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; SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
\\ .S, BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
; BULLETIN 107

KARUK INDIAN MYTHS

BY

JOHN P. HARRINGTON

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1932

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - * - a Price 5 cents

Neb Brag A

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Bureau or American ETHNOLOGY,
Washington, D. C., May 27, 1931.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a manuscript entitled
‘‘Kearuk Indian Myths,” by John P. Harrington, and to recommend
that it be published as a bulletin of the Bureau of American Eth-
nology. '
Very respectfully yours,
M. W. Sriruine, Chief.
Dr. C. G. ABBOT,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

Morrerirenl “varcoanrimd ©
Toor AOI to vaca fh
AGEL SO nhl. rotgaelaa i eae dae
holdin iqhanvedn a djiweied timege of waited a
Saopaiwonor of baw worgaing lt dol ad‘?

‘Att charivemd Yo unerratt ott nee a “

CONTENTS

‘cairn FD ors ee ee Te ae, ee RN ever CRETE S 2 ee. eed iyetee Pee
IG enn rete Se ee ite ak
MMM CONC OTP NLAIOeCNS => 2 ee 2 Be ae See ae mee Sea
iene tone rake at Garvart 2! 2 Ae ee ee eee

1

3

5

7

9

. How the girl got even with the man who made fun at her packing fire-- BE
13

19

3. Robin pecks the madrone berries off his bride’s dress__--.-----------

4

im Ewnibroqhersgo target. shooting. 2t)......2-43-.- to---Dones ba--2' =
SeebMedan COChOTS \UNIDIOUD E82. ae tie ee

7. Two girls apply for marriage with Spring Salmon-____--------------- 22
8. Coyote attends a flower dance at Orleans_____..------------------- 24
9. Coyote and Lizard ordain details about childbirth and babies - ------- 25
10. How Western Yellow-bellied Racer was transformed--------------- 27
i). Bioejay,and ; Bullbead.-doctor, Redfish». 1.1.02. ..6 <=, = see t= 28
12. Two Katimin maidens visit the Indian heaven ----_--------------- 31

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KARUK INDIAN MYTHS

By Joun P. Harrineton

INTRODUCTION

Indian myths are valuable as literature in direct proportion to the
faithfulness to the old style Indian linguistic form in which they are
told. Volumes of mythology distorted by being told loosely in
English will be of only secondary usefulness in the future, when
ethnology and mythology have become more exacting sciences. The
only proper method for recording mythology is to obtain the services
of a good mythologist and then to take down syllable by syllable in
his own language, with unrestrained literary freedom, the story as
he tells it, and as nearly as possible as he heard it from those a little
farther back in the lines of elders.

These ideal conditions were fulfilled in the following series of texts.
Caught exactly as naturally dictated by Mrs. Phoebe Maddux,
Indian name ’?Imk’4nva’*n, meaning Wild Sunflower Greens Gatherer,
65-year-old full-blood Indian woman of the Karuk Tribe of north-
western California, they not only constitute Karuk as it is spoken
and narrated, but Karuk literature, which when its syllables are
analyzed and the exquisite force and balance of the elements appre-
ciated, ranks well with the literature of any language.

The Karuk, whose name means ‘‘upriver’’ Indians, hold a stretch
of the central course of the Klamath, the most like the Columbia
River of any of California’s streams. Along the banks of the central
Klamath lived the Karuks, their villages of rows of well-built plank
houses hugging the stream. Here they knew and named every rock
and pool by the river, every gully and fallen tree upslope. With
customs leaning on those of the downriver Indians, the Yuruk, and
the somewhat more inaccessible Hupa, and with language on the
other hand distantly related to that of the upriver Indians, the Shasta,
neither of these relationships impressed the Karuk as it does the
white investigator, and they regarded themselves as something quite
sui generis, the one tribe who held the middle of the world and which
followed rigidly the mandates of the Ikxareyavs, the Indians who
lived in the country before the Karuk came and who have turned into

as

2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

birds, beasts, rocks, and ceremonies. Karuk myths have as their
dramatis personae largely these same Ikxareyavs. The time that the
Karuk came into the country and that the Ikxareyavs withdrew is
imagined to be only a few generations ago, and those myths which
do not deal with this ancient Ikxareyav status of the world usher in
with no less imagination mythic animals that still exist; we cite for
example the story of the long snake at Sarvafi (p. 7). |

Every little detail of nature was apt to be explained by myth.
Compare the exquisite story of the little acorn cups which were the
hats of the girl acorns of the various species when they came through
the sky. The story of Long Snake is a classic. Witness how Long
Snake eggs attract money, even as dinosaur eggs. And witness Mr.
Snake crawling riverward with only the top hoop of the baby basket
sticking out of his mouth to tell of his awful deed. Robin’s inordinate
appetite for madrone berries does not let him even spare his bride’s
dress. The Indian who with characteristic love of toughening the
body tried to go naked on a cold spring day is brought to terms in the
evening by the wood-gathering girl whom he ridiculed in the morning
for packing fire. Two brothers, who are jeered at because of their
poverty when they go target shooting, acquire untold property when
one of them is swallowed and spit forth by a snake at a sacred moun-
tain lake. Bluejay, the characteristic doctor, is detected at first
sickening and then curing her patients; the old Indian story of the
fee running away with the doctor. Two girls come to apply for
marriage with the rich and gay Spring Salmon, but another man
passes himself off for a salmon and thereby plays a terrible trick on
Salmon and on the girls; this story is told to make girls beware of
strangers. Coyote and his boys try various kinds of magic at an
Orleans dance. Coyote and Lizard, the two most humanlike animals,
the former because of his mentality, the second because of his hands,
tell how humans shall be born. Even the yellow-bellied racer snake
was once a powerful Ikxareyav and slipped about in a vicious way
when he snakized. Redfish was also a victim of the fee-seeking
doctors. And last in the list we have the touching story of how two
Katimin maidens visited the far-off Indian heaven, piloted by Katimin
village’s guardian spirit, ’A?ikré’¢n, the Duck Hawk, who lives on
top of Sugarloaf Mountain.

Thanks are due to Mrs. Phoebe Maddux and other Indians who
have helped in the getting and preparation of these myths, and to
Mr. M. W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology, for
his interest and assistance.

Unnasalized vowels:

1 a7 gl a a eae

Nasalized vowel:

-c lndint OE a hg ae

Diphthongs':

PHONETIC KEY

VOWELS

’Ara‘ras, people.

ye he, well!

pehéraha’, tobacco.

pihni‘ttcitcas, old men.

kohomay4‘te k6-, the right size.

4°60 ’ukr4:m, out in the lake.

h4:, yes. The only word that has a nasalized
vowel.

’uvirayvuti’, he is going around. ’Attay,
salmon eggs. ta’*y, much.

hé’°y, where?

’uyccarahiti’, it is mixed. ’“d'y, mountain.

CONSONANTS

Wamti’, he is eating. ? suf,

Kartim?i’'n, Katimin.

’akrah, eel.

’as, stone.
inside.
harinay, year.

xas, then. ’ux, itis bitter. ’axxak, two.
kari, then. ’u’Akkati’, it tastes.
yay, good.

tayav, all right. kunkupitti’, they do that
way. ’ittarh, to-day.
dakkinktnic, yellow. yi0@a’, one.
sAtum, pine roots. ’a’’s, water.
back (of body).
tu'ycip, mountain.

vassi’,

iccaha’, water.

1 w is represented in this paper by v, with the result that there are
no diphthongs having w or ‘‘u’’ as second element.

2 Does not occur long.
66788—32——2

4 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

Frontal—Continued.

Com Ue Oe es tea, let us go. pihni-ttcitc, old man.
Be eek et eg ’ara’*r, person.
"Sa Ca ee nu”, we. ’‘tnnuhitc, kidney.
Labial:
CCC) Sr ey OT pay, this. ’{fppi’, bone.
Dis Pal a ad tthe Sox fi00i’, foot. ’iffué, behind.
ee 7) Se vita, it is. ’Avan, male, husband. iv, to
die.
Mie WON Adele a oud ss ma’*?, heavy. ’&'m’ma, salmon.

4 Uu

un“

FIGURE 1.—The Karuk phonems

DIACRITICALS

Length:

Unmarked : short

* slong
Pitch:

’ :high

* :middle

‘ :low

*’ ; final atonic, lower than *‘

Seg SSSI STFS FUE ve en EEN ANIA MN

*r does not begin words, or double.
* Does not occur long.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 5

Level and falling tones:
Unmarked: short or level
~ :high or middle falling
~ : low falling
~ :low falling atonic
Additional marks:
. :inlaut form of ~
: rinlaut form of ,
:inlaut form of ,
:indicating detached pronunciation of t.s and t.c
. Indicating vowel nasalization

aw

1. Tue Acorn MAIDENS

104-n ’i'mkun va; ’[kxaré-yavsahanik paxuntéppan. Xds kinip-
per: “Teimi kivyicipré-vic, ké-vir é-k y4:matcashe;¢e pamik’un-
fapxa’*n, teimi kikvi-kvéna’*.” Kdrixas kunvikvana‘nik pamukun-
PApxa’*n.Kunpi'p: “K6é-vira hik ’apxény4:matcas ku’ixundttihvé’c.”
Teimaxmdéy vtra tcémya:te pakinippé’r: “Tcimi kivyi-cipri’.
Kéruma ya:stéra tt’i-nnic.”

Xds ’uzm Xén6i:p! piv ipbié pamuipxa’*n. Xas va: vur u’ii‘ssip
pamu’asipxdénnahite.

Kéru ’uzm Xtnydv ? pivatékkukanik pamipxa’*n. Xd4s va’ vir
é66xt-nnanik, ’u’frvrinanikite. T6é-p6fé@anik ’uma vira nik.

Xas ’Axvd:m® kité ’uzm vura tupikyé-néya‘tchanik pamu’Apxa’*n.
To ptékkikmaranik.

Ké4ru ’uzm Xénpu;t *’uzm kéru y4é'mate té‘kyav pamupxa”*n.

Kérixas Xunydv ’uppip: ‘‘Kinikini na: vira xun’yav, nik’Atava
na: pananipxa:n takikk*i-pptx.”’

Kérixas kunivyiciprénik. ’6°k yAsfaré-Oivéanné-n kuni-va‘y-
ramnihanik. Kérixas kunpi:p: “ Y4-stdéra’iin nu; kinpdttatihe’c.”’
*O-mkun kr Ikxaré-yavsahanik, ’G:mkun Péynanu’évahkam Vé-kxa-
ré-yavsahanik. Kunrdsimtcékti-hvanik xas pamukun?Spxa‘nnak kun-
pavpiré-mnihvanik pa’é'k *i0ivéA‘nné-n kuni-va‘yramnihanik. Vaz
kunkiphaé-nik Paxuntéppan. Kinfumyifhanik ’Axvé:m XdA4npu:t
xékka:n Xunydvri'n, hi-yi *Gi-mkun y4-matcas pamukun?dpxa’'n.
’'U’afitttnvanik. Viri ’i:m kunfimyihanik. ’Arara’in ptiv ictén-
tihap’ ’Axvi'm. Kéru ’u:m X4npu:t ’u:m kéru pu’amay4‘hara
karu vura sékri%y. Viri ’i:mkun vura pu’amayé hata, ’ikxdrdim-
kunicas paxi‘n. Kéru X4npt;t ’X:;m vira sdékri:v kér ikrav.

* Acorn of the black oak, Quercus kelloggit Newb.
Acorn of the tan oak, Lithocarpus densiflora H. and A.
° Acorn of the post oak, Quercus garryana Dougl.

* Acorn of the maul oak, Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.

6 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 107

*A-nvéka msahanik pakunf-va'yramnihanik picef'te. Xén0izp ’uzm
xuriphéka-mhanik. ’A*‘pun vura patakun?étcip péyvéhe’m. Vura
kari xuriphékka’*m. K6-vira 7104’i;¢ vura ’uxtriphahitihanik, pa’i-
féppi?t. Xas Xunydv tci-mite vura po’A4nvanik, ’ayu’a:te ’ixvi'p-
hitihanik, hi-yi ‘‘takikki-ppux pananipxa’*n.”’

Pakuni‘v6-nnihanik, ° ’A4pxa-nnak kunpavpira‘mnihvanik. Payém
vura kdri vari ’4pxd"nnak st? pamuktnra’*v.

1. Tae Acorn MaiIpEens

Once acorns were Ikxareyavs. Then they told them: “Ye are
going to go, ye must all have nice hats, ye must weave them.” Then
they started in to weave their hats. They said: ‘“‘Ye must all wear
good-looking hats.’”’ Then all at once they told them suddenly:
“Ye would better go! Human is being raised.”

Black Oak Acorn did not finish her hat. She picked up her big
bowl basket.

And Tan Oak Acorn did not clean her hat [did not clean off the
projecting straws from the inside]. She just wore it, she turned it
wrong side out. She finished it.

But Post Oak Acorn just finished her hat out good. She cleaned it.
Then Tan Oak Acorn said: ‘‘Would that I be the best acorn soup,
though my hat is not cleaned!”

Then they went. They spilled [from the Heavens] into Human’s
place. Then they said: ‘‘Human will spoon us up.” They were
Ikxareyavs too, they were Heavenly Ikxareyavs. They shut their
eyes and then they turned their faces into their hats when they came
to this earth here. That is the way the Acorns did. Tan Oak Acorn
wished bad luck toward Post Oak Acorn and Maul Oak Acorn, just
because they had nice hats. She was jealous of them. They wished
her to be black. Nobody likes to eat Post Oak Acorn. And Maul
Oak Acorn does not taste good either, and is hard. They [Post Oak
Acorn and Maul Oak Acorn] do not taste good, [their] soups are black.
And Maul Oak Acorn is hard to pound.

They were all painted when they first spilled down. Black Oak
Acorn was striped. When one picks it up on the ground it is still
striped nowadays. It is still striped. She was striped all over,
that girl was. But Tan Oak Acorn did not paint herself much, be-
cause she was mad, because ‘“‘my hat is not finished.”’

When they spilled down, they turned their faces into their hats.
And nowadays they still have their faces inside their hats.

° Ct. pakuni-vé-yrdmnihanik, when they spilled in.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 7

2. Tur Lone SNAKE AT Sarvati

PVép yidba pa’drazr vo'kipha nik, Sarvdrib?éra:r vo-kuiphanik,
uxxussa' nik: ‘Tik’énri-ffidvan.”? Xas ’u’i;mmanik ’asti‘p. Xds
xdnnahicite vur utird-y’va. Ydnava ké:n ’ur ud04-niv. Xds ixxts:
‘otf y&é-matcite pa’ttu.”” Xéra vura tudittivanik ’Apsunxarah?iru
vommiussahiti’, tudittivanik va; ké°k ’and-yav, ’ick’i"'t. Xds ’uw’é-
teip. Xds méruk ’u’é-6ra; ’inndé’*k. Xds yG-ram ’é? ki;k ’u’é-6’ma,
pahi:ttcak ’u6é4-nndm’ni. Va; kunkupafuhiccahiti pa’araré’u;zp va;
kunféhakkuve;e pa’titu. Xds uxxts: ‘Na; nixtit Apsunxarahriru.”’
Yav dir 6kyay. Tu’d&:ptin’ma. Xds wxxis: ‘Ptyéfydv.” Vura
*urm ta:y pé’cpuk pé-kké‘khiti’, vira ’uzm té-cki-tha’.

Teavura p&npay méhri't ’Gimmi'sti pa’itu. Ydanava tukitrahe’n.
Ydnava viira ’u:m y4&mate pokki‘nndémnihva’ ’Apstinfaram’ma.
Yaénava ’Apsinfanammahatc, mukininna:sitchanik. Vo‘pittihanik:
“Vura ’uzm yay, vira uzm yav pananikininna:site pdé-6ti-ttihanik.
U:m vira mispuk pédyéi'k takunixra’*m.

Teavura pA‘npay ’asiktéva;n té-kvat. Takkétc Pa’4psun. Y6--
ram ’& ?wdkkiériv, pahi-ttcak ’u’4kkiéc4mnihva’. Vura tazy ’u’4'-
mti’, ’4-ma karu vur u’4'mti’, Pa’dpsun, pufitcrize haru vura kun?ék-
kihti”. Vura takkétc Pa’d4psun. Tcavura p&npay pamuhréh
axi:te to 00inndti’. Taxxdr é6:kri; Pa’fpsun. Kumakke’tc, kumék-
ke:te Pa’4psun, kikku:m ’im’4:n kumékké:citc. Y6-ram vur 6°kri’.
P&npay kinic takunvi‘ha’. Takké:tchiruray. ’U'm vira tupihta-n-
vuti pa’dvaha’, pa’amvé'vaxra ’u:m viira tupihta-nviti iinn4’*k.

Kéru ’uzm pa’asiktévazn *ukri; ’i-nn4’*k, va; vura x4kka:n kun-
fi:zn Pa’fpsun, kéru paxxite.

Teavura ’i04:n kumaméhrit tdé‘kvi'tha’ payenipaxvithitc, @axti'-
yak té‘kvi-tha’, xds ’ixxts pa’asiktéva’*n: ‘‘Ti ’iccaha’ kaniktdvan.”
Tékvi'tha paxxi'tc. Xds ’ahindmti-mite ’ukséppic. X4s ’uv4:tam.
Pa’dévansa ’uzm ‘ikmahdtcra;m ’Gkri?, Tcavura tcé*mya;:tc vura
*ick*’ vira nik po’éhu”, vuira nik ’ick’i po’éhu”. ’Axmdy ktnic
*axxak,’, teim W’Iponé’*c, musé’kukamitc tuw’ippahu”™. Viri payéi:m
pay uktpha’. Viri k*tina vir uptdtcyt-nfak Pa’dpsu"n. Ydnava
pamuskt‘nnaéva kite ’uhydrippa'ti pamtipmannak. Viri vira
yi:v stiva po‘nnt‘vha’ po'pick’a:kkiri peck’é-ccak Safvarik’us4:m.
Nik ukvirippini pa’asiktéva ’*n. ’Uxxi's: ‘“’Ikki:tce ’upikyi:mnupa -
Vic ’astip.”’ Yo'nnt‘vha po‘pick’a:kktri Pa’4pstinxéta. Hinupa
’uzm vura va; toxvirip paxxitc. Hinupa va; ta’ifutcti-mitc,
ick’é-ccak to‘pv4-ram mukrivra’*m. ’Ayu’4tc takké’*tc. Vura ’ip
k’aru ké-vira ’u’dvecat pa’éra:r “inna’*k. Pdva; kininndsite
kuniky4'n’nik, Pa’apsunx4ta.

8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

2. Tue Lona SNAKE aT Sarvati

Long ago a person did thus, a person of Sarvari, ® thought: ‘‘T’ll
go swimming.” Then he got to the river’s edge. Then he was look-
ing around. Behold an egg was lying there on the sand. Then he
thought: ‘‘What a nice-looking egg.”” He had heard for a long time
what a Long Snake egg looks like, that that is the kind which is
medicine, isluck. Then he picked it up. Then he carried it upslope
to the living house. Then he put it on the bench above the yé-tam,
he put it in an Indian trunk. They claim that Indian belongings
will come to the egg. He thought: ‘I think it is a Long Snake egg.”
He fixed it up good. He knew [that that was the kind], and he
thought: ‘‘How good.”’ He was winning a lot of money all the time,
he was lucky.

Then after a while one morning he looked at the egg. Behold it
was hatched out. Behold there was sitting in there [in the Indian
trunk] a baby snake. Behold a little snake, that was his pet. He
used to say: ‘‘He is good, he is good, my pet,” when he was gambling.
That [snake] was his money whenever they bet on the other side.

Then after a while he bought a woman. The snake was already
getting big. It was coiled on the yétam bench, coiled up in an
Indian trunk. It ate lots of food, salmon too, they fed it deer meat
too. That snake was already getting big. Then after a while his
wife gave birth to a baby. The snake lived there a long time. The
snake was getting bigger all the time, every day it was bigger. It
lived in the yétam. After a while they got to hate it. It was
getting too big. It helped itself to the food, to the dried salmon
in the house it helped itself.

And the woman lived in the house, she stayed in there with that
‘snake, and the baby too.

Then one morning the little girl was asleep, she was asleep in the
baby basket, and the woman thought: ‘“J’ll go and get water.”
The baby was asleep. Then she stood [the baby basket] up by the
fireplace. Then she went. The man was in the sweathouse. She
hurried along fast, she hurried. All at once it was like there was a
noise, she had not got back yet, she was coming back close below the
house. Then she did thus [glanced] down river direction. Then
behold the snake was going down slope. Behold only its [the baby’s]
head hoop [the top hoop of the baby basket] was sticking out of its
[the snake’s] mouth. Then there was a booming noise heard afar as
it jumped into the river, down slope of Safvéti. The woman ran
downslope. She thought: ‘‘Maybe it [the baby] fell back out by
the river.”” It made a big booming sound as it jumped in. It was
that it swallowed that baby. That was the last of it, it went to its

8 A place a little down river of Ishipishrihak.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 9

home in the river. It was getting big. And it could have eaten up
all the people in the house. They had made a pet out of it, out of
that Long Snake.

3. Rosin Pecks THE Maprone Berrizs Orr His Bripr’s Dress

’Ukni-. ’Atahdriva kun?éra;rahiti’.

’U:m vira va; kite ’ukupitti’ pé-phikirf-hvuti’ tcizpakpa:k ’ikma-
hétcra*m. Tcavura p&npay kunippé’r: ‘“Técé:;mkirap.” X4s
*’uv6'nsip, *ikmahdtcra:m viira, x4s ’uihivrik, xfs ’uppip: ‘Fat
kuma yaffus?”’ Xas ’uppi‘p: ‘‘Xanvatydffus.”” Xas ’uppi:p: “Ptr
hara, kamipv4‘rami.”’

Xas kikku;m ’upikvi'tpa’. Kuikku:m ’axmdy ’ér utni-pni térup-
pakarh. Xas ktkku:;m ’uppi'p: “Té-cé:m kiftap.” Xés uppi'p:
“W4:t kuma ydffus?” Xas uppip: ‘ Yuxdardnydffus.” ‘‘Pihata,
kimipvérami.” 7 ‘Teém. Kamipv4-rami.”’

Tedvira kikku:m ’axmdéy k*’tékku;m ’ér utniéi-pni’. Kikku;m
kunippé’r: ‘“Té:cé;mkirap.” °Ukvithiti’. X&s kikkuzm ’uppi‘p:
“Fat kuma yéffus?” Xds ’uppip: ‘“’Axytsyéffus.” ‘Kamfpv4--
rami.” Kukku;m ’upikvi‘tpa’.

*Axmay kikkuz;m kunippé’r ’4r utnié-pni’, kikku;m kunippé’r:
“Té-cé:mkitap.” Xds ’uppip: “Fé:t kuma ydffus?” ‘“’Ipayyéf-
fus.” ‘‘Pé&hata, kamipv4-rami.”

Kukkuzm ’axmdéy ’fr utnicpni’. Kunippé’r: “Té-co:mkirap.”
“Wé:t kuma yaéffus?” Xds uppip: ‘Uruhsaydffus.” ‘Pé-hata,
kaémipvaé‘rami.” ‘‘Teér.”’

Xds kikkuzm ’axmay ’fr utné‘pni’, x4s kunipé’r: ‘‘Té-co:mkirap
kikku"m.” Xds ’uppip: “Fa:t kuma yéffus?”’ Xds ’uppi‘p:
“Séprukydffus.” ‘‘Pfithata, kamipva:rami.” ‘“Tc#rh, kamipva--
rami.”

Xas kikkuzm ’axmay ’ar utnfi:pni kikku”m, xds ’uppi:p: ‘“‘Té--
co;mkirap. “Itxdé:rihvi’.” Kas ’uvénsip. X4s uppi'p: ‘“F4:t kuma
yaffus?”” Xas ’uppi:: ‘‘Kusripicydéffus, ’Axkunicyéffus.”’ Xs ’uy-
vé-nsip. “Te#érh. Va; ’uim pén nixxtti’: kfri nanihré-ha kiusripicy-
éffus.”” Kdrixas ’upvénnupuk. 7f:nné: kt:k ’u’ipma’, ydnava
*inné*k pamuhré-ha’. Hinupa va; tcim w’ivit.curé:vic pamuyéffus.
Hinupa ’u;m tcim u’4vezc pamuydffus. Tcdvira ké-vir ’uddfipcur
pakusrippic pamuhré-ha muyédffus. Xas ukx*f-peip. Tcizpakpa:k
xas ukx"{‘peip. Tcizpikpa:k ’ukipha-nik.

Payvahi;m vira kari vo’aé-mti payvéhi;m vira kar uvicta‘nti’,
pakusrippic.

Kupdnnakanakana’.

Tceé-mya;te ik vira ’Atéytctikkinate *1’G-nntprave’c. Tcé-mya;te
ik vira “Icy4t *imci-nna;vic. Nanivdssi va; ’ik’inay4’*tc.

The announcing man answers this.

10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107
3. Rosin Pecxs THE Maprone Berrises Orr His Bripr’s Dress

Ukni. Once upon a time they were living.

He was just doing that way all the time, sweating himself, Robin, in
the sweathouse. Then after a while they told him: ‘“‘Someone has
come to marry you.” Then he [Robin] got up, he was inside and
answered, then he said: ‘‘What kind of a dress?”’ Then he [the
announcer] said: “‘A clam dress.”’ Then he [Robin] said: ‘No;
let her go home.”

He went back to sleep again. Again somebody all at once looked
in through the sweathouse hatchway. Then he [the announcer] said
again: ‘‘Someone has come to marry you.” Then he [Robin] said:
“What kind of adress?’’? Then he [the announcer] said: ‘‘ An abalone
dress.”’ ‘‘No; let her go home.” ® ‘Allright. Let her go home.”

Then later again all at once somebody looked in. Again he [the
announcer] said: ‘‘Someone has come to marry you.” He was sleep-
ing. Then again he [Robin] said: ‘‘What kind of a dress?” Then
he [the announcer] said: ‘‘A Digger pine nut dress.” ‘‘Let her go
home.’”’ He went back to sleep again.

Then all at once again somebody told him, looking in, again some
one told him: ‘“‘Some one has come to marry you.” Then he
[Robin] said: ‘‘What kind of a dress?” ‘‘A juniper seed dress.”
“No; let her go home.”

Again all at once somebody looked in. They told him: ‘‘Some-
body has come to marry you.” ‘‘What kind of a dress?”” Then he
[the announcer] said: ‘‘A disk-bead dress.” ‘‘No; let her go home.”’
“All right.”

