base Hosi3. No. 31 seven days; to
lines at Baccarat; to Champagne .July l-l.S;
gassed and taken to Hosp. No. 15 at Chaumont
for 17 days; back to company at Chateau-
Thierry; to St. Mihiel September 12; to Ar-
gonne October 12; to Sedan November 9; in
line when armistice was signed; with Army of
Occupation at Niederzissen, Germany, Decem-
l5i:-r 16 to Marcli 6; to Niederbreisig; to Brest.
Sailed on Leviathan April 18; landed New
York April 26. To Camp Upton; to Camp
Dodge. Wlas decorated in France with croix
de guerre. Mustered out May 17, 1919.

ROBINSON, RAI.FH W.

Storm Ifalie
Born May 31, 1901. Enl. March 18, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. 14th Regt. unassigned. Trained
at Ft. Logan and Ft. Sill.

ROBINSON, VIRGII. I.EWIS

Alta
Born March 15, 1898. Enl. July 10. 1917.
Carpenter's mate 2d-cl. Trained at G. L. N.
T. S. ; after three months of seaman train-
ing toolf up radio work until March. 1918;
then took up carpenter work; left G. L. N. T. S.
October 16 for Morehead City, N. C, to con-
truct a naval air station; January 15 ordered
to Norfolk; to receiving ship; went aboard
V. S. S. New Hampshire May 7 for transport
duty. Sailed for Brest May 20; started back
June 10 with 1200 troops; arrived Norfolk
June 21. On June 23 sailed for Philadelphia
Navy Yard for repairs which were in course
of completion when this record was compiled.

ROBINSON, WIIiI-IAM S.

Storm Iiake
Born October 25, 1896. Enl. July 18, 1918.
Fireman 3d-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. Mus-
tered out January 17. 1919.

ROGERS, ORVII.IiE B.

Newell

Born March 13, 1897. Enl. October 11, 1918.
Pvt. Chemical Warfare Service. Trained at
American University Exp. Station; was in Gas
Mask Research Section of Research Div.; was
commended by Major A. C. Fielder for services
in poisonous gas research. Mustered out
December 16, 1918.

1 92

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ROMSTAD, ai.i:xani>i:r n.

Truesdale

Born April 30. ISilS. Enl. February 26, 1918.
Corp. on Detached Service. Trained at Camp
Dodge with 33d Regt. Engrs.; at Camp Deven.s
four months. Sailed June 30 on Calamorces;
landed Brest July 12. To Rimacourt one
month; to Bazoilles two months; to Neuf
Chateau two months; to Alongves six months;
to Brest. Sailed June 21 on U. S. S. Montana;
landed Brooklyn June 30, 1919. To Camp Mer-
ritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out July 7,
1919.

ROSE!.!., MARTIN FRANCIS

Sioux Rapids
Born March 10, 1892. Enl. September 4,
1918. Corp Co. C, 57th Inf. 40th Div. Trained
at Camp Wadsworth. Was overseas; saw ac-
tive" service; was gassed; seven months over-
seas service. Mustered out April 28. 1919.

ROWIiANSS, IVOR LEVTZS

Alta
Born May 13, 1899. Enl. May 10, 1918. Sgt.
Co. 5. Signal Corps, Aviation Section. Trained
at Ft. Logan; at Kelly Field; at Garden City,
N. Y. Sailed October 27 from New York;
landed Liverpool November 8. At rest camp
Knotty Ash; to Codford; to the Langnure Aero-
dcmie 35 Eaton Place, London; assigned to work
on wrecking crew at Port Junction Flying
Field. Sailed for U. S. November 22 on Lap-
land; landed New Y'ork December 3. Mustered
out December 20, 1918.

RUSI-EY, OI.I: A.

Sioux Rapids

Born May 22, 1891. Enl. September 19, 1917.

2d Lieut. Inf. U. S. A. with Co. A, 10th Bn.

I. R. C. Trained at Camp Dodge. Mustered

out December 7, 1918.

ROSENBROOK, JOHN D.

Storm Iiake
Born June 13, 1895. Enl. April 26, 1918.
Corp. Co. M, 359th Inf. SSth Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp Upton. Sailed from
New York Augu.st 9 on Olympic; landed South-
ampton August 16. To Le Havre, October 18.
To Alsace-Lorraine front seven days before
company moved up: did guard duty at Hecken;
near Metz at time of armistice; in spring of
1919 filled trenches in France. Sailed from
St. Nazaire May 19; landed New York May 30.
To Camp Merritt. Mustered out at Camp Dodge
June 11. 1919.

ROSENE, NEI.S IVI.
Marathon
Born November 1. 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. C, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon until August 25. Sailed from
New York September 1 on U. S. S. Plattsburg;
landed Brest September 12. To St. Georges
until October 1; to Verdun sector October 25;
took over trenches October 27; in Argonne
AVoods until armistice; to Etray November 13
to December 7; to Base Hosp. No. 115; left
Hosp. January 26; to Casual camp at St.
Aignan; to Brest. Sailed on U. S. S. Hunting-
ton March 12; landed New York March 23. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
April 2, 1919.

ROWE, HAWI.EY
Stonu I>ake

Born August 22, 1890. Enl. September 19,
1917. Sgt. to Major, Auxiliary Remount No.
322. Q. M. C. Trained at Camp Dodge 18
months. Mustered out March 17, 1919,

RITWE, GEORGE H.

Marathon
Born January 14, 1897. Enl. April 30, 1918.
Pvt. Dental Co. No. 1, Medical Enlisted Re-
serve Corps, Med. Corps. Trained Camp
Greenleaf; at Ft. Oglethorpe. Mustered out
December 16. 1918.

SUWE, HEI7RY H. 33,.
Marathon
Bern January 5, 1899. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained in S. A. T. C. Band
Iowa State University. Mustered out Decem-
ber 13, 1918.

RUTHERFORD, RAIiFH R.
Stonu Iiake

Born September 8, 1896. Enl. June 25, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. Co. 168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained
at Cherokee, Iowa; at State Fair Grounds; to
Camp Mills. Sailed on U. S. S. President Grant
October 18, 1917; returned to Port October 28;
re-embarked November 24 on English ship
Celtic; landed Liverpool. To Winchester; to
Le Havre. To Rimacourt; to Langres; to
Baccarat; to Lorraine front; to Champagne
front July 15 to 20; at Chateau-Thierry July
20 to August 5; to St. Mihiel September 12 to
26; in battle of Argonne October 12; to Lune-
ville front; wounded; to hosp.; returned within
four weeks to company. Mustered out April
26, 1919.

RYSTAD, OTTO S.

Barnes Township
Born November 9, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Hda. Co. 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA MSTA COUNTY

193

at Camp Gordon until August 27. Sailed
from Hoboken August 30 on U. S. S. Platts-
burg; landed Brest September 12. To St.
Georges September 19 to October 2; to avia-
tion camp near Verdun sector until October 27;
joined 79th Div. and went to Meuse sector of
Verdun front; October 29 in offensive at Ver-
dun, there until November 11; held line until
December 27; to Heippes December 27;
to Orquavaux by march, arrived April 2, re-
mained there until May 2; to Clisson; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed May 16 on U. S. S. Texan;
landed Philadelphia May 29. To Camp Dix;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 10, 1919.

RYSTAD, SAMUEI.
Barnes Township
Born November S, 1S97. Kill. .July 29. 191S.
Pvt. in 128th Engrs. Trained at Camp For-
rest two months; transferred to casual outfit
and sent to Camp Upton. Sailed from New
York on U. S, S. George Washington Septem-
ber 30; landed Brest October 13. To Angers
training camp October 25 to November 3; to
Giavis; to Issoudun from time of armistice
until April 29, 1919; to Ordy; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed June 30 on Henderson; landed New York
July 12. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 21. 1919.

SAIiTON, JOHN B.

Poland Township
Born October 7, 1894. Knl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt., unassigned, in Inf. Trained at Camp Gor-
don until October 20 in Replm. Co. and Non-
commissioned Officers' School; at Camp
Wheeler from October 21 until December 15.
Mustered out December 21, 1918.

SAMSEI., CHABI.es a.

Stonn liake

Born January 22. ISSS. Enl. Jum- 24, 191s.
Pvt. Co. I, 349th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; at Camp Upton. Sailed from
Hoboken August 9 on Olympic; landed South-
ampton August 16. To Le Havre August 19.
To Corrombles: to Les Laummes: to Belfort
September 18; to Mennecourt; to trenches
October 2 to 28; to Reppe Offermont; to Bel-
fort; to Bernecourt; to Minorville; to Lu
Horgue: December 1 to Reffry; May S to De
Mange; to La Souge; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
May 19 on Ryndhani; landed Hoboken May 30.
To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out June 11. 1919.

samuei-s, bay bybon

Stomi liake

Born December 23, 1888. Enl. April 9, 1918.
Sgt. 17th Bn. Replm. Depot. F. A., later in 8th

Corps Artillery Park, 9(lth Division. Trained
at Wisconsin State University Vocational
School two months; to Camp Jackson: to Camp
Wadsworth in 8th Corps Artillery Park, 96th
Div. until December 6; transferred to Salvage
Div. Mustered out February fi, 1919.

SAMUEI.SON, EDGAB MAGNUS

Ne'well
Born December 25, 1898. Enl. January 23,
1919. Seaman, 8th Co. Elec. School. Trained
at Hampton Roads, Va., at Naval Operating
Base. Enlisted for four years.

SAND, ATTGUST LEVIN
Sioux Bapids

Born May 25, 1892. Enl. September 20,
1917. Pvt. Hdq. Co. 315th Kegt. 79th Div.
Trained at Camp Cody. Was with the 79th
Div. at Verdun from late in September to
November 11, under shell Are all the time.
Mustered out October 13. 1919.

SANSTEDT, HABBY A.
Fairfield Township

Born February 21, 1S9;!. I'^nl. .\pril 25, 1918.
Pvt. Machine Gun Co. 338th M. G. Bn. 88th
Div. Trained at Camp Dodge; at Camp Upton.
Sailed from New York Aug. 6 on Kashmir;
landed Liverpool August 24. To Winchester;
to Southampton; to Cherbourg. To Belfort; to
front lines In Alsace sector October 5 for 14
days; to Bessencourt; to Toul; near Metz when
armistice was signed; to Gondrecourt area;
to St. Nazaire. Sailed on Netherlands; landed
Newport News June 9. To Camp Hill; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 15, 1919.

SANSTEDT, OBVILLE E.
rairfleld Township

Born July 18, 1895. Enl. September 19. 1917.
Pvt. Co. G, 38th Inf. 3d Div. Trained at Camp
Dodge; at Camp Pike; to Camp Merritt
Sailed on Anselin June 19; landed Liverpool
July 1. To Southampton; to France July 5. To
St. Aignan; to Montsmard; to St. Engenewe
Woods where he joined 38th Inf. July 18, while
in front lines; to Maizy; to Fismes August 1
holding trenches; to Maizy; to Mondicourt;
through Toul to St. Mihiel for attack Septem-
ber 12 about 15 days; in Argonne; with Army
of Occupation; to Brest. Sailed August 6;
landed Hoboken August 23. To Camp Merritt;
to Camp Dodge. Mustered out August 29,
1919.

SCHMIDT, CHBISTIAN M,
Newell

Born January 5, 1889. Enl. June 25, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B. Inf. Trained at Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out Jul5- 11, 1918.

Avigiist Levin Sand
Sioux Rapids

Albert 11. tfclimitt
Maple Valley Township

Rufus F. Schofield
Newell

Henry Scliramm
Coon Township

Carl Schultz
Brooke Township

John Earl Schwarz
Storm Lake

Ida May Schweitzer
Storm Lake

Louis C. Schweitzer
Hayes Township

-%-^m

JuM

AVilliam F. Scliweitzer

George F. Scott

Lloyd T. Scott

Roy U. Sliaefter

Hayes Township

Nokomis Township

Storm Lake

L'liaiies M. Stiaffer
Lee Township

Bert B. Shannon
Storm Lake

.Inlin I., Shaniuin
Storm Lake

Aubrev DeLoss ShauU
Storm Lake

James Kenneth Shaull
Storm Lake

Cliarles A. Shewell
Storm Lake

Victor B. Shirk
Linn Grove

Charles Everett Shoemaker
Lee Township

Carl S. Sholander Albert Oren Siefken

Elk Township Rembrandt

Carl Hobert Siefkin
Barnes Township

Paul Slevers
Grant Township

196

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

SCHMITT, AI.BEBT B.

Maple Valley Township
Born December 11, 18S0. Enl. September 20.
1917. Sgt. Quarter Master Corp.s, Reclama-
tion Co. Trained at Camp Dodge with Co. A.
350th Inf. 88th Div.; at Camp Pike with 347th
Inf. S7th Div.. later transferred to Military
Police; to Q. M. C; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out March 5, 1919.

SCHRAMM, KENRV
Coon Township
Born March 30, 1894. Enl. April 2. 1918.
Pvt. Hdq. Troop, 3d Army Corps, veteran
corps of the A. E. P. Trained at Camp Dodge
and Camp Mills. Sailed June 4 on Tennyson
from Brooklyn: landed London June 21. To
Winchester; to Soutliampton; crossed chan-
nel June 25; landed Le Havre June 26. To
Bains-les-Bains. joined the 3d Army Corps;
to Remiremont; to Meaux July 14. to take
part in the Aisne-Marne battle; operated under
French at Soissons offensive; was in tliree
major offensi\-es: Aisne-Marne, Oise and
Meuse-Argonne; on Verdun sector Seiitember
10 to 26; at Romagne when armistice was
signed; to Dun-sur-Meuse; to Longuyon; to
Longwy; to Luxemburg; to Linster; Echite-
mach; to Kilburg; to Daun; to Polch; to
Noiiwied December 15 to July 15, with Army rf
Occupation; to Aix-la-Chapelle; to Liege; to
Xamur; to Charleroi; to Amiens; to Rouen; to
Le Mans: to Rennes; to Brest. Sailed on
Finland July 24; landed Hoboken August 4.
To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out August 13, 1919.

SCKUI.TZ, CAB£

Brooke Township
Born December 4, 1895. Enl. May 26. 1918.
Corp. Co. A, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge t^vo and one-half months; to
Camp Mills. Sailed from New York August
14; landed Liverpool August 28. To Gendi-
court. Was at Gendicourt five months; to
Brest. Sailed May 20 on Konicicus; landed
Newport News June 3. To Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out June 13, 1919.

SCHWARTZ, JOHN EARI.

Storm Iiabe

Born July 15, 1893. Enl. June 17, 1918.
2d Lieut. Batt. F. 38th Art. C. A. C. Trained
at Ft. Monroe; to Ft. Adams; to Camp Abra-
ham Eustis; to Camp Stewart; to Ft. Wads-
worth; to Ft. Hamilton. Mustered out Decem-
ber 19, 1918.

SCHWEITZER, IDA MAY (Nurse)
storm I^ake

Born January 14. 1893. Enl. March 25, 1918.
Nurse, U. S. A. N. C. Trained at Camp Devens.
Sailed from New York July 29 on S. S. Wilmer
Castle; landed Liverpool. To Southampton;
crossed the Channel to Le Havre. To Paris;
to Camp Man-sur-Allser; Base Hosp. Center
No. 14 for six months: to Base Hosp. No. 103
six months; to Brest. Sailed July 14 on Rot-
terdam; landed Hoboken July 22. Released,
but subject to call, July 22, 1919.

SCHV^EITZER, I.OUIS C.
Hayes Township

Born May 13, 1891. Enl. July 25, 1918.
Pvt. Casual Co. No. 1349. Trained at Camp
Gordon two and one-half weeks; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed overseas. Was in the same
casual comjjany all the time. Mustered out
May 1. 1919, at Camp Dndge.

SCHWEITZER, W^ILLIAM P.

Hayes Township
Born July 22, 1897. Enl. August 26, 1917.
Pvt. 109tH Supply Train. Trained at Camp
Cody ten months; transferred to Q. M. Supply
Train: to Detroit. Michigan: did convo>' work to
Baltimore one month; one trip from Cleve-
land, Ohio, to New York; to Camp Dix one
month. Sailed from Hoboken with 109th Sup-
ply Train; landed Southampton. Did convoy
work out of St. Nazaire; to Le Mans; to Cob-
lenz from St Nazaire for nine months. Sailed
on S. S. DeKalb from St. Nazaire; landed
Newijort News. To Canip Dodge.

SCHOFIEZ.D, RITFTTS S.

Newell
Born December 17, 18;i2. Enl. February 24,
1918. Cook Co. K, 139th Inf. 35th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; at Camp Douglas. Sailed
from New York on City of Brisbane April 26:
landed England. To France. In British re-
serve back of firing line in Belgium two
months; to Alsace-Lorraine, held front lines
from July 18 to August 18, without relief,
under heavy shell Are daily; to St. Mihiel
drive; taken to hosp. September 12; was on
duty there cooking for 825 sick and wounded
patients until February; sent back to his co.
at Le Mans; after two weeks inspection of
men and equipment was sent to St. Nazaire.
.Sailed on V. S. S. Matsonia April 13; landed
Newport News April 24, 1919. Mustered out
May 5, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Kj;

SCOFIEIiD, VTARBEN S.
Storm Ziake

Born Septembur 1:;, ls:in. Kill. Aijril 7, 11117.
Cook. Supply Co. 133d Inf. 34th Div. Trained:
Enlisted at Cherokee; to Camp Cody: to Camp
Dix. Sailed from New York October 12 on
English ship Taltshabis; landed Breckenridge,
England. To Codford; to Southampton; to
Le Havre. To Le Mans; to Brest. Sailed
for U. S. on Leviathan June 28; landed New
York July 8. To Camp Merritt; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out July 15, 1919.

SCOTT, GEORGE F.

Nokonils Township
Born May 3, 189G. Knl. October 27. 1917.
Chauffeur. Air Service. Trained: Enl. at Sioux
City and trained there for three and one-half
months; to Camp Morrison. Sailed June 29
on S. S. America; landed Brest July 14. To
Court Coteciuidan until August 2G; to Toul;
to St. Mihiel sector; to Argonne front, ad-
vanced to front until armistice; to Consences
billets; remained at billets until February 10;
to Column Bey; to La Belle; February 22 to
Crevan; through Gennicourt Camp. Sailed
April 20 on Susiiuehanna; landed Newport
News May 3. To Camp Stewart; to Camp
Lee; to Camp r>odge. Mustered out May
15. 1919.

SCOTT, LLOYD T.

Nokoiuis To-nrnship
Born September 8, 1889. Enl. June 6, 1916.
Corp. Co. M, 168th Inf. 42d Div. Trained at
Camp Hyatt; at State Fair Grounds; served
on border nine months; to Camp Mills. Dis-
charged at Camp Mills, just before 168th
sailed for France. Honorable discharge
granted by reason of disability, October 21,
1917.

SHAEFFER, ROY U.

Stonu Lake

Born June 22. 1899. Enl. March 22, 1918.

Pvt. Artillery. Trained at Ft. Logan; sent

back to Sioux City. Mustered out April 12,

1918.

SHAFFER, CHARLES M.
Lee Township

Born August 14, 1893. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Machine Gun Co. 316th Inf. 79th
Div. Trained at Camp Gordon until August
26. Sailed from Hoboken on U. S. S. Platts-
burg August 30; landed Brest September 12.
To St. Georges until October 2; to aviation
camp in Verdun sector October 29, In offen-
sive 14 hours; taken prisoner by Germans and
held in prison camp until November 14; re-
leased and returned to Casual Co. near Ver-
dun. Joined rcKimcnt December 5. 191.S. at

lleville; and put into M. G. Co. Sailed from
.St. Nazaire on U. S. S. Texas May 16; landed
Philadelphia May 29. To Camp Dix; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out .lune 1(), 1919.

SHANirON, BERT B.

Storm Lake
Born April 16, 1893. Enl. May 13, 1918.
Seaman. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. Sailed from
Hoboken June 15, 1918; arrived Brest June 21.
Located at Pouillac at U. S. Naval Air Sta-
tion, a supply station for all naval stations
in lOurope; planes were shijiped to this sta-
tion and assembled. Sailed January 12 on re-
turn to Pelliam Park, New York. Mustered
out February 14, 1919.

SHANNON, JOHN L.
Storm Lake

Born July 26, 18S2. Enl. June 24. 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. Co. 33d Inf. Trained at Ft.
Logan until July 10; to Camp Nichols until
August 15; at Gatun (Canal Zone) from
August 22 to February 24; acted as locks
guard and did patrol duty. Mustered out at
Cristobal. Canal Zone, February 24, 1919.

SHARP, LOU B.

Storm Lake
Born May 31, 1887. Enl. April 22, 1914.
1st Lieut. Co. K, 133d Regt. 24th Division.
Trained at Camp Cody and Ft. Baird. Pro-
moted to sgt. July 1, 1916; to 2d Lieut. Octo-
ber 5, 1917; to 1st Lieut, .hinc 19, 1918. Mus-
tered out January, 1919.

SHAULL, AUBREY DE LOSS
Storm Lake

Born July 30, 1895. Enl. July 14, 1917.
Corp. Co. B, 109th Ammunition Train, 34th
Div. Trained at Des Moines; at Camp Cody.
Sailed from New York on H. M. S. Olympic
October 17, 1918. landed Southampton Octo-
ber 24, 1918. To Southampton; to Cherbourg.
To Camp De Soughe two months; to Camp
St. Sulpice six months. Sailed from Bor-
deaux June 10 on U. S. S. lowan; landed Phila-
delphia June 22. Mustered out at Camp Dodge
June 28, 1919.

SHAULL, JAMES KENNETH
Storm Lake

Born June 15, 1890. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Corp. Co. C, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mustered out January 9, 1919.

SHELLEY, BOONE R.
Storm Lake

Born August 22, 1891. Enl. August 22, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon; ordered to Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out Januar.y 9, 1919.

Tiieodore Sievers
Newell

Ivan W. Sihrr
Poland Township

Niels K. H. Simonsen Marten A. Skibsted

Newell Newell

Brisbin Skilos
Rembrandt

Ingolf Skogsto
Sioux Rapids

Sidney Slagle
Storm Lake

Benjamin H. Smith
Sioux Rapids

Carleton B. Smith
Storm Lake

Gilbert G. Smith
Sioux Rapids

Rev. James A. Smith
Sioux Rapids

Kenneth M. Smith
Storm Lake

Ora F. Smith
Poland Township

Paul Matliias Smith William McKinley Smith Itobert M. Smoot

Sioux Rapids Sioux Rapids Storm Lake

Joseph Paul Sohni James Sondergaard Waldemar Sundergaard William F. Soilu

Storm Lake Newell Newell Lincoln Townshij)

Anton Sorenson
Newell

Helmer Ludvic Sorenson
Alta

Walter L. Spooner
Storm Lake

Amos C. Sprecher
Storm Lake

200 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUNTY

SHEWE!.!., CHARZiES A.
Storm I^ake

Born April 22, 1893. Enl. December 8, 1917.
Pvt. Co. H, A. M. O. R. S. Trained at
Camp Grant three months; at Camp Hancock
four months; to Camp Mills. Sailed from
Hoboken July 9 on Mt. Vernon; landed Brest
July 18. To Limoges; billeted in monastery
two months; to Verdun defensive September
26 to October 16; to Meuse-Argonne until No-
vember 25; to Verdun sector two weeks; to
Rehon; to Jarny; to Vintun until 16th of
May; to Issen to pick up trucks and drive
them to St. Nazaire; to Gievres with con-
voy of trucks; to St. Nazaire. Sailed on U.
S. S. Scranton July 6; landed Brooklyn July
18. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Sherman.
Mustered out July 25. 1919.

SHIRK, VICTOB B.

I^inu Grove

Born April 12, 1898. Enl. March 27, 1918.
Pvt. M. G. Co B, 52d Regt. 18th Div. Trained
at Camp Travis. Mustered out February 15,
1919.

SHOEMAKER, CRARI.ES EVERETT
Iiee Townslilp

Born December 6, 1895. Enl. July 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. B, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon four weeks. Sailed from Hobo-
ken August 30; landed Brest September 12.
Served in action at Verdun front at edge
of Argonne Forest; slightly wounded; while in
action which began October 26 and continued
for seven days, he received wounds in right
thigh and knee also in left side, while lying
wounded was taken prisoner by the Germans
November 4, released December 1; returned
to France and was cared for at different
hospitals. Sailed for U. S. April 21, 1919;
landed New York April 29, 1919. Mustered
out May 26, 1919.

SHOI.ANDER, CARI, S.

Elk Township
Born March 27, 1891. Enl. July 29, 1918.
Pvt. 50th Co. 20th Engrs. Trained at Camp
Forrest, until December 26. Mustered out at
Camp Dodge January 6, 1919.

SIEFKEN, AI,BERT OREN

Rembrandt

Born July 13, 1894. Enl June 26, 1918. Pvt.
Ist-cl. Co. C, 1st Army M. P. Bn. Trained at
Camp Dodge; at Camp Mills; took train to
Quebec. Went aboard English ship Demos-
thenes; sailed down St. Law^rence River to Gulf

of St. Lawrence; to Camp Breton. N. S. Sailed
with convoy of 14 ships carrying 88th Div. men
on August 12 from New York; landed Liver-
pool August 31. To Knotty Ash; to South-
ampton; to Le Havre September 5. to
Semur; to Haricourt; in Alsace sector in Co.
A. 313th M. P. 88th Div.; transferred to Co.
C, 1st Army M. P. Bn.; September 24 moved
near Verdun; to Argonne; to Varennes; to
Autry at time of armistice; to Bar, on duty
with 1st Army Hdqrs.; to Coblenz; to Meunahr
until June 2; to Le Mans; to Brest. Sailed
in U. S. S. Louisville June 29; landed Hobo-
ken July 7. To Camp Mills; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 14, 1919.

SIEFKEN, CARI. HOBART

Barnes Township
Born March 21, 1897. Enl. August 12, 1918.
Radio operator, U. S. N. R. F. Trained at
U. S. Naval Radio School, Harvard University.
First training at Dunwoody Institute until
October 31; to Harvard University until Feb-
ruary 13. Mustered out February 13 at Cam-
bridge. Mass.

SIEVERS, FAUI.
Grant Township

Born May 12, 1897. Enl. September 5, 1918.
Pvt. 3d Bn. 163d D. B. Trained at Camp
Dodge; Camp Cody. Mustered out at Camp
Dodge December 20, 1918.

SIEVERS, THEODORE

Newell
Born June 9, 1896. Enl. August 14, 1918.
Corp. Ambulance Unit No. 62, Med Corps.
Trained at Ames Training Detach.; Camp
Crane. Mustered out March 1, 1919.

SII.VER, IVAN W.
Poland To'wnship
Born March 1, 1897. Enl. July 17, 1916.
Pvt. Batt. A, 8th or 53d C. A. C. of the Regular
Army. Trained at Jefferson Barracks until
August 20, 1916; to Ft. Howard until Feb-
ruary 25, 1917; to Fisherman's Island, Vir-
ginia, until July 10; returned to Ft. Howard ; to
Ft. Adams. Sailed from New York on Pamonia
August 23; landed Liverpool Aug. 31. To South-
ampton; to Le Havre in September. At Camp
Mailley from September. 1917, to March, 1918;
to Champagne front from March until April
10; to Toul sector; to Verdun sector May 15
to June 15; to R. R. Artillery Hdqrs. until
February. 1919; to Bordeaux. Sailed May 5 on
Arizona; landed New York IMay 21. To Camp
Mills; given si.\ty-day furlough. Period of
enlistment not expired when this record was
compiled.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

20I

SIMONSEN, NIEI-S K. H.
Newell

Born Xovembi'i- 2G. is'.r2. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. 45th Co. 20th Engrs. Trained at
American University. Sailed from Ne^v Yorl^
May 10; landed Brest May 23, sailed on U. S.
S. President Lincoln, which was sunk on the
homeward bound voyage. Detailed immediately
back of Verdun sector; to Rennes for railroad
and sawmill construction; did same work in
Alsace-Lorraine. Sailed from Bordeaux on S.
S. Luckenbach May 17; landed New York June
1, Mu.stered out July \). 1919.

SKIBSTED, MARTIN A.

Newell
Born January IS, IS'.il. F^nl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. H, 129th Inf. 33d Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed from New York on
U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest September
12. To Le Mans; to St. Miliicl front from
October 18 to November 11; on front lines
four days; over top in one big engagement;
left outfit at Luxemburg; to Hosp. No. 60 — bad
arches and lung trouble; to St. Nazaire; to
Brest. Sailed on U. S. S. Leviathan February
5, landed New York February 12. Mustered
out February 25, 1919.

SKrLES, BBISBIN

Rembrandt
Born February 6, 1893. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 7th Inf. 3d Div. Trained: Co C,
4th Replm. at Camp Gordon. Sailed from U.
S. August 30; landed Brest Scptemlier 12.
Joined 3d Div. Oct. 29; served in defensive
sector. Second Army Area October 29 to No-
vember 11; with Army of Occupation Decem-
ber 1 to August 10, 1919. Mustered out
August 27, 1919.

SKOGSTO, IN&OI.F

Sioux Rapids

Born September 11, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Trained at Camp Gordon. Pvt. Co. C, 4th
Replm. Regt. Mustered out December 7. 1918.

SI.AGI.E, SIDNEY
Storm Iiake
Born October 6, 1896. Enl. July 12, 1918.
Has remainder of four yeai-s to serve in U. S.
N. R. F., Aviation Corps, before receiving
discharge. Trained: Went through detention
with Co. 579, 14th Regt., at Camp Boone, G. L.
N. T. S. Transferred to following companies
in the 15th Regt. at New Aviation Camp:
Co. P, Co. N. Co, A, these being companies

under instruction on aviation motors, includ-
ing the Liberty Twelve. Released from duty
December 24, 1918.

SMITH, BENJAMIN H.
Siouz Rapids

Born April 16, 1889. Enl. June 5, 1917. 2d
Lieut. 112th Hdqrs. M. P. Vet. Corps, 37th
Div. Trained at Camp Perry June 5 to Septem-
ber 5. 1917; Camp Sheridan September 10 to
June 12, 1918. Sailed on Australian ship
Lester June 28; landed Liverpool. To Le Havre,
July 12. To Burmont; to Lorraine sector July
25 to September 1; to Meuse-Argonne offensive
September 25 to October 9; to Thiaucourt in
the St. Mihiel sector October 10 to 18; to St.
Julian October 22; participated in offensive at
Ypres-Lys from October 26 to November 11;
h-ft Div. February 22 and went to St. Aignan
until March 17; transferred to 21st F. A. at
Dedenlange, Luxemburg, until April 29; trans-
ferred to 313th Sanitary Train. Sailed from
St. Nazaire May 22 on Queen of Nether-
lands; landed Newport News June 4, 1919.
Mustered out at Camp Grant July 1, 1919.

SMITH, CARIETON B.

Storm Iiake
Born June 15, 1895. Enl. August 2, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. 22d Ordnance Guard. Trained at
Syracuse. N. Y.. six weeks; to Portsmouth, at
ammunition base on guard duty. Mustered
out March 12, 1919.

SMITH, GII.BERT G.

Sioux Rapids

Born April 16, lS8;i. Enl. June 6, 1917.
Signalman, Ist-cl. Marines. Trained at Mare
Island until August 25; to Naval Station at
San Diego until December 21; boarded U. S. S.
Cincinnati December 21. did guard duty patrol-
ling coast along Central America until Febru-
ary 8, 1918; through Panama Canal Zone to
Bahia. Brazil; patrolled South American coast
off Bahia until May 25; to Rio de Janeiro for
month's patrol duty; returned to Virgin Islands
July 3; to Key West to join American Patrol
Detach.; to Charleston October 5; to Tampa,
Florida; patrolling coast of Cuba and entered
Havana Harbor February, 1919; to New Orleans
March 22; transferred from ship to barracks
at New Orleans March 23 to July 14, 1919.
Died in the Naval Hosp. at Ft. Lyons. Novem-
ber 26. 1919.

(Word was received just before going to
press that Gilbert G. Smith died at Naval
Hospital at Ft. Lyons, November 26.)

202 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

SMITH, REV. JAMES A.
Sioux Rapids

Born July 12, 1890. Knl. March 17, 1918.
Army Divisional Chaplain. Served on Board
of Examiners who investigated cases of con-
scientious objectors: also chief assistant chief
psychological examinations. Trained at Camp
Dodge and Camp Fremont. Promoted from
brigade chaplain to divisional chaplain. Sailed
from Hoboken October 2S: landed Brest No-
vember 9. To Jouzac; to St. Gensis; to Put-
tanezen; poisoned November 30; sent to
Officers' Casual Camp at Brest; to Naval Ba.se
Ho.sp. No. 1 December 20; operated upon for
appendicitis December 21. Sailed on XJ. S. S.
President Grant January 4 from Brest: landed
Hoboken January 18 Sent to Hosp. at Ellis
Island; to Base Hosp. at Ft. Des Moines. Mus-
tered out February 18. 1919.

SMITH, KENNETH M.
Storm Iiake

Born March 18, 1892. Enl. August 27, 1917.
1st Lieut. Inf. Transport Engineers. Trained
at Ft. Snelling, in 2d Reserve Officers Training
School, commissioned 1st Lieut, of Inf.: to
Camp Dodge in 163d D. B.; to Co. C. 313th
Supply Train; Division Exchange Officer, Camp
Dodge; transferred to Engineers' Training
Camp, Camp Humphreys July 30. 1918; trans-
ferred to Engineers' Corps, Highway School,
Mustered out January 8, 1919.

SMITH, ORA T.

Poland Township

Born January 15. 1893. Enl. February 23,
1918. Mech. Co. G, 351st Inf. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge until August 6. Sailed from
New York August 13 on Scotian; landed Liver-
pool August 28. Cro-ssed Channel to Cher-
bourg September 16. To Campey until Sep-
tember 30; to front of Haute-Alsace offensive
which lasted from October 12 to 29; to Toul
sector and held trenches near Pont-a-Mousson
until armistice was signed; to Gondrecourt
Area November 29; to Liffoble Grande Decem-
ber 26 to April 10; to Casual Camp at St.
Aignan: to Marseilles. Sailed on Europia May
10; landed New York May 27. To Ft. Sheri-
dan. Mustered out at Camp Dodge June 23,
1919.

SMITH, FAVI. M.
Sionx Rapids

Born September 24, 1894. Enl. May 9, 1917.
Sgt. Ist-cl., Medical Dept. 16th Balloon Co.
7th Div. Air Service. Trained at Angel Island;
at Camp Morrison. In reserve at St. Mihiel
September 4 to 20; active service at Thiaucourt
September 20 to November 11; with Army of

Occupation April 20 to July 14, 1919; served
with American Polish Relief Expedition July
19 to December 6 — in Poland October 1 to
December 6, 1919. Mustered out December
6, 1919.

SMITH, 'Wn.I.IAM McKINIiEY
Sioux Rapids

Born March 1, 1898. Enl. January 24, 1918.
Sgt. Air Service, 4th Co. 7th Regt. Trained at
Jefferson Barracks; Camp Hancock; at Camp
Green. Sailed from New York July 15; landed
Liverpool July 31. To Southampton August
1; to Le Havre August 5. To Romorantin;
the largest air field in Europe, August 8; to
Orly Field, Paris; to Neufchateau August 26;
to Meuse-Argonne September 14; to Tricourt
September 18; to Langres November 7; was
in Argonne Forest 38 days; to Luxemburg
November 18; to Coblenz December 16 to July
22, 1919.

SMOOT, ROBERT M.
Storm Ziake

Born December 31, 1S9S. Enl. June 18. 1915.
Corp. Co. M, 142d Regt. 36th Div. Trained:
Enl. at Cherokee, Iowa; to Camp Cody; saw
service on border during Mexican trouble.
Sailed from Hoboken August 6; landed Liver-
pool August 17. To France August 24;
landed Le Havre. To Le Mans; to Bar-sur-
Aube; in Meuse-Argonne sector. Sailed from
Brest May 17; landed in U. S. June 2, 1919.
Mustered out June 12, 1919.

SNYDER, SAI.EM
Brooke Township
Born September 19, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon until November 5; to Camp
Shelby until December 22; to Camp Dodge.
Mustered out December 30, 1918.

SOHM, JOSEPH PAUI.
Storm Iiake

Born December IT, lS;i3. Enl. August 27.
1917. 2d Lieut. Batt. F, 337th F. A. 88th Div.
Trained at Ft. Snelling, where he was com-
missioned 2d Lieut.; reported at Camp Dodge
December 15, 1917; attached to Batt. F, 337th
F. A. 88th Div. until January 2, 1918; to
Camp Jackson May 22; assigned to Batt. C, 3d
Bn. F. A. Replm. Depot; to School of Fire at
Ft. Sill for ten-%veeks' officers' course June
10, was graduated August 23; assigned to
School of Fire in the Dept. of Material August
23. Mustered out January 15, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

203

SONSERGAARD, JAMES
Newell

Born June 2, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. L, lOTth Inf. 27th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Sailed from Hoboken on U.
S. S. Plattsburg- August 29; landed Brest Sep-
tember 12. To St. Aignan; to St. Georges; to
Tours; to DieiJpe; to British sector on Hinden-
burg Line for seven days — over top three
times here; to St. Suplet in continual fight-
ing; took Jean de Merc Ridge and another
town; to Glissy until November 11. Sailed
from Brest February 28, on S. S. Amsterdam;
landed New York, March 9. Mustered out
March 29. 1919.

SONDERGAARD, WAI.I>EMAR
Kewell
Born July 24, 1891. Enl. July 24. 1918. Pvt.
Co. H, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from Ho-
boken on U. S. S. Plattsburg August 30; landed
Brest September 12. To Tours; to Verdun; to
Base Hosp. No. 47; to Beaune; to St. Aignan;
to Brest. Sailed on S. S. Hollandia March
3; landed Hoboken March 15. To Camp Mer-
ritt. Mustered out March 25, 1919.

SORBS, Vni.I.IAM F.

Storm Iiake

Born October 20, 1895. Enl. August 28, 1918.

Pvt. Q. M. C. 17th Co. 2d Regt., placed in

314th Fire Truck and Hose Co. Trained

at Camp Funston. Mustered out May 21, 1919.

SORENSON, ANTON

Ne-Hrell
Born May 14, 1893. Enl. April 9, 1918.
Cook Batt. B, 12th Regt. Artillery. Trained
at Madison, Wisconsin, Training Dept.; at
Camp Jackson. Mustered out December 18,
1918.

SORENSON, HEI.IHXR I.USVIG

Alta
Born October 18, 1890. Enl. July 18, 1917.
Pvt. Co. D, 43d Inf. 15th Div. Trained at
Ft. Logan; Ft. Douglas; at Camp Pike; to
New Orleans for guard duty; to Madisonville,
La., for guard duty; to Camp Logan for duty
as guard; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
January 21, 1919.

SFOONER, EARI. I..

Storm Iiake
Born June 15, 1895, Enl. July 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. G, 313th Ing. 79th Div. Trained at

Camp Gordon. Sailed overseas in August,
1918, Saw active service in Verdun. After
armistice was sent to Condon.

SFOONEB, 'WAI.TER I..
Storm I^ake

Born May 8, 1897. Enl. September 5, 1918,
Pvt. in 347th Motor Transport Corps. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 5, 1919.

SFRECHER, AMOS C.

Storm Iiake
Born November 18, 1895. Enl. July 25, 1918,
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm. Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon. Mustered out December 8, 1918.

STACY, HARRIS EI.MER
Sioux Rapids
Born December 6, 1891. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Co. C, 304th F. S. B. 79th Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon in Co. D, 4th Replm.
Regt.; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from New
York on U. S. S. Plattsburg September 1;
landed Brest September 14. To Verdun and
entered line of fighting October 7, was in
line until November 11; at Verdun, trans-
ferred to Co. C, 304th F. S. B.; to Souilly;
to Chaumont; to Tours; to Brest. Sailed
August 6 on U. S. S. President Grant; landed
Hoboken August 17. To Camp Merritt; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out September 26,
1919.

STAHI., CI.ARENCE

Albert City
Born November 27, 1SS9. Enl. September 20.
1917. Corp Co. C, 313th Inf. Field Signal
Bn. Trained at Camp Dodge; to Camp Mer-
ritt. Sailed from New Y'orlv on Bohemia
August 17; landed Liverpool August 30. To
Knotty Asli; to Southampton; to Le Havre
September 4. To Semur; to Hericourt Septem-
ber 11; to Chassis until September 30; to
Braeschmont in Alsace sector on October 2;
to Giromagny; to Bois-le-Lagny from Novem-
ber 6 to 29; to Menicourt; to HorvlUe; to St.
Nazaire. Sailed May 19 on Ryndam; landed
Hoboken May 30. To Camp Merritt; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 11, 1919.

STAFFORD, FAUIi
Storm liake
Born December 15, 1889. Enl. September
5, 1918. Pvt. Co, M, 20th Regt. 19th Div.
Trained at Camp Funston; ordered to report
for guard duty at U. S. Hosp. No. 21 at
Denver. Colo. Mustered out at Camp Funston
March 5, 1919.

Harris Elmer Stacy
Sioux Rapids

Clarence R. Stahl
Albert City

Ernest Staples
Alta

Oscar Albion Steele
Alta

Rudolph Steffen
Storm Lake

Walter F. Steig
Storm Lake

Fred Steinbeck
Albert City

Walter Brown Storey
Storm Lake

Ernest Fred H. Stout
Storm Lake

Williaiu StlcljuluW

Storm Lake

Franiis 1. Stringer
Storm Lake

Morton JI. Stull
Storm Lake

* ii I . ■ > h. .-> I u I - ij 1 . - 1 Dick S u 1 i n ^

Providence Township Maple Valley Township

Ernt- st J. Sundberg
Linn Grove

Jolin Arthur Sundberj
Barnes Township

David M. Sundeen
Albert City

Edwin P. Sundholm
Marathon

Cliarles V. Sutlierland
Storm Lake

Elmer F. Swanson
Albert City

Harrv A. Swanson
Albert City

John Bernhard Swanson
Storm Lake

Albert Swenson
Alta

Anton Ludwig- Swenson
Fairfield Township

206

lOXOK KOIA. Ol' Illl'.XA \ ISTA COL'XT\'

STAFI.ES, ERNEST

Alta
Ttoi'U Koluiiaiy S, ISilT. V,n\. Soptomlior B.
1!U8. I'vt. I'o. M, 'Jil iMl'. 'rriiiiiinl ;it Tump
IVhIko. AVus III liil'antfy iifniuilzHtloii lit timo
<il' tho liilhu>i\/.ii oplili-inlo iit ('iiiii|i IUuIko, liiul
111 iMiiillmunis (liiys ol" duty on liosplUil lio-
tiitl i\ss1kii<>i1 to I'lU-ry I'orpsos I'roni tin- \v;inls
to tlio uiiilortJiUliiif dopiu'tiuont ; roiiuiliulor
of tliuo 111 sm-vloo spoilt In tiil'iiiitry ililU iiiui
on Kiiiinl .luty. Miist.ir.l out Juiu- 11, ISUii.

STEEI.E, OSCAR AI.BION

Altn
Uoiii Oi'tolioi- ;i, ISii,"), Kill. Juno 2(>. \»H\.
I'vt. Oo. M. KiSth Inf. 42(i Olv, Trained lU
I'luM-okoc. Iowa: at State Kali- (Inninds; at
Ciunv Mills, Salloil Ootoboi- 13. 1!U7. on ship
V. S. S, rroslilont tliaiif. lotuinod Ootobor
2S; salloil soooiul I lino Novonilioi- II; laiuloil
KnKlaiKl Pooonilioi' 1. To Kraiuo l>ooonilioi'
II. Tionoli ihity iioai- Haiionvillor; to riiaiii-
paitno front; at I'hatoau-Tlilorry ; St, Mllilol;
Ai'Boiiiio; Mouso; Sotlan; witli .\rniy of Ooou-
pntlon nooombor 3 to April S. 1>M!1. Mus-
toivd out May L", lIM'.i, Ko-onlistod May '.'.

unsi.

STETFEN, RUDOI.PH
Stoi-ui Iiake

Horn Soptonilu-r 'Jil. l.ssi!, Knl. ,luly "3. ISMS.
Sitt. ("o. U. Itli Koplni. Uoftt. Tralnod at
^''anip tlortlon; onlorod to l^aiiip liodpo. Mus-
torod out May 2S. !!U!>.

STEIG. WALTER F.
Storm Iiak«

Horn Januiiry I'O. 1SS>3. Knl. July :;i. nMS.
I'vt. Co, n, Itli Koplm. KoKt . Trained at
t'ainp tiordon. Mustered out Iieoember 1(>, ISUS.

Train. Trained at Iowa State CoUoKo; at
Valparaiso, liid.; at Kt. Sheridan. Mustered
out l>eoeiiibei' :;r.. IIUS.

STORY, WALTER BROWTT

Storm Xjnke

ISoni .\prll 111. 1S'.I3, Knl. May 'J7. IIUS. SRt,
lld.i. Co. lull Uii. It;3d I>. n., later traiisforrod
to Co. 3, Jd Candidate Hn. 1. C. C>. T. S.
Trained at Caiiiii OodRo; to Camp lirant to 1.
C. (1. T. S. Musti-rod out .Novoiiibor 30.
Ill IS.

STOUT, ERNEST FRED H.
Storut Xinke

Horn Juno I'S, ISn;. I';iil. Juno L'S. li>18.
Maolilnlst l.'d-ol. Navy. Trained on Sub Chaser
No. 13'.'. San Kranolsoo to San l>loKO, I'allf.;
to 1lani|itoii Koads. Naval l>poratlii»r Hase.
Mustered out January H. IIUII.

STREBEI.OW, WELLIAM

Storm Iiake
Horn Soptonibor :!. ISSI. Knl. Kobruary ;".
1!US. S^l. Siiuadron O. .\viation Servloe.
Trained at Kl. l.oKan; at Kelly Field; KllinR-
ton l''Ulil. Muslorod out January 31. llUli.

STRINGER, FRANCIS I.
Storm IiAke

Horn nooombor 7, 1S!I.^. Knl. nooombor 10.
nil". KnslKii til N. K- t'. Trained at Munl-
olpal Pier: at Kills Island; at Brooklyn Navy
Yard; to Hoston reoelvlnic ship; at HiiiKliam
(Mass.) .\ninuinltlon Oepot; asslttned to Wau-
kesha for threo-nionths' trip in foreign sorv-
ioo; to New York; to I'olhuni Hay; to Uttioors'
Sohool. Coniniissloned KnslKii April 1, ISUS.
Mustered out May !i. 1»1!>. at Now York.

STEINBECK. FRED
A^bsrt City

Horn February IS. 1s;iS. I'Inl. January ,^.
1IMS. SKt. Co. :;. .Vvlatlon Servloe. Trained
at Aviation Field. San .Vntonlo; to Camp Mills.
Sailed from New York on S. S. Haltio Maroli
Ifi; landed Klverpool Maroh 2S. To laiyoonibe
Corner Camp, Knifland; to Camp WInohester:
to Knotty .\sli. Sailed for f. S. Maroh It.
Il'lji; landed Uoboken. To Camp JllUs; to
I'amp noilKo. Mustered out April S, 1!>IS>.

STOCK, WALTER R.

Storm Iiake

Horn Ootober IB. lS;i|. Knl. June 15. I'JIS.
Corp. Co. V, M. T. C. with 433d Motor Supply

STULL, MORTON, M,
Storm IiAke

Horn May 22. ISIHi. Knl. Soptonibor 21,
1IM7. Corp Co. H. ISth UoRt. 1st niv.. later
transferred to Co. M. 11th Hei?t. Bth Dlv.
Trained at Camii nodtre; at Camp rike: to
Camp Merrltt. Sailed June S; landed l4lver-
pool. To WInohester; to Southani|>ton; to
Ke Havre. To St. .Mitnan: in aollon July
KS at Seoond Battle of the Mariie; to Toul
.\UKUst 1; to St. Mlhlel Seiitember l'.'; to
.■\rKonne Ootober 1; to Hosp. Ootober 10 with
Intluenra; to duty November 20 with Army
of Oooupatlon at Ueniloh. I.uxeniburK; to
SohtfrianKo; to St. AlKnan; to Marseilles.
Sailed May Ifi; landed New York June 2. To
Camp Mills. Mustered out June fi. 1S>11'.

IIOXOR ROLL Ol' liUENA VKS'l'A COl'XTN'

207

STURCKI-EB, QII.es I,.

Providence Towusblp

Boin July L'C, IX'.il. I-Jiil. .Si!iit.;iMl>or 5, ID 17.
Sgt. Co, 351, Mobile Laundry Unit, 8!)th DIv.
Trained at Camp nodge; at Camp MeggH; to
fJamp Upton. WaH In (). T. C. at (,'amp Megg.s.
Saw ovor.seas .servlre In France and Cermany.

STURCHI.ER, WAIiTEB B.

Providence Township

Horn I'Vhruary 22, 1S!H1, Kril. I )i'(/cmlicr 1,
i;U7. I'\t. fifiSth Aero S<|uadr<»n, Aviation
.Service. Trained at Kelly p'leld; at Carlston
l-'leld; at KlllnBton P'leld. Mustered out April
17, 11)19.

SUI.ING, DICK
Maple Valley Township

Born .lanuary ail. is:i7. lOril. Seiitember 0.
1:1 IS. Pvt. with 5«th Co. Trained at Camp
l>od»fe for hIx week.s. MuHtered out after hIx
weeks' service on account of weak heart.

sui.i.iVAM', chabi.es c.

Newell

Hiirii .lanuary 2\. ISx;i. KnI. Auuuwt 26, 11117.
I'vt. Med. |ii-|it. Traiur-d al I'"l . lilli-y liase
HoHi)ltal.

SUNDBEBG, ERNEST J.

Iilnn Qrove

Ijorn April U,, 181)7. lOnl. Augu.st 3, 11)18.
1^4 (}. M. Co. 8, nth UcKt. Trained at
Charleston Training Station until December
1. I II IX: .It ll:iinpton Roads until February 20,
1 11 111; a I C. L. .V. T. S. until March 11. Mus-
tered out March II, llill).

SUNSBERG, JOHN ARTHUR
Barnes Township

lioiii iVlay 11!. I sill. lOnl. August 21), IDIX.
i'vt. 2iHth Bakery Co. Trained at Camp Fun-
ston. Mustered out December 211, 111 IX,

SUNDEEN, DAVID M.
Albert City

I'.oiri I'-.bru.-uy ',, 1X1)1. lOlil. .Inly .5, IlllX.
Petty officer, Merchant Marine. Trained:
first stationed 54 Day Street, New York
City; boarded U. S. S. Meade at Bos-
ton July 8 to 27; to U. S. S. Dorothy
Bradford until September 0; into service at
New Vork; to Porto Ulco on the S. S. Brazos;
then on S. S. .John L. ('amn October 9, coast-
wise to Newport News and Chesapeake Bay.
Mustered out December 23, 1918.

SUNDHOI.M, ED-WIIT P.
Marathon

Born Dctober 12, 1X1)7. I'inl. .July Hi, 1 li 1 8.
Mechanic. Railroad Reserves, Batt. A, 73d
(,'. A. <:., R. A. R. Trained at Ft. Snelllng;
at .Jefferson. Barracks; to Ft. Williams; at
Ft. Preble; at Ft. Levitt; to Camp Mills.
Sailefi form New York Septcmbt-r 27 rm Sco-
tian; lantled Llveri>ool October 7. To Knotty
Ash ^lamj); to ('amp Woodley; crossed Chan-
nel to Cherbourg October 13. To Haussamont
three weeks; to Artillery School at Mailley
thi-ee weeks; to Somme Souse November 1
to 12; did reimli'ing on front; to Maussarnoiit
until .N'ovember Ifi; entrained for Brest. Sailed
Decimber 15 on Mongolia; iancled ,\'ew York
December 23. To Camp Mills; to Camp Devens.
Mustered out at Camp Dodge .Tanuary 15, 1919.

SVTHERI.AND, CHARI.ES V.

Storm Iiake

Horn .filly II, IXXil. KnI, . .Tuly 24, llilx.
Sgt. 24th Co. <•. (I. T. C. Trained at Camp
Cordon; reslgneil from (officers' Training
Corps on account of close of war. Mustered
out December Ifi, 1918.

SWANSON, EI.MEB F.

Albert City
Born November 4, 1891. lOnl. .July 29, 1918.
Corp. Co. F, 212th Fngrs. 12th Div. Trained
at Camp Forrest; at Camp Devens until Sep-
tember 1; to Camp Dodge February 2; pro-
moted l)ecember 7 to corp. Mustered out
February 8, 1919.

SWANSON, HABBY A.
Albert City

Born Sciileniber 1, 1889. lOnl. November 3,
I9IS. Mechanic Co. A, Section B, S. A. T. C.
Trained at Iowa State College. Mustered out
December 11, 1918.

SWANSON, JOHN BERNHARD

Storm I*ake
Born October 8, 1891. Knl. February 25,
1918. Pvt. Co. A, 130th Inf. 33d DIv. Trained
at Camp Dodge; at Camril Logan. Sailed
May 13. Sailed from France for U. S. Arrived
Hdrirs. August 20, 1918. Returned to the U.
S. by reason of physical disability. Mustered
out February 19. 1918,

SWANSON, I.ESI.IE E.

Alta

Born April 2(1, 1X94. Knl. December 14, 1917.

Sgt. Ist-cl. (Jrdnance Corps. 1st O. R. S. D.

Co., Artillery Rifle Shops, Mehun-sur-Ujenre.

.Inliii Chjii-h'S T;inst\v
Siimx K:ipi(ls

Anion Tporiiik
Alta

»)le M. Teig
Rembrandt

VViliam H. Tliavs
Scott Township

Jake P. Tliavenot
Elk Township

Clarence K. Tliiel
AVashington Township

Warren 1'^. Thieman
Newell

Lester .1. Tliornpson
Storm Lake

Carl ('. 'I'lioniscn
Providence Townsliip

t'liris T. Thi)nisen
Newell

ThorwaUl Andrew Thomsen
Newell

Anton TillKren
l^inn Crox'e

Tom Tooliey
Storm Lake

Kilet M. Torkelson
Siniix Unpifls

Howard T. Torkelson
Sioux Rapids

Dewey Townsend
Sioux Rapids

Perry E. Treinan
Poland Township

Cecil I^. Truu^ur
Storm Lake

Edward Irvinpr Ti'oeger Pliilip Ttieodore Troeger
Storm Lake Storm Lake

Evald R. Trukken
Newell

Otto K. Trukken
Newell

Ward V. Trusty
Sioux Rapids

Roy E. Turner
Storm Lake

2IO

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Trained at Camp Dodge in Co. C. 2d Ord. Depot
Brigade; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from Ho-
boken on Northern Pacific March 29, 1918;
landed Brest April 7, 1918. To duty at Mehun-
sur-Ujenre. Promoted to sgt. Ist-cl. Sailed
on U. S. S. Manchuria May 11 from St. Na-
zaire; landed Hoboken May 22. To Camp
Merritt; to Camj) Dodge. Mustered out June
2, 1919.

SWENSON, AIiBERT
Alta

Born Nevember 7, 1892. Enl. September 20.
1917. Corp. Co. I, 347th Inf. 87th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; at Camp Pike; to Camp Dix.
Sailed from Montreal August 23; landed 20
miles below London September 9. To South-
ampton; to French port. September 16. To
Remorantin September 29; to Brest. Sailed
from Brest December 24; landed New York
December 29. To Camp Merritt; to Camp Pike;
to Camp Dodge. In service at Camp Dodge
with Co. A, 350th Inf. 88th Div.; at Camp
Pike with Co. I, 347th Inf. 87th Div. Mus-
tered out at Camp Dodge January 29. 1919.

SWENSON, ANTON lUDWIG
Fairfield Township

Born September 26. 1890. Enl. May 13. 1918.
Corp. Co. P, — later Co. A — 7th Supply Train.
M. T. C. Trained at Jefferson Barracks; at
Camp MacArthur; to Camp Merritt. Sailed
August 16 on Niagara; landed Bordeaux August
28. To Bubucley until October 12; to Deon-
lard; to Minnencourt; to Bassey-au-Plain ; to
Brest. Sailed June 16 on S. S. Kansas; landed
Newport News. To Camp Dodge. Mustered
out July 5. 1919.

TANSEY, JOHN CHABI.ES

Sioux Rapids

Born June 30, 1900. Enl. April 20, 1917.
Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; to Portsmouth, on
receiving ship, Southery; to Norfolk on U. S.
S. Oklahoma; to Hosp. Ship Solace; to Naval
Hosp. at Portsmouth; to U. S. S. Kearsarge;
to Leviathan; sailed on Leviathan from Ho-
boken to Cuba; to Liverpool (three trips);
from Hoboken to Brest and return (15 trips).
Mustered out September 22. 1919.

TAYI.OR, CESBIC C.

Alta
Born December 4, 1892. Enl. August 14,
1918. Pvt. Batt. F, 14th P. A. R. D. Trained at
Army Training Detachment, Des Moines Col-
lege; at Camp Jackson. Mustered out Decem-
ber 11, 1918.

TEEBINK, AKTON E.
Alta

Born October 26, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Drill sgt. Co. D. Inf. Trained at Camp Gor-
don; at Camp Wadsworth. Promoted to Corp.;
to sgt. Mustered out December 14, 1918.

TEIG, OI.E M.

Rembrandt

Born October 1, 1887. Enl. September 20.
1917. Pvt. Co. B, Military Police. Trained at
Camp Pike in Co. I, 347th Inf. 87th Div.; later
transferred to Co. B, M. P. Mustered out at
Camp Pike May 31, 1919. Pvt. Teig was highly
recommended by Capt. Gerald Jones as a sol-
dier who always performed his duty in a
highly creditable manner.

THAVS, 'WII.I.IAM H.
Scott Township

Born March 25. ISSS. Enl. Septemljer 19, 1918.
Pvt. Co. A and Co. B, 33d Regt. Trained at
Camp Dodge until November 5; to Camp Cody
until February 8, 1919. Mustered out Feb-
ruary 8, 1919.

THEVENOT, JAKE F.

Elk Township
Born April 16. 1894. Enl. April 26. 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 359th Regt. 90th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge; to Camp Travis; to Camp
Mills. Sailed from Hoboken June 18 on the Tin
P. Castle; landed Liverpool July 1. To Win-
chester; to Racey; to Prance. To Toul sector;
at St. Mihiel; to Argonne; gassed; sent to
field hosp. at Toul; to Bordeaux Base Hosp.
No. 14 four weeks; to convalescent camp at
Bordeaux two months; transferred to 40th
Div. and sent back to U. S. Sailed from
Brest March 6 on Walter Luckenbach; landed
Hoboken March 18. To Camp Mills; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out April 8, 1919.

TKIEI., CI.ARENCE E.
Washington Township
Born January 7, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. H, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon Co. D. 4th Replm. Regt.; to
Camp Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken September
1 on U. S. S. Plattsburg; landed Brest Sep-
tember 12. To training camp with 163d at
St. Georges two weeks; transferred to 79th
Div. Sailed from St. Nazalre May 16 on
L'. S. S. Texan; landed Philadelphia May 29.
To Camp Dix; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
June 10. 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 211

THIE&IAM', WABREN E.

Newell

Born November IIJ, I88I1. Knl. September 5.

1918. Cook Co. F, 88th Regt. 19th Div. Trained

at Camp Dodge. Mustered out February 28,

1919.

THOMPSON, CLYDE B.

Storm Xiake
Born March 16, 1896. Enl. July 29. 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 211th Engrs. 11th Div. Trained
at Camp Forrest; at Camp Meade. Mustered
out February 1. 1919.

THOMPSON, LESTER J.
StoTin Lake

Born June 1, 1889. Enl. July 24, 1918. Co.
316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at Camp Gor-
don. Co. D, 4th Replm. Inf. Sailed from
New York August 30 on U. S. S. Plattsburg;
landed Brest September 12. To St. Georges;
to Verdun front eight days; to hosp. at Mesves;
to Brest forty days. Sailed March 11 on
Huntington; landed New York March 23. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
April 3. 1919.

THOMSEN, CARL C.

Providence Township

Born May 23, 1895. Enl. July 24. 1918.

Corp. 4th Co. 13th Training Bn. Inf. Trained

at Camp Pike, was in Non-Commissioned

Officer.s' School. Mustered out March 1, 1919.

THOMSEN, CHRIS T.

Ne'well
Born January 27, 1887. Enl. January 31,
1918. Farrier, attached to 351st and 352d Inf.
in 176th Brig. 88th Div. Veterinary Corps.
Trained at Camp Dodge. Sailed from New
York August 16 on Saxon; landed Liverpool
August 28. To Southampton; to Le Havre
September 2. To Florvinie; to Hericourt; to
Alsace front for 28 days until November 11;
to St. Nazaire. Sailed May 20; landed New-
port News May 31. Mustered out June 8, 1919.

THOMSEN, TKORWALD ANDREVT

Newell

Born December 12. 1892. Enl. May 27, 1918.
Wagoner. Batt. E, 337th Regt. 163d Art. Brig.
Trained; Chiefly in France. Sailed August 16;
landed Liverpool. To Southampton; to Le
Havre. To Clermont-Ferrand; to Bordeaux.
Saw service with A. E. F. in England in train-
ing, and in France in training and actual fight-
ing. Returned to U. S. January 19, 1919. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
Feb. 1, 1919.

THOMSON, CHARLES R.

Storm Lake

Born August 27, 1893. Enl. December 11,
1917. Sgt. Hdqrs. Detachment. Inf. Trained;
aviation service at Kelly Field; at Camp
Greene where he was transferred to infantry
September 2, 1918. Mustered out April 1,
1919.

TILLGREN, ANTON

Linn G-rove
Born June 7. 1888. Enl. September 4. 1917.
Pvt. Co. A, 350th Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; at Camp Pike. At Camp Pike
assigned to wagoner duty in Supply Co. 34Tth
Regt. 87th Div. Mustered out February 2,
1918.

TOFT, P. J.
Linn Grove
Born February 16, 1893. Enl. July 26, 1918.
Line sgt. U. S. A. Trained: Pvt. in 6th Co.
2d Replm. Regt. Inf. at Camp Gordon; at
Camp Shelby. Promoted to line sgt. August
25; trained men at Camp Gordon. Mustered
out December 31, 1918.

TOPT, STANLEY E.
Linn Grove

Born February 18. 1898. Enl. August 1, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Automobile Transport. Trained at
Iowa State College.

TOOHEY, TOM
Stonu Lake

Born December 1. 1898. Enl May 25, 1918.
Div. Commissary, 78th Div. Pvt. Ist-cl. in
Hdq. Co. with 303d Supply Train, later made
Div. Commissary. 7Sth Div. Trained at Ft.
Logan; at Camp Johnston; to Camp Hill.
Sailed from Newport News August 5 on Mada-
waska; landed Brest August 18. To Camp
Williams two weeks; 78th Div. followed 42d
to St. Mihlel front September 12 to October
1; to Argonne until armistice; to St. Mene-
hould; to Semur for six months; on leave and
visited Nice. Monte Carlo, Paris. Marseilles,
and other interesting cities of France. Sailed
from Bordeaux May 27 on S. S. General Goe-
thals; landed Newport News June 7. To Camp
Lee; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 18,
1919.

TOOHEY, WILLIAM M.
Providence Township

Born February 21, 1897. Enl. July IS'. 1918.
Seaman 2d-cl. in Navy Relief Society. Trained
at G. L. N. T. S.; toured Missouri and all of
Michigan with Navy Entertainment Troupe.
Mustered out February 20, 1919.

Oust Turnquist
Lincoln Township

Mason L. Turpin
Scott Township

William C. Turpin
Nokomis Township

David Hi-nrv Tutt
Alta

Claude Henry Typper
Sioux Rapids

Charles F. Unger
Storm Lake

Roy Volkerts
Storm Lake

Gust Algol Walquist
Linn Grove

Carl E. Wahlstrom
Storm Lake

Emil Joseph Wahlstrom
Storm Lake

Llovd Arthur Wall
Alta

Robert Wallace
Alta

I^^M

™', ^

A, F. Walner

Albert City

George Albert Walton
Alta

Tom H. Watts
Poland Townshii)

Fred W. Webb
Lincoln Township

Josepii II. Weelvs
Storm Lalie

Glenn It. Weeks
Storm Lake

Henry F, Wehking
Maple Valley Township

Henry Weiirenber^
Newell

Elmer Claire Welcli
Marathon

John Garner Welch
Marathon

Thomas Verne Welch
Marathon

Bert A. Wells
Marathon

214

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUNTY

TORKEI.SOM, EHiET M.
Sioux Rapids

Born January 8, 1895. Enl. May 17. 1917.
2d Lieut. Co. C, 108th Field Sig. Bn. S.'Sa Div.
Trained at Camp Grant; Ft Logan; Ellington
Field, in ninth Aero Squadron; at S. M. A.,
Au.stin; to Camp Dick; to Ft. Monroe Coast
Artillery School. Mustered out January 18.
1919.

TORKEI-SON, HOWARD T.
Sioux Rapids

Born June 27, 1897. lOnl. October 1. 1918.
Pvt. in Tanlt Corps. Trained three weel<s at
Camp Colt; entered Officers' Training Camp at
Camp Colt October 15, in school until November
31; candidate for commission. Mustered out
December 15. 1918.

TOWNSEND. DEWEY
Sioux Rapids
Born August 20. 1898. Enl. July 3, 1917.
Pvt. Ist-cl. 349th Inf. Med. Dept. 88th Div.
Trained at Ft. Riley; at Camp Dodge; to Camp
Upton. Sailed August 7; landed Southampton.
To Le Havre; to Senuir; to Les Lownes; to
Belfort; to Phaffans; to Don Joutian; at Don
Joutain had first aid raid by Germans; to
Toul; at Metz; at L'Emitage Woods waiting for
orders to go into battle when armistice was
signed; to Trevary. Sailed from St. Nazaire
May 18, 1919, on U. S, S. Mallory; landed
Broolilyn May 28, 1919. Mustered out June
13, 1919.

TREMAN, FERRY E.
Poland Township
Born February 21, 189 7. Enl. September 25,
1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Iowa State
College. Mustered nut November 30, 1918

TROEGER, CECII. P.

Storm Iiake
Born December 27, 1894. Enl. June 17, 1917.
2d Lieut. Batt. Adjt. 138th Regt. Artillery,
35th Div. Trained at Des Moines in 109th
Engrs. four months assisting in construction
of Camp Dodge; to Camp Cody January 9;
O. T. S. at San Antonio. Commissioned 2d
Lieut May 18, 1918. At Camp Cody was
assigned to 135th Inf.; to Camp Dix. Sailed
from New Yortc September 12 on Balmore
Castle; landed Glasgow September 26. To
Southampton; to Le Havre September 29. To
Inf. Weapon School at Clemecy; to Commercy,
assigned to 138th Inf.; to Larouville; to Le
Mans March 8; to Tufte; to A. E. C. Hdqrs.
transferred to 77th Div. for return to U. S.
Sailed from Brest April 26 on V. S. S. Presi-

dent Grant; landed Hoboken May 4. To Camp
Mills; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out May 25,
1919.

TROEGER, EDWARD IRVING
Storm Xiake
Born July 14 1896. Enl. Feliruary 25, 1918.
Seaman Ist-cl. Trained at (i. L. N. T. S.;
to receiving ship Philadelphia; sailed on U.
S. S. Corala. to Brest; transferred to U. S. S.
Tantintin for tug service in the harbor of
Brest; returned to U. S. October 16. 1919;
landed Norfolk November 10, 1919. Mustered
out November 22, 1919.

TROEGER, PHII.IP THEODORE
Storm Iiake
Born October 19, 1889. Enl. April 5, 1918.
Chief Carpenter's Mate, 12th Regt. Div. Con-
tract-Public Works. Trained at U. S. Naval
Training Station, Great Lakes. Mustered out
April 3. 1919.

TRUKKEN, EVAI.D R.

Ne'well

Born February 4, ls:i3. Enl. May 4, 1918.
Seaman. Trained at G. L. N. T. S. ; to New-
port. R. I., Icn weeks; to Hampton Roads; to
U. S. S. Cincinnati April 22; to receiving ship
New Orleans; to U. S. tug Barnett. Mustered
out September 3, 1919.

TRVKXEN, OTTO K.

ITewell
Born June 20, 1891. Enl. September 20, 1917.
Pvt. Inf. to Aviation 54th Balloon Co. Trained
at Camp Lewis; at Kelly Field; Ft. Sam
Houston; Base Hosp. Corpus . Christi; to Con-
valescent Hosp. ; to Kelly Field; to Camp
John Wise; to Camp Morrison; to Lee Hall;
to Camp Morrison. Mustered out December
IT, r.ilT.

TRUSTY, WARD V.

Sioux Rapids
Born August 12, 1894. Enl. May 29, 1917.
Called into service July 9, 1917. Wagoner,
Supply Co. 108th Regt. 42d Div. Trained at
Des Moines; at Camp Mills. Sailed October
18 on President Grant; out 8 days and turned
back on account of engine trouble; re-em-
barked November 14 on English ship Aurania;
landed Liverpool December 1. To Le Havre
December 9. To Rimacourt December 11; ar-
rived trenches February 26; released from
trenches June 17; to Champagne; to Chateau-
Thierry front; to Toul front and Argonne; to
Sedan; to Germany December 1, did guard
duty until April 7. Sailed from Brest April 17
on v. S. S. Leviathan; landed U. S. April
26.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

!I5

TURNER, ROY E.
Storm Iiake

Born March 22, ISii'J. Enl. July 15. 1017.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. Co. 133d Inf. 34th Div. Trained
at Camp Cody. Sailed for France October 12;
landed England October 24. To France. On
way to front when armistice was signed; sent
to Coblenz, Germany, in December with Army
of Occupation. After serving nine months was
detailed home and mustered out of service
August 20, I'.lld. Term of enlistment expired
and re-enlisted for one year; assigned to S. O.
S. and slatiom-d at Tours. France.

TTTRFIN, MASON Ii.

Scott Township
Born June 22, 1894. Enl. May 11, 1917.
Pvt. Troop D, 1st U. S. Cavalry. Trained at
Ft. Logan, attached service one week; to
Arizona; to Ft. D. A. Russell for nine months;
trans, to 83d F. A.; to Camp Fremont 4 months;
to Ft. Sill, transferred to 9th F. A. Batt. B; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 27, 1919.

TURPIN, WII.I.IAM C.
Nokomis Township

Born Februar.\' .5. 1892. l*^nl. December 11,
1917. Seaman 2d-cl. Trained at G. L. N. T.
S. Was taken sick with pnuemonia, had oper-
ation— one rib removed; sent home to recuper-
ate and afterwards discharged. Mustered out
May 16. 191 S.

TUTT, DAVID KENRY

Alta

Born February 12, 1S90. Enl. May 27. 1918.
Pvt. Co. 25, 166th D. B., later transferred
to Co. A, 159th Regt. 40th Div. Trained at
Camp Kearny; sent to Base Hosp. for opera-
tion June 25; went home on furlough July
19 to August 8; transferred to Co. A, 32d Regt.
16th Div., remained with this organization
until February 13; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out February 26, 1919.

TYPPER, CIiAUDE HENRY

Sioux Rapids
Born November 30. 1892. Enl. September 20,
1917. Corp Co. B, 338th M. G. Bn. 88th Regt.
Trained at Camp Dodge; to Camp Gordon;
by command to Camp Upton for operation for
gastric ulcer, aljdoniiujil adhesions, and appen-
dicitis on July 18, 1919. Mustered out Febru-
ary 8, 1919.

TYSON, CHARI.es VT.
Storm Iiake

Born June 23, 1894. Enl. September 21, 1917.
Bugler Co. M, 320th M. Gunners, (Inf.) 80th
Div. Trained at Camp Dodge; at Camp Pike;
to Camp Merritt. Sailed overseas ,lune 20,
1918.

TTNGER, CHARI.ES F.
Storm Iiake
Born May 24, 1892. Enl. August 27, 1917.
1st Lieut. School of Fire for Field Artillery,
U. S. A. Commissioned 2d Lieut. F. A. No-
vember 27, 1917. Reported for duty with 3423
P. A. at Camp Funston December 15, 1917:
transferred to F. A. Replm. Depot at Ft. Sill
the latter part of June, 1918; commissioned 1st
Lieut, and held as instructor in Scliool of l^''ire
for Field Artiller.v. Mustered out al Ft. .Sill,
December 16, 1919.

VAST, FREDERICK
Maple Valley Township

Born November 9, 1892. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Replm Regt. Trained at
Camp Gordon 4 months. Discharged tempor-
arily for Limited Service. Mustei'il out
August 1, 1918.

VICKERMAN, JOHN B.

Rembrandt
Born April 13. 1889. Enl. April 26, 1918.
Sgt. 5th Batt. U. S. Guards. Trained at Camp
Dodge with Co. C, 338th M. G. Bn. 88th Div.;
transferred to 5th Bat. U. S. Guards at Ft.
Robison August 7; to Rock Island Arsenal;
to Camp B^unston. Mustered out January 11,
1919.

VOLKERTS, ROY

Storm Iiake

Born June 22. 1885. Enl. May 30, 1917.
Wagoner, 134th Ambulance Co. 109th Sani-
tary Train, 34th Div. Trained at Camp Eaton;
to Camp French; to Camp Cody. Sailed from
New York October 13; landed Liverpool. To
Romsey; to Southampton; crossed English
Cliannel to Le Havre. To Le Mans; to Thesse;
to Marseilles; to Nice. Sailed from Marseilles
June 25, stopping at Gibraltar 8 days; and
then continued voyage to the United States.
Was over most of France during service.
Mustered out July 28, 1919.

WALQUIST, GUST AIiGOT

Iilnn Grove
Born December 24, 1888. Enl. August 6,
1918. Pvt. Co. C, 111th Inf. 28th Div. Trained
at Camp MacArthur. Landed Brest October

Ned Edward Wells
Marathon

WiUard W. Wells
Marathon

Clifford Guv Wessmat
Alta

H.skil M. Westlin
Albert City

Henry A. Westphal
Elk Township

James F. Whealen
Providence Township

Donald C. White
Storm Lake

Harry DeWaj'ne White
Sioux Rapids

Ross E. White
Storm Lake

Z. Z. White
Storm Lake

Bernerd Whiting Frank Lincoln Willfong

Alta Alta

Harold M. Williams
Linn Grove

Herman Williams
Rembrandt

William Witzke
Newell

John Drake Wolcott
Poland Township

Albert T. Wolte
Truesdale

Bernard Wright

Mart E. Wright

Providence Township Providence Township

Lester Harold Terington
Storm Lake

Charles E. Young
Newell

Rudolph A. Youngstrom William A. Youngsti'om
Hayes Township Hayes Township

Jolin H. Zoffka
Coon Township

2l8

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

6. To St. Aignan; to St. Mihiel; to Xansord
Wood.s; to Thiacourt; to Benney; to Cannes;
to Beineville; to St. Bernard; to Base Hosp.
No. 45 to Toul; Base Hosp. No. 210; to Army
Rest Camp; to 2Sth Casual Camp at Colombey;
back to Casual Co. at Mall; to Le Mans
Camp No. 1; to camp at St. Nazaire. Sailed
for the United States.

WAHI.STBOM, CARI, E.
Storm Iiake
Born June 13, 1891. Enl. August 26, 1918.
Sgt. Hdq. Regt. Trained at Cainp Gordon; at
Camp Merritt. Sailed overseas and saw serv-
ice in France.

'WAKI.STROM, EMU. JOSEPH

Storm liake
Born November 7, 1893. Enl. December 14,
1917. Musician Ist-cl. in 39th Balloon Co.
Trained at Kelly Field; Post Field. Mustered
out May 26. 1919.

WAI.I., I.I.OYD ARTHUR

Alta
Born May 23, 1895. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Acting sgt. Co. H, 3S4th Inf. 96th Div. Traint-d
at Camjj Gordon; Camp Wadsworth. Mustered
out December 31 at Cami^ Dodge.

WAIiIiACE, ROBERT

Alta

Born February 22, 1893. Enl. May 28, 1918.
Pvt. Ist-cl. Hdq. Co. 350th Regt. 88th Div.
Trained at Camp Dodge; at Camp Upton.
Sailed from New York August 4; landed Lon-
don August 14. To Commercy. To Alsace
sector and entered line of fighting; to Toul
sector; to Minnecourt; to St. Nazaire Sailed
May 6; landed Newport News May 30, 1919.
To Camp Arthur; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out June 6, 1919.

WAIiNER, A. r.

Albert City
Born June 1, 1890. Enl July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. D, Trench Mortar Regt. Trained at Camp
Gordon. Mustered out at Camp Dodge January
9, 1919.

WATTS, TOM H
Poland Township

Born March 26, 1897. Enl. September 5,
1918. Pvt. Co. F, 88th Inf. 19th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge Mustered out February 27,
1919.

WEBB, BERT A.

Storm I,ake
Born January 3, 1899. Enl. October 1, 1918.
Pvt. Field Art., 8th Observation Bn. Trained
at Camp Taylor, where he attended Officers'
Training School Mustered out December 5,
1918.

WnBB, PRED W.

Iiincoln Township

Born August 26, 1894. Enl. September 4,
1917. Corp. Co. A, 350th Inf. SSth Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge until November 23; at Camp
Pike until mustered out. Mustered out April
8, 1918.

WEEKS, GI.ENN R.
Storm Iiake

Born May 29, 1900. Enl. October 4, 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C; transferred October 13 to
Camp Pike with 7th Co. 4th Bn. of I. C. O. T.
S. Mustered out December 6, 1918.

WEEKS JOSEPH R.

Storm liake

Born May 10, 1897. Enl. November 17, 1918.

Seaman 2d-cl. Naval Auxiliary Reserve School.

Trained at N. A. R. S. at Camp Lawrence,

Great Lakes. Mustered out January 17, 1919.

WEHKING, HENRY F.
Maple Valley Township

Born October 15, 1891. Enl. December 14.
1917. 23d Balloon Co. Air Service. Trained
at Ft. Logan one month; to Kelly Field No.
2; at Camp MacArthur; to Camp Morrison; to
Camp Eustis; to Camp Morrison. Sailed from
Newport News September 20 on Duke de Asto;
landed Brest October 3. To a company near
Bois-de-Pammes; to German Hosp. Camp
after armistice, about two months; to
Pont-a-Mousson; to Luxemburg; to Rheims.
Sailed from Marseilles through Strait of Gib-
raltar. Sailfd for U. S. May 30 on Duke de
Abruzzi; landed New York June 18. To Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 30. 1919.

WAI.TOM, GEORGE AI.BERT

Alta
Born June 18, 1S94. Knl. April 25. 191S.
Pvt. Med. Corps, Base Hospital. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Mustered out April 25, 1919.

WEHRENBERG, HENRY

Newell
Born April 8. 1883. Enl. May 10, 1917. Pvt.
Ist-cl. Co. A. 2d Regt. 2d Div. Trained at
Camp Baker. Sailed from New Y'ork Septem-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

219

ber 10 on R. M. S. Carpathia; stayed in Hali-
fax nine days, sailing September 21; landed
Glasgow October 2. By train to Southampton;
crossed Channel to Le Havre. To billeting
area aroun<i Colombey-les-Belles; to Beau-
mont two months; to Chateau-Thierry; went
into lines on Decoration Day and fought with
French against Germans in the big German
drive against Paris, left lines July 5; on July
1 was wounded by high-explosive shrapnel;
to Base Hosp. No. 3; joined company at St.
Mihiel and was in lines there from September
12 to 16; on Champagne front breaking Hind-
enburg Line; to Meuse-Argonne October 1 to
28; rested four days; to Meuse-Argonne again
to November 11; marched to Germany in
Army of Occupation; at Engers December 12
to July 20, 1919; to Brest. Sailed July 24 on
U. S. S. Finland; landed New Yorli August
4. Mustered out August 7, 1919.

WEIiCH, ELTtHH CIiAIRi:

Marathon
Born iJi-cembi-r :;s. is;i5. Enl. July lU. 1917.
Electrician 2d-cl. Radio Service of Navy.
Trained at G. L. N. T. S.; Harvard Univ.;
stationed on U. S. Submarine Chaser No. 211;
May 14 to New London. Conn., as \\'ireless
telephone operator; encountered German sub-
marine in American Submarine Zone and re-
ported one sunli; convoyed troop ships through
submarine zone; stationed at Wasliington, D.
C. September 23, in higli-power wireless sta-
tion, there until March 10, 1919.

WEIiCK, JOHN GABNER
Maratlioii

Born May 25, 1891. Enl. July 28. 1917.
1st Lieut. Dental Corps. Called into active
service at Camp Greenleaf and Ft. Oglethorpe
October 2S, 1918. Stationed there until Decem-
ber 15. Mustered out Ft. Oglethorpe Decem-
ber 15, 1918.

WELCH, THOMAS VERNE
Marathon

Born March 6, 1894. Enl. July 10, 1917.
1st Lieut. Trained at Ft. Snelling July 20,
1917. to October 5. 1917; to Ft. Crook until
January 3, 1918; sent to Third Officers' Train-
ing School at Camp Dodge until April 19; to
Camp Gordon as sgt.; commissioned 2d Lieut.
June 1; sent to Camp Pike until September 1;
to Camp Taylor; commissioned 1st Lieut. Octo-
ber 27, at Camp Taylor. Mustered out Decem-
ber 19, 1919.

WEI.I.S, BERT A.

Marathon
Born July 1:;. 1894. Enl. July 10. 1917.
Electrician, Radio, 2d-cl. Trained at G. L. N.
T. S. until October 28; to Naval Radio School
November 1 to February 24; to receiving ship
at Philadelphia until March 9; joined armed
draft detail at New York March 9, assigned
to duty on S. S. Westwego March 21; made
one trip from New York to Bordeaux; made
five trips to Le Havre from New Orleans;
acted as radio operator on voyages; to receiv-
ing sliip New Orleans June 25, 1919, and re-
mained there until July 28, 1919. Discharged
at G. L. N. T. S. July 30, 1919.

WEI^I-S, EDWARD WELI.S

Marathon

Born September 5, 1896. Enl. October 7, 1917.
Chauffeur, 323d F. S. Bn. Signal Corps. Trained
at Camp Funston until February 7. 1918.
Sailed from New York February 16 on Sus-
quehanna; landed St. Nazaire Marcli 4. Sent
to Nevers for duty; worked in 33d Service Co.
Signal Corps until July 1, 1919; furloughed to
Paris and went to La Bourbole; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed on Panamon July 9; landed New York
July 19. To Camp Merritt. To Camp Dodge.
Mustered out July 29, 1919.

WEI.I.S, wrLIiABD W.

Marathon
Born April 25, 1892. Enl. December 27, 1917.
Pvt. 35th Co. 11th Regt. Marine Corps. Trained
at Mare Island until May 4, 1918; to Norfolk.
Sailed from Norfolk June 4 on U. S. S. Kittery;
to St. Thomas, Virgin Islands June 29 to
April 6, 1919. Sailed from St. Thomas on U.
S. S. Rainbow; landed New Y'ork May 1. Sta-
tioned at New Y'ork Navy Yard until June 15.
Mustered out June 15, 1919.

WESSMAN, CLIFFORD GUY

Altn.
Born January 31, 1894. Enl. July 24. 1918.
Pvt. Co. M, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at
Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt. Sailed from
Hoboken August 30; landed Brest September
12. To St. Georges September 22; to Verdun
October 12; to French Aviation Camp; to Evac.
Hosp. November 8, with influenza; to Base
Hosp. No. 38 November 11; to Brest. Sailed on
U. S. S. Harrisburg March 10; landed Hoboken
March 19. To Debarkation Hosp. No. 3, New
Y'ork City; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
April 5, 1919.

220

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

WESTIiIN, ESKU. M.
Albert City

Boin February 24, 1890. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Corp. Co. 202, 101 Batt. Circulation Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon one month; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed on U. S. S. Plattsburg August
30; Joined convoy ot 13 vessels and sub-
marine chasers; part of convoy went to Eng-
land, part to Prance; docked at Brest Septem-
ber 12. To rest camp; joined M. P. with 41st
Div.; to Autun — first American troops to enter
town — with cavalry training depot detail;
studied traffic control at front; ready to go to
front as mounted patrol when armistice was
signed: to Paris, directed A. E. F. through
city; helped patrol stadium during Inter-Al-
lied Race Meet; to Budapest; to Vienna; to
Paris; to Brest. Sailed on S. S. Siboney; landed
Hoboken October 20. To Camp Dodge. Mus-
tered out October 30, 1919.

WESTPHAI., HENRY A.
Elk Township

Born Augu.st 11, 1894. Enl. May 26, 1918.
Corp. Co. B, 352d Regt. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp Mills. Sailed from
Camp Mills August 16 on British ship Ascan-
ius; landed Liverpool, August 28. Main stops
were Hericourt, Toul and Gondrecourt, was at
the latter place when armistice was signed;
held the front line sector in Alsace for one
week; on way to Metz at time of armistice; to
St. Xazaire. Sailed May 21 on U. S. S. Canon-
icus; landed Newport News June 3. Mustered
out June 26, 1919.

College, Storm Lalve,
December 20, 1918.

Iowa.

Mustered out

■WHITE RABBY DE WAYNE
Sioux Rapids

Born May 6, 1S95. Enl. April 30, 1917.
Elec. 2d-cl. Trained: Electrical School. Brook-
lyn Navy Yard; to convoy duty on U. S. S.
Salem March to June, 191S: submarine hunt-
ing squadron June to December, 1918; at Navy
Yard at Boston; on IT. S. S. Turkey, a mine-
sweeper, which was one of the first to start
and stayed up to the last, finished sweeping the
North Sea Mine Barrage September 30, 1919.

WHITE R. E.

Storm Iiake

Born July 4, 1890. Enl. July 30, 1918. Pvt.

Co. B, 212th Engrs. 12th Div. Trained at

Camp Forrest; to Camp Devens. Mustered out

January 16, 1919.

WHITE, ZENO Z.

Storm liake
Born April 6, 1892. Enl. June 15, 1918.
Corp Hdq. Co. 337th F. A. 88th Div. Trained
at Camp Dodge. Sailed August 16; landed
Liverpool. To Southampton; to Le Havre. To
Clermont; to Ferrant; to Bordeaux, Sailed
from Bordeaux; landed New York. To Camp
Merritt; to Camp Dodge. The chief activities
of the 88th Div. included the center sector of
Haute-Alsace. Mustered out February 1, 1919.

WHEAl;^^, HAROIiD B.

Storm Iiake

Born January 14, 1898. Enl. October 11.

1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena

Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered

out December 11, 1918,

WHEALEN, JAMES F.
Providence Township

Born October 1, 1896. Enl. July 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. I, 316th Regt. 79th Div. Trained
at Camp Gordon. Sailed on U. S. S. Platts-
burg from New York August 30; landed Brest
September 12 To St. Georges two weeks; to
Argonne-Meuse until November 11; entire regi-
ment recommended for bravery and service
here: to Rambluzin; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
May 16 on U. S. S Texan; landed Philadelphia
May 29. Mustered out June 10, 1919.

WHITE, SONAI.!) C.
Storm liake

Born November 15, 1889. Enl. October 3,
1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista

WHITING. BERNARD

Alta
Born October 19, 1893. Enl. August 20.
1918. Quarter Master Corps, Hdq. Co. 315th
Service Bn. Trained at Camp Gordon; to Camp
Merritt. Sailed from Hoboken September

3; landed St. Nazaire September 12. To Camp
No. 1 St. Nazaire; to St. Nazaire Docks; to
Paris and battlefields on leave; to St. Nazaire.
Sailed July 12 on U. S. S. Amphion; landed
Newport News July 27. To Camp Lee; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out August 1, 1919.

WILCOX, FRANK J.

Grant Township
Born August 12, 1893. Enl. February 24,
1918. Pvt. Co. L. 131st Regt. 33d Div.

W^IiIiFONG, FRANK LINCOLN

Alta
Born June 15, 1890. Enl. May 26, 1918.
Corp. Co. M. 352d Inf. SSth Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge; to Camp Mills. Sailed from

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

221

Philadelphia on City of Exeter August 16;
landed Liverpool August 30. To Southampton;
to Le Havre September 1. To Belfort Area;
to Alsace sector; entered trenches October 24;
in action 10 days; to Belfort; to Lucy; to
Pondrecourt area until armistice was signed;
to St. Nazaire. Sailed on U. S. S. Pocahontas
May 21; landed Newport News June 1, 1910.
To Camp Dodge. Mustered out June 14, 1919.

WHiIiIAMS, HAROIiD SI.
Iiiun Grove

Born February 17. 1890. Enl. October 1,

1918. Pvt. S. A. T. C. Studying chemistry
for war work. Mustered out December 21,
1918.

WII.I.IAMS, HERMAN
Rembrandt
Born April 4, 1897. Enl. July 14, 1917.
Mech. Ambulance Co. 27, Hdq. Train, Med.
Dept. Trained at Ft. Clark, eight months do-
ing border patrol duty. Sailed from U. S.
March 18, 1918; landed France. Spent two
months in training at Chateauvillain; first in
action May 31; participated in battles at Cha-
teau-Thierry Area; Aisne defensive; Cham-
pagne-Marne defensive, Aisne-Marne offensive,
St. Mihiel offensive, and Argonne offensive;
motor dispatch rider in and around Chateau-
Thierry in June, July and August; in Army of
Occupation from December 2 until August 10.

1919. Sailed from Brest on U. S. S. Canan-
daigua August 15; landed Hoboken August 26.
To Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered
out September C, 1919.

from Marseilles June 16 in Casual Co. 999;
stopped at Gibraltar 3 days, also at a port in
Africa; landed New York July 2. To Camp
Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out July
16, 1919.

WITTHAUER, ROY E.
StorTn Ijake

Born March 24, 1898. Enl. October 7. 1918.
Pvt. S. A. T. C. Trained at Buena Vista Col-
lege, Storm Lake, Iowa. Mustered out Decem-
ber 20, 1918.

WITZKE, WrLlIAM

Newell
Born December 3, 1899. Enl. May 26, 1918.
Pvt. Co. D, 352d Inf. 88th Div. Trained at
Camp Dodge. Sailed from New York August
18; landed Liverpool August 28. To South-
ampton; to Cherbourg September 1. To St.
Georges; to Alsace-Lorraine front about four
weeks; retired near Metz front until armis-
tice; to Leftol-le-Grande; to Army of Occu-
pation near Coblenz; to St. Nazaire. Sailed
May 21 on S. S. Canavius; landed Newport
News June 3, 1919. Mustered out June 13,
1919.

'WOEHI.ER, OTTO HENRY
Grant Township

Enl. July 30, 191S. I'vt. Medical Replm.
Unit No. 37. Trained at Camp Grant.

WIIiIiIAMSON, wii.i;is c.

Providence Township

Born May 15, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. F, 77th Regt. 14th Div. Trained at
Camp Custer; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
January 28, 1919.

WITT, EMII. R.
Storm Iiake
Born November 7, 1898. Enl. April 11, 1917.
Pvt. Co. M, 2d Iowa National Guards, later to
Co. B, 133d Inf. Trained at Camp Hyatt one
month; to Camp Cody ten months; transferred
to 127th M. G. Co., to Co. H, 133d Inf., to
Hdq. Co. 133d Inf., to Co. B, 133d Inf.; to
Camp Merritt; to Boston. Sailed on Runic
May 28; journeyed by way of Halifax; landed
Liverpool. To Junell; to Southampton; to Le
Havre. To St. Aignan, transferred to 116th
Motor Suply Train, transferred to Hdq. De-
tachment; to Nancy; to Coblenz; to Riviera
Leave Area December 17, visited Nice. Sailed

WOLCOTT, JOHN DRAKE

Poland Township

Born November 12, 1M9. Enl. November 6,
1918. Religious Work Director, Trained at
Camp Dodge at the Y, M. C. A. College, Chi-
cago. Service in Camp Dodge with Y. M. C.
A, men in general camp service — most of the
time at Y No. 91. Promoted to Hut Secre-
tary. Mustered out May 20, 1919.

WOIiFE, AIiBERT T.

Truesdale
Born May 5, 1894. Enl. July 24, 1918.
Pvt. Co. E, Art. B. A. Inf. 308th Art. 77th Div.
Trained at Camp Gordon; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed from Hoboken August 28 on U. S. S.
Plattsburg: landed Prance. Went to head-
quarters of 77th Div., 308th Inf., in the first
part of October; in Argonne until armistice.
Landed in U. S. .\pril 29, 1919. with the 304th
P. A. Mustered out May 18, 1919.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

VTRIGHT, BERNARD
Providence Township

Born June 8, 1897. Enl. July 15, 1918.
Seaman 2d-cl. Guard Co. Navy. Trained at
G. L. N. T. S.; to Camp Parragut; to Camp
Boone two months; in hospital with influenza
two and a half months; to Camp Decatur; to
Camp Dewey. Mustered out January 21, 1919.

WRIGHT, MART E.
Providence Township
Born December 7. 1890. Enl. February 23,
1918. Pvt. 1st cl. Base Hosp. No. 114, Med.
Corps. Trained at Ft. Riley until April 1;
to Camp Crane; to Hoboken. Sailed from Ho-
boken June 5; landed St. Nazaire June 18. To
Camp Beau Desert; part of time in detached
service with 2Sth Engrs. Truck and Motor-
cycle; September 5 with Surgical Team to
Souilly; October 20 rejoined outfit; at Bordeaux
for operation. Sailed November 28 on U. S.
S. Sierra; landed Hoboken December 9. To
Camp Merritt; to Camp Dodge. Mustered out
January 21, 1919.

YERINGTON-, IiESTER HAROI.S
Storm Iiake
Born October 3, 1896. Enl. April 3, 1917.
Sgt. 16th Kegt. Med. Corps. Trained at Jef-
ferson Barracks. Mustered out January 16,
1919.

YOUNG, CKARI.es E.

Ne'well
Born August 1, 1891. Enl. June 15, 1918.
Pvt. Co. 798. Training Detachment, Motor
Transport Corps. Trained at Iowa State Col-
lege; at Valparaiso; at Purdue; to Truck
Masters' School for commission; at O. T. C. ;
to Ft. Sheridan; to Hoboken. Mustered out
March 11, 1919.

YOUNGSTROM, RUDOI.FH A.

Hayes Township

Born October 8, 1893. Enl. February 24, 1918.
Platoon sgt. Co. E, 351st Inf. S8th Division.

Trained at Camp Dodge until August 7; to
Camp Mills. Sailed on Scotian August 16;
landed Liverpool August 28. To France, Sep-
tember 3. Trained at Paulinet and Champey
more than a month; moved up unto the Bel-
fort sector October 6; into front line trenches
October 19, in trenches two weeks; to rest
camp at Chaux two weeks; to Tou! sector
November 9; near front when armistice was
signed; to Houdelaineourt for one month's
after-war training; to Lif£ol-le-Grande; con-
voyed special train into Germany, Luxemburg,
and Lorraine to the Army of Occupation,
Sailed from Brest May 21; landed Newport
News June 1. To Camp Morrison; to Camp
Dodge. Mustered out June 7, 1919.

YOTJNGSTROM, WII.I.IAM P.
Hayes Township
Born February 8, 1886. Enl. January 15,
1918. Pvt. Aviation Service. Trained at
School of Military Aeronautics, transferred to
to Machine Gun Branch Officers' Training
Camp with 21st Co., at Camp Hancock. Mus-
tered out January 2, 1919.

ZOFPKA, JOHN H.
Coon Township

Born May 5, 1896. Enl. July 24, 1918. Pvt.
Co. B, 316th Inf. 79th Div. Trained at Camp
Gordon until August 15; to Camp Merritt.
Sailed from Hoboken on U. S. S. Plattsburg
August 31; landed Brest September 12. To
St. Georges from September IS to October 2; to
Verdun sector October 5 to 18; to Meuse-Ar-
gonne front October 25, in offensive until
November 4; wounded by machine-gun bullet
through chest November 4; taken ijrisoner of
war, released from prison November by ad-
vance of American Forces; to Base Hosp. at
Contrexeville November 24 until December 28;
to Bordeaux until January 31. Sailed on
Bastores, February 1; landed Newport News
February 16, 1919. To Camp Stewart; to
Camp Dodge. Mustered out March 13, 1919.

List of Those in World War from
Buena Vista County

In December, 1918. when tlie publisher of this volume first started gathering
data, a list of names of those in the service from this county was started. On the
original list were the names secured from the library at Storm Lake, from the
recorder's office, and those from the draft board. To this list were added other
names as checked from the county newspapers, handed in by friends, and those
from the family questionnaires which were sent or presented to each family in
the county.

As the information was received for the service records the names were checked
oiif the list. The following list of names are those on which we have not lieen able
to secure data.

A personal call has been made at every home in Buena \'ista County, letters
have been sent a number of times to the addresses given and this list of names has
been advertised in all the papers in the county but up to the time of going to press
(January 6, 1920) we have not been able to get these records completed.

Some of these names, no doubt, are misspelled and we have the record under
the proper name, others are those included through error and are not enlisted
from this county, a large number of the names are of men who were merely tran-
sient residents and have not returned to the county, and a few who have neglected
to give or turn in the desired information.

The list is published in order that all who represented Buena Msta County in
the World War may have credit for doing so. No doubt a few names are missing
from both this list and from the service records. To these people we can only
express iregret. as we have conscientiously tried to have every person represented
in this book who was entitled to mention through service rendered to our Nation
during the past war.

R. C. Au.spach. Sioux Rapids
Carl A. Anderson. Sioux Rapids
Artliur Anderson. Sioux Rapids
Arthur W. Appel. Coon Township
Stanley Amidown. Sioux Rapids

Gold Star
Albert Anderson. Alta
Alfred Anderson. Sioux Rapids
Wallace Alexander, ,-Mta
Aldrich. Scott Township
H. C. Anderson. Sioux Rapids
Louis Alsin. Coon Township
James Britchell
Frank S. Buzette. Storm Lake
Ray V. Barrick. Alta
Oscar Berf^wall. All>ert City
Walter A. Brookes, Lincoln Township
Austin E. Brown, Lee Township
Albert O. Becker. Storin Lake
Chr. Berreson. Newell
Emmanuel Bersr. Lincoln
Cha.s. W. Burkholder
Julius Ber^son

Clayton Birchard. Lincoln Township
Hans M. Bonde, Albert City
Harold Carlson, Lincoln Township

Harry Carlberg

H. H. Carter

Chas. Colburn. Alta

Wm. Clifton. Storm Lake

Clarence Coombs. Storm Lake

Elmer Christensen

Archie V. Cox. Scott Township

Howard Cramer

Chas. Coakley. Providence Township

Ray Churtz, Grant Township

Clyde Crist. Lincoln Township

Raymond Christopher, Storm Lake

Leo Cosgro^'e, Alta

Guy Colburn. Sioux Rapids

Joseph F. Distel. Washington Township

Edward Deppe. Storm Lake

George Degner. Coon Township

Davidson, Scott Township

Florent Uistel, Washington Township

Theron B. Doll, Providence

Damon P. Edwards. Storm Lake

Philip Ellrich. Storm Lake

John J. Egan

George Ellright. Storm Lake

Paul E. Ericksen, Sioux Ri\pids

Wm. T. Elliston. Storm Lake

224

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Arnold E. Erling, Ijiiin Grove

Arlie Ford. Alta

Wm. H. Fields

Pete Graveson. Newell

Harry D. Gordon. Storm Lake

Ray Greene. Storm Lake

Edward Glynn. Sioux Rapids

Gold Star
Louis Gehring-. Sioux Rapids
Wm. Glending
Chris. Gravesen. Newell
Franklin Giddings. Fairview
Ross Hart. Storm Lake
Dr. Wm. Hubbard. Rembrandt
Urbert Holm. Lincoln Township
Arthur Haviland. Grant Township
Martin M. Hanson, Newell
James K. Husted. Newell
Fred R. Hemmimgson, Lincoln Township
Clyde Houdershell, Storm Lake
Raymond Hanson
Harold H. Henkle, Alta
Herman V. H.ielm, Nokomis Township
Carl Ham. Washington Township
H. M. Hahn. Sioux Rapids
Donald Johnson. Albert City
Manfred Johnson, Alta
Gust Johnson. Maple Valley Township
Pearl Wm. Johnson. Maple Valley Township
Jens B. Jensen. Newell
Jean Jacobsen. Alta
Jean Jensen. Alta
Paul Jensen. Newell
Earnest Johnson. Nokomis Township
Oscar E. Johnson. Albert City
Niels J. E. Jensen. Coon Townsliip
Eustace James, Hayes Township
Ralph Johnson. Maple Valley Township
Otto Johnson. Maple A'alley Township
Everett Kinney, Scott Township
Michael Raster. Nokomis Township
Arthur Koth. Alta
C. F. Kay

John Kevane. Storm Lake
John Koch. Maple Valley Township
Wm. Kinney

Paul Koch, Hayes Township
"Wilhert W. Larson. Barnes Township
Henry Little. Elk Township
Otto V. Larson. Newell
Christ A. Larson
Clyde Leevey
Peter L. Linding
John R. Leach. Newell
Severt Larson. Nokomis Township
Max S. Littlefield

Marinus Larson. Maple Valley Township
Albin Larson, Maple Valley Township
Jas. Martin
John Montgomery

Christ "W'. Magnusen, Hayes Township
Conrad H. Mehkosch, Maple Valley Township
Carl Molgaard, Linn Grove
R. D. Morgan. Storm Lake
Fred Moeler. Storm Lake

Ralph Marten. Storm Lake

C. P. Malliston. Storm Lake

Arthur Miller. Alta

Elzie MacDonald. Nokomis Township

Alfred Machiprang, Coon Township

John Matson. Washington Township

W. H. McLain. Storm Lake

Edwin Mickelson, Linn Grove

Fred Meinking

Chris. Mark. Fairview

Hans Nielson. Newell

Albert Nelson. Alta

Eric A. Nissing. Hayes Township

Marianus Nielsen. Lee Township

Niels P. Nielson. Lincoln Township

Niels Nielson. Newell

Ule Olson. Linn Grove

John Henry Otten. Scott Township

Lars Olson. Coon Township

Jesse Osmonsen. Fairfield Township

John E. O'Niel, Scott Township

John Peters. Alta

Albert K. Peterson. Newell

Fred C. J. Peters, Storm Lake

Thorwald Pederson. Coon Township

C. L. Pingel, Brooke Township

Herbert Plagman

J. Rutherford. Storin Lake

Wm. Richard

George Reed

Chas. E. Rice. Sioux Rapids

Samuel P. Roub, Storm Lake

Fred W. H. Ruehle. Storm Lake

Claude W. Robbins

Joseph Storey. Storm Lake

Robert Stewart

Walter F. Streight. Storm Lake

Ernest H. Scarborough. Nokomis Tow'nship

Frithiof Swanson. Nokomis Township

George A. Stanley, Brooke Township

Henry H. Stradtman. Coon Township

Elmert E. Swanson. Alta

Floyed Smith. Truesdale

Paul Starr. Washington Township

Miss Stacy

Nels Thompson, Nokomis Township

Hans Tvedten, Lee Township

Roy R. Thomsen, Maple Valley Township

Stanley Todd. Hayes Township

E. L. Thomas. Sioux Rapids

Aubrey G. Thompson, Newell Township

Roy Van Cleve

Ira Wedge. Storm Lake

Jacob White. Storm Lake

Cliflord Waterman. Newell

John Warta. Barnes Township

Verne Welch. Storm Lake

Frank White, Storm Lake

Ross Wilson. Newell

Clarence Waterman. Providence Township

Fred D. Weiland. Scott Township

Carl Westergaard. Newell

Waldemar Westergaard. Newell

Cecil Waldron. Rembrandt

Rudolph Brecher
Alta

John F. Chent-y
Newell

A, B. Clans
Sioux Rapids

George Currier
Storm Lake

James Hervey Haughey
Storm Lake

William Holmes
Scott Township

George \V. Jolinson
Storm Lake

Joseph Schultz
Providence Township

Pr ^^*

Tyler E. Sprague
Alta

Christian Stamm
Alta

Samuel Stangland
Alta

Civil War Veterans — Service Records

The editor and tlu- publisher of the War History of Jiueiia \ista County, de-
sirous of giving; representation to the veterans of the Civil War, secured the ser-
vice records of a number of veterans who served durinii; that period of our na-
tional gTowtih when internal dissension threatened our united existence. With
all honor to those men who served our country in its most trying hour in order
that the governmental integrity of the United States might he preserved and
developed, we present these records of military service of Civil War veterans.
Civil War veterans were back of all of the various activities.

BBECHEK, BtTDOIiFH

Alta
Born August 25. lN4:i. Enl. September 11,
1S61. Pvt. Co. B, .3iith 111. Inf. 2cl Div. 4tli
Army Corp.s. Battles: Pea Riilse. Pi-rryville,
Stone Ri\-er. Vicksliurj?. Cliickamaiiga. Siege
of C'liattanooga, Missionary Ridge. IVacli Tree
Creek. Atlanta. Lovejoy, .lonesboi-o. Pulaski.
Spring Hill. Franklin. Nashville. Wounded
in head at Chickamauga. A^ustered out Octo-
ber 13. 1865.

CHENEY, JOHN F.
Newell

Born April 19. lS4i. Knl. August 15. 1SG2.
2d Corp., Co. G. 26th Iowa Inf.. 1st Div.. 15th
Army Corps. Service: Arkansas Post: Vicks-
burg. August 22-28: Siege of Jack.son; to
Branden, Miss.: at I^ookout Mnu*itain; Mission-
ary Ridge: Ringgold: Resaca: Kenesaw Moun-
tain: Atlanta. Jul>- 22-2S: to .lonesLtoro: I..o\ e-
Joy .Station; Taylor's Ridge; Raid from Atlanta
to Sa\'annali; through Soutli Carolina and
North Carolina to Bart(m\ille. Mustered out
at Washington. D.C.. June 6. 1S65.

many small battles and skirmishes at differ-
ent points in Alabama and Tennessee, and
while marching through (Georgia and North
Carolina. Mustered out .lune 10. 1865.

HAUG-HE'S', JAMES HEBVET

Storm Iiake
Born Januar\' ill. 1N4H. lOnl. in winter of
IStil. Pvt. Co. G. 46th Illinois Volunteer Inf.
Trained: Jackson, Mi.ss., July 6-7; to Fort
Blakely; in Mobile Campaign. Mustered out
January, 1S66.

HOLMES, WILLIAM
Scott Township
Born June 21. 1843. Enl. April 26. 1861.
Pvt. Co. K, 5th (Light) Artillery. 1st Div.,
20th Army Corps. Trained: Harrisburg, Pa.,
and Washington. D.C. Battles: Siege of
Vorktown; Mechanicsville; Gaines Hill; Gaines
Mills; Savitz .Station; Malvern Hill; Freder-
icksburg; C'hancellorsville; Bull Run; Antie-
tam; Gettysburg; Atlanta; with Sherman on
March to Sea. Mustered out at Key West,
Fla.. February 13, 1S67.

CLAUS, A. B.
Sioux Bapids

Born Mav 10. 1S4S. Enl. January 31. 1S65.
Pvt. Co. H, 26th New York Cav. Trained:
Sacketf's Harbor, New York. Mustered out
July 7. 1865.

CUBBIEB, GEOBGE

Storm Lake
Knl. March 2, lHlii. Pvt. Co. H, 13th Inf..
3(1 Div; re-enli.sted in 7th Mississippi Bittery.
January 2, 1864. Service: Moundsville; at
Yellow Bayou. Mustered out in November,
1SG5.

JOHNSON, GEORGE W.
Storm Lake
Pvt. Co. K. 2:Jd Wisconsin Vohinteer Inf.
Left Madison. Wis., with the regiment Sep-
tember 15, 1862. Battles. Chickasaw Bayou,
December 25-31; Ft. llinaman, January 11;
Cypress Bend. February i;t: Ft. Gibson. May 1;
Chamnion Hill. May 16; Black River Bridge,
May 17; Vicksburg. May 111 to July 4; Jack-
son. July 12-23; Carrion Crow Bayou. Novem-
ber 3; wounded and sent to prison at Sabine
Cross Roads. April 8; Cane River, April 23;
Jackson. La., October 5; Siege of Mobile. March
2 to .\pril 12. 1865. Under fire, during ser-
vice, 74 days; traveled by railroad 1.044 miles,
by steamboat 6.478 miles.

HABLAN, JOHN ADDISON P.

Storm Lake

Born January 1. 1X4 1. Knl. August 12.
1S62. Corp. Co. A, 39th Iowa Inf.. 4th Div.,
15th Army Corps. Service: Pasher's Cross
Roads; Altoona. Ga.; saw active service in

MADSON, N.

Storm Lake

Born April 21, 1.S4::. Enl. July 23. 1864.

Pvt. Co. A. 13th Wis. Regt. Landed in U. S.,

May 20, 1864. Mustered out at San Antonio,

Texas, November 24, 1865.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA MSTA COUNTY 227

MATSON, CHARLES P.

Storm Iiake

Born February 27, 1847. Eiil. October 1.

1S64. Pvt. Co. B, 44th Wis. Inf. Trained:

Nasliville. Tenn. MiKstered i>iit August 2S.

1S65..

MOORE, HENRY G.

Storm Iiake

Enl. August 5. 18fi3. at age of 21 years. Pvt.
Co. K, 8th Iowa Cavalry. Mustered out at
Macon, Oa., August 13, 1S{;5.

SCHUI.TZ, JOSEPH
Providence Townsliip
Born April 22, 1837. Enl. A\igust 27. 1S63.
Pvt. Co. F, 76th Penn. Inf. Traini'd: Hilton
Head Island. Was in all the sliirmislii-s around
Petersburg: wounded when tin- I'uri was l.>lo\\'n
up at Peter.sburg. Discliarged, on account of
physical disaliility. June 2. l.siir*.

Company. Capt. James Hankins. Mustered
out at Davenport, Iowa. September 23. 1864.
Tlie 4(Jth Inf. was a lOO-iiay regiment. It
went into ser\'ice at Davenpi^rt. June 10. 1S64,
was sent to Cairo and tlience to Mempliis, ar-
ri\"ing June 20. Tlu- regiment on .lune 27
was ordered to Camp KooUout ^\■i^ere tlie men
did lieavy duty on picliet and had several light
sliirmishes in August. Returned to Memphis
September 10, 1864; to Davenport to be mus-
tered out.

SPBAGUE, TYI.ER E.

Alta
Born December 21, 1S4.".. Enl. January 24,
1862: re-enlisted January .'i, 1.S64. Sgt. Co.
G. 8th Vermont Inf.. 2d Brig., 1st Div., I9th
Army Corps. Promotions: Corporal .lanuary
1. 1S64: Sergeant, July 1, 1SB4. Service: Siege
of Poi't Hudson under constant tire for forty-
four days, the regiment suffi-ring daily casual-
ties: also in several other battles and skirm-
ishes. Mustered out June 2S, IS65.

SCOVEIi, HENRY JASPER

Newell
Born January 7, 1839. Enl. October 19, 1S64.
Pvt. Co. D, 4th Inf.. 1st Div. Service: Savan-
nah. Ga.: Bartonsville. N. C; Raleigh. N. C;
with Sherman on March to the Sea. Mustered
out at Louisville, Kentucky.

STAMIKI, CHRISTIAN

Alta
Born November 7. lM:i. iOnl. June 4, ISfil.
Pvt. Co. G, 20th 111. Inf. Trained: Joliet. 111.
Pvt. Stamm's regiment was one of the regi-
ments of the First Call for 7ri.(iilO men. Ser-
vice: In action undel" (lenerals (Jrant. IjOgan,
and McPherson. Mustered out June 22, 1864.

SmTR, ROBERT H.

Newell
Born August 14. 1X47. Knl. June 10. 1864.
Pvt. Co. F, 46th Io%va Inf. In training dur-
ing entire period of service. Commander of
regiment. Col. D. B. Henderson: Captain of

STANai.AND, SAMTTEI.

Alta

lanuary :;7, 1M2. Enl. February 28,

Born

IS6,'.. Pvt. Co. H,
Chattanooga, Tenn,
27, 1S65.

l.^iSth 111. Inf. Trained:
Mustered out September

There are
tret data.

a nuiiihcr i

if others ill the countv from wlioni we were not able to

"Babies

Buena Visia County Babies born while Their Fathers were in the Service

George C. Barnes
Providence Township
Parents: Mr. and Mrs.
George C. Barnes.

Claude Merle Bright
Sioux Rapids
Parents: Claude L. Bright
(deceased) and Mrs. Claude
L. Bright.

Huena Jane Caskey
Rembrandt
Parents: Mr. and Mrs. B.
K. Caskey.

Venetta Jt-an Goodness

Storm Lake
Parents: Mr. and Mrs.
Frank Goodness.

Donald Holderness
Nokomis Township
Parents: Mr. and Mrs.
Aaron B. Holderness.

Jt-annette Alvira Hackt-rson _ Newell

Albert City Parents: Mr. and Mrs.

Parents: Mr. and Mrs. Al- Denton Layman.
bert Hackerson.

Arnold Marius Olsen
Newell
Parents: Mr. and Mrs.
Marius J. Olsen.

Helen Mari-- l'<if.i
Newell
Parents: Mr. and
Alex. Porath.

Newell
Parents: Mr. and
Charles Peterson.

Dorothy Lorene Tolliver

Storm Lake
Parents: Otis Tolliver
(deceased) and Mrs. Otis
Tolliver.

O
60

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5=S

6 =

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O £

o .

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o M

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«^&-»k.

Men.

i,'«": (

CITISENS

5T0RMLRK

AND

UICINITY

Barbara Harding, daushtL-r of Governor and
Mrs. W. L. Harding, and crated goose pre-
sented to the governor. This goose brought
S.S.nnn at Red Oross s-.Ue

Buena Vi.sta county "Ilainbow" bo>' in gas
mask. Guess who

Highview Red Cross sale March 18, 1918. Tlie calf on the auctioner's block brought $497,74

at auction

*. 7

storm Laki- l-'iie i leiiaTtim-iit in Armistice Day Parade, 1918

Public speeches, Armistice Day, 1918. T. H. Cliapman and Stanton dinger of Buena Vista

College, spealving

Selective service contingent leaving Storm Lake. July 25. 191S

Spruce log on motor truck lU W iHiams Landing. Washington

E. B. Ackerman and the goose that was sold and resold ""«»%'" Hard'ini''""" "'^^ "'''""''
This goose was later presented to Governor W . L. Haiding

Highview service Has

Alta lieil Cross goat. Presented by Eimer and Everett

Sandine. sons of Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Sandine; sold for

$6,000

- >->

.... ..-i^Sff^tk

Twelve-inch mortar, Fortress Monroe, Virginia. Projectile

weighs 1,070 pounds, shoots four and a half miles in the

air. and at a maximum range of 15,000 yards

American rolling kitchen at Niederzissen, Germany. Left cross marks Fred Robinson;

right cross marks Walter Crissy

Interesting Views Sent Home by
Buena Vista County Men

A German offloeis' tlug-oiit — a stronghold built of successive layers of steel and concrete

several feet in thicl<ness

Captured German ammunition carts. Oscar J. Olsen to riglit. Photo taken by group of

American Engineers

Salvage gatlnr-rcd by EriKiiii. r.s. H.:i|i.s sinillar tu tliis were gathered every few roils and
cnntained material of every description

Puvenelle woods

In the Puvenelle Woods near Metz. showing a heavily shelled area formerly the German first
line. A mass of barbed wire, trenches, shell holes and shattered trees — truly "No Man's

Land"

Gorman uiulorgroiiml kitclipii used by the Yanks. Note "Kas alar'ni" and sin II si'arreii tree

I''ay-en-Ha>'r, I''i-anco

Harhed wire entanfjl'enicnts in tlu' St. Miliii-1 Srctm-. Mostly of (terman construction, but
later rebuilt and strengtlioned by the Yanks to bold off Oernian oonnter-attack.s. The irreg-
ular lines in the distance arc successiye waves of wire

One of the lar^t^r shell hoU^s — the result of an aerial bomb

German observation post in a forest

Billets back of second lines. Badonvillers,
Lorraine front. Company M, 168th Regt.

Chris Jorgensen says he found more comfort lu-re than at any place he visited

German prisoners working ^'H t'"' di-cks at St. Nazair

^i-'^jpic-

Y-A

:i^';:ii

Li3

^V«}..»J».

-- ^jl^-.

momii ififo action "^fi'ance '

A typical German dug-out. occupied hy the Vanl<s after its capture. The shelter at the left

of the entrance protected the gas guard at night froin flying shell fragments. Suspended

from the post at the right is a short length of railroad rail used as a gas alarm. In the

left hand corner can be seen a "dud." a shell that failed to explode

Village of Flirey. France

Yanks in front line trencli watcliing "Xo-Man's Land," France

Camouflaged Road

U. S. Coast Artillery

U. S. S. Rambler

American Ambulance

Our Honored Dead

Ruined Homes

American Camp in I^orraine Sector. ;it Vaux-i t-i 'luiiUegrue

"No-Man's Land," Lorraine Sector

.Marshal Foch and General Pershing at L'hauniont,
General Headquarters

German machine gun. I''ilm from which this picture was printeil was found on the battlc-
fleld at Thiacourt by Carl E. Jolinson. Albert City

Near a dug-out in France. Leo McFadden, a Buena Vista
county gold star man. is in this picture

, i

it#:i,. -.,v«B.-^

.yr" '^•,'^4ml^

:5;^.,;,,;./' -•;.., '

fe.;i' -.•'■ 1^^ ■

Grave nf Ted Butler, one of the first nun m ("nmpany M,
16Sth Infantry, who met death; Lorraine front

Horses killed by German bombardment on Champagne front

.»^

United States army observation Ijalloon, talien at Balloon School, A.

inllated and ready to ascend

1'^. F. Saiisaij

In DuCf mbt-r, li'lT. when the Amer-
ican fleet arrived in En,T:land. two
British planes were stunting: above
the U. S. S. Wyomins". They clashed
together about 2011 feet off the star-
board beam of the battleship. One
man was saved, but two went down
witli the planes. About a month
later when the Wyoming was hoist-
ing anchor one of the planes caught
and was hauled up. It wns one
of the missing planes with the
pilot strapped in his seat. Tlie
photograph is furnished by Henry
K. Reese, an Alta man wlio was a
musician on the Wyoming

HOME!

Doi-othy Gregg
Storm Lake

Blanche Olson
8torm Lake

Mary L. McKee
Storm Lake

Anna Riley
Storm Lake

Liirene Swope
Storm Lake

With the call for nu-n for the army ;tiul navy camo a call for trained stenographic and
office workers to take care of the immense amount of details necesi=ary to keepinpr proper
record of all the war activities. Girls from all over the U. S. A. answered the call as they
could fill the places of many men who were more needed in active service.

The war department erected a great many dormitories to accommodate tlie large additional
population of the city of Washington.

The following young ladies from Buena Vista county answered the call: Gladys Burke,
Dorothy Gregg, Christy Haughey. Marjorie Oates, Blanche Olson, Esther Point. Lurene
Swope. Merle Soeth. Kdna Unger, and Ethel Van Cleve.

Red Cross Motor Transnort Corps. Storm Lake

M. O'Connor and Newell Red Cross Turkey which w-as donated and sold for $3,100

(".roup of cliartHi- mcobcrs of what was originally oiganized as the War Mothers' Service Club; later nierj

national organization of War Mothers of America

Poland Township ICxccuti-\'e <;'omriiittee War Service Association: Sanford
Lundgren. chairman; Chas. Thomas, J. W. Tremain, Frank Lally, Will Geary

W. F. Anderson

Linn Grove

County Food Administrator

Henry !■■. Almliulu

Coon

Exec. Com. War Service

Geo. B. And. 1.SMU

Barnes

Chairman Wood Fuel

Miss Beda Anderson

LincoIn-L.ee
Secretary Red Cross

James G. Anderson

Coon
Council of Defense

AV. G. Avenall

Providence

Exec. Com. War Service

Ira Angier

Storm Lalve Township

Exec. Com. War Service

J. H. Allen

Alt a
Exec. Com. War Service

Miss Edna Bradley

Hig;hvi«-w
Secretary Red Cross

A. H. Barnett

Linn Grove

Council of Defense

Fred C. Bitter

Sulphur Springs

Food Administrator

Nils Children

Brooke

Exec. Com. War Service

Dr. E. D. Bangheart

Storm Lake

Medical Examiner Draft Bd.

A. L. Bergiing

Albert City

Exec. Com. War Service

Chas. Blomgren

ILiincoln

Exec. Com. War Service

.1. R. Bell

Storm Lake

Publicity Liberty Loan

Mrs. B. S. i;i,\s.iii Oscar Bodine O. L. Byam S.A.Bennett

Albert City Scott Lee Lee

Women's Defense Council Exec. Com. War Service Exec. Com. War Service Exec. Com. War Service

Mrs. R. J. Bradley

Highview

Chairman Red Cross

Mrs. Hoy Burr

Sioux Rapids

Secretary Red Cross

Henry Berg

Linn Grove

Exec. Com. War Service

H. C. Bodholt

Providence

Exec. Com. War Service

O. F. Bellows

Coon

Exec. Com. War Service

J. E. Bulanil

Storm Lake

Legal Advisory Board

J. C. Bell

Storm Lake

Co. Baker Rep. Food Admr.

Mrs. Geo. Chaney

Newell

Cliairman Red Cross

Pat Clancy

Storm Lake

Co. Enforcement Repr.

Mr.s. Martin i 'liri.stensen H. H. ('ovey ii-a Canon

Sioux Rapids Rembrandt Hayes

Vice Chairman Red Cross County Fuel Administrator Climn. War Service Assn.

D. H. Carpenter

Alta

Council of Defense

Otto Dokken

Linn Grove

Exec. Com. War Service

Jas. De Land

Storm Lake

Chmn. Legal Advisory Bd.

T. E. De Spain

Lincoln

Exec. Com. War Service

Dr. J. A. Delahunt

Marathon
Food Administrator

.1. J. Dulty

Storm Lalce

Price Int. Food Admr.

Mrs. I. P. Davidson

Sioux Rapids

Vice Cliairman Red Cross

Alfii-d Daniilsdn

Altjert City

Exec. Com. War Service

W. C. Kdson

Storm Lalie

Bureau Military Affairs

T. D. F.ilers

Storm Lalie

County Food Administrate:

J. T. Edson

Storm Lake Townsliip

Exec. Com. War Ser\'ice

W. L. Ernst

Ijincoln

Cliairman War Stamps

Mrs. W. D. Ernst

Truesdale

Cliairman Red Cross

Oscar Erickson

Linn Grove

Exec. Com. War Service

Mrs. H. E. Erickson

Linn Grove

Vice Chairman Red Cross

H. C. Erickson

Brooke

Exec. Com. War Service

Ben Eno

Washington

Exec. Com. War Service

C. O. Frii-.llunil

Linn Gro\e

Exec. Com. Wai- Service

Geo. Rov planning

Scott
Council of Defense

Mrs. Geo. R. Fanning

Fairview
Cliairman Red Cross

Laura H. Figert

Mai'athon

Cliairman \\'ar Stamps

I-'ncl I'. l''oster

Storm lvalue

Bui'eau Military Affairs

W. E. Gaffey

Hays

Council of Defense

\Vm. Gutel

"V^'aslling:ton

Chnin. War Service Assn.

W. L. Geisinger C- M- Hanson H. .T. Hahne fi- R- Haines

Storni Lake Townshio '^^'^ Storm Lake Hays

Exec. Com. War Service Exec. Com. War Service Bureau Military Affairs Chmn. 11th Dist. War Em.

J. M. Hussey

West Grant

Chmn. War Service Assn.

Miss Gertrude Hanson Mrs. O. H. Hesla A. B. Heatli

Fairview lL,inn Grove Providence

Secretary Red Cross Vice Cliairman Red Cross Exec. Com. War Service

L-

T. F. Houseliolder Henry Hadenfeldt A. E. Harrison

Newell Township Lincoln Storm Lake

Chmn. War Service Assn. Exec. Com. War Service Chairman Victory Boys

Henry Haase

Fairview

Treasurer Red Cross

Miss Mae Hamilton

Storm Lake

Publicity Food Admr.

V. E. Herbert

Storm Lake

Council of Defense

Mrs. Wm. Haxby

Hiirhview

Women's Defense Council

F. F. Higgins

Grant

Council of Defense

N. H. Johnson .Toc-1 E. Johnson

Storm Lake Sec. B. V. Co. Farm Imp.

Secretary Y. M. C. A. Drive Assn.

' ;. Jnlmson
Elk
Exec. Com. War Service

Anilrew Jolinson

Linn Grove

Exec. Com. War Service

Mrs. Geo. A. Johnson

Highview
Treasurer Red Cross

James Jensen

Providence

Exec. Com. War Service

A. Kacmarynski Miss Bertha Knight

Scott Storm Lake

Exec. Com. War Service County Demonstration Agt.

Mrs. R. U. Kinne

Storm Lake

Secretary Red Cross

Roy U. Kinne

Storm Lake

Legal Advisory Board

L. P. Lund

Newell Township

Exec. Com. War Service

Frank Lindllef

Brooke

Chmn. War Service Assn.

James Lewiston J. O. Landsness

Linn Orove Lee

Exec. Com. ^Ya^ Service Chairman War Stamps

Levi G. Landsness

Lee

Treasurer Red Cross

Geo. H. Larson

Nokomis

Chmn. War Service Assn.

Miss Alice Larson

Albert City
Secretary Red Cross

K. F. Layman Dr. J. W. Morrison Clios. H. J. Mitchell

Newell Alta Storm Lake

Exec. Com. War Service Medical Examiner Dft. Bd. Ciim. Speakers Liberty Loan

Fred Mangold

Linn Grove

Exec. Com. War Service

Mrs. Will McGrew

Rembrandt

Secretary Red Cross

Mrs. C. T. Millard

Storm Lake

County Chmn. Women's

Guy E. Mack

Storm Lake

Gov. Appeal ARt. Draft Bd.

Defense Council

Miss Mabel F. Moore

Albert City
Secretary Red Cross

Ilev. W. T. Mclinnald

Storm Lake

Co. Chmn. Armenian Relief

.S. H. McCIure

Storm Lake

Publicity Work

Peter Mutson

Nokomis

Exec. Com. War Service

Jens Miller

Elk

Council of Defense

E. M. Xlatzdorf

Elk

Climn. War Ser\ice Assn.

W. .J. Miller

Marathon

Chmn. War Si-i'vice Assn.

Alfred O. Meinliard

Hays

Exec. Com. War Service

Jos. E. Morcombe
Storm Lake

Dr. L. M. Nusbaum (dec'd)

Storm Lake

Organized Red Cross

N. P. Nelson

Linn Grove

Exec. Com. War Service

N. G. Olney

Marathon

Exec. Com. War Service

Mrs. J. II. ()'i>(inuluK-

Ktorni Laki'
Chairman Red Cross

i:. W. I>;it.s A. N. I'trtersuli

Storm Lake Elk

Bureau of Militar.v Affairs lOxec. Com. War Service

( iscar I'flcrsnn

Maple Valley

Chairman War Service

Mrs. Geo. M. I'ederson Geo. M. Peilerson

Storm I^ake Storm Lake

Chairman Ucil Cross I'.uri-au of Military Affairs

Mrs. Wm. Kutter

Ijinn Grove

r'linirman Ked Cross

Tom Kenshaw

Hays

Kxec. Com. War Service

F. G. Kedli.hi

Newell

Food Administrator

C. A. Robbins

Storm Lake Township

Clinm. War Service Assn.

M. (>. Keuland

Lincoln

Chmii. War Service Assn.

Chas. H. Rawlins

Storm Lake
Asst. Draft Board

Oscar A. Uisviilil li.n. .1. Scllllln- Mrs. J. A. Sclimitz .1. A. Srhiiiil/.

Linn (Jrovc Storm Lakf Storm I.,ak<' Storm Uake

Exec. Com. War Service Couiit.N" Climn. Lilierty Loan \'ice Cliaii'man Red Cro.'^s Climn. ■•"'uel Administration

P. J. Swanson Mrs. l!eo, A. Seilsewicli

Noltomis Storm I.,alse

Exec. Com. War Service Si'c-retary lied Cross

AuKU.«t SleUnuDi L. M. Slasle

l^ineoln Storm l..ake

lOxec. Com. War .Service Co. Merch. Hep. l'"ooil .\ilmr.

A. E. Sweet

Ijincoln

Exec. Com. War Service

Mrs. Jennie Smitli

Albert Cit.v

Cli.airman Red Cross

C. !■". Sluhlniiller

Linn (:rn\.-

Exec. Com. War Se!-vice

(J. M. Sherman

.Sioux Ilanids

I*iil>iicit>' \A*oii«

.Mrs. G. M. Sherman

Sioux Rapids
Secretary Red Cross

Mrs. R. R. Smith

Lincoln-Lee

Chairman Red Cross

Mrs. M. R. Soeth

Marathon

Secretary Red Cross

M. i;. SoLtii

Marathon
Publicity Work

F. Schaller
Storm Lake
Liberty Loan

W M Storev Dr. J. A. Swallum Dr. E. F. Smith

"torm Lake Storm Lake Storm Lake

County Treasurer Y M C .-^ Medical Examiner Draft Bd. Contract Surgeon S. A. T. C.

Peter Strom

Nokomis

Exec. Com. War Service

H. D. Thieman

Coon

Exec. Com. \\'ar Service

Mrs. E. C. Thatcher

Alta

Publicity Work

P. J. Toohey
Storm Lake
Bureau of Military Affairs

U. V. Thomsrn

Truesdale

Legal Advisory Board

S. A. T re man

Storm Lake

Price Int. Food Admr.

T. Tlionias

Storm Lake Township

Exec. Com. War Service

1). W. Tliomas

Rembrandt

Chmn. War Service Assn.

P, C. Toy

Storm Lake

Treasurer Red Cross

A, T. Troeger

Storm Lake

Clim. Price Int. Food Admi

Mrs. Ed Vogel

Truesdale

Vice Cliairman Red Cross

Mrs. J. ^Vilkc■ns^>n

Alta

Cliairman Red Cross

¥/^/"

E. P. Wright Miss Elizabetli Walpole

Providence Storm Lake

County Council of Defense Sec. Library War Service

G. W. Wevraucli

Klk

Chairman War Stamps

John W. Wart

Newell Township

Exec. Com. War Service

Wm. Wellmerling

Lincoln

Exec. Com. War Service

Mrs. E. B. Wells

Marathon

Vice Chairman Red Cross

Mrs. A. W. Wilson

Sioux Rapids

Chairman Red Cross

Mrs. R. L. White

Sioux Rapids

Chairman Red Cross

A. L. Whitney

Storm Lake

Co. Chm. Council of Defense

Chas. Zwemke

Maple Valley

Exec. Com. War Service

Mrs. Rawn

Alta

Secretary Red Cross

LAYING THE BACKGROUND

IN a volume such as this, it is not to be expected that any large dis-
cussion of the World War shall be given place. The story at first
hand from local participants is the primary object of the book. Yet
a certain background must be furnished if there is understanding of
these narratives. For without such general survey there would be
incoherency and lack of order in the entire work.

It is not necessary to introduce the causes which brought about the
unprecedented conflict. Students of affairs will place as most im-
portant the clashing interests to which they themselves have given
most attention. The material factors had slowly accumulated strength
and in variance of objection to each other. The tragedy at Serajevo
was but the kindling of heaped combustibles which had been gathering
for a century. Beyond all in importance were what might be termed
the spiritual issues involved. It was primarily a clash inevitable
between the democratic aspirations of the world and those who still
held to the exploitation of the people by a caste which held themselves
divinely appointed and guided. The skirmishes v/hich preceded the
actual outbreak of war showed themselves in the affairs of every
nation, and were the constant struggles for a larger freedom and as
constant an effort to repress every such aspiration. Students and
thinkers had long regretted the vmstable condition of affairs and it
was but a question of time to such minds when armed conflict should
result. That there were economic rivalries, industrial greeds, and
dynastic ambitions which entered into the problem is beyond question,
but these were incidental to the greater and moral issues involved.

Yet for all the mental preparation, not even the responsible states-
men of Europe were ready for the quick movements which in August
of 1914 ushered in the most tremendous strviggle in all history. With
the exception of those who were resolved upon a test of strength and
who only sought an excuse which might pass for the time with their

276 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

own people, the chancellories of Europe were helpless as against the
sudden onrush of events. The great military machine of the central
empires moved swiftly and relentlessly on its course as a result of
almost half a century of construction and testing. As against this
huge war-making power the other nations could oppose but little in
comparison. The first drive on the western front through Belgium
to strike at the heart of France was expected to carry all before it and
to result in a short and decisive campaign. As against Russia, the
movement could be more deliberate, as the very extent and inharmoni-
ous nature of that country precluded any rapid mobilization of forces.
But the plans and theories of the German general staff were shattered
by the heroic, yet inevitably futile defense of the Belgians. And at
the outset another factor with which the war-lord and his advisers had
not reckoned was the immediate entry of the British Empire into the
struggle. Almost iinmediately the naval strength of Britain was
loosed in the North Sea while the cruising squadrons of the greatest
maritime power swept all the seas and obliterated general commerce.
Then in the first few days of the war was applied that slowly strang-
ling process which was never released during the four years of war and
which finally brought the boasted German fleet out of its security as
prison ships held without a fight. The further and more important
result was, of course, the blockade which kept from the harrassed and
starving population all the necessities of life. It is idle now to attempt
any final estimate of the various forces employed by the Allies, yet it is
safe to say that history will account to the British navy a part second
to none in bringing about the final result.

We will not consider now the following, the earlier years of this
struggle, except insofar as the making plain of issues brought the
United States to a realization of its own duty. Upon the surface we
looked to the unrestricted submarine warfare and the ruthless sinking
of passenger ships, with the murder of women and children, as being
the immediate cause of our entry into the war. Yet back of this and
seizing upon these incidents as concrete causes, we find a popular con-
viction growing among all the people that this country could not be true
to its principles and avoid taking its part and paying its share so that
the common danger of civilization should be crushed.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 27-/

It was no sudden enthusiasm nor emotion that brought the admin-
istration of the United States to its momentous decision. Very slowly
and deliberately — too deliberately, as many thought at the time — the
statesmen of America attempted to bring into the controversy new and
more Hberal ideas as between the belligerents, but as has been before
said tlie issues were spiritual rather than material, and these could
not be met nor solved by any diplomatic phrase nor put off by any eva-
sions. The Russian revolution and the collapse of that great country
left the Allied cause for a time in a precarious condition. Added to
this the Italian battle began. Capratho increased the danger of an
overwhelming victory for the Central Powers. It was at this juncture
when the arrogance of the German war machine went farther than
ever before and when, despite the protests of the American govern-
ment, it resolved upon ruthless and unrestricted warfare. The actual
fact of the matter is that the United States had at last come to a per-
ception of duty and to the realization that at whatever cost it must
thenceforth take its future part in the struggle and pay its full share
of the cost in bringing about a righteous decision.

There is reason to believe that the President and his advisers waited
patiently and moved cautiously until such time as American public
opinion should support a definite break with Germany. Yet through-
out this period there is to be noticed a constant increase of firmness in
the tone of American diplomatic exchanges with the Teutonic Empire
and its allies. Matters came near to a head with the proclamation of a
state of armed neutrality in March, 1917. It will be remembered that
the President came before Congress late in February and asked from
the legislative body authority to arm American ships traversing the
war zone. A resolution to this effect was passed enthusiastically by
the House but was defeated in the Senate by a mere handful of pacifists.
Thus thrown back upon his own authority. President Wilson deter-
mined that American ships should be armed as desired, and able to
defend themselves against the piratical attacks from German sub-
marines. It was but a short step from this to the actual rush of war.

One can do no better in presenting the real motives of the United
States than to take these words from President Wilson that were
delivered before Congress on January 8, 1918, and are part of the

278 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

speech made notable because of the progress then enumerated and
known to man as the fourteen points :

We entered this war because violation of right had occurred which
touched us to the quick and made the life of our people impossible
unless they were corrected and the world secured once for all against
their recurrence.

What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to our-
selves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in and par-
ticularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like
our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be
assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world
as against force and selfish aggression.

All the peoples of the world are in efifect partners in this interest,
and for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be brought
to others it will not be done to us. . .

For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight and
continue to fight until they are achieved ; but only because we wish the
right to prevail and desire a just and stable peace such as can be
secured only by removing the chief provocations to war. We have
no jealousy of German greatness and there is nothing in this program
that impairs it. . .

Ours is the principle of justice to all peoples and nationalities, and
their right to live on equal terms of liberty and safety with one another,
whether they be strong or weak. Unless this principle be made its
foundation, no part of the structure of international justice can stand.
The people of the United States could act upon no other principle ; and
to the vindication of this principle they are ready to devote their lives,
their honor, and everything that they possess. The moral climax of
this, the culminating and final war for human liberty has come, and
they are ready to put their own strength, their own highest purpose,
their own integrity and devotion to the test.

The concreteness of the great Allied nations in these principles may
be judged from the speech of Lloyd George, the British premier, deliv-
ered three days before that of President Wilson as here quoted. In
this the world was told:

If, then, we are asked what we are fighting for, we reply, as we have
often replied : We are fighting for a just and a lasting peace, and we
believe that before permanent peace can be hoped for three conditions
must be fulfilled: First, the sanctity of treaties must be reestab-
lished; secondly, a territorial settlement must be secured, based on
the right of self-determination or the consent of the governed; and.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 279

lastly, we must seek, by the creation of some international organization,
to limit the burden of armaments and diminish the probability of war.
On these conditions, our people are prepared to make even greater
sacrifices than those they have yet endured.

On April 2d, President Wilson appeared before a joint session of
Congress and asked for a declaration of a state of war with Germany.
In presenting to that body this momentous document the President
proclaimed the sentiments of the nation and in words that will be
counted among the greatest historical monuments of the war. He
said:

Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the
world is involved and the freedom of its peoples, and the menace to that
peace and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments
backed by organized force which is controlled wholly by their will, not
by the will of their people. We have seen the last of neutrality in
such circumstances. We are the beginning of an age in which it will
be insisted that the same standards of conduct and of responsibility
for wrong done shall be observed among nations and their govern-
ments that are observed among the individual citizens of civilized
states.

Here is a clear cut statement of what has before been termed the
spiritual issues of the World War. It was and is a tendency against
autocracy, the rights of the people against a privileged class or caste,
whether political or militarist.

In response to the President's request, the Senate of the United
States on April 4th, by a vote of 82 to 6, passed a resolution declaring
this state of war with the Imperial German Government. This was,
on the 6th of April, concurred in by the House by a vote of 373 to 50.

Immediately the great energies of the nation were turned to a new
direction. Every industry was mobilized in such manner that it might
aid in assuring victory for the cause espoused by this country. We
live too close to that time to appreciate what was meant by the radical
change in the national life; that there were extravagances and huge
mistakes made goes without saying. That could not be avoided.

But the decision of the American people had instant influence beyond
mere estimation upon those already engaged. To the Allied nations,
almost exhausted with their long efforts and great sacrifices, the assur-
ance of American assistance gave them new life. The effect upon

28o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Germany, in spite of the published statements of her miUtary and
pohtical leaders, was depressing in the extreme. The bulk of the
population in the Central Empires, who had borne almost uncomplain-
ingly the hardships involved by the blockade, now despaired of the
success which had been so constantly promised by their leaders as
against the man power and limitless material wealth of the United
States. They could not hope for anything but defeat. Thus the moral
strength brought to the Allies by the American decision was felt long
before any of our battalions were ready to cross the ocean. Now,
having put its hand to the plow, our country was determined that the
furrow should go deep and straight. On May 17th, the Senate passed
the arni}^ draft bill which immediately was followed by united action in
the House, and the next day it was signed by the President. As a re-
sult of this law, on June 5th nearly 10,000,000 men of military age reg-
istered for compulsory military service under the selective draft law.
During the same month the first Liberty Loan for $2,000,000,000 was
put before the people and despite its novelty was oversubscribed by
$700,050,000.

Thus given the men and the means, the military and naval depart-
ments of the government hummed with activity. The navy being
from its very nature more advanced in preparedness was able very
shortly to send a fleet of destroyers across the Atlantic where it joined
with the English vessels in making relentless war upon the lurking
submarines. American ingenuity and daring did very much even
beyond the movements of the navy to reduce the danger in the narrow
seas.

We can do no more than follow briefly the military activities.
Almost immediately with the registration of men under the selective
draft, camps were established at convenient points over the country
and an army of 500,000 was called for from among the young men.
It should be said, however, that thousands of the more ardent had
already volunteered and had been assigned to training and to duty
M'ith the existing units. But the dominant factor was the citizen
army to be raised over the country, and the Allies realized it, and here
again was a surprise for those who had reasoned from European ex-
perience. It had been held there, among military men, that a period

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 281

of at least three years was necessary for the training and making of a
soldier. The intelligence of American youth and the energy of those
who were placed as officers and instructors proved that the raw mate-
rial could be turned into service soldiery within a comparatively few
months. It is true that when our lads went abroad they had to be
seasoned, and even the best of our officers trained again in a warfare
that was constantly changing, and it is also true that our impetuous
boys sufifered beyond the necessity, perhaps, because of their ardor.
But these very qualities which may have seemed recklessness to the
veterans in France were of splendid effect in that the jaded enemy
could oppose nothing of equal value, while the example to the Allied
troops was beyond any estimation of worth. The first American
troops were sent into the war fields long before the War Department
had intended they should be moved. They went in response to the
almost despairing cries from France and England. The moral efifect
of American soldiers at the front, and the sight of their flag among
the Allied colors, was relied upon for its effect upon both friend and
enemy.

It is with this period of the war history, that our own immediate
interest begins. And those from this locality were among the first
troops to be sent over, and every succeeding contingent had in it some
of our local boys. These were in the French and American training
camps learning in the school of the soldier the duties and discipline
which fitted men for the greatest game that can be played upon the
world stage. Quick-witted scholars were these, as all their instructors,
of whatever nation, enthusiastically admitted. We have their stories
in this volume, of the training camps, the home, the movements from
point to point, the voyage overseas, the experiences in rest camps, and
then the gradual movements nearer and nearer to the trenches and the
battle lines. We cannot appreciate the war laddies. These young
men were transported into the midst of the greatest events of all his-
tory, each intent on doing his share in the mighty episodes. Every
one of these narratives will be read through the years to come, and with
an ever increasing interest. Thus now their greatest value is that
they are written in the simple and unaft'ected language of those we
know so well. Another generation, having gained perspective, will

282 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

be able to gauge these men as we can not hope to do, to understand
their heroism, to judge the extent of their sacrifices. And these words
have no other purpose than to form a background here and there for
the stories themselves to show in a manner, what part of the war game
this one and the other played. The object is that thus a coherent story
may be woven from all and that the part of this county may be appre-
hended from beginning to end of the American participation in the
struggle.

DIPLOMACY OF THE WORLD WAR
Exposure of German Intrigue

A REVIEW of many circumstances during the interim between
the first declaration of war in Europe in 1914 and April, 191 7,
L shows why the United States was compelled by breaches of
international law, by inhumanities practiced in conflict with The Hague
Conventions, by the attack upon the Lusitania, by attempted restric-
tions of United States communication and trade with foreign countries,
by arrogant efl:'orts to pervert public sentiment in this country, by
actual misrepresentations of facts and the circulation of unfounded
charges, and by an effort to dictate the manner in which American
ships should be marked before they might be guaranteed safe passage
through the war zone, in fact a general abridgement of America's
rights upon the high seas, to take up the issues of war against the Cen-
tral Powers. All of which, viewed in the light of their cumulative
effect, appear vastly more important than they did developing one
incident at a time.

In the fall of 1914, German influences in the United States, through
German-American and pro-German organizations, began to influence
the government and its citizens to at least deny support to other bellig-
erent nations if they could not take a stand upon open issues that would
be favorable to Germany. It was sought to bring the United States
into that country's contention with Japan over Kiao-Chow and to incite
sympathy through charges of the use of dum-dum bullets by the Allies.
In response to the latter France and England made a counter charge
of the same offense on the part of Germany.

Germany used flags of neutral countries on her mine-laying ships;
violated the neutrality of Belgium in spite of expressed agreement;
everywhere the path of her warfare was marked by murder, rapine,
brutality, and crime, destruction of historic monuments, masterpieces
of architecture, and works of art.

A campaign of submarine frightfulness began with the sinking.

284 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

in February, 191 5, of the American ships, Evelyn, off the Borkum
Islands, the Carib, which struck a mine, and the William P. Frye,
loaded with wheat, which was shot by the Prinz Eitel Friedrich. On
the 28th of April a German aeroplane dropped three bombs on the
American steamer Gushing in the North Sea. Three days later the
Gullflight, off the Scilly Islands, enroute from Port Arthur, Texas, to
Rouen, France, was torpedoed by a German submarine but did not
sink. The captain died of shock and ten of the crew who jumped over-
board were drowned. The rest of the crew were taken off by a patrol
boat, and the Gvillflight was towed into Crow Sound and beached.

This attack was made on Saturday, the first of May, and on that day
this notice appeared in the newspapers :

Notice!
Travelers intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded
that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great
Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adja-
cent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given
by the Imperial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great
Britain, or of any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters
and that travelers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain
or her allies do so at their own risk.

Imperial German Embassy
Washington, D. C, April 22, 1915

A dozen trusted agents of the United States Government had been
placed in important German and Austrian offices when it became
apparent that these countries would go to any length to spread their
propaganda to organize and consolidate the German-Americans.

Through these sources much conclusive and authoritative evidence
was discovered as to the operations and intentions of Germany in the
war.

All efforts led to the conclusion that Germany was making persistent
efforts to irritate the United States.

The President had told the German Government that "if the com-
manders of German vessels of war should act upon the presumption
that the flag of the United States was not being used in good faith and
should destroy on the high seas an American vessel, or the lives of
American citizens, it would be difficult for the Government of the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 285

violation of neutral rights." In view of the openly pubHshed notice to
United States to view the act in any other Hght than as an indefensible
travelers and the President's notice to Germany, the tragic loss of the
Lusitania was the most serious incident that had arisen between the
United States and any belligerent. By many of our countrymen the
attack was regarded as indicating that Germany had begun to show her
resentment because of the shipment of arms to her enemies, and the
widespread sympathy for the cause of the Allies. The Von Bernstorff
note, the manner of its publication, and the warnings to Americans not
to take passage on ships under the flags of Great Britain or any of her
allies, all pointed, it was said, to such animosity on the part of Germany.
What was she doing? Why should she spend so much money in trying
to gain the support and sympathy of America, and then by official acts
and utterances deliberately injure her cause ? Did Germany now think
that threats would succeed where pleadings had failed? Was she
seeking the enmity of the whole world as a good reason for peace ?

The meaning of the warning notice from the German embassy,
printed in the newspapers of May ist and repeated in many of them
on May 8th, now became apparent. On May ist the Cunard mail
steamship Lusitania sailed from New York, with 1,251 passengers and
a crew of 667. On May 7th, when eight miles off Old Head of Kin-
sale, on the south coast of Ireland, she was struck by two torpedoes
discharged from a German submarine, and in a few minutes foundered
and went down bow first. No warning was given. Many of the
passengers were at luncheon ; but in the few minutes before she sank
such as could found a refuge in ten life-boats. The wireless operator
sent call after call for help, and tugs, steam trawlers, every available
vessel was hurried from Queenstown. Of the 1,918 human beings on
board 1,153 were drowned. Of the 188 Americans, 114 men, women,
and children lost their lives. Among them were men well known in
their walks of life. Not since the sinking of the Maine had the coun-
try been so stirred by any single event. A cry of mingled horror and
rage arose from every section. Beyond all doubt, it was said, the
destruction of the Lusitania was- carefully and deliberately planned.
The warning notice in the papers, it afterward appeared, had been
preceded by anonymous letters and telephone messages to many of the

286 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

passengers. American citizens traveling peacefully had been sent to
their death by the deliberately planned act of Emperor William and
his advisers.

The German language press attempted to justify the deed by placing
the blame on England, charging that this adversary was attempting to
protect a cargo of contraband by carrying neutral citizens whose status
as noncombantants it was expected that Germany would respect. One
German newspaper in this country said: "We cannot allow Ameri-
cans to be used as shields to get articles of war into the hands of the
Allies."

Agitation in this country followed varied lines of thought. Some
wanted Congress to assemble and enact special legislation to fit such
cases; some thought the German ambassador should be handed his
passports, while many demanded that war should be declared. Yet it
was almost two years after this before the final declaration was made.

Germany soon dispatched a note to the United States Government
expressing sympathy for the loss of lives on the Lusitania, but in the
course of the diplomatic correspondence which followed she alleged
that the Lusitania was armed with mounted guns, that she was carried
on the British naval list as an auxiliary cruiser, and that part of her
cargo was contraband of war. Li support of these allegations Ger-
many cited affidavits of men who had professed to visit the vessel before
sailing and which affidavits were secured through the efiforts of Ger-
man agents. One of these spies later pleaded guilty to perjury and
was sentenced to penal servitude for eighteen months. It was later
shown that Germany did not have her alleged information in regard to
the character of the cargo until three days after the disaster actually
happened. She also made profession of the fact that the lives would
not have been lost had it not been for the explosion of the ammunition
aboard. In contravention of these charges was the statement of the
collector of customs that no unlawful cargo was carried and that the
ship was not armed, with the further circumstance that if such had been
the case she would not have been given clearance papers from the port.

The first note issued by the United States Department of State was
given to the public on May 13th. In it expression was given to the
idea that the Government of the United States "was loth to believe —

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 287

it cannot now bring itself to believe — that these acts so contrary" to
the rules, practices, and spirit of modern warfare could be sanctioned
by the Imperial German Government, and felt in duty bound "to ad-
dress the Imperial German Government concerning them with the
utmost frankness."

It assumed that the German Government "accept as of course the
rule that the lives of noncombantants, whether they be of neutral citi-
zenship or citizens of one of the nations at war, cannot lawfully be put
in jeopardy by the capture or destruction of an unarmed merchantman,
and recognize also, as all other nations do, the obligation to take the
usual precaution of visit and search to ascertain whether a suspected
merchantman is in fact of belligerent nationality or is in fact carrying
contraband of war under a neutral flag."

The Government of the United States expected "that the Imperial
German Government will disavow the acts of which the Government
of the United States complains, that they will make reparation, so far
as reparation is possible, for injuries which are without measure, and
that they will take immediate steps to prevent the recurrence of any-
thing so obviously subversive of the principles of warfare." ■ Expres-
sions of regret and offers of reparation for the destruction of neutral
vessels sunk b)^ mistake might satisfy international obligations when
no lives were lost. They could not justify a practice the eft'ect of which
was "to subject neutral nations and neutral persons to new and innu-
merable risks."

The Imperial German Government will not expect the Government
of the United States to omit any word or any act necessary to the per-
formance of its sacred duty of maintaining the rights of the United
States and its citizens and of safeguarding their free exercise and
enjoyment.

All indications pointed to the fact that the Lusitania had been delib-
erately chosen for destruction. The foreign language press sympa-
thized generally with the purposes of Germany. Germany made a gala
occasion in celebration of the destruction of the ship. A medal was
struck to commemorate the event. On one side was a rude represen-
tation of the Lusitania sinking into the sea, and the words, "No con-
traband. The liner Lusitania sunk by a German submarine May 5,
1915." On the other was a long line of travelers waiting their turn

288 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

to buy tickets at a Cunard Company's window, behind which stood
Death as the ticket agent, and the words, "Business as usual."

Then on May 25th the American steamship Nebraska, enroute from
Liverpool to the Delaware breakwater, was attacked forty miles from
Fastnet, Ireland, and a huge hole blown in her bow. No lives were
lost and she was able to move into port. That the German Govern-
ment, in the face of the excitement in America, should endanger the
lives of an American captain and an American crew, was unbelievable,
unless Germany intended to drive us into war.

On the 31st of May the Department of State made public a response
from Germany to America's first Lusitania note. The trend of the
document was to evade the issues brought up by the United States and
to fix the blame upon England as it had in the first note of sympathy,
charging that if nevitral ships had suffered through submarine warfare
because of mistakes in identification, it was the fault of Great Britain's
abuse of flags, this latter particularly in regard to the Gushing and the
Gullflight.

Two days later Ambassador Von Bernstorflf interviewed President
Wilson, during which he agreed to concede that Germany would stop
her attacks on vessels known to carry citizens of the United States, if
the American Government would suggest to our citizens that in future,
when going to Europe, they should take passage on such ships only as
carried no goods contral^and of war; that the German submarines
would attack no merchant vessels save such as were known to be carry-
ing contraband of war ; that this would be made easier if the President,
by proclamation, would forbid the ships of belligerent nations to carry
as passengers citizens of the United States; and that if the United
States would bring about these conditions, German ships would not
attack any merchantman, neutral or belligerent, carrying passengers,
whether the ship did or did not have contraband goods on board, with-
out first giving passengers and crew a chance to seek safety in boats
and on rafts.

When it became again necessarv for the United States Government
to make known its stand on the open issue reports developed concerning
a division in the cabinet. It proved that the difference was between
the President and the secretary of state, W. J. Bryan, and the point of

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 289

difference was as to how far the United States ought to go in making
its demands upon Germany. As a result of this contention the secre-
tary resigned. The effect of this in Germany was to carry the impres-
sion that the people of the United States were not solidly behind the
President in his firm demands. Robert Lansing, counselor of the
Department of State, now became acting secretary, and the diplomatic
negotiations proceeded in conformity with the policy already entered
upon.

The second Lusitania note was made public June nth.

\^on Jagow had expressed his belief that the Government of the
United States was not aware of the character and outfit of the Lusi-
tania, not aware that she carried masked guns, trained gunners, and
special ammunition, not aware that she had transported troops from
Canada and a cargo not permitted under the laws of the United States
to go in a vessel carrying passengers.

Were these statements true, the Government of the United States
(Mr. Lansing replied) would have been bound to take official cogni-
zance in performing its recognized duty as a neutral power and in
enforcing its national laws. It was its duty to see to it that the Lusi-
tania was not armed for offensive action, that she was not serving as a
transport, that she did not carry a cargo prohibited by the statutes of
the United States, and that if, in fact, she was a naval auxihary of
Great Britain she should not receive her clearance as a merchantman,
and it performed that duty and enforced its statutes with scrupulous
vigilance through its regularly constituted officials. The Government
of the United States was able, therefore to assure the Imperial German
Government that it had been misinformed. The message further
stated that "the sinking of passenger ships involves principles of hu-
manity which throw into the background any special circumstances of
detail that may be thought to affect the cases. . . The Government
of the United States is contending for something much greater than
mere rights of property or privilege of commerce."

The Government of the United States cannot admit that the procla-
mation of a war zone from which neutral ships have been warned to
keep away may be made to operate in any degree as an abbre^'iation of
the rights either of American shipmasters or of American citizens
bound on lawful errands as passengers on merchant ships of belligerent

290 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

nationality. . . The Government of the United States, therefore,
deems it reasonable to expect that the Imperial German Government
will adopt the measures necessary to put these principles into practice
in respect to the safeguarding of American lives and American ships,
and asks for assurances that this will be done.

Germany responded with a note under date of July 8th, which was
made public in this country July loth. Her attitude was made appar-
ent in the following line of argument : While the enemies of Germany
were conducting a war without mercy for her destruction, she was
fighting "in self-defense" for her "national existence and for the sake
of peace of assured permanency." Forced to adopt a submarine war-
fare to meet the intentions of its enemies, the German Government on
February 4th, in its memorandum "recognized that the interests of
neutrals might suffer from the submarine warfare." The case of the
Lusitania showed "with horrible clearness to what jeopardizing of
human lives the manner of conducting the war employed by our adver-
saries leads." "All distinctions between merchant ships and vessels of
war had been done away with" by the orders of British merchantmen
to arm themselves, by instructions "to ram submarines and the promise
of rewards therefor." Had the German commander of the submarine
which sank the Lusitania caused the crew and passengers to take to the
boats before firing the torpedo, his own vessel would surely have been
destroyed. Experience justified the belief that the Lusitania would
have floated long enough to enable all aboard of her to take to the boats,
had it not been for the large quantity of highly explosive material she
carried.

In the spirit of old friendship the Imperial Government would do all
it could "to prevent the jeopardizing of lives of American citizens."
But to prevent "unforeseen dangers to American passenger steam-
ships," they must be "made recognizable by special markings" and
German submarine commanders must be "notified a reasonable time
in advance."

That American citizens might not suffer for "adequate facilities for
travel across the Atlantic," the German Government would suggest
that "a reasonable number of neutral steamers under the American
flag" be used in passenger service. There would be "no compelling

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 291

necessity" for American citizens to travel under an enemy's flag. The
Imperial Government was "unable to admit that American citizens
can protect an enemy ship through the mere fact of their presence on
board." If an adequate number of neutral passenger steamers could
not be acquired, the Imperial Government would not object to placing
under the American flag four enemy passenger steamships, "for pas-
senger traffic between North America and England."

President Wilson, after having "maturely considered the situation,"
made reply on the 21st.

"Illegal and inhuman acts, however justifiable they may be thought
to be against an enemy who is believed to have acted in contravention
of law and humanity, are manifestly indefensible when they deprive
neutrals of their acknowledged rights, particularly when they violate
the right to life itself." If a belligerent could not retaliate without
injury to the lives and property of neutrals, "a due regard for the
dignity of neutral powers should dictate that the practice be discon-
tinued." The Government of the United States was ready to make
reasonable allowances for the novel aspects of submarine war, but
could not consent to abate any essential right of its people "because of
a mere alteration of circumstances."

Events of the last two months had shown that submarine operations
in the so-called war zone could be conducted according to the "accepted
practices of regulated warfare."

The Government of the United States could not "accept the sugges-
tion" that certain vessels should be designated which should be free
"on the seas now illegally proscribed." Such an agreement "would,
by implication, subject other vessels to illegal attack" and would be
"an abandonment of the principles for which this government con-
tends." The note closed with this warning: "Friendship itself
prompts" the Government of the United States "to say to the Imperial
German Government that repetitions by the commanders of German
naval vessels of acts in contravention of those rights must be regarded
by the Government of the United States, when they affect American
citizens, as deliberately unfriendly."

The German-American press was outspoken in condemnation of the
note. By the American press the note was regarded as the final word

292 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

to Germany on the sinking of the Lusitania and the submarine attacks
on American merchantmen. The Koclnischc Zcitung (Germany)
found the German and American standpoints as far apart at the end
as at the beginning. An understanding was impossible. "Germany
will neither disown the sinking of the Lusitania nor oiler indemnity
for the lives of the reckless Americans who perished on the steamship.
Germany will continue her submarine warfare in the same manner as in
the past two months."

It was not long after the war began, and after the sinking of the
Lusitania made the carrying the carrying of munitions of war an
issue, that there began to be influences brought to bear upon Congress
and upon the President to place an embargo upon any traffic in arms
or ammunition. The agitation came mainly from German-Americans,
Germans, and pacifists. The efifect on disordered minds of the agita-
tion for an embargo on the exportation of munitions was to incite some
men to place bombs in ships leaving the United States, and though
several bombs were discovered none of them did any serious damage.

The Government of the United States took the stand that this foreign
trade in rifles and ammunition did not constitute a breach of neutrality
laws, and when Germany pleaded for an embargo our government held
that any change in the laws after a situation arose that would alter the
circumstances toward either belligerent would be in itself a violation of
a neutrality status.

A host of incidents indicated German activities in the United States
to work to the advantage of the Central Empires. They need not be
recited in detail here, but a resume given in order to indicate the lines
of designing activity that were employed.

One of the first manifestations of this intrigue was the effort to buy
passports in order to provide passage for German reservists who
wanted to return to their native land. This was soon nipped in the
bud. The espionage laws were not stringent at that time and the
punishment meted out to the offenders was not as severe as it would
have been later. The point of chief interest and importance in this
matter is that the evidence led to the office of Captain von Papen, mili-
tary attache to the German Embassy at Washington, who was supply-
ing the money and the brains for the whole scheme.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 293

Werner Horn, a lieutenant in the German army who had failed in
his effort to return home, attempted on the night of February 3, 191 5,
to blow up the international bridge at Vanceboro, Maine. Horn was
indicted before a United States commissioner on the charge of violating
the law regulating the transportation of explosives.

On the 1st of March the Hamburg- American line and four indi-
viduals were indicted, charged with having conspired to defraud the
United States by false statements, false clearances of vessels from our
ports, and false manifests of cargoes made in order that the vessels
might go, not to the places for which they were cleared, but to deliver
coal and supplies to German warships at sea. By the indictment they
were charged with conspiracy "to defraud the United States in and by
causing collectors of customs, by means of false statements, to make,
record, and transmit untrue and inaccurate records."

The fact was later brought to light that as early as the autumn of
1913 the Hamburg-American line had contracted in the event of a war
to send coal and supplies to German warships in the Atlantic Ocean.
When complaint and prosecution brought out the facts it was admitted
that twelve vessels were consigned to this duty, but only one, the Ber-
wind, accomplished her mission. The others either returned to port
to escape capture or never left port because they were held under
suspicion, or failed in their mission because the war vessels they were
to serve had been sunk by the British. Four were found guilty. In
sending coal, provisions, and supplies to German ships on the high seas,
at a time when the United States and Germany were not at war with
each other, the defendants had done no wrong, the court held. Neith-
er the law of nations nor any act- of Congress forbade such an under-
taking. But they had defrauded the United States by obtaining from
its officers clearances for their vessels to which they were not entitled.

One of the most striking instances of intrigue occurred when, sus-
tained by German money and cooperation, Victoriana Huerta, one time
Provisional President of Mexico, came to the United States and made
a show of establishing his home here ; then organized an expedition into
Mexico with a view to stirring up an insurrection in that country that
would distract the United States from its attention to European prob-
lems. Huerta started upon his journey from Long Island ostensibly to

294 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

visit the Panama Exposition, but when he turned his journey south-
ward he was shadowed, and was arrested at El Paso. He died early in
July, and the incident was closed.

One of the amazing and impudent features of all this intrigue was
that it all led back to the office of Von Bernstorfif, German ambassador
to this country, who was presumed to represent state relationships
between the two countries and not to come here as a plotter against the
nation which received him in a friendly way.

Evidence accumulated that the German spy system was established
in America even before the war began. Germany tried in various
ways to get information about our wireless system service, to learn
about details of the construction of American ships, to secure control of
private wireless systems ; and it was shown that a civilian employed in
the electrical service of our navy was in the pay of Germany.

Jas. F. Archibald, an American newspaper correspondent, enroute
to Germany on the Rotterdam, was found to be carrying documents
from Dr. Dumba, the Austro-Hungarian minister to this country, and
Count von Bernstorfif to German and Austro-Hungarian authorities
on many vital questions of the relationships between the United States
and the Central Empires. Particularly ofifensive was a suggestion for
inciting strikes in the Bethlehem steel and munition works through
foreign sources.

Thereupon the United States made a demand that Dumba be recalled,
and though he entered a general denial of any connection with such
plots his government did recall him from service in this country. Later
Baron von Nuber, of the New York consulate, proved as ofifensive as
had Dumba.

It was time that the government acted. Actual warfare had been
conducted by German and Austrian officials against the United States.
Guns had not been trained on our citizens, armies had not been landed
on our shore, but the torch had been set to munition plants, bombs had
been prepared to sink ships at sea, plots had been hatched to prevent
manufactured goods reaching their destination, passports for German
and Austrian spies had been forged, and strikes fomented.

On December loth, the German ambassador notified the secretary of

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 295

state of the recall of Captain Boy-Ed and Captain von Papen because
of the United States' objection to their activities.

Meanwhile agents of Germany had been busy on the Pacific Coast.
Efforts were made to interfere with the United States' trade with the
Allies, the mails were being used to incite arson, murder, and assassina-
tion, and agents of the German Government were acting in collusion
with enemies who would destroy property in Canada. In February,
1916, thirty-two conspirators were indicted by a federal grand jury.
It was shown that Labor's National Peace Council was an organization
effected for the purpose of making big peace demonstrations and incit-
ing strikes.

President Wilson, realizing the need of closer restrictions in the
espionage laws, in his message to Congress on December 7, 1916,
pleaded for laws to take care of '"some men among us, and many resi-
dents abroad who, though born and bred in the United States and call-
ing themselves American, have so forgotten themselves and their honor
as citizens as to put their passionate sympathy with one or the other
side in the great European conflict above their regard for the peace and
dignity of the United States. They also preach and practice disloy-
alty."

Late in October, 191 5, Germany sent a note to the United States
Government in regard to the attack on the Orduna, saying it "was not
in accordance with the existing instructions," and that "the repetition
of which appears to be out of the question, in view of the more explicit
instructions issued in the meantime." Though, by this admission, the
surrender of Germany seemed to be complete, the triumph of American
diplomacy was not to endure. Because of the capture and sinking of
large numbers of Germany's submarines by England the Kaiser's
government found it advisable to adopt for the time being a policy of
restraint of submarine frightfulness, until Germany's submarine fleet
could be reenforced.

However, Austria did not feel involved by any promises not to sink
without warning which Germany might have made, and she soon
equalled her ally in frightfulness.

On November 7, 1915, the ItaHan liner Ancona, with 400 passengers

296 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

and a crew of 170, enroute from Messina to New York, was torpedoed
off Cape Carbona by a submarine which, when iirst seen, was flying
the German flag, but immediately hauled it down and replaced it with
the Austrian colors. The Ancona attempted to escape but was fired
upon and hit, whereupon the captain ordered the boats lowered and
just as the eighth touched the water the Ancona pitched forward and
sank bows first, carrying down with her over two hundred human
beings, many of whom were killed by gunfire after the torpedo struck.
Of twelve Americans aboard nine lost their lives.

The Austrian government took the position that the attack was the
fault of the crew who tried to escape. Secretary Lansing demanded
that Austria denounce the sinking of the Ancona as an illegal and
indefensible act; that the commander of the submarine be punished;
and that an indemnity be paid for the citizens of the United States who
were killed or injured. Not one of these demands was answered; the
Austrian response was an impudent assumption "that as a matter of
course" the Austrian Government "reserves to itself full freedom of
maintaining its own legal views in the discussion of the case of the An-
cona." The United States answered on December 19th with Secretary
Lansing's note which reminded the contender that the Austrian admi-
ralty's first published note on the occurrence admitted the offense, and
renewed the demands for acknowledgment and reparation. On the
29th Austria surrendered to the American viewpoint and promised
indemnity in a note which was made public on New Year's day, 1916.

With this prospect of a settlement of the submarine issue freshly in
mind, it was learned soon that on the second day of January the Persia
was sunk in the Mediterranean. Of 558 passengers and crew, only
1 58 survived. Among the drowned was the newly appointed American
consul on his way to Aden, Arabia. Immediately the Austrian dip-
lomat at Washington asked that judgment be withheld until the facts
could be known. Survivors had seen neither submarine nor torpedo,
and Germany and Austria both denied that their submarines had in-
flicted the damage.

Meanwhile, negotiations went forward with regard to the Lusitania.
Germany's representations, unsatisfactory to President Wilson, were
revised until she granted all claims except that the sinking was illegal.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 297

On the 24th of March a German submarine torpedoed in the EngHsh
Channel the French passenger steamer Sussex on which were twenty-
five American citizens. The ship carried no ammunition, was never
used as a transport. By this attack eighty persons were killed or
wounded.

Soon thereafter the Englishman, the Manchester Engineer, the Ber-
windvale, and the Eagle Point were torpedoed.

President Wilson, in a note under date of April i8th, reviewed the
many aggravations that had caused protest to be made, and said that
the "roll of Americans who have lost their lives upon ships thus
attacked and destroyed has grown month by month until the ominous
toll has mounted into the hundreds." The Government of the United
States had "been willing to wait until the facts became unmistakable
and were susceptible of only one interpretation. . . It now owes it
to a just regard for its own rights to say to the Imperial Government
that that time has come. Unless the Imperial Government should now
immediately declare and efifect an abandonment of its present methods
of submarine warfare against passenger and freight-carrying vessels,
the Government of the United States can have no other choice but to
sever diplomatic relationships with the German Empire altogether."

Germany's reply, dated May 4, 1916, asserted that "the German
Government attaches no less importance to the sacred principles of
humanit}^ than the Government of the LTnited States." The note pro-
ceeded farther to charge that it was not Germany but the British Gov-
ernment that "has extended this terrible war to the lives and property
of noncombatants. . . As matters stand, the German Government
cannot but reiterate its regret that the sentiments of humanity which
the Government of the United States extends with such fervor to the
unhappy victims of submarine warfare are not extended with the same
warmth of feeling to the many millions of women and children who,
according to the avowed intentions of the British Government, shall
be starved and who, by their sufferings, shall force the victorious armies
of the Central Powers into ignominous capitulation. The German
Government, in agreement with the German people, fails to understand
this discrimination. . . The German people know that the Govern-
ment of the United States has the power to confine this war to the

298 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

armed forces of the belligerent countries in the interest of humanity
and the maintenance of international law," by insisting "against Great
Britain on its incontestible rights to the freedom of the seas. But, as
matters stand, the German people is under the impression that the
Government of the United States, while demanding that Germany,
struggling for her existence, shall restrain the use of an effective wea-
pon, and while making the compliance with these demands a condition
for the maintenance of relations with Germany, confines itself to pro-
tests against the illegal methods adopted by Germany's enemies.
Moreover, the German people know to what a considerable extent its
enemies are supplied with all kinds of war material from the United
States."

The impression created in this country was that the tone of the note
was intended for Berlin; the substance for Washington. The special
concession thus wrung from Germany after months of constant protest
and negotiation was small, indeed. Enemy freight ships found in the
war zone were not to be stopped, visited, searched, and destroyed
according to the principles of international law; other merchant ships,
if they did not resist or attempt to escape, were to have the benefit of
the principles of visit, search, and destruction as prescribed by inter-
national law. Yet it was of real importance to force Germany to
pledge herself to conduct her submarine warfare "in accordance with
the general principles of visit and search and destruction of merchant
vessels," for it was an admission that she had not hitherto done so.'
But was this pledge worth anything with the condition attached ? The
President and his cabinet thought not, and on May 8, 1916, Secretary
Lansing replied with a note, made public on May 9th, in which "the
Imperial Government's declaration of its abandonment of the policy
which has so seriously menaced the good relations between the two
countries," was accepted and the condition expressly rejected.

In order to avoid any possible misunderstanding, the Government of
the United States notifies the Imperial Government that it cannot for a
moment entertain, much less discuss, a suggestion that respect by
German naval authorities for the rights of citizens of the United States
upon the high seas should in any way or in the slightest degree be made
contingent upon the conduct of any other Government affecting the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 299

rights of neutrals and noncombatants. Responsibility in such matters
is single, not joint ; absolute, not relative.

In a later note Germany acknowledged responsibility for the damage
to the Sussex, and culpability on the part of the commander of the
submarine in acting too hastily.

Congressmen Difeer on Policy

When, on the loth of February, 1916, Ambassador von Bernstorff
announced that Germany and Austro-Hungary would instruct their
submarine commanders to treat armed merchantment as auxiliary
cruisers, a storm of agitation was raised in this country as to what
course the United States ought to take to protect its citizens.

The status thus brought about was argued by personal and public
sources. Differences existed in Congress which, in the light of later
developments, made some of the members of that distinguished body
seem little less firm in insistence upon the rights of Americans than
were open opponents. A resolution introduced in the House of Repre-
sentatives by Congressman McLemore of Texas' called upon the Presi-
dent to issue a proclamation to warn American citizens to refrain from
traveling on ships of belligei-ents, but the issue was decided when a
resolution was introduced by Gore of Oklahoma in the Senate. His
resolution declared that the sinking by a German submarine of a mer-
chantman on which American citizens lost their lives would constitute
cause of war between Germany and the United States. This resolu-
tion was laid upon the table by the Senate, and by so doing the Senate
established the very principle for which the President had been con-
tending.

Ex-Secretary of State Bryan was against the President on this point,
and took part in several peace meetings where opinions were expressed
which fell short of the President's demands as to the rights of Ameri-
can citizens to travel unrestrained upon the high seas.

Defers Crisis by Pledges •
Still Germany continued to make pledges and pursue diplomatic
negotiations which, in the light of later developments, appeared evasive
and to defer this crisis as far into the future as possible.

300 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

On May i8, 191 6, Von Bernstorff announced that the German Gov-
ernment was opposed to the plots and propaganda leading to Violations
of our laws and our neutrality. Developments accumulated to show
that German governmental representatives in this country were con-
spiring through intrigue to pursue schemes of any character that might
work in favor of Germany.

When Captain von Papen, recalled from service here and enroute
to his native land, was arrested at Falmouth, England, papers found
among his effects showed payments made to parties well known in this
country as offenders against our laws and neutrality. Among his
personal correspondence were notes of sympathy from German consuls
and his friends in this country in which they extended sympathy and
gave expression to a feeling of ultimate conflict and faith in German
power to dominate.

His papers gave corroborative evidence that Von der Goltz, travel-
ing as Bridgeman Taylor, who had been relieved from service with a
brigade of the Mexican army, had come to the United States and
tried to organize a force of German reservists to go to Canada, there
to create a fear of giving aid to England; that Von Goltz had been
asked by Von Papen to see two Irishmen about a scheme to blow up
locks of canals between the Great Lakes, and main railway junctions
and grain elevators in Canada.

As a result of this testimony Von Papen and four others were in-
dicted for a conspiracy to blow up the Welland Canal, but Papen could
not be arrested because he was attached to the German embassy. The
following day, at 60 Wall Street, New York, Wolf von Igel was ar-
rested on suspicion of unneutral intrigue. Conflict was inspired over
the right to take his papers by the German claim that he was attached
to the German embassy. It was shown that the embassy was not
paying his rent, so the quarters could not be considered as Germany
property; however, part of the papers were eventually returned to him.
Enough was taken to justify the indictment of nine men for placing
explosives upon ships with the idea of destroying the vessels. All of
them were sent to the Atlanta federal penitentiary for two and a half
years.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 301

Karl A. Luederitz, German consul at Baltimore, was indicted for
securing a false passport for Von Goltz, alias Taylor.

On May 8th Von Igel and two others were indicted for conspiring to
falsify ships' manifests in order to g-et cargoes of oil into Germany.

Protests from the Allies

So much has been said concerning diplomatic negotiations between
Germany and the United States that it will be interesting to recall the
occasion for similar correspondence between England and the United
States. Late in December, 1.91 5, reports reached the Department of
State that British customs authorities were interfering with the mails.
From the Danish steamer Oscar II 734 bags of parcel mail were re-
moved while on their way from the LTnited States to Norway, Sweden,
and Denmark; from the Swedish steamer Stockholm fifty-eight bags
while on their way from New York to Gothenburg; from the Danish
steamer United States the customs authorities at Kirkwall took 5,000
packages of merchandise, the property of American citizens ; from the
Frederick VIII, manifested for Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, 597
bags of parcel mail, and from the Dutch steamship New Amsterdam
the entire mail, American diplomatic and consular pouches included.
Against all this Mr. Page was instructed on January 4, 191 6, to enter
"a formal and vigorous protest." The department was "inclined to
regard parcel post articles as subject to the same treatment as articles
sent by express or freight in regard to belligerent search, seizure, and
condemnation." But it could not admit the right of Great Britain to
seize neutral ships on their way from neutral European ports to ports
in the United States, bring them in, and while in port remove and
censor the mails they carried.

France and Great Britain rephed February 15, 1916, in a joint mem-
orandum. In no wise, they held, do "parcels" constitute "letters" or
"correspondence" or "dispatches," and are clearly not exempt in any
way from supervision, visitation, and seizure any more than belligerent
cargoes on the high seas. As regards letters, wrappers, envelopes en-
trusted to the postal service and generally contained in the mail bags
the Allied Government "bring the following consideration to the notice

302 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

of the Neutral Governments." Between December 31, 1914, and De-
cember 31, 191 5, German or Austro-Hungarian naval authorities sunk
without warning mailships with mail bags on board coming from or
going to neutral countries without a word of protest from any neutral
government. Examination of the mails of steamers that called at
ports in the Allied countries revealed the fact that in the wrappers,
envelopes, and mail were contraband articles much sought after by the
enemy. On the Turbania were 1475^ pounds of india rubber and
seven parcels of wool, and on the Medan seven parcels of crude rub-
ber, worth in Germany on December 15, 1915, twenty-five marks per
kilog. Enemy traffic, driven from the sea, "thus resorted to hide in
mail matter, in order to get through, all kinds of merchandise, contra-
band of war included, apparently by imposing on the postoffice depart-
ment of the neutral states." Hence the Allied Governments had
decided that merchandise shipped in post parcels "shall not be treated
otherwise than merchandise shipped in any other way;" that the inviol-
ability of postal correspondence does not afifect the right of the Allied
Governments to visit and, if needs be, "arrest and seize merchandise
hidden in wrappers, envelopes or letters contained in mail bags;" and
that in future they will refrain from seizing on the high seas genuine
correspondence, letters, or dispatches and will forward them as quickly
as possible after "the sincerity of their character has been ascertained."
A pamphlet. The Mails as a German War Weapon, published in
London some months later, gives some account of what had been found
in the mails. From the first few mails that were examined over 3,000
packets of raw rubber were seized on their way to Germany, while the
German exports intercepted comprised jewelry, drugs, machine needles,
violin strings, in short almost every article Germany could afiford to
export. When it became known that merchandise sent by letter mail
was not to pass unmolested, resort was had to every sort of subterfuge.
Thus, the wrapping of a package of photographs when examined was
found to contain a bar of pure nickel in each fluting of the corrugated
paper wrapper. Packages described as containing photographs in
reality contained packed sheets of dental rubber. In our country par-
cel post packages for Germany during two weeks in April, 191 5,
increased from 115 to 1,200 per day. All sorts of food except meat

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 303

were in them. Department stores made special provisions for such
shipments and furnished airtight containers.

Merchandise by Submarine

This country was amazed when, on July 8th, an immense submarine,
the Deutschland, arrived in port at Baltimore, with a cargo of dyes and
similar merchandise. Though some previous predictions had been
made through German sources that such a visit was to be made, it had
hardly been believed possible. England and France called to the atten-
tion of the Government of the United States the presence of this
strange, and to them questionable craft in our port, with the request
that her character be determined. The collector of the port reported
that she had no guns, was manned by a merchant crew, carried mer-
chandise cargo and was not a warship. The Deutschland made a
second trip, putting in November ist at New London. Reports that
others would start a regular service never materialized. The Allies
continued to insist that the submarine should be treated as a vessel of
war.

Laws passed in contemplation of war circumstances provided clauses
deaHng with hindrances to mail service.

On July 18, 19 16, England made public a "blacklist" of eighty-three
firms and individuals of enemy nationality or associations, resident in
our country, and forbade British subjects to trade with them under
the same penalties as if trading with the enemy. This prohibition it
was explained applied to German firms with head offices in Germany;
to German firms incorporated in the United States and technically
American; and those that made use of secret code or cloak to cover
the fact that they were using the cables in the interest of the enemy.
Mr. Lansing at once instructed Mr. Page to protest. The "blacklist,"
he said, had been received with "the most painful surprise" by the
people and Government of the United States. It seems to be an
arbitrary interference with neutral trade against which it was the
duty of the Government "to protect in most decided terms." Negotia-
tions over this subject continued until we entered the war.

There suddenly appeared ofif the coast of Newport, R. I., the U-53, a
German submarine, which stayed a few hours and put to sea, to a point

304 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

sixty miles south of Nantucket lightship. There the American steam-
er Kansan was stopped, then permitted to proceed. The Strathdene
was met, torpedoed, and sunk. One British ship and two neutral
ships were stopped and sunk. American boats went out in response
to radio calls for help.

It was made apparent from German sources that the design was to
ascertain what course the United States would take in regard to pro-
tecting stranded crews and passengers, under the view that to save
them would be to aid Germany.

The British steamer Marina was torpedoed without warning off the
southwest coast of Ireland. Six of fifty-two Americans aboard were
drowned. On October 26th the British steamer Rowanmore, with
Americans aboard, was torpedoed. A few days later the Arabia, with
one American aboard, was sunk in the Mediterranean. Off the Span-
ish coast the American steamer Columbian was required to follow a
submarine which captured her. The submarine captain was advised
of her American ownership, but he took the crew off and sunk her, the
crew going aboard the Bolo, a prize ship in charge. The Swedish
steamer Varing was captured; all men held as prisoners were trans-
ferred to the Varing and the Bolo was sunk; the Norwegian steamer
Fordalen was captured and sunk. Later the American steamer Che-
mung was torpedoed in the Mediterranean. On December 4th, the
Italian steamer Palermo, enroute from New York to Geneva with
horses and mules, was torpedoed near the coast of Spain with twenty-
five Americans aboard. When called upon for an explanation, Ger-
many alleged that the Marina was a transport and that she was armed.
England admitted that she carried horses on her east-bound trip, but
was not in the government service on the trip west. Her claim with
regard to the Columbian was that the ship was torpedoed because of
assistance given to the enemy by wireless.

Belgian Men in Slavery

In October of 1916 a new reign of terror began in Belgium. Hav-
ing destroyed that country's industry by carrying off her machinery,
seizing raw materials, and depriving thousands of nien of the means
of earning a living, German authorities in the military area in Flai>

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 305

ders seized idle workmen to send them to Germany. On October 3d she
posted decrees in every town and village in the area subject to military
orders calling on the men to prepare to leave. When the municipal
authorities refused to give the lists of men the towns were fined.
Tournai resolved against compliance ; a fine of 200,000 marks- was
levied. Five thousand men between the ages of seventeen and thirty
were taken from Ghent and 15,000 were taken from the country.
Refugees told how men of the prescribed ages were loaded into cars
while wives, children, and relatives were not permitted to approach
within three hundred yards of the station. At Mons 6,200 men were
marched before bayonets. The women of Belgium appealed to Minis-
ter Brand Whitlock, who represented this country. Belgium, through
its minister at Washington, protested to Secretary Lansing. When
the protest was made German authorities assumed that this course was
necessary to make men work who were not voluntarily inclined to
work. They alleged that the British policy cut them off from raw
materials so that they had nothing with which to work.

When the war opened Germany established a bureau for the acquisi-
tion of raw materials by purchase in neutral countries and by seizure
in countries to be conquered. In obedience to sixty-six decrees at
different interims Belgium was stripped bare of machines and machine
tools, of lathes, wool and linen, cotton, jute, and thread, rubber, min-
eral, and chemical products, locomotives and automobiles, horses, cattle,
hides, fats, and oils, of almost everything the people possessed. Why
this was done was made clear in a speech by Herr Beumer in the
Prussian Diet about the time of the great "slave raids."

"Anybody," said he, "who knows the present state of things in
Belgian industry will agree with me that it must take at least some
years — assuming that Belgium is independent at all — before Belgium
can ever think of competing with us in the world market. And any-
body who has traveled as I have done, through the occupied districts
of France, will agree with me that so much damage has been done to
industrial property that no one need be a prophet in order to say it will
take more than ten years before we need think of France as a competi-
tor or of the reestablishment of French industry."

Protests produced no efifect whatever.

3o6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Suggestions of Peace

Late in the year of 1916 negotiations for peace were suggested from
two different sources.

On December 12th the Emperor of Germany, speaking through the
chancellor, addressed the Reichstag, announcing that he had made an
oft'er of peace to the Allies. His address followed a boastful vein,
assumed that the advantage of the situation as it stood was all in favor
of the Central Powers, and professed "unconquerable strength" on the
part of Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, and Turkey. He further pro-
fessed that Germany's aims were not to "shatter or annihilate our
enemies."

In opposition to this suggestion the Allies acknowledged that grant-
ing peace at that time would be proclaiming Germany as victorious;
and responded that the only ground on which peace could be granted
was that Germany accede to restitution, reparation, and guarantees
against repetition of their offenses against humanity and international
law.

On December i8th President Wilson wrote a peace note to the war-
ring nations. He did not suggest means of arriving at peace, but
assumed that all parties were ready to form, not rival leagues, but a
league of nations to preserve the peace of the world. He was not
proposing peace, nor offering mediation, but suggesting that soundings
be taken that neutral and warring nations might know "how near the
haven of peace may be."

Secretary of State Lansing made an explanation of the President's
note by saying that it was "not our material interests we had in mind
when the note was sent, but more and more our own rights are becom-
ing involved by the belligerents on both sides, so that the situation is
becoming increasingly critical."

According to the President's message on the subject, "the concrete
object for which it is being waged had never been definitely stated."

The response of the Entente to Germany's note, delivered January
4, 1917, assumed that the note suggesting that negotiations for peace
be opened and not in itself an oft'er of peace. It was designated as
"less an offer of peace than a war maneuver." The Allies further
characterized it as "empty and insincere."

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 307

The Kaiser's response to this manner of meeting him was an order
to his army: "Our enemies did not want the understanding offered
by me. With God's help our armies will enforce it."

Conflicting expressions from American citizens, press, and public
men met the President's effort to draw forth a statement from the
belligerents that would afford a basis for peace. The note was both
denounced and supported.

A response to the President's note was given out December 26, 1916,
from both Germany and Austria-Hungary. They expressed the belief
that a direct exchange of views would be helpful; and suggested a
meeting of representatives of the belligerent powers on neutral ground.

Neutral powers of Europe hoped that the initiative taken by the
President would bear fruit. English publicists held that the issues
could not be put in diplomatic language, could not be bargained for.
The German press said that Germany's conditions could be made
known through President Wilson.

The Allies did not believe it possible "at the present time" to obtain
such a peace as would assure reparations, restitution, and such guar-
antees as were necessary to estabhsh the future of European nations
on a solid basis. They deplored the losses, but denied responsibility
for the war, and in detail recited the wrongs of the Central Empires
against neighboring nations.

No fact was better established than "the willful aggression of Ger-
many and Austria-Hungary to insure their hegemony over Europe
and their economic domination over the world. Germanv proved by
her declaration of war, by the immediate invasion of Belgium and
Luxemburg, and by her manner of conducting the war, her systematic
contempt for all principles of humanity and all respect for small states."

But the President wished that the belligerent powers state what they
sought by continuing the war. They sought the "restitution of Bel-
gium, of Serbia, of Montenegro, and the indemnities due them; the
evacuation of the invaded territories of France, Russia, and Rou-
mania, with just reparation ;" the "reorganization of Europe guaran-
teed by a stable regime, and founded as much on respect of nationalities
and full security and liberty of economic development" as upon "terri-
torial conventions and international conventions and international

3o8 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

agreements." They demanded the restoration of provinces wrested
from the AUies in the past; the Hberation of Italians, Slavs, Rouma-
nians, Tcheco Slovaks from foreign domination ; "the enfranchisement
of peoples subject to the bloody tyranny of the Turks," and the expul-
sion from Europe of the Ottoman Empire.

With the note from the Entente Powers came one from Belgium.
In it the officials of the invaded kingdom held that if ever there was a
country that had a right to say it had taken up arms to defend its life
that country was Belgium. Forced to fight or submit to shame, she
passionately desired that an end be put to the unprecedented suffering
of her people ; but she could accept no peace which did not assure her
reparation, security, and guarantees for the future.

In response to the Allies' answer to the German peace proposals,
Germany came forward with a note directed to neutral governments.
She reviewed England's holding of colonies as illustrating that she was
not consistent in asking for the national life of small nations, asserted
that she was insincere and that the means of war used against Ger-
many indicated a desire to restrict the strength and union of the Cen-
tral Powers.

Balfour, British minister for foreign affairs, wrote that no peace
could long endure if the foundations were defective. He reviewed
territorial conditions, largely with reference to Turkey and Germany's
then domination, and said that peace under those circumstances would
aft'ord less occasion for future wars, but no guarantee against war, and
the hope of the President for the future of the world would be as far
as ever from realization. So long as Germany remained the Germany
which without the shadow of justification overran and barbarously ill-
used a country she was bound by treaty to protect, no state could be
secure if its rights had no better protection than a treaty. No peace
could last unless the existing causes of international unrest were re-
moved or weakened; unless the aggressive aims and unscrupulous
methods of the Central Powers should fall into disrepute among their
own people; unless behind international law, behind all treaties for
preventing hostilities some form of international sanction should be
devised which would make the hardiest aggressor pause.

The very day this note was delivered at Washington, the British

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 309

admiralty announced that a German raider was in the Atlantic, that it
had sunk eight British and two French merchantmen, and had cap-
tured two, that "the Japanese Hudson Maru" had reached Pernambuco
with 237 officers and men from the lost ships, and that the others, some
450 in number, had ben placed on the captured steamer Yarrowdale.

The captain of the Dramatist, one of the ships destroyed by the
raider, on reaching Pernambuco on the Hudson Maru, stated that the
1 8th of December he sighted a steamer going in the same direction as
his ; that early in the afternoon she drew alongside, broke out the Ger-
man naval ensign, dropped her sides under the forecastle bulwarks,
revealing two guns trained on the Dramatist, and called on him to
surrender. The Dramatist was then boarded and, after her crew was
transferred to the raider, was torpedoed. Later, part of the crew was
sent to the Hudson Maru and orders given to follow the raider until
January 12th and then proceed to Pernambuco. Reports from Buenos
Aires added eleven ships, British, French, and Danish, to the list given
out by the admiralty. The Yarrowdale, with 469 prisoners, of whom
seventy-two were Americans, reached a German port in safety.

To the astonishment of the country the President now appeared,
unexpectedly, before the Senate, and delivered an address which
amazed Europe. He requested of the belligerents more definite in-
formation than had yet been made of the terms on which it would be
possible to make peace. The President demanded "peace without vic-
tory," that every people be permitted affiliation with governments of
common faith and purposes; that the "paths of the sea must alike in
law and in fact be free." He was "proposing government by the con-
sent of the governed; that freedom of the seas which in international
conference after conference representatives of the United States have
urged with the eloquence of those who are the convinced disciples of
liberty; and that moderation of armaments which make of armies and
navies a power for order merely, not an instrument of aggression or
selfish violence."

This message did not find a responsive spirit in England; victory
was essential for safety. Germany would not agree to peace without
victory. Everywhere the message was regarded as ideal. The Cana-
dian Senate adopted a resolution that "only representatives of nations

310 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

which have taken part or been engaged in the present war should par-
ticipate in the negotiations for peace."

And now all this discussion of peace, and the terms of peace, and
ways to enforce peace, came to a sudden end when, on January 31,
1917, the German ambassador presented a note announcing the imme-
diate resumption of ruthless submarine warfare. Germany indicated
a desire that the peace to be signed with Belgium should provide such
conditions as would prevent her ever again being used for hostile pur-
poses against Germany. She alleged that the real aims of her enemies
were the dismemberment of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and
Bulgaria, and expressed the conviction that the Entente Powers "de-
clared only such a peace to be possible as shall be dictated by the En-
tente Powers."

A new situation has thus been created which forces Germany to new
decisions. . . Under these circumstances Germany will meet the
illegal measures of her enemies by forcibly preventing, after February
I, 191 7, in a zone around Great Britain, France, Italy, and the eastern
Mediterranean, all navigation, that of neutrals included, from and to
England, from and to France, etc. All ships met within that zone will
be sunk.

Another memorandum defined the boundaries of barred zones, and
the open routes through them, and stated rules for the guidance of
American shipping which limited sailings to one steamship a week in
and out of Falmouth, England, only; and further specified that the
ships must be painted in a certain way to distinguish them from other
ships. The limitations specified a route via the Scilly Islands, and a
point fifty degrees north and twenty degrees west. The situation thus
created is pointedly summed up by John Bach McMaster in his history,
The United States in the World War:

Our country had now received its orders. Had the German armies
been in possession of every foot of our soil from the Atlantic to the
Pacific these orders could not have been more tyrannical. No "Avis,"
no "Proclamation," no "Order" signed by Von Bissing, or Von der
Goltz, or Von Buelow and pasted on the walls of Brussels, or Liege,
was written more in the spirit of the conqueror. Once each week one
passenger steamship, striped like a barber's pole, and flying at each
masthead a flag resembling the kitchen tablecloths of bygone days,
might leave one port of the United States, and making its way along a

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 311

prescribed course, enter a specified port in England on a Sabbath day,
or be sunk without warning. The gravity of the situation alone pre-
vented such a spectacle from being laughable.

The threat of the President in his note on the Sussex left no choice
as to the stand of the United States. When the note was made public
stocks fell, the rate of marine insurance rose, sailings of neutral vessels
were cancelled or suspended, the port of New York was temporarily
closed; a searching examination was made of seventeen German ves-
sels, which had been lying at piers in New York or Hoboken since the
opening of the war, lest they should attempt to make a dash to sea, or
block a channel; officers and men on interned German raiders were
denied shore leave ; torpedo boat destroyers at the New York navy yard
were put in readiness for sea and the crew of the German freighter,
Liebenfels, long anchored in Charleston harbor, opened the sea-cocks
and sank her in forty feet of water. The press of Germany exhibited
defiance in the face of public opinion in the United States.

On the afternoon of February 3d President Wilson announced to
Congress that diplomatic relations were broken, and in the message
stated that "If American ships and American lives should be sacrificed,
I shall take the liberty of coming again before the Congress to ask that
authority be given me to use any means that may be necessary for the
protection of our seamen and our people in the prosecution of their
peaceful and legitimate errands on the high seas."

The German ambassador, the several consuls, and their families
comprised a party of 149 persons who took their departure from New
York on the 14th of February.

President Wilson suggested that it would make for the peace of the
world if other neutral nations would take action similar to that taken
by the United States. None of them did, but Switzerland, Holland,
Spain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Brazil, Chili, Peru, Cuba, and
China protested against the ruthless submarine warfare and the re-
stricted zone.

The sinking of the American ship Housatonic it was thought would
be the overt act to which the President had referred, but investigation
of the case showed that the ship had been boarded and searched; that

312 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

the crew had been given time to take to the boats, and later the boats
were towed to the coast of England by the attacking submarine.

The American national militia prepared for mobilization, public
property was put under guard, great industrial plants gave notice that
they were ready to cooperate in case of war — and meanwhile pacifists
were making a formidable effort to protest against the declaration of
war. The Senate passed a resolution approving the course taken by
President Wilson.

When the first week of submarine frightfulness had passed sixty-
nine ships of various nations had been sunk.

At this stage Germany presented verbally, through the Swiss min-
ister, a proposition concerning submarine warfare. When the Presi-
dent asked that it be submitted in writing Germany complied, stating
that now, as before, she was willing to negotiate with the United States
provided the commercial blockade against England will not be broken
thereby. A response was forthcoming from our secretary of state
saying that the United States would be glad to discuss matters pro-
vided that the proclamation of January 31st be withdrawn and would
not discuss submarine warfare unless assurances of May 4th would be
renewed. The written note through the Swiss Government made it
plain that Germany considered that the only subjects of negotiations
were certain concessions regarding American ships carrying pas-
sengers.

Then on January 19th was announced the capture of the Hudson
Maru and other ships to which reference was made in a previous para-
graph. Germany alleged that the Americans captured were "removed
as prisoners of war insofar as they had taken pay on armed vessels."
Prisoners captured by sea raids totaled 1,389 — fifty-nine of whom
were Americans. Demand was made for their release on the ground
that they did not know when they shipped that Germany would treat
armed merchantmen as ships of war. Whereupon the German For-
eign Office replied that they would be released at once.

But just at that time diplomatic relations were broken ; the men were
not set free and the Swiss minister notified the Department of State
that the men would be detained until the Imperial Government was
informed concerning the treatment of the crews of German warships

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 313

interned in American harbors and until she had definite assurances
that the crews of German merchantmen would not be held or impris-
oned. Washington was amazed. The crews of the raiders, Prinz
Eitel Friedrich and Kronprinz Wilhelm, and of such gunboats as were
interned at Guam and Honolulu were, under international law, held as
prisoners during the war. German merchantmen were not interned,
remained in our harbors as ports of refuge, were at liberty to put to
sea at any time, and the members of their crews were as free as any
aliens to enter our country on complying with the requirements of the
immigration laws. Until then they were held aboard their ships by
the immigration authorities. The United States had seized no German
ships. A formal demand was then made through the Spanish ambas-
sador for their immediate release. He was asked to say that if not
liberated at once, "and allowed to cross the frontier without further
delay," the United States would be forced "to consider what measures
it may be necessary to take in order to obtain satisfaction for the con-
tinued detention of these innocent American citizens." March nth
they finally reached Zurich.

When Von Bernstorfif was given his passports from the United
States it naturally followed that our minister at Berlin, Mr. Gerard,
should be relieved of official connections there. He was treated much
like a prisoner on the pretext of uncertainty as to the treatment of Von
Bernstorfif in this country. Germany professed to have no report from
the United States to know how her ambassador and consuls were far-
ing and made other excuses of suspected American offense against the
usual customs in such cases. Not until the good treatment given to
Germans in this country was known in Berlin was it arranged that the
ambassador and attaches should go to Switzerland by way of Berne.
Before Mr. Gerard left Germany ofificials of that country submitted
to him a proposal to secure approval of a protocol to a treaty confirming
and enlarging the privileges of German subjects in America and Amer-
ican subjects in Germany. The existing treaty provided that subjects
of each country should be exempt from war-time restrictions for a
period of nine months after war should be declared. The whole pro-
posal was rejected — first by the ambassador and later by the State
Department when submitted through the Swiss minister.

314 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Immediately after the severance of diplomatic relations relief work
was abandoned in Belgium because of restrictions imposed by the mili-
tary rule of Germany. The diplomatic privileges and immunities of
our Belgian minister, Brand Whitlock, were withdrawn. Between
March 25th and April loth four Belgian relief ships were sunk by
German submarines. When relief work was abandoned by Americans
it was taken up by the Dutch.

President Wilson asked for authority to arm merchant vessels, stat-
ing that Germany had established a blockade of our coasts by so terror-
izing our merchants that our ships were not sent to sea. In response
to this request a bill was introduced in Congress to appropriate $100,-
000,000 for the protection of merchant vessels.

With the announcement of the sinking of the Laconia debate over
granting to the President power to afford protection for vessels went
on until February 28th. It then developed through an announcement
in the Associated Press that Germany was intriguing to unite Mexico
and Japan against the United States, and had stated to these countries
its determination to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. Germany
promised financial support to Mexico, suggested that they make war
together and together make peace, with the further suggestion that
Mexico reconquer the lost territory of New Mexico, Texas, and Ari-
zona. In the face of these developments opposition to the armed ship
bill was dissipated and it was passed by the House of Representatives.
When the Senate filibustered to prevent the passage of the bill before
the session adjourned by limitation, seventy-five of the ninety-six mem-
bers signed a protest.

With Congress adjourned the Department of State notified members
of the diplomatic body that an armed guard would be placed on all
merchant vessels passing through the barred zone, and newspapers
were asked not to publish sailing dates of vessels.

At this time the Russian revolution developed; the Czar abdicated;
and though the new government assured the Allies that they were
desirous to continue in support of the Allied cause, the finding of stored
food in Petrograd led to the conclusion that the old regime was trying
to create an excuse for making a separate peace.

Congress had been called to meet in extra session the i6th of April,

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 3 1 5

but when the American ships, the City of Memphis, the Ilhnois, the
Vigilancia were sunk by German U-boats it was apparent that the
overt act had been committed. The date for Congress to assemble
was now advanced to April 2d.

The purposes of the President in calling the extra session were not
long withheld. On the first day of their assembling he delivered the
war message to that body. Pacifists behaved in an unseemly manner
in seeking to retard him in his purpose, but never was he greeted by
such applause, such cheering, as when he entered the chamber of the
House, walked to the speaker's desk and looked out upon an excited
audience, almost every member of which was waving a national flag.
That night, before the two houses adjourned, a resolution declaring a
state of war existed was introduced in each. After a debate of thir-
teen hours the resolution passed the Senate, and on April 5th came
before the House with a long report from the committee on foreign
affairs. After some fifty speeches attacking and defending Germany
the House, a few minutes after three o'clock on the morning of April
6, 1917, passed the joint resolution; the yeas were 373 and the nays 50.

Thus empowered to act, the President on April 6th issued a procla-
mation declaring that "a state of war exists between the United States
and the Imperial German Government."

Orator Won State Contest
A war-time oratorical accomplishment that is worthy of record in
this volume was that of Miss Dewey Deal, a student in Buena Vista
College, who, as a representative of that institution, won the state
oratorical contest at Morningside College, Sioux City, March i, 1918.
The text of the oration makes it especially enlightening with reference
to the subject matter handled in this volume. Miss Deal spoke from
the subject,

THE POLICY THAT FAILED

On the eighteenth day of June, 1815, Napoleon, who had made him-
self master of all Europe, met his final defeat and another dream of
world conquest had failed. When the armies were gathering for that
mighty struggle at Waterloo there was born in the little kingdom of
Saxony a leader who laid the foundation for another government whose
ambition was "world power," whose motto was "Might makes Right."

3i6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

For more than thirty years after the fall of Napoleon the struggle
for representative government and the rights of man grew and spread
until the royal houses of the empires of Europe were shaken to their
foundations, but the cause of Democracy and popular government did
not produce a leader, outside of France, strong enough to overthrow
royal power and destroy the military autocracies.

This young Saxon, from the fall of Napoleon to 1848, watched the
struggle for the rights of the people against the power of the King.
During that time the genius of Sharnhorst built up a system of uni-
versal military training in Prussia. Every man was taught that he
was one of the defenders of the Fatherland. The military strength
of Germany grew at the same time that the struggle for representative
government came to the final test.

The King of Prussia was repeatedly forced to promise a constitu-
tional government to his people, which promise however, was never
performed. The popular demand became so strong in 1848 that a
convention was called for the purpose of forming a liberal constitution.
The representatives of the people were confident and the King was
alarmed.

The young man of Saxony who had seen the struggle coming and
had taken his position on the side of the King, was a delegate to this
convention. This was his first appearance on the political stage of
Europe upon which for more than a quarter of a century he was des-
tined to play a leading part. He was chosen to represent the King
because of his uncompromising belief in "the fundamental right of
royalty to rule its subjects." The King of Prussia recognized the
power of the man who was daring enough to follow this ruthless policy
without hesitation ; the man who finally put into definite form the corner-
stone of his national policy and announced to the astonished subjects
of his royal master the road by which Germany should reach her ulti-
mate destination. He said, "not by speeches and resolutions of majori-
ties are the mighty problems of the age to be solved but by a policy
of blood and iron." "Blood and Iron" became the foundation upon
which the future power and greatness of Germany was reared by the
master statesman of the nineteenth century, Prince Otto von Bismarck.

Full in the face of the universal demand for representative govern-
ment in Germany, Bismarck took his stand upon the side of his sover-
eign. He had an unshaken belief in the divine right of kings and had
the courage to announce his faith in that doctrine and to preach to the
people of Germany a policy of absolute submission to the royal com-
mand.

His policy must necessarily be built upon military force. Every

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 317

parliament that convened was asked to authorize expenditures for a
great army. This authority was never granted, yet the army was
organized, assessments were levied, and the people paid the taxes.

In 1864 the Schleswig-Holstein controversy offered him his first op-
portunity. By making rich promises to Austria, he secured the cooper-
ation of her armies. After a brief but bitter fight, Denmark was de-
feated and Schleswig and Holstein came under German and Austrian
rule.

Troubte at once arose over the division of the spoils of conquest.
Bismarck had no intention that Austria should share in the plunder.
When Austria saw that the German leader had played false, war was
inevitable. Prussia welcomed the war because her armies were secret-
ly equipped with the new breech-loading rifle. The defeat of the Aus-
trians was assured in advance. Her armies were destroyed at the
great battle of Sadowa. She relinquished all claim to Schleswig and
paid a heavy indemnity as the price of peace.

Bismarck well knew the temper of the German people, and knew that
his policy was not yet accepted by them. The dispute with Napoleon
III offered him another opportunity. By cleverly changing the word-
ing of the famous Ems telegram, the people of both Germany and
France were aroused to the most intense hatred against each other,
and the Franco-Prussian war followed. Bismarck understood the
weakness of Napoleon and knew the strength and power of the German
war machine. In thirty days the armies of the French were scattered
or destroyed. Alsace and Lorraine were annexed to Germany, France
was compelled to pay an indemnity of one billion dollars and in the
great palace at Versailles the leaders of all the scattered German states
united in proclaiming William I as Emperor of all Germany.

Almost in a day, from being the most hated man in the kingdom,
Bismarck became its great national hero. The leaders of the demo-
cratic movement forgot he was their enemy, the people accepted him as
the greatest statesman in German history. They took the provinces,
the indemnities and the policies of their leader and incorporated them
into the German Empire and the German system of government.

A long period of peace and industrial prosperity followed. From
that time the political prestige, the industrial organization, and the edu-
cational system of Germany progressed most "remarkably. With the
growth of the power and prosperity of the empire, the position of her
rulers became increasingly strong; individual thought, poHtical free-
dom, and popular rights were surrendered.

When the power and prestige of Bismarck was at its height, William
I died. His son lived but a short time and William II came to the

3i8 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

throne. It was not possible for two such men as Bismarck and Wil-
helm to work together. Neither could accept advice nor take instruc-
tion. The break soon came, Bismarck was retired and the young
prince became heir to the military conquests, the prosperity and power
that had been builded by his grandfather, by Von Moltke, and Bis-
marck.

This empire had been thoroughly converted to the beliefs and doc-
trines of the great chancellor. There was no popular movement to-
ward democracy. The German nation did not care to disturb the
military system that had been organized by its war-lords. She was
satisfied with the schools whose principal teaching was "Deutschland
uber alles." She accepted a religion that recognized only a German
God as the supreme ruler of the universe. After half a century under
such a government, the time appeared to be ripe, the people were sub-
missive, and the military thunderbolts of Germany were ready to be let
loose upon the world.

In July, 1914, the murder of an obscure Austrian prince gave the
needed pretext for another conflict of aggression to satisfy the ambi-
tions of the war mad Emperor and his people. Bismarck never would
have committed himself to the present war. He probably would not
have started a' world war at any time, and yet he must be held respon-
sible for the working out of the policy which he inaugurated. William
II accepted Bismarck's proposition and carried it to its logical conclu-
sion.

What does it mean to teach a great nation for more than a half cen-
tury that the only way to attain its national destiny is by a policy of
"blood and iron" ? For a hundred years hence, all the historians of the
world will be busy writing the record of the result of such a policy. It
has made the very name of Germany infamous throughout the civilized
world. She disregarded her treaties. She signed her name to the
solemn obligation to protect and defend the integrity of Belgium, yet
she violated that pledge without a moment's hesitation, with no other
apology than the plea of military necessity.

Her most sacred argument is, it stood in the way of her military
aggression, became a "mere scrap of paper." Her statesmen were
pledged to the representatives of the civilized nations of the world, that
unarmed merchant ships should not be sunk or destroyed without first
safeguarding the lives of the passengers and crew. \Mien called upon
to account for violating that pledge she solemnly agreed that the offense
would not be repeated. Then, without warning, she destroyed the
greatest passenger ship upon the waters of the oceans and a thousand
defenseless men, women, and children perished. She sent her spies

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 319

into every community of the civilized world with specific authority to
stir up strife and wars between neutral nations, to destroy property,
and to take the lives of any person or organization that interfered with
Germany's military ambition.

Within the walls of her vast factories, she seci-etly built monster
guns, manufactured poisonous gases, and trained her soldiers to destroy
without hesitation and without mercy anything or any man that stood
in the path of her invading army. She built great ships of the air and
sent them forth in the night to drop explosives upon peaceful cities, the
homes of unarmed men and defenseless women and children ; attacking
the hospitals of the sick and wounded that were maintained by the
greatest organization of mercy and charity the world has ever seen.
She taught absolute annihilation of the population in any territory
occupied by her armies ; she adopted a policy of frightfulness to terror-
ize the nations of the world that stood in the pathway of her military
conquest.

Her soldiers in obedience to the written orders of their commanders
have committed more crimes than have occurred in the military history
of the world. She stands condemned today in the eyes of right think-
ing men and in all the years to come she will never be able to make
right these wrongs. For more than two years we were unable to
understand that the aim and ambition of the German government was
world conquest. One hundred million people of a peace loving and
law abiding nation were slowly awakening to the truth.

The final chapter in this ruthless program of German}' was wr,itten,
when in the face of her solemn agreement she announced to the world
that she had resumed her policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.

The time for temporizing, for argument had passed, the hour for
action at last had come. William II had let loose against the whole
civilized world his great fleet of pirates and murderers of the sea.
Success appeared to be within his grasp. The fleets of Germany's foes
were being wiped from the surface of all the seas. His starving and
helpless enemies must surrender.

William II and the thousand of his lords were feasting and celebrat-
ing the anticipated victory. "They brought out the golden vessels,
taken from the temple of the house of God. They drank wine and
praised the gods of gold and of silver, of brass and of iron, of wood
and of stone. In the same hour came forth the fingers of a man's
hand and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaster of the
wall of the King's palace, and the King saw the part of the hand that
wrote. Then the King's countenance was changed and his thoughts
troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees

320 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

smote one against another. Then was the part of the hand sent from
him; and this writing was written: 'This is the interpretation of the
thing: God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it. Thou art
weighed in the balance and found wanting.' The Government of the
United States has declared war upon Germany."

The policy of blood and iron had failed, and failed forever.

THE AR^IY OF THE WORLD WAR

IF ONE were to ask what has been the biggest achievement of the
United States in all her histor}^, there could be only one answer:
The Army of the World War. The growth of an army of but
190,000 on April 6, 191 7, to one of 3,665,000 men on November 11,
1918; the transporting of more than 2,000,000 men of this army to
France; the training of this large number of men in the various de-
partments of the army; and the furnishing of supplies and equipment
to these various departments, constitute the almost unbelievable
achievement of our country in the Army of the World War.

Ths Growth of the Army

On April 6, 1917, our army consisted of 190,000 men, with no definite
plan for increasing it. There had been, of course, considerable dis-
cussion previous to this time as to ways and means of building up an
army, but all so indefinite that our army program dates from the
declaration of war. At this time it was the concensus of opinion that
while we must train a large army to be ready for any emergency, our
part in the war was principally to furnish money and munitions to our
allies — but not for long, as very soon the call from across the ocean
became very insistent for men and more men to take part.

The first response from the country following our entry into the war
came in the form of ofifers of service from the people. For weeks there
poured into the War Department an almost bewildering stream of
letters and visitors offering services of every kind. The regular army
was busy taking in new recruits. The governors of the various states
had called the National Guard into state service in anticipation of the
national call, and in order to build up its various companies to nearer
war strength. Buena Vista County had no military organization;
the nearest one was Company M, Iowa National Guard, at Cherokee.

A mass meeting was held at Storm Lake on Saturday evening, April
7, 1 91 7, at which time twelve enlisted for service, eleven of them in

322 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Company M. Of this number, Claude Nichols, Harold Coulson, and
Harold Labron failed to pass the physical examination. On April
13th, Company M was invited down to Storm Lake to attend a large
patriotic meeting. At this time six more men enlisted, and after that
men were leaving nearly every day for places of enlistment.

Congress rapidly perfected its legislative program, and in a few
weeks very definite directions began to appear in the work of prepara-
tion. The act of May i8th, entitled "An act to authorize the President
to increase temporarily the military establishment of the United
States," looked to three sources for the army which it created:

1. The Regular Army, of which the actual strength on June 30,
191 7, was 250,157 men and officers. The provisions of the act, how-
ever, contemplated an increase to 13,377 officers and 470,185 enlisted
men.

2. The National Guard, containing on June 30, 19 17, approximate-
ly 3,803 officers and 107,320 enHsted men. The provisions of the act,
however, contemplated an increase to 13,377 officers and 455,800 en-
listed men.

3. In addition to this, the act provided for a National Army, raised
by the process of selective conscription or draft, of which the President
was empowered to summon two units of 500,000 men each at such time
as he should determine wise.

One of the most serious problems confronting the War Department
in April, 191 7, was the procurement of sufficient officers to fill the re-
quirements of the divisions that were to be formed for overseas duty.
As the first step toward the solution of this problem it was decided to
offer a three months' intensive training course to qualified civilians at
summer training camps modeled after the Plattsburg idea, for which
Major General Leonard Wood was so largely responsible. In August,

1917, a total of 27,341 candidates were graduated from the first series
of these officers' training schools, a number sufficient to meet the im-
mediate needs of the army. A second series was held during Septem-
ber, October, and November, and a third series from January to April,

1918. The first two series were essentially civilian in character, and
because of the need for officers of all grades commissions were granted
up to the grade of colonel. The third series, however, drew ninety

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 323

per cent of its candidates from the enlisted men of the army, and the
other ten per cent from civihans of draft age who had received mihtary
training at recognized educational institutions. The candidates in the
third series were, upon satisfactory completion of the course, listed as
eligible for appointment as second lieutenants and in a few weeks after
graduation were commissioned and assigned to duty.

First Officers' Training Camp
George McCullough writes :

There were about sixty men lined up at headquarters wheii we ar-
rived and it took us about an hour to get an O. K. on our admission
cards. We were then taken to the hospital and given an examination
by army surgeons, and I might say this examination was the most rigid
one could imagine. All men were stripped before the examination and
it took about ninety minutes to go over the men who went in when we
did. Many were rejected on account of poor teeth, poor sight or hear-
ing, weak heart, flat feet, or for many other reasons. All the Storm
Lake boys went through in good shape. We were then assigned to
quarters.

We drew our clothing, consisting of shirt, hat, shoes, leggins, trous-
ers, coat, and our equipment, consisting of cot, mattress, two blankets,
two mattress covers, two pillows, rifle, bayonet, haversack with all its
contents, as soon as we had been accepted. In the engineer company
we also have sheets and pillow cases.

Our daily routine for the past week has been about the same except
on Saturday. All men are expected to arise at 5 a.m., and be ready
for the first drill at 5:25. This lasts until 5:55. Breakfast is served
at 6:05 and the next drill is from 7 to 9 :30. This is the regular infan-
try drill and it is surprising what progress has been made in one week.
At 9:30 we go on a hike of four miles and get back at 10:30. From
10:30 to 12 we have "conference." These consist of lectures and in-
structions by regular army ofiicers on methods of warfare and duties of
the officers. Dinner is served at 12:30. At i :30 we have drill again,
this time with rifles and equipment, from sixty to ninetv minutes. Then
we have aiming and sighting and another conference, which will usual-
ly require the balance of the afternoon until 5 p.m. At 5 :45 we line
up for retreat, when the flag is lowered. Supper comes on at 6:05, and
7 to 9 in the evening we study for the next day's conferences. Lights
in barracks are out at 9:15 and all lights on the reservation go off at
II P.M. This makes up a real day, one that is strenuous indeed.
Wednesday morning four men went to the hospital and Thursday

324 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

morning there were fifty. But the main trouble was "sore feet" and
all but five were sent back to their companies. Men used to out-door
work stand this course of training well, but the men who come from
offices are having a hard time. But in spite of this everybody is on
the job all the time and no one has a single complaint to offer. Satur-
day we had inspection. In spite of all the cleaning and rubbing of
guns for days the inspector seems to be able to find grease and dust.

On Saturday a part of the companies, including ours, had to take the
anti-typhoid inoculation. It will give you an idea of the efficiency of
this organization when I tell you that 1,292 men got "shot in the arm"
in two hours and forty minutes by the hospital corps. The result of
this treatment is some pretty sore arms, and in some cases heads, too.
This is a three course treatment, the next one coming May 29th and
the third one June 8th.

Orders have been issued to keep the engineer company here five
weeks and then take them to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, for special
training.

It is too early to predict what our work will be at the end of the train-
ing camp, but great stress is being laid on methods of training recruits,
so we think part of the men at least will help train the conscript army.

WAR SPIRIT GROWS

This week ends the five weeks of preliminary training here, and an-
other "sorting" has begun. There are 130 men here who want to join
the coast artillery as officers. Fifty of them will be selected this week
and sent to Fortress Monroe, Virginia, for special training. The
cavalry men have all been transferred to the artillery and infantry, as
it has been decided that any cavalry sent to France will go unmounted.
Our company of engineers will be thinned out some and Saturday,
June 1 6th, we leave for Fort Leavenworth. During the last three days
nineteen men have gone back home. An examining board has been
appointed to report on the cases of the men reported by company com-
manders to be mentally, morally, or physically unfit. It seems to be
the policy of the government to train only those men whom it is sure
can do the work required.

The real facts of war are becoming more evident to us here as our in-
struction progresses. For the first two weeks we took bayonet drill
as prescribed by the United States army. This has now been dis-
carded and we are using the English and French systems. This drill
has caused much thought among the men here. We are beginning to
realize the things we must teach to thousands of young men in this
country, and wondering what the effect is going to be.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 325

I have seen many comments in the papers in regard to our food.
As was to be expected, there was some confusion in getting started,
but now we are getting good food and plenty of it. We haven't seen
any pie or cake, but we seem to do well without them. Every article of
food has its food value determined, and the amount and variety are
determined by what the body requires of the different elements.

We have seen no pay for work as yet and some of the men are
getting low in funds. This is serious business and every hour must
be made to count.

MOVING OVER UNKNOWN ROUTE

Yet another view of training camp activities is presented by George
K. McCullough in writing from Fort Leavenworth under date of June
23, 1917. In this letter he writes as follows:

We had a good example of how the government moves troops when
we came down here. We were unable to find out anything about the
route we were to take, for they told us it had not been determined.
Finally after we boarded the train the train crew told us we were to
go via Omaha and down to Leavenworth on the Kansas side. About
9 o'clock that night we found we were going through some towns
that could hardly be on our Omaha route and then we finally were told
that after starting the route had been changed. We came down here
through Fort Dodge, Des Moines, St. Joseph, and then to Leaven-
worth.

The work we are having now is more along engineering lines, that
is, military engineering, although we still have drill every day. One
day this week we built a pontoon bridge across a lake here about three
hundred feet wide, in less than three hours. These bridges are strong
enough to carry troops marching four abreast, and artillery pieces.
In fact they will carry anything that is required to cross except the
largest of the motor trucks. Larger pontoon bridges have to be built
where these are used. Quite a system of trenches has been built here
for the benefit of the training camp. These include the barbed wire
entanglements and the machine gun emplacements used in connection
with the trenches.

The engineering companies from camps at Fort Snelling, Fort Sher-
idan, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Fort Riley, and one camp in Texas
have all been sent here for the final work in our training, making 1,200
men in all. We have a general mess, that is, the 1,200 men eat at one
time in one room, and there surely is some system to the way they feed
us. We are allowed fifteen minutes for breakfast and supper, and
twenty minutes for dinner, and there is no trouble at all for everyone

326 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

to get all they want to eat in that time. There are twenty-four cooks
and seventy waiters employed, besides all the extra help in the kitchen.
The feeding of these 1,200 men has been let by contract, and while we
are not getting as good meals as we did at Snelling, still we are getting
fair service.

SHAM BATTLE TRAINING

Training for actual warfare is the gist of a letter from George K.
McCullough under date of July 14, 1917, as follows:

This week we "followed the flag" for the first time. Up to date we
have not had any of the formal parades and exercises. But now they
have divided our eight companies into four parts of 300 men each,
and every one of these groups puts on a formal battalion drill at 5 130
P.M. This is officially designated as "retreat," and is the time when
the flag is lowered for the night. It is a very inspiring sight. The
prison band furnishes the music.

We also had a real war this week, 600 men designated as the "Mis-
souri Kids" on one side and 600 more known as "Kansas Blues" on the
other side. We were with the Kansas Blues. We were armed with
blank cartridges. The Missouri Kids crossed the terminal bridge over
the Missouri River at Leavenworth and attempted to capture our store-
house at Fort Leavenworth. We had a lively time and a good deal of
noise. The result hasn't been announced by the umpire, but the store-
houses are still there.

A fourth series of officers' training schools, with an initial enroll-
ment of 13,114, was established May 15, 1918, in twenty-four National
Army and National Guard divisions in the United States. These
schools were an integral part of the divisions to which they were
attached and under the original plan the school would accompany the
division when it moved. Due to the urgent need of line officers, how-
ever, these schools were separated from their divisions, five central
officers' training schools were established at permanent replacement
camps, and candidates for such divisions as were scheduled for early
overseas service were transferred to these central schools. On No-
vember I, 1918, there were about 46,000 candidates in these schools.

Eleven men from Buena Vista County made application to the first
officers' training school, of whom seven were called and sent to Fort
Snelling, where all received commissions. The other four were called
for the second school. In the list of records will be found the names

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 327

of the above mentioned men and also those of many other Buena Vista
County men who attended these schools.

On the 3d day of July, 19 17, the President by proclamation called
into the federal service the national guard of the several states.

The principle of voluntary enlistments to fill up the ranks of the
Regular Army and the National Guard was preserved in the act of May
18, 191 7, the maximum age for enlistment in either service being fixed
at forty years. The total number of enlistments for the Regular Army
for the fiscal year 1917 was 160,084. The act authorizing the increase
in the military establishment provided that any deficiency remaining
in either the National Army or the National Guard should be made up
by selective conscription. The introduction of this new method of
enlistment so far afifected the whole question of selection for military
service that any deductions, either favorable or unfavorable, from the
number of voluntary enlistments, would be unwarranted.

In the preparation of the act providing for the temporary increase in
the military establishment, very earnest consideration was given by the
committees of the two Houses of Congress and by the department to
the principles which would be followed in creating a tremendous
emergency facing the nation. Our own history and experience with
the volunteer system afforded little precedent because of the new con-
ditions, and the experience of European nations was neither uniform
nor wholly adequate. Our adversary, the German Empire, had for
many years followed the practice of universal compulsory military
training and service, so that it was a nation of trained soldiers. In
France the same situation had existed. In England, on the other hand,
the volunteer system had continued, and the British army was rela-
tively a small body. The urgency, however, of the British need at the
outbreak of the war, and the unbroken traditions of England, were
against even the delay necessary to consider the principle upon which
action might best be taken, so that England's first effort was reduced to
that voluntary system, and her subsequent resort to the draft was
made after a long experience in raising vast numbers of men by volun-
tary enlistments as a result of campaigns of agitation and patriotic ap-
peal. The war in Europe, however, had lasted long enough to make

328 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

quite clear the character of the contest. It was obviously no such war as
had ever before occurred, either in the vast number of men necessary
to be engaged in strictly military occupations or in the elaborate and
far-reaching organization of industrial and civil society of the nation
back of the army.

Our military legislation was drafted after very earnest considera-
tion, to accomplish the following objects :

1. To provide in successive bodies adequate numbers of men to be
trained and used as combatant forces.

2. To select for these armies men of suitable age and strength.

3. To distribute the burden of the military defense of the nation in
the most equitable and democratic manner, and to that end to recognize
the universality of the obligation of service.

4. To reserve to the public authorities power so to control the selec-
tion of soldiers as to prevent the absorption of men indispensable to
agriculture and industry, and to prevent the loss of national strength
involved by the acceptance into the military service of men whose
greatest usefulness is in scientific pursuits or in agricultural produc-
tion.

5. To select, so far as may be, those men for military service whose
family and domestic obligations could best bear their separation from
home and dependents, and thus to cause the least possible distress among
the families of the nation as a whole, and assuming both the obligation
and the willingness of the citizen to give the maximum of service,
institute a national process for the expression of our military, indus-
trial, and financial strength, all at its highest, and with the least waste,
loss, and distress.

The people soon saw the essential fairness of the selective draft.
They saw it meant honor to the men who could compose the great
American army. The word "selective" indicated that the government
would find a man and say to him ; "A great work is to be done. The
government needs strong men, fighters, brave men who will go on and
accomplish the purpose of this war. You are such a man. Come."

The argument was good. Its interpretation came to mean exactly
this : The man inducted into the American National Army was hon-
ored above his fellows who, falling short, were not acceptable to the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 329

government. The men of the National Army, save in few instances,
felt honored. They were honored.

The ages first agreed upon for the men to be chosen by selective
draft were twenty-one to thirty-one inclusive, which meant that a man
who had not yet reached the age of thirty-two years should be drafted.
The War Department had asked for ages eighteen to twenty-eight.

Within a year the larger range of ages was seen to be right, and
the draft ages became from eighteen to fortv-five, partly in order to
deal more efifectively with the labor needs of essential industries. But
in order to assure supply of educated young men as officers and for
technical work the younger ages were assisted to go to college rather
than sent immediately into the field.

The selective draft law was pronounced constitutional by the United
States Supreme Court, its operation worked out by the War Depart-
ment, its interpretation given to the press, and the work of the new
army-making machinery was begun.

The Work of Crowder

The directing head of the draft system was Provost Marshal Crow-
der, whose efficient methods of applying the selective draft and explain-
ing its many angles and various provisions won the admiration of the
entire nation and its allies.

Provost Marshal General Crowder was ofifered as a reward for his
achievement immediate promotion to lieutenant general but modestly
refused it on the grounds that he did not deserve more than many
others who had made the American war machine possible.

Draft boards were appointed throughout the country, composed of
business and professional men ; the nation was divided into small dis-
tricts; registrars were appointed for each district, who acted without
pay; and the time set for the registration on June 5, 19 17, of the mil-
lions of American men whose ages were twenty-one to thirty-one inclu-
sive. Pro-Hun agitators predicted riot and insurrection. There
was opposition only by isolated cranks ; 9,586,508 men walked quietly
to the appointed places and registered. Buena Vista County regis-
tered 1,932. The following is the list of men who served without pay:

330 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

BuENA Vista County Registrars

E. L. Chindlund, Brooke Frank W. Mack, Storm Lake,

H. L. Steig, Washington Fourth Ward

Robert Gring, Hayes Roy U. Kinne, Storm Lake, Fourth

John C. Bell, Storm Lake, Third Ward

Ward Don G. LaGrange, Storm Lake,

R. A. Jones, Storm Lake, Third Second Ward

Ward T. D. Eilers, Storm Lake, First

L. C. Anderson, Elk Ward

W. L. Clough, Lee H. G. Mittelstadt, Storm Lake,

D. E. Ingram, Lee First Ward

C. L. Sipe, Sioux Rapids J. N. Horlacher, Washington

J. H. Wegerslev, Marathon Oscar Peterson, Maple Valley

Joel E. Johnson, Poland W. L. Holtz, Newell

C. J. Benna, Fairfield L. F. Parker, Newell

C. E. Gulbranson, Albert City James Jensen, Providence ,

H. L. Pierce, Linn Grove A. B. Haeth, Providence

E. O. Loe, Barnes S. B. Crouch, Grant

H. C. Berger, Rembrandt James G. Anderson, Coon

Fred A. Nelson, Rembrandt Ira Angier, Storm Lake Township

G. H. Edwards, Storm Lake C. H. Wegerslev, Alta

Township L. E. Swanson, Alta

A. C. Smith, Storm Lake, Second R. A. Edwards, Scott

Ward R. H. Leonard, Lee

Fred H. Higgins, Grant Louis Morris, Brooke

Robert C. Fulton, Hayes

The registrants had been clerks, farmers, factory workers, miners,
teachers, students, professional men, idle millionaires. But they all
quickly became soldiers. Many of them became heroes on the field of
action, all of them were heroes in the hearts of their own people.

The Procession Overseas

As the camps were completed and enlarged and as the officers' train-
ing camps graduated leaders, more calls were filled by the draft boards
and the National Army grew. Then the War Department began send-
ing vmits to Europe. Some were taken to England for last training,
and others found their last training camps in France. And more men
were called from civil life to the cantonments.

Provost A^Iarshal Crowder, meanwhile, was watching everything
connected with the operation of the selective draft and the making of

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 331

an army. He saw that many hundreds of thousands of youths not
twenty-one years of age wlien tlie law became operative, were reach-
ing their majority, and Congress passed an act bringing such young
men under the jurisdiction of the new law. President Wilson, with
the anniversary idea in mind, issued a proclamation naming June 5,
1918, as the day for such youths to register. This brought 735,834
youngsters into the operation of the selective draft law, a heavy per-
centage of whom easily qualified physically for service.

On August 13, 1918, President Wilson issued a proclamation re-
quiring those who had attained the age of twenty-one since the regis-
tration of June 5th to register on August 24th. On this supplemen-
tary second registration 159,161 young men of age twenty-one were
registered. Buena Vista County registered 196 on June 5th and
August 24th.

The military situation in August was such that it was seen that all
class one men would be called by October ist, and with the general
program of the War Department 2,000,000 men would have to be
called to service by June, 1919, in addition to those called by October
1st. A bill was, therefore, passed by Congress, and signed by the
President on August 31st, to register all male citizens and declarants
between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, both inclusive. The
proclamation was issued for holding the registration on September 12,
1918. *The total registration was 12,966,594. Buena Vista County
registered a total of 4,377.

The total number of men in the army, navy, and marine corps was
4,178,172, of which 2,810,296 men were inducted through the selective
service.

Local Board for Buena Vista County

Under the act of Congress of May 18, 1917, every sheriff and
county clerk (in Iowa the county auditor) was appointed as a member
of county registration boards, and asked and expected to serve without
compensation, which this board did. In the latter part of June, 191 7,
the registration board was discharged as their work was finished, and
immediately thereafter the President appointed the same county offi-
cers to constitute local exemption boards. The registration board
and the first exemption board of this county was made up of Dr. J. H.

332 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

O'Donoghue, medical member, Auditor W. W. Bennett, and Sheriff
B. F. Skeels, who acted as secretary. In the latter part of July, after
Dr. O'Donoghue had enlisted in the medical division of the army. Dr.
F. C. Foley of Newell was appointed by Governor W. L. Harding as
the medical member of the board, and with the above named county
officers served until the close of the war. In addition to these, Dr.
J. W. Morrison of Alta, Dr. J. A. Swallum, Dr. E. D. Banghart, and
Dr. R. V. Graves, all of Storm Lake, and Dr. M. N. Armstrong of
Newell, were appointed by the governor as assistant examining phy-
sicians of the board, though they did not have the standing as regularly
constituted members. Clerks who assisted with the work of the board
were Miss Ida Eckert of Storm Lake, Mrs. Edwin Hoch of Storm
Lake, Charles Rawlins of Storm Lake, and Carl Larson, a limited
service man from Red Oak, Iowa.

Provost Marshal's Re;port

A resume of the duties and problems of the local boards is covered
in the following quotations from the report of Provost INIarshal Crow-
der.

The duty of the local board was to mobilize the selectives as directed.
But in this concise statement is comprised the entire gamut of a hun-
dred complex processes. Except for the initial registration of June
5, 191 7, the local boards had charge of every one of the steps in the
transit from home to camp.

The registration was the first main stage of the process. Then
came the determination of order and serial numbers. The classifica-
tion was the next and largest stage. And finally came the call and the
entraiiiment. But each of these parts became itself a center for many
minor processes, and each of these in turn for others. Moreover, each
individual case had its own variety or peculiarity, and led to special
inquiries and deliberations. Add to this, that records must be accu-
rately kept of each act done in every part of every registrant's case.
And, besides the attention necessary for merely reaching an official
decision, there was added the time and labor demanded in almost every
case for a cluster of tentative and informal inquiries appurtenant to
matters coming before the board. The regulations composed a thick

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 333

volume, numbering 250 sections and 433 pages, with more than 100
important forms ; and these must be mastered for daily and instant use.

In short, the duties of the local boards, even when considered merely
in the dry enumeration of their several details, constituted a complete
and intricate administrative system. It would be idle here to set
them forth in detail ; suffice it to say that there is scarcely a page in the
entire volume of regulations which does not contain a half dozen times,
in endless variety, that most familiar phrase of duty, "The local board
shall proceed" to do this or that.

The annals of every board, no doubt, here run much the same. But
the following letter to a state adjutant general, with its frank but
good-humored repartee and its revelation of dogged perseverance un-
der a hopeless overload, may be taken as typical of the cheerful and
manly American spirit which helped the boards to carry their heavy
duties; the letter -was written in response to a request for an immediate
report of progress due to be made in the classification of registrants of
September 12, igiS:

Sir: Because this board and its meager stafif is so busy
Counseling registrants —
Reconciling mothers —

Patiently answering dozens of inquiries bv mail, telephone, and tele-
graph—

Issuing permits for passports —

Writing to transfer boards and telling them what to do with Form
200S-A —

Making out induction papers for S. A. T. C. registrants

Copying our 4,439 registration cards —

Writing up cover sheets —

Hunting up questionnaires without order numbers in order to ap-
pend additional late arrival affidavits of the X. Y. Z. Co. for deferred
industrial classification in Class II of aliens (who are sure to be in
Class V) —

Preparing routings and transportation requests for individual
inductants under competent orders, who are to be entrained for Kelly
Field, San Antonio, Texas, or Carlstrom Field, Arcadia, Florida —

Counseling the poor innocents as to how manv "suits of underwear
shall I take?" —

Advising them firmly though with kindness what while requests for
tourist sleeping-car accommodations will be issued to them, our experi-

334 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ence is that there will be no tourist cars available, and that they will
sleep on the floor —

Preparing seven meal tickets, three copies for each man —

Issuing new registration cards and new final classification cards to
men who have "had their pocketbooks stolen" (?) and are afraid of
being rounded up —

Issuing certificates of immunity to 46-year old men who present
proofs of birth date so that they won't be rounded up —

Advising colored ladies (to their manifest satisfaction) as to pros-
pective Government allotments and allowances to come from their
casual spouses when in the service —

Telling anxious Y. M. C. A. recruits how they can apply to have
their cases reopened and claims for occupational exemption consid-
ered—

Advising by mail the assistant district attorney of county, who

desire to prosecute a registrant for not supporting a wife — -

Trying to keep several thousand questionnaires and registration
cards, minus order numbers as yet, out of irremediable chaos due to
lack of filing cabinets or other facilities —

Reconciling our hardworking limited service man to writing up his
"daily morning reports" on a form adajited for a full company of men,
including mules —

Conducting voluminous correspondence with perturbed mustering-
in officers at distant cantonments about registrants who have been
picked up without Form 1007 in their possession and shot into camp
without proper induction papers in order that some yap deputy sheriff
can get the $50 reward because he needed the money —

Futilely registering ex-soldiers and sailors discharged for physical
disability —

Getting into a corner occasionally and going crazy trying to study
out an abstruse legal problem from an interesting 433 page textbook
called Selective Service Regulations, second edition, Form 99- A —

Classifying questionnaires —

Engaging, for physical examinations of several hundred men, doc-
tors who are already bereft of their wits on account of the Spanish
influenza —

Preparing dozens and dozens and dozens of Form 1 010 for these ex-
aminations, three copies of each —

Postponing the examinations after all, because the doctors simply
can't come, and redating all the Forms loio —

Doing dozens more things daily and nightly and Sundays and holi-
days, of which the foregoing are mere samples —

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 335

Because, I say, the board and its meager staff are so busy with a
number of such matters, I beg to report —

That, though probably about half the questionnaires of the "First
series, registrants of September, lyiS," have been classified, we haven't
time or inclination or energy to count them, even approximately ; about
half the physical examinations have been concluded, and on Sunday
we are going to try to catch up with our correspondence, if the master
list doesn't come, which we presume it will, however, in which event,
we hope to have four volunteer typists pound out five copies of Form
102 (the churches are all closed, so it won't matter) — and, anyhow,
we lost the "Progress chart" the very day it arrived, and it is our
opinion, if we may be permitted the liberty to express it, that what the
Government wants (or ought to want in the present urgency) is men,
not classifications, and we firmly believe that the boys on the firing
line in France don't care a whoop in hades how many registrants
Local Board No. 3 of Union County classifies in Class V or in Class
IV, Division A, so we called out every man who made no claim or who
waived all claims, or who had a manifestly insufficient claim, classified
him at once, and called him for physical examination ; if it were not
for the blessed epidemic, we should be ready to report practically full
completion of physical examinations now ; but we shall be in any event,
with a week, even if we explode in the attempt and incapacitate for
all time the few remaining distraught doctors that are still available
to cajolery and patriotic urging; in the meantime, we shall classify
now and then, when we can, an alien or two, to swell our general list
of classifications.

The fact is, we have been wanting to write this letter since we were
appointed in May, 191 7, so excuse it please. Furthermore — and we
say this in no mood of rancor or in undue pride of spirit — we don't
care if you do send it to the Provost Marshal General. In fact, we
wish you would. No more benevolent attention could accrue to mem-
bers of local boards than the gently joys of court-martial and cool
retirement somewhere in nice quiet cells, fed and cared for, during the
period of the balance of the Emergency.

And further deponent sayeth not (because his wife has just tele-
phoned as to why the deuce he doesn't come home, he'll surely be sick),
and will now quench the midnight shining bulb, and go, and try to get
around early in the morning and endeavor to find that lost "Progress
chart" (drat it).

But it is idle to attempt to put into words here the full story of what
the local boards achieved. Every military man must recognize what

336 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

they did for the nation's army ; and every civilian must recognize what
they did for the nation's Hberty and welfare. And every American
is proud of them. Whatever of credit is accorded to other agencies
of the selective service law, the local boards must be deemed the corner-
stone of the system.

Government Appeal Agents

Local and district boards had exclusive authority to pass upon ques-
tions vitally affecting the interests of the individual and the Govern-
ment. But there is fallibility in all bodies exercising judicial func-
tions ; and it was early foreseen that, whatever the character and abihty
of the personnel of such boards, errors of judgment would undoubted-
ly creep in. These occurrences, unless an ample opportunity was given
to correct them, would tend to raise doubt in the mind of the American
public as to the fairness of the execution of the law relied upon to pro-
duce our armies. Provision was therefore made at the outset by which
individuals were given adequate means, in cases affecting their inter-
est, to make their appeal from the boards of original jurisdiction to
appellate tribunals. But it would have been manifestly unwise to
provide such safeguards for individuals and yet to neglect to make
similar provisions for the full protection of the interest of the Govern-
ment.

In the majority of instances, county and city attorneys were ap-
pointed to perform these duties. The Government appeal agent ap-
pointed for Buena Vista County was Guy E. Mack, county attorney.

Under the selective service regulations effective December 15, 191 7,
the governors of the various states were authorized to designate for
each local board one or more persons to take appeals for and on behalf
of the United States.

Their duties, however, were so enlarged that they were now re-
quired to appeal, from deferred classifications by a local board, rulings
which in the opinion of the appeal agent were erroneous; to care for
the interests of ignorant registrants; to inform them of their rights,
where the decision of the local board was against the interests of such
persons, or where it appeared that such persons would not take appeals,
due to their nonculpable ignorance, and to assist them to enter appeals

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 337

to the district board ; to investigate and report upon matters submitted
for such purpose by local or district boards ; to suggest a reopening of
any case where the interests of justice might require ; to impart to the
local board any information which in the opinion of the appeal agent
ought to be investigated; to furnish suggestions and information to
the district boards; to instruct local boards to take additional proof;
to receive information from interested persons afifecting any case under
the jurisdiction of the boards where such interested persons did not
desire to make a personal disclosure to the boards ; and to prepare
appeals in any cases, whether by the registrant or by the Government,
where he considered appeals to be to the interest of the Government.
In these various capacities the Government appeal agent was author-
ized to administer oaths; and, in fact, a large proportion of the time
of the appeal agents was taken up in assisting with the probate of
questionnaires. /

We quote from provost marshal general's report :

The outstanding fact that this duty was performed uncomplainingly
and without any compensation whatever, places them in the enviable
position of the patriot who is unrewarded, save in the consciousness of
duty well performed, and in the knowledge that both the Government
and the people composing it proudly acknowledge a debt which can
not be liquidated.

Legal Advisory Board

The legal adage that "Ignorance of the law is no excuse" could not,
as a practical proposition, be applied to the administration of the selec-
tive service law. After a very few months of the draft it was recog-
nized that a law which applied alike to the literate and illiterate, and
the success of which depended upon the prompt compliance of regis-
trants, could be successfully enforced only by careful instruction of the
people as to its requirements and by assisting them in meeting those
requirements.

Some ready and competent means of bringing the selective service
system to registrants of every description and of assisting them in dis-
charging the duties imposed by the draft, were obviously necessary.
The selective service law and regulations contained many technical
requirements which people not versed in legal matters might find con-
fusing. In searching the field for an agency which might meet the

338 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

situation, the legal profession was naturally resorted to as the institu-
tion best fitted for the service.

The fullest success of the plan for availing the selective service
system of the services of attorneys, and of other citizens in a position
to assist registrants, could be attained only by the utilization of the
maximum number of attorneys. It was, however, realized that greater
efficiency would be had by constituting small committees. These could
be held to strict accountability. For the assistance of those commit-
tees, as many other attorneys and other public spirited citizens as
possible would be associated. Pursuant to this plan, there was con-
stituted for each local board a legal advisory board, composed of three
reputable attorneys, whose duties were to see that there should always
be a competent force of lawyers or laymen available to registrants at
any time during which the local or district boards within such district
were open for business. To legal advisory boards fell the task of
mobilizing assistant advisers for their districts and of distributing as
evenly as possible the work to be exacted of them. These latter ad-
visers were called associated legal advisers.

Legal advisory members were constantly consulted with reference to
legislation cognate to the selective service act. Particularly was this
so in the case of the soldiers' and sailors' civil rights act and the war
risk insurance act.

The task of legal advisers lasted for the duration of the war. When
it became apparent that Class I w^as not as large as had been reckoned
upon, and that a general rectification was necessary, legal advisory
board members were asked in May of 1918 to cooperate with local
boards in accomplishing that reclassification. With this request there
was a most hearty compHance. Again, in September, 191 8, the new
registration laid upon the selective service officials a task equivalent
to all that they had previously accomplished, and legal advisory boards
were again called upon to help meet the situation. Willingly and
promptly they reconvened, and placed themselves at the disposal of the
new registrants, as they had done with respect to the old.

Provost Marshal Crowder says :

There is no brighter chapter in the history of the draft than that of
the services rendered by the lawyers of the country. Legal advisers

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 339

richly deserve the credit for upholding the tradition of American fair-
ness in the administration of her laws. Not only did the expert advice
accorded by the lawyers of the country contribute toward the expedi-
tious creation of an army; but the impression of equity engendered
.by their services was of inestimable value in developmg and in main-
taining a healthy morale in the body politic. On the honor list of the
war must be numbered the thousands of lawyers and other public-
spirited citizens who, without emolument and without the glory of the
battlefield, served their country by supporting and aiding in the admin-
istration of the most drastic legislation of the last half century.

LegaIv Advisory Board

James DeLand, Chairman
A. L. Whitney A. D. Bailie

Associate Legal Advisers

STORM lake NEWELL

W. C. Edson Geo. W. Chaney

Guy E. Mack L. F. Parker

J. E. Buland Ab Foster

Roy Kinne rEmbrandt

T. H. Chapman H. H. Covey

SIOUX rapids H. C. Berger
C. L. Sipe truesdale

T. M. Murdock H. H. Lang

LINN GROVE G. F. Thompson
E. O. Loe ALTA

H. L. Pierce C. H. Wegerslev

j=>^

MARATHON A. R. Browne

J. H. Wegerslev G. F. Tincknell

E. B. Wells GRANT TOWNSHIP

ALBERT CITY Rev. F. Albrecht

A. L. Bergling
C. E. Gulbranson

BuENA Vista County Instruction Board for Drafted Men

A. E. Harrison, Chairman
C. E. Akers, Storm Lake R. R. Morrow, Sioux Rapids

S. G. Reinertsen, Alta D. M. Bateson, Linn Grove

C. B. Whitehead. Albert City H. H. Linton, Newell

The purpose of this board was to meet drafted men two to four

340 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

times before they left for service. Instruction was given in the causes
of M^ar, why America entered the war and why America must win the
war. The necessary character of the American soldier was taken up
in detail with information concerning the duties of a soldier upon
entering camp. Complete information was given concerning the work
of the United War Work Organizations and the services they ren-
dered and the assistance given by the American Red Cross.

War risk insurance, compensation, and allotments and allowances
were explained and advice was given concerning the securing of these.

Points and suggestions were given about keeping well and in keep-
ing the body clean and free from venereal diseases.

Instruction was also given in military courtesies.

This board was organized June 15, 1918. Instruction was given
to 600 men, in twelve different meetings. A lange number of the men
were met two times and some more than two times.

The work of this board was being fully developed at the time of
the signing of the armistice and the work was disbanded November
15, 1918.

Provost Marshal Crowder, in his report, says:

The value of this work in fitting them to become good soldiers more
rapidly is shown by the numerous reports from the boards of instruc-
tion, relating with satisfaction that a large number of their men who
had taken this training were made noncommissioned officers within a
short time after arrival at camp.

Had the war continued, and had the new registrants of ages eigh-
teen to forty-five been called into the military service, there can be no
doubt that the work of the boards- of instruction would have been a
most effective means of improving the pre-induction morale of the
selectives, and thus of making more effective the organized army.

Transporting the Army
After the entrance of the United States into the war, missions of a
diplomatic and military character from the great belligerent countries
at war with Germany visited the United States. Upon each of them
men of military distinction and soldiers of prominence came to bring
us the benefit of the experience of their respective armies in the war.
As a result of the exchanges of views which took place between the
military missions to the United States and our own Government, it

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 341

was determined to begin at once the dispatch of an expeditionary force
of the American army to France. General John J. Pershing was
selected as commander in chief and with his staff departed for France,
to be followed shortly by a full division.

Immediately thereafter there was formed the so-called Rainbow
Division, made up of National Guard units of many states. The pur-
pose of its organization was to distribute the honor of early partici-
pation in the war over a wide area. The marines, with their fine
traditions and honorable history, were likewise recognized, and regi-
ments of marines were added to the first forces dispatched. These
were all safely transported and enabled to traverse without loss the
so-called danger zone infested by the stealthy and destructive subma-
rine of the enemy. The organization and dispatch of the expedition-
ary force required the preparation of an elaborate transport system,
involving not only the procurement of ships and their refitting for
service as troop and cargo transports, but also extensive organizations
of terminal facilities both in this country and France ; and in order to
surround the expeditonary force with every safeguard, a large surplus
of supplies of every kind were immediately placed at their disposal in
France. Our activities in this regard resulted in the transporting
of an army to France fully equipped, with adequate reserves of equip-
ment and subsistence, and with those large quantities of transportation
appliances, motor vehicles, railroad construction supplies, and animals,
all of which were necessary for the maintenance and effective opera-
tions of the force.

The act authorizing the temporary increase of the military estab-
lishment empowered the department to create special organizations
of technical troops. Under this provision railroad and stevedore regi-
ments were formed, and special organizations of repair men and
mechanics to render service back of the French and English lines in
anticipation of and training for their later service with the American
army. By this means, the United States had already rendered service
of great value to the common cause, these technical troops having
actually carried on opei"ations for which they were designed in effec-
tive cooperation with the British and French armies behind hotly con-
tested battle fronts.

342 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Railroading in France

The following is by William F. Bryant and Arthur J. Johnson of
the Thirteenth Railway Engineers. These men were together through-
out the entire period of their enlistment.

We landed in France on August 17, 191 7, and immediately were
sent to Chalons where we spent about six weeks learning to operate
French trains. The French trains were not very much like our Amer-
ican trains, the average size of their engines runs smaller than ours
and their freight cars are very much smaller, and I am sure that any
men of the A. E. F. will remember them well as they probably have
all had a ride as passengers on them. Nearly all the cars have a sign,
"Eight Horses or Forty Men" as their capacity.

From Chalons we went to Fleury-sur-Aire, which is located about
five miles from the front lines. This town was the headquarters of
the Thirteenth Railway Engineers. There were about 1,200 men in
our regiment. These men represented all the various lines of work
required to operate a system of railroads : such as conductors, brake-
men, engineers, firemen, operators, dispatchers, trackmen, repair men,
etc., and our officers acted in the same capacity as superintendents,
trainmasters, road supervisors, and other executive positions as
handled in this country.

The average train crew consisted of an engineer, a fireman, a con-
ductor, and three brakemen. These crews usually had a regular "run"
between certain terminals or towns, such as between Sommeille and
Verdun. This was a distance of about sixty kilometers. The loads
carried on this train varied from troops to ammunition and supplies of
all kinds. The trains had to stop at all stations intervening between
these points to have their orders signed by the operator at each station.
The round trip on this "run," for instance, might take from twelve
to seventy hours, according to the difficulties they might meet with
enroute. The possibility of delay ranged from having the track dam-
aged by enemy shellfire or aerial bombs to the train being hit by enemy
shellfire or aerial bombardment or on account of gas attack.

The ammunition and supplies carried would be unloaded at the
terminal or at the point nearest to the front lines to which the train
could be taken. The unloading was done by a special detail of soldiers
located at these points.

Embarkation Service
In the nineteen months elapsing from the declaration of war to the
signing of the armistice, the army created an embarkation service

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 343

which succeeded in shipping overseas 2,075,834 men and 5, 153,000 tons
of cargo. Even these figures do not adequately express the extraor-
dinary nature of the achievement. As time was required for the drafting
and training of men and for organizing the production of suppHes,
most of the stupendous movement occurred in the last half of our active
participation in the war. In the final ten months, from January i,
1918, to the signing of the armistice, the army embarked 1,880,339
men and shipped 4,660,000 tons of cargo. Nothing to compare with the
movement, of this tremendous number of men and tons of supplies
across the Atlantic Ocean is known in the military history of the world.

Organization of the; Embarkation Service
At the start of the war the quartermaster's department was main-
taining a small steamer service to Panama, in addition to the transport
service from the Pacific Coast to the Philippines ; and the transporta-
tion of troops and supplies for the expeditionary force was given over
to this department. Two primary ports of embarkation were estab-
lished, one with headquarters at Hoboken, New Jersey, and the other
at Newport News, Virginia, and each was placed under the command
of a general officer. A number of American steamers were chartered
as transports and the North German Lloyd and Hamburg-American
piers at Hoboken were taken over. In February, 19 18, as the move-
ment of troops and supplies continued to increase in volume, and the
diversity and complexity of the problems of securing and loading
suitable ships became greater, the shipping control committee was
created and charged with responsibility for the allocation and distribu-
tion of available ships and for the exchange of tonnage with the Allies,
with the loading and unloading of cargo in United States ports, coal-
ing, supplies, repairs, and inspection and manning of vessels except
those commanded by the navy. It also has had charge of the manage-
ment and operation of docks, piers, slips, and the loading and dis-
charging facilities connected therewith.

Port Developments
New York and Newport News remained the principal ports of em-
barkation, half the cargo and over four-fifths of the troops being
shipped from the former and a fourth of the cargo from the latter.

344 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The two other principal ports used were Baltimore and Philadelphia,
while smaller shipments were made from New Orleans, Charleston,
Jacksonville, and Boston.

The army shipped cargo through the port of New York during the
fall of 1918 at the rate of 400,000 tons a month, and did this with an
average detention in port for the large army cargo transports of only
fifteen days. To care for the troop movement through New York
tw^o camps of embarkation were established — Camp Merritt, com-
pleted in the fall of 191 7 at Tenafly, New Jersey, and Camp Mills, on
Long Island, put in service in September, 191 7. Each of these camps
had a capacity of 40,000 men. Space for 20,000 was later provided
at Camp Upton on Long Island. During the fall of 1918 the port of
Newport News was developed to a point such that cargo to the extent
of 1 50,000 tons a month and animals to the number of 20,000 a month
were shipped through it. At Baltimore and Philadelphia, during the
fall of 1918, each of these ports handled 80,000 tons of freight a month.

Troop Movement

Movement of troops overseas began, at the earnest solicitation of
our co-belligerents, very soon after our entrance into the war. May,
our first month in the war, saw the dispatch abroad of selected per-
sonnel to the number of 1,718. In June 12,261 troops and 2,798
marines were embarked. By the end of the year, as the former Ger-
man liners came into service, embarkation increased to a rate of 50,000
a month. By the end of December 187,916 troops and 7,579 marines
had been embarked.

At this point negotiations were entered into with the British Gov-
ernment by which three of its big fast liners and four smaller troop
ships were definitely assigned to the service of our army. In March
the movement jumped to 83,782 troops and 1,081 marines. It was in
this month that the great German spring drive took place in Picardy,
with a success that threatened to result in a German victory. Every
ship that could be secured was pressed into service, and the aid fur-
nished by the British was greatly increased. It was then that the trans-
port miracle took place. In April 117,205 troops and 1,432 marines
were embarked; in May 244,344 troops and 1,606 marines; and in

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 345

June the numbers were 277,973 and 'jyy. Before the. first of July
1,000,000 men had been embarked.

The July record exceeded all expectations, the number of troops
embarked being 306,185, and before the end of October the second
million men had sailed from our shores. During the three months,
June, July, and August, 875,753 men were embarked. When the
armistice was signed the total embarkations amounted to 2,045,169
troops and 30,665 marines.

No troop movement such as that of the summer of 1918 had ever
been contemplated, and no other movement of any such number of
people by water such a distance and in such a time has ever occurred.
The performance stands unique in the world's history. Furthermore,
this performance wrought a decisive efifect upon the world's history at
one of its great critical junctures.

Credit for this movement must be shared with the Allies, and with
the British in particular, since approximately half of the troops were
carried in their ships. At the same time it must be recognized that
under the pressure of the critical situation on the western front ways
were found to increase the loading of our own transports by as much
as fifty per cent, and that our transports exceeded those of the Allies
both in the extent to which they were loaded and in the speed of their
turn-around. Too high praise cannot be given our navy, which armed,
manned, and convoyed the troopships, for its efficient cooperation.

Sleeping on Wave Washed Decks
Written by Private Eskil M. Westlin.

It didn't require a tonsorial artist to get us in shape to go overseas.
xA.t Camp Merritt we spent most of a night waiting for our turn at the
clippers, where the operators took turns at manipulating the tool and
at turning the handle for power.

Orders to march to dock arrived at 2 a.m. It was a long, hard march
and in spite of threats of court martial some of the men fell out along
the way, to be picked up by trucks which would come after.. Though
tired and hungry we boarded the ferry boat about 6:30 without any
breakfast and did not have anything to eat until the Red Cross served
us just before going onto the transport at 11:30. Their coffee and
sandwiches tasted wonderfully good. When, because of crowded con-
dition on the Plattsburg, we were assigned to quarters on deck we felt

346 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

that"we were pretty lucky, but we changed our minds about mid-ocean.
We were struck by a storm which lasted three days. The first night
a buddie and myself were laying on deck when it was impossible to
sleep for the roar of the water. Finally the old ship stuck her nose
under a big wave, the water from which washed down with terrific
force and speed, and though we got to our feet our equipment was
soaking wet. The next night, while lying in about the same position,
with slickers on and wearing life preservers for pillows, sleep out of
the question, we were again swept by a wave which soaked us through
and through. We then went below to lie down in water soaked cloth-
ing in the corridors between state rooms, and from sheer exhaustion
slept well even if the crew did walk over us all night. Next morning
it was so rough the stewards could not serve any breakfast; it was
almost impossible to get the chow from the kitchen to the mess hall.
They did manage to get up a couple of barrels of apples, which were all
we had to eat until supper time. Two meals a day was the schedule
on ship board.

We were denied the consolation of tobacco, for we had not been
permitted to go to the canteen before sailing, and it was difficult to get
it on deck. The ship's store seemed to be for the accommodation of
crew and officers only. A requisition made by our supply sergeant
was filled just a short time before we landed. After our experience on
deck we found it agreeable to be assigned to quarters below the water
line, though it was hot there. A few days before we landed, and when
reaching the danger zone, the convoy was met by sub-chasers, which
bobbed about in the rough waters so much that their masts were just
discernible above the waves. In the night our convoy was split up,
some going to England and some to Brest, France. The rest camp
to which we went was in a low place and was surrounded by a fence
built of earth. Though our company had never seen a pup tent pitched
we were ordered to pitch ours when it began to rain, and we got them
together in irregular shape. Half a cup of cofifee, a small slice of
bread, and a slice of bacon constituted our breakfast the next morning
while preparations were being made for more complete cooking. Some
of us who were detailed to handle baggage at the docks slept one night
in the big shed, and the next morning staggered around as badly as
though we were still on deck.

Cargo Movement

Altogether from our entrance into the war until the signing of the
armistice the army shipped from this side of the Atlantic 5,153,000

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 347

tons of cargo. Unlike the case with regard to the troop movement,
this cargo was carried ahiiost entirely in American bottoms, and less
than five per cent was lifted by foreign ships. Of all the cargo shipped,
only 79,000 tons were lost at sea.

Included in the cargo shipment were 1,145 consolidation locomo-
tives of the 100-ton type. Of, these 350 were shipped set up on their
own wheels so that they could be unloaded onto the tracks in France
and run ofif in a few hours under their own steam. Shipment of set-up
locomotives of this size had never been made before. Special ships
with large hatches were withdrawn from the Cuban ore trade for the
purpose, and the hatches of other ships were especially lengthened, so
that when the armistice was signed the army was prepared to ship
these set-up locomotives at the rate of 200 a month.

The army also shipped 17,000 standard-gauge freight cars, and at
the termination of hostilities were preparing to ship flat cars set up and
ready to run. Motor trucks to the number of 34,433 went forward,
and when fighting ceased were being shipped at the rate of 10,000 a
month. Rails and fittings for the reenforcing of French railways and
for the construction of our own lines of communication aggregated
423,000 tons. In addition to the tons of cargo mentioned above the
army shipped 54,000 horses and mules, and at the cessation of hostili-
ties was shipping them at the rate of 20,000 a month. The increase in
the shipment of cargo from the United States was consistently main-
tained from the start of the war, and at its cessation was tmdergoing
marked acceleration. Aside from the cargo shipped across the Atlan-
tic General Pershing imported large amounts from European sources,
the chief item being coal from England. In October he brought into
France by means of his cross-channel fleet a total of 275,000 tons of
coal and other commodities.

Growth of Army Transport Fleet
The task laid upon the army of creating a great transport fleet at a
time when the world was experiencing its most acute tonnage shortage
was a heavy one. At the outbreak of the war a start was made at once
by chartering a few of the American merchant steamers immediately
at hand, and at the end of June there were in service seven troop ships

348 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

with deadweight of 46,000 tons and six cargo ships with deadweight of
48,000 tons. From these small beginnings there was developed a great
trans-Atlantic fleet which on November i, 1918, included thirty-nine
troop ships of 390,198 tons, thirty-eight animal transports of 372,011
tons, four tankers of 31,271 tons, and 228 cargo ships of 1,807,336 tons.
In addition General Pershing had gathered a cross-channel fleet which
numbered 104 vessels and aggregated 311,087 tons. Accordingly the
army had in service on November i, 1918, a fleet of its own amounting
to 431 ships and totalling 3,004,445 deadweight tons. At this time it
also had definitely assigned to it sixteen allied troop ships approximat-
ing 150,000 deadweight tons and 160,000 tons of loaned British cargo
ships. On November 13th, two days after the signing of the armistice,
the army had American shipping either in operation or under definite
allocation totalling 3,800,000 deadweight tons, a fleet over twice as
large as the entire American merchant marine engaged in foreign trade
at the start of the war.

In building up this fleet the first great increment, especially in the
matter of troop transports, was the seized German vessels. These
ships came into service during the fall of 19 17 and accounted for ap-
proximately 460,000 tons. In the spring of 1918 the taking over of the
Dutch steamers gave the army the use of another 300,000 tons. The
chartering of Scandinavian and Japanese tonnage during 1918, which
relieved the whole tonnage position of our country, also was reflected
in the growth of the army fleet. The War Trade Bureau, by drastic
restrictions of non-essential imports made possible the release of large
amounts of shipping from the import trades.

During the whole period of active hostilities the army lost at sea
only 200,000 deadweight tons of transports. Of this total 142,000
tons were sunk by torpedoes. No American troop transport was lost
on its eastward voyage. For this splendid record the navy, which
arranged the convoy system, deserves the highest commendation.

Our troop ship fleet, including the slower vessels, averaged
under forty days for a complete turn-around or cycle. The faster
ships averaged under thirty days. During the summer the Leviathan
transported troops at the rate of over 400 a day, at which rate she
landed the equivalent of a German division in France each month.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 349

Two American ships, the Great Northern and Northern Pacific, have
each made a turn-around in rjineteen days.

French Ports

At the cessation of hostihties the army was using twelve French
ports with a permanent assignment of seventy berths, and was dis-
charging supplies at the rate of 1,000,000 a month, a rate exceeding
that maintained by the British during the period of their operations in
France. The work of the army engineers in building up in a foreign
country, 3,000 miles removed by sea from their base, such a colossal
port service in so short a time must rank among the greatest achieve-
ments of the war.

Situation at the Cessation of Hostilities

When the armistice was signed, the army's shipping position was
strong and was increasing in proportion to the demands of its great
program. Over 3,000,000 deadweight tons of American shipping were
actually in its service and 800,000 more were allocated to enter its
service. Additional tonnage was being delivered to it at the rate of a
half million tons a month. While for the moment its own shipping
was still somewhat behind requirements, a temporary loan of British
tonnage had been arranged for, and the increase in our own ship build-
ing promised the return of this loan before spring and the repayment
of it before the end of the following summer.

At the time hostilities ceased the supply of cargo at ports was ade-
quate, the performances of the transports were at a high point of
efficiency, and the French ports were proving equal to the burdens laid
upon them. With the decreasing submarine menace and the increas-
ing shipbuilding, good reason existed for confidence with respect to the
army's abiHty to carry out the shipping requirements of the great
Eightieth Division program. The whole record of the army shipping
organization was the cooperative efifort of the embarkation service, the
shipping control committee, the French port organization, and the
cooperating branches of the navy, which made possible our efifective
and decisive participation in the war. After the armistice was signed
every ship was withdrawn from the service as soon as it could be

350 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

spared and put back into trades or the carrying of foods for relief work
in Europe.

Hoffman's Stormy Trip

Sam L. Hofifman tells a story of a trip overseas that involves con-
flicting orders, a fight against the influenza which grew rampant among
the men, fear of a court-martial, and the loss of men overboard because
their hob-nailed shoes could not hold a footing on deck when high seas
were running.

Hofifman enlisted in the first officers' training camp at Fort Snell-
ing, Minnesota, May 15, 191 7, expecting to be assigned to an engi-
neers' company. He was kept in suspense on this point for a few days,
but was finally placed in the group of his choice. He finished his train-
ing course at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, then went to Camp Cody at
Deming, New Mexico, for nearly a year. With two other members of his
company he was then assigned to take a month's course of study in the
use of the new government rifle, at Camp Perry, Ohio. Upon return to
his regiment at Camp Cody, he was given command of the engineer
group of the Pioneer Infantry and was directed to equip them for over-
seas service. Soon after getting everything assembled he was ordered
to turn everything in. Almost a wreck from working without sleep,
he was subjected three times to the need of drawing and then turning
in the company equipment before final orders were received for sailing
on H. M. S. Celtic, on what Hofifman describes as probably "the most
hellish trip" which a ship ever made :

There were thirteen ships in the convoy, six troop ships, five torpedo
boat destroyers, and two battleship cruisers. The first day out all
hands were kept below decks on account of a submarine which was
chasing us and which had shot a hole in a small vessel that we passed
in coming out of the harbor. It was so hot below decks that our men
nearly suffocated, but the regulations would not permit of opening the
hatches. When orders were finally given to take the men on deck one
hundred or more were discovered to be so sick they could not be moved.
Fears that they were sea sick were removed the following day when the
condition of the men was diagnosed as the influenza. Then began one
of the most terrible experiences I had during the war !

I did what I could, with the assistance of a second lieutenant who
was soon after taken ill. The accommodations for twelve men in the
ship's hospital were soon filled, and after some delay officers located a

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 351

place for a hospital that lacked in many ways of meeting the standards
generally required for a hospital. Here fifty men were carried, nearly
all on the verge of pneumonia. You can well imagine what the sani-
tary conditions of this place were within a few days ! Because I tried
to care for ten of the men in their bunks instead of sending them to
this poor infirmary I was threatened with court martial by the chief
medical officer, but was spared by the kindness of the colonel of our
regiment. However, the men were all sent below, and the next morn-
ing the first one of mine died. We buried twenty-two of them at sea,
and left more than thirty at the hospital in Liverpool, where five died.
One man was lost at sea on account of an inspection ordered to be
held during rough weather while passing through the English Channel.
The men, ordered on deck with full packs, were just as helpless on the
steel decks with hob-nailed shoes on as if they had been wearing roller
skates. When an unusually large sea hit us on one side and the ship
heeled over on the other, five of the boys went skating down the deck
like a shot, struck the section of rail that is taken out when baggage is
being unloaded, carried it with them and went over the side. One of
them went straight to the bottom, two were thrown back against the
side of the ship where they could be rescued, and two were picked up
by one of the destroyers to join the regiment three months later. Al-
though our destination was Glasgow, the day before we were to make
port we ran into a nest of subs and had to turn back. After fourteen
days from New York we landed in Liverpool.

Life in a Rest Camp
A story of the trip to France is not complete without the experiences
of the "rest camps" in England. Hofifman's impressions of them were
not favorable in the light of the fact that they were gained during the
time of a rain which began when he reached England and continued
until he left there eight months later. Hofifman was left with a detail
to unload the baggage from the ship, while the others went to the "rest
camp" at Winchester. The baggage for 5,000 men and officers was
unloaded in about twelve hours. He recounts an incident to show how
accommodating an Englishman can be :

I had tried all afternoon to learn from a young English captain in
charge of transportation when my train would leave. The best he
could tell me was that it would follow another train which was being
loaded. Though we were nearly fagged, twenty-five of us responded
to orders to assist in loading the other train. Imagine our surprise
when coming back to the former location of our own train to find no

352 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

train there. Of course I hailed the dapper young captain for informa-
tion. "My word, old chap, your train has gone and left you," he ex-
plained, without amazement. I was scared for a minute but it did not
seem to bother this Englishman, for he quietly went over to a telephone
on a post, called up some one, and in about twenty minutes here came
my train back. It did not seem to be any trouble to have a train that
was out in the country fifteen or twenty miles stop and come back.

Any man who was over there can tell you what a "rest camp" is.
An Iowa hog-yard in March is a fair comparison. After a week here
we shipped to Manchester by train, then across the Channel to Cher-
bourg, France, and from there marched seven miles to another "rest
camp," where most of the men had the "flu." In the morning we
marched back to Cherbourg, there to embark on a journey destined to
consume three days and nights, which one of our trains could have
covered in five hours. We landed at Mesves hospital center, where
they were trying to finish the hospital for the accommodation of 15,000
sick and wounded, returned from field hospitals, who were being shel-
tered in tents and wooden buildings.

I was assigned the duty of building some narrow gauge railroad and
some wagon roads through this mud-hole. It was a job that some
one else was doing when I left France and it looked about the same as
when we started it. There is no bottom to anything in this country.
Car loads of stone dumped on the roads disappear as though they had
been dumped in a well. We were not detained on this assignment long,
for on the second day we were ordered to report to headquarters of
the Second Army, which took us to the front where we would see the
big show. Enroute we had the first glimpse of war, for Big Bertha,
the long range gun of the Boche, had left her mark in several places.

Incidents of the Soldier's Life
Written by Conrad H. Anderson, private Company D, Three Hun-
dred and Sixteenth Infantry, Seventy-ninth Division :

I do not know if you think it is great or not to be in the army. Few
who are in it do; one feels just like a cog in a machine — no chance to
exercise the free will we are wont to boast of. When ordered out of
Camp Merritt we hiked six miles to the debarkation point on the Hud-
son River. We would have enjoyed the subsequent journey down the
river more if we had not been soaked through by a heavy rain on our
hike. And then, of course, we felt that we had possibly stepped on our
dear American soil for the last time. This was the 29th of August,
five weeks after we left Storm Lake.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 353

One order from our commanding- officer which seemed ridiculous
required us to carry two boxes of hard tack, part of our reserve ration,
in the hfe preservers which we wore all the time. The order was, how-
ever, revoked by the time our hard tack boxes were worn out carrying
them around. There is something majestic about traveling on the
ocean. The afternoon we landed at Brest we marched through the
city. We seemed to read an expression of welcome on the faces of the
old people, while the children were running along with us, peddling
nuts and begging pennies and cigarets. After dark we marched to the
barracks where Napoleon trained his soldiers.

I feel that the officers and non-commissioned officers at this place
deserve special credit for the manly way we were treated. And their
ability to train soldiers far surpassed that of the officers in the States.
Probably one reason for this was that these men felt that they were
closer to the war and the real danger, hence had less of that proud and
haughty spirit and a keener desire to use their energies in the work
which counts in military life.

On Sunday afternoon some of us boys were roaming through a
Catholic cemetery where, among other things, there were caves and
statues representing Calvary and the crucifixion. This was very im-
pressive and to me was the most profitable Sunday I spent in France.
I did not have the opportunity to attend any real religious services
while there.

On Monday night, October 7th, we moved by train to Verdun. The
city was under bombardment that night by the big German guns, so
our arrival was by no means pleasant. We sought refuge behind an
embankment outside the city until daylight. This was the first time
we heard the cannon and saw the flash of fire at the front. Seeing
this at a distance and hearing the thundering of the cannon reminds
one very much of a thunder storm although this really seems to come
from the very depth of Hell, and any one who has ever been at the front
feels that it could not be worse if it really did. After we left the box
cars it was reported that they were hit by a shell and destroyed. On
the 25th of October, we left this place and joined our companies in the
Three Hundred and Sixteenth Infantry.

During the short time I was at the front the woods changed in
appearance very much, due to the destruction of trees and brush by
enemy shells. It is deplorable to see the devastated country over which
the war has raged. As you see small villages with only a wall stand-
ing here and there you think of the family ties broken and their homes
destroyed.

354 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

After being wounded on the 3d of November, I gradually worked
my way to a first-aid station.

From there I went to the next dressing-station, where I was told to
continue and walk as far as I could ; so I did, although it was difficult
to walk on my sore foot. But stretcher bearers were scarce and every
one who was able had to walk. Having walked two or three miles,
and seeing several dead men and horses along the road, I finally got a
ride on the running-board of a crowded ambulance to a field hospital,
where we were served hot cocoa and sandwiches by the Red Cross.
From there I rode on a big army truck about fifteen miles to a hospital,
but as it was crowded the less serious cases were taken on further after
our wounds had been re-dressed. Then I went twenty miles to another
hospital, where I was operated upon at midnight. Then I was taken
to Hospital No. 53, and there had time to reflect upon how fortunate I
was to escape with my life. About Thanksgiving I was removed to a
hospital at Brest. Brest is noted for its almost daily rainfall and the
consequent mud. The nurses had to wear rubber boots going between
the different barracks and wards.

Christmas was not the most pleasant. But one thing which added
some charm to Christmas Eve was the singing of carols by a few nurses
and some men who visited the different wards. The rest of the evening
I had to spend listening to the profanity and impurity of heart of some
wounded soldiers.

I had a feeling of deep gratitude that I had the privilege of returning
to our dear America possessing all my limbs, while I saw many less
fortunate cripples around me, and thought of the many who had made
the supreme sacrifice for the cause of civilization over in France.

The Problem op Purchase

In the spring of 19 17 there were in the United States some 4,000,000
young men who were about to become soldiers, although they little
suspected the fact. Before they entered the army, as well as after they
were in it, these men consumed such ordinary necessities of life as food,
coats, trousers, socks, shoes, and blankets.

These simple facts lead directly to the mistaken conclusion that the
problem of supplying the necessities of life for the soldiers in the army
was the comparatively simple one of diverting into the camps sub-
stantially the same amounts of food and clothing as these young men
would have used in their homes if there had been no war.

These men constituted about one twenty-fifth of the population of the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 355

country and undoubtedly consumed before the war more than one
twenty-fifth of the food and clothing used in the United States. But
after every possible allowance has been made for the requirements of
youth and the wastefulness of war, the figures of army purchases still
present surprising contrasts with those of civilian use in normal times.
The army purchases of blankets in 1918 were two and one-quarter
times as great as the entire American production in 191 4. The rea-
sons for the enormous figures of army purchases are not far to seek.
In the first place, men who went to camp received complete equipment
of new articles, whereas ordinary production in peace time goes
mainly to replace articles that have been worn out. In the second
place, the supplies required for an army increase in proportion to the
distance that separates the army from its home base. In the third
place, the consumption in action is three or four times the peace rate.

The stream of supplies going forward to an army may be likened to
the water delivered against a fire by an old-fashioned bucket brigade.
For every pailful thrown on the fire there must be many that have been
taken from the source of supply and are on the way. As the distance
from the source increases this supply in transit constantly grows.
When an army is 3,000 or 4,000 miles from its sources of supply the
amounts of supplies in reserve and in transit are enormous as compared
with the quantities consumed each month.

The rule generally followed for clothing was that there should be
for each man at the front a three months' reserve in France, another
two or three months' reserve in the United States, and a third three
months' supply continuously in transit. Wool coats, for example, last
about three months in active service. Hence for every coat on a man's
back at the front there had to be a coat in reserve in France, a coat in
transit, and a coat in reserve in the United States.

The same thing was true for other supplies and munitions. The
need for reserves and the time required for transportation called for
the supply of enormous quantities and called for it at once. The immedi-
ate needs for each man sent forward were in fact far in excess of the
later requirements. For munitions difficult to manufacture, such as
artillery and ammunition, the problem presented by this necessity for
reserves and large amounts in transit, in addition to the actual equip-

356 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ment of troops, was almost insuperable. The initial need is so great in
a situation of this character that it can only be met in one of two ways ;
either by having the initial equipment available at the outbreak of war,
or by immediately securing such an enormous productive capacity that
it is larger than is required for maintaining the establishment later.

In supplying food and clothing and other articles which are matters
of common commercial production, the problem was not as difficult as
with ordnance, but the large needs for initial equipment did put an
enormous strain upon the industries concerned. All the more common
garments needed could be made in ordinary commercial factories, but
their quantit)^ was so enormous that at a number of times during the
war it was feared that the demand would run ahead of the supply.
When the troop movement was speeded up in the spring of 191 8 the
margin on woolen clothing was dangerously narrow. To secure these
and other articles in sufficient quantity it was found necessary in many
cases for the army to take control of all stages of the manufacturing
process, from assembling the raw material to inspecting the finished
product. For many months preceding the armistice the War Depart-
ment was owner of all the wool in the country. The British army
had in a similar way some years before taken control of the English
wool supply in order to meet army and navy needs.

Something the same story might be told for about 30,000 kinds of
commercial articles which the army purchased. Purchases included
food, forage, hardware, coal, furniture, wagons, motor trucks, lumber,
locomotives, cars, machinery, medical instruments, hand tools, machine
tools. In one way or another the army at war drew upon almost every
one of the 344 industries recognized by the United States census. In
all of them an enormous production was required. In the cases of some
articles all the difficulties of quantity production were combined with
the problems of making something not before manufactured. Typical
instances are the 5,400,000 gas masks and the 2,728,000 steel helmets
produced before the end of November, 1918.

Machinery of Distribution
For those supplies that are to a certain degree articles of commercial
manufacture, the problem of distribution was fully as difficult as pro-
curement. For production, machinery already in existence could be

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 357

utilized; for distribution, a new organization was necessary. In this
country the problem was not hard for there were ample railway facili-
ties; an abundance of motor transportation could be requisitioned if
necessary; and the troops were near the sources. In France, a com-
plete new organization was necessary whose main duty it was to dis-
tribute munitions and supplies.' It was called the Service of Supplies,
and had its headquarters at Tours. It was an army behind the army.
On the day the armistice was signed, there were reporting to the com-
manding general of the Service of Supply, 386,000 soldiers besides
31,000 German prisoners, and thousands of civilian laborers furnished
by the Allies. At the same time there were in the zone of the armies
160,000 noncombatant troops, the majority of whom were keeping in
operation the lines of distribution of supplies to the troops at the front.
The proportion of noncombatants in the American army never fell
below twenty-eight per cent. In the British army it often ran higher.
Distributing supplies to the American forces in France was in the
first place a problem of ports, second a problem of railroads, third a
problem of motor and horse-drawn transportation, and fourth a prob-
lem of storage. The ports and railroads of France were crowded with
war traffic and fallen into disrepair. American engineers added eigh-
ty-three new berths to the existing ports, together with warehouses
and dock equipment. It was not necessary to build new railroads, for
France already had a railway net denser per square mile than that of
the United States, but it was desirable to increase the carrying capacity
by nearly 1,000 miles of new trackage, and by switching facilities at
crucial points, by new repair shops and round-houses and by new
rolling stock. These things were done by the engineers. The prob-
lems were not wholly solved. There were never wholly adequate rail-
way facilities, but with the help of locomotives and freight cars shipped
from this side freight was carried inland about as fast as it was landed.

Narrow-Gauge Railways and Motor Trucks

Railroads carried American supplies from the ports in France to
intermediate or advance depots, but beyond a certain distance the stan-
dard-gauge railroad did not go, as for instance where the danger of
shelling began or where the needs changed rapidly as the battle activity

358 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

shifted. Then came the narrow-gauge railroad, with rails about two
feet apart. American engineers built 538 miles of these roads, for
which 406 narrow-gauge locomotives and 2,385 narrow-gauge cars
were shipped from this country.

Beyond the range of the narrow-gauge railway came the motor truck.
The truck could go over roads that were under shell fire. It could
retire with the army or push forward with advancing troops. Trucks
were used on a larger scale in this war than was ever before thought
possible. The American infantry division on the march with the
trucks, wagons, and ambulances of its supply, ammunition, ' and
sanitary trains stretched for a distance of thirty miles along the road.
The need for trucks increased as trench warfare gave place to a war
of movement. The number of trucks sent overseas prior to the armis-
tice was 40,000 and of these 33,000 had been received in France. They
ranged in size from three-quarters of a ton to five tons.

Beyond the range of the motor truck the horse and wagon were the
means of supply distribution. The shipment of animals overseas was
discontinued early in 1918 on the information that horses could be
purchased overseas. Then in the fall when every ton of shipping was
precious, the supply of foreign horses proved inadequate and twenty-
three of the best of the army's cargo vessels had to be converted to
animal transports. About 500 horses and mules were embarked in
September and 17,000 in October. The shipments could not, however,
be started soon enough to prevent a shortage. A horse uses as much
ship space as ten tons of cargo. In general, it may be said that the
army overseas never had enough means of transportation. It may
also be said that they had very large quantities and that they produced
remarkable results with the supply they had.

Forty-Seven Thousand Telegrams a Day

In order to operate the transportation of supplies in France, a new
system of communication had to be set up. so the signal corps strung
its wires over nearly every part of France. Miles upon miles of tele-
graph lines were wholly constructed by Americans of wires strung on
French poles. Others were leased from the French or taken over from
the Germans. At the time of the signing of the armistice the signal

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 359

corps was operating 282 telephone exchanges and 133 complete tele-
graph stations. The telephone lines numbered 14,956, reaching 8,958
stations. More than 100,000 miles of wire had been strung. The
peak load of operation reached was 47,555 telegrams a day, averaging
sixty words each.

Construction in the United States

To build factories and storage warehouses for supplies, as well as
housing for troops, 200,000 workmen in the United States were kept
continuously occupied for the period of the war. The force of workers
on this single activity was larger than the total strength of both south-
ern and northern armies in the battle of Gettysburg. The types of con-
struction included cement piers and warehouses, equipment for proving
grounds, plants for making powder and explosives, repair shops, power
plants, roads, and housing for troops. Building was required in every
state in the Union. The region of greatest activity was the northeast,
at once the most densely populated section and the center of munitions
production.

Housing constructed had a capacity of 1,800,000 men, or more
than the entire population of Philadelphia. The operations of the
construction division constituted what was probably the largest con-
tracting business ever handled in one office.

The total expenditures in this enterprise to November 11, 1918,
were, in round numbers, $800,000,000, or about twice the cost of the
Panama Canal. The largest single item is the cost of National Army
cantonments which was nearly one-quarter of the total. Ordnance
department projects, including the building of enormous powder, high-
explosive, and loading plants, come second. The costs of construc-
tion were probably higher than they would have been for slower work.
The outstanding feature of the accomplishment was its rapidity. Each
of the cantonments was completed in substantially ninety days. It
was this speed that made it possible to get the draft army under train-
ing before the winter of 191 7 set in and made it available just in time
for the critical action of the summer of 1918.

36o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Construction in the A. E. F.
The conduct of the war in France necessitated a construction pro-
gram comparable in magnitude and number of projects with that in
the United States. Less new building was required for shelter and
for the manufacture of munitions, but more for the development of
port and railroad facilities and for the repair and operation of the
complicated equipment of a modern army. The storage space con-
structed in France was more than nine-tenths as large as the amount
built at home. Hospital capacity constructed in France was twice
the new capacity at home. The labor force consisted largely of Amer-
ican soldiers and German prisoners, although French and English
civilians and Chinese coolies were used wherever available. To econ-
omize, tonnage materials were obtained in Europe as far as possible,
sometimes at high prices. The engineer corps ran its own quarries
and its own logging camps and sawmills. Only such materials as
could not be obtained abroad — chiefly machinery and steel products
— were purchased in the United States.

Immense Building Project in France
America heard much of the large buildings and increased trackage
facilities which it was necessary to build in France to provide storage
and transportation to meet the vast needs of the ever-increasing army
as it was being assembled. A Buena Vista County man had part in
this big task and the part in which he was engaged gives a compre-
hensive idea of the character of the work that the army engineers did
overseas. His notes begin at the early stages of his training experi-
ence. Excerpts follow from private notes of Captain J. F. Reynolds
of Storm Lake, Company A, Five Hundred and Fourth Engineers :

After the preliminaries of training I reported at Camp Devens Sep-
tember 6, 1 91 7, was assigned to the recruit company, under Captain
D. G. Hatmaker, and spent most of my time drilling the new men who
were arriving daily. On the 4th of October I was ordered to Camp
Merritt to organize the Five Hundred and Fourth Engineer Battalion.
We had with us fifty-eight enlisted men who were transferred from
the Twenty-fifth Engineers to the Five Hundred and Fourth Engi-
neers. I found myself on duty with Company A, with Warner I. Risley
as captain and Charles H. Bade as second lieutenant. I was serving

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 361

under a commission as first lieutenant. During the period of organ-
ization, Captain Risley took care of the paper work, insurance, allot-
ments, and the opening of all company records. Lieutenant Bade
acted as mess officer, looking after the kitchen and feeding the men.
My duty consisted of outfitting the men with individual equipment for
overseas duty and drilling.

When orders came to go overseas we went to Hoboken November
19th, and until the 26th the whole battalion was engaged in censoring
Christmas packages for the men overseas. The day before sailing,
after all of Lieutenant Bade's personal baggage was on board ship,
he received orders transferring him to the Three Htmdred and Third
Engineers at Camp Dix.

We debarked at St. Nazaire December 13th, and while we were at
Camp No. i the men were detailed to unloading ships. Company A,
of 250 men, was quartered in barracks without bunks or stoves, mak-
ing it necessary for the men to sleep on the earth floor. As in addition
to other discomforts the men were under quarantine most of the time,
it was only natural that the question most frequently asked was,
"Where do we go from here?" and the orders to move to Is-sur-Tille,
Cote-d'Or, was heartily welcomed.

Leaving St. Nazaire December 21st, Companies A and D reached
a siding at Is-sur-Tille, a hundred yards from the barracks which they
were to occupy, on the afternoon of the 23d. These barracks were of
the same type as those at St. Nazaire, but were provided with stoves
and wood bunks. The ground inside the barracks was frozen and the
fires soon converted the frozen earth to sloppy mud. This mud, later
in the spring, joined with the sea of mud that was everywhere outside,
made it necessary to wear rubber boots inside the barracks as well as
out. Cinders were used, but these soon became mixed with and lost
in the mud.

The East Depot at Is-sur-Tille was about twenty-five per cent com-
plete at this time, the work having been done by the Sixteenth Engi-
neers. For some time after arrival our men were detailed to and
worked by the ofificers of the Sixteenth Engineers, assisted by the
officers of the Five Hundred and Fourth Engineers-. The following
from the history of the Five Hundred and Fourth Engineers gives a
mental picture of what was found and what was done by the American
engineer at Is-sur-Tille:

"Like many other French railroad towns before the arrival of the
Americans, Is-sur-Tille was a quiet valley village at the confluence of
two little streams, hardly large enough to be called good creeks in
America, but the French called them rivers and named them the Tille

362 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

and the Ignon. The neighboring fields of this now well-known town
of Is-sur-Tille were formerly used for raising hops, but after the com-
ing of the Americans the French removed many thousands of their hop
poles, and in a spirit of resignation to whatever might be in store for
them turned their fields over to the American engineer to make of them
whatever he deemed necessary for the inevitable triumph of the Allies
over the despicable Hun. In less than six months from the day the
first Americans arrived on the bank of these far distant tributaries of
the Rhine River, there was created, as if by magic, one of the largest
supply depots in France.