Then again all at once somebody looked in, and said: ‘‘Somebody
again has come to marry you.” Then he [Robin] said: ‘What kind
of a dress?” Then he said: ‘‘An olivella dress.” ‘No; let her go
home.” ‘‘All right, let her go home.”

Then again all gt once somebody looked in again, and said: ‘“‘Some-
body has come to marry you. Wake up!” Then he [Robin] said:
“What kind of a dress?’ Then he [the announcer] said: ‘A
madrone-berry dress, a red dress.”? Then he [Robin] got up. “All
right. That is all I am thinking: I want my wife to have a madrone-
berry dress.’”’ Then he went out. He went back to the living house;
he saw his bride was in the house. He kept pecking off of her dress.
He was eating her dress. Then he ate off all the madrone berries
from his wife’s dress. Then he flew up. Robin then flew up.
Robin did this.

Robin still eats it, Robin still is fond of it, madrone berries.

Thus ends the story. Spring up early, Spring Cacomite. Shine
early, Spring Salmon, hither upriver. My back is straight.

§ The announcing man answers this.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS ll

4. How tHe Girt Got Even Wits tat Man Wuo Mabe FwN at
Her Packine Fire

Ké:n tuw’drihra: ’iféppi:t “fpputtatc, ’ahup ’uttiranti’ ’u’d-hti
ka’jtu.e ’Axmaéy yi'm’ar w’rihra’*. X4s ’uhydrihic, xas ’imm’u'sti’.
?A? véri kunic ’wé6ti pdmu’akkavékkit.° Xas ’uppip: ‘“Fa;t
kumé’i'i pe’a‘hti’?”” Kas ’uppip: ‘’A00i:k né’i-mti’.” “’AN’:, pik-
véhva-hvénate ’uktah4:kviti’, hum kip ’ar w’ahti’, him kéru ’ara
*400i:k ’u’i-mtfhe’c. Na; ’Amé-kyd‘razm tanivdtam. ?A-ma to-ppax
*Amé‘kyé:ra’*m.”) ?Uksa-hti’, vira ’uksa‘hti’, ’utdkkd-nti po’a:hti’.
Xas *u’dribr6”°v. Xas pa’asiktévain ’uzm kéru méruk wArihra’*.
*Ahup t6é-ttitar.

Tc4vira m4-mvdnnihite tu’4hu". Xas ’af uturatti’. ‘“Ydanava
tcim ’upaérihe’c, tupikxanampdya‘tcha’.”” Xas ’uppip: “’I-, kir
upééri’, °i, kir ukydttuni.” !! Xas té-kyav pa’dhup. Ta’ittam
’upara-mvahé:n ’upaddékvatstru”. Tcavura pa npay to‘kytittuni,
tahé-mput,” ké-te to-kytttuni tahé-mput. ’Ahka:m té-kyav pa’ifap-
pi't, pa’d4hup ’uky4:ttihirak ’4hka:m té-kyav. Xas uxxus: ‘“Ku-
mate:tcvannihitc xas ik nipvé‘nnihé’c.’”’ Va; vura kite xis ’u’iruvo'ti
pa’dvansa. ’Uxviphfinnicti’: ‘Hi ’ip tanatdékkdvat? Ta’ip ’up-
pat: ‘Kimate:te ’6-k ni’ippaho-vic, tuvékkuti’.’ ”’ ’Uxxus: ‘‘ Minik
’ata tcim w’ippake’c.”’ X4s ’Gptinsip. Ndssakan vari té-kydttuni.
Xas ’w’Sho'ti’. Kuikkuzm vira vo'p&hsip pa’a”*h, po’pvé'n’nil, vura
vo’é‘hti ’4ssipak. Karu pa’ahup ’utinti’. .

Tcimaxmay mu iffud ’ixxak. ’Amay ’thyiv: ‘‘Tcim ihyérihic,
maté ntttci:phi’.”” Xds ’uhydrihic. Xas ’uppip: ‘‘Tcimi yav
né‘kyav, tcimi ’A*-h ikyav. Tanippi‘mcayv.% Xas ’tiksa: pa’asiktd-

° Or: ’wWé:hti k’4ru.

10 ‘With the base of it held forward, as a rich man does.

1 She was just hoping it would rain or snow, so that the man would
feel ay and cold as punishment for having laughed at her for pack-
ing fire.

i Lit., snow meal. That kind of snow piles up quickly.

13'The man was wearing only his arrowwood armor to keep him
warm, and it was late and cold. But the same man would have
started out again naked the next day, the narrator commented.
Kiukku;m vura va; fitta:k ’uvé:rame’’c po‘sippaha*k. Kukku:m
vura hé-y virav uvé‘ramé”c *im’4:nkam. Puxay vura térahe‘cara,
nik atava x4's tapif'mcav. Va: vira kikku:m ’ukuphé’e, va; vura
kikku;m ’ukupavtra‘yvahe;c ’i-ckipate. Vura ’u;mkun kunxitti yav
panukupé fyikkahiti’, Pufa:t vura in [4°t kinfdésa'vaeé-cap papi’ép
va’dra'ras: He will go some place again when morning comes. He
will go some place again the next morning. He will not stop for
that, though he nearly got frozen to death. He will do it again that
way, will go around again that way, naked. They used to think it
was good to go around that way. Nothing could make those old-
time Indians wear clothes.

66788—32——3

12 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

va’n. Xas ’uppi'p: “ Pikvéhva‘hvénate ’uktahé:kvuti’ hum kip ’ar
upi:medimti’. V6é-mkip kari ’4r upi-medmti’. Hory if ’ata té-pi-mecav,
na: nixtti ’ipikca-yviti’.”” “Tcimi ’azh ikyav. ’6°k ’axvé-xéra
nickiruhti’. Tcimi va; kumé4’i’i ’Az:h ikyav. ’6°k nick’truhti ’axva--
xéta.” “P&hara.” ‘’6-k ni’&:phiti pihy4-ke'rapadraé-m’var.”
Xas ’uppip: “Pihara.” “Tcimi man va; nuédrihi panani’aka-
vakkit, ké-vira passu?, va, vura ké-vira nu’ékkihe’*c.” “Pi hara.”
“Teimi man pananimvi;zr, Ické-c?ateip.” “ “Pihara.” ‘’6O- kéru
va: ni’avikvuti yuhitim.” ‘“Péhara.” “Tcimi man pananippa's-
saha’, tcimi ma nu’é pananippé‘ssaha.” “Pihata.” “Tcimi man
nuhr6-hahi’ x4‘t ik né-hri-6vaha’.” ‘‘Tcimi man ’a;h kanikyav.”
Taittam ’A:h ukyd:he’n, ’a’*h. Ta’ittam ’uppimkythe’n.” Tcé-
vura tayav, tupimkyuhdya-tcha’.

Xas kunpiy4:tam, Xavndmnihite,"® pamukrivra;m pa’asiktéva’n.
Téhri-évaha’, mukrivra:m vuira kun?inne’c. Vura_ tu’d-tcitca,
ikeakite. Xas kunfipma’. Ptiyava ’u:m ’ukippha'nik Xavynamni-
hitcasiktéva’*n.

4. How tHe Girt Got Even wits tHE Man Wuo Maps Fun at
Her Pacxina Fire

The girl was walking up to Ipputtatc; she was going for wood, and
she was packing along fire at the same time. Then all at once she
saw somebody down river coming in upslope direction. Then he
stopped; he looked. He was packing his quiver holding it high up.
Then he said: ‘‘What are you packing fire for?” Then she said:
“T am cold.” ‘‘What, the quail is already hollering, and nobody is
carrying fire, nobody will feel cold. {He was laughing as he said this.}
lam going up to Amekyaram. They are catching salmon already at
Amekyaram.”’ He was laughing, he was just laughing, he was mak-
ing fun of her packing fire. Then he went on upriver. Then the
woman too went on upslope. She was going to get wood.

Then she walked upslope a little way. Then she looked up in the
air. ‘Behold it is going to rain. It is all clouded over.’’ Then she
thought: “Oh, I wish it would rain; oh, I wish it would snow.”
Then she made the wood. Then she was chipping off dry fir bark
with a wedge. Then after a while it was snowing, dry snow; it was
snowing a big fall of dry snow. The girl made a big fire there, where
she was making the wood. Then she thought: ‘Just a little later
now and I will go downslope.” All she could think about was that
man. She was mad at him because “Why did he laugh at me? That
fellow said: ‘I will be passing through here on my way back this

1 Meaning in the middle of the river.

® Gesture to show him exposing the different parts of his body in
turn to the fire.

6 The former rancheria at the Knudsen place.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 13

evening, at sundown.’”’ She thought: “I guess he is about coming
back.” Then she put the load on her back. The snow was up to
her ankles. She was walking along. She carried the fire back again
as she went back downslope; she was carrying it in her bowl
basket. And she had the wood, too, on her back.

Then all at once there was a noise behind her. All at once he
hollered: “Stop, I want to talk with you.’”? Then she stopped.

Then he said: ‘‘Do something good for me, make a fire for me. I
am cold.’”’ Then the woman laughed. Then she said: ‘‘The quail
is hollering; nobody ever feels cold. Nobody feels cold. You are
not cold, I think you are telling a story.” ‘‘Make a fire for me. I
am carrying here in my hand a head-cut of a salmon. Make me a
fire for that. J am carrying here in my hand a head-cut of a salmon.”
“No!” “T have here a pair of hair club bands with woodpecker
scalps on it.’”” Then she said: ‘‘No!” ‘Well then, I will give you
my quiver, and all that is inside of it, all that I will give you.” ‘‘No!”
“‘T will give you my fishery, Ickecatcip.” ‘No!’ “I am carrying

inside here a flint knife.’”’ ‘No!’ ‘Well then, my armor, I will
give you my armor then.” ‘‘No!’’ ‘Well then, let me marry you
then, you can make a slave out of me.” ‘Well then, I will make a

fire.” Then she made a fire, a fire. Then he warmed himself.
Then he was all right, he warmed himself thoroughly.

Then they went home, to Xavnamnihitc, to the woman’s house.
She had him for her slave, they were going to live at her house. She
was happy, she was laughing all the time. Then they got home.
That is what Xavnamnihitc-woman did.

5. Two Brotruers Go Tarcet SHOOTING

Kunéittiv yizm tésriv tipfha’s. ‘“Tcé'ra nusrivan,” kunippé’,
“tce6ra nusrivan.”?” Xas kuniydtam. Puxay vira ’4vap. Takuni-
crivar.

X4s kun?-‘im. Térsriccip. Xdra vira kinfmm’i'sti’?. ’Axmdy
yidda ’6°k ’u’4rihira’, pakunfiruvé-hrivitak. Xas ’uppip: ‘If ky4--
nimitcas kisrivarukkahe’n? ’6:k ’uzm ’uhkirippux pw’icrimtihata.
Nu, ’6°k ’ukirippuxsa pw’icrimtihap. K6-vura ’uhkirdyyfras va: xas
nusrimti’. “’E-y,” xas uppi'p pakké"te, “‘teé-ta, teimi nupiya-tam.”

Xas kunpiyétam. Xas ’uxrar pakké*te. Tcdvira kun?i‘pma karuk
mukunikrivra’*m. Kari vur ’uxrdratti’. “Puya ’if k’4rim takinip-
pé”r.”’

Xas ’uppip: “Mit niditti:mvé tihat, ’Sra:r ’uyd's’ara-rahé:c porx-
xttiha*k, to-ppé:tvéraha;k pa’tkra’*m, ’Ara:r ’U’ipamv4-nnatihi-
ré‘kra"*m. Tecdvira ’itrdhyar takunpikvéc, ko-v o‘har4é:mmanik,
Kari vari vura ’uxrératti. ké-v o’aharf-mmanik. Xas kari ’uppi'p,
‘Inn4-k ’upvé-nfituk, xas ’uppi‘p: ‘Nu; tcimi yi:v nuyd-rame”c,

14 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

teimi yizv nu; méruk nuppé‘tvaré’”’c, hé-y virava uttdé:nvaha’*k,
k6é-va tana’ahdra’*m.”’

Taittam po'sippa'ha’, ta’ittam kuny&ramahé’n. X4s ’uppi'p:
“Tejmi némm’i'stihé:e *ik vita.” Xuzn kite takun?4mkinva.
Xas kunyd4:ram kunfého'ti vita. Tcdvira tayi-v, tedvura yizv
takun?éhu”. Xas pakun?iffukuvra; yanava s4m pa’tkra:m ’u’i‘6ra’.
Tékunfi'm. Viri vo‘kupitti kipimnak ” pa’tkra;m po-’i-6ra’. Kipim-
nak po’’i‘éra’. Viira ’uzm tu’4y paninarhitc. Xas ’uppi'p pakké”tc:
“Na: vira puna’avichara.”” Kas ’uppip: “Teimi ’6-k vur ékri’,
itré:p ik ’6-k ’ikvécrihé’*c. Pdvira puné-pma:htiha’*k, ’6°k ik vira
ikré-vic. Manik ni’ippake’c.”’

Xas ’wrihk’ar pa’ikra’*m. P6°drihk’at, xas ’u’th ® pa’iccaha’.
*Aratvaraffa;:s ’wifittineip, po’drihk’ar. Xas pani‘namite ’dkvip.
Xas pa’iccaha vura kéte Wh. Xas vd; vira ké:n ’ukréi‘nti pani-
nathitc. ‘’Itré-p ’ik ’6k ’ikvécrihé’c, napdéppimtihé:cik ’ukném-
tim’mite,” vé-ppéranik pamitttca’s. ’Uzm viira hitiha:n ’updp-
pimti’.

Tcdvira va; kérita ’itré-p tusippa-ha’, xds méh?fi't ydé:n vir
umtardénnaé mhiti’, ki;n ’w’uzm ’umiissar po‘kraémti’'m, Xas ’updp-
piv pamutippa’ ’updppiv. Ydanav tupivaxrdhicrihe:n pa’iccaha’,
paké:n ’wirm. Ydnava vira ’u;m ta:y pa’ahuptunvé'ttcas va;
ké:n po‘knémti-m’mite. ’Atdva kukkuzm ’u’the:n pa’tkra’*m,
mupicci’'p. Xas tcim upvaéppiré:ppidvé;c pa’ikra’*m, yénava ké:n
*udA'niv sah?ahupnihitc, ya4nava ké:n ’uddn’niv, ’drimk’tnic *udd:-
n’niv. Xas ki:k ’u’i'm, y4nava kari vari vura nik ’4:vahat, po-déffie.
Taittam xu;n ’upiktavérahe:n paninashitc, pamukve'crihra:m ké:n
*upiktivar paxxi'n. Ta’ittam va; ’iyva'yk’aravaéahé:n paxxicn,
pamutipp’. Xas ’utct:pha’, pamutipp utcuphirn’nic ’uppi‘p: “Tani-
*jppak, ’Apsunxarahvicva'nak tanipdramsi‘priv. Xas ’ippat; pax-
xf‘n, pamt’ati. ’Uppip: ‘Tanaxtriha’.” 7I@asippa; vura kaé:n
kunfi'n. Teavura kikku;m va; k4:n kunpikvécri’. Xé&kkan vira
xuskaé-mhar kun?aé-phuti’.

Xas po‘méh/i'tha kunpi'p: ‘“Tcé:ra tcim’mi, teé-ra teimi nupiy4:-
rami.’”’ Xas yd:n vura ’fi:mukite kunfippahé;ti’, yénava ké:n
*uhydri puffitctahko’®. Ta’ittam kunkinnihk’ahé’n. Xas kik-
ku;m yi;miusite takun?ippaht”, yanava ké:n ’uhydri ipmi’if. Ta’it-
tam va; kikku;m kunkinnihk’ahé’n. Xas kikku;m yi:mistic
takunrippahu”, ydnava k4:n ’uhydri *ipPda:-hkinic. Xas kikku;m
yi;musite takunfippahu”, yaénava k4é:n ’ipd4mtazp ’uhydéti. Pavura

17 Or: kipikx4ram.
Or: "aif:

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 15

k6é6° papt'fite kunimiussahiti viri va; vura kuni-k’anafipdya‘tcha pa-
kunippahé.ti’.”

Viri vo-kupitti tayizntsite kunfippahu”, tcavura ké:vira kuni'-
k’anafipdya-tch’ pavura ké- kumé‘tevi’iv, ’iktakatakkahe’’n,” kitat,”!
*atevivk’a’*m,” vékka”’r,* ké6-vira kumétevizv va’ vira kuni‘kyana-
fipéyatcha’, pavura ké- kumamahiatevi’iv. Tapukunic ’ah6é-tihap,
takun’ipce’*k. ’Umuk*itemahite kunpikve'crithvutihanik, pekun-
eippaho'tihanik. Va: kum4’i’i pattazy ’atevi'v kuni‘kk’at, pdmit va;
kunfahéra‘m’mat, pamit va; kinippe‘rat: ‘‘Pu’6°k ’icrivé-cap ’uhki-
ri: ppuxsa’,’”’ ’Axakvuhvuhdsa‘nva va; k6é6: kunséruk pakunfippak.
Pakun?ého'ti’, patapukunnihk’4pha”*k, pektakatékkahe’n, pak-
ktirat, karu vura pe‘ktakatikkahe’n,™ pamukun?idva-yk’am ’atcvi-
vrin xas téktnrax,” ké-va ’icki:t pakunrého ti’.

Viri pakun?i‘pma’, vura paké: kumé‘tevizv pakunéédvatti’. Pa’-
ara:r pakunipméhavrik, yénava kundadvatti pavura ké° kumafftrax
karu vura pavura ké- kumémma”’*n. Vura kunpiéku‘ypirin pakun-
fippak, vura kunxtitihanik pakké‘te ’uzm héry ’if ’u’ippake’c.

Xas ’imm’dé'nkam ’axmay tay pa’drazr kunivyfhuk. Xas kunpi‘p:
“Yaki-krakktpap idtit.”” Puxay fuhi-ctihap payi:v tuparamsip.

Xas kunpi‘p: ‘“‘Tcém.” Karixas kuni6titvana’*. Viri kuna vura
taxdnnahicitc pavura ko: kumé’uzp muvdssihk’am to‘krittu’, pé-c-
puk.”*

Hinupa vira va; tcimihe;c kukku:m ’im’4;:n takin?a-kkup petit.
Iman kikkuzm yidkin kuniétittartkti’. Hfnupa pay vira va;
tcimi kinfaktipottihé:c pé-6tit. *16é-cya; vura ké-viira stippa; kuni6-
ti'tvana'ti’. Tcavura pai‘npay yid0a pamukunrikrivra;m vura té-xyar
pamuktnru”p, pakunk6-khitt. Pay k’t kéru ’u'm ’upitti: “ Yaxé-k
viira na; nitciffittce’c.” Va; kan: té-6vava Ly eee pamukun-
tikrivra:m patipdha’’s, ’Aftédtam. Pavura k6é; pa’fttihar, pavura
k6; kumé’u"p. Teadviira va; k6é-viira yittca;te kunikyafipiya tcha
pa’arara’ti”™p, pakunké‘khiti’. *Im’4-n kikku;m yi kuna’in takun-

” Skins of white, black, red, and gray deer are said to have been
of equal value in primitive times. Va; vura kit tci-mite ’u’é-rahiti’,
pavura pufitc?imya:t ’imy4-thitiha’*k, that only is cheap which is
just the ordinary color of the deer.
oi = side western pileated woodpecker, Phlaetomus pilaetus picinus

ang

ai The California woodpecker, Balanosphyra formicworus bairdr
Ridgway.

* The California condor, Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw).

*3 The southern bald eagle, Halhaeétus leucocephalus leucocephalus
(Linnaeus).

*4 Not a mistake or mere repetition, but volunteered this way to
show the richness of the scarlet-bearing birds.

*6 Birds of prey came and killed for the travelers the woodpeckers
which their arrows missed.

6 The winnings at Indian cards are piled back of the winning side.

16 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

P&:kkup. Paéy ku; kéru ’uzm upitti: “Yaxé-k vuira na; nitciffit-
te’’c.”’ Pufuhi-ctihap payizv tuparamsi‘pré-n’nik. Tcavura puffat-
fin teifffi‘ttcap. P4:npay vura ’asiktavanru;p tépazn takun?ixra‘m-
miti’. Tcavura ’axakrikrivra:m ’uxyazr pa’araré’u"p. Va; ko’
kunké:kha ’axakrikrivra:m ’uxyazr pa’araré’u™p.

Teavura ydntcizp ta’ittam kdikku;m kunicrivarahe*n. Vura
furaxmtrax xas pamukunrihkir. Puxay vura kinic kinteupht‘n-
nicap, takunfahéra:m pamita’in kinippérat: “Pu’ék ’icrivé-cap
*uhkiri-pux.” Pumit kétcri-khara ’Aftatam, pe‘tcivtcanénfanam-
mahate. ’Axxa kite mit vur ’uvumné-t pe‘krivra’*m, pamitva |
nimm’dhat, karu yid0 ikmahdtcra’*m. Viri va; kunipitti payém va;
ké:n taptffa’t pa’dra’*r. Viri va; vura ké-vira pakunpé-rinpanik,
ké-vira yd'staraérashanik va; mukuniffiéhanik. Vura ’u;mkun
kunpihni‘tchanik xas pakunfivan’nik, va; vura ’4xxak. Mita nanit-
ta’*t ’ummiahanik ’axak?idk’ixxdta, paiva; kari va’idk’axxdérahanik,
paiva; pamukun’iék’axxdrahanik pa’aficnihdnniteas. Karu na; mit
nimm’éhat ya‘srara'ras ’4xxak pihni‘ttcitcas, ’Aftarampihni-ttcitcas.

Va; kunkupha‘n’nik ’Aftaramfaficnihannitcas. Pamuktta;t ’i-n

kunfivintihanik, ’uxtssa-nik: ‘‘Hé-y if u’*ppake:e yiéea’.”’

5. Two Brorsers Go Tarcet SHOOTING

The two brothers heard the target shooting. ‘‘Let us target
shoot,” they said, ‘‘let us target shoot.”” Then they went. They
ate no breakfast. They went to target shoot.

Then they got there. They had just started to target shoot.
They looked on at them for a long time. Then all at once one of
them [the target shooters] came over, to where they [the two boys]
were standing. Then he said: ‘‘What can such poor fellows have
come down for? One who has no woodpecker scalp headband on does
not target shoot here. They do not come to us here if they have no
woodpecker scalp headband on. When we are all with woodpecker
scalp headbands on, it is then that we target shoot.’”’ ‘‘Yes,” the
oldest one then said, ‘‘Let us go, let us go back.”

Then they [the two boys] went back home. Then the older one
burst into tears. Then they got back to their living house upriver.
He was crying yet. ‘It was so bad what they told us.”

Then he said: “I have heard of it before, that anybody will get
rich if he wants to, bathing in the lake, in the Lake of the Place
where the Person Eats Himself.” After 10 nights he felt so ashamed,
he still was crying, he was so ashamed. Then he said, he went in
the living house and then he said: ‘‘ We are going to go a long way,
we are going to go to bathe a long way upslope, I do not care if we
die anywhere, I am so ashamed.”

Then when morning came, then they went. Then he said: “You
must be watching for me.” They took nothing but acorns along.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 17

Then they went, they traveled. Then they were far; they walked
far. Then when they got up on top of the ridge, behold down slope
the lake was lying. Then (from the ridge) down there they saw the
lake. They reached there. And it was this way, black, that the lake
was lying. Black it was lying. The younger brother was afraid of
that lake. Then the older one said: ‘‘I am not going to be afraid of
it.”’” Then he said: ‘‘Come on, you must stay here. You must stay
here five nights. Though it be that you do not see me any more,
you must stay here. I’ll come back.”

Then he jumped into the lake. When he jumped in, then the
water rose. It boiled up riled when he jumped in. Then the younger
one ran from there. Then the younger brother was just waiting
there. ‘‘For five nights you must be looking for me beside the lake,”
that is what he had told his younger brother. He was steadily look-
ing for him.

Then when it was about to be five dawns, then in the early morn-
ing when one could first see, he went to look beside the Jake. He
was looking for his brother. Behold that water had already gone
down, when he got there. Behold there were lots of pieces of wood
[lying] there on the shore of the lake. The water had already raised
again before he got there.” He was about to skirt the lake, when
behold he was lying there among the driftwood sticks. Behold he
was lying there, like one dead he was lying there. Then he went
toward him. Behold he was still alive, when he touched him. Then
he went to get acorn soup, the younger brother did, he went to get
the acorn soup at his camping place. Then he poured it in his
brother’s mouth. Then he spoke, he spoke to his brother, he said:
“‘T have come back, I have come back from inside the belly of a
Long Snake.” Then he spooned it up, the acorn soup, the older
brother did. He said: ‘‘I am hungry.”’ They stayed there all day.
Then they passed the night there again. They were both packing
bowguns.

Then when morning came they said: ‘‘Let’s go, let’s go home.”
Then they were traveling not so far along yet, when behold a white
deer was standing there. Then they shot him. Then again they
walked a little way farther homeward, when behold there was stand-
ing there a black deer. Then they shot him too. Then again they
walked a little way farther homeward, when behold there was standing
ared deer. Then again they walked a little way farther homeward,
when behold a gray deer was standing. All kinds of colored deers
they killed as they were traveling along.

7 Lit., ahead of him.
*8 He was using a new basket and a new spoon, that had never

been used, which he had brought along for the purpose.

18 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

Then they did this way when they traveled a little farther home-
ward, killed all kinds of birds, western pileated woodpecker, California
woodpecker, California condor, southern bald eagle, all kinds of birds.
they killed, all kinds of mountain birds. ‘It was as if they could not
walk, they were so heavy on them. Every little way they camped
overnight as they traveled homeward. They were killing so many
birds, because they had got ashamed, because they had been told:
“You fellows must not target shoot here without woodpecker scalp
headbands on.”’ Two deerskin dance outfits they brought when they
came home. When they were traveling along, when they did not
shoot one western pileated woodpecker, California woodpecker, or
western pileated woodpecker, in front of them the birds [hawks]
killed them; they [the youths] were so lucky.

When they reached home they were packing all kinds of birds on
their backs. When the people saw them coming, behold they were
packing all kinds of woodpecker scalps and all kinds of skins. They
were just surprised when they came back, they did not think that the
older one would return. Then the next day a lot of people came there.
Then they said: ‘‘They have come to challenge you two fellows to
gamble at Indian cards with them.’”’ They would not believe that
they had come back from a long way. Then they [the youths] said:
“All right.”” Then they started in to gamble. Then after a while
there was all kinds of property piled behind him [the older brother],
money.