"From this place of hubbub and smoke and seeming confusion went
forward thousands of tons of every conceivable kind of army supplies
to the American forces that were in operation against the enemy dur-
ing the last and determining year of the war.

"The engineer officer in charge of Is-sur-Tille employed every able-
bodied man that was available. Besides American engineers there
were hundreds of 'doughboys' and members of other branches of the
service. There were in addition to these, Chinese, Spaniards, and
German prisoners, both British and American captives, employed in
the project."

Continuing his notes, Captain Reynolds writes :

The Sixteenth Engineers left Is-sur-Tille March 3, 1918. From
December 23, 1917, to March i, 1918, Company A, Five Hundred and
Fourth Engineers, had men working on all parts of the project. This
work consists of grading, laying tracks, ballasting, excavating gravel,
building warehouses, building barracks, operating trains, driving
motor vehicles, driving teams, and assisting the quartermaster loading
and unloading supplies. Early in January I was placed in charge of
grading for tracks in the East open storage yard. In addition to detail
from Company A, I also had men detailed to this work from various
infantry companies.

After the open storage yards were graded, I was placed on grading
for the south hump of the French classification yard and filling for
additional tracks on the east side of the same yard. An old German
steam shovel, operating day and night, furnished the filling material.
On this work I was usually on duty at night.

Captain Graham of B Company, which had arrived at Is-sur-Tille
a short time before, was placed in charge of all railroad construction
on this project March i, iqi8. At the same time the West Depot
was started, and Captain Graham placed Captain Breed directly in
charge of all track construction in the West Yard, and myself in the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 363

same capacity in the East Yard. In addition to the East Yard, I was
given charge of the German steam shovel, as it was then making a
cut for trackage in the East Yard. It soon developed that a new spur
track to the gravel pit was necessary, and as the trackage to the bakery
came off this spur the construction of both was included in my terri-
tory. A force of forty men grew to 200 by the first of May.

As the East Yard grew in size the question of track maintenance
became more pressing, and by the first of May I had four section
gangs taking care of approximately fifty miles of track.

On April 7th Company A moved from her muddy home in what was
known as "The Flats" to more comfortable quarters on the hill, or to
what was known as Camp Williams proper. The average number of
men used daily on my work was: In May, 200; in June, 200; in July,
130; in August, 850; in September, 700; in October, 910; and in the
first fourteen days of November, 670. In 191 8, previous to November
5th, those working under my direction constructed about fourteen and
a half miles of track in Is-sur-Tille yards, ballasted the same amount,
built about 120 switches, both French and American, and made many
changes in existing trackage necessitated by the growth of the project.

During the greater part of the summer of 1918 a two and one-half
yard steam shovel of German make was working under my direction.
In July this shovel was put to work excavating solid rock. A gang
of thirty-five to fifty Spaniards drilled and blasted ahead of the shovel.
As the German shovel was proving too light for this work, a Bucyrus-
70 was put in and for a time worked on the same job. Later the Ger-
man shovel was removed and the task was finished by the Bucyrus.
The leveling up was done and the old corners excavated by a gang"
of German prisoners. In all 2,800 cubic yards of rock was excavated.
No complete record was kept of the earth yardage moved. The Bucy-
rus steam shovel was moved from the rock-cut to the gravel-pit on
September 27, 1918. After this date it was operated by Captain Hat-
maker's men on gravel excavation.

On the 14th of November I was ordered to take charge of the water
supply for the Is-sur-Tille project. I found two pumping stations,
many miles of pipe from three-fourths inch to eight inches, and two
reservoirs with a combined capacity of 125,000 gallons. One pump-
ing station was equipped with two eight-horse power gasoline engines
and two triplex pumps. The other had two steam boilers and two
9x1 0x83^4 duplex pumps. The pumping capacity of both plants was
900,000 gallons a daj^ and the consumption was about the same.

When one pump failed to operate there would be a shortage of
water. To do away with this trouble, I installed a third duplex steam

364 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

pump in one plant; and, one engine and pump in the other station
being worn out, installed a complete unit in the gasoline station. This
provided five pumps, and I attempted to keep four of the five running
twenty-four hours a day. This gave sufficient water until the con-
sumption increased, when it became necessary to get more pumps in
operation. This was due to increased railroad operation and water
service extensions. Two pumps, installed in the bakery power-house,
were brought into use and operated part of the time.

During this time a bath-house, consisting of forty showers, was
installed in the old rest camp. The water was heated by a 25-horse
power steam boiler used as a hot water heater. To prevent steam
generating and the boiler burning out, an overhead open tank was
connected to the steam dome.

A new rest camp was built, consisting of two bath houses with fifty-
six showers each. Water for these was heated by a 70-horse power
steam boiler and had two 5,000-gallon overhead open tanks. By using
the low pressure for the hot water to the showers and a high pressure
for the cold, it was possible to install a mixing chamber. The mixing
chamber consisted of a piece of 8-inch pipe seven feet long in the hot
water line. The cold water was tapped into one end of this with a
one-inch pipe, and a thermometer was tapped into the other end. The
mixing valve and the valve operating the showers being close together,
it was possible to operate one bath house as a unit. Then in permitting
a great number of men to bathe, they would fill the bath room, the
operator would turn on the water properly mixed for b,athing for a
short time. Then he would turn the water ofif while the men were
soaping and scrubbing; then turn it on again for a good rinse. As
soon as this group of men could get out the system would be ready for
the next bunch.

The first of March, 1919, I was relieved from water supply as I
was going on leave to Ireland.

Description of Advance Depot No. i

Captain Reynolds furnished for the history the following facts and
figures concerning the equipment and accommodations at Is-sur-Tille :

This depot is located on the East Railway near the village of Is-sur-
Tille, Cote-d'Or, and is a large distributing point furnishing supplies
for about a million troops. Work was begun on East Yard and camp
about September 20, 1917.

It is divided into four distinct projects, comprising the East Yard,
West Yard, Bakery, and Camp Williams. The East Yard includes

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 365

all trackage and warehouses east of the Is-sur-Tille-Chatillon branch
of the East Railway; the West Yard is that on the west side; and Camp
Williams includes all barracks, headquarters, and other buildings for
care of troops.

East Yard has a total of fifty-nine miles of track and twenty ware-
houses, nineteen of which are 50x500 feet, one- 50x504 feet, and two
steel buildings 240x500 feet, besides numerous smaller buildings for
offices, etc. This yard is used as quartermaster depot and ordnance
depot. The quartermaster depot has 475,000 square feet of covered
storage and 1,754,794 square feet of open storage. Ordnance depot
has 240,000 square feet of covered storage and 175,000 square feet of
open storage.

The West Yard consists of thirty miles of track and twenty-six
warehouses, seventeen of which are 50x504 feet, eight are 50x405
feet and one is 60x400 feet, besides numerous small buildings in use
as ofifices. The open storage in this yard is 5,000,000 square feet.
The various depots housed are :

Air Service 70,700 square feet

Engineer igo,6oo square feet

Medical 141,400 square feet

Signal Corps 95-900 square feet

The bakery consists of three main buildings — two 240x380 feet,
and one 55x125 feet. The latter is the power-house. The buildings
are one-story steel, with corrugated iron sides and roof. They are
completely equipped with modern mechanical bakery machinery, elec-
trically driven, and with patent ovens; capacity, 500,000 loaves of
bread per day of twenty-four hours. The power-house equipment
consists of two 330-horse power Thompson vertical water tube boilers,
designed for a working pressure of 200 pounds and super-heat of 250
pounds, two tube alternators of 500 K.W. capacity, together with
condensers and other auxiliary machinery, including three-phase trans-
former to ultimately take care of all power and lighting in yard and
camp.

Camp Williams has 154,000 feet of barracks, fifty-one 125-foot bar-
racks, and it houses 15,900 troops. There are quarters for 532 officers
near headquarters, as well as four buildings for training ordnance
troops.

The project is completely equipped with electric lights and water.
Water is secured from the Tille River and is chlorined before entering
the mains. Light is furnished by two power houses equipped with
iio-volt direct current gas engine diesel sets.

366 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Up to the signing- of the armistice construction projects had been
undertaken by the corps of engineers to the number of 831. The
A. E. F. left its trail in the shape of more or less permanent improve-
ments over the greater part of France. The projects cluster most
thickly around the ports used by American forces and the American
area on the southern end of the battle line.

Food and Clothing at the Front

The real test of the efficiency of the supply service comes when an
army engages in battle. Measured by that test the work of feeding,
clothing, and equipping the American army was well done, for, in the
main, the expeditionary forces received what they needed. At no
time was there a shortage of food in the expeditionary forces. Sol-
diers sometimes went hungry in this as in all other wars, but the con-
dition was local and temporary. It occurred because of transportation
difficulties during periods of actual fighting or rapid movement when
the units outran their rolling kitchens. The stocks of food on hand
in depots in France were always adequate.

During the winter and summer of 1918 the amounts on hand rose
steadily. On May ist, about the time when American troops were
entering active fighting for the first time, they were well over the
forty-five-day line, which was considered the required reserve during
the latter months of the war.

In the matter of clothing also, the supply services rose to the emer-
gency of combat. There were periods in the history of many individual
units when needed supplies could not be immediately obtained but, as
in the case of food, the difficulty was one of local transportation. The
records of the quartermaster show that during the six months of hard
fighting, from June to November, the enlisted men in the A. E. F.
received on the average:

Slicker and overcoat, every five months.

Blanket, flannel shirt and breeches, every two months.

Coat, every seventy-nine days.

Shoes and puttees, every fifty-one days.

Drawers and undershirt, every thirty-three days.

Woolen socks, every twenty-three days.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 367

Rifles

During the years immediately preceding our entrance into the war
there was much discussion within the War Department, as well as in
the country at large, of the need for increased military preparedness.
It was agreed that the army that would have to he called into the field
in any large emergency was one of 500,000 men. While our available
resources in trained men, in airplanes and in machine guns were en-
tirely inadequate, our reserve stocks of rifles and small arms ammuni-
tion were sufficient for even a larger army than the half million sug-
gested.

On the outbreak of hostilities there were on hand nearly 600,000
Springfield rifles of the model of 1903, probably the best infantry rifle
in use in any army. What no one foresaw was that we should be
called upon to equip an army of nearly 4,000,000 men in addition to
furnishing rifles for the use of the navy.

The emergency was met in several diflferent ways. The available
Springfields were used to equip the Regular Army and National Guard
divisions that were first organized. In addition to these rifles we also
had in stock some 200,000 Krag-Jorgensen rifles that had been stored
for an emergency and were in sufficiently good condition to be used
for training purposes. In addition, efiforts were made to speed up the
manufacture of new Springfields.

It was soon found, however, that manufacturing difficulties would
make it impossible to increase the output of Springfields to much
beyond 1,000 per day, which was clearly insufficient. At this juncture
decision was reached to undertake the manufacture of an entirely new
rifle to meet the deficiency.

Fortunately, there were in this country several plants which were
just completing large orders for the Enfield rifle for the British Gov-
ernment. A new rifle — the model 1917 — was accordingly designed.
This rifle resembled the British Enfield sufficiently so that the plants
equipped for Enfield production could be rapidly converted to its man-
ufacture, but it was chambered to use the same ammunition as is used
in the Springfield and in the machine guns and automatic rifles of
American manufacture.

Beginning with slightly less than 600,000 Springfields at the out-

368 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

break of the war, the total at the end of the war had increased to nearly
900,000. The Enfields first came into production in August, 191 7.
After their manufacture had actually begun the output increased rapid-
ly until it totaled at the end of the war, in November, 1918, nearly
2,300,000.

During the entire period the production of spare parts for the
Springfield rifles was continued at an increased rate. The first divi-
sions sent to France were equipped with this rifle. It is a fact that
about half the rifle ammunition used against the enemy by United
States troops was shot from Springfield rifles. The test of battle use
has upheld the high reputation of the Springfield, and has demon-
strated that the American Enfield is also a weapon of superior quality.
The American troops were armed with rifles that were superior in
accuracy and rapidity of fire to those used by either their enemies or
the Allies.

The use of machine guns on a large scale is a development of the
European war. This is demonstrated by the records of every army.
In the case of the American forces the figures are particularly impres-
sive. In 1912 Congress sanctioned the allowance of the War Depart-
ment of four machine guns per regiment. In 1919, as a result of the
experience of the war, and the new army plans provided for an equip-
ment of 336 machine guns per regiment.

The annual report of the secretary of war for 1916, said, "Perhaps
no invention has more profoundly modified the art of war than the
machine gun."

Although the Vickers-Maxim type had been recommended after
thorough tests, it could not be put on a quantity-production basis be-
cause of difficulties of manufacture.

A new gun well adapted to quantity production was presented for
trial. This gun, the heavy Browning, performed satisfactorily in all
respects and was adopted as the ultimated standard heavy machine
gun. The light Browning, designed by the same expert, was easily in
the lead as an automatic rifle, weighing only fifteen pounds. The
Lewis gun, too heavy for satisfactory use as an automatic rifle and not
capable of the long-sustained fire necessary in a heavy gun, was very
well suited, with slight modification, for use as a so-called flexible gun

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 369

on aircraft. A small number (2,500) of these guns were ordered for
training purposes for ground use, but the bulk of the possible produc-
tion of this gun was assigned to aircraft purposes. In addition to the
flexible type, airplanes require also a synchronized gun ; that is, a gun
whose time of firing is so adjusted that the shots pass between the
propeller blades. The Vickers gun had been used successfully for this
purpose in Europe and the call was insistent for their diversion to this
use, both for our own planes and for those of the French. After many
trials and adjustments, however, the Marlin gun, a development of the
old Colt, was adapted to this purpose. A subsequent development was
the design of a modified form of the heavy Browning for aircraft use as
a s)aichronized gun.

The earliest needs of our troops in France were met by French
Hotchkiss machine gvins and Chauchat automatic rifles. A little later,
divisions going over were provided with Vickers heavy guns and
Chauchat automatic rifles. After July ist, divisions embarking were
equipped with light and heavy Brownings. Both Browning guns met
with immediate success and with the approval of foreign officers as well
as with that of our own.

Although the light and heavy Browning guns were brought into
production in February and April of 1918, they were not used in battle
until September. This was not because of any shortage of supply in
the later summer months but because of a deliberate and most signifi-
cant judgment on the part of General Pershing. What he feared was
that if the first of the guns to reach the expeditionary forces were used
in battle there would always be some chance that one might be cap-
tured by the Germans. If this should happen it was possible that with
their quick recognition of the importance of any military improve-
ment and the demonstrated German industrial capacity for quantity
production, they might begin the immediate manufacture of German
Brownings. For these reasons the Brownings were not used in com-
bat until they were used in large numbers in the Meuse-Argonne battle.

When troops embarked for France they carried with them their
rifles, and sometimes their machine guns and automatic rifles.

From the beginning of the war the call for pistols was insistent. In
this case the American armv was fortunate in having in the Browning-

370 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Colt a weapon already in production and more effective than the cor-
responding weapon used by any other army. But while there never
was any question as to the quality of the pistol, there was much trouble
in securing them in numbers adequate to meet the demands. To help
meet the situation a revolver was designed using the same ammunition,
and placed in production in October, 191 7. As a result the troops in
France who were likely to require them for close combat were supplied
with one or the other of these weapons so far as possible, but full equip-
ment was never secured. A sufficient supply of small-arms ammuni-
tion has always been available to provide for troops in service. To
meet the special needs of the air service and of anti-aircraft defense,
new types of ammunition have been designed and produced, the pur-
poses of which are indicated by their names — armor piercing, tracer,
and incendiary.

We never had nearly enough of these weapons to equip fully our
entire army, and only during part of the months of the war were there
enough for the full equipment of the troops in France even if all the
pistols and revolvers had been there and issued.

In the cases .of automatic rifles, machine guns, and rifles there was
always a supply on hand in excess of what would have been required
for the equipment of the expeditionary forces alone.

At this point it is appropriate to comment on the fact that there are
many articles of munitions in which American production reached
great amounts by the fall of 1918 but which were not used in large
quantities at the front because the armistice was signed before big sup-
plies of them reached France. In the main, these munitions are arti-
cles of ordnance and aviation equipment, involving such technical
difficulties of manufacture that their production could not be impro-
vised or even greatly abbreviated in time.

Artillery

It was true of hght artillery as it was of rifles, that the United
States had, when war was declared, a supply on hand sufficient to
equip the army of 500,000 men that proponents of preparedness had
agreed might have to take the field in the event of a large emergency.

The great difference between the manufacturing output necessary

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 371

to get an army going quickly and that required to keep it going after
it has been equipped, explains the enormous industrial disadvantage
suffered by a nation which enters a war without its stocks of military
supplies for initial equipment already on hand.

The decision was made in June, 1917, to allot our guns to training
purposes and to equip our forces in France with artillery conforming
to the French and British standard calibers. The arrangement was
that we should purchase from the French and British the artillery
needed for our first divisions and ship to them in return equivalent
amounts of steel, copper, and other raw materials so that they could
either manufacture guns for us in their own factories or give us guns
out of their stocks and proceed to replace them by new ones made from
our materials. With our initial requirements taken care of in this
way, we should at once prepare to manufacture in our own plants
artillery of these same calibers for the equipment of later divisions.
Of the enormous amount of equipment made necessary by the expan-
sion of the army from its first strength to the contemplated force of
5,000,000 men, the artillery and artillery ammunition could be im-
provised with the least facility, for the necessary processes of its man-
ufacture involved irreducible periods of time. In spite of all these
handicaps, the record of actual production on United States army or-
ders only, is 1,642 complete units of artillery before the armistice was
signed.

In the magnitude of the quantities involved the artillery amnnmition
program was the biggest of all. Copper, steel, high explosives, and
smokeless powder were all required by the hundreds of millions of
pounds. As no firms were prepared to manufacture complete rounds,
it was necessary for the ordnance department to make contracts for
each component and to assume the burden of directing the distribution
of these components between manufacturers. For the shrapnel it was
possible to use the design substantially as had previously been used in
this country, but the high explosive and gas shell proved more trouble-
some. A large supply of American shells was produced, however,
before the signing of the armistice, and shipment to Europe in quantity
had begun. The ammunition actually used against the enemy at the
front was nearly all of French manufacture, but the approaching sup-

372 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ply from America made possible a more free use of the French and
British reserves.

One of the striking contributions of the United States to the cause
of the Allies was the enormous quantity of smokeless powder and
high eplosives produced. From April i, 1917, to November 11, 1918,
the production of smokeless powder in the United States was 632,000,-
000 pounds, which was almost exactly equal to the combined produc-
tion of France and Great Britain. This was not all for our own use.
About half the British supply in 191 7 was drawn from this country,
and in 1918 over a third of .the French supply was American made.
The established rate of production in this country by the close of the
war was forty-five per cent greater than the combined French and
British rate.

The American production of high explosives — T. N. T., ammonium
nitrate, picric acid, and others — was not established, when we de-
clared war, on so large a scale as that of smokeless powder. It was
necessary therefore to erect new plants. This need, by the way, was
the main reason for the restrictions on the sale of platinum, which is
necessary at one point in the process of manufacture. As a result of
the eflforts that were made, our established rate of production of high
explosives at the close of the war was over forty per cent larger than
Great Britain's, and nearly double that of France. The result of the
high rate of production of both smokeless powder and high explosives
was that the artillery ammunition program was never held up for lack
of either the powder which hurls the bullet or shell from the gun or the
high explosive which makes the shell efifective when it reaches its
destination.

When the clouds of chlorine suddenly enveloped the British and
French lines in the Ypres salient, early in 191 5, a new weapon was in-
troduced into the war. That it was a powerful weapon is evidenced
by the fact that during the year 1918 from twenty to thirty per cent
of all our battle casualties were due to gas.

At the time we entered the war we had had practically no experi-
ence in manufacturing toxic gases, and no existing facilities which
could be readily converted to such use. At the signing of the armis-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY Z7Z

tice, we were equipped to produce gas at a more rapid rate than France,
England, or Germany.

In the early days of our participation in the war it was hoped that
concerns engaged in chemical manufacture could be put into this new
field. There were many valid objections, however, to such a plan.
Many of these concerns were already crowded with war work. En-
tirely new equipment would have to be installed, which, in all likeli-
hood, would be practically worthless at the close of the war. Exhaus-
tive investigation and experimentation would mean delay in securing
and retaining adequate labor forces. For these reasons the Govern-
ment found it necessary to build its own chemical plants and to finance
certain private firms. The majority of these producing plants, togeth-
er with plants for filling shells with gas, were built on a tract of land
in the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, which came to be known
as the Edgewood Arsenal.

Che;mical Warfare Service

The following on the chemical warfare service of the army was
written by Major Frank W. Mack of Storm Lake :

This department of the LTnited States army was organized in the
early part of 1918. Its pioneer work was started out of two depart-
ments; one the American University at Washington, D. C, which did
most of the early chemical research work, and the other department
was the ordnance corps which started actual building of factories for
the manufacture of the dififerent chemicals and put the manufacturing
of the same on a large production basis,
"it was in July of 191 7 that a numl)er of young engineers from Storm
Lake volunteered their services and attended the Second Officers' Train-
ing Camp and afterwards received their commissions. The writer
was one of this group and received orders to report to the ordnance
corps at a certain address in Washington. It was the trench war-
fare department of the ordnance corps where I found a corps of en-
gineers who had been working since early Jvme on building a small
chemical plant filling station. All work was made as mechanical
as possible, due to the large number of fatalities which were occurring
in the French and English armies while handling the gases. The
first plant which these engineers were working on grew in capacity so
rapidly, due to an increasing demand for gas, until in April of 1918

374 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

we had built an enormous chemical and filling plant, adding to this
factory the largest chlorine plant in this country.

It was at this time that our President and Congress were forced to
recognize the enormous project that was before this country in the
line of gas and chemicals, and it was then that the chemical warfare
service was born, and at its head was placed Major General Sibert.

This department was divided into two major heads : The defensive
and the offensive. The defensive department was headed by Colonel
Dewey. Their main work consisted of manufacturing gas masks,
protective clothing, booths, and canisters. Also, to be represented in
each regiment with officers and men to instruct all the soldiers in the
various means of self-protection and the proper way to aid in taking
care of the men who get gassed. They surely did a wonderful work
in the production of masks, as it was onl)^ a short time before masks
became plentiful.

The offensive department was organized to manufacture the various
gases and chemicals and to fill all gas projectiles for artillery use.
Also, to have an experiment station where these gases and projectiles
were tried out. In order to understand what this department had to
undertake, you must realize that a series of factories had to be built
and a main factory and shipping depot had to be built; that to build
and operate a main factory and depot it was necessary that railroads,
highways, water and sewer systems, light and power, and immense
storage buildings had to be built, in order to handle the raw and fin-
ished products. Also, that such a plant would have to be built oft" by
itself because of the danger of its raw and finished products.

Congress purchased what was known as the "Gunpowder Reserva-
tion," a neck of land stretching out into the waters of the Chesapeake
Bay, with the Gunpowder River on one side and the Bush River on
the other. It is about twenty miles northeast of Baltimore, near the
Pennsylvania right-of-way.

Here the main and central factory was built during the fall of 191 7,
and nearly completed within one year. This plant was called Edge-
wood Arsenal and was divided into three large divisions as follows :

The chlorine plant capacity was 250 tons of gas, besides its by-pro-
duct, caustic soda, in many tons.

The chemical plant manufactured liquid chlorine, chloropicrin,
phosgene, mustard gas, brombenzal cyanide, white phosphorus, and
tin tebrachloride.

Almost all of these were produced in tons per day and some ran
very high in production.

The filling plant section was built to fill shells of from 75 mm. to 9.4

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 375

shells, Livens drums, incendiary drop-bombs, stokes, and various other
projectiles with the gases manufactured by the other two departments.

In addition it was the duty of this division to maintain and operate
all the railroads, water, and light plants. Its production ran over ten
thousand daily of shells, besides a large production of bombs and other
projectiles.

My first assignment was to build a 6000 KVA electric plant which
we started in December of 1918, and continued through one of the
worst winters the state of Maryland had had for many years. When
we had this about two-thirds completed the officer in charge of general
construction was released from duty and I was called in to take over
the completion of the filling plant as its field officer. This forced me
to supervise the construction of forty barracks, commissary for the
regiment, Y. M. C. A. building, highways and standard gauge rail-
roads, refrigeration plants and the filling plant itself. When we were
swinging full pace I had a force of some six thousand civilians and-
about two thousand soldiers, most of whom were engineers.

My part was to see that I had a good organization and then to see
that this organization worked in harmony. Had it not been for the
wonderful talent and ability of both men and officers I would not have
been able to swing the job.

Wish to say that practically seventy per cent of our men and officers
were picked men and I would not ask any greater honor than to work
with the class of soldiers and officers that were in my battalion. My
battalion had forty-five hundred soldiers during operation of the plant
and with few exceptions all were men.

Motor Transportation

An innovation in this war, development of which in the future
promises to be even more important, was the increased use of motor
transportation. As applied to the artillery, this meant the use of
caterpillar tractors to haul the big guns, especially over rough ground.
When we entered the war no suitable designs existed for caterpillar
tractors of size appropriate for the medium heavy artillery. But new
five-ton and ten-ton types were perfected in this country, put into pro-
duction, and 1,100 shipped overseas before November ist. About
300 larger tractors were also shipped and 350 more secured from the
French and British.

376 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Tanks
The tank was an even more important application of the caterpillar
tractor to war uses. In the case of the small six-ton tanks, the efforts
of this country were largely concentrated on improvement of design
and on development of large scale production for the 19 19 campaign.
Up to the time of the armistice sixty-four had been produced in this
country, and the rate at which production was getting under way is
shown by the fact that in spite of the armistice the total completed to
March 31, 1919, was 778. The burden of active service in France
was borne by 227 of these tanks received from the French. From the
pen of John Carey of the headquarters company, tank corps, comes the
following concerning this branch of the service :

The tanks, a very vital element in the winning of the great war,
have been more or less a mystery to most Americans on this side, ow-
ing to the fact of their scarcity in this cotmtry and to the policy of
secrecy on the part of the government.

For those who are interested in this branch of the service I think
the best way to enlighten them about tanks is to take them through the
course of training just as Uncle Sam did when he received his recruits
at one of the many tank recruiting stations.

The recruit, as I once was, was sent to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,
where with wondering eyes we almost neglected the historical signifi-
cance of the site of the famous Civil War battle in our anxiety to see
droves of the famous fighting machines. But a wise government ear-
ly in the game teaches recruits that the army is full of disappoint-
ments. On asking of a tired-looking guard where the tanks were I
received a worn-out grin and a not too-assuring answer that I would
find tanks everywhere. I did find "tanks," but of a different species
than I had seen on the posters of the recruiting station. There was
one French tank in Gettysburg so well guarded that no one could see
it, for Gettysburg was where the tanker was given his infantry train-
ing. At this point I might interrupt and say that a recruit for the
tank corps must qualify in three branches of the service — the infantry,
the cavalrv. and the artillery. Infantry, because an extra tank crew
advanced with the following "doughboys"; cavalry, because the tank
assumed cavalry tactics ; artillery, because the tanks were armed with
37 mm. guns, or the equivalent of our one-pound canons. This also
explains the significance of the tank corps' shoulder insignia, which is
a large triangle containing three small triangles of infantry blue,
artillery red, and cavalry yellow.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 377

Back on that famous old battlefield of Gettysburg, then, we received
our infantry drill, and on the less famous but more rocky fields of
Tobyhanna, Pennsylvania, we received our artillery training. This
plan, however, was broken by an early call overseas. On September
23, 1918, after a score of inspections, the order to entrain was given
and we arrived in Hoboken at 3:30 a.m., and were placed in a ware-
house waiting to go on a much camouflaged English ship at a nearby
pier. If a fellow tanker ever reads this and was in that warehouse
with me for those twenty-four hours, please don't tell why I laugh
when I recollect that only too short space of time; and to those who
know not, a word of warning: Never keep soldiers and Old Scotch
in the same warehouse, for it exemplifies only too well a law of elec-
tricity that "unlikes attract each other."

We bade the Statue of Liberty good-by on the 25th and hit for the
open seas with a naval plane overhead, a destroyer to our right, and a
big four-stacker cruiser ahead of us. Like every one who sailed the
seas in those days, we expected to have a sulimarine show up and blow
up the whole thirteen ships of our convoy before we were a day out.
We were rather disappointed that a submarine didn't at least give us
a thrill, but we were destined to have thrills of a different nature. Two
days out we encountered one of the worst storms in thirty-five years,
so the English crew told us. This storm lasted during the whole
twelve days to come. Then the "flu" hit vis, and before our ship landed
we had buried thirty-seven of our number at sea, and we left 1 19 on the
pier at Liverpool dying with pneumonia. This was not the only mis-
fortune of our convoy, for the storm was so great as to throw the
destroyer Kashimir out of the water and on the very decks of our sister
ship, the Otronto, wrecking both ships on the coast of Ireland, with a
great loss of life.

After this trip, every man knew how to die, as every ship suffered
a like number of deaths and their flags were always at half-mast.
There was hardly a moment but we could hear the faint echo of "taps"
from some of the convoy, calling another comrade to his last sleep.

We landed in Liverpool on October 7th, disembarked next morning,
and were loaded on trains bound for Southampton. It was getting
dark when we neared Southampton and here we saw our first glimpse
of war, for the sky was ablaze with great shafts of light swinging back
and forth in search of the dreaded Zeppelin. From Southampton we
crossed the Channel in the night to Cherbourg, France. They say the
Channel is rough ; I don't know. I slept all the way across, as did two
colored bunkies who flanked me on either side of the passage way floor.
The blackest one of the two awakened me in the morning with a jab,

378 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

saying, "Heah we ah, white buddy; heah is France! Heah is mo'
ground. Ah ain't ever gwine to eat fish any more. Even mud don't
look the same to me any more. Too wet ! Too wet !"

I never saw him afterwards, but Ell wager he ate fish and I know
he saw mud. for government gold fish was our menu, and mud — well,
mud was everywhere.

We next were burdened with a rest at an English rest camp. Then
we boarded our "40 horses" and "8 Chevaux" tourist cars, which made
me envv, for the first time, an American tramp with a whole box car
to himself. We went across France to our training center at Langres.
There we saw our first fleet of tanks, plying back and forth among
shell holes. Here we were introduced to veteran tank men, for at the
same time that the tank corps was organized in the United States there
was a tank corps organized in the A. E. F. and these men were the only
ones who ever saw real action in the tanks. These men had been used
at St. Mihiel, Essey, Larsard, Beney, St. Maurin, Janville, and in the
Meuse-Argonne drive at Varrennes, Cheppy, Boulney, Apremont,
Martinville, Charpentry, Very, Montibeau Woods, Exermont, Som-
merance, St. Jivin, Landres, and St. Georges, and at many points with
the British. At the Argonne-Meuse, according to Lieutenant-Colonel
Vives, they had 115 per cent casualties, including their replacements.

The veterans of these battles were instructors in our school. The
companies were split up and while one-third was taking a course in
mechanics, others were training on machine guns and 37 mm. guns and
others were getting instructions in driving. The training in me-
chanics and in gunning was more or less technical and vminteresting.
The real thrill was when one came into his own and occupied a seat
as a driver in a real tank.

The Renault tank, which is the tank adopted by the American army,
is a two-man or baby tank. It consists of an elongated armor body
about thirteen feet in length, six and one-half feet in height, a trifle
over a yard wide, equipped with a set of caterpillar treads and motor.
The armor is one-fifth to three-fifths inches in thickness and capable
of withstanding small-arms fire and the burst of smaller shells. The
body is surmounted by a revolving turret which carries either a single
machine gun or the short barrelled three-inch canon.

The interior is divided into two compartments — one for the crew
and the other for the power plant. In the forward compartments sits
the driver and back of him the gunner, who operates the gun in the
revolving turret. A wide belt of strap serves as a seat for the gunner,
who can turn the turret to any point. Slits seven-eighths of an inch
wide afford a measure of vision for both men. Entrance is by doors

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 379

immediately in front of the driver. The rear compartment is entirely
separated from the front compartment by an armor bulkhead. This
compartment contains the Renault engine, oil tank, and radiator. The
crank handle for starting the engine extends into the forward compart-
ment directly behind the gunner. The tank is guided by two handles
which control the treads, e.g., advancing the speed of the right tread
would turn the tank to the left.

With this understanding of what we are driving let's take a ride.
A course is mapped out, taking in many dift'erent depths of shell holes,
and our last instructions before going were to hit the holes square or
we would tip over. It is difficult for the driver to see through his little
slit and the gunner must direct him by pats on either shoulder for
right or left, or at the head for a halt. I can describe it best by falling
downstairs to charivari music with a pail of oil thrown on for good
measure.

After I had finished my course, I was assigned to a platoon or fleet
of tanks. There are five tanks in a fleet and when attacking they
travel in a large triangle with the signal tank ahead. During an
advance every tank zigzags in order to allow no direct hits. Signals
are given by flags from the commanding tank and also by runners.
Distress signals can be sent by any of the tanks. Their chief use is
advancing before infantry, breaking the wire entanglements and rout-
ing machine gun emplacements.

The Huns combated the tanks with anti-tank gnns, gas, large high
explosives, and traps.

The anti-tank gun resembles a rifle but is larger and shoots an
armor piercing bullet. The bullet is soft-nosed and upon impact with
the armor plate it forms a cone. The heat of impact softens the armor
and allows a small, hard steel slug to pass into the tank.

The traps were large holes, filled with water and covered so as to
resemble the terra which would collapse on being driven over. Many
tank men lost their lives in these traps. One of the most conspicuous
instances was that of Corporal Harold W. Roberts of San Francisco,
on whom Congress bestowed the Congressional Medal of Honor
through General Pershing's recommendation. Roberts, during a
charge on Germans, was driving a light tank which plunged into a
water-filled trap. Water and mud covered the tank. Only one of the
two-men crew could escape. Roberts pushed his companion out to
safety, saying, "Well, only one of us can get out — and out you go."
This is but one of the many instances of bravery often spoken of by
drivers or gunners.

Might I add in conclusion that the greatest difficulty in all tank

38o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

training was the finding of a man on whom you thought you could
depend to be a fellow member in a tank crew. Somehow or other they
all paired up and many peculiar teams were the consequence. My
driver was an ex-minister. I was afterwards accused of mercenary
motives in choosing him, but, strange as it may seem, common sense
can be used to some advantage even in the army.

The efiforts of this country in the case of the heavy thirty-ton tanks
were concentrated on a cooperative plan, by which this country was to
furnish Liberty motors and the rest of the driving mechanism, and the
British the armor plate for 1,500 tanks for the 1919 campaign.

The most important single fact about our artillery in France is that
we always had a sufficient supply of light artillery for the combat divi-
sions that were ready for front-line service. This does not mean when
the divisions went into the battle line they always had their artillery
with them, for in a number of cases they did not.

The statement does mean, however, that when divisions went into
line without their artillery this was not because of lack of guns but
rather because it takes much longer to train artillery troops than it
does infantry and so, under the pressure of battle needs in the summer
and fall of 1918, American divisions were put into line a number of
times supported by French and British artillery or without artillery.

In every one hundred days that our combat divisions were in line
they were supported by their own artillery for seventy-five days, by
British artillery for five days, by French artillery for one and one-
half days, and were without artillery for eighteen and one-half days
out of the hundred. Of these eighteen and one-half days, however,
eighteen days were in quiet sectors and only one-half day in active
sectors. There are only three records of American divisions being
in an active sector without artillery support.

Camouflage

Written by Manson Redenbaugh of Storm Lake :

The first I heard of the camouflage outfit was at the One Hundred
and Sixteenth Engineers' camp, in Angers, France, where I was first
stationed. Here the camouflage section had established a school with
Master Engineer Munn at the head of the work. The school had
three classes, one class being sent out each week and new men coming
in every week. At the end of my second week in this camp, I saw

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 381

a notice on the bulletin board asking for more volunteers for camou-
flage work. I inquired into the work and volunteered. The next
week I started to school, finding it a great relief from drilling all day
as I had been doing for two weeks.

Our first lesson was a talk on camouflage by our master engineer.
The rest of our lessons were usually obtained out in the field where we
were shown how to do the real work. ^Ve put up flat-tops for eight-
inch howitzers, anti-air craft guns, French 75's and larger. We also
concealed large guns under trees so that they could not be seen at a dis-
tance of 300 feet.

We also learned how observation posts were built. Some were
made in the trenches, some under ground in front of the trenches, and
others in trees, etc. We were taught how to camouflage communicat-
ing trenches, machine gun nests, and whole trenches, which may be
necessary at times. Occasionally, we would have a class on the inside
on map reading, compass reading, and a few secrets of photography.

Camouflage is not all painting or mostly painting as some people
may think it is. Flat-tops, which are used for covering large guns,
are made of fish-nets and bvirlap or chicken wire fencing and burlap.
The fish-nets the usually of two sizes, 30x30 inches, and 2>7^2)7 inches,
having about one-inch mesh. All through these nets strips of burlap
are tied. The strips are from six inches to ten inches long and about
one inch wide. When the strips are being tied great care is taken to
not get them in any regular order. They must be irregular. Every-
thing in camouflage is done to imitate nature and nothing in nature
is regular, so we are taught. The burlap is colored to suit the svtr-
roundings. If the ground is covered with dead grass, a light brown
burlap is used ; if the grass is green, a green burlap is used, etc. The
thicker and taller the grass, the darker it will show in a picture. In a
picture grass will have the same efl^ect, as may be seen in a brussels
rug. The longer the brussels, the darker the rug, although there may
be the same number of brussels. This is due to the shadows that the
brussels or grass, as it may be, will cast. All this must be kept in
mind by the camouflage man as he picks out the camouflage best suited
for the position. This napp efi^ect, as it is called, is also shown in the
flat-top camouflage, the thicker the strips the darker it will show in
the photograph.

One can see by what has been explained that flat-top camouflage
does not have to be the same color as the earth or grass, but can be
thickened or thinned as may be necessary to match the surroundings.
When putting up these flat-tops there are many other difficulties that
may arise; for instance, you may want to place the gun where there
is a furrow, roads, or possibly where two fields meet, such as a

382 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

stubble field and a plowed field. To cover a furrow the furrow
must show through the camouflage, for if it doesn't, when the pic-
ture is taken by "Jerry" he will see the furrow stopping in one place
and commencing again a short distance away and will know immedi-
ately that there is something wrong. Jerry takes pictures every day
and everything must be done to avoid causing one picture to be any
dififerent than the other, for as soon as he has any suspicion of a spot
he will turn his guns on it, to make sure, and if a Sammy happens to
be there, it is goodby Sammy.

A furrow will show up dark in a picture and to show this efifect in
the camouflage, the strips of burlap must be tied thicker directly over
the furrow. It is always best to place a gun near a road or partly
under trees, which will make it easier to camouflage. If a gun must
be placed out in the open, possibly in the middle of a field, it will be
necessary for a road to be made out to the gun to get the gun there and
to bring up ammunition and supplies. Roads or wheel tracks of any
kind show up very plainly in a photograph and to remedy this diffi-
culty the road must be made on past the position, possibly to some
other road or to some trees. Then these tracks or road must be
made to show in the camouflage as the furrow. Then when the pic-
ture is taken nothing will be seen but the road, and although Jerry
may know what has caused it, he will not know where the gun is.

When putting up a flat-top great care must be taken to allow no
one to tramp on the ground outside of the ground that will be cover-
ed, for foot-prints either in grass or on the bare ground will show up
greatly in a picture. To avoid this, the men must do the work with-
in the ground to be covered, and from underneath the top after it is
stretched. Such work as thinning or thickening the camouflage may
be done from beneath after it is up.

About all that is needed to put up a flat-top are a few seven-foot
poles, some heavy wire, a few staples, and a heavy hammer.

The camouflage made from chicken-wire fencing and burlap is
used more than the other, for then a position can be made any size
or shape desired.

To put up a position for a French 75, or in fact, any gun, the di-
rection of fire must first be determined. Then the space needed for
the gun and men must be marked off. For a 75 mm. gun a space of
eighteen feet by twenty-seven feet is usually desired. A smaller
space could be used but the more room the easier it will be for the bat-
tery men to work. Around the outside of this space two or three
layers of posts will be placed and the heavy wire stretched tightly

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 383

across them and staked at the ends on the outside of the position, in
this manner.

The posts are usually put about nine feet apart and are merely
set on the ground, for the wire will hold them in place. After the
posts are set and the wire stretched, the scrim as it is called, or cam-
ouflage, is put on top, stretched tightly and thinned out as is needed.
On the side in the direction of fire an embrasure must be made. An
embrasure is a door that may be opened when the gun is fired. When
completed the position will look something like this from above.

For larger guns larger positions may be made.

There are many other forms of camouflage, but the flat-tops are
used more frequently. A big gun may be camouflaged by placing it
underneath a large tree or trees and putting camouflage in front and
around it so that it will look as though there was nothing there but
the trees. This may be done wih scrim and garlands, colored to
match the surroundings. Garlands are strips of burlap tied on fence
wire about six inches apart. The scrim and garlands may be thin-
ned or thickened as is essential for the circumstance.

BUILDING OBSERVATION POSTS

Building observation posts is also a part of camouflage. These
are made any place that the enemy may not detect. Sometimes an
underground passage will be dug to a dead stump and then the stump
hollowed out and a small hole made in one side where one man may
sit and watch the enemy's movements. An observation post may be
made just in front of the trench. This is done by digging under-
ground for a short distance and coming up to an old cart roll of wire
or something of the kind where a periscope may be pushed up with-
out detection. Other times they may be placed in the rear bank of
the trench, when it is higher than the fore bank. In all such places
where here is danger of being hit, the observation post is protected
on the inside by plate steel.

Other parts of camouflage have to do with covering machine gun
nests, communication trenches, camouflaging roads, making snipers'
suits, and making canvas coverings for airplanes.

When camouflaging roads, camouflage is merely hung along one
side of the road high enough that trucks or men passing by may not
be seen. The camouflage may be very conspicuous, but the enemy
cannot tell when any one is passing over the roads so will not know
when to fire.

At the factory the French girls tie the strips of burlap on the nets
and fencing; they also do the painting of the airplane coverings and

384 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

do what sewing is needed. The painting the girls do is done with
mops or brooms; no skill is needed. The burlap that is used for
strips is painted by machinery. A large percentage of glue is added
to make it water-proof. The girls often did heavy work, such as to
load and unload trucks, push Irish buggies, etc.

Our work at the factory in Dijon lasted for only one week and
then we were sent to the front, but too late to get into real action.

Air Service

prewar equipment

When war was declared in April, 1917, the United States had
two aviation fields and fifty-five serviceable airplanes. The nation-
al advisory committee in aeronautics, which had been conducting a
scientific study of the problems of flight, advised that fifty-one of
these airplanes were obsolete and the other four obsolescent.

This judgment was based on the operations in Mexico, which had
demonstrated serious defects in the designs of American planes used
there. It was well known that improved types had been developed
in the European conflict, but the details of their design were care-
fully guarded and withheld from neutrals.

Immediately following the declaration of war, the Allied govern-
ments, particularly the French, urged the necessity of sending 4,500
American aviators to France during the first year, if superiority in
the air were to be insured. This request emphasized the need of
speed. The European instructors who came over later to assist in
the training work made no pretense that the 4,500 schedule was
practical. The problem was to approximate it as nearly as possible.
Public expectation was greatly exaggerated, due to the general ig-
norance, shared by even the best informed American authorities on
aviation, as to the requirements, other than simple flying ability
which this service exacts.

There were three primary requisites for bringing into existence
an elementary aviation service. These were training planes, avi-
ators, and service planes. All of them had to be created.

For the task of training, as well as that of securing the necessary
planes and motors, there existed in our army no adequate organiza-
tion of qualified personnel. Before the war our air service had been

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 385

small, struggling-, and unpopular. Aviation was restricted to un-
married officers under thirty years of age, and offered no assured
future as a reward for success. It had made its greatest appeal to
the younger and more daring types of line officers, and was not an
organization on which a great industrial expansion could be built,
or from which any large numbers of qualified instructors could be
drawn.

Training for aviation divides itself into three stages — element-
ary, advanced, and final. Elementary training, given to all candi-
dates alike, includes physical raining, hygiene, various practical
and theoretical military subjects, the study of the structure and mech-
anism of airplanes and engines, signaling, observation, ground gun-
nery, and elementary flying to the point of doing simple flying alone.

Advanced training consisted in the specialized work necessary to
qualify the student as a well-prepared all-around pilot or observer,
as the case might be, ready to take up and master quickly any type
of machine or any kind of observation or bombing duty which the ex-
igencies of the service might necessitate.

Final training, given in Europe, was a short intensive specializa-
tion on the particular type of machine, or any particular military
problem to which the pilot or observer was finally assigned.

The initial shortage of instructors and the opening of new fields
made it necessary to retain a considerable proportion of the early
graduating classes as instructors. At the date of the armistice there
were thirty-four fields in operation, with 1,063 instructors; 8,602 men
had been graduated from elementary training, and 4,028 from ad-
vanced training. There were then actually in training 6,528 men.

The total personnel of our air service, including flying and non-
flying officers, students, and enlisted men, increased from about 1,200
at the outbreak of the war to nearly 200,000 at the close.

With 4,500 aviators demanded and only fifty-five training planes on
hand, the production of training planes was the problem of greatest im-
mediate concern. Deliveries of primary training planes were begun
in June, 1917. To the date of the armistice over 5,300 had been pro-
duced, including 1,500 of a type which was abandoned on account of
unsatisfactory engines.

386 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Advanced training planes reached quantity production early in
1918; up to the armistice about 2,500 were delivered. Approximate-
ly the same number were purchased overseas for training the units
with the expeditionary force.

European experience had demonstrated that the maintenance of a
squadron, whether in training or in service, requires more engines
than planes for replacements. Pending the results of American ex-
perience, British figures, requiring an average production of two en-
gines per plane, were adopted as standard for American computa-
tions. Extensive orders were placed for two types of elementary and
three types of advanced training engines.

Quantity production of training engines was reached in 191 7 and
by the end of November, 19 18, a total of nearly 18,000 training en-
gines and more than 9,500 training planes had been delivered. Of
the engines, all but 1,346 were built in the United States; and of the
9,500 elementary training planes, more than 8,000 were of American
manufacture.

As soon as war was declared it became possible for American offi-
cers and engineers to learn the secrets of the great improvements that
had been developed during the war in the design of airplanes used in
battle service. A commission was immediately sent abroad to select
types of foreign service planes for production in the United States.

A controlling factor in their selections was the necessity of redesign-
ing the models so as to take American-made motors, as foreign en-
gine production was insufficient to meet even the needs of the Allies.

Because of this and because of the rapidity with which the designs
of the smaller planes were changing, the best Allied authorities urged
the concentration of American production on the more stable obser-
vation and bombing machines, leaving the production of pursuit
planes to the European factories, which were in closer contact with
the front. In the case of any plane selected only an estimate could
be made as to its probable adaptability to a new type of motor, this
engineering risk being less in the more conservative types of design.
This consideration, together with the imperative need for quick large
scale production, led to the selection of four types for this experiment :
The De Haviland-four (British) observation and day-bombing ma-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 387

chine, the Handley-Page (British) night bomber, the Caproni
(ItaHan) night bomber, and the Bristol (British) two-seated fighter.
This selection was approved by the French and British authorities.

The redesigned De Haviland-four proved to be a good, all-around
plane of rather poor visibility, with a tank design which increased the
danger in case of a crash, but with these defects more than compen-
sated by unusually good maneuver ability, and great speed. The De
Havilands were acknowledged to be the fastest observation and
bombing planes on the western front. At the time of the armistice
this plane was being produced at the rate of over 1,100 per month.
A total of 3,227 had been completed, 1885 had been shipped to France
and 667 to the zone of advance. The Handley-Page was redesigned
to take two high-powered American motors, passed its tests, and on
the date of the armistice, parts for 100 had been shipped abroad for
assembl)^

Delay in the receipt of plans for the Caproni greatly retarded the
redesign of this machine. Successful tests of the new model were,
however, completed previous to the armistice. The Bristol fighter
was a failure. The changes necessary to accommodate the American
engine so increased the total weight as to render the machine unsafe.

The rapid development of the heavier types of airplane, together
with the pressing need for large scale production, made necessary the
development of a high-powered motor adaptable to American meth-
ods of standardized quantity production. This need was met in the
Liberty 12-cylinder motor which was America's chief contribution
to aviation. After this standardized motor had passed the experi-
mental stage production increased with rapidity, the October output
being over 4,200. The total production of Liberty engines to the
date of the armistice was 13,547. Of this production 4,435 were
shipped overseas to the expeditionary forces and 1,025 were deliver-
ed to the British, French, and Italian air services.

Other types of service engines, including the Hispano-Suiza 300
horsp-power, the Bugatti, and the Liberty eight-cylinder, were under
development when hostilities ceased.

Up to the end of November, 191 8, the total number of service en-
gines secured was in excess of 22,000. Of this number more than

388 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

16,000 or seventy-three per cent were from American sources and
less than 6,000 from foreign sources.

The American and alHed airplane programs called for quantities
of certain raw materials, which threatened to exhaust the supply.
This was true of spruce and fir, lubricating oils, linen, dopes, and
mahogany.

In order to meet the spruce and fir shortage labor battalions
were organized and placed in the forests of the west coast, loyal or-
ganizations of civilian labor were fostered, new kiln processes were
developed which seasoned the lumber rapidly, without loss of
strength and resiliency. These methods solved the problem. Ap-
proximately 174,000,000 feet of spruce and fir were delivered, of
which more than two-thirds went to the Allies.

Castor oil was at first the only satisfactory lubricant for airplane
motors. The limited supply was far short of the prospective de-
mand, but the situation was met by planting a large acreage of cas-
tor beans and the development of a mineral oil substitute.

To meet an acute shortage of linen for the wings of planes a fab-
ric of long-fiber cotton was developed which proved superior to linen.

The standard "dope" used by the Allies to cover the wings of their
planes, making them air and water tight, was limited in supply and
highly inflammable. A substitute dope, far less inflammable and of
more plentiful basic materials, was produced.

]\Iahogany for propellers was partially replaced by walnut, oak,
cherry, and ash, and by improved seasoning processes excellent re-
sults were secured.

Few facilities and little experience existed at the beginning of the
war for the development of many of the delicate instruments and in-
tricate mechanisms required in the equipments of service planes. In-
tensive research brought soirx' notable results of which several de-
serve especial mention :

The oxygen mask, equipped with telephone connections, enabled
the flyer to endure the rarified air at any altitude which his plane
could reach without losing speaking contact with his companions.

The military parachute, which was developed to unprecedented
safety. This was used principally for escape from burning balloons,

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 389

and was improved so that it would bring down safely the entire bal-
loon, basket with its load. During the entire war there was not an
American casualty due to parachute failure.

The electric-heated clothing for aviators on high altitude work.
The electric suit, developed in the latter months of the war and used
at the front was lined with insulated coils through which current was
driven by means of a small dynamo actuated by a minature propel-
ler driven by the rush of the plane through the air.

Long focus, light-filtration cameras, by which good photographs
could be taken through haze from altitudes of three miles or more.
Primary credit for this belongs to Europe, but America improved
the mechanism and standardized the design for quantity production.

The wireless telephone, by which the aviator is enabled to con-
verse easily with other planes and with ground stations. This de-
velopment came too late to be of any substantial use at the front, but
its value for peace as well as for any future war is obvious.

In no field did American manufacturing achieve a greater rela-
tive success. Before the armistice we had produced 642 observation
balloons and had received twenty from the French. Forty-three of
our balloons had been destroyed and forty-five given to the French
and British.

This left us with 574 balloons at the end of the war. On the same
date the Belgian Army had 6, the British 43, the French 72, and the
Germans 170 on the western front. These figures mean that at the
end of the war we had nearly twice as many observation balloons as
the enemy and the Allies combined had at the front.

Forty-five Squadrons at the Front

The American pilots of the Lafayette Escadrille were transferred
from the French to the American service December 26, 1917, flying
as civilians until formally commissioned in late January, 191 8. They
were then attached to and served with the French Fourth Army,
operating over Rheims.

In addition to the purely American operations, two full squadrons
were attached to the British royal air force in March and June re-
spectively, of 191 8, remaining with the British throughout the war,

390 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

and participated in the following engagements: The Picardy
drive, Ypres, Noyon-Montdidier, \''iellers, Bray-Rosieres-Roye,
Arras, Bapaume, Canal du Nord, and Cambrai.

The strictly American aviation operations started in the middle
of March, 1918, with the patrolling of the front from Villeneuve-les
Vertus by an American pursuit squadron using planes of the French
built Nieuport-twenty-eight type. These operation were in the na-
ture of a try-out of the American trained aviators, and their com-
plete success was followed by an immediate increase of the aerial
forces at the front, with enlargement of their duties and field of ac-
tion. By the middle of May squadrons of all types — pursuit, ob-
servation, and bombing — as well as balloon companies were in op-
eration over a wide front. These squadrons were equipped with
the best available types of British and French-built service planes.
Observation squadrons, whose business it is to make observations,
take photographs, and direct artillery fire; pursuit squadrons, using
light fighting planes to protect the observation planes at their work,
to drive the enemy from the air, or to "strafe" marching columns by
machine-gun fire; the day bombers, whose work was the dropping
of bombs on railways or roads; and the night bombers, carrying
heavier bomb loads for the destruction of strategic enemy works.

The equipment of American squadrons was in the early months
entirely of French and British manufacture. American De Havi-
land-four planes were first used at the front on August loth, and
the number in service increased rapidly from that time on.

The rapid rate of destruction of planes at the front is illustrated
by the fact that out of 2,698 planes dispatched to the zone of ad-
vance only 1,162 remained at the time of the signing of the armistice.

Three major operations, marking the critical points in American
participation in the war, also furnish a comparison indicating the
growth of American air forces in action. These are: The Second
Battle of the Marne, St. Mihiel, and the Meuse-Argonne.

On the Chateau Thierry-Soissons front the Germans had at the
start a pronounced superiority in the air. The American air service
succeeded, however, in establishing the lines of contact with enemy
airmen from three to ten miles within the enemy's lines, photograph-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 391

ed the entire front and the terrain deep behind the hnes, and played
an important part in putting German air forces on the defensive.
German concentration for the attack of July 15th was reported in de-
tail and the location of the German reserves established, while the
secrecy of the allied mobilization for the counter-attack was main-
tained and the Germans surprised. The American force employed
consisted of four pursuit squadrons, three observation squadrons
and two balloon companies.

In capturing- the St. Mihiel salient the American First Army was
aided and protected by the largest concentration of air forces ever
made, of which approximately one-third were American and the
other two-thirds' were French, British, and Italian squadrons operat-
ing under American command. Throughout this operation the
German back areas were kept under bombardment day and night;
their reserves and munition dumps were located for the American
long-range artillery; propaganda designed to disaffect enemy per-
sonnel was dropped; record was made by photograph of every move-
ment of the enemy's lines and reserves, such information being fre-
quently delivered to headquarters in finished photographs within
half an hour after its occurrence; and fast pursuit planes armed with
machine guns flew low over the German lines, firing directly into his
infantry.

Day bombers and corps and artillery observers were forced to fly
low on account of the fog which hampered all the day operations,
greatly reduced the visibility, and made infantry liaison especially
difficult. This accounts for the fact that some trouble was experi-
enced by the infantry with German "strafing" planes.

The American air force employed consisted of twelve pursuit
squadrons, twelve observation squadrons, three bombing squadrons,
and fifteen balloon companies. This large force performed an
amount of flying approximately three times as great as was done
during the Chateau Thierry operations.

Because the Meuse-Argonne engagment covered a wider front
and a more extended period of time, against an enemy who had im-
proved liis distribution of air force along the entire southern section
of the front, no such heavy instantaneous concentration -of planes

392 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

as was made at St. Mihiel was possible. In this operation, more-
over, less assistance was rendered by French and British flyers. The
American force used during the engagement was considerably larger
than at St. Mihiel.

During the six weeks' struggle, the losses were heavy, but re-
placements were brought forward so rapidly that at the last stage
of the action the available American strength was greater than at
the start.

The final test of the American air service is the test of battle. The
final record is the record of the results of combat. Casualty figures
are an important part of the record. American aviators brought
down in the course of their few months of active service 755 enemy
planes. Our losses in combat were 357 planes.

Training for Air Service
Written by John Laird Parkhill :

I enlisted in the air service January 10, 1918, hoping to be of some
service to my country as a flyer. At Omaha, where I enlisted, I had
to pass a strict mental and physical test. The only alteration that I
needed physically was to have my tonsils removed, which I did, with
a great expenditure of saliva.

The "whirling chair" test was an unusual feature of the physical
examination. It was designed to determine whether or not one re-
acted normally to whirling motions such as would be experienced in
tail spins, power spirals, and , other similar stunts. It made me sick
for the rest of the day, which was normal reaction, and rather de-
preciated flying in my eyes for the time.

My call to service came April 25th and directed me to report at
Austin, Texas, June ist.

I spent three months of hard study in the school of military aero-
nautics in Austin. That was "ground school." Here we learned all
we could about flying while on the ground. We studied engines,
aeroplanes, meterology, and other technical and military subjects, as
well as the gentle art of infantry drill. Austin is known as the
"West Point of the air service." Studies were hard, and discipline
strict. Such a system of elimination was used that thirty-three per
cent of the cadets were "busted out." This created an atmosphere
of continual strain, because everyone was intensely ambitious to be
a flyer.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 393

Upon graduation from ground school most of us were placed in a
concentration camp, Camp Dix, Dallas, Texas, due to a lack of train-
ing planes. At this memorable camp we lived in cow barns and pig
pens on the state fair grounds; and shoveled coal, did K. P., and
stood guard. This for six to eight weeks.

I was certainly glad when, on October 25th, I was sent to Eberts ■
Field in Arkansas for flying instruction. We used the Curtis-J.
N-4, which would almost fly itself on a calm day. Now most of my
hard work was over, barring a few coal piles and tours of K. P. and
guard. I enjoyed every minute I was in the air.

At this time we were given the "re-breathe" test for altitude en-
durance. It consists of putting one through all the stages of suffo-
cation (excepting the last) and noting his reactions. I passed with
an A, meaning no altitude limitations.

When the armistice was signed we were given an opportunity to
resign, but I stayed in for the love of flying.

As a good many had left the service and the small fields were be-
ing closed, the Eberts Field cadets were sent down to Love Field,
Dallas, Texas, on January 19, 1919. Eberts Field had been rather
a dead place socially, but in Dallas we were literally accorded the
freedom of the city.

In Texas I learned to stunt, fly in formation, and fly by compass.
At the end of my flying course I passed the R. M. A. (Reserve Mili-
tary Aviators) test and was commissioned March 13, 19 19. The
R. M. A. test consists of taking off out of a field 2,000 feet square
and in one circle of the field gaining 500 feet altitude, the gaining
2,000 feet altitude, cutting the motor over the field, and spiraling
down into the field. You must make a spiral to left and right and
land zooming over a ten-foot wall, and stopping close to the lime-
marked spot in the field. This is not as hard as it sounds.

No words can express my disappointment at not getting across, but
my experience in flying was worth while, and the air shall always
attract me the same as the sea called to our adventurous forefathers.

Aviation — the Balloon Section

Written by Forrest L. Hoefile :

The balloon is made of a silk-rubber fabric sufficiently water-
proofed. When inflated it measures something like ninety feet
long and about twenty-seven to thirty feet in diameter. It is fitted
with a main gas bag surrounded by a small air space; of a shape in
a general way like a cigar, with ear-shaped projections at the tail

394 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

which in the parlance of the balloon men are called "fins," the pur-
pose of which is to keep the balloon from rolling. A rudder located
beneath the fins is for the purpose of keeping the balloon headed in-
to the wind.

The rigging includes the basket ropes, handling guys, and metal-
lic V. Gas is injected into the balloon through a valve in the nose.
Control of the balloon is maintained by means of a standard steel
cable wound from a drum of a winch on the ground, which is cap-
able of drawing down at the rate of 1,500 feet a minute. The cable
carried also telephone wires which afl:'ord communication from the
officers in the basket to the men on the ground. In observation
work the balloon is generally floated at 700 meters or 2,100 feet. The
winch from which the lead runs to the balloon above is usually a
single motor car, though some of the cars are equipped with two
motors, one for driving the car, the other for driving the winch.

The balloons have a capacity of 35,000 cubic feet of hydrogen gas.
If a gas plant is near, they are filled by the nurse-bag process, from
a large bag made of balloon cloth, but when operating in the field
the gas is furnished from steel cylinders.

In handling a balloon there are required forty-two men, a balloon
sergeant, and a balloon or flight officer. The entire company con-
sists of 170 men, 4 medical men attached, and 8 officers. AH are
designated as special duty men except the 40 who are rec[uired to
handle the balloon. Special duties of the several men are: Tele-
phone men, to take care of the telephone lines around the balloon;
switchboard men; radio men, to look after radio work; chart room
men, to keep records of the observations made by the men in the bas-
kets; riggers, whose duty is to take care of the riggings of the bal-
loon; fabric men, to attend to the patching and repairing of leaks;
gas men, who inflate the big bag with gas; machine gunners for
anti-aircraft work; chaufifeurs, mechanics, welders, and special duty
men. This personnel is divided as follows: Two master signal
electricians, 12 sergeants first class, 10 sergeants, 16 corporals, 6
chaufifeurs first class; 11 chaufifeurs, 32 privates first class, 76 privates,
with officers consisting of commanding officer, supply officer, medi-
cal officer, balloon officer, 4 observation officers.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 395

Constructing Airplane Hangars in England

Written by Fred D. Steinbeck of Albert City, who enlisted as a brick-
mason :

The first aviation camp at which we were stationed was at Lok-
combe Corner, England, where we arrived April 4, 1918.

Inasmuch as this was a new camp and few conveniences had been
provided we were compelled to live in tents and a few shacks, with
cloth hangars to house the flying machines. Our duty here was to
construct brick hangars and barracks. Our forces erected nearly
fifty new buildings, such as hangars, barracks, a garage, laundry,
hospital, a place of amusement, and every such building as is necessary
to make a camp modern. Some of the buildings were very large,
ranging from 50 to 350 feet in length. The four hangars were
150x250 feet, twenty feet high, with steel roof and with doors in
both ends. Buildings erected at this camp were substantially built
and will stand many years. What they can be used for since the
close of the war is a mystery to me, for there are many such
camps in England, and some of them are even larger than this one.
No American fl3'ers were stationed at this camp; all of the aviators
were Britishers. This was the place at which finishing touches were
put on their training, and when they left here they were ready for
the front. Some of the men we knew there were superior aviators.
At times there would be as many as thirty in the air at once, doing
different stunts which never failed to be of interest to us.

After six months of work at this camp we were ordered to Man-
chester, a much larger camp, but work there was interrupted by the
signing of the armistice, and as far as I know it was never finished.

After having observed the large scope of the plans for military
operations at these two points I can easily believe the wonderful
stories we have been told of immense army equipment, supply, and
housing plans at other places.

Spruce for Airplanes

Contributed by Dr. J. H. O'Donoghue, Captain in the Medical
Corps :

During the summer of 191 7, the slogan of the American people
was "Airplanes will win the war." The United States had no air-
planes, but possessed an abundance of raw materials from which to
make them. Chief among these materials is spruce to make the

396 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

wing beams and other wooden parts, for it is light, tough, and very
strong. A bullet may cut a spruce wing beam half in two, but this
wood does not split readily and will still hang together.

Spruce in abundance is to be had in western Washington and
Oregon, but the lumber industry of the Pacific Coast, in 1917, was
prostrate through controversies between labor and capital and the
activities of the L W. W. In the late summer of 191 7, the United
States, with our allies, England, Italy, and France, managed to send
troops to these states partly to intimidate the I. W. W., who were
threatening sabotage, and partly to get out airplane spruce. The
several cantonments contributed their share of men, the men being
selected because of some previous experience in logging, milling or
railroad building, or rafting. The wishes of these men were not
consulted in the matter. They were not volunteers, but were or-
dered to this service just as their comrades were ordered to France
or elsewhere.

In the autumn of 1917 the soldiers built the famous "cut up" mill
at Vancouver, Washington, all operated by electricity, where the
spruce "cants" M-ere sawed into wing beams and started on their
way for the places where airplanes were to be built in England,
France, and Italy, and of course, also in this country. Our troops
departed for the saw mills, lumber camps and ship yards in Decem-
ber, 191 7, and although the winter was well begun and logging oper-
ations practically discontinued, they set the saws moving and the
donkey engines pufifing, and the dead lumber business came suddenly
actively to life, and steady streams of Douglas fir and spruce were
soon moving toward ship yards and the cut-up plant at Vancouver.
But still the supply of spruce was far below that needed, and in Jan-
uary, 1918, the government organized camps to get out airplane
spruce exclusively.

The spruce tree is a very wonderful tree, growing two or three
luuidred feet high, and attaining a diameter of ten feet at the sawing
plane, ten feet above the ground, but it is twisted like a barber's pole
and if sawed as the western mills do it, the pieces are cross grained
and viseless for wing beams, so it was necessary to split or "rive" the
logs into "cants" so that the cut-up mill could saw with the grain.
This was a tremendous undertaking as the riving must all be done
by means of wedges and jack-screws, as powder would ruin the wood
for wing beams, and was not permitted. The average spruce log
was six feet in diameter, and spruce splits with great difiiculty, but
the soldiers succeeded all the same and a steady stream of "cants"
was soon moving into the cut-up mill at \^ancouver.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 397

The apparatus used in logging is very impressive. The donkey
engine and its outfit of cables is the unit of all operations. The don-
key engine is erected on a great sled-like thing whose runners are
logs about three feet in diameter and thirty-five to forty feet long,
and it travels around through the woods under its own power much
as I imagine the big tanks did in France, and with as little regard
for trees and stumps, and other obstructions, crossing ravines and
rivers with no appreciable delay.

In selective logging, the experts — tree spotters — go into a region
which the engineer determines from maps and surveys may yield air-
plane spruce, and select the spruce trees which will furnish' airplane
stock, but none less than four feet in diameter at the cutting level.
These are marked and carefully located on a map. The "fallers"
come after the spotters, and cut the trees down, the "buckers"' follow
and cut to suitable lengths, then come the donkey engines, each with
about two or three thousand feet of steel cable, two inches in dia-
meter. Three donkey engines make a team. First the "yarder,"
which is one or two thousand feet from the plank road or railroad
track, hauls all the logs within two thousand feet to its landing by
means of a "high lead." The high lead is a tree cut ofif about one-
hundred fifty to one hundred eighty feet above the ground, guyed by
cables, and supporting a stationary block or pulley, weighing about
five hundred pounds, through which the two inch steel cable which
drags the logs in from the woods runs. Next the "roader," a don-
key engine similiarly equipped, which drags the logs from the "yar-
der"^ to the loading place on the plank road or railroad, and next
the "loader," which lifts the great logs and lays them carefully on
motor trucks or railway cars, which convey them to tide water in
rivers or inlets where they are dumped into the "booms" and after-
wards made into rafts and towed to the saw mills by motor or steam
tug boats.

A hazardous looking business it is. The high climber must blow
ofif the top of the tree for the high head with dynamite. He must
perch around up there to put the guy cables and tackle. If anything
breaks, some one is sure to be hurt or kjlled. The "choker" men
put a turn of cable around one end of a log six feet to eight feet in
diameter; the donkey engine starts from a signal from the "whistle
punk" and the cable begins to run through the pulley at the top of
the high lead and the huge log comes crashing through the woods,
taking smaller trees and stumps out of its way. It is followed by a
man called the "chaser" who signals any trouble to the whistle punk
who must also keep him in sight and he in turn signals the engineer

398 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

to stop, go back, go ahead, etc., by means of a signal wire. A
"chaser" was killed one day by a catapulted six-foot log thrown into
the air when the log he had choked started to move. Another was
killed by an old dead tree struck by the moving log which for some
unaccountable reason did not topple at once, but fell just in time to
get the following chaser. An entire camp was caught in a forest
fire and escaped down the creek bed to the tide flat, scantily clad, but
without casualties. We vised tons of dynamite in clearing for plank
roads, railroads, and deepening stream beds, but strangely enough
we had no serious accident from dynamite, though on two occasions
huge billets of wood tore through the infirmary tent and interrupted
operations in progress.

The much feared L W. W. never gave any trouble, but of course
armed guards were posted night and day, and no sabotage was ever
perpetrated, nor do we know that it was ever planned.

In the early spring of 1918 the "genius" appeared and showed the
western saw mill men that a spruce log could be cut into cants with
the grain in any modern saw mill, so after that the riving ceased, and
the soldiers did "selective logging" which enormously increased the
output, and when the armistice was signed, the cut-up plant was run-
ning twenty-five units twenty-four hours a day shipping 1,000,000
feet of wing beams to the factories every day, and in fact the lumber
situation had improved to such an extent that a regiment had been
ordered released for foreign service December, 1918, and others
were to follow later as they could be spared.

The division at the date of signing of the armistice contained
32,000 officers and men under the command of Brigadier General
Brice P. Disque, and was known as the air service production divi-
sion. They were not limited service men nor industrials, but it
seems to the writer rather superior to any other large body of troops
with which he became acquainted during the war. Selected from
the various cantonments for their special experience, and knowledge
of logging, milling, and railroading, they had no option but to serve
at home in this humble way. Living in canvas camps, remote from
civilization, working and sleeping in the rain and mud, they expe-
rienced all the hardships of service on the battle lines, and while they
can not share in the greater glory which so deservedly rests upon
their comrades who fought across the sea, they were not exempt
from its hazard, for of the 2,300 men with whom the writer was
associated during the summer and autumn of 1918, fourteen met
with accidents which resulted fatally, while a very large number of
lesser "casualties," like loss of hand, a leg, or an eye, occurred.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 399

The writer is not prepared to say what part, if any, this division
had in whipping- the Kaiser, bnt he knows that the amount of spruce
for airplanes started on the way to the mills should have been suffi-
cient to darken the sky of the Kaiser's great domain, and we left
90,000,000 feet of lumber in the woods, on the plank roads and rail-
roads, and on the booms in Willapa Harbor subdistrict alone, when
the armistice was signed.

Aerial Photography

Writing from the aviation field at Dayton, Ohio, in May, 1918,
Carl A. Johnson, a photographer from Newell, gives the following
ideas of war photography:

This is one of the largest and oldest aviation fields in the United
States. I would like to send you a picture of it but we are not per-
mitted to have cameras for private use and there are no views for
sale. We are a company of eleven men, all from Cornell University,
and will get busy at once to make a mosaic of the camp. A mosiac
is an aerial photograph map. We are the first photographers on
the field and will have our hands full.

Aerial photography has been, called the "eyes of the army." It
is more than the eyes — it is the truthful and accurate observer and
the unfailing memory, the historian without suspicion. Of all
sources of information concerning the enemy, that obtained by
means of aerial photography is most perfect and complete.

A photographer desirous to serve in the aerial photographic sec-
tion must first take a course in the United States Army School of
Military Aeronautics, and thoroughly familiarize himself with this
branch of the service.

Various types of cameras are used. They are fastened in the
bottom or on the side of the fuselage, as they are too cumbersome
and bulky to manipulate except when held in rigid position; though
of course hand cameras are also essential for oblique photographs.

The C. & E. changer type and the L type cameras are equipped
for 4x5 plates and each magazine accommodates twelve or twenty-
four plates. Magazines are interchangeable so the operator may
carry several when up on a photographic mission, as they are easily
changed while in the air. The G. E. M. and the Brock automatic
are equipped for roll film 4^4 inches wide by 46 feet long, and an
area 33 miles long and one-third mile mile wide can be strip mapped
with a single film. For mapping purposes an altitude of 5,000 feet
is generally used.

400 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The work of an aerial photographic section at the aviation fields
consists of instructing cadets in aerial photography and aerial map-
ping, and photographing officers and cadets for records to be kept
on file at Washington, D. C, photographing every crash or mishap
and all other photographic work which may be of interest to the
authorities.

Chaumont Never Under Attack

Written by Mahlon H. Johnson, Company C, Headquarters Bat-
talion :

Chaumont, a quaint little old French city, lodged in and about the
valley of the Marne, where, centered on the highest elevation, in
majestic beauty, is the Damremont Caserne, was the home of the
General Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces from
September, 191 7, until June i, 19 19, when G. H. Q. broke up almost
as quickly as the clouds break away after a summer rain. The Cas-
erne (French for garrison or camp), a large, enclosed, and fortified
French training camp, provided the quarters for the multitudinous
departments and sub-departments of the administrative organiza-
tion of the G. H. Q.

Within a short distance of the Caserne, to the east, courses the
river Marne; to the west lies the Valley of Peace, in which are seen
beautiful pastures, picturesque gardens and wooded hills, separated
and crossed by snow-white macadamized roads. To the northwest
the two valleys join and the river Marne, bordered by the beautiful
Marne canal, which shines on a clear summer day like a white silk
ribbon, winds about a high, wooded hill, and out of view it flows on,
to Paris.

It is said that Chaumont was selected as the site for the main head-
quarters of the American Expeditionary Forces because of the stra-
tegic importance of its location with respect to that of the fighting
forces of the American army, and because of the excellent natural
protection that the surrounding hills gave the city from any manner
of attack by the enemy. The city was not at any time attacked by an
armed force of the enemy, from land or air, although those stationed
in the city felt in danger of nightly air-raids. The blinds were
kept tightly drawn, at the windows of the ever-busy offices at all
hours of the night until the day of November nth, when it seemed
that a heavy blanket was lifted from the entire place.

On one autumn day "Jerry" did come over, about i :oo o'clock in
the afternoon, bent on photographing, according to the rumors. It

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 401

was said that there were five Boche planes. Cloud shells were sent
up over the Caserne from the anti-aircraft guns, and the minute
that the enemy was discovered a half dozen planes from the Ameri-
can and French aviation center shot up into the air, but "Jerry" ran
home as quickly as he came.

On another day a balloon was brought down near the city, but
there was nothing in it, and the assumption was that it got over the
lines at night, after breaking loose, and floated away from the fight-
ing. It was received with pleasure and most of it was sent back to
this side in little pieces as souveniers of the "Battle of Chaumont."

The Caserne proper consisted of three massive buildings, laid at
right angles, facing Rue des Etats Unis (Road of the United States),
and a number of smaller buildings, which are completely surrounded
by a great wall of masonry. Between the three enormous struc-
tures lies the parade ground, on which thousands of people may as-
semble. Around the outskirts of this perfectly level and macada-
mized quadrangle is an elaborate display of trees.

Rue des Etats Unis was perfected by our own engineers, who
added artificial beauty to the already existing natural enviroment.
Long rows of trees are lined in single file beside the promenade; a
road to each side of the promenade; more trees at the edge of these
two roads, and then two more walks, which add to the convenience
and beauty of the road as it winds its way into the city of Chaumont.
On this street was the soldiers' Y. M. C. A. building, one of the most
complete in France. Therein were reading, writing, and class rooms,
two large auditoriums, a canteen, a restaurant, an enormous fire-
place— everything practicable which could have been supplied for
the entertainment and instruction of our men. Further up the street
was the officers' Y. M. C. A. — more elaborate, but not less pleas-
ing or serviceable. The entire Rue des Estats Unis is lined with
architecturally artistic residences.

In the French section of the Caserne, to the left of the three great
buildings, were soldiers' quarters, administrative offices, infirmaries,
and other necessary departments. Throughout the district are small
plots of gardens and winding macadamized paths. Other sections
of the Caserne were occupied by the British, French, and Italian
missions. To the east of the Caserne, Camp Babcock occupied a
prepossessing spot, and therein soldiers who worked at General
Headquarters were quartered. To the west, leading down a gentle
hill toward Peace Valley, was Camp Bacon, where most of the clerks
who worked in the offices were quartered. To the south were the
Marine Barracks, so called because it was there the Marines were
housed during the year of their stay with G. H. O.

402 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

In the three magnificent buildings of the Caserne the greatest
part of the executive work of G. H. Q. was carried on. Here Gen-
eral Pershing maintained his offices and those of his stafif, and it was
here that G-i, G-2, G-3, G-4, and G-5 held forth, under which a few
of the departments were: Information, secret service, topography,
censorship, intelligence corps, administrative services, services Jbf
supply, quartermaster corps, medical corps, engineer corps, ordnawe
department, signal corps, air services, chemical welfare servi(S,
general purchasing agent, transportation, provost marshal's service,
beside the numerous branches directly or indirectly connected with
these services.

Chaumont was the center of an administrative web which extend-
ed in every direction for miles and miles, the influence and effect of
which has been felt throughout the world. It was at these head-
quarters where the schemes and plans were created which resulted,
on July 21, 191 8, at Chateau Thierry, in turning the tide of battle.

It should be mentioned that "chaumont" is the French word for
camel, and that the city was given the name because of the long hill
shaped like a camel's back, upon the top and in the valleys at the foot
of which the city rests.

Chaumont, as the city in which the General Headquarters, Ameri-
can Expeditionary Forces, were established, will live forever, and
those who have been privileged to enjoy its hospitality will ever look
back with pride in having been included in G. H. O.'s vast personnel.

A Million Dollars an Hour

For a period of twenty-five months, from April, 191 7, through
April, 1919, the war cost the United States considerably more than
$1,000,000 an hour. Treasury disbursements during the period
reached a total of $23,500,000,000, of which $1,650,000,000 may be
charged to the normal expenses which would have occurred in time
of peace. The balance may be counted as the direct money cost of
the war .to the end of April, 1919, a sum of $21,850,000,000. The
figure is twenty times the pre-war national debt. It is nearly large
enough to pay the entire costs of our Government from 1791 up to
the outbreak of the European war.

In addition to this huge expenditure loans were advanced to the
Allies at the rate of nearly half a million dollars an hour. Congress
authorized for this purpose $10,000,000,000, and there was actually

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 403

paid to various governments the sum of $8,850,000,000. Of the
United States Government war cost, the army was responsible for
the expenditure of sixty-four per cent, or just short of two-thirds of
the entire amount.

, The total direct war costs amount to about $186,000,000,000, and
of this sum the enemy countries spent about one-third and those on
the allied side about two-thirds. Germany spent more than any
other nation, and was closely followed by Great Britain, whose ex-
penditures include those of her colonies. The figure for France is
$12,000,000,000 less than that for Great Britain, and our own figure
is below that for France. The Austrian expenditure was almost
equal to that of the United States. It is noteworthy that the United
States spent about one-eighth of the entire cost of the war and some-
thing less than one-fifth of the expenditure of the allied side.

The quartermaster corps, which paid the soldiers and furnished
them with food, clothing, equipment, and miscellaneous supplies,
spent the most. The ordnance department was next in order, with
over $4,000,000,000 for munitions, more than half of its expenditures
being for artillery ammunition.

The total of our army expenditures about equals the value of all"
the gold produced in the whole world from the discovery of America
up to the outbreak of the European war.

PERMANENT ASSETS

As a result of the war efiforts large quantities of munitions, sup-
plies, and equipment have been secured which will be of value for
many years to come. The army now owns some of the finest docks
in the world. The sixteen National Army cantonments and three
National Guard camps will be retained permanently as training
camps. A number of first-class aviation fields and depots and bal-
loon schools will be a permanent asset.

As to rifles and machine guns and their ammunition, light and
heavy artillery and ammunition, tanks and tractors, of these we have
a supply more than sufficient to equip fully an army of a million men
and maintain them in active combat for six months. Thousands of
Liberty motors and service planes are immediately available for any

404 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

emergency. Engineer, signal, and medical equipment is on hand to
the value of millions of dollars.

Health and Casualties
the deadliest war

Of every loo American soldiers and sailors who took part in the
war with Germany, two were killed or died of disease during the pe-
riod of hostility. In the Northern Army during the Civil War the
number was about ten. Among the other great nations in this war,
between twenty and twenty-five in each loo called to the colors
were killed or died. To carry the comparison further, American
losses in this war were relatively one-fifth as large as during the
Civil War and less than one-tenth as large as in the ranks of the en-
emy or among the nations associated with us. The total battle
deaths in this World War were greater than all the deaths in all
wars for more than lOO years previous.

Russia had the heaviest losses, in spite of the fact that she with-
drew from the war after the fall of 191 7. American losses are third
from the bottom of the list. German losses are thirty-two times as
great as the losses of the United States, the French twenty-eight
times, and the British eighteen times as large.

BATTLE DEATHS BY SERVICE

The chances of death are much heavier in the infantry than in
any other branch of the service. Of each 1,000 enlisted men in the
infantry forty-six were killed in action or died of wounds. The offi-
cers show a higher rate.

For every man who was killed in battle, seven others were wound-
ed, taken prisoner, or reported missing. The number who died of
wounds were only six per cent as large as the number who were
wounded. Hospital records show that about eighty-five per cent of
the men sent to the hospitals on account of injuries were returned
to duty.

The number of men reported as missing was steadily reduced
from a total of 22,724, exclusive of prisoners, to 2,913 early in May,

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 405

1919. Under date of September 10, 1919, it was announced by the
War Department that every American soldier who became a casu-
alty in the war against Germany had been accounted for. This end
was accomplished without clearing any case as dead, except on evi-
dence establishing beyond doubt the fact of death. Only twenty-two
per cent of those who were originally reported as missing in action
have been returned as dead.

The work of the central records office of the American Expedition-
ary Forces in clearing up the cases of men listed as missing has been
more successful than that done in any other armies or in any previ-
ous great war. When the records are finally completed, with all
American soldiers accounted for, the missing lists of the other na-
tions still runs into the hundreds of thousands.

BATTLE AND DISEASE LOSSES

The total number of lives lost in both army and navy from the
declaration of war to May i, 1919, is 122,500. Deaths in the army,
including marines attached to it, were 112,432. About two-thirds of
these deaths occurred overseas. There were 768 lost at sea, of
which 381 are included under battle deaths, since their loss was the
direct result of submarine activity. Almost exactly half the losses
were from disease. If the comparison between disease and battle
losses is limited to the expeditionary forces, battle losses appear
more than twice as large as deaths from disease.

This was the first war in which the United States was engaged
that showed a lower death rate from disease than from battle. In
previous wars insanitary conditions at camps and the ravages of epi-
demic diseases have resulted in disease deaths far in excess of the
number killed on the battle field. The death rate from disease in the
Mexican War was no per year in each 1,000 men; in the Civil War
this was reduced to 65 ; and in the Spanish War to 26, while the rate
in the expeditionary forces in this war was 19. The battle rate of
53 for the overseas forces is higher than in any previous war. It is
higher than in the Civil War because all of the fighting was concen-
trated in one year, while in the Civil War it stretched over four
years.

4o6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

THE CONTROL OF DISEASE

Some of the outstanding causes of the remarkably low disease
death rate in the war against Germany are : ( i ) A highly trained
medical personnel, (2) compulsory vaccination of the entire army
against typhoid fever, (3) thorough camp sanitation and control of
drinking water, and (4) adequate provision of hospital facilities.
During the war 31,251 physicians from civil life were commissioned
in the medical corps. This number included leaders of medical
science who have not only made possible the application of the most
recent advances of medicine in the prevention and cure of disease,
but have themselves made new discoveries during the course of the
war, resulting in great saving of life in our own and other armies.

The intestinal diseases, such as dysentery, the typhoids, bubonic
plague, cholera, and typhus, have ravaged and even obliterated ar-
mies in the past. During the Spanish- American War typhoid fever
alone caused eighty-five per cent of the total number of deaths. In the
war with Germany these diseases were practically eliminated as causes
of death. Pneumonia was the greatest cause of death. More than
40,000 died of that disease. Of these, probably 25,000 resulted from
the influenza-pneumonia pandemic which swept through every camp
and cantonment in this country and caused thousands of deaths in
the expeditionary forces.

Two other diseases which offered difficult problems for the med-
ical force were measles and spinal meningitis. Measles was preva-
lent during the first year of the war and was particularly dangerous
as the predecessor of pneumonia. Meningitis caused nearly 2,000
deaths, ranking next to pneumonia.

VENEREAL DISEASE

Great success has also been experienced in the control of the ven-
ereal diseases. A comprehensive program of education, together
with medical prophylaxis, produced unusual results. While these
diseases continued to be the most frequent cause of admissions to the
sick report, and the greatest source of non-effectiveness in the army,
a large proportion of the cases were contracted before entering the
army. A special study of all new cases of venereal diseases report-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 407

ed at five large cantonments shows that of 48,167 cases treated,
ninety-six per cent were contracted before entering the army and
only four per cent thereafter.

HOSPITALIZATION

At the beginning of the war what was then considered an extrava-
gant program of hospital construction was entered upon, with the
intent that in no case should the army lack facilities for the care of
its sick. On December i, 191 9, there were available in army hospi-
tals 399,510 beds, or one bed to every nine men in the army. Of
these, 287,290 were overseas and 112,220 were in this country. The
hospital capacity was exceeded in this country only during the influ-
enza epidemic, when it became necessary to take over barracks for
hospital purposes. The overseas record was even better. Except
during two weeks in October, at the height of the attack on the Hin-
denburg line, the number of patients did not exceed the normal bed
capacity of the hospitals, and at that time there were approximately
60,000 unused emergency beds.

A Nurse's Experience
The experience of a Red Cross nurse is told in the following story
from Miss Eva Delbridge, told in the Storm Lake Pilot-Tribune
upon the occasion of a furlough in June, 1919, just after returning
home from overseas.

When asked about her experiences. Miss Delbridge said that the
most wonderful thing that she had seen was the spirit of the wound-
ed boys. Early in the war, the hospital service of the army was far
from efficient. The 114th hospital unit had to wait three months
for their hospital to be finished. At one time they were taking care
of 7,000 men. There were only fifty-eight nurses and sixty medical
corps men. The nurses would start dressing wounds early in the
morning, and would not get through until eight or nine at night.
There were men who were actually suffering for a drink of water,
to say nothing of getting their wounds dressed. And yet, said Miss
Delbridge, there was not one word of complaint from them. Con-
ditions rapidly grew better, but the wish of the wounded men- seemed
to be to cause as little trouble as possible. "They are simply wonder-
ful; 100 per cent grit," said Miss Delbridge.

4o8 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

She said that in civiHaii hospitals the big problem is to keep peo-
ple from giving- up. But that is not the case in the army. Men
come to the hospitals, mangled beyond relief. But there is never
one word of complaint. They fight to the very last.

Shortly before her death Miss Delbridge wrote the following ac-
counts of experiences and conditions during her period of service.

Base Hospital Unit 114, originally an orthopedic unit, was one of
a number of hospital units sent to Beau Desert, which place was the
largest hospital center in France, in fact the largest in the world. It
was at the time of the signing of the armistice, equipped and prepared
to care for 20,000 wounded soldiers.

Base 114 sailed for France about the 5th of June, igi8. It was
made up, in addition to our personnel of doctors, nurses, and corps
men, of about thirty reconstruction aids and occupational aids. The
reconstruction aids were sent principally for orthopedic purposes.
On our arrival in Bordeaux we found this hospital was not yet fin-
ished and in no way ready to receive our wounded. Our unit was
then temporarily broken up, and many of us sent to the different
evacuation hospitals at the front. We were badly needed up there
and did service.

After about three months we were called back to our respective
places in the base center. After this, surgical teams, consisting of
two doctors, two nurses, and three corps men were sent iu turns to
the front as needed. At this time our base, as well as others at the
place, were equipped, but the center as a whole was not in readiness
— not fully equipped as for supplies and organized hospital unit.
However, the wounded continued to pour in just the same.

The base hospitals which were already in running order were called
upon to open other units in the center, and during the big drives
in September, October, and the first two weeks in November our base,
as well as others, was caring for 6,000 to 7,000 wounded boys. Our
boys had always the fighting spirit with them. Those of our con-
valescent patients who were able to do errands, were glad to be of as-
sistance to us and to their more unfortunate comrades. Thus they
took many minor case from our personnel and added greatly to the
comfort of our severely wounded. The boys' were always cheerful
and hopeful — pure grit. With those of them who were seriously
wounded, perhaps mortally so, one wish was to be soon able to go
"home." With those who were less wounded, the one cry was to
soon get back to their company.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 409

Little ortheopedic surgery was done. It was deemed best to send
patients needing work of this kind back to the United States as soon
as they were able to be moved. About two months after the signing
of the armistice our unit was again broken up; many of our nurses
were sent to the dififerent camp hospitals throughout France, but
most of us eventually came together again and were sent back as
casuals, landing in New York harbor on the 23d of May, 1919.

Red Cross
An army of nurses and Red Cross workers overseas were as sub-
stantially backed up by the civilian work done here, as the fighters
were backed up by the subscriptions to liberty loans. This point is
brought out in a letter from Miss May Schweitzer, written in Sep-
tember, 1918, when she said:

You've no idea what a splendid work the Red Cross is doing. We
simply could not get on without them. Everything they send is
made and done up so nicely; and as you see we have no time to make
things you can imagine what that means. The boys tell of the won-
derful work the Salvation Army is doing up near the front, too. I
scarcely heard of them in the States and am surprised to know how
strong they are over here. We realize more each day how fine you
people at home are for the splendid way you are supporting these
organizations.

Caring for the Wounded

Five surgical teams, each consisting of two surgeons, two nurses,
and two corps men, cared for 250 to 500 wounded men a day, says
Mart E. Wright, who went from Providence Township and was as-
signed to medical corps duty in the task of opposing the Hun.
Wright was in the base hospital at Souilly, Meuse, in the Verdun
sector. He writes as follows of his experience:

The duty of a corps man was to clean the wounded men and make
them ready for the surgeon. The wounded came to us after they
had been through the receiving room and the X-ray room. We as-
sisted with the anaesthetic and helped care for the men until they
were over the efifect of it. Because of the heavy fighting on the
front we were busy every day; five surgical teams handling from
250 to 500 wounded men a day — mostly American wounded, a few
French, and also quite a few wounded German prisoners.

410 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Wright gives the same testimony in regard to the spirit of the suf-
fering men as did Miss Eva Delbridge in her story written from her
observations as a nurse. He says:

The wotmded never complained of their wounds; all were cheer-
ful. Men with eyes out and arms off said they were lucky that it
wasn't their head. I stopped to talk to one man who was waiting to
be operated upon, to ask him how he felt. He said, "Pretty good,
but I'd feel better if I had gotten that German who heaved a hand
grenade at me." The man had thirty-two wounds, both arms brok-
en, and one toe off. The German wounded received the same care
as our own wounded; though quite a few of them seemed scared as
to what was going to happen to them. The number of Germans
who spoke English was remarkable. Most of them were glad to be
out of the fight. They all thought the Allies would win, but did not
believe the war would be over until the summer of 1919.

THE WORLD WAR

Heavy increase in the fighting equipment of Germany, failure to
endorse any poHcy of arbitration, refusal to cooperate to secure the
ends desired of the Hague Conferences, or to limit armaments, the
forming- of an alliance with Austria-Hvmgary and Italy, the educa-
tion of her people to a state of mind in favor of war, all point to the
fact, especially in the light of later developments, that Germany was
planning a war during the years when the rest of the world was
seeking a basis for permanent peace.

Military leaders of Germany anticipated with ill-concealed pleas-
ure "Der Tag" (The Day), when the Central Empire would crush
her rivals, and especially was her hope strong for reducing England
to a subordinate position among the nations.

It was recorded that about the time of the close of the Spanish-
American War a German diplomat made the statement to an Ameri-
can army ofificer: "About fifteen years from now our country will
start her great war. She will be in Paris in about two months after
the commencement of hostilities. Her move on Paris will be but a
step to her real object — the crushing of England. Everything will
move like clockwork; we will be prepared and others will not be
prepared."

A determination to increase her standing army was decided upon
by Germany in 1913. Though immense sums were needed for such
a project they were raised through taxation, with the addition of suf-
ficient amoimts to purchase aircraft and guns of sufficient range and
caliber to raze the heaviest fortifications. The fall of 1914 was set
as the time when these warlike preparations should be complete. The
Kiel Canal, important in a naval way, was widened and deepened to
carry the immense battleships built during late years. This task
was completed July i, 1914. With all equipment at hand and all
forces ready for war, the consideration lacking was an excuse for
opening hostilities.

412 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

In the southern provinces of Austria-Hungary the Serbs and other
Jugo-Slavs had for years been in a repressed state of rebellion
against Austrian rule. Formal annexation of the provinces of Bos-
nia and Herzegovina, after a period of time, when Austria-Hun-
garv had been governing them temporarily, did not serve to mitigate
the dissatisfaction. The ambition of the Serbian people was for a
united kingdom of the peoples speaking that language. Serbia, as
a small nation, hardly had the courage to assert herself, but successes
during the Balkan Wars demonstrated her strength of arms, and,
observing this success, the Serbs in Austria took courage to mani-
fest their restlessness. This spirit was encouraged by the Serbs in
Serbia, who inspired opposition to Austrian Government. Fearful
that other subject peoples might be aroused, Austria set about find-
ing an excuse for crushing her southern neighbor.

Her decision to make war upon Serbia was announced in 1913 to
her allies, Germany and Italy. Italy refused to be involved. Ger-
many saw further than Austria. She was hardly ready, as yet, for
the conflict that would ensue if Russia should come to the defense of
Serbia, so persuaded Austria to withhold the attack.

Francis Ferdinand Assassinated

The summer of 19 14 brought the event that was destined to make
longer suppression of European unrest iinpossible. During a visit
which Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-
Hungary, made to the southern provinces of the monarchy, the
archduke and his wife were mortally wounded by pistol shots, while
driving through the streets of Serajevo on June 28th. The assassin
was proved to be an Austrian Serb, whose ofifense was the more in-
criminating because he was a member of a secret organization of
Serbians whose purpose was to secure a final union of all Serbian
provinces into the Kingdom of Serbia. The crime stirred all of Eu-
rope. Furthermore, it gave Austria occasion to attempt to settle
the conflict with Serbians.

The intrigue of Germany to bring about war soon became appar-
ent. Statesmen and generals of Austria and Germany were in con-
ference on July 5th, at Potsdam, where, it is assumed, was reached

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 413

the agreement to crush the Serbs. Even though Russia might come
to their assistance Germany, being fully prepared, was not averse
to taking advantage of the situation created to open the way for a
general European war.

Among the demands for accountability which Austria made upon
Serbia the most humiliatiing was that in which the great power in-
sisted upon the privilege of taking part in the investigation and sup-
pression of anti-Austrian activities. This demand was in conflict
with Serbian sovereignty. The note, dated July 23d, allowed the
Serbians only until 6 o'clock, July 25th, in which to make a reply.
Response was made within the time limit, consenting to all demands
except the ofifensive one above noted. Serbia further suggested
that possible differences be submitted to The Hague Tribunal. Aus-
tria professed that the response was unsatisfactory. In less than
an hour after the Serbian note was delivered, the Austrian minister
addressed the Serbian government stating: "That not having re-
ceived a satisfactory answer within the time limit set, he was leav-
ing Belgrade." Preparations for war were at once made by Aus-
tria-Hungary and on July 28th she declared war.

England Offers Mediation

Great Britain, France, and Italy immediately set in motion means
to preserve peace. As early as July 26th, it was suggested by Sir
Edward Grey, British foreign minister, that representatives of Ger-
many, England, France, and Italy might conceive a plan of settle-
ment which would be acceptable to both Austria and Russia. Ger-
many remained obdurate against any spirit of cooperation to this
end. She only asked that Austria be permitted to deal with Serbia
in her own way.

In the light of the heavy mobilization of Austrian forces which
followed it seemed apparent that Austria was preparing to fight Rus-
sia also — and Russia prepared for the conflict. Germany held
out against any action which might have avoided war — even went
so far as to ignore a suggestion from the Czar of Russia that the
Austro-Serbian question be submitted to The Hague Tribunal.

Ostensibly in the fear that the mobilization of Russian forces was

414 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

a threat of war, Germany, on July 31st, sent ultimatums to both Rus-
sia and France. She demanded of Russia that preparations for war
be stopped. Of France she demanded a statement within eighteen
hours as to whether that country would remain neutral in case of
war between Germany and Russia. Before the German people the
Kaiser tried to create the impression that "the sword is being forced
into our hand."

Russia refused the demand of Germany. Immediately Germany
declared war upon the Czar's country. On August 3d, after learn-
ing that France would stand by her ally, Germany extended her dec-
laration of war to include France. Thus was set in motion the most
stupendous military conflict of all ages.

Immediately a contingency arose upon which Germany had not
counted. Her military leaders believed that Great Britain would
not enter the war. Yet behind this was the deliberate intention that
when she had made herself supreme on the Continent that England's
turn would come.

Provisions of the Triple Entente did not demand that England
join France and Russia in case of war.

In spite of a treaty in which she agreed to respect the neutrality
of Belgium, Germany chose a route through the little kingdom as the
shortest road to France; hence, England, pledged to support of Bel-
gium's neutrality, demanded that Germany desist from such a course.
Germany refused, and on August 4th England declared war. With-
in a period of one week, successive declarations of war had brought
Russia, England, and France at war against Germany and Austria-
Hungary. Italy remained neutral.

First Year of the War

German militarists planned to crush France before Russia's forces
could be mobilized; then, with France under her heel, turn to the
east and overcome Russia. Speed must be made in reaching France;
hence, the need for a short line of travel and the commission of one
of the greatest national crimes of history.

Because of heavy fortifications and easily defended territory, the
most direct route from the German border to Paris was not attempt-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 415

ed. The aggressors decided to attack from the northwest, over a
comparatively level plain through Belgium and up to Paris itself.
Depending upon the neutrality of Belgium, which had been guar-
anteed by treaties with Germany, Russia, France, and England,
France had never built fortifications in this direction. In violation
of this treaty, contemptuously referred to by the German chancellor
as "a scrap of paper," Germany violated the neutrality of Belgium,
hoping to crush France before the world could enforce any protest.

Belgium resisted the invasion firmly, delaying the Germans ten
days. During that time the intruders inflicted heavy punishment on
the defenders of their homeland; but the delay gave France time to
move her troops to a point of vantage and for England to put 100,-
000 soldiers at the front. Paris was not captured, nor was France
conquered.

The little kingdom of Luxemburg, imagining itself secure under
the same guarantee that had been given to Belgium, was without any
army, and was soon occupied.

On the 4th of August German forces attacked the fortress of
Liege, in Belgium, and by the 27th the country, with the exception
of Antwerp, was in the hands of Germany. The first conflict of
German troops against French and English forces occurred August
2ist-23d, when the defensive was pushed back toward Paris for
twelve days, to a point within twenty miles of the city. Fearful lest
Paris be captured, government archives were moved to Bordeaux.
The line of battle now covered one hundred and seventy-five miles
from near Paris to the fortress of Verdun.

Then occurred the first battle of the Marne, September 6th-ioth,
when General Jofifre hurled against the Germans a secretly collected
army and drove them back fifty miles from their nearest advanced
position. With a renewed sense of security the French capital was
returned to Paris.

The river Aisne afforded for the retreating German armies a place
to entrench themselves and more firmly resist the push of the French
and English. Each side of the river was occupied by opposing
armies. The Germans, hopeful of capturing Calais, in order thus
to cut off communication between England and France, made a dash
for the North Sea. Antwerp was captured on October 9th, Lille

4i6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

on the 13th. Then followed the battle of Flanders, October 17th
to November 15th, when by massed attacks the Germans lost 150,-
000 men in a vain effort to break through the British lines. Belgian
dikes of the river Yser were cut and the lowlands flooded in order
to stop the push of the enemy.

With the opposing armies in a deadlock the tactics of trench war-
fare were adopted on a front of over three hundred miles. Germany,
with possession of practically all of Belgium and the richest manu-
facturing districts of France, began a reign of horrible barbarities
and systematic frightfulness wholly in conflict with The Hague Con-
ventions, with a view to reducing the population to a state of ser-
vility. Machinery was stolen from factories; heavy fines imposed
upon cities, and the country was plundered. Belgium was saved
from starvation only by the humanitarian eflforts of friends in France,
England, and America. More than two hundred thousand people
were forced into industrial slavery.

Turn to Eastern Front

Delay of the program in the west enabled Russia to assemble an
army in Russian Poland, from whence the forces moved to drive the
Germans out of East Prussia and the Austrians from Galicia. When
the Russian armies entered East Prussia in the middle of August
their first efforts met with success. But they were met by German
reenforcements in a marshy lake region and in the battle of Tannen-
berg, August 26th-3ist, Von Hindenburg's army captured 70,000
Russians and large quantities of supplies. The aggressors were
compelled to retire from East Prussia.

With the capture of the city of Lemberg and the fortress of
Przemysl, the Russian campaign in Galicia was counted more suc-
cessful. The Russian army crossed the difficult passes of the Car-
pathian Mountains in order to make a series of raids upon the plains
of northern Hungary.

With the end of the year 1914 it was counted that the Russian sit-
uation was disappointing. The campaign in East Prussia had failed,
while an offensive in Galicia was successful. The advance toward
Berlin could not be attempted. An important feature of her activities

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 417

was that she had drawn German troops away from the western front.
Austria, with part of her forces engaged in defense against the
Russians, attempted to overwhehn the Serbians and met with disas-
trous defeat. A counter Serbian offensive was repulsed and was
pushed back on her own soil. The Austrians secured control of Bel-
grade, the Serbian capital, for twelve days in early December, but
were driven out.

Turkey Becomes Belligerent

Turkey, professedly neutral at the beginning of the war, soon de-
veloped a friendliness for the Central Powers. Germany, hav-
ing had a large influence in the training of the Turkish army, was
in a position to practically dominate the policies of that country. A
secret treaty, formulated as early as August 5th, united the two
countries for war purposes. Without having declared war, Turkey,
in October, attacked a Russian fort on the Black Sea and destroyed
French and Russian vessels at Odessa. Whereupon, Russia declared
war upon Turkey. Soon after Great Britain and France declared
war upon Turkey.

With the entrance of Turkey into the conflict, Germany hoped for
a religious war, which did not materialize. Germany hoped further
that Turkey would keep Russia engaged.

Germany, unable to furnish naval protection for the Pacific pos-
sessions, lost all of them in the first four months of the war. This
loss robbed her of coaling stations and interrupted her plans to make
war on Allied commerce by means of fast cruisers. Germany had
hoped that the Boers in South Africa would take up arms against
Great Britain, but in this they were disappointed, for the Boers
promptly joined their mother country in the effort to capture Ger-
many's colonies in Africa. The struggle continued for three years.
The last of the colonies, German East Africa, surrendered in De-
cember of 1917-

Some Naval Activity

At the opening of the war, Germany's fleet, built up at a cost of
a billion and a half dollars, was hardly two-thirds as strong as the
British fleet. The design of the German navy must be to so weaken

4i8 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

the British fleet that it could not assure safety to EngUsh trade in
munitions or suppHes, nor protect transportation of troops from Eng-
land or her colonies to the various fronts.

Two definite tasks faced the British navy. The German fleet must
be bottled up in port; and such portions of it as were some distance
from home must be searched out and destroyed before they could
get out and destroy British commerce. After a review of the Brit-
ish Grand Fleet in July, 19 14. the fleet was at once assigned to the
first of these tasks.

These two strong belligerents adopted the same plan for the de-
fense of their respective sea coasts — that of laying fields of mines,
so placed that they would float in the sea just under the water and
so arranged as to explode on contact with the hull of a ship. Cer-
tain open channels were reserved through these fields of mines for
such traffic as was welcome and could be advised of the safe route
to be followed.

The first conflict between any portions of the two navies occurred
August 28, 1914, in the waters between the German coast and the
Island of Helgoland, a distance of eighteen miles. Two destroy-
ers and three cruisers were lost to the German contenders, and
although every British vessel returned to port, some were badly bat-
tered. A German fleet that was in China, and which slipped out of
port a few days before the outbreak of war, did considerable damage
before being disposed of by the British navy.

By the close of 1914, thanks to the etTorts of the British navy, the
German navy was bottled up in ports back of their mine fields, German
merchant ships were afraid to hazard trips out of neutral ports, and
commerce raiders were made ineft'ective.

The War in 1915

Compared with actions in previous wars, some of the engagements
during the year 191 5 might be considered as major events, yet no
material advantage accrued to either side during this year. The
Germans introduced poison gas; which inspired the invention of the
gas mask as a measure of protection. Later the Allies adopted the
use of gas in bombs and shells in order to fight the Germans with

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 419

their own medicine. The use of Hquid fire by the Germans proved
almost as dangerous to the one who employed it as to the enemy.

During the month of February the campaign of Gallipoli opened,
with its objective the capture of Constantinople. Here the Allies
lost heavily in a siege which lasted practically all year and termi-
nated with discouraging results.

Though Przemysl was captured by the Russians in March, the
Russians were involved in a disastrous campaign in East Prussia,
in which they lost 100,000 prisoners in addition to 150,000 killed and
wounded, against a German army commanded by Von Hindenburg.

When Germany and Austria assumed the offensive a general re-
treat of the Russian armies in Galicia and Poland was made neces-
sary. Przemysl and Lemberg were recaptured, and 65,000 square
miles of thickly-populated territory in Russian Poland were captured
by the Central Powers.

Prejudiced by past events, Bulgaria entered the conflict by declar-
ing war upon Serbia, thus definitely taking her stand as an ally of the
Central Powers. Timing an invasion of Serbia with another by
Austria the countries of Serbia and Montenegro were not only con-
quered, but horrible cruelties were inflicted upon the population.

On the eastern front the year of 191 5 had been a year of failure.
The Gallipoli campaign had been a humiliation for the Allies. The
Russians had been driven from Russian Poland and from the Aus-
trian province of Galicia. Bulgaria had joined the Central Powers,
linking Austria-Hungary with Turkey. Serbia, the country whose
quarrel had been the occasion of the whole world struggle, had been
conquered by the enemies of the Allies.

Italy entered the war in May, 191 5, with a declaration of hostili-
ties against Austria, and a year later extended it to include Germany.
Three reasons prompted this action : ( i ) . Her old enmity toward
Austria; (2) her desire to annex the neighboring territory inhabit-
ed by Italians, but ruled by Austria; and (3) her feeling that Aus-
tria was opposed to the interests of Italy in the Balkans.

Geographical conditions favored Austria, but Italy pursued her
course with vigor. Well protected mountain passes protected the

420 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Austrians, yet by December Italy occupied positions well within the
Austrian frontier.

During the year 191 5 the Allies continued to control the sea and
make more effective the blockade against Germany. Restriction of
commerce affected the trade of the United States with Germany, and
with neutral nations, who, it was suspected, were in turn supplying,
goods to Germany. This course on the part of England drew forth
protests from America and resulted in a course of correspondence
that continued until this country entered the war. Because of trans-
shipments made by neutral countries to Germany the blockade was
enforced against neutrals as well as belligerents.

Germany, skeptical as to the usefulness of the submarine, purchased
only four of these craft when the war began. The sinking of three
British cruisers demonstrated the value of them, and though they
were powerless against properly-armed vessels it was realized that
they would be effective against merchant ships. Before long num-
bers of them were placed in the waters around the British Isles.
Larger ships which were sent to sea were protected against subma-
rines by patrols of lighter and faster crafts and by great nets made
of heavy wire cables.

In the spirit of retaliation, Germany declared a blockade of the
British Isles. Yet because she could not convey captured neutral
ships to German ports the submarines would sink them. The United
States and all neutrals protested against any policy which would
disregard the lives of the people on board ships so attacked.

Then, on May 7, 191 5, occurred the sinking of the Lusitania, with
the loss of twelve hundred lives, many of them women and children.
Of the number one hundred and fourteen were Americans.

The German campaign of frightfulness was furthered by coast
raids upon the defenseless towns of Yarmouth, Whitby, and Scar-
borough, where no military ends were accomplished, though hun-
dreds of old men, women, and children were killed or wounded. The
German hope in this campaign was that this reign of terror would
create a clamor for peace. A German squadron which attempted
such a raid in January, 191 5, was overtaken and defeated by British
war ships.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 421

Immense dirigible balloons, known as Zeppelins, that had been
used for observation and for dropping bombs on Antwerp, were now
sent over England to create terror among the inhabitants of defense-
less towns. Up to October, 1917, there were thirty-four such raids,
resulting in the death of nearly one thousand persons and wounding
three times as many. Instead of creating a demand for peace these
raids only increased the determination of the British to overcome
their enemies.

Retaliatiory raids, into Germany, directed mainly against railroad
and munitions factories, brought forth a demand that air raids on
places not in the military area should be stopped, so that the Ger-
man cities should not be bombed in retaliation.

England came to the conclusion that the war, in conformity with
the prediction of Lord Kitchener, was to be of long duration, and
began to prepare accordingly, both in the overseas dominions, and
in the mother country.

The War in 1916

With twenty thousand men on each mile of the front for a distance
of twenty-five miles, Germany prepared to attempt the capture of
Verdun, one of the most strategic positions, and thereby demonstrate
that the German army was invincible. A struggle which began in
February continued until July. A bitter fire of artillery, machine
guns, and rifles mowed down the Germans like grain; yet reenforce-
ments continued to face the slaughter. The French battle cry, "They
shall not pass," was ever the inspiration of the defenders who suffer-
ed terribly. Germany lost a half million men before her leaders de-
cided to abandon this campaign.

Before the issue of this conflict was determined the French and
British took the offensive along the Somme River in July, driving
the Germans back on a front of twenty miles to a maximum depth of
about nine miles. The aggressors did not succeed in making a break
in the enemy line, but pushed it back. This proved a relief to the
Verdun sector for it attracted part of the German army to the west.
At this stage of the conflict British tanks were first introduced. (E. L.
Gr^en of Storm Lake took part in this action.)

422 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Aircraft became constantly more useful in the prosecution of the
war, not only for observation and photography, but for battle and
bombing uses. The development of this adjunct of warfare was
more rapid than that of any other agency or implement.

Russia made a successful campaign in Armenia in the earlv montlis
of 1916, inflicting serious defeats upon the Turkish forces, with the
ultimate result of preventing them from making an invasion of
Egypt. On the whole, this campaign was a very serious blow to the
power of Turkey in Asia Minor.

The English had less success in a campaign in Mesopotamia when,
after a campaign in the year 191 5, forces and supplies failed to reach
General Townshend in time and he was compelled to surrender at
Kut-el-Amar, about 100 miles below Bagdad, on April 29, 1916.

General Brusilov led an army of Russians into a successful inva-
sion of Austria-Hungary, capturing hundreds of thousands of Aus-
trian prisoners and causing Austria to transfer troops from the Ital-
ian front. The year of 1916 closed with the Russians in a decidedly
more favorable military position than they had occupied a year before.

Roumania had long hoped for the annexation of the territory
known as Transylvania, in southeastern Austria, where lived two
million Roumanian speaking people. Encouraged by promises from
Russia, Roumania entered the war in August, 1916. Her western
front was impregnable. But danger lay between the Danube and
the Black Sea. Instead of planning for a defense here she sent her
armies into Transylvania. After her armies were a long way from
the base of supplies an arm}^ of Germans and Bulgarians marched
into Roumania through Dobrudja, in the southeastern corner and
marched north in a resistless offensive. A shortage of ammunition
probably caused by the failure of certain pro-German Russian offi-
cials to cooperate with the Roumanians as they had promised, con-
tributed to the downfall of the Roumanian forces. Germany forced
herself in until she practically occupied the country, cutting off a
long battle front and acquiring valuable oil and wheat fields.

Hardships on the Italian front during the winter of 1915-1916
were made unusually severe by abnormally cold weather conditions.
Snow laying thirty feet deep on some mountain tops made military

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 423

operations quite impossible. Austria assembled nearly 400,000 men
and vast supplies to push into Italy in a spring offensive. During
May and June, 1916, their efforts were successful, and Austria ad-
vanced dangerously close to the rich regions of the Po River but was
compelled to retire to defend an offensive begun by Russia on the
eastern frontier.

With Trieste as the objective, Italy began an advance across the
Isonzo River, then after months of struggle took the city and fortress
of Gorizia on August 9, 1916, and continued on to Trieste.

The British and German navies met in a battle off Jutland, the pen-
insula of Denmark, on May 31, 1916. After battling all day the
British fleet was reenforced. But when the Germans became aware
of the fact that the British fleet was strengthened they retired be-
behind the defense of mines and shore batteries. The issue of that
conflict was never decided. Both fleets lost heavily.

Submarine activities and sinkings increased during 19 16, but the
facts concerning this part of the war are more fully told in the chap-
ter on diplomatic negotiations. Out of a total of nearly 4,000,000
tons of shipping destroyed from the beginning of the war to January,
191 7, more than half was lost during 191 6.

Great Britain, which had been depending upon volunteer enlist-
ments, now found that in order to raise the necessary five million men
she must resort to the selective service system. This country met
with a new source of contention from an organization known as the
Sinn Fein, composed of the more radical of the home rule party in
Ireland. Promised assistance by Germany, the Sinn Fein opened a
rebellion April 24, 1916. It was soon put down and Sir Roger Case-
ment, one of the leaders, was executed for treason.

The War in 1917

Infantry activity was comparatively light during the winter of
1916-1917, but an unsuppressed fire was maintained by heavy artil-
lery. The spring plans of the Allies contemplated a great drive in
the region of the Somme River, but a general retirement of the Ger-
mans in March to what was known as the Hindenburg line carried
them back to a point one hundred miles in length between Arras and

424 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Soissons. During this retirement the Germans destroyed towns,
buildings, and orchards, leaving a terribly desolate waste, but aban-
doning a territory of thirteen hundred square miles.

British and French troops followed hard upon this retreat. Cana-
dian troops took Vimy Ridge on April 9th. The pursuit was not a
mere occupation of abandoned territory, but the French and British
became aggressive on more than one occasion, in the course of the
campaign capturing 50,000 prisoners, together with large quantities
of munitions. Territorial gains were made during the summer and
fall by Allied armies. Heavy artillery fire became almost constant.
It was during this campaign when, for three weeks, the French city
of Rheims was bombarded with German guns which fired 65,000
large calibre shells and inflicted seemingly irreparable damage on the
magnificent cathedral of that city.

The capture of two ridges known as Chemin des Dames and Pas-
schendaele constituted two important triumphs of this action, and
was made possible because the artillery was able to mount advanta-
geous positions. The French forced a retreat of the Germans over
a thirteen-mile front. (E. L. Greene, of Storm Lake, took part in
this action.)

In October the first American combat troops entered the lines in
the quiet Luneville sector. The First Division, Regular Army, had
the honor of being the first in line.

The First Division

Written by Glenn E. Clabaugh, Company C, Sixteenth Infantry :

The First Division landed in France June 26, 1917. For months
they were put through the hardest kind of training with the help of
the French Alpine Chasseurs, or "Blue Devils."

About the middle of October, 191 7, the first battalion of each regi-
ment was ordered to the trenches in the Toul sector for a ten-days'
stay, thereafter to be relieved by the second battalion of the four
regiments, and they in turn were relieved by the remaining bat-
talions.

This was known as a quiet sector, just the place to break in fresh
troops. It was cold and wet and very disagreeable on the night we
were to relieve the French. We were ordered not to make a sound

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 425

so for two kilometers we hiked along, whispering- our only conver-
sation; but when we reached the place we found the French talking
away, making more noise than a machine gun itself. For ten days
we passed through what I believe was the hardest experience of all
because all the time the Germans kept firing over us to our back area.

I don't believe that the first two or three nights a snake could have
crawled through our lines without being riddled with bullets.

It was at this time that the first American artillery was let loose.
Then we felt safe, because we were confident that our Fifth, Sixth,
and Seventh Field Artillery had all the French or any other artillery
cheated. The second battalion of the i6th were not so lucky as we
were, for they lost the first American lives and gave the first prison-
ers— but they also received the first French War Cross. Not being
with them I can not tell the story otherwise than it was told in the
regiment.

The Huns had undermined our wire entanglements and at a cer-
tain time they laid down a box barrage so fierce that it was impossible
to get any help to the boys thus inclosed. But they put up a grand
scrap against odds that were too strong — about two hundred Huns
against that handful of Americans. The Germans paid a heavy
price for every American life they took and the prisoners they cap-
tured, as the German dead numbered large, besides the ammunition
they wasted. It was a German failure, this, the first German-Ameri-
can engagement of the war.

New means of aggressive action, brought into use by the British,
made it possible to make an attack with less preliminary action. The
plan of attack up to this time had been to precede infantry attack with
long bombardments, which would of course give the enemy some idea
of what to expect. Now the English sent over a large number of
tanks, which broke down barbed wire entanglements and brought
about a new force with which to contend in trench fighting. It was
through the advantage of such an attack that the British successfully
surprised the Germans in the battle of Cambrai, November 20th to
December 13th.

A general review of steadily increasing accomplishments in air-
craft battle service will be of interest. The more successful of the
airplane pilots were designated as aces. A distinguished Frence
ace, who suffered death on September nth, was credited with the de-
struction of fifty-four enemy machines. As the number of machines

426 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

in use increased they were formed into escadrilles, or companies, of
varying numbers, sometimes being over one hundred. In 1916, as
many as 611 enemy machines were destroyed or damaged by Alhed
forces. In one period of fwenty-four hours in 191 7, forty-three air-
planes were destroyed by the French; while in another combat the
British brought down thirty-one enemy planes. German planes to
the number of 339 were destroyed by the Allies in one week in 19 18.
A single bombing expedition sent out October 9, 1918, by the Ameri-
can army numbered 350 airplanes in the flight.

Russia Fails the Allies

Early in 191 7, Russia failed the Allies. In withdrawing from the
conflict the Allied cause was for the time greatly weakened. A long
suppressed desire on the part of certain groups to overthrow the
Czar and his autocratic government now came to the front with in-
sistence that a more representative system of government be adopted.
Many conflicting ideas were brought forward. The Czar establish-
ed the Duma as a representative body, but even it lacked the power
to meet the hopes of the people. German intrigue was ever pres-
ent to weaken the unity and strength of the Russian Government and
found receptive spirits among corrupt Russian officials. Shortage
of food added to the discontent caused assemblages of the populace,
which were difficult to suppress. Out of all this developed the Rus-
sian Revolution. Soldiers and workingmen made a direct demand
upon the Duma for a representative government. Nicholas II was
informed that he was deposed : even army leaders were informed that
they must take orders from the representatives of the people. The
insurrection against the old government went so far that some of the
soldiers joined the revolutionists.

Following the abdication of the Czar on March 15th, a new gov-
ernment, with moderate reformers in the several departments, was
recognized by the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy.
Hope prevailed that the government would thus be stabilized and
continue in support of the Allied cause. Officials went so far as to
call elections in the several Russian provinces to elect delegates to an
assembly which should make a new constitution for Russia.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 427

But the more extreme socialists were hard to satisfy. Composed
of men who owned practically no property this party began an agi-
tation for the equal distribution of all wealth. Kerensky, the hope
of the stabilizing influences, promised to be a strong man, but later
proved unable to control the extremists. German intrigue persis-
ted in an effort to cultivate among the soldiers the belief that Ger-
many was their best friend. Kerensky combatted this propaganda
with speeches made at the front to the armies, and for a time the sol-
diers were kept in the spirit which inspired military successes against
the Germans and Austrians, with a promise of the recapture of Lem-
berg. Shortage of ammunition and the rapid spread of peace senti-
ment among the troops caused disorganization in the army with the
consequent retreat from Galicia. The Bolsheviki, the party of the
extreme socialists, drove Kerensky from Petrograd on November
7th, vmder the leadership of Lenine and Trotzky, whose efforts were
supported with large sums of money made available by Germany.

Upon securing control of afifairs the Bolsheviki made known their
desire for an immediate peace. They favored the division of the
land among the peasants. The newly-elected constitutional assem-
bly was not extreme enough to suit the ideas of the Bolsheviki and
was adjourned before it could accomplish anything. Lenine and
Trotzky were wielding the scepter of power as arbitrarily as any
Czar. An immediate armistice with Germany was arranged to take
efifect December 7th. This agreement did not stop the Germans
from their determination to overrun Russia, for they continued to
press on from Riga which they had captured in September.

Though denied the cooperation of Russia as contemplated for the
campaign in Mesopotamia, the British began in January, 191 7, an
ofifensive which was rewarded by the capture of Bagdad on March
nth, from the Turks. Another military success was recorded by
the British in Asia. Efforts of the Turks to seize the Suez Canal,
and thus to cut off British communication with the Far East, was
countered with an ofifensive in that region which began early in 191 7.
Up the Sinai Peninsula the British marched and against powerful
resistance from the Turks made slow progress north through Pales-
tine, sufifering occasional reverses. Operations were started during

428 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

the period of excessive heat, but in the fall the British continued their
progress through the Holy Land, and on December loth. General
Allenby captured the historical city of Jerusalem.

General rejoicing was felt that Jerusalem was again in the hands
of a Christian nation after seven centuries of Turkish control. The
accomplishment renewed the hope of Jews for the reestablishment of
a Jewish nation in Palestine. Its most important military signifi-
cance was that it freed the Suez Canal from hazard.

Italy was, in 191 7, still pursuing her campaign for the capture of
Trieste, which was only eleven miles beyond their most advanced
lines. It seemed that a two-years' campaign was to make possible
the incorporation of Trieste into the Italian kingdom. However,
large Austrian forces, relieved from duty in the east by the collapse
of the Russian offensive, returned to the Italian front. Germany,
facing reverses on the western front, was anxious to improve the
morale of her troops by making a better military showing on the
Italian front. Austrians and Germans united to crush the Italian
forces which were extended over a semi-circular front of 150 miles.
Austrian forces controlled the mountain passes, so that they could
attack this time where they would. German divisions assumed the
ofifensive on an already weakened front.

In a drive during the last three months of 191 7, the Austro-Ger-
man army drove the Italians back from Gorizia, recaptured moun-
tain positions which had formerly been taken by the Italians at enor-
mous cost, and caused heavy loss of men and materials. Italy was
spared the loss of Venice only by the arrival of British and French
assistance. The final stand was made by the Italians along the
Piave River.

Meanwhile, the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare by Ger-
many with its consequent offense against neutrals was gradually
drawing the United States into war. Soon after this country de-
clared its stand, Brazil and other South American countries either
broke off relations with Germany or declared war against her.

Argentine experienced a striking example of German treacher}^
While Argentine was at peace with Germany the German ambassa-
dor at Buenos Aires communicated to his government a wish that

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 429

Argentine ships might be spared from submarine attack; but, if not,
he suggested that they be sunk without leaving any trace — as ex-
pressed in German, "Spurlos Versenkt." This could not be accom-
plished without drowning and murdering the crews. Sweden was
involved in this vicious proceeding, for it was through connivance
with the Swedish minister that the message was forwarded in cipher
over allied cables.

The War in 1918

An effort to reach an agreement of peace, in which the initiative
was taken by Germany, is covered in the chapter on "Diplomatic Ne-
gotiations." Alertness of military forces was not relaxed during
the period of diplomatic correspondence, and when it resulted in fail-
ure to arrive at a basis of peace all was in readiness for the continu-
ance of the bitter struggle.

Russia was the only country whose conduct was affected by the
peace move. Through the Bolshevist leaders who were in control
of the government, armistice with the Central Powers was negoti-
ated. Consequently all fighting was stopped along the eastern front,
making thousands of German soldiers available to fight in the west.

Difficulties were experienced in arriving at a basis for a peace
treaty even after the armistice was signed. The peace council was
in session at Brest-Litovsk, a town in Russian Poland, from December
23, 1917, to February 10, 1918. Germany's demand to be permitted
to keep parts of Russia which she occupied was resisted by Russia
to the point that Germany finally opened military operations to en-
force her demands. Finally, Levine and Trotzky, Bolshevist lead-
ers, acceded to German occupation ; but, in spite of that, German forces
advanced to within seventy miles of Petrograd.

Unsettled conditions were further aggravated by the rebellion of
the people of Ukrania, in the southwestern corner of Russia, and of
Finland, in the northwest corner, against the Bolshevist Government.
Prompted by hopes of securing material resources in these territo-
ries, Germany encouraged them in their rebellion. However, Ger-
man control was not acceptable to the people, and this state of mind
interfered with Germany's realization of her hopes.

On March 3d, a treaty was finally signed at Brest-Litovsk between

430 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Russia and the Central Powers, by the terms of which Russia was
compelled to surrender her western provinces of Poland, Lithuania,
Livonia, Esthonia, and Courland; to recognize the independence of
Ukrania and Finland; to cede to Turkey certain important districts
south of the Caucasian Mountains ; and to pay a tremendous indemnity.

The insincerity of Germany in her talk of "no annexations and no
indemnities" was now evident. More humiliating acquiesence in
treaty demands has seldom been forced upon a vanquished nation.
It has been estimated that the treaties of Brest-Litovsk took from
Russia 4 per cent of her total area, 26 per cent of her population, 37
per cent of her foodstuffs production, 26 per cent of her railways,
33 per cent of her manufacturing industries, 75 per cent of her coal,
and ^2^ P^i" cent of her iron.

With the moral and military support of Russia lost, Roumania
made peace in the spring of 1918, with considerable loss of terri-
tory. She ceded to the enemy the whole of the Dobrudja and also
about 3,000 square miles of territory on her western frontier. The
Central Powers gained material supplies by lieing given control of
Roumania's extensive petroleum fields and rich wheat fields. Rou-
mania was later strengthened by the annexation of the Russian pro-
vince of Bessarabia, populated by people of the Roumanian race.
This was accomplished without force and by the voluntary action of
Bessarabia.

Hopeful that with some assistance Russia could solve the prob-
lems of the divergence of political feelings in her widespread pro-
vinces the United States and the other Allies continued to regard
Russia as a friendly nation. Serious complications presented them-
selves in the presence of an army of Czecho-Slovaks in the country.
These soldiers, native of the northwestern provinces of Austria-
Hungary, had originally fought in the Austrian army and had been
taken prisoners in the successful campaign which Russia had made
in Galicia. Their fighting for Austria wasnot altogether voluntary,
for their sympathies were with the Allied countries. After peace
was signed with Germany and Austria, fearing that they would
be called back to Austria, the Czecho-Slovak armies secured permis-
sion from the Bolshevik government to travel eastward through Rus-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 431

sia and Siberia to the Pacific, with the plan to ultimately take ship
to a point where they could join the armies of the Allies. The per-
mission to travel through the country was suddenly withdrawn, pre-
sumably at the demand of the German influences, but the Czecho-
slovaks, persistent in their course, were compelled to occasionally
combat Bolshevist troops, which in turn were assisted by German
and Austrian prisoners. Anti-Bolshevik Russians gave the Czecho-
slovaks assistance which enabled them to seize control of most of
the Siberian Railroad, and of parts of eastern Russia.

The United States and the Allies, deciding upon a course of mili-
tary intervention in Russia, placed an army of American and Japa-
nese troops on the east coast of Siberia to cooperate witth the Czecho-
slovaks. With this assistance at hand the latter abandoned any
plan to leave Russia, with the hope that they could aid the Allied
cause where they were. On the northern coast of Russia another
Allied force began operations against the Bolsheviki, which by this
time was conducting a campaign of pillage, murder, and rapine.
When larg'e districts north and east of Moscow declared themselves
free of Bolshevik rule new hopes for a democratic Russia were con-
ceived. (Anton Jonas, of Storm Lake, was in this Siberian action.)

From the Philippines to Siberia

Written by Theodore Nielsen of Alta, Company F, Twenty-seventh
Infantry, Twenty-eighth Division.

Nielson enlisted in Company F of the Twenty-seventh Infantry as
a private on January 18, 1918, and was first stationed at Fort Mc-
Dowell. His company sailed for Manila on February 5th and land-
ed on March 8th. He was promoted to the rank of sergeant. From
the time that he reached Manila he had many exciting experiences.
He tells in his own words the story of his experience in Sibeiria.
Speaking of his training at Manila he says :

There started my soldiering career as a soldier of the great war,
not knowing that on the seventh of August we would sail for Siberia.
We arrived at Vladivostok on the fifteenth, and after a two days'
stay we started northwest on the Trans-Siberian Railroad, taking up
railroad guard duty at Ragedonia until August 22d. We were then

432 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

again moved north to Svaggano where owing to Bolshevik activities
we were forced to leave the railroad and start hiking in heavy march-
ing order through the swamps of Siberia to some place where we
could again proceed on the railroad. The Japanese cavalry fur-
nished our advance guard, keeping the enemy well under control, but
rain caused impassible roads. Trouble with the heavy wagons, long
hikings, and expected attacks made life miserable. However, none
came and the Japanese airplanes hovering overhead gave us assur-
ance of no ambush.

Thus we continued through muddy swamps and seemingly un-
ceasing rains for six days, finally arriving at Usuria on the banks
of the river of the same name, a distance of ninety miles from our
starting point. Footsore, weary and ragged, a sorry looking skele-
ton regiment was the Twenty-seventh.

After a two days' rest more men from the States arrived, bringing
each company to war strength. But conditions were still tough, as
the month of September in Siberia brings frosty mornings and sleep-
ing on the damp ground with only pup tents over one is not agree-
able. However, we did not fare so bad, as we were soon ordered to
our train for Habarousk to receive reenforcements and get located
for the winter. The city has a population of 50,000, and was not
very interesting except as an example of a Far Eastern city. On the
outskirts of the city we found huge brick barracks, with room enough
for thousands of soldiers. We took quarters on the south, and the
Japs and Cossacks were in other parts of the town.

IN ACTION

Our next move was to Ipasskoe where v.'c stayed for two weeks.
We were then ordered to march out and take the supposedly Bol-
shevik heights of Upspanko. On the night of June 9, 1919, we de-
trained at Smakofka, camping in pup tents along the railroad until
the morning of the tenth. We then started in heavy marching or-
der for our objective, Upspanko. A very high spirited bunch of
men were the three platoons of F Company under the command of
Major Wallace and assisted by our own Captain Killian. The rest
of the company was dropped at a station a few miles south of Sma-
kofka called Krienske. Twenty-three men, commanded by Lieu-
tenant Rick, were dropped as a guard against railroad attack as the
company advanced on their objective. It was found that the roads
being impassable, a detour must be made, coming into the town from
the rear instead of marching direct. After plodding along for twelve

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 433

weary miles we finally stopped at a Russian monastery for the night,
finding fair quarters in a barn.

At 5 130 the next morning we were on our way, passing through
a little village whose inhabitants thought we were Cecho-Slovak
troops. We halted at noon in a woods where a much needed rest and
a fine dinner was had. While we were eating an enemy patrol was
sighted a quarter of a mile away on the hills, so after resting some
our march was resumed.

We had only fairly started when our advance patrol signaled the
sight of the enemy outpost, but we continued on our way. After a
short rest we started out again, weary and hot. We were startled
by the sharp crack of a lone rifle followed by a burst of rifle fire over
our heads. The lone shot, the first fired by us, was the work of
Corporal Murphy of the advance patrol firing on the retreating ene-
my's outpost. Never having been under rifle fire before, it was cer-
tainly a funny sensation. The Major shouted, "Down, and out of
the road," which was unnecessary as everybody was already down
as close to the earth as they could get.

The enemy was holding a position on top of a hill about fifteen
hundred yards from our left front, and there was a small detachment on
our right rear that poured a heavy rifle fire, mostly over our heads.
But after our automatic rifles got the range the enemy was soon dis-
persed, leaving several dead and wounded behind. The firing last-
ed about twenty minutes, and judging from the amount of steel and
lead coming over our heads we estimated that enemy to be about 250
strong. When we were able to look around after the firing ceased
we found that good fortune had followed us as we had only five wound-
ed, one seriously and the others slightly. It took quite a while to
get squared around, and after getting twelve prisoners pumped of
information and the guard out, night was coming on. We tried for
a few winks of sleep, but the second platoon was ordered to take the
town of Upspanko, still two miles away.

At 2 o'clock in the morning the second platoon moved forward to-
ward the town expecting resistance at every step, but finding none,
took possession of the town at 4 o'clock. A few enemy stragglers
were shot and some killed while running through the streets. We
camped on a hill by the church overlooking the river and nothing of
interest occurred other than the receipt of a few notes from the ene-
my asking why we fired on them and advising us to return to the
railroad. We did this on the fifteenth, starting at 5 :30 a. m., and
after a twelve-mile hike arrived at Krieske. When we reached the
railroad we learned that our small detachment at Krieske had been

434 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

attacked by i8o Bolsheviki, and after an hour of hot work had dis-
persed the enemy. They lost one man killed and one wounded.

After a few days' rest the company was again split up into four de-
tachments, and for three months we were on duty guarding the rail-
road. Then came the orders to prepare to return to the good old
U. S. A. We left Vladivostok October 7th at 8 o'clock in the morn-
ing, and landed at Hong Kong, China, October nth. We left on
the I2th, and landed at Manila on the morning of the 14th; we left
Manila on the i6th and landed at Honolulu on the 26th. We ar-
rived in 'Frisco on the ist of November, and I got my discharge on
the 3d.

Germany's renewal of military operations, after her peace pro-
posals had failed to meet any acceptance, contemplated a vigorous
and harsh offensive to the west. She sought to enforce conditions
that were not accepable to the Allies by choice. Confident that the
United States could not get any large number of troops to France
before 1918, she was anxious to crush France before assistance
would be available. With that accomplished, the plan was to con-
tinue into England and overwhelm that country.

New miliary tactics were developed, and confident that they would
be effective, German military leaders determined to stake their all
upon this offensive. Confident of superior numbers, they planned
three new methods which were expected to be effective. The first
of these contemplated more of a surprise attack than had been pos-
sible with the use of the immense barrages previously used, which
in themselves announced the attack. Men were moved to the front
by night marches, hidden in the woods, beneath smoke screens, and
various sundry means of camouflage. When the zero hour arrived
they were then able to attack opposing trenches quickly and unex-
pectedly. Artillery of large caliber and in greater numbers was as-
sembled, to throw destructive shell-fire upon the roads and supply
routes behind the opposing army, as well as against the trenches.
Highways, railways, and bridges were thus to be destroyed to the
rear of the Allied lines. Smothering "mustard" gas was discharged
in large shells to incapacitate reserves, motor transport drivers, and
even the horses and mules used in transport service, By this means
the Allied forces would be so confused that they could not effectively

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 435

concentrate their forces. The third new plan was to organize a se-
quence of "shock troops" to proceed in waves, each to reheve the
preceding wave when that one became exhausted or thinned out.
The ultimate hope was to separate the British from the French army,
to seize English Channel ports and interrupt the transportation of
troops and supplies from England to France, and by the capture of
Paris compel France to withdraw from the war. Subsequent events
will show why the Germans failed to realize these aims.

The battle of Picardy, between March 21st and July 15th, was di-
rected toward the first of the three previously stated objects. Near
the Somme River was the union of British and French. Here the
surprise attack netted considerable territory before French assist-
ance could be secured. With odds against them of three to one, the
British fell back, the point of greatest retreat being thirty miles
back of their former lines. Danger to the French city of Amiens
caused the British and French to stand firm. Early in 1918, a num-
ber of American divisions entered the lines, in quiet sectors, for
"Baptism of fire" and final training in preparation for impending
offensives or combat work.

Trench Warfare

Written by Fred J. Robinson, Company M, One Hundred Sixty-
eighth Infantry, Forty-second Division :

On the night of February 21, 19 18, at 10 o'clock, we left the town
of Baccarat where we had been in training for the front lines. Our
battalion was assigned to the support, or second line. This line ran
through the village of Pexonne, where we were located, and was
about three kilometers from the front lines. This line was prac-
tically out of range of rifle fire, but well inside of artillery range.

The sector was known as a quiet sector. Both the French and
the enemy had been using this sector for training recruits and to rest
men of the older outfits who might be enjoying relief. The activity
on this front consisted mostly of artillery engagements, with an oc-
casional raid. There had been no material change in this line since
the first year of the war. Our division was stationed on this front
for 125 days without reHef.

On the night of March 8th our battalion received orders to move

436 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

up to the front line trench to reheve the first battaUon. Just at the
edge of the village of Badonvillers we entered the communicating
trench in single file and about eight feet apart. This communicat-
ing trench was dug in a zig zag line so that the enemy could not fire
through the length of the trench. It was about the same depth as
that on the front line, five to six feet, and not much more than wide
enough for a man to walk through. We reached the front line in
about an hour and a half. No lights whatever were allowed, and
no smoking now. The front line trench was arranged in a zig zag
line, with narrow trenches dug forward at short distances for post
guards and as listening posts. Two of us would be on guard in
these outposts for two hours at a time, then relieved for two hours,
and so on for the twenty-four hours. Sometimes when the outpost
was fairly close to the enemy lines we could hear them talk. But
hardly ever did we get to see any of the enemy, excepting in the
early morning when we could see them away ofif in the distance
against the sky line back of their lines. In front of the trench was
strung barbed wire to guard against a surprise attack. Our two
hours off guard were spent in dug-outs. These were cut into the
front sides of the trench on a slant, with an opening like an outside
cellar door. They were cut down from ten to fifteen feet below the
surface of the ground and were comparatively safe excepting from
our own shell fire dropping short, which happened occasionally. The
dug-outs were about eight feet wide, eighteen feet long, and nine
feet high. Bunks built in three tiers would accommodate fifteen to
twenty men.

Our first night in the front lines and until noon of the next day
was particularly quiet. Hardly a shot could be heard, excepting at
a great distance. Shortly after noon our artillery put over a bar-
rage for four hours in preparation for a large raid which our com-
pany and Company F and three French companies were to make.
The zero hour was 5 :05 p. m. Promptly at the time specified we
climbed out of our trenches on ladders, formed our lines, and started
advancing toward the German lines. The Germans were giving us
heavy artillery and machine gun fire; the latter coming principally
from three aeroplanes just over vis at a height of about one hundred
yards. We had been advancing twenty minutes when a machine
gun bullet from one of the aeroplanes struck my left arm. The
hole went through on a slant from above. The wound was not
painful or serious enough to keep me from advancing with the rest
of the outfit. After taking the second line of German trenches we
returned to our own trenches. In the meanwhile the three enemy

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 437

aeroplanes had been dropped b}^ the American fire. In the whole ad-
vance the only Germans I saw were the men on the three aeroplanes.
Our two companies, however, captured three Germans during the
raid. We returned to our trench a little after 6 o'clock. Upon our
arrival there the sergeant of our platoon applied first aid bandages
to my arm. At 10 o'clock we were relieved and I was sent to the
hospital.

So far as action was concerned our time in the Luneville sector
does not compare with later actions, but nevertheless I believe that
most of us will remember it about as much as any other.

A Close Shave

Charles V. Gilchrist, Company M, One Hundred Sixty-Eighth
Regiment, a Lee Township soldier, puts more valuation upon time
than most doughboys. He barely escaped death by one minute, just
sixty seconds by the clock, while on the Lorraine front in May, 1918.

"I was on guard duty one day," says Charles in the Des Moines
Register and Leader, "when another fellow in the company relieved
me from duty. I had just stepped from the post and he took my
place, when over came a shell and killed him instantly. I had just
been gone a minute from my post."

Private Gilchrist was detained as a patient at Fort Des Moines
after returning to this country.

Unity oe Command

Now it became apparent that a unified command would be essen-
tial in governing the movements of the Allies ; whereupon the French
General Foch was designated for the important station as comman-
der-in-chief of Allied forces. Even before this General Pershing
had ofifered the American army of 200,000 men to be used wherever
it would be most effective.

The British were the victims of the second assault, made this
time in Flanders, farther to the north, in the territory between Ypres
and Arras, a distance of thirty miles. An assault of ten days' dura-
tion netted an advance of ten miles to the Germans. Yet because
of the desperate resistance of the British the German losses were
great. When the advance was finally checked it meant that the Chan-
nel ports were saved.

438 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The FiiiST Division at Cantigny

Written by Wm. G. Aitken, first lieutenant, Machine Gun Company,
Twenty-sixth Infantry, First Division:

On that memorable day when the Allied commanders placed their
confidence in one man, Marshal Foch, and made him commander-in
chief, the First Division of the United States army, composed of
the First Brigade, comprised of the Sixteenth and Eighteenth regi-
ments of Infantry; the Second Brigade, comprising the Twenty-sixth
and Twenty-eighth regiments of Infantry; the First regiment of En-
gineers; the First, Second and Third battalions of the Machine Gun
Corps, and the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Field Artillery, was in the
line at Mount See. Major General R. L. Bullard was in command
of the division.

Rumors came thick and fast about a coming movement, and men
and officers alike were eager to get out of a quiet sector. Finally
orders came, and the Twenty-sixth or "Yankee Division" took over
this sector from the First Division on the nights of April ist and 2d.
By march and truck train our division moved to Camp Bois L' Evique,
just southeast of Toul, where we enjoyed our first bath since about
January 15th, at which time the First Brigade went into the line.

New equipment such as could be secured was issued, travel rations
were issued and everything was made ready for a long, hard move,
we knew not where. On April 5th we entrained at Moran and after
a 300-mile journey we detrained April 8th at Mern, a beautiful little
village about forty kilometers northwest of Paris.

After about two weeks of grueling training the First Brigade
relieved the exhausted French on the night of April 24th, while the
Second Brigade moved to support positions in the vicinity of Frois-
sy. But our time was coming, for after three weeks of terrific de-
fensive work the Second Brigade moved up to relieve the First Bri-
gade, the Twenty-sixth Infantry relieving the Sixteenth Infantry in
the Broyes sector. This relief was efifected on the night of May
15th, a night so quiet that it seemed to presage a storm, and shortly
after daybreak on the i6th we were thinking the storm had Ijroken,
for the Boche artillery fire was terrific.

The importance of the First Division's position may be realized
when I say that we were at the very apex of the advanced German
salient, with orders to hold at all costs, for the loss of a few miles
would cripple the railroads to northern France, and Amiens, a large
railroad center a few miles northwest of us, would have to be given

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 439

up. This disaster would have had the effect of isolating- the British
army from the rest of the western front; hence our position on the
apex was of critical importance.