Then they started in to gamble at Indian cards every day. Differ-
ent people were coming to gamble every day. They started in chal-
lenging them at Indian cards. For a winter, every day, they were
playing Indian cards. Then after a while one house of theirs got
filled with property, through their winning. Another fellow would
say: ‘‘I can beat him.’”’ He would pack his things [his stakes] there,
to the house of the brothers, at Aftaram. All kinds of flint blades, all
kinds of belongings. They [the youths] got together the things, as
they were winning. Every day different people challenged them.
Different ones said in turn: ‘‘I can beat him.’”’ They would not
believe that he had been a long way. But nothing ever did beat him
[the older brother]. Even woman outfits they were betting. Then
two living houses were full of the Indian things. They were winning
so much that two houses got filled with Indian things.

Then the next year they went down river direction again to target
shoot. Their headbands were solid woodpecker scarlet. They [the
target shooters] never spoke to them [the youths], they felt ashamed
of themselves for having told them: ‘‘ You fellows will not shoot here
without woodpecker scalp headbands on.” It was not a big place,
Aftaram; it was a small rancheria. Two houses only were standing
when I saw it and one sweathouse. And they say that the people

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 19

there are all extinct. They all died off, they were all rich people
subsequent to these youths. They two were old when they died, those
two. My deceased mother had seen two condor plumes, condor
plumes from that time, that had been the two youths’ condor plumes.
And I myself saw two old rich men, Aftaram old men.

That is what the Aftaram youths did. Their mother was crying
for them, she thought: ‘‘One will not return.”

6. Buursay Doctors CHIPMUNK

’Ukni. ’Atahériva kunPéra‘rahitihanik.

’U:m kéru vira ké:n ’ukri; katcak4-tcitc. Katcak4te ’uzm viira
’apurtiiva nhanik. ’K-m kydérthanik. Xds pa’akdra tu’4pptraha’*k
tukihi-te’va. Xds va; tukupavé-nndha pamtiva;s ’A4mta;p tumit-
ku", ’uzm vira ’4mta‘p kite tuplyvirtikva’n, kiri kunxus xé4ra
té‘kktha’, ptiya va; patuittiv ’dra tuvé-nfirik. To-xxus: ‘‘Kéruma
takanapikk’4tuk.”’ Ptiyava kari ‘i-v té"mméhayrik. Katcaka-te
takk&-tim. Xas takunippé er: ‘“Nupikk’é-rikti.” Viri fii'mta ‘ik
*wWihivriké’’c, ké-va k&tim. Kdruma ’190é-kxaram tu’dputrtiva nha
‘Tkyam.

Xas pamupi'mate ’éra;rahitihansan ’u-mkun vira yav kunkupa’é-
ra;rahiti. ’Ikcé kite ’upé:tciprivti’ Katcak4:te muppi mate.

Tcimaxmay yid ukktha’. Ké:n Katcakéte ’tkri, ’@*m. Xa4s
Katcaké:te kunpikkya”r. Ta’ittam Katcakk&:tc ’uvésma:hvahé”n.
Katcak4'te ’uzm: *

Song by the Bluejay

Kay kay kiné:
Patas kay kiné: ”
vur hitfhazn ’wihti po'v4sma‘hvuti pamupdékkuri, yid ’umésva
’wérihicri-hvuti’:
Song by the Bluejay

“>A ppuro:n,
*A‘ppurozn.”’ 3°

Xas ’wdrdrihkyanha’. Hinupa pay ’uzm vura Katcak4-‘tc?in kin-
faptinkd-tti’. Kéruma ’uzm Katcak4:te ’uppitti takun’appur kéruma
’urm vur u’Appunti’. Ta’ittam kunficcaysiprihe;n ’aéiéxuntappan
Ov httiv. Ta’ittam ’u’drarihk’anhé’n. Ta’ittam ’upvé:rammahe;n
Katcak4-tcitc, ’uppé‘ticipré-hé-n pa’aéidxuntaéppan.

Xds kikku:m ’ipki-hpd’ (+ mahnifivanatc). Xas kikku;m
Katcakéte kunpikkya’*r. Ktkku;m kunficcavsip ’a@iéxuntéppan
i0aAttiv. Kérixas Katcak4-te ’uvdsmahva’ xas ’updttimka’. Kuk-

2? No meaning to the words.
30 But prose ’4ppur6”'n.

20 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

kuzm vura ’upéttimka’. Vura ké:n ’ardtté:nva tu’fi:ssur Katcaké:-
tcite. ‘‘Uzm vura ’arara’in kunxissénti kiri ’4:pun ’tyrdé-hriv,”
Katcaké-te uppip. Kéruma ’uz;m vura pé-xxtti: ‘Kiri ’a-pun
‘tyrovhriv.”” Tupiccupi pa’érétta-niva pdtu’i-sur. Ta’ittam ’u’fra-
rihk’4nhe’n. Katcakaétc to‘pvatam, té-pé‘tticip ’afidxunt4éppan
10a’ Sttiv. Tu’drarihk’4nha’.

Tcimaxmay k’ikku:m ’ipki;hpa’, pattuédffiip pa’aliéxuntéppan
kikku:m kéri t6-pki-hpa’. Xas yi uppi-p: ‘‘Tcimi yi; vira nusdf-
sinham.” Ta’ittam ’uvé-ramahé"n. Ta’ittam ’upikk’4rahé:n Xan-
putcinnicvénatc. ’Uzm kdéru ’@*m. Xas ’u’dhu™xas ’uhé’r, xas
"uvdsmaé‘hva’.

Song by the Humming Bird

“Katcak4‘tcite muvé'niteva,
z39e 9)

’U:m ’inuvé
’Uxxtti: ‘Kiri kanapiccavsip ’afiékuntéppan.”’ Xas kun’4-pin’ma
Katcaké'te ’uzm vira muvénniteva’. ’Uzm vir uxxtti: “Kiri
kana’iccavsip ’afifxantéppan.’’ Xas vira takunixvi‘phina’. Katca-
k&te takun’ixviphivn’nic. Takun?é:ptinma Katcak&:te ’appurt-
va’*n.

Katcak4'te ’uzm ’apurtiva'nhanik. Katcak4-tc ’ukipha-nik. Mah-
afivanate ’u’Spinkéttihanik. Kupdnnakanakana. Tcé-mya;te ik.
var Icy4‘t *imci‘nnd‘vic. Nanivdssi virav e‘kiniy4’*tc. Tcémya;te
ik vira ’Atdéytctikkinate ’i’G-‘nntprave”c.

6. Buursay Doctors CHIPMUNK

Ukni. Once upon a time they were living.

Bluejay was living there too. Bluejay was a devil. She was a
sucking doctor, too. Whenever she deviled anybody she would make
believe she was sick. Then the way that she did was that she put
ashes on her blanket, just put ashes on, so they would think she had
been sick a long time, whenever she heard somebody coming in.
She thought: “‘They are coming to get me.”” Then she would groan.
Bluejay was awfully sick. Then they told her: ‘‘We have come to
get you.” She would hardly answer, she was so sick. But all night
she was deviling outside.

The ones living close to Bluejay were living good. Laughter was
heard all the time close to Bluejay.

Then all at once one [of these neighbors] got sick. There lived
Bluejay, a doctor. Then they went to get Bluejay for a doctor.
Then Bluejay danced. Bluejay:

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 21
Song by the Bluejay

Kay kay kiné
Pétas kay kiné:*!

dancing a doctress dance, she was starting all the time a different
song, she sang another song, she was singing:

Song by the Bluejay

“Devil,
Devil.’’

Then he got all right. It was that Bluejay was deviling him. Blue-
jay was saying somebody was deviling him, but she was deviling him
herself. Then they paid her for doctor service a pack basket full of
hazelnuts. Then he got well. Then Bluejay went home, packing off
the hazelnuts.

Then he got sick again. Then they summoned Bluejay again.
Then they again paid her a pack basket full of hazelnuts. Then
Bluejay doctored him and sucked him. She sucked him again.
Bluejay took the pain off of him. ‘‘People are wishing that she
lie on the ground [sick],’’ Bluejay said. And it was she herself who
was wishing: ‘“‘May she lie on the ground [sick].’’ She showed it
[the pain, held on palm of her hand]. Then he gotallright. Bluejay

-went home, packing along a load of hazelnuts. He got well.

Then he got sick again; every time just as soon as she ate up the
hazelnuts, then he got sick again. Then one of them said: ‘“‘Let us
get a doctor from a long ways off.” Then he went. Then he got
Hummingbird for a doctor. Shewas a doctor too. Then she came,
then she took a smoke, then she danced. She thought: ‘‘I want to
get some more hazelnuts.”’

Song by the Hummingbird

‘“‘Bluejay did that,
She (did that).”’

Then they knew that Bluejay was doing it. She was thinking: ‘I
want to eat some more hazelnuts.’”’ Then they were all mad when
they found it out. They were mad at Bluejay. They knew Bluejay
was a, devil.

Bluejay was a devil. Bluejay did thus. She was deviling Chip-
munk all the time. Thus ends the story. Shine early, Spring
Salmon, hither upriver. My back is straight. Spring up early,
Spring Cacomite.

31 No meaning to the words.

22 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 107

7. Two Grrus AppLty ror MARRIAGE WITH SPRING SALMON

Ukni:. ’Ata hériva kun?éra‘rabitihanik.

Va; kunkupitti pamukunfivrihk’am, ‘ata hé-y w’ipanhivé-hiti
pamukuntdéxyé’m.” ’A:t * mu’iviéva‘yk’am ’uzm ’axra *iksa*pkt”,
Va; kite Kunipéivéaktra'nnati pamarukké-ttcas,** pamuktakatakahe--
nkininna‘ssitc. Karu ’4xxak va; k4:n muppi‘mite uvimni pe‘kriy-
ra”*m,*> yid0a Pixxa;k** mukrivra;m karu yidéa *[hé-rahé:mva’*n.”
’U:mkun ’Axxak vura ké-nnimitcas pakunkupé’i'nnahiti’. ’U;mkun
*6éxxak vura k4‘nnimitcashanik. ’*A;:t ’uzm vura pekre‘yé:ci-phanik.

Tcavura pa‘npay k4éruk dxxak kunfiruvérakkanik if4ppi‘ttea’, A:t
kuns6‘mkirarukti’?. Vura nik takinippéranik Pa’a:t mukrivra;m
umussahiti’.

Xas patcimik’un?t'mé:canik, xas ki:n The'rahé:mva:n kunikmari-
hivrik’anik.*? Vura u'm y4-mitcas pa’ifappi‘tca’. Xas yid upi'p,
pani‘nnarite: ‘“Tcimi nupatdénvi-ci’, ntippipi’: ‘Hé-y vari Pa’a:t
tkri’’’’.*° Karixas kunpatdénivic. Karixas upi‘p: ‘‘“M4n vira va;
kumméhe”c, stiva i'm axra ’tksa:pku ividva:yk’am. Tcimi maté
6k vura ki-ki‘n’ni, xas ik kari ku’iruvéttakrahe’c. Va; uzm yav
pe‘kxurar vari xas ik ku’fitmmaha”k.” Karixas u:m wippahu’,
pawipa kunikmérihivrikat, uparatinmahpa. Xas ké:n ké-mahite
kunfinni'e.

Karixas kunréhu”. Karixas kunfiruvdttakra penirahitam. Xas.
kikku;m yié0a paninnamitce uppi‘p: “Mdava ’6-k, mava 6k Pé’a:t
mukrivra*m. Mav axra *tksa-pku’.” Xas imn4é:k kunfiruvén-
furuk. Ydnav 6‘kri?. Ydénava taprérahak ukfi:nnamnihva. Hinupa
um yidéuk wadvarahen“ pataprdta, yiéOuk kumé-krivra’m, ’A;:t

82 Taxyé’m, old word equivalent to ’iv?ihk’am. They claim that
a wide and cleanly kept bare plot in front of a living house is the only
way one can tell if a man is a Ya-sfAta or rich person. The myths
make frequent mention of these nicely kept yards.

33 ?A’@¢, name in the myths of ’icy4’*t, Spring Salmon.

%* Lit., upslope big one, by-name for ’iktakatakkahe’'n (so called
because he hollers tak tak), western pileated woodpecker, Phlaeotomus
pileatus picinus Bangs.

%° The living houses of these two men were just down river from
Spring Salmon’s living house, in the same row. This row of houses
lay where John Pepper’s hogpen is now, in the down-river part of
Katimin rancheria. )

3° Puixxa”*k, Pacific nighthawk, Chordeiles minor hesperis Grinnell.
Also pux4-kkite.

7 *Thé-rahé-mva’n, Nuttall’s poorwill, Phalaenoptilus nuttalli:
nuttalli (Audubon).

38 Or: kunikmarihiv’rik.

3 Or: vari pékri ’A”*t.

#0 Into the rancheria, into the house row.

‘t He had gone to get it. Ct. tu’Avar, he went to get it.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 23

mukrivra’*m. Va; ké:n ukri’i. Upakunihvi-tevuti’.* Karixas ’as
kunippdfic. Tcimaxmay kunihyiv ikk’am: ‘‘Pux4:kkitc, namtiri
pifapta‘nnaruk’.”*® “Y#-heh,* tcimi 6:k vura ki-k?i'm’ni. Takane'-
hyfin’nic, kané:ppénti’?: Tcimi paxyéttaruki’.*® Karixas ik vura
kunrdffice’c, panipaxyé‘tmaraha”*k.’’ Xas u’drihrupuk. Karixas
kunpt'hyan pasé-‘mva'nsas. Xas yi6§ uppi'p pa’ifdéppi’'t: “Na: {p
nidittivat, ip kyYunippétat: ’Pifépta-nnaruhki namtiti. Tcd: numis-
san.”*6 Xas payid@ upi‘p: ‘Na; nixtiti tdnussir. Hé-y if ata va;
pay Pé’a”*t.”’ Ydnava pa’ds po‘viraxviraxti paparamvaré’as. Kari-
xas 4:pun vura tupifdpsi‘prin pa’amva/ictunvé*te. Karixas panamtiri
kun o'pattatip. Tcimaxmay kuntctpha’, axmay kunpi'p: ‘‘ Y&:heh,
akkdéray pananikininnd‘site u’aficé-nnatihe’n “ Ydxa Puxd-kkite
muvrihk’am xas tksd:pku’. Ydxa nanitapréra karu tu’trupuka-
he*n.”’ Xas yi00 upip: ‘““H4-, tcimi nupidvippi’. Na; tana’ahd4-
ra*m. Kéruma fp nippa’t: Tdénussir. Tcéta.” Xas va’ vura
ka:n kunpiéviripcip. Kunpiyéram. Stiva’ vura kari vari kun?ds-
suna‘ti, yiimusite takun?ippahu”.

Kupdénnakanakana. Jhérahé:‘mva'n ’ukipha:n’nik, karu Pux4-k-
kite. Teémyarte ik vir Icyd-t *imci‘nnd:vic. Nanivdssi virav
e‘kiniyaé”tc. Tcémya‘te ’ik vira ’Atéytcukkinatc ’i’i:nntprave’”c.

7. Two Girits AppLy For MARRIAGE WITH SPRING SALMON

Ukni. They were living there.

They fixed their yards so that one could not see the end of their
yards. In front of Spring Salmon’s house there was a dead tree
leaning. The Western Pileated Woodpeckers just kept walking up
flutteringly, his Western Pileated Woodpecker pets. And there were
two living houses standing near by, one Pacific Nighthawk’s and one
Nuttall’s Poorwill’s living house. They were making a poor living,
those two. Those two were poor people. But Spring Salmon lived
rich.

Then after a while two girls came down from upriver, to apply for
marriage with Spring Salmon. They had been told what Spring
Salmon’s house looked like.

Then when they were about to arrive, they met Nuttall’s Poorwill.
They were nice-looking girls. Then one of them said, the youngest
one: ‘‘Let’s ask him, let’s say: ‘Where does Spring Salmon live?’ ”
Then they asked him. Then he said: ‘‘ Ye will see there is a dead

*? He was singing by himself to amuse himself, as he sprawled on
the tule mat.

*8 Meaning to clean out, using mouth, tongue, hands, or in any way.

“4 Man’s interjection of glad surprise.

“ Referring to dividing the catch of salmon.

“6 Short cut for teé-ra numitssan.

*” Lit., was touching.

24 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 107

tree sitting outside in front of the house. Ye stay here a while and
then go in there. It will be good if you get there toward evening.’’
Then he went back, the one that they had met, he turned back. Then
they sat down there for a while.

Then they traveled. Then they entered the rancheria. Then the
younger one said: ‘‘Here it is, here is Spring Salmon’s living house.
Here is the dead tree leaning.’”’ Then they went inside the living
house. He was there. He was sitting on a tule mat. It was that
he had gone to another place to get that tule mat, to another living
house, to Spring Salmon’s living house. He was sitting there. He
was singing for fun. Then they put the [boiling]stones in the fire.
Then all at once they hollered outside: “Pacific Nighthawk, come and
clean out the wooden plate.” ‘‘Ah, ye stay here. They hollered to
me, they are telling me: ‘Come and divide it.’ Only then they will
touch it, after I get through dividing it.”” Then he sprang out of the
house. Then the girl applicants talked together. Then one girl
said: ‘‘T heard them tell him: ‘Come and clean out the wooden plate.’
Let’s go and see.”” Then the other one said: “‘I think we have made a
mistake. I do not think this is the Spring Salmon.” Behold he was
licking off the stones, the salmon boiling stones. Then he ate up the
pieces of salmon meat on the ground. Then he cleaned out the
wooden plate. Then all at once thers was talking, all at once some-
body said: “Ah, who was bothering my pets? Look here, it is
leaning outside of Pacific Nighthawk’s house. See, he took my tule
mat out too.” Then one [of the girls] said: ‘‘Yes, Let’s run off. I
am ashamed. I already said: ‘We made a mistake.’ Let’s go.’
Then they ran home from there. They wenthome. They could still
hear them quarreling, when they were some ways off.

Kup4énnakanakana. Nuttall’s Poorwill did thus, and Pacific
Nighthawk. Shine early, Spring Salmon, hither upriver. My back
is straight. Grow early, Spring Cacomite.

8. Corote ATtenps a FLowrer Dance at ORLEANS

*Ukni-.

Xas Pihnéffite Pandémni:k ’uw’ihikkaranik, u; Masuh?drahanik
Pihné‘ffitc. Xas va; ké:n kf-rim ukupavé-nnahanik. Ma’4-va yiruk
’ukviripripanik. Xas kun?éharamanik.

Teavira X6xhirak *ukviripmanik. Ydnava ka;n *ikmahétcra;m
*>wikra’. Ta’ittam va; kdé:n su? ’u’drihivrafahe’n. ’Uxxts: ‘“Tci-
mik’an?a‘ssic ’6:k pe-kmah4tera’*m. Vitra va; mu’4nnavhanik pa’éim-
ta*p.8 Ta’ittam ’upipatvaéva-nnadheé:n pa’dmta’*p. Xds uppi'p:
“Pihni-te kinic kani-rivhrivi.

*8 Coyote sings before he puts the ashes on himself. There is a
coyote song with which the singer rubs ashes on his body for protec-
tion so that his enemies will not kill him.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 25

*T-fiti taxdnnahicite teimaxmay ’urikirikkiha’*. Hinupa takunfh-
matuk. Tcimaxmay ’ar utni‘pni.® ‘I-fiti kunxussér pihnf-tcite.
Xas vura puxay Oittivdta. ‘Kiri kanaxussér puéiti:mtihata.’’ Viri
uzm vur ’w’fhivrik ydhihmé”k, ’i:v ’uméhavrikti’. Kérixas kunpi‘p:
“Teoiminu’frunna”, pay ’uzm vira pihnitcite.

Kupdnnakanakana. Pihné-ffite ’ukiphd-n’nik, ’Amtazp ’up4&-tva-
nik.

8. Corore Arrenps a Frowser DaNncr aT ORLEANS

Ukni.

Then Coyote went to attend a flower dance at Orleans, he was a
. Salmon River person, Coyote was. Then he did not do right there.
Then he ran down river. Then they followed him.

Then he ran as far as Martins Ferry. Behold he saw a sweathouse
standing there. Then he jumped inside of it there. He thought:
‘Let me lie down here, in the sweathouse.’’ Now ashes were his
medicine. So he rubbed ashes all over himself. Then he said: ‘Let
me lie down like an old man.”

A while afterwards all at once there was a sound of people walking.
They were the ones that were following him (they were already on the
roof). Then all at once some one looked in. Then they thought it
was an old man. Then he made believe he could not understand.
“‘Would that they think he can not understand.”” He answered as
if he was sick, groaningly. Then they said: ‘‘Let’s travel; it is some
old man.”’ A

Kup4nnakanakana. Coyote did that, he bathed with ashes.

9. CorotTe AND Lizarp OrpAIN Dertarts ABouT CHILDBIRTH AND
BaBIES

’U:m viura Pihné-ffite piccizte paxxi;te ’ukya:tihanik, picci;te
’axi:tc ’ukyanik. Xas ’dppanik: “Ya-stéra ’uzm kéru vura va;
’axi:te ’ukupéky4:hitihé’’c. ”’

Xas pakuntctphina‘tihanik, hit ’at o-kupittihe:c Ya-s?éra. Xas
yid *uppip: “Vira kunvutnirstihe:c pa’asiktéva’n, kun’é6ricuk-
tihe:c vicva'n. Xas Pihné-ffite ’uppip: “Pihara. Va; ’uz;m putdy-
hé:cara pa’éra”r. “If tceé-mya;tc ’uppé-tctrutihe;c pamuhré‘ha timit
tary ’ukvdrafat.”” X4s ké-vira kunpip: “Hit ’ata po°kupa’aho:-
hitihé’c?”’ Xas ké:kkum kunpi‘p: ‘’Apmé‘nkam kam/ého:tihi’.”’
Xas Pihné-fite ’uppi‘p: “Pfthata. Va; ’uz;m pithata.” Xas ’uppi‘p:
“X4-tik “iffudkam ’urm vur u’éhoti paxxite.” Xas_ tei-mi-te
"uppip: “Ha:, va; ’uzm yav.”’

Xas “dppi:p Pihné-ffitc: ‘Yio ’asiktéva-nhé’c, *iffué ’uparamé:-
hpe:c ’4vansa’. Viri va; vura kunkupittihe’c. ’Asiktéva;n *iyccaré-
rashe’c vira.’’ Xas Tcimi-te ’uppi'p: “Va; ydv.” ‘Naznik nik--

* Through the téruppakam, the roof hatchway.

26 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

ya-vic pamitti’ik, pa’avansdxxi;te pamdtti’ik, karu pamufi6éi’ mus-
size k’aru vura niky4‘vic. Picci‘te ’u’i-ftihe:c pamutti’ik karu pamu-
fi96i’, pakari vari vura ’iccaha kinic kérihe’'c.”’

Kunsippunvutihanik hfit ’ata ké-he:e paxxite. ‘‘Po’iffamyt-
vaha”*k pa’asiktdva;n vira kar ’u’imtihe’*c,” va; kunippanik. “‘ Viri
va; po’ iffamytvtiha”k, va; kari vur ’u’imtihe’c pakké-vri'kea’.”’
Uma vira piric ’utd:yhitihe’c. ’Uma vtra piric kunipcémkiré-vic
pe‘kxaré-yay. ’Uma vira piric *utdé:yhitihe’*e. ’Uppirichitihe’c.

’U:m vira va; pa’avansixxi'ttitcas va; vira kink’upa’inna:hiti:
“Xay kiydkar pattcimi™tc.” K4éru payénipahvihitcas kinfp-
pénti’: “Va: mik’un’évan patci'mt”te.”

Xas paninamite kériha’*k, va; takunippé’r pé:kvi'thiti’, pé-kvi-
thémnicti’ hari ’iksa-hti *ikvi‘that, xas takunpi'p: ‘‘Va; Patci‘mi‘te
’ukvithinnicti, Tci-mite i'n kunippé nti’: ‘“’ikeéhi’, ’ikeahi’.’ Karu

hari takunippér: ‘’ixrén.’ ” Va; tékunpip: ‘Tci:mi:te ’in kunip-
pénti’: ‘’ixrdén, *ixrdn, “ixrén, ixrén,’” pdé-kvithittha;k paxitca-

’AndammaAhate.

Viri pé‘kvi-théraha”*k, pé-xrérattiha’*k, takunippé’r: ‘“‘Tcimtte
in kinvimtctktet'kti’.”’

Yaktin Tcimite *Gpa'nnik: ‘Na: yd4-sff’ra muyusittanate niy-
tedxtca xtihé’c.” *Ikmahdtcra:m pakuntciphin4-tihanik, yé'sfara
tcim u’innfcrihe”’c, va; kari pakuntetphinna‘tihanik. Payém vira
va; *ikmahdtcramrdvahkam ’utaprihvuti tci:mé"te. ’Uéxupkétti’,
va’ kum4’’i va; kd4:n ’utaprihvuti’, ’imfindnnihitc. Ké-matc k6's
Patci-mf"tc, ta puffa't pe-kmahdtcra’*m. Tapukinm4:htihara Pat-
tci'mite pa’ardri"k, ’Asarakavri:k kite takun’4ra‘rahiti’ payvahi’"'m.
’*Axré;t kun?é‘mvana‘ti’. ’Ardri:k tapu’ard:rahitihap payvéhi’'m

9. CorotEe AND Lizarp Orpain Detaits ABoutT CHILDBIRTH AND
BABIES

It was Coyote who first made a baby. Then Coyote said: ‘Human
will make a baby the same way.”’

They were talking in the sweathouse what Human is going to do.
And one said: ‘‘They ought to cut a woman open, they ought to
take the baby out of her belly. Then Coyote said: ‘‘No. There
won’t be many people. How quick he will lose his wife, though he
paid so much for her.’”’ Then they all said: ‘‘How will he [the baby]
travel through?’”’ Then some said: ‘‘Let him come out of her
mouth.” Then Coyote said: ‘‘No. That won’tdo.” Then Coyote
said: ‘“‘Let the baby come out behind.” Then Lizard said: ‘“ Yes;
that’s good.”

Then Coyote said: ‘‘One will be a female, and the next will be
born a male. That’s the way they willdo. The female will be mixed
with them.”” Then Lizard said: ‘‘That’s good.” ‘I am going to
make the boy’s hands, and his feet; and his penis too, I am going to

Bleemeron] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 27

make. His hands and his feet will grow first of all, when he is water
yet [when he is earliest embryo].

They measured what size a baby was to be. ‘‘If it grows over this,
the woman will die,”’ they said. “If it is growing beyond this, the
mother will die.”” There will be some herb medicine. The Ikxa-
reyavs will leave some herb medicine. There will be lots of herb
medicine. Human will have herb medicine.

They instructed the boys that way: ‘‘Ye must not kill Lizard.”
And they told the little girls: ‘‘Lizard is your husband.”

And it [the baby] is small yet, they [the lizards] tell it when it is
asleep, when the baby is dreaming about something sometimes it
laughs when asleep, and then people say: “It is dreaming about
Lizard; Lizards are telling it: ‘Laugh, laugh.’ And sometimes
Lizards tell it: ‘Cry,’ ’” And people say: ‘‘Lizards are telling it:
‘Cry, cry, cry, cry,’ ’’ when the little baby is asleep.

When it is asleep, when it cries, they tell it: ‘‘The Lizards are
pinching the baby.”

Lizard said it: “I will be bothering Human’s little baby.” They
were talking in the sweathouse, that Human is going to come, they
were talking about it. And to-day Lizard likes it on top of the
sweathouse. He hugs his chest toward it repeatedly [with raising
and lowering motion toward the sweathouse roof board]. That’s why
he likes it there, because it is warm. It is too bad for the lizards,
that there are no more sweathouses. We never see lizards any more
in the Indian rancherias, they only live in rocky places now. They
do not stay around the rancherias any more now.

10. How WestTERN YELLOW-BELLIED RACER WAS TRANSFORMED

’Ukni:. ?Ata haériva kunféraé;rahitihanik.”

Xés yidéa *im ’uvénnuptk. Xds uxxus: ‘Ti:kk’éruk kanv4'-
rami.” Kérixas yizmmiusite tu’4hu". Tcimaxmay hi‘tu’in, mdéruk
*utdippitcra’®.*' Xasytru kin utéppitcrup. Xas kéru kun ’utdppite-
ro’v. Xas sdéru kun utdppitcfak. Xas ’asivetiruk su? ’utéppitck’a”.
(Of; “if ’é6:k ’asayd-mate ’uddn’niv.”’ Kas ’wéttcip, pa’as, pa’a-
saya mhatc. Xas xéra vur ’u’é-6idun pa’as. Xas?d:pun ’updaétic. Kas
uxxus: ‘‘Timaté: k’anptt-yi'nkatchi’ pdy pa’asay4:matcak, vira ’uzm
ya'mate pa’as.” Xas ’upttyi‘n k’atce. ‘“Timaté k*’anipvinnasu-
natchi’. Yéheh. ’Amayéiccat. Tizpay kitc xas kumatécitc kuna
kaptityink’atchi’.” Xs kikku;m ’upvinnaxsunatchi’. ‘’E--, ’azf
kin updkkat.” Vo'kipha-n’nik. ’Apsunmunnukite xas ’updrihi-
erihanik va; vura ka‘n, ’asiveuruk ’utéppitck’a-nik.

58 Or: hiti’.

7 An old word equivalent to ’utanni‘nna”, he slipped in upslope
direction.

28 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 107

Kupénnakanakana. Tcé-myazte “ik vir Icy4t ’imci‘nné-vic.
Nanivd4ssi virav e‘kiniy4”*tc. Tcémya;te ik vira ’Atéyteikkinate
*Vunnuprave”c.

10. How Western YELLOW-Bevuirp Racer Was TRANSFORMED

Ukni. They were living [there].

Then one went outside the house. He thought: “‘Let me go up-
river.”’ Then he went a short way. Then behold he slipped in up-
slope direction. Then he slipped in downriver direction. Then he
slipped in upriver direction. Then he slipped in downslope direc-
tion. Then he slipped in under a rock. ‘Oh, what a nice looking
rock lying here.”” Then he picked it up, that rock, that pretty rock.
Then he packed that rock around. Then he set it down on the ground
again. Then he thought: ‘‘Let me do just a little bit of job on this
nice rock, it looks so nice.’”’ Then he did just a little bit of job on it
‘“‘Let me taste it by sticking out my tongue. Well. It tastes good.
Let me do a little bit more of job on it.”” Then he tasted it again by
sticking out his tongue. ‘‘Oh, it tastes like manure.’’ He did thus.
Then he turned into ’apsunmunnukitc snake sp. right there, he went
in under the overhanging rocks.

Kupénnakanakana. Shine early, Spring Salmon, hither upriver.
My back is straight. Grow early, Spring Cacomite.

11. Buugsay AND ButunEAD Doctor REDFISH

Ukni:. ’Ata hériva kun’éra-rahitihanik.

Katcaké'tcite ’uzm ’apurtiva-nhanik, patuxusséha:k tcimi k’am-
kuhi’, va; vira té-kktha’.

Tcavira panpay yideéa ® vur uyikkiha’,® vur puxx*itc ’uyikkiha,
’asiktdva’n, ’ardta-nva té-kkén *idvay4’*k. Kas ’Axxak pa’émea ©
-upikk’av. Xas vura ’4xxak ’i'n vira xus kun?fi‘m. Ta’ittam kun-
vasma'hvahé”"*n. Katcak4-tcite yidumdsv u’arihicri-hviti’.

Song by the Bluejay

Ka'y kay kiné:
P&tas kay kiné:

Xas taxdnnahicite Xdnki;t kun u’érihic pamuvdsma‘hvar.

® A person in the rancheria. The person who got sick was the
Redfish, stunted variety of Oncorhynchus nerka.

8 Hquivalent to the more common ’ukktiha’, he was sick.

54 This is what they always say when a person is being deviled.
Instead of ’i€vay4’*k also ’i8va-y may be used.

5The two doctors were Bluejay and Bullhead. They doctored
her, both dancing together.

56 Onomatopoetic, otherwise without meaning.

HARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 29

Song by the Bullhead

Yéhehe hanahé-
’Atcpu;s kanapicavsi prini.”

Puiyava xts kunkupé’i-mmahanik, Tci‘ppite. Xas ’uw’drari‘hk’anha’.
Xas Katcaké‘tcite ’uppip: “Xdric vira ’u:m kana/iccavsip.”
Karixas Katcak4-tcite ’uzm vura ’ida’ittiv takunficcavsip xiitic,
to‘pa'tticip. Xas Xénki:t ’uppip: “’Atcpuzs napiccavsip.” Kas
va; ’icvit ’upiccavsip pamtitcpu”s.** Vura va; ’dxxak ’in pdéxxus
kun?i:mmiti’, Katcak4-tcite Xénki;t xikka’*n. Pa’asiktaévazn ’uzm
vira tazy muxxtrichanik, karu kétchanik pamtitcpu”s, ké-te miitc-
pu'shanik, Katcak4-tcite ’uz;m vira ’u’S:pinmutihanik. ‘‘Manik va;
na’dkkihe’c.”’ Katcak4‘tcitc ’uzm vura hitiha:n ’4vaha kite po:pitti
kana’iccavsip, ’Avaha kitc.

Teavura pa'‘npay k*ikku;m ipkihpa’. Xas kikku;m vura ’Axxak
*upikk’av. Xus tékunfi-m. Va: vura kikku;m kunkupapatim-
ko-ha’. Xas kikku:m vira va; ké: kin?ékki pa’émca’. Kikku;m
vura Katcak4-tcite kun?dikk i@a’fttiv xtiric. Kikkuzm ’ik vura
X4nki:t to‘ppip: ‘‘Pamitcpu;s napiccavsip.”? Xas vura ’uzm tani‘n-
namitc ’ussi"m pamutcpu’'s.

Tcavura p4-npay yié kin Pupikk’av pa’é’m. X4s uppi'p: “Tcim
ik’6: pepikk’avti Pakatcak4‘tcitc. Katcaka-tcitc ’uzm vura mu’4p-
purén ipsinviti’. ’U:m vira Katcak4-tc?i-n Vvapunké-tihap. ’U:m
vura harivurava patupfkfi-tck’4ha:k pamu’dvaha’, va; kari ti’dp-
purap. ’U:m vura X4nki:t xékka:n kunxishiti’.”” Vira ’uz;m Tci‘p-
pite tu’4‘ptin’ma pa’in kun?apink6'tti’. Hinupa pay ’uzm Katcak4:-
teite Xanki;t x4kka:n kunxtcshiti’.

Piyava; ’uzmkun kunkupha'n’nik, Katcak4‘tcite Xénki;t xdk-
ka’*n, va: kunkipha‘n’nik. Katcak4-tcite ’uzm kéru vura mahré-
va‘nhanik. Karu X4nki;t ’u; mahréva-nhani © k’aru. Hinupa ’u;m
tci-ppite pakukthitihanhanik. Katcak4-tcite iin kunfaptinké‘tti’.

Xas ’u;m va; kum4’i’i payvéhi;m ni‘nnamite pamititcpu;s Tci-ppite,
x4;s vira puffa:t pamttcpu’'s.

Kupdnnakanakana. Tcémya;te “ik vir Icy4t ‘imci‘nna-vic.
Nanivassi virav ekiniy4tc. Tcé-mya;te ik vira ’Atéytcukkinate
Yanniprave’c.

The last line means: ‘“‘ Pay me some more gut strings.”’

This is why the bullhead has lots of these strings while the red-
fish has only a few.

°° Who this doctor was is not known.

* They see what kind of pain is in one while they shut their eyes as
they dance.

30 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BuLL. 107

11. BLurnsay ANp BuLuHEAD Doctor ReEpFIsH

Ukni. They were living [there].

Bluejay was a devil, whenever the Bluejay wanted anyone to get
sick, he [that person] would get sick.

Then later on somebody got sick, got very sick, a woman, pain was
shaking in her breast. Then she sent for two doctors. Then both
doctored her. They danced the doctor dance. Bluejay kept chang-
ing the song.

Song by the Bluejay

Kary kay kiné:
Patas kay kiné ©

Then after a while Bullhead started in to sing her doctoring song.

Song by the Bullhead

Yéhehe hanahé:
*Atepuzs kanapicavsi prini.”

That is the way they doctored her, Redfish. Then she got all right.
Then Bluejay said: ‘‘Pay me in shelled acorns.’”? Then they paid
Bluejay a pack basket full of shelled acorns; she packed it home.
Then Bullhead said: ‘‘Feed me-with gut strings.’’ Then she [Redfish]
fed him half of her gut strings. They were both doctoring her,
Bluejay along with Bullhead. That woman had lots of shelled
acorns and she had a big bunch of gut strings [inside of her], her gut
strings were big, and Bluejay knew that. ‘‘She will pay me that.’
Bluejay always wanted to be paid in just food, just in food.

Then later on she got sick again. Then she sent for both of them
again. They treated her. They just doctored the same as they had
before. Then they paid them again the same kind. They paid
Bluejay a pack basket full of shelled acorns. And Bullhead said
again: ‘‘Feed me with your gut strings.”” Then she [Redfish] had
only a little of them left.

Then after a while she sent for another doctor. Then she [the new
doctor] said: ‘“You must quit hiring that Bluejay. She is in with
Bullhead. Bluejay acts like she did not know her own devil work.
Bluejay is the one deviling you. Whenever Bluejay’s food gives out,
then she will devil you.”’ Then Redfish knew who was deviling her.
The fact was that Bluejay and Bullhead were in together.

That is the way that Bluejay did along with Bullhead, that is the
way they did. And Bluejay was a diagnosing doctor. And Bullhead

5! Onomatopoetic, otherwise without meaning.
® The last line means: ‘“‘Pay me some more gut strings.”

BARRINGTON] KARUK INDIAN MYTHS SI

was a diagnosing doctor, too. It was Redfish who was sick. Bluejay
was deviling her.

And that is why Redfish’s gut strings are so small now; she almost
has no gut strings at all.

Kup4nnakanakana. Shine early, Spring Salmon, hither upriver.
My back is straight. Grow early, Spring Cacomite.

12. Two Katimin Matipens Visit THE INDIAN HEAVEN

*U:mkun va; ké:n kunféra‘rahitihanik, Yuxtt‘yrip, ’Axxak ’aficri-
hansa’.@ Puktnic ’arara’i'n kinm4‘htihap pa’aficrfhansa’. Ptiyava
yantcipva xas vura kinmahti’, pakunikvi‘pvarayviti’. Yakin ’uzm-
kun vira va; kunkupa’iffahanik. *Ikvipvardyva'nsahanik. Va;
vura kite kunkupa’iffahanik. Va; vira xés ké:n kinma‘htv’.

Hinupa va; vura ’4xxak takunté:n’va.” X4s ’4xxak mukunke:-
teiky4:hanik ’iféppi‘tea’. Viri va; kunxus: ‘‘Nu; karu vura tanté-n’
va’. Va: kite kunkupitti pakunixéxxa'ti?, Kukku:m im’4:n
tusippaha ’axvidinihtizm takunpinni‘cri’, pakunyupastdranhiti’.©

Teavura pa'npaytah, ’axmdy k4:n ’éré:r ’uxri-e mukunpi‘m’matc,
paké:n kunixéxx4ti ’axvidinihti’im. Hinupa ’uzm ’Arikné-tchan.”
Xas upip: “Tcimi k’6- pakixrérati’. Manik na; ni’4:pinmuti
paké:n pamik’unké:tefkyay. Manik va; kuk’ik?6-nvavé-cap. Tceimi
k*ikyav ’itahanndmmahite pamik’inpavirutva’. K6-va yi-v, pénu-
*jruna‘vic. Karu va: kite kusd-nvezc ‘ipic?i’t. Yakdén va; ku’ip-
pihitihé’*c, paku’t'ftihé:c pa’ipicri’'t.” ® Karixas kunpi‘p: “‘Tanu-

3 The two youths lived at Yuxtuyrup, place name, by the river bank
at the upriver end of Katimin rancheria. They lived there not in
pikvéhahirak, in mythic times, but long ago in human times, of
which period the old word ’uhyana06é'ppat is used.

8 These youths were just raised that way, good and secretly; they
were little seen, but spent their time in hunting, practicing dances,
and other pursuits of rich people.

% Or: tanupuy4haraha’. This was frequently said when crying.

6 This was the old mourning practice; the bereft stole away to sit on
the ground by the grave in the early morning. The old Indians told
the younger ones not to cry in the evenings or nights; that no one
ever died for feeling bad for dead people, and that these two girls
made it this way,so that nobody ever will die of grief. (See p. 33, fn.)

8 *Atikré’n, diminutive ’Afikné-tchan, meaning he who dwells
above, name of the mythic Duck Hawk who lives on top of Sugarloaf
Mountain, patron of Katimin rancheria. (See p. 2, and p. 32, fn.)

* Tt was the custom to keep and to pack about, when traveling,
entire cannon bones of the deer. They were regarded as natural
marrow cases, and the marrow was extracted only as used. It was
an old expression that this marrow rubbed in well all over the body
makes the traveler feel as if he has bones in him, makes him cease
to be tired. It was also the girls’ blanket against the cold on their
long journey. Because the girls and A’ikren used it this way is
why people use it now.

32 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 107

pikya’*r, tcimi nuy4‘rame”c.” Ké&rixas kunivyihcipriv. Viri va;
vura kuntaxasfipdyatcha pamukunydffus, ké-va piricrizk pakunfi-
runa‘ti’?. Tce-mydtcva vura kikku;m yié takunipydéffus, kukku;m
%k vura va: tutaxdsfip. *Itahanaémmahite ® yié kunipydffus. Vii
va: kite kun?i-fte’ pa’ipic?it.

Tcavura tayi'v xas uppi‘p “Arikré’*n: ‘““Tcimi nivyi-hmé”c. Va;
vira kumméhe”c, va; vura kéri kinkipitti’, mi takunkupittihat,
va: vura kéri pamukunfixti:vha’, pakunikvipvarayvuti’, va: vura
kéri pamukunixti-vha’.”’

Karixdés va; ké:n vura takunivyihma’. Té‘kxéramha’. Ydnava
pavuhviha tuwiccip. Viri taxdénnahicitc tcimaxmay papasnikér
*utetpha’.” Ydnava xékkarari takunrinni-crihe’n,” pavuhvuhaxék-
karafi. Viri nikik téktinxts nu’4ffié, pamukunké‘tcikyav.” Va;
vira k4:n takunfipci‘nk’a’. Nikik teimi kunréffice’c, kari takunip-
cink’a’. Kérixas ’Arikré-n upi-p: ‘‘Te#rm. Tcimi na: tanipva:tam.
Mani kikp6-nvariké-cap.”’ Xds kunptp: ‘‘Tesérh.”’ Xas upva‘tam.

Tcimaxmay k*tikku;m wippak.” Kéruma ’u;mkun ya;s kinic
yid0a kunikvé-crihti’.“ va; kunkupé-kmahénké-nnahiti’. Hinipa u;m
*10ahdérinay takun?i‘n. Xas kunpfin.” Xas kinippé*r: ‘Vira kupi-
yaramé’’c. ’I;mk’un ptva kéri pa’é- kwine’*c. *I;mk’un piiva
puydharahap.”’ Xas kinippé’r: ‘‘Tcimi kipea:n’vi ’aruta-nnaxiti-
hirak vastffirthapw’.”* Yaktn vira pu’arappivé'cara, pakusé‘nma-
ha”*k. Patupuy4:haraha;k pici’'te, papava ’iccinvapha”*k, viri va;
’apmd:n kuni-virtktihé’c pa’asdffi'c.” Viri va; kunsdérukkanik,
Xds va; kunkt‘pha’, viri va; pa’apmdéntizm takunfi-virukkaha”*k,,
va; kari tupimtay. K6-mahite va; kari pu’éra ‘i-ntihatik. Pu’éra.
{-ntfhanik ké-mahitc. Tcavura p4npay té-ffi-pha’. Ptyava kari
k*ukku;m pé-fif‘pha passuffirthapwt’, kikkuzm va; kéri teé-mydteva
pakunpuydharahiti’, pdé-ffi-pha pasuifirbhapt’. Viri va; ’u;mkun

® Or: *itahar4-n.

7 Lit., talked.

7 They were sitting on the ground, each holding his flint blade
crosswise on his thighs, waiting for the song to start.

”? Tried to put their hands about the youths as they sat there.

% The Indians have the pretty belief that A’ikren, when he leaves.
his home on top of Sugarloaf Mountain, migrates to the Indian Heay-
en, returning the next season. He just made a special trip to conduct
the girls there. .

™% Also ptva kunic yi60 ikvérihap, it was like they had not passed
one night. This experience of the girls was often referred to by the:
Indians to convey the day like impression which long visits away
from home make after one’s return, just as we say ‘‘the visit seems
like a dream.”

%® They liked the ’ixti-vha’, fun, of the Indian Heaven country.
Pavtira ké6: kima’ihvyana’*, po’fhvaéna'ti’, they are dancing all
kinds of dances.

© This was to be the reviving food, the smearing of which around:
the mouth would make a dead man revive.

ig
if
_ HARRINGTON) KARUK INDIAN MYTHS 33

kunippaén’nik: ““X4;t héitvava ’ukupé-éviyx4:haha mupuyy4-hata,
-yura puva; ’ahvékkiré-cata. Vura ’urm ’ukkuhé’c, xas ik upuy4--
harahe’c.” *Uhyanadeé:pparahanik: ‘‘Vura pu’ivé-cara, x4't ’udvuy-
-x&ha mupuyd-hafa, ’uxussé-c uma vira nik téni’iv, kuna vura
pwivé-cata.” 7

RH <a ~<5--.

12. Two Katimin Marpens Visit THE INDIAN HEAVEN

_ They were living there at Yuxtuyrup, two youths. Nobody saw

those youths much. Behold they saw them every year when they

went stepping around [with flint blades in front of the deerskin

dancers]. They were just raised that way. They were steppers
around. That is the way they were raised. It was then that those
youths were seen.

Then behold both died. And they both had girl sweethearts.
They thought: ‘‘We are dying, too.” All that they did was to cry.
Every morning they sat down by the graveyard, the water coming
out of their eyes.

Then after a while all at once a person sat down by them there, as
they were crying there by the graveyard. Behold it was A’ikren.
Then he said: ‘‘Ye would better quit crying. I know where your
sweethearts are. J will take you there. Ye make 10 maple bast
dresses. It is a long way where we are going to travel through.
And ye must take with you deer cannon bone marrow. They will
be your bones, wheh ye rub it on yourselves.” Then they said:
“‘We are through, let’s go.”’ Then they all went. Then the strands
of their dresses got all pulled out [by the brush], it was so brushy
where they were traveling through. Every once in a while they
put on another dress, and again it all pulled out. And all that they
were painting themselves with was that deer cannon bone marrow.

Then when a long way along, A’ikren said: ‘‘We are about to get
there. Ye will see what they used to do; they do the same yet,
they have the same fun yet, stepping around [before the deerskin
dancers], they have the same fun yet.”

Then they got there. It was getting dark. Behold the deerskin-
dance row. Then after a while behold the whistle sounded. The
youths were sitting at both ends, at both ends of the deerskin dance.
Then they [the girls] tried to touch them, their sweethearts. They
disappeared there. Whenever they were just about to touch them,

77 When a person is dying, the old people say: “‘Pu’ivé-cara, va;
kunippaé‘nik pi’é&p ’uhyanaéséppat, x4:t mupuy4‘hara ’udvuyx4‘ha’.”
“‘He is not going to die, they [the two girls who went to the land of
the dead] said it long ago; it 1s old-time talk; I do not care how bad he
feels for his dead one.” Pi’ép ’uhyanad0é-ppar refers to an early
tale of human times, in contrast to pikvdéhahitak, in mythic times,
in the times of the Ikxareyavs.

34 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 10

they disappeared. Then A’ikren said: ‘‘Itis well. Iam going home.
I will come back for ye.’”’ Then they said: ‘‘It is well.’”’ Then he
went home.

Then behold he came back again. They felt like they had only
stayed one night, so it seemed to them. Behold they had been there
one year. They did not want to leave. Then the people told them:
“Ye must go back. It is not time yet for ye to come here. Ye did
not die yet.”’ Then the people told them: ‘‘Ye take along some
heavenly salmon backbone meat. Then nobody will die any more,
when ye carry it there. When first he dies, before they bury him, ye
shall smear about his mouth the backbone meat of salmon.”” Then
they brought it in [into this middle place]. Then they did that,
smeared it around the mouth, and he resuscitated. For a time people
did not die. There was no death for a time. Then after a while it
gave out. Behold when there got to be no more salmon backbone
meat again, then again at intervals they were dying, when there
was no more of the salmon backbone meat. They [the two girls]
are the ones that said it: ‘‘I do not care how bad one feels over his
dead one; he will never die for that. When he gets sick, then he will
die.”’ It is talk of long ago: ‘‘One will not die, I do not care how
bad he feels for his dead one, he will think that he is going to die
but he will not die.”

O

ease

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-

TAKAPA LANGUAGE _
JOHNRSWANTON,

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
BULLETIN 108

A DICTIONARY
OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

ACCOMPANIED BY TEXT MATERIAL

BY

ALBERT S. GATSCHET

AND

JOHN R. SWANTON

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1932

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.

Te

Dk, ae on ie £aON rk o

(ee

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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Bureau OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY,
Washington, D. C., May 16, 1931.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the accompanying manuscript,
entitled ‘‘A Dictionary of the Atakapa Language,” by Albert 8S.
Gatschet and John R. Swanton, and to recommend that it; be! pub-
lished as a bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Very respectfully yours,
M. W. Stiruine, Chief.
Dr. C. G. Assot,

Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
III

be | nor rerkal warOaw Re, 1 ae
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CONTENTS

Page

SBR COGATEG U1) ae es a 9 Bay IE sy ee 1
Atakapa texts:

aelhenwesterneAtaikawa =) 05 aero ee ee ee Se eS 9

She MOTELS 0 IE EUROS I PE PO x ly eg AT CD ely Laon 3 BE vba

Some inldnen seared and Taces oooh bk eT Ab We Se Uae 12

sho aS) Capa) GENES 0 gal SRS a er hs NU pst RA tl arty a Me apes ace da Ra 12

Tamerrapiic notice of Ponponne-22 422202222205 eee eee 14

Hence Cukubu and: Cyprien.. 2 22220245 22U 2 eee ea 16

PerConmMentron ble Sieks soe ee a Sa ee ee 17

eMMEATITNO RGA (OUTIL) eke er eee et ei Eo nn Sb al 18

9. A fight among negroes at Lake Charles_-___------------------- 20

Pea ene lish Cieponary so) Se 2 ek oe Se 21

PnoGex tothe Atakaps dictionary. .2.<.2222. 22.0522. 2s. Seek aees 161

ILLUSTRATION
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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 108 PLATE 1

ALBERT SAMUEL GATSCHET

A DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE
(ACCOMPANIED BY TEXT MATERIAL)

By Aupert S, Gatscuet and Joun R. Swanton

INTRODUCTION

By Joun R. Swanton

Atakapa dialects were spoken from Vermilion Bay and the lower
course of Bayou Teche, La., to Galveston Bay and Trinity River,
Tex., and extended westward from the Trinity an uncertain distance
between the territories of the Tonkawan and Karankawan tribes. All
of the Indians between Vermilion and Galveston Bays were called
Atakapa by the French, but those on Trinity River and Bay were
known to the Spaniards as Horcoquisa, Orcoquisac, or some similar
designation, which we may simplify to Akokisa. The termination
isa or isac stands for the native word ‘‘ishak”’ (icak) meaning “people,”
but the significance of the first two syllables is uncertain. They
may contain the word for ‘river,’ or the word meaning ‘‘west.”’
Hikike ishak would be ‘‘western people’? and might have been
employed in contradistinction to the name given some of the Louisi-
ana bands, i. e., Hiyekiti ishak, ‘‘eastern people,” or ‘‘sunrise
people.”. The name “‘Atakapa”’ was an opprobrious epithet bestowed
by the Choctaw. It signifies ‘‘man-eater’”’ (hatak-apa) and probably
was not confined in application to the people under consideration
but extended to the Gulf coast tribes in this region generally, who
did, it is true, have the gruesome custom of eating portions of dead.
enemies, though cannibalism was by no means extensively resorted to.

Most that is known regarding the history and ethnology of the
Atakapa I have already given in Bulletin 43 of this series. Further
interesting notes have been collected by Dr. J. O. Dyer in two small
pamphlets entitled ‘‘The Early History of Galveston” (Pt. I,
Galveston, 1916), and ‘‘The Lake Charles Atakapas (Cannibals)
period of 1817-1820” (Galveston, 1917).