On the night of May 27th we felt the fangs of the enemy, but the
"Fighting First" not only held their ground but made the enemy
pay a heavy toll. In the vicinity of Belle Assise Farm the fighting
was very heavy with Companies I and K, Third Battalion of the
Twenty-sixth, bearing the brunt of it.

But the "High Command" had more in store for us, for the ac-
tion of May 27th seemed but a "test action" on the part of the Boche
to feel out our strength in preparation for something larger. The
Twenty-eighth Infantry had been training for nearly a week, and at
daybreak on May 28th the artillery opened a terrific fire, driving the
enemy to their shelter, and at 6:30 a. m. ,the Twenty-eighth went
over the top. Taking Cantigny inside of an hour, our troops were
digging in and consolidating the position on the ridge just back of
the village almost before the first prisoners arrived at the rear.

The casualties were slight in taking the village — yet the six
terrific counter attacks reaped a heavy toll, not only from the Twenty-
eighth but also from the First Battalion of the Twenty-sixth, just
on the right of the Twenty-eighth, as Major Roosevelt and his men
beat back two heavy counter-attacks. Major Roosevelt showed
great courage and bravery in remaining at his post, for he was near-
ly blind from gas received the day before. Through his battalion
adjutant he directed all movements of his men and out-matched the
Hun at every move.

Little did we, up there in our fox holes, know of the importance
of our "little" victory, for it was on the same date, May 28th, that
the Hun cut his way through to Chateau Thierry and thus placed Paris
in immediate danger of capture. When the news of our victory
■reached the other forces it proved that a great counter-oft'ensive was
possible and it proved to the AUies that the men from the U. S. A.
could fight and win at all times. The effect of this news in cheer-
ing up the war-weary men of England and France was almost magi-
cal. The sector continued active, but the only excitement we had
was in pulling off almost nightly raids in order to keep in touch with
enemy movements and changes in divisions opposite us.

Again rumors were floated about a relief by the Second Division,
but such relief was denied us at this time, for the Second Division
had been rushed to Chateau Thierry, where the marines and
"doughboys" fighting side by side made a name for the American
soldier that will long stand at the top. Finally, on the night of July
7, 1918, the Two Hundred Ninety-fourth French Infantry and the

440 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Nineteenth Chasseurs reheved us and we bade good-bye to trench
warfare.

Our casualties at Cantigny had been heavy, and men and officers
who marched out on the night of July 7th did so with hearts aching
for the comrades and friends who were left behind to lie forever on
the beautiful fields of Picardy.

' We supposed we were headed for a rest, but after two days at Han-
divillers we were recalled by the French command as corps reserves,
being stationed at Camprenny. On July 13th we mounted trucks
at St. Eusoye for an all-night ride to the vicinity of Ermonville,
thirty kilometers northwest of Paris, and we were but nicely settled
amid beautiful surroundings and with splendid billets when, on the
evening of July 15th, the French camions appeared again, and again
we left on our way to the front after a rest of but a few days. Day-
break found the Twenty-sixth Infantry on the eastern edge of the
Compiegne Woods, on the hillside just above the village of Palesne.

The peace and quiet under the giant evergreens could hardly be
imagined by one who was not there — a beautiful, warm day with
the murmur of the wind through the trees, everyone at ease — again
the hush and quiet preceding a storm prevailed, and many of the
boys who slept that day under the evergreens would never sleep the
earthly sleep, for that night we moved up to — Soissons.

Glen Clabaugh of Sioux Rapids, was also in this action.

Cognac for Disturbed Nerves

Writing early in June, 1918, Lieutenant WiUiam G. Aitken told
the following amusing incident:

I shaved and washed my hands and face today, which was poor
judgment on my part for now I will have to go thirsty until up. m.
when the water detail and our one hot meal a day wilk arrive. Last
night a chunk of shell knocked a hole in the boiler that the chow
wagon was bringing the colTee up in, and if you ever in your life
saw a mad bunch of men you should have seen those men when we
got no coflfee. I believe they would have gone right through to
Berlin if it hadn't been such a long walk.

I'll have to include in this letter before I close a funny thing that
occurred last night. Two of my men were sent back about three
miles to guide a carrying party up with some material for the work-
ing parties. They started back at dusk and were hiking along the
road at a pretty good rate, when one of them kicked something ly-
ing on the road. He investigated and found a bottle of three star

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 441

cognac, and as both were men who held duty first, they were going
to keep it for a time when they were off duty. But — they had only
gone a step or two when they both fell down into a big shell hole.
The one carrying the bottle came in contact with a man's leg and the
other the right hand and part of the forearm of a French soldier.
The leg and arm of the man were all they could find, and it so unset-
tled them that they sat tight in that same shell hole and drank the
whole bottle of cognac; but I'm glad to say though feeling pretty
good both of them were not at any time unfit for duty. To finish
the story, the French officer in charge of a liaison post near my posi-
tion was over to see me just before daybreak. He came over to see
if the man whom he had sent back for some wine and cognac, had
bv chance found his way to my post instead of his own. Of course
I told him about my men finding the bottle of cognac and the pieces
of a French soldier. He went back to his post, a little out of temper,
because he had to go without his wine for dinner that day. It must
have been a ten-inch shell at least that killed the Frenchman, but it
will always be a puzzle to me how the bottle of cognac came through
unbroken.

For a month it was quiet while the German forces were being re-
organized. Though all plans were made by the Allies for an attack
between Soissons and the sea, the enemy again effected a surprise
by an attack between Rheims and Soissons, the weakest point in the
Allied line, with the expectation of opening the road to Paris. This
drive began May 27th. For a week results went against the French.
They fought valiantly in an effort to hold back the enemy from a ter-
ritory which they had not traversed since September, 1914. The
advance continued thirty miles, to within forty-four miles of Pans.
Again the Marne River was the line of conflict, and the enemy con-
trolled the main roads from Paris to Verdun and to the eastern parts
of the Allied line.

Chateau Thierry First Great Test of Boche and Yank

From the Stars and Stripes:

From a strength reckoned by the Allies about 80,000 men on the
front between Coucy-le-Chateau and Reims on the evening of May
26, 1918, to a strength which they soon knew to be at least 145,000
men on the same front the following morning and over 200,000 on
the 28th — such was the surprise effect of superior numbers quickly

442 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

concentrated which the Germans, owing to their possession of the
initiative, were able to inflict upon their opponents in the third of
their great offensives of the spring and summer of igiS.

By the break in the AlHed hne which they thus accomphshed, par-
ticularly along the famous ridge of the Chemin des Dames, the Vllth
German Army, imder General von Boehn, operating toward Sois-
sons and to the east and west of it, and the 1st Army, under General
F. von Buelow, advancing to the eastward of the Vllth Army, with
the left wing of its attack near Reims, were able to pour swiftly south-
ward, forcing back before them the weary and outnumbered French
and British divisions, most of which had been sent to this "quiet" sec-
tor" to recuperate after their desperate fighting in the battles of
April and May in Picardy and Flanders.

For a few days following the 27th, the situation looked dark
enough from the Allied standpoint. The German tidal wave, con-
stantly reenforced by fresh divisions, continued, in spite of the stub-
born resistance, to move southward toward the Marne, overrunning
Soissons and Fere-en-Tardenois, leaving the devoted city of Reims
in a salient which became daily more difficult to hold, and at last, by
tremendous pressure, beginning to spread distinctly toward Paris
along the comparatively open and level country between the Marne
and the Ourcq rivers.

SEVENTY-FIVE KILOMETERS FROM PARIS

By the last of May the advance of the Germans at the nearest
point was scarcely 75 kilometers from the French capital and, al-
though the speed of their push had been considerably slackened by
the resistance of the French divisions thrown against them, they still
possessed all the advantages of the initiative and could elect their
own points for driving their line ahead anywhere on the 40 kilo-
meters of front between the vicinity of Soissons and that of Chateau
Thierry, which constitvited the western face of the salient they had
created.

Although the French army and people, with the gallantry and he-
roism which had characterized them in every previous crisis of their
national history, refused to become panic stricken at this third great
success of their arch enemy within a period of ten weeks, the situa-
tion was obviously one of extreme gravity.

The Allied commander-in-chief, Marshal Foch, was obliged to
keep in hand sufficient reserves to meet any blow the Germans might
direct at any other point on the long western battle front; at the
same time he must utilize enough of his available strength to halt

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 443

the formidable attack actually under way. That his forces were in-
adequate for such a crisis only adds to the brilliancy of the success
with which he met it.

Among the reserve troops available for the disposition of Marshal
Foch were the 2d and 3rd United States Divisions. These, with the
1st Division, already engaged in its splendid battle at Cantigiiy, con-
tained all of the American troops which were at the moment yet
seasoned by experience for major operations, out of all the vast
hosts whose coming was so eagerly and anxiously awaited by the
French and British Armies.

"all that, we have is yours"

Relying once more upon General Pershing's devoted declaration,
made on behalf of America during the days of the German offensive
in March, that "all that we have is yours; use it as you wish," and
with faith in the valor of the Americans which was the best incen-
tive to their utmost efforts, the Marshal ordered these two Divisions
to a place of the greatest danger and, therefore, of the greatest hon-
or— to the banks of the Marne near Chateau-Thierry and to the
great Paris-Metz national highway where it crosses the rolling hills
northwest of that city, here to throw themselves across the apex of
the German invasion and bar the road to Paris.

The 2d Division, Maj. Gen. Omar Bundy commanding, was in rest
billets at Chaumont-en-Vexin, northwest of Paris, and had just
finished its observance of Memorial Day, May 30th, when the order
came for it to entrain as soon as possible and move immediately to
the vicinity of Chateau-Thierry. During the ensuing twenty-four
hours the troops were making the tiresome journey, and by the early
morning of June i, most of them had detrained and advanced beyond
Montreuil-aux-Lions, where division headquarters were established,
a hamlet some 10 kilometers west of Chateau-Thierry, on the Paris-
Metz road.

As they went forward, the news became steadily more disquieting.
French troops were fighting a few kilometers to the northeast, but
they were badly outnumbered and exhausted by long fighting and
marching, and the Germans were pushing on so steadily that it would
be necessary for the Americans to establish defensive positions at
once.

By dark that evening that work had been, at least, begun. The
9th Infantry was in line from Bonneil, near the Marne southwest of
Chateau-Thierry, to Le Thiolet, on the Paris-Metz road, whence the
6th Marines extended to Lucy-le-Bocage and the 23rd Infantry, op-

444 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

crating temporarily under the 43rd French Division, continued the
line to the Bois de Veuilly.

Out in front of this position, which was about 12 kilometers in
length and faced toward the northeast, the direction whence the Ger-
mans were coming, lay the crests and slopes of a ridge of hills, some
of them heavily wooded, descending to the valley of a little creek, the
Ru Gobert, along which lay scattered the villages of Bouresches, Bel-
leau, Torcy and Bussiares; all names soon to become famous in the
annals of the American Army.

On the other side of the creek the hills rose much more steeply and
the enemy was already in possession of them, with his artillery, fur-
ther back, sweeping the American positions with a heavy fire.

To the right of the 2d Division was the 164th French Division,
which was holding the southern part of Chateau-Thierry, on the left
bank of the Marne, with the assistance of some troops of the 3d Uni-
ted States Division, whose superb work here will be described a
little further on.

To the left of the 2d was the 43rd French Division, parts of which
were also still clinging to positions in the valley of the Ru Gobert
near the villages mentioned above, but with the distinct understand-
ing that as soon as the American defensive line should be organized
they were to fall back through it from their own indefensible tem-
porary line.

Having felt out this Franco-American front and found it strong,
the Germans did not attack it in force until June 3, when, pursuing
their purpose of pressing on toward Paris, they drove against the line
from Montcourt, near the ]\Iarne, clear up to Chezy-en-Orxios, five
kilometers northwest of the Bois de Veuilly, trying to dislodge both
the 2d United States and 43rd French Divisions at once.

But the rest of the combat units of the former were up now, includ-
ing the 5th Marines and the three regiments of Brig. Gen. William
Chamberlain's 2d Field Artillery Brigade, the latter reinforced by
six groups of French Field Artillery. The enemy was stopped every-
where; on the American front, for the time being, in the valley of
the Ru Gobert.

ATTACK ON JUNCTION POINT

That night the French outpost retired through the American line,
and about dusk of June 4 the Germans made a concentrated attack
on \^euilly-la-Poterie, at the junction point between the 2d and the
43rd Divisions. It was repulsed north of the village. At 10 p. m.
they attacked again, and were repulsed, with a loss of about 200 men
by one American battalion, gaining only one point, the little Hill 123,
from which they were ejected next day by the French.

During the evening they also attacked Hill 142, south of Bussi-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 445

ares, but were dispersed by the artillery. The fighting" had been
violent and more or less confused, and the 2d Division had sufifer-
ed losses of between 200 and 300 men, but everywhere the line had
held, and it is safe to say that the struggle of the night of June 4
marked the tactical end of the German push for Paris in this section,
as it was marked at practically the same time a little further east by
the repulse inflicted upon the enemy in Chateau-Thierry.

That night the situation all along the front was improved by the
relief of the tired 43rd French Division by the 167th Division, on
the left of the 2d, and that of the 164th Division by the 4th Cavalry
Division, on the right, while the 2d itself was strengthened by having
its left flank drawn in several kilometers, from the Bois de Veuilly
to the road between Bussiares and Champillon, and by the introduc-
tion into the line of the 23rd Infantry. The division front shorten-
ed to about nine kilometers, now stood, from right to left: 9th In-
fantry, 23rd Infantry (constituting the 3rd Infantry Brigade, imder
Brig. Gen. E. M. Lewis) ; 6th Marines, 5th Marines (constitutino-
the 4th Infantry, or Marine, Brigade, under Brig. Gen. James D.
Harbord).

THIRD AT CHATEAU-THIERRY

In the meantime, scarcely more than five kilometers east of the 2d
Division, in fact, so near that liaison was soon to be established be-
tween the two American organizations, the troops of the 3rd United
States Division were making for themselves in the streets of Chateau-
Thierry a name worthy to stand beside that of Berden's Sharpshoot-
ers in the streets of Fredericksburg, Va.

The 3rd Divison, commanded by Maj. Gen. Joseph T. Dickman,
was stationed in the vicinity of Chateauvillain and La Ferte-surAube
far to the rear when its orders came on May 30 to move at once to
the battle front. Less fortunate than the 2d Division, it was not
from the first to do its fighting as a body. Its instructions, which
were carried out practically unmodified by later developments, were
that the 5th Infantry Brigade, under Brig. Gen. Fred W. Sladen,
consisting of the 4th and 7th Infantry and the 8th Machine Gun Bat-
talion, should be attached to the 6th French Army, commanded by
General Degoutte, and assigned to the defense of the passages of the
Marne from Chateau-Thierry to Dormans.

The commander of the 6th Infantry Brigade, Brig. Gen. Charles
Crawford, was given one of his Infantry regiments, the 38th, and
half of his Machine Gun Battalion, the gth, and instructed to hold the
crossings of the Marne from Dormans east to Damery, under stafif
direction of the lOth Colonial Division (General Marchand) of the
5th French Army. The remainder of the 6th Brigade, namely, the
30th Infantry and half of the 9th Machine Gun Battalion, was placed

446 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

in support of the 5th Brigade, while the Divisional Machine Gun
Battalion, the 7th, was ordered to march at once, on May 30, for
Chateau-Thierry, the rest of the troops starting next day by rail for
their destination.

MACHINE GUNNERS IN THE THICK OF IT

As it happened, except for a heavy engagement in the Jaulgonne
bend of the Marne, where the enemy was halted north of "the river,
the intense fighting of most of the divisions was not to come for a
time, but the 7th Machine Gun Battalion was in it from the moment
it reached the front. With 180 kilometers of weary road march
behind it and 36 hours without sleep, it plodded into Chateau-Thierry
at six o'clock on the afternoon of the 31st under bursting shells. Be-
fore it the tired French troops were struggling with the enemy's
advancing infantry in the streets north of the Marne — those streets
in which Jean de la Fontaine played as a child and over which have
frowned, ever since the year 720, the battlements of the castle of
Charles Martel, "the Hammer" that once broke another barbarian
invasion of France. Was it a portent?

Hastily finding positions for the guns which enabled them to sweep
the main bridge in the center of town and the river banks both up and
down stream, the men of the 7th Battalion went into a battle which
continued for 96 hours. Time after time the Germans swept down
on the river in determined effort to carry the bridge or to effect a
crossing elsewhere which would permit them to spread into the open
country beyond the Marne.

But, like the defenders of Verdun, the American machine gunners
set their teeth and said, "They shall not pass," and for the second
time in four years they made the Marne the high tide of Hun invasion.

First Lieut. John T. Bissell, with 14 enlisted men of his company,
held a position on the north side of the river for 30 hours, and when
at last obliged to retire, he advanced in face of the guns of his own
Battalion beyond the bridge until he could make the gunners stop
firing, thus enabling his own detachment, as well as about 300 French
troops who were also north of the river, to cross the bridge to safety.

Behind the unbroken barrier maintained by these men and their
equally devoted comrades in the French ranks, the Army command
was enabled to dispose the other troops of the 164th French and 3rd
United States Divisions in strong defensive positions along the Marne
on both sides of Chateau-Tliierry and to effect, through the 30th In-
fantry, complete liaison with the 9th Infantry, on the right of the 2d
Division, near Montcourt, west of the river.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 447

ENEMY DELAYS SIX WEEKS

\\''hen the exhausted 7th Battalion was at last relieved at 3 o'clock
on the morning of June 4, it marched to the rear knowing that its
hard-held positions had been left in strong hands, and that if the
Germans were ever to cross the river they would have to smash
through a whole French division and through the two regiments of
French troops and two regiments of the American 3rd Division,
which, on June 5, were constituted, under General Dickman's com-
mand, as the Reserve Group of the 38th Army Corps. It was to
be more than six weeks before the enemy would make up his mind
to that desperate endeavor; when he did, the dawn of his undoing
was at hand.

We may now return to the 2d Division. It has been said that in
the struggle of the night of June 4, between iMontcourt and the Bois
de Veuilly, the German advance was definitely stopped. But though
it was stopped, probably neither the Germans nor their opponents
fully realized it as yet.

The German airplanes were consantly over the American lines,
89 flights being noted on June 5th, when 10 enemy observation bal-
loons were also up; the German artillery was raking every part of
the front and rear with a terrible fire of high explosives and yperite,
and it was only because the Paris-Metz road, the American line of
communication and supply back to La Ferte-sous-Jouarre, was pro-
videntially hidden from the enemy's view behind the hill crests, that
the troops could depend upon a certain supply of food and ammuni-
tion.

GERMANS ANGRILY AT BAY

It was not sufficient that the enemy had been stopped. Now that
a firm line of defense was established, it became imperative that he
be pushed back from the observation posts and strong points which
he had seized on the left side of Ru Gobert, so that the Americans
could dominate at least the valley of that stream.

On June 4 the best information available indicated that the enemy
was employing not less than 33 divisions, about 300,000 men, on the
whole front of his offensive. Of these, the 197th Division was con-
fronting the 2d United States. It had tried to smash through
the latter, had suffered bloody repulse and was now standing angrily
at bay. Could the Yanks do better in, a line plunge? Could they
keep it up longer? The time had arrived to find out.

At 5 o'clock on the morning of June 6, in conjunction with the 167th
French Division on the left, the ist and 3rd Battalions of the 5th
Marines swept out through the broken woodlands that clothe the

448 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

hill crests of Champillon in an assault whose objectives were the
edges of these woods and crests looking down into the open valley
about Torcy and Bussiares.

They were met by an intense machine gun and rifle fire, but push-
ed on, and at 7:10 a. m. had obtained all their objectives and were in
command of the valley at this point. It was during this advance
that among other deeds of valor, First Lieut. Albert P. Baston, shot
through both legs, earned for himself a D. S. C. by refusing to re-
ceive treatment until he had seen to it that every man in his platoon
was imder cover and in a good firing position. The dash of the
167th French Division gained for it like success, and at 7 o'clock it
also was established on the dominating heights, west of the 5th
Marines.

IN COMMAND OF VALLEY

But the very fact that the left of the 2d Division had now advanc-
ed made it necessary that the center should be brought up also in the
direction of Belleau village and Bouresches. Accordingly, at 5 p.m.,
the 5th and 6th Marines and the 23rd Infantry assaulted for an ob-
jective line extending along the valley from a point a little distance
east of Bussiares to the eastern edge of Bouresches.

It was the bitterest struggle that had yet occurred, for the Ger-
mans were now thoroughly on the alert and prepared for a desperate
resistance. Throughout the night, among the thickets and tumbled
bowlders of the Bois de Triangle and the Bois de Belleau, the lines
surged back and forth in as ferocious a conflict as that between the
men of Grant and Lee in the Wilderness of Virginia.

Nest after nest of German machine guns was taken in savage
hand-to-hand combat, while the ground behind the lines was torn
with bursting shells and the night was lit by the hectic glare of flares
and rockets.

At 8:30 o'clock the next morning, though the left of the line had
been able to add little to its great gains of the previous day, the
right was in possession of Bouresches and had pushed into the Bois
de Belleau as far as the northeastern summit of Hill 181, placing the
Marines there on higher ground than the enemy, who still occupied
the greater part of this tangled woodland to the north.

But the German machine gun nests in the village and in the woods
had exacted a terrible toll. In its two battles, the Marine Brigade
had lost 24 officers and 390 enlisted men, killed and wounded, and
the Qth and 23rd Infantry had lost 377 officers and enlisted men killed
or wounded, the 23rd sttffering most during the repulse of a Ger-
man counter-attack on the night of the 6th.

From that day forth for several weeks a battle almost without lull
continued along the American front, especially around Bouresches

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 449

and southeast of it, toward Vaux, and in the Bois de Belleau. The
ability of the Americans to advance at these points or of the Ger-
mans to prevent them from advancing^ became so obviously a test,
before the audience of the whole world, of the relative moral stami-
na of the two races, that the contest took on an importance far
greater than was represented by the tactical value of the mere ter-
ritory involved.

And in this vital test the Americans consistently maintained the
upper hand; not always and at every point, for, as in a bout between
two mighty and well-matched wrestlers, so American and German
swayed back and forth more than once.

But time after time fiery attacks carried the American front for-
ward greater or less distances, as when the 9th Infantry on June 7th
advanced north of the Bois de la Morette at the same time that
French troops and Companies E and F of the 30th Infantry, 3rd Di-
vision, took the southern slopes of Hill 204 and the village of Mon-
neaux; as on the early morning of June 10, when the IVIarine Bri-
gade lunged forward 800 meters and carried all the southern half
of the Bois de Belleau, and the next morning, when, behind a rolling
barrage, it took all the remainder of the woods except a few north-
ward reaching spurs, together with 300 prisoners and 39 machine
guns and trench mortars ; and as on June 25 when, at last, all of these
places were cleared out by a superb advance which did not halt until
it was far out in the valley toward Torcy and had netted over 300
more prisoners and 24 more machine guns and automatic rifles.

Similarly, time after time the German attempts to recover lost
ground were beaten back. They failed on the night of June 7 and
again on that of the 8th to wrest from the 23rd and the 9th Infan-
try any part of the ground around Bouresches and north of the Bois
de la Morette, from which they had just been expelled, and they
failed again, always with sanguinary losses, on the early mornings
of June II, 14 and 15, when their violent assaults on both Bouresches
and the, Bois de Belleau were hurled back by the combined efl^orts
of Infantry and Marines, despite the devastating preliminary bom-
bardments of German gas and high explosives.

WHAT THE SECOND MET

During these weeks the 2d Division had opposing it at dififerent
times on various parts of its front the following German divisions,
wholly or in part: The 197th (which was relieved about June 9);
the 237th (relieved about June 11); the loth (relieved about June
15); the 28th (relieved about June 21); the 5th Guard; the 231st.
and the 87th, of which the last was known as "the Aluminum
Division."

450 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Li the meantime, the only relief enjoyed in the 2d Division was
by three battalions of the Marines, whose places were taken for five
days, from June 16 to 21, by the three battalions of the 7th Infantry,
3rd Division. It was small wonder that the Germans thought, as
one of them expressed it in a captured letter, that the "American
divisions are still too fiery."

Up to July I this American division, against the most powerful
opposition that the German army could exert, had advanced its front
by dogged, unrelaxing pressure an average of over two kilometers
and had taken more than 800 prisoners and more than 90 machine
guns, minnenwerfers and automatic rifles — and this at a time when
Germany was exultantly proclaiming to the world the impending
overthrow of the Allied armies.

As a matter of fact, it was precisely at this time and on account
of this fighting that the German High Command had borne in upon
it the iron fact that the scale was swinging against them, slowly
but surely.

One more feat of arms, and this to the combined credit of the 2d
and 3rd United States and the loth French Colonial Divisions, as
though to set the seal of unison upon their common struggle, re-
mains to be recounted before the great counter-offensive of mid- July.

THE ATTACK ON VAUX

In the creek valley between Hill 204, taken by the French and
Americans on June 7-8, and the positions north of the Bois de la
Morette, taken by the 9th Infantry at the same time, lay the village
of Vaux, a tiny place but deadly. Its stone houses were fortresses
armed with German machine guns, its cellars were bomb proofs
sheltering hidden swarms of infantry, its streets were covered ways
filled with ghastly surprises for the enemy.

It thrust out, a menacing salient, into the American line, sweep-
ing with its fire Monneaux and the communications of Hill 204. It
had to be taken.

The 9th Infantry, for the 2d Division, and troops of the 3rd Divi-
sion, in liaison near Monneaux, prepared to take it. Every particle
of available data on the subject of Vaux was carefully studied. Maps
and old picture postcards were gone over and refugee inhabitants
described in minute detail the construction of its cellars and the in-
tricacies of its streets.

CELLAR FOR EVERY SQUAD

On July I, every platoon and squad leader who was going into
the town had a map showing in red ink the particular cellar which
he was to capture and how he was to get to it.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 451

At 5 :30 p. m. on that day an intense artillery bombardment began
which quickly reduced the village to ruins, and at 6 the assault went
over the top on a front of about two kilometers, the 9th Infantry
being supported on the left by an advance of the 23rd Infantry, and
the troops of the 3rd Division acting in concert with those of the
lOth Colonial Division.

In 15 minutes the first wave was in the outskirts of the village,
and by 6:25 p. m. it was completely taken, and the front had gone
forward a thousand yards from its jumping off points.

TWENTY-THIRD TAKES BOIS DE LA ROCHE

Meantime, the 23rd Infantry took the Bois de la Roche, immedi-
ately to the northwest of Vaux, while on the right the Allied posi-
tions on Hill 204 were materially improved. Over 60 machine guns
were captured by the Americans and 500 prisoners, most of them
Poles of the Aluminum Division, and it was estimated that for ev-
ery man killed or wounded in the American ranks, two of the enemy
were captured and one was killed.

Indeed, so badly demoralized were the Germans that the regiment
in line had to be withdrawn and another substituted to make the
counter-attack, which was not attempted until 4 o'clock on the
afternoon of the next day — 22 hours later. When it came, it mis-
carried; the troops detailed to retake the Bois de la Roche did not
start; those that attacked Vaux were repulsed and then cut ofif from
their retreat by an American machine gun barrage and 150 of them
were taken prisoner. Vaux was never recaptured by the enemy.

In Chateau-Thierry, in the Bois de Belleau, in Bouresches and
Vaux and on Hill 204, the Germans had now faced the men from
across the seas in fair combat; before the audience of the world they
had met with them in moral test, and the result was a foretaste of
what was soon to come. By the first day of July, 1918, men of dis-
cernment in Germany could trace the word defeat across the setting
sun of "Der Tag."

Engineers Under Fire

Henry Wehrenberg of Newell was in Company A of the Second
Engineers. He says that after his company built a hospital at Bur-
mond, France, he was transferred to Solwell, France, to get ready
to go to the front. He worked with the members of his company
on the engineer's dump near Metz and was sent back to Solwell to
drill. On Decoration Day, 191 8, they were ordered to the Chateau
Thierry front, between the English and French armies, to stop the

452 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

German drive to Paris. He was wounded here by pieces of shrap-
nel on July 1st. One piece struck his left leg, two pieces in his
right leg, two pieces in his right arm, and one just over his right
eye. His platoon was nearly wiped out by that high explosive shell.
Eight or nine men were killed and more than twice that number
were wounded. He was in the base hospital at Mudpound, France,
a little over a month. He got back to his company just as the men
were ready to start upon St. Mihiel drive, and took an active part
in that historic drive.

From there they moved to the Champagne front, where his com-
pany in twenty-four hours built a road a quarter of a mile long
through the Hindenburg line to carry ammunition and supplies to
the boys at the front. From there the group went to the Meuse-
Argonne front, where the Newell soldier helped build a floating
bridge across the Meuse River the night before the armistice was
signed. A permanent bridge was built across the Meuse the next
day. After this his company went to Germany with the Army of
Occupation and they built horse barns, mess halls, etc., at Engers,
Germany.

On June 9th, the fourth drive was opened by the Germans, this
time between Soissons and Montdidier, where they were able to ad-
vance only six miles. With power to direct all forces where they
were most needed the advantages of a vmified command began to
appear.

The "Lousy" Champagne

Written by George D. Crissy, Company M, One Hundred Sixty-
eighth Infantry :

When relieved from the Baccarat sector on the Lorraine front
about the 21st of June, where we had spent 140 days without relief,
we hadn't the slightest idea where we were going, but after long
rides in box cars and cramped in motor trucks we found ourselves
behind the lines on the Champagne front not far from Chalons-sur-
Marne in the valley of the Marne River, where we spent four days
drilling to restore discipline which had become rather slack during
our long siege at the front. Suddenly and without warning, the
Rainbow Division was transferred to the Fourth French Army, and
on the sultry nights of June 28th and 2gth we made long, punish-
ing marches a distance of thirty-five kilometers toward the front, to
the famous drill ground at Camp de Chalons. It was a historic

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 453

battleground in the present war. The Germans swept over it in
1914, and were in turn swept back over it in the first battle of the
Marne.

This country, the Champagne, is not what its name implies. There
isn't a vineyard or a garden there, and it is known by the French as
the "lousy" Champagne because of its desolate condition. The small
trees were dwarfed and twisted, with just enough foliage to empha-
size the bareness of the country. Heather was plentiful, chalk was
everywhere. The glaring whiteness of the chalk reflected back the
heat and also kept the coolness of the ground in. But it made the
roads firm, and a dug-out of great strength could easily be built. The
only color on the whole scene was the thick patches of red poppies.
There is a superstition among the French soldiers that wherever a
man dies the red poppies will bloom forever.

Without delay we started drilling for a proposed offensive against
the Germans, but instead, on the Fourth of July, our division as a
part of the Fourth French Army under the command of General
Gourauds, was informed that we would be directed against the main
German offensive in their drive against Chalons. Our division ac-
cepted this responsibility on the birthday of our country, July the
Fourth.

Our division, the Rainbow, went into the line the fifth of July along
with the One Hundred Seventieth and the Thirteenth French divi-
sions, and our defense position, the second line of resistance, was
very quiet, not a shot being fired during the day, and it was almost
as quiet at night. We spent the time sleeping during the day and
reenforcing defense positions during the night, doing up-keep work
on our trenches, rebuilding machine gun emplacements ; in fact, forti-
fying our position in every possible manner, protecting ourselves
against the attack which we knew might come any minute.

The plan of defense was to withdraw from our own front line the
moment the German infantry struck it, sending signal flares to our
artillery, who would then proceed to blow up our own line and the
Germans with it, thus checking the most brutal part of the German
blow without loss to ourselves.

The quiet and suspense continued for about one week, until mid-
night of the 14th of July, when the German artillery opened up. But
we were prepared for them. Thousands of French and American
guns spoke with such intensity that it caused the atmosphere to
shake with an unbroken roaring sound. The stars could no longer be
seen because of the flashes of fire in the sky from guns of both con-
batants. It seemed as though all hell had turned loose, and it was
impossible for a single mind to conceive what really took place.
When the bombardment started our men came rushing out of the

454 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

trees where they had been sleeping and went to their defense posi-
tions in the trenches. We were smothered by gas and knocked
down by the concussion of the high explosives. But we reached our
positions — and remained there until about 4 o'clock the next morn-
ing when the German waves of infantry hit our front line. Every-
thing worked out as had been planned; our line was evacuated and
our artillery fairly rained upon the enemy. But the Germans came
back at us to the best of their ability. Shells screamed and roared,
racing through the air in both directions. The German infantry
kept coming and coming; the slaughter was terrible, but they could
not break our line, though they came into the face of almost certain
death, fighting to the very last.

The white and desolate landscape was covered with a cloud of dust
and smoke. For four hours this was kept vip, and the change that
was wrought is beyond realization. No matter what direction one
looked ammunition dumps could be seen burning. Horses, mules,
and men lay dismembered all over the white, chalky plain. Ani-
mals ran wild, neighing through the trees until they fell dying because
of the wounds from which they suffered.

About 4:15 the following morning the German infantry, which
had not been caught in the trap, attacked again, but they were held,
again suffering heavy losses. But German artillery fire was coming
over as though from aeroplanes. We had different attacks similar
to this one, but they found our line invincible and the infantry at-
tacks died out by the 17th. During the nights of the i8th and 19th
of July we bade good-bye to Champagne and moved west toward
Chateau Thierry to become participants in that great American
offensive known as the second battle of the Marne.

On a front of one hundred miles east of Soissons the fifth drive
opened on July 15th. It met the Allies fully prepared, and though
they were forced at first to fall back they soon regained most of the
territory thus lost.

At three points Germany had bent back the Allied line, quite
abruptly in some places. But in so doing the Germans had placed
themselves in positions that would be dangerous in the event that
the Allies should assume the offensive. Foch appreciated the op-
portunity thus created. With transportation of American troops
greatly facilitated, one million Yanks were now in France. In an
action which began July i8th, fresh American and French troops
took the offensive along the Marne, compelling the retirement of the
German forces within a few days. The British introduced tanks
into an attack on the Montdidier sector, begun August 8th, and by

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 455

skillful adaption of the surprise element drove the Germans back for
a distance of ten miles on a long front.

The Battle at Soissons
Written by W. G. Aitken :

On the night of July 16, 19 18, the Twenty-sixth relieved the troops
of the Moroccan Division in the vicinity of Roy St. Nicholas, while
the other elements of the division also moved forward. On the
night of July 1 7th- 1 8th the actual move to the jumping off line was
made. The night was inky black, a thunder storm was raging, and
over cjuagmires of roads jammed with traffic of all descriptions the
weary doughboy plodded along. Through fields and forests, over
unknown roads, we slowly made our way, often falling — into shell
holes, over wire entanglements or from sheer exhaustion, through
the shell torn village of Couevres and into position. Not many units
were in position much in advance of the zero hour 4:35 a. m. — but
none were late, although some had to hurry they were ready to ad-
vance when the artillery opened.

We entered the fight under a new division commander, Major-
General Summerall. On the left of our division was the One Hun-
dred Fifty-third French Division, on the right the veteran First Mo-
roccan Division with its noted "Foreign Legion," while the regi-
ments of the First Division from right to left were the Eighteenth,
Sixteenth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-eighth.

Daybreak was calm and serene; the artillery had made no demon-
stration that might warn the enemy; all in all this was to be a sur-
prise attack — the master stroke to mark the turning point in
the great war.

I might state here that for the first two days I was acting as bri-
gade liaison officer from brigade headqvtarters to regimental and
battalion headquarters of the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-eighth In-
fantry regiments and hence saw no personal work on these days.

The Second battalion under Major McCloud led ofif from the
Twenty-sixth, through the village of Cutry and up the steep slopes
to the heights above, where could be seen Soissons. At the first gun the
men broke from their positions in perfect order. At 5 :30 a. m. we
had advanced two kilometers and the first objective was ours; at
7:15 two more kilometers had been gained and we were on the edge
of the Missy aux Bois ravine and village where the resistance was
very stubborn, and only after two hours of hand to hand fighting
were the ravine and village captured. Although we sufifered quite
heavily we took many prisoners, machine guns, and some light and
heavy field pieces. While the First Brigade had reached their third

456 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

objective the Second Brigade had been held up, and was temporarily
disorganized between Missy aux Bois and the Paris-Soissons road;
so we called it a day's work and dug in.

On the night of July i8th orders to "carry on" were received, and
it was while delivering these orders and on my way back to brigade
headquarters that a German shell hit the ground almost underneath
my feet and I sailed away about fifty yards. When I regained con-
sciousness three hours later it was to find that someone had taken my
compass, my emergency and reserve rations, and the precious little
water I had left. I had been slightly wounded and badly shaken up,
but continued on my way to brigade headquarters to report delivery
of orders and to look for some chow. But that was not for me that
night as liaison men were scarce, and after a hasty gulp of coffee I
was on my way to the front.

Again the sun arose clear and bright, but the resistance from the
very start on the 19th was more stubborn, and the casualties were
very heavy. The advance was made to a short distance east of the
Paris-Soissons road. Orders to continue were received and at 5 :30
p. m., with the First Battalion on the right, the Seccrnd on the
left, and the third in brigade reserve, we jumped oft' for the second
time that day.

The terrain was rolling wheat fields, criss-crossed with sunken
roads and fairly alive with machine guns. Of the five days of this
campaign the second day was one never to be forgotten. Major
McCloud, wounded in the arm in the morning, was killed at the head
of the battalion ; and with him, each at the head of their companies,
Captain J. H. Holmes and Captain J. N. C. Richards paid the supreme
sacrifice. Captain Richards had been my company commander be-
fore I was transferred to the machine gun company. He was dearly
beloved by all who knew him and I might say that in avenging his
death nearly four-fifths of his company died on that same field that
day.

But night was falling. As we had taken Ploisy and the ravine
of that same name we dug in. The boys settled down to await the
chow carts, for reserve rations were low and two days had passed
since they had partaken of a warm meal. They waited in vain that
night, for it was not until twenty-four hours later that any warm food
could be brought forward, and then very few men got any of it.

On July 20th we "carried on." I had been placed in command of
a replacement battalion of about 700 men just overseas, and under
fire for the first time. I met and talked with Morton (Casey) Stull
for a few minutes that morning before daybreak, and then orders
came to send men to replace the battalions at the front, and I didn't
see him again until our return home.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 457

Resistance had stiffened considerably. The French on our left
were almost exhausted and the Twenty-eighth LI. S. Infantry was
called upon to take Berzy-le-Sec, while the Twenty-sixth was to con-
form to its movement and take the railroad. The capture of the
railroad and the village meant the loss of that salient to the Germans
as Berzy-le-Sec dominated the railroad from Soissons south. Hence
the fighting was desperate, the battle swaying to and fro with the
balance slightly in our favor, though we failed in our mission that
day. That night General Summerall came to the front lines and
cheered the men up considerably by his coolness and bearing. Relief
was promised — but we wanted Berzy-le-Sec first.

So on July 2ist, at 4:30 a. m., we swept forward through Berzy
and beyond. All day the battle raged, fierce and furious, but the
fighting First Division held every inch gained and the German loot.

But what a toll! Lieutenant Colonel Elliott, "Daddy" Elliott
to the older ofiicers, was killed by a shell while directing the attack
— and many men had previously fallen.

We dug in and held on during the night and next day, for we were
too exhausted to carry on. although able to hold our gain. Our
work this last day was chiefly in cleaning out enemy machine gun
nests on our immediate front, and while directing an attack on one
of these nests near the sugar mill at Noyant, Colonel Hamilton A.
Smith was killed — less than two hours after he had personally con-
ducted the reconnoitering party from the Fifteenth Scottish Divi-
sion over the front. Relief was accomplished on the night of the
22d, marching to the Bois-le-Retz where we spent the night, then
mounted trucks on the morning of the 24th for Orry-la-Ville. It
was here we buried our colonel, beloved by every man in the regiment.

In summarizing the five awful days of fighting: My regiment,
the Twenty-sixth United States Infantry, entered the line wih 3,100
enlisted men and ninety-six officers. Twenty ofiicers were killed
and forty-two were wounded; 1,560 enlisted men were among the
killed and wounded, and all field officers were either killed or wound-
ed. The regiment came out under command of a captain of less than
two years' experience, and one battalion was commanded by a first
lieutenant.

The regiment captured 750 prisoners, including fourteen officers,
besides many guns and vast quantities of supplies, and during the
five davs of terrific fighting had advanced eleven kilometers.

As history the victory of the First Division against six of the best
veteran divisions will undoubtedly be classed as one of the great bat-
tles of the war, as it marked the turning point.

The place of honor on the Soissons front was given to our First
and Second Divisions and to chosen veteran French divisions. We
well upheld our 'reputation in the five days fighting, as the First

458 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

and Second United States Divisions together captured 7,000 prison-
ers, over 100 pieces of artillery and much material, and in the First
Division it was the Twenty-sixth Infantry that led in casualties, num-
ber of prisoners captured, and it was here the 26th received its first
citation :

EXTRACT

"General Orders No. 40 — The Division Commander cites the fol-
lowing organizations, officers and men for distinguished conduct
during the operations of the Division south of Soissons July 18-22,
1918:

Twenty-sixth United States Infantry

for distinguished conduct in overcoming determined and constant
resistance while sustaining heavy losses, and in capturing and hold-
ing all objectives assigned to it in the advance between July 18-22
inclusive.
."By command Major-General Summerall.

"H. K. LOUGHRY,

"Major F. A. N. A. Division Adjutant."

Why "Fritz" Lost at Chateau Thierry

Von Turpitz, Ludendorfif, and various other bedraggled war lords
have written volumes trying to explain how and why the other fel-
low lost the war. But it is Lieutenant von Kurt Hesse who really
understands. The lieutenant was at Chateau Thierry when
Tirpitz was safe in Berlin, and Ludendorfif was carefully protected
beneath the earth of a snug dug-out. Here is the way Lieutenant
Hesse explains it:

The time for the German barrage to move arrived, and the cross-
ing was going on better. The Fifth Grenadiers actually pushed on
1,000 yards, to the neck of the two miles wide peninsula on which
they had landed. In the morning mist they saw a counter-attack
coming down on them from the right — men in brown uniforms —
Americans — who did not charge, but halted and fired, and the Ger-
mans turned back, but eventually rallied on the railway embank-
ment, and there clung on.

Never have I seen so many dead, and never witnessed such terrible
scenes. The Americans shot down two of our companions at close
range. They waited lying down in a half circle until our men got
within thirty or fifty paces, and then wiped them out. Credit we
must give them for nerves, but also for bestial rough fighting
(Bestialische Roheit). "Die Amerikaner schlagen alles tot!" was
the fearsome cry of July 15th that long haunted the bones of our men.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 459

Surprising the Germans at the Ourcq

Written by Walter Crissy, Company M, One Hundred Sixty-eighth
Regiment, Forty-second Division:

On the morning of July 25th the Rainbow Division arrived in the
locality of Epieds and Verdilly.

The boys of the Rainbow Division found themselves facing the
Forest de Fere, where the Germans had stored great quantities of
ammunition and supplies for their drive on Paris. The key to this
position was Croix Rouge farm. This was a commanding position,
where the Germans had amassed great nests of machine guns. Be-
yond lay the River Ourcq. The Americans were ready to play
offensive, and Croix Rouge farm was the first point to gain. The
capture of this farm would mean the capture of many Germans, be-
sides gaining the coveted knoll upon which it was situated.

The Germans were sure of themselves, but not yet had they come
to realize the daring of the American army. At 5 130 in the after-
noon three regiments of the Rainbow Division attacked Croix Rouge
farm — the One Hundred Sixty-eighth from the right. Every ma-
chine gun in the vicinity poured forth its rain of bullets. One by
one the brave lads of the One Hundred Sixty-eighth fell — but on
they came. Then suddenly, as though they had dropped from heav-
en, the boys of the One Hundred Sixty-fifth and the One Hundred
Sixty-seventh, from the woods at the front and the left, swooped
down upon the surprised Germans. The machine gun fire was no
longer directed entirely upon the One Hundred Sixty-eighth. But
the surprise was too much for the Germans. Steadily the Ameri-
cans approached, and Croix Rouge farm was taken at the point of
the bayonet.

A number of the One Hundred Sixty-eighth Regiment gave their
lives to gain this important position, but our losses were few com-
pared with those of the Germans. In one trench alone 250 Germans
were found dead.

The first attack was successful and after taking time to reorgan-
ize the platoons and appoint new platoon commanders, the One Hun-
dred Sixty-eighth went on. The River Ourcq was next to be cross-
ed. There were no bridges but we had no difficulty in wading across.
We pushed on and advanced more than half a mile with-
out serious resistance. Our line was made up of groups of about
twelve men each. As our group passed through a bit of woodland,
separated on either side from the remainder of the company, right
in front of us we discovered a number of Germans with a nest of
machine guns. Luckily, we discovered them before they discovered
us. Without a moment's hesitation we threw ourselves upon them.

46o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The two German gunners were killed before they could open up
their machine guns. But even then seven of our twelve men were
killed. ( Storm Lake people will be interested to know that it was
in this battle that Harold Shaffer made the supreme sacrifice.) The
position was taken, and not a German was left to carry the news
back to his company. Out of twenty Germans only four were left;
two of them were wounded and all four of them were prisoners.
This point gained our objective was reached and there we waited
for further orders.

Wounded at Vesle River — Back for Meuse-Argonne

Written by Corporal George C. Barnes, Headquarters Company,
Fifty-eighth Infantry, Fourth Division:

My first training for military service was at Camp Pike where I
put in five months under trying conditions. I was then transferred
to Camp Greene, and a worse camp I have yet to see, but can be
thankful that the course there was short, for in April we were or-
dered to prepare for the trip overseas. From New York we em-
barked May 1 1 with a large convoy, but after being out four days en-
gine trouble developed, so our ship returned to Halifax, Nova Sco-
tia. There repairs were made, we were assigned to another convoy,
and this time the ship completed the trip. On June 2d we experi-
enced the excitement of a submarine attack, but thanks to the good
work of the submarine destroyers the convoy made the trip in safety,
landing at London June 5, 191 8.

From London we proceeded to Folkstone, England, to enjoy four
days relaxation at a rest camp, and then went on the way, crossing
the English Channel to Calais, France. From there this outfit was
ordered to Lizy, about forty kilometers from Paris, for another
brief training period. On the night of July 17th we hiked to the
firing line, and on the morning of July i8th went over the top in the
first Allied offensive at the Marne. After three days we were re-
lieved, but on receipt of next orders were sent to the Vesle River,
where we met very stubborn resistance; and it was there on the 7th
of August, that I was wounded and sent to the base hospital at Di-
jon. Later I was transferred to base No. 24 at Limoge, from which
I was sent to a replacement camp at St. Aignan, there to be reclassi-
fied and sent back to my original company for duty. I joined them
just before the Meuse-Argonne drive, and on the 28th of September
we took the lines for the last time. For twenty-two successive days
we remained there, only to be released and ordered to the Metz sec-
tor, but just then the armistice was signed and thus we were saved

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 461

from further combat duty. However, we were next ordered to take
a long march to Coblenz, Germany, there to serve in the Army of
Occupation.

With these advances accompHshed, the offensive was now in the
hands of the Allies. At one point after another the enemy met re-
verses.

Harry W. Larson of Company K, One Hundred Nineteenth In-
fantry, Thirtieth Division, tells of the capture of Mt. Kemmel on the
Belgian front, August 31, 191 8.

Capture of Mt. Kemmel

The facts of personal history, including the life of a "rookie," and
the course of preparation in home camps, can have little or no inter-
est in a writing of this sort. The process of turning a civilian into
a soldier is an experience valuable only to the subject operated upon.
The editor of this volume is insistent on the "war story," and I
must, as best I can, obey orders, which was the first and most im-
portant lesson taught me at Camp Dodge.

The chances or designs of the service put me, with other Iowa and
Northern boys, with the One Hundredth and Nineteenth Infantry,
of the Thirtieth Division. Mostly made up of Southern men, this
was known as the "Old Hickory" or "Boys from Dixie" Division. It
proved to be a splendid aggregation of men, and gave evidence that
the same spirit animated the American soldier, no matter what his
birthplace or his racial origin.

On May 7, 1918, orders came to the division to leave for France.
On the 1 2th of that same month we sailed from Boston for the dis-
tant battle front. The story of our voyage was really no different
from hundreds of others. A German submarine managed to steal
within our protecting screen of destroyers, and attacked the last
ship of the convoy. A torpedo fired at our boat fortunately missed
its mark. This gave us the first experience of real war, and the in-
cident was certainly exciting to the landsmen while it lasted. The
truth is that we were very near a panic. But the flurry was soon
over.

Liverpool was reached May 22d, and there we entrained at once
for Dover, and the next day a channel boat landed us at Calais,
France, where we went into temporary camp. There, some thirty
miles from the fighting lines, we could hear the big guns. On the
second day my corporal and myself broke camp and went into town.
At a wine shop we bought a bottle of champagne and a box of sar-
dines. The fizz was ten francs (two dollars) and the sardines —
the old nickel kind at home — cost us forty cents.

462 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

After three days at Calais we were moved forward. Our rifles
were turned in and Enfields issued to us. This change was neces-
sary, as we were to be attached to the British Fourth Army. Our first
day's hike covered twenty-three miles. A five-weeks' period of drill
followed, after which we marched into Belgium, reaching the trench
area of operations July 5th. Ours — the Thirtieth — and the
Twenty-seventh Division (composed of New York troops) were the
first American soldiers to reach Belgium.

On July 24th we took over the first support line trench at East
Poperinge. The command made is way to the front under cover of
darkness. After five days in this position we were sent nearer —
into the front-line trenches. For a short time we were attached to
a Scotch brigade. A half platoon of Scotchmen acted as trench in-
structors to an equal number of Americans. And, for all our pre-
vious training, there was much to learn. For now we were actually
at the business of war. The two nationalities mixed well, and there
was a respect and sincere liking on both sides. A short period of
this seasoning process with the big German shells screaming over
us, and then back to rest camp to recover our nerves. We did not
give it any such name, however, for it was drill, drill for eight hours
every day, with Boche aerial raids every night. We could not
smoke after dark, nor have any fire.

Again we were ordered forward, being then stationed in the sec-
ond line of trenches. Then and there we had the experience of our
young lives! I believe it was on or about the loth of August when
we definitely, and for ourselves, took over the trenches with the
Twenty-seventh Division on our right. We were about one-half
mile south of Ypres. That once thriving city was but a mass of
ruins, pounded level with the ground by the long-continued artillery
fire. We had been in the trenches but a few hours when the enemy
put over a barrage. And then I reached the conclusion that my "t
in hat" was altogether too small. The Germans kept up this amuse-
ment for about an hour, sweeping the first and second line trenches.
I could at last reahze the meaning of the word "war." I can also
admit that I was scared. I have come to the conclusion that any
man who says he is not afraid of shell fire is lacking in veracity or
good sense.

We were for a time alternated between the two positions — four
(lays in the first line and the same length of time in the second. This
served to slightly relieve the terrible strain. And when the regi-
ment had been twelve days at the front, it was relieved by another,
moving back to the reserve lines.

While on the front we met some of the best entertainers I have ever
known or seen. When not being amused by the Germans, there
Wf^re our friends, the "cooties." They were persistent, intimate,

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 463

and numerous. Our clothes were alive with them, and the size and
vigor of individual specimens were a constant source of wonder and
admiration. Many of you have looked down upon the street from
some tall building, from which point the people and vehicles below
looked so small and grotesque. Now these same "cooties" looked
like street cars thus seen, all having diverse routes, and all being ex-
ceedingly busy.

Beyond the artillery fire we withstood frequent attempts by ene-
my raiding parties to enter our lines. Back of the first line we did
guard duty. At night we brought up rations for those in front.
There were working parties organized, repairing trenches or dig-
ging new ones. While in either the first or second line we managed
to cook cofifee, at least once a day. In doing this we had to avoid
making a smoke that would be perceptible to the enemy, and it was
really surprising how expert we became in hiding our culinary oper-
ations. In the second line, of course, our cookery was somewhat
more elaborate. But our menus at the front were exceedingly sim-
ple, though the food was sufiicient.

August 29th we received orders to act as reserve to the Twenty-
seventh, in an attack by the latter on Kemmel Hill. In front of our
lines the Germans were retreating, and a few men, comparatively,
could straighten the line. Companies L and I, of our regiment, went
over the top, to keep in touch with the enemy. The Twenty-sev-
enth was successful, taking Kemmel Hill, at a cost of many casual-
ties. Our two companies in the advance sufifered considerable losses.
My own company held with the reserve line, moving forward only
about 1200 yards. The Germans put over an almost continuous
barrage, and by the last of August our regiment had quite a list of
casualties.

Chateau Thierry

Written by Denton Gregg, Headquarters Company, One Hundred
Sixty-eighth Regiment :

On the 25th of July the Forty-second Division relieved the Twenty-
sixth Division in the Chateau Thierry region, near Epieds and Ver-
dilly. On the 25th the Second Battalion took the lead and during
the latter part of the afternoon, while on the part of the road
that was under heavy shell fire, the sergeant who was in charge of
the Third Battalion section infantry signalmen was wounded. He
had started out with that battalion to furnish communication by
telephone, T. P. S., visual signaling, pigeons, etc. When he was
wounded I was put in charge of a sector, with orders to rim a line
from an old battalion post command forward to the Third Battalion

464 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

post command. No one knew where the Third was located; even
the runners were getting lost.

Now comes the part that I shall never forget — nor an}- of the
men who were with me. This is what we had to do: Go back a half
mile over some hastily constructed road through the woods that the
artillery was using, get some material, including several big iron
spools of heavy French twisted wire, together with a couple of heavy
camp telephones and a four-drop switch board, then forward again
to the point from which we had started, and from there follow a line
to that old post command. From there we went to locate the Third
Battalion and to run a line to them that night.

We stared out. It took one man to keep hold of the wire we were
following. The rest of us took turns carrying the material. Just as
we started it began to rain — and did it rain? Well, I hope to tell
you it did. The road we were to travel was pretty well shot up and
as we started in the midst of dense darkness at 10:30 p. m. you can
imagine what a lovely time we had. An occasional shell coming
over did not improve matters any either. There we were,
staggering along in the dark, through almost a river of mud,
pitted in many places by shell holes; and strewn with roots and
branches. Several of the fellows twisted an ankle or a knee, mak-
ing it harder of course for the rest of us in carrying the wire, etc.
The distance we had to go was about two and a half kilometers, or
nearly two miles. As I mentioned, we started about 10:30 p. m., and
we reached the old post command about 2:30 a. m. There we had
been four hours in traversing a distance of less than two miles. A
steady downpour of rain, shell holes to entrap us, parts of trees to
stumble over; litter bearers coming with the wounded, for whom,
of course, we had to step to one side. Maybe these litter bearers
didn't have a terrible time ! We were carrying wire, etc. ; we could
fall down, curse a little, get up and go on. Those men carrying the
wounded did not dare to even as much as slip. I would rather be
anvthing else than a litter carrier.

"Vt^ell, to conclude. As I said, we arrived at that old post com-
mand at about 2 :30 a. m. It was impossible to find the Third Bat-
talion before daylight, so we curled up in a ditch about four feet
deep, with water and mud in the bottom two to three inches deep,
and got what sleep we could. That morning about 5 :30 a comrade
and myself went out and were successful in our quest for the Third
Battalion. Then we all got busy and run the line.

This will give some idea of how difficult and discouraging it is to
attempt keeping efficient telephone service in advance in open warfare.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 465

Compliments Rainbow Division

A resume of activities of the Forty-second, or Rainbow Division,
together with an acknowledgment of especially heroic performances,
was made by Major-General Charles T. Menoher in the following
address issued from Headquarters:

To the officers and men of the Forty-second Dn'isioji — Rainbow

Division :

A year has elapsed since the formation of your organization. It
is, therefore, fitting to consider what you have accomplished as a
compact division and what you should prepare to accomplish in the
future.

Your first elements entered the trenches in Lorraine on February
2 1 St. You served on that front for no days. You were the first
American division to hold a divisional sector and when you left the
sector June 21st, you had served continuously as a division in the
trenches for a longer time than any other American division. Al-
though you entered the sector without experience in actual warfare,
you so conducted yourselves as to win the respect and afifection of
the French veterans with whom you fought. Under gas and bom-
bardment, in raids, in patrols, in the heat of hand-to-hand combat
and in the long dull hours of trench routine, so trying to a soldier's
spirit, you bore yourselves in a manner worthy of the traditions of
our country.

You were withdrawn from Lorraine and moved immediately to
the Champagne front where during the critical days from July 14th
to July 1 8th, you had the honor of being the only American division
to figiit in General Gouraud's army which so gloriously obeyed his
order, "We will stand or die," and by its iron defense crushed the
German assault and made possible the offensive of July i8th, to the
west of Rheims.

From Champagne you were called to take part in exploiting the
success north of the Marne. Fresh from the battle front before
Chalons, you were thrown against the picked troops of Germany. For
eight consecutive days you attacked skillfully prepared positions. You
captured great stores of arms and munitions. You forced the cross-
ings of the Ourcq. You took Hill 212, Sergy, Meurcy Ferme, and
Serginges by assault. You drove the enemy, including the Imperial
Guard Division, before you for a depth of fifteen kilometers. When
your infantry was relieved, it was in full pursuit of the retreating
Germans, and your artillery continued to progress and support an-
other American division in the advance to the Vesle.

For your services in Lorraine, your division was formally com-
mended in General Orders by the French Army Corps under which

466 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

you served. For your services in Champagne, your assembled offi-
cers received the personal thanks of General Gouraud himself. For
your services on the Ourcq, your division was officially complimented
in a letter from the commanding general, First Army Corps, of
July 28, 191 8.

To your success, all ranks and all services have contributed, and I
desire to express to every man in the command my appreciation of
his devoted and courageous effort.

However, our position places a burden of responsibility upon us
which we must strive to bear steadily forward without faltering. To
our comrades who have fallen, we owe the sacred obligation of main-
taining the reputation which they died to establish. The influence
of our performances on our allies and our enemies can not be over-
estimated for we were one of the first divisions sent from our coun-
try to France to show the world that Americans can fight.

Hard battles and long campaigns lie before us. Only by cease-
less vigilance and tireless preparation can we fit ourselves for them.
I urge you, therefore, to approach the future with confidence; but,
above all with firm determination that so far as it is in your power
you will spare no effort whether in training or in combat to main-
tain the record of our division and the honor of our country.

Charles T. Menoher, Major General, U. S. Army.

Cut Up Balloons for Souvenirs
Clyde Ibsen, in August, 1918, wrote the following explanation
about a strip of yellow paper which he enclosed:

This is a piece of German propaganda balloon. The balloon is
taken about a mile into the air in an airoplane and turned loose to fall
behind the American and French lines. Attached to it are German
papers published in French with cartoons of Wilson kneeling in front
of the kaiser. This is for the purpose of discouraging the Allies.
But of course that is impossible. The balloon is about the size of a
mail bag. The Boches send them up every day and the French and
Americans return the favor. This piece was taken yesterday and it
surely had some funny cartoon. It is almost impossible to get a
piece of the balloon as the soldiers contend for a piece of it to send
to the folks at home.

Net Results
The enemy was kept so constantly engaged that he had no time
to gather for a counter-attack, and was furthermore confused by
lack of any indication as to where the next blow might fall. Prac-
tically all of the territory which Germany had acquired in the spring

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 467

offensive was recovered by the Allies, though as the enemy retired
he left a trail of devastation which will cripple the country for years.
On the days of September 12th and 13th, General Pershing's com-
mand of French and American troops wiped out an old German sali-
ent near Metz, taking 200 square miles of territory and 15,000 pris-
oners. The net results to the Allies by the end of September were
the capture of a million prisoners, with 3,669 cannon and 23,000 ma-
chine guns.

Army Thrice; as Large as Grant's Won St. Mii-iiel

From the Stars and Stripes :

Probably few persons, however casually they may have followed
the larger events of the World War, or however little previous knowl-
edge they may have had of the geography of Europe, when the
phrase "Western Front" is mentioned, can fail to recall the two dia-
grammatic lines which decorated the pages of magazines and news-
papers for a period of about four years.

Somewhat like the edges of a sagging curtain they hung down
over the map of northern France, the upper end fastened to the coast
line near the westermost corner of Belgium, the lower end similar-
ly fastened to the frontier of Switzerland. Of the two lines, the
bottom one, which sagged alarmingly in the middle towards Paris,
was dotted and generally bore the label, "Farthest German Advance."

Perhaps the most striking feature of the dotted line, less notice-
ably reproduced in the solid one, was the sharp kink in it just above
the sag toward Paris; it was as if the falling curtain had caught on
a peg there which held it up and prevented it from falling further.
There was a good deal of truth in the simile because that peg was
Verdun, and if the French had not gritted their teeth and set their
strength to keep that peg from breaking, it is very possible that the
black curtain of Hun domination might have fallen completely over
western Europe.

GERMANS STICK AT ONE POINT

In August and September of 1914 the Germans, in their repeated
tremendous efforts to take Verdun, had the fortress at one time prac-
tically surrounded on three sides ; west, north and east. But they
were eventually forced back completely from the western side and a
few kilometers on the north and east.

At one point, however, they stuck. Bavarian troops captured the
city of St. Mihiel, about thirty kilometers southeast of Verdun, forced
their way across the Meuse river, on which Verdun also lies, es-
tablished a small bridgehead around the suburb and hill of Chauvon-

468 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

court and the western bank, and here fixed a peg of their own which
for four years remained a constant threat and embarrassment to the
defenders of Verdun because upon it was hung the St. Mihiel salient.

This salient, always the sharpest inequality in the western battle
front, broke forward from the general line of the front near Les
Eparges, about seventeen kilometers southeast of Verdun. From
this village, which is on the abrupt edge of the reverse slopes of the
heights of the Meuse where they drop to the plain of the Woevre, or
Voivre, the western side of the salient ran almost due south for about
twenty kilometers, crossing the high, forested hills and descending
their western slopes into the valley of the Meuse and then crossing
that river to embrace the small bridgehead directly west of St Mihiel.

There were scarcely two square kilometers of ground within the
trenches of this bridgehead, but it was large enough effectually to cut
the double-track railway from Verdun to Toul, which, reaching on
the south to Epinal and Belfort, had, before the war, linked up the
four great fortresses of the French eastern frontier.

SUBSTITUTE RAILROAD ROUTES

Deprived of this extremely important line, Verdun was obliged to
depend for all its rail communications upon the double track line ex-
tending westward from St. Menehould, supplemented because it was
so close to the front as to be subject to interruption by another, mili-
tary, double track line built in 191 6 southwest from Verdun to the
existing St. Menehould Revigny line at Nettancourt. The substi-
tute routes were, however, so circuitous that it was a slow process
to shuttle troops back and forth by them along the eastern frontier
defenses.

Crossing the Meuse again just above St. Mihiel and including in
its circuit Fort du Camp des Romains, the one French fort of the
line between Verdun and Toul which the Germans captured and held
through most of the war, the front swung eastward, again crossing
the heights of the Meuse, and descended into the plain of the Woevre
at Apremont, northeast of which rose the lofty bulk of Mont Sec, a
detached hill affording artillery positions to the Germans which for
miles dominated the Allied lines in the lowlands.

From Apremont the front ran on by Xivray, Seicheprey, Flirey,
Limev, Regniville and Fey-en-Haye and through the Foret du Bois
de Pretre to a point on the Moselle river just above Pont-a-Mousson,
about forty kilometers from St. Mihiel. The total length of this
salient was about sixty-five kilometers; at its gorge between Les
Eparges and Regniville it was about thirty kilometers wide, and
from the line between these two points it thrust forward from the
general configuraion of the front about twenty-two kilometers into

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 469

French territory. Directly back of it and supporting it, with ex-
cellent rail and road communications, was the great German fort-
ress of Metz, hardly over fifty kilometers from St. Mihiel.

During the first year of the war the French made several power-
ful efiforts to wipe out the St. Mihiel salient with its constantly envel-
oping threat to Verdun. But, working under the tactical theories
of trench warfare then in vogue, they met with little success so far
as ground gains were concerned.

The first effort was made at Les Eparges, where, in February,
191 5, they began an attack to break down the face of the hills to the
])lain of the Woevre. After the attack had been sustained on into
April the French were in possession of Les Eparges and believed that
they had killed 30,000 Germans. But their own losses had been very
heavy, the salient was not yet l:)roken and the effort here was given
over.

During the summer of 191 5, they again attacked, this time along
the southern face and particularly at Apremont, beneath the edge of
the hills, and at the Bois le Pretre. At the latter place they tried
to force their way down the deep ravines into the valley of the Mo-
selle. For months the battle went on, literally from tree to tree,
until the forest had been wiped from the face of the earth.

By this time the French had captured most of the few square
kilometers of ground within the confines of the woodland, but at a
terrible cost of life, and shortly afterwards a German counter-offen-
sive of the same nature forced them to relinquish a considerable part
of the ground gained. From that time until September, 19 18, the
St. Mihiel salient remained among the "quiet sectors" not because
the French did not desire to oblierate it but because their forces
were too constantly engaged on other and more vital fronts to allow
of the great concentration necessary for its reduction.

AMERICANS ON salient's EDGES

Largely because it was a quiet sector lying in that region of east-
ern France which, from the first entry of the United States into the
war, had been designated as the zone of operations of the future Am-
erican armies, several of the American divisions first to arrive were
placed along different parts of the salient, particularly between Pont-
a-Mousson and Apremont, as part of their training in becoming
first-class fighting divisions.

This was the case with the First and Twenty-sixth Divisions, of
which at least one, the Twenty-sixth, had a battle there of no insig-
nificant proportions when one day in April a German shock regiment
attacked Seicheprey, carried the village, held it for a short time and
was then ejected by the New Englanders.

470 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

It was quite natural, therefore, that when the American forces in
France had at last, by the latter part of August, 191 8, risen to num-
bers sufficient to constitute an army, having at least nine divisions
which had participated in the great offensive battles between the
Marne and the Vesle, and corps staffs which had learned to function
in command of troops in major operations, the St. Mihiel salient
should have been selected as the place for the First American Army
to demonstrate its power and fitness as a fighting unit.

In addition to relieving Verdun and is rail communications, the
suppression of the salient would restore 150 square miles of occupied
French territory, including a city inhabited before the war by 10,000
people ; would reverse the threat of Cierman attack on Verdun to a
threat of Allied attack on Metz, and would furnish a base line for
future operations both against the Briey iron fields just north and
east of Metz, which were vital to Germany's war industries, and
against the double track railroad which, running up from Alsace
through Metz, Montmedy, Sedan and Mezieres to Valenciennes in
Flanders, furnished the means of transportation by which German
divisions were rapidly shuttled back and forth as needed from one
end of their Western battle front to the other.

FIRST ARMY IN THE MAKING

The general conception of the operation having taken form, avail-
able American divisions were gradually drawn into the front and rear
zones adjacent to the salient, some from the training areas farther
back, some from the quiet sectors of the front in Alsace and the Vos-
ges mountains, but particularly a number of divisions which had
recently gone through the hard fighting in the Marne salient. In
addition, a considerable number of French troops already in position
were placed under American command.

The staff' of the First American Army was created and General
John J. Pershing, commander-in-chief of the American Expedition-
ary Forces, himself took command of that army for its first opera-
tion, as a natural preliminary to assuming command of the group of
armies which were soon to be organized.

The first work, necessarily, was the constitution of the army itself,
a complex mechanism which had to be built and made to work prop-
erly from the front line back to the Services of Supply, which now,
for the first time, were called upon to take complete care of their
own army from their own base ports to their own railheads.

After that, for the coming operation itself, maps and plans, of
which the army orders alone, including battle instructions, field
orders, etc., filled a book of fifty-five pages, were worked out by the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA \^ISTA COUNTY 471

staff with a detailed care probably never before bestowed upon the
preparation of an American army for battle.

The exact zone of action of every organization, the objectives to
be attained at certain hours and minutes all along the line, the duties
to be performed by every one of the multitudinous units of the army ;
infantry, field, heavy and railway artillery, engineers, tanks, pur-
suit, reconnoissance, observation and bombing aviation, cavalry, gas
and flame troops, ammunition and supply trains and other motor trans-
port. Signal Corps troops, water supply, anti-aircraft defense, hospi-
tal units, troops charged with the evacuation of prisoners, with traf-
fic control and with liaison- — ^all these details and many more minutely
prescribed and no contingency that could be foreseen was left un-
provided for.

SEPTEMBER 12 "d day"

At length September 12th was definitely fixed as "D Day," and
"H Hour" as 5 o'clock in the morning, and there began the gradual
concentration of attacking troops along the front, concealed from the
enemy by every possible artifice and precaution. The troops already
in sector, which were, from right to left around the salient, the
Eighty-second, Ninetieth, Eighty-ninth, and First United States Di-
visions, and the Thirty-ninth, Twenty-sixth, and Second Dismounted
Cavalry French Divisions, maintained only their normal activities.
New batteries of artillery coming in were not allowed to register on
the targets in their zones of fire; aviation activity was not increased,
and the masses of arriving troops and transport marched by night
and concealed themselves by day.

Nevertheless the enemy got an inkling of what was going on, and
several days before the actual attack he began preparations for evac-
uating the salient in case of necessity. But, judged by the standard
of previous German military decision, their measures in his case
.seem to have been curiously nerveless and hesitating.

Apparently they were somewhat awed by the magnitude of the prep-
arations against them; at all events, they neither reinforced the sa-
lient so strongly as to guard it against any attack, nor frankly gave
it up and abandoned it; though it should be noted that at this
time the German mass of reserves was already pretty thoroughly in-
volved in opposing the British and French offensives between the
Somme and the Oise.

In the St. Mihiel salient they stopped some construction work which
was in progress and began slowly withdrawing some heavy artillery
and supplies. But, on the othe hand, orders were issued to the troops
in the sector and those within close supporting distance looking to the
holding of the positions with the forces on the ground.

The German defenses, after the expenditure upon them of four

472 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

years of labor, were naturally strong in themselves. Behind the in-
tricate and deeply-organized first line they embraced a second line
called the Schroeter zone, which Avas virtually a smaller salient five
or more kilometers inside the original one. Starting northeast of
Les Eparges at one end, it ran south over the heights of the Meuse,
uilizing their boldest profiles so as just to retain their eastern escarp-
ments, then near Varvinay, swinging east to Buxieres, and then, be-
hind the deep valley of the Rupt de Mad, running northeast by Non-
sard, Lemarche, Beney, and Xammes to Rembercourt.

Here it connected with the Michel position, the real withdrawal po-
sition of the salient, which was a part of that ultimate system of de-
fense called in some places the Hindenburg line, in some the Kriem-
hilde Stellung, and so on, but which everywhere the Germans re-
garded as the line on which they should say to the Allies, "Thus far
and no farther."

The Schroeter zone covered the roads leading northeast from St.
Mihiel by Chaillon and north from Apremont by Heudicourt, through
Vigneulles and St. Benoit-Woevre to Gorze, behind the center of the
Michel position. It was largely no more than a wire line, well sited
but only partly intrenched, and, though fairly strong by nature, the
fact remained that it was a temporary withdrawal position only ; that
a good 22 kilometers intervened between the St. Benoit crossroads
and the main salient at either Apremont or the Chauvoncourt bridge-
head, and that it would be necessary, in case of a strong attack, if the
forces around the latter points were to escape capture, for the hold-
ing troops to keep the Schroeter zone intact until the retreating col-
umns could clear their flanks past St. Benoit.

DISPOSITION OF enemy's FORCES

It was to the prevention' of this result that the American
battle plans were largely directed, and for its accomplishment that the
Germans made some rather hesitating arrangements.

Thanks to some German official reports captured some time after
the event, it is possible to know with more accuracy and detail than
usual something of the disposition and movements of the enemy's
forces during the operations in the salient.

It appears that Lieutenant General Fuchs, commanding Army De-
tachment "C," disposed in the salient from right to left the Twenty-
fifth Austro-Hungarian Division, forming, perhaps with troops of the
Eighth Landwehr Division, to its right, the "Combres, group" ; the
One Hundred Ninety-second Division and the Fifth Landwehr Di-
vision forming the "Mihiel group," and the Tenth Division form-
ing the "Gorze group." The Thirty-first Division was in close re-
serve, and the One Hundred Twenty-third, the One Hundred

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 473

Seventh and Eighty-eighth Divisions further away, but within reach.

On the extreme right flank, lapping over the front which Was ac-
tually attacked, the Eighth Lanclwehr Division apparently belonged
to the Fifth Army of General von Francois, while on the extreme left,
astride the Moselle, was the Two Hundred Fifty-fifth Division, com-
mand of which, for purposes of better coordination, had been repeat-
edly requested by Fuchs, but which he did not receive until 5 145
o'clock on the morning of the attack.

Probably all of these divisions were very far below 9,000 rifles
each which the Allies reckoned as the normal strength of German
divisions, but it was claimed that the One Hundred Ninety-second
and the Tenth Divisions were particularly depleted, while the Seven-
tieth was regarded as unreliable because of the large proportion of
Alsace-Lorrainers in its ranks.

FOUR ALLIED ARMY CORPS

The order of battle given differed materially from that presumed at
the time by the American command, which believed nine divisions to
be in line with one in support, instead of seven in line with four in
support. According to the estimate of General Fuchs, he had in line
one division to each twelve kilometers of front, which perhaps meant
with disposable reserves, a total of 75,000 men. With their wonder-
fully organized defense and immense c[uantities of artillery and ma-
chine guns, such a force could logically be expected to make a very
stubborn defense.

On the front to be attacked, General Pershing disposed four Army
Corps. The First United States Corps was under Major General
Hunter Liggett and operated from Clemery, east of the Moselle, to
Limey; the Fourth United States Corps, under Major General Joseph
T. Dickman, operated from Lime}^ to Xivray; the Second Colonial
Corps (French), under Major General Blondelat, later under Major
General Claudel, operated from Xivray to Mouilly, and the Fifth Uni-
ted States Corps, under Major General George H. Cameron, operated
from Mouilly to Watronville.

The First Corps had from right to left the Eighty-second, the
Ninetieth, the Fifth, and the Second Divisions, with the Seventy-
Eighth in reserve. Of these the Eighty-second, imder Major General
William P. Burnham, was to hold fast with its right and follow up
with its left, which was astride the Moselle, the advance of the line
further to the west. The Ninetieth, Major General Henry T. Allen;
the Fifth, Major General John A. McMahon, and the Second, Major
General John A. Lejeune, were to advance in sectors which, swinging
on the pivot of the Eighty-second, had a direction first northwest and
then north, ending in front of the German Michel position. The Sec-

474 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

oncl Division, which was on the marching flank, had Thiaucourt to
capture, and was the only division of the corps which would have to
cross the Rupt de Mad and penetrate, at its extreme left end, the
enemy's retired salient, or Schroeter zone.

The Fourth Corps had from right to left, the Eighty-ninth, Forty-
Second, and First Divisions, with the Third Division in reserve. The
Eighty-ninth, Major General W. M. Wright, closely cooperating with
the Second Division in cleaning up trenches and woods, was to move
in a general northward direction, crossing the Rupt de Mad and the
Schroeter zone just west of Thiaucourt and driving across the enemy's
St. Mihiel-Gorze line of retreat just northwest of St. Benoit.

The Forty-second, Major General Charles T. Menoher, and the
First, Major General Charles P. Summerall, starting from the region
of Seicheprey and Richecourt, were to mop up the country around La-
hayville, St. Baussant, Essey, Pannes, and Nonsard, so heartily hated
for many weary months by American divisions in training, and then
to push on to Vigneulles and St. Benoit.

OBJECTIVES AND EXPIvOlTATlON

The advance of the First and Fourth Corps was to attain certain
objective lines by given times; a "ist phase" line just short of the Rupt
de Mad was to be reached early on the I2th; a "ist day" line em-
bracing Thiaucourt and the crests beyond the Rupt de Mad as far as
Nonsard was to be reached by the evening of that day, and a "ist
phase, 2nd day" line, including Vigneulles and St. Benoit, was to be
reached as soon as possible on the 13th.

After this, if not already upon it, the advance was to be carried up
to the "Army Objective," which would be a line of resistance straight-
ened out in front of the enemy's Michel position, but at some distance
from the latter, while the "Line of Exploitation" would carry the
front, and particularly the outpost zone, as far ahead of the line of
resistance as it could be forced without undue effort and sacrifice.

The French Second Colonial Corps had from right to left the Thirty-
ninth and Twenty-sixth Infantry Divisions and the Second Cavalry,
with no division in corps reserve. The Thirty-ninth, Brigadier
General Pougin, was to follow up on its right the attack of the First
United States Division; the Second Cavalry Division was to follow
up on its left, across the hills of the Meuse, the attack of the Twen-
ty-sixth United States Division south of Les Parges. The inner
flanks of these divisions and the Twenty-sixth Infantry Division,
Brigadier General Belen, around the points of the salient and east
and north of St. Mihiel were to press in only strongly enough, by
means of limited frontal attacks and raids on important points, to
force the Germans to engage and prevent them from retiring until

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 475

the American attack could break across their line of retreat near
Vigneulles and St. Benoit.

Though it might reasonably be expected that the fighting here
would not be as heavy as on other parts of the front, the task assigned
to the Second Colonial Corps was one calling for great tactical skill,
as the pressure to be exerted would have to be carefully controlled
according to circumstances if the desired desults were to be achieved.
The formidable Mont Sec, which lay in the sector of the Twenty-
ninth Infantry Division, was not to be attacked directly, but engulf-
ed in the general advance.

ON salient's western face

The Fifth United States Corps had in line from right to left the
Twenty-sixth United States Division and the Fifteenth Colonial In-
fantry (French), with the Fourth LTnited States Division in reserve.
The Twenty-sixth Division, Major General Clarence E. Edwards,
came into the line east of Mouilly on the nth, replacing the French
Second Cavalry under Major General Hennoque, which dropped back
to a support position in the rear.

The Twenty-sixth Division was to make its attack at 8 a. m., three
hours after the advance should have begun on the south face of the
salient, and was to drive southeast across the hills and up the creek
valley of the Ruisseau du Longeau to a "ist day" line just east of the
village of Dommartin.

Thence, it was to swing east with its extreme right flank overrun-
ing Hattanchatel, where it would come into contact with the left of
the First Division, Fourth Corps, advancing from the other side of
the salient, and close the enemy's line of retreat from St. Mihiel to
Gorze. From this line it would then swing northeast down the faces
of the hills to the army objective line fronting the Michel position on
the plain of the Woevre.

To the left of the Twenty-sixth Division, the French Fifteenth
Colonial Infantry Division, Major General Guerin, swinging on a
smaller arc of the same semi-circle, was to attack in front the enemy's
strong positions on the three detached hills of Les Eparges, Combres,
and Amaranthe while the Twenty-sixth Division was flanking them
through the creek valley, and after capturing them was to line up with
the Twenty-sixth Division on the army objective. The -Fourth Uni-
ted States Division, Major General John L. Hines, of which, at the
last moment, a part was put in line on the extreme left, was to follow
up as a hinge, performing the same functions on that flank that the
Eighty-second Division performed on the other.

476 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

GREAT ENVELOPING OPERATION

The whole great maneuver was designed to be, in effect, an envel-
oping operation, breaking through the bases of the salient, closing to
its center and pocketing its garrison. Altogether for the attack the
First American Army had, as indicated above, eight divisions in line
and three corps in reserve, counting the Fourth as reserve, while in ad-
dition, the Thirty-fifth and Ninety-first Divisions were in army re-
serve and the Eightieth and Thirty-third Divisions were available
if needed.

This meant about 216,000 xA.merican possibly 48,000 French troops
in line, and about 190,000 American troops in reserve, or more than
400,000 American troops for the battle. General Pershing had
therefore assembled, in the First American Field Army which had
existed since the Civil War, a mass of x\merican troops considerably
more than three times as large as had ever before been assembled in
one army, the largest previous one having been the Army of the Po-
tomac, under General Grant before Petersburg in 1864-1865, which
numbered at its maximum about 125,000 men.

To compare it in numbers with other armies of the past preceding
the World War, Napoleon's Grand Army at Leipzig numbered 160,-
000, and that of his Austrian, Russian, and Prussian opponents 240,-
000; the German army at Sedan numbered 250,000 men, and the Jap-
anese and Russian armies at Mukden, the largest up to that time au-
thenticallv recorded in the history of the world, each numbered about
310,000 men.

Although General Fuchs was in direct command of the German
troops in the salient, the real antagonist of the Americans was Gen-
eral von Gallwitz, the commander of the army group of which Fuchs'
detachment formed a part.

Von Gallwitz was an officer of high rank at the beginning of the
war. He commanded an army group of the German forces during
the intense fighting arid constant maneuvering in Poland in 191 5.
Later that year and during part of 1916 he was in command of an
army in Macedonia, and in the fall of 1916 the Second German Army
on the Somme was placed under him.

In Alarch, 191 7, he was put in command of the Fifth Army in the
\'erdun sector and at a later date was given the army group which
he still had in September, 191 8. On the score of experience in ma-
nipulating masses of troops on many victorous fields, the Germans
certainlyhad rather the best of it. But the sequel showed, as it
often has done, that in such matters experience and prestige are not
everything.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 477

St. Mihiel Attack Clean Cut Victory of American Arms
From the Stars and Stripes:

It has seemed worth while to describe in some detail the rather in-
tricate battle plans of the American army for the reduction of the
St. Mihiel salient because, from the American side, the description of
the plans amounts almost to a description of the battle. Seldom in
history has a military operation been carried out more precisely ac-
cording to program.

At I o'clock on the morning of September 12th, the artillery prep-
aration began with one terrific burst of flame from many hundreds of
guns, French as well as American, ranging in size from the 75's to
the great seacoast guns, some as large as 400 mm. in caliber, which, fir-
ing from railway mounts, carried harassing fire to rail and road junc-
tions as far behind the German lines as St. Benoit, Mars-la-Tour,
Gorze, Conflans, and even Metz.

The stupendous bombardment shook the earth for four hours, driv-
ing the enemy's troops into their dugouts, tearing up their trenches
and demoralizing their communications of every description. Mean-
time, the hundreds of thousands of infantrymen, the hundreds of
machine guns, the scores of American and French tanks, and the great-
est assemblage of American, British, and French aviation ever em-
ployed for a single operation on the western front all waited, tense
and eager, for the word to sweep forward over the shell torn fields
and roads and trenches which a heavy rain that had begun in the
evening was rapidly turning to quagmire.

rolling barrage starts

At 5 o'clock, which was still twenty minutes before daybreak of that
wet and foggy morning, the bombardment of the German front lines
in the sectors of the First and Fourth Corps suddenly changed to a
rolling barrage, and behind it the infantry jumped ofif, preceded by
detachments with wire-cutters and bang"alore torpedoes to destroy
the numerous successive belts of German entanglements.

Immediately occurred the first agreeable surprise. The enemy's
wire was in very poor condition, rusty or broken. Little difliculty
was experienced in passing it, some of the troops even being able to
go over or through it without cutting. At most points only scattered
infantry fire greeted the Americans as they advanced, and upon their
arrival at the trenches the Gerniaii soldiers began popping up out of
the dugouts, boyaux, and strong points and surrendering with the
utmost docility.

The feats of many individual Americans were exemplified at St.

478 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Baussant, just north of Seicheprey, where Corporal Frank Smith,
Company K, One Hundred Sixty-sixth Infantry, Forty-second Di-
vision, discovering a German machine gun about to open an cnfihid-
iiig fire on his platoon, shot the gunner, i)ursued the other three men
of the gun crew, who fled, and after capturing them dashed into the
village and, single-handed, took sixteen more prisoners in one group.
Somewhat later the same morning, at Bouillonville, in the sector
of the Eighty-ninth Division, Sergeant Harry A. Adams, Ci^npany
K, Three Hundred Sixty-third Infantry, chased a fleeing German
into one of the houses of the village, fired the last two shots from his
pistol through the door, which the fugitive slammed behind him, and
demanded the surrender of the occupants. His demand was com-
plied with, but he was rather astonished to have something like 300
Germans, including seven officers, file out and give themselves up to
him.

HARD TO KEEP UP WITH RUSH

It was obvious why streams of prisoners, very soon after the attack
began, were pouring back to the American rear on every road and
path. The advance, however, proceeded with all the precautions ar-
ranged beforehand, the troops flanking the successive woodlands,
farms, villages, machine gun emplacements, and other probable cen-
ters of resistance and mopping them up afterward.

There was some artillery fire from the German batteries further
back, but otherwise, especially at the beginning, the enemy seemed
paralvzed and impotent. While the Allied aviation completely con-
trolled the air, the majestic sweep of the host below rolled on over
everything so rapidly that few of the tanks or field batteries detailed
to accompany the front lines could keep up with them.

From the facts now known concerning the efiforts of the Germans
to stem the flood, it appears that when the bombardment began, only
their Seventy-seventh and Tenth Divisions, which had long been in
sector there , were on the southern front opposite the First and
Fourth United States Corps. The Thirty-first and One Hundred
Twenty-third Divisions were assembled in reserve at convenient
points behind the Michel position, and as soon after the bomlxardmcnt
began as General von Galhvitz would consent to their movement,
they were marched toward Thiaucourt.

Long before they approached it, the Americans had smashed com-
pletely through the Seventy-eighth and Tenth Divisions, and at
11:50 a. m. the advance of the Second Division was in Thiaucourt,
the most important German center and supply depot of the salient.

General Fuchs thereupon ordered his approaching reserve divis-
ions to counter-attack, the Thirty-first against Thiaucourt and
the One Hundred Twenty-third against Vieville-en Haye, southeast

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 479

of Thiaucourt. But the counter-attack was not vigorous enough to
have more llian a temporary delaying effect upon the Americans, tlie
attack on Thiaucourt being put down by Third Brigade of the Second
Division and tliat on Vieville by the Tenth Brigade of the Fifth Di-
vision and the troops of the Ninetieth Division.

The Fifth Division, indeed, was already on its sector of the army
objective at 10 a. m. and met the counter-stroke there, while the
Ninetieth reached it at 4 p. m. and the Second at 5 p. m. The lively
figliting near Thiaucourt and Vieville inspired many deeds of hero-
ism, such as those of Sergeant E, S. Willis, Company A, Fifteenth
Machine Gun Battalion, Fifth Division, who led his section with the
greatest courage and while consolidating his objective was severely
wounded by shrapnel but remained in command until he fainted from
weakness; of Private Joseph Thornton, Company I, Eleventh Infan-
try, Fifth Division, who alone charged an enemy trench with an auto-
matic rifle and forced the surrender of the occupants, and of Sergeant
Gilmore Tomlin, Company G, Sixth Infantry, Fifth Division, who
similarly charged alone a machine gun nest which was firing on his
company, killed the gunner and captured the gun.

The Ninetieth Division made its splendid advance through the for-
bidding waste of the devastated Bois de Fretre, the network of trench-
es and the woods and deep ravines of its sector largely because of the
impetuous gallantry in rushing machine gun nests and because of
such an act as that of Corporal Jesse W. Grisham, Company L, Three
Hundred Ninety-fifth Infantry, who jumped out of a trench when his
company was held up by an impassible wire entanglement, ran for-
ward under heavy machine gun fire and cut sufficient paths for his
comrades to pass through before he was himself killed.

SHARP FIGHTING AT QUART DE RESERVE

The Eighty-ninth, Forty-second and First Divisions, of the Fourth
Corps, with longer distances to cover, moved forward with as rapid
strides as the divisions of the First Corps, and the German front lines
were taken almost as fast as the troops could march over them.

Probably the most serious opposition anywhere encountered was
that presented to the First Division by some troops of the enemy's
Tenth Division at the last trench line of his forward system, where
it ran through the Quart de Reserve, a small woodland about half
way between Lahayville and Nonsard. It cost that First Division
about 600 casualties to take these woods, but nevertheless it was on
the "ist Phase" line with the rest of the corps front by noon.

At evening all the divisions of the corps had far overrun the "ist
Day" line, with the Eighty-ninth in possession of Beney and Xammes,
the Forty-second well north of Pannes in the Bois de Thiaucourt, and

48o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

the First north of Nonsard in the Bois de Nonsard. Though it had
not experienced the earHer offensive battles of the other divisions in
the corps, the Eighty-ninth kept fully abreast of them, led by such
officers as First Lietit. John H. Ale, Three Hundred Fifty-fifth In-
fantry, who, after losing his right hand and being wounded in the
chest and both legs and finding that he could not possibly go further,
told his platoon that he was confident that the pride in their organi-
zation would enable them to go on without him and with his own su-
perb courage fired them to continue the advance.

CAVALRY TAKES A HAND

The First Division, being on the outer flank, was pushing hard all
the afternoon to reach and cut the St. Mihiel-Gorze highway between
Heudicourt and Vigneulles. Before 2 o'clock, tanks and a squad-
ron of the Second United States Cavalry, closely supported by in-
fantry, struck west through the Bois de Nonsard and the Bois de
Creue and by 4 p. m. had crossed the road and taken some prisoners,
though they were too few to exploit their success, and some of the
enemy's troops, pressing their retreat in desperate haste from Apre-
mont before the advancing French, could still make their way
past, while the road over the hills from St. Mihiel by way of Chaillon
to Vigneulles was yet open.

The tanks, waddling about over the fields on their special missions,
had adventures of their own, like those of the battalion imder Major
Sereno E. Brett, who went ahead of his tanks on foot and guided
them through the machine gun and artillery fire all the way from
Richecourt to the Bois Quart de Reserve, and like that one under
Captain Harry H. Semmes, which fell into Rupt de Mad and was com-
pletely submerged, whereupon Captain Semmes, escaping through
the turret door, found that his driver was still in the tank, and, under
machine gun fire, returned and rescued him.

HANDS ACROSS THE SALIENT

At that time a brigade of the Third Division — Fourth Corps Re-
serve— having been sent up to reinforce the First Division, the left
flank of the latter was pushed eastward decisively, and by 10 o'clock
a company of the Twenty-eighth Infantry was firmly established
across the important road. At 3:15 a. m. of the 13th the ad-
vance detachments of the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Infantry, of
the First Brigade, were in the outskirts of both Vigneulles, in the
plain, and Hattonchatel, on the brow of the hills, effectually closing
all remaining roads northward and eastward out of the salient, while
about 7 o'clock in the morning the patrols of the First and the Twen-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 481

ty-sixth Divisions encountered one another in Hattonchatel, thus
joining hands across the base of the obhterated sahent.

Turning now to the region west of the Fourth United States Corps
we find the troops of the Second Colonial Corps performing their deli-
cate mission with the greatest success. At the points where follow-
up attacks with limited objective were to be made, they were sched-
uled to jump ofif one hour after the beginning of the general Ameri-
can advance.

In accordance with the arrangements, during the course of the
day the Thirty-ninth French Di\'ision captured Apremont, Loupmont,
and Mont Sec, forcing the Germans to engage a large part of their
forces in action, and thus delaying their retreat by the threatened road
through Heudicourt, Vigneulles, and St. Benoit. The Twenty-sixth
French Infantry and the Second French Cavalry Divisions, employ-
ing similar tactics, engaged the Germans around the nose of the sali-
ent and along its western front.

Finally, when the proper moment came, they broke through with
strong raids at Spada and Marie Hill, north of St. Mihiel, clearing
the Chauvoncourt bridgehead, partially occupying the city of St. Mi-
hiel, and from Spada driving in to Chaillon, where they came outside
the road over the heights of the Meuse by which a large part of the
enemy had to retreat from St. Mihiel to Vigneulles and the Michel
position.

AUSTRO-HUNGARIANS ROUTED

On the extreme left, the Second Cavalry Division vigorouslv sec-
onded the attack of the Twenty-sixth L^nited States Division, drove
the troops of the Thirty-fifth Austro-Hungarian Division through
their successive systems of powerful trenches on the hills and ravines
slopes overlooking the Meuse Valley, and greatly assisted in reducing
this division to the stream of panic-stricken fugitives which, as night
fell, was fleeing blindly through the upland forests towards the open
plains eastward.

The attack of the Fifth United States Corps going ofif at 8 a. m.
had by noon carried the Twenty-sixth United States and the Fif-
teenth French Colonial Infantry Divisions to the crest of the hill of
Les Eparges and close up to the western edge of St. Remy and the
woods of that village, but not without hard fighting.

Well established in their exceedingly strong positions, the troops of
the enemy's Combres group, which, in front of the Twenty-sixth
United States, were the Sixty-third Austro-Hungarian Infantry,
the right regiment of the Thirty-fifth Austro-Hungarian Division,
and the Eighty-second Landwehr Regiment of the Eighth Division,
and, in front of the Fifteenth French Colonial Infantry Division, the

482 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Fifteenth and Fiftieth Regiments of the Eighth Landwehr Division, at
first made a vigorous defense.

But they were heavily outnumbered, and, although, after the Fif-
teenth French Colonial Division had captured the crest of Les Epar-
ges Hill, a counter-attack by three or four reserve companies of the
Fifteenth Landwehr Regiment recovered a part of the ground, they
were soon driven back, while on the rest of the front the enemy grad-
ually gave way without any attempts at reaction.

Until night parts of the Seventh Landwehr Division clung to the
eastern crests of the hills of Les Eparges, Combres, and Amaranthe,
and then retreated to the Voivre plain. Forcing its way after the
retiring Austro-Himgarians, however, the Twenty-sixth Division
drove them first from their strong Tranche de Tilsit, then from the
Tranche de Kiel, and, finally following their disordered retreat
through the woods, captured the villages of St. Remy and Doumartin.

ordj;red forward to vigneulles

Toward evening an order came to the Twenty-sixth to push a bri-
gade forward to Vigneulles. The regiment in divisional reserve
together with the divisional machine gun battalion, were at once
stai^ted across the hills for that objective and reached it and Hat-
tonchatel by 2 a. m. of the 13th, while the other regiment of the bri-
gade, which had to be assembled from deployment, followed a few
hours later. At 7 a. m. of the 13th, as previously mentioned, liai-
son was complete across the base of the salient on the army objective.

The efforts put forth by the Germans against the attack on Sep-
tember 1 2th seem to have been singularly ineffectve. Undoubtedly
this was largely due to their great inferiority of numbers, but it does
not appear th3.t General von Gallwitz might not have remedied this
and made a better showing. His subordinate, General Fuchs, had
warned him repeatedly of the imminence of a heavy American attack
on the salient, yet he let matters drift without guaranteeing the safety
of the troops and the vast quantities of material which it contained
either by reinforcement or retirement.

When the attack broke on the south front, several days before even
Fuchs looked for it, the Eighty-seventh Division at once went to
pieces, as had been anticipated, while the Tenth Division, to its right,
though a somewhat higher state of morale caused it to fight as it
retired, had its flank in the air and could do nothing efifective.

Fuchs' appeals to his higher command brought no response in the
way of support, and he early devoted the body of his local reserves,
the Thirtieth and One Hundred Twenty-second Divisions, to the
counter-attacks in the region of Thiaucourt, which at least resulted
in saving the part of his Michel position northeast of there from be-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 4S3

ing pierced by the exploitation of the First United States Corps from
its army objective.

VAIN ATTEMPTS TO STEM TIDE

Shortly before noon, Fuchs learned that the American advance on
the south had pushed the Tenth Division back across the Rupt de
Mad, and he then received information from the other flank that his
Combres group had been attacked, that St. Remy had fallen, and that
the Combres Hill was also probably lost.

Although at that time the One Hundred Ninety-second Division,
along the hills north of St. Mihiel, and the Fifth Landwehr Division,
eastward to Apremont, seemed able to withstand the French attacks,
Fuchs, alarmed by the rapid penetration of the American columns
from south and northwest toward their line of retreat at VigneuUes
and St. Benoit, hastily issued orders transferring the defense to the
Schroeter zone and directing the retreat of the One Hundred Ninety-
second and the Fifth Landwehr Divisions upon that line.

At the same time he sent instructions to various scattered battal-
ions and companies, at rest or working in the rear areas, to converge
upon Nonsard and Lemarche for the protection of the St. Benoit
crossroads. But about 2 o'clock Pannes and Nonsard had been taken
by the Forty-second and First Divisions, and the cavalry and tanks
as the latter division was advancing eastward toward the road be-
tween Heudicourt and VigneuUes, while some forty deep-flying battle
planes were attacking the chateau grounds and crossroads of St. Be-
noit with machine guns and grenades, and the French were driving
back the One Hundred Ninety-second Division from the heights of
the Meuse.

LAST ENEMY RESERVES THROWN IN

Everything was tumbling in and, the Schroeter zone being already
broken at Nonsard, Fuchs gave up hope of defending it and ordered
everything back to the Michel position, meantime devoting all his
efforts to patching up some sort of a line for delaying the irresistible
rush of the First and Forty-second Divisions toward Heudicourt,
VigneuUes, and St. Benoit.

On his own initiative, the commander of the Fifth Landwehr Di-
vision had already ordered the two resting battalions of his Twenty-
fifth and Twenty-sixth Landwehr Infantry Regiments to counter-
attack the American advance north of Heudicourt, establishing flank
contact with the other regimental fragments which were trying
to constitute a line through the woods toward a point southeast of
St. Benoit, and it was probably with these battalions that the Sec-
ond Cavalry collided on the road between Heudicourt and VigneuUes.

484 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY ,,/

About 5 130 in the afternoon the Eighty-eighth Division, Fuchs'
last reserve, having arrived within reach for use, was ordered into
the retirement sector of the Tenth Division in the Michel position
for the protection of the right flank of the Gorze group.

This disposition Fuchs probably made because by this time there was
not much left of the original Gorze group — the Tenth and Seventy-
seventh Divisions — to occupy its assigned sectors in the new battle
zone of the Michel position. The burden of holding the latter had
fallen upon the Thirty-first and One Hundred Twenty-third Division,
still fighting east and northeast of Thiaucourt, and the Eighty-
eighth Division.

Even the division which was in line just to the left of the Gorze
group, the Two Hundred Fifty-fifth, was being pushed back down the
Moselle by the vigorous follow-up attack of General Burnham's
Eighty-second Division, slowly but steadily advancing northward to-
ward Norroy.

All through the afternoon the stafifs of the German divisions which
were still down toward the point of the salient seem to have been find-
ing pressing business at the rear, establishing new posts of com-
mand well behind the Michel position a good many hours before any
of their retreating troops were even up to Vigneulles. Indeed, it was
2:30 o'clock in the morning of the 13th before the army detachment
commander had any news of the One Hundred Ninety-second Divis-
ion, whose advance was at that hour reported as having at last arriv-
ed in the Michel position. How much more of it eventually arrived
there, or how much of the Fifth Landwehr Division, is very uncertain.

CANNON LOSSES LAID TO BURSTS

However well Fuchs may have done with inadequate forces against
overwhelming odds and considering the utter lack of support from
his army group, he seems to have done very well — he was, at least in
his reports thus far available, very far from frank in his admission
of losses. He ascribed to the One Hundred Ninety-second- Division
total casualties of 715 officers and men, most of them missing, and 82
machine guns and minenwerfers, and to the Fifth Landwehr Divis-
ion casualties of 624 officers and men, also chiefly missing, and 82 ma-
chine guns and minenwerfers and two cannon, the latter on account
of bursts in bore.

Of the losses of other divisions he says nothing', yet, as a matter of
fact, the First American Army took in the operation approximately
14,500 prisoners, 443 pieces of artillery, and enormous quantities of
other material, by far the greater part during the first twenty-four
hours after the attack.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 485

The Seventy-seventh German Division, according to all evidence,
was virtually wiped out, while the Tenth Division and the Thirty-
fifth Austro-Hungarian Division suffered very heavily, indeed, the
Twenty-sixth United States Division alone taking 2,330 prisoners in
the fig"hting at the northwest corner of the salient, a large part of
them Austro-Hungarians.

The suppression of the St. Mihiel salient was virtually accomplished
within the space of one day, for in that time the army objective was
reached, if not overrun, at all points. During September 13th, 14th,
and 15th further progress, averaging three or four kilometers, was
registered along most of the front, frequently at the cost of hot local
fighting.

THROUGH BROKEN COUNTRY

It was in such fighting that the line of the Second Division, for
example, was carried forward through the broken country bordering
the Rupt de Mad about Jaulny and Bembercourt by the impetuous
daring of such men as Private G. M. Chatman, Seventy-fifth Com-
pany, Sixth United States Marines, who, being with his platoon in
an outpost position, which was being harassed by three German snip-
ers, jumped out, under the fire of their own rifles and that of machine
guns, charged them alone and overcame them.

Further to the right, in the sector of the Nineteenth Division, how
close the opposition lines were on the second day of the fight may be
realized from the fact that, while some American officers were hold-
ing a conference in a dugout on the outpost line near Vilcey, a Ger-
man patrol darted across the foot bridge over the little stream which
winds past Vilcey and threw a hand grenade into the dugout. Cor-
poral Willie Greene, Company B, Three Hundred Fifty-eighth In-
fantry, who was close by, promptly stood on the grenade to save his
officers from injury, and then, from his precarious position, shot two
of the retreating enemy patrol.

At the end of three days of this sort of work, when the Americans
virtually came to a stop close up before the Michel position, every-
where except for a short distance in the center, where most of the
■large Lake of Lachaussee remained for the ensuing few weeks within
the German lines, the outposts were ahead of the projected line of
exploitation and within a dozen kilometers of such places as Mars-la-
Tour, Vionville, and Gravelotte, whose bitter memories of 1870 were
soon to be effaced from the minds of the French people.

FOUR years' situation REVERSED

At last the situation of four years was reversed. The American
observatories on the redeemed heights of the Meuse, particularly the

486 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

one at Hattonchatel dominated the enemy's positions as formerly
from Mont Sec the Germans had dominated Xivray, Seicheprey, FH-
rev, and all the low country for miles south of these villao;es.

Besides the great number of prisoners and gains whose capture has
already been mentioned, the Americans and French took in the salient
vast quantities of light railway material and rolling stock, including
railway artillery, and all kinds of other military stores which the ene-
my left intact in his precipitate retreat. All through the woods were
cantonments vast enough for the army which they at times contained,
arranged with every comfort and convenience that semi-permanent
field cantonments could afford, left standing with everything in them
— bunks and bedding, stoves, dishes, cooking utensils, personal prop-
erty, even sometimes meals cooked and ready to be eaten on the
tables.

As an example of the booty won in the eastern part of the salient,
the Third Brigade, Second division, which captured Thiaucourt and
repulsed the German counter-attack there, losing in its operation five
officers and 8i enlisted men killed, and nine officers and 274 enlisted
men wounded, took from the enemy over 3,000 prisoners, including
74 officers, 92 pieces of artillery, including some guns of as large cali-
ber as eight inches loaded on cars in Thiaucourt, 6,000 rifles and 200
machine guns, over $5,000,000 worth of ammunition, a hospital train
complete with locomotive, a trainload of ammunition and. 51 other
standard-guage cars, numerous lumber yards, and hundreds of tons
of wire, tools, and other material.

VICTORY COST 7,000 CASUALTIES

Materially, this victory, perhaps the swiftest and most spectacular
ever achieved on the western front, yielded enormous prizes, and they
were gained at a cost of 7,000 casualties over fields, where, in earlier
efforts, the French had sometimes given many times that number to
win a single trench.

At St. Mihiel, America proved to her Allies that they had not
trusted her in vain; to her enemies that, in flouting her, they had
sealed for themselves irrevocably fate's decree of ignominious defeat.
Between the Argonne and the Meuse she was soon to bear, with those
same Allies, a glorious part in carrying that decree into final exe-
cution.

Through St. Mihiel

Written by Aage Eskildsen, Company C, Three Hundred Fifty-
seventh Infantry, Ninetieth Division.

Our approach to the St. Mihiel salient was by a series of night
marches which lasted for nearly two weeks. Enroute we stopped at

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 487

Martincourt, five miles back of the front-line trenches, where we
spent a few days cleaning up yards and streets. After three days of
training as to how to hold front-line trenches we camped in the tim-
ber a half mile out of Martincourt. On September loth the comman-
der sent the supply man after food supplies, but a shell hit him, blow-
ing man, cart, and horse all to pieces, so we cUd not get anything to
eat until the night of the nth, when a small portion of corned beef
was provided for each man. At night, after we got this little to
eat, we started for the front in a driving rain, reached the trenches
at I o'clock, remained here until 5 o'clock in the morning, when we
went o\'er the top for the first time. We started with 250 men and
at the finish of the fight had 137 left. Twelve were dead and the
rest wounded.

In this advance my friend, Lauritz ■Nlikkelsen, was shot down — he
with whom I had been since I had left Storm Lake. We had driven
the Germans out of their first and second-line trenches and were
waiting for our barrage to lift before taking the third line, when a
German soldier stood up and called, "Kamerad." Our sergeant or-
dered Mikkelsen to take the Boche back to another group of prison-
ers. Mikkelsen turned his head to answer the sergeant and just that
minute the German whipped a revolver out of his sleeve, shot Mik-
kelsen through the breast and then ran back to the trenches. But
our sergeant went right after him and got him when he was going to
leave the trenches.

We then took the third line trenches; that day we drove the Ger-
mans seven miles, taking lots of prisoners and ammunition and also
a small training camp. That night, between 10 and 12, we dug our-
selves in, which means to dig a hole in the ground large enough to
lay on one's knees, sometimes two or three in one hole, and always a
foot of water in the bottom. Over there if a hole is dug two feet
in the ground water will seep into it, and it was the same on a hill
top as in the valley.

For three days we had only what rations we carried, but on the
third day the kitchens came up about noon. At 6 o'clock on the 15th,
we again went over the top and drove the Germans back two miles or
more. The 23d of September, we were still at the same front. On
this date a new supply of blankets came up and we were put in a dug-
out; but the Germans put three shells in that same dugout, ruining
every blanket and also burying three of our men whom we had to
dig out. For three days and nights we dug trenches without any
sleep at all.

488 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Advanced Nineteen Kilometers

Written by Howard Crissy, Company M, One Hundred Sixty-
eighth Regiment, Forty-second Division.

The night of September nth we were camped in the Forest de la
Reine, about ten kilometers from where we were to hit the line on
the St. Mihiel salient. In spite of the heavy rainstorm which pre-
vailed most of the night, we had orders to l^e in the front line trenches
by midnight. However, the traffic of guns and supplies was so heavy
that we could not make it by the specified time.

Our barrage started at i a. m., and luckily for us the Germans did
not return much of a barrage, for we were still in the open because
we could not reach the trenches from which we were to make the at-
tack until about 2 -.7,0 a.m. We started from this trench at
the schedule time of 5 105. The guides who had been assigned to our
company to lead us through the wire entanglements had all been
either killed or wounded, so we had to find our own way. We had
some trouble keeping up with the rest of the outfit on account of
its being dark and rainy, .yet managed to catch up even with them as
we hit the German lines. About the second line is where we first
saw tanks in action. We struck pretty stifif fighting from the
time we hit their lines until we reached the woods back of their third
line.

It was here that we sufifered most of the casualties of this bat-
tle. Though we had some difficulty in clearing up the machine gun
nests in the woods it was in this part of the fight that we captured
quite a number of prisoners, for each of these nests usually had eight
to ten men.

From here we continued to a little village, meeting a stifif fight to
take the heights leading to the village. After capturing that we
went on to a little town named Essay which we took about noon. This
was about the place that we were to reach by night, our first day's
objective. Here we first got sight of released French civilians. They
were very much suprised to see American soldiers and did not waste
much time getting back to the interior of France. At Essay we were
"leap frogged" by the Second Battalion, and followed in reserve of
the First and Second. \\'ith only about forty men and no officers
left in our company we followed on to the village of Pannes, where
we sta}'ed all night. Here we captured a great amount of arms and
ammunition. I saw the ruins of an artillerv camp here. Dead horses
were strewn all around.

The next morning we were awakened by the artillery which had
moved up during the night. We moved forward about 5 o'clock on to
the towns of Beney and St. Benoit. At Beney we saw quite a num-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 489

ber of large captured cannon, and found the cellars well stocked with
beer and wine — and no drinking water anywhere near us. We
moved into the woods of Dampvitoux, our final objective, about 9:30
in the morning. We had proceeded faster than schedule, and be-
cause the new positions had to be protected by artillery and munitions
before foodstuffs were allowed to come up we did not get anything to
eat until noon of the 14th. Altogether we advanced a distance of
nineteen kilometers.

Later, when our outfit was assigned to duty with the Army of Oc-
cupation, I was billeted in the house of a man who fought at St. Mi-
hiel and whose son was killed in the action at Beney in which our
regiment recovered the town from the Germans. When he realized
that we belonged to the same outfit that had killed his son it was ne-
cessary to restrain him and to remove him from the vicinity in order
to prevent his doing harm to our men.

The tanks were of considerable help to us, as they would go right
through the wire entanglements and make paths for us to go through ;
also would destroy machine-gun nests. I saw one tank in trouble in
a trench which was too deep and too wide for it to go through. The
last I saw of it it was still trying to get out. These tanks were small
French tanks operated by American soldiers.

In the Coast Artillery

Written by Sergeant Emmet L. Holmes, Battery B, Fifty-seventh
Artillery, Thirty-first Brigade.

The memory of my experience at the front will always be with me,
but war and the actual feeling and emotions derived from an active
part in it can never be truly pictured to others, therefore I trvtst that
an effort will be appreciated.

Our regiment, the Fifty-seventh Coast Artillery, went into posi-
tion on the nth of September and the drive commenced on the fol-
lowing morning about 5 o'clock. The drive was planned so perfect-
ly that we met but little resistance and the doughboys had gained
their objective by 8 130 a.m.

It was in this position that we experienced our first night air raid.
The town of Vignot was well protected, as a great many caves had
been built and at the first signal the women and children ran scream-
ing to the caves. But the excitement of it all was too great for us
and it was with an effort that the officers kept vis off the streets. All
that could be heard was the hum of the engines and the bursting of
the dropped bombs. A bomb fell on either side of the road where our
guns were located, missing the emplacement by about fifty feet.
When an Allied plane took pursuit a battle was staged above us.

490 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

We could hear the two motors humming, each with its different hum,
and could see the flashes from the machine guns though the machines
themselves could not be seen. The sensation of having someone over
you dropping bombs when you cannot see is one not to be forgotten.

We received orders on the i8th to convoy to the Verdun front,
which movement took us two days, and on arriving there we were
given a position near what was formerly the vihage of Montzeville,
better known as Dead Man's Hill. In front of us was the Hinden-
burg line. This drive was wonderfully planned and thousands of
guns were brought up and put into position in less than four days
time. No guns, trucks, or other mtmitions were moved in this sec-
tion during the day, and in the great valley in which we were located
there was no visible movement that would signify that artillery was
being massed, yet at night the roads were one moving mass which
never stopped a minute. There were guns of all calibre, trucks con-
taining supplies, ammunition trains, machine gun carts, and men
moving toward the front, going into position every little distance.
When daylight came this activity ceased and it was as quiet in this
sector as on the preceding day. We were shelled by Fritz, of course,
but only a couple of times a day, while our guns and the reserve ar-
tillery going in never fired a shot. This was classed as the greatest
concentration of artillery during the war.

At the end of the fourth day, which was September 25, General
Pershing drove into the village to talk with our officers, and we later
learned that this was to see that everything was in readiness for the
drive. A few of the 75's opened up that evening about 11 :i5, and at
12:25 a.m. every gun was fired at rapid fire, which kept up for six
hours, after which a slower fire was ordered which kept up for four-
teen hours. For the first six hours the noise was terrific and the
whole valley was one mass of fire from the discharge of the guns.
Every battery had a definite schedule to work out and everything was
like clock work. The smaller guns put over the barrage for the in-
fantry and the 155's, eight-inch, and fourteen-inch naval guns did
the destruction work back of the German lines. Our battery, which
had the 155's, first fired at a German artillery battery, silencing it
in twenty-five minutes; then an ammunition dump, next a concentra-
tion of troops, then a convoy of supplies which was retreating, then
a reserve infantry camp, and so on until the schedule was completed.
The following morning we could see long lines of German prisoners
filing back through the heavy fog and some told us that nothing
could live through such a bombardment and that all they could do
was to retreat or surrender.

Two days later we moved to a position further on near Esnes to
take part in another drive October 4th. From there we moved to

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 491

Cuisy, where we were for two weeks, firing every day from three to
five hours at both rapid and slow fire. Rapid fire is one shot from
each of four guns e^'ery thirty seconds, while slow fire is generally
about fifteen shots an hour at irregular intervals. We were often
called upon to fire upon a wood filled with German machine guns
which the infantry could not take. We would put 150 or more shots
into it in less than twenty minutes and there would then be very
little resistance. We next went into position in the Argonne for-
ests near Romagne on the Argonne-Meuse front. Here we were
stationed in the edge of the wood and had to work thirty hours
straight getting the guns into place, as it rained for three days pre-
ceding this, with the consequence that the wood was one big mud
hole. Here we were shelled by the Germans every day and lost sev-
eral men. Every night we were disturbed by three or four gas
alarms, which proved in most cases to be sneeze gas, so no one was
seriously affected. We took part in the great November ist drive
which pushed the Germans back fifteen kilometers, or about eleven
miles. As soon as the heavy firing ceased our battalion was made a
pursuit battalion and ordered to move forward in pursuit. The fol-
lowing day we started to go into position just west of the village of
Bantheville, but before we had the guns set up we learned that the
Germans were retreating so fast we would be out of range, so we
went into position north of Beaufort and just one mile back of the
German front line. Here we were shelled continually and our bat-
tery lost three men killed, eleven wounded, and six gassed. I was
in charge of the communication work of the battery and it was almost
impossible for us to keep our telephone lines open on account of shell
fire, but by working day and night we were able to establish commu-
nication so that we could continue firing.

Our orders for the morning of November nth were to cease firing
promptly at 10:55, but we kept firing steadily until that fime, while
the Germans kept putting them all arovmd us until the agreed time.
I think that afternoon seemed more quiet to me than any I can
remember.

Our battery received four citations for excellent firing and valued
support in the drives, and yet another for being the battery of 155's
nearest the front lines.

Trained Ammunition Supervisors

Written by Sergeant R. H. Leonard of the Ordnance Detachment
of the Munitions Office, Corps Artillery, Fourth Army Corps.

On my arrival at intermediate ordnance ammunition depot No 4,
on April 15, 1918, we found a great amount of work in store for us.

492 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

This depot was between Verizon and Bourges, France, about one
kilo from the village of Foecy, and nearly ninety mile south of Cha-
teau Thierry.

A general idea of the size of this ammunition depot can be gained
from the fact that it was composed of eight warehouses, each i,ooo
feet long by seventy-five feet wide, with twelve-foot sides. Railroad
tracks were laid on both sides of each building, so one train could be
loading ammunition for the front, while on the other side could be
unloaded cars of ammunition which was being received. This was
an intermediate base depot, where the ammunition was first brought
from the ports on its arrival from the LTnited States or England, or
from the French factories.

From here we sent ammunition to the various army ammunition
dumps in the advanced sectors, of which I will relate later. Space
will not permit me to go into the many details of this place. By July
all of these buildings were full, with nearly twice as much stored on
the grounds outside. The munitions consisted of American thirty-
ball calibre and forty-five calibre cartridges, also four point seven's
and fourteen-inch shells, French 75's, 155's, 120's, and other sizes, also
British eight-inch and nine point two inches.

The spring of 1918 at this place found ordnance men, infantry
men, artillery men, and engineers all busy building warehouses and
railroads, and taking care of the ammunition which was coming in on
us so fast. In July I was sent through an ammunition school where
w€ were given a course preparatory for handling and supervising all
the various kinds of shell, ponders, fuzees, pyrotechnics, etc., on ad-
vance ammunition dumps at the front. In August I was sent to
Dongermain, in the Lorraine sector, an advanced army dump to
which we had shipped ammunition from intermediate depot No. 4.

We called these dumps railheads. The munitions had been trans-
ported thus far by broad-gauge railroad, and from here the smaller,
narrow gauge railroad hauled the supply as far toward the front as
it was possible for them to go, to what were called corps or division
dumps. I was at this place only two days when I was transferred to
duty with the First Army ammunition and artillery park on the other
side of Toul near the front. I was on corps and division dumps in
this sector until after the St. Mihiel drive of September 12th, when
the First Army left for the front and the Second Army was formed,
in which I was attached to the munitions staff of the artillery of
the Fourth Army Corps.

Our batteries had left a great amount of ammunition at gun em-
placements on the 1 2th, as they had been equipped for three days fir-
ing and only fired from i o'clock in the morning until a few hours
later when the advance had to be made in such haste that this supply

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 493

of ammunition was left behind at the old gun positions and only a
small portion could be moved ahead at that time. Soon after the
drive I was put in charge of some trucks, salvaging good material,
moving it ahead to advance dumps to be reissued. This work was
continued until in October when preparations were made for the
drive on Metz. Then I was put in charge of a dump near Thiau-
court, about twenty-five kilos from Metz. The corps and division
dumps were stationed around the heavy artillery, and from here the
various divisions drew their supplies of ammunition by trucks and
horse drawn caissons to their various battery and infantry positions.
After the armistice was signed, and on the 15th of November, I
started with the Fourth Corps troops toward Germany, where we
were stationed at Mayen, about twenty-five kilometers from Coblenz,
where we established our corps dump. In January, 1919, I was
sent by the chief ordnance ofticer to the Third Army at Coblenz to
recheck German ammunition and grenade depots in the vicinity of
Coblenz and across the Rhine near Neuvied. In February I helped
supervise the clearing out of ammunition at the fort across the Mo-
selle from Coblenz. This fort was called "Testa France." From
out of these underground dungeons we took millions of rounds of
British and French small arms ammunition which, during the pre-
ceding four years, the Germanshadcaptured, then policed ofif the fields
and stored in this place. We also took out of this arsenal a quantity
of German material which we shipped toward the United States. On
March 8th I received orders from General Headc^uarters to leave at
once for replacement camp in France, for transportation home and
immediate discharge, which was good news. I will say in conclu-
sion that being on an advanced ammunition dump under the enemy's
shell fire is not the most pleasant experience — and occasionally thev
located and blew up our dumps.

What Won the September Drive

This victory over the Germans was the result of three elements:
(i) the dogged steadfastness of the British and the heroism of the
French soldiers and civilians; (2) the brilliant strategy of General
Foch, and the unity of command which made this effective; (3) the
material and moral encouragement of the American forces, of whom
nearly 1,500,000 were in France before the end of August.

AusTRiANs Battle Southerners

During the same summer Austria initiated an offensive against the
Italians along the Piave River, probably with the design of drawing

494 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Allied forces away from the western front. The Italians proved an
adequate force, which repulsed the Austrians with heavj- losses.

The Balkans and Near East

The Balkan front was also a scene of great military activity. A
mixed army of Serbians, Greeks, Italians, British, and French under
the command of General D'Esperay, who held headquarters in Sa-
lonica, held the line from the Adriatic Sea to the ^gean. They
were opposed by an army of Bulgarians, Austrians, and Germans.
The defeat of the Germans in the west was a substantial encourage-
ment to the Allied forces in this territory, and the enemy whom they
faced was weakened b}' the withdrawl of troops to be used on the
western front. Under these conditions Allied forces began an offen-
sive, making advance after advance, capturing many thousands of
prisoners and recovering many miles of Albanian and Serbian terri-
tory. Bulgaria appealed for an armistice, accepted the terms de-
manded, and withdrew from the war. This action on their part cut
off the lines of communication between the Central Powers and Tur-
key and effectively curbed Germany's domination in the Balkans.
The moral effect in Germany, Austria, and Turkey was the greatest
result of this campaign. To the general public of these countries it
brought significance to the indications that it was only a question of
time until the Central Powers must surrender.

Developments were opening in Palestine and Syria, meanwhile.
The British army of General Allenby, who captured Jerusalem in the
latter part of 1917, was reenforced by Arab forces. An aggressive
joint campaign resulted in the capture of 50,000 Turkish soldiers
and hundreds of guns. The cities of Damascus and Aleppo, both
important, were taken by General AUenby's men in October. This
was followed by a British offensive in Mesopotamia. Turkey now
appealed for an armistice and on October 31st agreed to terms which
meant complete surrender.

Dissolution in Austro-Hungary; the establishment of independent
governments by the Czechs, the Hungarians, and the Jugo-Slavs
through revolutions in the several territories involved; the victory
of the Italians at the second battle of the Piave, all contribu-
ted to discouragement to the cause of the Central Powers.

The second battle of the Piave was opened October 24th, with the
Allied forces under the command of General Diaz. Thev crossed the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 495

river and broke up the Austrian lines. Through the capture of im-
mense numbers of men and guns the ItaHans performed a miHtary
feat that accorded them vengeance for the defeat of the year before.
Austria agreed to an armistice November 4th.

On Italian Battle Front

Written by Carl C. Hansen of Company C, Three Hundred Thirty-
second Regiment, Eighty-third Division.

Our regiment was the only fighting unit of soldiers sent to Italy.
We were sent to France in the first place, but were transferred to
Italy after being in France five weeks. Our regiment went to the
front lines on the 28th day of October, 1918, and remained there until
the armistice was signed. In the course of that time we advanced
from Treviso, Italy, to Carmon, Austria. The greatest sutifering
of our army life was experienced during this time, when we were
practically without food, found it necessary to sleep out of doors,
often when it was raining or when nights were so cold as to be ex-
ceedingly uncomfortable. I often wonder now how we ever got back
to the good old U. S. A.

It took us five days to start the Austrians back from the Piave
River, and when we reached the Taglimento River the Austrians
made their last stand. There they opened fire on us with twenty-
four machine guns, which made it decidedly uncomfortable just then.
My pal was killed right beside me, while I didn't get a mark of any
kind. I was born lucky, that's all. In that battle, called the bat-
tle of Vittorio Veneto, our regiment won great fame with the
Italian people.

We captured over 13,000 prisoners, who were as glad as we were
that it was over. They just refused to fight. They were a hard-
looking bunch of men, I must say.

Compel German Retreat

With the Germans driven back to their former lines in France, the
fear of the Allies was that the military operations would return to
the difficult form of trench warfare. However, they made their of-
fensive so strong that the Germans, even though strongly entrenched
in some cases to a depth of ten miles, could not hold out against the
terrific drive of Americans and Allies. Attacks were launched at
both ends and in the center. By October 20th, British and Belgian
troops, fighting in the north, recovered to the Allies all of the Bel-
gian coast, together with submarine bases. The British took the

496 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

city of Lens, where are located valuable coal mines, as well as the
city of Lille.

Troops fighting at central points forced their way to and took pos-
session of Cambrai, St. Quentin, and Laon.

Bellicourt

Harry W. Larson of Company K, One Hundred Twenty-ninth In-
fantry, Thirtieth Division, writes of the attack at Bellicourt, on the
Hindenburg line, which took place September 29th-30th, 1918.

At II o'clock of the night of September 23d, our regiment was
loaded into big army trucks and rushed south about seventy miles.
We arrived at Tincourt about 6 o'clock in the morning. We were
then at the Somme front, in the St. Quentin sector. We marched
about six miles to a big forest, where we stayed under cover all day.
On the night of the 27th, having kept moving, we were within about
3,000 yards of the trenches. We rested in dugouts that night and all
the next day. Then we found that we were to take part in a big bat-
tle. The Australians had, about six days before, driven the enemy
back over this same ground, and many dead Germans were piled up
along the roads and elsewhere. The enemy was shelling the dug-
outs where we were covered, and were putting over. gas. Our task
was to aid in breaking the famous Hindenburg line. Our division
and the Twenty-seventh, being shock troops, were put in for the sac-
rifice.

On the 29th of September, at 5:50 in the morning, we were to
make the attack. This was a Sunday morning. We rested all dav
Saturday, until late in the afternoon. Then we had additional am-
munition issued, also hand grenades, flares and rockets for signal-
ing, and smoke bombs. I was a Lewis gunner ; there were eight au-
tomatic machine gims in the company. In the eight squads there
were that number of gunners, and leaders, the rest carrying ammu-
nition.

Sunday morning about 2 o'clock our company was lined up, ready
to go to the front and get on the tape line, which the engineers had
put out early in the evening. It had been raining nearly all night,
and there was considerable fog. Finally we started for the front
line. Our company was the last; the Twenty-seventh Division was
on the extreme left, and an Australian division on our right. We
had Australian artillery to cover our two divisions. This armament
consisted of 1,175 cannon of all calibers. Ours and the Twenty-
seventh Divisions covered a front of fifteen miles. Each division
was expected to take 4,000 square yards in depth, with Bellicourt as

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 497

our objective. There were five big trenches to break through, each
with its barbed wire entanglements, and we were slated to reach our
objective in six hours.

The Hindenburg line had before been attacked five times by the
British, and once Idv the Australians, and had withstood all attempts
to break through. Our orders were that it must be taken, if at
a cost of all our men. We lay flat on the ground at the tape, waiting
the "zero hour." The men were placed five paces apart, except that
the Lewis gunners and leaders were grouped together. We had not
been in position more than a few seconds when the artillery opened
fire, and our barrage was on. For a moment it seemed that the earth
itself had exploded. All one could see was fire, spitting and flaming
into the fog, shells bursting everywhere, dirt and debris flying, and
great clouds of smoke all about us. To appearance the fog made
matters worse, but in reality this was our salvation. For the density
of the fog made it impossible for the enemy to perceive our move-
ments. We got on the tape without being seen. The Germans had
been throwing over a few gas shells previous to our attack; sneezing
gas, mostly.

When our barrage started we received orders to rise. Our first
wave was ordered forward, and when they had gone about 100 feet
the second wave followed. We were to keep on going until the object-
ive was reached. Our artillery kept up a "creeping barrage," lift-
ing and advancing about as fast as a man could walk. Some of the
boys were too anxious, moved too fast, and were killed by our own
barrage. This was to be kept up for the entire six hours of our in-
tended progress, dropping shells about every ten feet. A smoke
screen was also put up, so dense that one could not see the man
ahead. We had to hold to each other's coats that we might keep to-
gether. When the second wave had gone forward its hundred feet,
we of the third and last wave moved ahead. I was with this, the
"mopping up" battalion. Our orders were to clean up all the trench-
es and dugouts. Meanwhile the first and second waves were to keep
up with the barrage, and were only to check what resistance the Ger-
mans might put up. The intensity of the artillery fire was such that
the enemy could not come out into the open to fight the advancing
waves. Thus until the barrage had lifted and passed beyond their
trenches the Boches could not do much against the first two waves
of our troops. While our third wave was advancing the Germans
put over a barrage on us. But they were shooting high, and so far
we were not in any great danger, as the enemy purpose was to pre-
vent reenforcements from coming up. We had an Australian divis-
ion in the rear to back us up. And as we reached our objective they
were to move forward.

498 HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA VISTA COUNTY

When the third wave had nearly reached the enemy's first Hne
trenches the German machine gunners had crawled out of their pill-
boxes and dugouts, and opened a heavy fire upon us. The smoke had
by that time thinned materially. When within about 300 yards of
the German first line trenches our corporal ordered our squad into a
shell hole, where we could prepare for action. Our efifort Avas to lo-
cate the enemy's machine guns. This was very difficult, so cleverly
were they camouflaged and concealed. Li the meantime our mount-
ed machine gun company, in our front trenches, was pouring over a
barrage of machine gim bullets, shooting at such high elevation that
we were below their line of fire, while there was a veritable rain of
lead in the German trenches. There was a constant humming over
our heads as we lay in the shell hole.

Nor were the aeroplanes idle. Wherever one looked the planes
were to be seen, following us at a certain distance. They could not
come close because of the shell fire; nor could they stay back too far
for fear of getting in the path of our own artillery fire. By some
error we became separated from the Twenty-seventh Division, and
when we reached the enemy first line trenches we had thus left a large
gap or wedge between the two. This was caused by density of fog.
Officers and men were separated from their companies. In conse-
quence of thus losing touch'on the left, the machine guns and snipers
were able to attack us from the rear. Bullets were coming at us
from all directions. There was but one thing to do — to lie low in
the shell holes until the artillery slackened somewhat. The Germans
threw over some gas, but few of these shells fell in our vicinity.

Two of our squads were in the gap. Our captain was in the same
shell hole with myself and others. Tiring of being made the target
of the enemy machine guns, he ordered us to move forward, in an en-
deavor to locate and clean out the nest. Meanwhile the rest of the
company was advancing, mopping up the trenches and marching out
prisoners in groups. The Germans were coming out of their shelters
crying, "Kamerad." But the machine guns were still playing upon
us. I had noticed a spot where the barbed-wire entanglements
seemed thicker, and believed the guns were there. So we started in
that direction, crawling from one hole to another. We managed to
make about two rods distance and fire our Lewis guns at this point to
make them keep their heads down while our other squad would take
advantage of our fire; meanwhile progressing until we were within
100 feet of them, with the Australian division advancing in combat
groups. The six hours in which we were expected to reach our ob-
jective had expired, but we were not there because of the heavy re-
sistance encountered. Under protection of our first and second

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 499

waves which were about a mile ahead of us we tried to take this ma-
chine gun nest. Our two squads, assisted by two Australian squads,
flanked, .crept up closer, and finally, while standing up trying to get
the range between I saw two German machine gunners stand up in
plain view. My "buddie" could not see them as plainly as I because
of obstructions of barbed wire and old trunks of trees. I was just
ready to duck when a bullet hitting my helmet sent it to the ground
like a top. F'or a minute I could not realize what had happened. The
bullet went through my helmet, right over my left ear, cutting ofl^
some of my curly hair and leaving a black streak over my ear, though
it did not hurt me whatever. I fixed up the helmet by tying the band
together .so I could keep it on my head.

Just then the Germans began throwing^ hand grenades at the shell
hole we were in. About twenty-five grenades missed us a rod, but
a lad lying in a shell hole ahead of us did not fare so well. He soon
came crawling back to where we were and begged me to take his leg-
ging off and bandage his leg above the wound, but I advised him to
make for the rear. During this time one aeroplane which came to
our aid located the machine gun post. Assisted by the aeroplane
charge on the enemy we began to make it interesting for them by the
use of hand grenades. Just as I started forward again to get a little
closer to their position I was hit again by a sniper, right above the
hip on the right side. Here again I was spared from injury by a
small bag hanging on that side which contained extra parts for our
machine gun. The enemy's bullet lodged in these parts. We all
started throwing hand grenades then; we could do nothing with our
machine guns then because the enemy were concealed in their pits.
Just as I sighted several German helmets rise into the air the Austra-
lian squad threw a smoke bomb and the game was up. Fourteen
Germans came crawling over the parapet with hands up, calling for
mercy and yelling "Kamerad." Some of them had watches and
rings in their hands; they were Prussian Guards, well dressed, large,
husky fellows — one a sergeant-major, and thirteen privates. One
Australian took the sergeant-major, while one American took charge
of all the privates and marched them back to our division headquar-
ters. By this time our boys were marching prisoners back to battal-
ion headquarters by the hundreds. During our little skirmish, we
lost two men — -both killed outright — and I had two narrow escapes
myself. Going forward to join our company we reached the enemy's
third-line trench to find forty more Americans who had become sep-
arated from their companies. We were puzzled to know what to do,
because the enemy was still kicking up a lively fire; it seemed like
they had machine gun nests all over, when we would get one silenced

500 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

others would pop up. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon we took time
to eat while awaiting orders which directed us to advance to the
German's last-line trench and stand guard there until further orders
were received. We mounted our guns and prepared for a counter-
attack. Australians were then coming up in large numbers. Our
boys in the front line were having a hard time at Bellicourt, our ob-
jective, where they were meeting a stiff resistance. Aeroplanes fly-
ing over our lines dropped signals to get together as the Australians
were to make an attack in the morning, so they were advised not to
advance any further or our barrage would get them. When it be-
gan to rain about 10 o'clock in the evening I was standing guard in
the trench and was soaked to the skin. About 11 o'clock the Aus-
tralians brought us somehing to eat from their rations, although we
had rations of our own for forty-eight hours, but no water. It was
surely a miserable night. As day started to break an Australian
officer gave orders to prepare for action. The Germans were mak-
ing a counter-attack on our front line, which was checked; at 6
o'clock they made another attack but were checked again and at 8 130
made another attack, more severe than either of the former efforts.
Thev put a barrage of shell fire on the trenches we were holding,
which we had taken from them the day before. Because they knew
the range on these trenches they were able to drop their shells very
close, destroying the trenches here and there. Fears that they had
broken through our front-line trenches were dispelled by orders to
hold and to keep every man by his gun and ready for action. But we
were surely tired. Having been fighting all the day before, and with
no sleep, it was beginning to tell on us. At 9 o'clock my "buddie"
was killed right by his gun, by a big shell which exploded about
three rods ahead of him, a piece of shrapnel hitting him in the heart.
I was coming from a dugout with some ammunition, when I saw him
reel, fall on his back, and heard him exclaim, "Harry, I'm hit." By
the time I reached his side he was dead. That broke my heart —
there was my pal dead — we had been the best of friends since we
came into the army. He was a splendid lad, always jolly and witty.
Just as I took his pocket piece an Australian officer came along to
take his name and identification number, and with him came a guide
to take us to our company. Though the counter-attack had been
stopped for a third time we had lost many men in our trench, including
Americans and Australians. Though we were ready to return to
our company at i o'clock shells were still dropping aroimd us and it
was deemed best to remain in the trenches, where we could clean up
our guns and try to get a little rest. These trenches would hold
fifty to a hundred men, were thirty-fi\'e to forty feet deep, well built,

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 501

made of concrete, timbers, and sheet iron; some even furnished with
chairs, table and hanging lamps which the Germans had taken from
French homes as they advanced. Only four of our squad were left;
the other four were either killed or lost. Right in front of one of
these dugouts I was holding my machine gun and sat down to ask
one of the boys what outfit he was from. But he did not answer.
Just then a high explosive shell flew past my head and struck directly
in front of the dugout. I could not realize what had happened. I
was thrown down on my back, my whole body stinging with pain ;
blood was running down my face, and from my arm ; a large piece of
shrapnel was burning my left thigh, paining my knee and foot. My
arm felt as if it was paralyzed, as though it was severed. I threw
from me the piece of shrapnel that was burning my thigh. My pal's
watch, with its crystal broken, had saved me from an ugly wound in
another spot. Men, coming out of the dugout, yelling and screaming
with pain, with blood running down their faces, were surely a hor-
rible sight. I was lying helpless when Red Cross stretcher-bearers
came to my aid. They gave me first-aid dressings, meanwhile try-
ing to cheer me up. These men played their part well in this war.
At the first aid station in the trench I had to wait about fifteen min-
utes for attention, and when the doctor came he gave me a shot of
antitoxin to prevent lockjaw. After my wounds were dressed and I
had been examined carefully I was carried back two miles to ambu-
lances which took me to the casualty clearing station. It was full
of wounded and more were coming in rapidly. I reached there at
4:30 in the afternoon, and at 7 was stripped of all my wet and muddy
clothing, taken to the operating room, put under an anesthetic, and
after being given attention was taken to a ward full of wounded sol-
diers and wounded German prisoners. Though my arm was in a
splint I did not have any pain to speak of the next morning, October
I St. All that day and night, indeed until 4 p.m. of October 2d, we
rode on a splendid hospital train to Trouville, France. There the
Red Cross was right on the job looking out for us wounded lads, serv-
ing hot cofifee and cakes, smokes and chocolates. Ambulances driv-
en by Red Cross girls took us to a British hospital, where we were
given attendance by a British doctor who was a major. An X-ray
of my arm disclosed a severe compound fracture. On the morning
of the 6th when I woke up I had blood poisoning in my arm; it was
black and blue. I was almost certain then I would lose it. When
I was hit in the trenches it seemed that something told me I would
lose that arm; yet I was certain at the time that I was not going to
die. When the nurse came to dress my arm, and she shook her head
in a disconsolate way, I knew then that I had guessed right. The

502 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

major then came ; he sat down upon the bed and broke the news to me.
He said amputation was necessary at once to save my Hfe ; that even if
the arm could be saved it would be useless to me as the elbow was
badly fractured, and all the nerves were severed, and the arm was
almost severed. It was discouraging, but life is sweet at the last mo-
ment. The operation was performed that afternoon. Throughout
my period of convalescence I received faithful attention, both from
the doctor and the nurses. The Red Cross and Salvation Army visi-
ted me every day, leaving sweets or fruit or something tempting to
eat. After remaining here until the 20th of October I was transfer-
red to England.

Taken Prisoner Beyond the Hindenburg Line

Written by Lars Hansen of Company H, One Hundred Nineteenth
Infantry, Thirtieth Division.

On the morning of September 29th we went over the top at 5:50
o'clock in the attack on the Hindenburg line, in what is known as the
Somme offensive; we of Company H were in the first wave. When
we started going toward the German line it was so dark on account
of the fog that we could hardly see anything. As we got very near
to the first German trench we were met by German machine gun fire
and found it necessary to get down into shell holes. In the course
of ten minutes we managed to kill most of the Germans in the trench
by our machine guns and hand grenades, ^^^^en we got into the
trench we found but two left alive, whom we made prisoners. Pass-
ing over this trench and to the next, which was a very deep
trench, the one known as the Hindenburg line, we found a great
many German dead, killed by our barrage, and our men took a num-
ber of prisoners from dugouts. We crossed this main trench and
continued forward until we neared the next German trench. Here
we were held for a short while on account of terrific German artil-
lery and machine gun fire near what was the German railhead and
a point which the enemy disliked to have us gain. As we approach-
ed two Australian tanks we found one ready to go back and the other
forward. The one that was ready for the advance went forward
with our outfit for nearly half an hour, when it was hit by a German
shell. One man came out of the tank. I did not find out what might
have happened to anyone else who might have been in it.

When we reached the third trench up on a hill and found no Ger-
mans there we stopped for about a half hour to rest. Then, under
orders of our lieutenant, we went forward to capture what he
thought was a machine gun nest about a half a mile ahead of us.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 503

There were about thirty of us, some from other outfits, the confu-
sion having occurred because the smoke and fog had been so dense
that it was impossible for men to stay together in their own outfits.
As we neared our objective we discovered that it was a German
trench filled with machine guns. Whereupon we dropped into shell
holes. A comrade and myself were together in one about a hundred
yards in front of the German trench. And it was a very small shell
hole, hardly large enough for two. Our packs showed above the
surface and the sniping enemy kept shooting at them. One got too
far down and hit me in the shoulder. About five minutes later a
piece of shrapnel from a shell which lit close got me in the hip. Our
small crowd was at too close range to venture out, and too far from
our own bunch to get help. With all our ammunition used up we lay
there for about two hours — then a dozen German soldiers came out
and ordered nine of us, five of whom were wounded, out of the shell
hole and into their trench. They took us back of their lines, march-
ing us all afternoon and half of the night, and put us in a cellar so
full of water that we could not lie down. At 10 o'clock the next
morning they took me to a hospital where they washed my wounds
with warm water and put on paper bandages. I was permitted to
leave the hospital at 2 o'clock ; then they put us in a wagon and drove
until evening, when we were put in another hospital for two days.
Here we were provided with fairly good meals. Then we were put
on a train and traveled for three days. The only meals we had were
each evening when the train was stopped and we were given
vegetable stew and a small piece of bread. Meanwhile our wounds
were not dressed. We finally reached the German prison camps
where were all kinds of prisoners, though it was our fortune to be the
first Americans. \Yc were taken to the barracks and the British
prisoners dressed our woimds. Our daily rations were usually tur-
nips three times a day, coffee made of barley once a day, and a little
black bread. We were thankful tb receive a little food from the Brit-
ish Help Committee, and after a month we received a little package
from the American Red Cross each week, and after that we did not
receive a bit of the German stuff. These Red Cross packages con-
sisted of about fifteen cans of meats, fish and vegetables, with thir-
teen pieces of hardtack. We also were provided with army clothing
forwarded through the American Red Cross. Our Red Cross pack-
ages contained twice as much as those furnished the other prisoners
by their home countries.

We learned about 5 p.m. on the nth of November that the armis-
tice was signed. You may be sure there was rejoicing- among the
bunch of us. Thousands of prisoners were here, some of whom had
been captured after the opening of the war. The Germans started

504 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

moving us to France soon after the armistice was signed, and it was
about a week afterwards that they took me to Metz by train.

America's Greatest Battle

Frederick Pahiier in Collier's Weekly, tells the following story of
the Meuse-Argonne struggle:

It is the Argonne battle which will be oftenest on the lips of the re-
turned soldiers of our combat divisions. There is not a township in
the United States which did not have a son in the battle; in all, first
and last, there were 650,000 Americans engaged. Every state was
represented by some home division, or a part of some division, whose
gallantry will be a heroic tradition in the state's annals.

Perhaps in fifty, perhaps in a hundred years some historian will
write an adequate account of this battle which, it goes without say-
ing, was the greatest we have ever fought; but some of us, who will
not be able to tarry long enough on earth to wait for that
masterpiece, may want such an account as I am writing in these three
articles. Thus far we have read the vivid newspaper dispatches,
such brilliant descriptive articles as ]\Ir. Ruhl's, and narratives of the
exploits of individuals, platoons, and battalions which could be
gathered in the course of action.

All the visible part of the battle was familiar to me from personal
observation at the same time that I was in touch with the dififerent
headquarters where our forces were directed, but all that any one pair
of eyes might see of the battle was no more than a fly on a chariot
wheel might see of Armageddon. Later I read the divisional reports
written after the battle was over. I went over all the fields, map in
hand, and studied and thought over the Argonne battle, and I write
at a time when there is no need of secrecy except as it affects inter-
Allied relations at the Peace Conference, and when I am in possess-
ion of certain information which was not hitherto accessible.

The more I studied the Argonne the mightier it grew in its impor-
tance in ending the war, in the complexity of its tactics, in the sub-
lime human endurance and will exhibited, and thus it will grow as
history brings it into perspective. It was an all- American battle;
the battle that tested our people's character all the way from the gassed
woods and bullet-swept ravines to the homes of the L'nited States
where our sons are bred.

If we had not won the Argonne battle in the fall of '18 we should
have won it in the spring or summer of '19, for this battle was to go
on until we did win a decision. Such was the part set for the Ameri-
can army, in keeping with the plan which was made soon after Gen-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 505

eral Pershing's arrival in France, that the American zone should be
on the right of the long line from Switzerland to the North Sea.