In Bulletin 68 I instituted a linguistic comparison between the
Atakapa, Chitimacha, and Tunica languages, which had been placed
by Powell in three distinct linguistic families, and from this concluded
that they were genetically related. I suggested the name Tunican for
the new stock, since Tunica was the oldest of the three to appear in
the narratives of European explorers, and, signifying simply ‘‘people,”’

a

2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 10

is more appropriate than either of the others. In the International
Journal of American Linguistics (vol. 5, Nos. 2-4, pp. 121-149) will
be found a grammatical sketch of the language prepared by the
present writer.

The Atakapa and Akokisa embraced four or five principal bands—
on Vermilion Bayou, Mermentau, Calcasieu, the Sabine and Neches,
and Trinity Rivers. The two first mentioned were those known
especially as Hiyekiti or Easterners, and spoke a dialect differing in
some measure from the language of the remainder. Judging by the
only vocabulary of Akokisa which has been preserved to us, the speech
of the Trinity River Atakapa differed little from that of the Calcasieu
and Sabine Indians. It is probable, though not as yet demonstrated,
that the tribe which gave Opelousas its name spoke the Eastern
Atakapa tongue. Plainly its affinities were either with Atakapa or
Chitimacha and not with the Muskhogean family. Westward, the
researches of Prof. Herbert E. Bolton have shown quite conclusively
that the Atakapan group included the Bidai, after whom Bedias Creek
has received its name, and at least two tribes still farther west, the
Deadoses and Patiri. The Han, found by Cabeza de Vaca in occu-
pancy of the eastern end of Galveston Island in 1528, were probably
Atakapan. Han may have been derived from afi or a”, the Atakapa
word for “house.” .

The first vocabulary known to have been taken down from any
tribe of this group was also the last to be brought to the attention of
students. It was collected by Jean Bérenger, captain of the vessel
Subtile, in which an expedition under Bernard de la Harpe set out
for the Bay of Saint Bernard in 1721. Falling short of their objective,
the explorers visited Galveston Bay and returned to Louisiana in
less than a month, carrying off with them nine of the Indians of that
region, who escaped not long afterwards and undertook to return to
their native country. There is reason to suppose that part of them
succeeded, since, in 1722, some Indians from the westward visited
New Orleans and stated that eight of this band had passed through
their country and had been supplied by them with bows and arrows
in order that they might obtain subsistence for themselves during
the rest of their journey. On the passage to Louisiana with these un-
fortunates Bérenger, by taking down a vocabulary of 45 words, was
able to compensate to the learning of the future, and in some meas-
ure to the Indians themselves, for the cruel act of hissuperior. This
invaluable record of Akokisa speech lay hidden among the colonial
documents in the national archives of France until 1919 when, along
with an equally valuable Karankawa vocabulary, it was published
by MM. de Villiers du Terrage and Paul Rivet in the Journal de la
Société des Américanistes de Paris.! A copy of Béranger’s memoir

1 Les Indiens du Texas et les Expéditions francaises de 1720 et 1721, in vol. x1 (n.s.), 1914-19, pp. 403-442.

Ewarron! DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 3

had meanwhile found its way into a collection of manuscripts in the
possession of a Swiss gentleman and these were purchased by Edward
EK. Ayer to add to his Americana in the Newberry Library, Chicago.
J came upon this in the course of investigations in the Ayer collec-
tion and obtained a photostat copy. The two vocabularies, along
with explanatory material and facsimile reproductions of the copies,
I prepared for publication in the International Journal of American
Linguistics, but before they could be put in type the one by Du
Terrage and Rivet made its appearance and I withdrew my own.
This would not now require mention except that on one or two points
the copy, or my interpretation of the copy, is nearer the Atakapa
original as checked by Gatschet’s material than the rendering given
in the French publication. Perhaps, when the copy was made, the
original writing was clearer than at present, or possibly my greater
familiarity with Atakapa through the Gatschet vocabularies may
have given me an advantage in transliterating some of the words.
For our knowledge of the eastern Atakapa dialect we are almost
entirely dependent on a vocabulary containing 287 entries taken down
at the Attackapas Post (modern Franklin) April 23, 1802, by Martin
Duralde, along with a Chitimacha vocabulary and some scanty
ethnological information. Pilling attributes the original collection
of the words to a man named Murray from whom Duralde copied
them, and indeed the common use of sh with its English value instead
of the ch which a Frenchman would have used, or x or some other
circumlocution a Spaniard would probably have employed, lends
color to the idea that it came through someone familiar with English.
One copy of this vocabulary reached the American Philosophical
Society in Philadelphia through Dr. John Sibley. It was published
in part by Albert Gallatin, along with his comparative vocabularies,
in the Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian
Society, Volume II (Cambridge, 1836), pages 307-367, and in John
Severin Vater’s Analekten der Sprachenkunde, Leipzig, 1821, pages
63-84. A copy of the Atakapa words in the latter was made by Oscar
Loew in May, 1877, and revised by Doctor Gatschet in January,
1879. Gaitschet’s copy is preserved among the manuscripts in the
Bureau of American Ethnology and has been one main reliance of
the writer for the eastern Atakapa forms. Another copy of this
manuscript, apparently that retained by its author, was later dis-
covered among some old papers in the loft of a house at or near
Opelousas, La., where they had lain for some 40 years, and where
unfortunately the mice had destroyed considerable portions of them.
Its title, translated from the original French, was, ‘‘Two vocabularies
of the Indian nations, the Chetimaches and Attacapas, being a
letter written to Sir William Dunbar, respecting some of the curi-

4 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

osities of the country, to be communicated to the Society of the
North.” This translation and a translation of the rest of the original
material, except of course the Indian terms, was made by a Dr. W. M.
Carpenter, the gentleman who furnished the above information.
In his introductory note he gives the date ‘‘August 23d, 1848,”
but it does not appear to whom the manuscript was sent, though it
was among some papers of J. R. Bartlett which came to the Bureau
of American Ethnology through Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt. Presumably
the original remained in Doctor Carpenter’s possession and we can
hardly hope that it has survived. The William Dunbar ennobled by the
author of the original manuscript is of course that ‘‘ William Dunbar
of Natchez’ whose journal of explorations up the Red, the Black,
and the Washita Rivers (in Documents Relating to the Purchase
and Exploration of Louisiana, Boston, 1904) and paper on The
Language of Signs Among Certain North American Indians (Trans-
actions of the American Philosophical Society vol. VI (0. s.), pp.
1-8, Philadelphia, 1809) are well known. By him it was evidently
transferred to Doctor Sibley and thus to the Philosophical Society,
“‘the Society of the North” of the manuscript.

Although Gatschet took pains to correct the printed vocabularies
by comparing them with the original, on the whole the Carpenter
manuscript appears to be more reliable than his own copy, at least if
we may judge by a comparison of both with the language of the
western Atakapa. A few words in confirmation of the correctness of
some of those in the manuscripts were obtained by Gatschet in 1885
from Louison Huntington, one of his two principal informants, who
had gotten them from an eastern Atakapa woman named Fanchon-
ette, wife of the last western Atakapa head chief.

The western Atakapa linguistic material, constituting by far the
greater portion that has been preserved, was collected by Doctor
Gatschet in January, 1885, at Lake Charles, from Louison Hunt-
ington and Delilah Moss, or Delia Moss as she was commonly called.
The latter was one year younger than Louison, but seems to have
been the better informant, and she had a much fuller knowledge of
English. Gatschet made his earliest records from Louison, using
first a copy of Powell’s Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages.
Later he employed a number of small school copy books ruled with
21 lines to the page which he afterwards had bound together and
lettered ‘“Atakapa Language”’ on the back. The writing begins on
page 3 and extends to page 178, but there are two pages of entries in
Mobilian, two pages devoted to ‘‘Atdkapa-Shetimasha affinities”
and containing nothing new, and one or two unused or only partially
used pages. The rest is filled quite solidly. Almost the whole of the
entries on pages 3 to 115, inclusive, consisted originally of material

Ronee DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 9)

obtained from Louison Huntington and was entered in black ink.
Afterwards Gatschet went over all of this with Delilah Moss, making
corrections and amplifications in red ink, and sometimes inserting
new words. From a point near the bottom of page 115 to page 175
he made new entries obtained from Delilah, sometimes using red ink,
sometimes black, but these are easily distinguished from the rest by
the absence of alterations. The material in both sections consists
mainly of words and phrases, but, from Louison, Gatschet took down
about 4% pages of text (pp. 97-100 and a half page on 112), corrected
as usual with the help of Delilah, and about 13 pages from Delilah
herself (pp. 154-157, 161-163, 166-167, 170-175).

In reproducing this material I have endeavored to include all
renderings given which were not afterwards cut out by Gatschet.
At first I tried to indicate which forms or parts of forms were from
Louison and which from Delilah, but it proved impossible to differ-
entiate clearly between them, except in the texts. As I have already
stated, the entire body of material obtained from Louison was gone
over with the help of Delilah, and therefore the latter became responsi-
ble for by far the greater portion of it. In certain cases where it
seemed best to note one or the other of these two as authority I have
done so by inserting the letters ‘‘L” or ““D.”” All forms derived from
Powell’s Introduction are followed by the letter “‘I.’’ Without excep-
tion these seem to have come from Louison. Words from the eastern
Atakapa dialect have the letters ‘‘“E. D.” after them, and where
forms in the two versions of the Murray manuscript are appreciably
different, the letter ‘‘C”’ has been employed for the Carpenter version
and the letter ‘‘P”’ for that in Philadelphia. Words taken from the
Akokisa vocabulary of Bérenger are accompanied by the abbreviation
“Ak.” The eastern Atakapa and Akokisa words have been modified
to some extent so as to conform to the phonetic system employed in
reproducing Gatschet’s material, but where this varies from the
original the latter is placed immediately after it in brackets. A few
forms were collected by the writer from Armojean Reon in 1908,
and those carry the letters ‘‘A. R.”’; two or three from Teet Verdine,
obtained in 1907, have his name spelled out.

The phonetic system employed is far from perfect, and of course it
can never become perfect. In the main it repeats the one used by
Gatschet except that 4 is used instead of 4, c instead of sh, x
instead of ’h, x for x and } instead of ‘1. Though & and 4 are
ordinarily employed for distinct sounds, Armojean Reon seemed to
pronounce Gatschet’s 4’s like English “short” &. Initial l’s (Gat-
schet’s ‘l1) appear oftener as tl, and consequently I have entered them
that way, though placing them by themselves. In all probability
they represent the ubiquitous Southeastern surd |. It is not at all
clear that ’h and x, my x and x, stand for distinct sounds, though the

6 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

second seemed to be formed a little farther back in the throat. Fortis
sounds are known to have been present in Coahuilteco and Chiti-
macha, and there is every reason to believe that they occurred in
Atakapa, but if so they were not heard either by Gatschet or myself.
Practically no attempt has been made to standardize the sounds or
the words, for, unless that is carefully done, it is safer to preserve
variant forms from which the original may in some measure be
inferred. Accents and hyphens have also been left about as in the
original, though accentuation of single-syllabled words seems rather
unnecessary. Where several forms of a stem are given, that which
I regard as most likely to be correct has been placed first. Accents
have been omitted from stems or words used as headings except in
polysyllabic words from the Western Dialect. In only a few cases
do words preserved from the Eastern Dialect contain accents.

The following list will give some idea of the significance of the
phonetic signs employed:

a, a; continental a, 4 where the length of the sound was particularly noticeable.

a; a obscure as in ability.

4; a in fat.

4; a in hall.

4; ai in hair, used occasionally.

é, e; continental long e, like English long a, € used where the length is
pronounced.

é; e in set.

I; continental long i, English long e.

i; short i as in pit, often verging into i.

0; long o as in mote.

6; 0 as in top, but rarely used.

u; continental long u, English oo.

0; like u in full.

w, y; as in English.

n; indicates nasalization in the preceding vowel sound.

ii; like ng in sing and with the vowel preceding closely related to the pure nasals.
Occasionally I seemed to catch a nasal sound intermediate between ™ and fi, and
this is given as ®.

n, m; as in English.

X, Xj spirants already explained.

h; as in English, often not heard by the recorder.

1, as in English.

t, tl, a surd 1 found in most Southeastern languages and wanting in English
but somewhat like the combination of thl or hl. Sometimes it seems to be pro-
nounced more nearly like English tl, but this may be due to European influence.

f; a bilabial f not very common and often rendered p. Gatschet sometimes
replaces f and w by v but this is probably erroneous.

p, b; t, d; k, g; ts, dz; the sonants appear very rarely, but it is probable that
two series of sounds are actually involved as is the case in Chitimacha and we
know through Garcia’s catechism to have been the case in Coahuilteco, the one
probably a fortis series, the other medial sounds, but the distinction, if such
existed, has been lost. Gatschet occasionally has te, de, and ds, but these are
mere variants of ts and dz.

GATSCHET e ‘
Secrets DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE i

e; about equivalent to English sh. There was probably no true s in the
Western Dialect, though s appears in place of c in some instances. In our only
record of the Eastern Dialect s is fairly common and may have existed as an
independent sound, or it may have been used by the recorder instead of ec.

j; equivalent to z in English ‘‘azure.”’

kk, kg, gg; a combination of letters occurring frequently in the Eastern Atakapa
material and probably intended for x or x, or for one of these accompanied by k.

th; occurring in several Eastern Atakapa forms. Whether this is equivalent to
t as in French, or is intended for t or for some other sound it is impossible to say.

’; indicates a pause.

The author of the Eastern Atakapa vocabulary states that he has ‘‘suppressed
all the diphthongs, or double and triple vowels” and ‘‘employed only simple
vowels; pronouncing each as is the case in Spanish, even in cases where there are
several in succession, so that each vowel constitutes a syllable or very distinct
natural sound.’”’ In view of the repeated doubling of vowels in the material,
this statement is rather important because the same tendency is observed in
Caddo, spoken just to the north of the Atakapa country. If there was borrowing
it was probably by the Atakapa, since the feature is not so markedly developed
in Western Atakapa. The writer of the manuscript insists also that each of the
phonetics in consonantic clusters was sounded, but he himself is not consistent
in using them.

The arrangement of material in this work is similar to that in the
Biloxi Dictionary, Bulletin 47. The Atakapa-English material has
been placed under stems or the smallest units into which words
may be analyzed. The English-Atakapa section is simply an index
to enable the student to find the nearest English equivalents in the
Atakapa-English part. For the convenience of the investigator the
lexical material has been prefaced by two tables, one giving the numer-
als in the two dialects and the other the verbal and nominal affixes
so far as these have been identified. The pronominal and imperative
affixes and a few others have also been given a place in the stem
catalogue.

The present publication contains all the Atakapa linguistic material
now known to be in existence and, since no speakers of Atakapa remain
and there is slight prospect of amplifications from manuscript sources,
our appreciation of the language itself and its relations to other
Indian tongues must rest upon this. As it is, our knowledge would
be infinitely less had it not been for Doctor Gatschet’s industrious
month at Lake Charles, his material constituting well over nine-tenths
of the total. While this is but one of Doctor Gatschet’s numerous
services to the cause of American linguistics, our relative dependence
upon him in this case is probably greater than in any other single
instance. I am indebted to Miss Caroline Dormon, of Chestnut,
La., for some notes and corrections in entries bearing on fauna and
flora.

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ATAKAPA TEXTS

1. THe WeEsTERN ATAKAPA

Yuk’hi’ti = ica’k waci.-.a .nép... nin. nulti’binst, ;tu’l
the Atakapa people old here below villages lived (or were lake(s)
(in this bend) settled)
O’ci nun nulti/hinst. Te’puk ne’c_ hihulat. Ce’c-ne’c
[or hiculat]
on the vil- inhabited peach trees they planted fig trees
borders of lages
hi‘hulat. Ki’ wile 01 ne’e, tepu’k ku’tskuts ne’c
[or hiculat]
they planted white men’s persimmon trees plum trees
(apple trees)
hi‘hulat. Mo’yu[m] kimat, tso-o’ts, kona’n old] hi‘hulat.
[or hiculat] [or hiculat]
they planted pumpkins beans corn potatoes sweet they planted
Ya’-ins(o). La’ns 41, cako’, kan&’n, noha’me a’yip, ndi’, 5
[or nt’i]
they ate deer meat bear turtles (chicken in swamps) catfish
turkey
pit, i-a’n, yao la’klak, coknd’k, no’kte-u — me’Iméil,
perch (perhaps gaspergou ducks geese
the ‘‘choupique’’)
enke’wict, anhipo’n, akip tsdk, pa’tsal cd’pe, ta’kict,
pheasant rabbit water-turkey squirrels kantak (smilax)
ko’nen a’yip, kat?hdo’pe, na’-u-o’‘hox, ggu’-i, dl, = a'/lifi
potato in marshes pond lily (or chinkapin cactus pears per- grapes
water chinkapin) (pistaches) simmons
hicdm, alin hicka’m, hila’fi-wol te’-1, ku’le-wale
small grapes big soko of the vines peanuts
ya -ins. Yuk’hi' ti mon coki'ti(L) cake’ at coko’-i(L) 10
co’ xkiti(D) coxko’-i(D)
[or coko’-i]
they ate the Indians all (many) chiefs they had chief
tanuk mon cokiya’-i <O’tsi tane’-uts. Lo’ coko’-iyit
one all head of above others Lo was chief
ha‘l ~=yuk’hi’ts(?) ~—s cakica’kip_ ~—s ut. —- Lo’ ~~_sihhila’-i_—syok’hiti’
a of the Indians people toward Lo wife of Indians
as
wine’ -ulat. Hiye’kiti cakio’nhulet. Kauka’u hiye’kiti
they found (as Eastern they called (her sun at the rising
a child) Atakapa nation)
hiya’fi nu’fi nultehi‘nst.] Tawatwe’ndt Utsuta’t ut. Cuka’kulét
yonder villages they lived they prayed to Otsotat they danced
(there) standing

9

10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

15 Utsuta’t ut. Ce’c pi’m wacwa’ci pi’m pu’mulat. I’cak hila’-i

to Otsotat of the the of the old dance they danced aman wife
young dance
tanu’k ke’at, icadk hila’-i_ tsik ke’-én _ hatse’-ec. Pa’Inal
one he had aman wives two when he it was bad (a chief on
had Middle Lake)
hila’-i wa‘ci pdam-nimat. Hila’yi ta’xnik pa’mat, Palna’l
wife older beat and killed wife {he had three) other beat Palnal
hila’-i, wa’ ci kie pa’ m-nimat; yi'l lat himato’l-u
wife old woman beat and killed days three or four
tati’hin-tat ha ica’t pa’mlike mon. Kauka’u a’m’n a/nike
he lay down his head mashed all water he had his ears
drunk
20 nta’héntat.
came out

Hakit hukica’k hokia’lulha’-uxe (L), hie’ntsét wét
hokia‘lul a’-ue (D)

their relatives they could not marry brothers _ sisters (said
by woman)

a cihina’k kicé’t okia’lul inak.

this like sisters they as if
(said by man). married

Wo’cifia hina’két. Ke’c ’n cakio’l te’c moh cakmafma’nét,

naked they went women and men hair long was worn by
almost them
ca’kiol katna’-u cak’a’xc. Hatiu’leo ’n’o’hik cakatko’pcén
men beard had none they painted with red they painted them-
themselves paint selves white
25hatmé’leo; haki’t ica’k ka’-u hatméleo pu’mudl(L) na/’-u
pu’mul(D)
they painted their relatives when dead they painted (when) they feathers
themselves black black danced
ha‘kit ica’tip hatna’-inst? hati’dsom, haki’t — cificna’/ni
their heads on they put on themselves little on them- they a little
selves calabash (rattle)

tikpu’mudl (or tikpii’mst)(L) haki’t naxecna’n.
tikpum ne’kin(D)

at the dancing place they sounded

The following version of the bracketed section was given by
Delilah Moss:

Lo” =yuki'ti “hel coxko’yit yukhit ci#kica’k ut/-"Eo

Lo Indians the last was chief Indian relations of Lo’s
hila’-i = yuk’hi‘ti wine’-ulat. Ha’ cakicak Hiye’kiti

wife Indians they found her relations Easterners
30 cakio’ficulat. Kaukau’ ka’ckin wine’ -ulat. Hiye’kiti

they called of the sea ina they found Hiye’kiti

them swelling
cakio’ficulat, nu’nkin’ to’hulat kakau’ iye’tsné i't (or o't,
or hut)
they called in villages they lived of sun at rise oward

them

Leabjpariide DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE Ef

1. Tore WESTERN ATAKAPA

The old Atakapa people lived in villages below this place, on the
borders of the lakes. They planted peach trees. They planted fig
trees. They planted apple trees and plum trees. They planted
pumpkins, beans, corn, and sweet potatoes. They ate of them. They
ate deer meat, bear (meat), turtles, turkeys, catfish, perch, the
choupique, gaspergou, ducks, geese, pheasants, rabbits, water
turkeys, squirrels, muscadines, kantak (China briar), marsh potatoes,
water chinkapins, chinkapins, cactus pears, persimmons, small grapes,
big grapes, the soko, and peanuts. The Indians had many chiefs, one
being head of all the rest. [Lo was the last head chief. The wife of
Lo was a foundling. Her nation was called Easterners (Eastern
Atakapa). They lived in villages over yonder toward the rising sun.]
The [Atakapa] prayed standing to One-above. They danced the
sacred dance. to One-above. They also danced the young people’s
dance and the old people’s dance. A man had but one wife, and when
a man had two it was a bad thing. Palnal’s older wife beat him to
death. His other wife beat him. When Palnal’s older wife beat him
to death his body lay on the ground three or four days with the head
mashed in. ‘The water he had drunk ran out of his ears.

Relatives were not allowed to marry, since it was as if brothers
married sisters and sisters married brothers.

They went almost naked. Men and women wore their hair long,
and the men did not wear beards. They danced painted with red and
white paint and, when relatives had died, with black paint and with
feathers on their heads, sounding a rattle at the dancing place.

Delilah Moss’s version of the bracketed portion:

Lo was the last chief of the Indians. Lo’s wife was a foundling.
Her relatives were Easterners (Eastern Atakapa). They found her
during a high tide. They called them Easterners (or Sunrise people)
because they lived in villages toward the sunrise.

2. CaKxTa’LKO
Yuk’hi ti ica’k ka’-u ha’talko’at hina’k cakio’fculét,
the Atakapa a man dead pane bts thus they named it

Icai’k ica’t ha’n hv’-ulat; po’-ol tsa’t’n hu’-ulat, ha

human head _ not having they saw loweredinfront afterward they saw his
to’-unta’v’m (D)

ica’t ha u’c mon na’-ucém. Kiwile hiku’lat to’nta’vm (L)

(to’nta’fm (L)

to’-unta’v’m (D))
head his body all covered with hair thecreoles have seen him sometimes

nec hico’mckin yuk’hi‘ti tu’lip 1d0’xkin’ iwa’t’n _ hi’/nst;35
trees small Indian Lake on (&) ontheprairie he came he is seen
(bushes)
yi'l iwa t’n.
in the daytime to come.

66784—32 2

diy BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

2. CaxTa’LKO (HUMAN-SKIN DESIRER)

When an Atakapa was dead he turned into a being desiring skins, and
they called him by this name. When one first encountered him, he
appeared to Jack a head but afterwards they saw his head bent for-
ward and his body all covered with hair. Creoles have seen him at
times coming through the bushes on the prairie by Indian Lake and
in the daytime.

3. CHILDREN’S Ears AND Faces

Yuki‘tic no’me _ ica‘tkin pa hit ha’ (L). Tsa’xta’ aihina’k
pa‘ltit ha’ (D) F the Choctaw like
the Ata kapa the their head did not flatten
children
icatkii capa’Icita’-ha. Huké’t haki’t u’ts cakito’leénct
the head flattened not the mothers their nose put in order
an cakito’lcénct ahena‘ka u’ts cakiwi‘lénst. Itiyi‘le
the ears arranged, in the same the they put in one month
put in order way as noses order

40 tanu’k cakiwi'‘lénst. An cakte’lcénst tanu’kip yilkit mon;

one they put it the they put once during the day
in order ears in order

haki’t an kima’tip ne’ o’ts o’t a’n cakte’lent (or telte’lenst)

their ears intheinside (from) up to the unfolded to enlarge
below ear

Delilah Moss substituted the following for the sentence in brackets:

38a Tsaxta’ hakit .no’mec_ ica‘t cakpalpa’licat.
Choctaw their children heads flattened.

3. CHILDREN’S Ears AND Faces

The Atakapa did not flatten the heads of their children like the
Choctaw. Mothers shaped the noses and ears of their children. They
continued this for a month. They shaped them once every day,
unfolding (or enlarging) the ears by rubbing them on the inside from
bottom to top.

4. Yu ue China wil 0) a

written to a person to come
(invitation)

42 Yil pa’xé ’nya’-uta ’no’kne = a’fi-idsd’n otd’/leo ’nké’tne

days seven I will wait for you to come room have ready you to stay in
(or expect) you ;

yuki't a’nkin. Yate’ “10 ok’ "Prt xts\a "Ate Dat eee
our house in word, send me come whether or not
writing you can

athaxka man. ket “nu'xts, a?
how long stay you can vs

cere | DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 13
| mon ta’-i 7) ho’ktiwé icwa néhé ’nta’n 45
day all, river along together we will walk or
even (two or many)
ne’c-pa'l idso™kin to’(h)i-a lo’xkin’ ti‘u-sakio’ns icwa’fiéhé,
in buggy getting into on the prairie go and visit we ee ett
or go
nta’n tu’-ké’mce icwa néhé, iya fi(D) tiv ia na’-u oxo’x
or boat-row we will go u go and chinkapins
(=rowboat) ya i (D )
ere
icyamene; ayip kuna’, kaxld’pe, tsdma ku’ts, coxmd’n
we to gather marsh potatoes bia ee crawfish everything
nuphar
icya mcéhé. Kidso’nkckin cakwakéhé ING ad
we shall gather in the fire (or cakwaktikit (better) ) fish and

we will bake

pit ya’ katpa’ koko’kic-o’-ik cakicau’tsél yuki't kan50

perch and trout fish-hook line by we catch (them) our home
cakti'ts ya cakitsa’-e he’-u, ya’-e- (h)atpe’netsel. Té’fis
we carry them and we fry them many (we) eat enough we do on evenings
tansta’lik icanka’mcne coxto’l ické’tne.
with cards we will play luck us for having
Yuki't nu nkin pu’m icha xc a itiyi'le. Yuki'ti
our village in dente, we have this month the Indian
a
fea t-to ke *coxko'4u “wa'ci ka wet. ““Ha” ‘hila’-i | cok’hé’c
Head-round chief old died his wife is sick
ya’ ka’-u ha‘nét. Koyi'u —, hiwe’-u ke’at. Yuk’hi'ti 55
and to die failed, cold strong, bad had the Indian
came near
ipco’'k o’k ya’ pe’neat p’ock téd’ts’ hita’-uc. Tsanu’k
conjurer came and cured blood sucking it out a horse

mi’cat pé’nene.
she gave for curing (her)

Naki't tsanu’k cakwinétém nak caka’xlecat ka’

your horses did you find ye which you lost that
which
yil hiwe’-u_ tsika’t lat? Ica&k tsanu’ki if cakna’-uc;
weeks ago, since, three? men onahorse onasearch, let them
past (only lookout

said of weeks)

yanék mon ’nka’né, cakwiné cokwa‘fiic ya’ coktu’kulet.60

that is all for youtodo find them and drive them up and fetch them
Icak cokcaktsdfic ko” uw’xts.
men thieves catch they can
Kile’ t-ki’c yulké ya’ yi'l hiwe’-u_tsika’t’ tsi’k, = ya’
(name of Delilah’s. was married and weeks ago two and
mother)
(no’'me) tsic ke’ne, O61 hac John Annie _ yilwai’tikit.
baby having for near and he John Annie will marry
(in time),
soon
Wi cakno’me pu’ckin wa ii a nika’metit co’ ktokcik,
my children out of doors £0 playing with the ball

(cokto’ke, ball)

14 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

65cokio’l no’‘mc i haki’t ~=cukidle-hatke’ mon =Ilu’cém _ ta’leém.

the boys their pantaloons all full of dirt full of holes

Tsi’s wan-haihai’ckit. Hiye’n te’m nima’-utsél ya’

baby goes crying a hog yesterday we killed and
kuyak’ho’ caka’tsel.

sausages we made
O’k, ichu’, pél ha’ tsanu’ki ite-u okne. ’Ntol
come see us far not on a horse to travel coming well with
(it is) for you

/

a’ *natna’ha?

is how are you?
how do you feel?

4. An INVITATION TO VISIT

I will look for you in seven days and have ready for you a room
in our house. Send me word whether you can come or not and how
long you can stay.

Every day we will walk along the river together or, getting into a
buggy, go out calling, or go out in a rowboat to gather chinkapins,
marsh potatoes, nuphar, crawfish, and everything else. We will bake
them in the fire. We will catch catfish, perch, and trout with hooks
and lines, carry them home, and fry and eat as many as we want. In
the evening we will try our luck at cards.

We have a dance in our village this month. Round-head, the old
Indian chief, died this month. His wife was sick and came near
dying. She had a bad cold. ‘The Indian conjurer came and cured
her by sucking out blood. She gave him a horse for curing her.

Did you find the horses you lost three weeks ago? Let men on
horseback search for them, find them, drive them along and bring
them here. They can catch the thieves.

Kile’t-ki’c is married and two weeks ago she had a baby, and soon
John will marry Annie. My children play bali out of doors every
day and get their pants covered with dirt and full of holes. The baby
goes about crying. Yesterday we killed a pig and made sausages.

Come and see us, for it is not far on horseback. Is it well with
you?

5. BroagrapHic Notice or PoNPONNE

70 Wet Kic Mok, Kic Mok n Ponponne i-o’ficulat Ta’kapo

cousin woman short Woman-short & Ponponne they called her Atakapa
kic =yuki‘ti nu’nkin ké’t’ntat, Yuk’hi’ti Tu’l to’lpot ino’
woman Indian village in lived Indian Lake on the east side
Tul Te’-u .iye’ edso".” Yan ketntat yula'ts stud
Lake End (End Lake) being smaller than there she lived we lake
ma ino-i_ icitsyu’tskin. Hac ipa’ ha’xcét (h)iu’xts
across while we grew up she husband had none I knew (her)

(was a widow)

atka’ki, ya’ nec palpa’l a’nkin§ ni’n-kétntat. Ikunyu’ts
ever since and (box) house in she lived young
split-plank

nen) DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 15

SWANTON

caktika’-u, coka’-hiwe’-u citha’i tll ya’ cokcukyi’ke ie
she looked doing much moss gathering and selling

(industrious) (picking to

y pieces)

bf

ya’ cukwa’k n a] pai-o’k ya pi lkin ti(xt)
and bread and meat came back and on the bed lying
(food) down

coxkei’ukit. Yuki‘ti o-ina’ka (h)atitd’le ha’hat. Komo’k

she sewed the Indians like dress oneself did not baskets
(all the time) (not like?)

he’-u-o’k:~‘tanu’ka~ =caka’ = ya’ scokcaki’kcat. Kic mo’kat
many different she made and she sold woman short was she
ya yolét; kitsak ka’-u ya’ wa‘fi-cakpa’mkox ya’

and angry inebriated whiskey-dead and going at them to and
beat them

cak’he’-uc. Ciko’m ‘’n_ tsanu’k ha/xcét. No’mc Jat ke’at80

to abuse them cattle and horses she had children three she
none had

cakio’] tsik, kic tanu’k, hidl wa‘cin i’ti ha’ @f
boys two female one (man) oldest his name
Toussaint, hidl idso™ ha’ éf Ursin, ha’ Yuk’hi'ti
Toussaint (man) younger his name Ursin his Indian
en, Konac¢; ickicrl* én * Louison, ' Yuk’hi'ti’’' en” Yoye’t
name Konae daughter’s name Louison Indian name Yoyo’t
n Kic Yu’ts. Cok he’-u cakwa‘nts u’xtsét ica/k cok

and Kie Yuts things many to tell knew (could) men gout
things

wacwa cif ku’Iltan’ ka’-ulat ka’ ha’ cakno’me ya’ ha85

ancient about long _ done done her children (to) and her
ago (things)

eakni’‘l. Cakyo’kat yoko’n haki’t o’t.

grandchil- she sang songs them to
dren

Ilu’ woc-pe’ ha’‘l imato’l = (h)atka’ki_ka’wat,

years ten and four (net hatka’kin) she died
(‘‘fingers ready’’) ago (in 1870)

ilu’ wocpe’ latsi’k hina’ka wi’cifi icla’uc ta’tik ka’wat,
years sixty about old (aged) yellow-fever of she died
Va wad niunkin imo culat.. Ha” nuk’ tyan im0‘cti(xt)
and her (not kAnkin) they buried by herself there she is buried
home at her alone and lies there

yuk’hi'ti cakimic-ne’kin ha’. Kic Tot, ha’ nil, Yoyo’t90
Indian graveyard in not Kic Tot her grandchild Yoyo’t
haiwackiei], ha’hue: it ka’wat ‘av nu‘nkin, \cok’hé’c
her daughter first, pre- died this town at disease
viously (i. e., Lake Charles)
(opposite=ha’1)
oktanu’k coka’-at. Kawi'le cakim06’c-né’nkin imo’culat.

the same she had French cemetery in they buried (her)
(Catholic)

5. Brograpuic Notict or PONPONNE

My cousin being a short woman, they called her Short-woman, and
also Ponponne. She was an Atakapa woman and lived in the Indian
village on the east side of Indian Lake, which is smaller than End Lake.

16 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

She lived there while we were growing up. During the time when I
knew her she was a widow and lived in a split-plank house. She
looked young and was very industrious, gathering and selling moss
and bringing back bread and meat, after which she lay down on the
bed and sewed. She did not dress like the Indians. She made many
different kinds of baskets and sold them. She was a short woman
and angry when she got drunk, when she went and beat and abused
(people). She had no cattle or horses. She had three children, two
boys and a girl, the elder boy being named Toussaint and the younger
Ursin, his Indian name being Konash, her daughter’s name Louison
and her Indian names Yoyo’t and Kic-yuts. She could tell to her
children and her grandchildren many things about what happened
in olden times. She sang songs to them.

She died 14 years ago (i. e., in 1870) aged about 60. She died of
yellow fever and they buried her at home. She is buried there by
herself, not in the Indian graveyard. Kic-t6dt, her grandchild, daugh-
ter of Yoyo’t, died before her at this town (i. e., Lake Charles).
She had the same disease. They buried her in the French cemetery.

6. Curer CuKuHv’-I AND CYPRIEN

Wis ikulea’ =Cu’kuhui_—soyuk’hi’ti_coxko’yat Ta’kapa o’tse.

my grandfather Cukuhuw-i Indians chief was Atakapa over
(maternal)
Pnlali’e. tae ote ain ke Untat) Purl ie ou o’ tse.
English Bayou on village he lived above

Lake End
(Lake Charles)
95Ha‘lkin tsi/peat Yuk’hi‘ti Tul o’t Iya’ wa‘cin nak

afterwards he removed Indian Lake to there very old
wacin hina’ka ilu’ wocpe’ la‘t atka’ki ka’wat. Hila’
about thirty years ago he died wile
ta‘nuk ke’at ha @f Mary Ann. Ickici'] nit ke‘at.
one he had her name Mary Ann daughters five he had
Hig')..,,ha’xcat. ...- Wi, oké’t:; itso?) vo-tkine’at: > Bee eres
sons he had none my mother youngest next to was her father
hoktiwé to’hulat, tik’ no‘me,. Wat ke st’ Wi | Gee
together she lived until children three she had my grandfather
100Ka’-ukin ya’ ha’e _spyilke’, tu’l ma ‘imo’ _ tsi peat,
after he died then she married the lake across migrated, removed
ya icitsiu’tsicat. Yuk’hi’t ité’t pe’l §(Cyprien) ica’k
and raised us, made us grow up Our stepfather Cyprien aman

(an Indian)
to’lat yuki’t no’mc o’t. Icyutsyu’ts ya tanu’kip co_ ha’

good was us children to he raised us then once never

icpa'ts ha‘hat. Wic wi itét iyania’n ha’xcat.

whipped us not I of my father afriad was not

Pa-ito’‘lucat wi’ ot. lJyu’tskin hac okwa’‘fic ot ti‘cat
too good he was me to when I was he war to went

grown up

Ce Aweae DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 17

ya ka’wat. Wi oké@t mai ilafi-wafitat. Tik’hu’ ko’hat105
and died my mother long grieved continually to go she wanted
(went on mourning) (to Alexandria)

ka’-u ha’xc§ =«6ta’n, ti’ec a’-ucat. Tanu’kip _ ti‘cat.

he died before to go she could not once she started
Tik’pa’yat. Kaukau’ ka’cik ici’x a’-ucat. Yuki’'t no’mcsém
she turned back water high cross she could not we children alone
fiextee). yukit make I tanulap rl tit nent)
stayed by ourselves night in one day before nearly
(pl. of kéto)
pa’-i mohat. Yuki'ts. icatsi’ckicat yuki’t oké’t hu‘ne.’
home she came we we were glad our mother to see
Ma ‘ake tie ko’hat. -Yuki‘ts.. tiene icd’fcat.. Keine’ 110
back togo (mother) we to go we did not to remain
wanted want
na mtsel ti’c ha’xene.
we begged to go not
(her)

6. Cuier CuKUHU’-I AND CYPRIEN

My maternal grandfather Cukuhu’-i was chief of the Atakapa.
He lived at a village on English Bayou above End Lake (Lake
Charles). Afterwards he removed to Indian Lake. There he died at
an advanced age, about 30 years ago. He had one wife named Mary
Ann. He had five daughters. He had no sons. My mother was next
to the youngest. She lived with her father until she had three chil-
dren. After my grandfather died she married again and moved across
the lake and brought us up there. Our stepfather Cyprien was good
to us children. He raised us and never whipped us once. I was not
afraid of my father. He was too good to me. When I was grown up
he went to war and died. My mother grieved for him a long time.
She wanted to go to him at Alexandria before he died but could not.
Once she started but turned back. The water was too high for her
to cross. We children stayed at home by ourselves. One night just
before day she came home. We were glad to see our mother. She
wanted to go back. We did not want her to go. We begged her to
remain and not to go.

7. TREATMENT OF THE SICK

Ca’ cok’hé’c hiwe’-u ka’-ulén, Ta’‘kapo ica‘ k
Some- sick very when became Atakapa people
body
hatwi'vat, ca’-ik cukte’-i hatse-e’c mi‘culat. Iti’ tanu’k
believed somebody medicine mischievous (somebody) night one
gave
okinu’lulat ha’ a’fikin, ina’-ulat, cuka’-ulat iti’ ~ma’fi
they gathered at his lodge entered it danced (re- night long
ligiously)

2 Cyprien fell sick at Alexandria, La., and died therein 1864. His wife was away from home 40 days in her
vain effort to see him there.

18 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

=—/~

115m6n__—sci’fiene cd’fixia ya’ na‘xkeulat. I’fic-wa’nkin yo’k

all gourd they rattled and played the while they were sing-
rattle : fiddle mourning ing
ya Yuk’hi’ti iped’k ha/l(kin) mo’k~ wa/‘nkit' ok hi’ya
and Indian conjurer after- (or mo’hat without came and
wards wa’nkit) is here saw him
pe‘neat ya’ yi keat. Tane’-u cakina’-uc ko’xca’hulat.
cured, and he paid others to let in, they would not
treated im admit
Ikunyu’tsip ina’-u cakna’-ucul ha’. Icak cuk’hé’c ka’-ukin
young people go into they let not of sick people after death
viwulat cok hatse-e’c hiwe’-u ___ka’-at.
they things wicked very had done
believed

7. TREATMENT OF THE SICK

When anyone was sick the Atakapa believed he had been given
bad medicine. One night they assembled at his house, entered it,
and danced religious dances all night, shaking gourd rattles and
playing on fiddles. While they were mourning they sang and after-
wards an Indian conjurer came to see him and treated him and was
paid for it. They would not let others go in. They would not let
young people go in. If a sick person died, they believed that some-
thing wicked had caused it.

8. Him6’c (BurRIAL)

120 Ta’kapa kic n ica k ka’-ukin, it utska’-uculat
Atakapa woman and man after death face over they covered
(it utska’-uc, face covering)
okyu‘lik ya’ oka’ o’ tsi. Vi vulat icak capi’ xk
by a hand- and a on the top they people dead
kerchief sheet believed (their spirits)
tane’-u- okeak’hu’-ulat. A’nkin ti’xkin’~ ok-hu’-ulat. Ka’-i
other went to see him in house while they visited then
lying i
an ka’t-pa’-ic na’-ulat ha’ a’nkin~ ka’-u_ atka’ki_ ti’k
door open they left his housein pleat since up to
is
imd‘ctin. Ne’ ta’mkin ya’ ha’l yi'‘lkin’ imd’culat. Cuka’
the funeral in a grave then next day they buried him dance
125 ha’fictin imO‘culat. Yuki’ ti md‘ne o’k-inu’lulat imd’c
having per- they buried Indians all met, gathered burial,
formed, ‘‘got (him) funeral
through,”’
ot ti’une. Ka’-uo’kin to’ke ya _ imd’culat. Ha cokmo’n
toward’ to go, the in wrapped and buried him his property
to proceed dead blanket all
oktewé imo’culat, hata’kinén, tsik-tluken@é wo’cke’, a/‘n
together they inhumed beads tobacco pipe rings

hatko’mc, kutsna’n tu’ik ka’ cko’p, na’-u, coxk-hatka’xk

earrings knife of cane made cups, moccasins clothing
vases

pe rae DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 19

SWANTON

mon, lakla’‘ke. Icd’k hokwa’fe wa‘fén ha’ cok’-okina’tsne

all of money men to war having his arms (or weapons)
gone

mon _ hoktiwé’ imd’culat, te’, tk, §yapu’xne, kutsne’, 130

all together they inhumed bow arrow lances, Spears knife
tik-cak’xa’-une, pém, a’tpa™tsné. Ya’ ica’k ka’-u

quiver gun shield (pro- that man dead
tector?)

yuk’hi‘'ti coxko’-in — ha’ tsanu’k, ne’c ipa‘xc, = 1¢ca't

an Indian chief of his horse saddle head

was

atyéné lakla’‘ke ko’pik ka’ hoktiwe = imd’culat. = Ica't

crown silver made together they inhumed head
atyéné lakla’kc ko’pik ka’ wine’-ulat Yuk’hiti Tu’
crown silver made they found of Indian Lake
hikif ino’ né hui iwa/lkin, nu’] ta’‘mtin | nec-kific ta’mc a™ 135
’
west side of ground in the among the when digging saw-cutting house
shells (=sawimnill)

nul ka’tin, paya’ke imd‘culat. Tcha’kta yuk’hiti ica‘t

laying (foundation) again they buried The Indians head
and making it Choctaw
atyi’nsne hina‘ka_cake’at (for cak’ke‘at’).
crowns of same had
kind
Vcak ka’-u a’fi Ja’wi-ulat. Ha cakica’k tsi’pculat hiwe’ve
of thedeadman the house they burnt his families, removed ile
relations
tanu’k ma’-i. Imd’c mak maf ka’ ya ho‘’xp na’-ulat
one over,furtherthan grave mound longshaped they made and ahole they left over
co’ ita’xne. V’cak capi’xk cakla’wiulhahat. 140
spirit (‘‘heart’’) to come out the dead man burn they never did

8. Him6’c (Buri)

After the death of an Atakapa woman and man, they covered the
face with a handkerchief and a sheet. They believed that other dead
people (i. e., their spirits) came to see him. While he was lying in
the house they went to see him. So they left the door of his house
open from the time of his death until the funeral. Next day they
buried him in a grave. They buried him after having finished the
ceremonial dance. The Indians all met to go to the burial. They
buried him wrapped in a blanket. They buried all of his property
at the same time— beads, tobacco pipes, rings, earrings, knives made
of cane, cups, moccasins, all of his costumes, and his money. If he
had been a warrior, they buried all of his weapons at the same time,
his bow, arrows, lances, knives, quiver, gun, shield. If the dead man
was an Indian chief, they buried his horse, saddle, and silver crown.
A silver crown was found on the west side of Indian Lake in the
ground when digging among the shells while laying the foundations
of a sawmill and they reburied it. The Choctaw Indians had head
crowns of the same kind.

20 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

They burned the dead man’s house. His relatives moved more
than a mile from the place. They made a long grave mound and left
a hole at the top to enable the spirit to come out. They never burned
the dead.

9. A Fignt Amona Neacroes at LAKE CHARLES

Samti’ hiti’ ku’cemelmél pu’m_ ka’-ulat. Wa‘fi-pum ya’ _ kic

Saturday night negroes a dance, ball made when they were dancing woman
tanu’k ta’xn ot (ut) ikat pa’két. Ya ki’c ta’xnik wa/ntsat:
one other on foot stepped the woman other said
“wiika’t ’npa‘kat.” ‘Atsi’c-kic ha’!’’ wa’nat. Hika’-uckin,
on my foot you stepped I don’t care she said on getting through
ka’t o’ts pa’két. Ya cukid’l hak’hi‘tic ok-ina’tsilat.
mouth on sheslapped her sad men they came (er began) to fight
the
145 Kitsa’k cakpi’xk ya pam (h)okpa’miculat ya
whisky they drank (were dead drunk on) and fist | knocked each other down with and
(h)okpé’mulat. Tane’-u_ tu’lkin’ pa’‘k-cakpa’kicat. Tane’-u
fired at each other some in the lake threw them into (pak=threw) some
kaukau’kin pu’m-hik’hu’leulat. Waf-hokpé’mkin i’cak cakd’ine
into the water they jumped into when they shot at each other the constable (sheriff)
okeékia’/lat. Vcak ni’t a’fila’kin~ cakina’-uculat. Kec Jat
arrested them men five in the jail he placed in women three
cakina’-uculat. Yil hiwe’-u pétik yi’'l cakita’-uculat tanu’k
he put in Monday they let them out one
150 ik’hu’ntan a/‘fila‘kin ti’(xt).
© (or ik’hu’ntén) — iia lies
yet

9. A Ficgot AmMone NeGroes At LAKE CHARLES

Saturday night the negroes had a dance. While they were dancing,
one woman stepped on the foot of another. The other woman said,
‘““You have stepped on my foot.’”’ “I don’t care,’’ she answered.
Upon that the first slapped her on the mouth. Then the men began
to fight. They had been drinking whisky and knocked one another
down with their fists and shot at one another. Some were thrown
into the lake. Others jumped into the water. When they started to
shoot at one another, the sheriff arrested them. He put five men in
jail. He put three women in jail. Monday they were let out, except
for one who is still in jail.

ATAKAPA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

(THE MATERIAL ARRANGED UNDER STEMS)

(Ak), words from the Akokisa vocabularyof Bérenger.

(A. R.), words collected by Doctor Swanton from Armojean Reon in 1908.

(D), words or sentences obtained by Doctor Gatschet from Delilah Moss.

(1), words obtained by Doctor Gatschet from Louison Huntington and entered
in a copy of Powell’s Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages.

(L), words or sentences obtained by Doctor Gatschet from Louison Hunting-
ton and entered in blank books.

A very few forms were obtained by Doctor Swanton from an Atakapa named
Teet Verdine in 1907 and are so indicated without abbreviation.

(HE. D.), forms from the Eastern Dialect.

(C), forms from the Carpenter copy of the Duralde manuscript of the Eastern
Dialect.

(P), forms from the Philadelphia copy of the Duralde manuscript of the
Eastern Dialect.

Numbers refer to lines in the texts where a given wordis used. The examples
are arranged alphabetically except where there are grammatical reasons for
placing certain forms together, as in conjugations of verbs or where a stem
enters into certain definite combinations, as, for instance, the ha, ‘‘he,’’ ‘‘she,”’
“it,”? with the plural ending -kit, hakit, ‘‘they.’’ Since c is used for sh, forms
beginning with that letter are placed immediately after s, and they, in turn, are
followed by forms in ts. Those beginning with tl, or the equivalent surd 1 are
put by themselves after t.

ATAKAPA NUMERALS

Western Dialect Eastern Dialect

tanu’k
tsik
lat
himato’l
nit
latsi’k
pax or pa’xé
himato’l tsik
woc ico’l han
10 woe pe
11 woc pe ha(l) tanu’k
12 woe pe ha(l) tsik
19 woe pe woc ico’l han
20 woc pe tsik
21 woc pe tsik hal tanu’k
30 woc pe lat
100 hi’yen pon
200 hi‘yen pon tsik
1,000 hi’yen pon tsako’p

OMBONOOa fk WN re

hannik
happalst
latt
tséts
nitt
latst (given as ‘“‘talst’’)
paghti or pagh®
tsikhuiau
tegghuiau
heissign, hiissing (C)
halg hannik
halg happalst
halg tegghuiau
halg heissign
heissign happalst halg hannik
heissign latt
hehin pon
hehin pon happalst
hehin pon iolic
21

22 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

ATAKAPA AFFIXES

PRONOMINAL AFFIXES

OBJECTIVE SUBJECTIVE
Singular
First person hi-, i- -O
Second person n-, na- —
Third person ha- =
Plural

First person ic- -ts&(1)
Second person nak- -tém
Third person cak- -ul, -ol, -ti

indefinite, hi-, i-; reflexive, hat-; reciprocal, hok-.

Temporal and modal suffixes: -at (-et), past time; -éhé (-hé), future time;
-k (-ki), continuative; -16, first person plural imperative; -m, plurality; -ne (-ni, -n),
volitional and sometimes apparently instrumental; -c, a suffix of wide use with
verbs and seemingly with pronouns, perhaps equivalent to the English auxiliary
“‘to be’’; -t, perfect or passive; -t (-ti), future, perhaps derived from ti, ‘‘to go’’;
-to, second person plural imperative; -u, usitative.

Connective suffixes: -n (-in), a subordinating suffix signifying ‘‘ while,
“after,” “‘if’’; -p, ditto, sig. ‘‘because,” ‘‘on account of.”

Derivative prefixes (in reality prefixed words): ik-, ‘‘with’’; its- (from itse’),
‘fon top of’’; it- (from it, ‘‘face’’), ‘‘ahead’’; n-, (?); dts-, “‘up,”’ ‘“‘high,”’ ‘“‘above.”’

Locative suffixes with substantives: -ke (-ki) and -kin, ‘‘in,”’ “ 1 Olas

” ‘“when,”’

into, on
-p, ‘‘at’’; -ik, ‘‘with,’’ apparently identical with the derivative prefix ik-.

a, this, here, now (L~-1, 22; D—53).
a’ a’kmale, this winter.

ha’ wi’ hipa’, this is my husband.

ahinak, aihina’k (L-87), ahena‘ka

a’ a®’, this house (A. R.).

a’ a®’ hidso®’, this room. (L-89), o-ina’ka (D-77), like this,
a’ elu, a’ ilu’, this summer, this year. like these.

a’ elu’ tit, this spring. woe ke’ a’ hinak, ring shaped, a ring
a’ (h)atu’xtsat, I remember this. like this.

a’ kic, ha’ ki’e, this woman; a’ ke’e,

these women. ap, av, avx, af, Aaxp, abx, here, pres-

a’ iti, to-night, this night.

a’ kitsike he’, this whisky is strong.

a’ kitsik he u’c, this whisky is too

. strong.

a’ nome, ha’ no’me, these children
(pl. tantum).

a’ nu‘nkin, at this town (D-9).

a’ Ol, here close, pretty near, close by.

a’ odse’, this snake; odse’ a’, the
snake here (perhaps the verb a
(q. v.)).

a’ teyo’, this box.

a’ yil, to-day.

eti’ a’ o’yu, yesternight I slept here.

ha’ ic&’k lu’kin tiktat tema’kip, this
man goes to stand in mud up to
the knees; pl. tétsd’t.

ha nicakiol (A. R.), ha’ cakio’l, this
is my husband.

ent, to this place, to here (‘‘ici,”
“‘présent’’).

ap o’k, come here! (not av).

av (or abx or a’f) ’n o’kén ica’m’&hé,
if you come here we will drink.

ha’ hila’-i a’f (or a’p), his wife is here.

ha’ hila’-i a’fét, his wife was here.

ha hila’-i a’v o’t’&hé, his wife will
come here.

teyo’ a’v né (not ap), put the box
right here!

tik a’xp pe’m, shoot (your) arrow
right here!

wi avp (or a’p) i-ica’két, I was
born here.

ya icak av (or ap) wa’nkit, this man
is present, lit. ‘‘this man is walk-
ing here”’ (L).

ya icak av’ha’‘n, ya’ icak ap ha‘n, a
man absent (‘‘un homme absent’’).