There were to be three great Allied armies in France : The Brit-
ish on the left, with the channel ports at their back; the French in
the center, with the heart of their France at their back and
the Americans on the right. When the American army was ready
the three armies were to strike and keep on striking — the vigorous
young American army, with its reserves of man and resources, to lead
in the final continued offensive on the right flank against Metz and
toward the Rhine. The time of the execution was a matter of judg-
ment, and the method one of tactics, but the plan which won the war
was never changed in its broad lines from its conception when the
United States had not as yet a full division in France. As Grant
stuck to his idea of "hammering it out on this line," so General
Pershing stuck to his through trials and irritations which would have
broken the spirit and health of average leaders, and rent their nerves
to tatters. He is the kind of general who makes up his mind where
he is going, and then goes. He may have to tack to weather storms,
or get a better wind, but never takes his eyes off the compass.

The first of the offensives in the plan, as already decided in July,
1917, was to be an operation against the Saint-Mihiel salient, which
was to cover Metz. We were diverted temporarily from its consid-
eration by the German offensives of 191 8, which scattered our forces
to assist in the defense of Paris and then to assist in the reduction of
the Marne salient. While some of our divisions were still engaged
in that salient we began preparations for Saint-Mihiel. Our attack
there was to conclude our summer campaign. With its experience
as a guide, while our output of guns, machine guns, tanks, airplanes,
and all supplies at home were beginning to arrive in quantity, we
were to spend the winter training and forming our army for the
spring offensive. French guns and aviation and six French divis-
ions were to assist us at Saint-Mihiel. The original objective was a
drive through to Gorze, Mars-la-Tour, and Etain, and possibly to
Metz itself.

A celebrated British general had said that our new army \vt)uld go
to massacre against the strong positions of Saint-Mihiel. Other ex-
perts had made equally dire prophecies. As a new army against
fortifications which had been for four years unbroken we expected
a severe trial.

A few days before we attacked at Saint-Mihiel Marshal Foch and
General Pershing had a conference which changed our plans. The
Allied counter-oft'ensive now had been developing rapidly. The suc-
cess of the Somme offensive, begun on August 8, had thrilled us all

5o6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

with high expectations. The Germans were being pressed back
from their positions in Flanders and northern France. Information
indicated that possibly Ludendorff was making a rear-guard action
with the intention of falling back on the line of the Meuse. If the Ger-
mans were going, the thing was to press our advantage.

FROM THE MEUSE TO THE ARGONNE

I can imagine a congressional committee, or any board of academic
military experts which heard the result of the decision of General
Pershing's conference with Marshal Foch, telling General Pershine
that he must not consent to any such plan, and exclaiming: "This
is murder. We will not have Marshal Foch use our army as cannon
fodder." Thus far the old front line had not been broken in the Allied
counter-offensive at any point from east of Rheims to the sea. We
were about to break this section for the first time at Saint-Mihiel.
Marshal Foch now proposed to extend his operation in an audacious
bid for immediate victory.

When we were in the very fever of preparing for the Saint-Mihiel
operation, uncertain as to the result and the extent of casualties
that it would entail, we were suddenly set to work preparing to fight
in the fall of 1918, in the offensive which we had planned for 1919
and for which we expected to prepare on the basis of our army's first
experience with time enough to organize all the material due to reach
us in the next four months. We were to throw all the strength we
could muster in one fell blow against the old front line from the
Meuse River to the Argonne. If that attack did not succeed. General
Pershing might, according to the precedents of military history, as
surely expect to be relieved of his command as Falkenhayn was after
Verdun. He would have had the glory of a Pickett who sent, not a
division, but more than half a million men in an effort to break a bat-
tle line, or the position of Grant if Grant's Appomatox campaign had
failed.

The Army of the Potomac had been completely ready when it struck.
It had more guns than it could use. It was on its own soil, with
ample reserves. We were on foreign soil, lacking guns and material
of all kinds, and dependent upon ocean transport.

Our troops were to be ready for this new attack on the morning of
September 25, as a part of the plan which included attack in Flanders
by the British, French, and Belgians, and by the British against the
Hindenburg line, the hope being that the numerous thrusts over such
a long front would so disorganize the German army and exhaust its
reserves that it would not be able to maintain its organization. The
logistics of the preparations for the extension of the offensive to the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 507

eastward were more difficult and stupendous than the AlHes had ever
undertaken. The Fourth French Army, which was to attack on our
left at the same time that we attacked from the Meuse to the Ar-
gonne, was already in line, and the necessary reserves for its advance
were for the most part close at hand.

THE DIFFICULTIES OF MOBILIZATION

We had thirteen days from Saint-Mihiel "D" day (the day of at-
tack) to the Arg'onne "D" day in which to move all our troops and
all they required, to bring up our heavy guns, prepare our ammuni-
tion dumps and depots, assemble our transport, and school our divis-
ions in their task. The British new army had taken five months in
preparing for the Somme in 1916. Its divisions which had engaged
had all had battle experience. It built roads and light railways and
communication and assembly trenches, and assembled enormous
amounts of material. These elaljorate arrangements gave the ene-
my a warning which afforded him plenty of time to prepare for the
attack. They were now out of date ; we were in a new era. All the
armies were now depending on swift preparation and sudden attack.
As nothing is so easily identified by an airplane as a new road, if we
began the construction of a single one in the Argonne it was serving
notice of our concentration and our purpose. Therefore we had to
use the roads that existed, and there were only two leading up to
that sixteen-mile front for all our troops, our guns, ammunition, and
other supplies.

We had none of the older veteran divisions to spare for this first
shock of the attack which was to break the fortified line. All were
in the Saint-Mihiel operation, and when they came out they would be
exhausted and require rest. So we stimmoned divisions from quiet
trench sectors, from the training grounds in France — divisions
hardly yet acclimatized and with their training yet incomplete. Two
of these had never been under fire before. The Allied instructors
had directed their training at home along the lines of stationary war-
fare, without foreseeing the open tactics which were necessary if we
were to maintain our progress once we had broken through the forti-
fications.

Some of our divisions were without artillery, while Allied divisions
had had team play with their artillery vinits for four years, and nearly
all our divisions were short in some sort of equipment. Artillery
brigades received their guns one day and were off to the front the
next. The 77th and 28th Divisions were the only available divisions
that had fought serious engagements as divisions. They had just
finished their grilling advance from the Vesle to the Aisne. They
needed replacements; they were short of transportation and animals,

5o8 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

and they had to come by forced marches from the region of Chateau-
Thierry at a time when they should have been in comfortable billets
recuperating.

Short of transportation and animals! How familiar that phrase
sounds in recollections! Horses were coming from home, but they
would be too late. Browning machine guns, heavy artillery, and
tanks and tractors were coming from home, but they also would be
too late, unless we did not win the Battle of the Meuse-Argonne.
France had been drained of horses as well as of all other kinds of
material for this driving offensive campaign which wore down men,
horses, and all equipment. The variety of traffic that must be put
on the limited roads toward the Argonne was due to insufficient rail-
way lines as well as rolling stock. All the movement must be at
night, without lights, to avoid detection. Units withdrawn from the
Saint-Mihiel had to cross the streams of traffic running to the Saint-
Mihiel front. Tractor-drawn heavy material, which could go only
three or four or five miles an hour, limited the speed of motor trans-
port that could go twenty in the solid columns which occupied the
roads. Weary horses could not be forced through according to the
visual schedule for transport. Other units were delayed by having
horses killed in withdrawing them from the Saint-Mihiel front.

TWENTY-FOUR HOURS LEEWAY

These were some of the difficulties of mobilization, and without an
understanding of the difficulties, which were hardly played up at the
time for the encouragement of the Germans, any picture of the Ar-
gonne battle may be impressionistically appealing, but it will be most
unreal to "those present." Nevertheless we achieved the miracle.
On the night of the 24th we were in position. Our different corps
headquarters had had only four days on the ground to familiarize
themselves with the situation. Our divisional commands had even
less. Corps commanders like to know their divisions through battle
action, which was not the case this time and could not have been the
case when some divisions had had no battle action. Division com-
manders like to know their ground by thorough personal observa-
tion. They want to know their commanders through the experience
of battle rather than reputation gained on the drill grounds, and they
want their artillery to be acquainted with their divisions. The artil-
lery brigades of some divisions had been attached to the divisions
for the first time in the last twenty-four hours. Artillery units which
had horses used their horses to bring up the guns of units which had
none. The French had been generous in assisting us in the enor-
mous concentration of guns which was to .destroy the barbed wire,
and generous in assisting us with aviation which gave us more planes

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY ' 509

for the attack of September 26 than had ever been assembled for any
engagement. But our aviation, including the French, was new. The
pilots of combat planes might force the combat, winning acclaim as
aces, but the observation planes and the new units of artillery and
infantry, however well grounded in theory, nuist lack the skill in
tactical co-ordination, more important than the glory of aces, which
is developed only by experience.

Our men were exhausted by their hard marching and their ardu-
ous labor, and our officers by the pressure of their responsibilities and
their apprehension in trying to have all details ready. Marshal Foch
postponed the attack from the 25th to the 26th, the understanding be-
ing that the French Fourth Army was not yet ready. Possibly,
however, the marshal had in mind that we would not be on time, and
he would give us twenty-four hours' leeway to gather up any broken
ends of preparation. These twenty-four hours were valuable to our
engineers, who, occupied in the Saint-Mihiel operation, could not
arrive until the day before the attack. They ought to have been in
the Argonne as soon as our troops began to move, but we had not
enough engineers to look after two great battles at once.

Now, let us consider the ground where we were to operate, the line
of defenses which we were to overcome, and the plan of the battle.
From the plain of the Woevre before Metz stretches an area of com-
manding hills and irregular ground to the Argonne Forest, which
there drops into the rolling country of Champagne. This includes
to the east the heights which we had to conquer in the Saint-Mihiel
salient, and north and west of them the forts of Verdun. The Meuse
River runs through the town of Saint-Mihiel, which is at the point
of the Saint-Mihiel salient, and through the town of Verdun, and
then northward through the Verdun battlefield, where the famous
Dead Man's Hill, or Le Mort Homme, is across the river from the
forts ; and then the Meuse winds in a westerly direction through
Sedan.

The Argonne Forest, a dense wood situated upon an irregular
ridge, is the bastion of this area of strong natural defenses, where
the republican forces of France once stopped the Duke of Brunswick.
In the German advance of 1914, the Crown Prince's armies swept
over this region, mastering the forest and reached Saint-Mihiel, south
of Verdun, as Joffre rallied his forces for his counter-stroke on the
Marne. In their retreat from the Marne the Germans stood on the
southern edge of the forest and established their line on chosen posi-
tions, with the commanding heights in the rear as a support from the
forest to the Meuse.

In 1916 the Crown Prince's armies fought the battle of Verdun
.for the forts and heights protecting Verdun, whose possession with

5IO HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

that of the forest and the Hne to the Meuse, in the German hopes,
would open the way to the plains of the Marne again and to a decision.

DEFENSIVE ADVANTAGES

No sector in the old German lines was considered more redouhtable
than the Meuse-Argonne sector. It was as essential to the integ-
rity of the German front, from Flanders to Switzerland, as the hills
of Verdun to the French; for it protected the Germans' lines of com-
munication to all their armies in Belgium and northern France. Had
a strategist from Mars been shown a map from the Rhine to the At-
lantic, without contours and with the railway systems outlined, he
would have instantly said that. the Allied stroke should be on the
Meuse-Argonne line toward the German railway communication
through Mezieres; but, if the hills from the Argonne to the Woevre
had been raised in relief on the map he would have changed his mind.

Though the inviting point of attack was in the Meuse-Argonne, all
the Allied offensives on the western front had been west of the Ar-
gonne, on the plains of Champagne, in Artois, and on the Somme and
in Flanders, where alone attacks against frontal positions seemed to
have any chance of success. It may be mentioned, too, that there
had never been any question that the German line from Switzerland
to the sea could be broken with sufficient men and material to allow
of great offensives at many points, including one in the Meuse-Ar-
gonne, which should come at the decisive moment when the Germans
could not spare enough reserves to prevent a break. For hard blows
swiftly struck at alternating points, confusing the enemy in his po-
sitions, had always been the obvious plan for victory. It was for
Marshal Foch to apply the plan with his brilliant and daring tactics
when he had the American army at his disposal.

The German trench system in the Argonne was as elaborate as in
any part of the old German line. It embodied all the experience of
four years of stationary warfare. The Hindenburg Line was not
stronger than the Meuse-Argonne, while, once the Hindenburg Line
was broken, the country beyond was much more favorable for rapid
advance in open warfare than back of the Meuse-Argonne line, where
the commanding hills, many wooded or with wooded slopes, rose in
a kind of whaleback to a depth of some ten miles.

Any attack against a frontal line was always in danger of forming
a salient which would be under pressure on either side — and the de-
fensive force had the advantage of the recoil of its forces in defense
upon its material and reserves and prepared roads while the offen-
sive force was extending its communications and bringing up its ma-
terial and men over ground accurately plotted for the enemy's
gunners.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 511

Thus the Allied ofifensives from Neuve Chapelle to Passchendaele,
as well as the German offensives, had failed. In all the early offen-
sives the elaborate preparations of roads and engineering material
and the immense number of reserve labor troops, had been for the
purpose of continuing the communications over the conquered area.
Our engineers, having arrived thirty-six hours before the attack,
were very short of material. This was not their fault, or anybody's
fault; it was merely the fault of a desire to win the war in the fall
of 1918.

A NATIONAL ARMY AND NATIONAL GUARD AFFAIR

Our right flank was on the Meuse, which would protect us from
any infantrv advances across the river, but not from shell fire. There
we had Bullard's Third Corps, with Bell's 33d Division of the Illinois
National Guard on the bank, and Cronkhite's National Army "Blue
Ridge" Division, and Hersey's 4th Division of regulars, adjoining,
in order.

On our left flank Liggett's First Corps, in touch with the French
Fourth Army, which had elements of the g2d (colored) Division on
its right, rested in the Argonne Forest. Alexander's 77th National
Army Division faced the forest, whose eastern side breaks out in
wooded escarpments overlooking the small river Aire, which winds
among the hills. Muir's 28th National Guard or "Keystone Divis-
ion," was to move up the west bank of the river, whose valley was
literally a trough between commanding heights.

Traub's 35th Division, Missouri and Kansas National Guard, was
expected to conquer the western wall of the Aire. As any continued
frontal advance in the forest was out of the question — the Fourth
French Army was to exert supporting pressure to "scallop" by a
forward movement on the western side of the Argonne, and the 28th
was to perform the same service on the eastern edge.

In the center was Cameron's Fifth Corps with Kuhn's 79th Divis-
ion from Camp Meade on the right; Johnston's 91st National Army
from the Pacific Northwest, and Farnsworth's 38th National Guard
from Ohio, in order from right to left. The Fifth Corps divisions
were full and the troops were fresh. The 91st and 37th had served
in quiet sectors, while the 79th had not even had that experience; but
the Fifth Corps had less difficult ground on its immediate front than
the two flanks. The order of arrangement of the divisions was not
so much a matter of choice, but of necessity in arranging the "march
tables" in order that all divisions might be up on time. Everything de-
pended upon speed in all the preparations.

Only one of these divisions, then, was regulai", and the attack was
a National Army and National Guard affair. Aside from the 28th

512 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

and 77th, the 33d had had some battle experience. The officers of the
others knew Httle in practice of the technique of how to keep their
men in formation throng-h the barbed wire and across the sea of shell
craters, and in face of bursts of machine-g'un fire and sudden concen-
trations of gas and other shell fire, and of the methods of overcoming
machine-gun nests.

One wished for the addition of one or two of the veteran divisions,
such as the ist, 2d. 3d, or the 26th, or 42d, which had been through
the hell which was the only schooling for real battle efficiency in the
ghastly business of war. It had assisted the French in breaking the
old line northwest of Soissons.

BUZANCY AND THAT WHALEBACK

One wished for the older hands all the more in view of the plan of
attack, which required extremely difficult maneuvering. It was to
be in the form of a bulging thrust from the center, and our ultimate
objective may be best denoted on the map as the town of Buzancy.
When we had Buzancy, the whaleback was ours. All its heights, its
tricky slopes, its ravines and plots of forbidding woodlands, would
be at our backs. We should look down on the sloping ground to-
ward the Meuse from Stenay to Sedan, prepared to strike that four-
track railway system, which was the lateral line of German communi-
cations. The Fourth French Army was nearest to the pivot of the
attack, and we were to make the great swing. Marshal Foch having
called our reserves of fresh man power to the supreme gamble. It
was a wonderful and intoxicating" strategic conception which one saw
on the map, with the curves of corps and army lines which formed
our ambitious objectives.

"We'll do it!'' every one said. No one would allow the tongue to
utter any other- thought. An army must not go into action with any
one spreading skepticism. What one was thinking in the back of
his head was another matter. There had been other great concep-
tions: Neuve Chapelle, Champagne, and Loos in 191 5, the Somme
in 1916, and the Allied offensives of March, 191 7, and Arras and
Passchendaele and Cambrai. In all the start had been made with
the same steel-tempered determination. A skeptic might think,
too, that thus far the Allies in their counter-offensive had for the
most part fought over the open ground which the Germans had taken
in their offensives. At most points, indeed, at the time the Meuse-
Argonne offensive was planned, we had only reached the line from
Rheims to the sea, where the Germans had started their spring offen-
sives, while the main portions of the Hindenburg Line were not yet
taken and Rheims was as yet disengaged. The Germans still had
forty good battle divisions in reserve. Ludendorft" might yield from

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 513

Rheims to Flanders, but he could not afford to yield Buzancy while
he had a single reserve division left. Personally I foresaw another
Sonime for us, with the attrition of steady months of pounding at
enormous costs, wearing down the enemy, as the Somme had in this
war of attrition, which, in the broad sense, was won by attrition.

Before we took Buzancy we must conquer the Argonne Forest and
the gap of Gran Pre and much of the great forest of Bourgogne be-
yond the Argonne, and on our right we must advance up the west
bank of the Meuse, with sufficient support on the east bank to free its
heights of masses of artillery which had a free sweep of the west
bank. Literally, the approaches to the whaleback were commanded
by a series of heights on both sides. Nature could not have done
the Germans a much better service than the way she had fashioned
the ground.

MAINTAINING UNIFORMITY

Did the enemy know of the attack? How far was he prepared to
receive it? In order that no American prisoners should be taken, a
thin line of French had occupied the frontal trenches to the last mo-
ment as we massed. But a few days before the attack the Germans
became restless and began raids for information. There was no
question that they expected an offensive, but we know now that
they did not realize its magnitude. It was not within Ludendorft''s
calculations, apparently, that this new American army of inexperi-
enced divisions hurriedly rushed to France could master a mobiliza-
tion requisite to a great thrust elsewhere so soon after Saint-Mihiel.
The very audacity of our plan and its speed of execution formed one
of the reasons for its success.

I shall not describe the tremendous preliminary bombardment, or
the suspense when the dawn broke, while the guns still thundered
and the airplanes took wing and the machine guns thrummed in aerial
combat. It was a spectacle revealing the mighty power America
had summoned across the seas. Nor shall I dwell on how I chose to
follow the 79th Camp Meade men in order to see that division which
had never before been under fire against the machine-gun nests ; for
along that sixteen-mile line all our men were advancing in the same
fashion. Everyone has read such descriptions. And I stick to my
account of the battle as a whole.

No attack against old-line fortifications had been more completely
successful. We had everywhere mastered them. Not a single
strong point had caused the delay which had ruined so many offen-
sive movements. It is a miracle how the new divisions had accom-
plished their part ; through barbed-wire which the artillery had often
failed to cut, over the maze of trenches, and across the shell craters

514 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

of No Man's Land, whose edges, often joining, were fringed with
weeds sHppery in the morning mist. The men had to pick their way
around these shell craters, bearing their full equipment, while the
earth, spongy from the concussion of shell bursts, yielded under their
feet. To maintain a uniform line over this wicked ground, in many
places over a mile in depth, was in itself a triumph, even if there had
been no resistance. Our men had not been drilled in vain in their
training camps at home or in France.

THE ADVANCE ON THE 26TH

At the end of the first day we had advanced to a depth of five or
six miles at some points. The colored troops on the j/th's left, in
their inexperience, had been baffled by the intricacies of a compli-
cated battle maneuver and were shortly relieved from their trying
position. The yyth's had had hard fighting at points before they
were out of the region of defenses in the forest's edge, but by night-
fall they had gained all their objectives. The 28th had been able to
do its part by taking the dominating Hill 263 on the flank of the
forest, while the 35th had taken the neighboring hills 216 and 234
beyond the village of Very, in a four-mile advance. This was ex-
excellent start in gaining the heights along the Aire, which were the
crux of the problem for Liggett's corps.

On the Meuse flank Bullard's corps had been equally fortunate.
The. 33d Division had lived up to the promise which it had given on
the British front of becoming an efficient battle division. In an ad-
vance, which exhibited both tactical skill and resourceful strategy, it
had taken the Forges Wood, cleaned up the edge of the Jure Wood,
and was opposite Consenvoye in the swinging movement toward the
river, which was a part of a very clever maneuver.

The 80th Division also gained all of its objectives promptly; but in
the afternoon the German guns from across the Meuse and machine-
gun fire from the Septsarges Wood and the En Dela Wood were cut-
ting into its advance. The 4th Division, which had taken its objec-
tive by twelve-forty, had to intrench against artillery fire, waiting on
the Fifth Corps to advance. With minor exceptions only, it can be
said that the First and Third Corps had accomplished their aims on
the 26th.

In the army plan the Fifth Corps had farther to go than the other
corps in order to make the bulge which was required; and this was
the one thing, of course, that the Germans meant that we should
not accomplish as soon as the character of our attack was developed.
The German staff could read maps quite as well as ours could, and
its experts knew as well as ours which points were valuable for the
Germans to hold and for us to gain. Owing to uncut wire the 91st

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 515

Division made slow progress; but the men from the Pacific North-
west kept going all day with steady and admirable persistence, and
night found them on the Very-Montfaucon ridge, with patrols pushed
forward into Epinonville. The 37th was not only handicapped by
uncut wire ; it had to pass through Malancourt Wood, where the prac-
ticed cunning of the German machine gunners made the most of the
cover of the thickets for their nests. \\'hen its advance was halted
the 37th sent in more reserves and kept on driving. We expect
physical vitality and initiative from men from Ohio, and the 37th
Division showed both on this day. If the division could not gain all
the distance set on the corps map for the 26th, this was not for
want of courage.

In front of the 79th Division the ruins of the village of Montfau-
con stood out as its goal like those of the Acropolis against the sky
line. From every approacli to Montfaucon its units were met by en-
filading machine-gun fire which they could not locate. They had
come three or four or five miles; they had already done a mighty
day's work; their artillery could not keep up with their advance. In-
fantry units were scattered. Commanders who had never operated
before in battle became confused in maintaining the uniformity of
the line under conditions which would have baffled the most capable
of veterans. There was no want of will on anyone's part. Every
weary man was ready to charge, if only told where and how. \\'lien
I thought of the true story of the first Bull Run, where fresh troops
were engaged, and I thought of what the 7gth had done, and had the
heart to do, I realized how far away from Civil War days we were,
not only as an army but as a people, in the fact that we could bring
into action for the first time a draft division capable of the advance
that it made and of such stoicism under fire.

The fact was that the Fifth Corps, although it advanced as far as
the other corps, was not able to take its objective on the 26th. So
much for our infantry on the first day, when we went further than
any other day until November i. Now we turn to the problem of
the paucity of roads, which I have already mentioned. In all history
armies have been tied to their stomachs, and their stomachs have
been tied to the roads. Signal wire cars, balloon trucks, the rolling-
kitchens that are to serve soldiers hot meals at the end of the day,
all the guns, tractor and horsedrawn, munition wagons and ambu-
lances, must move up behind the infantry, or it is left hungry, with-
out food, surgical care, and the support of other arms.

It was realized from the time that we planned the attack
that we should have trouble with our transport, as every other army
had had in its offensive operations. In this as in all other arrange-
ments everything was subject to the demands of haste. Our divis-

5i6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ional engineers, upon whom we had largely to depend, were as in-
experienced as the other units of the divisions, for the engineers of
our older divisions still had their hands full in the Saint-Mihiel
salient or elsewhere.

SPEED AND THE ENGINEERS

Our divisions which had heen in the reduction of the Marne salient
had moved over roads which had been only slightly damaged in the
six weeks that the Germans had occupied the salient line. Thus the
connecting link of No Man's Land after an advance was easily re-
paired. In the Argonne the roads had been ruptured by shells, leav-
ing great craters for a mile or more back of the old French line, where
they were cut by the deep trenches and support trenches. Be3'ond
that was No Man's Land, where anv road became an indistinguish-
able part of the weedy landscape. On the other side of No Man's
Land were the German trenches, and another space of a mile of the
same land of shelled area as that behind the French line.

Instantly our infantry was over the top our engineers began work.
Either they had to bring up material, which helped block the road in
the rear, or they had to find some on the sj)ot. \A'here heavy gtms
or motor trucks broke through they piled in more stones, only to
have them sink. If one vehicle was stalled, all behind it were stalled
in that column of every kind of vehicle from divisional transport to
heavy artillery. There was no room for anything but a dispatch
rider on a motorcycle to pass. The column would be moving again,
and all would seem to be going well for a few minutes, when another
great truck would slow oflf into a rut, or artillery-men would put
their shoulders to the wheels and the engineers would assist them with
snatch ropes as they brought a gun out of difficulties. All day and
all night the struggle of transport went on, a struggle in which
Mother Earth took revenge on man for having made fair fields deso-
late by four years of shell fire. Even in the Argonne a day was only
twenty-four hours long, and a man could work only twenty-four hours
a day. The rest of the time he must sleep.

BITING IN, MILE BY MILE

Nevertheless the 79th had its guns up the next day for its prepara-
tory bombardment of INlontfaucon which enabled it to take the town.
On succeeding days we continued our attacks, sometimes short of
ammunition because of the state of the roads, but with no break in
our persistency. The 77th kept on biting into the Argonne, gather-
ing in more machine guns that were hidden in the thickets, and on
October i it made a bound of over a mile. The trough of the Aire

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 517

Valley was under increasing blasts of shell fire and gas. Will any-
one with the 28th Division ever forget the Bald Oak Hill and the
Taille I'Abbaye Hill, those redoubtable heights extending as escarp-
ments from the forest into the river valley, which they attacked, and
kept on attacking, while they repulsed' German counter-attacks?
The 35th Division had made substantial gains on the 28th, but later
met the same kind of opposition as the 28th Division. It fought
against wickedly strong and vital positions. Exermont ravine ^will
be associated with its history as long as the Missouri flows past Kan-
sas City. There it suffered from the inexperience of platoon comman-
ders and non-commissioned officers, and all of the men bunching under
shell fire as any but veterans will. Reports were circulated among
the men that they were to be relieved, and some wrong orders were
given by subordinate commanders, with the resultant confusion. The
amazing thing was that it did not happen earlier.

On September 27 the 91st Division had made a mile. On the 28th
it made another mile, with resistance increasing. On the 29th it
drove beyond the Cierges Wood, but had to intrench in the face of
fire from Cierges.

The 79th, now beyond Montfaucon, broke through the Beuge
Wood, tried for the Ogons Wood in an attack in which all the sup-
porting tanks were put out, and was obliged to re-form on a line of
defense.

In Bullard's corps the 4th Division, driving home its attacks with
regular precision, had to fight for every yard of ground gained. The
80th, which had been temporarily taken out and relieved by a brigade
of the 33d, returned to the fight with fresh vigor, and swung past
Dannevoux toward the Meuse. All three of the divisions were un-
der an increasingly wicked shell fire from the heights of the 17th
German Corps sector across the Meuse.

Rest and Reassurance

By October i the first stage of the battle was over. The Germans
had now connected up their line of defense in the Kreimhilde-Stel-
limg Line, taking advantage of the high ground and the wooded slopes
with masterly skill. Every American division was sending in reports
of prisoners taken from fresh German divisions which had arrived.
The German gunfire kept increasing in violence. We could not go
on putting exhausted divisions against fresh German divisions; and
our handicap in the want of rested and sufficiently trained divisions
was evident.

We must regroup our forces before making another vital attack,
and thus, for the time being, we reduced our density on the front
owing to the fatigue of our men, without, however, ceasing to hold the

5i8 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

upper hand over the enemy by offensive tactics. The 79th and the
37th and the 35th Divisions were withdrawn. They had been given
hard tasks ; they had suffered from the psychological effect upon them
of the suspense before the action, and the strain during the action,
particularly among the inexperienced officers, was bound to be great-
er than in the older divisions. In some cases they had fought with
too great density, and in other cases they had failed to put their re-
serves in at the right moment. Our staff work had not always been
perfect; no staff work is. Criticism is easy, but if the best possible
use was to be made of the new divisions it was necessary that they
have a real rest in the rear, where the gaps could be filled by replace-
ments, and the results of their recent experience could be applied
by a period of brief instruction. It was found again and again that
when a brigade or a regiment had become tired it not only needed
rest, but the reassurance that comes from a few days in billets and a
general reorganization.

HOLDING ON TO THE BATTLE

We had not committed the German to this battle, and had com-
mitted ourselves to it. We did not mean to let go of him and he did not
dare to let go of us. Even to hold him under the threat of breaking
through was of immense moral value at this time when the British
had broken the Hindenburg Line and the Fourth French Army, with
varying success, was engaged beyond the Argonne Forest. On the
western edge of the Argonne Forest the French were having the
same experience as our First Corps on the eastern, with certainly no
better results, veterans though they were.

It was better, no doubt, that our new divisions should have been
used for the initial attack, in which their freshness and their vigor
in the charge might be exerted, and that the older divisions, as they
became available after Saint-Mihiel, should be used for the more
complicated work which was now required. The ist and 3d Divis-
ions were already in army reserve, and the 32d, which had become
veteran in its brilliant attacks from the Ourcq and which had just
won greater renown by breaking through the old first-line trenches
northwest of Soissons as a part of General Mangin's army, came in
at a time when we were mastering the control of traffic and had our
roads in condition to take the place of the 35th, 37th, and 79th, in
the period of steady and bloody hammering that was now, in merci-
less sacrifice and endurance, to break the spirit of the enemy.

In Historic Surroundings
'We soon were in a military atmosphere," writes Stanley B. Espe,
referring to the arrival of American troops in France, and continues :

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 519

From Brest we were sent to Camp Shelby, Napoleon's old train-
ing camp. This consisted of about five acres of ground covered with
stone barracks, topped with slate shingles, and all showing the marks
of age. The scaffolds used for execution in those days are still stand-
ing, all surrounded by a wall of solid masonry ten feet high.

At the town where Joan of Arc was born we exchanged our Spring-
field rifles for the English Enfields, and there received gas masks.
Arriving at Amiens, a large city and railroad center, we found ruins
everywhere and the city deserted except for soldiers and war workers.
Amiens Cathedral, still standing, was the target of long range guns.
In the Verdun sector we located in French dugouts, caught cooties
and trench rats while waiting for artillery forces numbering 2500 to
get in place for the offensive which began at 5 a.m. September 26th
in the Meuse-Argonne. This caught me at Dead Man's Hill and
ended my military cares by sending me to the hospital.

Prisoner of War

Herbert E. Fairchild, a private in Company L, One Hundred Thirty-
first Infantry, Thirty-third Division, was for two months a prisoner
of the Germans, and writes as follows:

It was near Albert that we had our first experience in the battle
line. On the Fovirth of July our regiment, in conjunction with the
Australians, was called upon to go over the top. This was the battle
of Hammel Woods, with the town of Corbie as the objective. Our
company was in the supporting line and they had a smaller share in
the fight as the first line gained the objective, taking many prisoners.
Following this battle we were in a twenty-days' drive near Brie on
the right of Albert. Here some of the most stubborn fighting of
the war occurred, as the Germans contested every foot of their re-
treat.

We were again called upon to go over the top in what was the first
drive of the battle which started September 26th. Our company
took the lead in this drive, which advanced the American forces about
four miles, or to the river Meuse. This was in the face of the most
stubborn machine-gun resistance. The Germans would continue fir-
ing until the Americans were upon them, and then would shout
"Kamerad." The boys were not always in the mood to accept this
tame surrender when their comrades were lying dead around them
and many of the gunners paid the extreme penalty. This regiment
held the line of the Meuse until the engineers could come up and pre-
pare a crossing of the river, when the battle was resumed. A cross-
ing of the river was effected on the evening of the 9th of October,
and it was on the morning of the loth, after the company had

520 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

reached its objective, that I was captured. The company was quite far
advanced and I was called upon to go back to battalion headquarters
to see about the disposition of the wounded. It was while on this
that I unexpectedly ran into a German stronghold that had moved in
behind, after our rapid advance. After my capture I was taken to a
prison camp near the province of Luxemburg, where I remained
about a week, then I was removed to another prison camp at Mount
Media. Here we remained for eleven days, and were again trans-
ferred, this time to the American prison camp near Rastatt, located
across the Rhine in the province of Baden. It was well located and
the sanitary conditions were good. The food was also very good, as
the American Red Cross saw to it that the boys received good, whole-
some food and plenty of it.

It was during the first eighteen days of my capture, in the two first
mentioned camps, that I almost starved to death. One loaf of bread,
about the size of our fifteen-cent loaf, was issued to seven men for the
day. This bread was composed of a mixture of two-tenths sawdust,
three-tenths potato flour, and the other five-tenths barley and wheat
flour. In the morning we were given a very poor substitute for cof-
fee, and at noon had a thick stew composed of turnips and cabbage,
and though it was also supposed to contain some fat this was hard to
locate. The boys would not eat it until starved to it by hunger, as
it smelled and tasted rotten. However, there were a few Russians in
camp and they seemed to thrive on it, for the boys would turn their
soup ration over to them. For supper a thin replica of the dinner
was issued. Outside of this starvation diet we were quite well treat-
ed. It will be remembered it was at this time that the Germans were
treating the Americans especially well, as they had the after-war
settlement in view.

. Everybody knows how scarce soap was in Germany at this time and
the boys in the prison camps were especially well supplied with this
precious article through the Red Cross. The Germans would go to
almost any length to obtain it, paying as high as fifteen marks for a
small cake. Our boys kept themselves in a small supply of spending
money by being saving of their soap ration and selling it to the
Germans.

Before we reached a branch of the American Red Cross I was so
nearly starved that my stomach would not retain clear water.

After the signing of the Armistice the prisoners at Rastatt were
released and given in charge of the Swiss Government for transpor-
tation back to France.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 521

Barrage Pretty at a Distance

Written by Arvid S. Johnson, a private of Company A, One Hun-
dred Thirtieth Infantry, Thirty-third Division.

The night of the 27th of September, 1918, was the worst night I
ever spent. During the day we hiked to Chateau Court, and in the
evening to some reserve trenches. I rained all night and we had no
shelter at all. On the morning of the 2gth we relieved the Three
Hundred Twentieth Regiment of the Eightieth Division. The
Germans were putting over a barrage at the time, and the only
thing that saved us was the dense shrubbery in the woods. We were
under shell fire from three directions and for a week we were under
continuous shell fire until the Fourth Division on our left and the
French on our right went over the top and drove the Germans back.
After that it was not quite so bad, but I surely had given up hopes
of ever seeing the States again. We called the place "Whizz Bang
Hill," though the correct name is Bonnaveaux Woods. Many times
the shells struck so closely as to throw dirt and rocks all over me, but
I was fortunate enough that I was never struck with any pieces of
the shells. We held the line here until October 15th.

On the morning of the 17th we relieved the One Hundred Twenty-
ninth Infantry of our own division at Consonvoye. Here I inhaled
some of the German gas, but not enough to hurt me any. We were
relieved by the Frenchmen on the night of the 20th, and hiked twenty-
five miles to some French barracks, where we had our first real bath
and rest for a month. The night of the 26th we went to the relief
of the Three Hundred Fifteenth Infantry. On the 7th of November
we went over the top and raided Chateau-de-Aulnois, captured forty
prisoners, and had the good fortune to get back to the trenches with
very few casualties. The raid was a success. We took the Germans
by surprise.

On the morning of the 9th of November, the Germans attacked us,
but we drove them back with heavy losses. That same day we sent
out a daylight patrol of forty-seven men who ran into five battalions
of Germans. Though we fought them for a while, the odds were too
strong and we retired to our trenches with only a few casualties. On
the morning of the nth we had orders to go over the top and to con-
tinue for about fifteen miles. We were laying out in No Man's Land
waiting for the barrage when orders came to return, and not to fire
another shot until further orders. The artillery on both sides kept
on firing until the last minute, when on the nth, we received the glori-
ous news that the war was over. In the celebration that night
the sky was ablaze with all kinds of lights.

522 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Beginning the 7th of December we hiked 135 miles through the pro-
vince of Luxemburg and into the German town of CherbilHg.

Thirty-third Division Won War, Says Chief

On the arrival of the transport Aquitania in New York, Lieutenant
Colonel Frederick Huidekoper was interviewed and his remarks are
given in a New York dispatch under date of March 31, 1919. Col-
nel Huidekoper was adjutant general of the "Prairie" boys, who re-
turned on the Aquitania. He said:

Soldiers of the Thirty-third Division are the equal of any troops in
the United States Army. They have made the best record of any
National Guard outfit in France.

The British were amazed at the vigor, dash, and initiative shown
by the Guardsmen. They'd never seen anything like it, as we were
the first Americans to operate with them on the Somme.

I think it can safely be said that the Thirty-third Division
started the drive that led to Haig's big ofifensive and the smashing of
the Hindenburg line.

In the Argonne the Thirty-third fought with wonderful skill. In-
dividual cases of valor are too numerous for mention. I think the
record of the One Hundred and Thirty-second Infantry in winning
seven out of forty-one congressional medals awarded to the entire
A. E. F., speaks louder than anything else.

Papers taken by our intelligence officers from captured and slain
German officers showed that they held the Thirty-third Division to
be "shock troops" and among the best operating against them.

My World- War Experiences
Written by Morris Nelson of the Thirty-fifth Division.

Many years ago it was my ambition to visit Europe. Even after
we had declared war on Germany, it was my desire to go as a soldier
for my country. It was not because I was possessed of a roving dis-
position, nor because I bore hate in my heart for an unknown enemy,
and much less for the sake of honor or romance. There were, es-
pecially, two fundamental reasons: first, to be one with the many to
bring about the downfall of autocrac)' and the birth of democracv .
and, second, to be one of the common throng. In the army, as in no
other place, I could get in contact with all classes o'f men, could face
the same temptations and feel the same thrills of the varying moods
of mankind. There in camp, in trench, and on the battlefield I could
touch elbows with the brave men who dared to die for justice and all

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 523

that was dear to them, and thus through it all, I could better learn
to understand the great needs of humanity.

My early ambition to visit Europe was fostered, largely, through
the study of history, and to a great extent, because it was the birth-
place of my parents. I had read of old Mont Blanc; of the snow-
clad Alps of Italy and Switzerland ; of the Roman ruins, including
the Temple of Diana, and ancient fortresses that had often withstood
the ever-invading hordes. I had read, with awe, of Hannibal's Pass,
traversed by that great Carthaginian general as he led the forces
over the mountains and into Italy. All these scenes, together with
rnany others, it has been my fortune to see during my stay in Europe.

HoAv wonderful it seems now that my youthful dreams should be
realized under such strange circumstances. The snow forts and
sham battles of school days were only too symbolic of maturer years.
The child's pleasures, to a great extent, govern his whole life and are
quite prophetic of his future indulgments. Being no exception to
the common rule, I, naturally came to serve my country.

On the 25th day of February, 1918, I was drafted into the service
of Uncle Sam, and on the following day was sent to Camp Dodge,
Iowa. It. was somewhat hard, for a time at least, to become recon-
ciled to the new life of apparent servitude. The Cause, however,
was urgent and I soon entered into the spirit of my responsibilities.
Little dKl I surmise that I was soon to break home ties. Early on the
morning of April 12th, after only a month and a half of training, I
said good-by to the best friend in all the world, and entrained for a
three-days' ride to the coast. It was a strange parting. Uncertain-
ties, like spectres, stared us in the face ; four thousand miles of ocean
were to separate us ; the clouds of war darkened our hopes of future
happiness. Faith, however, in a greater Power, gave us courage to
venture out into the unknown.

I had never been farther east than Chicago. The trip to the coast
was, therefore very interesting. We passed through Illinois, Indi-
ana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and part of New Jersey. At
some of the larger cities we were allowed to get off and parade up the
main avenues. Everywhere the people received us with cheers and
sent us away wishing us Godspeed. Many and varied were the scenes
along our route. There were the hedge and rail fences of Illinois
and Indiana of which my father had often told me, and the solid stone
cliffs along the Ohio River covered with evergreen and shrubbery.
There was the beautiful Lake Erie, as smooth as glass. We were
fortunate to cross this lake just before sunset, and such a sunset I
shall never forget ! It simply was superb ! It seemed as if the peace-
ful waters opened up to receive it; its very beauty seemed to mock me.
I thought of home and dear ones, of the grandeur and freedom of my

524 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

native land, and wondered why I was called to sacrifice my happiness
for another world, a world of war and isolation.

At Weehawken, New Jersey, we got off the train and boarded a
steamer which was to take us across the Hudson River to New York.
This little trip was the climax of anything we had seen yet. The river
itself is about a mile wide. It was literally covered with hundreds
of liners, steamers, transports, flatboats, and vessels of every descrip-
tion ; all of them busy doing their "bit" for LTncle Sam. On some of
these flatboats I counted as many as thirty or more railroad cars,
loaded with supplies.

On April 15th, we reached Camp Mills, New York, a camp situat-
ed on Long Island. At this place we stayed about nine days. On
the 24th day of April, we broke camp, preparatory to going overseas.
That same day, we boarded the Shropshire, an English transport, or
in other words, cattleboat, for that is what it really was. The follow-
ing day we were tugged out to sea and started off on a thirteen-day
voyage. In the distance, the Statue of Liberty and the red building
of Ellis Island loomed up, for a little while, through the morning mist,
and then gradually disappeared from our sight. It was the last lin-
gering glimpse of the good old U. S. A.

My trip across the ocean was far from enjoyable. In a few days
my appetite vanished completely. My digestive organs reversed and
I spent many gruesome hours along the railing of the vessel. I swear
to you that I never was before so sick. One consolation, however,
was that I had a lot of company going through the same performance.
Our quarters were close and uncomfortable. We lived on English
rations which consisted chiefly of goat, tea, and slum. That word
"goat" or "go-at" soon became a by- word of derision. When the
waiters appeared at the stairway, there arose from everywhere, a
mighty chorus of "Go-at ! go-at !" That was enough, I had to beat it
for the hatchway.

On the /th of May, we sailed up the Mersey River to Liverpool,
and as we approached the beautiful city, our band played "America,"
and "The Star-Spangled Banner." It was very impressive. The
English officers and civilians were there to greet us and they gaA^e us
a very hearty welcome. Immediately after landing, the unloading of
the ship began. \Ye were a large force of workmen, so the thousands
of barracks bags, officers' baggage, and other paraphernalia were soon
disposed of.

The next day. May 8th, we were entrained for Southampton, situ-
ated on the southern extremity of the British Isles. This trip was
very interesting. It was a balmy spring afternoon, the scenery was
at its best, the hillsides were covered with groves and orchards. Oc-
casionally a patch of heather and a quiet stream added to the beauty

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 525

of the picture. I had often wondered why England produced so
many of our best poets but I can readily understand it now. No-
where in my travel, have I seen more beautiful and varied scenery.
The red-roofed buildings of the little villages and hamlets, with their
odd construction and pleasant surroundings, were indicative of the
carefree and happy peasant life. Numerous canals and waterways
irrigate the fertile soil. Fruit farming and truck gardening is car-
ried on extensively. The larger farms are divided into small irregu-
lar patches, each enclosed by a well-kept hedge. Much of this land is
owned by the lords and nobles, who live in beautiful mansions, while
their servants must be content with humble huts. For a time the
stern realities of a world war were forgotten and I was enjoying a
pleasure trip through Nature's gardens.

On the night of May 9th, we crossed the English Channel. Judging
from the vessel's interior appearance, it must have been, previous to
our voyage, used as a stock and freight transport. The discomfort
was almost unbearable, for we were actually packed in like sardines.
Many of us found no place in which to lie down. The ones who did
were covered with pitch, lime, and other refuse. It was but a gentle
foretaste of coming days, when we would have been only too glad to
partake of its shelter.

The following morning we entered the harbor of Le Havre, unload-
ed, and hiked about eight kilometers (approximately five miles) to a
rest camp. It was a warm day, the packs were heavy, and the great-
er part of us had not yet fully recovered from the strenuous ocean voy-
age. On the way, therefore, many of the boys fell by the roadside.
To carry a hundred-pound pack, for hours at a time, is a man's job,
especially on the hard and hilly roads of France.

The next six weeks were spent, principally, in training and hiking
from place to place. A fifteen-kilometer hike was generally longer
than estimated; therefore, instead of calling them kilometers, we
would call them "kill-a-soldier." For several weeks we were under
English training and lived on English rations. It was the usual diet
of "go-at," tea, and slum, a combination that I abhorred. It was a
happy day when we again changed to American ways of living.

With the exception of Russia, France has the greatest national
riches of any European country and has a very agreeable climate.
There are vast acres of pine and beech forests. Much of this has,
of course, been laid waste by war. Potatoes, cereals, and grapes
are the chief products of the soil. She has a good and safe railroad
system, all crossings being well guarded. The public highways are
also far superior to ours, having a surface of gravel or crushed rock.
In times of peace, these roads are kept in perfect condition at all times.
France is a land of history. Because of its natural resources and

526 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

fertile valleys, it has for centuries been the envy of other nations.
Such characters as Charlemagne, Louis IX, Joan of Arc, and even
Napoleon, and of our own times such leaders as Joffre, Clemenceau,
and Foch, have all helped bring France to her present high position.
It is the land of the Dark Ages, the Crusades, the Great Revolution,
and the recent World War. Upon her soil more decisive wars have
been fought than in any other land.

So far I have only mentioned the milder side of military life, but a
more strenous time was awaiting us. It was about the middle of
July, when the Americans began their great offensive. At Chateau
Thierry, our marines wrote themselves into fame by taking Belleau
Woods. They pressed the Germans on all sides and fought their way
through shell fire and machine-gun nests, often without food or water
for five days at a time. A few days later the second battle of the
Marne took place. Everywhere the enemy were driven back over the
pontoon bridges and sustained fearful losses. In the fury of the bat-
tle they were forced into the river and drowned.

At the same time that such fearful slaughter was taking .place near
Paris, our division, the Thirty-fifth, was being initiated in the Vos-
ges Mountains in Alsace. We started for the trenches on the even-
ing of July 19th. It was a hard march. All night we climbed up
the dark mountain side. Not a sound was made, save the heavy tread
of hobnails. No smoking or lights were permitted. Occasionally
a smothered curse could be heard from some one reeling under a gall-
ing pack. Just before daybreak we entered a dense forest on the
mountain side. There we unrolled our blankets and hid through the
day. To kee]i from rolling down the steep slope while sleeping, many
of the boys tied themselves to trees. In the evening the hike was
continued and we reached our dugouts about 11 o'clock. The next
night a detail, including myself, was sent up to the front line to re-
pair a breach in the wall. This line was within a hundred yards of
the Boche and I assure you, we had a delicate and dangerous task be-
fore us. We could not work fast, as any littlfe noise would attract the
enemy's attention. Occasionally a flare or bursting shell would go
up and illuminate No Man's Land, or a stray bullet would whistle by
and we would duck down, then we would resume our work, only to
duck again. Thus the first fearful night passed and the breach was
repaired.

We spent a month in this sector. It was very hilly and covered
with brush and forest. In many places only the barren stumps and
numerous graves remained to tell the stories of past years when the
two armies met in fearful conflict, each side suffering enormous losses.
We did very little fighting on this front. There was one night, how-
ever, when something must have scared Jerry, for all of a sudden all

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 527

Hell seemed to break loose. He was evidently preparing to come
over. Our signal for a barrage went up and in two minutes, every
valley and hillside was pouring forth a volley of artillery and machine-
gun fire that no army could have withstood. Every available man
was instantly at his post with fixed bayonet. Before daybreak
everything was quiet again and, although serious enough, we couldn't
help but joke over the excitement.

At night time, a sentinel's duty on an outpost was very nerve-rack-
ing. Objects seemed to be transformed into weird crouching figures.
In a nearby tree a hoot owl would perch, doling its mournful notes,
or a bold rat would scamper over the tin roof. During the daytime,
our tasks were less strenuous. We would often go to the rear of the
lines to gather raspberries and huckleberries of which there was an
abundance.

In the early morning of August 17th, we were relieved by another
outfit and went back in reserve. This period was of short duration,
for things were happening all along the battle front, and so we were
soon on our way to the St. M'ihiel sector, where we were to be in sup-
port. We started on the eve of September 12th, and hiked all night
with heavy packs, through mud and a drenching rain. Just before
daylight we pitched pup tents by the roadside, under cover of brush
and trees. AH night long the cannon boomed and we were not sur-
prised the following day to hear that our doughboys were driving the
enemy before them and taking thousands of prisoners. At night
time the airplanes would fly over us, dropping bombs and causing a
little alarm.

On the 1 8th of September, we started toward the Argonne and
Meuse front. The first day we were transported in trucks, the next
few days we spent in hiding by day and hiking by night. On this
sector, the Germans had concentrated scores of their best divisions.
Among them were many of the Crown Prince's famous Prussian
Guards. They were evidently expecting a drive, but were puzzled
to know when it would take place. On the twenty-fifth we "pulled
stakes" and started off for the "big shoot." Under cover of dark-
ness, we hiked for about three hours and stopped just outside of a
little ruined village. Here we waited on a hillside until about day-
break. All night long the artillery barked unceasingly, flares and
signal lights going up all along the lines. To the rear of us the giant
marine guns were sending over their huge sixteen-inch shells, each
discharge fairly shaking the ground we stood on. At 2 a.m., a three-
hour barrage began and every piece of artillery was turned loose on
the enemy's fortifications. It was a continuous roar. For once Jer-
ry was having his "iron rations" issued in great style. At about 5
o'clock the barrage lifted. The zero hour had come and we went

528 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

over the top ! The One Hundred Thirty-eighth was in the lead and
our regiment, the One Hundred Fortieth, foHowed in support. It
was a grand sight. Not a man flinched or lost his nerve. Every
command was obeyed and we were soon marching on across No
Man's Land in squad column. It was hard to find our way through
the fog and smoke. Communication lines, wire entanglements, and
shell holes made progress very difficult. We had not gone far when
we began to meet large groups of prisoners. Each group would be
conducted to the rear by two or three Americans. The prisoners
were shabby-looking fellows and were glad enough to fall into our
hands.

The Germans' front line was well fortified. They had tunneled
into the hillsides and were living in concrete apartments. Some of
these were several tiers high. Judging from the food, fine furniture,
and other conveniences, they had apparently lived in luxury and pleas-
ure. For about four years these had been their permanent homes.
It was too bad the Yanks should come over and destroy their play-
house.

Although we were only in support, that first day was not without
its hardships and dangers. We carried light packs, but before night
were glad enough to lay them down. We must have advanced that
day about four miles. We soon came within range of the enemy's
artillery fire, and often had to seek protection in some trench or shell
hole till the worst was over and then advance again. At about 3
o'clock we came in sight of our first dead. They had evidently run
into some machine-gun nests. At sight of these dead, my heart filled
with loathing and hatred. Was this a demonstration of Prussian
civilization? Was this the expression of German kultur? That
night we slept on a hillside just outside of Cheppy. Our covering con-
sisted of a slicker and the blue skies above us. It was chilly and bv
morning a drizzling rain set in. Just before daybreak we were aroused
and were once more on our unpleasant march. We took the lead
and relieved the One Hundred Thirty-eighth, which the previous day
had suffered immense losses. We had left our artillery pretty well
in the rear and soon realized that we were up against a stiff proposi-
tion. We needed support. The command was therefore given to
"dig in" and wait for tanks. Our ranks were being shelled terribly.
It was while waiting here that I had the bayonet blown off my gun.
A shell burst almost within arm's length of where I lay, severely
wounding a couple of machine gunners lying near me and almost
covering me wath earth. At about 3 o'clock, we saw the tanlvs ap-
proaching. They came up alwut twenty or thirty yards apart. They
looked like monstrous caterpillars slowly wending their course up and
down the hillsides, defying every obstacle, and apparently heedless of

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 529

the withering artillery fire. As they passed us, the command was
given to go over the top. Not a man hesitated. It was a grand
sight to see the Yankees fearlessly advancing down the hill, against
a terrific barrage. The men fell on either side and the stretcher-
bearers were soon busy carrying ofif the wounded. Some of these
were mangled in a horrible manner. We advanced to the next hill
and that night slept for the first time in German trenches.

In the early dawn of morning, we were again aroused and once
more the serious command was given to advance. Little did we real-
ize that within a few hours the nearby hills and valleys were to be
strewn with thousands of dead and wounded. Our advance as usual
was obstructed by shell holes, trenches, and endless miles of wire
entanglements. Through the latter the tanks soon made a pathway
for the infantry. As we approached the crest of the hill, the Boche,
from the opposite hill, turned loose on us all their war machinery and
we were compelled to go down on the other side through a perfect
sheet of shell fire. Men were hurled several feet into the air and in
many cases they were wiped out in squads. This all happened in less
than an hour. This sector might very appropriately be called the
"Valley of the Shadow of Death" or the "Devil's Playground." An
entrance made in my diary that afternoon gives a vivid picture of the
battle: "September 28,— Still in the Van. Advanced about a mile
but had to fall back a little and wait for tanks. Advanced again
about a kilo, under heavy shell fire. Lost many in few minutes. At
present, hiding in brush. Can hear a wounded soldier crying for
water, his mouth and face shattered. War is HELL!" That even-
ing, under cover of darkness, we retired to some dense brush. There
through a drizzling cold rain, we sat down in the mud and waited for
morning. Never loefore in my life had I felt so forsaken. I had
borne a good deal, but this night's experiences were almost unbear-
able.

The following day, Sunday, September 29th, nothing of special im-
portance took place on our part of the sector. Our regiment was,
however, exposed to enemy machine-gun fire and during the afternoon
it was necessary to fall back about a half mile and strengthen our po-
sitions. There was heavy shelling and at night a lot of gas was sent
over.

Then next day was spent in the trenches prepared by the engineers
the previous day. At last the welcome rumors came up to the front
line that our division was to be relieved the next morning. The Ger-
mans must have heard it, too, for all night long they pestered us
with mustard gas. This ruse of the enemy is often more deadly than
shell fire. Death from it is terrible. It burns out the lungs and finally
strangles its victims.

530 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Just before dawn of October ist, the First Division came to our
relief. Our shattered division assembled at the foot of the hill. It
was a sorry-loking outfit. Five days of ceaseless fighting had re-
duced us to less than half of our original strength. Our dlothing
was torn and dirty. For a week we had neither had time nor con-
veniences to shave or wash, but we had won our objective and could
well afiford to forget our worries.

What a field of waste and misery we had to cross that morning.
Words positively can not describe it. A person must use his own
imagination. Vegetation had been totally destroyed. Guns, wag-
ons, rolling kitchens, and other accessories laid heaped up everywhere.
Horses and men were strewn from hill to hill. Many of the men
were so fearfully mangled that they were beyond recognition. Their
severed limbs, alone, gave evidence as to whether they were friends
or foes.

After five days rest (?) which consisted principally of hiking and
drilling, we were again, on October 12th, sent to the front lines.
This time to the famous Verdun sector, where' the French had resolved
that the Germans should not pass. I will not begin to describe
the extreme ruin of this part of the war zone. Words can not tell it.
While here I had the rare privilege of seeing a Boche plane brought
down in flames. One dark and rainy night a hundred of us were
sent out on a scouting raid, with explicit orders to get a prisoner at
any cost. We scoured No Man's Land all night but failed in our ob-
ject. We stumbled over several of Jerry's trenches but he was no-
where to be found.

On November 5th, we left the lines and for several days made long
hikes. We did not know where we were going, but we were told we
were bound for something real lively, the Metz drive. But, thanks
to Good Fortune, this was November loth, and the following day,
the Armistice was signed. Were we happy? Not as hilarious as
the folks at home, but just glad. Could it be true? Was this really
the end? Were we soon going home? Little did we think that
there would be five more months of anxious waiting till that dream
could be realized. These were trying months indeed! There was a
monotonous grind of guard duty, hand drilling, and real soldiering.
It was during the Holidays that I had the special privilege of going
to Aix-les-Bain on furlough. It was a trip long to be remembered.
Our fare, board, and lodging were, of course, paid by the Govern-
ment; and the Y. M. C. A. did the rest. I will not go' into detail as
I have already mentioned some of the historical and ancient places
it was my good fortime to see.

On the 9th of March we started on our relay for the good old U.
S. A. On Sunday morning we entrained for Le Mans. Here we

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 531

stayed till the 31st of March, on which date we again entrained, this
time for St. Nazaire. Our ship was in port and we had expected to
board it at once, but we still had two weeks left of rigid inspection
while the vessel was being unloaded and made seaworthy for the
homeward voyage.

On the 15th of April we bade farewell to foreign shores and boarded
the Nansemond, a captured German transport, and on the following
morning we were tugged out and started for "God's Country." It
was a long and tedious trip. There were about 5,000 on board, in-
cluding a large number of casuals. The sea was calm and every-
body was in good spirits. On the morning of the 28th land was
sighted and at about lO a.m. we entered Hampton Roads, Virginia,
and once more we marched out on American soil. It was a thrilling
experience. The people greeted us heartily. Even nature seemed to
rejoice. It was a clear, warm day; the trees were blossoming, and
everywhere the birds were singing their happiest carols. How un-
like a year ago — this was indeed the sunshine after the rain.

Things were moving pretty fast and we were soon on our way to
Camp Dodge, where, on the 7th of May, I received my discharge. The
fetters were off and once more I stepped out as a free man.

An Advance Near Verdun

Written by Lyle Chapman, second lieutenant of Company M, One
Hundred Twenty-sixth Infantry, Thirty-second Division.

On the night of September 25th we moved from the Bois de Lavoy,
starting for the front. We marched until 3 o'clock in the morning,
stopping to rest in the woods just south and west of Verdun, in which
place I first heard the sound of high explosive shells — and one of
them wounded three boys of Company I. We rested here until 10:30
in the morning, when we received orders to proceed to the Bois de
Hesse. It was shortly after receiving orders to move forward that I
witnessed the death of the only American observer killed during our
participation in the war. A German, flying an Allied plane a little
over our observation balloons, which were three in number, turned
quickly and shot a phosphorous bullet into the first American balloon,
which contained two observers. The observer who jumped out on
the right side got away safely; the downyard flight of the other one,
who jumped out on the left side, was in the direct path of the burn-
ing balloon ; the balloon fell directly on his parachute, which caught
fire and came down burning, head-over-heels, to the ground.

In our advance to the Bois de Hesse, being under continual observa-
tion from the enemy at all times on account of the train, it was neces-
sary for us to use what is known in the army as approach formation,

532 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

keeping off the main traveled roads, using what cover was available.
We arrived at Bois de Hesse at 5 :30 on the night of September 26th,
being called to a halt right in front of our own artillery. The
Germans caused us some inconvenience during the night and until
noon the next day, at which time a scouting party was sent across No
Man's Land and captured the snipers. We remained in the Bois de
Hesse until the night of September 29th, when orders came to pro-
ceed to the front. We rolled our packs, issued the rations and am-
munition, and evacuated camp at 6 p.m. on the night of the 2gth. On
account of the congestion of the roads across No Man's Land it was
difficult to make any headway. By 9 o'clock at night we had ad-
vanced about one kilometer. From that time until 6 o'clock the next
morning we were held up and during that time we laid alongside the
road, where, lying in the mud with rain falling all night long, I had
as comfortable sleep as I had ever had.

We were on our way again at 6 o'clock and moved forward through
what had been No Man's Land, through Avercourt up to the Bois de
Montfaucon. We pitched our tents here at 11 a.m., September 30th,
but at 2 p.m. received orders directing us to relieve the Thirty-seventh
in the front lines that night. We started marching forward at sun-
down. Previous to this time we had always marched in columns of
two; now our orders were to march in single file, five paces between
each man. We marched until 3 a.m. when we reached our position
in support of the Second -Battalion, One Hundred Twenty-sixth In-
fantry, near the little town of Ivory. Our battalion was located in
and alongside of a stone quarry, my platoon being to the right of
the quarry, along a single line of hedge.

It was cold and rainy, so we got in very little sleep before daylight,
but the morning came off bright and sunshiny. The first thing after
breakfast we walked part way up a hill just in front of us that had
been battle-ground a couple of days before. Here we saw hundreds
of guns, thousands of rounds of ammunition, packs, etc. The first
part of the morning there was no activity whatever, so we made
no particular preparations to dig ourselves in. At 10 o'clock the Ger-
mans sent over about a dozen high explosive shells right into our sec-
tor— and within four minutes there was dirt flying in all directions.
During our stay in support we had about twenty-five casualties from
high explosives and gas. While in this location we could observe
much aeroplane activity and saw quite a number of flights each day,
occasionally seeing observation balloons being shot up and burned.

On the evening of November 3d we moved into the front lines at
the Bois de Eimont. We started at 9 o'clock p.m., arriving in our
positions in the front lines at 12 o'clock. We dug ourselves in and
gave the boys orders to unroll their packs and get some sleep in an-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 533

ticipation of an attack the next morning. At 4:50 a.m. I received
orders to report to battalion headquarters, there to receive the order
of battle and pyrotechnics. We got instruction to go over the top
at 5 :25, with orders that the barrage was to advance at the rate of
100 meters in five minutes. This was to be without advance artil-
lery preparation. The order having reached us so near' to the time of
going over we had to do considerable hustling to get our packs rolled
to be ready in time to start. At exacty 5 125 the barrage started,
and exactly at 5 :25 the Germans started a counter-barrage. Some
of the boys who had been through the earlier battles of the war at
Chateau Thierry and Soissons said that this counter-barrage was the
greatest they had ever witnessed, making advance impossible. This
was my first experience in an attack. It was impossible for us to
move with heavy shells dropping around and among us, with trees
falling all about us, but I was afraid possibly the rest of the outfit
might be going forward, so I managed to get to a point of contact
with the other platoon and found that they were in the same position
as my platoon. Finally, the ofticer in command 'of the company or-
dered us to withdraw to the stone quarry. There we reformed our
company, and found that we had eighty-one men left out of the origi-
nal 243. Then our company of eighty-one men was formed into two
platoons and reported to our major at the Bois de Eimont, who or-
dered us to proceed with the attack. We went forward out of Bois de
Eimont until we got out of the woods in our advance toward La-
Grange farm, each man for himself from shell hole to shell hole,
finally capturing LaGrange farm about 11 a.m., continuing our ad-
vance to the Gaynes-Romagne road, where we dug in and consoli-
dated our position to remain until the next morning. At 7 o'clock we
again tried to advance, going forward possibly 300 meters, but on
account of the terrific machine-gun fire and hand grenades we went
back to the road. In about an hour we tried it again but were again
forced to return to the road, making a report to our major that it
was impossible for us to advance against the Boche's terrific fire.
At 10 o'clock three French tanks were brought up to assist in the ad-
vance and we followed about fifty yards behind them. The tanks
cleaned out three or four machine-gun nests, turned around and went
back. We dug in and consolidated our position about 200 meters
from the Gaynes-Romagne road and held this position until relieved
by the One Hundred Twenty-fifth Infantry an the evening of Oc-
tober 25th. Then we went back to our starting point, the rock quar-
ry. I left here on the morning of October Sth and was evacuated to
the field hospital.

534 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

America's Greatest Battle

Part II of Frederick Palmer's story in Collier's Weekly, of the
Meuse-Argonne offensive.

In the first article we have seen our army break through the old
first-line fortifications from the Meuse River to the Argonne Forest
and, after its rapid advance in the open, clinch with the Germans
before the strong positions on the whaleback of the heights toward
Buzancy, which was our goal, while Ludendorfif marshaled his fresh
divisions, his veteran artillery, and his chosen machine gunners to
make the most of the reverse slopes, ravines, woods, and all the de-
tails of a tricky commanding landscape.

This article covers the second and the hardest phase of the battle
which lasted all through the month of October. Autumn was now
upon us in earnest. The nights were penetratingly cold and the
ground, where the men had to lie, moist from the chill rains which
turned paths and roads into sloughs. Mist interfered with aerial
and artillery observation. The overcast sky was in keeping with the
character of the battle. For days on end there seemed no sign of
any color in relief from the dull grays and browns except the red,
white, and blue bull's-eye of an airplane when it flew over low. We
were preparing another general attack for October 4 with the fresh
divisions which had just been brought into line. On the left the 77th
Division was still knitting its way through the Argonne Forest. The
French Fourth x\rmy on its left and the 28th Division on its right
had not been able to make rapid advance at first, and the farther into
the forest the 77th went the more formidable became the ground and
the difficulties of keeping any uniformity of formations in the attacks
through the thick underbrush. The Argonne was a strange hunting
ground for the 77th; one better suited for Davy Crockett than for
city men. But the 77th did not want to yield its place in the Ar-
gonne to any other division. It wanted the conquest of the forest
to be as much its own as if it belonged to Manhattan Island. In an
advance on October 3 Major Whittlesey's battalion gained its objec-
tive and then found that it had lost contact with the l^attalion on its
left, that its messengers did not get through to the brigade command,
and finally that it was cut off. For five days, with rations for only
a day and a half, his battalion was to remain dug into a hillside, among
the roots of trees on the walls of a great ravine, while the Germans
enfiladed his position with trench-mortar and machine-gun fire. This
quiet young lawyer, whom a training camp at home had sent to the
Argonne, shaved every morning and kept himself looking neat and
cheerful when he went among his men, although he was as hungry
as thev. He acted as if this was not an unusual situation for a bat-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 535

talion in the Great War — but, on the contrary, a recognized feature
of the game. As they saw he never flinched, it was easier for them
not to flinch. It was a gallant, appealing incident, that of this
battalion of Metropolitans lost in this famous old forest, while their
comrades could not break through in the rear to them, while the
French on the left could not relieve the pressure or their 28th Divis-
ion the pressure on the right, while all the way to the North Sea the
guns were thundering in the Allied advance and from the Aire to the
Meuse our men were attacking throughout these five days with a
fervor which in an Asiatic race might have been called fanaticism.

When I went over the ground with Whittlesey he explained the ac-
tion. He had little to say of what he had done himself ; this to any-
one who knows something of the mettle that makes good soldiers was
significant that he possessed it. He deserved great credit; but —
and he understood this simply and finely — he deserved no more than
many other battalion commanders. The Lost Battalion! — the be-
sieged battalion! — appealed to public imagination! Other battalions
did equally glorious things with equal skill and equal stoicism.

On the east of the forest the 28th was still fighting in attack after
attack to master the wooded escarpments which the forest flings
out into the valley of the Aire. Across the Aire, along the heights
which protected the heights of Buzancy, the Germans had built the
Friemhilde-Stellung, a rough trench line with barbed wire guarded
by covering positions in front which was especially strong in the
Romagne forests. Under this name of Romagne may be grouped
the series of woods which were the Wilderness of this campaign.
Beyond, toward the Meuse, there were other woods: Cunel, a small
wood but wickedly situated, and Fays and Foret Woods, which con-
tinued, in a little congeries of woods and heights, the line of German
defense; and bear in mind the heights on the other side of the Meuse
— always keep them in the picture, for in the battle to those who were
within range of their shell fire they were never out of it.

Our men in the front line had dug themselves in — and so had the
Germans — in little fox holes in ravines, on reverse slopes or in the
edge of the woods, where they kept watch until we attacked in force
again or repulsed counter-attacks with machine-gun fire, or crept out
at night as patrols, or in the first flush of dawn made a rush to take
another "bite" and gain some vantage point.

Trench warfare in the old sense was now completely over. The
armies had all accepted this new system of thin outpost lines in the
fox holes while the machine gunners moved their guns skillfully about
in forming crisscross zones of fire. Tactics had been resolved back
to the individualism of the old days for the infantryman.

It was not in our nature to fight in the way that the French fought,

536 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

and better too that it was not our way, as we were the young army,
with the freshness of young and growing power in our thrusts. The
French had fought with our driving intensity on the Marne; latterly
they had become thrifty. They were at their best — unexcelled — in
making "bites under the protection of their artillery. When they
had won a gain they would dig in thoroughly and wait until every-
thing was ready to make another. Our men were impatient of this
method. It was slow to them. They wanted to make "a real" job
of it when they attacked; to "go to it" with a rush "right on through."
This kind of tactics developed their alertness, their resourcefulness,
and their dynamic nervous energy. Moreover, our men liked to
feel that they were a part of a big attack. Retail business did
not interest them. They had come from a land of department stores
and huge industrial corporations. No general can change a soldier's
racial character, he is wise only as far as he may mold it.

Now, it was evident, as you looked at the position on the morning of
October i, after our first rush had spent itself, that we must
take the heights east of the Aire in another rush. This was the key
to the situation. We had the experienced ist, 2d, and 3d Divisions
going into line in place of exhausted young divisions. The ist had
been in reserve in the center. It was to have been used to drive on
through in the bulge toward Buzancy after the 79th had exhausted
itself.

There are men who say that if we had had the ist, 2d, and 32d in
the center at the start of the Argonne battle and our new divisions
had been given the task at Saint-Mihiel, which was better suited to
their capabilities, we .should have gained the crest of the whaleback
on the second day and taken 100,000 prisoners. This is interesting
speculation for the gossips of Paris or for headquarters of any one
of the Allied armies; and all headquarters are always expecting more
of their forces than it is in human power to accomplish — which is a
sound rule for commanders to follow. However, we could not have
had the old divisions on the Argonne and Saint-Mihiel too, when we
were preparing for the Argonne before we struck at Saint-Mihiel.

A DOZEN EELLEAU WOODS

The 1st was now transferred from Cameron's Fifth Corps to Lig-
gett's First Corps. It was given the place of honor in the general
attack of October 4, and a place of honor in the Argonne battle was
bound to be costly though glorious. It was to drive a wedge into the
German lines by moving up and down the slopes and over the crest
of the thickly wooded hills on the east bank of the Aire. All our
troops in the Argonne Forest and all eastward to the Meuse were call-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 537

ing for this action in grim necessity. So too were the British and
French armies, either wanting German reserves drawn from its front
and both hoping that we might make a decisive thrust.

Since my return home I have been asked if Belleau Wood was our
most briUiant action. One answers: "Brihiant in what respect?
In battle efhciency? In courage?" For at the front we thought of
divisions only in terms of efficiency. At home you thought of them
in terms of sentiment, pride, and affection and of a great faith. I
should place in even higher esteem than Belleau Wood the drive of
the 1st and 2d divisions toward Soissons in July and possibly still
higher that drive which the ist was now to make. We had a dozen
Belleau Woods in the Argonne.

The 1st was a regular division, the pioneer of our divisions in
France, the longest trained; but it was not regular in the old sense,
being better than regular to my mind, as we have understood that
word regular in the past. Many of its young officers were out of the
training camps, and the men who had filled the gaps in the ranks
had come from the \'olunteers or the draft in all parts of the country.
It was amazing how soon that divisional machine made a recruit a
veteran.

"Buddy, you now belong to the ist, and in the ist we — ." Thus
the neophyte soon learned the ways of the ist. As a "kid" lieuten-
ant of the 1st, who has now answered his last roll call, said: "This
is a mean, nasty war, but it is the only war we have had or most of
us ever want, and we will have to put up with it and fight the boche
in the meanest, nastiest way possible, if that is the way to lick
the mean, nasty boche." This was certainly not a sophomoric view
of war, and it was characteristic of the ist Division.

"as per schedule"

I think that possibly when the ist Division went into the Argonne
battle it was the most efficient American division that ever wore shoe
leather ; if it was not, then perhaps the 2d was — as all men of the 2d
will agree. We were all thrilled when the ist took the place of 35th
and advanced over the ground where the 35th had fought desperately.
The dead of the 35th were in groups in the Exermont ravine. When
the men of the ist saw them they knew how good it was to be veter-
ans under exacting, competent direction ; for veterans do not bunch
under the enemy's fire. This is giving the enemy a target.

And Summerall was in command! He had led the ist in the drive
toward Soissons. He is a leader compounded of all kinds of fighting
qualities, a crusader and a calculating tactician, who, some say, can
be gentle as the sweetest-natured chaplain, while others say that he is

538 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

nothing- but brimstone and ruthless determination. The ist, with
Summerall in command! We knew it would "go through!" It has
always gone through. This was the part cast for the ist in the A.
E. F. We knew that it would not attack in too great density, for
that is not being mean and nasty to your enemy. Its battalion com-
manders would not hesitate in an emergency, and its veteran gunners
would roll barrages of fire accurately and steadily in front of the in-
fantry. Where strong points resisted, the artillery would be prompt
with its blasts of destruction to clear the way.

"As per schedule," the brief divisional report begins the account
of this operation — a report which is the coldest prose I have read
for as hot a piece of work as I have ever seen. I am not quite sure
that among his other names the general might not be called "Per
Schedule" Summerall.

The Germans had a hot reception prepared for the ist, but the ist
expected this. It was due on those heights unless the Germans had
forgotten the art of war. Four new divisions were identified on the
ist's front on the first day's attack. Constantly, undaunted by cas-
ualties, the division kept plowing ahead, blasting the enemy's counter-
attacks before he could bring enough troops to bear, keeping the initi-
ative in its own hands. There were delays from scorching machine-
gun fire down the roads and ravines; on the slopes of Hill 240, from
gas and shells as well as machine-gun fastnesses that would have baf-
fled inexperienced hands, but no prolonged repulses.

The mood of the ist was right; it was the mood of men who will
not take no, and require an immediate yes. For eight days altogether
the 1st was fighting steadily, not taking bites, but in determined, per-
sistent action. It had taken Fleville, a village on the bank of the
river, but that was only an incident. Fleville fell when the hills
that overshadowed it fell. With flanks on the eastern valley wall of
the Aire exposed to fire from the western wall the ist applied the
skill which it had learned in hugging cover from fire both in flank
and in front as it greedily sought more advantages.

When the ist came out, its losses were over 9,000 in killed and
wounded. Half of its infantry was out of action. It had paid the
price, but it was the price of vital success. If in future years you
should ever ride down the valley of the Aire as you look up at those
hills which command all the valley and the gap of Grand Pre, you
may conclude that not only the ist but the other divisions which
fought through their machine gun nests and underbrush were capable
of deeds which make Lookout Mountain appear somewhat less of a
battle by comparison than some of us think that it was.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 539

THROUGH A GAMUT OF SHEIvL FIRE

The 1st had reHeved the pressure on the 77th, thus helping to ex-
tricate the Lost Battahon, and opened the door closed by cross fire for
the 28th, somewhat beleaguered, but now pressing forward on the
other side of the Aire Valley at the forest's edge, to repay the 1st in
kind by helping to relieve it of fire from across the valley; for the
business of each division was to keep up the schedule set for it as one
of a number of units in line, lest it prove an unwelcome companion
which exposed its neighbors. For a week the 28th had fretted
against the formidable Taille I'Abbe, with its only avenue of approach
open field under the eyes of waiting machine gunners. Now it work-
ed its way around this frowning obstacle and it crossed the Aire and
took Chatel Chehery with its storming parties, making sure that
at least one height. Hill 244, would not enfilade the ist any further.
The 28th had been in that infernal trough of the Aire for two weeks
at a cost of 3,000 casualties; but before it was relieved it had finally
cleaned the last of the Germans out of the Thickets, the Abbe Woods,
which had been the nightmare of its Argonne career. Some people
were calling it the Iron Division. Steel is tempered iron. The 28th
was tempered in the Aire Valley. After the Aire the Susquehanna
or the Monongahela ought to look pleasant.

If the salient which the ist made had not been spread, then the ist
had simply made a thrust into the lion's jaw. If the salient were
sufficiently spread, then the lion's jaws were dislocated. As the 28th
alone was not equal to that task, the 82nd Division, under Duncan, a
sound, cool soldier trained in the school of the ist, was put in on the
6th as a link between the ist and the 28th (which it was later
to relieve) with mission of making a rush worthy of the company it
kept across the river bottoms, to take some particularly sheer and
difficult heights on the Argonne Forest side of the valley which com-
manded the zone of the ist and impeded ultimate progress of the 77th
in the Forest. The 82nd was inexperienced in battle, but our com-
mand had learned that the National Army divisions never lacked
drive, and this one, the "all- America" division, seemed to feel that its
honor was bound up with that of all the draft men in the United
States.

Having failed to check the thrust of the ist, the next step for the
Germans was to try to check this thrust. They did not depend upon
machine guns and artillery on the ridges alone, but brought both down
on to the river bottom to wait for our infantry as it came upon ris-
ing ground. Field guns attached to battalions fired at point-blank
range. In that case the thing to do was to take the guns; and
the 82nd took them.

540 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

In places the men could ford the Aire. In other places they had to
build bridges. They had six days of repeated charges. Not every
charge went home. Some that went home did not stick. Twice they
took the village of Cornay and twice they had to retire in face of
counter-attacks, but night found them in each instance farther ad-
vanced. They climbed up the ridge walls aroimd bowlders and
through thickets to find that the German machine gunners had some
unexpected angle of fire that recjuired further consideration of the
situation. They were gassed and shelled continually, of course. Take
it for granted that everybody in front was gassed and shelled through-
out the battle.

One battalion of the 82d lost all but 190 men. In one batch of 300
prisoners that the 826. took every man was a machine gunner or an
artillerist, and a large percentage of these were veteran noncommis-
sioned officers of a type that usually do not bother to surrender while
they have a cartridge left. The 826. was in the sector twenty-five
days. Its casualties were 6,700, including a thousand killed. At one
time it was down to 4,500 men fit for duty on its morning reports.
General Dtmcan established a divisional rest camp for the tired men
out of range of the shells, and his parental care and the extraordi-
nary tenacity of the men kept the division going at a time when we
needed every man we could muster at the front.

At the end of the second of those first six days the 82d had so far
cleared the road for the 77th that it had a new lease of life in a sin-
gle bound of eight kilometers through the Argonne Forest. At the
end of the sixth day the S2d had reached the Kriemhilde-Stellung
itself, where it got the k,ind of information from the Germans which
was a sufficient hint to our army command that the 82d had better
pause in its eager course of victory. On the other side of Grand Pre
the French Fourth Army could not bulge out toward the Bourgogne
Forest and the 77th crossed the river and entered Grand Pre and
Saint-Juvin quite handily. Now, thanks to the gallantry of the 82d,
all that stretch of river bottom called the Grand Pre gap was ours,
while ahead there looked down upon us still the final summits of the
whaleback which we must attain before we could strike downhill to-
ward the German lines of communication.

This covers Liggett's corps through the first ten days of October.
We turn to Cameron's Fifth Corps, which was facing the center of
the enemy's position. There the 32d, of Michigan and Wisconsin,
had come into line for the attack of the 4th in place of the 37th.
Its division staff" had established a reputation which it must maintain.
The divisional emblem of the 32d is an arrow, which means that when-
ever the 32d went against the German line it pierced the German
line. There were some men from Wisconsin who relished that kind

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 541

of an operation, as it gave them a chance to show Prussian guards
how Americans of German origin could fight.

In their first battle on the heights of the Ourcq the men of the 32d
learned, as the 82d learned in the valley of the Aire, that if you fail
to take a position the first time try again and if you are put out of a
position retake it. Now they had a tougher problem than they had
on the heights of the Ourcq or at Juvigny. They were expected to
pierce the Kriemhilde-Stellung, the great Romagne defense line.
Between them and the Stellung were strong covering positions pro-
tecting all approaches. Through a gamut of shell fire and swept
by machine-gun fire they reached the village of Gesnes; but the Ger-
man guns concentrated on Gesnes and put a circle of shell fire around
it in a way that made it no place for wise soldiers to occupy until
some of the German guns had been silenced. After they had with-
drawn, their artillery had a free hand to pound every point where the
gunners thought there were machine-gun nests or enemy Ijatteries.
Then the 32d attacked again, making and holding gains, but finding
that the more machine guns they captured and the more that were
destroyed by artillery fire, the more the Germans seemed to have.

CONSOLIDATING GAINS

On the 7th a brigade of the 91st which still held a place in the line
after its fierce experience in the first days of the battle was put under
command of the 32d; but what the 32d needed was more ■artillery.
The guns of the 42d or Rainbow Division, which had jusl come up
in reserve to go into line, were attached to the 32d. This gave it
double its usual complement of artillery — and veteran artillery into
the bargain.

The two artillery brigades ought to be able to blast a way for the
infantry. With artillery enough, if there were sufficient room for it,
all the Germans in the Kriemhilde-Stellung could be mixed with the
desiccated landscape. Time was important too, for the 32d had the
same kind of mission on the right of the ist Division in breaking
into that Romagne woods system that the 82d had on the left in
spreading the salient. The right flank of the ist was bent back un-
der the sweep of the fire from the Cote de Chatillon, the worst of all
the hills, and the Dame Marie Ridge.

With the support of the combined artillery of the two divisions the
32d put all its back into a fresh attack. Many an attack in this war
with more gunfire in support has failed against less redoubtable posi-
tions. On that day the German aviators were particularly spiteful.
They flew low, pumping bullets from overhead in addition to the
sweep of bullets from all kinds of ground angles in front. In the

542 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

center the men of the 32d were checked. On the left they got a
foothold in the Cote Dame Marie where the Germans came at them
from all sides. On the right they got into the trench system and
mixed it up hand to hand w'ith German machine-gun fire cutting into
their supports. There was nothing left to do but to "consolidate
gains," as the communiques say, and give the guns another inning
in which, as the result of information acquired in the advance, they
could apply their blasts with better results while the infantry made
ready for another attack.

BREAKING KRIEMHILDE STELLUNG

Meanwhile the 42d came into line in place of the ist to endure the
same kind of hammering from the heights that the ist had endured
until the heights were mastered. The 42d was also a proud division
with a proud record. The two divisions had a common task. As they
were fighting side by side their rivalry was not a sedative to their am-
bition in going against the strongest positions which they had ever
attacked; and in the intricate business of Liaison, with commanders
directing their men in supple formations along lines of least resist-
ance, it is not surprising if there is some question as to which did
the most to win the war.

Both divisions made supreme efforts on the morning of the 14th,
applying all the veteran experience of their infantry in their actual
plans and of their artillery in flexible supporting barrages of shell
fire. On its left the 32d drove through the town of Romagne itself, and
despite the German artillery concentration on the town, mopped it up.
On the right it had to intrench on the slopes of Cote Dame Marie for
protection against irresistible fire. Then the 42d gained the ap-
proaches to Hill 288, which was the key to the position, in such fash-
ion that the command of the 32d, quick to see its opportunity, rushed
a battalion around in flank and broke the Germans out of the Dame
Marie. By night the 32d had advanced a mile and a half, which was
a long distance against those Romagne positions. Fifty yards count-
ed more than a mile after the line was finally broken on November i.

As for the 42d, there were times in those succeeding days of re-
morseless, grinding, driving efiforts — with support for patrols driven
forward at night to renew the attack in full force in the morni^ig,
when it seemed as if it were not within human strength to go on.
But Summerall was now in command of the Fifth Corps sector, which
had been side-slipped in order that he might have charge of that drive
against the heights which he had begun with his old division. The
task was set; it must be performed. It was performed.

Will any soldier of the 42d ever forget the fearful pressure of the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 543

corps commander or the fire that swept down from every possilile hid-
ing place ? The 42d took that monstrous Cote de Chatillon and Hill
288. We had broken the Kriemhilde-Stellung, which was news to
put heart into any tired army. General IMenoher of the 42d and
General Haan of the 32d, who had commanded the divisions from the
time of their arrival in France, had seen the results of long service
in an accomplishment which is the soldier's best reward. The 32d's
casualties were 5,019, with only 474 killed, and 1,095 prisoners had
been taken. The 42d's casualties were 2,895, including the 380
killed.

The drive of these two divisions and of the 82d, after the ist had
made the wedge, with the taking of the Grand Pre gap, stand out
sensationally in their tactical importance above the ruck of battle
which was raging in repeated attacks all the way to the Meuse River;
and the divisions on our right toward the Meuse, whose equally per-
sistent pressure was equally important in the whole plan, suffered as
much as those on the left, if not more. It was the viciously brave
work of the veteran regular 3d on its flank, under Major General
Beaumont Buck, and later under Brigadier General Preston Brown,
which permitted the success of the 32d.

SILENCING HILL 299

On the morning of the general attack of October 4 the 3d advanced
over one ridge on its front and gained the second, where it drew a
withering fire. In front of it was Cunel Wood and the valley of the
Moussin Brook, where it later formed for the attack on the strong
Mamelle trench, which it took finally on October 9. On the follow-
ing days it repulsed a counter-attack and endured a furious and venge-
ful German response to its success. The men had to withdraw from
their new positions under concentrated bombardments only to slip
back as soon as the fire was lifted with a catlike celerity before the
Germans had time to improve their opportunity.

For the 3d, no less than the other veteran divisions, had "old mas-
ters" among its men to teach the raw recruits the tricks of the costly
trade of war. They knew the bitterness of attacks that failed, of ad-
vanced units having to filter back at night from dearly won vantage
points which it was impossible to hold in small force. But defensive
methods were not in their Chateau-Thierry tradition or in that of
their commander. They had held the German under a threat of
swinging in on the Romagne position, which diverted his fire from the
32d and 42d even when the 4th was gaining no ground. By October
20 they were ready to silence forever Hill 299, which was the high-
est of all the hills in the area and looked down on the ravines and the

544 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

roads and among patches of woods as upon an arena. They ap-
proached it on either side, and in an emergency Colonel Morrow
took command of runners and any troops available and personally led
them through the Claire Chenes Wood.

When the 3d, after twenty-six days in line, was relieved, its casual-
ties in the Argonne battle had been 8,072, including 927 killed, the
heaviest of any except the ist, I believe. The same kind of dogged,
fiendish, and thankless work fell to the 4th (regular) Division, under
Major General Hersey, which had not iDeen out of the line since the
battle began and was to remain in line until October 18, when its cas-
ualties were 5,960, including 679 killed. It had on its front the
Freya Stellung, an eastern extension of the Kriemhilde Line, and a
series of woods apparently separated only for the purpose of giving
the German zones and observations.

The 4th took Fays Woods, which was only an introduction to the
charges and countercharges in the Foret Wood and the Brieulles
W^ood, whose conquest could only be won by smothering the Germans
out with shells and gas and then holding on against German shells
and gas. Cronkhite's 80th, the Blue Ridge Division, which had been
out of line after its brilliant advance, returned to the line for the Oc-
tober attacks. And to what a sector, there on the heights above the
trough of the Meuse ! On the morning of the 4th the 80th reached
the edge of the Ogons Woods in flanking attacks which were
stopped by flanking fire from the Fays Wood, and at night its patrols
filtered into the wood, for that was the part the men from the Blue
Ridge were fitted to play. They knew woods and mountain roads
and how to shoot Germans as well as squirrels.

TOWARD ROMAGNE

The next morning Cronkhite had all his guns playing on the woods,
and his machine guns gave his infantry the further protection of in-
direct fire for a charge that gained something, but not the woods.
At dusk the men repeated the attack, and this time they succeeded.
There were other woods ahead, of course, — always more woods. By
the night of the 9th the 86th was along the Cunel-Brieulles road,
and in the small hours of the morning two companies slipped quietly
— oh, very quietly — into the village of Cunel, bringing back two
battalion staiTs of thirty German officers and sixty men. There was
some style to that, although the officers did not see it in that light,
and it was also something further in keeping with Blue Ridge tradi-
tions.

On the night of the loth the 80th was relieved by the 5th, a regu-
lar division, but inexperienced, commanded then by Major General
John E. McMahon, and later by Major General Hanson E. Ely. The

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 545

80th passed on to its successor a legacy which requires no further
comment. What they called "dispersion" happened to the 5th in its
charges against the Pultiere and Rappes Wood; that is, the men,
bunched in the open, scattered, lost their way in the woods, and failed
to use their gas masks and to take care of themselves generally, with
resulting casualties and sickness which depleted their effectiveness.
When Ely took command on the i6th the rifle strength of the divis-
ion was reduced to a little less than one-quarter of the full strength.
Ely was a smiling man weighing 200 pounds and tall in proportion,
who had been long fighting in France, and he had, moreover, kindly
blue eyes and a square jaw with which to remedy the situation in the
5th, tactically, physically, psychologically, and in all other ways.

Neither he or any other leader who was on the west bank of the
Meuse could check the shell fire from the east bank. From the heights
there the Germans had observation of all our roads. W^hen the 80th
was assembling for an attack on the loth its officers thought that
it was out of view; but the German observers from the crests across
the Meuse were watching the process with the satisfaction of a cat
playing with a mouse, and in good time sent over a hail of shells,
with murderous results, into our formations.

As our right swung in its attacks toward the Romagne positions of
the whaleback from the trough of the Meuse, the men faced artillery
fire from Romagne in front and from the left flank, while from across
the river they received artillery fire in the right flank and sometimes
in the rear. The German observers on the Romagne and the Meuse
crests kept each other informed of the movements within their vision,
and plotted them on the map for each other's guns. They were hav-
ing a joyous time, the kind they had in mind that they made sure of
holding the Romagne heights in their retreat from the Marne. In-
cidentally, the shells from across the Meuse included, with gas and
usual variety of calibers, many of big caliber from long-range artillery.

GAS AND MACHINE GUNS

So our men in the valley of the Aire did not have a monopoly of the
hell of the Meuse-Argonne battle. The hell was pretty well distri-
buted all the way to the Meuse. The 17th French Corps, which had
the mission of protecting our Meuse flank, lacked the forces neces-
sary, and we had to send assistance. On October 8 our 33d Division
crossed the river, and this and our 26th and 29th Divisions were to
fight for the heights which hampered our main offensive. They had
a long struggle against strong prepared positions which I shall de-
scribe in the course of the next article.

There is a certain likeness and monotony in the records of the divi-
sions which I have given, but each division (when up to strength)

546 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

represented 27,000 men, and each saw the battle as its own. The
battle was monotonous to each man of the 27,000 only in the sense
that a jumping toothache is monotonous.

A thousand pictures of that battle crowd my recollection, and each
is suggestive of a thousand thoughts. In weapons it was particularly
a battle of gas and machine guns. Gas was used abundantly by
both sides to saturates the woods, where its poison lingers after it
has evaporated from open ground. You had gas always in mind
when you were at the front; and of all the equipment which man has
ever had to carry in battle none was ever more important or more of
a nuisance than a gas mask. You were always listening, too, for the
crack of machine-gun bullets ; and as, at their sound, you took to cov-
er uttering the customar}^ prayer, sometimes with a brimstone ac-
companiment, you wondered if you might not still be visible to some
hidden gunner or sniper. Any one who knew where to go and how
might go far with relatively small risk; the inexperienced might go
only a short distance before walking straight into death. You won-
dered too at the good luck which let some men off unscathed after
months of exposure and at the bad luck which caught others the first
time that they were under fire.

OUR YOUNG WILL

Men who are gassed usually recover. In open warfare the whole
body is exposed to machine-gun bullets. This explains why in the
casualty lists which I have given the percentage of killed to wounded
is frequently only i to 8, 9, or 10, whereas in the old days of trench
warfare, when a man exposed only his head above the. parapet of a
trench to a bullet wound which was usually fatal, or he was hit by a
fragment of a high-explosive shell, or blown to pieces by its burst,
the percentage was I in 3 and even i in 2. But all the wounded, the
sick, and the footsore, with ashen faces and sunken eyes, as well as
the men caught in the epidemic of influenza, which made serious rav-
ages, whether borne back in litters or hobbling along the road, were
out of action for the time being.

To me the battle recalled the Somme and Passchendaele; and I
feared that it might end with us pinioned on the threshold of the
heights which we had sought to gain in the welter of blood and mud
all winter, with the enemy looking down upon us, as had happened to
other offensives. When I think of the battle concretely and try to
resolve all the pictures of recollection into simple factors the words
will, drive, endurance, and power appear. We were tried in these as
we had not been tried since the Civil War, and as one hopes that we
may never be tried again, while without being tried we shall retain
the requisite qualities for standing the test of such a trial.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 547

It was our will — our young- will — to gain the victory grinding on
the German will, worn and desperate with its back against the wall in
skillful defense; the will of hundreds of thousands of men of a young
army strengthened by the will of the commander in chief, who was in
the room of the town hall of the little town of Souilly — upstairs and
first door on the left — where Petain held council over his maps in
the defense of Verdun. Pershing might sufifer acutely as any indi-
vidual, but any hesitation must mean heavier losses in the end.

The will to drive and keep driving, driving, however tired of mind
or body — the driving of Jackson on his marches and in his attacks
afterward, of Grant on the way to Appomattox, of Sherman to the
sea, of the Argonauts of '49, of the contractor cutting a tunnel
through a mountain on a time contract ! No one realized until his
warning came how cumulative was the strain on heart and nerves.
Any commanding officer had the authority to relieve any officer under
him in the course of action. It was exercised frequently — sometimes
too ruthlessly, no doubt, sometimes unwisely.

"I found Major not far forward enough in person to direct

his battalion, and immediately relieved him and put Captain

in command," as one colonel wrote in his report. In such instances
which were rare, a stigma might attach to being "canned," as we call
it in our army, or "degummed," as it was called in the British. In
many instances it meant only that his superior saw what others saw
and the officer could not see himself — that he must soon collapse.

Even when an officer was staggering and inarticulate from fatigue,
and the orders which he gave showed that he had lost his grip of his
duties, he would straighten up and insist that he was all right, with the
fear in his heart that he might be sent to the rear. Again, commanding .
officers, who were themselves at the breaking" point, lost their self-
control and vented their temper by relieving a subordinate. Major
generals were among those who broke down and who were sent away
to rest. One never was certain what officer might not crack or what
one might prove that his nerves were of steel. The thing was to give
all that there is in you. Lieutenants from training camps and from
West Point too, whom nature had not meant to command men, had
leadership taken out of their hands by sergeants and corporals who
were meant by nature to command men. In the elbowing of units
in the attacks, in their overlapping, in the gamble of positions, in the
uncertainties of attack and withdrawal in face of sudden blasts of fire,
in all the business of orders given and changed and canceled in re-
sponse to fluctuating situations, in the direction of the minute de-
tail of compact, who was to say where justice or injustice lay in per-
sonal claims? Success was the brutal criterion under the pressure
for speedy victory.

548 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The risk of death was only an incident to the hardship of snatches
of sleep at any hour on piles of shells, or on the wet, chill earth, or in
dugouts or ruins, and it was the anticipation of the unexpected, the
apprehension of some costly mistake and the stern whip of discipline
which were wearing men down. We were proving that we had en-
durance— such endurance as the British had shown in France and
Flanders and the French at Verdun.

Our men were not all heroes in the accepted terms of your imagina-
tion. They did not all take machine-gun nests single-handed wear-
ing flowers in their tin hats. Those who were at it never admitted
that they liked charging machine-gun nests. Weary men do not
rush gladly into modern battle. They go in as automatons of duty
in response to orders, with their blood rising as they charge in the
desire for the goal or to come to close quarters.

BACK OF THE LINE

We had stragglers in the Argonne, though nothing like as many as
in the Civil War days. The doctor's knowing eye, by a glance or, if
not, by adequate tests, sent the malingerers back into the fight. Bat-
tle police watch the roads. There was a public opinion in the army
on this subject — one that applied the principle of the draft to
the hesitating. It was everybody's battle, and everybody supposed
to be in front must be there. Yet there were rare instances when
men would not follow an officer wherever he chose to lead; his was
the decision, which must be made in an instant frequently, whether
or not he might be leading them to futile sacrifice.

We sent out from that mighty arena of the struggle of titanic forces
weary battalions relieved from the line to miserable packed quar-
ters in barns and ruined houses to rest. They were "deloused" and
"Y. M. C. A.'d," and they slept and slept and slept. When they
awoke they were still dazed from sleep. They were set to drilling
with the replacements which had arrived to take the place of the fallen ;
and with the replacements — weary themselves from being packed
in railway trains from the ports and untried and unacclimatized — ■
came officers who knew their book of tactics but did not know their
Argonne battle. I am not sure that anyone ever knew that battle
or ever will. We simply kept on fig'hting that battle until it was won.

And we sent out from that area, too, empty motor trucks and
the stream of wounded who were passed on to waiting hospital trains
which followed the rails across France until they ran out on spur
tracks at one of the great hospital centers which we had built for such
an emergency — some with 18,000 beds in one group. From that
other world, the Service of Supply, which we called the "S. O. S.,"
we received back our empt}^ motor trucks and cars and wagons load-
ed with shells and cartridges and our daily bread.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 549

In the S. O. S. another army, which was no less a part of the plan
of July, 191 7, than the combat army, was under an equal strain and
under the hardship of missing what we were seeing at the front. All
that it had built and organized was also put to the test of sudden
emergency. Gray-haired officers from civil life were working hard-
er than in all their career. Mechanics who were sticklers for trade-
union hours put in twelve and fourteen hours a day. including Sun-
day and Saturday. The hundreds of thousands of workers in the
S. O. S. had only one duty and thought of only one — to answer the
calls from the front for the material which was needed.

Back of all this power of material and of industry was the power of
the country at home, narrowing as it reached the base ports in a
greater concentration, narrowing on the way across France until the
point of the wedge of all the power was a soldier in a "fox hole," who
wanted a hot meal at night from the rolling kitchens, that dared all
shelled roads.

"Yes, they are driving us and cheering us on," said one soldier,
"from the President and the people down through the generals and
the colonels and the kid lieutenants, right down to us humble privates
— and we've got nobody to drive except the boche."

THE 78TH COMES IN

Both our veteran and new divisions had been exhausted in the first
three weeks' fighting. Now that we had the commanding approach-
es of the Romagne position, our next move was planned to be decisive.

Meanwhile, bear in mind, our flank on the Meuse was still exposed
to fire from the heights on the other side. On the left the French in
the great movement, in which our 2d Division assisted in disengag-
ing Rheims, had been resisted by only a rear-guard action in their ad-
vance to the Aisne after the Eiritish had broken the Hindenburg Line.
They were not facing the Burgogne Forest and the heights of Grand
Pre. Ludendorff must still hold the Bourgogne Forest and the
heights of Grand Pre and the whaleback of Buzancy if he were to
protect his flank. On October 16 McRae's 7Sth National Army Di-
vision relieved the 77th. It was not to have its baptism of fire in
this battle in any charge in the open, but against the keystone of
the enemy's positions for the moment. The 77th had occupied only
a few houses in Grand Pre, which is a good-sized town lying against
a bluff, and the 78th had to clean up the town, house by house. Above
the town was the "citadel," and beyond that three formidable hills.
Storming the citadel was like storming an ancient battlement defend-
ed by modern bombers. Only two or three men could scale it at any
possible point of approach not swept by machine-gun fire. The French
joined with the 78th in the first attempt on the hills, and both Allies

550 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

had to fall back after they had gained a footing. But, finally, the
78th got the hills and the citadel. It did not have such good fortune
against the Loges Wood, where it persisted in five days of unbroken
effort under baffling interlocking machine-gun fire at every point.
Then, although the corps commander ordered a halt, the men wanted
to go on. They might be beaten back out of the Loges, but they did
not want any order that they were to make no further effort for
it. They could well afford to wait on the great attack which was
originally set for October 28, only to be postponed by the High Com-
mand until November i.

Verdun Front

Written by Wm. F. Marquardt of Storm Lake, a private in Com-
pany A, One Hundred Second Regiment, Twenty-sixth Division.

October 22d we moved into the city of Verdun in support of the
One Hundred First Regiment, who were in the first line. We were
billeted in the ruined buildings of the city and were under continual
shell fire. Verdun was entirely in ruins. I do not believe there was
a building there which had not been hit. We moved October 27th
onto the front about ten miles north of Verdun into an old line of
trenches. At 6 a.m. on the 29th, A, B, C, and D companies attacked
a hill about three-fourths of a mile in front of us where a German
trench was located. We made the top of the hill, but were forced to
go back to our trench becavise of machine gun fire. About 4 p.m.
we attacked again, and in a fight of an hour and a half again reached
the top of the hill, this time being able to hold it. We captured a
few prisoners and a few machine guns. Out of 200 in our company
only 38 were left.

This was the last hill necessary to be taken to get the fighting
into open country in this part of the line. I saw twelve French tanks
at one side waiting to go in as soon as we captured the hill and re-
moved that source of fire. The hill was too rough for the tanks to
move over it.

Before breakfast, on the morning of the 30th, we were relieved and
sent a short way back. Here we dug holes to drop into and I laid
there all of the 30th and until the evening of the 31st, when a mustard
gas shell alighted too close. Some of it went to my lungs, while mv
body was even more affected. These burns from this gas kept me in
the hospital three months. This covers the action in which George
H. Martz, Company I, One Hundred Second Regiment, was killed
October 28th.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 551

'Aiding Communication

In the following, Glenn H. Doty of Newell, a member of the Three
Hundred Seventh Field Signal Battalion, Eighty-second Division,
tells :

About September 20th, our signal battalion left the St. Mihiel sec-
tor, traveling in trucks to the woods in the rear of Clermont-en-Ar-
gonne. After staying there about a week we moved to the town of
Varennes to help the One Flundred Third Field Signal Battalion of
the Twenty-eighth Division. The rest of the Eighty-second Divis-
ion was in the woods that we had left. The signal corps always goes
right into a sector in advance of the rest of the division, then they
are acquainted with the telephone lines and stations when the divis-
ion takes over the sector. Varennes had been in the hands of the
enemy until the Twenty-eighth Division drove them out. The town
was built upon a hill, from which one could see for miles in every di-
rection.

At this time the enemy was at Apremont, putting up a stiff resist-
ance. The next morning, with the aid of the light tanks and artil-
lery, we took and held the town. A part of the Three Hundred
Seventh Engineers, Eighty-second Division, was in this fight.

At Apremont 'we helped straighten out the tangle of telephone
wires. The men following the infantry do not have time to put up
these wires as they should be. Almost all of the wires were lying on
the ground and in the streets, where trucks and wagons could run
over them. We were here about three days until our battalion head-
quarters were moved to La Forge farm. It was here that our bat-
talion took over all the signal corps work in that sector.

The next day I was put into a detail that took over an advance
station at Apremont. The Germans must have left in a hurry, for
there were all kinds of German helmets, packs, pistols, and belts lying
around.

We established the station in a dugout and started to straighten
that awful tangle of wires. Our work here was the same as at
Varennes. In one place a tank had run into a shell hole and carried
all of the telephone wires with it. After a while we moved to Cornay.
By this time our whole division was in the lines.' They had a tough
fight before they succeeded in taking this town. It looked the
part, too. Guns and all kinds of equipment were lying around. The
Germans were kind enough to have a well-stocked commissary and
we lived high while we were at Cornay. Our station was used as a
relay station. The object of a relay station is to shorten the length
of lines that one detail of men are to maintain. Cornay is about half
way between the towns of Chatel and Fleville, which are about six

552 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

kilos apart. It is almost impossible for a few men to keep up all of
the lines for that distance. We had a small switchboard at this
station. It is the duty of the switchboard operator to test out
the lines every fifteen minutes. If a line was out, two men would be
sent out to repair it — if one man did not get through the other prob-
abl}' would. If there was no shelling only one man would be sent.

When the Germans were in this town they had put a heavy gun in
one of the houses and fired it through a window. When the Ameri-
cans took the town they captured this gun. The Yanks reversed it,
pointed it out the opposite window and gave the Germans a taste of
German shells fired from a German gun.

After five or six days here we moved to an old chateau. I believe
it was called Cheherry farm. This time I was put in the wire-cart
detail. These carts, with two spools of wire upon them, are drawn
by two horses. The wire can be unwound as fast as a horse can
walk; and it is tied to trees, poles, or buildings by the two linemen
that are with each cart, which is more rapid than unwinding it by
hand.

I worked with the wire carts and then was sent to division head-
([uarters to help repair telephones which, while used as test sets, be-
came covered with mud and water. They would be useless until
they had been cleaned and dried. Between mud, rain, and breakage,
it kept two men busy repairing telephones. This was too easy to
last long. On October 17th I was sent as a switchboard operator to
a relay station located near Sommerance, about a mile from our lines.
It was a hot place for sure, with the Germans shelling the place day
and night. All went well until the afternoon of October 20th. Our
company commander, Captain Busch of Sioux City, came to our sta-
tion with a detail of men who were stringing a new line from a sta-
tion on our right to brigade headciuarters. It was about 3 o'clock
when they stopped to cut the new line through our switchboard.
The captain had cut the line in and received the "O.K." when some-
thing real happened. I can remember seeing a bright red flash and
hearing the report of the shell ; then ever3'thing was black. During
the fraction of a second I had time to think: "Am I hit?" and "Will
I get through all right?" Upon regaining consciousness I found
that an eight-inch shell had hit the corner of the building directly
above the switchboard and about ten feet from where I had been sit-
ting. Not a thing was left of the switchboard or the wires running
into it. The captain and a number of others had been struck with
pieces of the shell. I had been hit in the face but did not know at
that time that the shrapnel had entered at my left eye and was lodged
in the roof of my mouth. Of course, my main thought was to get to
a dressing-station. A stretcher-bearer directed me. My eye was
dressed and I was put in a dugout. That night I was taken to Evac-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISJ" \ COUNTY 553

nation Hospital No. 10, where I was operated upon. That was the
end of my signal corps work, and also the end of the war as far as I
was concerned. My only regret is that I went through this engage-
ment and did not get a shot at a German. A signal corps man is a
non-combatant.

In the Champaign

Chris S. Jorgusen writes:

In the Champaign we started early in the morning of October
3d. Our company was right in the front line. We had advanced
.only a short distance when the enemy opened fire on us and began
throwing hand grenades. They should not have started such tac-
tics, for I am sure that not a man of them could have gotten out alive
from our return fire.

We kept on advancing, taking everything before us ; if they would-
n't meet us with their hands in the air they went to another world.
We advanced until some time that afternoon, when we took a posi-
tion in the enemy's trenches. Then we were called back and took po-
sition in reserve. During the whole week that we remained here
the enemy was putting shells over constantly day and night, the shells
following us until we got clear out of their range. According to
my opinion, the Champagne battle was as fierce as Soissons and the
Argonne, and compared with St. Mihiel. But I would like to see a
place that the Second Division could not go through.

The Argonne

Written by Aage G. Eskildsen, Company C, Three Hundred Fifty-
seventh Infantry, Ninetieth Division.

On September 27th, we went back to rest camp for four or five days
and got the first clean clothes we had had since we began fighting. On
October loth we started at 10 p.m. for a march of twenty miles, to
arrive at Martincourt at 7 a.m. of the nth. After a rest through the
day, and dinner, orders were given to start on another march of twen-
ty miles to a large timbered tract near a French rest camp, but French
soldiers were there first, so our captain took us out to the wood and
told us to roll in. It was pouring down rain as it always is; and the
mud was almost a foot deep — and there was our bed — just roll up
in a blanket, still in our wet clothes. With rain coming down from
above and h'ing in mud we slept a good, sound, peaceful sleep and
never dreamed sweeter dreams at home in a bed. They let us sleep
until 6, or until we were so cold we awoke. At noon we started to
hike twelve miles to a village further on, where we slept that night in

554 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

a hay-loft of a barn over the cows, but that old hay was like a feather
tick to us.

At 4 o'clock, October 13th, we were called to find our breakfast in
the dark — no lights allowed. By 8 o'clock we were ready to start
in big- trucks for the Verdun front, a distance of eighty miles, riding
with as many crowded in the truck as possible. After riding all day
Sunday we dismounted from the trucks to hike until 2 a.m. when we
reached a small camp at which we remained until the 21st. Then we
were sent out to support a position ; on the 22d we went up within six
miles of the front. All the time from the 13th until now there was
talk of peace. On October 23d we again went over the top and in
this drive the captain and several of the privates were gassed. When
we again went over the top on the 24th, and just as we stopped to dig
ourselves in, shrapnel fell behind me and a piece entering my right
shoulder made a gash about six inches long. Some of my comrades
helped me to a shell hole and after two hours I was able to walk to
the first-aid station. All the time I was in the several hospitals I had
as good care as I could want.

Commends Fifth Army Corps

Under date of October 26, 1918, Major General Charles P. Summer-
all, writing from headquarters of the Fifth Army Corps, compliment-
ed the Eighty-fourth Infantry Brigade, consisting of the One Hun-
dred Sixty-seventh and the One Hundred Sixty-eighth regiments, as
follows :

This brigade, under the command of Brigadier General Douglas
MaCx'Yrthur, has manifested the highest soldierly qualities and has
rendered services of the greatest value during the present operations.
With a dash, courage, and a fighting spirit worthy of the best tradi-
tions of the American army, this brigade carried by assault the strong-
ly fortified Hill 288 on the Kriemhilde Stellung and unceasingly
pressed its advance until it had captured the Tuilerie Ferme and the
Bois de Chatillon, thus placing itself at least a kilometer beyond the
enemy's strong line of resistance. During this advance the enemy
fought with unusual determination with a first class division and in
many cases resorted to hand to hand fighting when our troops ap-
proached his rear. The conduct of this brigade has reflected honor
upon the division, the army and the states from which the regiments
came.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 555

America's Greatest Battle

Part III of Frederick Palmer's account of the Meuse-Argonne
offensive in Collier's Weekly.

In those decisive months of September and October General Petain
was calling- for our divisions with the French; and Marshal Haig
was calling for them with the British. General Mangin, who had
had our ist and 2d Divisions in his drive toward Soissons in July
and the 32d at Juvigny in August, said that if we could not send him
a division he would welcome a regiment, as the very presence of
American troops in his command had a vitalizing efifect on his troops.

Meanwhile we needed every one of our divisions for the Argonne
offensive. It was for Marshal Foch, as supreme commander, to
decide whether or not some of them were even more needed elsewhere,
in the development of his strategy which seemed to take into consider-
ation the value of our vigorous rushes in breaking through old front-
line positions. Even the facility of his rapid combination, which were
hard on shoe leather and rolling stock, could not have a division in
two places at once; but at times it seemed to some of the soldiers as
if the High Command were trying to achieve that impossibility. As
we came from a country of great distances, the marshal apparently
thought that we liked to travel. Movements which were then neces-
sarily shrouded in the strictest secrecy, in order to safeguard our aim
of surprising the Germans with sudden blows, are now revealed as
the processes of a masterly plan.

GETTING INTO THE OPEN

Consider the sequence of events in conquering the trench systems.
On September 26 we had attacked in the Meuse-Argonne in conjunc-
tion with the Fourth French Army west of the Argonne Forest. On
September 29 the British went against the Hindenburg Line to
clean up the last of the old front line in their sector, and on October
2d the French attacked to clean up the last of it in the neighborhood
of Rheims. The Germans resisted these operations strongly and
with a certain success at the outset, which, taken in connection with
the slowing down of our First Army's and the Fourth French Army's
offensive, it is said, encouraged Ludendorff in the belief that German
tactics were still supreme and that he could successfully withdraw
his army; but all he had was a little breathing spell. Each of these
actions which finally freed the Allied armies from the shackles of the
trenches for mobile operations, and committed the Germans to open
warfare, influenced the others. In the first we played the major
part; in the other two our detached divisions played a part which I

556 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

should like to describe at length, and which I may mention because of
their relations to the Argonne battle.

Of the ten divisions assigned to the British army after it fought
with its back to the wall against the March and April offensive, Mar-
shal Foch had withdrawn all but two for the defense of Paris and
the counteroffensives of the Chateau-Thierry operations, and then
passed them on, according to plan, to our own army. On September
26 these two, O'Ryan's 27th, New York National Guard, and Lewis's
30th, or Old Hickory Division of the National Guard from our South-
ern mountain States, forming our Second Corps, under Major Gener-
al George W. Read, attacked the Hindenburg Line at one of its
strongest points where the Saint-Quentin Canal runs in a tunnel
through a ridge. The 30th, with the easier going of the two, won all
its objectives handily; the 27th, against positions which were impreg-
nable by every rule of natural and artificial defenses, with its flank
exposed, its communications cut by shell fire, fought a battle of com-
pany, platoon, squad, and individual heroism which was an immortal
tribute to its manhood ; and the Australians, with a gallantry in keep-
ing with their record, finished a task which our men could not com-
plete.

VETERANS AND TRNDERFEET

Our 2d Division, one of our two "best" veteran divisions, attacked
on October 2 east of Rheims against the famous and infamous Cham-
pagne defenses. It was a wonderful action of the same order as the
1st Division's drive of the wedge across the heights of the Aire in
the critical juncture of the Argonne battle. With the same veteran
precision as the ist the men of the 2d kept their formations; with the
same spirit they "drove through."

When the operation was finished the Germans had fired their last
shot -into Rheims. The 2d was relieved by the 36th, Smith's hardy
and stalwart National Guard of Texas and Oklahoma, which had
never heard a hostile shot fired until its line was subjected to a sudden
tornado of a prolonged German bombardment of the kind which mili-
tary sagacity had been wont to prepare troops by gradual stages of
"fire endurance." The men of the 36th were in the open; they had
to "dig in." But they dug in where they were, not to the rear. They
were not demoralized, though it took a little time for them to reor-
ganize for an effective attack, and there was no thought of anything
except attack, in answer to that outburst which the Germans, in their
spleen, doubtless enjoyed visiting upon a new division.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 557

"what are they there for, anyway?"

What a contrast between these two divisions ! The 2d, with all its
equipment complete, all its veteran units, artillery, machine gunners,
trench mortars, and hospitals, working s}^stematically, crowning its
achievements with one of singular skill ! The 36th, tenderfeet on the
front, with incomplete equipment, depending on alien artillery, al-
together inexperienced but stoically meeting the test which was sup-
posed to throw fresh troops into a panic !

Afterward the 36th hurried along with the French pursuing the
Germans to the Aisne ; for by the middle of October the German army
from the Argonne Forest to the sea was feeling the Allied tidal wave
in full flood and its operations were those of rear-guard action, which
was persistently resourceful in the use of machine guns and artillery.
From the Argonne to the Meuse, where our First Army was fighting
for the Kriemhilde Stellung, as I wrote in my second article, Luden-
dorfl: had no less reason for desperate resistance now than before to
keep us from closing the door of his retreat; while across the Meuse
back of Verdun, he had all the more reason for tenacity. I have
described how the Argonne battle was a fight for the whaleback of
heights with the Aire River forming a trough on one side and the
Meuse River on the other; and how on the Meuse side the German
artillery from the heights on the other side of the river played upon
our Third Corps on one flank while that from the heights of the
whaleback played upon the other. Until those heights across the
Meuse were mastered the Argonne operation itself was in jeopardy;
and the Seventeenth French Corps across the river wanted American
divisions for the task. These included Bell's 33d Division of Nation-
al Guardsmen on our extreme right.

The Illinois men of the 33d were not only good soldiers but thrifty
ones. On the first day of the Argonne they had captured eighteen
guns (or cannon, as some people still call them), a narrow-guage
railway, and 1,450 prisoners, with a loss of only thirty-six killed and
207 wounded and no missing. No farther advance was expected of
them as a part of our army. They were in a picturesque position
beyond Le Mort Homme or Dead Man's Hill, where the French and
Germans had struggled in the Verdun battle days, and they were
patrolling the river bank to keep any German counter-attack from
crossing. Without even telling the Third Corps staff about it, they
had built their own road over the shell craters of Le Mort Homme,
which made them perfectly independent and snug on their job.

On October 4 they were transferred back to the Seventeenth French
Corps, which meant that they were to cross the Meuse as soon as the
French had cleared the bank opposite them to give them a footing.

558 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

On the heights across the river the Germans had plenty of artillery
to bring to bear at any point they chose along the river on the 33d's
front. It is a mystery to me still how the 33d's men spanned the
Meuse with such slight losses. I think that it was because they ap-
proached the task as part of the day's work. They had together the
material for their bridges at Brabant and Consenvoye in sight of the
Germans, and had to build them under unceasing shell fire while they
wore their gas masks. That at Consenvoye took five and a half hours
and according to the report there were ninety shells a minute falling.
I did not envy the work of the man who had to do the counting.

Both bridges were up on time, and the infantry under cover of the
Forges Wood waited for the French to give the cue. In the middle
of the morning, under full observation, while the 33d's artillery was
raining shells on the other bank to cover their crossing, they started
over the bridge. By nightfall one regiment was on the other bank
and digging in on the southern side of the Chaumes Wood.

The next thing was to go for the heights, which brings us to as bit-
ter, savage fighting as any in the Meuse-Argonne offensive, involving
three other American divisions in a battle which was a battle by itself,
fought on the edge of the old Verdun battle field in the cold autumn
rains under conditions such as the French endured in 1916. It was
more thankless for these divisions than being in the Argonne. They
did not have the center of the stage. If they succeeded, their opera-
tions would be considered subsidiary to that of our niain army. If
they failed, then their comrades in the Argonne battle would be say-
ing: "Why the devil don't those fellows clear out the artillery that
is shooting us in the back? What are they there for anyway?" For
that is the way divisions think of their neighbors in the press of battle
when they see only their own troubles, without considering that other
divisions may have even worse troubles than they.

The Germans had still another reason for holding this system of
heights than having a vantage point for pounding our advance on the
heights of the whaleback. It vitally concerned their second line of
defense, where they were supposed to make their stand on a shorter
line in Ludendorft''s reported plan. \\'ith the hills of the Meuse and
the hills around Verdun lost, the plain of the Woevre was completely
open: the American army would begin its spring campaign of 1919
on German soil.

Thus the positions on the east bank of the Meuse were the rivets
in the flange of the hinge of the door. With them taken, we had not
merely swung the door open; we had burst it open. The Germans
were defending positions whose character they knew as you may nev-
er know it from map studies — through feeing out every square yard
of it in the Verdun battle. At their backs were all their tried gun

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 559

positions, all the barrack buildings for quarters, all the roads which
were prepared for the assembly of material for the gigantic Verdun
offensive.

MARSHAL FOCH, DIRECTOR

At our backs was the wreckage of village and broken roads which
would have to be rebuilt through No Man's Land; and the ground
was against us at every turn of our advance. Any attempt to clear
those heights of German observers, who mapped our movements on
the west bank of the Meuse to artillery securely out of reach of our
guns, was an assignment of the kind that has built many new ceme-
teries on the battle fields of the western front. Yet the effort was
obviously necessary. No one could criticize the wisdom of the French
plan. Succeed or fail, the effort must be made; and there could not
be complete failure. Every shell fired on the east bank of the Meuse
was drawing one from the west bank. Every German killed or
wounded or exhausted was one kept out of the Argonne battle, and
of all the actions Marshal Foch was director.

Morton's 29th Division, "Blue and Gray," National Guard from
New Jersey, which had come from the quiet sector of the Vosges,
where a few shells daily broke the monotony in deep trenches, came,
as the other new divisions had come, in these months of September
and October, to endure such a mortal test as that of the Etrayes, the
Plat du Chene, Belleu, and Ormont Woods. The Jersey men were on
the scene of one of the greatest battles of all time. They were compan-
ions of Frenchmen who had been in that battle; while their own
countrymen across the river were calling them to do their utmost.

They were expected on that first day of October 8 to carry the
great Malbrouck Hill, to go through to MoUeville Farm, and this
they did. They were expected, too, to take the Grand Montague
Ridge and the Etrayes Ridge, which in one drive would have given
them the German positions which harassed us on the other side of the
river, and this they could not do.

Through ravines and woods, up the slopes and down again, the 29th
gained three miles after an attack which was made without any artil-
lery preparation, in order that it should be a surprise — as it was, in
that the German guns did not become active for twenty minutes. By
this time they had a full realization of the danger that threatened
their positions.

The next day the 33d, with its left on the river bank, got through
the Chaumes Wood, but its right extended into that region of woods
and ravines where the Germans were prepared for desperate resist-
ance against the 29th. French and Americans had met the kind of
opposition which for four years had kept the line of the western front
unbroken. They had to form up their fine of resistance, bring in

56o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

patrols which were too far forward, and then attack, and attack and
attack, and defend themselves from counter-attacks for days and
weeks. The Austrians and other weaker troops against them were
now replaced by Prussians and Wurttembergers, who had the con-
fidence of their strong defenses and a sentimental feeling that they
would not 3deld ground which had been theirs throughout the battle
of Verdun.

TURNING THE KEY

Our movement here was much like that in the main battle, a swing
in from the river bank toward the high ground, fighting from the
trough of fire of the roads, under full observation of the enemy artil-
lery, uphill at every point in tortuous ground. Death Valley is a
memory that will never be efifaced in the mind of any man who ever
had to run its gamut of gas and shells.

Working in a bowl as we were, our line was necessarily in a dis-
advantageous semicircle looking up to the rim. On the northern
rim, the left, the side toward the river, the forest heights of Mon-
tague and Etrayes surmounted the rim, with the Pylon Observatory the
supreme goal ; and on the other side, toward the plain of the Woevre,
covering the road in this direction, was the Haumont Wood; and then,
farther up, the commanding little Ormont Wood; and beyond that, on
the other side of the road, just where the road passed over the ridge
was the Belleu Wood. They were key woods — Ormont and Belleu.
With both taken, you looked out on the valley of Damvillers, and you
had the Montagne-Etrayes positions in flank. The hills on the other
side of the valley of Damvillers were the last barrier to the open
sweep of the great plain to German soil.

There was no describing the defenses as first, second, third, and
fourth lines. They were continuous, beginning at the edge of a
wood and at the bottom of a slope and utilizing every thicket, every
twist of a ravine all the way to the crests. Concrete pill boxes and
trenches roofed with logs, which the Germans had built in other days,
were used as the strong points in linking up the system of machine-
gun emplacements in open warfare. Each vantage point had been
carefully studied in its relations to all others in full knowledge of how
limited was our area of effort. Any tactical surprise was out of the
question except through unexpected vigor of attack.

Of course the way to get Ormont Wood was to encircle it ; and the
29th gained a foothold in the edge of it and was part way around it
when the Germans answered our success by counter-attacks which had
the ardor of the early days of the war. The 29th counter-attacked
in turn and held some of the gains — held them in precarious fox
holes in the midst of brush and seeping earth where to raise the head

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 561

was to receive a spray of machine-gun fire. In another effort we
reached the Grande Montagne Wood and once more were in MoUe-
ville Farm, but the interlocking fire from the ridges left the balance
against us. The thing was either to "go through" or else not to put
yourself in a position where the enemy simply wore you down.

ACCORDING TO TRADITION

On October 27 Edward's 26th, the Yankee Division of New Eng-
land's National Guard, came in to relieve a French division. General
Edwards, who had been exhausted by his long service, had to yield
command on the 24th to General Bamford. The 26th was as veteran
as the 32d and 42d. From the time it had had its first trench ser-
vice in the Chemin des Dames on through the ghastly Toul sector,
through the operations of Chateau-Thierry, and finally in its swift
march cutting the Saint-Mihiel salient, it had had all the varied ser-
vice that could fall to any division, and now it was to finish its career
in France with an experience which drew on the character associated
with New England's "stern and rock-bound coast" traditions to the
full.

Its veteran artillery joined the veteran artillery of the French in a
preparation for an attack on the morning of the 23d which gave the
ofifensive in the battle something approaching the gun power of the
defensive. How the men would have welcomed a straight-on drive
on a clean frontal line instead of this irregular front of ravines, hills,
cups, and woods with its baffling intricacy! The 26th gained its ob-
jective in the Molleville Farm and converged on the Etrayes Ridge
as its part in the operation with the 29th on its right; and a second
battalion, leapfrogging the attacking battalion, went through the im-
important little Belleu Wood which commanded the valley beyond.
This was a dagger thrust into the very heart of the German defenses.
That night the German guns from all directions turned on high ex-
plosives, shrapnel, and gas on this small area, where not a square
yard was uncovered by the hail of death. Then there was a mis-
understanding of orders, it is said; at least, the men, many of them
protesting, were withdrawn.

The 26th was not discouraged. Its temper was up now. With all
its strength, freshened by its rest before going into line, it forced the
fighting all day and all night of the 24th, while the German artillery
raged with increased fury. Again the 26th penetrated the Belleu
Wood — and held there against three enemy counter-attacks, each
coming on with fresh reserves, and finally, while the enemy was pound-
ing all the roads and laying barrages against our reserves, the New
Englanders, outnumbered, gassed, and exhausted, had to yield the

562 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

five hundred yards which they had won to a fourth counter-attack. It
was bitter hard luck.

THROUGH DEATH VALLEY

A night of re-forming in the ravines where cover could be found;
another call for the artillery to clear the way, and not waiting for
dawn this time, but in the dead of night at 2:30 a.m., while the light
of the bursting shells flashed, the figures of friend and foe in rehef —
out of the darkness the men of the 26th again won possession of a
large part of the wood, though not that on the crest of the ridge. On
the afternoon of the same day, still forcing the issue, they tried for
the wooded bastion of Ormont. They were met with blasts from the
artillery and trench mortars and enfilading machine-gun fire, and,
taking profit from what they had learned, they re-attacked the next
day and gained the Ormont summit, but it was not in human flesh to
retain it in face of the reception which they received. Two days'
"rest" followed — rest in the midst of gassed woods under machine-
gun fire and in the troughs of fire. Then they tried again and made
their footing stronger in the Belleu, but they could not take Ormont.
The Germans could not afford to yield the mastery of those two key
positions, Ormont and Belleu.

On the night of the 28th-30th the 29th Division, with the faces of
the men as gray from fatigue as the reeking moist fresh shell craters
by the roadside marched down the trough of Death Valley for the
last time, and in their place had come the men of Kuhn's 79th Divis-
ion, which had had its baptism of fire breaking the first Hne in the Ar-
gonne battle. The persistent work of the 26th, 29th, and 33d on the
east bank of the Meuse was having the same effect as that of the
divisions in the main battle — of breaking the enemy's will. Fresh-
ened by its rest, having digested its lessons of the Argonne, the 79th
came into the arena at the time when we were making the final rush
in the Meuse-Argonne battle. East or west of the Meuse, we were
on the slooes of the last of the heights. Much was expected of the
79th, and it was to do much. When it took over the treacherous line
of the Molleville Farm sector it brought against the German posi-
tions of the Montagne and Etrayes Forests the same energy that the
29th had shown in its first advance. When it had cleared the wooded
valley of the Damvillers road it was before that high, bald knob, the
Borne de Cornevillers, which the soldiers called "Cold Corned Willie."
The approach to the crest was over a smooth rise against trenches,
with machine-gun nests in the woods sweeping across the line of
advance. In three days of repeated bull-hearted attacks the men of
the 79th stuck to their mission until they had cleared the woods of

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 563

machine guns and taken the Borne, whence they looked down on the
valley of the Meuse, as the German observers had, and along the
roads and open spaces clear to the Roniagne positions; and they un-
derstood now why we wanted these heights. ♦

THE FINAL GRAND ATTACK

When the 79th now faced around toward the other side of the rim,
taking over some of the front of the 26th, which side-slipped and was
still undaunted, the scales balanced in our favor, as the Germans were
in retreat on our main battle ground. Sending its fresh men into
the fox holes, which the 26th had dug in the Belleu Wood, the 79th
turned all the wrath of its artillery upon the other edge of the woods
and the crest. We gained and held the crest in a final charge, and
the Pylon Observatory was ours too, as we looked down on the valley
of our desire as the next stage of progress.

Now we turn to the final grand attack in the main battle. Our
gunners had a glitter in their eyes on the morning of November i.
This time we had something like enough guns. New guns were ar-
riving throughout the battle. From every source we had drawn on
our reserves. Our corps and army artillery had a force in keeping
with their high-sounding importance; and they had learned their
parts in the scheme of the shower of projectiles in a great offensive
which General Hinds, the chief of artillery, had planned. Admiral
Plunkett had his long-range naval guns in position; and his blue-
jackets wanted to use them at point blank lest the navy should not be
really at the front when it engaged in land warfare. The artillery
of divisions whose infantry was recuperating had been kept in line.
And all were glad to be in the line when there was to be a big party,
which meant no piecemeal attack, but that all the guns along the
whole line would be roaring.

"old HANDS TO PULL YOU THROUGH"

The barrages, which are what his shield was to the soldier of old,
were to march ahead of our men with a prodigal hail, and the other
guns of all calibers, with their different missions, were to pound the
enemy's battery positions, his machine-gun nests, his new trenches,
and all the points where he might have lightning in store to destroy
the infantry. It is the soldier, the infantryman, the doughboy, who
has the most appeal of course ; but a part of that appeal, blended with
the affection and the awe we feel for him, is the joyful satisfaction of
walking miles with guns on every hand, all firing shells to make a
bridge for the man who takes the ground away from the enemy. I
felt on the day before the attack, as I moved about the army, that all

564 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

the effort, all the discipline, all the irritations, all the determination
against all manner of obstacles, from the base ports to the front line,
had come into being in an organization which had found itself in
the crudest, most monstrous and exacting game that a mad world
had ever staged. November i was a bright day in the Argonne re-
gion, fit for the triumph which it was to bring. How you thrilled
when, after our infantry advanced under its thunderous protection,
there came no great reponsive chorus from the enemy's guns! It
was the thrill of the hope that the end of the war might be near.

The plan of the attack was to pass the center of gravity to Dick-
man's First Corps on the left. In close reserve behind the 2d, the
left division of Summerall's Fifth, the center corps, was the ist Divis-
ion with its gaps refilled, ready for another great effort, and behind
the 80th the right division of the First Corps, was the 42d or Rain-
bow, rested after breaking the Romagne positions. The message of
the veteran ist to the veteran 2d was the same as that of the 42d to
the 80th: "If you get in trouble, here are some old hands to pull you
through, and to follow through, too!" Think of the 2d, which was
"the best" division in the army, being told that the other "best" di-
vision in the army had any such thoughts in mind. For once we had
the enemy going we meant to have enough fresh troops in hand to
keep him on the move. This was one reason why we had taken time
to prepare for the final rush.

Alexander's 77th, which had had a rest after the Argonne Forest,
was in line again. There was no doubting the spirit of the 77th. And
beyond the Forest of Argonne, to the north, was the great Forest of
Bourgogne, which might have been a part of it, being of the same
nature, if the gap of Grand Pre had not separated the two.

THE STUFF THAT WINS

We did not try a frontal attack on the Bourgogne as we had on the
Argonne. The French were to squeeze it on the west side and we
were to sc|ueeze it on the east and by way of making the process
easier we soaked it with Yperite gas. On the left of the First Corps
was McRae's 78th, the Lightning Division men whom we had seen
keeping their discipline, their grit, and still singing the song — warn-
ing the Hun to keep down his head if he did not want to join "his
father in the old fatherland" — which I heard them singing when I
saw them going into the trenches for the first time on the Amiens-
Albert road, in their storming of the "citadel" of Grand Pre and
their efforts to take Loges Wood the men of the 78th had shown that
they had the stuff that "keeps coming on" — the stuff that wins
wars. They had thoroughly "Yperited" the Loges Wood on the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 565

morning of November i, but the Yperite did not silence the German
machine gunners there or in the Bourgogne Forest.

If it had, the 77th might have taken the Champigneulle sooner,
and the First Corps, which had the hardest task and hardest fighting
on November i, would have gone farther. Probably the German
staff recognized the danger, for to the last the German stafif was
masterly as the devil himself in its tactical direction of its troops,
which still had the spirit to fight well. Be that as it may, the 78th
got forward in the Bourgogne, and the 80th kept going, and the
next day the Germans had retired from the Loges Wood, as well they
might, considering what our center, the Fifth Corps, was doing. On
November 2 we had the word that everywhere the First Corps had
broken the enemy's resistance and struck its stride as a further item
of the good news that thrilled us clear into our marrows.

In the Fifth Corps was Wood's old division, the 89th, which Wright,
a man who faced the enemy "all four-square," commanded, and the
2d, rejuvenated after taking Blanc Mont in helping the French to
disengage Rheims. Summerall had said that he would "go through"
if he had a bridge of shells, and kept his word, as well as he might
with two such divisions as the 89th and the 2d. Without any halts,
as in a maneuver, the 2d and 89th advanced under the curtains of
protecting fire while grovips of prisoners filtered back l^ehind the
movement. Our artillery had done a fine piece of mowing; our in-
fantry was doing a fine piece of gleaning. The Fifth Corps had
made the bulge required, and rather kept the center of gravity to
itself. The men of the 2d might not have understood what was
meant by the center of gravity in a tactical plan, but with the ist
tagging their heels waiting for a chance to "chip" in, they were not
inclined to allow a center of gravity or anything else get away from
them.

For neighbor on his right Summerall had Hines, with the Third
Corps. Hines, who also trained in the school of the ist, had suc-
ceeded Bullard when Bullard was promoted to command the Second
Army, and Liggett to command the First Army; and he was worthy
to be Summerall's neighbor. He had as his National Army division
the excellent 90th, worthy companion of the 89th, under "Hal" Allen.
Although Allen's mustache is white now, he is as young in heart as
he was on the polo fields twenty years ago. I want to add that the
90th, which had come into line on October 23, had taken Bantheville,
and that the 89th, too, in the preliminary operations for the final at-
tack, had gained most important positions — both divisions now being
classed as veteran.

With the 90th in the Third Corps was the 5th, which had now be-
come regular in the full sense. The Meuse bends westward, and the
Third was tilting toward the Meuse. It gained all its objectives on

566 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

schedule on that first day, working swiftly and efficiently, under well-
timed artillery fire and a curtain of machine-gun bullets.

On the morning of November 2 the German communique announced,
for the first time in four years and more of its literary propagan-
da for the German people and the world, that the German line had
been broken ; and on that day our whole line made another spring for-
ward on schedule time. The whaleback was ours. We looked down
on the valley of the Meuse, winding toward Sedan. The survivors
of the step-by-step advance in the Argonne had only to stretch their
legs now. Motor trucks followed the infantry over unharmed roads
hurrying up supplies. Other motor trucks brought the reserves.
Civil population in villages, uninjured except by a few shells, wel-
comed us. It was a march against a little artillery fire and some
machine gun fire, while we gathered in the stragglers of many brok-
en German divisions.

CROSSING THE MEUSE CANAL

Our movement was now becoming fan-shaped, with our rushing
divisions on our left spreading out into the sector of the French
Fourth Army, and the divisions on our right gradually forming their
front on the bank of the curving Meuse. Of course the 5th, on the
extreme right, was the first in position for a crossing. It had to
pass over the Meuse Canal after it had passed over the river. By i
a.m. of the 3d a patrol was across the JNIeuse, but was checked at the
canal by machine guns, which also stopped some engineers who were
trying to build a footbridge at dawn. At dark that night engineers
had a footbridge over the river, but the artillery joined in Avith the
machine guns and forced them to dig in on the bank of the canal.
Flovvever, the evening was yet young. Two footbridges were put
over the canal before morning, but when small columns tried to rush
across all their efforts were swept back by well-directed blasts.

At nine-thirty the next morning the army sent word that the cross-
ing must be effected, as the whole movement of the army depended
upon it. Therefore, it was not in order to wait on darkness. We must
get to work immediately. We should try many points, and at some
points we were bound to succeed. At Clery-le-Petit we started to
make a bridge of pontoons, but the pontoons were smashed by shells
as fast as they were put in the water; and, although the bridge was
made, there was no crossing it against the hurricane of fire. A little
later two battalions, attacking bv surprise without artillery prepara-
tion, gained a crossing at Brieulles, and about the same time another
battalion, the men using improvised rafts, or duckboards, poles, and
ropes, and swimming, slipped over into the Chatillon Woods. As

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 567

all the men were wet to the skin and the night was cold, action was
the only means of keeping warm, and before morning they had clean-
ed up the woods. The next thing was to master the town of Dun-
sur-Meuse. "Take the shelling and the machine-gun fire," was the
divisional command. "Go through Dun and then go east. Push
things along." By midday of November 5 Dun was taken. The
German was being given no time to rest ; and the next day the men
of the 5th advanced four miles among the heights on the other side
of the Meuse.

The enterprise of the 5th had forewarned the Germans what they
might expect from the 90th, which had farther to go than the 5th,
and had some bad ground to clean up on the way. Meanwhile a
regiment of the 32d had come in between the 90th and the 5th; so
the "Arrows" were not out of the pursuit.

MOUTH-WATERING HOUNDS

The Germans on the bank opposite the 90th were intrenching, and
while dropping gas shells on our bank their artillery was as quick as
their machine gunners to concentrate their fire on our attempts at
crossing. The 90th went through much the same experience as the
5th. The Texans were not in a mood to be stopped by a river now that
they had tasted pursuit, and after stifif fighting they took the town of
Stenay on the other side on the loth and extended their advance to the
hills beyond.

Wright's 89th, of the Fifth Corps, in the center, was keeping up
with the 90th, and it found, as the 90th and as the 2d, on its left, had
found, that the Germans were continuing to cover all the approaches
to the river with machine-gun and artillery fire. It had been the
"race-horse" second which had captured the German officers at a card
game, and which in one of its night marches captured an officer in
the midst of his inspection of his machine-gun platoon preparatory
to making a strategic retreat. All the divisions were making night
marches, but the 2d had a particular reason for urgency on this score,
because there was the ist in reserve pressing up for a chance — yet,
it had the impudence to think that it might go through the 2d — to
relieve anybody in the front line that was tired — with all the mouth-
watering watchfulness of a hound waiting to pick up a bone if an-
other hound dropped it. When it was decided that the 80th, which
had been put in without svifficient time for recuperation after its ser-
vice in the Third Corps, should be given a little rest in reserve, the
1st, which had been thirty-six hours at a stretch on its feet, had its
ambition — as our first division to arrive in France to be in at the
finish — gratified. To every man of ours the sight of that valley

568 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY"

as he moved downhill after he had fought an uphill fight for six weeks,
was as the sight of water calling a thirsty man in the desert. The
little men from the tenements, in the 77th, New York's own Liberty
Division, kept forcing themselves along under their heavy packs, for
it is not the habit of Metropolitans to miss a parade. As the
first National Army division to arrive in France, they had just as
much right to be in at the finish as the ist — though, to tell the truth,
it was not sentiment which kept a division in or took one out, but the
tactical considerations of the moment. The 42d, pressing forward
for an opening with all the fervor of the ist, went through McRae's
"Jersey Lightnings" of the 78th — all honor to them and their com-
mander : they who had shown the endurance of porpoise hide after
their grueling attacks in the Grand Pre gap by making a fifteen-mile
advance fighting along the edges of the Bourgogne Wood.

"press the enemy"

As the 42d represented twenty-six States, it would not have paid
much attention, even if its orders had been dififerent, to army sectors
when it was in full cry after the enemy on the way to the River
Meuse. The report that the Rainbows had entered Sedan was due
to a misunderstanding by one who read the Rainbow's message on the
subject. They had entered Wadelincourt, a suburb on the other side
of the river from Sedan. The difference was that of mistaking Jersey
City for New York if the North River was about a sixth of its breadth.

The French took Sedan; and that was as it should be. There was
historical fitness in those veteran poilus, in their faded blue coats, be-
ing the first to enter that town where a French disaster due to a
travesty of imperial leadership had glorified the Hohenzollern and
his army which was now broken in retreat ; and it was equally fitting
too that the British veterans should take Mons, w'here Sir John
French's "contemptibles" had shown how bravely men could die
against overwhelming odds.

The 426. side-sHpped out of the French sector. On the night of
November 10 the 2d and the 89th Divisions accomplished their cross-
ing of the ]\Ieuse. The next morning we continued to advance along
our whole front on the other bank, while our Second Army in the
Saint-Mihiel sector made an attack which was part of plans already
made. As an army we had no orders yet except to press the enemy,
gaining every advantage we could. We had no official word that the
armistice would be signed. One of the most convincing reasons
which the Germans had for signing it — and many officers thought
that the Germans might not sign it, as they still had a large army in
being — was the events on the Meuse during the first ten days of
Nevember which gave us all the positions of the Meuse. On many

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 569

occasions German peace talk had had no object apparently except to
injure the morale of the Allied armies; and throughout the peace
discussions of October it was not the business of the soldiers to be in-
fluenced by it, but to go on fighting all the harder until the order to
cease firing came.

WHEN DREAMS COME TRUE

Until eleven o'clock on November 1 1 the German artillery was fir-
ing at some points where we were not attacking. Instantly the mess-
age that an armistice was signed came from Marshal Foch's head-
Cjuarters it was transmitted over the lines and operations were stop-
ped as fast as units could be informed. Some small parties, working
their way against machine-gun nests, could not be reached in time.
Individual soldiers who were creeping forward in woods and ravines
had to be warned in person before they stopped sniping at machine-
gun nests which they were encircling. The 79th Division had only
one more hill to take before it gained the great plain of the Woevre.
When one of the advanced units received the word that the war was
over a soldier exclaimed: "Hell! Aren't you going to let us take
the last hill and finish the job?" The New Englanders of the 26th
were fighting beside the 79th, adv^ancing steadily after their terrible
days in the battle for the heights on the east bank of the Meuse. Now
we had them all except that one hill.

Oh, the happiness of that day of the armistice to one who had been
four years with the war! The guns were silent — silent all the way
from Switzerland to the sea; the grindings of the mill of hell had
ceased. And the happiness of the succeeding days following our
troops to the Rhine and in seeing King Albert enter Brussels, the
British guarding the bridge at Cologne and the French in Alsace
— dreams come true at every turn of the road in every soldier's face
in every village ! But this is not an article of impressions.

ALL PROVED THEMSELVES

The Meuse-Argonne battle had been won. Our army, in the course
of the winning, had stretched its resources to the utmost. We had
only two fresh divisions in reserve, while the French had fourteen
and the British seven — which I mention to show that, although we
came into the war late, we were all in at the end. Six of our Nation-
al Army divisions participated in the final phase. All had proved
themselves. But whv think of the army in divisions when the gaps
in the ranks of divisions had been filled by strangers to the localities
from which they came? In order to have replacements we broke up
two National Army divisions — which was a heartbreaking thing to
do — and all the more so as the pressure on the lines of communica-

570 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

tion required that some of the battalions should be turned into labor
troops.