[Beker
SWANTON

ac mel u’e, this is genuine black.

a’c ta’t u’c, salmon, ‘‘this is genuine
yellow” (or ‘‘kind of yellow’’).
a’c ta’t kop, light yellow, “‘yellow-

white,” light green.
a, to be.

hatna‘ka pe’l a’, how far is it?

hatna’xkan mé‘ts a’, how tall are
you?

hatna’xkan wa’cifi a (or wa’ci na’),
how old is he (‘‘quel Age a-t-il?’’).

na efi ke a, have you a name?

na’ ca a’, ca’ a’ na‘ec, naj caya (A.R.),
who are you? (ca, ‘“‘somebody’’).

*nto’la’, is it well with you? (L-6, 9;
D-69.)

ca’ ya’ a, ha’ ca a’, ca aya’ (A. R.),
who is he (she, or it)? who is
that?

cine-u a’, haki‘t cine’f a, haki't
cine’v a’, who are they?

co’k ’nka’ a’, what is the matter with
you?

cok wa‘fika na’xn, co’k wa’nka
na’xn, what are you doing?

cu’'l ita’fi a’, where is the dog?

to’l a’, it is good (‘‘c’est bon’’).

yu lei o/] ok ’n-u’xts a ’n ta’nat ’n a,
send me word whether you can
come or not, send me word if you
are able to come (A. R.).

ai, a-i, swamp, marsh, small pond.

a-i kotsk (A. R.), a’-i kd’tsk, ai’
ko’tsk (1), marsh, small pond,
gully.

a’yip, in the marsh (Gatschet in-
terprets it ‘‘plantain’’ but this
is probably erroneous).

a’yip te’xlk ta/lkop, marsh lily,
blue wild flower (‘‘fleur sauvage
bleue’’).

ko’n&" a’yip, ko’nen a’yip (L-8),
a’yip kun& (D-—48), potatoes,
“‘marsh potatoes.”

noha’me a’yip, turkey, ‘‘chicken in
swamp.”

noha’‘me a’yip hatania’ns, a wild
turkey (‘‘un dinde,”’ ‘‘a_ wild
chicken in swamp’’).

tu’ a-i, tu’t a‘i (1), cane swamp.

ak, a’k (I), juice, sap; water in E. D
(ef. akna, aktsa’-ti, ik, ik’ha-u).

akip tsok, water turkey (L-7).

mi" ak (A. R.), mifi 4k, honey, ‘‘bee
liquid.”

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 25

ne’ckol-ak, nick-dl-ak, molasses,
“sweet salt liquid.”

u’k-a’k, (h)u’kak, source, spring,
“water coming.”

aghé, moist, wet (E. D.).

aggtihou, [aggtihoon (P), aggtihddou
(C)] source, spring of water (E. D.)
(=W. D. ak tehop, ‘“‘water hole’’).

ak hamic [ak hamish], give me
water! (E. D.).

akilik, to wet (probably from ak,
liquid, and li, soft).

akeli’ke (D); pl. he’-u akeli’ke, wet.

nec akili’ke to’lka la’u ha’xe, wet
wood does not burn well.

tinstal ikiliikeo paper is soaked
through (ik- should probably be
ak-).

wi akili’‘kico, I wet in the water
(ilikico by itself is without mean-
ing).

wi cokotka’k ikili’kic, I soak the
cloth (ik- should probably be ak-).

yilé® akili’kicta, I shall wet (it) to-
morrow (again).

ak,

cokak, cuka’ (D-124), to dance, a
dance. Possibly this means “‘things
(being) green,” with reference to
the ripening of the new corn, the
oceasion for the principal annual
ceremony of the southeastern
Indians, the so-called ‘‘green corn
dance.”’ Gatschet was informed
of two kinds of dances to which
this name was applied: (1) the
cakwa’ci co’kak, ‘‘old people’s
dance,” a religious dance partici-
pated in only by the old men, and
resembling a missa. There was no
regular time for holding it except
that it was always at night and
was accompanied by singing. The
village chief was always present,
and a religious attire was assumed
for the occasion. There was no
fire in the middle of the ground as
among the Choctaw; (2) the
co’ keuks co’kak, the dance of the
young people, which was not
religious. The performers placed
themselves on their knees and
brought their arms around in
circles before the face, from right

24

to left and from left to right. This
was performed once a month
without reference to the moon and
lasted all night. The dances were
abandoned about 1850-1860.
co’ kcuks a®, co’kak a", name of the
dance house which was located in
the village of chief Lo. It was
surrounded by a picket fence, and
within were statues, stuffed ani-
mals, and other objects. Anybody
could enter.
cuka’kulét Utsuta’t ut, they danced
for Otsotat (L-14).
ak, (P)
ne’cak, sawdust.
ak, ake (A. R.), green (in the sense of
unripe); also in color according to
A. R.; a’kak, akea‘ke (A. R.), very
green.
ne’c 4k; pl. nec a‘ke, a green tree;
also said to mean sawdust.
tso’-ots a’kc, green corn, the corn is
green or unripe.
aki (possibly from 1ak “sun’’).
akipa’-i (I), south, ‘‘where the sun
ummsc a CAt hee
akipa’-ike icak, a southern man.
ya icak akipai-i’ke ot, this man comes
from the south.
a‘kitoc, frog, also given as toad, but
this is probably a mistake; E. D.
ketoct [kettoshtt], frog.
a‘kitoc lu’l (icict), the frog swims (to
the other side).
a‘kitoc na‘l-ma’fimaf, spring frog,
“long thighs.”
a‘kmalc, winter; E. D. allstcumat.
a’ a‘kmalc, this winter.
akma‘Ictits, akma‘Iti’tst, fall, autumn
“going to be winter.”
akna, to run (as a river), to flow (prob-
ably derived from ak, liquid, and
na or na-u, to arrive).
a’ knak, current (I).
aknak mickét tai’ki, aknak mi‘ckit
tai‘kin, there were eddies in the
river.
a’knax mickéc, eddy in the river.
a’knax te’-u o’t, a’knax te’wat, cur-
rent comes from (above?).
kaukauw’ a’knak, running water, the
current of water.
ti’-u akna‘kit (ta’-i), the river runs
swiftly.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[ BULL. 108

ti-u-akna’kit tu’l hukinu’l, it flows
into the lake. —
ti-u’xts akna‘kit, to-u’xts akna’kit,
the river runs (or ran) slowly.
akon(st), river (from ak, water(?))
(E. D.) (ef. ta-i, ak).
akonstatci [aconsttichi (P), acOnstou-
chi (C)], river(akon(st) + wicin,
wide(?)). (E. D.)
akonska [aconska (P), acdnskaa (C)],
akonskau, stream (akon(st) + ska
or cka, little). (E. D.)
ake,
pa-i a‘ke ti’c ko’hat, she wanted to
go back (D-110).
aktsa’-3, cold, cool, chilly; E. D. tsamps.
aktsa’-u kaukau’, cold water.
a‘ ktsa-uc, aktsa’-uec, cold, rheum.
aktsauc naica’t, a cold in the head.
a’ ckin aktsa’-uc, in the shade it is cool.
ayi le aktsa’-uc, to-day it is cold.
kau’ kau aktsa’-un, kau’ kau aktsa’-uc,
the water is cold.

kafi tsamps [kang tsamps], the air
is cold or chilly, the wind is cold
(E. D.).
tsampska, autumn (E. D.).
ax, to grow.
a‘ xkit, it grows; pl. a’xtit, they grow.
a’xli(c), axli(c), to lose.
ha ic6’] a’xlic, ha icd’l1 a’xict, she lost
her calf.
naki’t tsanu’k cakwinétém nak cak-
a’xlecat ka, did you find the horses
which you lost? (D-58).
cok he’-u hia’xlicat, cok he’-u hia’x-
icat, I lost many things.
cok’ hia’xlicat, cok hia’xicat, I lost
one thing.
wi co’k a‘xlic, wi co’k a’‘xict, I lose
something.
al, (D-76), a’l, flesh, meat; E. D. aggld,
meat.
al 4m, boiled meat.
al atna’ himi’c, give me a little meat!
4/1 hopa’-i, butcher, ‘‘meat piercer.”’
4l itsa’-i, 41 itsaine, fried meat, beef-
steak.
4'1 ka’ts, a scab (on a sore).
al nko’xca, do you want meat?
al ti’u, meat upon the fire on a grid-
iron or a scaffold, broiled meat
(‘‘sur les braises’’).
a'] tiund, a gridiron.

GATSCHET
SWANTON

al t0’p, al top (A. R.), stick on which
to roast meat.
a1 wa’k, roast meat, meat roasted on
coals.
al wa’‘kni, roaster,
roasting meat.
hi’yen a’l, pork, ‘‘pig meat.”’
la‘ns 4/1, venison, deer meat (L-5).
la‘ns al nko’xca, do you want deer
meat?
o’ke al, cheek.
o’ke al atku’tsicne, red paint for
cheeks.
tu’ts ko’m-al, calf of leg, ‘‘flesh hang-
ing to leg’’ (?).
wi al ti’ukinto, I broil meat.
wi al wa’‘kinto, I broil (or roast) meat
on the coals.
ya-u a] la’klak, gaspergou, ‘“‘fish
with hard flesh.”
A’leman, German (from the French
word).
alin (A. R.), a/li, grapes, raisins (cf.
hi‘lafi).
alii hicka’m (L-9),
“broad grapes.”
alin itsoom (A. R.), alii hicdm
(L-8), hilafi icd’m, small grapes.
allstcumat, winter (HE. D.) (cf. W.
D. a’kmale, “winter,’’ and 4lc,
SuIGeM)i:
allsteumat hue’, the winter is hard
(E. D.).
Alpamu’, Alibamu.
Alpamu’ icak, an Alabama Indian
(see no’ai).
alc (I), als, ice; E. D. adlect [adlesht],
snow; E. D. adlect lagn[adlesht lagn,
adleshtaggn], ice (cf. ha’-u).
a‘le ko’me, thick ice.
a‘le pa’xe, thin ice.
a‘le capa’ts, ale capats (I), icicle,
“ice hanging”’ (not certain).
ale ta’n, it is frozen yet, ice yet
(‘‘e’est glacé’’).
a‘le tixt, all is frozen over, it is frozen
(‘‘e’est glacé’’), ‘“‘ice lying down.’’
a‘le to’ke, ice chunk.
a‘lckit, it was freezing (‘‘il gile’’).

apparatus for

big grapes,

adlect kombust [adlesht combnst],
the snow is heavy (E. D.).

adlect lagn kombnst [adlesht lagn
combnst], the ice is thick (E. D.).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

25

am, to cook, to boil (fm, to cook; 4m,

to drink (Gatschet)) (cf. hiki’, ilu’,
itsa-i, to).

al Am, boiled meat.

hikw’ a’v, hiku’ a’u, to boil soup (a’v
and a‘u are probably intended for
am).

cu’ k-fm-a’fi, kitchen (1).

cuk-am-an ita’, cu’k-Am-afi nta’i,
where is the kitchen?

cukaé’m-kic, female cook.

cuka’mto, I cook.

am, to drink (am, to cook; 4m, to

drink (Gatschet)).

wi &’mu, wi'c ia’mki (A. R.), I drink;
E. D. weeamm [ouéé amm].

na 4m, na-ic 4m, you drink.

ha 4m, he drinks, she drinks, ete.

yu’ kit mon 4’mlu, we all drink.

naki’t 4’mto, you all drink.

ha’kit 4’mtit, they drink.

yu’kit mon ic&’mkit, we all drink.

ha’‘kit 4’mutet, ha’kit Amtit, they are
going to drink.

wi tém &’mu, I drank yesterday.

ha tém &’mat, he drank yesterday.

ha 4’met (nak), he drank (?).

yu kit tém &’mtsél, we drank yester-
day.

na ‘kit (tém) 4’mtem, nakit tém naka’-
mat, you all drank yesterday.

haki‘t tém 4’mulét, haki’t tém 4’mu-
lat, they drank yesterday.

ici’mkit, we drink.
ha‘kit &’mtit, ha’kit 4’mulet, they
drink.

wi yilén &’mté, wi yi/len A’mta
(A. R.), yi‘lén &’mta, I will drink
to-morrow.

na yilén n&’mtkit, yi/len na’ict
&’mta, you will drink to-morrow.

yilén &’mta (or A’mté), hac yilén
4’mtkit, he will drink to-morrow.

yuki't yi‘lén icd’mtikit, yuki’t yi‘len
icimnené, we will drink to-morrow.

naki’t yilén &’mta, naki’t yi‘lén na-
ka’mtikit, you all will come to
drink to-morrow.

haki’'t yilén &A’mulxé, hakit yi‘lén
A’mtikit, they will drink to-mor-
row.

26

hit/méhé, I will then drink.

nai/méthé, you will then drink.

hax/méhé, he’ will then drink.

yukit ici’méhé, we will then drink.

nakit na’kiméhé, you (pl.) will then
drink.

caki/méhé, they will then drink.

4m, drink!

uk %/mta, come to drink!

uk 3m, come and drink!

uk X/mto, come ye and drink!

na 3/m, you drink!; na’-ic 4’m, you
drink now!

ha’ 3/m, he (or she) drank.

nak %’m, you (pl.) drink!

ywkit mdn 4’mld, let us all drink!

naki’t 4’mto, you (pl.) drink!

nak im, do you drink! you drink!

naki’t 4/mto, let ye drink! drink ye!

X/mlu, let us drink!

4m cikna‘uc, let them drink!

wi 4m ina’-uc, let me drink!

3/m na/-uc, let him (or her) drink!

wi cX X’m na’-ucto, I will let some-
body drink.

wi c& 34/m na’-uco, I let somebody
drink.

yuki’t ca 4’m na‘uctikit, we will let
somebody drink.

wi caki’me, I give them to drink.

ha’ ici/me, he gives us to drink.

haki’t hik’/me-ulat, they gave me to
drink.

hakit ic#’me, they give us to drink.

wi (hi)i’mne, I have to drink (one
thing).

wi (hi)co’ki’mne, I have to drink
many things.

im’, 4’mne, a drink, a beverage.

%/m hatpe’ne-o, I finish drinking.

A’mene, a cup, a dipper.

a’v (or a’ bx or af) ’no’kén ic&’méhé,
if you come here we will drink.

hid/mne, they drink.

icak kitsak 4’m hite’-u, a whisky (or
brandy) drinker.

Jack a®-la’kin inho’lcilat &’mip, on
account of drinking, Jack was put
in jail (hiwe’-uka 4’mip would be
‘drinking hard’’).

Jack kaukaw’ o’k &mkit, Jack
kaukau o’k &’m’ne, Jack comes
here for drinking water.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

kapo’ &’menén, cup for drinking,
drinking cup.

kaukau’ 4’m’n a’nike nta’héntat, the
water he had drunk came out at
his ears (L-19).

kaukaw’ 4’mne, drinking water.

kaukauw’ A’mto, I am going to drink
water.

kaukaw ku’ts 4’mka-u, wine drunk.

kitsa’k 3/mne to’l ha’, whisky drink-
ing is not good.

kitsa’k atse-e’c 4’mne, the drinking
of whisky is bad.

kitsak paihe-uc 4’mét, I made myself
drunk, I drank too much whisky.

lu’itka 4’/mce, pottery cup.

naic 4m, did you drink?

ndfi-u’cip coko’-i (or co’xko-i) kitsa’k
X’m-kawét, the village judge was
drunk.

ciko’m 3/m cikna’-uco, I let the
cattle drink.

ciko’m kauka’-u cokmi'co, I give the
cattle to drink.

cukotki’ fic 4’ mne (or kitsa’k), black-
berry brandy, sig. “blackberry
drink” or “blackberry whisky.”

cukte’-i 4/mu, I take medicine, I
drink medicine.

cukti’-i 4’mu, I take (or drink)
medicine.

cul kau’kau 3%/mét, the dog lapped
the water.

wi himaka’wét kitsak 4’m-waii ya’,
wi himaka’wét kitsik S’mwangye,
I fell because I was drunk.

wi cakim, I drink (A. R.?).

wi’e ke hii’mkin Jack maka’‘wet,
while I was drinking Jack fell
down (hia‘c, ‘‘he,’’ could be sub-
stituted for Jack).

wic k&tsa’k hii/mcki(t), I am going
to take a drink of whisky (given
the writer by Teet Verdine).

wic ma‘fi o’t &’m’o, I drink all the
time.

yul’hi’ti ka &’mene, an Indian-made
cup

an, ear (L-39, 40, 41); E. D., ann; Ak.

anar according to Du Terrage and
Rivet, though I read anect, or anuct
in the Chicago copy of the original.
a’n hatko’me, earring (D-127).
a‘nike nta’héntat, it came out of his
ears (L-19).

SWANTON

Geeta

a’npanc, deaf, ‘‘ears closed.”

icak a’npane, a deaf man (1).

icak iku’nyuds a’npanc, a deaf boy
(I).

kic a’‘npanc, a deaf woman (1).

kic iku’nyuds a’npane, a deaf girl (1).

ci won an, ears of a cat.

wi a’n iwa'nico, I move the ears.

wi a'n pa‘kco, I flap my ears.

ya’ cul ha’ a‘n ito’lco, ya’ cu'l a’n
ito’leo, I fix the ears of that dog.

ya cu'l ha’ an tlemtte’m, the ears of
that dog are torn.

a’nhipon, anhipo’n, ‘‘folded ears,”
rabbit, and by der. sheep.

anhipo’n he’-uc cakico’me, rabbits
have many young.

anhipon na/-u, anhipo’n na’-u,
sheep’s wool, sheep’s hair.

an-hipo’n ti’l, rabbit skin (1).

anhipo’n wa fi-cakna’l’nto, I will

hunt rabbits (1).

anmanman, an mafiman, mule,
jackass, ‘‘long ears.”’

anpake, mouse, rat (A. R.), lit.
“moving ears,” ‘flapping ears.”

anpa’ke he’ts, rat, ‘‘big moving
ears,” “‘big flapping ears.”’

ciwa’n anpa ke ko’nkit, the cat
catches the mouse.

afi (D-138),an,a (L, D),a*(A.R.),

house, home; #. D., ank.

a’ a®’, this house.

a’ a® hidso»’, this room.

a® a‘nkin ita‘’ko, I came out of the
house.

aii ha’l, behind the house.

a" hiwe’-u (A. R.), a” hiwe’-u,
church, ‘‘powerful house.’’

a™ hiwe’-u ini’xnd, a” iwe’-u ini’end,
church, ‘“‘powerful house to go
into.”

a” ikin t’ha‘ko, I go out of the house
(‘‘je sors de la maison’’).

a’ fi-idsd’n (D-42), a’’idso’n, room,
‘‘small house”? or ‘‘small part of
house.”

afi iti, in front of the house.

a’ kat (I), a’nkat, a’fikat, -door,
“house mouth’’; pl. he’-u a’/nkat.

66784—32 3

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 27

a” ka’t la’kiento, a*ka’t la’kiento, I
lock the house, I lock the door
(‘‘je barre la maison, la porte’’).

a’nkat la’kict, a»’kat la’kic, lock the
door!

a” kat mdk, window, ‘‘short door”’
(1).

a’n kat-mo’k pa™hico, I close the
window.

a’ kat mo’k utsu’tska, pointed win-
dow; pl. mokmo’k.

a’fi-katmo’kin na’yu, a’fi-katmo’kin
no’-u, I put them in the window.

a’nkat pa‘hict, a’nkat pa” ict, a’ kat
pa‘hnic, shut the door! (-t final is
correct but is often dropped (D).

a’nka’t pa’-ic, an open door (D-123).

a’nkat pa’-ict, a" kat pa’-ic, open the
door!

a’ katpa®s, a” katpans (A. R.), win-
dow, ‘‘house-mouth shut.”’

a’fii kima’ti, inside the house, indoors.

a’nkin, in the house (D—122).

a’fikin ini’ho, I get into the house, I
go into the house.

a’nkoc, corner of house, angle of
house.

a™lak, a®’lak, jail, prison, ‘‘strong
house.”’

a™ ak pa'lhi ya’ nta’-ulat, they broke
open the jail and got out.

a” ]a’k pa‘li yanta’-ulét, they have
broken out of prison (‘‘ils ont cassé
la prison et ont sorti (ceux en-
fermés) ’’).

a” lak ya’-u, sheriff, ‘‘jail keeper.”’

a fila’kin, in the jail (D—148, 150).

av’ la’kiene, lock (‘‘barre-maison’’),
and key.

a™ lau’kit, the house burns.

a™ mickéc, around the house.

afi né’p, a low house.

afi ts, on the top of the house.

a” Otsi, roof of house.

a’fi po’ a’fi, smoke-house (in which to
smoke meat).

a” pu’ckin, outside of the house.

afi cako’picne, white paint (for
buildings).

afi ta’-i o’, the house is by the river
(I).

aii ta’-i o’at, the house was by the
river (I).

28

a‘fi ta’-i o’tikit, the house will be by
the river (I).

a’fiut ini’ko, I enter the house.

a’flut mické, around the house.

a’fi wal, wall of house.

a® ya’fii pe ltat, a house stands far off.

a’ts a’fi, sweat-house (I).

ha’ a®’ nép, his (or her) house is low.

ha’ a’nkin, in his house (D-123), ha
a’fikin, at his house. (D-114).

haki't a" hokwa’fie ic&k, a camp of
soldiers, ‘‘soldiers’ house.”

haki’t a” nép, haki‘t a’fic nép, their
house is low.

hatutun&® a’nkatpans, glass of win-
dow.

hiwe’-u a®, church (1).

icak a/f ha’xe, a man without a
house.

icdk a’fi he’-u ké, a man having
many houses.

icak a’fi két, man in the house (man
having a house).

icak ina’-ulét a’nkin, these men en-
tered the house (‘‘(ces) hommes
sont entré dans la maison’’).

icak cakya'lulét caki’nauct a 1ak,
they took some men and put them
in prison.

Jack a® la‘’kin inho’lcilat a’mip, on
account of drinking Jack was put
in jail.

John ha’ kan két, John remains at
home.

ka’‘kok a’nkat, fence gate.

ko’-i hiwe’-u a” la’wét, the church
burnt down.

lo’flofc a” kond (or ko’fét or ko ét)
lo‘flofic a® ko’nkét (or kd‘nkit),
the lightning struck the house.

mii a’fi cak-ho’pe, bumblebee (or
more likely wood wasp), ‘‘bee mak-
ing holes in the houses.”

na afi o’tskin, thy high house.

na’ aiic O’tsip, your house is high.

na kin, thy house.

naki‘t a” nép, naki‘t a’fic nép, your
(pl.) house is low.

ne’c a", ne’c a fi, wooden house.

nec-kific ta’me a™, saw cutting house,
sawmill (D-135).

ne’c palpa’l a’nkin, in a split-plank
house (D-74).

ne’ wap a”, ne’wa a®, brick house.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

ol tu’ko wi a’fi ot, o'l ti’k’ho wi aii
ot, I bring home a persimmon.

po’ck 6n, pick a, veins, “blood
house.”

cikiti‘e a’fi hu’i, the skunk is under
the house.

co’k ecakie’ke a®, co’k-caki‘ke a’,
store, warehouse, ‘‘something-sell-
ing house,’’ goods house.

co’k cakie’ke a” yi‘mo®, co’k cakie’ke
a® yimo’f, a low-priced store.

co’k cakie’ke a” yi‘ks hiwe’-u, a high-
priced store.

cokcaki‘ke a” la’wét, a shop has
burned (‘‘une boutique a brulé’’).

co’ko-i a®’, courthouse.

cu’k-Am-a‘fi, cu’kam a’, kitchen (1).

cu’k-4m-a’fi ita’fi, cu’k-am-af nta‘,
where is the kitchen?

cukiu’le hatu’xtsict a™, a schoolhouse,
“‘a book-learning house” (1).

cukeco’c a’fi o’tse ka’-uts, a bird flies
over the house.

tsanu’k a”, stable, ‘‘horse house.”

tso’-ots af, tso’-ots a", corncrib,
barn, ‘‘corn house.”’

wai afi, wai’ a®’, stone house.

wi a” kaukau’kin, my house is in the
water.

wi a? la’kin inu’leo (or inhu’leo), I
put somebody in jail.

wi a” né-tsa’xkip, my house is on
dry land.

wi a’fi wanné ta’-i tsika’dep tat(o),
my house stands between the road
and the river.

wi kin, my home.

wi kin pa’-i o’kta John tewé, I will
go home with John (I).

wi nta’ku(?) a™ lak it’hi, I came out
of the prison last evening (“‘je suis
sorti de la prison le soir’).

wi te’fis a®la’‘kin ita’hu, I left the
prison in the evening.

wie ku’l cokia‘ku, wi hite’t ini‘kit
a’fiut (or ini‘hat a’fikin) (“‘j’avais
mangé, quand mon pére est entré
dans la maison’’).

wie nta’ku, wi ite’t ini’kat a’fiut, wic
nta‘hu, wi ite’t a’nkin ini‘hat,
after I went out, my father entered
the house (‘quand j’étais sorti,
mon pére est entré dans la mai-
son’’).