Our hospitals were full. Our teams of surgeons, our divisional
surgeons, our privates, our officers, all hands, were groggy with the
kind of fatigue that one night's rest would not cure after that fearful
six weeks' draft on their nerve energy. One does not forget the
stretcher bearers, and least of all one does not forget the nurses. I
mean not the women of the volunteer organizations, but the army
nurses, the practical, trained women under army discipline who
worked double time. They became hollow-eyed with weariness, but
remained cheerful and smiling. In all the gatherings of veterans'
associations they should have a place of honor.

Trench Fighting

Written by Conrad Anderson of Company D, Three Hundred Six-
teenth Infantry, Seventy-ninth Division.

We arrived at the front in the Meuse sector about 3 o'clock in the
morning of Tuesday, October 2gth, to relieve the Twenty-sixth Divis-
ion. Some of us were immediately sent ahead for outpost duty in
small rifle pits ahead of the lines. These pits were small holes in the
ground camouflaged with leaves and branches. We were three in a
pit — there I was with one Jew and one Italian. Here we were on
guard all day. After dark we were relieved and went back for
twenty-four hours rest, spent in a shallow cave covered with corru-
gated iron. In all, we were about forty men crowded into this small
cave, which would not allow us all to lie down. The shells were fly-
ing all around, and we had one very close call when a shell made a
dent in the iron of our cave, though luckily it did not explode. The
next evening we resumed our positions in the rifle pits for another
twenty-four hours, after which we were relieved and went back about
a kilometer for rest in dugouts which the Germans had constructed.
These were substantially boarded up with planks and were about
thirty-five feet in the ground. Some were provided with small stoves
but we did not use them as the smoke would betray our positions
and expose us to even more shell fire.

Our position at the front was not very favorable. We were, so to
say, in a horseshoe with Germans on three sides. Early Sunday
morning, November 3d, the Germans sent over a heavy barrage and
we were to take our positions in the lines to be ready for a counter-
attack. During our removal in the night members of our company
became mixed with other companies. We were short of candles and
it was pitch dark in the dugouts. I was in the first platoon ordered
out, but when we had gone a little distance I did not recognize any of

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 571

them, and upon inquiry as to what company they belonged to I was
dismayed to realize that I was with the wrong company. It was on
my return that I was hit by a bursting shell. Consequently I was
not able to move out with our own company, but remained in this
dugout all day, together with three others who were gassed and a
stretcher-bearer. Although we were so deep in the ground, the earth
fairly shook when the big shells struck above us. In the evening
we attempted to reach a first-aid station, but were compelled by heavy
shell fire to seek refuge in another dugout for the night. The fol-
lowing morning I reached safely the first-aid station.

Taken Prisoner at Meuse-Argonne

Written by Vear Nichols of Company B, Three Hundred Six-
teenth Infantry, Seventy-ninth Division.

On November 3d, with seven of my comrades I became separated
from the command on the way back to the reserve lines. It was
very dark, and that section of the Argonne in which we were fighting
was rough in the extreme, filled with shell holes, and the forest itself
dense and tangled beyond description. It was impossible to find
one's way without runners or guides. Ben Kaufman of Storm Lake
and Fred Boettcher of Grant Township were among our little party.
After wandering about until daylight we found ourselves near an
empty dugout, which we at once occupied. It was almost sure death
to move about during the day, and we hoped to escape observation
by thus hiding. About noon Boettcher and two of the other men
made a try for the camp kitchen, in spite of the obvious risks. I do
not know whether or not they succeeded in working through, as that
was the last I saw of Fred.

During the evening of the 3d we managed to get in touch with a
runner, who guided us to the company dugout. The company itself
was then on the front line, and we rejoined it the next morning.
Shortl}^ after, we advanced in the face of heavy machine gun fire,
and captured about seventy-five of the "square heads" sending them
to the rear. About 8 o'clock the enemy sent over a heavy barrage,
under ^\'hich we dug in as best we could. Our captain was killed
shortly after the barrage started, and our major was wounded in the
leg. The Germans kept up this fire until there were only about thirty-
five or forty left of two full companies. Then they came at us, hurl-
ing hand grenades as they advanced. With the barrage back of us
it was impossible to retire. We kept firing with our rifles until the
Boches were right on us, in overwhelming numbers. There was
nothing left to do but to give up. I can not understand how any of
us were left to surrender.

572 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

I started to get out of a little ditch to help a man just in front who
had been hit. But hardly had I moved when my rifle was hit by a
bullet, just grazing my hand. As soon as we had yielded, the Ger-
mans started back with us. Another comrade and myself carried
the wounded major to the enemy's first-aid station, where he was
attended to. We were then taken back of the German lines to a
small town, where we were placed in the underground apartments of
a ruined church. There we found our two lieutenants and a couple
of our men. The next day eight of us were marched all day, under
guard of two mounted men, arriving at a somewhat larger town
about 6 o'clock in the evening.

There we found the remains of our outfit, and there our gas masks
and helmets were taken. The next morning we were hiked to a rail-
road and given an hour's ride. That evening we were taken back
to a point near that from which we started, and were joined by about
150 other American prisoners.

On the morning of November 7th we were all headed for Germany,
on foot. The hike was continued until evening, when we reached
Virtun, Belgium. There I was taken from the party and sent to a
hospital. About a week previously I had bruised my elbow, by strik-
ing a tree while carrying food at night to the front line. The injury
did not seem serious enough to require examination or dressing. But
it had become infected, and by the evening of the 7th I was no longer
able to keep up with the others.

I was put in with a bunch of French and Italian wounded. There
is but little left to tell as to my experiences. We did not know that
the armistice had been signed until November 12th, when the guards
left. All the wounded who were able to move started at once to make
their way back to France. The Frenchmen certainly were in a hurry,
and they can "beat it" toward the homeland, as well as toward the
enemy. My injury still threatening, I was sent into the main hospital.
There were about 1,600 wounded Germans in the lot, and I found
eleven other Americans among the men under treatment. And you
can believe I was sure glad to be where I could talk United States
again. The Germans started moving out all their wounded men who
could stand the transfer the day after the armistice was signed.

On November 13th the advance guard of the American army ar-
rived. It brought magazine and cigarettes, among other good things,
and we were certainly glad to see the men and the supplies. On the
1 8th we were taken back to the American hospital. I must say that
we were given excellent care and attention in the American hospital
until December 12, when I was sent to the classification camp at St.
Aignan. I saw Harry Kruse ^ of Grant township, while at the classi-

1 Kruse died later in a camp in Virginia.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 573

fication camp. He was the only person I knew that I saw from
November 7th vmtil I returned to Camp Dodge.

Best Find of All
From The Stars and Stripes, issue of November 22, 1918.

Then, treasure trove of treasure troves, the advancmg Americans
found in the German hospitals some Yankee wounded. In the big
hospital at Virton, for instance, the Germans had been obliged to
leave behind some 400 men too seriously wounded to be moved — left
them there with a full staff of surgeons and nurses to care for them
— and among these were nine Americans. They had lain there, lone-
some and helpless, for many days and nights. They awoke on the
morning of the 12th to find friendly Americans swarming around
their beds, showering them with cigarettes and magazines.

Seventy-ninth Division

In a short reminiscence of the last few days of the war, Victor Os-
car Johnson tells of straightening out a horseshoe sector, of going
without food for three days, and of being lost for days from his com-
pany:

On November 4th we got orders to straighten out the left flank,
also to take Hill No. 378. I was in the first platoon, Company D,
Three Hundred Sixteenth Infantry. We went over the top the morn-
ing of the 5th, captured our objective, and held it until the evening
of the 6th, at which time we were relieved. This was the first real
action in which I participated. The artillery fire against this hill
by the Germans was very heavy, and their machine guns so active
that it was almost impossible to get any rations to us. On November
4th, 5th, and 6th, I did not have a bite of any kind to eat, not even
water to drink. The little water that was in my canteen the first day
I gave to a wounded comrade.

In the evening, after being relieved, I helped carry a man with
one leg shot off to the first-aid station. Close to this place we found
two kitchens, and though they had been shelled through the day we
found some bread, syrup, and corn beef, so had a big feed. When
the three of us finished our meal at midnight we did not know the
way back to Company D, so we crawled into a shell hole to sleep
until morning. Then we located our company. The Three Hun-
dred Fifteenth and the Three Hundred Sixteenth Regiments were
still holding the lines along this sector when the armistice was signed.
It was a wonderful relief when the thunder of the big guns ceased.
On November 13th I was with a detail of men looking for dead sol-

574 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

diers. We found quite a few of them; then we dug a grave a Httle
way behind the Hnes, where we laid them to rest.

On November 14th we moved to a prison camp that had been used
by the Germans, located between Reville and Echannay.

Our last long hike was in the latter part of March, 1919, to the
fourth training area in the general vicinity of Chaumont. This hike
lasted for five days, but it was toward home, so everybody was happy.

Pushing Back the Enemy

The best- laid plans go oft awry. In handling two million men
over disorganized transportation routes there were numerous oppor-
tunities for miscarriage of plans. Chris Kladstrup of Newell tells
of one such incident and the difficulty encountered in again finding
the organization.

At Montichard we stopped and had roll call and were then divided
into small parties of about forty men each. The group I was with
was sent to a small country town, St. Georges, about nine kilometers
from Montichard. After drilling two weeks we entrained again,
with forty-five men and equipment in each of the small French cars,
to take a two days' journey to Is-sur-Tille, one of the large United
States camps in France. Here was where the confusion occurred.
Though most of the train was switched to the proper place, two cars
were sidetracked by mistake, and the boys who were in them were
separated from the rest of the company. I was in one of these cars.
A day's ride took us to St. Dizier, where we spent the remainder of
the day; then followed a rail journey of another day's duration, after
which we were loaded on trucks, and after riding almost all night
failed to find our company. The next day we hiked seven kilometers,
and again rode several hours on trucks, at the end of which we were
fortunate enough to locate our company. After joining them we
hiked during the night to some French barracks near Issoncourt,
where we were part of an assemblage of 2,500 soldiers. Here we
remained from the 14th to the 27th of October, then took a long hike
to join the Three Hundred Thirteenth Infantry of the Seventy-ninth
Division, and I was there given final assignment to Company F.
This was at Rupt. That night we hiked a distance of thirty-five
kilometers to Verdun, reaching there at 4 a.m. We were under shell
fire from this time until November nth.

We left Verdun October 29th for Cote der Roche and pitched our
tents on the slopes of a hill directly in front of the artillery. There
was a great deal of artillery at this place — mostly five and six-inch
guns. We were terribly shelled on the way up to the front November

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 575

5th and lost many men in killed and wounded. The three Hundred
Thirteenth attacked at i o'clock at Brabrent. Cornsenoje Forest,
Reville, Waville, Crepion, and Moirey were also captured by detach-
ments of the Seventy-ninth Division. We were advancing all the time
against the enemy, who was retreating very rapidly until November
9th, when we were relieved aliout nightfall. That night we got some
rest and were moving into the lines the morning of the nth when
the news first reached us of the signing of the armistice and that at
1 1 a.m. all hostilities would cease. It seemed too good to be true.

Seventy-ninth Division

Written by Ernest W. Lehman, Company E, Three Hundred Six-
teenth Regiment, Seventy-ninth Division.

The start for the front was made on the afternoon of November 5th.
That night we slept along the railroad track. The following day we
hiked six hours and after spending the night in a church at the town
of Dugny we were hauled in trucks to a point north of Verdun. From
here we hiked four miles to find shelter in dugouts, where we had to
be on guard for gas all night. On the 8th we marched to Etraye,
where seventy-two men were transferred from the infantry into the
machine gun company as ammunition runners. For thirty-six hours
we carried messages. When, on the afternoon of the loth a comrade
and I were ordered back to our original company, our first concern
was for something to eat. On the morning of the nth, after aris-
ing at 5 130 and loading our ammunition carts, we started for the
front intending to send over a barrage. Enroute we found a bridge
blown to pieces, so had to unload the ammunition from the carts and
carry it two miles. Thirteen machine guns were set up ready for
action when orders came to move a little further forward. From the
second location, further up the hill than the first, we sent our last
barrage at 7 :05 in the morning, while the German shells were flying
all around, and put three machine guns out of commission, but for-
tunately no men were severely wounded. At 11 o'clock everything
was quiet.

To include March 8, 1919, the total battle casualties of this division
as reported, were 3,223. To include March i, 1919, eighty Distin-
guished Service Crosses were awarded individuals of the Seventy-
ninth Division.

576 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Citation for 79TH Division

Headquarters 79TH Division, American E. F., France.

November 27, 191 8.
From : Commanding General.

To : Co. O, 316th Infantry, thru C. G. 158th Infantry Brigade.

Subject : Commendation of Regiment.

1. In the final offensive on the heights east of the Meuse and north
of Verdun the task of breaking the enemy's resistance at the Borne
du Cornouiller (Hill 378) devolved upon the 316th Infantry Regi-
ment. Stubbornly defended by the enemy, this tactically strong point
presented an obstacle of most serious character. In spite of all diffi-
culties the Regiment succeeded after three days heavy fighting, No-
vember 4th to 6th, in capturing and finally holding the Borne du
Cornouiller, in breaking the enemy's resistance and contributed ma-
terially to driving the enemy from the heights east of the Meuse a
few days later.

2. Numerous authenticated instances of gallantry, tenacity and
endurance have come to the Commanding General's notice, proving
beyond a question that the Regiment acquitted itself with the great-
est credit and in a manner worthy of the best American traditions.

3. The Commanding General takes great pride in the achieve-
ments of the Regiment and directs that you bring this letter to the
attention of your command. Joseph E. Kuhn,

Major General U. S. A.

The Lost Battalion

Company E of the Three Hundred Eighth Infantry was in "the
Lost Battalion" and Albert Wolfe of this company tells the follow-
ing story of these forces:

Our boys were in the pocket six days and nights. When we got
out there were only fifty of us left — the rest were killed, wounded,
or taken prisoners. I was one of the bunch who filled the company
up then. We went on for a few days and were relieved by the Sev-
enty-eighth Division. On the morning of November 3d, we went
into the line again but were not called upon to do much fighting ; the
Germans retreated too fast. It was just hike and hike to keep up
within sight of them. We crossed the Meuse River on the last drive.

The bridges were all blown up. Some of the boys lost their guns
as well as other parts of their equipment in making the crossing.

Our boys who were taken prisoners in the Argonne were returned
to us about the fiirst of January, 1919. They said they were treated
pretty well while being prisoners.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 577

One boy by the name of Olson, from Rembrandt, who went when
I did, died of pneumonia while I was with him. But that is the only
boy I was with who died. Danne Redenbaugh was with our group
when we went overseas, but we were separated after we got to France.

Battle of Audenarde

John E. Reese, of Nokomis Township, writes thus of Ninety-first
Division ^ activities :

King Albert of Belgium had asked the Allied commanders for two
good American divisions to be sent up there to put "pep" into the
armies fighting in Belgium at that time. The Ninety-first and the
Thirty-seventh, which were just out of the first big Argonne drive,
were sent in answer to this call. This, by the way, was supposed
to be the largest move the A.E.F. ever made, considered from the
short length of time that it took to get these two divisions into Bel-
gium. We were attached to the Fifth French Army Corps. We
made two drives there — that is, we were in the second when the
armistice was signed. We were at that time in Audenarde, where
we were held up temporarily for a few days.

There are three canals and the river Scheldt running through Au-
denarde, and as all the bridges were blown up and the opposite banks
well fortified we had to stop. Not much was known about the con-
dition of the bridges, etc., but we did know that the Germans were
shelling the place so badly that it was impossible to get through. The
Allied forces did not have any luck getting information with air
service because of weather conditions and heavy bombardment. So
volunteers were called for from the engineers. Our captain sent
two of us in first to observe conditions. We were busy dodging
shells and Germans until 5 o'clock in the morning, but by this time
we had learned the location of their batteries and their machine-gun
layouts, as well as the condition of the blown-up bridges. "Jerry,"
as we called the Germans, is a bear on demolition work.

The next day we were in position to go in there — that is, after our
artillery had moved Jerry's batteries. We had plenty of shell fire
even for a few days later while we were building bridges, but we soon
crossed the river and had him on a high lope by November nth.

^ Data on this division shows that thirty members of the division were given the Distin-
guished Service Cross. John E. Reese wras one of the men so honored.

578 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The Wreck of Chateau Thierry

Impressions of the wreckage at Chateau Thierry are recounted by
S. L. Hoffman who was assigned to duty in that sector with an engi-
neer company.

For several miles we picked our way over this field on a track that
had just been laid. Along the river pontoon boats and parts of
bridges showed me where fellow engineers had attempted to build
bridges across the stream under fire. The town of Chateau Thierry
was just a pile of stones and dust, with every tree and brush wiped
off the earth by machine gun and shrapnel. From here on the
country looked worse and worse. Everywhere there were signs of
war — tracks were lined with big guns and all along the road were
thousands of French and American soldiers moving to the front.
During a half hour's halt at Commercy we saw the marks of a bomb
dropped from a Boche aeroplane. The track was not demolished, but
the station and sheds were, and all the glass in town was shattered.

At Toul I had to exhibit my orders to half a dozen French officers.
Here I received my first mail, and among it the good news that I had
been made captain on September 17th. I immediately donned the
two bars. Toul was full of American colonels and generals and
French officers of high rank, and I soon found out that a captain was
small potatoes here. One of my first duties was to spend a week get-
ting familiar with the locations and the surrendered positions of the
Germans. All the stories about dugouts and shelters being furnish-
ed with bath tubs, pianos and electric lights are true, for I saw men
who fitted their camps with these conveniences from captured dug-
outs. Nearly all the salvage companies had a piano or two.

I saw considerable aerial fighting, and later had my first attempt
£it building a storehouse at ^^'oinville knocked all to splinters by the
Boche artillery. \\'e built it up again and it remained unmolested.

Let me illustrate the treachery of the Boche. Soon after beginning
the construction of a railhead at Woinville there appeared one day a
small Boche scout plane. It showed no signs of having a gun mount-
ed on it, neither did it carry bombs. The French chased it away
several times, but after concluding that it was not trying to do any
harm ceased their vigilance. The driver would sail over us and drop
down hand bills on which were printed advice to our boys to come
over and join the German forces while they had a chance or they
might never see home again. This peddling of bills kept up for about
a week, when suddenly one day he darted over to a big observation
balloon we had in the woods near by and riddled it with a machine
gun he had cleverly hidden in the body of the plane. Our fellows

HONOR ROLL OF BUEXA VISTA COUNTY 579

watched him after that, and in a few days brought him down in a
shower of shrapnel.

When the armistice was signed the nth of November the Boches
came out of their holes, offered wine and bread, of which they seemed
to have plenty, to our boys, and two hours after they ceased firing our
fellows were over in their trenches and the troops were all mixed up.

I celebrated the occasion by going to the Second Army staff' offi-
cers' ball at the French club. It was the first time the city had been
lighted since the war. Everybody was in the spirit of the occasion.
The morning of the 13th Colonel Downing and myself, after an ex-
citing trip, made entrance into Metz, and claimed the distinction of
being the first Americans to do so. We did not have any excitement
after that until we got our first sight of the Statue of Liberty.

Engineers Build Warehouses

The wide variety of work accomplished by engineering companies
is illustrated in the recital of the following incidents from the record
of Z^Iajor George K. ]\IcCullough of Storm Lake :

The Eighty-eighth Division was organized at Camp Dodge during
the fall of 1917. The camp was not completed when the men report-
ed there and the first duty of the engineers was to assist in the com-
pletion of the buildings of the camp to make ready for occupancy.
The Three Hundred Thirteenth Engineers was organized at this time
and I was placed ift command of Company B of this regiment. By
the middle of October this regiment was practically filled up and the
training commenced. About the last of October it was found by the
War Department that replacements for the troops overseas at that
time would be far in excess of what had been estimated and accord-
inglv replacements were taken from the divisions in training on this
side, the Eighty-eiglith Division being included with the others. Dur-
ing the fall of 191 7 and the early spring of 1918, 756 men were on the
rolls of Company B. These men were given from one to two months
training and then sent as replacements for other units. In ^lay,
19 18, orders were issued to fill up the units of the Eighty-eighth Di-
vision and prepare them for departure overseas.

The training schedule for overseas troops was commenced at Les
Laumes, France, and after two weeks another move was made to
Hericourt, about twenty-five miles from the eastern boundary of
France. Here the regiment was split up and the First Battalion, of
which Company B was a part, marched eastward to the town of Cha-
vanne, arriving there on the 19th of September, 1918. The training
schedule was resumed at this place, and in addition the tools and
equipment for an engineer battalion were assembled and made ready

SSo HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

for use. By a series of night marches October 5th, 6th, and 7th,
Company B moved into Alsace, being billeted in the village of Elbach.
This company was put in charge of the maintenance and reconstruc-
tion of the trenches occupied by a part of the Three Hundred Fiftieth
Infantry on this front. Listening posts and machine gun emplace-
ments were built here and work commenced on the drainingf and re-
pair of the trenches, when the company was ordered to move to
Fontaine. This point was the base of supply of the Eighty-eighth
Division, and the quartermaster had been notified that he would have
to release all the French buildings which he was using. This required
the construction of eight warehouses twenty feet by seventy feet.
This duty, assigned to Company B, was completed in seven days. We
then moved to Pagny-de-Barrine, where we were billeted when the
armistice was signed. Company B was then immediately ordered
on the work of rebuilding the railroad from Paris to Metz through
Pont-a-Mousson, and for this work went into camp in a deserted vil-
lage which had been almost totally destroyed, Pagny-sur-]\Iaselle.
Prior to the war the railroads of France and Germany had not been
connected, and it was at this point that Company B made the connec-
tion between the French and German railroads, where heretofore had
been the transfer station.

On the 5th of December Company B was detached from the Eighty-
eighth Division and attached to the Ninth Corps at St. Mihiel as
corps engineers. On February 17th we w^ere ordered to De Mange-
aux-Eau to take charge of an engineer depot.

I was advised of my promotion to major on February 25th and vv^as
sent to Marson to take command of the First Battalion of the Three
Hundred Thirteenth Engineers. In March the American schools at
St. Joire, consisting of fifty-one buildings, was erected by Companies
A and C. This battalion was then put on highway work, which was
their special service until the 17th of May, when they marched to De
Mange to entrain for St. Nazaire, the port of embarkation.

Te;lls His Story in Rhyme

The war developed considerable poetical inclination among fighters.
One Buena Vista County boy recounts his experiences in verse.
Charles Samsel had never claimed any distinction as a poet laureate,
but in the following quatrains gives vent to a form of war reminis-
cences that are novel and interesting:

In the year of nineteen-eigkteen, There five weeks was spent in training

On the twenty-fourth of June, To learn to fight the deadly Hun

I was drafted in the army Then we left for over-seas

And to Camp Dodge was taken soon. Where the worst was yet to come.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

581

Three days and nights we rode by rail
Through many noted eastern points —
A stop or two to march a trail
To rest our weary, aching joints.

We took a dive in Indian Lake,
A bath in the "Y," Wilkes-Barre,
Where excitement was no fake.
Two Yanks there received a jar.

Niagara Falls in the early morn
The boys were marched to see ;
I failed to 'have the pleasure
The guards were not to be set free.

Next we landed in Camp Upton,
Where we stayed four days in wait
For our over-seas equipment
E'er we left United States.

Once on board the huge Olympic,
Our navy's second largest boat,
We sailed the blue and wide Atlantic,
Seven days we were afloat.

One day and night spent in Southamp-
ton
Sunday eve we loaded up
And at night we crossed the Channel
While the convoys formed a cup.

At dawn we dropped an anchor safely
In the harbor of LeHavre,
Where it appeared to us, ere evening,
We had come abroad to starve.

We were marched some four miles

distant
To a "rest camp"— Ah, indeed !
Where we groomed ourselves, each

instant
Fondly waiting for a feed.

While formed in order for our mess
Beloved Cap received his orders —
We must march ; entrain at once ;
And move to reserve quarters.

In cattle cars we traveled
Through foreign towns galore;
The second night we landed
In Epoisses, cramped and sore.

Twelve-thirty a.m. in company order,
Puppy tents were pitched in haste ;
For each Yank had learned already
That he had no rest to waste.

The following day at one p.m.
We rolled and slung equipment;
After a march of a mile and a half
We were handed another shipment.

Three weeks, two days, at Corrombles
We drilled, half starved and worried;
Then made the trip to Belfort
Where our hopes of peace were buried.

Eighteen miles were made by route-
step
With a rifle and a pack.
At Les Laumes we entrained
To ride again the railroad track.

Arrived at Belfort we unloaded;
Ate our breakfast out of cans;
Slung equipment, journeyed onward
To the village of Dorans.

Ten days here the fast continued,
Sick-book carried quite a list.
There's where I got the influenza,
Three weeks I struggled to exist.

Exposed to gas and aircraft shrapnel,
Masks and helmets issued out;
Pack well loaded, three blankets o'er it,
Once again we took the route.

Under darkness, six miles distant,
A new location here we found ;
Just a week we stayed in safety
Listening to a roaring sound.

Now Endelans left behind us,
Gas alarms began to snort;
Thus we learned the beastly nature
Of the Boche — in Menencourt.

Twelve miles covered, here we tarried ;
Camouflage was now the game.
One week later found us moving.
Kaiser Bill was all to blame.

Vauthermont, eight miles before us.
We must travel Sunday night ;
Seven days here, dodging shrapnel,
Getting closer to the fight.

Night and day, close watch and guard-
ing,
Every Yank must be alert.
Thirteen miles to the bloody trenches
With Death's toll we now must flirt.

582

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Aircraft skirmished, artillery rumbled,
Gas shells whistled through the air;
OutiX)sts kept a watchful lookout,
Determined not a Boche to spare.

Eight days giiard on a quiet sector,

Each man gloried in belief

That soon we'd leave those gas-proof

dugouts,
Back to Falchwiller for relief.

Six days and nights we spent, not

knowing
Where or when we'd take a step ;
But after sunset we were going
Nine miles back to visit Reppe.

Just a day to wait for darkness
And to rest us from the jaunt.
Eleven miles revealed our smartness.
Also, found us, Offermont.

Here two days; the following evening
Twelve miles more we must proceed
To take the cars at famous Belfort —
A well earned ride, we all agreed.

At Bernecourt, our destination,
We debarked with all our might ;
Then jammed in trucks, with packs

and rifles,
A nine mile ride we had that night.

Three weeks we stayed at Minorville.
Sheep sheds make a glorious place
For a white man to inhabit ;
A doughboy suffers no disgrace.

November tenth, 'twas in the evening,
All were huddled 'round the fire.
With no surprise we got the order —
"Prepare to move, and not retire."

Twenty miles to hike e'er morning,
To take our turn on the Toul front ;
The orders changed, we had no warn-
ing.
A sleepless night — a common stunt.

From dawn next day "til the eleventh

hour,
The distant roar of gxins increased ;
Then the armistice proclaimed its

power
And all was quiet — war had ceased.

Church bells rang and cheers resound-
ed;

Thought of home and Christmas time ;

But still we drilled in mud, astounded;

Squads riglit and left now seemed a
crime.

Many miles we walked on detail,
Policing up some filthy burg.
Thanksgiving day we walked to

Francheville —
A sandwich dinner seemed absurd.

Returning home, each Yank disgusted,
Foreign service was well discussed ;
Reflecting on the past, and "Justice,"
"Finish soon," "In God we trust."

The sun had set, and candles flickered,
Weary heads prepared for rest ;
Then to our midst there came an echo
To move — 'twas rumored, now to
Brest.

An early breakfast, a hurried forma-
tion.

At daylight we were on the road,

Seventeen miles. We were near star-
vation

As we trudged along with heavy load.

With broken ranks we entered Aulnois
Assigned to billets, tired and worn.
Fourteen miles, oil faithful doughboys,
Next day reached Melna La Hoigne.

The third day out we rode the hob-
nails

Ten miles more. We stood the test

To Reftroy, where we dodged the
details ;

Mumps and quarantine progressed.

In rain and mud we spent December
Assuming squads, both right and left;
But we resumed, we'd well remember.
Our visit with the A. E. F.

We maneuvered, drilled, took turns at

detail,
And seldom ever had dry feet.
We thought our letters had struck a

derail ;
Our famous "Y" was incomplete.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

583

For firewood, we took collections,
And slept in blankets on the floor.
We asked for clothes at all inspections ;
The answer was, "We 'have no more."

So 'twas thus we lived in Refifroy
Through the winter days in France ;
Thinking of home and future joy,
For which we took a daring chance.

Over rocks and hills we wandered.
On "problems" of a coming war;
Our time and francs we freely squan-
dered
At various schools in St. Joiare.

February brought a change of weather
Snow and ice we then endured.
With chillblained feet in frozen leather,
Our minds were broadened and ma-
tured.

Six months had passed since embarka-
tion ;

The gold stripe now we each possess.

Which stands for grief, and aggrava-
tion,

"Received in full," while O. A. S.

Long, dreary days of anxious waiting;
As spring approached we hoped in vain
That soon we'd all be emigrating
To where they "compree Meri-cain."

April found us in the same location.
With "beaucoup" rain the whole month

through
We now had gained the information
In May we'd cross the ocean blue.

We now marked time with pick and

shovel,
Policing up for miles around.
The eighth of May, with full jjack

shouldered,
Partee Refifroy — homeward bound.

DeManges, four miles, the waiting box
cars.

Was now our home "to not abuse ;"

Two days of brilliant scenes — and ox-
carts ;

At 9 a.m. we reached LaSuze.

We detrained and transferred baggage
To trucks that seemed but odd to us.
To \'oivres, four miles, an ideal village,
A well kept place, 'twas obvious.

After six days we departed;
Equipment now must show repair.
With packs reduced, from LaSuze we

started
For a twelve-hour ride to St. Nazaire.

At least we reached the goal of No-
where ;
The end of box car circumstance;
Four miles to camp, two days laid over;
On May nineteenth we finished France.

On board the steamship Rijudam
We sailed, alone, eleven days ;
All hearts rejoice when at last we land
And are welcomed back to the U.S.A.

At Hoboken dock we walked the gang

plank;
Once more our gratitude to feel
For a safe return, and to fully thank
The Red Cross for a good, square
meal

With slight delay we ne.xt were loaded
On cars to ride those cushion seats,
To Camp Merritt, where a week de-
voted
Our time to bunk fatigue and eats.

Again we leave to proceed with plea-
sure

On sleeping cars — Oh, what a treat !

O'er a land that all most highly trea-
sure

And with which no other can compete.

On June the nintli we paraded Qinton

And left again at 8 p.m.

In Des Moines, next day, with packs

we're sprintin'
'Twas a happy day \v1ien we salvaged

them.

Just a day at Dodge for examination,
And to receive our last allotted pay;
Then home, sweet home — oh, the con-
solation
A doughboy feels on discharge day.

S84 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Tanks Rumble On In Victor's Path Through Argonne
From The Stars and Stripes:

Private William Kenworthy, Irishman by birth and fighter by in-
stinct and enlistment, late of the Canadian E. F. and more recently
of the American Tank Corps, was languishing in the brig of an S.O.S.
town when the whole A.E.F., from Verdun to Brittany, began to
tingle with the preparation for the drive in Argonne. It was too
much for Private Kenworthy.

It was painful enough to be detached from his outfit in this man-
ner under any circumstances : to be away from them when they were
going into action — that was a thought unbearable. That evening
at sundown there was a jail delivery of one.

Smelling the battle from afar, the escaped prisoner followed his
nose. Dodging M.P.'s enroute, hooking rides, lying cheerily to the
too curious R.T.O. men, advancing by forced night marches, sleep-
ing by day and eating when and where he could, he reached the edge
of the Forest of Argonne in time to snuggle down on the driver's
cushion of a baby juggernaut, crank her up and start her roaring,
lurching, smashing her way along the blasted road that leads to
Berlin.

LIKE A GARDEN sprinkler

Today the armor of his battered tank is so pierced with bullets
that it looks like the business end of a flower sprinkler. His face is
one large blister, memento of a breathless moment when he saw a
brother tank burst into flames after a bullet had reached its gas res-
ervoir. Kenworthy stuck his head out as a turtle comes out of its
shell, grasped the situation, jumped clear, raced to the rescue and, in
the nick of time, dragged the scorched and unconscious driver to
safety.

Once Kenworthy had to retreat, for his tank, clearly visible, was
drawing fire from the German 77's to where the doughboys lay, and
just then the doughboys could not go forward. So the tank had to
go back. But the railroad bridge on which it came over had just
been blown to matchwood, of which the wreckage was floating down-
stream, while all that remained from shore to shore was a pair of
gleaming rails. Kenworthy started for the river's edge.

The lieutenant in the gun turret, who usually guides and instructs
the driver by a code system of pats and pokes — one in the neck, one
on the crown, one on the right shoulder, one on the left, each has a
meaning — found his list of signals unequal to this occasion. So,
crouching down, he howled at Kenworthy above the deafening hub-
bub of the tank:" You can never cross on those rails."

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 585

HE couldn't, but he did

Kenworthy's answer, which was drowned in tlie roar of the en-
gine, is believed to have been, "The hell I can't," or words to that
effect. Anyway, he did.

Meanwhile, his AWOL status has not yet been adjusted. His case
is somewhat complex. A compromise of some sort may be effected.
Very likely he will be given the D.S.C. and shot at sunrise.

Kenworthy's story is worth the telling if for no other reason than
that it is true to the spirit of a branch of the service that necessarily
calls upon adventurous souls throughout the Army, summoning them
to a life that fairly brims with excitement and danger. For the
tanks are the cavalry of this war.

How great the danger is can be best guessed by glancing over the
list of killed, gassed and wounded in the Tank Corps, or by looking
at the mauled and twisted tanks themselves. One brigade that has
been operating along the eastern edge of the Forest of Argonne it-
self had more than a dozen tanks come to grief in the first month of
the battle, of which all but one have been salvaged in varying stages
of wreck. The other, with good reason, is believed to be in the proud
possession of the enemy.

A PURELY OFFENSIVE WEAPON

The many and lively experiences of the month have proved that there
is little the enemy can do seriously to halt the irresistible advance of
the tanks. That is a cheering fact, for every increase and improve-
ment in tank warfare works in favor of the Allies, and the Allies
alone, because the tank is solely an offensive weapon, and a military
critic need be neither an inspired prophet nor a daredevil to predict
that, come what may in the months that lie ahead, the armies of Ger-
many will not again assume the offensive in our day and generation.

If the enemy digs a trench, the tanks go down one side and up the
other. If he rolls logs across the road, the tanks skirt them rakishly.
The tanks knock down stone walls and proceed, somewhat groggily,
across the debris. They brush aside small trees with contempt. If
a stream is unbridged and unfordable — why, then, one tank can
make a sacrifice plunge, with the others crossing on its back.

HOW TO DODGE A MINE FIELD

The tanks laugh at mine craters. They even laughed at a large
sinister mine field in Argonne — a tremendous patch of hidden con-
tact mines which the enemy had sown, praying for a harvest of death.
But, in the agitaion of his retreat, he committed the important error

586 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

of forgetting to take down the danger sign which had served to warn
his own traffic of the field's existence.

Then tanks, then, can go any place, but the journey is not necessary
pleasant. Indeed, the sensation is a little like motoring in an earth-
quake. Probably the earlier tank casualties are all bruises and sea-
sickness. A tank ride suggests a sail in a steam roller off the Grand
Banks during a squall.

The month has proved, too, that the great enemy of the tanks is the
yy. Only a direct hit can do the business. This means the enemy
must bring his artillery into the front line, and any weapon which
compels him to such a course may be said to have proved its useful-
ness. One yy did for two of our tanks in Argonne. That particular
gun now reposes at a tank headquarters, for a third tank did for it.

THK ANTI-TANK EL,EPHANT GUN

Then there is the anti-tank rifle, a villainous affair, an elephant
gun, really, nearly six feet long and firing a five-and-a-half inch
long, armor piercing shell. One of these ripped its way through the
17mm. armor of the gun turret, through the 3mm. steel head shield,
through the gunner's lower jaw and out the other side. And he
lives to tell the tale. Probably he will still be telling it when he is 83.

One brave Boche stood squarely in the center of Main Street, Var-
ennes, as one of the little monsters came whiffling into town, bur-
bling as it came. Everyone else had fled, as well they might, for to
see a tank bearing down on you is as demoralizing an experience as
would be the sudden appearance of a dynosaur in Main Street.

This lone hero stood with his anti-tank rifle ready for action, eas-
ing its weight and its kick by a feather pillow stuffed in at his shoul-
ders. He stood his ground. The tank did not stop. For a few
moments, Varennes was full of flying feathers.

Then there is the tank trap. Our enemy had dug a good many
pits in Argonne for our destruction, and through the thin roof that
concealed one of these, an imwary tank pitched down only to find
that the trap was filled with water. The sergeant gunner could
climb out of the submerged juggernaut through the freely flapping
doors of the turret, but there was no hope for the corporal who was
driving. All he could do was to lend the last of his strength to a
good upward push for his pal. He did that.

TIPSY WITH GAS

Adventures? There have been hundreds. Think of the gunner
whose driver, tipsy with gas, was evacuated and who was settling
down within his idle tank to wait for reinforcement's when some ma-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 587

chine guns, hidden in the fringe of the Argonne Forest, opened up
on him. He pointed the tank in the general direction of the attacking
nest, started her going, climbed up into the turret and went after
those gunners alone. He got them.

Think of the captain who, scouting ahead through the fog in ad-
vance of this little battery of peripatetic one-pounders, stumbled into
a German trench and a very much occupied German trench at that.
Eight Boches surrounded him, and were about to bear him of¥ in tri-
umph when, over the edge of the trench, an inquisitive tank poked its
snout. At the first sight of it, the eight fled. It was a rout.

Like all good soldiers, the men of the Tank Corps acknowledge a
gallant enemy when they meet him. They met him in the First Prus-
sian Guard, or rather among the older members of that famous divis-
ion who had belonged to it before the catastrophic deterioration of
its personnel set in after the Ourcq last August.

Certain machine gunners of that Guard division stuck to the guns
and kept firing them — though they must have known that the bullets
rained harmless as pebbles thrown at a rhinoceros — stuck to their
guns till guns and gimners both were run down — literally run down
by a tank.

EVEN BABES ARE CUMBERSOME

These are just a few of the stories of the Tank Corps. Scores like
them can be read in the lacerated, perforated armor, the twisted
tracks, the shattered turrets of a dozen war-worn tanks standing
drunkenly in the mud outside the repair shop. For they are such
heavy, cumbersome things, even the tiny 6>^ ton babies, that a long
haul to the rear is out of the question and the repair shop must and
does hum on the battlefield itself.

Not only the scars, but the empty ammunition racks are eloquent
of past adventures. They tell how, from each turret, the old one
pounder fired its 237 rounds before it gave up, and usually the 45's
carried by the gunner and the driver also come back empty if they
come back at all.

Such a shop is camouflaged, of course, till it looks like an inno-
cent old vineyard. There ingenuity works day and night, for after
all, America is one big Menlo Park. There the wreckage of a doz-
en tanks must be converted into a half dozen tanks fit for action.
There a Mercedes engine, deftly extracted from a fallen German
plane, serves as a dynamo.

There, in idle moments, the men speculate on what Uncle Sam
might do if the war should end abruptly and leave him embarrassed
witli the possession of a large fleet of juggernauts. They have it all
worked out now. Even a baby tank will pull four plows, go through

588 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

sage brush, negotiate irrigation ditches, and generally be mighty
handy around the farm back home.

SALVAGING A GRIDDLE

There cakes are served to sustain the morale of the men sentenced
to repair work. The armor plate from a salvaged tank makes a pos-
sible griddle, and even the pancake turner is ingenious. The blade
was once an oblong trench mirror. The stem was the ramrod of a
German gun. The handle was the shell of an anti-tank rifle.

Griddle cakes are needed to cheer the tank men and keep their
minds ofif the corps insignia, which depresses them. That elaborate
collar design, which shows a salamander fairly rampant over some-
thing or other, is the subject of more jesting in the tank ranks than
its designers are allowed to suspect.

Of course, each tank — or bug, as the men call their juggernauts —
has some insignia of its own. One company has its turrets gorgeous
with hearts, clubs, spades and diamonds, according to the platoon,
and the drivers can preserve a fair skirmish line in battle by merely
following suit.

TAILOR MAKES GOOD AT IT

Apparently, no calling especially fits a man for service with the
Tank Corps. One tailor has made very good. So has a window
dresser. But what does that prove. Chauffeurs are not especially
in demand. That might surprise you, unless you remember that the
wise cavalry recruiting officer never willingly enlists a cowboy.

A miscellaneous personnel, then, has made good in the Tank Corps.
Made good as fighters, that is, for as parents one brigade, at least,
has proved an abysmal failure. It carries along its own little French
war orphan, who got himself adopted by the simple process of break-
ing loose from an asylum and coming along. He lords it over the
mess sergeant and the adjutant, smokes cigarettes, and behaves in
such a way any one can tell at a glance he was not one of the Stars
and Stripes war orphans.

A cunningly designed attack from the rear was planned by the
French and Americans as the objective of an advance along the Meuse
River, when it became apparent that a general retirement from Bel-
gium and France had been decided upon by the German leaders. With
the necessity of such a course facing them and with fear of defeat as
a result of the constantly pressing offensive, the German Government
renewed overtures for peace. A diplomatic note was received by
President Wilson from the German Chancellor on October 6th, ap-
pealing for an armistice, suggesting that the United States direct the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 589

work of restoring peace, and stating her willingness to accept as a
basis for peace the considerations set forth in President Wilson's
speech to Congress of January 8, 191 8, and in subsequent addresses.
President Wilson did not accept this suggestion without qualifica-
tions. He insisted upon an evacuation of Allied territory before an
armistice could be signed, or until agreements could be reached by
American and Allied military advisers as to terms which would make
impossible the resumption of hostilities by Germany. He further
took occasion to call to the attention of the Imperial German Govern-
ment the following quotation in his address of July 4, 1918: "The
destruction of every arbitrary power anywhere that can separately,
secretly, and of its single choice disturb the peace of the world, or, if
it cannot be presently destroyed, at the least its reduction of virtual
impotence;" reminded them that he viewed the Teutonic military au-
tocracy as such a power; and made known his determination to deal
only with a German Government whose rulers should be representa-
tive of the people.

On November nth, in a status of war which placed the advantage
on the side of the Allies, when German armies operating in Belgium
and France were being defeated by the unified armies of America,
France, Great Britain, and Belgium, envoys from the German Gov-
ernment accepted the terms of the Allies from General Foch in an
agreement for an armistice that meant virtual surrender of Germany
and thus brought to an end a conflict of more than four years, dur-
ing which had been employed the largest forces of men and the great-
est death-dealing contrivances of any war in the world's history.

"HoMMES 40, Chevaux 8"

From "Battery F," A.E.F. Three Hundred thirty-ninth Field
Artillery:

Roll, roll, roll, over the rails of France,

See the world and its map unfurled, five centimes in your pants.

What a noble trip, jolt and jab and jar,

Forty we, with Equipment "C" in one flat-wheeled box car.

We are packed by hand.

Shoved aboard in 'teens.
Pour a little oil on us

And we would be sardines.

590 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Rations ? Oo-la-Ia : and how we love the man

Who learned how to intern our chow in a cold and clammy can

Beans and beef and beans, beef and beans and beef,

Willie raw, he will win the war, take in your belt a reef.

Mess kits flown the coop,

Cups gone up the spout,
Use your thumbs for issue forks.
And pass the bully beef about.

Hit the floor for bunk, six hommes in one homme's place;
It's no fair to the bottom layer to kick 'em up in the face.
Move the Corporal's feet out of my ear ;

Lay oft', sarge, you are much too large, I'm not a bedsack, dear.
Lift my head up please.
From this bag of bread,
Put it on somebody's chest.
Then I'll sleep like the dead.

Roll, roll, roll, yammer and snore and fight.

Traveling zoo the whole day thru and bedlam all the night.

Two days in the cage, going from hither hence;

Willie raw, he will win the war, take in your belt a reef.

Helped Win Army Athletic Honors

Howard T. Torkelson of Sioux Rapids, during his army experience
assisted in bringing an honor to the American army in an activity
rather out of the line of military tactics, yet one in which the Buena
Vista County comrades and friends took just pride. Torkelson par-
ticipated in the inter-allied games as a member of the American 800-
meter relay team (Paddock, Haddock, Torkelson, Teschner) that won
the event at the games and also broke the world's record for the event.
This quartet was hard pressed by the fast Canadian team. The
Buena Vista County member of the team was the recipient of one of
the special medals presented by President Poincare of France.

The inter-allied games took place in the new Pershing Stadium at
Joinville-le-Pont, Paris. The opening excercises were held on June
22d and the games continued daily until July 6th, when General
Pershing and President Poincare of France awarded the medals.
These were the regular Minister of War medals given for extraor-
dinary service, and were only given to athletes who broke records
or performed extraordinary feats.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 591

The following countries took part: England, France, Belgium,
Italy, Portugal, the United States, Czecho-Slovakia, China, Greece,
Roumania, Brazil, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Arabia,
Hedjaz, Servia, Guatemala, and Montenegro.

About 2,000 men took part in the games. General Pershing sent
Colonel Joseph Thompson, a former athletic director in the east, to
the United States to collect a team here to take over there for the
games. As there was no time for tryouts here in America, the coach-
es of the largest institutions and clubs were asked to pick the team
from the best athletes in America. About 500 names were sent in
to the final selection committee that picked the team of forty-eight
men who accompanied Colonel Thompson to Paris, where they joined
the athletes still in France with the Army. The team sent over from
America consisted of boxers, wrestlers, swimmers, tennis players,
weight throwers, jumpers, and runners. All other teams were picked
entirely from the men already in France with the army and marines.

The games were held as a means for binding more closely the Allied
nations and to take the place of the Olympic games that were post-
poned on account of the war.

In the greater part of the games, the American athletes were far
superior to those of other nations as will be seen by looking over the
place winners received in each department of sport. Australia also
made a good showing.

RESULTS OF THE GAMES

Track and Field — First, United States; second, France; third,
Australia; fourth, Belgium; fifth. New Zealand; sixth, Canada.

Boxing — First, United States; second, Australia; third, France;
fourth, Italy.

Swimming — First, United States; second AustraHa; third, France.

Wrestling — First, United States; second Belgium; third, Czecho-
slovakia and France.

Tennis^ Fir St, Australia; second, United States; third, France.

Rugby — France.

Association Football — Czecho-Slovakia.

Base Ball — -United States.

Basket Ball — United States.

Fencing — First, France; second, Italy; third, Portugal.

Horse Riding — First, France; second, Italy.

592 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Rifle and Pistol Shooting — First, United States; second, France;
third, Canada.

Torkelson was captain of the PhilHps Exeter track team of Exeter
College, Exeter, New Hampshire, and in the class of 191 9.

Into the Enemy's Country

Written by Eskil M. Westlin of Albert City.

Soon after arriving in France I was picked out with a group of
other men to go to the cavalry training depot at Autun, to study
methods of trafific control at the front. After six weeks spent there,
and just as we were about ready to go to the front, the armistice was
signed. But my interesting experiences did not stop. With eighty
men I was sent to France for military police duty. For a time we
were assigned to station patrol, looking after men of the A.E.F. who
were constantly passing through Paris. During the two weeks of
the inter-allied race meet the American military police had charge of
all the police work at the immense stadium, a task which we fulfilled
with such skill as to draw forth complimentary mention from the
provost marshal general. We were proud that the Americans walked
away with most of the prizes.

On July 14, 1919, the big national holiday in France, I was on duty
in the Champs Elyses palace which was army headquarters. People
came the night before to get places along the Champs Elyses to view
the parade.

From that time on there was not much military police duty in Paris.
For a time we had charge of a group of prisoners.

About the ist of Augvist our provost marshal general. General
Bandholtze, was ordered to Hungary to head a mission to Budapest
incident to the peace conference. I was one of twenty-four military
police, who, with one field clerk, was designated to escort the General
to Hungary, expecting that we would be gone only a fortnight. We
traveled south through France, going into Switzerland. Because the
latter was a neutral country the regulations stipulated that we should
not pass through in uniform, bu we had no other apparel. Passports
which we were expected to have were never completed because of our
haste, and consequently our party was held up at the border. After
some parley we were permitted to proceed under guard, though not
permitted to leave the train. We had a day's ride through beautiful
snow capped mountains, and at night enjoyed a good rest in a hotel at
Brigg, Switzerland, close to the Italian border. Next morning we
boarded an electric train which passed through a tunnel eighteen kilo-
meters long. Our party passed through interesting points in Italy
and into the small country of Slovacia, and here during a stop of six

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 593

hours found a hot cHmate. At Vienna we enjoyed a dinner which
was the first meal we had had for twenty-four hours, though usually
we had been faring very well. Here we were honored by being grant-
ed a special train consisting of a baggage car and one passenger
coach to carry us to Budapest.

People there did not seem to know who we were. Wearing our
campaign hats with red band, red collar tabs, with belts, side arms,
full packs, and two hundred rounds of ammunition, we formed double
rank and marched through the streets. Crowds rushed out to see vis.
Some in the crowd who could speak American told the others who we
were. Evidently they were glad to see us, and asked if more Ameri-
cans were coming. Roumanians had taken military possession of the
city to protect it from the "Reds," who had raised so much havoc.
The Roumanians, having meagre supplies of their own, had forcibly
taken what they needed to eat and to wear. Every shop was closed,
the soldiers had gone through every shop and left the owners little.
The first impression of the citizens was that we had come to drive out
the Roumanians. For a week we were quartered at the Hotel Bris-
tol, with only such rations as we could gather from a few boxes of
supplies that had been left by the American Red Cross. After that
week we stayed in the quarters of a prince, who had been compelled
to evacuate. Though all the furniture was removed we managed to
have a good bunk apiece and such other conveniences as were neces-
sary, with civilian cooks. General Bandholtze and the officers had
cjuarters across the street, where also was located our mess hall. All
of these were close to the King's palace, where we were on duty.
Guard duty fell to us Americans every fourth day, as there were with
us delegations of British, Italians, and French, each of whom took
turns in guarding the castle where sessions of the peace mission were
held. Duty was lightened by the fact that three of we non-commis-
sioned officers took turns in the work at hand.

We met several people in Budapest who could speak English, some
of whom had visited the States and some in England, all of them peo-
ple who had been interned during the war. They were glad to see
us and all had the same hard luck story to tell of difficulty in getting
anything to eat. Because they had no regular work they got out
early in the morning to rustle something to eat, though it was seldom
little more than a slice of black bread, and then they would fall in line
for a little vegetable soup. This served for all day. We lived on
this bread and soup for a week, with some beans and canned fish
which were secured from the A. R. C. boxes. Then there arrived a
car load of rations for the British and us, consisting of such edibles
as flour, bacon and cocoa. Though the Roumanians were our allies
they did not seem to know an American soldier when they saw him.

594 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

All the people were required to be off the streets at 9:30 p.m. We
had considerable trouble staying out after this hour; some evenings
we would be held up half a dozen times before we would reach our
quarters. One evening, on the way home in a car moving rather
rapidly, and unaware of the presence of guards, we were ordered to
halt. It was impossible to stop quickly, whereupon they loaded their
pieces and came at us with fixed bayonets. After considerable ar-
guing they permitted us to continue on our way. On another even-
ing they fired after vis, presumably to frighten us, but it didn't have
that effect. We stayed to inquire why they had fired and during the
time of the argument a whole group of Roumanian officers and sol-
diers gathered around. After an argument of half an hour we went
our way. Two days later our commanding officers called on all of
us for statements of what occurred.

Then came the order that on September 15th all National Army
men in our detachment should report to Paris to get ready for the
trip home. A car was ordered to carry our equipment, but the day
before we were to go orders came to remain for ten days longer. When
the General finally released twelve of us we had to get passports from
the Roumanians to leave the country. Traveling was difficult. We
were permitted to carry only a small amount of money. On the side
of Hungary our passports were examined, and on tlie opposite side
our personal effects were searched. In Vienna we were detained
from Sunday evening until Tuesday evening because of missing the
inter-allied express from Warsaw to Paris; then on Tuesday evening
they would carry only six of us so I was one of a group detained un-
til Friday evening. Whether on duty or off we carried our side
arms, but never had a suggestion of trouble with either Hungarians
or Austrians.

What Constitutes A Division

A combat division consisted of four regiments of infantry of 3,000
men, with three battalions to regiment and four companies of 250
men each to a battalion, and of an artillery brigade of three regiments,
a machine-gun battalion, an engineer regiment, a trench-mortar bat-
tery, a signal battalion, wagon trains and headciuarter staffs and mili-
tary police. These, with medical and other units, made a total
of over 28,000 men, or practically double the size of a French or Ger-
man division. Each corps would normally consist of six divisions
— four combat and one depot and one replacement division —
and also two regiments of cavalry, and each army from three to five
corps. With four divisions fully trained, a corps could take over an
American sector with two divisions in line and two in reserve, with

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 595

the depot and replacement divisions prepared to fill the gaps in the
ranks.

FIRST DIVISION

The crimson numeral "i" on the left shoulder is the insignia of
the First Division, Regular Army. Its proud claim is, the first di-
vision in France, first at the front, first to make a raid, first to fire
a shot at the Germans, first to attack, first to capture prisoners, first
to inflict casualties, first to sufifer casualties, first to be cited singly in
general orders. Division headquarters arrived in France June 27,
1917. The First was on the Sommeville sector, Anzauville sector,
in the battle of Cantigny, the Soissons operations, the Marne counter-
offensive, on the Sazerais sector, in the St. Mihiel drive, the Argonne-
Meuse ofifensive, operations against Mouzon, south and southwest of
Sedan, and in the march on Coblenz. It captured 165 officers and
6,304 men, advanced about thirty-two miles, had 23,345 casualties
and had Distinguished Service Crosses awarded to 300 of its members.

SECOND DIVISION

The insignia of the Second Division, Regular Army, is an Indian
head in the center of a star on a shield, the colors varying according
to the unit. No particular meaning is attached to this insignia. It
is a device painted by a driver on the side of his truck and chosen as
the division mark. The marine brigade was attached to this divis-
ion. Division headquarters arrived in France October 26, 1917.
The Second Division was active in the Verdun and Toul-Troyan sec-
tors, northwest of Chateau-Thierry. It was in almost continuous
heavy fighting from May 13th to July 9th. Soissons sector, Marne
counter-ofl^ensive, Marbache sector and St. Mihiel drive, Blanc Mont
sector, Champagne advance, and the Argonne Meuse ofifensive. It
captured 228 officers, 11,738 men, 343 pieces of artillery and 1,350
machine guns, advanced thirty-eight miles. It had 25,076 casual-
ties and led all American divisions with 664 members awarded Dis-
tinguished Service Crosses.

THIRD DIVISION

The Third Division, Regular Army, has as its insignia three white
stripes placed diagonally on a square of royal blue. This division
was closely associated with the Twenty-eighth (Iron) Division, the

596 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

former National Guard of Pennsylvania, in the operations in the
Soissons-Rheims pocket. It includes the Seventy-sixth Field Artil-
lery, nearly two-thirds of whose members came from Philadelphia.
The three white stripes represent not only the divisional number
but also the three major operations in which it was engaged, the
Marne, the St. Mihiel and the Argonne-Meuse. Divisional head-
quarters arrived in France April 4, 1918. The blue field is a sym-
bol of those who die, the division having 18,154 casualties. This
includes, of course, killed, wounded, and missing. It captured 31
officers, 2,209 nien, 51 pieces of artillery, and 1,501 machine guns.
It advanced twenty-six miles and had 233 of its members honored
with Distinguished Service Crosses.

FOURTH DIVISION

The insignia of the Fourth Division of the Regular Army consists
of four green leaves of ivy placed on a diamond of olive drab, the
leaves presenting the number of the division. Variations of the in-
signia also show the Roman numeral IV in the center, also the ivy
leaf on each point of the numeral 4. Headquarters of this division
arrived in France May 17, 1918. Its activities included the Marne
counter-offensive, the vicinity of Noroy and Hautesvesnes, the Vesle
sector, St. INIihiel sector in reserve, and the Argonne-Meuse offensive.
The division captured J 2 officers, 2,684 men, 44 pieces of artillery,
and 31 machine guns. Its total front-line advance was twenty-four
and one-half kilometers, about fifteen miles. It had 14,183 casualties.

FIFTH DIVISION
The red diamond in the insignia of the Fifth Division, Regular
Army. It has no special significance. The ace of diamonds was
selected as the division's mark at the suggestion of Colonel Charles
A. Measl. Division headquarters arrived in France May i, 1918.
It fought in the Anoult sector. It was part of Major General Lig-
gett's First Corps, together with the Second, Eighty-second, and Nine-
tieth Divisions. In the smash across the St. Mihiel salient September
I2th, it took its full share of the 16,000 prisoners and 443 guns cap-
tured in this advance. It captured a total of 48 officers, 2,357 "^^n.
98 pieces of artillery, and 802 machine guns. Its total advance on
front lines was twenty-nine kilometers, about eighteen miles. It
suft'ered 9,883 casualties.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 597

SIXTH DIVISION

The Sixth Division of the Regular Army has as its distinguishing
mark a six-pointed star of red cloth with the figure "6" in blue super-
imposed. The Sixth Division arrived in France July 23, igi8. Its
activities included the Argonne-Meuse offensive, where it was First
Army Corps reserve. Enough of the men were in action to give the
division 576 casualties.

SEVENTH DIVISION

The insignia of the Seventh Division of the Regular Army had a
rather ingenious origin. Its consists of two black triangles, their
apexes touching on a red base. It was devised by making a figure
"7" and then placing it over an inverted numeral "7,"prolonging the
diagonal base lines so that the cross of each touches the cross stroke
of the other. Division headquarters reached France August 11,
1918. The Seventh saw action in the Puvenville sector in Lorraine
from October 9th to 29th and in an extension of the same sector to
November nth, when the armistice was signed. It captured one
officer, 68 men, and 28 machine guns, and had a total of 1,818 casual-
ties. Its total front-line advance was three-fourths of a kilometer.

TWENTY-SIXTH DIVISION

A monogram of the letters "YD" of dark blue cloth mounted on a
diamond of khaki cloth, is the insignia of the "Yankee Division"— the
Twenty-sixth Division, composed of New England National Guard.
Division headquarters arrived in France December 5, 1917. The
Twenty-sixth went into action in the Chemin.des-Dames sector and
later its activities included the La Reine and Boucq sector, northwest
of Chateau Thierry, the Marne counter-offensive, Rupt and Eroyon
sectors. The Twenty-sixth was part of the Fifth Corps that pushed
in the west side of the St. Mihiel salient. Later it helped to rout the
Germans out of the Argonne. It captured 61 officers and 3,087 men,
16 pieces of artillery, and 132 machine guns. It had 15,168 casual-
ties and had 229 members honored with Distinguished Service Cross-
es. Its total front-line advance was thirty-seven kilometers, about
twenty-three miles.

TWENTY-SEVENTH DIVISION

The insignia of the Twenty-seventh Division, formerly the National

598 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Guard of New York, is one of the most novel and representative of
all. It is a circle of black with red border with the letters N. Y. D.
(New York Division) worked into a red monogram. Around this
monogram are the seven stars of the constellation Orion, in honor
of Major General John F. O'Ryan, who was the only National Guard,
officer of his rank to go to France. Division headquarters reached
France May lO, 1918. Its activities included the East Poperinghe
line in Belgium; Dickebusch sector, in Belgium; Hindenburg line
operations, St. Souplet sector, the battle for Jonc de Mer bridge and
the St. Maurice River. It captured 65 officers and 2,292 men and
made a total frontal advance of seven miles. It had 11,218 casualties,
1,972 of its men "sleep where poppies bloom." Distinguished Ser-
vice Crosses were awarded to 139.

TWENTY-EIGHTH DIVISION

The men wearing the red keystone come from the Keystone State.
The Twenty-eighth (Iron) Division is made up of National Guard of
Pennsylvania, and the keystone indicates the origin more clearly than
any of the other insignias. Division headquarters arrived in France
May 18, 1918, and the division took a position southeast of Chateau
Thierry sector as reserve of the Fourth Corps, with battle operations
from July 15th to i8th and July 28th to 30th. It was in continuous
heavy fighting from August 7th to September 8th. It also took part
in the Argonne-Meuse ofifensive, as well as in the Thiaucourt sector.
It captured 10 officers and 911 men, 16 pieces of artillery and 63 ma-
chine guns. It lost 16,277 men in killed, wounded, and missing, in-
cluding all reports up to May 15th. Distinguished Service Crosses
were awarded to 58 of its members.

TWENTY-NINTH DIVISION

The Blue and Gray Division, the Twenty-ninth, is composed of Na-
tional Guards of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Co-
lumbia, and Virginia. In this division are united sons of the North
and South, fighting shoulder to shoulder against the common enemy;
hence the name the Blue and Gray Division. Its mark is the Korean
symbol of good luck, a circle bisected by two half circles, reversed and
joined. One-half of the circle is of blue and the other of gray cloth.
The division headquarters arrived in France June 27, 1918. Its'

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 599

activities included the center sector of Haute Alsace and the Grand
Montague sector, north of Verdun. This division captured 2,187
officers and men, 21 pieces of artillery and 250 luachine guns. It
made a total front-line advance of four and one-half miles. Its cas-
ualties amounted to 6,159. Of its members 150 were honored with
the Distinguished Service Cross.

THIRTIETH DIVISION

The thirtieth or Old Hickory Division has an insignia that is high-
ly symbolical, but more of a national figure than a locality. This di-
vision is made up of the National Guards of the Carolinas and Tenn-
essee. Its mark is a monogram in blue of the letters "O" and "11,"
standing for "Old Hickory," the nickname of Andrew Jackson. The
crossbar of the "H" contains the triple "XXX" the Roman numerals
for thirty, the number of the division. The whole is on a maroon
background. Division headquarters reached France May 24, 191 8,
and the division was on the front in the canal sector south of Ypres,
Belgium ; the Guoy Nauroy sector, with battle operations ; the Beau-
revoir sector, with battle operations ; also the Le Chateau sector, with
battle operations. It captured 98 officers, 3,750 men, 81 pieces of
artillery, and 426 machine guns. It advanced about eighteen miles
and sufifered 11,081 casualties and had 133 Distinguished Service
Crosses awarded.

THIRTY-SECOND DIVISION

The Thirty-second Division boasts that it "shot through every line
the Boche put before it." Its emblem, a flying red arrow with a bar
across the middle, carries its point in serving as a sharp reminder of
what it did. This division is made up of the National Guards of
Michigan and Wisconsin. Its headquarters arrived in France Feb-
ruary 20, 1918. It was active on the Alsace front, the Fismes front,
the Soissons front. It fought in the battle of Juvigny, the Argonne-
Meuse offensive at Dun-sur-Meuse and went with the Army of Oc-
cupation. It captured 40 officers and 2,113 nien, 21 pieces of artil-
lery and 190 machine guns. It made a total front-line advance of
thirty-six kilometers, which is about twenty-two miles. Suffered
13,884 casualties; 134 received Distinguished Service Crosses.

6oo HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

TIIIRTY-THIRD DIVISION

A yellow cross on a black circle is the emblem of the Prairie Divis-
ion, the Thirty-third. The cross has long been used to mark the Gov-
ernment equipment and is said to have had a terrifying effect upon
the Philippine natives during the campaigns there. When this divis-
ion, made up of Illinois and West Virginia National Guards assem-
bled its equipment at its Texas training camp, yellow is said to have
been the only paint to be had in the state to mark the equipment.
This led to the adoption of this mark as the divisional insignia. Its
headquarters reached France May 24, 1918. It fought in the Amiens
sector with the Australians, and nineteen of its men received decora-
tions from King George for helping the "Anzacs" capture Hamel,
though uninvited. It captured 65 officers, 3,922 men, 95 big guns,
and 414 machine guns. It advanced thirty-six kilometers, suffered
9,253 casualties, and had the Distinguished Service Cross conferred
on 76 of its members.

THIRTY-FOURTH DIVISION
The Thirty-fourth or Sandstorm Division trained at Camp Cody,
New Mexico, where desert sandstorms were frequent. As its em-
blem it chose the outlines of the Mexican olla, or water bottle, and
the skull of a steer often found bleaching on the desert. The numer-
als 34 and the divisional nickname are often included, although this
is optional. The colors vary according to the unit. This division
was originally made up of the National Guards of Iowa, Minnesota,
Nebraska, and North Dakota, and included a good many Indians.
Later it was filled out with selected men from New Mexico, Colorado,
and Arizona. While waiting at Camp Dix before embarking for
overseas it was filled to strength by the addition of many Eastern
men. Several hundred of its men died during the influenza epidemic
at Dix. Arriving in France, it was made a replacement division and
had no battle operations as a division, although many of its men
fought with other divisions at the front.

THIRTY-FIFTH DIVISION

The National Guards of Missouri and Kansas made up the Thirty-
fifth Division. Its chosen emblem is the Santa Fe cross within two
circles of varying colors, the outer one divided into four arcs. The

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 6oi

design is historical and local, the old Santa Fe trail starting west-
ward near the present Missouri-Kansas line. Division headquarters
arrived in France May ii, 1918. The division got into the fighting
in the north end of the Weserling sector in the Vosges, with Garibal-
di subsector, the Gererdmer subsector, Argonne-Meuse offensive, and
the Somme-Dieu sector. It captured 13 officers and 768 men, 24
pieces of artillery, and 35 machine guns. Its total front-line advance
was twelve and one-half kilometers, which is about eight miles. The
Thirty-fifth had 7,854 casualties reported on the revised list of May
15th.

THIRTY-SIXTH DIVISION

The National Guards of Texas and Oklahoma formed the Thirty-
sixth Division, often called the "Lone Star" Division on account of
the majority being Texans. Its divisional insignia is a cobalt blue
arrowhead, upon which is placed the letter "T," the whole thing on
a khaki circle. The arrowhead signifies Oklahoma, not so many
years ago a part of Indian Territory; while the "T," of course, stands
for Texas. The division trained at Fort Worth and its headquarters
arrived in France July 31, 1918. It fought in the Blanc Mont sec-
tor, north of Semme-Py, in the French Champagne offensive. It
captured 18 officers and 531 men, 9 pieces of artillery and 294 ma-
chine guns. Its total advance on the front line was a distance of
about thirteen miles. It had 2,710 casualties.

THIRTY-SEVENTH DIVISION

A red circle with a white border designates the Buckeye Division,
the Thirty-seventh, composed of National Guard of the Buckeye State,
Ohio. This design is adopted from the state flag of Ohio. Division
headquarters arrived in France June 23, 1918. Its activities includ-
ed the Baccaret sector, the Argonne-Meuse offensive, Pennes, in the
St. Mihiel sector, Lys and the Escaut River in Flanders, and the Syn-
gem sector in Belgium. It captured 26 officers and 1,469 men, 26
pieces of artillery, and zGt, machine guns. Its total advance on front
lines was thirty and two-thirds kilometers, which is about nineteen
miles. It suft'ered 5,923 casualties, wounded, killed, and missing;
these casualty figures being as reported March 8th.

THIRTY-EIGHTH DIVISION
The emblem of the Cyclone Division, the Thirty-eighth, which is a

6o2 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

shield of which the right half is blue and the left half red, necessarily
shows here in red and black. Upon this shield are superimposed the
letters "C" and "Y" in white, the "Y" being placed over the lower
part of the "C." The division is made up of National Guardsmen
from Indiana and Kentucky. Division headquarters arrived in France
October 19, 1918. Overseas it became a replacement division, but
many of the men of its units fought in the front lines when drawn to
replace casualties in the combat divisions.

THIRTY-NINTH DIVISION

The red, white, and black bull's-eye target is the distinguishing
mark of the Bull's-eye Division, the Thirty-ninth, composed of troops
from Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas. This division went to
France under Major General Henry E. Hodges, Jr., and became a de-
pot division, being stationed at St. Florent until the end of November,
1918.

FORTIETH DIVISION

This is known as the Sunshine Division, coming from the South-
west. It is made up of the National Guardsmen of California, Ne-
vada, Utah, Arizona, and Colorado. Its emblem is a blazing sun of
gold on a blue ground. This represents the noonday sun in a blue
sky. Division headquarters arrived in France August 20, 1918. This
division also became a replacement division and sent many of its men
to the front to fight with other combat divisions. Division head-
quarters were stationed at Revigny and St. Dizier at the close of the
war.

FORTY-FIRST DIVISION
From the direction of the setting sun comes the Sunset Division,
from Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Wyoming. The Forty-first
Division headquarters arrived in France January i, 1918. It was
filled out with a good many Eastern men. It was one of the first di-
visions to come home, and some of its main units were demobilized
at Camp Dix. The insignia is a setting sun in gold on a red back-
ground over a wavy blue stripe, representing the sun setting over the
blue waters of the Pacific. The design was originated by a Red
Cross nurse attached to Camp Hospital 26, at St. Aignan-Noyers.

FORTY-SECOND DIVISION

Probably the most famous division in France was the Forty-second,

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 603

or Rainbow Division. It was made up of National Guard units from
twenty-six different states and the District of Columbia. The first
of the National Guard divisions to go to France, it made a gallant
record in many actions. The insignia consists of a parti-colored
quadrant, suggesting part of a rainbow. Division headquarters ar-
rived in France November i, 1917. Its activities included the Dom-
basle-Luneville-St. Clement-Baccarat sector; Souain and Esperance
sector; holding the German push east of Rheims; Trugny and Beu-
vardes in the Marne-Vesle drive; Anzauville, Essey, and Bois de
Pannes in the St. Mihiel salient; south of St. Georges, Landres et
St. Georges-Cote de Chatillon, in the Argonne-Meuse drive ; Autruche
Grandes, Armoises, and Maisoncelle, south of Sedan. It captured
14 ofificers, 1,303 men, 25 big guns, and 495 machine guns. Its total
advance was thirty-four miles. It suffered 16,005 casualties and was
awarded 205 Distinguished Service Crosses.

SEVENTY-SEVENTH DIVISION

Made up mainly of selected men from New York City and the south-
eastern part of New York state, the Seventy-seventh is known as
the Metropolitan Division. It has for its insignia a golden facsimile
of the Statue of Liberty against a blue sky. The division trained
at Camp Upton and division headquarters arrived in France April
13, 1918. It was active in the Baccarat sector, the Fismes-Bazoches
sector on the Vesle front ; La Harazee-Feur de Paris, Fille Morte
lines, the ChampigneuUes line, and also the Aire-Meuse line in the
Argonne-Meuse offensive. The famous "Lost battalion" of the
Three Hundred Eighth Infantry was part of this division. It cap-
tured 13 officers and "jT^y men, 44 pieces of artillery, and 2,2}^ machine
guns. Its casualties amounted to 11,956. Distinguished . Service
Crosses were awarded to 146 of its members.

SEVENTY-EIGHTH DIVISION

The Lightning Division, the Seventy-eighth, was trained at Camp
Dix. Its shoulder insignia is a wide streak shooting from the upper
right hand to the lower left. This division was made up of selected
men from northern and western New York, New Jersey, and Dela-
ware. This was a front-line combat division and fought in the Limey
sector, St. Mihiel front. Grand Pre-St. Junin sector. In the Ar-

6o4 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

gonne-Meuse advance the Lightning fought next to the French on
the west end of the American sector. The Seventy-eighth captured
9 officers, 392 men, 4 or more pieces of artillery, and 43 or more ma-
chine guns. Its total front-line advance was twenty-one kilometers,
or about thirteen miles. The reports to March 8th showed 8,159 cas-
ualties. Ninety-five of its members received Distinguished Service
Crosses.

SEVENTY-NINTH DIVISION

The Liberty or Seventy-ninth Division was made up of men from
eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the District of Columbia and
trained at Camp Meade. It -adopted the name of Liberty Division
with the Liberty Bell as its symbol, but this was changed to a Lor-
raine cross in white on a blue shield. The connection of the emblem
with this division is not quite clear. This cross dates to the fifteenth
century, being adopted by the House of Anjou as a sign of victory
after the defeat of Charles the Bold. Headquarters arrived in France
July 15, 191 8. It saw heavy fighting and in the Argonne-Meuse of-
fensive took Montfaucon, known as the "German Gibraltar." It
was active in the Grand Montagne sector and the heights east of the
Meuse River. Beginning September 26th, it was in action almost
constantly. It captured i officer, 391 men, 32 big guns, 275 machine
guns ; advanced a total of twelve miles ; had 7,590 casualties, and re-
ceived 80 Distinguished Service Crosses.

EIGHTIETH DIVISION

The Eightieth Division of the National Army is known as the Blue
Ridge Division, the men being from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and
West Virginia. Its insignia shows three blue hills, representing the
Blue Ridge mountains, on a shield of olive drab, all outlined in white.
Division headquarters arrived in France May 30, 191 8. Its activities
included Avelup Woods, Arras, St. Mihiel salient and Bethincourt
sector, and the Nantillois sector in the Argonne-Meuse offensive. It
captured 103 officers and 1,710 men, 88 pieces of artillery, and 641
machine guns. Its total front line advance was thirty-seven kilo-
meters, about twenty-three miles. It had 6,763 casualties and the hon-
or of the Distinguished Service Cross was conferred upon 42 of its
members.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 605

EIGHTY-FIRST DIVISION

This division is composed of selected men from the Carolinas, Flori-
da, and Porto Rico. It was blessed with officers who were keen on di-
visional spirit and particularly strong on a snappy salute. They are
credited with originating the system of division insignia, choosing
as their own emblem the wild cat, or "bobcat," the fighting demon
of the Carolina and Tennessee mountains, in a fighting pose. The
cat is in varying colors, according to the different service. This
organization landed in France beginning August 16, 1918, with its
insignia prominently displayed. This and their precise salute attrac-
ted wide attention: The Wildcat Division saw action east of St. Die
and Raon I'Etape sector in the Vosges; Somme-Dieu sector and Ben-
zee-en-Woevre. Its total front-line advance was aboiit three miles.
It had 1,051 casualties and 19 members honored with Distinguished
Service Crosses.

EIGHTY-SECOND DIVISION

The insignia of the letters "AA" in gold braid upon a circle of solid
blue, the whole placed upon a square of red, is that of the Ail-Ameri-
can Division, as the Eighty-second is known. Originally intended
to be made up of selected men from Georgia, Alabama, and Tennes-
see, it is said to have representatives from more states than any
other excepting the Rainbow. It also includes a wide variety of na-
tionalities, religions, and languages. Division headquarters arrived
in France May 27, 1918. It was in battle line in the Lagny sector,
and Marbache sector, at St. Mihiel, Baulney, Charpentery, Fleville,
Chatel-Chehery, and La Viergette sectors in the Argonne-Meuse of-
fensive. It captured 18 officers and 827 men, 11 pieces of artillery,
and 311 machine guns. It advanced a total of ten and one-half miles
and had a total of 8,228 casualties. Three hundred and forty of its
members were awarded Distinguished Service Crosses.

EIGHTY-SEVENTH DIVISION

The Acorn Division, as the Eighty-seventh is known, is made up of
selected men from Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. It trained
at Camp Pike, near Little Rock, Arkansas. Its insignia is an acorn
of brown cloth on a green circle. Divisional headquarters arrived

6o6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

in France September 14, 1918, and the division was engaged in con-
struction work at Pons-Saintes. It was on its way to the front when
the armistice was signed.

EIGHTY-EIGHTH DIVISION

Selected men from North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Ilhnois
formed the Eighty-eighth Division. The insignia is a design evolved
from two figure "8s" crossed at right angles, forming a quatrefoil.
In this way it represents not only the number of the division, but by
its four leaves also the four states are included. Division headquar-
ters arrived in France August 16, 1918, and the activities of the di-
vision included the center of Haute- Alsace. It had 90 casualties.

EIGHTY-NINTH DIVISION

The Middle West Division is the name given to the Eighty-ninth,
made up of selected men from Kansas, Missouri, and Colorado. Its
insignia is the letter "W" in dark blue, surrounded by a circle of dark
blue piping. The type of the "W" is such that, inverted, it looks
like the letter "M," combining the two initials for the name Middle
West. The "W" is also indicative for the names of the first three
major generals who commanded the division, Leonard Wood, Frank
L. Winn, and William M. Wright. Division headquarters reached
France, June 21, 1918. It fought in the sector northwest of Toul,
in the St. Mihiel salient, the sector from Etang de la Chausse to the
Bois de Bonvaux, and the Argonne-Meuse drive. It captured 192
officers, 4,869 men, 127 pieces of artillery, and 455 machine guns. Al-
together, it advanced about twenty-three miles. Its casualties amount-
ed to 8,813.

NINETIETH DIVISION

The Alamo Division, as the Ninetieth is sometimes known, is made
up of selected men from Texas and Oklahoma. Its insignia is a red
monogram of the letter "T" and "O," the initials of the two states.
Division headquarters arrived in France June 23, 1918. The activi-
ties of the division included the Sazerais-Hays-Luneville sector, the
St. Mihiel salient operations, and the Argonne-Meuse ofifensive. It
captured 32 officers and 1,844 men, 42 pieces of artillery, and 230 ma-
chine guns. Its total front-line advance was twenty-eight and one-
half kilometers, about eighteen miles. Its list of casualties is 8,010.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 607

NINETY-FIRST DIVISION

This division consists of selected men from Alaska, Washington,
Oregon, CaHfornia, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Montana, and Utah.
It is known as the Wild West Division and had as its insignia a green
fir tree. Division headquarters arrived in France July 12, 191 8.
The Wild West men saw action in the Argonne-Meuse offensive and
west of the Escaut River in Belgium. The division captured 12 offi-
cers and 2,400 men, 33 pieces of artillery, and 471 machine guns. Its
total front-line advance was thirty-four kilometers, which is about
twenty-one miles. Its casualties were 6,496.

NINETY-SECOND DIVISION

The Ninety-second Division is composed of colored troops and is
known as the Buft'alo Division, so called because, it is said, the In-
dians called colored soldiers '"buffaloes." Its insignia is, naturally,
a buffalo "rampant." The colors vary according to the arm of ser-
vice. Division headquarters arrived in France June 19, 191 8. Its
activities included the St. Die sector in the Vosges, the Argonne-
Meuse offensive, and the Marbache sector. Its total front-line ad-
vance was eight kilos, or about five miles. Casualties amounted to
1,680.

A Washington dispatch of November 11, 1919, gave the informa-
tion that in the midst of the celebration of the anniversary of the sign-
ing of the armistice, the tragedy of war again was emphasized by an-
nouncement of a revised list of American casualties showing a total
of 293,089. The list includes 34,625 killed in action, including 382
lost at sea; died of wounds, 13,955; died of disease, 23,692; died of
accident and other causes, 5,326; wounded in action, 215,489; missing
in action, 2}

1 It was the intention of the publisher to give the names of the men of Buena Vista
County who had taken part in the various battles, following the story of each battle, but it
was found that a few of the records were not entirely clear as to participation in battles so
rather than give only a partial list we have not included any of the names.

THE PART OF THE NAVY IN THE WAR

The greater part of the sea work of this war had been largely in-
visible to the general public. It was kept so for sound strategic rea-
sons. Its failures rather than its successes have been revealed at the
time. But it will become evident when the whole story shall be told
that the superiority of the free nations in sea power was the decisive
factor in foiling the Hunnish plot to rule and enslave the world.
When the war began among the European countries the British navy
was, nearly two to one, the most powerful on the seas. And it was
ready as only the German war machine was ready on land. While
it was admirably supplemented by the fleets of France and Italy, and
in the last two years of the war by that of the United States, upon it
fell the whole of one of the three great sea tasks of the war, and the
heavier part of the other two.

The tasks were : ( i ) Clearing the oceans of the German cruisers ;
(2) the blockade of Germany, including the paralysis of the German
high seas fleet; (3) guarding the transport of troops and supplies,
including the battle with the German submarines and mines.

Within twenty-four hours after the declaration of war Admiral
Sir John Jellicoe was at sea with the British Grand Fleet and the
blockade lid was set upon the German outlets to the oceans. The
story of the more than fifty months' ceaseless watch of the North
Sea must have a prominent place in the tale of the hunting of the
Hun from all the outer waters of the world.

The blockade had not only to bar the English Channel and keep
safe the ferry to France, but also to cover the sub- Arctic waters north
of the British Islands and up to Iceland. How effective it was may
be judged from the fact that after the first week of the war the only
supplies that came into Germany from overseas were smuggled
through Holland or Italy, Denmark or Sweden. The German fleet
could stand ofif the Russian in the Baltic and keep that traffic open,
but that was all.

The French fleets in the Mediterranean, aided by the Italians after
the first 3'ear, were equally efficient in their work. Austria had a

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 609

considerable naval force of modern ships, but it never got out of the
Adriatic except under the surface. Austrian and German submarines
committed their share of atrocities in the Mediterranean, aided by the
treachery of the Greek Government until King Constantine was ex-
pelled from the throne, but the Hun battleships never but once dared
a standup fight with their foes. With all the Kaiser's claims to his
people, he did not claim that the British blockade was ended. It con-
tinued, and more stringent than ever. And, strange to relate, im-
mediately after the engagement it became "inconvenient" to permit
even the most patriotic Germans to gaze upon their "victorious" fleet.
For months afterwards no civilian was permitted in the great naval
port of Wilhemshaven. Until the end of the war the German fleet
remained in port.

The first summer of the war proved that the torpedo, plus the sub-
marine, must be seriously reckoned with. The lesson was promptly
learned that submarine infested waters must be patrolled by small
and swift vessels, and that there could be no humane slowing up for
rescue. The third great naval task of the war was dealing with the
submarine. Its invention is contested between the Englishman Day
and the American Bushnell. Day was drowned by his in 1774 and
Bushnell made unsuccessful attacks with his upon British vessels dur-
ing our War of Independence. Holland, an American, first made it
practical. To the Hun was reserved the distinction of making it the
synonym for wanton murder of the innocent. For a thousand years
at least, the German, in every land, when he dares to boast of "civil-
zation," must expect as a blow in the face the word "Lusitania."

Curbing the Submarine

When the war began the submarine was unproved as a war weapon.
After its first successes against the British cruisers it had none of
moment save those which the common consent of mankind outside of
"kultured" Germany has adjudged piratical. It warred with success
only upon the weak and defenseless. Its assigned role in the Hun
scheme of world conquest was to starve out England. It failed and
worse than failed.

The U-boat "f rightfulness" convinced the American people that there
could be no safety for any nation anywhere on earth vmtil the Hun
was smashed. While it would be unwarranted boasting to say that

6io HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

without the aid of the United States the free nations of Europe must
have lost and the Hun must have won — Germany was never in sight
of real victory while the British navy held the seas — ^yet it is evi-
dent that the participation of the United States shortened the war and
saved the allies from anything in the nature of a compromise with
the Hun.

For military reasons all the measures taken in dealing with the sub-
marine have not yet been revealed. As usual, necessity quickened in-
vention. It was discovered that airplanes flying over the seas could
locate submarines under the surface. The seagull in its search for
food betrayed them. They were entangled in nets swept between two
vessels over their suspected lurking places. It is said that great steel
nets barred against them the British Channel entrance to the Atlantic,
and drawn across the straits of Otranto confined them to the Adriatic.
Apparently helpless fireighters with concealed guns and bombs enticed
them to destruction. As they could move only slowly under water,
the American invention of the depth bomb aided their destruction.
British ship yards built as never before to replace the losses they
caused.

The .American Navy in the War

Slow in arising to the truth that the Hun must be finally smashed
on land in Europe, the United States had no great army prepared
when on Good Friday, 191 7, its government resolved the Hun out-
rages and insults could no longer be endured. But its navy was
ready. In size it stood only fourth or fifth, but in efficiency its was
second to none. No American will soon forget the thrill of pride he
felt when the word came back from England that the first destroyer
fleet had arrived, and the answer given to the inquiry, "When can
you put to sea?"

Admiral Sims's answer was, "Now." After threshing through
3,000 miles of sea his destroyers were ready to go out and fight.

Henry E. Reese of Alta, in the following gives an interesting ac-
count of the participation of some of our ships with the Grand Fleet:

At Historic Scapa Flow

On November 25, 1917, the Wyoming, in company with three other
U. S. battleships, steamed out of Hampton Roads, so far as the crew
knew, under sealed orders. We weren't at all sure where we were

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 6ii

going; we were far from positive we would ever get there, and we
didn't know what we would be up against if we did arrive. But half
way over it came out that we were headed for Scapa Flow, that mys-
tery base in the Orkney Islands, and the idea of a winter in the lati-
tude of 59° north didn't appeal strongly to the most of us. We were
soon informed, however, that Scapa was much warmer than New
York in winter and cooler all summer — but there was no doubt about
the darkness and storm.

The trip was far from being pleasant, as we had six days of ex-
tremely rough and stormy weather. Reports from the /navigator
showed that in two days we did not gain five miles. We were sepa-
rated from the other ships and could not communicate with them, for
our wireless had been carried completely away. As the seas became
calmer this was repaired and the ships were finally reassembled the
day before we entered the war zone. The morning of the twelfth
day out brought us in contact with British destroyers which led us
past northermost Scotland, through Pentland and Firth into Scapa
Flow, where we found a warm welcome from the mightiest of all
naval forces, the British Grand Fleet. From there the Battleship Di-
vision 9, U. S. Atlantic Fleet, became Sixth Battle Squadron, Grand
Fleet, and we were in the war at last.

Ten days at Scapa and we moved to Rosyth, England, with the
British Fifth Battle Squadron — twenty-five knot, oil-burning bat-
tleships of the Queen Elizabeth class, all veterans of Jutland, the corri-
mander-in-chief himself leading us down. We made the 300 miles at
eighteen knots, which is not remarkable, but so did a flotilla of sub-
marines— and that made us take notice.

At Rosyth we were given liberties to Edinburgh, Lieth, and several
smaller towns, but liberties were short, for the fleet was under a con-
stant notice for four hours' steaming orders, and if the Germans had
been reported out from their base the orders would have been cut down
to two hours or less, and that meant no liberty at all.

About the middle of January we returned to the storm and gloom
of Scapa, where we began our turn at convoy duty, escorting mer-
chant ships to and from Norway. They would usually send fifty or
sixty ships in each convoy. These trips gave us new ideas in endur-
ance and discomfort — standing watches of four on and four ofl^, zig-
zagging steadily at eighteen knots; fog, storm, and the North Sea,
plus a big coaling the instant we got back to the base.

There were very few hours of daylight here and the Germans used
this to advantage by coming from their base under cover of the dark-
ness to attack convoys and patrols, so it kept the fleet on the job day
and night. We encountered U-boats only on two trips all during the

6i2 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

summer, and though a good many shots were fired no one was certain
as to their effect.

In April we went into dock at New Castle-on-Tyne, England, and
after five months of restrictions on board ship a leave seemed mighty '
good to all of us. After a fifteen-day repair period we again moved
to Scapa for full-charge mail-battery target practice. We were given
a new game here — convoying the U. S. mine layers, planting that
great mine barrage across the North Sea. Again there were hopes
to tempt the enemy out, but the world knows there was only one time
when we ever saw the Hun ships.

We did have just a little excitement one night in October. We
were at Scapa for a twelve-inch practice, and in addition to the Sixth
Battle Squadron there were a few British light cruisers and four old
battle cruisers of the New Zealand class. There was wild haste to
get to sea, when the message came from patrols saying: "Enemy
ships heading for Pentland Firth at high speed, trying to escape into
Atlantic to raid shipping."

Battle stations were manned at 2 a.m., and no sleep for anyone the
rest of the night. Daylight found us in the Atlantic searching — and
every one hoping for a chance to justify his existence as a fighter.
The raiders were never found. After that the war sort of flickered
away until it finally went out altogether.

Armistice night was like a college football celebration in the fleet.
King George reviewed the fleet and went aboard the American ships.

Then at last we did meet the High Seas Fleet — on surrender day
— and escorted it into the Firth of Forth. That ended the war as
far as we were concerned. The censors laid off; rumors of going
home worked day and night with a great deal of help from official
sources. Many suggested plans died yovmg, but finally after a fare-
well party given by the Grand Fleet we left Rosyth for good. We
steamed into Portland, England, to grant leave, and here Admiral
Sims came aboard with his staff.

On December 13th we arrived off the coast of France, met the
George Washington with President Wilson aboard, and escorted him
into the harbor of Brest. We did not stay here long, but carried
Admiral Sims and Mr. Davis (the American ambassador to Great
Britain) back to Plymouth. Here we coaled to capacity and on the
evening of the 14th steamed out of the bay, every one happv at the
thought of being homeward bound after more than a 3'ear in Euro-
pean waters.

Teamwork At Home and Abroad

Teamwork had been the navy's slogan for five years, and its per-
fect operation has given proof of the wisdom of the insistence upon

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 613

the whole organization working in harmony with a common spirit.,
Thoroughly imbued with this principle in time of peace, the navy,
during the great war, has given a shining demonstration of its capa-
city for the teamwork so essential to victory.

Throughout its enormous expansion since the beginning of the war,
the enlarged naval force has kept this vital factor always in mind.
The navy at home has shown its capacity for teamwork in cooperating
with the army, the war industries board, and the many other govern-
mental activities already established and the new ones wisely created
for the successful prosecution of the war. Abroad, the American
navv has given a demonstration, which can be characterized only as
wonderful in its readiness to join with our associates in teamwork for
the common end and the common good.

The outstanding accomplishment of the navy abroad in this war,
outside of rigorous and valorous service in the danger zone, has been
the character and degree of cooperation and practical consolidation
for the time being of our service with those services with which we
have been associated. The navy, beginning with the arrival of the
first ship abroad, has stood out for unity of command, even though
this in some instances involved sacrificing temporarily something of
our identity as an independent service. This was not an easy task.
It is believed to be a safe statement that the degree of accomplishment
of our service in this respect is without precedent in allied warfare.

Seventy-five Thousand Men Overseas

War was declared on April 6, 19 17. On the 4th of May a detach-
ment of destroyers was in European waters. By January i, 1918,
there were 113 United States naval ships across, and in October, 1918,
the total had reached 338 ships of all classes. At the end of the war
there were 5,000 officers and 70,000 enlisted men of the United States
navy serving in Europe, this total being greater than the full strength
of the navy when the Uniled States entered the war.

As an illustration of the work done by the United States naval ves-
sels in the war zone, our ships steamed 626,000 miles per month. This
does not include troop ships, transports, cargo carriers, or miscellane-
ous merchant vessels flying the American flag, constantly plying
through the war zone. Nor does it include cruisers or battleships
engaged in overseas escort duties.

6i4 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The destroyers upon their first arrival were based on Queenstown
which was the base of the operations of these fast fighters of the sub-
marines during the war. Every facihty possible was provided for the
comfort and recreation of the officers and men engaged in this most
rigorous service.

More than 2,000,000 Troops Carried Overseas

American and British ships have carried over 2,000,000 American
troops overseas. The United States did not possess enough ships to
carry over our troops as rapidly as they were ready to sail or as quick-
ly as they were needed in France. Great Britain furnished, under
contract with the War Department, many ships and safely transport-
ed many American troops. A few troops were carried over by other
allied ships. The actual number transported in British ships was
more than a million.

Difficulties of Convoy

That it was difficult to always maintain unity of convoy travel is
shown in the story of Corporal George C. Barnes of Providence Town-
ship, who wrote as follows concerning his trip overseas:

On the night of May 11, 1918, we put to sea from New York har-
bor with a large convoy, but after being at sea four days engine
trouble developed, so the commander of the convoy gave our ship
orders to return to Halifax, Novia Scotia. After getting such re-
pairs as were necessary we put to sea again with another convoy, and
this time succeeded in making our destination. But we had plenty
of excitement. On June 2d we were attacked twice by submarines,
but thanks to the good work of the destroyers the entire convoy made
the trip in safety, and we landed at London.

In addition to duty performed by destroyers and other escorting
vessels, the extensive naval activities of our battleships with the Brit-
ish Grand Fleet, mining units, patrol units, submarine hunting, mine
sweeping, salvage, etc., were many and varied.

When the submarine chaser flotillas were sent overseas it was de-
cided to route them via the Bermudas and the Azores in order to get
them across materially fit and with the personnel in fighting trim.
Having formulated the plan of getting our chasers across it was nec-
essary to secure for them certain base facilities on the way over. To
that end negotiations were entered into with the Portugese whereby

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 615

we received from them the use of a temporary base at Pont Delgada
in the Azores.

The coal used by the American Expeditionary Forces in France
was carried to that country in vessels largely officered and manned
by the navy.

The destruction of tankers carrying oil to our own ships and the
British fleet in the North Sea gave much anxiety, and in order to
avert the submarine menace in sending the tankers around the north
of Scotland it was determined by the American and British navy to
build a pipe line across Scotland. Our naval experts undertook the
big task, and thereby reduced the distance and danger of supplying
the fleet with oil.

In order to efficiently cooperate with our allies, United States naval
port officers have been stationed at twenty of the principal seaports
of Great Britain, France, and Italy. Fifteen naval bases were es-
tablished.

In connection with aviation, two repair and assembly bases, 4 kite
balloon stations, 18 seaplane stations, 5 bombing plane stations, and 3
dirigible stations have been estaljlished and manned with navy per-
sonnel, which includes 624 officers, 97 observers, and over 15,000 en-
listed men.

More than 50,000 American mines were laid in strategical areas
in European waters. The navy took part in and actually laid eighty
per cent of the great mine barrage, 230 miles long, from Scotland to
Norway. A total of 56,439 mines have been laid, all of which were
designed and manufactured by the United States and transported and
laid by the United States navy. The total personnel engaged in min-
ing activity alone was upward of 6,700 men.

Distinguished naval officers of allied nations regarded the presence
of the Atlantic Fleet, fit and ready, 3,000 miles from the seat of war,
as one of the most potential factors in the naval strength.

Operations — At FIome and Abroad

The operations of our navy during the World War have covered the
widest scope in its history. Our naval forces have operated in Eu-
ropean waters, from the Mediterranean to the White Sea. At Corfu,
Gibraltar, along the French Bay of Biscay ports, at the English Chan-
nel ports, on the Irish coast, in the North Sea, at Murmansk and

6i6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Archangel, our naval forces were stationed and did creditable work.
Their performance will probably form the most interesting and ex-
citing portion of the naval history of this war, and it is the duty
which has been most eagerly sought by all of the personnel, but owing
to the character of the operations which our navy has been called to
take part in, it has not been possible for all of our naval forces, much
as they desired it, to engage in operations at the front, and a large
part of our work has been conducted quietly but none the less eiTec-
tively in other areas. This service, while not so brilliant, has still
been necessary, and without it our forces at the front could not have
carried on the successful campaign that they did.

Naval Engagement at Durazzo'
Edgar H. Benson, radio operator on the U.S.S. Chaser 215, tells
below of this engagement :

On the morning of October 2, 1918, and for the first time in the
world, American ships fought in the Adriatic. The whole Italian
fleet, aided by American submarine chasers and French and British
destroyers, bombarded the harbor and town of Durazzo, Albania.

The principal work of the submarine chasers was to protect the
larger craft from submarines.

About 10:30 a.m. a submarine was sighted by the U.S. Submarine
Chaser 215. At approximately the same time another one was sight-
ed by another chaser in the unit (three chasers being a unit). These
were attacked and sunk by depth bombs.

At 12:30 the shore batteries were silenced and the fleet steamed
homeward. Behind, the Austrian sea base was nothing but a heap
of smoking ruins ; its port a cemetery of sunken ships.

On the land, marines and sailors have helped to hold strategic
points, regiments of marines have shared with the magnificent army
their part of the hard earned victory, a wonderfully trained gun crew
of sailors have manned the monster fourteen-inch guns which marked
a new departure in land warfare. In diplomacy, in investigation at
home and in all parts of the world by naval officers and civilian
agents, in protecting plants and labor from spies and enemies, in pro-
moting new industrial organizations and enlarging older ones to meet
war needs, in stimulating production of needed naval craft — these
are some of the outstanding operations which marked the heroic
year of accomplishment.

1 Edgar H. Benson received an Italian citation for his part in ttic above engagement.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 617

Submarines

Thomas B. Patten of Alta writes that he was in the gun crew on
the S.S.Huah Jah, a Chinese ship of the U.S.A.T.C. He adds: "We
had four different fights, got two of the U boats. We had a 6 in. 50
and a 6 pounder. Got one in eleven shots. I made six trips on the
Huah Jah."

Naval Operating Forces — Fighting Craet

The employment of the fighting craft of the navy may be summed
up as follows :

1. The escorting of troop and cargo convoys and other special
vessels.

2. The carrying out of offensive and defensive measures against
enemy submarines in the western Atlantic.

3. The assignment to duty and the dispatch abroad of navy ves-
sels for operations in the war zone in conjunction with the naval
forces of our allies.

4. The assignment to duty and operation of naval vessels to in-
crease the force in home waters.

5. The dispatch abroad of miscellaneous craft for the army and
the protection of these craft enroute.

6. The protection of vessels engaged in the coastwise trade.

7. The salvaging and assisting of vessels in distress, whether from
maritime causes or from the operations of the enemy.

8. Protection of oil supplies from the Gulf.

As enemy activity has been confined principally to the North At-
lantic and European waters, it necessitated the concentration of our
purely naval forces in these waters.

Naval Overseas Transportation Service

On January 9, 1918, the naval overseas transportation service was
established, owing to the foreseen necessity to expeditiously supply
the naval forces in foreign waters and to assist the army if necessary
with their tremendous task of trans])orting and supplying the Ameri-
can Expeditionary Forces in France. This organization sprang into
being almost over night.

At the outbreak of the war the lack of an American merchant ma-

6i8 HONOR ROLL OP BUENA VISTA COUNTY

rine was immediately felt. The United States Shipping Board was
authorized, and the vast task of creating a merchant marine was un-
dertaken. The United States was without a sufficiently large trained
merchant marine personnel, as the seagoing population of this coun-
try was small compared to that which followed the pursuits on shore.
The naval overseas transportation service grew in ten months to a
fleet of 321 cargo-carrying ships, aggregating a dead- weight tonnage
of 2,800,000, and numerically, nearly equal the combined Cunard,
Hamburg-American, and North German Lloyd lines at the outbreak
of the war. This vast fleet of cargo vessels was officered and man-
ned through enrollment of the seagoing personnel of the American
merchant marine, officers and men of the United States navy, and the
assignment after training of graduates of technical schools and train-
ing stations, developed by the navy after the United States entered
the war.

Anti-Submarine Devices

The Navy Department of the government was keenly appreciative
of the necessity of employing every effort to develop devices witih
which to combat the enemy's submarine operations. An experimental
station was established at New London, Connecticut, and many
scientists of unusual attainments were assembled there in connection
with the experiments and development of devices for detecting sub-
marines. The naval activities at New London embrace also a sta-
tion for assembling and installing various devices developed and
training the personnel for the efficient employment of such devices
afloat.

Naval Communication Service

The scope of the duties of the naval communication service were
greatly enlarged to provide an efficient, workable system for hand-
ling all communications with men-of-war, to provide the necessary
codes and ciphers to insure secrecy, and to promulgate regulations to
insure the proper receipt of orders by all vessels of the navy. This
service placed all radio communication with merchant vessels in the
Atlantic Ocean, the Carribean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico upon a
military basis. The expansion of the code and signal section has
necessarily been great. This section not only supplies men-of-war
but all merchant ships in the Atlantic with codes and ciphers.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 619

Growth of Radio System

The navy operated all coastal and high-power radio stations after
the start of the war. The high-power radio service of the navy made
great progress during the year. On the Atlantic Coast the navy com-
pleted its new high-power station at Annapolis, Maryland, in addi-
tion to those already in service. At the end of the war it was possible
to transmit messages simultaneously from four high-power radio sta-
tions to European stations and at the same time receive dispatches
from several European stations.

The naval communication service cooperated with the State Depart-
ment and the committee on public information in the broadcasting of
information of advantage to the United States to all parts of the
world by high-power radio. An interesting part of this service was
the transmission each night of a news dispatch entitled "Home stuff."
This included short news items from many American cities. The
dispatch was received simultaneously in France and England, and
was posted in all Y.M.C.A. huts and other places where our men in
foreign service congregated.

Censorship of the cables was efficiently conducted by a well coor-
dinated organization, whose officers and men attacked a difficult task
with ability and zeal.

The exigencies of war imposed new and important duties upon the
office of naval intelligence. During the war its duties abroad in-
creased many fold ; at home it did a most important work in protect-
ing naval and other plants making war material, preventing sabot-
age, and in keeping an eye on alien enemies or others with a destruct-
ive propensity. A staff of vigilant and discreet confidential officers
and civilians was on the alert to ferret out spies and other dan-
gerous characters and secure their arrest. The guarding of our
ships while in port and the guarding against the danger from enemy
agents among the passengers and crews on both our trans-Atlantic
and coastwise ships were largely performed by the office of naval
intelligence.

Big Transport Fleet Had to be Created

At the time of the declaration of war by the United States the mil-
itary situation was such that safe transportation across the Atlantic
of troops and supplies had become a problem of pressing importance.

620 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Previous to 1914 the idea of a United States overseas expeditionary
force numbered by millions would have been generally regarded as a
remote if not impossible contingency. Consequently, no extensive
peace-tmie preparations had been made for such an undertaking.
The task of providing a transport fleet was, therefore, a pioneer work.
Ships had to be obtained, officers and crews provided. Also it was
necessary to provide docks, storehouses, lighters and tugs, coaling
equipment, repair facilities, and all the varied machinery for operat-
ing and maintaining a large transportation service. An efficient ad-
ministrative organization had to be developed.

The successful development of anti-submarine tactics in the Atlan-
tic is an achievement of the United States navy. In this work the
cruiser and transport force cooperated with the destroyers, converted
yachts, and other anti-submarine craft on duty in the east Atlantic.

Strategy required the cruiser and transport service force to operate
with utmost secrecy. Convoy duty was not spectacular, but it de-
manded endurance, constant vigilance, and devotion to duty of the
highest order under circumstances of the most trying and arduous
nature. After the first of November, 191 7, there were 289 sailings
of naval transports from American ports. In these operations of the
cruiser and transport force of the Atlantic Fleet not one eastbound
transport was torpedoed or damaged by the enemy, and only three
sunk on the return voyage.

. Naval Losses Caused by Submarine

After this country entered the war practically all the enemy's naval
forces, except the submarines, were blockaded in his ports by the naval
forces of the allies, and there was no opportunity for naval engage-
ments of a major character. The enemy's submarines, however,
formed a continual menace to the safety of all our transports and ship-
ping, necessitating the use of every effective means and the utmost
vigilance for the protection of our vessels. Concentrated attack was
made by enemy U-boats on the ships which carried the first contin-
gent of our troops to Europe, and all that went after faced this liability
to attack. Not one American ship, as was previously stated, was
torpedoed on the way to France, and but three, the Antilles, the Presi-
dent Lincoln, and the Covington, were sunk on return voyage.

Only three fighting ships have been lost as a result of enemy action

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 621

— the patrol ship Alceclo, a converted yacht, sunk off the coast of
France November 5, 191 7; the torpedo-boat destroyer Jacob Jones,
sunk off the British coast December 6, 1917; and the cruiser San Di-
ego, sunk near Fire Island, off the New York coast, on July 19, 1918,
by striking a mine supposedly set adrift by a German submarine. The
transport Finland and the destroyer Cassin, which were torpedoed,
reached port and were soon repaired and placed back in service. The
transport Mount Vernon, struck by a torpedo on September 5, 1918,
proceeded to port under its own steam, and was repaired.

The most serious loss of life due to enemy activity was the loss of
the coast-guard cutter Tampa, with all on board, in Bristol Channel,
England, on the night of September 26, 1918. The Tampa, which
was doing escort duty, had gone ahead of the convoy. Vessels fol-
lowing heard an explosion, but when they reached the vicinity there
were only bits of floating wreckage to show where the ship had gone
clown. Not one of the 1 1 1 officers and men of her crew were rescued ;
and though it is believed she was sunk by a torpedo from an enemy
submarine, the exact manner in which the vessel met its fate may nev-
er be known.

Loss OF THE Collier "Cyclops"

There has been no more baffling mystery in the annals of the navy
than the disappearance in March, 1918, of the U.S.S. Cyclops, navy
collier of 19,000 tons displacement, with all on board. Loaded w^th
a cargo of manganese, with 57 passengers, 20 officers, and a crew of
213 on board, the collier was due in port on March 13th. On March
4th the Cyclops reported at Barbados, British West Indies, where she
put in for bunker coal. Since her departure from that port there has
not been found a single trace of the vessel.

BURNING OF THE OPHIR

Written by Lael DeLand, of Storm Lake.

October 18, 1918, I received orders for duty on the U.S.S. Ophir,
a former Dutch ship, previously used as a combination transport and
cargo ship, but for the trip I shall relate she was used for cargo only.
Hardly had the tugs left us at the mouth of the Hudson, ready to put
to sea, when the steering gear broke down. We were towed back and
lay at anchor for three da3's in repair. We put to sea for the second
time October 24th, with a crew of 128 instead of 160, and twenty offi-
cers instead of twenty-three. Just outside the harbor we joined a

622 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

convoy of fifty-three ships. Ahnost the entire day was spent by each
ship maneuvering to gain her assigned convoy position, and that even-
ing we got under way in column six deep and nine wide. Through-
out the day submarine chasers and destroyers, aeroplanes, observation
balloons, and large dirigible balloons played an important part guid-
ing the millions of dollars this convoy represented. In the afternoon
warnings were received of a submarine operating dead ahead of where
we were to go. That night about lo o'clock I was awakened by a
most terrible crash and quivering of the ship. Everyone rushed to
the boat deck, thoroughly expecting to return to New York in life-
boats, but it was soon found that the ship was taking no water and
that she was secure. We had rammed something; that was certain;
but what it was will always remain one of the mysteries of the sea,
although it is the general opinion we had rammed the submarine
which had two oil tankers to its credit for that day.

The evening of the second day, the Santa Cecilia, Pedro Galvi, Ed-
ward Luckenbach, and ourselves left the large convoy and struck out
south'ard for the Mediterranean Sea. The rest of the convoy was
bound for the Bay of Biscay. You may imagine the state of mind
our crew were in on this ship, with her holds filled with 130,000 gal-
lons of high test gasoline, 60,000 gallons of oil, barrel upon barrel of
trench gas compounds, aside from 200 rounds of ammunition in the
fore part of the ship for the four-inch gun, 200 rounds of ammunition
aft for the six-inch gun, and 1200 pounds of TNT for depth mine
charges, stowed over the bulk of the gasoline. In addition to this
were fourteen auto trucks and 175 bales of army clothing stowed with
the oil. Can you imagine a cargo of anything more likely to make an
undertaker smile? But at this time it was surprising to find how
light everybody made of our danger. A man with a life preserver
was ridiculed because if a torpedo should hit this hellish cargo, what
good would a life preserver be? We slept in our clothing, except for
shoes and coats. For sixteen days I was in my clothes day and night.
Every ship steamed in total darkness. Not only did we sviffer the
discomfort of sleeping in our clothing, but we had to endure a stuffy
room with no ventilation.

The Ophir was the flagship of the four vessels, which gave her ab-
solute command over the others. The fourth day out, four more of
the officers and thirteen of the crew were all sick with the "flu," and
no doctor aboard. The Saint Cecilia was rolling very heavily because
her cargo had shifted. This necessitated the other ships to slow
down and remain with her. The rendezvous in our orders required
certain danger zones to be passed on definite days at certain times of
the day, but because of the Cecilia slowing us all down, to follow the
rendezvous would be impossible. Everything was going wrong.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 623

Hardly a day passed that the alarm for submarines was not sound-
ed two or three times. But each calami had been false. Things be-
gan to look a little brighter until one morning, at 6:45, the alarm was
turned in. We all went to our stations. (I was in charge of the six-
inch gun on the poop deck, and my gun crew already had five subs to
their credit when I came aboard. ) It seemed a whale had been sight-
ed, but its spouting did not appear entirely natural and it continued
to come in the general direction toward the four ships. Hardly was
it abreast of us when a torpedo was seen whizzing through the water,
but missed us completely. The other three ships struck out in as
many directions; we hauled hard to starboard, bringing the sub di-
rectly over our stern. The four-inch gun forward by this time had
put in a shot, but now everything depended upon our speed against the
subs and the accuracy of the six-inch gun crew. By this time the
subs had submerged, and it was fully five minutes before we got any
trace of it. Suddenly it came to the surface a little to the right about
one thousand yards away. The six-inch belched out a ball of fire but
was a complete miss. Down went the sub, coming up dead on our
stern again. Boom! And the boys had put in a hit. What a hit
we did not know, but Mr. Sub hauled to starboard, moving very slow-
ly as if disabled — just what we wanted. Now we had the entire
length of him for a target. The distance was gradually stretching
out between us. The fourth shot from this position told the story.
Boom ! A tense second, then an indescribable splash on the water.
That was the end. At 7:12 one of Bill's pet machines and occupants
went down to Davy Jones's locker. You should have heard the crew
shout and yell. Signals were sent out and the four ships again formed
their convoy.

We continued the journey past the Maderia Islands to Gibraltar,
where we put in for coal. Saturday afternoon we hove anchor,
bound for Marseilles. Coming out on deck Sunday morning, on the
way to breakfast, I observed the coast was on the opposite side from
where we saw it the day previous, but thought very little of it until
I had been in the dining room a few minutes. I then knew something
was radically wrong. There was not the usual joking about being
blown into eternity by our cargo. Everyone was quiet and more or
less glum. Then I was told that the ship was on fire. With all that
gasoline, oil, gas, and TNT and powder !

In the forward hold was 500 tons of coal for reserve which had
been there for two months. To this we laid the beginning of the fire
which was discovered that morning at 7:45. Immediately the ship
was headed about to make the run back to Gibraltar. We were
seventeen hours out when the fire was discovered and made the re-
turn in twelve hours. Coming through the straits that evening we

624 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

passed directly over the spot where the Britannia was torpedoed and
seventy-three men killed less than an hour later. Not an officer turned
in for sleep Sunday night; there was something for everyone to
do. Monday morning it seemed the fire was gaining a little, so water
was turned into the hold in hopes of flooding it.

At 12 o'clock noon I left the fire to take my usual watch on the
bridge. At 1:15 a wireless stating that hostilities had ceased came
in. We forgot there was such a thing as a fire. All hands were
called to the quarter deck, where the captain read the message. The
fog whistles were blown, the siren whistles were blown, the bells rung
madly. Such was the case aboard every one of the 250 or more ves-
sels lying in the harbor.

By 5 o'clock in the afternoon everything around the deck near the
fire was too hot to put one's hand upon, though at 6 o'clock it seemed
that we were getting the best of the fire and a lull naturally followed.
It then occurred to me I had had no sleep for thirty-five hours, so
after eating I turned in. Hardly had my head touched the pillow
when there came the most blood-curdling, unearthly, death-dealing
explosion I ever hope to hear. Luckily I had not undressed. Throw-
ing open my door and giving about two jumps I was at the foot of
the companion way, bound for my lifeboat on the poop. Already
nearly all the crew were there. Hardly had I mustered them, when
the fire alarm was sounded. Every man went to his station. This
gave me a chance to see what really had happened. The hatch had
been closed perfectly tight to avoid draft. When I got up forward I
could see that the hatch and parts of the deck had been blown into a
million pieces. Six by six timbers had been snapped in two as a
mere toothpick or match. One of the ventilators caught in the rail-
ing about sixty feet up. Although men were working around there
when the explosion came no one was seriously hurt, although sever-
al were badly bruised and cut.

The hatch now being gone, the fire had a good draft, and it was
not long until the coal bunkers which had just been filled with 1,300
tons were ablaze. These coal bunkers led aft towards the bulk of
the gasoline in. hold No. 3, and the TNT. So the aim now was to
check the spread of the flames. The only two fire tugs in the har-
bor came alongside, furnishing eight leagues of hose which were
immediately played on the fire. By this time the smoke was terrible,
more like choking fumes than smoke, pouring out from the hold in
great black clouds. The wind was just right to carry the smoke
from one end of the ship to the other. There was not a cubic inch of
the entire vessel that was not laden with smoke. At 10 o'clock there
was just one thing to do — beach the poor Ophir and flood her.

Every few minutes there would be an explosion with more or less

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 625

violence and no one knew what minute she might go up in one big
explosion. This was what the captain was trying to avoid; 10:20
found her beached, but still a mile and a half from shore. Up to this
time it had not been discovered that there were no sea cocks in the
bottom of the ship to flood her, and the only other means was by hose.
At midnight I took the bridge again. The firemen had stuck to their
work that we might have light until a little after 11 o'clock. The
water was over their knees by then, so they hauled the fires and came
up. B}^ 2 o'clock the steam was exhausted, the lights were out, and
the ship was in total darkness except for the little light from the flames
sifting through the dense smoke. By tying handkerchiefs over our
noses, my two quartermasters and myself were able to stay on the
bridge where we could look right down into the No. 2 hold — a de-
mon, smoking hell.

At 2:15 one of the quartermasters went under with too much smoke
on his lungs. Two officers had already succumbed. At 2 :45 great
roaring flames broke through the smoke and the men with gas masks
fighting around the hole had to drop their hose and get away.

At 2:55 came an explosion greater than the first one, blowing the
remainder of the deck right and left. A great torrent of burning
sparks and splinters rained down on the bridge. Volunteers had
gone to the fo'cas'le head, ready to put the ammunition overboard if
it became necessary. This explosion now practically cut them oft'
from the rest of the ship. The captain came on the bridge and
through the megaphone ordered all powder overboard and for these
men to get off the ship as best they could. Next the order to abandon
ship was given, and the crew and some of the officers took to the fire
tugs which were still alongside.

At 3 :30 the tugs shoved off, leaving eight Officers still aboard, to
see if possible that no one was left unwarned, or injured. Then while
waiting for the tug to come back for us we put what ammunition
there was on the poop deck overboard and made ready the after mag-
azine containing 150 rounds of powder and shells, that it might be
flooded by the tug's fire hose. The fire was raging by this time,
burning in the cabins, but had not yet reached the vitals of the infer-
nal gas, gasoline, and TNT.

Finally a tug came, the hose was led out and the magazine flooded,
but before this was done small explosions began at regular intervals
and four or five flaming barrels of oil shot back over the tug. The
master of the tug, who was a "bally Englishman," got cold feet as
each explosion shot a ball of fire in the air. He pleaded with tears
in his eyes for us to cut his tug loose from the ship "To 'ell with
the bloody powder !" he said. Just what possessed the captain at
this time we do not know, but he asked me to go below and see if all

626 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

the dead lights were closed in the crew's mess hall. This was no time
to argue. At the foot of the companionway I stepped into water up
to my knees. Everything was pitch dark and down in here each ex-
plosion sounded ec^ual to a volcanic eruption. By the aid of matches
I made my way forward into the mess hall. Furniture, I imagine,
was strewn all over the room. Making my way along the port side,
inspecting each deadlight, I was crossing the room at the extreme
forward end, nearly waist deep in flood water, w'hen an unusual ex-
plosion came. I would not have given two whoops in Halifax for
my chances to see land again just at that time. It was not until that
afternoon that I had a chance to get dry clothes on, which resulted
in a few days sickness in the barracks.

The magazines now flooded, the captain made sure that all his offi-
cers were accounted for, saw us all safely aboard the tug, then came
on himself. It was a sad parting when we pulled off leaving the
poor old Ophir and left her to her destruction that Tuesday morning.
She had been a home — a happy ship.

Never will I forget the beautiful, yet pitiful sight, she made as we
viewed her from the shore twenty-five minutes later. The large
drums of oil were now going up in rapid succession. Each barrel
sent up an almost perfect ball of fire, set in a background of black,
dense, curling smoke. Each explosion followed by a dull sort of
roaring boom.

Breakfast and some much needed sleep were our next hope, but
fate was still against us. After trying five hotels, each one unable
to accommodate any of us, we found an officers' Y.M.C.A. Not a room
did they have either, but offered to let us clean up and to feed us.
This was gladly accepted, and my praise for their hospitality cannot
be exaggerated. Upon our departure they would not accept a penny,
saying they were only sorry there was not more they could do for us.

The crew had taken refuge aboard the U.S.S. Buffalo. A muster
was taken, showing seven men unaccounted for. The officers report-
ed to the admiral at lo o'clock for orders, and after the usual navy
red tape 2 p.m. found us located in British prison barracks, about
1,000 feet up the rock. This was the only place that could be found
for us. Here we were to remain until a vessel homeward bound
came into port for us. O, boy! Fifty-five hours without a wink of
sleep ! I never enjoyed the finest feather bed in all my life as I did
that old cot with no springs, but iron slats and excelsior cushions
instead.

Tuesday noon five of the seven missing men were accounted for.
They had been struck in the fo'cas'le head where the big explosion
came at 2:55 that morning. Others were with them but made a run
for it successfully through the flames. Some took a lifeboat they

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 627

found alongside. Others were taken off by a small launch. Two of
the survivors told of themselves, who with another, had been trapped
iu a room. He had become crazed with the smoke and could not be
induced to leave the room. This poor boy's fate was later learned,
but the tragedy is too horrible to relate.

Two other lads found their only means of escape was through a
blazing hot chain pipe. Thus they saved their lives, for the price of
severe burns. The last seen of the second missing man is related by
some of the lads who ran through the flames. He said the missing
man was following closely on his heels when they left their room
and an explosion separated them. His charred bones were found
three days later.

Throughout the entire day after the ship was left to her fate, ex-
plosions of more or less violence occurred at irregular intervals. The
harbor was kept clear of all sea-going vessels during this time, for
the inevitable big explosion of the TNT and gasoline in the after hold
.had not yet occurred. About 1 1 o'clock Tuesday night the farthest
dwelling up the rock was nearly lifted from its foundation and morn-
ing found the shores strewn with dead fish from the concussion of the
explosion. Poor old Ophir ! This explosion ripped her stern wide
open, and there she lay, never to float again.

Friday we were dismissed and received orders to report aboard
the Japanese ship Awa Maru to take us back to the States. Enroute
home we ran into a storm which tossed us about for three days, dur-
ing which time we did not sit down to a meal. It was all we could do
to hold to the table with one hand and eat with the other.

Tuesday we came to anchor in the States — and to say everyone
was glad to get back to God's country is putting it mildly.

New Ship Construction

During the year of greatest activity to meet the war program the
energy available for new construction was concentrated mainly upon
vessels to deal with the submarine menace. Three hundred and fifty-
five of the iio-foot wooden submarine chasers were completed. Fa-
cilities of the existing destroyer-building yards were expanded and
150 destroyers were completed. The large Ford automobile manu-
facturing plant was offered for the erection of a steel sea-going anti-
submarine patrol boat of a new type which was designated as the
"Eagle." Orders were placed for 112 of these, and delivery had just
begun before the armistice was signed. Ships launched during the
year and up to October i, 191 8, include i gunboat, 93 destroyers, 29
submarines, 26 mine sweepers, 4 fabricated patrol vessels, and 2 sea-

628 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

going tugs; while the total of additions to the navy reached into the
hundreds.

Camouflage was adapted to navy use by a system known as "dazzle
painting" — the vessel being painted in an apparently grotesque and
bizarre manner for the purpose, not of rendering it invisible, but ren-
dering it difficult for the submarine commander, peering through his
periscope for a few seconds at a time, to determine the course of the
vessel. While not always effective, there is no doubt that dazzle
painting is a palliative against submarine attack.

The question of salvage of vessels damaged by mines or torpedoes
was a very acute one abroad and also important along United States
coasts. The Navy Department took over many of the vessels and
much of the equipment engaged in coast salvage work and sent one
unit abroad.

An Engineering War

It is a truism to say that, both on land and sea, this was very large-
ly an engineering war. Electric propulsion worked a revolution in
ship driving. As so often before, American ingenuity and inventive
skill led the world in propelling machinery of battleships.

Repair of German Ships

When war was declared with Germany all the German ships lying
in our ports were immediately taken over by our government. Upon
examination it was found that the machinery of all of them had been
deliberately damaged by their crews. The principal damage was the
breaking of cast-iron parts of the main engines, which, under mari-
time regulations, would require replacement with newly cast parts.
As a result of investigations, orders were issued to make all repairs
when possible by electric welding and to resort to mechanical patch-
ing only where welding was impracticable. Electric welding was
well known, but its application on such an extensive scale was unpre-
cedented, and all the vessels could be made ready for service probably
a year before they could have been if the cylinders had been removed.
So well and so successfully were the repairs accomplished that there
was not a single instance of a defective weld, nor did one develop dur-
ing the months of arduous service on which those ships were engaged.
Larger dry-docks were built wherever necessary.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 629

Notable Achievements in Ordnance

One of the great achievements of the navy was the design and con-
struction of fourteen-inch railway mountings, affording a larger
piece of ordnance than had ever before been carried on mobile mount-
ings. The first gun was shipped from the United States June 20th,
was ready to fire the last week in August, but did not go into action
against the enemy until September i6th in the vicinity of Laon, from
which time this gun with its sister guns was engaged in firing against
German bases far behind the eneni}- lines and hitherto completely be-
yond the reach of the allied artillery.

The outstanding anti-submarine project was the closing of the North
Sea by a mine barrage extending from the Orkney Islands to the ter-
ritorial waters of Norway, together with a barrage across the Straits
of Dover. A new type of mine was required to meet the conditions
of depth found in these waters.

A star shell which could be thrown out from the ship and yet which
did not disclose the location of the ship, as did the searchlight, was
another development of the war. A substitute for TNT was origina-
ted, and a non-coil gun for aircraft designed to meet the needs of this
new agency of warfare. Merchant ships were protected by in-
creased armament, and a further means of protection devised through
smoke concealment. The naval gun production kept pace with war
needs ; depth bombs were proven the most effective anti-submarine
weapon, and great strides were made in torpedo production.

When it was realized that aircraft had come to stay a factory was
established at Philadelphia ; factories of non-essential industries were
utilized for the making of parts ; while it became necessary to recruit
the personnel from auto factories and machine shops.

Navy As An Educational Institution

The educational policy of the navy can be expressed in a few words.
It is a policy based not on theory but on the demands of an age that
can hardly be misinterpreted. The seamanship of the future is de-
pendent on the increasing utilization of the data of science, whether
in mechanics, chemistry, physics, electricity, marine engineering, or
naval construction. Experimentation and adaptation, discovery and
invention, readiness to "scrap" the outworn, the willingness to try the
untried, must go hand in hand with a growing navy. The new de-

630 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

mands, however, do not imply multiplication of studies so much as
greater thoroughness in the fundamentals. Science is one, though
its branches are many.

Training of Navai, Officers

Written by F. L Stringer of Storm Lake, Ensign, United States
Naval Reserve Forces.

Shortly after the United States entered the World War a sub-or-
ganization of the navy developed. This branch was known as the
United States Naval Reserve Force, the chief purpose of which was
for the supplying of crews for the manning of the many coast patrol
boats, destroyers, cargo and troop ships. This service was really
Uncle Sam's merchant marine.

In this branch of the service men were enlisted for the usual four
years but to serve only for the duration of the war, and if necessary
for six months after peace should be signed. Men who had sufficient
education to qualify for officers' training were selected by competitive
examination.

Then length of the course of training was fixed at four months,
during which time the first two months were to be spent at sea for
practical training and two months at a school for theoretical instruc-
tion. The two months' cruise was spent either on the Great Lakes or
on a coastwise vessel, cargo ships being the main type of training ves-
sels. Each person was put on his own initiative with the result that
the amount of stud}' and work done depended upon his own ambitions.
After completing the sea training men were taken off the ships and
given examinations for ratings. If the cruising was done on the
Great Lakes the examinations were given at Cleveland or Chicago,
but if the training was on a coastwise vessel -examinations were given
at New York. Qualified men were then sent to school to complete
their officers' training, the principal school being located at Pelham
Bay, New York, and at that place the training was most intensive.

Men were kept busy studying and drilling from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m.
daily with the exception of Sunday. Liberty was then granted. Ex-
aminations were generally held Monday, which came to be designated
as "Elimination Day," because it only took one flunk to be put out of
the school. At the end of eight weeks those remaining- in the school
who successfully passed their examinations were given commissions
as ensign in the United States Naval Reserve Force.

Recent changes in the laws have made possible the enrollment of
additional men to the Naval Academy until the number under train-
ing just after the war reached 2,210.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 631

A revision of rules was effected to give ofificers of the same rank
the same title so there would be no distinction.

The increased enlistment required a larger staff of doctors, dentists,
nurses, and hospital corps. The number of doctors was increased
from 327 to 3,074; dentists from 30 to 485; women nurses from 160
to 1,400; members of the hospital corps from 1,585 to 14,718. The
best men in the medical profession abandoned their practice and en-
tered upon duties more exacting.

The Business Side op the Navy

Of all the many ways in which the navy has contributed toward
victory in the great World War, the furnishing of supplies to our
own forces and to the allies 3,000 miles away was the most important.
To the doctrine that "the only difference between the peace and war
formation ought to be the increased magnitude of the latter, and the
only change in passing from the former to the latter should consist
in giving to it augmentation which will then be necessary," the navy
has held fast, preparing carefully beforehand, so that, when the test
of war came, there was no need for hurried reorganization, there
taking place instead merely an increase in volume accomplished by
orderly expansion along the lines already studied out in detail and
well tmderstood through years of successful practice.

The greatest total volume of supplies bought in any one pre-war
year was $27,000,000, the greatest one day's war purchases being
over thirty millions — this resulting from the increase of the enlisted
force from 55,000 to more than 500,000, with the needs of all ships
and stations being correspondingly developed.

The fleet during one year was supplied with over 4,000,000 tons of
steaming coal, over 4,500,000 barrels of oil fuel, and approximately
11,500,000 gallons of gasoline. The navy's supply of coal at certain
points, particularly in New England and in New York, assisted in
preventing much suffering on the part of the people during the un-
usually severe winter.

Marine Corps Wins Glory

This efficient fighting, building, and landing force of the navy won
imperishable glory in the fulfillment of its duties upon the battlefields
of France, where the Marines, fighting for the time under General

632 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Pershing as a part of the victorious American army, have written a
story of valor and sacrifice that will live in the brightest annals of the
war. With heroism that nothing could daunt, the IMarine Corps
played a vital role in stemming the German rush on Paris, and in
later da3'S aided in the beginning of the great offensive, the freeing of
Rheims, and participated in the hard fighting in Champagne, which
had as its object the throwing back of the Prussian armies in the vi-
cinity of Cambrai and St. Quentin.

With only 8,000 men engaged in the fiercest battles, the Marine
Corps casualties numbered 69 officers and 1,531 enlisted men dead,
and 78 officers and 2,435 enlisted men wounded seriously enough to
be officially reported by cablegram, to which number should be added
not a few whose wounds did not incapacitate them for further fight-
ing. Official reports account for only fifty-seven United States Ma-
rines who were captured by the enemy, those who were wounded far
in advance of their lines and who fell into the hands of the Germans
while unable to resist.

Orders to prepare for action at the front reached the Marines on
Memorial Day, and they went into action which took them into the
battle of Chateau Thierry, the fierce hand-to-hand fighting in Belleau
Woods, into the contest for the St. Mihiel salient and later the cap-
ture of Blanc Mont Ridge.

In Haiti and San Domingo the Marines helped in the work of
road building, sanitation, and development, keeping in order the few
remaining law-breakers. Many of them were trained in Cuba. Many
have been used in guarding naval plants, navy yards, munition works,
radio stations, and like works of protection. An aviation section of
the Marines developed in this new feature of warfare.

United States naval activities in Europe are chiefly matters of co-
operation with the allied navies, and the cooperation amounted prac-
tically to consolidation where effected with the British navy.

It could hardly have been foreseen to what extent United States na-
val activities would accumulate, and it is a fact that it was a growth
by accretion rather than by system. The resultant fact is that the
supervision of the commander of the United States naval forces in
Europe was of great and varied scope, continuing to increase from
week to week. Despite the great extent and varied character of our
naval activities in Europe and the fact that their gpowth by accretion

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 633

made a highly centralized control more or less inevitable, the results
speak for themselves — all of our naval activities are cooperative in
character and all of them give every evidence of performing useful
and appreciated work wherever found.

Cooperation with the allied navies in general was effected by means
of the Allied Naval War Council, composed of the several naval min-
isters and naval chiefs of staff and officers specifically appointed to
represent them in their absence. Vice Admiral Sims was the United
States naval representative. The secretariat of the council was com-
posed of British officers and personnel, with officers of the allied navies
designated for liaison duties therewith.

The Allied Naval Council had advisory functions only and liaison
with the Supreme War Council, with a view to coordinating and uni-
fying allied naval effort, both as regarded naval work only and as
regarded unity of action with military or land effort. The Allied
Naval Council continued to fill a great need as a sort of clearing
house for the necessarily varied proposals of the several governments
most of which required cooperation on the part of some other govern-
ment.

Inasmuch as the British were predominant in naval activity, it is
natural to find that a major part of our naval activities were in co-
operation with them and controlled by them. In fact, the British
were in position to carry so much of the "naval load" of the war that
our first and principal efforts were toward taking up a share of the
load. Cooperation has in many cases been carried to such an extent
that the coordination necessary for efficiency developed into practi-
cal consolidation.

Cooperation With the French

It is deemed worthy of remark that whereas practically all coopera-
tion with the British was effected by operating as units under Brit-
ish control, cooperation with the French was arranged on a basis that
left to the United States naval forces a very large measure of initia-
tive. This was particularly true with regard to the troop ships des-
tined to French ports, which were provided with escort, and routed
in and out wholly from the Brest headquarters which was kept fully
informed as to routes and positions of British-controlled convoys and
as to locations of submarine activities, and had to so adjust route on

634 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

and off the coast as to keep clear of both. Three out of eight escort
units were provided by United States vessels for the coastal system,
which was operated by the French.

Toward the end of the war United States naval forces in France
were stated to have been escorting troops into France at the rate of
134,000 per month. After May i, 1918, the number of troop ships
and cargo vessel convoys east and west bound averaged more than
one a day, and the number of ships over 200 a month. No convoy
of troop ships failed to be met by destroyer escort before entering the
area of submarine activity, and no passenger entrusted to the care of
the United States naval forces in France has been lost.

The United States naval repair facilities here as well as elsewhere
on the coast of France had to be made use of not only for the upkeep
of the United States naval vessels based on the coast, but also for
necessary repairs to troop ships and cargo vessels, whether naval,
army, or Shipping Board, the guiding idea being to keep the ships
moving.

Arrangements and facilities for caring for the sick and injured
navy personnel were almost more than ample. In many of the naval-
base hospitals the majority of the patients were, consequently, of
other services — both the United States and the Allies. The provis-
ions of the United States navy in this respect were so complete in their
facilities and so efficient in their readiness as to excite the admiration
of foreign services.

Impressions of Germany

Written by Everett J. Evans of Linn Grove, whose duties required
him to journey to the German border to take up the tasks of the Army
of Occupation. The story was written before the writer had been
discharged from naval service; and after his comprehension of affairs
had been broadened by observation of five capital cities of foreign
countries.

Our trip through northern France and part of Belgium gave us an
idea of how the Hun carried on his warfare. In some villages I
would see old people out with a pick and shovel digging the salvage
away so they could find passage way into their former homes, which
were so precious by reason of the fact that they had housed many suc-
ceeding generations of a family. Though the homes were a complete
ruin the owners sought some relic of their former life.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 635

Bombed and shelled tracks left conditions which made progress
slow on the famous Paris-Brussels express, though giving us time
to view the devastated country.

The big surprise came to us when arriving in Brussels. The Ger-
mans held the city for over four years as you already know. Well, I
expected to see a good sample of starving Belgium, but instead found
Brussels a lively city with plenty to eat. I imagine the food comes
from the good old U.S.A., for it resembles our own food more than
any I have found. Cold and hungry, we would have been gratified
with a cup of black cofifee, but they brought out five slices of buttered
bread, with a large platter of sliced ham, and coffee with sugar and
cream. That kind of stuff was new, that's all ! We stayed there
all the next day, leaving the third -day. Believe me, we did some
feasting. If we had known the scarcity of food in Germany we would
have carted some along. Cherry pies cost us ten francs, each franc
the equivalent of eighteen cents.

The train from Brussels to Charleroi, Belgium, looked like the Ger-
mans had used it for transporting artillery. With nothing left of
the seats but the springs we would hunt a board and make a spring
seat out of that. We had time here to look over this village. There
were so few passengers on the train on which we were to take ou'r
departure that we four navy gobs and two army field clerks piled
into an ofificers' car and got the first good sleep we had had for four
nights. A mess cook supplied us with bread and marmalade. When
it became cold toward evening we had to roll up in the blankets avail-
able, regardless of the cooties. When we awoke in the morning we
found that the train had stopped at Cologne, Germany, at the line of
the British sector of occupation of the Rhine. It was here that we
had the opportunity to cross two different ways over the Rliine. I
happened to visit the grand cathedral just as a marriage ceremony
was being performed, which reminded me of that little ballad :
For they declare
There are sights over there
That we haven't on old Broadway.

After spending an hour viewing the cathedral I can readily con-
ceive why it took years to construct such a building.

The day or two that we spent there waiting for transportation to
Berlin we would have starved but for the "canned bill" the British
gave us. But we made it a hilarious occasion for it was the first
German town we had been in. Then I found out that my knowledge
of the German language which I had acquired at Buena Vista College
had become rather rusty. However, we managed to buy some post-
card views, etc. Every place I have visited I have purchased views
for a collection I am making. Already I have been in the capital

636 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

city of five foreign countries, but I'm ready to leave for the United
States any time I get the word.

The train we took from Cologne to Berlin was well heated, smooth-
riding, and fast. On this train we had several spectators who gave
us the once over — sometimes twice. When they learned that we
were Americans we usually got a reception; though they were con-
fused by the resemblance of our uniform to that of the British — and
the friendship between the British and Germans is none of the best
just now.

Our duties began the day after we arrived in Berlin. To our sat-
isfaction the work was rather light, making it convenient for us to
look over the city. It at once became evident to me that the German
army had been preparing for forty years. One can readily see by
the expression on the faces of a majority of these people who was
responsible for the crime. Still, it is the political life of the country
which feels most severely the effects of the war. Her people are
troubled, especially as to merchandise supplies, and it is amusing to
hear the stories of those who can talk English. They look with con-
fidence to the United States to send them food. I'll admit the food
is scarce in Berlin, but through the country districts the supply is not
so low. The portion of farming district through which we passed
is well cultivated and looks like good land. But it is politics that will
decide Germany's future. Don't think for a minute that I am sympa-
thizing with the Germans, for I certainly am not after seeing what
she has done in northern France and in Belgium, and what she tried
to do to the United States. But I am only stating the fact which I
saw while with the Military Mission to Germany.

The Bolshevists troubled us none, but if any of us were stopped by
any such party we could pull out a card of identification and a safe-
guard pass written in the German language and signed by a member
of the Reichstag.

Some Berlin inhabitants seemed very curious and acted as though
they wanted to know just who we were; while others, especially those
who talked "American English," would recognize our uniforms and
immediately converse with us. But none of them succeeded in get-
ting the desired information, for we had been instructed just how far
to carry our conversation. The city was quiet during our stay,
though one evening we heard sounds of a distant riot. Then the
Berlin papers predicted an early revolution. Their election of a
president doesn't seem to settle matters much. We were quartered
at the Hotel Esplanade. A proof of the shortage of woolens and cot-
tons was apparent in the use of paper for table linens, while the table
cloths and napkins were used for sheets.

After talking with a German sailor I learned why mutiny prevailed

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 637

in the German navy. They are one class of people who by chance
got an opportunity to see other countries besides "der Vaterland," and
became wise to the fact that one-man rule was far from justice.

On our return trip to Paris, via Aletz, through Alsace and Lorraine,
we saw buildings of the medieval age and every village filled with
statuettes of saints, though most of the human beings showed evidence
of the predominance of the military caste. Passing through the Am-
erican sector we saw soldiers who, though drilling in the snow, looked
comfortable if not happy. A glad smile came on their faces when
they caught sight of a sailor, thinking he might give them an idea of
when they might embark for the United States. At Trier, near
Metz, we located a Red Cross canteen and a taste of white bread and
good coffee. After finding out where we had been and how difficult
it was to get something to eat the Red Cross nurse in charge ordered
something extra that we could take on to the train. Believe me, I
have a heart for that organization. We rode the 220 miles to Paris
in twenty-four hours, in a car that was heated like an ice box. From
Paris we were transferred to Brest, supposedly to return to the
U.S.A. — but no such luck; Fm still working for Rear Admiral Hal-
stead.

Surrender op German High Seas Fleet

Written by George B. Eginton of Storm Lake, seaman second class,
United States Naval Reservve l^orces, U. S. S. Texas.

Germany as a naval power ceased to exist on November 21, 1918,
when the heart of her mighty fleet surrendered to an armada of Brit-
ish, American, and French vessels.

The minutely detailed program of submission laid down by Admiral
Sir David Beatty, commander-in-chief of the Grand Fleet, was car-
ried out strictly according to plan. The German war ships, strung
out in a single column almost twenty miles long, appeared at the
rendezvous at the appointed time, and were led into the Firth of Forth
between twin columns of Allied ships which overlapped the Germans
at each end.

A surrender on such a gigantic scale has no precedent in naval
history. Although the wonderful naval spectacle was the same as a
peace time review and evoked little enthusiasm, American and Brit-
ish officers and men could scarcely credit the evidence of their eyes.
It was an event which shattered all naval traditions and ideals. Men
animated by the spirit of Lawrence's "Don't give up the ship," and
Nelson's "England expects every man to do his duty," could not con-
ceive of such an inglorious fate as that to which the enemy sea force
was submitted. "Even the poor old Spaniards, knowing they had not
a chance, came out of Santiago."

638 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The arrangements for this great ceremony were made November
1 8th. On that day the German Hght cruiser Konigsberg preceded to
a rendezvous off the Firth of Forth. She had on board the German
envoys charged with the duty of receiving the AlUes' orders. They
were Rear-Admiral Hugo Meurer, with a staff among whom were
a Zeppelin commander and a submarine commander, and four dele-
gates from the Workmen's and Soldiers' Council. The Konigsberg
was met at the rendezvous by the fast British destroyer Oak, which
acts as tender to the Queen Elizabeth, the flagship of Admiral Sir
David Beatty. Admiral Meurer with his staff at once went on board
the Oak and proceeded to Rosyth, where they immediately went into
conference with Admiral Beatty in his cabin on the Queen Elizabeth.
The conference continued late into the night, when it was interrupted,
to be continued the next morning, and not until evening had all in-
structions been given and all arrangements made, when the German
officials started on their return journey.

We on the Texas were very anxious to witness the arrival of the
German envoys for this conference, but the dense fog which was
hanging over us and which lasted several days prevented this and we
were forced to be content in reading the reports we received each day.

From this time on the Grand Fleet breathed a quickening, electri-
fying air, and you could detect its invigorating virtue in the half-
stifled excitement of the men with whom you came in contact. The
anticipation of surrender day grew almost hour by hour as messages
flashed hundreds of miles through the air to and from the German
High Seas Command. On November 20th, as scraps of news passed
from mouth to mouth, the atmosphere of eagerness grew even more
intense.

Early in the afternoon a notice was posted which deserves to be
put on record. It read as follows :

Relations with the Germans /

"The following is a copy of a memorandum issued by the Com-
mander-in-chief, Grand Fleet:

"(i) It is to be impressed on all officers and men that a state of
war exists during the armistice.

"(2) Their relations with officers and men of the German Navy
with whom they may be brought in contact are to be of a strictly
formal character.

"(3) In dealing with the late enemy, while courtesy is obligatory,
the methods with which they waged the war must not be forgotten.

"(4) No international compliments are to be paid and all conver-
sation is forbidden, except in regard to the immediate business to be
transacted.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 639

"(5) If it is necessary to provide food for German officers and
men they should not be entertained, but it should be served to them
in a place specially set apart. If it is necessary to accept food from
the Germans a request is to be made that it is to be similarly served."

In the evening another notice was posted setting out the time-table
for the routine of sailing, leading up to "action stations" at g
o'clock. Here came the significant reminder that "immediate readi-
ness for action was to be assumed," and definite instructions with re-
gard to the position and training of turrets and guns. The Grand
Fleet was to meet ' e German Fleet at 9:40, approximately, the next
morning.

It was generally known that by the terms of the armistice the Ger-
man ships were to be unarmed and manned only by navigating crews,
but the navy does not believe in taking vmnecessary changes. Treach-
ery was not expected, but all was ready to blow the German ships out
of the water should any trick be attempted. What was feared most was
a stunt by a submarine manned entirely by officers. They might easily
have gotten a couple of our ships before being done in themselves.
Any battle squadron if attacked had orders to scatter, and the rest of
the line to continue as if nothing had happened.

That night the Grand Fleet lay at its moorings in the Firth of Forth.
Above the bridge were battleships, destroyers, and submarines, and
conspicuous among them was the French armored cruiser Admiral
Aube, flying the flag of Rear Admiral Grasset, which with two de-
stroyers represented the French navy in the final act of the great drama.
Below the bridge were battleships, battle cruisers and light cruisers,
and here a prominent place was taken by the squadron of fine Amer-
ican battleships, known while operating with the British Grand Fleet
as the Sixth Battle Squadron. The New York, flying the flag of Ad-
miral Rodman, with Admiral Sims and his stafif on board ; the Texas,
Arkansas, Wyoming, and Florida. Canada was above the bridge with
the First Battle Squadron. Australia and New Zealand were below
with the Second Battle Cruiser Squadron. Throughout the night the
flagship was in touch with the German Fleet, noting its program
toward the place of rendezvous.

At 3 :35 a. m. the Sixth Battle Squadron, led by the New York,
began to move. The fog had lifted after five days, and the lower air
was clear, but clouds hid the moon and stars and made the night
dark. Silently through the darkness ship followed ship down to the
open sea, an ominous, awe-inspiring procession of black shapes, each
indistinctly silhouetted against the sky and canopied with a smudge
of smoke. The Texas passed May Island at 6:18, steaming at a
speed of seventeen knots. By daybreak the Grand Fleet was at sea
and in the gray morning mist the squadron took up position in two

640 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

columns in single line ahead. The northern line was composed as
follows :

First Light Cruiser Squadron, less Phaeton (four ships).

Sixth Light Cruiser Squadron, less Cardifif (four ships).

First Cruiser Squadron (two ships).

Lion and First Battle Cruiser Squadron (four ships).

Fifth Battle Squadron ( four ships).

Sixth Battle Squadron (five ships).

Second Battle Squadron (nine ships).

Queen Elizabeth, flagship of Admiral Beatty.

Fourth Light Cruiser Squadron (five ships).

The southern line, on a parallel course six miles away, consisted
of the following:

Third Light Cruiser Squadron (four ships).

Second Light Cruiser Squadron (four ships).

Furious.

Minataur.

Second Battle Cruiser Squadron (five ships).

First Battle Squadron (nine ships).

Fourth Battle Squadron (five ships).

Seventh Light Cruiser Squadron (four ships).

Between the lines were the King Orry, Blanche, Boadicea, Fear-
less, and Blonde to act as repeating ships.

The Cardiff, towing a kite balloon, the Phaeton, Castor, Champion,
and flotillas had proceeded in company well ahead of the First Light
Cruiser Squadron in time to arrive in position at the place of rendez-
vous at 8 o'clock. One destroyer was detailed to each flagship and
maintained a position five cables on the outer beam of their respective
flagship as soon as the fleet came into the cruising order outlined.

Navigation lights were burned while leaving the harbor and until
sunrise. Daybreak revealed an icy mist and choppy sea, ideal for
U-boats. About 8 o'clock the sun showed its rim through a rift in
the slate-grev clouds, and here and there in the sky the greyness of
lead melted into the light shades of blue and brick red, but a haze
still hung over the water, confining the vision to perhaps five or six
miles. At 8:04 our battle ensigns were hoisted on high for the first
time during the war. Every man on deck was straining his eyes
now through the murky haze, scanning the horizon for the appear-
ance of the enemy ships which they knew were somewhere away off
in the distance.

The official program began toward 9 o'clock when a screen of de-
stroyers, then the leader of the pageant, the light cruiser Cardifif,
came up with the enemy forty miles east of May Island. At 8:46
the signal was received on the bridge of the Texas that the German

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 641

Fleet had been sighted by the Second Battle Squadron. One minute
later the big gongs rang out proclaiming "general quarters," and men
lost no time in getting to their "battle stations." Decks were cleared
for action. Turrets and guns were kept in securing position, but free.
Guns were empty, but with cages up and ready for ramming home.
Directors and armored towers were trained on, and correct range
and deflection were kept set continuously on the sights. Had a sin-
gle suspicious move been made by the enemy it would have taken us
just forty seconds to fire our guns. U-boat watch was mounted, and
the mystic anti-mine device, the Paravanes, were swung out from the
bow of the ship. Every precaution in fact was taken against treach-
ery.

An hour passed and the sun rising in the heavens began to tinge
the skv with gold. And all the time we had not yet seen the enemy.
Presently, three, four, or five miles away on our starboard bow there
came into view a sausage balloon being towed by the Cardifif. At
first it was a mere speck in a grey mist with a slight smoke trail
stretching out below. Then behind the Cardiff there emerged from
the murk the first of the German ships. At three miles range they
appeared to be little more than slowly moving silhouettes. On com-
ing abreast of the German Fleet the Grand Fleet turned together by
squadrons 180° outwards, assuming positions just the reverse of that
previously retained.

Between the lines came the Germans lee' ' • the Cardiff, while over
them flew a British naval airship. As the l. A^llied lines drew in
we could begin to distinguish the different types of the enemy's ships.
First came the battle cruisers, headed by the Seydlitz, which carried
the scars of the Dogger Bank battle of January, 191 5. The Moeltke
and the Hindenberg followed, then the Derfilinger, also battered in
the Dogger Bank engagement, and finally the Von der Town, which,
according to report, sufifered heavily in the naval air raid on Crux-
haven. On either side moved the Fearless and the Blonde in their
former stations. The nine battleships followed at intervals of three
cables. The five ships of the Kaiser class came first, then the Bayern,
and then three Konigs, but in what order within the classes could
not be told. A mile and a half astern was the King Orry and again
at the same interval the Phaeton, of the First Light Cruisers. The
Castor, flying the flag of Commodore Tweedie, Commodore of the
flotillas, led the forty-nine German destroyers, surrounded bv nearlv
150 British destroyers. One German destroyer was sunk by a mine
on her passage across the North Sea.

At 12:32 the order was given "to secure," and the men released
from action stations came up on deck, many of them to get their first
glimpse of the German ships, which were flying the white flag and

642 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

were proceeding strictly according to instructions received from Ad-
miral Beatty.

This bald description of the plan of operation will not convey to
the mind a full conception of the scene, but it must be placed on per-
manent record, for it indicates a disposition of hostile fleets such as
has never been seen before and in all likelihood will never be seen
again. From the purely spectacular point of view the pageant was
robbed of some of its splendor by the low mist, which blurred all out-
lines and refused to yield to the cold brilliance of the sunshine. But
the significance of the meeting and procession was more important
than its appearance. Men on deck watching the German ships come
into view vied with one another in identifying them one by one. But
underneath the momentary excitement of determining whether this
ship was the Hindenberg or the Derfflinger, there was the deep satis-
faction that the tedious task of the navy had been fulfilled. For the
most part both ofticials and men were silent. They realized they
were witnessing the climacteric act of Germany's downfall. They
knew that the surrender of these vessels automatically raised the
United States to second position among the world's naval powers;
yet they showed no elation, but seemed to feel a sort of contemptuous
pity for the fallen giant of the sea, who refused to fight.

In ordered array, flotilla on flotilla moved across the sea, the Ger-
mans completely encased by the Allies. So vast was the area they
covered that both the head and the rear of the column stretched away
into the haze and were lost to sight. The eye could not count them.
They were in themselves a tremendous armada. All this time the
great captive fleet and the greater fleet which encircled it were mov-
ing slowly — almost at a funeral pace, for the Germans were unable
to make twelve knots, the speed stipulated by Admiral Meurer — to-
wards the anchorage appointed for the captive fleet ofif May Island,
the rocky island which stands in the middle of the Firth of Forth,
some miles eastward of the bridge. Presently the German ships
came to rest and it could be seen that on every side of them were
their British wardens. Ships of the southern line had closed in as
guards, while the northern line, with the exception of the First Cruis-
er Squadron and the First and Sixth Light Cruiser Squadrons, pro-
ceeded into the harbor to the station from which they had started in
the early hours of the morning.

At 4 o'clock, as the bugle rang out "making sunset," the Germans
in the shi]5s, who were soon to be interned at Scapa Flow, the most
desolate, uninhabited, icy region of the British Isles, saw their flag
hauled down; for about an hour before noon the commander-in-chief
had issued the following signal to the fleet :

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 643

"The German flag will be hauled down at sunset today (Thursday)
and will not be hoisted again without permission."
And so ended "Der Tag."

Carried King and Queen
Written by Walter E. Johnson, U.S.S. George Washington.

After a period of training at the Great Lakes and a couple of
trying months in the hospital with spinal meningitis, I was ordered
onto the ship Manchuria at Hoboken, New Jersey. Some little time
was required to put it in repair to carry soldiers and we left on our
first trip April 30, 1918. We made two trips before sighting a sub.
Our first one was seen July 27th about midocean. On September 19th,
20th, and 2 1st we also were in danger of attacks but did not suffer
damage. Four round trips were made to France and back before
the armistice was signed, but that did not terminate our service, for
following that, and until the 24th of August, 1919, our ship made
nine more trips, making a record of thirteen trips for my servvice
thus far in the navy.

I visited Paris, Chateau Thierry, and Rheims in June, 1919. The
Y. M. C. A. escorted us to different places of interest in Paris and ex-
plained to us the ruins of the battle fields and Rheims.

On August 17, 1919, I was transferred from the Manchuria to the
George Washington, and on September 7th sailed for France to bring
back the King and Queen of Belgium. Stopping first at Brest, where
about 1,000 soldiers boarded our ship, we proceeded to Calais, where
the royal passengers came aboard. This happy passenger group ar-
rived at Hoboken, New Jersey, October 2d. As I write we are wait-
ing for the King and Queen and Crown Prince to finish their tour
of this country, ready to take them back to their native land.

Prisoner op War

Writing on board the U.S.S. Leviathan, John Tansey of Sioux
Rapids tells of a short experience as a prisoner of the Germans, as
follows :

I was a German prisoner of war for forty-eight hours. We were
running dispatches on a torpedo boat, the U.S.S. Terry, across the
English Channel to General Pershing's base, when a German raider
attacked us. Having no heavy guns we could not fight and we had
them beat a mile for speed, but the seas were so heavy we had no
chance to escape, so were taken prisoners. We were twenty-four
hours out of Berlin about nightfall when we made our getaway. It
was during a storm and if there ever was a ship that pitched and

644 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

rolled it was our little boat out there on those mountains of waters.
I stood for twenty-four hovirs on lookout watch on the mainmast, and
had only two sandwiches and a cup of warm cofifee — some experi-
ence, don't you think?

Battle op Smyrna
Lewis Arthur Jackson of Sioux Rapids, who shipped on the Ari-
zona, tells as follows about the battle of Smyrna, which occurred the
first Tuesday before or first Tuesday after the 19th of May, 1919:

Anchored about one-quarter mile from the docks of Smyrna. At-
tack began about 11 o'clock between the Greeks and the Turks, in a
hand-to-hand battle. At first the Turks were victorious over the
Greeks ; but later the Greeks landed eight transports of soldiers, about
the middle of the afternoon, and drove out the Turks.

The Turkish Government tried to say that the attack was made by
civilians, not by the Turks, but as the Turks had two machine guns
and a few one-pounders the civilians could not have been the offend-
ers, as they could not secure these weapons.

The action continued from about 11 o'clock until 2 o'clock in the
afternoon, but a few shots were fired intermittently during the after-
noon until evening. Chief action was over by 2 o'clock. American
marines were landed the day before to protect the American interests.
Number of Turks killed unknown; number of Greeks killed about
four hundred.

Cause of engagement: According to the Peace Council in France
some of the Greeks and all of the Turks wished to be under the con-
trol of the Turkish Government.

THE WAR TIME SPIRIT IN BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Buena Vista County was far from the bustle of war preparation.
.We were many miles from the large training camps, the busy sea
coast, and the gigantic factories turning out munitions of war.

But a stranger in our county would have known that we were in
a war, and in to the Jimit. He could not have helped but notice the
tense, eager spirit of our citizens to do all they could to make Buena
Vista County better than one hundred per cent in any line of war ac-
tivity. It was the general atmosphere of concentrated effort, a de-
termination to win the war.

There were the farewells to the men as they left for the camps, from
which they started their journey for destinations which neither they
nor those who were left at home knew. There were the anxious
waits when the relatives and friends knew that some of the boys were
on their way across. There were the crowds at the postoffice and the
news stand waiting for the latest news from the front. There was
the depressed feeling during the German drives in the spring of 1918,
intermingled with the courageous feeling of hope for the time to come
when the American army would get into the conflict with suiificient
strength to be felt, and then the glorious time from June to November
when the Hun was surely being pushed back step by step from every
foot of ground over which he had so boastfully advanced; with its
words of encouragement to those whose sons and brothers were in
the fight, and its expressions of sympathy to those whose dear ones
were wounded or had made the supreme sacrifice.

People opened their pocketbooks and their hearts to enterprises al-
most unheard of before 191 7, contributing vast sums of money to
the many drives with a spirit that put Buena Vista County over the
top, with a good margin to spare, for the entire period of the war.

Scarcely a woman or child in the county but responded to the call
of the Red Cross. Men, too, gave their time in speaking and in
soliciting aid for the chapter, and what they could not contribute in
knitting or hospital supplies they gave in money.

The Liberty loans took more dollars from our county than we had

646 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

previously thought could be spared for any one cause, and demanded
many hours and days of time on the part of those who had the work
in charge. The youngsters forgot toys and candies, and saved their
pennies to help meet the call for the sale of war stamps.

Every thought considered the welfare and comfort of our boys
overseas and in camps. The Y.M.C.A., the K. of C, the Y.W.C.A.
the Salvation Army, the Library Association, smokes for soldiers,
and in fact any suggestion for the comfort or solace of the men who
were so bravely leaving our county, need but to be mentioned to be
the immediate subject of interest and activity.

We had with us the Council of Defense with its membership assist-
ing here, there, and everywhere ; the food conservation program with
its administrator telling what to save and what not to eat; and the
fuel administration with its officers checking the amount of coal we
bought, and how we burned it, and urging us to use wood.

The Buena Vista College S.A.T.C. gave us a local touch of khaki
color as they marched to and from school through the streets of our
county seat.

A host of other suggestions of war, too — many of them seemingly
of minor importance, but all pointing to the activities of war. The
saving of peach and prune pits and bringing them down town to fill
barrels with what had formerly been regarded as waste material, but
of newly discovered usefulness in the manufacture of gas masks; the
registration of aliens and placing restrictions upon their wanderings;
the Christmas stations and the rules prohibiting mothers from send-
ing anything but the smallest gifts to their loved ones; the collect-
ing of tin foil for the Red Cross ; the making over, the patching, and
making the old garments serve for a while longer; the three-cent
postage, the revenue stamp, and other forms of taxation.

Finally, the day of all days, November nth, the day of glorious
celebration.

American Red Cross in the War

From the beginning of its war activities, the watchword of the
American Red Cross has been service — emergency, relief ser-
vice, supplemental to the work of the Quartermaster and Medical
Corps of the army and navy.

The object of this service was to help win the war by relieving the
sufferings and discomforts of men, women, and children, whether in

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 647

the trenches, in camp, in the hospital, or as refugees fleeing before
the enemy.

In the Hne of military relief, the chief aim of the American Red
Cross has been to furnish such service as would best safeguard the
health and comfort of the American soldiers and sailors, and to
protect their families at home.

In camp and on the march it has served the fighting men by the
establishment of canteens and rest rooms along the lines of communi-
cation between the front and the rear. Millions have been fed and
protected from many hardships. At the front the American Red
Cross has given additional service with rolling canteens, hot drink
kitchens, and millions of articles of comfort which were distributed in
the trenches and in the billets a little to the rear.

As an aid to the army and navy authorities it has given an emer-
gency service, materially assisting in maintaining sanitary condi-
tions and better health, not only among the troops, but among the
people with whom they were thrown in constant contact.

Another service has been that of furnishing food, clothing, and com-
forts to Americans taken prisoner by the enemy, and of caring for the
sick and suffering among the prisoners of other nations who passed
through neutral territory on their way to their homes.

The American Red Cross has served with food, shelter, and supplies
the thousands of refugees who were driven from their homes, either
as helpless wanderers, or interned in foreign lands. It has served
humanity by caring for thousands upon thousands of homeless, help-
less, suffering children. It has served by assisting in the rehabilita-
tion of much devastated territory and by furnishing employment and
homes for thousands of dependents.

The service rendered the peoples of Europe in restricting and pre-
venting the spread of tuberculosis has been great.

In short, by the service it rendered in hundreds of ways, the Ameri-
can Red Cross aided the Allied conmianders and war councils in main-
taining the morale of the armies which fought the battles of
democracy.

In the great World War the American Red Cross has considered
it to have been its supreme duty to assist the army and navy authori-
ties in every way in which it has been called upon by them to sup-

648 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

plement their efforts in caring for the fighting men at the front and
on their way to and from the front.

In carrying out its work in France, the American Red Cross, in all
its activities had expended up to July i, 1918, the sum of $22,114,209,
and had $13,000,000 worth of supplies on hand for future use. The
proportions devoted to military and civilian relief is indicated by these
figures: Approximately $11,200,000 was apportioned to relief work
among the soldiers and strictly military activities, while $10,914,209
was used in different branches of civilian work. During the first few
months the expenditures called for were much larger in the work
among the civilians than the soldiers, but after that time conditions
were reversed owing to the great influx of American soldiers.

In the very beginning of its work in France, the American Red Cross
was confronted by a double-pronged problem: Meeting the needs of
the Allied fighting men already engaged in France, and preparing to
meet the needs of the hundreds of thousands of American soldiers
when they should arrive on French soil from their mobilization centers
in America.

When Secretary of War Baker made his first tour of inspection in
France, he found substantial evidence of this Red Cross program.
American army engineers already had constructed great warehouses
and terminal facilities. He found also that distributing points for Red
Cross supplies had been established. These goods, together with the
gifts of the millions of workers among the American women at home,
had been assembled, classified, and made ready for quick and efficient
distribution.

CANTEEN SERVICE

At various strategic points on these lines, the American Red Cross
established canteens and rest stations, operated by American women.
Before the coming of these "joy stations," as they have been called by
our soldiers, thousands of travel-worn men were obliged to spend dis-
mal hours of waiting between trains, unfed, unwashed, tired, and ex-
posed to heat and dust in summer, or to the cold and wet in winter.

Canteen work did not end at junction points and way stations along
the lines from ports through the interior : it was carried straight
through to follow the troops to the trenches. Rolling canteens and
portable kitchens, all of which were conducted by men instead of by

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTx\ COUNTY 649

women, made it possible to serve cold drinks and light food in summer
to the troops actually in the trenches.

What canteens and rest stations are to the whole, able-bodied
trooper, efficient medical and surgical aid are to the sick and wounded.
In the early days of this war, before Allied organization had been per-
fected to meet the shock of Germany's forty-year product of organi-
zation and preparation for sudden aggression, inadequate hospital
facilities caused untold suf¥ering among and wastage of men both
sick and wounded. But base and convalesent hospital organization
in the Allied armies was quickly perfected. One of the vital features
of American Red Cross work in France was its emergency aid
given to the army medical and surgical corps.

No hospital service is truly efficient without ample provision for
special food for the sick and wounded. To make this provision the
Red Cross established diet kitchens. This service was of special value
to the men wounded about the face and jaws. Also the Red Cross
maintained hospital huts where convalescing American soldiers might
pass their time and find healthful relaxation and rest. It is a well
known fact that the open fields, blue sky, and the sight of men goings
about the peaceful business of farming is one of the greatest of all
tonics for shredded nerves. It is equally well known that actual
work in quiet, open fields performs miracles on sickly or wounded
bodies.

One of the inevitable by-products of war is the army of maimed.
But contrary to tradition and precedent, the soldiers who have lost
legs or arms or both in this war are not being turned out of hospitals
to become a burden both to themselves and their families. They are
being reconstructed, so to speak, in a way which brings into play all
the ingenuity and skill of modern surgery. These men are being
ec[uipped with artificial limbs and trained to make the best use of them,
and in this work the Red Cross is having a large part.

Because of the fact that all available man-power in France was en-
gaged in the war, the Red Cross was called upon to provide housing
accommodations for refugees who found it necessary to assemble in
Paris. Another item for which a liberal appropriation was needed
was for a campaign against tuberculosis. Refugees were weakened
by disease and sacrifice, and at one time an epidemic of tuberculosis
threatened.

650 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Demand for protection against infant mortality increased as the
war progressed. In the early months of Red Cross activity one-half
of the deaths of children might have been prevented by adequate fa-
cilities for their care and protection. The good work finally accom-
plished in this work cannot be estimated in dollars and cents.

CAREFUL IN EXPENDITURES

The magnitude of responsibilities in this relief and humanitarian
service necessitated wisdom and economy in all expenditures in order
that the resources available, even though apparently large in the ag-
gregate, might be used to accomplish the greatest possible good.

Work of the American Red Cross was not confined to France, where
the American Expeditionary Forces were most actively interested, but
to England, Switzerland, Russia, Siberia, Serbia, Greece, Roumania,
and Palestine.

As the war progressed there was demonstrated a need for some
agency outside of the government itself, which could keep casuals
and prisoners in touch with the home folks. The Red Cross assumed
this task. Obtaining information concerning the fate of American
soldiers in the thick of the fighting in France was the most im-
portant part of the work performed by the bureau of communication.
Later they added a bureau which advised relatives at home of the na-
ture of a man's wounds and gave weekly reports of his progress.

Missing in action ! Greatest of all anxiety was that which followed
the receipt of such message by the family of some boy "over there."
The Red Cross took up reports in these cases and advised relatives at
the earliest possible moment of the young man's fate.

VOLUNTEER INDUSTRIALS OF RED CROSS

Eight million patriotic American women developed into skilled
workers in the manufacture of relief articles, the production of which
had been standardized to avoid the liability of irregularity of work
done at so many dififerent places. The pieces which were made ac-
cording to standardized requirements were surgical dressings, hospital
garments and hospital supplies.

Of the articles produced by the Red Cross women none has meant
more to our boys in khaki and blue than the knitted ones. Practic-
ally every fighting man who has gone overseas has carried with him

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTx\ COUNTY 651

Red Cross knitted articles provided by the Red Cross workers. While
the chief concern of the Red Cross chapters since this country entered
the war has been the production of surgical dressings for our fight-
ing men, for three years previous the countries which have since
been our Allies received supplies from them.

THE SPIRIT OF RED CROSS FINANCE

While all the organization doing war relief work were ostensible
aids to government activities, the Red Cross was the only one recog-
nized as a governmental agent. Its activities were controlled by gov-
ernment policies or needs and its finances were subject to inspection
and approval by federal officers. It was the policy of the war coun-
cil to run the finances of the organization as an open book. There
were no secrets in the Red Cross. Any and all details as to salaries,
contracts, and anything else, were open to public scrutiny. Instruc-
tions were that every dollar expended should be spent as though it
were the dollar contributed by the person least able to give it.

During the period of the war unprecedented sums for humanita-
rian work were raised and applied through this organization as a
practical evidence of the generosity of the American people and of
their deep interest in the welfare of the soldiers and sailors of our and
Allied countries. As is generally known, in this organization the
chapters, including branches and auxiliaries, are the local and basic
unit, to which the membership is primarily located.

Following are certain round figures covering American Red Cross
participation in the war, as revealed by the war councils report:

SOME OUTSTANDING FIGURES

Contributions received (material and money) $400,000,000

Red Cross members: Adults, 20,000,000; Children,

1 1 ,000,000 31 ,000,000

Red Cross workers 8,100,000

Relief articles produced by volunteer workers 371,577,000

Families of soldiers aided by home service in U.S. .... 500,000

Refreshments served by canteen workers in U. S. ... 40,000,000
Nurses enrolled for service with army, navy or Red

Cross ' 23,822

Kinds of comfort articles distributed to soldiers and

sailors in U. S 2,700

Knitted articles given to soldiers and sailors in U. S. . . 10,900,000

Tons of relief supplies shipped overseas 101,000

652 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Foreign countries in which Red Cross operated 25

Patient days in Red Cross hospital in France 1,155,000

French hospitals given material aid 3,780

Splints supplied for American soldiers 249,000

Gallons of nitrous oxide and oxygen furnished French

hospitals 4,340,000

Men served by Red Cross canteens in France 15,370,000

Refugees aided in France 1,726,000

American convalescent soldiers attending Red Cross

movies in France 3,1 10,000

Soldiers carried by Red Cross ambulances in Italy ... 148,000

Children cared for by Red Cross in Italy 155,000

Of the $400,000,000 in money and supplies, contributed to the
American Red Cross during the twenty months the war council was
in existence, $263,000,000 was alloted to national headquarters, while
$137,000,000 went to the chapters to finance their activities. Expen-
ditures in the twenty months totalled $273,000,000, divided as follows:
By national headquarters in France, $57,000,000; elsewhere overseas,
$64,000,000; in the United States, $48,000,000; by chapters in the
United States, $43,000,000; cost of chapter-produced articles distri-
buted in France, $25,000,000, elsewhere overseas $8,000,000, in the
United States, $28,000,000; making a total of expenditures in France
$82,000,000, elsewhere overseas, $72,000,000, in the United States,
$119,000,000.

BuENA Vista County Red Cross

The organization of the Buena Vista County American Red Cross
which was delayed by the illness and decease of Dr. L. M. Nusbaum,
who led the movement for the establishment of a chapter in this
county, was perfected Monday, the 14th of May, 1917. The com-
mittee in charge was composed of the Chautauqua Board, and a few
others who had signed the original application for chapter, after hav-
ing subscribed for membership in the National Red Cross. These
first Red Cross members perfected the organization according to the
instructions sent out by the headquarters office at Washington. The
following temporary officers were chosen to hold office until the time
of the annual election in October :

Chairman, Mrs. U. S. Parish; vice-chairman, Airs. J. H. O'Don-
oghue; secretary, Mrs. R. U. Kinne; treasurer, George J. Schaller.

i HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 653

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Mrs. E. B. Wells, IMarathon ; Mrs. H. J. Holmquist, Sioux Rapids;
Mrs. H. L. Pierce, Linn Grove; Mrs. E. L. Boylan, Rembrandt; Mrs.
Jesse Wilkinson, Alta ; Mrs. F. C. Foley, Newell ; George R. Anderson,
Albert City; Miss Wilcox, Storm Lake; Miss Frieda Witter, Storm
Lake; Miss Anna Toohey, Storm Lake; Mrs. F. E. Branch, Storm
Lake; Rev. F. j\L Olson, Storm Lake; Mrs. A. E. Brunson, Storm
Lake; W. L. Geisinger, Storm Lake; P. C. Toy, Storm Lake; G. M.
Triplett, Storm Lake ; H. E. Swope, Storm Lake ; T. D. Filers, Storm
Lake; F. V. Dumbaugh, Storm Lake; Dr. J. W. Parkhill, Storm Lake.

On Satvirday, June 6th, was held a special county meeting to per-
fect plans to raise the first war fund of $5^000. C. H. Wegerslev
was appointed chairman, R. U. Kinne, secretary, and P. C. Toy,
treasurer. Soliciting committees were appointed in each town and
township, and as a result of their work, the quota was far exceeded,
and $12,000 was raised. This war fund was divided seventy-five
per cent to the National Red Cross and twenty-five per cent to the
district in which the money was raised.

Each county of the state had been designated as a unit for a Red
Cross chapter, with headquarters at the county-seat. Each chapter
was then to be subdivided into districts covering the trade territory of
the towns of the county, and in some cases school districts, for the
convenience of members assisting in the work. These districts were
called branches. These branches worked in connection with, and
through, the headquarters organization, the county chapter, the chap-
ter in turn working with and through the state and district head-
qviarters.

During the six months term of ofifice, the organization of branches
of the county chapter was perfected, with the exception of Lincoln-
Lee Consolidated School District, which was organized as a branch in
April, 1918. The work of organization was done by the officers with
the assistance of A. L. Whitney, R. U. Kinne, and J. H. O'Donoghue,
who, in each town in the county, and in each consolidated school dis-
trict, called a public meeting where the origin, aim, and object of the
Red Cross was explained.

Eagerness and a desire for information was shown in every instance
and in a short time the following branches imited in forming a county
unit: Alta, Albert City, Fairview, Highview, Linn Grove, Marathon,
Newell, Sioux Rapids, Storm Lake, Rembrandt, and Truesdale.

654 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

So responsive were the branches to call for workers, that it was
truly irksome to be restrained by the seeming slowness of the move-
ments of the officers at Storm Lake, whose patience, indeed was be-
ing sorely tried, as they were having rare trouble in getting direc-
tions or advice of any kind from national headquarters. Of course,
as we all learned later, the poor little A.R.C. at Washington, which
up to this time had proved quite adequate to Red Cross needs, was
now quite completely buried under an avalanche of letters and tele-
grams similar to those sent from Storm Lake. The heart of America
was touched by the appeal for help, and the fingers of the American
women were aching to be permitted to roll bandages, make garments,
and knit.

But in these new days of war and conservation, women could not
be permitted to cut up cloth indiscriminately and with lack of uni-
formity, so they must wait even when waiting tortured their souls,
until a vaster and more complete organization of Red Cross could
work out details and give to the chapters definite working plans and
patterns.

In reviewing this situation, it seems to us now that all this was ac-
complished in an incredibly short time. In July we were making
surgical dressings, hospital supplies, and knitted articles. It was with
a great deal of satisfaction that the first boxes of beautifully finished
garments were packed, nailed up, and sent to Des Moines for inspec-
tion and further shipment.

SURGICAL DRESSING INSTRUCTIONS

It was impossible for us to acquire the necessary knowledge of the
making of surgical dressings without an instructor and we conceived
the idea of sending a young woman to Des Moines to take the course
in "the making of surgical dressings." Des Moines had but now
acquired this knowledge, having sent a pupil to Chicago. Miss Cora
Siberall came back to us from Des Moines, qualified in the art, and
ready to conduct classes of instruction in Storm Lake or elsewhere
in the county.

Very soon Storm Lake, Newell, Alta, Marathon, Sioux Rapids, and
Truesdale had introduced the making of surgical dressings into their
Red Cross activities.

The first shipment made containing surgical dressings, was Sep-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 655

tember 7th, 1917: i box surgical dressings, 84 pairs pajamas, 16
convalescent robes, 53 dozen handerchiefs, i dozen hospital shirts, 23
dozen table napkins, 14 dozen pillow cases, 10 sheets, 9 dozen dish
towels, 13 dozen wash cloths, 11 dozen hand towels, 7 tray covers.

REVIVE ART OF KNITTING

The war found our women with little or no knowledge of knitting.
The majority of women had never knit a stitch and many had never
seen a stitch knitted. In July orders came for sixty sets of knitted
articles, each set to contain a sweater, a muffler, a helmet, a pair of
wristlets, and a pair of socks.

With grim determination the quota was accepted and pledges ex-
tracted from women for knitted sets. Yarn and knitting needles were
acquired by the chapter. The few experienced knitters sprung into
universal popularity and women with knitting bars of every color
and size might be seen wending their way to the seat of instruction.
The sixty sets were sent in on time. The next quota which came,
asked for two hundred and fifty sets, and more followed. Buena
Vista County women became as expert knitters as their grandmothers
ever were.

The total number of Red Cross members in the county at the close
of the year was 2803.

At the annual election in October, 191 7, the following officers were
elected: Chairman, Mrs. J. H. O'Donoghue; vice-chairman, Mrs. J.
A. Schmitz; secretary, Mrs. George Sedwick; treasurer, P. C. Toy.

The executive committee comprised the officers and in addition,
Mrs. Bert Lewis, Mrs. R. U. Kinne, Mrs. L. M. Nusbaum, W. C. Ed-
son, and Chas. Skewis.

The Christmas campaign for members for 1918 was very success-
ful. On Christmas day the Red Cross service flag might be seen in
a window of nearly every home in the county, and the one hundred
per cent in a great many cases appeared with it. The reports from
the branches showed a membership of: Alta, 844; Albert City, 294;
Fairview, 192; Highview, 116; Linn Grove, 349; Marathon, 222;
Newell, 741 ; Rembrandt, loi ; Storm Lake, 2060; Sioux Rapids, 544;
Truesdale, 90; total, 5553.

656- HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

GENEROUS BUYERS AT SALES

During the first several months of 191 8, nearly all of the branches
held Red Cross sales. At these sales, livestock and a great variety
of dififerent articles that had been donated by^ members, were put up
at auction and the entire proceeds were put into the local treasuries
for the use of the Red Cross. The rural members, in a great many
cases, were particularly generous in the donation of live stock. In
each of the sales, one or more articles was sold and re-sold many times.
To quote from the Pilot-Tribune of April 12th:

Less than a year ago there was no organization in Buena Vista
County known as the Red Cross, and it is safe to say that not ten
people in a hundred knew what the society stood for. Yet in the
past three months, men, women and children have dug down into
their pockets and given willingly nothing short of $100,000 to keep
the Red Cross from financial handicap and embarrassment. Buena
Vista County can vie with other counties in the state for the number
of successful Red Cross sales. In the last three months $60,000 was
netted in eight sales in the county.

In the May war drive, the Buena Vista allotment was $13,000.
While Red Cross speeches were made throughout the county. Red
Cross sermons given in the churches, literature distributed, pennants
and posters hung everywhere on our streets, there was no fear that
the county would fail at any point in the amount expected. There
was the settled conviction that Buena Vista County would always do
its share. More than $13,000 was ready the first day of the drive,
each branch of the county having given its pro rata share.

There was held in Storm Lake a chapter course in home service
work, with Mr. Mannheimer and Mrs. Crooks, sent out by the State
University, instructors. Home service work, already under head-
way here, was strengthened by this course.

LADIES INTO FOREIGN WORK

Miss Jennie Skewis went from our chapter to Chicago to take a
six weeks' course in a Home Service Institute held there in June.
After taking the course, financing herself as she wished to do, she was
willing to return and work at home, but found a field in Chicago that
needed her experience more than this community did, so she was re-
leased and is still devoting her talents to the work there, without re-
muneration of any kind.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 657

The appeal for nurses for service abroad called from ovir county
Miss Eva Delbridge, Miss Ida Schweitzer, and Miss Josephine Hoflf-
man of Storm Lake; Miss Irene Robar of Alta; Miss Stacy and Miss
Blanche A Merry of Sioux Rapids, and Miss Taletta Haroldson of
Rembrandt. Miss Edith Dunn and Miss Hughena Burns registered
for service, but had not received their call at the time the armistice
was signed. The remaining graduate nurses registered for home
service and during the influenza epidemic gave their services freely.

The Red Cross assisted the Council of Defense in a campaign for
student nurses to take training. As a result several young women
from this county are now in hospitals preparing for the profession
of nursing.

METHODS OF WORK

A committee appointed for'the purpose, had prepared a "Red Cross
Map" defining the territory of each branch, where the branch had not
defined its own territory when organized. The entire county was
now Red Cross territory, Lincoln-Lee coming in at this time. Chapter
headquarters received literature and instructions from division head-
quarters in Chicago, and the branches the same through the chapter
offices — the chapter being responsible to the division for the branches.
All articles made by the branches were brought to Storm Lake for
inspection and shipment.

Up to this time we had been urged to make and send in as many
supplies of all kinds as possible, buying our materials on the open
market, or in Chicago at the supply house. But now the plan was
changed, and we were given county quotas to make in surgical dress-
ings, hospital supplies, knitting, etc. Now we were asked to cease
purchasing on the open market and buy all goods in Chicago at the
supply house. Orders were obeyed and the change was made.

National headquarters at Washington had developed system, and
in the interest of conservation of materials and labor, issued a general
order that the promiscuous making of garments must cease. Each
of the thirteen divisions would now be given a quota of garments to
be furnished and made, each division dividing its quota among the
chapters in its division, the chapters re-dividing among the branches.
Formerly each of our branches had bought as much material and made
as many articles as it desired, now the chapter receiving its dictum
from the division, found it necessary to dictate the amount of work

658 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

for each branch, which dictation, it may be added, was always cheer-
fully accepted.

At this time it became evident that the luorking capacity of each
branch was not always equal to its financial ability, so it was decided
by the board of directors to divide the work among the branches, ac-
cording to the amount of work the women were able to do, but to let
the burden of the payment for the necessary materials be divided pro
rata among the branches according to the population of the territory
included in each branch, reckoned by townships. In this way each
branch would bear its own financial responsibility regardless of the
number of garments it could make. This proved acceptable to the
county, and was in effect after that time. The following is each
branch's proportion of the county's responsibility: Storm Lake,
24.31 per cent; Newell, 14.05 per cent; -Sioux Rapids, 7.02 per cent;
Alta, 13.53 P^r cent; Fairview, 4.38 per cent; Highview, 3.03 per
cent; Linn Grove, 5.31 per cent; Marathon, 7.2 per cent; Albert City,
9.61 per cent; Rembrandt, 4.66 per cent; Truesdale, 5.1 per cent;
Lincoln-Lee, 1.8 per cent.

When the edict went forth to do only the work contained in the
quota given by headquarters, nearly all the branches were overstocked
with materials. As the quota given by the division might not de-
mand the kinds of material the branches happened to have in stock,
there probably would be the necessity for buying other materials
while already heavily stocked with material of a different kind. Thus
would come a failure in conservation of yarns and cloths, besides ty-
ing up the branches' funds in unused materials which, bought at a
high price, would later deteriorate in price. The chapter came to the
rescue, taking over the goods from the branches at cost price as per
invoice, giving each branch credit for the same, assembling the goods
at Storm Lake, then sending an invoice of all assembled goods to the
division with the request that so far as possible, Buena Vista County
Chapter be given quotas in which these goods could be used; quota,
which in time to come would cover the amounts and kinds of mate-
rials held by the chapter. This cooperation was gladly promised and
all goods have been used in quotas, and few other purchases have been
made. Several thousand dollars' worth of goods was thus conserved
and made into garments of mercy for hospitals and refugees' relief.

"No flaws in Buena Vista County Red Cross" said Mrs. Aileen

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 659

Dougherty, field secretary of the Red Cross, as she addressed an as-
semblage of Storm Lake and county workers in a meeting called for
that purpose, August 8th, and she pronounced the county organiza-
tion "perfect," admitting, however, that she ought to find some flaws,
but after going over the work of the administration, in justice to the
officers and workers, she must state that it was quite flawless. She
said that she expected to find an organization which was good because
she was met at the depot by a member of the Red Cross Motor Corps,
Lieutenant Steig, and conveyed to her appointment. Aside from,
possibly, Des Moines, Storm Lake's cor])s was the first to be organized
in the state, and she called us "up to the minute."

RED CROSS PICNIC

The officers and committee chairmen of the chapter, had planned
a picnic for the Red Cross workers throughout the county, and had
issued invitations to all the branches to that effect, when the official
call came for a large number of our boys to leave for service on that
day. Hurriedly, the picnic plans were changed, the date set forward
a day, and the entire population of the county invited to participate
in a farewell program and picnic in honor of the boys of Buena Vista
County, who upon the following morning, would leave for war ser-
vice.-

Many Storm Lake business men volunteered their assistance to the
committee in charge, Mrs. L. M. Nusbaum and Mrs. W C. Kerlin,
and all possible arrangements were made for the big event.

The early afternoon brought to the picnic grounds thousands of
people — "the largest crowd ever seen in Storm Lake." Our soldiers
(not yet in khaki) having received their instructions at the court
house, were conveyed by the ladies of the motor corps with shining
cars and fluttering pennants, to the park where seats had been re-
served for them.

Then followed a fine program of inspiring speeches and good vocal
and instrumental music, the Linn Grove band and the Storm Lake
orchestra participating. After the program, came the picnic supper.
Long tables were provided for the guests of honor, but the immense
crowd of people sat in groups on the grass. Coffee and ice cream
were served free and in great abundance by the Storm Lake business
men, proving an agreeable addition to the basket fare.

66o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The beautiful park aglow with the late afternoon sun and dotted
with white cloths covered with delectable food, and surrounded by
people who had come from the ends of the county to do tribute to the
county's young manhood, was a scene long to be remembered by all
and presented a picture that each young soldier doubtless carried with
him across seas.

Probably the most pleasant and inspirational occurrences of the
year were the "get together" meetings of the county workers which
were held from time to time. Speeches, reports, round table discuss-
ions, etc., were usually the order of the afternoon and great loyalty
and unanimity of purpose were shown.

In October a big county autumn festival was planned by the D.A.R.
and many tickets were sold, but the Spanish influenza epidemic made
it necessary to indefinitely postpone the festival.

SUPPLY NURSES AT CRITICAL TIME

During the influenza epidemic a nurses' registry was established
with Mrs. J. A. Schmitz in charge. In this way nurses were supplied
to the dififerent parts of the county at a time when they were most
needed. Later, with the assistance of Mrs. A. E. Webb, a complete
survey of the county was made.

REORGANIZE WITH 6109 MEMBERS

The annual meeting and election, which occurs in October, was
postponed on account of Spanish influenza. It was finally held No-
vember 20th, only a small number being in attendance through fear
of exposure in a public meeting. Officers were elected as follows:
Mrs. George M. Pedersen, Chairman ; Mrs. J. A. Schmitz, vice-chair-
man; Mrs. George Sedwick, secretary; P. C. Toy, treasurer.

The annual report of the secretary and treasurer shows a chapter
membership at the beginning of the year, of 2603, and at the close
of the year, 6109, as follows: Alta, 881 ; Albert City, 319; Fairview,
219; Highview, 122; Linn Grove, 378; Lincoln-Lee, 115; Marathon,
271 ; Rembrandt, 125; Sioux Rapids, 619; Storm Lake, 2161 ; Trues-
dale, 118.

As a natural consequence of the cessation of hostilities and the
advent of peace, the entire section for military relief throughout the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 66i

county became inactive. Finished quotas were sent in and no new
work along" military lines received.

Greater activity was demanded of the communities on refugees'
relief, and a few heavy quotas were received, which have been fininshed
to the last garment and sent on their way and the committees relieved.

A great amount of praise should be given the faithful women who
remained constant to their trust after the battle urge had ceased, and
the army of workers had retired from the field and resumed their
usual tasks. The members of the refugees' relief committee did a
great share of the work themselves, one member alone making six
dozen pinafores. The assembled goods of the chapter were all used
in this relief work, as well as some other goods purchased from the
Chicago supply house.

In the Christmas campaign for members for 1919, the membership
was increased from 6109 to 6619, even though only adults were so-
licited. (Since the organization of the Junior Red Cross all those
under eighteen years of age were solicited for Junior memberships
only). The roster of those handling this campaign is as follows:

Chairman, T. D. Filers; publicity representative, A. F. Harrison;
cashier, Ray Cutchall ; manager of supplies, Fred P. Foster.

CHAIRMAN OF BRANCHES

Alta, C. H. Wegerslev; Albert City, Geo. R. Anderson; Fairview,
Miss Nellie M. Johnson; Highview, Mrs. Mike Hanson; Linn Grove,
C. A. Fulton; Lincoln-Lee, Miss Bea Gavin; Marathon, L. C. Bruwell;
Newell, Miss Halley Kinney; Rembrandt, A. D. Odor; Sioux Rapids,
C. L. Sipe; Storm Lake, rural, John Doyle; Storm Lake, city, Miss
Grace Mack; (Ward i, Mrs. Jim Brown; Ward 2, Mrs. Harry Foster;
Ward 3, Mrs. E. G. Scofield; Ward 4, Mrs. E. W. Oates).

GOOD SPIRIT PREVAILED

Much praise and appreciation is due the A.R.C. committees and
their helpers for the untiring and successful work done by them and
for their fine and cheerful cooperation with officers and executive
committee. The absence of friction in the machinery would indicate
that the lubricant of unselfishness was fully administered and a splen-
did harmony and team work were the result.

It is scarcely possible that any county could be more patriotic than

662 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Buena Vista, as is fully demonstrated by the work and self-sacrifice
of its Red Cross women, who gave their strength, their rest periods,
and worked on in fatigue, their slogan "Carry On." No request in
the name of the Red Cross was ever refused or ignored. As well as
wives proud of their husbands and sons, there are many husbands
and sons proud of the part their wives and mothers took in winning
the war.

However, not alone should the women receive the credit for Red
Cross accomplishment. The men of the county in their work on
committees, in public speaking, in financial support, and in many other
ways were a tower of strength.

SOLDIERS ADVISED ON ALLOTMENTS

Shortly after the United States entered the war with Germany,
and when it became apparent that under the provisions of the federal
law that the matters of allotments, allowances, and insurance would
be a very important factor in connection with the service of the sol
diers and sailors in the army and navy of the United States, the Ad-
jutant General of the State of Iowa, issued a commission to a member
of the legal profession in each county to take care of this matter. A.
D. Bailie was appointed in this county to look after the interests of
soldiers, sailors, and their dependents in Buena Vista County. During
the period of the war a vast number of cases came under his care,
and careful consideration and attention was given each and every
individual case.

After the appointment of Judge Bailie to the above position, the
Red Cross organization of the county elected him to the position of
chairman of the committee on civilian relief of the American Red Cross.
In some cases financial help has been secured and furnished to de-
serving dependents, pending their receipt of allotments and allow-
ances. Many cases of applications for discharges, furloughs, bonuses
granted by the federal government, and applications for changes
of insurance policies, reports of death claims, applications for voca-
tional training, and for compensation have been referred to him, and
while there appeared many apparently unwarranted delays in i)ro-
curing allotments and allowances for the benefit of dependents of sol-
diers and sailors in the service, such delays have been occasioned by
the congested business of the department at Washington.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 663

In addition to the above duties, Mr. Bailie has been called upon to
give time and attention to correspondence between families and rela-
tives with the soldiers and sailors overseas. Such service was giv-
en with the earnest endeavor to aid those dependent upon the soldiers
and sailors in the service of the United States.

REPORT OF ALBERT CITY BRANCH

A turkey took the honors as one of the large revenue producers for
the Albert City Red Cross. It was sold and re-sold, as were several
other items which were introduced into the sale ring, where W. R.
Ritchie conducted the sale. The membership of this branch in 191 7
was 170; for 1 91 8 it reached 316; the number for 1919 was 217.
Through sales the total amount of money raised for Red Cross work
was $7,931.99; community meals raised $36.45; solicitations and do-
nations contributed $1,084.92 more.

The soliciting committee for 191 7 was Mrs. B. B. Bridge, chair-
man; Mrs. Ben Bryson, Miss Moore, Emil Nissen, Mrs. Danielson,
Mrs. Nero and Mrs. Gust Anderson.

The work committee consisted of Mrs. B. B. Bridge, F. L. Daniel-
son, Mrs. F. Youngquist, Mrs. G. T. Swenson, Florence Hultman,
A. J. Ryden, Mrs. H. Lampe, Mrs. O. M. Farb, John Whitman, Mrs.
Elmer Sundholm, Mrs. Gulbranson, Mrs. Ben Bryson, Mrs. Emil
Nissen, Mrs. Earl Post, Mrs. Nero, and Mrs. W. W. Kischer.

The buying committee was Ed Swanson, Carl Gulbranson, and W.
W. Kischer.

The 191 7 selling committee was comprised of Miss Florence Hult-
man, Mabel Moore, and Amanda Lundgren. Miss Jennie Smith
served as chairman, G. T. Swenson as vice chairman, Miss Moore
as secretary, and G. E. Gulbranson as treasurer. During this year
the branch raised $471.88 and disbursed $45.

The 1 91 8 organization was completed with the election of the same
executive committee as noted above for 1917. New committees were
chosen. The working committee consisted of Mesdames Nero, Ry-
den, Bridge, Lampe, Farb, Earl Post, August Anderson, Sena Lar-
son, F. L. Danielson, F. T. Youngquist, John Whitham, Adolph An-
derson, Amanda Lundgren, C. J. Benna, Lawrence Paulson, and
Mrs. O. C. Anderson.

664 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

A committee for Belgian relief was composed of Mrs. John Whit-
man, Sena Larson, and Mrs. Adolph Johnson.

The directors for 1918 were Miss Sena Larson, Mrs. J. Whitman,
Mrs. L. O. Putnam, Amanda Lundgren, Mrs. Carl Nero, Miss Jennie
Smith, Mrs. G. T. Swenson, Alice Larson, C. E. Gulbranson, George
R. Anderson, Mrs. O. C. Anderson, and A. J. Ryden.

The buying committee for this, the most active year of the Red
Cross work, was Mrs. Ed Swanson and Mrs. E. E. Gulbranson.

The financial committee report shows that for this year there was
received from membership fees and general receipts the sum of
$566.22; from refreshments, $23.15; from donations, $915.74; from
fines for hoarding sugar, $105.15; from Red Cross Sale, $7,718.61;
a total of $9,328.87. Of this amount $500 was disbursed to the
soldiers' relief fund; $112.90 to the Lincoln-Lee branch; $1,485.90 to
the Buena Vista County chapter, and $1,330.90 in general items. At
the end of the year the branch had a net fund of $5,899.17.

When the reorganization was efifected for 1919 Miss Jennie
Smith was elected chairman; Mrs. G. T. Swenson vice chairman;
Alice Larson and Florence Hultman secretaries, and C. E. Gulbran-
son treasurer. The directors chosen were Sena Larson, Mrs. Whit-
man, Mrs. Putnam, Amanda Lundgren, Mrs. Carl Nero, Mrs. G. T.
Swenson, Alice Larson, Jennie Smith, Mrs. C. E. Gulbranson, George
R. Anderson, O. C. Anderson, and A. J. Ryden.

The working committee consisted of Mrs. Frank Youngquist, Sena
Larson, Mrs. John Whitman, Mrs. Andrew Ryden, Mrs. Ed Swan-
son, Mrs. Carl Nero, Mrs. C. E. Gulbranson, Jennie Smith, and Mr.
O. C. Anderson.

Membership fees and sundry items amounted to $333.28; a sale
brought $18.20; and donations amounting to $3 brought the total re-
ceipts for the year to $354.48. With the liberal balance left from
the previous year the branch was able to contribute to general ex-
penses the sum of $631.80; and to the Buena Vista County chapter
the sum of $355.26.

Mrs. J. G. Lodine, who, on July 10, 1919, reached her eighty-fifth
birthday, knitted eight scarfs, ten sweaters, and four pairs of socks
for the Red Cross.

Edwin Farb, though paralyzed and permitted the use of only one
hand, knitted seven sweaters for the Red Cross. He is thirty-two

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 665

years of age and lives with his sister, Mrs. F. T. Youngquist, at Al-
bert City.

REPORT OF ALTA BRANCH

Alta's branch of the Red Cross was organized June 9, 191 7, short-
ly after this nation had entered the war against Germany and the
Central Powers. A preliminary drive in the month of June netted
840 members from the territory assigned, which was all of Maple
Valley and practically all of Nokomis Townships. The amount of
funds raised from the preliminary campaign was modest, compared
with amounts raised afterward, but withal, the membership as com-
pared to population was the highest ratio in the county.

From the very start a spirit of willingness to work and to give
characterized the Red Cross in the Alta branch. The women who
worked did so willingly day after day, and it is a commendable fact,
indeed, that every quota of work allotted was completed on schedule
time, and shipments were never delayed to await the Alta branch.

The Junior Red Cross, organized in the schools, registered 100 per
cent efficient, every child of the age being enrolled and all work as-
signed was complete on time and in an accredited manner.

In the spring of 1918 it was felt that the membership campaigns
were not productive of the necessary financial aid, and therefore, in
the month of March a Red Cross day was arranged, with the result
that the proceeds of one day's efiforts were in the neighborhood of
$12,000 — the largest amount raised by any one branch of the Red
Cross in Buena Vista County, and of which the branch felt justly
proud. The funds were raised by an auction sale of a huge assort-
ment of articles, from pigs to books, from corn to cakes, but most re-
markable was the sale and resale of a small goat which brought in
the neighborhood of $5,000 before the final bid. A supper served in
the community room at the school building at the close of the street
sale served hundreds of people, and was followed by an inspiring pro-
gram.

In the fall of 1918, when the influenza epidemic swept the communi-
ty, the Red Cross opened an emergency hospital at which a large
number of cases were cared for. It is remarkable that while many
deaths occurred elsewhere the fatalities here were very low, owing
to excellent care at the outset.

After the armistice was signed in November it was believed that

666 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

there would be no interest in Red Cross work, but in spite of that the
canvass for members in December following the cessation of hostili-
ties, netted the largest membership of the three general solicitations
recorded.

It is also to be recorded here that during the shortage of help dur-
ing the harvest season of igiS, when so many of the young men were
absent overseas and in the training camps in this country, the busi-
ness and professional men of the town went to the fields and assist-
ed in caring for the crops on the ground. From this source close to
$2CO was paid into the Red Cross treasury and the crop, so badly need-
ed, was saved in several instances. The humble "wienie" contributed
of its goodness to the swelling of Red Cross finances, for sale of
sandwiches netted $285. On April i, 191 9, the organization had in
its funds a balance of $5,250.17. Members had made surgical dress-
ings to the number of 6,264, while the total number of pieces made by
the senior and junior organizations reached the splendid total of
10,585.

Pomegranate Lodge No. 408, A. F. and A. M., jointly with the I. O.
O. F. fraternity, donated an electric sewing machine for the work
room. Cash donations were made by many individuals, as well as
by the following organizations: Northside Club, Wednesday Club,
La Coterie, Danish Ladies' Aid Society, Presbyterian Ladies' Aid
Society, Mission Ladies' Aid Society, Alta Chapter, O.E.S., Naomi
Circle, and Rebeka Lodge.

Christmas day of 1917 was made happy for twenty-five boys in
camps by the receipt of special packets which had been filled by Red
Cross workers at home.

The Red Cross, in the community, was of lasting benefit in many
ways, but chief was that it taught unselfish giving and brought to
mind that most valued tenet, that the land we love is entitled to our
best endeavors and heartiest support.

The list of officers changed in only one instance during the three
years that the organization was intact. Mrs. J. Wilkinson served as
president through the three years, as did Mrs. J. H. Allen in the office
of vice chairman, and Mrs. G. F. Tincknell in the position of treas-
urer. Miss A. E. Johnson was the first secretary of the organiza-
tion, but was succeeded by Mrs. Wm. Rawn, whose period of service
extended through the years 1918 and 1919. Upon organization of

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 667

the branch a membership of 840 was enrolled, which the following
year was increased to 872, and in 1919 limited as it was to those above
eighteen years of age, was 878. Below is a complete statement
from June 9, 191 7, to April i, 1919:

Receipts: Memberships, $2,114; refmids from chapter, $1,006.46;
contributions, $681.19; auction sale, $9,210.95; supper, $473.59; tags,
$235.07; fines, "Rooster Court," $149; post cards, $24.50; fancy work
booth. $193.70; "wienie" stand, $285; skating rink benefit, $88.35;
harvest help, $177; help on park walk, $30; supplies returned, $144.29;
"flu" hospital, $113.75; a total of $14,926.85.

Disbursements: Supplies and materials, $3,557.76; express, tele-
phone, postage, etc., $22.44; workroom equipment and maintenance
of branch, $143.75; emergency "flu" hospital, $191.81; home ser-
vice, $431.70; war loan apportionment, $1,758.90; Syrian- Armenian
relief fund, $2,035 J memberships sent to national headquarters,
$1,535.32; balance on hand April i, 1919, $5,250.17.

COMPLETE LIST OF ARTICLES MADE

Surgical dressings: 200 absorbent cotton pads, 8x12, 104 irri-
gation pads, paper back, 16x24, 8 irrigation pads, paper back, 12x18,
50 muslin triangular bandages, 26 split irrigation pads, 21x26, 585
compresses, 8x4 ^4, 85 scultetus bandages, 75 shot bags, 15 webbing
splint straps, 161 5 sponges, 2x2^, 32 five-yard gauze rolls, 75 dress-
ing pads, paper back, 18x23, 2040 compresses, 4x4, 975 compresses,
9x9, 60 folded gauze strips, 45 four-tail bandages, 65 T bandages,
105 abdominal bandages, ^t, three-yard gauze rolls, 60 face masks,
II pneumonia jackets.

Junior Red Cross articles: 186 refugee garments, 200 knitted ar-
ticles. 10 knitted afghans, 825 surgical dressings, 18 hospital supplies,
26 miscellaneous.

Hospital supplies: 93 pillow cases, 35 sheets, 36 towels, 116 hos-
pital bed sheets, 148 suits of pajamas, 74 convalescent robes, 29 caps,
10 handkerchiefs.

Refugee garments: 17 boys' blouse suits, 65 women's chemises,
96 girls' drawers, 7 girls' dresses, 224 pieces for infants' layettes,
21 girls' nightgowns, 42 girls' petticoats, 26 women's petticoats, 30
girls' pinafores, 24 boys' drawers, 30 children's undershirts, 20
camisoles.

668 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

For soldiers and sailors: 312 sweaters, 67 helmets, 266 pairs of
wristlets, 72 mufflers, 674 pairs of socks, 139 comfort bags filled, 12
comfort bags, 11 housewives, 63 handkerchiefs, 20 towels, 75 wash
cloths, 107 napkins hemmed, 21 pairs of bed socks, 74 knitted wash
cloths.

Report of Fairview Branch

In June, 19 17, a community gathering was held at the Fairview
Consolidated School for the purpose of organizing the Fairview
branch of the American Red Cross. A program was given, with A.
L. Whitney and Roy U. Kinne of Storm Lake as the principal speak-
ers, after which a basket social was held for the benefit of the Red
Cross.

The proceeds of the sale amounted to $31.20, which constituted
the original fund of the branch. Mrs. Parish, chairman of the Storm
Lake branch, was present at this meeting, organizing the sub-branch
with 76 members. Mrs. G. R. Fanning was elected president, Mrs.
Wm. Bice, vice chairman; H. W. Hasse, treasurer, and Mrs. Joe
Steig, secretary. It was decided at this time that the branch would
meet every Tuesday afternoon for work, after which tea would be
served at ten cents each, this money to be used for a "comfort kit
fund." This fund was pledged to the purpose of providing each of
the Fairview boys with a comfort kit, sweater, and $5 in cash when
entering the service.

At the end of 1917 the branch had $75.25 on hand, and a member-
ship of 183. The year 1918 proved to be a very successful one for
the branch. A new membership of 212 was taken. On February
1 2th a Red Cross sale and dinner were held at the schoolhouse, where
a large and enthusiastic crowd made both a success. E. E. Rutledge
of Alta and James Blake of Fairview were auctioneers. A turkey
was the principal article for resale, selling as many as twenty times
at sums totaling $284. The receipts of the sale were $1,360.85,
while the dinner netted $97.50.

In June, at the time of the war fund campaign, the branch sub-
scribed $609, an over-subscription of $159.60. At the end of the
year the sum of $1,288.87 remained on hand. During the Christmas
roll call for 191 9 members, a membership of 285 was enrolled, show-
ing an increase of 201 members since the organization of the branch.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 669

Even after the armistice was signed the workers did not lose interest
but kept up their work, which, of course, was not as strenuous as
previously.

About 700 articles were made, including hospital supplies and knit-
ted goods.

On July 24, 1918, the Fairview branch, in cooperation with the
Alta branch, gave a farewell at Alta to the boys who left on July 25th
for Camp Gordon.

About thirty-three boys of this branch were in the service, two of
whom made the supreme sacrifice. As soon as a number of the boys
returned a "Welcome Home" was given at the schoolhouse, which
proved to be one of the most enjoyable events of the community. On
June 14th another reception was given to twenty of the boys. An-
other was held in November.

At the time of the making of this report, early in September, 1919,
the branch still had in its treasury the sum of $1,332.23.

The 700 aricles made were classified as follows: 8 summer bed
shirts, 6 winter bed shirts, 5 pairs of bed socks, 18 handkerchiefs, 57
underdrawers, 15 sheets, 155 pillow cases, 19 dish towels, 24 bath
towels, 96 wash cloths, 6 hot water bag covers, 10 hospital comfort
bags, 20 refugees' drawers, 49 sweaters, 157 pairs of socks, 11 muff-
lers, II helmets, 13 wristlets.

The chairmen of the different committees were: Supplies, Mrs.
Wm. Bice ; hospital supplies, Francis Johnson, Matilda Madsen ; ship-
ping, Mrs. Oscar Bodine; knitting, Mrs. Wm. Bice; sewing, Mrs. Roy
Fanning; serving, Mrs. H. W. Haase; soliciting money, United States
Red Cross War Fund, Nellie M. Johnson; memberships, 1918, Ar-
thur Rehstrom; memberships, 1919, Nellie M. Johnson.

The following amounts, which were raised by the means indicated,
were sent to the National Red Cross: PubHc sale, $1,360.85; com-
munity meals, $97.50; solicitation, $790.00; basket social, $31.20.

Under date of March 10, 1919, the branch appropriated $248.93 to
national headquarters, leaving $1,200 in the treasury. This was ap-
portioned among three different causes, with $400 each to relief work,
home service, and Red Cross. Additions were made to this fund
until, on the ist of July, 1919, the branch had on hand the sum ot
$i,332.23-

670 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Report of Highview Branch

The big item of funds raised by the Highview Red Cross was
$2,949.17, which was netted from an auction sale held March 19, 1918,
at which E. E, Rutledge of Alta was the auctioneer. For communi-
ty meals there was reahzed the sum of $111 ; by solicitation $131 ; sale
of ice cream $85; with a total of $3,793. The membership for 1917
was 39, in 191 8 it grew to 121, and for 1919 memberships subscribed
were 158.

The branch made 8;^ hospital garments, 312 pieces of hospital
supplies, filled 25 comfort kits, made 58 refugee garments, and 256
articles for soldiers and sailors.

When the first effort was made to secure a large membership Emil
Chindlund was chairman of the organization which had charge of
the work; with Lillian Chilgren as assistant. The third member-
ship drive was under the leadership of Mrs. Mike Hansen.

Highview banqueted every quota before leaving for camp, and also
gave each soldier five dollars at his departure from camp. The final
home coming given the men of that community was on October 3, 1919.

Report of Linn Grove Branch

Final accounting of the work done by this branch shows the follow-
ing quantities of hand work: Knitted — 36 wash cloths, 325 pairs
of socks, 97 sweaters, 13 helmets, 48 wristlets, 115 mufflers or scarfs.
Sewed — 48 pajamas, 8 bed socks, 54 bed sheets, 48 pillow cases, 24
face towels, 18 bath towels, 36 hospital shirts, 20 pinafores, 15 draw-
ers, 15 shirts, 10 skirts, 20 complete kits, 15 Belgian waists, 36 con-
valescent gowns, 20 wash cloths.

Activities of a social nature which brought some revenues and in-
come producing work are shown by the following calendar :

June 21, 1917, general meeting called for organization; officers
elected.

May loth, opened Red Cross work room.

July 4th, served lunches all day ; proceeds $130.

August 8th, tag day sales, netted $34.25.

September 9th, piano recital, netted $13.23.

During November, 191 7, proceeds of two basket ball games given
to the Red Cross.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 671

December i7th-24th, booster campaign for memberships.

In December filled twenty Christmas boxes to be sent overseas.

March 29, 1918, held Red Cross sale and supper, receipts $5,603.31.
A mounted silk flag donated by Ole Fuller, an overseas boy, was
sold and resold, then was finally given to mother of donor. W. R.
Ritchie, auctioneer.

April, 1918, Junior Red Cross formed.

April, 1918, band concert by local band netted $70.50.

Sale of Red Cross thimbles, $52.35.

In August, 1 91 8, held community farewell reception to drafted boys.

December 13, 1918, emergency hospital started.

February 25, 1919, reception for returned soldier boys.

August 28th, home coming day for soldier boys.

Receipts: Tag sale, $34.25; community meals, $497.36; lectures,
$133.55; concerts, $177.43; contributions, $111; memberships,
$1,333-55; refunds, from chapter, $722.34; sale, $5,745.01; other
sources, $126.06; a total of $8,880.55.

Disbursements: Express and drayage, $8.62; materials, $870.36;
supplies, $110.73; home aid, $218; memberships, $1,618.42; allotments,
$857.30; war savings stamps, $832; certificates of deposit, $3,523.47;
miscellaneous, $283.98; cash on hand February 15, 1919, $557.23.

Memberships for 1917, 161; for 1918, 377; for 1919, 350.

Chairman of soliciting committees: 1917, A. H. Barnette; 1918,
Dr. C. S. Van Ness; 1919, C. A. Fulton. Chairman knitting- com-
mittee, Mrs. Andrew Johnson; to choose work, Mrs. J. T. Evans,
Mrs. H. E. Erickson; purchasing committee, Mrs. O. H. Hesla, su-
pervising committee, Mrs. C. W. Rowlands, Mrs. C. A. Fulton; home
work, Mrs. C. A. Fulton, Mrs. Maggie Mayne; publicity committee,
Mrs. George Evans ; to put away work, Mrs. J. E. Davies ; finance com-
mittee, Dr. C. S. Van Ness.

During the year 1917-1918 Mrs. Wm. Rutter was chairman; Mrs.
O. H. Hesla, vice chairman; Miss Rose Larson, secretary; H. L.
Pierce, treasurer. Upon the reorganization being effected for 1918-
1919 Mrs. Ida Michalson was named chairman; Mrs. H. E. Erickson,
vice chairman ; while Miss Larson was retained as secretary and Mr.
Pierce as treasurer.

6y2 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Report op Marathon Red Cross Branch

The Marathon branch of the American Red Cross Society was or-
ganized in the month of June, in 191 7, with the assistance of Mrs. U.
S. Parish, who was at that time the chairman of the Buena Vista
County chapter, and other ladies from the county-seat, with A. L.
Whitney as speaker. The organization meetings were held at the
Masonic Hall, and the following officers were elected: Chairman,
Mrs. T. L. Roberts; vice chairman, Mrs. J. A. Hitchcock; secretary,
Mrs. M. R. Soth ; treasurer, J. H. Wegerslev.

The chairman appointed a committee on membership, consisting of
Messrs. E. R. Peters, N. G. Olney, and J. E. Ekstam.

In July a meeting of the entire membership was held at the school
building at which time the following were chosen on the board of di-
rectors: One year term — Mrs. T. H. Welch, J. W. Couch, N. G.
Olney, E. B. Wells, C. W. Kettle, J. A. Hitchcock, Eugene Garton,
Mrs. W. J. Miller, Mrs. J. A. Hitchcock, Mrs. Laura Figert; two
year term — Mrs. M. R. Soth, J. D. Wolcott, T. H. Welch, W. R.
Ritchie, W. J. Miller, Mrs. W. M. Howe, Mrs. A. A. Wells, Mrs.
Thomas Roberts, Mrs. J. D. Wolcott, Mrs. James Thomas; three
year term — Mrs. J. Delahunt, R. E. Belden, R. W. Williams, J. W.
Jenson, Mae Campbell, Mrs. J. H. Wegerslev, Mrs. M. W. Gamble,
Mrs. T. L. Roberts, Joel E. Johnson.

The chairman appointed an executive committee as follows : the
officers of the chapter and Mrs. E. B. Wells, Mrs. J. Delahunt, W. J.
Miller, J. W. Couch, R. E. Belden, and T. H. Welch. Other com-
mittees appointed were: Purchasing committee — Mrs. A. A. Wells,
Mrs. Geary and Mrs. W. F. Couch; work room and equipment —
J. W. Jenson, L. C. Burwell, Mrs. J. W. Jenson, Mrs. W. M. Mather,
Mrs. E. R. Peters, Mrs. T. H. Welch, Mrs. W. J. Watts, Mrs. Frank
Erickson, and Mrs. M. W. Gamble.

Activity work was taken up at this time in the basement of the
Methodist church, which had been secured for the work room, and
with limited equipment the members did a great deal of work and
always met their quotas in full and in record time. A committee on
sewing had been appointed consisting of Mrs. W.M. Mather as chair-
man, and Maud Ekstam, Claribel Hartshorn, Mrs. C. G. Carlson,
Mrs. Otto Bergling, Mrs. J. B. Parris, Mrs. H. D. Gillespie, Mrs. J.
H. Wegerslev, and Mrs. James Thomas. This committee was sub-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 673

divided as follows: Pajama coats, Mrs. J. H. Wegerslev; pajama
pants, Mrs. James Thomas ; bed shirts, Mrs. W. M. Mather, convales-
cent gowns, Mrs. H. D. Gillespie; bed socks, Claribel Hartshorn;
towels, Maud Ekstam; wash cloths and handkerchiefs, Mrs. J. D.
Delahunt; sheets, Mrs. C. G. Carlson; pillow cases, Mrs. J. B. Parris;
knitting, Mrs. T. H. Welch.

Deep interest was taken by the people of the community in the work
of the chapter and every call for help was met with a liberal and hearty
response. The business men were liberal and donated a share of their
profits at various times. One merchant sent in his bill for supplies
for the chapter marked paid, and also donated various articles. Each
activity was made the occasion of a holiday, and the funds poured
into the treasury in such a manner that there never was any embar-
rassment in that line.

NINETEEN EIGHTEEN

The second year of the chapter was the busy one, and the work
was pushed with much energy, and while the workers were not so
numerous, those who did help did so much that the record for filling
quotas on time never suffered.

The officers of the chapter for this year were: Chairman, Mrs.
T. L. Roberts; vice chairman, W. J. Miller; secretary, Mrs. M. R.
Soth; treasurer, J. H. Wegerslev.

The executive committee was appointed as follows : The officers,
together with Mrs. E. B. Wells, Mrs. J. Delahunt, Mrs. J. A. Hitch-
cock, J. W. Couch, T. H. Welch.

The membership committee was reappointed, and Mrs. Fannie
Starrett was made chairman of the work room with the following
supervisors: Pajama coats, Mrs. J. H. Wegerslev; pajama pants,
Mrs. James Thomas; convalescent gowns, Mrs. H. D. Gillespie; re-
fugee and relief work, Claribel Hartshorn and Carrie Wagner; hos-
pital bed shirts, Maud Ekstam; towels, Mrs. J. W. Couch; sheets,
Lillian Storm; girls' sewing, Sara Patten; knitting, Mrs. T. H.
Welch. A purchasing committee composed of Mrs. E. B. Wells and
Mrs. N. F. Hawk was named by the chairman. The auditing com-
mittee was W. J. Miller and E. R. Peters; and Mrs. W. J. Miller,
Esther Johnson, and Jennie Hartshorn were made the committee on
publicity.

During the year an auction sale was held in the Sundholm ga-

674 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

rage, which was well attended and well patronized. Many useful
articles were donated, and the sale of live stock was quite large. W.
R. Ritchie was the auctioneer, and N. G. Olney, J. H. Wegerslev, and
E. B. Wells acted as clerks. The sale netted the chapter a little
over $4000.00. While this amount was not so large as that of some
of the neighboring towns, it was sufficient to provide plenty of means
with which to carry on the work, and the public in general was not
asked to make further donations. All the funds required from Po-
land Township in the Red Cross drives for funds for the society in
general was paid out of the funds of the local chapter.

The Red Cross work in .the meantime was carried on by the faith-
ful women of the community and each quota of work was turned out
before the time asked for, and each working department was kept
up to standard in efficiency.

During the year Mrs. T. L. Roberts resigned as chairman, and W.
J. INIiller was elected to take her place, his place as vice chairman
being filled by Mrs. E. B. Wells.

This year the work was not so active, and all unfinished work was
being rapidly completed. The officers of the society were as follows:
Chairman, W. J. Miller; vice chairman, Mrs. E. B. Wells; secretary,
Mrs. M. R. Soth; treasurer, J. H. Wegerslev.

In January Mrs. Soth resigned as secretary and the treasurer was
elected to fill the office until the next annual meeting.

FINANCIAL STATEME:nT

Receipts: Memberships, $1008.15; auction sale $4164.93; other
activities, $694.98 ; Nichols lecture, $1 12.75 ; home talent play, $207.64 :
Decoration Day benefit, $188.69; band concerts, $31.25; shocking
oats, $35; received from Buena Vista chapter, $476.09; a total of
$6919.48.

Expenditures: Supplies, $1264.83; paid Buena Vista chapter,
$1026.92; express and freight, $19.27; local chapter expense, $689.10;
second Red. Cross drive, $936; balance on hand, $2983.36.

In the membership drive, which was conducted by L. C. Burwell,
the last registered membership was 540.

The Junior Red Cross made 30 mufflers, 36 sweaters, 34 pairs of
wristlets, 5 helmets, 6 knitted squares, 2 quilts, i set of quilt blocks,
3 wash cloths, i ciuilt that was made by the sixth grade.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 675

The Marathon branch knitted for soldiers: 29 helmets, 201 sweat-
ers, 54 mufflers, 128 pairs of wristlets, 448 pairs of socks, 4 knitted
lap robes, 10 wash cloths, 7 knitted squares.

They made five one-patient outfits, each consisting of 15 suits of
pajamas, 10 bed shirts, 15 bed socks, 15 socks, 5 convalescent gowns,
20 hand towels, 10 bath towels, 15 wash rags, 5 slippers, 30 hand-
kerchiefs.

Hospital supplies — 97 towels, 19 bath towels, 3 table napkins, 44
hospital bed shirts, 107 suits of pajamas, 80 convalescent gowns, 43
bed socks, 8 small bags, 42 handkerchiefs, 31 bed shirts, 17 helpless
case shirts, 5 taped bed shirts, 48 property bags, 40 comfort bags, 2
comforts, 30 draw sheets, 39 bed sheets, 46 pillow slips.

Surgical dressings — 1,290 gauze compresses, 105 irrigation pads,
230 four-tail muslin bandages, no abdominal bandages, 15 gauze
rolls, 75 shot bags, 85 many-tail bandages, 36 T bandages, 1,075
gauze wipes.

Refugee garments — ^3 men's undershirts, 3 ladies' underwear, 16
petticoats, 7 hoods, 5 pairs of mittens, 17 dresses, 10 coats, 4 capes,
I overcoat, 2 boys' wool suits, i ladies' suit, 3 ladies' jackets, 22 stock-
ings, 7 caps, 14 suits underwear, 8 undershirts, 6 sweaters, i scarf,
9 vests, 6 dresses, 3 shirts, 2 waists, i house jacket, 4 baby blankets,
I romper suit, 3 aprons, 2 child's dresses, 20 cotton suits, 5 boy's
waists, 20 underdrawers, 50 undershirts, 64 underdrawers, 81 girls'
drawers, 3 pinafores, 15 baby quilts, 63 napkins.

Report of Newell Branch

The Newell Red Cross branch was organized in June, 1917. As
the home boys one after another entered the service interest increased
in the work, reaching a climax January i, 1918. This was Communi-
ty Red Cross day. Nearly every woman throughout the vicinity
brought food for the dinner and some donation for the sale ; while the
men responded generously in giving thoroughbred stock, poultry, etc.

The enthusiasm and optimism of the auctioneer, John Layman, to-
gether with the hearty cooperation of the people, made this sale a
wonderful success and a red letter day in Newell's history, as $10,000
was added to the Red Cross fund.

The fine dinner served in Union Hall, cafeteria style, put every-
one in good humor and ready for lively bidding. A twenty-six pound

676 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

turkey was the object of greatest interest, eclipsing the American
eagle in its flight — as it soared from thirty cents a pound to over
$140 a pound, netting about $3,800. Later, this notable turkey was
sent to President Woodrow Wilson at Washington, D. C, and his
message of thanks will always be prized by the recipient.

The treasury now being so generously supplied with funds, quanti-
ties of material were ordered, to be ready for the making of the need-
ed supplies. Much credit is due to the chairmen of the several com-
mittees, who worked unceasingly; and the responsiveness of the
workers, ever ready to help "go over the top" with their quotas, was
refreshing. A dozen or more groups of women, aside from those knit-
ting in the homes, worked faithfully week after week making surgical
dressings, hospital supplies, comfort kits, etc.

The Junior Red Cross is worthy of commendation, as they proved
their interest by a one hundred per cent membership and by making
dozens of refuge garments.

The Red Cross work surely proved a blessing, not only to the boys
in service but to those at home, as it was an outlet for

The strivings of the human soul to do

Innumerahlc deeds of service true;

To lift the zvorld fro)n out its sorro'zv vast

To Peace and Love and Brotherhood at last.

Officers of the Newell branch were Mrs. George W. Chancy, presi-
dent; Mrs. W. L. Holtz, secretary ; L. F. Parker, treasurer; and in ad-
dition to these the executive committee consisted of Mrs. James
Rogers, Mrs. W. D. Rust Sr., Mrs. F. C. Foley, Mrs. E. M. Barnard,
Mrs. L. F. Parker, Mrs. Carl Trukken, Mrs. H. H. Linton, Mrs. Wm.
Huxtable, Mrs. George Anderson, Mrs. W. A. Olsen. Membership
increased from 623 in 191 7, to 781 in 1918, and 901 in 19 19. The
branch sent a total of $4,644.64 to the national Red Cross. In ad-
dition to the $10,000 mentioned previously as the returns of the sale
and community supper, the branch raised $3,330.64 by solicitation.
Miss Hallie Kinney directed the membership drive for 191 7 and 1919,
while Mrs. G. W. Chaney directed the work for 1918. The respec-
tive chairman of each working committee was : Knitting, Mrs. Belle
Norton, Mrs. C. A. Althen, Mrs. Peter Madsen; surgical dressings,
Mrs. L. F. Parker, Mrs. C. A. Collins; pajamas, Miss Ella Rasmus-
sen, Mrs. J. E. Holden, Mrs. Wm. Huxtable; hospital shirts, Mrs. G.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 677

W. Chaney, Mrs. Carl Trukken; refugee garments, Mrs. G. W. Cha-
ney, Mrs. Carl Trukken; small articles, Mrs. Henry Williams; com-
fort kits, Mrs. M. A. Armstrong; purchasing, Mrs. F. C. Foley; local
disaster. Dr. F. C. Foley.

Members of this branch made 1,393 hospital garments, 776 items
of hospital supplies, 9,234 surgical dressings, 516 refugee garments,
1,626 articles for soldiers and sailors, 265 parts of layettes, and 2,181
miscellaneous articles.

Newell raised the sum of $15,998.44 for Red Cross purposes. Of
this amount $10,000 was raised in the Red Cross auction sale and this
sum was used to provide materials for local work. In the several
membership drives $1,314 was secured; in the first war fund the sum
of $1,504.16 was subscribed, and in the second war drive it was in-
creased to $1,826.48. These last three items were all forwarded to
the National Red Cross.

Auctioneers whose work contributed to the success of the Red
Cross sale were E. P. and John Layman and C. A. Bodholt.

Report of Sioux Rapids Branch

The Sioux Rapids branch of the Amercian Red Cross was organ-
ized at the home of Mrs. T. M. Murdock May 25, 1917, by represen-
tatives of the several aid societies, having fourteen names. A mem-
bership campaign was soon started and the membership brought up
to an efficient working force.

Work in hospital supplies was started in the Masonic Hall under
the chairmanship of Mrs. George Boynton, while Mrs. E. M. Duroe
conducted the campaign for knitted garments from her home. Later,
the work room was moved to the Bank of Sioux Rapids building
until 1918, when the plan of small circles in various homes under com-
petent directors was adopted.

In January the making of surgical dressings was started in the
rooms of the Bank of Sioux Rapids, with Mrs. A. W. Wilson as
chairman. This work was later carried on at the schoolhouse. In
practically every instance the cooperation of everyone was fine and
the many calls for work most cheerfully complied with. This time
of anxiety to all proved to be also a time of better understanding of
each other. The spirit of "get together" which was engendered and

678 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

the broader charity developed are a testimony of the vakie of ser-
vices for others.

The membership which was 497 in 191 7, grew to 572 in 1918, and
for 1919 it was 306. The total money sent to the National Red Cross
was $1,926.76. For local work there was raised at a public sale, at
which W. R. Ritchie was the auctioneer, the sum of $7,000.17. At
this sale a rooster and a calf were sold and resold until each brought
a large sum. C. L. Sipe was chairman of the committee which per-
fected and carried out the plans for this sale.

During the year 191 7 Mrs. A. W. Wilson served as chairman,
while Mrs. R. R. Burr and Mrs. J. A. Smith acted as secretary. Mrs.
L. R. White was chairman for the two years, 1918-1919; the secre-
tary for 1918 was Mrs. W. H. Clark and for 1919 was Mrs. G. M.
Sherman. The chairman of the knitting committee was Mrs. E. M.
Duroe during 191 7, but for the following two years Mrs. L P. David-
son served in that capacity. The chairman of hospital supplies for
1917 was Mrs. George Boynton, while the following two years that
work was directed by Mrs. L. A. Torkelson. The surgical dressings
chairman was Mrs. A. W. Wilson ; chairman of comfort kits, Mrs.
F. Mather ; chairman home service, C. L. Sipe.

During the period of active work of the Siovix Rapids branch the
members made 216 absorbent cotton pads, 20 irrigation pads, 311
bandages, 440 sponges, 85 scultetus bandages, 10 splint straps, 1530
dressings, 108 gun wipe packages, 202 shot bags, 929 gauze wipers,
1,005 hospital garments, 415 pieces of hospital supplies, 539 refugee
garments, 1,244 articles for soldiers and sailors.

First Aid Class

In the spring of 1918 a class in first aid to the injured was organ-
ized in Storm Lake by Mrs. C. F. Wellmerling, chairman of chapter
first aid committee, with Dr. E. D. Banghart as instructor. This
course proved very interesting and profitable to the members of the
class. Examinations were taken and the course completed May 24th,
Those receiving certificates were: Mrs. E. D. Banghart, Edith
Cooke, Dorothy Franke, Mrs. Jas. Holmes, Mrs. C. B. McGill, Mrs.
C. T. Millard, Mrs. Thos. Park, Mrs. E. E. Schor, Mrs. L. S. Todd.
Mrs. Ralph Van Buskirk, Mrs. C. F. Wellmerling, Alice E. Wilcox.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 679

Motor Transport Corps

This branch of service was organized as an adjunct to the Storm
Lake branch of the Red Cross, and its first service was performed in
the fall of 1918 when the Red Cross hospital was established in the
Odd Fellows lodge hall, and the members of the transport corps took
upon themselves the duty of assembling the quantity of kitchen equip-
ment and ward furnishings that were necessary. Mrs. J. H. O'Don-
oghue was commander and Miss Grace Buland the secretary of this
group of workers. During the winter the young lady members
took instruction in driving and quick repair work from competent
mechanics of the city who, in this manner, contributed to the success
of the organization.

In October, 1918, Miss Alta Burns, a member of the corps, went to
Chicago to enlist for overseas service in such work. She was accept-
ed, but the signing of the armistice soon after removed any occasion
for her to go overseas.

Red Cross Notes

Soldiers leaving in the several contingents were each given a com-
fort kit and a housewife, an assemblage of a dozen little conven-
iences which L^ncle Sam did not feel called upon to furnish, but hav-
ing, enabled the soldier boy to be better able to take care of his every
day needs.

In the organization of the Junior Red Cross, forty-eight schools
were organized, with a total of 3,546 pupils. Activities began in
August, 191 7.

As Christmas, 1918, approached, it was announced that only one
parcel of gifts would be permitted to be shipped overseas, and the
handling of these was delegated to the Red Cross.

"The Red Cross Nurse," an interesting war-time play was given
by home talent at Marathon and Storm Lake, in each case netting a
neat sum to the local organizations of the Red Cross.

As a recognition of worthy services rendered, the emblem of the Red
Cross was bestowed upon 100 women who had sewed or knitted
thirty-two hours. Thirty women were presented with crosses and
ribbons for 128 hours of work. This ceremony took place at Storm
Lake May 14, 1918.

When the need of a ■ new element for newly-invented gas masks

68o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

was made known the local Red Cross began the collection of nut
shells and fruit pits, from which was made the charcoal that made
the masks effective. Seven pounds of pits were required for one
mask.

Twenty members took a course of instruction in the home care of
the sick under Mrs. E. S. Ballou.

The proceeds of a public supper given December 21, 191 7, by the
Yeomen lodge of Storm Lake were given to the Red Cross.

Red Cross sales at different points in the county netted approxi-
mate sums as follows: Rembrandt, $5,000; Linn Grove, figures not
given; Highview, $3,200; Albert City, $8,000, included in which was
a turkey that sold at $4,000. At a sale at Fairview Consolidated
School, a rooster sold and resold until it raised $167, while a turkey
brought $200.

Report of Storm Lake Branch

Organization of the Storm Lake branch was effected with practi-
cally the same officers who had been named to lead and direct the
county work, because of their intimate knowledge of the demands
of the task set for them. The first officers were: Chairman, Mrs.
U. S. Parrish; vice chairman, Mrs. J. H. O'Donoghue; secretary,
Mrs. F. P. Kinne ; treasurer, Mr. George J. Schaller.

Funds were needed as well as memberships, and in June, on regis-
tration day, thirty young ladies divided into committees went out to
canvass business and residence districts. At the end of the day they
brought in $700 in money, and presented a roll of five hundred new
members.

Donations were made, the first large one being a gift of $100 by a
member of the P. E. O. sisterhood. Another $100 gift followed short-
ly and many smaller donations were made by interested individuals.

During the summer of 191 7 work in hospital supplies was under
the direction of Mrs. George Coulson, assisted by Mrs. August Dlu-
gosch and Mrs. H. E. Swope. In the making of comforts for fight-
ing men, together with comfort kits and knitting, Mrs. S. B. McMakin
had charge. Mrs. J. A. Schmitz, assisted by Miss Cora Siberall, di-
rected the making of surgical dressings ; Mrs. J. H. O'Donoghue was
superintendent of the women's bureau. A class of first aid was given
a course of instruction by Dr. J. H. O'Donoghue, and examined by

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 6Si

Dr. J. A. Swallum. By the end of this year the Storm Lake branch
had accumulated a fund of $2,256.68 with which to carry on further
work and as a nucleus for a larger fund to be raised through the year.

When it came time to effect a reorganization in October, 1917,
Mrs. J. H. O'Donoghue was named for chairman, Mrs. J. A. Schmitz
as vice chairman, Mrs. George Sedgwick was chosen secretary, and
Mr. P. C. Toy as treasurer.

First aid instruction was continued, with Dr. E. D. Banghart as-
sisting the two physicians who have been formerly mentioned in this
connection. Mrs. Ernest Ballou, herself well trained in the care of
the sick, conducted classes of instruction in this work, while the prob-
lem of dietetics was covered by Miss Violet Pammel, who abandoned
a position as domestic science instructor in the high school to give
service as dietitian in the base hospital at Camp Lewis, Washington.

BLIZZARD ON SALE DAY

During the winter it was decided to hold a Red Cross sale in Storm
Lake to secure funds for the local needs. The sale was to be inau-
gurated by a community dinner at noon, with the sale following, and
supper served at the regular evening hour.

It was hard luck that the day set, January 12, 1918, should prove
to be the most severely cold and stormy day of a record-breaking cold
winter. But even in the midst of this blizzard, one thousand people
surprised the management by appearing at the noon hour at the ap-
pointed place, the Lakeside church, for their dinner. Food was gen-
erously donated for this splendidly served meal. Every creed, class,
and clique was there, working in harmony, for the success of an ef-
fort which demonstrated the finest community spirit ever seen in town.

Postponement of the sale for one week was found to be advisable
because of weather conditins, so it was agreed that another community
dinner should be served. Again a thousand people were fed and
again the committee in charge proved fully equal to the task of din-
ing so large a company generously and with dispatch. For this day
the food had not been solicited, but with the exception of the fresh,
homemade pies had been purchased by the committee and paid for
from the receipts of the dinner.

Reenforced by a good dinner, the company was in good spirits for
the sale which was held in the big Spahn-Rose lumber shed, the wea-

682 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ther being still too cold for an out-of-doors assemblage. The men
largely responsible for the sale, Fred P. Foster, H. G. Mittlestadt, Pat
Clancy, and T. D. Filers, had made a canvass of the county for live
stock which was offered for sale by Ray C. Point, and with other ar-
ticles contributed netted the sum of $8,500. The largest single in-
come producer of the sale was a Red Cross goose which sold and re-
sold until it netted $4,600. This accomplishment won for the bird
sufficient distinction that it was counted a worthy present for a high
dignitary, so the next week Colonel George Currier and E. B. Acker-
man of Province Township took the goose to Iowa's capital city and
presented it to Governor W. L. Harding.

The Red Cross treasury was replenished with $880 from the first
dinner and $380 from the second dinner. With these resources in
the treasury the ladies of the branch and the community were free to
bend all their energies to the making of supplies, without the ne-
cessity of worrying about funds with which to buy the needed materials.

Generosity with the Red Cross did not cease with this effort.
Throughout the year contributions were made to the fund which made
possible a stead}' continuance of work. Donations of time, talent, and
money aided in splendid cooperation with the Red Cross. Especially
should attention be called to the help of the Masonic and Yeoman
lodges, the Order of Eastern Star, the W.C.T.U., the I.O.O.F., the
Storm Lake band, the library board, the Commercial Club, various
women's and girls' clubs and other organizations, as well as many
individuals who gave unsolicitated donations of money. The tele-
phone management and service, the postoffice force, and the press of
the city are credited with services which contributed to the success
of the work.

During the year there were donations made to the amount of
$2269.08, the majority of the donors seeking no publicity through
their gifts. Probably the first in the year was a "tag day" conducted
by the Women's Relief Corps, when $171.17 was netted for the Red
Cross. At a time when the work was urgent and it was facilitated
appreciably by such a gift a kindly disposed citizen presented the
branch with an electric cutting machine for the use of the hospital
supplies and refugees' relief committees.

The Storm Lake band gave weekly concerts all summer and turned

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 683

over their entire net proceeds to the Red Cross, besides giving their
services for the benefit of the organization on other occasions.

Shortage of help was experienced by the farmers during the har-
vest season. Several business men went to the rescue, giving to the
Red Cross the returns of their labor. Young girls, also, went into
the fields and shocked grain, donating their pay also. Ladies gave
their services in arranging dances and luncheons, the proceeds of
which were given to the Reid Cross.

An entertainment feature that attracted unusual attention was
the presentation of "The Red Cross Nurse," with Everett Walker,
comedian, directing, assisted by Roy U. Kinne and Ray Samuels, with
a cast of Storm Lake home talent assisting.

The entire basement of the public library was made available as a
surgical dressings and packing room; the M. E. church basement
provided similar conveniences for the making of hospital supplies and
refugees' relief garments. All of the churches opened their audito-
riums for public gatherings under Red Cross auspices.

When the season became so cold that public buildings which were
only occasionally opened were too cold for assemblage, private homes
were opened for the work of these committees — and, of course, this
involved the use of sewing machines and similar equipment.

NEED FOR EMERGENCY HOSPITAL

Signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918, permitted the Red
Cross to pass the peak of its activities — yet there remained one im-
portant emergency service that could not be overlooked in a time of
such stress.

Buena Vista College had one hundred and twenty-five young men
from this and adjoining counties in the Students Army Training
Corps when the Spanish influenza became an epidemic. Because of
the demand for nurses everywhere it was impossible to get nurses
for individual cases. To meet the situation, a Red Cross hospital
was fitted up in the LO.O.F. hall, where the regalia and lodge ec|uip-
ment had to be removed temporarily for the installation of the hos-
pital equipment. Mrs. Ernest Ballou and Mrs. A. E. Webb assumed
responsibility for management of the afifair and direction of the nurs-
ing, and were given assistance by other nurses. The special commit-
tee appointed to oversee this humanitarian enterprise consisted of

684 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Mayor W. C. Edson, Mrs. J. A. Schmitz, Mrs. Bert Lewis, Mrs. S.
Olinger, Mrs. J. H. O'Donoghue and Mr. George Sedgwick. Dr. E.
F. Smith who had been appointed by the War Department as sur-
geon for the S.A.T.C. was the doctor in charge.

Acknowledgement of the service rendered by this great work was
made through the following letter written on behalf of the college
management to the committee:

Storm Lake, Iowa, November 8, 191 8.
Mrs. J. H. O'Donoghue, Storm Lake, Iowa.

My Dear Madam : The trustees, faculty and students of Buena
Vista College desire to tender to the Storm Lake branch of the Red
Crr'ss their sincere thanks and appreciation for your efiforts in behalf
of the members of the Students Army Training Corps at the college.
This ought to go down in the history of Storm Lake as one of the
splendid things done by your chapter. We have been informed that this
was the only unit in the Students Army Training Corps in the cen-
tral division where no lives were lost from the epidemic of Spanish
influenza.

Will you, as president of the organization, extend to its members
our thanks for what you have done?

Very truly yours
Buena Vista Coi^lege
W. C. Edson, Chairman Board of Trustees.
W. M. Storey, Secretary Board of Trustees.

The Spanish influenza continuing, it was deemed expedient to es-
tablish a Red Cross hospital for civilian reUef. The upper floor of
the Benson building, at the corner of Third and Railroad streets, was
rented and Miss Luella Burns installed as nurse in charge. Mrs. J.
A. Schmitz, Mrs. Charles Richardson, and Mrs. H. E. Swope were
the committee in control. Generous donations were received, such
as beds and bedding, furnishings, and supplies. Care was given a
number of patients. The hospital closed the latter part of February.

MAKE HOME-COMING HAPPY

Four months after the signing of the armistice our boys from over-
seas and from the several camps in this country were gradually re-
turning to home and friends, and the Red Cross decided to give them
a fitting welcome home. To this end a "Home-Coming Committee"
was appointed, consisting of John R. Bell, Rev. John Erb, Chas. H.
J. Mitchell, Mrs. U. S. Parrish, Miss Frieda Witter, Miss Wynn La-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 685

Grange, Mrs. G. M. Pedersen, Dr. W. M. Storey, P. J. Toohey, Lou
Thomas, E. L. O'Conner, C. C. Colwell and A. T' Troeger.

The first reception arranged by this committee was held January
24, IQ19, in the display rooms of Brader's garage, a beautiful new
building of large capacity, which was appropriately decorated for
the occasion. A short program was given, with speeches and music,
and an exhibition drill by Lieutenant Schwarz. F. F. Faville, a
former citizen of Storm Lake, gave the principal address. Refresh-
ments were served to the 1500 people present, after which dancing
was enjoyed for the remainder of the evening.

On May 2d another home reception was given the returned sol-
diers, as their numbers had been largely increased since the January
reception. Carney's Hall, a recently finished improvement to the
city, accommodated the 2,000 people who had assembled to do honor to
the men returned from serving our country. Again a program of
music preceded a patriotic address, given this time by Hon. James
B. Weaver, president of the state organization of the Red Cross, the
man who signed the charter for the Buena Vista Chapter, and who
was prominent as the Polk County representative in the Iowa legis-
lature. Ice cream and the homemade cakes for which the boys so
often longed were the treat provided. Again dancing with the maids
at home was a diversion which inspired in the maids a sense of pride
as keen as the satisfaction the soldiers experienced in again being at
home.

When Storm Lake decided to make its Independence Day celebra-
tion for the summer of 1919 a reception to the soldiers, members of
the Red Cross united to' extend to the visiting soldiers, sailors, and
marines a canteen service that would remind them of all the best that
they had had in days of real army service. At a stand on the lake
front, the ladies served free to the service men, refreshments and
smokes that made them happy the day long. On this occasion Hon.
J. R. Files of Fort Dodge was the orator who made the special
address.

FIGURES TELL THIS STORY

Other interesting points of the development of the activities of the
Storm Lake branch are shown by the fact that in 191 7 the member-
ship was 835, in 1918 it was 2,161, while in 1919 it was 1,360. De-
crease in memberships is apparent from the fact that all member-

686 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ships under eighteen years were registered in the Junior organization,
and also because no gift memberships were soHcited. During the
time when road conditions were the worst some of the country terri-
tory was not sohcited for memberships. Of the money that was
raised, $3,345.23 was sent to the National Red Cross; $6,882.07 was
raised from the sales held ; $843.97 was netted as a result of communi-
ty meals served, $3,139.03 was assembled in. outright donations, and
the total of all money raised, including memberships, was $22,833.33.
The total of sewing and knitted work credited to the combined branch-
es of the county was: Pajamas 3,498, bath robes 510, bed jackets
235, operating leggins 40, pillow cases 795, towels 1,545, napkins 624,
tray cloths 354, wash cloths 1,082, hot water bag covers 83, handker-
chiefs 1,355, comfort pillows 71, bed sheets 2,216, draw sheets 78,
boxes of clippings 4, pairs of ward slippers 5, Christmas packages 52,
completed comfort kits 250, empty comfort kits 23, partially filled
comfort kits 45, wall kits 33, partially filled housewives 23, empty
housewives 26, pairs of scissors 7, adhesive tape 6, property bags 5,
afghans 20, property kits 892, convalescent suits 57, complete layettes
50, refugee garments 3,080, surgical dressings 49,290, pairs of socks
5,172, sweaters 2,242, helmets 403, mufilers 590, pairs of wristlets
1,050.

FINANCI.\L REPORT

Buena Vista County Chapter and Storm Lake branch funds were
not kept separately, and part of the items shown in the following
financial statement are funds such as memberships and war funds
that were handled for the other branches. The showing is for the
full time from organization until July i, 1919. It follows:

Receipts: Hospital supplies sold, $59.60; receipts of Red Cross
hospital, $261.35; Junior Red Cross Magazine subscriptions, $4: tin
foil sold, $10.97; Red Cross badges sold, $8; proceeds from dances
and other benefits, $585.70; instructions of classes, $93.95; class books
sold, $27.30; Red Cross pins sold, $9.45 ; country club luncheons $52.14;
balance from county Red Cross picnic, $5.27; received from harvest
work by business men, $121 ; merchandise sold by branches, $5.335-71 5
membership dues, $10,716.25; donations, $2,732.31; receipts of com-
munity dinners, $843.97 ; thermometers sold, $3 ; received for cutting
material, $11.37; home-coming reception supplies sold, $28; canteen

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 687

service supplies sold, $17; refund on war fuuds, $6,240.95; receipts
of community sale, $6,882.07; a total of $34,048.66.

Disbursements: Rent of chairs 30 cents; livery for delivery of
supplies, $5; janitor service, $2; typewriting, $26; telephone and tele-
grams, $32.91 ; express, freight, and drayage, $137.18; electricity and
supplies, $14.71 ; printing and postage, $400.47; Christmas boxes,
$12.50; expenses of cutting machine instructor, $3.61 ; rental of cjuar-
ters, $50; lumber for packing boxes, $59.28; instruction of classes,
$23.50; expenses of Junior Red Cross, $62.77; delegates' expenses to
regional convention, $18.90; insurance on material, $21.24; expenses
of band, $12; civilian relief, $194.82; heating church for community
dinners, $7 ; refund on lunch cloth sold at sale, $5 ; receipts of play
to national headquarters, $74.52; refund of Albert City- membership
dues, $6; national headquarters membership dues, $7,628; yarn and
other merchandise, $11,374.35 ; proportion of war fund, $3,160.30;
refund on war fund to branches, $4,325.10; expenses of home-coming
receptions, $343.20; advertising Christmas drive, $32.20; canteen ser-
vice July 4th, $97.48 ; flowers for sick, $5 ; hospital expenses,
$1,796.06; balance in bank, including hospital fund, $4,117.26.

West Hayes Auxiliary

This group of ladies, ten in number, met in private homes every two
weeks, with work that consisted mostly of sewing and knitting. Each
lady took extra work home, on which to keep busy between meetings.
Members knitted 4 sweaters, 30 pairs of socks, and 20 wristlets. They
sewed 150 hospital bed shirts, 204 hand towels, 12 hot water bag cov-
ers, 10 operating leggins. The laches also did some refugee work,
making 46 ladies' skirts and 18 boys' waists. They made and filled
7 comfort kits — and all the time were counted as full fledged Red
Cross workers. Miss Daisy Fultz was the secretary of this group.

Report of Truesdale Branch

In 1917, 108 memberships yielded $189; in 1918, 105 memberships
raised $110; in 1919, 197 members raised $198. The total of all
money raised, including memberships, was $1,175.

This branch made 1171 surgical dressings, 11 hospital garments,
130 pieces of hospital supplies, 40 refugee garments, 144 articles for
soldiers and sailors.

688 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA-VISTA COUNTY

For 1917 the organization was as follows: Chairman, Mrs. Ed
Sweet; vice chairman, Mrs. Ed Vogel, secretary, Mrs. H. Steinhilber;
treasurer, H. H. Lang. For 1918-1919 the officers who served were:
Chairman, Mrs. Walter Ernst; vice chairman, Mrs. Bert Walker;
secretary. Miss Wanda Berkler; treasurer, H. H. Lang.

The chairman of the sewing committee was Mrs. Gossit; knitting
committee, Mrs. Martin; inspecting committee, Mrs. H. Steinhilber;
purchasing committee, Mrs. T. E. Walker; surgical dressings com-
mittee, Mrs. E. F. Sweet.

Roster Red Cross Workers^

ALTA

Mrs. M. Ankerson, Kista Ankerson, Mrs. C. M. Reese, J. A. Allen,
Mrs. J. H. Allen, Mrs. A. J. Anderson, Edna Allen, Mrs. Jennie An-
derson, Mrs. J. A. Berkeland, Mrs. G. A. Benson, Mrs. James C. Bell,
Mrs. Elmer C. Benson, Mrs. R. C. Brogmus, Mrs. Wm. Batten, Louise
Isbell, David H. Carpenter, Mrs. David H. Carpenter, Miss Margue-
rite Carpenter, Grace demons, Mrs. E. W. Clemons, Mrs. N. A.
Chirstensen, Audry Christensen, C. E. Cameron, Mrs. C. E. Cameron,
Mrs. John Cavey, Mrs. Martha J. Connor, Bertie Claybaugh, Ida
Claybaugh, Mrs. Peter Cox, O. P. Dagger, Mrs. O. P. Dagger, Pearl
Davenport, Golman Davenport, Mrs. S. P. DeLay, Leone DeLay.
Geo. B. Fanning, Mrs. Geo. B Fanning, Mrs. Frank Friedlund, Mrs.
C. S. Grabin, Mrs..B. Gurney, Mrs. Lincoln Gurney, Maletta Gurney,
Mrs. George Gosmire, Mrs. J. F. Haight, Mrs. C. J. Hetrick, Stella
Haight, Lethe Haight, Mrs. D. E. Hadden, Lola Hadden, Mrs. C.
Hille, Alvira Hille, Mrs. C. P. Holmes, Miss Ellen Holmes, Mrs. J.
C. Henkel, Mrs. T. J. Holmes, Mrs. Gus Helgerson, Mrs. G. E. Hol-
lingsworth, H. J. Hoffeins, Mrs. H. J. Hoffeins, Mrs. C. C. Iverson,
Mrs. Swan Johnson, Augusta E. Johnson, Mrs. C. J. Jimmerson,
Olive Jimmerson, Hazel Jimmerson, Mrs. L. E. Jockheck, Mrs. Louis
Johnson, Lillian Johnson, Myrtle Johnson, Nels Johansen, Mrs. Chris
Jensen, Mrs. John Lindhe, Mrs. C. E. Larsen, Mrs. H. S. Larson,
Mrs. Lars Larson, Lillian Larson, Mrs. H. J. Litchenberg, Ora Lit-
chenberg, Elizabeth Litchenberg, Mrs. Hans C. Larsen, Geneva Lar-

iWe have tried to give as many names of people who have assisted with Red Cross
work as posible. We presented questionnaires to all families in the county and secured
information from the families in the county as to the work that each member of the
family had done in the various activities. The names given were secured from the ques-
tionnaires which were returned to us.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 689

sen, Mrs. Eddie Larsen, Miss Mary Lindlief, C. A. Lindlief, C. A.
Lindlief, Cliris E. Larsen, Mrs. C. Larsen, Miss Pearl Maggs, Mrs.
R. T. McElderry, Mrs. P. Morrissey, Miss Maude Morrissey, Miss
Millicent Morrissey, Lola Morrissey, Helen Morrissey, Mavie Mikle-
son, Mrs. C. H. Millard, Mrs. Oakman, Mrs. J. Jay Parker, Leah
Parker, Alvira Peterson, Mrs. C. J. Parker, Mrs. C. D. Peterson,
Mrs. E. E. Peterson, Miss Helen Peterson, Miss Florence Peterson,
Mrs. August Peterson, Mrs. E. L. Pearson, Samuel Parker, Mrs.
Samuel Parker, Mrs. John Poulson, Mrs. Langlett, Rebecca Poulson,
C. F. Peterson, Mrs. C. F. Peterson, Elsie Peterson, Roy H. Wilkin-
son, Mrs. Roy H. Wilkinson, Mrs. George Walton, Mrs. Martin
Willfong, Rose Willfong, Phoebe Popham, Mrs. J. F. Porter, Mrs.
Anton Peterson, Mrs. Wesley Reynolds, Mrs. W. C. Rowlands, Mrs.
Wm. Rawn, Mrs. A. C. Rader, Mrs. John Swanson, Elsie Swanson,
Mrs. Lena Peterson, Mrs. J. L. Slutz, Miss Lena Peterson, Miss
Carrie Smith, Mrs. Orris Swanson, INIrs. C. Stamm, Mrs. James
Staples, Mrs. W. M. Smith, Selma Soderquist, Evelyn Soderquist,
Nellie Soderquist, Thomas Scambler, Mrs. Thomas Scambler, Mrs.
A. Cone, Fern Hazel Scambler, Mrs. Albert Swenson, Mrs. E. C.
Thatcher, G. F. Tincknell, Miss Florence Tincknell, Marjorie Tinck-
nell. Sybil Tincknell, Mrs. Mary J. Tincknell, Mrs. C. A. Van Bus-
kirk, Jesse Wilkinson, Mrs. Jesse Wilkinson, Mrs. J. Wilkinson, Sr.,
John B. Walker, Mrs. John B. Walker, Mildred Walker, Mrs. C. D.
Wilcox, W. W. Ullom, Mrs. W. W. Ullom, Julia Ullom.

FAIRFIELD TOWNSHIP AND ALBERT CITY

Mrs. Oscar Fark, C. E. Gulbranson, Mrs. C. E. Gulbranson, W. M.
Hansen, W. W. Kischer, Mrs. W. W. Kischer, C. J. Lorengren,
Frank D. Linder, Mrs. Frank D. Linder, H. W. Lampe, O. Nelson,
Alfred Paul, B. A. Peterson, Mrs. B. A. Peterson, Miss Jennie J.
Smith, A. J. Ryden, Mrs. A. J. Ryden, G. T. Swenson, Mrs. G. E.
Swenson, S. M. Danielson, Mrs. J. G. Lodine, Mrs. F. T Youngquist,
Mrs. G. R. Anderson, Carl Anderson, Aug. Anderson, Mrs. Aug.
Anderson, Axel Beina, Mrs.' B. S. Byson, Mrs. C. J. Benna, A. L.
Bergling, Mrs. A. L. Bergling, Mrs. B. B. Bridge, J. F. Boyd, Ralph
E. Carlson, Jesse Caskey, C. H. Englund, Mrs. J. P. Eckman, J. P.
Eckman, Elmer Walstead, Ernest Warren, Andy Walstead, Mrs.
C. A. Walner.

690 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

BROOKE TOWNSHIP

Mrs. John Chilgren, Mrs. Morris Anderson, Miss Lillie Anderson,
Mrs. A. B. Colman, i\Irs. W. M. Grapinthin, Mrs. W. M. Haxby,
Mrs. Frens Hanson, Mrs. T. O. Halverson, Mrs. Richard Peterson,
Mrs. B. J. Peterson, D. E. Smith, C. L. Haight, Mrs. C. L. Haight,
Mrs. John Swanson, Mrs. N. P. Christenson, Miss Hanah Christen-
sen, Miss Nettie Christensen, Mrs. Howard Davis, Mrs. R. J. Brad-
ley, Miss Edna Bradley, William H. Boese, Mrs. Herman Boese,
Mrs. William Rutter.

COON TOWNSHIP

Henry F. Almholtz, J. G. Anderson, A. Engler, H. W. Griffel, J.
C. Gran, Mrs. A. E. Madison, Cora Madison, John J. Thompson,
Henry D. Thieman, Ross Wilson, H. Wendrup.

ELK TOWNSHIP

Mrs. A. W. Buckingham, L. C. Kramer, Mrs. L. C. Kramer,
Henry W. Haase, Mrs. Henry W. Haase, Mrs. C. N. Christensen,
C. N. Christensen, Mrs. Jacob Johnson, Miss Marguerite Johnson,
John R. Pierson, Gertrude Hansen, Amelia Halverson, Mrs. J. A.
Buckingham, Mrs. Geo. N. Booth, Mrs. Frank Vetcher, Mrs. N. E.
Burgeson, Nettie David, P. H. Hansen, Mrs. Bertel Hansen, Mrs.
Emery C. Jorgensen, Mrs. Ed. Johnson, Mrs. Claus Johnson, Claus
Johnson, A. C. Johnson, Mrs. A. C. Johnson, Mrs. Carl Johnson,
Nellie M. Johnson, Albin Johnson, Mrs. Jacob Johnson, Mrs. Jorgen
Larson, Miss Anna Larson, Mrs. Peter Langlett, Mrs. Randrup
Miller, Lillie Madsenk, Mrs. Christian Swenson, Mrs. A. G. Meyer,
Mrs. Soren Miller, Mrs. J. A. O'Banion, J. R. Pierson, Mrs. J. R.
Pierson, Miss Sigrid Peterson, Mrs. Carl E. Peterson, Mrs. Will
Reckoff, Ed. Rhenstrom, Mrs. Ed. Rhenstrom, Mrs. Edward Ryd-
strom, J. F. Vanderhoff, Anna Vanderhoff, Mary Vanderhoff, Mrs.
Aaron Vanderhoff.

GRANT TOWNSHIP

Rev. F. Albrecht, Fred H. Higgins, J. M. Hussey, Ed. C. Spooner,
Mrs. R. A. Corbin, Mrs. N. M. Hoffman.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 691

HAYES TOWNSHIP

Mrs. E. L. Chadwick, Mrs. Charles Christensen, Mrs. J. A. Chind-
lund, Evylin Chindlund, Opal Chindlund, Mrs. F. W. Crowley, Mrs.
Frank Eckhardt, Mrs. Ross Fultz, Daisy Fultz, Job Francis, Grove
Francis, Orpho Francis, Mrs. J. E. Fultz, Mrs. Robert C. Fulton,
Mrs. W. E. Gaffey, Mrs. Henry Grieme, Mrs. S. R. Harris, S. R.
Harris, Mrs. Jacob Horth, Mrs. W. F. Horth, Mrs. Frank Johnson,
Mrs. M. G. Kimal, A. O. Mainhard, Mrs. Wm. Oatman, Mrs. C. H.
Peters, Mrs. Wm. Pike, Mrs. J. H. Ross.

LEE TOWNSHIP

Mrs. B. E. Tremain, Ruth Tremain, Miss Mildred Lee, Olive Byam,
Mrs. Sam Bennett, Mrs. Margaret Evans, Mrs. T. R. Fairchild, Mrs.
Joe Gunderson, Louis Hadenfeldt, Mrs. C. L. Jones, Levi G. Lands-
ness, Mrs. C. H. Pewsey, E. P. WilHams.

LINCOLN TOWNSHIP

Henry Hadenfeldt, Mrs. Henry Hadenfeldt, Mrs. Albert Meyers,
Mrs. O. Olson, M. C. Renland, Mrs. M. C. Renland, A. E. Sivert,
Mrs. A. E. Sivert, E. S. Sivert, Mrs. E. S. Sivert, Mrs. R. R. Smith,
Mrs. Mary Siekman, Miss Amelia Siekman, Mrs. Aug. Siekman,
Miss Edna Siekman, Mrs. J. F. Taylor, Mrs. Bert Walker, Mrs.
Geo. W. Zesbe, Mrs. Louis Wittmer, Mrs. Chas. Wittmer, Cecil
Dahlstrom, Mrs. Ed. Dahlstrom, Ellen Dahlstrom, Elsie Dahlstrom,
Miss Beda Anderson, Miss Esther Anderson, Mrs. John Atkins,
Mrs. W. F. Burkler, Miss Wanda L. Burkler, W. F. Burkler, Chas.
Blomgren, Miss Media Blomgren, Earl Blomgren, Mrs. J. H. Chase,
Mrs. R. A. Edwards, Mrs. Earl Richardson, Mrs. Art Flannigan,
Bea Gavin, Miss Ruby Hutchison.

LINN GROVE AND BARNES TOWNSHIP

Mrs. Otto Dokken, Mrs. Edward Evans, Harry E. Erickson, Mrs.
Henry E. Erickson, John T. Evans, C. A. Fulton, Mrs. C. A. Fulton,
Mrs. C. O. Friedlund, Mrs. H. Haroldson, F. A. Hein, Mrs. Christ,
Halverson, Mrs. O. H. Hesla, Mrs. Ira Hansen, Miss Amelia Hansen,
Mrs. A. J. Johnson, Mrs. J. S. Johnson, Mrs. Bert Johnson, John A.
Johnson, Mrs. John N. Johnson, David Jones, Mrs. G. W. Johnson,
Mrs. Andrew Johnson, Mrs. W. E. Landsberg, Mrs. Ida Mickelson,

692 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Mrs. D. R. Miller, Mrs. Fred Mangold, H. L. Pierce, B. L. Shirk,
Mrs. B. L Shirk, H. C. Sondberg, Mrs. H. C. Sondberg, Robert
Kramer, Mrs. A. H. Mickelson, Mrs. Olaf Sewalsen, Olga Sewalsen,
Mrs. Tenie Bertness, Mrs. William McGrew, Mrs. W. F. Anderson,
W. J. Rystad, O. A. Peterson, Hannah Morris, A. L. Anderson, Mrs.
A. L. Anderson, O. L. Anderson, Mrs. O. E. Anderson, Mrs. Alex
Cuthbert, Mrs. John S. Cleveland, Emma Christensen, Mrs. Wm.
Clayton, C. J. Christensen, Roy Cleveland, Mrs. Roy Cleveland, Mrs.
J. E. Davis, Mrs. Maggie Davis, Mrs. O. L. Danielson, O. L. Daniel-
son.

MAPLE VALLEY TOWNSHIP

Victor Nelson, Oscar Peterson, Mrs. Thomas Patten, Mrs. Char-
lottee Starr, Marie Starr, Eve Star, Amelia Starr, Mrs. C. E. Smith,
Mrs. E. F. Sanderman, Henry Stille, J. E. L. Schmidt, Mrs. J. E. L.
Schmidt, Bert Schoelke, Mrs. B. R. Thayer, Frank Eutt, Mrs. Frank
Eutt, Geo. Eolzin, Gus Turnquist, Mrs. Herbert Wall, Mrs. H. Wen-
del, Charles Zwemke, W. H. Schmidt, Wm. Younie, Clara Younie,
Mrs. W. M. Barr, A. C. Beecher, Mrs. A. C. Beecher, Mrs. Wm.
Beecher, Henry Brisbois, Miss Florence Huseman, Ed. Gustafson,
Mrs. Fred H. Harjes, Mrs. Charles Holtz, Mrs. Charles Hill, Charles
Hill, Carl Harris, Mrs. Carl Harris, John Holtz, Mrs. John A. Hol-
lingsworth, Gus Johannesen, Mrs. Gus Johannesen, Albert Jorgensen,
Kate Clark, Mrs. Henry Larson, Mrs. Josephine Minard, Alice
Minard, Herbert G. Wall.

MARATHON AND POLAND TOWNSHIP

Mrs. Bertha A. Bisby, Mrs. Nellie Smith, Mrs. Cora A. Smith,
Mrs. Alfred Gustafson, Gus Erickson, W. J. Miller, F. A. Nichols,
Mrs. M. C. Starrett, Mrs. E. R. Wells, J. H. Wegerslev, Roy White-
hill, Mrs. Roy Whitehill.

NEWELL (town)

Mrs. Geo. W. Chaney, Mrs. P. Peterson, Mrs. M. A. Armstrong,
Mrs. J. F. Brown, Mrs. Geo. Bishqp, Mrs. Olive Conley, Mrs. C. A.
Collins, Jeannette Collins, Mrs. J. D. Cheney, Mrs. Nels Christensen,
Sophia Christensen, Mrs. H. Peter Christenson, Mrs. Leo E. Couch,
Mrs. R. T- Clausen, Mrs. W. A. Cameron, Agnes A. Chaney, Jessie
M. Chaney, Mrs. J. E. Christensen, Mrs. E. O. Clark, Mrs. A, E.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 693

Couch, Mrs. Charles A. Doty, Mrs. G. L. ElHson, Mrs. S. Eskisen,
Mrs. Geo. W. Eggilston, Rev. Geo. W. Eggilston, Mrs. J. H. Evans,
Mrs. C. Frandsen, Mrs. Aug. Faber, Mrs. R. Fredericksen, Dajmar
Frederickson, Ella Frederickson, Nanna Frederickson, ]\Irs. Geo. L.
Fredenberg, Mrs. F. B. Fransen, Mrs. E. E. Grave, Mary Hansen,
Mrs. Chris Holmen, Mrs. J. E. Holtz, Mrs. Wm. Huxtable, Mrs. F.
O. Holcomb, Mrs. W. L. Holtz, H. A. Harvey, Mrs. H. A. Harvey,
Mrs. Will Hunter, Mildred Hunter, Mrs. Minnie Harkness, Mrs. F.
Hanson, Mrs. D. L. Hoeffle, Mrs. Katherine Jensen, Mrs. Nels Jen-
sen, Mrs. Olaf Jorgensen, Mrs. P. M. Jensen, Mrs. S. W. Kelso,
Mrs. Earl King, Mrs. Nels Kinnerun, Mrs. Agnes Langdon, E. P.
Layman, Mrs. W. H. Lawton, Carrie Mikkelson, Mollie Mikkelson,
Mrs. John Newton, Mrs. C. M. Nelson, Mrs. Walter Olson, Mrs. A.
Post, Mrs. Louis Peterson, Mrs. F. L. Point, Mrs. Charles Peterson,
Mrs. Piercy, Mrs. Nels Peterson, L. F. Parker, Mrs. L. F. Parker,
Mrs. W. D. Rust, Mrs. C. J. Robinson, Mrs. Frank Rodd, Mrs. F.
G. Redfield, Francis Redfield, Dora Redfield, Mrs. M. Sorenson, Mrs.
R. J. Thomas, Mrs. C. E. J. Whitesit, Belle Whitesit, Ora Whitesit,
J. A. Thompson, Mrs. J. A. Ehompson, Mrs. Ella Erukken, Rev. J.
D. Vinding, Mrs. C. R. Waterman, Mrs. W. A. Waterman.

NEWELL TOWNSHIP

Mrs. J. P. Johnson, Mrs. Eric P. Kruse, Anna Kruse, Mrs. Peter
Kladstrup, Mrs. John Kruse, Golda Kane, Wanda Kane, Mrs. Nels
Larsen, Mrs. Lee Linsley, Mrs. J. B. Linsley, Mrs. L. P. Lind, Mrs.
Lee P. Lund, Mindred Lund, Mrs. Grace Marguess, Mrs. W. E.
Moreland, Mrs. A. Mikkelson, Anna Mikkelson, Mrs. Carl L. Nelsen,
Mrs. J. P. Olson, Mrs. Peter Peterson, Mrs. L. B. Phillips, Mrs. P.
M. Pendergast, August Schroder, Mrs. August Schroder, Viola Rod-
da, Mrs. C. Alltren, Mrs. L P. Olsen, Mrs. Ivan M. Adams, Marinus
Anderson, Mrs. Wm. E. Barnes, Mrs. J. A. Brown, Mrs. K. C. Bod-
holt, Mrs. Oman Bjirrett, Mrs. George Boyce, Mrs. William Bahl,
Mrs. Charles Borran, Ella Christensen, Mrs. Amiel Christensen, Mrs.
J. A. Dallenbach, Mrs. Archie M. Ellis, Mrs. O. B. Ellis, Mrs. An-
drew P. Gran, Miss Nellie Herrick, Mrs. Ferdinand Hemmingsen,
Mrs. M. C. Haines, Mrs. M. A. Conklin, Mrs. Herb Piercy, Mrs.
Henry Piercy, Mrs. James Rogers, Mrs. Lyle Smith, Mrs. Earl Sny-
der, Mrs. Paul Snyder, Mary Swenson, Mrs. Anton Thompson, Miss

694 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Pearl Van Cleave, Genevieve Wilson, Lucille Wilson, Marion Wil-
son, Emery Wilson, Mrs. Geo. Watterman, Florence Watterman,
Mrs. J. P. Young, Florence Young.

NOKOMIS TOWNSHIP

Peter Strom, Mrs. Peter Strom, Miss Millicent Strom, Mrs. Ed.
Lemmons, L. C. Anderson, Mrs. L. C. Anderson, Mrs. B. A. Adams,
Miss Mabel Anderson, Anton Anderson, Mrs. Anton Anderson, Mrs.
O. W. Anderson, A. L. Anderson, Mrs. Art Adams, Mrs. Ed Brick-
sen, J. A. Blom, Mrs. J. A. Blom, C. J. Bains, Mrs. C. J. Bains,
Mrs. S. E. Barnard, Mrs. F. C. Butler, Mrs. John Benson, Mrs.
Geo. Bovee, Mrs. Fred Breecher, J. C. Bensene, Mrs. J. C. Bensene,
Miss Norma Brown, Mrs. C. M. Coombs, Mrs. F. W. Corneliussen,

F. W. Corneliussen, Mrs. Frank Carpenter, C. F. Erickson, Mrs.
Henry Frederickson, Mrs. Geo. G. Glawe, Mrs. C. G. Gulbranson,
L. H. Hatch, Mrs. L. H. Hatch, Mrs. Martin Hansen, Christian
Hansen, Miss Annie Hansen, J. W. Heywood, Lucy Heywood, Mrs.

G. W. Isaaksen, Mrs. Ross Johnson, Mrs. Helmer Johannesen, Miss
Bernice Johannesen, Laura Johnson, Mrs. George A. Johnson, L. E.
Johnson, Amanda Kindwall, Opal Lindberg, Hulda Lindberg, Mrs.
Gust Lundgren, Mrs. Martin C. Madsen, Mrs. Peter Matson, C. Moff-
att, Mrs. C. Moffatt, Mrs. Andrew Nelson, Mrs. Herman Nelson,
Mrs. Carl Oquist, Mrs. D. J. Wessman, Mrs. Geo. Parrott, Mrs. A.
poulson, A. W. Peterson, Mrs. A. A. Peterson, S. C. Porter, Miss
Regina Porter, Bert Poulson, R. E. Parker, Mrs. R. E. Parker, Mrs.
Homer G. Robar, P. J. Swanson, J. B. Stomberg, Mrs. J. B. Stom
berg, Mrs. Ellen Swanson, C. L. Swanson, Mrs. C. Schott, Albert
Waldo, Mrs. Frank W. Wilson, Mrs. B. A. Warme.

PROVIDENCE TOWNSHIP

Bessie Robins, E. B. Ackerman, Mrs. Clarence A. Bodholdt, Mrs.
Emil Bodholdt, Mrs. C. S. Boch, Anton Boch, Mrs. W. Barnes, Hans
C. Bodholdt, Ida Barnes, Mrs. Ed Duffy, Mrs. Wm. Gee, Katherine
Gee, Mrs. Archie Henry, Mrs. A. B. Heath, Stella Heath, Mrs. Ben
Hopkins, Mrs. Christian Jensen, Mrs. E. A. Jones, Mrs. Jensen, Mrs.
John McFadden, Mrs. Thos. Mernin, Mrs. Joe McKenna, Fred C.
Britton, Carrie Mikkelson, Mrs. J. H. McKenna, Mrs. Matt Nelson,
Glennie Petty, Ruth Petty, J. N. Reding, Mrs. John Sturchler, Dora

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 695

Thuesen, Mrs. Anna M. Thuesen, Jennie Thuesen, Edna Thuesen,
E. P. Wright.

REMBRANDT

Mary Kaufman, Gust Peterson, Mrs. H. C. Berger, H. C. Berger.

SCOTT TOWNSHIP

Mrs. Carl Swanson, Mrs. Ivan Bodine, R. C. Kramer, Mrs. R. C.
Kramer, May A. Kramer, P. H. Betz, Mrs. P. H. Betz, Lillie Betz,
Mrs. Rachel Lokken, O. A. Lokken, Mrs. Ed. Anderson, Augustus
Brow, Wm. Bice, Mrs. Wm. Bice, Oscar F. Bodine, Mrs. Oscar F.
Bodine, G. R. Fanning, Mrs. G. R. Fanning, Mrs. J. C. Hanson, Mrs.
H. C. Lindlief, Agnes McCabe, Mrs. A. Swensen, Lillian Madsen,
Matilda Madsen, Bodel Madsen, Mrs. Peter A. Nyden, Elsie Nyden,
Mrs. C. W. Peterson, John M. Rhenstrom, Mamie Rhenstrom, Mrs.
G. L. Steig.

SIOUX RAPIDS

Mrs. A. A. Osmundson, Miss A. Osmundson, Miss Mabel Osmund-
son, Miss Luella Olson, Mrs. O. P. Olson, Mrs. A. G. Gustafson,
Mrs. Alfred Olson, Mrs. Vhristian Olson, Mrs. P. F. Parker, Mrs.
Isaac Remillard, Mrs. Jacob G. Ruff, Mrs. R. Reynolds, Mrs. A. A.
Richardson, Mrs. O. O. Rosell, Miss Ida Rosell, Mrs. B. E. Sickles,
Mrs. H. J. Christenson, Mrs. E. H. Shultz, Mrs. Lena Seversen, Mrs.
Howard Aawyer, Mrs. Clinton Suniniy, Mrs. Jacob Smith, Ruth
Smith, Isabella Smith, Lydel Smith, James O. Smith, Alice M. Smith,
John W. Smith, Mrs. A. A. Scott, Mrs. J. K. Salveson, Mrs. G. T.
Smith, Mrs. P. A. Saxerut, Mrs. A. B. Snyder, Miss J. M. Snyder,
Mrs. C. P. Sickels, Mrs. N. C. Simonsen, Mrs. A. Steen, Mrs. Anna
Skelton, Mrs. L. A. Torkelson, Mrs. H. E. Urdahl, Mrs. W. F.
Wright, Mrs. Emma Wilson, F. D. White, Mrs. F. D. White, Mrs.
S. R. L. Wright, Mrs. T. H. Whitehead, Rofa Whitehead, Miss Ruth
Eatin, Mrs. Ford Vaulke, Mrs. Frank Schweitzer, T. W. Murdock,
Mrs. E. C. Matteson, Miss Marie Matteson, Mrs. Ed. F. McFarland,
Mrs. Martin Murphy, Mrs. C. J. McDanel, Miss Merna McDanel,
Mrs. C. E. McFarland, Miss Bessie Martz, Miss Mabel Martz, Mrs.
Geo. McDowell, Mrs. Lon Wydall, Mrs. S. G. Undstrum, Mrs. F. K.
Northey, Miss Genevieve Northey, Mrs. Ed J. Norris, Mrs. O. Oberg,
Miss Adelia Johnson, Miss Julia Johnson, Mrs. James Peppeson, Mrs.

696 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

L. E. Kleppe, Miss Helsa Kleppe, Miss Hedwig Kleppe, Miss Ellen
Kleppe, Mrs. E. W. Bowers, Mrs. Oscar Eaton, Miss Ruth Eaton,
Mrs. Elmer Anchild, H. G. Lickvold, Mrs. C. W. Leighton, James
Levison, Mrs. N. A. Lundvall, Miss Isabel Lundvall, Mrs. E. Merry,
Mrs. F. B. Watler, ]\Irs. John Merry, Mrs. A. E. Myers, Mrs. Miles
Moe, Mrs. F. H. Diercks, Miss Emily Eade, Miss Ernla Graham,
Miss Coral Graham, Mrs. L. C. Goodman, Mrs. R. E. George, Mrs.
Elizabeth Hagemen, Miss Florence Hageman, Mrs. H. H. Hall, Mrs.
U. M. Hamstreet, Miss Grace Buckholz, Mrs. J. P. Hedin, Mrs. Amy
B. Haskins, Miss Mamine Hoskins, Miss Margaret Hoskins, J. E.
Holden, Mrs. J. E. Holden, Mrs. F. A. Jackson, Mrs. Niel Johnson,
Miss May Jackson, Miss Elizabeth Jackson, Mrs. J. C. Johnson, Mrs.
Andrew Johnson, Mrs. J. H. Aronstedt, Mrs. G. W. Alexander, Mrs.
Edward Anderson, Mrs. Axel Anderson, Miss Julia Anderson, Mary
I. Boynton, Mrs. R. R. Burr, Mrs. T. C. Eongman, Mrs. Joseph F.
Browii, Mrs. F. B. Ballentyne, Mrs. J. F. Clough, Miss Anna Clough,
Mrs. Anna Clough, Mrs. Annie Clark, Mrs. G. A. Christensen, Mrs.
Geo. Crick, Mrs. Alex Cook, Mrs. L. D. Christy, Mrs. G. A. Cady,
Miss Madge Dodge, Miss Arline Dodge, Mrs. E. M. Punoe, Mrs. I.
P. Davidson, Mrs. Enoch F. Davis.

STORM LAKE

Mrs. W. F. Adams, Mrs. B. K. Abbott, Mrs. Wm. Aitken, Agnes
Aitken, Mrs. V. J. Anderson, Mrs. Fred Biggins, Mrs. A. E. Bran-
son, A. D. Bailie, Mrs. J. S. Bell, Mrs. H. E. Barrick, Mrs. J. I.
Bullard, Elsie Battern, Ana Grace Buland, Leila Buland, Mrs. L. E.
Ballou, Jr., John R. Bell, Mrs. John R. Bell, Robert Bleakly, Mrs.
Robert Bleakkly, Robert Bleakly, Mrs. Martha Busby, Matie Mailie,
Mrs. Amos A. Bouchy, Marie Bouchy, Mrs. J. F. Brown, Mrs. E. D.
Bangheart, Mrs. Culbertson, T. H. Chapman, Mrs. E. H. Chapman,
Mrs. E. M. Clapp, Mrs. Elmer Cobb, Mrs. Ellen Condon, Mrs. C. C.
Colwell, Mrs. JNIathew Connor, Mathew Connor, Ileen S. Louise
Connor, Mrs. George Currier, Mrs. Roy Davidson, Mrs. H. S. Darr,
Mrs. Dlugosch, Mrs. A. Dlugosch, Mrs. Edward Dahl, Mrs. F. V.
Dumbaugh, Mrs. L. S. Dlugosch, Mrs. Nellie M. Deal Miss Elsie
Planalp, W. C. Edson, T. D. Filers, Mrs. E. D. Filers, Mrs. Gred H.
Ensign, Mrs. B. B. Fiscus, Mrs. F. P. Foster, F. P. Foster, Mrs. G.
H. Fracker, Anne Fracker, Mrs. Harley Adams, Mrs. R. Gaffin, W.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 697

L. Giesinger, Mrs. W. L. Giesinger, Mrs. R. J. Geisinger, Mrs. John
Glowczewsky, Mrs. A. G. Gilmore, Mildred Gilmore, Donald M.
Grant, Mrs. Chas. Gajffin, Mrs. M. D. Grimes, Julia Hayes, H. J.
Hahne, Mrs. Aug. G. Hoch, Mrs. J. Haywood, Mrs. A. E. Howard,
Mrs. T. H. Harden, Mrs. M. J. Hughes, Mrs. Ben HoUenbeck, Mrs.
G. W. Harner, Verlin Harper, Shirley Harper, Mrs. Joe Hopkins,
Mrs. John Jenkins, C. C. Jackson, Mrs. W. A. Jones, Mrs. Clifford
J. Johnson, Mrs. A. W. Kaufman, Mrs. Roy Kinne, IN'Irs. Lillie Kes-
ler, Mrs. Wm. Kurtenback, Mrs. Florence Kerslake, Mrs. James Po-
land, Mrs. Fred Bruhn, Miss Nell Kerslake, Mrs. Clarence Keester,
Mrs. Colin Lovesee, Colin Lovesee, Mrs. C. W. Liercke, C. W.
Liercke, Mrs. W. H. Manchester, Grace E. Mack, Mrs. Frank Mack,
Mrs. D. H. Miller, Mrs. M. J. Miles, Mrs. Geo. Blakely, Gladys Blake-
ly, Mrs. Margaret Miller, Mrs. A. F. Morse, Mrs. C. T. Millard,
Mrs. J. L. Munson, Mrs. Ernest Melcher, Mrs. Kittie Miller, Mrs.

A. Stanton, Mrs. Wm. Miller, R. E. McKenna, Mrs. Grace Marshall,
Mrs. L. J. Metcalf, C. H. J. Mitchell, Mrs. C. H. J. Mitchell, Mrs.
Geo. C. Mack, Mrs. John McPherson, Mrs. Frank Martine, Mrs. B.

B. Morris, Mrs. Ray North, Mrs. Wm. North, Mrs. Frank Newell,
Mrs. James Newell, Mrs. J. H. O'Donohue, Mrs. E. W. Gates, E. W.
Gates, Mrs. Anna Olson, Mrs. J. S. Peterson, Pearl A. Pewsey, Mrs.
W. E. Post, Mrs. G. T. Putnam, Mary Putnam, Mrs. R. C. Point,
R. C. Point, S. Quay, Mrs. D. E. Quinn, Mrs. Claud Roberts, Mrs.
M. Renshaw, Mrs. Ed Richardson, Mrs. Wm. Rosenbrook, Mrs.
Eliza Keith, Ruth Keith, Mrs. R. W. Roberts, Mrs. Elizabeth Rae,
Mrs. Wm. T. Roub, Mrs. H. E. Roberts, OHve Shreve, Mrs. E. F.
Smith, Mrs. W. C. Skifif, Mrs. Lester Stone, Mrs. E. G. Scof^eld, Mrs.
Barbara Schmitz, Mrs. Stephen Satchell, Mrs. Wm. Streblow, Mrs.
John W. Saathofif, Mrs. Herman Stefifen, Mrs. W. G. Stock, Geo. J.
Schaller, J. A. Schmitz, Mrs. J. A. Schmitz, Mrs. J. W. Souther,
Zoe Souther, Mrs. A. C. Smith, Mrs. L. B. Sharp, Mrs. Ernest W.
Stanley, Mrs. Grace Stevens, Mrs. Eliza Turner, P. C. Eoy, Mrs. P.
J. Toohey, Mrs. A. F. Eymeson, Mrs. E. R. Eurner, Mrs. Esther
Ehomas, Elizabeth Ehompson, Mrs. J. W. Van Bibber, A. T. Eoeger,
Mrs. A. E. Eoeger, Mrs. W. D. Van De Mark, Mrs. L. H. Weisen-
berger, Mrs. Wm. Wilson, Mrs. C. R. Womack, Eva Womack, Mrs.
J. P. Wahlstrom, Mrs. Eva Wilkins, A. L. Whitney, Mrs. A. L.
Whitney, Mrs. L. E. Yerington, Mrs. Fred Steig, Mrs. A. M. Mor-

698 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

rison, Mrs. Thos. Park, Mrs. G. E. Whealen, Mrs. F. L. Hughes, S.
R. Satchell, Ltiella Burns, Hughena Burns, Alta Mae Burns, Mrs. H.
Mrs. H. Junkmeir, Mrs. S. C. Snyder, Mrs. O. B. Kelly, Mrs. Will
Mittelstadt, Mrs. Ralph Diehl, Mrs. J. H. Hoffman, Mrs. Chas. Chap-
man, Mrs. J. H. Haughey, Mrs. Wilbur Kaufman, Mrs. J. Morten-
son, Mrs. John W. Gibson, Mrs. Chas. Peterson, Mrs. Mary Neu-
baur, Mrs. D. A. Rice, Betty Rice, Mrs. Fred Schar, Mrs. Frank
Butler, Mrs. G. H. Carlson, Mrs. Matilda Soeth, Mamie Soeth, Marie
Doxsee, Mrs. W. A. Abernathy, Mrs. Frank Mittelstadt, Mrs. Marie
Meyer, Mrs. W. J. Geisinger, Mrs. Everett Hughes, Mrs. U. G.
Burton, Mrs. Paul Blair, Mrs. S. E. Hesla, Mrs. H. E. Swope, Lurene
Swope, Mrs. Mary Harker, May Harker, Mrs. J. J. Metcalf, Mrs.
J. H. La Grange, Zoe La Grange, Mrs. Mary L Jones, Mrs. Effie
Nusbaum, Mrs. David Gilmer, Mrs. J. J. Taylor, Mrs. A. E. Morse,
Mrs. T. E. Carney, Mrs. Fred Schaller, Mrs. J. W. Planalp, C. H.
McDiarmid, Mrs. C. H. McDiarmid, Mrs. C. H. Bauman, Mary E.
Ensign, Evelyn Ensign, Mrs. C. A. Fulton, Mrs. R. J. Geisinger,
Agnes Aitken, Esther Aitken, Ruth Aitken, Annie Aitken, Mrs Ait-
ken, Mrs. J. L. Clapp, Mrs. H. L. Hughes, Alice Hughes, Kathryn
Hughes, Mrs. S. E. Farnsworth, Mrs. C. F. Wellmerling, Mrs. J. E.
Buland, Mrs. S. S. Graeber, Mrs. C. Richardson, Mrs. Henry Steig,
Mrs. W. D. Foster, Jessie McGill, Mrs. L. B. Florey, L. B. Florey,
Lillian McFadden, Bell McFadden, Mrs. M. Saathoff, Gertrude
Saathoff, Mrs. E. B. Benedict, Mrs. L. S. Todd, Mrs. C. W. Samuels,
Mrs. Ed Culver, Marion Johnson, Mrs. Henry Peters, Mrs. Randall
Lindlief, Mrs. C. J. Iverson, Mrs. J. Park Blair, Mrs. Jos. Nattress,
Mrs. Art La May, Mrs. Clarence Samsel, Mrs. Luvy B. Bowers,
Mrs. Jeanne C. Webb, Vivian Lewis, Helen Lewis, Mrs. R. W. Ford,
Mrs. C. D. Grieg, Mrs. W. F. Park, Mrs. E. L. O'Banion, Mrs. H.
A. Conrad, Mrs. L. C. Doan, Mrs. M. F. Fischer, Mrs. Marie Fisher,
Mrs. James S. Bell, Mrs. Walter Throckmorton, Mrs. Chas. Newell,
Mary Newell, Winifred Newell, Annie Newell, Edith Newell, Mrs.
Chas. Richardson, Mrs. M. Hardyman, Margaret Hardyman, W. R.
Faust, Raymond Faust, Lester Faust, Mrs. W. R. Faust, J. T. Edson,
Mrs. Burt Hughes, Miss Bessie Hughes, J. L. Munson, Eda Wilkins.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 699

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP

Mrs. Roy E. Brown, Mrs. G. W. Arnold, Mrs. W. E. Bushman,
Mrs. Richard Barnes, J. O. Blake, Mrs. H. R. Boettcher, Mrs. Fred
Burnes, Mrs. Ray L. Cone, Mrs. Henry L. Delbridge, Mrs. E. L.
Davidson, Miss Prudence Davidson, Walter L. Ernest, Mrs. Walter
L. Ernest, Mrs. M. T. Fletcherm, Joseph Gutel, Sarah J. Holcomb,
Mrs. H. H. Holmes, Mary Huber, Mrs. J. W. Horlocker, Mary A. Le-
doux, H. H. Lang, Clara B. Mark, Frank J. Meyer, Mrs. Frank J.
Meyer, Jerome, A. McBride, Mrs. Tom O'Neill, Mrs. Henry L.
Steig, Mrs. Wm. Scrambler, Mrs. Fred H. Steig, Mrs. Bertha Stull,
Henry Steinhelber, Mrs. Pearl Steinhelber, Mrs. Augusta Potter
Sprague, Robert Smith, Mrs. W. H. Turner, Joe Ullom, Mrs. Joe
Ullom, Mrs. Ed. C. Vogel, Mrs. C. E. Willcutt.

Juniors in Red Cross Work

The enthusiasm and deep interest of young hearts was injected
into America's participation in Red Cross work by the organization
of a junior body, which was mainly effected through the educational
personnel of the county. County Superintendent A. E. Harrison
served as chairman of the committee, with Stella M. Russell, Super-
intendent C. E. Akers, Mrs. C. E. Akers, and Miss Mary Toohey as-
sisting.

Most effective work was done by the chapter school committee, as
the results which we are proud to chronicle, will show. Every school
in the county enrolled in the Junior Red Cross, each pupil paying his
or her own membership fees in full without assistance. Buena Vista
was the first county to send in its record of complete Junior Red
Cross organization, and the only county, so far as we have been able
to learn, that was absolutely 100 per cent in organization and 100
per cent in its record of finished articles made by the pupils, as re-
ported from headquarters at Des Moines after due inspection of the
work.

A campaign for renewal of memberships in the Junior Red Cross
was taken up beginning December 15, 1918, and ending January 15,
1919. In a good many schools funds were again raised to the amount
of twenty-five cents for each pupil, while in other schools a pledge
of service was given and at the close of the campaign all schools had
renewed their membership in the organization. The amount of mon-

700 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ey raised was not as large as for the drive the 3^ear preceding. The
total amount of cash reported to the chapter school committee was
$151.52. A portion of this money, in addition to what was left over
from last year, has been spent for putting the Red Cross Magazine
into the schools, and for other patriotic inaterial and supplies that
are of great value.

Sixty-seven schools, with a membership of 3,767 pupils, raised
$1,107.85 in membership fees, with an additional amount of $205.20.
Work done by the various Junior branches is shown by the follow-
ing figures:

Storm Lake public schools: 18 wash cloths, 18 flannel brassieres,
II muslin brassieres, 6 outing dresses, 6 capes with hoods, i cape
without hood, 7 girls' dresses, 8 bags, 24 chemises, 16 pinafores, 34
pairs of bootees, 18 pairs of leggings, 185 towels, 58 strings of gun
wipes, 56 comfort pillows.

Girls under direction of Mrs. Arthur Edson: iqo diapers, 7 pairs
of bootees, 16 layette bags, i baby dress, 14 crib blankets, 50 layette
bags packed, i large comfort, i scrap book, 60 binders rolled, 40 rolls
linen, 5 afghans for Camp Dodge hospital, i comfort top, 17 glasses
of jam, 3 comforts sold, with kitchen holders, conservation cake re-
ceipts and popcorn to the value of $43, 16 Christmas boxes, 2 large
silk quilts, started bank account, collected rags and cut handkerchiefs.
Truesdale public schools: i complete baby's outfit, 2 chemises, 4
pinafores.

Hayes consolidated schools: 5 chemises, 10 towels, i afghan, 10
hospital towels, 2 comfort pillows.

Highview consolidated: 2 bed socks, 5 sheets, 10 hospital bags,
2 comfort pillows.

Albert City schools: 4 chemises, 24 hospital bags, 4 layettes, 12
scrap books, 8 ambulance pillows, 1200 gun wipes.

Rembrandt consolidated: 7 sateen pinafores, 24 scrap books, 20
knitted wash cloths.

Lincoln-Lee consolidated: 4 chemises, i knitted afghan, 2 pina-
fores, several towels.

Marathon public schools: 300 gun wipes, t,/ pairs of wristlets,
1 1 helmets, 9 pairs of socks, i hood, 4 capes, 3 sleeve boards, 2 broom
holders, 3 bracket shelves, 237 quilt blocks, 42 scarfs, 56 sweaters.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 701

7 wash cloths, i quilt, 4 pinafores, 2 book racks i shoe box, 2 meat
boards.

Providence consolidated: This school did some splendid work,
but because the superintendent went into the service before the close
of school, no complete record of the work was turned in.

Linn Grove public schools : This school did some good work, but
no report was turned in to the chapter school committee.

Fairview consolidated: This school did some good work, but the
pupils worked with the seniors, and no separate report was turned in
to the chapter school committee.

Newell consolidated: 140 9x9 compresses, 125 4x4 compresses,
208 z-i^i compresses, 335 8x8 compresses, 19 five-yard rolls, 6 split
irrigation pads, 10 aprons, 6 petticoats, 4 chemises, 5 capes with
hoods, 30 dresses, i night gown, 28 pairs of knitting needles at 35c,
22 dresses, 26 shirts, 5 quilts, 15 capes, i apron, 2 sweaters, 23 hoods,
21 pairs bootees, 24 jackets, 1300 gun wipes, i knitted quilt.

Sioux Rapids public schools: 100 gardens started, 32 petticoats,
24 petticoats partly complete, 5 bonnets, 4 pinafores, 4 capes with
hoods, 12 wash clotths, 3 afghans, 3,000 gun wipes, 100 shot bags,
snippings.

Alta consolidated: no wash cloths, 6 comfort pillows, 4 strings,
gun wipes, 4 chemises, 4 capes with hoods, 150 afghan squares, i
large afghan, 2 complete layettes, 2 bonnets, 8 jackets, 22 diapers,
26 pairs bootees, 20 flannel shirts, 17 infant dresses, 225 9x9 com-
presses, 175 8x4 compresses, 9 hospital shirts, 225 4x4 compresses,
50 2x2 sponge wipes.

Rural schools of Newell Township: 8 quilts, 6 bags, 4 towels,
120 5x5 squares, 90 trench candles, 106 gun wipes, 4 baby dresses,
3 slips, 2 dresses for child, i pair baby bootees, 8 pairs bootees.

Lutheran school, Grant Township: 2 dozen khaki handkerchiefs.

Elk No. 5 : Ellen Hanson, teacher — 2 knitted wash cloths, 5 af-
ghan squares.

Grant No. 4: Olivia Anderson, teacher — 12 towels.

Pickerel Lake: Mabel Wassom, teacher — 11 towels, 4 hot water
bag covers.

Coon No. I : Marie Ehlers, teacher — i complete baby layette.

Fairfield No. "i : Doris Hawk, teacher — i knitted quilt.

Fairfield No. 2: Mabel Anderson, teacher — 14 towels.

702 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Fairfield No. 3 : Agnes Nelson, teacher — 50 gun wipes, 23 towels.

Fairfield No. 4: Lottie Sweet, teacher — 5 scrap books, 2 quilts.

Fairfield No. 6: Alice Larson, teacher — 16 towels, 14 bunches
gun wipes.

Fairfield No. 7 : Audrey Sturchler, teacher — i quilt, 2 wash
cloths.

Lincoln No. 7: Media Blomgren, teacher — 100 gun wipes, 6
towels, 2 quilts.

Fairfield No. 9 : Florence Carlson, teacher — 200 gun wipes.

Coon No. i: Bertha Doxsee, teacher — 12 pairs baby bootees,
12 handkerchief substitutes, 4 hospital shirts, 11 pairs leggings, 7
towels, 2 quilts, 6 hot water bag covers.

Coon No. 2: Carrie Bloem, teacher — i pair bootees, 16 gun
wipes.

Coon No. 5 : Nellie Strauss, teacher — 616 gun wipes, 3 hot water
bag covers, 16 trench candles.

J. U. G. Club

A group of fifteen little girls rendered a service of splendid spirit.
These little maids, banded together as the J. U. G. (Just Us Girls)
Club, seeking an opportunity to do something useful, approached Mrs.
Arthur Edson to direct their efforts when they learned that she was
the lady who had charge of the making of layettes for Belgian babies.
She first assigned them to the duty of hemming napkins, which they
did so well that they were soon given the making of bootees, crochet-
ing, the making of layette bags, running the tape in jackets and hoods,
rolling binders, and many other little things. They also assembled
the material and made fourteen crib quilts. In April the Des Moines
Capital asked for donations of jelly for the hospital at Camp Dodge,
and the club sent a box of twenty glasses. This exhibition of willing-
ness to do for the soldiers brought a request from a Des Moines lady
for knitted afghans for invaHds at Fort Des Moines. Thereupon the
girls knitted two for Camp Dodge, two for the base hospital at Fort
Des Moines, and were asked for others, to be used by convalescents
who go about in wheeled chairs.

The little girls have many friends who have helped them in every
way possible, so have had much material ; but it has been necessary to
buy considerable yarn and other materials. In order to meet this ex-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 703

pense the girls pieced and sold one comfort top for $3, one woolen
comfort for $6.50, another for $5, and two silk quilts which sold for
good figures.

They also sold "Conservation cake" recipes which netted about $20,
pop corn for $2, and made and sold kitchen holders for $7.50, all of
which was placed in and disbursed through the bank. With the re-
turns of this fund they filled sixteen Christmas boxes for the returned
wounded soldiers at the base hospital at Fort Des Moines, and bought
linings and cotton for comforts and yarn for afghans. Even after this
was accomplished money was left over which was spent for providing
comforts for boys in hospitals. At the time of the "flu" epidemic the
club collected rags and cut them into squares for the local Red Cross
hospital. The girls hemmed twenty-five handkerchiefs for the Red
Cross and collected forty used phonograph records for base hospitals.

Club membership is limited to fifteen girls, all of ages between nine
and twelve years, and they met every Thursday afternoon after
school. They continued their work of providing comforts for wounded
men long after the signing of the armistice.

"Thank you" letters for Christmas boxes came from men between
nineteen and twenty years of age, who had lost either arms or legs,
with the exception of one, who was suffering with an efifection of the
spine.

Two members of the club, Margaret Van Wagenen and Virginia
Mack, were ill with the influenza when the picture which appears
in this book was taken. Soon after the photograph was made Eileen
Connor resigned to become a member of a club of older girls, and
her membership in the J. U. G. Club was taken by Mary Putnam.

The J. F. F. Club

Another group of girls who contributed to this work was the J.
F. F. Club, whose name suggested the spirit of their work. J. F. F.
stands for "Just For Fun." This group was organized May 8th at
the home of Helen Banghart. The object of the club was to do
Junior Red Cross work, study a Red Cross lesson from the Red Cross
magazine, and have a short social meeting each time.

The members voted Helen Banghart as president, Mary Putnam
as vice president, Gertrude Beatty as secretary, and Pauline Whitney
as treasurer. Mrs. E. D. Banghart served as patroness of the club.

704 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Meetings were held every Friday afternoon during the entire sum-
mer, and hght refreshments were served at the close of each afternoon.

The club prepared and gave three songs at a community sing. The
members made fifty-four comfort cushions, which were sent to the
hospitals; two dozen knitted squares for comfort quilts, unravelled
contributions of knitted garments to secure the yarn for other uses,
and helped make layettes for Belgian relief work. The sum of $4.50
was earned and turned into the Junior Red Cross treasury.

The membership consisted of Helen Banghart, Gertrude Beatty,
Ruth Johnson, Esther Millard. Ella Manchester, Helen Mittelstadt,
Erma Mittlestadt, Charlotte Schultz, Phyllis McGill, Joyce Kaufman,
Virginia Morey, Louise Parkhill, Mary Putnam, Geneva Roberts,
Elizabeth Skewis, Pauline Whitney, Ruth Angier, Opal Oglesby,
Maurine McClure, Evelyn Carlson, and Alberta Bell.

Financing the Great War

American emerges from the war a creditor nation. In other words,
the financial balance for the first time in history is all in her favor.

When America entered the war she automatically assumed respon-
sibility as the world's banker. To meet and discharge that respon-
sibility she has built up a vast and smooth running financial machine
that is now without equal. The hugeness of the sums involved made
the building of such a machine absolutely necessary.

One authority estimates that the aggregate monetary cash of the
war to the Allies was $152,000,000,000,000.

The United States' share was approximately $20,000,000,000.
The bills of the other six active Allies were: Great Britain, $52,-
000,000,000 ; France, $32,000,000 000 ; Russia, $30,000,000,000 ; Italy,
$12,000,000,000; Roumania, $3,000,000,000; Serbia, $3,000,000,000.

The meeting of these costs necessitated going deeply into debt ; they
were forced to borrow during the war in the neighborhood of $96,-
000,000,000. This indebtedness, added to the pre-war obligations,
means a combined debt of approximately $115,000,000,000.

DEBT FAR BELOW WEALTH

These figures seem stupendous at first glance, but in comparison
to the estimated national wealth and annual income of each they are
really small. The almost staggering total of American war debt is

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 705

to be seen in proper proportion if compared with obligations follow-
ing the Civil War. As compared to population and resources the
latter was far greater. A conservative estimate of the wealth and
yearly income of the four nations active at the close of the war, to-
gether with their debt, is appended:

Wealth Debt Income

United States ...$300,000,000,000 $23,632,821,219 $50,000,000,000

Great Britain . . . 86,000,000,000 30,000,000,000 12,500,000,000

France 62,000,000,000 26,000,000,000 8,000,000,000

Italy 16,000,000,000 10,000,000,000 3,000,000,000

The United States debt on June i, 1919, as shown above, includes
$1,208,000,000 of pre-war debt.

America's loans to the allies

It is well to remember, however, that of this amount $7,912,976,000
represents credits and loans advanced to our allies and some small
states inactively opposed to Germany. Of this sum $100,000,000 was
advanced to Italy and $80,000,000 to France after the armistice had
been signed. The total advance to each individual nation follows:
Great Britain, $3,745,000,000; France $2,445,000,000; Italy, $1,160,-
000,000; Russia, $325,000,000; Belgium, $193,520,000; Greece, $15,-
790,000; Cuba, $15,000,000; Serbia, $12,000,000; Roumania, $6,666,-
666; and Liberia, $5,000,000.

American raised a considerable part of the war cost through taxa-
tion, the revenue receipts in the fiscal year 1917-1918 amounting to
$3,694,703,000. Of this, $2,839,083,000 represented war excess prof-
its and income taxes paid in June, forms of levy entirely new to
America.

LIBERTY bonds AND WAR SAVINGS STAMPS

There were other new measures besides the unusual method of tax-
ation adopted by the United States in meeting her war cost. Liberty
bonds, with the methods of sales, war savings stamps, and certificates
of indebtedness were new to our country.

The sale of $21,430,126,350 in bonds was no small task. The of-
ferings were spread over nearly two years of time, June 15, 191 7, to
May 20, 1 919, but in the same period all the world was bidding ex-
orbitant rates for money. To restrain competition in the capital mar-

7o6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

ket the government supervised all security offerings and barred those
which were not absolutely necessary. So successful was this measure
that corporate and municipal financing fell off perceptibly, with the
result that the fourth liberty loan — the largest piece of financing
ever attempted — was over-subscribed by nearly fifteen per cent. The
following table shows the dates, the quota, subscription, and the amount
issued in the different loans:

Quota Subscribed Issued

I St — June 15, 1917 . . .$2,000,000,000 $3,035,226,850 $1,989,455,550

2d — Nov. 15, 1917 . . . 3,000,000,000 4,617,522,300 3,807,864,200

3d — May 9,1918 3,000,000,000 4,176,516,850 4,175,148,150

4th — Oct. 24, 1918. . . . 6,000,000,000 6,992,927,100 6,957,658,450

5th — May 20, 1919 . . 4,500,000,000 5,249,908,300 4,500,000,000

Total 18,500,000,000 24,072,101,400 21,430,126,350

The first loan found Buena Vista County quite unprepared. A
chairman had been appointed for the county, but no definite plan had
been worked out for the sale of the bonds. The U. C. T. members
and quite a number of others volunteered their services as salesmen.
They solicited principally in the towns of the county. The rest was
left largely to volunteer purchase through the banks. This was the
only loan in which Buena Vista County failed to make its quota, but
she made up for it on the other issues as shown by the county detail
chart.

Tlic liberty loan organization for the second issue was in some-
what better shape to handle the sales. The county chairman had ap-
pointed chairmen for each town and township. They, with volunteer
salesmen and the banks, succeeded in selling more than the amount
allotted for the county. This was made possible by some of these
workers putting in a full month's time at the work.

In order to better spread the work of selling the next issues of
government loans, as well as getting a better distribution of the bonds,
the county chairman had all the banks in the county make up lists of
all the subscribers of the first and second loans, showing their place
of residence and the amounts subscribed. These lists and amounts
were compared with the population and assessed value of the differ-
ent towns and townships at a meeting of the liberty loan workers
from over the county. The comparison at this meeting showed the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 707

necessity for a better organization, as there was a total of only 415
subscribers to the first loan and 2,000 in the second. In the first loan
there were eleven precincts with less than ten subscribers.

It was concensus of opinion among the workers that a better plan
of organization should be worked out at the next meeting of the
workers to be held after the meeting of loan workers of the Federal
Reserve District at Chicago in advance of the third liberty loan. At
this next meeting the men who attended the Chicago meeting report-
ed back the War Service League plan as the ideal organization to
simplify the work and to get all of the citizens of this county to take
their fair share of each liberty loan. The operations and methods
of this War Service League are told in another chapter.

COUNTY COMMENDED

Writing on behalf of the Treasury Department, from the offices of
the war loan organization of the Federal Reserve District in Chicago,
under date of May 26, 1919, C. H. Schweppe says:

Before the organization disbands, I write to congratulate Buena
Vista County on the splendid showing in the recent Victor Liberty
Loan campaign. It went "over the top" in fine shape.

LIBERTY LOAN ROSTER^

Fairfield Township and Albert City — August Junkermier, Henry
Hadenfelt, John Patten, M. C. Reuland, A. E. Sweet, Aug. Siekman,
A. L. Shaffer, W. L. Wehlmerling, John Atkins, W. F. Burkler,
Charles G. Blomgren, T. E. De Spain.

Alta — Thomas Scambler, Jesse Wilkinson, John B. Walker, W.
W. Ullom, W. C. Rowlands, Roy H. Wilkinson, C. D. Peterson,
Samuel Parker, Henry J. Poulson, Lars Larson, M. J. Lundahl, P.
Morrissey, D. E. Hadden, H. J. Hofifeins, Ned E. Dahl, Frank Fried-
lund, J. H. Allen, G. A. Benson, David H. Carpenter.

Brooke Township — A. B. Colman, H. C. Erickson, Frens Hansen,
Frank Lindlief, Fred Flagman, L. D. Schultz, C. L. Haight, Walter
Christensen, W. T. Spurlock, Nels Chilgren, Lee Pennington, George
Gafifey.

1 Wc have tried to give as many names of people wlio have assisted with Liberty Loan
work as possible. We presented questionnaires to all families in the county and secured in-
formation from the families in the county as to the work that each worker had done in the
various activities. The names given were secured from the questionnaires which were re-
turned to us.

7o8

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

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HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 709

Coon Township — Henry F. Ahmholtz, O. F. Bellows, A. Engler,
Fred W. Griffel, Jr., H. W. Lehmkuhl, William Minden, Carl Niel-
son, C. F. Porath, W. O. Sievers, Henry D. Thieman, Ross Wilson,
H. Wendrup, L. F. Webber.

Elk Township — A. W. Buckingham, L. C. Kramer, Henry W.
Haase, C. N. Christensen, John R. Pierson, C. M. Hansen, J. P. An-
derson, J. A. Buckingham, George N. Booth, Claus Johnson, A. C.
Johnson, Carl Johnson, Jens Miller, C. G. Olson, J. R. Pierson, A. W.
Peterson, Ed. Rehnstrom, Carl Watson.

Grant Township — Rev. F. Albrecht, W. L. Danforth, Fred Hig-
gins, J. M. Hussey, Herman Melhop, Ed. C. Spooner, W. H. Sievers,
P. A. Soeth, N. M. Hoffman.

Hayes Township — Frank Eckhardt, Ross Fultz, Job Francis,
Robert Gring, J. S. Haines, Frank F. Johnson, A. O. Meinhard, Wil-
liam Pike, J. H. Ross, Ira Canon, T. M. Renshaw, Paul C. Eroeger,
H. E. Ehayer, Ed. J. Zinn.

Lee Township — George Brown, Oliver Byam, Sam A. Bennett,
Milton Evans, Louis Hadenfeldt, J. Oliver Landsness, Eve Thomas,

B. J. Eorkelson, A. B. Torkelson, E. P. Williams, A. L. Wilson.
Lincoln Township — John Atkins, W. F. Burkler, Chas. Blomgren,

T. E. DeSpain, Henry Hadenfelt, August C. Junkermeier, John Pat-
ten, M. O. Reuland, K. E. Sweet, Aug. Siekman, A. I. Shaffer, W.
L. Welmerling.

Linn Grove and Barnes Township — A. H. Mickelson, Eennis
Bertness, William McGrew, C. O. Friedlund, W. J. Rystad, O. W.
Peterson, W. F. Anderson, P. A. Barstad, John S. Cleveland, C. J.
Christensen, Otto Dokken, John T. Evans, C. A. Fulton, E. E. Fried-
lund, H. Haroldson, O. H. Hesla, A. J. Johnson, Fred Mangold, N.
P. Nelson.

Maple Valley Township — H. D. Hinkeldey, W. H. Schmidt, L. S.
Plog, Wm. Younie, Wm. Breecher, W. E. Driscoll, Charles Holtz,
Carl Harris, John A. Hollingsworth, Ernest Neumann, Oscar Peter-
son, Bert Schuelke, George Tolzin," Gus Eurnquist, Rev. Henry Weh-
king, H. Wendel, Charles Zwemke, William Frederick.

Newell (Town)— M. J. Ehuesen, Geo. W. Chaney, Mrs. M. A.
Armstrong, J. E. Brown, R. Frederickson, Geo. L. Fredenberg, F. O.
Holcomb, W. L. Holtz, E. P. Layman, L. T. Parker, F. G. Redfield,

C. O. E. Trukken, Rev. J. D. Vinding, C. R. Waterman.

7IO HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Newell Township — H. A. Robbins, Geo. W. Schultz, R. H. Santer,
Anton Thompsen, Henry Nitzke, John Wart, E. P. Kruse, Mert
Rodda, Ivan M. Adams, J. A. Dallenbach, O. B. Ellis, Andrew P.
Gran, M. C. Haines, Ferdinand Hemmingsen, T. F. Householder, J.
P. Johnson, Eric P. Kruse, John Lenahan, L. P. Liml, Lars Larsen,
Lee P. Lund, Warren J. Newton, M. J. O'Connor.

Nokomis Township — Peter Strom, A. L. Anderson, J. A. Blom,
Fred H. Breecher, F. W. Cone, D. C. Holmes, Christian Hansen,
Geo. A. Johnson, Geo. H. Larson, Chas. McCurdy, Martin Madsen,
Peter Matson, P. R. Moser, Andrew D. Newlson, Geo. J. Parrott,
A. W. Peterson, A. A. Peterson, S. C. Porter, R. E. Parker, P. J.
Swanson, J. B. Stomberg, C. Schott, Albert Waldo, B. A. Warme.

Marathon and Poland Township — Wilfred Gary, Sanford Lund-
gren, W. J. Miller, E. R. Peters, Lee Ruebel, M. C. Starrett, Charles
Thomas, Z. W. Ereman, E. B. Wells, J. H. Wegerslev, R. B. Wetzell,
Roy M. Whitehead.

Providence Township — E. B. Ackerman, Emil Bodholdt, James
Jensen, John H. McKenna, J. N. Reding, John Toohey, E. P. Wright,
Fred C. Britten.

Rembrandt — H. C. Berger, O. J. Hegna, Forrest W. Hickman,
W. O. McGrew, Conrad J. Peterson, H. D. Kaufman.

Sioux Rapids — William H. Clark, E. M. Puroe, F. H. Diercks,
F. W. Fairchild, J. E. Holden, James Lewison, T. W. Murdock, A. B.
Snyder, C. L. Sipe, E. E. Smith, William J. Sutton, Howard Sawyer,
Jacob A. Smith.

Scott Township — R. C. Kramer, P. H. Betz, A. O. Lokken, Oliver
Brandvold, Wm. Bice, Oscar F. Bodine, G. R. Fanning, H. C. Lind-
lief, J. C. Larsen, Guy McGibben, C. N. Matson, Jake Spears.

Storm Lake — A. E. Brunson, Ona Grace Buland, L. E. Ballou,
Jr., John R. Bell, Robert Blakely, Frank Barr, T. H. Chapman,
George Currier, Ed Dahl, T. V. Dumbaugh, Tom D. Filers, B. B.
Fiscus, W. L. Geisinger, Donald M. Grant, M. Hayes, Ben Hollen-
beck, C. C. Jackson, Ray Jones, J. W. Salter, David F. Shannon, P.
C. Toy, P. H. Eoohey, Mrs. E. R. Eurner, Eorrence Ehomas, A. E.
Troeger, L. H. Weisenberger, Ralph Witter, A. L. Whitney, Fred
Steig, Thos. Parks, Ralph Diehl, John W. Gibson, Frank F. Mittel-
stadt, Guy E. Mack, Ernest Melcher, Wm. Miller, Chas. H. J. Mit-
chell, George C. Mack, E. W. Oates, R. C. Point, D. E. Quinn, E. G.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 711

Scofield, Walter S. Steffin, Geo. J. Schaller, J. A. Schmitz, D. A. Rice,
J. H. La Grange, Ariel Tymeson, C. H. McDermott, J. L. Clapp, C.
B. McGill, L. B. Florey, Boyd McFadden, E. B. Bennett, L. S. Todd,
J. Park Bair, R. W. Ford, M. A. Fischer, J. T, Edson, Grant E.
Triplett.

Washington Township — E. H. Burkler, Joseph R. Gutel, L. M.
Holcomb, Alex Holmes, J. N. Horackler, H. H. Lang, Wm. Gutel,
John Strock, Henry L. Steig, Fred H. Steig, Ralph StuU, Henry
Steinhilver, A. P. Sprague, G. F. Thompson.

WAR SAVINGS STAMPS

Buena Vista County oversubscribed her War Savings Stamps
quota by 3.74 per cent, vi'hile the nation as a whole did not subscribe
to quite fifty per cent of the national allotment, according to the final
figures. This is another way in which the county did more than her
share to help finance the war.

This was a form of financing from what originated in the sale of
Thrift Stamps, which began in December of 191 7. It was intended
to conserve the smallest savings with a view to converting them into
a national resource. The Thrift Stamps were purchased for twenty-
five cents each. They were affixed to a card officially known as a
War Savings Certificate and more popularly known as a "Baby Bond."
When twenty of these stamps were assembled on the certificate, which
was valued at sums ranging from $4.12 to $4.23, according to the
month in which they were purchased, the purchaser paid the differ-
ence above the $4 represented in stamps attached and the purchase
price at that time; then the certificate became an interest bearing
security against the United States due in five years. The law which
authorized this form of financing provided that the sum outstanding
at any time should not exceed $2,000,000,000, maturity value, the
amount of War Savings Certificates sold to any one person at any
time should not exceed $100, and no person should hold an aggre-
gate amount exceeding $1,000 at any one time. While it was pri-
marily intended that these certificates should run for five years, they
could be redeemed at any money-order postoffice upon ten days'
notice.

On March 31, 1919, the net cash receipts derived from the sale of
War Savings Stamps and Thrift Stamps were $994,694,869.77. Buena

712 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Vista County's quota, based upon the contemplated issue of $2,000,-
000,000, was $334,240, but she finally bought in a sum totaling
$357,128.50.

While the sale was conducted primarily through the postoffice,
banks were authorized to make sales, as well as railroad and express
companies, department and other retail stores who patriotically offer-
ed their services without expense. Postmasters of the county gave
personal attention to the sale of War Savings Stamps and Certifi-
cates. The postmasters of the county during this period were : Storm
Lake, Mrs. E. S. Morcombe; Alta, N. A. Christensen; Newell, W.
E. Holtz; Albert City, Oscar Farb; Marathon, Mrs. Laura Figert;
Sioux Rapids, Mrs. Holmquist; Linn Grove, H. E. Erickson; Rem-
brandt, Regina Spiegelberg; Truesdale, C. B. Andrews. Under the
newly-installed system of postal accounting the county seat was the
central office of the county as a district and all reports were made to
the postmaster at the county seat.

L. F. Parker, of Newell, as chairman of the county organization
which pushed the sale of the stamps was assisted by the following
organization :

Executive committee: County Superintendent A. E. Harrison,
Storm Lake; Mrs. C. T. Millard, Storm Lake; Andrew Brown, Alta;
H. L. Farmer, Sioux Rapids; W. E. Herren, county agricultural
agent. Storm Lake.

Local chairmen: A. H. Barnett, Linn Grove; A. B. Snyder, Sioux
Rapids; Laura H. Figert, Marathon; G. B. Egington, Storm Lake;
Chas. Van Buskirk, Alta; W. L. Holtz, Newell; Frank L. Mott,
Truesdale; C. E. Cooper, Rembrandt; C. B. Whitehead, Albert City.

Township chairmen : O. E. Anderson, Brooke ; A. D. Oder, Barnes ;
J. O. Landsness, Lee; Joel E. Johnson, Poland; J. W. Akins, Elk;
John Rehnstrom, Scott ; W. L. Ernst, Lincoln ; August Anderson,
Fairfield; R. C. Brogmus, Nokomis; H. H. Lang, Washington; C. F.
Gutz, Grant; D. Kischer, Coon; L. C. Plog, Maple Valley; L. R.
Mclntire, Hayes ; R. C. McRae, Providence ; W. H. Holtz, Newell.

Programs were held in many of the schools, and speakers from out-
side were secured to help educate and enthuse Buena Vista County
people on the matter of purchasing War Savings Stamps.

At the time when the War Savings Stamps plan of finance was
first announced it was expected that the quota would be taken up dur-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 713

ing the year by the children and people who wanted to help win the
war by laying aside small savings. The committee in charge spent
a lot of time and effort in educational work with considerable suc-
cess. However, when the year was more than half gone national
and state leaders of the W. S. S. found that the amount asked for
would not be raised by the end of the year, so they made a universal
call, asking for direct solicitation of all people in order to raise the
quotas. Buena Vista organizations and people responded nobly to
the call as the foregoing figures show.

• WAR SAVINGS STAMPS ROSTER^

Fairfield Township and Albert City — Oscar M. Fark, C. E. Gil-
branson, M. M. Hansen, Peter Lindgren, B. A. Peterson, G. M. An-
derson, Aug. Anderson, Axel Benna, C. J. Benna, J. F. Boyd, Ralph
E. Carlson, John Erickson, R. S. Sprague, C. A. Walner, Ernest
Toval.

Alta — C. A. Van Burkirk, Walter Partridge, W. C. Rowlands,
Roy H. Wilkinson, Samuel Parker, Henry Poulson, M. J. Lundahl,
Peter Coxx, R. C. Brogmus, David H. Carpenter, N. A. Christensen.

Brooks Township — A. B. Colman, H. B. Erickson, Frens Hansen,
Frank Lindlief, Fred Flagman, L. D. Schultz, C. L. Haight, Walter
Christensen, Nels Chilgren, Lee Pennington.

Coon Township — Henry F. Almholtz, J. G. Anderson, O. F. Bel-
lows, Fred W. Griffel, Jr., Wm Minden, C. F. Porath, E. G. Soder-
quist, W. O. Sievers, L. T. Webber.

Elk Township — A. E. Vanderhoff, L. C. Kramer, Henry W.
Haase, C. N. Christensen, Ellen Hansen, Mrs. C. E. Amnions, J. A.
Buckingham, Nels Fredericksen, V. W. Haahr, Bertel Hansen, Claus
Johnson, A. C. Johnson, Mrs. Gust Kruse, C. N. Madsen, W. H.
Peterson, Gus Peterson, Carl Peterson.

Grant Township — C. F. Gutz.

Hayes Township — Mrs. J. H. Ross, Ira Canon, E. M. Renshaw.

Lincoln Township — Ed Dahlstrom, John Atkins, Geo. Hutchison,
Miss Amelia Seikman, Miss Rose Shaffer.

Lee Township — R. R. Morrow, Floyd Anderson, Oliver Byam, An-
drew Edwardson, E. Fairchild, Rose Hadenfelt, Edna Hadenfelt, J.

1 We have tried to give as many names of people who have assisted with the War Savings
Stamps work as possible. We presented questionnaires to all families in the county asking
the names of the members of the family who had assisted in the various activities. The
names given here were secured from the questionnaires which were returned to us.

714 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Oliver Landsness, A. B. Torkelson, A. C. Vail, Blanche Wilson, Fay
Lenhart, Myrtle Lenhart, Pearl Lenhart, Cordelia Skelton, Wendell
Skelton.

Barnes Township — Edward Evans, Harry E. Erickson, J. A.
Hein, O. H. Hesla, Ira Hansen, A. J. Johnson, John A. Johnson, A.
W. Michelson, O. E. Anderson, W. J. Rystad, O. L. Anderson, Donald
M. M. Bateson, Carl Colby, Roy Cleveland, Andrew Johnson, C. A.
Storla, H. C. Sondberg.

Maple Valley Township — L. C. Plog, Wm. Younie, R. H. Younie,
John A. Bruhns, Wm. Frederick, C. J. Schmidt, Geo. Tolzin, Rev.
Henry Wehking.

Marathon and Poland Township — Adam Bentley, L. C. Agler,
Fred Bjork, J. E. Johnson, A. Lindgren, A. R.' Nelson, Adolph Nel-
son, Roy M. Whitehill, Letha Erickson, Emil Erickson, Almright
Erickson, W. L. Dingman, Fred Claussen, Ernest Claussen.

Town of Newell — Geo. W. Chaney, J. E. Brown, L. E. Couch, F.
O. Holcomb, W. L. Holtz, H. A. Harvey, D. L. Hoeffle, John Newton,
Walter Olson, L. F. Barker, F. G. Redfield, R. J. Thomas.

Newell Township — R. H. Sauter, E. W. Cook, Andrew P. Gran,
Eric P. Kruse.

Nokomis Township — Peter Strom, L. C. Anderson, Oscar Adolph-
son, J. A. Blom, D. C. Holmes, Charles McCurdy, Andrew D. Nel-
son, S. C. Porter, P. J. Swanson, J. B. Stomberg, C. Schott.

Providence Township — A. B. Heath, James Jensen, Ehos. Mernin,
Joe McKenna, M. Morrissey, John N. McKenna, J. N. Reding, John
Toohey, E. P. Wright.

Rembrandt — Gust E. Peterson, IT. C. Berger, A. D. Oder.

Scott Township — R. E. Peterson, John M. Rhenstrom, P. H. Betz,

A. O. Lokken, Oscar F. Bodine, J. P. Conley, C. G. Gustafson, H. C.
Lindlief, J. C. Larson, Miss Lillian Madsen, Will Patton.

Sioux Rapids — Mrs. G. W. Alexander, H. S. Farmer, R. E. George,
J. E. Holden, T. M. Murdock, A. B. Snyder, C. P. Sickels, O. P. Ol-
son, Alfred Olson, Howard Sawyer.

Storm Lake — Mrs. O. J. Anderson, Miss Grace Buland, L. E.
Ballon, Jr., Mrs. J. H. Brown, Mrs. Ed. Dahl, Tom D. Filers, Mrs.

B. B. Fiscus, Mrs. August Hoch, J. W. Souther, Mrs. Chas. Chap-
man, Grace E. Mack, Chas. H. J. Mitchell, Geo. C. Mack, Mrs. E. W.
Oates, Mrs. George T. Putman, Mrs. H. E. Roberts, Mrs. W. G.
Stock, Mrs. R. W. Roberts, Mrs. J. L. Clapp, Mrs. Henry Steig, F.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 715

B. Florey, Boyd McFadden, E. B. Barnett, L. S. Todd, J. Park Bair,
Mrs. Lucy W. Bowers, Mrs. Geo. A. Lewis.

Washington Township — Henry L. Steig, E. L. Davidson, Walter
Ernest, H. H. Lang.

TREASURY CERTIFICATES

Because of the rapid flow of money through the federal treasury
to meet heavy demands of war time expenses it was necessary for
the government to anticipate, at some stages of the war, the revenues
to be realized from the sale of liberty bonds. In this emergency the
banks were again called upon. Treasury certificates were issued,
which were purchased by the banks. These were outstanding claims
against the funds of the next subsequent issue of bonds. The cer-
tificates were redeemed from the bank when the bonds were sold, then
it would not be long until another issue of the certificates was needed
— and again the banks furnished funds temporarily. The financial
institutions of Buena Vista County did not ask their customers to
carry any of this form of collateral, but carried it themselves. Just
previous to the third, fourth, and fifth loans they loaned in this way
to the government sums which totaled $2,887,000. The amounts
credited to the several banks of the county are as follows :

Farmers Savings Bank, Albert City, $57,500; Security Savings
Bank Albert City, $212,500; Alta State Bank, Alta, $278,000; First
National Bank, Alta, $202,500; Bank of Linn Grove, Linn Grove,
$54,500; First National Bank, Linn Grove, $140,500; Citizens Bank,
Marathon, $35,500; First National Bank, Marathon, $78,000; Mara-
thon Savings Bank, Marathon, $8:^,500 ; First National Bank, Newell,
$111,500; Miller & Chaney Bank, Newell, $204,500; Farmers State
Bank, Rembrandt, $85,500; First National Bank, Rembrandt, $74,500;
Bank of Sioux Rapids, Sioux Rapids, $145,500; First National Bank,
Sioux Rapids, $166,000; Citizens National Bank, Storm Lake,
$455,000; Commercial National Bank, Storm Lake, $253,500; Securi-
ty Trust & Savings Bank, Storm Lake, $184,500; Truesdale Savings
Bank, Truesdale, $65,000.

BANKS HELPED MANY WAYS

Reference at this point to the service of the banks in this particular
line is a reminder of the generous service rendered by these institu-

7i6 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

tions at many stages of the war period when it was desired to coordi-
nate individual resources into an activity for the common good.

It was indeed very natural that the banks should be sought out as
the proper sources of advice and information on financial issues in
volving support of governmental finances. No citizen of this county
ever went to a Buena Vista County banker but what he received all
the information that was available. The bankers explained the de-
tails of the many operations ; in the first and second liberty loans they
practically carried the whole county quota. When the public began
subscribing for these bonds, the banks sent out notices as to when the
payments came due ; they offered their safety deposit facilities for the
safe keeping of bonds before and after delivery to the purchasers ; and
above all they recommended the purchase of bonds when they knew
that the payments to meet them would deplete the savings and check-
ing deposits in the institutions. The banks were active in all the
campaigns.

Reports required by the new income tax law were naturally referred
to the banks. There were months during the rush of war measures
that the full time of one man was occupied with this service for the
public and the government. And this at a time when every business
house in the country was operating with limited personnel. Well
trained men from every institution had gone into the service of the
country, making a substitution necessary. Long hours of over-time
were put in by the active banking forces in order to anywhere near
meet the demands of the business and the public.

• PLAN FOR EFFICIENT WORK

Representatives of the liberty loan organization of Buena Vista
County who attended the meeting of the Chicago Federal Reserve
District in advance of the third liberty loan were given a choice of
two ways of handling the liberty loans of the future. One way was
to use a colored card system — sending the names of those refusing
to subscribe on a yellow card, those willing to subscribe part of the
allotted quota on a pink card, while those who subscribed the full
quota would be listed on blue cards, the complete list of which would
be forwarded to the Treasury Department. Under this plan the
Treasury department would handle the enforcement of the bond sub-
scription.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 717

A second plan was the War Service Association plan. The loan
representative elected to adopt the latter plan because it was thought
that quicker action could be had under this plan, a better organiza-
tion could be perfected and held together, and also the loans would
be handled with less trouble to the people of Buena Vista County, be-
cause the cases of those who refused to subscribe in full for their
allotment were in nearly all instances caused through misunderstand-
ing rather than by hostility to our government. Under the war ser-
vice plan they could be approached, could be given information and
have their misapprehensions explained away by people with whom
they were acquainted. The choice was evidently a wise one, as in no
case was it necessary to call in the federal authorities, and not a single
resident of Buena Vista County was tried or convicted under the dif-
ferent laws of the United States Government during the entire period
of the war.

The War Service Association plan called for a complete organiza-
tion authorized to handle all loans, campaigns, and drives for funds
used for patriotic purposes during the period of the war and for six
months thereafter.

The organization was made up of a county board of ten called the
War Service Bureau, a state marshal with commission from the gov-
ernor, and an executive committee of five or more members for each
town and township, in addition to committees which might be neces-
sary in sub-divisions of towns or townships.

The county board of ten, or the War Service Bureau, was of neces-
sity made up of men living in the county seat, because they must be
ready at all times of the day to hold meetings on short notice. They
were selected on the basis of getting men who would handle the af-
fairs of the bureau without fear or favor. They were under oath to
attend meetings on call, and not to let business or family relations
interfere with matters that came up for their attention. The manner
of selection of this committee assured a representative personnel. The
county liberty loan chairman appointed two men; they selected the
next two; the four two more, and so on until the board of ten was
completed. The board was made up as follows: T. D. Eilers, A. L.
Whitney, T. H. Chapman, P. J. Toohey, W. C. Edson, F. P. Foster,
J. A. Schmitz, E. W. Oates, and George M. Pedersen. The officers
of the board were: T. H. Chapman, president; A. L. Whitney, first

7i8 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

vice president ; W. C. Edson, second vice president ; T. D. Eilers and
George M. Pederson, secretaries.

The man to serve as state marshal was selected by this board, upon
whose recommendation Governor Harding appointed Pat Clancy of
Storm Lake who, though serving without remuneration, was com-
missioned with authority to arrest and hold for investigation. Be-
hind him and the local board was a law passed by Congress making
it unlawful to circulate false reports with intent to instruct the sale
of liberty bonds. The measure was intended to protect the govern-
ment against those who would weaken its ability to raise the necessary
funds to finance the war in the manner prescribed by Congress. Pun-
ishment was designated as a fine of $10,000, twenty years' imprison-
ment, or both.

The executive committees of the towns or townships were appoint-
ed by the bureau with the recommendation of the chairman of each
district. The chairmen appointed were the men who had been acting
as chairman of the first and second loans in their respective precincts.
Articles of association set out the purposes and agreements of the
men who constituted the bureau as a determination to "aid our gov-
ernment in carr3dng on the war and promoting loyal and patriotic
responses to all plans of government, promulgated by constituted au-
thority, in aid of its war policies, and to that end we pledge our loyal
devotion." The pledge taken indicated that every member regarded
the signing of the card as an enlistment in the civilian army of the
country. No dues were assessed against the members. Any mem-
ber could be expelled by a three-fourths vote of the members present
at a regular meeting, provided that such a member should be entitled
to be advised of the charge against him and to be heard in defense.
Happily, no occasion ever arose to invoke this provision of the rules.

The names of the subsidiary organizations and their ofiicial per-
sonnel is as follows:

Liberty Loan and War Service Association — George J. Schaller,
Storm Lake, county chairman ; E. M. Ruroe, Sioux Rapids, vice county
chairman; J- R- Bell, Storm Lake, publicity chairman; Chas H. J.
Mitchell, speakers' bureau chairman.

Providence Township War Service Association — E. P. Wright,
chairman ; executive committee, A. B. Heathj H. C. Bodholdt, James
Jensen, E. B. Ackerman, W. G. Avenall; committee, E. J. Compton,

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 719

Frank Reding, A. Y. Nichols, Carl Christensen, M. T. Toohey, J. H.
Toohey, J. H. McKenna, Ed Daniels, Wm. Boyce, Henry Haarup.
War Service Association, West Grant Township — J. M. Hussey,
chairman ; executive committee, Ed Spooner, Fred Higgins ; commit-
tee, M. Hoffman, J. S. Amis, Paul Soeth, P. J. Gaherty, Theo. An-
derson.

War Service Association, Washington Township — Chairman,
William Gutel; executive committee, J. N. Horacher, H. H. Lang,
Joe Gutel, Frank Barr, Ben Eno; committee, A. P. Sprague, Elek
Holmes, John Strack, Luman Holcomb, Richard Burns, Henry S.
Steig, Ralph Witter, Ralph Stull, Fred Steig Jr.

War Service Association, Scott Township — Chairman, George R.
Fanning; executive committee, Oscar Bodine, William Bice, Oliver
Brandvold, A. Kacmarynski; committee, P. H. Betz, J. C. Connely,
J. C. Larson, Sam Enderson, Harry Lindlief, Martin Olson, Harold
Olson.

War Service Association, Coon Township — Chairman, H. W.
Lehmkuhl; executive committee, W. O. Sievers, Dick Kischer, O. F.
Bellows, C. F. Porath, H. F. Ahnholtz, Fred Kischer, H. D. Thieman;
committee, Wm. Griffel, A. A. Peterson, Walter Wendrup, R. W.
Wilson, Carl Neilson, Louis Weber, A. Engles, Mm. Minden, Fred
Griffel Jr.

War Service Bureau, Nokomis Township — Chairman, George H.
Larson ; executive committee, F. W. Cone, Peter Matsen, Peter Strom,
P. J. Swanson; committee, A. A. Peterson, Christian Hanson, O. W.
Anderson, Albert Waldo, S. C. Porter, Dave Holmes, George Parrott,
Albert Ankerson, C. Schott, P. R. Moser, Chas. McCurdy, John Stom-
berg, Ray Parker, Thos. Cattew, George M. Bell, Alfred Blom, A.
D. Nelson.

War Service Association, Maple Valley Township — Chairman,
Oscar Peterson; executive committee, Bert Schuelke, George Tolzin,
Chas. Zwemke, L. C. Lichtenberg; committee, Chas. Holtz, John Hol-
lingsworth, John Koth, Wm. Schmidt, H. D. Hinkeldey, Wm. Fred-
ericks, John Lichtenberg, Wm. Breecher, Carl Harris, Wm. Younie,
Alfred Cottong, Henry Husteadt, Gust Turnquist.

Newell Township War Service Association — Chairman, T. F.
Householder; executive committee, Ivan M. Adams, E. P. Kruse, L.

720 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

P. Lund, John Ward ; committee, J. P. Johnson, Mike O'Connor, Will
Sauter, F. Hemingsen, Andrew Gravi, Will Porath.

War Service Association, Elk Township — Chairman E. M. INIatz-
dorf; executive committee, C. M. Hanson, J. A. Buckingham, A. N.
Peterson, C. G. Johnson; committee, A. C. Johnson, J. P. Anderson,
Ed Rehnstrom, Walter Lauridson, C. G. Olson, J. V. Petton, George
N. Booth, Earl Waters, C. N. Christensen, John Pearson, W. H.
Haase, E. J. Warne, Carl Peterson, Almus Buckingham.

Lee Township War Service Association — Chairman, W. J. Sut-
ton; executive committee, B. J. Torkelson, Sam R. Bennett, O. L.
Byam Art Wilson; committee, Oliver Landsness, Edward Endsley,
Lou Hadenf eldt, E. Williams, Gus Grey, E. E. Thoma, H. E. Holmes.

Rembrandt-Barnes War Service Association — Chairman, D. W.
Thomas; secretary, O. J. Hegna; executive committee, Forest Hick-
man, Conrad J. Peterson, Hans Olson; committee, A. H. Mickelson,
Oliver Tolifson, Olof Sewolson, Helmer E. Haroldson, George K.
Peterson, Wm. McGrew, Harol Haroldson, Oscar Peterson, Tennis
Bertness, Fred Fairchild.

Sioux Rapids War Service Association — Chairman, C. L. Sipe;
executive committee, F. H. Diericks, L. R. White, T. M. Murdock,
E. E. Smith, A. B. Snyder; committee, O. P. Olsen, Alfred Olsen,
Howard Sawyer, H. L. Farmer, John Brummer.

Linn Grove War Service Association — Chairman, Will F. Ander-
son; executive committee. Otto Dokken, H. C. JNIcDanel, Oscar Ris-
Vold, E. E. Friedlund, N. P. Nelson, James Lewiston, C. J. Christen-
sen, Henry Berg, Oscar Erickson, C. F. Stuhlmiller, C. O. Friedlund,
Fred Mangold, J. T. Evans, O. H. Hesla, Andrew Johnson, H. L.
Pierce, O. E. Anderson.

Poland Township War Service Association — Chairman, Sanford
Lundgren; executive committee, Z. W. Treman, Will Geary, Frank
Lalley, Charles Thomas; committee, C. V. Okerberg, Joel E. John-
son, Lee Ruebel, R. W. Williams, G. M. Pullman, O. O. Howard,
J. W. Watts.

War Service Association, Storm Lake Township — Chairman,
Chas. Robbins; executive committee, Ira Angier, W. L. Geisinger, J.
T. Edson.

Fairfield Township and Albert City War Service Association —
Chairman, George R. Anderson; executive committee, C. E. Gulbran-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 721

son, F. D. Linder, A. J. Ryden, A. L. Bergling, Frank G. Johnson,
Carl Anderson, Alfred Danielson, Axel Benna ; committee, C. J. Benna,
Louis E. Larson, Fred Gustafson, J. P. Eckman, Aaron Olson, Hans
Johnson, Victor Anderson, Chas. Rutherford, Fritz G. Anderson,
Paul Anderson, Mike Conlin, C. H. Englund, Everett Warren, E.
Carlson, Arthur Anderson, Chas. A. Anderson, H. W. Lampe, F. T
Youngquist, Olof Nelson, B. A. Peterson, O. C. Anderson, Albert
Walstead, Thos. Frykberg, Wm. Behrens, J. A. Patten, George W.
Anderson, Amandus Skog, August Lindell, Frank Walner, Joe Evans,
H. Kischer.

Brooke Township War Service Association — Chairman, Frank
Lindlief ; executive committee, H. C. Erichsen, C. W. Plagman, Fred
Plagman, Nils Chilgren; committee, Clayton Haight, Frans Hanson,
Walter Christensen, L. D. Schultz, L. W. Morris.

Marathon War Service Association — Chairman, W. J. Miller;
executive committee, E. B. Wells, J. H. Wegerslev, E. R. Peters, M.
C. Starrett, N. G. Olney; committee, W. F. Couch, L. C. Burwell,
M. R. Soth, C. A. Johnson. F. O. Danielson, L. J. Olney, A. W. Ve-
derstrom, J. A. Hitchcock, A. A. Wells, T. H. Welch.

Newell War Service Association — Chairman, C. R. Waterman;
executive committee, M. J. Theusen, M. W. Conley, C. O. E. Erukken,
E. P. Layman; committee, G. W. Chaney, L. F. Parker, F. G. Red-
field, E. R. Norton, W. L. Holtz.

Lincoln Township War Service Association — Chairman, M. O.
Reuland; executive committee, W. F. Berkler, A. E. Sweet, Avigust
Siekman, A. I. Schaffer, Henry Hadenfeldt, Wm. Wellmerling, T.
E. DeSpain, Chas. Blomgren ; committee, Gus Benson, Chas Swanson,
L. H. Green.

Alta War Service Association — Chairman, Samuel Parker; exec-
utive Committee, C. H. Wegersley, L. E. Jockheck, H. J. Poulson,
J. W. Wilkerson, J. H. Allen; soliciting committee, C. A. Vanbus-
kirk, H. J. Hofifeins, Wm. Farrow, Frank Watson, R. H. Wilkinson,
R. C. Brogmus, F. N. Sipe, Frank Parker, N. E. Dahl, C. F. Sang-
ston, C. J. Hetrick, L. A. Rader, C. E. Cameron, George Hultgren,
Rev. C. H. Leonard, Lars Larson, O. J. Ellis, E. J. Edwards, D. E.
Hatten Rev. N. J. Lundahl, C. F. Peterson, P. Morrissey, C. Lind-
lief, Frank Friedlund, C. D. Peterson, Thos. Scambler, Rev. J. B.
Walker, J. P. Hultgren, G. F. Tincknell, A. R. Browne.

722 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

East Grant War Service Association — Chairman, Wm. H. Sie-
vers ; executive committee, Rev. F. Albrecht, Gust Lehman ; committee,
Herman Mehlhop, John Sievers, N. C. Nelson, Otto Krog.

Hayes Township War Service Association — Chairman, Ira Can-
non; executive committee, Robert Gring, Will Mauser, Alfred Mein-
hard, Tom Renshaw; committee, W. E. Gaffey, Harry E. Thayer,
S. R. Haines, Paul Troeger, Will Oatman, Robert Fulton, Ralph
Diehl, Frank Johnson, Ed Zinn, Wm. Pike, Rudolph Meinhard, Job
Francis, Frank Eckhardt.

Storm Lake War Service Association — Chairman, T. D. Filers;
executive committee, H. G. Mittelstadt, J. A. Schmitz, H. J. Hahne,
George M. Pedersen.

First Ward Committee — H. G. Mittelstadt, chairman; George
Daniels, E. M. Tracy, J. H. Southers, Wm. R. Beals, George C.
Mack, Frank Kaufman, Carl Jackson, Oscar Bitter, W. N. TuUar,
Arthur Highes.

Second Ward Committee — J. A. Schmitz, chairman; J. Park Bair,
T. K. Alexander, J. B. McKibben, C. F. Wellmerling, J. E. Spooner,
Bert Marchant, L. S. Todd, B. S. Hollenbeck, E. H. Melcher, F. V.
Dumbaugh, W. S. Stefifen, W. F. Miller.

Third Ward Committee — H. J. Hahne, chairman ; George F.
Wagner, M. F. Fisher, Fred P. Foster, Frank Mittelstadt, J. W.
Gibson, Frank E. Balzer, A. E. Brunson, G. M. Triplett, Ray Point,
D. A. Rice, J. C. Bell, N. P. Swanson.

Fourth Ward Committee — George M. Pedersen, chairman, A. T.
Troeger, vice chairman; Roy W. Murray, Walter Leckington, Ben
Kramer, W. G. Young, John O'Boyle, W. E. Christopher, Mike
Hayes, John Doyle, Chas. F. Meyers, Dick Meinking, Robert Bleak-
ley, P. J. Toohey, Lawerence Foell.

Bureau of Military Affairs — T. H. Chapman, chairman; E. W.
Oates, P. J. Toohey, G. M. Pedersen, F. P. Foster, A. L. Whitney,
W. C. Edson, H. J. Hahne, J. A. Schmitz, T. D. Filers.

PROPORTION SHARE OP PLEDGES

Immediately after the executive committee was organized it pro-
ceeded to get the pledge cards signed as provided for in the articles
of the association. All but four of the people of Buena Vista County
who were asked to join the association signed the cards. These four

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 723

declined on account of holding conscientious objections to war. On in-
vestigation it was found that religious grounds were the only reason
they had for refusing to subscribe to membership. They agreed to
donate, and did so liberally, to such funds as their conscientious
scruples would permit.

After the registration of members of the War Service Association
was completed a meeting of the executive committees of the county
was held at the county seat to arrange for the division of the quotas
of the different funds as given to the county by the state committee
in charge. A committee consisting of G. F. Tincknell, Alta; J. N.
Horlacher, Washington Township; E. B. Wells, Marathon; George
W. Chaney, Newell; and J. A. Schmitz of Storm Lake, was appoint-
ed to make up a list apportioning the proper percentages of the county
quota to each town or township unit, on the basis of population and
assessed valuation, taking into consideration the fact that in some
townships there was a larger percentage than the average of resi-
dents who were renting farms.

This committee reported back with the following percentage list,
which was approved by the meeting — these proportions to apply on
all quotas or until such time as the executive committee might see fit
to ask for a re-rating.

Brooke, 3.3145 per cent; Linn Grove-Barnes, 4.576 per cent; Sioux
Rapids, 4.52 per cent; Lee, 3.544 per cent; Poland-Marathon, 6.446
per cent; Elk, 4.474 per cent; Scott, 3.874 per cent; Rembrandt, 2.653
per cent; Lincoln, 2.5135 per cent; Fairfield-Albert City, 6.35 per cent;
Nokomis, 4.45 per cent; Alta, 4.432 per cent; Washington, 3.263 per
cent; Grant, 4.252 per cent; Coon, 4.014 per cent; Maple Valley,
4.693 per cent; Hayes, 3.048 per cent; Providence, 4.143 per cent;
Newell Town, 4.45 per cent; Newell Township, 4.346 per cent; Storm
Lake, 16.644 per cent.

The executive committee then made ratings to apportion among
the members the quota allotted to each precinct, basing each member's
share on ability to give, taking into consideration both income and net
worth. The committee called on the members for the subscription al-
lotted members for the fourth loan, but for all succeeding campaigns
the members were notified to appear at their polling places to make
subscriptions. The latter way was much more satisfactory, taking
less time and work. The executive committee gave due notice of a

724 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

meeting previous to each campaign for the purpose of hearing any
complaints from individuals who thought they were not correctly
rated. During the campaign the committees were instructed not to
accept less than the quota assigned. If a person thought the ex-
ecutive committee had been unfair he could appeal to the County War
Service Bureau who checked up his rating in comparison with per-
sons in like circumstances. If a rating was found too high it was
reduced; if correct, the first amount was insisted upon, and in all
cases was received. If a man ignored the solicitation of the com-
mittees or did not answer the call, the executive committee turned in
his name to the county bureau. The county bureau then notified him
to appear at the county seat at a specified time to explain his conduct.

If no response was made to this notice the state marshal was sent
to bring him before the board. The bureau handled an average of
about twenty cases for each campaign, a very small number consider-
ing that there were between 4,000 and 5,000 members of the associa-
tion. All cases handled by the bureau were settled amicably.

The War Service Association handled the third, fourth, and fifth
loans. The details of each will be found under the chapter on liberty
loans. They handled part of the War Savings Stamps, details of
which will be found under the chapter of War Savings Stamps. They
handled the second Red Cross drive, the amounts of which are includ-
ed in the figures given in the chapter on Red Cross. Details showing
the work on the united work drive are covered in another place.

A few of the members of this association refused to donate to this
last mentioned fund; while others refused to do their share on the
fifth loan. These were for the most part people who had persisted
in objections before, but the executive committee reports show con-
siderable of a surprise in the north part of the county, where one of
the prominent citizens refused to take his full quota which was easily
not too high.

Council of National Defeinse

Soon after the declaration of war. Congress authorized the devel-
opment of an advisory body which was known as the Council of Na-
tional Defense. Shortly thereafter the council was organized, its ad-
visory commission appointed, a director chosen, and its activities
planned. It appropriately directed its first attention to the Indus-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 725

trial situation of the country and, by the creation of committees rep-
resentative of the principal industries, brought together a great store
of information both as to our capacity for manufacture and as to the
readaptions possible in an emergency for rapid production of supplies
of military value. Under the law of its creation, the Council of Na-
tional Defense is not an executive body, its principal function being
to supervise and direct investigations and make recommendations to
the President and the heads of the executive departments with regard
to a large variety of subjects. There was no intention on the part of
Congress to subdivide the executive function, but rather to strength-
en it by equipping it with carefully matured recommendations based
upon adequate surveys of conditions. It was admirably adapted to
the task because among the members of the council were those whose
normal activities brought them into constant contact with all the
varied peace time activities of the people and who were, therefore, the
best qualified to judge the most useful opportunities in the new state
of things for men and interests of which they respectively knew the
normal relations.

The Buena Vista County Council of Defense consisted of A. L.
Whitney, Storm Lake, chairman; E. B. Wells, Marathon, vice chair-
man; V. E. Herbert, Storm Lake, secretary; Emil Chindlund, Brooke
Township; A. H. Barnett, Barnes Township; W. J. Sutton, Lee
Township; Jens Miller, Elk Township; George R. Fanning, Scott
Township ; Edgar Eastman, Lincoln Township ; C. E. Gulbranson,
Fairfield Township ; D. H. Carpenter, Nokomis Township ; Dan Ken-
nedy, Washington Township; F. F. Higgins, Grant Township; James
Anderson, Coon Township; John HoUingsworth, Maple Valley Town-
ship; W. E. Gaffey, Hayes Township; E. P. Wright, Providence
Township; L. F. Parker, Newell Township; W. F. Anderson, Linn
Grove, member at large.

The county council gave assistance to all patriotic activities. They
"kept their ear to the ground"' for any indication of pro-Germanism
or disloyalty. They acted in an advisory way with all other civilian
war organizations. They were the first group organized and they
assisted materially with the organization of the other groups.

726 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Women's Council of Defense

The purpose of the women's committee of the Council of National
Defense was to so coordinate the activities and the resources of the
organized and unorganized women of the country that their power
might be immediately utilized in time of need, and to supply a new
and direct channel of communication and cooperation between wo-
men and governmental departments. The state divisions in turn or-
ganized local units of all women's associations and societies without
regard to creed, purpose, or color. Departments of the work consist-
ed of registration for service, food production, food conservation,
women in industry, child welfare, maintaining existing social service
agencies, safeguarding moral and spiritual forces, educational prop-
aganda, liberty loans, and Red Cross and allied relief.

The national head of this organization was Dr. Anna Howard
Shaw. Prominent leaders in women's work from all over the union
assumed leadership in this effort, and all its members served without
compensation. Headquarters were provided by the government in
Washington, D. C.

The Iowa Division was organized June 12, 1917. Mrs. Francis
E. Whilley of Webster City was elected state chairman.

Mrs. Dora M. Millard of Storm Lake was appointed chairman for
Buena Vista County and proceeded to promote the organization of the
county division which was effected August 18, 191 7, when the follow-
ing officers were elected: First vice chairman, Miss Stella Russell;
second vice chairman, Miss Grace Mack; third vice chairman, Mrs.
Charles Richardson ; secretary, Mrs. Jesse McGill ; treasurer, Mrs.
Ethelyn Edson. In the week of the special drive on War Savings
Stamps, from April 29 to May 3, 1918, this organization sold
$25,250 in stamps, bringing the total for the town to date to $42,000.
In August, 1918, they established the central station for the physical
examination of children.

A unit organized at Alta October i, 1917, had as its officers: Chair-
man, Mrs. Jessie Herron; first vice chairman, Mrs. William Miller;
second vice chairman, Mrs. George Watson; secretary, Mrs. Elmer
Benson; treasurer, Mrs. J. W. Morrison.

The activities at Newell were organized October 24th of the same
year, when the following ladies were elected to leadership: Chair-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 727

man, Mrs. Florence M. Armstrong; first vice chairman, Mrs. Lillian
Norton; second vice chairman, Mrs. John Layman; secretary, Mrs.
George Fredinburg; treasurer, Mrs. Frank Point.

Marathon was organized September 6, with Mrs. A. A. Wells as
chairman; Miss Esther Johnson, first vice chairman; Miss Mae Camp-
bell, second vice chairman; Mrs. Jay W. Couch, secretary.

On the 26th of September organization was efifected at Sioux
Rapids by the election of the following Hst of officers: Chairman,
Mrs. O. H. Jones; vice chairmen, Mrs. J. RufT and Mrs. Rev. Barry-
man; secretary, Miss Maud Lamb; treasurer, Miss Cullen.

The Linn Grove ladies met in October to prepare to cooperate
with the other women of the county in this work. The members
organized by electing Mrs. John T. Evans, chairman; Mrs. C. A.
Fulton, first vice chairman; Mrs. A. F. Johnson, second vice chair-
man; Mrs. Wm. Rutter, secretary; Mrs. H. E. Erickson, treasurer.

Activities were not wholly covered by these local organizations,
so district committeemen were appointed, as follows: Lincoln-Lee,
Miss Bea Gavin; Fairview, Miss Lillian Madsen; Albert City, Mrs.
B. S. Bryson; Rembrandt, Mrs. Alta Church Bonicson for 1917, and
Miss Esther Thomas for 1918; Highview, Miss Mabel Anderson for
1917, Mrs. William Haxby for 1918; Truesdale, Mrs. Ed Vogel for

1917, Mrs. M. T. Fletcher for 1918.

Reviewing the activities of this women's auxiliary to the National
Council of Defense it is recounted that they canvassed for signatures
to the food pledge cards in 191 7, resulting in securing the coopera-
tion of 3,000 women in the food conservation movement ; in February,

1918, they had charge of the Colby-Beecher meeting; sent out kitchen
cards and conservation recipes to every family in the county; obtained
memberships to the organization which secured the home demon-
stration agent. By the united efifort of this agent and the council
a food exhibit was prepared for the county fair at Alta in August,
1918. The council cooperated with the food administration to send
Hoover's message on conservation to every home; worked with the
Red Cross to secure recruits for the Student Nurse Reserve, and
worked to further the response to each liberty loan.

728 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

women's council of defense roster'

Hayes Township — Mrs. John E. Higgins.

Maple Valley Township — Mrs. W. H. Schmidt, Mrs. Chas. Holtz,
Mrs. J. A. Hollingsworth, Mrs. J. E. L. Schmidt, Paula Schmidt.

Town of Newell — Mrs. M. A. Armstrong, Mrs. Geo. Brisby.

Providence Township — Mrs. Duane Shaw.

Scott Township — Mrs. R, C. Kramer, Mrs. Oscar F. Bodine, Lil-
lian Madsen.

Saving Food Systematically

When the United States went into the war, one of the big tasks that
was laid upon this country was the providing of a sufficient quantity
of foodstuffs to meet the needs of that part of Europe which was too
preoccupied with war activities to produce anywhere near their nor-
mal crops. Furthermore, when the young men should begin leaving
this country it would take a certain proportion from agricultural pur-
suits, thus restricting in a measure the production of this country.

Profiteers could not be permitted to hoard foods to influence a rise
in the market ; those who were best able to provide for their own
needs could not be permitted to corner the supply to the exclusion of
those who must depend upon small and frequent purchases of the
necessities. Above all, the resources of this country must not be
used to satisfy excessive desires in this country, while our soldiers
overseas, the military men of our Allies and the civilians of the coun-
tries cooperating with us might be suffering.

In an editorial comment in April, 191 7, the Storm Lake Pilot-Tri-
bune said in referring to the food situation: "The cry is not so
much for soldiers and sailors, at least for the present, but it is for
producers."

A food conservation program was initiated early in 191 7. Herbert
Hoover was appointed national food administrator ; the work in Iowa
was under the immediate direction of J. F. Deems of Burlington, and
the Buena Vista County supervision was put in the hands of W. F.
Anderson and T. D. Filers.

Representatives from all over the state met at Des Moines April 4,

1 We have tried to give as many names of people who have assisted with the Women's
Council of Defense work as possible. We presented questionnaires to all families in the
county asking the names of the members of the family who had assisted in the various activi-
ties. The names given here were secured from the questionnaires which were returned to us.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 729

191 7. A general committee was formed for the purpose of creating
a greater food production for the state of Iowa. All members were
actual practical farmers, and met monthly at either Ames or Des
Moines. They formulated the food production ideas that were car-
ried out by the State Food Administration. S. R. Haines of Buena
Vista County presented resolutions pledging the Eleventh Congres-
sional District and the people of the state to a cooperative effort in food
production and the most extensive plan of conservation. Mr. Haines
was named chairman of the Eleventh District organization. The
state committee was organized May 16, 191 7.

The campaigns of education which was necessary to secure uni-
form support of the conservation program was begun the ist day of
July, 191 7, when all the pastors preached on the subject. In Decem-
ber, 191 7, specifications were sent out for a standard loaf of bread,
making it sixteen ounces, and at that time the seUing price was es-
tablished at eight cents, though it soon raised to a higher value. A
rule to restrain profiteering in flour said that the dealer should not
ask a profit greater than $1.25 per barrel. Soon the rules concerning
the use and sale of both svxgar and flour became more restricted, and a
federal law was passed giving authority to make the rules eft'ective.

Sugar was sold in five-pound quantities at an established price of
ten cents a pound. Sugar bowls were taken off the tables in public
eating houses, after which such proportion of sweetening as was per-
mitted to each customer was served by the waiter. These limitations
had their eft'ect in reducing the production of soft drinks as long as
the war lasted. As the canning season approached a revision of the
limitations was necessary. Arrangements were made to permit the
issuance of sugar certificates through authority of the county food
commissioner. The amount of sugar that could be purchased at one
time was ten pounds, and the customer was expected to make all of
his purchases at one .store where a record of them was kept with a
view to limiting his monthly purchase to two pounds per person in
the family. ^

In the fall of 1918 sorghum mills were put up in different parts of
the county, which were operated under license of the food administra-
tion, which gave them governmental protection. An earlier agita-
tion in favor of the raising of cane had provided a good crop, and
this resulted in providing a substitute sweetening.

730 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Wben food regulation was established it was ordered that any per-
sons having more than two sacks of flour or ten pounds of sugar
should return the surplus to the store from which they made the
purchase.

Regulations laid down as affecting flour required that an equal
quantity of substitute should be purchased with flour. Corn meal,
oat meal, rye, and graham were counted in this consideration. The
quantity of flour permitted to be purchased was six pounds per month
for every member of the family. Milling processes were regulated,
so that the fancy patent flour was under the ban, and instead of using
fifty per cent of the berry, seventy-four per cent was used. This
made some change in the color of the finished product, as it was
darker than the American people had been in the habit of using.
This method of milling reduced the supply of bran, shorts, and the by-
products, which in turn inflicted certain hardships upon the mill feed
trade.

The need of a large meat supply overseas caused the promulga-
tion of limitations on the use of beef in the summer of 1918. These
provided that boiled beef should be served not more than twice week-
ly, beef steak at only one meal per week, with a total allotment of
one and a half pounds of beef per week for each person in the family.
The use of pork was recommended, as it was more available for
home consumption and less adapted for overseas shipment.

Even after food regulation began the fourth meal was taboo. If
fraternities or societies desired to indulge a social occasion at which
refreshments were to be served it was recommended that they be held
at an hour which would permit the serving to substitute for a regu-
lar meal.

The very great needs of Europe in regard to food were impressed
upon the people of the county when they gathered for a meeting at
Storm Lake February 21, 1918, at which addresses were made by ex-
Senator Everett Colby of New Jersey, and Miss Beecher, a Southern
lady, both of whom had shortly before visited Europe. Both address-
es were enlightening and inspired the home folks to greater sacrifices
for the cause.

Methods of food conservation in lines outside of those which were
under strict regulation were made known by Miss Bertha Knight who
came into the county as home demonstration agent in June, 1918, to

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 731

be engaged with a society organized in connection with the county
farm bureau. She also demonstrated methods of canning which en-
abled housewives to conserve a large supply of vegetables and fruits.

County food administrators of the Eleventh Congressional District
met in Storm Lake the 23d of May, 1918, when W. W. White of
Spirit Lake acted as chairman of the meeting. Another group of
food conservators who met at the county seat was the hotel men of
the county who assembled July 5, 1918, to discuss methods of effect-
ing savings in their particular Hue of business.

Toward the latter part of June, in 1918, a more general scope of
price fixing was entered upon. The first price fixing committee con-
sisted of T. D. Eilers, Dr. V. E. Herbert, H. E. Swope, George Sterg,
J. N. Horlacher, and H. C. Foster. This committee was later revised
to include the following as its personnel : A. E. Troeger, chairman,
Joe J. Duffy, J. C. Bell, J. N. Horlacher, Geo. Steig, H. E. Swope,
Harry C. Foster, V. E. Herbert, and S. A. Treman. Other county
officers who had part in handling the food regulations were: P.
W. Walred, assistant for Storm Lake; Fred C. Bitter, assistant for
Sulphur Springs; H. H. Lang, assistant for Truesdale; Chas. Van
Buskirk, assistant for Alta; F. G. Redfield, assistant for Newell; J.
T. Boyd, assistant for Albert City; Dr. J. A. Delahunt, assistant for
Marathon; D. W. Thomas, assistant for Rembrandt; C. L. Sipe, as-
sistant for Sioux Rapids; George Tolzin, assistant for Hanover; H.
E. Swope, merchants' representative; L. M. Slagee, merchants' rep-
resentative; Oscar Bitter, hotels and restaurant representative; J. C.
Bell, bakers' representative; Rev. W. T. McDonald, ministerial rep-
resentative; C. C. Colwell, fraternal representative; Mae Hamilton,
publicity; Pat Clancy, enforcement; Fred Higgins, threshermen's
representative; W. Herron, county agent; Sam Haines, president
Buena Vista County Farm Bureau.

Prices were adjusted weekly to permit only a reasonable profit to
dealers, based upon prevailing wholesale prices, and the publication
of these prices in the current press kept householders informed as to
fair prices that they ought to expect to pay.

In order to establish regularity between the many crews and con-
formity with administration rules threshers of the county met June
22, 1918, to formulate rules which should govern the amount and
kinds of food to be served, and other rules that would control the

73^ HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

policies of the crews. Prices for threshing were estabHshed at three
and one-half cents for oats, four cents for barley and six cents for
wheat, with the understanding that the farmer should furnish the
fuel consumed for power. It was further agreed that all crews should
work until 8 p. m. At the meeting of June 22d, H. S. Orrick of the
United States Food Administration was present. Fred Higgins of
Grant Township was the chairman of this meeting.

Under presidential order of May 14, 1918, all dealers in eggs were
required to have a license.

In order to curtail the use of flour in the making of ice cream cones
the sale of this confection was restricted by prohibiting sales on Mon-
days and Wednesdays, and on any other day after 5 p. m.

In the fall of 1918 the planting of winter wheat was urged upon
all farmers, and with the assurance of an established price of $2.26
per bushel, guaranteed by the Government, encouraged more ven-
tures in winter wheat in Iowa and in Buena Vista County than had
ever before been attempted. Seed was secured for the farmers by
the county agent, and the sale of it from car load lots was a new ex-
perience in Buena Vista County agriculture.

Five persons appeared before the food commissioner to answer to
infractions of sugar regvilations in August, 1918.

A. T. McElroy, writing at a time when the work of the sugar di-
vision was about to be closed, said:

Several days ago I wrote in a general way, expressing my appre-
ciation for the cooperation you have given us in this sugar work.
Buena Vista is one of the counties who stuck with us through thick
and thin.

Later he wrote, "During the entire period Iowa has confined her-
self to just the amount of sugar allotted her by Washington. We
are one of the few states than can look back with pride on our sugar
conservation record, and to the men who were actuated by the desire to
serve their country, must be given the credit."

Gratification over the splendid results of the food conservation
campaign was expressed in the following language of a letter which
J. F. Deems directed to the county committee:

It is gratifying that through self-sacrificing devotion to this war
service, and with the help of the members of the Women's Committee,
Iowa gained a position of leadership in the Food Administration work
of the nation. The credit is yours. As time goes forward we must

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 733

feel a constantly increasing gratification that the opportunity was
afforded to render such signal service for our nation and our de-
fenders.

As I review the tasks undertaken and the achievements of the Ad-
ministration, the thrill of having done a real service for our nation,
the gratification resident in helping our boys win the war, the satisfac-
tion involved in the discharge of a solemn duty, so far outweigh the
trials and tribulations, the vexations and disappointment, that only
pleasant and heart warming memories will live after our organization
has passed away.

War Activities of the Farm Bureau

From the date of the declaration of war w^ith Germany, the Gov-
ernment ordered the county agents' program to be adjusted to war
conditions.

The problems of increased production of farm products was em-
phasized as a major problem in winning the war. The Allies were
running short of certain staple foods, and the German submarine was
making the situation more serious every day.

With the mobilization of a great army from this country the num-
ber of non-producers and consumers would be greatly increased, and
there was a grim necessity that the food supplies of the country be
greatly increased in order to provision our own and the allied armies,
as well as to give some relief to the civilian population of the war-
stricken countries of Europe.

The farm products which were most urgently needed, and which
could be most easily transported abroad were, wheat and meat.
Among meat products, pork and animal fats were most in demand.

The declaration of war on April 7, 1917, was too late to greatly
change the plans of production for the season. So a conservation
program was adopted. To save all kinds of food stuffs was the ur-
gent need. To use substitute foods in place of those which could
best be sent abroad. To abstain from the use of certain foods so
that the supplies for our soldiers and the allies might be increased.
To this end the Farm Bureau employed every means to bring the
attention of the people of the county to the necessity of producing
more of their own food stuffs and the necessity of cutting down on
the consumption of certain staples.

The county agent asked for a special meeting of the officers and

734 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

directors of the Farm Bureau for the purpose of taking up the special
problems of increased production and conservation and the abandon-
ment of some of the work projected previous to the outbreak of the
war. S. R. Haines, president of the Farm Bureau, called a meeting
at which the plans of production and conservation, as outlined by
the Department of Agriculture were discussed. It was voted that
the Farm Bureau organization, tlirough its agent, W. Herron, and
the special committees appointed, devote the entire energies of the or-
ganization to the problems related to winning the war.

The Government was urging an increased acreage of corn, potatoes,
and garden stuffs. The corn acreage had been practically determined
at this date, but some increase was secured by using some of the land
intended for small grain, and by breaking up some extra meadow
land. Increased potato production was urged in the vicinity of Alta.
A garden campaign helped to increase potato production throughout
the county, especially in the towns. Vacant lots were utiHzed and
practically every square yard of ground was put under cultivation. In
Storm Lake a considerable part of the parking between the sidewalk
and the street was utihzed. This "front door" gardening occurred
to some extent in every town in the county. The increase in pro-
duction of potatoes in this county in 191 7 was estimated at over thirty
thousand bushels. The corn acreage was increased at least ten per
cent.

With the prospect of a draft of many young men from the farms,
the farm labor situation was attracting attention. To meet the
situation to the best advantage a free labor bureau was organized
with headquarters at the county agent's office. During corn culti-
vating, haying, harvest, and corn husking, a large number of men
were secured for the farmers, but not enough could be secured to take
care of all demands. The Farm Bureau did much in securing fur-
loughs for farm boys at the various military camps.

The season of 191 7 was cold and backward and early frosts de-
stroyed the germinating quality of corn. A seed corn famine loomed
up in the midst of other activities. The Farm Bureau at once set
to work to test samples of corn and the seriousness of the situation
was made public. During the fall, winter, and spring the Farm
Bureau put in much time locating seed that would be fit to use. By
planting time enough seed had been secured to save the day, but not

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 735

without shipping in a considerable quantity which had been located
in South Dakota, Nebraska, and in other counties of this state.

During the spring of 1918, the Farm Bureau arranged for the ship-
ment into the county of four car-loads of seed wheat for the purpose
of increasing the acreage of spring wheat as a war measure.

A campaign demonstrating home canning by the cold pack method
was held during the first two weeks in June. Twenty-four meetings
were held with a total attendance of 1105. This campaign brought
splendid results. A conservative estimate of thirty additional quarts
per family attending these demonstrations would be an increase of
over 33,000 quarts for these families. Judging from reports received,
the actual increase was much more than this amount.

Assistance was given the liberty loan campaign by mailing out lit-
erature to the farmers on the liberty loan. The mayor of Storm Lake
was asked to address a meeting of 250 farmers called by the Farm
Bureau. Help was given in the sale of W.S.S., and the raising of
funds for the Red Cross, and the Y.M.C.A. war work. Assistance
was given to the Food Administration in making food and live-stock
surveys, and in a campaign to save grain at threshing time by urging
more care in the handling of grain and the better operation of thresh-
ing machines.

After July i, 1918, Miss Bertha Knight was appointed as home
demonstrator for the Farm Bureau. Miss Knight gave her time to
war work among the women. Demonstrations were also given in
saving wheat, meat, fats, and sugar. Demonstrations were also giv-
en in canning and drying of fruits and vegetables, and on the saving
of fuels and clothing. Miss Knight gave vlauable assistance during
the influenza epidemic as a dietitian, and in community nursing. Girls'
canning clubs were organized for the purpose of saving fruits and
vegetables. The four girls' canning clubs canned 210 quarts of
fruits and vegetables. Nine garden clubs were organized with 397
juniors enrolled. Twenty women's units were organized in the coun-
ty for food and clothing conservation, with a total membership of
477. Bulletins on conservation to the number of 12,575 were distrib-
uted.

A survey was made for the food administrator to determine the
amount of food saved by canning and drying. This survey showed
that there were 426,942 quarts of fruits and vegetables, and about 900

736 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

pounds of dried fruits and vegetables put up in 191 8. One woman
at Storm Lake canned 388 quarts of vegetables, 574 quarts of fruit,
T35 quarts of pickles, 20 quarts of jelly, 68 quarts of jam, and put
down one barrel of kraut.

Assistance was given in the thrift campaign by encouraging sav-
ing, and the keeping of household accounts. Test leaflets on account-
ing were tried by 197 women, and 75 more took yearly household ac-
count books.

Many minor activities associated with the necessity of the war, were
undertaken by the county agent and the home demonstrator.

Grateful acknowledgment is tendered to the 144 district coopera-
tors who gave of their time to help the Farm Bureau in its war program.

Full days and long hours, "without stint to the limit," was the war
program of the County Farm Bureau workers.

Officers of the Buena Vista County Farm Bureau were : President,
S. R. Haines, Storm Lake; vice president, A. B. Heath, Newell;
treasurer, Joel E. Johnson, Marathon; secretary, L. C. Anderson,
Alta. The name of each township with its respective director is giv-
en in the appended list, followed in each case by the district coopera-
tors :

Brooke — Fred Flagman, director; Levi M. Morris, John Swanson
Lewis Schultz, Herman Miller, Frank Lindlief, O. A. Lindblade,
Franz Hanson, George Johnson, Fred Flagman.

Barnes — George B. Anderson, director; Wm. Leighton, Ben Shirk,
A. E. Isacson, George B. Anderson, C. J. Christenson, James Lewis-
ton, Tennis Bertness, Hans Olson, Harvey McDanel.

Lee — S. A. Bennett, director; Garfield Goodwin, Will Sutton, Ed
Duroe, Sam Bennett, Fred Fairchild, Earl Fuller, Gustav Grey,
Charlie Pewsey, Lou Hadenfeldt.

Poland — Zidon Tremain, director; S. H. Jeffers, Ben Roberts,
C. L. McLaughlin, George Pullman, Charles Thomas, Chas. G. John-
son, Joel E. Johnson, C. B. Hazard.

Elk — Jay Buckingham, director; N. P. Benson, Gust Peterson,
George N. Booth, Jay Petlon, Ross Johnson, Jacob Johnson, Eck
Warme, Wm. Reckoff.

Scott — Halver Hegna, director; Guy McKibben, Martin Olson,
R. C. Kramer, Sam Enderson, John Larson, Tom Kevan, P. H. Betts,
Roy Fanning.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY -jz-]

Lincoln — H. A. Wellmerling, director; Gus Benson, George Kirby,
Edgar Eastman, Henry Hadenfeldt, August Siekmann, Albert An-
derson, Carl Blomgren, M. O. Reuland, A. E. Sweet.

Fairfield — -Carl Erickson, director; Conrad Carlson, Edward A.
Johnson, Oscar F. Anderson, Ephraim Carlson, Alfred Danielson,
Carl A. Erickson, W. T. Johnson, Everett Warren, Frank G. Johnson.

Nokomis — C. E. Cameron, director; A. A. Pederson, George H.
Larson, Frank Scott, Charles McCurdy, Peter Matson, Leslie Hatch,
F. C. Butler, J. A. Blom.

Washington — J. N. Horlacher, director; J. C. Andrews, Joe
Hintz, Dan Kennedy, Ralph Witter, R. Ben Eno, Fred H. Steig Jr.
Frank Barr.

Grant — J. W. Hussey, director; Joe Goetchius, John Lullman, Ed
Spooner, Fred Higgins, A. M. Morse, Herman Mehlhop, H. C. Krog,
Paul Soeth.

Coon — H. D. Thieman, director; Erick Soderquist, Will Griffel,
James Anderson, W. O. Sievers, Andrew Nitzke, C. F. Porath, Ross
Wilson, Oscar Grau.

Maple Valley — Oscar Peterson, director; Bert Schulke, John Hol-
lingsworth, D. C. Plog, William Fredericks, Carl Harris, William
Younie, Alfred Cattong, Henry Hustedt.

Hayes — Job Francis, director; H. E. Thayer, S. R. Haines, Ira
Cannon, Fred Crowley, J. Chindlund, Rudolph Meinhard.

Providence — John Connell, director; Clarence Bodholdt, E. B.
Ackerman, Wm. Gee, Milton, Crowley, Christ Hansen, E. P. Wright,
Ara B. Heath, John McKenna, D. D. Shaw.

Newell — Wm. Huxtable, director; William Sauter, Ivan Adams,
Harry Shock, Will Porath, John Wart, J. P. Johnson, Harry Robbins,
George M. Alice.

Storm Lake Independent — John T. Edson, H. V. Geisinger.

Alta Independent — C. E. Cameron.

Assuring the Fuel Supply

In the autumn of 1917, after a campaign of education as to need
of coal conservation, when every citizen who was able to do so had
been admonished to store a winter's supply of coal in advance of the
actual use of it, the need of fuel regulations were apparent. Early
storage of the fuel supply was reconimended in order to permit the

738 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

railroads to handle the traffic at a time when roads were not subject
to a tie-up from weather conditions, to relieve the burden of traffic
in the heavy winter season, and in all respects to handle the fuel sup-
ply with the least burden to common carriers. Conservation of do-
mestic consumption was advised to meet the heavy demands on ac-
count of transportation of troops and supplies by steam railroads and
steamships.

This particular end was furthered by other means as well. In De-
cember, 1917, an order was promulgated establishing two lightless
nights a week, Thursday and Sunday, when the lights on signs and
display windows should not be burned, thus saving the consumption
of electricity which is generated through the use of coal. Only one
light of the cluster used for street illumination was permitted to be
used. In the middle of January, 191 8, Prof. H. W. Wagner, of the
engineering faculty of Iowa State College, visited the county to in-
spect furnaces with a view to seeing whether or not they were being
fired efficiently. He gave instructions to householders which helped
them to use fuel more economically. The first of February open
hours for stores were shortened to save fuel. Mercantile stores were
open from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p. m. ; drug stores from 8:30 a.m. to
10:30 p.m.; billiard halls from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. During the season
of heavy consumption, when transportation was slow, deliveries were
limited to one load to a customer. As an instance of the stress of
the situation it can be recalled that the week of January 14, 1918, not
one of the seven dealers in Storm Lake had a pound of coal in their
bins. During the winters of 1917-1918 and 1918-1919 very little an-
thracite coal was permitted to come to the central west because of the
long haul involved.

The county committee which had charge of the enforcement of fuel
regulations consisted of J. A. Schmitz of Storm Lake, Harry H. Covev
of Rembrandt, and R. C. Brogmus of Alta.

S. R. Haines was appointed chairman of a committee to promote
the use of wood for fuel. While the county had no considerable field
of wood supply, there was waste wood from many groves, the use of
which would reduce the demand for coal. The week of March 18 to
23, 1918, was designated as "Cut wood for fuel week."

Chairmen of the wood fuel movement in the several precincts of
the county were: Storm Lake, S. R. Haines; Lincoln Township,

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 739

Henry Hadenfeldt ; Fairfield Township, August Anderson; Grant
Township, Fred Hig-gins; Scott Township, Halver Hegna; Barnes
Township, George B. Anderson; Lee Township, S. A. Bennett; Elk
Township, E. M. Matzdorf ; Hayes Township, Job Francis; Washing-
ton Township, J. N. Horlacher ; Providence Township, John Connell ;
Maple Valley Township, L. C. Plog; Newell Township, Wm. Hux-
table ; Coon Township, H. D. Thieman ; Poland Township, Zidon Ere-
man; Brooke Township, Fred Plagman.

Report of the Y. M. C. A.

BY NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS

Among the welfare organizations which conducted work in the
camps at home and with the troops overseas, and which received
generous support from the people of this country, was the Y.M.C.A.
In view of the large sums which were contributed by the people at
large it will be interesting to know something of what was accom-
plished by the organization, though only a cursory resume of it can
be attempted here.

When the assembling of an army began it became apparent that
welfare work was needed along many lines, and it was only natural
that organizations already operative should enlarge their functions
to meet the demands. Lewis A. Crossett, a citizen who made a trip
overseas, has the following to say of the work of these activities :

From the start the moral welfare of the American soldier was the
great problem that faced General Pershing, and he summoned every
one and every influence that could be helped to make a clean army.
There were seven organizations which the government selected to aid
General Pershing in his task. They all cooperated with the medical
staft" of the army. The result is that General Pershig has held and
is sending home a clean army, and that object has been accomplished
in a way never before known in the history of the world. The Y.M.
C.A. is a religious organization; so is the Salvation Army, and so is
the Knights of Columbus. These organizations, along with the chap-
lains, have represented the Church to the soldier, and just as much as
the Church is needed at home, so is it needed overseas; and if religion
is worth anything to anybody, it is a help and comfort to the men who
are away from home and facing death and sufifering pain in the
hospitals.

The first efforts of the Y.M.C.A. were directed in the camps at

740 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

home. Wholesome diversion was supplied for hours of recreation
in the way of entertainments, athletics, and social centers. Buildings
were erected in the camps to provide quarters for these activities. In
due time they were extended to overseas service. Work was taken
up in the Italian army at the request of the King himself after he
understood the aim of the physical, mental, and spiritual building up
of the men. Work was carried on in Russia, in Czecho-Slovakia;
American secretaries were permitted with the Australian, the New
Zealand, and the British secretaries to go with Allenby all through
the wonderful Palestine campaign. A special order from French
army headquarters was necessary to secure authority to establish the
"Foyer du Soldat" with the French armies, and later Premier Clem-
enceau said they had been one of the principal factors in maintaining
the morale of the Franch army. It was the only agency serving
prisoners of war on both sides from the beginning of the struggle.
John R. Mott, head of the National Y.M.C. A., says :

I know I am well within bounds when I say that this agency was the
means directly of saving the lives of tens of thousands of prisoners;
and the sanity of thousands of more ; and its spiritual ministry was
literally life from the dead for multitudes.

The expense of maintaining these activities was immense on the
whole and in particular cases unusual to a remarkable degree because
of the unusual conditions which marked all traffic and supplies pur-
chasing at the time. The "Y" paid between $60 and $70 a ton for
coal in order that in hundreds of village and other places where our
men were billeted there might be one place where the men could dry
themselves and get some warmth. The gigantic athletic and enter-
tainment program involved the necessary expenditure for taking to
Europe hundreds of athletic directors above the draft age and the ex-
penditure of between $1,000,000 and $2,000,000 on athletic supplies.
One hvmdred entertainment troupes were maintained overseas for
the diversion of the soldiers. Moving picture entertainments were
provided at the "Y" huts, musical instruments were available for
amusement; 10,000,000 sheets of writing paper and the equivalent en-
velopes were distributed each week. Money was exchanged, remit-
tances sent home for the soldiers.

In order to supply the paper the association bought paper mills in
Spain and conducted them for the production of the paper that was

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 741

necessary for soldier correspondence. To provide cooky and cracker
confections the Association took over the management of forty-four
factories in France and there made some of the products that were
sold through the canteens.

One of the largest tasks of the Y.M.C.A. was that of handling the
Army Canteen, which duty the Association was requested by the Gov-
ernment to take over.

In one place the "Y" men were not expected to go, and that was to
the hospitals. It had been agreed that the Red Cross should have
charge of all work there.

From June, 1918, to April, 1919, the Y.M.C.A. handled in France
alone upwards of 2,000,000,000 cigarettes, 32,000,000 bars of choco-
late, 18,000,000 cans of smoking tobacco, 50,000,000 cigars, 60,000,-
000 cans of jam, 29,000,000 packages of chewing-gum, and 10,000,000
packages of candy.

From June, 1918, to February, 1919, 9,554 freight-car loads of
Y.M.C.A. supplies were hauled. In the month of October alone some
of the principal items were 765 cars of general supplies, 86 cars of
flour, 148 cars of sugar, 150 cars of tobacco, 59 cars of chocolate, 63
cars of raw materials for manufacture, and 144 cars of lumber and
hut materials.

On March i, 1919, the Y.M.C.A. had in operation in France 587
buildings of various kinds which it had erected itself, 596 which it
had leased, and 782 centers in tents and army buildings. Hotels
were operated in important centers where the men on leave could be
accommodated for reasonable charges.

During the years 1918 and 1919 it provided over 2,250,000 athlet-
ic articles. Included in this aggregate were 575,000 baseballs, 140,-
000 baseball bats, 65,000 fielder's gloves, 85,000 indoor baseballs and
75,000 footballs. These supplies were given to the soldiers.

The English soldier in France was only a few hours from his home,
and the French soldier was very close to his home. When an Eng-
lish soldier obtained leave he could spend his holidays at home. Not
so with the American soldier. He was far from home, in a strange
land, with a strange language, so the Y.M.C.A. endeavored to pro-
vide a substitute for home. It opened large hotels and recreation
grounds at various centers in France, England, Italy, and Germany,
where our men could go and spend their holidays. These recreation

742 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

centers Avere operated jointly by the army and the Y.M.C.A. Enter-
tainments of all sorts were provided and every effort made to have the
holiday of each man a success. Sight-seeing departments were pro-
vided with most of these headquarters.

Casualties to Y.M.C.A. men during the war are summarized in
the following statements: Killed in battle zone, lo; died of wounds,
I ; died of accident and disease, 72 ; wounded and gassed in battle zone,
no; injured in accidents, 22; missing, made prisoner, 23. Thirty-one
Red Triangle workers have died in service in the United States. Of
the many workers overseas, 140 were awarded war medals and 214
were cited in official reports.

"Y" workers wore a uniform that simulated the regular army vmi-
form and were distinguished by a chevron of the red triangle which
is everywhere accepted as the emblem of the Y.M.C.A.

IN BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Interest in the welfare organizations became manifest early in the
war. With the whole hearted support which the people were giv-
ing to governmental preparation they responded to the call for civil-
ian auxiliary work which it was afterwards proven was so success-
ful in sustaining the morale of the men.

Early in May, 1917, the Y.M.C.A. made an appeal for funds to
premote the work which was in line with what that institution had
been doing among men for years. An organization to secure a
worthy response from this county was soon ready to function. Every
town and township was organized. Meetings were held in every
part of the county, and E. C. Wolcott, general secretary for the Y.M.
C.A. at Sioux City, was in Storm Lake to tell of the big plans for the
work. In the one meeting at which he spoke the sum of $700 was
raised. The quota for the state was $150,000; for Buena Vista County
$1500 — and we made it $2,000.

In the fall there came a call for a much larger quota. While meet-
ings were held in all the towns of the county, the big enthusiasm pro-
ducer was held in Storm Lake, where A. H. O'Connor, battle-scarred
veteran of the early days of the war, gave people here the first com-
prehensive idea of the real horrors of war. A sum of $19,000 was
raised in the county at that time. A county organization of the Y.
M.C.A. which was active at that time had a drive scheduled just at

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 743

that time in the fall to raise the budget for the county work, so the
efifort to raise the sum of $3,000 to maintain the county organization
was included with the drive for the welfare fund, and that sum was
raised in addition to the $19,000 for national work.

As»the several draft contingents left, men of the county were des-
ignated to accompany them to the camps to look after the comfort
and happiness of the men enroute. It was generally the rule that
two men should accompany the contingent.

In the first campaign undertaken the national call was for $3,000,-
000; Iowa's quota was $125,000; Buena Vista County's share was
$800. There was pledged and raised the sum of $1,000.

In the second campaign the amount asked made the first quota
seem insignificant and emphasized the largeness of the work being
planned. The national call was for $35,000,000. Of this amount
Iowa was asked to raise $800,000, with a quota of $7,000 assigned
to Buena Vista County. Again she exceeded expectations. The
county raised $16,010; $15,802 was pledged by seniors, while the
boys' earn and give campaign netted $208.

When the third call came it was under the title of the United War
Work campaign, wherein the needs of the Y.W.C.A., the Salvation
Army, the American Library Association, the Jewish Welfare Asso-
ciation, the Knights of Columbus, the War Camp Community Ser-
vice, and the Y.M.C.A. were presented as one claim for $170,000,000.
Of this grand total Iowa's quota was $6,133,000. Buena Vista County
was asked for $43,400. Again she was over-generous; the sum of
$61,205 was raised. Adults raised $58,000; the boys' victory cam-
paign, under the leadership of County Superintendent A. E. Harrison,
raised $1,650; while the victory girls, directed by Mrs. U. S. Parish,
raised $1,555- The Y.M.C.A. and the Knights of Columbus were the
two agencies concerned in the united war work drive which were
most intimately known to the people of this county.

The officials in charge of the earlier drives were George M. Allee
of Newell, chairman; N. H. Johnson, Storm Lake, executive secre-
tary; Dr. W. M. Storey, Storm Lake, treasurer. The War Service
Board took charge of the united war work drive. Our county had
the honor of being one of the leading counties in the state in all three
drives. Reference has been made to the local county organization.

744 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

It was shown that counties where the Y.M.C.A. was organized on a
county basis responded most generously to these calls.

General Pershing, writing of the work of the Y.M.C.A., says :

On behalf of the A.E.F., I desire to express to you and your fellow
workers my appreciation and thanks for the splendid services which
the Y.M.C.A. has performed for the American Army in Europe.
Yours has been the same spirit which has animated the American
Army and made possible its contribution to the successful conclusion
of the war.

A Buena Vista County soldier, writing to the Pilot-Tribune in June
1918, said:

The Y.M.C.A. gives us some excitement once in a while and we
can see some real American pictures. Can you imagine that, right
up near the trenches? We have volley ball and boxing to drive dull
care away.

Early in September, 19 18, Captain George K. McCullough wrote:

I am writing at an officers' rest hut run by the Y.M.C.A. It is
pretty nice and convenient.

Lieutenant Cecil P. Troeger, from the field in France, communi-
cated this word :

We are stopping at a little better place than our last — a Y.M.C.A.,
which is equipped with a few luxuries, such as baths and warm water,
writing desks, billiard table, magazines, etc. They also serve meals
and have a very fine dining room. It costs us two francs a meal,
about forty cents in our money; and although the bread is wheatless,
and our meals are almost meatless, and the chocolate candy has no
sweetness, they all taste good to one who is hungry.

Conrad Anderson, in an address at Albert City after returning
from the war, said:

The Y.M.C.A. has been severely criticized for its inefficiency dur-
ing the war. It is proven that some of its secretaries have been dis-
honest, but I do not think that the organization as a whole is to be
blamed for this. Personally, I have always been treated just and
fair.

Admiral T. H. Mayo, in his report to the Navy Department, com-
mends the work of welfare organizations overseas as follows:

It was satisfactory to note that in practically all cases, whether our
own naval facilities provided reading, writing, and amusement facili-
ties for the personnel or not — the Y.M.C.A. was in evidence. Their

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 745

arrangements were, in many places, all that could be expected in the
way of comfortable and cheerful quarters ; and, in those places where
the facilities were not so good, inquiry usually revealed the fact that
a suitable building was either under way or soon would be. In at
least one place the Knights of Columbus were found established in a
commodious building with all in readiness to duplicate the character
of the work generally associated with Y.M.C.A. activities.

Report of National Scope of Knights of Columbus
by national headquarters

In the report of the war relief activities of the Knights of Colum-
bus for the year ending June 30, 1919, the Supreme Board of Direc-
tors of the organization show how the K. of C. have disposed of the
$17,000,000 received by them up to that date from the united war
fund of $170,500,000, their quota of which was $25,000,000. In this
report the Knights also give an accounting for $1,776,409 of their
pre-drive fund, the fund collected by the K. of C. independently of
and previous to the united drive of November, 1918.

The disbursements from the united war work fund were : For ac-
tivities in the United States, $5,468,060.79, and for activities over-
seas, $9,550,082.62, a total of $15,018,151.41, leaving an unexpend-
ed balance on June 30 of $2,112,151.46.

The $5,468,060.79 expended for activities in the United States was
apportioned among the following divisions : Building program, in-
cluding new constructions and additions, rentals, operation and main-
tenance and equipment, $1,303,022.85. The Knights had 178 build-
ings and 14 tents in the eastern-northeastern department, 89 build-
ing and 5 tents in the southeastern department, 152 buildings and 7
tents in the central-southern department, and 42 buildings and 6
tents in the western department ; making a total of 461 buildings and
32 tents. Eleven buildings were being constructed, at permanent
army posts, on June 30th.

Personnel expenses, including salaries, traveling expenses, uni-
forms, and other personal equipment, but excluding headquarters
staff, cost the Knights $1,046,680.11 for a total personnel of 11 34.
Activities or service program, including athletics and sports, motion
pictures and other entertainments, educational, social, and employ-
ment service, cost $745,659. Motor transport service cost $170,-

746 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

244.01. On supplies for free distribution, including stationery, pe-
riodicals, tobacco, food and candy and miscellaneous supplies, such as
soap, shaving materials, etc., the Knights spent $1,063,368.63. Freight
and insurance cost the Knights $92,411.53, and general administra-
tion, $138,058.18; this item covered salary and expenses of headquar-
ters staff, publicity and rents, and office supplies and incidental ex-
pense. Other disbursments, including funds at offices of department
directors and camps and hospitals to meet the hourly needs of opera-
tions, amounted to $908,616.48.

For their overseas work the Knights, in the year ending June 30th,
spent $9,550,082.62. Of this amount $50,294.41 were spent on build-
ing and equipment; $623,700.01 on personal expense; $438,438.19 on
athletics, social and moving-picture entertainments, etc.; $110,032.83
for motor transport service; $4,562,982.06 for supplies for free dis-
tribution; $166,933.31 for freight and insurance; $89,253.61 for gen-
eral administration ; and $3,508,448.30 for disbursments to overseas
commissioners for expenditures overseas on operations.

Overseas, the Knights maintained 125 huts and clubs of substan-
tial size, while other more or less ephemeral clubs were equipped and
maintained to bring the total number of K.C. points of contact with
the troops to 250. Of these clubs 32 were in Germany, 4 in Italy,
and 9 in the British Isles, with i opened later in Antwerp. In Siberia
the K. of C. have a secretary and more are enroute. The Knights
have also recently opened clubs in Panama, Hawaii, Alaska, and clubs
have been operated in Cuba and Porto Rico and large quantities of
goods shipped to Haiti. All this latter work is now included in the
domestic department.

The Knights sent 1,075 workers overseas out of a total number of
7,414 applicants. Every state in the Union was represented in the
overseas ranks of the K. of C.

The total amount expended by the Knights on free comforts dur-
ing the year was within a few dollars of $7,000,000. This includes
the comforts distributed on transports by the 108 K. of C. secretaries
engaged in transport work. This sum represents goods purchased in
this country. Overseas the Knights purchased vast quantities of
supplies for free distribution. Items included in the list are 900,000,-
000 beef cubes, 618,000,000 cigarets, 3,750,000 pipes, 546,851 pounds
of pipe tobacco, 3,000,000 pounds of candy.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 747

For collection, care, and general administration of their funds the
Knights spent $166,616.76 — 2.63 per cent of entire disbursements,
a sum exceeded by the total discounts accruing from prompt payment
of merchandise bills. The money expended during the year by the
Knights for their pre-drive fund, distinct from the united fund, was
distributed through the different avenues of expenditure in a propor-
tion generally relative to their disbursments of money received on
their quota in the United States.

When Iowa's part in the greatest of all world wars has been finally
written and completed, and the commendable activities of the various
welfare organizations which did so much to help sustain the courage
and morals of the brave boys overseas and in American training
camps have been recounted, the Knights of Columbus of the Hawk-
eye State will be entitled to their part.

The Knights of Columbus in Iowa claim the record among frater-
nal organizations of the state for the number of members in the ser-
vice. By careful count, 3,800 K. of C.'s voluntarily offered their
services to help defeat autocracy and today many of these modern
knights sleep beneath the blue canopy of Flanders field that true de-
mocracy might survive and flourish.

Men who have for years been known as leaders in this great Catho-
lic organization have gladly taken off their coats, opened their purse
strings and shut up shop that they might go out and help raise money
not only for their government, but for other worthy causes and in-
stitutions not allied with their faith.

When the Knights of Columbus as a whole entered the war work
at the urgent request of the Government in order that Catholic boys
might be given the same opportunity to keep up their religious duties
as those of other faith, an appeal was made to the Catholic people of
Iowa and a total of $243,224.80 was raised on a quota of $100,000.
Only in a few remote instances did non-Catholics contribute to this
particular drive, because the Catholic people felt the money could
easily be secured among themselves.

Soon after the President expressed a wish that all welfare agen-
cies unite in one drive for funds during the fall of 1918, J. H. Deva-
ney of Cascade, then state deputy for the Knights of Columbus in
Iowa, offered the support and resources of the organization to the
state committee which was being formed to handle the campaign. The

748 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

offer was gladly accepted and the K. of C. state secretary designated
as the one who would actively represent the state organization in
Des Moines. Consequently, for over three weeks the state secretary
was in Des Moines as a member of the state executive staff of the
united war work campaign, being in charge of publicity and the dis-
tribution of posters and literature.

In addition to assisting in every way possible the welfare work of
the Knights of Columbus at Camp Dodge, which was in direct charge
of the Fosdick Commission, the order in this state helped to maintain
a K. of C. club house for the boys at Ames. A K. of C. hut and sec-
retary also took care of the soldiers in training at Iowa City.

While the boys to whom the Knights of Columbus ministered
overseas and in camps on this side of the water have demanded no
accounting, that organization published a statement of the receipts
and expenditures of the body for war work. The statement shows
just how the $25,000,000 allotted to the order from the united war
relief and other funds was expended, activities on this side of the
water being listed separately from foreign expenditures. Following
is the financial report:

U.S. A.E.F.

Buildings, maintenance, and equipment. $1,309,022. 85 $ 50,294.41
Personnel (traveling expenses, etc.)... 1,046,680.11 623,700.01

Entertainment, employment, social 745,659.00 438,438.19

Motor transport service 170,244.01 110,032.83

Supplies for free distribution 92,411.53 4,562,982.06

General administration 138,058.18 89,253.51

Freight and insurance 166,933.31

Directors' operations funds 908,616.48 3,508,448.30

Totals $5,468,060.79 $9,550,082.62

\Vhile the Knights of Columbus expended approximately $7,000,-
000 for cigarettes, candy, cigars, and other comforts, all of which
were given free to the men, their administration expenses were but
$166,616.76, which amount was more than oft'set by cash discounts
for prompt payment of bills. They gave away more free supplies to
the men than all other relief organizations put together.

Exclusive of the money raised during the united war activities
drive the Knights of Columbus of the state contributed $275,000 to
war relief funds while hostilities were in progress. They began dur-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 749

ing the border trouble with Mexico in 1916 when the 16,000 Knights
of Cokimbus in the state gave $2 each, or a total of $32,000. In the
fall of 1917 and the spring of 1918, a campaign among the councils
and the Catholic families of the state netted $243,000.

LOCAL WORK IN K. OF C.

On April 11, 1918, members of St. Mary's parish met in Foresters'
Hall and organized a body for the purpose of collecting funds for the
benefit of our boys at the front. This organization was called "St.
Mary's Parish, Storm Lake, K. of C. Fund." P. J. Toohey was
named as president; E. P. Wright, treasurer; and O. B. Kelley, sec-
retary. Committeemen were appointed to call on every member of
the parish and put the matter before them. No stated amount was
required from anyone, but purely voluntary subscriptions were asked.
Every member of the parish contributed in amounts ranging from
fifty cents to $100 each, with the result that the total amount of money
collected was $2,588.75. This was forwarded to Joe McCormick,
state secretary of the K. of C, to be disposed of as state leaders
thought best.

This organization remained active in the drive for united war work
funds, from which the K. of C. received a previously determined
proportion.

The final subscription over the nation to this united war fund was
$205,000,000, an over-subscription of 20.2 per cent, as compared with
the over-subscription of this county of 52.5 per cent.

BuENA Vista S. A. T. C.

Buena Vista County was fortunate in having in its midst an insti-
tution qualified to meet the requirements of a Students' Army Train-
ing School. Buena Vista College began, as soon as the authorization
of this army attachment was made, to make plans on taking care of
the young men of this section of the state who would attend such a
training school. The law was passed in August, 191 8, at the same
time that the registration of September 12, 191 8, was ordered.

The law provided a course of study intended to keep the young men
in college work as long as possible and at the same time to give them
some class work and considerable drill which would fit them for sol-
diering should it ever become necessary to use men of that age. The

750 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

law contemplated the division of the year into four equal periods of
three months each. The work of the men in school was to be checked
over every three months by army officers and they would decide
who, over eighteen years of age, was qualified to go to an officers'
training school, and furthermore to determine who, not qualified for
officers, should go into the Infantry.

The course of study was hard and the drill stiff. The program of
the days filled the hours from 6:45 a. m. to 9:30 p. m., with the excep-
tion of three twenty-minvite periods, which were allowed for relaxa-
tion. On Saturday and Sunday the drill and study hours were not
so long.

The college did not find it necessary to erect barracks to accom-
modate the local company. The one hundred members were quar-
tered in the third floor of the Bradford Hotel, where living conditions
were made as nearly like they would be in barracks as was possible.
The sight of the S.A.T.C. company marching back and forth each
day between the hotel barracks and the college was a constant remind-
er of preparations that were being made all over the country for war.

Officers of the company were Captain Robert Shaw, commanding;
Lieutenant Orrin Letson, Lieutenant Ethan Norton, Lieutenant Ed-
ward Edwards.

BuENA Vista College in War Work

Aside from being brought conspiciously to the front in war activi-
ties by reason of the S.A.T.C, Buena Vista College students and
faculty members promoted a host of notable work which contributed
a worthy share to the general activities that were being urged and
consummated from time to time. A summary of war activities of
those who claim Buena Vista College as their alma mater shows that
the institution had 209 representatives in the service. Of this num-
ber 96 were in the S.A.T.C. In the army there were iii, while in
the navy and marines there were 18. Two faculty members were in
the service, and one student paid the supreme sacrifice.

Of the representatives of the college who were in the service one
was a major, two were captains, twenty-two were lieutenants, ten were
sergeants, five were corporals, one won the rank of ensign, and one
was a quartermaster. The number who actually went overseas was 47.

In civilian work members of the college faculty were busy. Presi-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 751

dent Stanton Olinger, Dr. J. W. Parkhill, and Prof. J. J. Yost served
as four-minute men and all were members of the Council of National
Defense; Alice E. Wilcox completed the course in first aid and home
nursing and worked in the surgical dressings workroom; Miss Edith
Cooke completed the courses in first aid and surgical dressings, served
as workroom supervisor and instructor in the latter, and helped
to establish workrooms in Marathon and Newell; Miss Jessie Coles
worked in the surgical dressings workroom, as did Miss Marie Agnew.

Those who took the surgical dressings course under Miss Cooke
between January 12 and April 20, 1918, were Marie Agnew, Esther
Aitken, Ruby Angler, Irma Beazley, Genevieve Benedict, Jessie Coles,
Mary Chapman, Dorothy Eyres, Mabel Fife, Margaret Hanson, Mil-
dred Heath, Opal Kraemer, Ruth Meighen, Edna Motter, Florence
Mitchell, Nora Rohwer, Alice E. Wilcox. Three young ladies who
finished the standard course were Esther Aitken, Ruth Meighen,
Florence Mitchell.

The college as a whole contributed to the Y.M.C.A. ..-ar fund on
November 21, 1917, the sum of $300; during the united war work
drive the student friendship war fund received a contribution of $319
from the college; and on November 4, 1919, on the third Red Cross
drive the sum of $53 was raised at the college.

From the receipts of a play, "The Wayside Piper," the Y.W.C.A.
gave $10 to the hostess house fund. During the campaign for books
for soldiers 123 were collected through the college library. By the
sale of badges of the Allied colors, the Women's League raised $55.
A French orphan was adopted by this same organization, and the
sum of $36.50 pledged for its support was raised through the benefit
recital given by Mrs. Holden. Christmas presents for soldiers were
collected both in 191 7 and 1918. During the Armenian relief drive
the sum of $45 was realized from a "Conundrum Supper." The
total amount raised through the college agencies for war and relief
work was $818.50.

Library War Se;rvice

Chairman, Miss Stella Russell; secretary. Miss Elizabeth Walpole;
treasurer, L. E. Ballou, Jr.

752 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

RECORD OF COUNTY MEN

Before the present war history was planned the Storm Lake Public
Library, at the request of the State Historical Department, took steps
toward securing a permanent record of the men in the service of their
country, also of all the Red Cross nurses. The state department con-
sidered it a patriotic duty on the part of collectors and took it up
with every librarian in America.

Miss Elizabeth Walpole, librarian of the Storm Lake Public Li-
brary, and the library trustees met with the county board of super-
visors June 21, 1 918, to discuss ways and means of preserving a
historical record of the soldiers and sailors from Buena Vista County.
The supervisors agreed to furnish binder, index, and blanks neces-
sary for such record, with the understanding that the county record-
er would keep the record.

Miss Walpole was appointed county chairman and a chairman was
also appointed for each township. Through this organization the
data for records of the men were assembled. In addition, a cas-
ualty list was kept, which was a frequent source of information to
relatives, friends, and organizations.

LIBRARY WAR COUNCIL

People of Buena Vista County who appreciate the companionship
of books rallied promptly to the call of the American Library Asso-
ciation which was organized completely within a few months after
the United States went into war. In June, 191 7, arrangements were
made with the commission on training camp activities to give the
American Library Association full responsibility for providing library
facilities in all army camps, cantonments, and naval stations.

The sum of $1,000,000 to be raised by a drive the first week in No-
vember, 191 7, was raised to extend library facilities to all men in the
service.

The Buena Vista Library War Council held its first meeting Sep-
tember 17, 191 7, in the public library at Storm Lake, and organized
by the election of those listed at the head of this section. With the co-
operation of women's clubs and other agencies this county put on a
campaign which resulted in a raising the sum of $808.10, giving it
the eighth place in the list of Iowa counties in this work; and, for-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 753

tunately, none of this svim was absorbed in expenses of collection. In
October of 191 7, the Storm Lake Library sent 131 books to Camp
Dodge. In December a second drive netted 429 books as Christmas
presents for the boys at different camps; in April, 1918, another con-
signment of 714 books of fiction were forwarded; and the following
December 52 books were sent to the army hospital. Storm Lake
and vicinity sent 1,325 books and 1,000 magazines, while the towns
of the county, through women's clubs and similar organizations, con-
tributed reading matter for the boys. In November, 1918, another
sum was raised for the library work through the united war work
drive.

Welfare Work Co-ordinated

As the war progressed and more men kept constantly pouring into
war activities, the needs of the several welfare organizations in-
creased. Means were developed to handle the raising of the funds for
these organizations more efficiently. When, in the fall of 1918, it
became apparent that the several organizations would each need to
make a campaign a decision was reached to coordinate the efforts
of the several activities, unite the several budgets into one large sum,
then apportion the sum raised on a pre-agreed basis among the several
activities. The national war work council of the Y.M.C.A. was to
receive $100,000,000; the war work council of the Y.W.C.A., $15,000,-
000; the national Catholic war council (K.C.), $30,000,000; the Jew-
ish Welfare Board, $3,500,000; the War Camp Community Service,
$15,000,000; the American Library Association, $3,500,000; and the
Salvation Army, $3,500,000 — a grand total of $170,000,000, to be
used in providing comforts and good cheer, to sustain the morale of
the American soldiers at home and abroad.

Iowa's original quota was $4,610,000; Buena Vista County's was
$43,400. But when all plans were laid it began to appear that a
larger army would be called into service than was realized when the
plans for the drive were made earlier in the year. To meet this
situation the general quota was increased by fifty per cent. Buena
Vista County accepted the increased quota cheerfully. Final figures
show that she went fifty-two and five-tenths per cent over the first
designated quota. Iowa finally contributed $6,500,000, an over-sub-
scription of forty-one per cent.

754 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

The amounts contributed by the several precincts of the county
were as follows:

Storm Lake, First Ward, $1,398.50; Storm Lake, Second Ward,
$2,146; Storm Lake, Third Ward, $3,308; Storm Lake, Fourth Ward,
$3,116.50; Storm Lake Township, $737; Albert City District, $4,-
058.50; Alta, $3,126.50; Brooke Township, $1,936; Coon Township,
$2,632; Elk Township, $2,863; Hayes Township, $1,795; East Grant
Township, $1,639.25; West Grant Township, $1,195; Eee Township,
$1,771.50; Linn Grove District, $2,695; Lincoln Township, $1,620.50;
Maple Valley Township, $3,047.50; Marathon District, $4,532.50;
Newell Town, $3,366.25; Newell Township, $3,220; Nokomis Town-
ship, $3,137.50; Providence Township, $2,197.50; Rembrandt District,
$1,912.50; Sioux Rapids, $2,465.50; Scott Township, $2,226; Wash-
ington Township and Truesdale, $2,021; Victory Boys' campaign,
$1,226.50; Victory Girls' campaign, $1,007.20; a total of $66,398.20.
From this should be deducted the expense of campaign, $189.97, leav-
ing as the net amount deposited in bank, $66,208.23.

"It does beat all the way Buena Vista County continues to climb.
You have made a most marvelous record, and I fully appreciate it.
. . You may be proud of your record." Thus wrote Bruce W.
Tallman, state Victory Boy leader, in commendation of the effort
of the boys of the county to contribute to the united war work fund.
An apportionment of $5 per boy was set, and only one other county in
the state came as near reaching this mark as did Buena Vista County.
According to the prevailing proportion of boys, this county was
counted on for an enrollment of 258 boys, but 475 made pledges. The
plan of the campaign was to have the boys make pledges and then
make their payments as the money was raised. The amount credited
to the Victory Boys in the above tabulation is of date of January 9,
1919, while the table which follows was a complete report to July
I, 1919.

The detailed result of their work is shown in the following figures :

No. of Amt. Amt.
District Leader Boys Plgd. Paid

ElkTownship — C. G. Olson 5 $8.00 $8.00

Washington Township — R. B. Eno 5 5.00 1.50

Lincoln Township — Mrs. M. O. Reuland 10 15.75 15.75

Storm Lake — Supt. C. E. Akers 100 337.75 232.75

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 755

Storm Lake — St. Mary's School 6 6.00 6.00

Albert City — Supt. C. B. Whitehead 17 71.75 71-75

Truesdale — Supt. W. L. Ernest 13 52.00 44.50

Marathon — Supt. J. W. TeWinkle 39 200.00 181,50

Maple Valley Township — Prof. Jacol) Schmidt 11 60.00 60.00

Brooke Consolidated — Mrs. Frank L. Mott. . . 6 30.00 30.00

Providence — Miss Grace Russell 22 91.00 88.50

Newell — -Supt. H. H. Linton 38 122.50 122.50

Rembrandt — Supt. L. C. Lackore 6 27.50 17.50

Lincoln Lee — Supt. Fred E. Gates 6 27.50 18.50

Linn Grove — Supt. D. M. Bateson 28 145.00 120.00

Fairview — J. M. Rehnstrom 10 50.00 50.00

Grant Township — Prof. C. F. Gutz 22 70.00 70.00

Alta — Supt. S. G. Reinertsen 69 168.75 ii5--5

Sioux Rapids ^ — Supt. R. R. Morrow 45 145.00 129.00

Grant No. i — Genevieve Wilson 2.00 2.00

475 1,683.00 1,441-50

VICTORY GIRLS

Under the leadership of Mrs. U. S. Parrish the Victory Girls were
organized in the county as an auxiliary body to arouse the interest of
the girls in this, which proved to be the final act of financing welfare
activities for the war. The report of this group shows results from
every portion of the county as follows:
District Girls Amount

Alta 86 $125.50

Marathon 53 222.50

Newell 39 122.00

Storm Lake 145 331-10

Sioux Rapids 51 i95-00

Rembrandt 15 72.50

Sulphur Springs 19 80.00

Truesdale 15 34-00

Albert City 21 69.00

Linn Grove 22 80.00

Fairview Consolidated 15 44.00

Brooke Consolidated 6 17.00

Hayes Consolidated 15 45-35

756 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Lincoln-Lee 15 4700

Washington Township 4 4.00

Maple Valley Township 4 4.75

Grant Township 15 15-75

St. Mary's Parish School 10 10.70

Lincoln Township 25.50

War Mothers of America

At a reception tendered to the mothers of boys in service by Mrs.
A. P. Scott and Miss Mae Hamilton, at the Commercial Club rooms,
on March ig, 1918, a club was organized which at that time selected
the name of the Service Mothers' Club. Later the name was altered
to the War Mothers of America to affiliate with a national movement
which looked to a permanent association of the mothers whose inter-
ests had become so much in common through their common sacrifices
and interests.

During the early months of organization the mothers met the last
Thursday of every month to spend an afternoon reading the latest
news from the boys and to scatter cheer while they knitted or sewed.
Later the meeting date was changed to the nth of each month, a date
that was chosen in commemoration of the time of the signing of the
armistice.

Membership in the organization has always been open to mothers
of soldiers, sailors, marines, or nurses, and associate memberships are
received from wives, sisters, and daughters of such. Formal initia-
tion was never required ; it was only expected that ladies would asso-
ciate themselves with the club by attending the meetings.

The first corps of officers chosen consisted of Mrs. A. T. Troeger,
.president; Mrs. James Deland, vice president; Mrs. William Aitken,
secretary. Upon the reorganization in January, 1919, when the club
affiliated with the national organization, Mrs. James Deland was
named as president; Mrs. John McFadden, first vice president; Mrs.
W. J. Beatty, second vice president; Mrs. G. M. Gilliland, treasurer;
Mrs. William Aitken, secretary; Mrs. L. W. Bowers, historian.

The object of cheering each other was never forgotten. The com-
ment was made that during the months of war there was not a mother
who did not feel her morale strengthened by meeting with other
mothers and hearing what they had to say. This was especially true

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 757

when some of our boys were called upon to make the supreme sacrifice.
The program of the meetings seldom varied during the months of ac-
tive war. Tn answer to the roll call response was made b}- each mo-
ther telHng the latest news of her hero. When occasion ofifered the
boys home on furlough or returned from service were proudly
brought to the gathering to tell of their experience in training camp
or battlefield.

This great organization, approved by President Wilson, and with
national headquarters at Evansville, Ind., has enrolled over one mill-
ion members.

In peace, these mothers, wives, sisters, and daughters will work to
perpetuate those ideals their men had defended, by:

( 1 ) Fostering such a democracy among women as our sons found
in the trenches.

(2) Refusing to recognize again the little clicjues and classes
which once separated us by keeping alive the big things that drew us
together.

(3) Refusing to return to those non-essentials in domestic life
which were cast out that we might find time for war work.

(4) Assisting as an organization in the Americanization of for-
eigners, and promoting a nation-wide campaign for pro-American
talks.

(5) Cementing the ties of sisterhood which bind us to the women
overseas whose sons, husbands, and brothers have fought with ours.

(6) Preserving in each community records of the patriotic ser-
vices of our men and women.

(7) Insisting upon such education and training of the coming
generation as shall assure us that our dead shall not have died in vain.

(8) Assuming our share of responsibility in determining the char-
acter of the new world which shall be after this war.

(g) To consider the importance of the c^uestion involved in the
absorption in other work of thousands of men now engaged in war in-
dustries, and the replacement of thousands of men by women workers.

(10) To consider the question of education, including the encour-
agement of further education of the returned soldiers, the return to
school of hundreds of children drawn into the industries by war
demands.

(11) To connect and supplement the work done by religious or-
ganizations, there should be methods adopted.

(12) Opposing the teaching of German in our public schools. Ev-
ery organization should be represented on all committees pertaining
to their local civic welfare such as charities. Red Cross, school boards,

758 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Young Men's Christian Association, Jewish Welfare Board, American
Library Association, and the Sanation Army, and give their support
to the Young Men's Christian Association and the Knights of
Coknnbus.

The executive secretary of the national organization is the only
paid officer employed. The treasurer is required to give a bond with
surety approved by the national executive board.

At the time of the writing of this record the selection of a badge or
emblem has 'not been made, but it is planned that one shall be designed
which will suitably represent the purposes of the organization.

New Revenue Laws

One method of raising finances to which resort was taken was a
new law which taxed practically all incomes. Every married person
with an income over $2,000 per year, and every single man whose in-
come was more than $1,000 a year, was required to make a report to
the Government detailing his income, and was then required to pay a
tax upon the excess above the sums noted.

The levying of a revenue tax against negotiable paper and property
transfer instruments reached practically everyone with any consider-
able business dealings. The sale of stamps to represent these taxes
was conducted through the postoffices and began December r, 191 7.
One of the items in the current press of the times recited the fact
that Robert Bleakly paid $100 revenue for the recording of a deed
to 480 acres, the value of which was $105,600.

A revenue tax against amusements was charged against each pat-
ron of the enterprise in the sum of ten per cent of the admission fee.
During the summer amusement season of 1918, the George D. Sweet
theatrical enterprise, which made headquarters at Storm Lake, paid
in the sum of $2,600 in war tax.

Protecting Home Supplies

Following reports which were received from governmental sources
to the efifect that an organized effort was to be put forth to destroy
grain elevators and other storehouses during the holidays of 1917-
1918, a meeting was held at the Commercial Club rooms in Storm
Lake December 26, 191 7, when a company of home guards was organ-
ized. Business men of the city signified their willingness to do ser-

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 759

vice in this line, and during the remainder of the winter a dozen men
patrolled regular beats about the sections of town most liable to dan-
ger from any such malicious source. A fire was discovered in the
factory of the Storm Lake Tank and Silo Company on the night of
January 22, 1918. At different times transients who were unable to
give creditable accounts of their presence upon the streets at unusual
hours of the night were taken in charge, and on two or three occa-
sions were found to be men who had attempted to evade the draft in
other communities.

As an extra precaution members of the fire company took turns in
sleeping in pairs at the fire station to be on hand for duty should
emergency call.

For Hunger Relief in Europe

Buena Vista County contributed the sum of $8,823.73 to an Ar-
menian relief fund. The whole amount raised by the state was
$654,148.56. This contribution was solicited in the county bv the
Rev. W. T. McDonald, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church of
Storm Lake, and forwarded through a state committee headed by Dr.
J. Edward Kirbye of Des Moines.

Soldiers' Relief Committee

A committee appointed in Storm Lake to provide needed soldiers'
relief consisted of George Currier, chairman; A. R. Biddle, M. E.
Tracy, H. G. Mittelstadt, Robt. Bleakly, and Chris Mikkelson.

Mr. Currier solicited a fund of $112 which was used to purchase a
large flag that hung over Lake Avenue during the war and on patri-
otic occasions thereafter.

A soldiers' relief committee from Albert City, of which A. L. Berg-
ling was treasurer, reports the collection of $756.33, of which $200
was still in the treasury at the end of the war. Through subscrip-
tions they raised $63 ; the proceeds from an oyster supper added $33.23 ;
from an entertainment, $160.10; from the Albert City Red Cross
chapter, $500. Total, $756.33. Of this amount $35.84 was disbursed
for an oyster supper for the departing soldiers; $81.84 for material
for comfort kits; $56.60 for funeral expenses of Private Gottfred
Bengston; $12.20 for a service flag; $5 paid each departing soldier
totaled $370.

The Hanover Church in Maple Valley Township, of which Rev.

76o HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

Henry Wehking was pastor, raised the sum of $1300 for the Luther-
an Brotherhood.

Zion EvangeHcal Lutheran Church in Grant Township, under the
pastorate of Rev. F. Albrecht, contributed to the Lutheran Church
Board for army and navy reHef the sum of $517. Another activity
taken up by the young people of this same congregation was the col-
lection of a fund at band concerts to be sent to the boys under the
flag. The several amounts here totaled $128.38.

The Maids of America

Shortly after war was declared a number of young ladies at Storm
Lake organized a club for the purpose of doing whatever they could
to make for the comfort of Buena Vista County men in the service.
They held frequent meetings at the homes of the members.

The activities of this organization were the sending of candy, cake,
fruit, letters, and Christmas packages. They knitted at all meetings
and paid for the yarn they used.

The following were the members of the Maids of America : Opal
Toy, Margaret Skiff, Esther McAnulty, Helen Hurley, Mamie Soeth,
Mary Foote, Gladys Nusbaum, Genevieve Benedict, Lurene Swope,
and Frances Chapman.

Supporting French Orphan

The A.B.C. Club is an organization of ladies in the vicinity of Alta,
with a membership of fourteen. The club was organized at a meet-
ing held April 3, 191 8, with the purpose of helping a bit to win the
war, or to relieve in any measure the distress of suffering humanity.
The ladies used their time in sewing for the Red Cross. One of the
most interesting efforts was the raising of $36.50 which was sent to
France for the support of a war orphan. The secretary of the club,
Mrs.' J. B. Stomberg, received the following letter of acknowledg-
ment from the widowed mother of little Clotilda Dusson, to whom
the support was given. The letter is produced with fidelity to the
original. It reads:

I am come to receive from the Office of Repartitions of America
two orphans of the war, and after some days your address and money
order for forty-five francs for my little daughter, Clotilda Dusson.
Oh how much I thank ybu for this generous gift. I would have been

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 761

very happy if my little girl could thank you herself with a polite let-
ter. But she is still very little, five and a half years old. She has
not been in class more than two months, and does not yet know how
to write. However she asks me to tell you that she intends to work
with her best effort to be able to do so soon. I enclose a photograph
which was taken last year and I hope it will please you. With our
thanks and good wishes of happiness on the part of little Clotilda. I
ask you to accept the assurance of my respectful regards and of my
sincei-e friendship. Madam Dusson,

4 Rue Asile Alamagny, St. Charmond, France.

Nbwspaper Men Helped

Acknowledgment is due to the newspaper men of the county who
attended the meeting looking to organization for public activity, gave
much helpful publicity to all work, and helped carry the plans and the
spirit of the various committees directly to the people. The editors
and publishers of the county during- this trying time were George W.
Evans of the Linn Grove Independent; C. E. Ryder and G. M. Sher-
man of the Sioux Rapids Republican-Press; M. R. Soeth of the Mara-
thon Republic; J. T. Boyd of the Albert City Appeal; H. C. Gordon
of the Newell Mirror; Mrs. E. C. Thatcher of the Alta Adi'crtiser;
Chas. H. J. Mitchell of the Storm Lake Pilot-Tribune; John R. Bell
and Scott H. McClure of the Storm Lake Register. Soon after the
close of the war the Albert City Appeal was purchased by Ira W.
McNames, who had just come home from a long campaign with
Uncle Sam's army overseas. He also saw service on the Mexican
border before the United States entered the war against Germany.
The Marathon Republic has been purchased by Mr. Fish and the Alta
Advertiser by a company of Alta business men.

Sundry Items'

The first Buena Vista County man to make the supreme sacrifice
was John Brazel, son of Mr. and Mrs. James Brazel of Scott Town-
ship. The young man was first taken with the measles when he was
serving as fireman on the Montana. Apparently he improved, but
was later taken with malarial fever and passed away on a hospital
ship at Norfolk, Virginia. He had been married to Bell McGrew

1 Clipped from county newspapers.

762 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

a few years before lie enlisted and they had made their home at
Sioux Rapids, just prior to the war.

Probably the youngest man in the service from this county was
Sidney Lanham of Alta, who was born July i6, 1901, and at the time
of enlistment was 17 years, 8 months, and 15 days old.

One of the notable farewell occasions held before the departure of
Buena Arista County men was the reception held by the A. F. and A. M.
of Storm Lake, on August 25, 19 17. At that time Jos. E. Morcombe
first made known his plan to give each member of the lodge who went
overseas a letter of introduction and recommendation to A/fasonic
circles in France. The card, printed in French, was valuable to the
soldier because of Mr. Morcombe's standing as the representative in
this country of. the Grand Lodge of France.

"Smokes for Soldiers" was a popular slogan, to which there was a
generous response soon after the country realized that every effort
the citizens made contributed to the comfort of the men in service.
T. A. Marten and George C. Mack were the Storm Lake committee
who handled this work, and there were committees in each town.
The collections were taken largely through receptacles left at con-
venient places about towns.

The first drafted men left September 5, 191 7.

Miss Josephine Sibberell, thoroughly trained as a nurse, was re-
jected for service with the Red Cross because her mother was of
Gernian nativity.

In draft contingents which went prior to November 23, 191 7, five
aliens declined to ask for exent[3tions because of the fact that they
were aliens. Enlistment permitted them to be naturalized without
the long years of giving notice of intent.

Victor Penn of Alta was the first to return his questionnaire when
the selective service process was being carried out. He had his re-
sponse in the hands of the board twenty-four hours after it reached him.

The first contingents which were sent were selected from the in-
formations contained in their registration cards, without waiting for
the return of the questionnaires, which required considerable time.

Service flags were the proud possession of churches, fraternities,
schools, business institutions, clubs, and any other organization which
numbered soldiers, sailors, marines, or nurses among its membership.
The service flag was a white quadrangle for the center, with a wide

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 763

red border all around. Blue stars represented the men in service,
gold stars those who had made the supreme sacrifice ; while the nurses
were represented by red crosses. Many an inspiring patriotic service
was held to mark the dedication of a service flag for county, communi-
ty, or organization. If the army could have been counted by the
stars on all the service flags it would have been overwhelming.

Contributions for the Navy League, an organization which did wel-
fare work among men of the navy, were cared for in Storm Lake by
the Security Trust and Savings Bank.

Unnaturalized Germans were required to register early in 1918.
With the data which the Government demanded each registrant was
expected to furnish a photo of him or herself. The number which
was registered in Buena Vista County was not large. Postmasters
were made the registering officers for this service. Penalty for fail-
ure to meet this demand was internment for the period of the war.

The G.A.R. and the W.R.C. of the county seat presented Buena
Vista College with a beautiful flag which was presented at a patri-
otic service held February 2.2, 1918.

Jean Norris, a son of Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Norris of Sioux Rapids,
was appointed secretary to the American Legation at Copenhagen in
February, 1918.

A soldiers' relief committee was appointed early in 1917, consist-
ing of Colonel George Currier, P. C. Mickelson, M. E. Tracy, Robt.
Bleakly, and H. G. Mittelstadt.

A flag pole and a large flag were presented to the town of Sioux
Rapids by a patriotic citizen in the spring of 1918.

It was announced in March, 1918, that 30,000 letters written by
soldiers in France went down in the Andania.

Fred J. Robinson was the first Buena Vista County boy wounded
in France.

Hayes Consolidated School bought a large flag and staft' which was
erected as soon as the frost was out of the ground in the spring of 191 8.

When Arthur G. Hughes, a member of the Storm Lake fire depart-
ment, departed on April 9, 1918, with others who were bound for
Madison, Wisconsin, he was escorted to the station by members of
the company, who had the big truck decorated in flags and bunting
for the occasion.

In April, 1918, orders came to refuse all mail parcels addressed to

764 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

soldiers overseas unless it was specifically shown that the soldiers
had asked for the shipment. This was made necessary to relieve
east-bound shipments. ,

A Newell young lady received a nice little note from the censor at
Washington in April, 1918, informing her that her sweetheart had
said "too much"' in his letter and that it could not be forwarded to
her, but added for her peace of mind that he was well.

Wives, widows, and daughters of Civil War veterans made feather
pillows for soldier convalescents.

The teaching of German was tabooed in the Storm Lake High
School by action of the board taken March 22, 191 8.

Early in May, 191 8, it was announced that the War Department
would permit the publication of the addresses of men in connection
with the casualty lists. A previous system of leaving ofif the address
gave rise to some confusion regarding men with similar names.

Checks cashed through French banks by Buena Vista County sol-
diers were at one time a Curiosity.

Alta dedicated a very substantial flag pole June 14, 1918, with a
special address by Judge F. E. Helsell of Fort Dodge.

Robt. Wallace was arrested at Alta in May, 1918, as a draft eva-
der. It was afterwards learned that he had registered at Peoria,
Illinois, but when it came time to answer a call to service he was
found to be among the "missing."

Revision of regulations concerning mail worked to the comfort of
soldiers overseas after the change was effected in May, 1918. Pre-
vious to that time the Government had refused to keep the postoffice
advised of movements of troops on account of the fact that this
might be divulging important information. Trained clerks were fur-
nished to handle the soldier mail and the overseas postoffices were
designated by numbers rather than by name.

In the summer of 1918, community sings were an effective means
of arousing enthusiasm and patriotism. A regular course of such
sings was held in the park on the lake front at Storm Lake. The
idea was suggested by the federated clubs.

One-fourth of the corn output of the Storm Lake factory of the Sac
City Canning Company was sold to the Government in 19 18.

Two men attired in army uniforms who visited Storm Lake early in
the summer of 191 8, and who told vivid stories of experiences with

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 765

the One Hundred Sixty-eighth Regiment overseas, were afterwards
found to be deserters from the home guards in Des Moines.

Miss Belle Kearney, returned from overseas, visited the county in
July, 1 918, speaking on the subject, "War Time in Europe." She
came in behalf of the W.C.T.U.

In the summer of 1918, the Storm Lake band gave Sunday after-
noon and Saturday night concerts and at the end of the season turned
$500 into the Red Cross treasury. The director served without sal-
ary to further this good purpose.

A Gypsy band traveling through Alta in the summer of 191 8, plead-
ed guilty to having among their number an alien enemy who would
not go to war, but they made peace with officers by paying $150 to
be divided among various war welfare funds.

An effort to reorganize a company of militia to take the place of
the National Guard company which had gone into federal service was
made in August, 1918. Practically all of the men of age which gen-
erally are active in such an organization were already in war, so it
was necessary to recruit it from very young and middle-aged men.
At one time 135 of the 150 men required were subscribed. The or-
ganization was never completed.

Probably so complete a revolution of normal affairs was not accom-
plished in any other line as in the readjustment of retail credits.
While there was never any doubt but what this section of the country
had ample resources to meet all the calls for the sale of bonds and
contributions to welfare work, yet conditions in commerical circles,
working out through the regulation of wholesale credits over the entire
country, had their effect even down to the most resourceful communi-
ty. Credits were shortened in the wholesale trade. Naturally the
retail trade had to meet the emergenc3^ Finally, in August, 1918,
many of the retail dealers announced a "Cash and Carry" plan of
doing business. Deliveries were curtailed and finally abolished with
a view to doing away with one of the items of expense which would,
if maintained, add to the steadily rising costs of the most necessary
supplies. This revolution brought the housewife to market, with the
result that she did much more careful buying than she could possibly
do over the telephone. This scheme of things had its effect on retail
merchandising for many months after the war was over. In fact,

766 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY ^

it educated the whole population to a more exact idea of merchandise
credits.

Even the newspapers felt the restrictions of war regulation. In
the summer of 19 18, the War Industries Board established rules pro-
hibiting the circulation of papers to others than strictly bona fide
subscribers, restricting the printing of extra copies and needlessly
large editions, with a view to conserving the supply of print paper
so that all publishers might be supplied. Reports were required at
regular intervals showing the consumption of paper.

Assemblages for farewells were not held alone at the county-seat,
whence the draft contingents took their departure, but committees,
churches, and fraternities each paid their own compliments to those of
their number or membership who might be leaving. In nearly every
such instance a useful gift was presented to the departing soldier.

"American flags wave from every door and window as the troop
trains pass," wrote Don Hill from England in September, 1918.

With a view to conserving all resources for war purposes an order
was promulgated from Washington in September, 1918, directing our
board of supervisors not to let any contracts for road or bridge work.
This, however, was in line with a policy that covered all manner of
public construction. While Buena Vista County was at that time in
the midst of an era of progress which was accomplishing new public
building enterprises at the many towns of the county it is not record-
ed that any very important work was delayed by this policy. Some
splendid public enterprises had been started before the need of this
order became apparent, and they were finished.

In October, 1918, Colonel George Currier, a fervid patriot of Civil
War service, raised $100 to buy a community flag for Storm Lake.
This was suspended from a rope that hung between buildings on
Lake Avenue.

The Spanish influenza, which was epidemic among soldiers and sail-
ors, also worked its ravages in the civilian population. In the fall
of 1918, the man power of the county was greatly weakened by the
epidemic, and every resource at command was made necessary to com-
bat it. Many county activities were retarded by the plague.

A special campaign of patriotic instruction and enthusiasm was be-
gun in Storm Lake April 13, 1917, when Company M came down
from Cherokee to have part in a loyalty demonstration. Schools, the

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 767

college, the G.A.R., and other organizations participated. The spirit
of patriotism was inspired by addresses by J. H. Haughey, a veteran
of the Civil War, by F. F. Faville and the Reverend T. A. Ambler.
Another great meeting was held October 10, 1918, when the principal
speaker was F. H. Helsell of Fort Dodge, Iowa, formerly of Sioux
Rapids.

The record of one of the faithful knitters is available to date of
February 15, 1918. Mrs. C. M. Reese, of Alta, sixty-one years of
age, and with three boys in the service, had knitted 18 sweaters, 8
pairs of socks, 4 pairs of wristlets, 7 helmets, 2 scarfs, 4 pairs of mit-
tens, and one pair of gloves.

The first large enlistment of Storm Lake boys was on April 5, 191 7,
at a public meeting at the Commercial Club rooms, when twelve men
enlisted.

Soon after the declaration of war it was announced that mail ser-
vice to Germany, Austria, Luxemburg, and Turkey was cut off.

On Christmas morning, 191 7, the Red Cross was given a check
for $100, the proceeds of a supper given by Storm Lake Homestead
No. 361, Brotherhood of American Yeomen.

One service man in Buena Vista County entered the service three
times and was discharged three times.

The Social Club of Storm Lake

In 1916 the Social Ckib sent a Thanksgiving box containing cook-
ies, jellies, towels, etc.. to the boys on the border.

June 7, 191 7, the club voted to donate the sum of $5 to the Red
Cross ; also to do as much Red Cross work as possible during the year.

October 11, 1917, donated $10 more to the Red Cross.

December 3, 1917, donated $10 for Chrstmas packages for the
soldiers.

December 13, 1917, the members each gave $1.50 for the purchase
of yarn to be knitted at home to supply soldiers who had no one to
supply them. Four complete sets were volunteered.

October 8, 1918, voted $10 for filling twenty housewives for the
soldiers.

December 12, 191 8, took up the work of serving for the Belgium
children which work they continued to do as long as there was need.

February 18, 191 9, the Social Club adopted a French war orphan

768 HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY

(a bo}'). His name, Francois Tangui; born Jvlay 9, 191 1, in Guis-
criff, Moebihan, France.

November 6, 1919, the Social Club voted to support their war or-
phan for another year.

BuENA Vista Chapter of the D. A. R.

Adopted three French orphans. Gave 100 per cent of chapter's
part toward second liberty loan drive. Gave 100 per cent of chap-
ter's part toward the restoration of village of Tillovoy. Entertained
S.A.T.C, numbering 100. Gave $109.50 to the local Red Cross.

Preparedness League of American Dentists

The dentists of the United States formed themselves into a league
for the purpose of free assistance to the men enlisting in the arm3^
They agreed to give at least one hour each day of free service, in-
cluding materials, to help make our boys dentally fit. They performed
more than a half million free operations.

We quote from a letter signed by J. S. Easby-Smith, Lieutenant-
Colonel, National Army:

I hope that you will convey to the members of the League the as-
surance that the value of the magnificent patriotic work it has under-
taken and is performing is appreciated, not only by this office and by
the War Department, but also by all our people to whom it is day
by day becoming better kno\An.

Buena Vista County dentists took an active part in this work. The
following were members of the Preparedness League of American
Dentists: Storm Lake, Dr. V. E. Herbert, Dr. E. J. Schultz, Dr.
W. M. Storey, Dr. G. W. demons ; Sioux Rapids, Dr. F. E. Ander-
son, Dr. Liekvold; Marathon, Dr. Heine; Newell, Dr. Nason, Dr.
Freiberg; Alta, Dr. C. F. Sangston.

Delphian Club of Storm Lake

May 22, 191 8, adopted a French orphan, paying each year $36.50;
total $27,. Gave: To furlough houses, $18; to Red Cross, $13.20;
to hostess houses (Y.W.C.A.), $4; Council of National Defense, $1;
total, $109.20. Made: 60 bed coats, 6 (furnished) property bags,
36 (furnished) tea towels.

HONOR ROLL OF BUENA VISTA COUNTY 769

Tuesday Club of Storm Lake

Bought one liberty bond, $50 ; hostess house, $5 ; to Council of De-
fense, $1 ; devoted one (Tuesday) afternoon each week to Red Cross
work; donated magazines and books to soldiers for Christmas; secured
old clothing for refugees and poor; bought own material used in
Red Cross work; each member gave two towels for hostess house;
and, instead of giving flowers to our sick, money was given to Red
Cross.

Y. W. C. A.

This drive was carried on just after the holidays (1918) and dur-
ing the influenza epidemic. The towns that were able to report were :
Alta, $97.50; Marathon, $45.77; Newell, $87.50; Storm Lake, v$6io.37.

Thursday Afternoon Cluc of Sioux Rapids

The following letter was written to Miss Bertha Knight of Storm
Lake, by Emily Eade, corresponding secretary of the Thursday x\fter-
noon Club: "Dear Miss Knight: In reply to your letter con-
cerning war work done, the Thursday Afternoon Club gave $85 for
camp library, $25 for furlough house in France, supported one Bel-
gium orphan, and did sewing each week instead of study work." The
club also sent two boxes of books to the soldiers at Camp Dodge, and
^azines.

Women's Federated Club of Newell

Adopted one French orphan, collected eighty records for Camp
Dodge; collected five sacks of magazines for the convalescent soldiers;
made a drive for second-hand clothing for Belgian relief; had a war
lecture by Captain McQueen.

INDEX

Army of the World War, the, 321

"Audenarde," action at, 577

American Red Cross, 646; Buena Vista

County, 652; Junior Red Cross, 699;

report of branches, 663

Babies, 228

"Bellicourt," action at, 496

Civil War veterans, 225
Civilian workers, 260
"Cantigny," the action at, 438
"Chateau Thierry," the action at, first

phase, 441 ; second phase, 463
"Champagne," the' action at, 452
Council of defense, 724

Diplomacy of the World War, 287

Editorial foreword, 11

First Americans in line, 424
Financing the war, 704
Food Administration, 728
Farm bureau activities, 733
Fuel Administration, Th7

"Gold Stars," records and photographs,

15
Girls in war work, 258

Honor roll of Buena Vista county, rec-
ords and photographs, 35
"Hindenburg Line," action at the, 502

Italian battle front, action at, 495

Laying the background, 275
"Lost Battalion," the, 576
Liberty Loans, the, 705
Library Fund, the, 751

"Mt. Kemmel," action at, 461
"jMeuse-Argonne," action at. first

phase, 504; second phase, 534; third

phase, 555

Navy in the war, the, 608

"Ourcq," action at the, 459

Photographs of general interest, 229
Policy that failed, the, 315

"Siberia," action in, 431
"Soissons," action at, 455
"St. Mihiel,' action at, 467
Story in rhyme, 580

Trench warfare, 435

"Vesle river," action at the, 460
"\^erdun," action at, 531

World War, the, 411

War in 1918, the, 429

War Mothers, 756

War Savings Stamps, 711

War time spirit in Buena Vista county,

645
What constitutes a division, 594
Women's Council of Defense, 726

Knights of Columbus, 745

Y. M. C. A., 739

Treatment Date: uav 2001

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