GATSCH |
“SWANTON

yafia™ na‘xco, I point at that house
far off.
ya-ah a® na’‘xco, I point at that
house very far off.
yukit ai iti’ yi/lckit, our house is
lighted up at night.
yuki't a’nkin, in our house (D-—43).
yuki't a” nép, our house is low.
yuki't a’fic nép, our house is low.
yuki't af ot ti’kto, we will fetch it
home.
yukit kan, yuki’'t kan (D—50), our
house, our home.
a®, a® an!no!; E. D. han (or hau).
a’nénui, bullfrog (1).
anian; to be afraid, to fear; wild.
ha ha‘tanians, he is uneasy.
ha‘tanians, wild, savage, ferocious
(said of men, animals, and plants),
I am uneasy.
hehika’nen hatania’nsat, hehika’ne’
a‘tanians, I am afraid he would in-
jure me.
hiyania’‘n ha’x (or ha’), I am not
afraid of.
icak hiyania’nco’ tiwé ti’co, I was
afraid of him but went with him.
noha’me a’yip hatania’ns (D—108),
noha’'me a’yip, wild turkey, ‘‘ wild
fowl in the swamp.”’
wi ha’tanians, I am uneasy.
wi hiyania’n, I am afraid of.
wic wi ité’t iyania’n ha’‘xcat, I was
not afraid of my father (D-103).
anka, a"ka, to play.
tansta’‘lik icanka’mene, we will play
with cards (D-—52).
to’ke no’me a*k&’ mene, a round ball
for the children to play with.
wi anka‘ts, or wi anka'te, I play.
wi cakno’me pu’ckin wa‘fi-a’fika’ mc-
tit, my children go playing out of
doors (D-64).
wi cakno’me waf-anka’mctit, my
children go playing (I).
wic ankaé’mc(o), I play; pl. ca’kan-
kame.
a’fipats, a"pa’ts (A. R.),
sour, bitter.
kau’kau onpa’ts, kaukau’ o’npats,
vinegar, root beer ‘‘sour water,’’
“bitter water.”
co’kuak onpa’ts, yeast; also raised
bread.

onpats,

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

29

a’nt’hu, ant’hu’, owl (cf. an, ‘‘ear’’).

aceb [asheebb], heavy (EH. D.).

wag aceb [uagg asheebb (P), ouagg
ascheebb (C)], the hail is heavy
(E. D).

ack, shade, shadow (I).

a‘k wal (evidently it should be
a’ck wal), shadow, properly ‘‘sha-
dow on the wail.”

a’ckin, in the shade.

a’ckin aktsa’-uc, in the shade it is
cool.

hatackien&d’, parasol, ‘‘something to
make shade for oneself’; also
umbrella.

wi hata’ck’kinto, I shade myself.

act, reed.

ats (L, I), ats (A. R.), sweat.

a’ts a’fi, sweat house (I, L).

wi i-a’tsko, I sweat (I, L).

atsau, chestnut tree (E. D.) (ef. na-u’, ox).

at,

no’k at, armpit, ‘‘under the arm.”

Ata‘kapa, an Atakapa Indian.

iicik Ata’kapa, an Atakapa Indian,
an Atakapa person.

a’tna, few, a little (ef. hatna’).

al atna’ himi’c, give me a little meat!

Anacoco (Gatschet suggests a deriva-
tion from a‘tna, ‘‘few,’’ and
kakau, ‘‘water,’’ but this is very
doubtful—J. R. S.).

pai hatna’xuc, too little.

cokua’k atna’xt, cokua’k atna’, a
little bit of bread, a little bread.

atnu‘ni (said to be a word of this lan-
guage but no interpretation is
given) (D).

-e, an apparent suffix which is perhaps
occasioned by blunders in hearing
or transcribing; in the first four
cases n may have been omitted,
and in the last case e has perhaps
been substituted for a.

ha ica’me, he gives us to drink.

haki't hia’me-ulat, they gave me to
drink.

haki't ica’me, they give us to drink.

wi caka’me (amne?), I give them to
drink.

tik ni’hue’, go and lie down!

-6hé, -hé, a future sign, possibly with
the specific meaning ‘‘then.”’

ap‘ ’n i‘ken iciméhé, if you come
here we will drink.

30

av (or abx or af) ’n o’kén iciméhé, if
you come here we will then drink.

ha A4méhé, he will then drink.

ha hila’-i av o't’éhé, his wife will
come here.

haki’t na’-ulhen, when they get there,
when they shall arrive.

ha’kit coko’-i yuléhé, while they are
chiefs.

haki’t yilen &’mulhe,
drink to-morrow.

hiiméhé, I will then drink.

ilu’ tsik wiic ki’wile ipco’ké"h&., I
will be a doctor in two years.

icak ha icoxko’-inhé, a man who will
be chief.

icak he-u coko’-iyuléhé, men who
have once been chiefs.

kidso’nkckin cakwa’kéhé (or cak-
wa ktikit), we will bake them in
the fire.

na Améhé, you will then drink.

nakit na’kiméhé, you all will then
drink.

ntsa’-un or ntsa’éhé, she will bite
you.
ol ’n o’kén icti’uéhé (or ti’une), if
you come near we will then go.
caka’méhé, hid’mne, they will then
drink.

coxm6én icya mcthé, we will gather
everything (D-—49).

tsa’-alhe, tsa‘leéhé, this cracks or
springs apart.

wi wula‘ktakcéhé’, I have kidney
disease.

yil mon ta’-i o hoktiwe iewa’fithé,
every day we will walk along the
river together.

yukit iciméhé, we will then drink.

ehe’-u,

ehe’-u ne’c, gum tree (L) (D did not

know this word).
ehuks (ehoux), given by Du Terrage

and Rivet as the Akokisa word for
nail (fingernail, etc.). In the copy
of the original vocabulary in the
Newberry library, however, I read
ec for'e, and accepting this and
assuming x to be silent, we have
an almost perfect equivalent of the
Western Atakapa word ‘‘tsdx’’ or
“tsux’’ (q. v.).

they will

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 108

eiku’n, skin, aikun, a little while, just
now.
aikun (or eku’n) hatlacxa’fico, f
finish shaving myself, I quit shav-
ing myself. ;
eiku’n (or eku’n) ke’-uhatla’ento, I
begin shaving myself while seated
(I).
eikun ke-ucukiakinto, eku’n ke-
ucukia’kinto, I begin eating seated.
eku‘nnak o’ko, I arrive just now.
eku’nna(k) ta’mo, I have just as-
cended; also I begin mounting.
eku’nnak wa/nkinto, I begin to
walk, I walk just now.
ik’hu’ntan, ik’hu’ntén, eki’nta, yet,
still (D-150).
ikunyu'ts, a young person (D-74).
ikunyu'tsip, to the young people
(D-118).
ikunyu'ts iti, my youngest son.
icak (i)kunyiits, young man (I), ica’k
ikunyu ts, half-grown boy.
icik konyu’ds ta” caktewe’ mo’ké&t,
another young man has come with
the rest.
ki’e (i)kunyi'ts, ki’c ickali’t (1), girl;
pl. ké’cec.
kic ikunyu’ds wa’ci, an old maid.
kic kunyi’ts ke’-uwa‘lento, I fan a
girl.
wic ikunyu’ts caktika’-u,
young.
yuki't eku’nnak na’-utsél, we arrive
just now (‘‘nous sommes arrivé 4
Vheure qu’il est’’).
ya’ icak ya ki’e kanyic yilwai tikit,
that man is going to marry that
young woman.
ya ki‘e kanyit’e ya’ icaik ut (or ot)
yilké, that young woman marries
that man.
elan,
hatela’‘fic nak(h)atela’fic, very still,
still, quiet, sad (?) (‘‘triste’’).
wi atela’fic ke’t’nto, I sit still, I sit
quiet.
6m, to pound.
tso’-ots ém, pounded (or ground)
corn.
wi @mu tso’-ots, I beat corn (‘“‘je
pile du mais’’).

I look

einven|
SWANTON

en, é’fi (1), name.
ak hiwa‘uculat, @’f hiwa’‘hulat, I am
called by name, ‘‘they call me by
name.”
e’fike, owning a name.
ha @fi, his name, her name (D-81,

82, 97).

ha’ @f hiwa’-uco, I call him by
name.

ha’ yuk’hi‘ti @f, his Indian name
(D-83).

Hiye’kiti cakio’ficulat (D-—29, 30),
or Hiye’kiti cakio’nhulet (L-18),
they called them Hiyekiti.

icak he’-u hakit e’niip cakwa’-uco, I
call many people by their names.

ickici’] @f, her daughter’s name
(D-83).

na @fi hatse-uwa‘nhicat, I forgot
your name.

na @fike, you have a name, your
name.

na @'fi ké a’, have you a name?
Ponponne i-o’ficulat, they called her
Ponponne (D-70).
ca ha’ @’ hip wa’-uco, I call somebody
by name.
cakio’ ficulét, they named it (D-32).
wi efi, wi éf (1), my name.
yuk’hi'ti ém, Indian name (D-88).
6fi, 6fi, afi, a’fi (given once as of), fat,
grease, gravy, oil, tallow, sauce(?);
E. D. egnn, eggn.
a‘fi ti’mnan, candle (unlighted).
éf ka’-une ci’xt, grease jar (I).
e‘fic kaukau’, greasy water.
hiyé’n 6f, bacon, lard, ‘“‘hog grease.”
kau‘kau éfi, greasy water.
kau’kau éfict, kaukau’ éfic, the water
is greasy.
ne’c Sf, soap, stick (er tree) grease (I).
ne’c 4’fi hika, I make soap (‘‘stick
grease’’).
nec 4’ hima’,
soap.
nec Af himat to’l(ka), the soap
smells good.
nec 4’fik hatsa’-ukco, I wash with
soap.
nik @'fi, butter.
ni‘c-mo*”” @f (or e’fiek) ekco’lulet,
they tarred a man.
nic-mon éf wi ikco’lo, nic-mon @’fik
wi co’lo, I rub tar with.
okico’m Afien’d, wax (‘‘cire’’).

sweet (smelling)

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

31

te’mak ejic, kneecap.
wic kaukaw’ e’fic, I grease the water.
yil hiwe’-u @fi, yil hue’v é@’f, Mardi
Gras.
enetst (P), ainetst (C), wild goose
(E. D.) (ef. nok)).
enke’wict (L-7), enke’wist, prairie
chicken (called “pheasant” by
some informants) (note: om hu’-
hu‘hu’); E. D. enkeestt (see offi).
@nkilic, enkilo’c, English, American.
enkilic koni’n, enkilic kon&’, Irish
potato, lit. ‘‘English potato.”
inkili’c yi/lu e’vhets, i/nkili’e yil
hu-e’v hets, Christmas (‘‘Noél”’
(hu-ev = hiwe-u).
est, the Akokisa word meaning elbow,
perhaps related to itse’, ‘‘top”’
(qs ve).
ha, ha- stem of personal pronoun of
third person (same in both dia-
lects).
a’ o’kit (=ha’ o’kit), he (or she) is
going to come (‘‘il (elle) va venir’’).
ha’ 4’m, he drinks.
ha 4’méhé, he will then drink.
ha 4’met, he drank. *
ha a®, her house, his house.
ha’ a” nép, his (or her) house is low
ha’ a’‘nkin, in his house (D—123).
ha’ a’‘fikin ina’-ulat, they entered his
house (D-—114).
ha’ @ fi, his name (D-82), her name
(D-97).
ha’ @’fi hiwa’-uco, I call him by name.
ha ha’yu, he is laughing (1).
ha’ ha‘lehe, he has the backache.
ha’ hila’-i, his wife.
ha’ hipa’kat, I give him a blow (‘‘je
donne un soufflet 4 lui’’).
ha hitsu’mét, he pinched me.
ha’ik himico (probably right), ha’k
himi’cat, he gave to me.
ha iko’nkcat, he was fastening.
ha intsu’mét, he pinched you.
ha ic&’] a’xict, she lost her calf.
ha’ icat, his head (L-19, 33).
ha’ icat 1a’c, not having scalp, “‘his
head shaved.”’
ha’ ici’me, he gives us to drink.
ha ickici’‘l, her daughter (D-91).
ha’ ictsu’mét, he pinched us.
ha ité’t, her father (D—98.).
ha’ ké, he has.
ha’ kiwi’lc, he is master.

32

ha’ ko’-ita’ o’kat, he comes to talk.

ha ku’tsnin ke’, he has a knife.

ha lak, he is strong, he is stout.

ha’ la’kat, he was strong (or stout).

ha’ 1a’k’n, when he is strong (or
stout).

ha’ mo’ni na’kmicat, he gave to ye
all.

ha’ na‘’k (or na’kit?) tsu’mét, he
pinched you (pl.).

ha’ nil, her grandchild (D—90).

ha’ nmi‘cat, he gave it to you.

ha ’ntsét, his (or her) brother.

ha’ nu’k, herself, himself, by. her-
self (D-89).

ha’ nu’nkin, at her home (D-89).

ha nu’nkin imo’culat, they buried
her at her home.

ha n wi tsutsa’lat, he and I kicked
him (I).

ha’ n wi tsutsa‘Ititit, he and I will
kick him (I).

ha’ o’k hi-u’at, he came to see me.

ha’ ot, for him.

ha’ ot mi‘cat, he gave to him.

ha’ ca a’, who is he (or she)?

ha’ cakicak, his relatives, his rela-
tions (D-—29, 138).

ha ecakmi‘cat, he gave to them.

ha cakni‘l, her grandchildren (D-85).

ha’ cakno’me, her children (D-85).

ha’ caktsu’mét, he pinched them.

ha’ cata’ hika’t mi‘cat, he gave to
him (?).

ha’ cokia’x, his (or her) food.

ha’ cokmo’n, all his property (D-126).

ha’ co’ko-i, ha’-ie co’ ko-i, hac co’ ko-i,
he is chief.

ha’ coko’-ins, while he was chief.

ha’ cok’okina’tsne, his arms, his
weapons (D-129).

ha’ coko’n cakiu’'l, her ox (I).

ha’ coku’yet, he has been chief, he
was chief.

ha’ tsanu’k, his horse (D-132).

ha’ tse-u wa’‘n(h)icat, I forgot him
(somebody).

ha tsu’mét ta", he pinched him
another).

ha’ tsu’mkinto, I pinch him (now).

ha tal, his skin.

ha’ tem a’mat, he drank yesterday.

ha’ tu’ icuhe’, he is uneasy about his
boat.

ha’ u’c, his body (L-34).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

ha’ we’het (or wét) himi’cat, he gave
to me (?).

ha’ wa’/ntsén, tell him!

(wi) ha’ wantso, I told him.

ha yilén a’mta, ha‘e yilén a’mtkit,
he will drink to-morrow.

ha’ ya’x, he eats.

ha’ yu’kit ot (or ut) icmi’cat, he gave
to us.

icik ha’ icoxko’-inhé, a man who
will be a chief.

ca ha’ @fiip wa’-uco, I call some-
body by name.

ca’ ta™ ha’ okotka’-uc pa’tsémo, I
wash one shirt for another.

tamhe’-uc ha pa‘kin ta’mtsat, the
spider goes into its nest (L).

wi ha ot mi‘co, I give him.

wi ha’ tsu’mo, wi tsu’mo, I pinch
him.

wic ha’ ileme, I love him.

wic ha’ tsutsa’lat, I kicked him (I).

wic ha’ tsutsa’lo, I am kicking him
(I).

wic ha’ tsutsa‘ltikit, I will kick
him (I).

ya’ ha’ tsanu’k, this is his horse (I).

ya’ ha’ té, this is his bow (1).

ya’ cu'l ha’ a’n ito’lco, I fix the ears
of that dog (I).

ya’ cu'l ha’ a’n ttemtte’m, the ears
of that dog are torn (I).

ha’c, and he (D-63, 73) ; hac=ha’-ict.

ha’c hidso”’ na’k hidso™, he is very
small.

ha’e John Annie yilwai tikit, and he,
John, will marry Annie (D-63).

hae ipa’ ha’xcét, she had no husband
(D-73).

hac no’me tanu’k ipu’ts ke, he has
only one child. !

hac okwa’‘fie o’t ti’cat, he went to
war (D-104).

ha’c yilke’, she married (D—100).

ha’-ac to’l atvi’v, he thinks he is
good.

ha/ie ipea’k, he is a doctor.

ha‘ic ipco’ké’na (or -ne), he will be
a doctor.

ha‘kit A’mtit, they drink (‘‘ils
boivent’’), ha’kit 4’mulet.

haki’t an, their ears (L-41).

ha’kit a, their house.

SWANTON

GATSCH al

haki’‘t a® hokwa’fie icak, a camp of
soldiers, ‘‘Soldiers’ camp.”

haki‘t a®’ nép, haki’t a’fic nép, their
house is low; pl. ne’pnep.

haki’t hii’/me-ulat, they gave me to
drink.

hakit hukica’k, their relatives (‘‘leurs
parents’’) (L-21).

hakit ica’k, their men, their relatives
(‘leurs parents’’) (L-25).

ha’kit icak ko” ulet, they had a man
arrested.

haki’t ich’me, they give us to drink.

haki’t naké’mc ko, they would wish
to row (‘ils voudraient ramer’’).

haki’t naxeni’n, they beat upon a
drum (L-27).

haki‘t na’-ulhén, they will arrive,
when they get there.

hakit no’me, their children (D-38a).

haki’t ntsét, their brother (D).

ha’kit nu’k, themselves (L).

hakit o’l caktiwé, close to them (D).

haki’t o’t, to them, for them (D-86).

hakit cakofic, they don’t want (D).

hakit cakyi’kcta o’kulét, they came
to buy.

haki’t cine’v’ a’, who are they? (D).

haki’t cifiend/ni, they sounded a
rattle (or their rattle).

ha’kit co’koi (or ca’kcokei), they are
chiefs.

ha’kit coko’iyuléhé, they will be
chiefs (L).

ha’kit coko’yét, they were chiefs,
they have been chiefs.

haki’t cukia’xnin iche’-uc, they have
plenty to eat (D).

hakit cukidle-hatke’, their
(D).

haki‘t tsik nu’k (D), ha’kit tsik
nu’k (L), their two selves.

haki’t te’m &’mulét (L), haki’t te’m
4/mulat (D), they drank yesterday.

haki’t tiucak’nonhulet, they take a
walk (L), they went out (visiting)
(D).

haki’t u’ts, their noses (L-38).

haki’t yi/lén 4’mulxé (yidlnict) (L),
haki’t yilén &A’mtikit, they will
drink tomorrow.

hakit yu'tsit, they grow.

icaik he’-u hakit e’fiip cakwa’-uco, I
call many people by their names
(L).

pants

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 33

na’-u ha’kit ica’tip, feathers on their
heads (L-26).

wic (h)aki’t a’ hina’ka he’-u hatu’-iv
(or hatvi'v), I think myself as high
as they.

ya’ cu'l ha’kit kifi, that dog is theirs
(D).

ya’ cu'l ha’kit cakifi, these dogs are
theirs (D).

ha’kiti la’klak, they are strong, they
are stout (L).

ha’kiti lakla’kat, they were strong (or
stout) (L).

ha’kiti la’klak’(n), when they are
strong (or stout) (L).

haki’tic, haki’tict, they.

haki'ts to’ltol atvi’vél, they think
themselves good (D).

hak’hi'tic ok-ina’tstlat, they came
(or began) to fight (D—-145).

ha, -ha, not, it is not, without (D—90).

atsi’ckic ha’, I don’t care (D-143).

ha’ hat, she did not (D-—77), he did not
(D-103).

hakit hukica’k hokia’lulha’-uxe (L),
hakit hukica’k hokia’lul a’-uc, they
could not marry their relatives.

ha’xcat, ha’xcét, he had none (D-98),
she had none (D-80).

ha’‘l wa’fi ha’xen, don’t walk behind!

ha’n, nothing, not having, without
(L-33); E. D. haan, no.

hac ipa’ ha’xcét, she had no husband
(D-73).

he’-u ha’x, not much, not many.

hihatsi’ckic ha’, [ am not pleased.

hiku’ckoct ha‘xe, hiko’ckoct ha’xe,
don’t bother me!

hinima’ haxe, hinima’ ha’, don’t kill
me!

hio’k a’x, I did not come (‘‘je ne suis
pas venue’’).

hicokécip hio’k a’xcat, hicoke’cia
hio’k a’xeat, I did not come be-
cause I was sick (‘‘comme je ne suis
pas venue, c’est parce que j’étais
malade’’).

hokina’dsul ha’xctan, before (they
fight) the battle.

hokinade hf’ fic, after (they fight) the
battle, they end the battle.

ina’-u cakna’-ucul ha’, they would
not let them go (D-118).

34

icak a® haxe, icak a’fi ha’xc, a man
without a house.

icak ha’-an, no men (1).

i’cak he’-u ha, not many men, a few
men (I).

icak (h)ila’-iha’xc, a widower, ‘‘man
without a wife.”’

icak co’kuan uc’ha’, a liar, ‘‘ a per-
son who tells what is not true.”’

ica‘k co’x kcé to’lha, ica’k co’kco
to’‘lha’, a good-for-nothing (‘un
bon-a-rien’’).

icak wa’fi a’-uc, a lame man, ‘“‘a man
who can not walk.”’

ici’x a’-ucat, she could not cross
(D-107).

itse’ ha’c, ‘not having head-top”
(proposed for the word “‘scalped’’).

itsixt ha’xcta, forenoon, “it is not
twelve yet.”

ita’ns ha’, clear sky, ‘‘not clouded.”

ito’l ha, I am not well.

i’-uc ha’xcin, don’t become wrathful!

i’wiu ha, I doubt it, ‘I think not.”

kapi’ ha‘n, there is no coffee.

ka’-u ha’xe ta’n, before he died
(D-106).

kau’kau ha®, there is no water.

ket hia’uc hu’ni, I have no time to
see him as I sit.

kic ha’-an, no women (I) (evidently
should be kéc).

kic he’-u ha’, few women, ‘not
many women”’ (1).

kic ku‘i ha’xe, a mute woman (I).

?ki’e ’nto’lén na‘xkan ti’cén, if you
are a smart woman you will not
go there; (na’xkan, you will not,
or you would not).

kitsa’k 4’mne to’l ha’, the drinking
of whisky is not good.

maf ha’xcta, before long.

ma‘fi ha’n, quickly.

mafha’n i‘ti, quicker,

ne’ha, unripe.

ne’e akili’ke to’lka la’u ha’xe, wet
wood doesn’t burn well.

*n hihu ha‘xe a’, don’t you see me?

*n hu’-u ha’, I don’t see you.

ni kaka’u (ha") hiha’e, I got no
water (ha™ may be omitted).

nima’ ko’xe a’-uculat, they could not
kill him (though they wanted to).

ok hianc, I can not come.

quickest.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

ok ia’-uc, I ean not come.

pal ha’, not far (D-68).

ca ha’n, nobody (L).

ca’ coha’xe, for nobody.

ca‘kiol katna’-u caka‘xc, the men
had no beard (L-24).

cakio‘l wa’ii a’-uc, a lame boy (1).

cakla’wiul hahat, they never burned
them (D-140).

cakco hiléene han, I have nobody
to defend me.

cakyu'le cako’-i ha’, a letter not sent.

cicakna’-uc ko’me ha‘xe, I don’t let
(them) hang up.

cict kaukau’ ha‘n, the pitcher is
empty of water.

ciwa’n tsu’m ha’xc, don’t pinch the
cat!

co’kai ’n o’t ha’xenan, why don’t
you come here?

cok hipén ha’, cokipén ha’, foe (but
not in war), enemy.

co’kna‘ke ha’xe, he doesn’t hear.

co’k oktika’-t ha’, things differing
from each other, things not like
each other.

co’kco ha’ hiwa’le, dreams mean
nothing (‘‘les réves ne veulent
rien dire’’).

cokuxts (h)a’xe, a fool, “a know
nothing.”

cu’l ha’-an, no dog (1).

cu’l he’-u ha’, few dogs, ‘‘not many
dogs’’ (I).

tsu’me ha’xcta, before pinching him.

tanu’kip co ha’, never once (D-102).

téxlk ha’xcta, flower is budding,
bud, ‘‘not flowered yet.”

tie a’-ucat, she could not go
(D-106).

ti’c ha’xene, not to go (D-111).

ti’uxts két ia’-ue, I can not keep
still, I am restless (D).

wi kau’kau ha’, wi kau‘kau iha’e,
I got no water.

wic a’ cokihu’kit ha’xc, I see nobody.

wi'c ivi’v ha’, I don’t believe it.

wic ivi’v ha’ co’x’nwa’nkit, I believe
nothing that you say.

wic wi iyania’n ha’‘xcat, I was not
afraid of my father (D-—103).

wo’¢ ico’l ha‘n, nine, ‘‘ without little
finger.”’

wo’c ico’l ha’nip, nine times.

GATSCHET
SWANTON

ya’c kiwi’le ha’, they are not French-
men.
ya’e kiwi'le ula (or ul ha’), are they
not- Frenchmen?
ya’e nak tu’taiha’xe, ya’e nak tu’-
taiha’xe nka’‘kit, you do that for
nothing (‘‘tu fais ¢a pour rien’’).
yule io’-i o’k ’nu’xts a’ ’n ta’nat
’n a’, send me word whether you
can come or not (D-—48).
ha (cf. a, to be).
yuki’t nu’nkin pum ic-ha’xe aiti-yile,
we have a dance in our village this
month(?).
ha, ha’ha!, yes!; E. D. haha.
ha‘hu,
ha’hu it, previously, first (D—91)
(perhaps ha is a, this).
hai, to cry, to weep, to neigh; E.D. hai.
haihai’co, I was crying.
hihaihai’c, I cried, I wept.
iti man hihai’x-tikyileo, I wept all
night.
no’me tanu’k haihai’e hi’kit, a child
is coming down weeping.
nome wa’ii-haihai’ckit, the child is
weeping (I).
cakio’l ckali’t haihai’ec hu’o, I see a
boy weeping.
cakio’l ckali’t haihai’e na’ko, I hear
a boy weeping.
tsanu’k haihai’e, a horse is neighing
(1).
tsi’s wan-haihai’ckit, a baby goes
about crying (I, D-66).
wa fi haihai’ec, he is going to weep, I
am going to weep (‘‘il va pleurer,”’
“Je vais pleurer’’).
wic ihaihai’ckit, I am crying, I am
weeping.
hal, ha’l (L-12, D—28), back, behind,
back of, after, last, in the numerals
above eleven ha and hal are used,
the former probably an abbrevia-
tion; E. D. halk, also hatt (P)
(qinv..)
a’fi ha’l, behind the house.
ha’ ha’lehe, he has the backache.
ha’l hé’c, backache.
ha‘l hiwa‘ntikit ha’, I finish walking.
ha’] itiyi‘le, next month, ‘“‘the month
after.”
ha’l kamka’m, back fin(s).
ha‘lkin, afterward (D-95, 116)

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 35

ha’l tsi’, spine, ‘‘ back bone.”’

ha’l wa’n ha’xen, don’t walk behind!

ha‘l yi/lkin, next day (D-124).

hac okotke’hop paiha/J, the trousers
are torn behind, his trousers have
holes in the seat (‘‘les pantalons
sont fendus par derriére’’).

hika’t ni’t ya’ ha’l coki’fi: wi'(c), I
am five and a half feet (tall).

icat ha’l, back of head.

itiyi‘le ha’l, the last month (of the
year).

John tanko’hi ha’l lu’l-ici’hat, John
jumped in and swam over.

kuiyatko’'l lat ha‘l cuki’i, three and a
half sausages.

kudsnii’n ha’l, back of knife.

no’k ha’], tail, fin.

o’ts ha‘lkin, back teeth.

paiha’l, pai’hal (I), ha‘hal, bebind,
the buttocks.

wi hila’i hal, my second wife.

wi hipa’hal, my second husband.

wic ha’l, I am behind.

wic hi ha’], wi hi ha’l, I am the last of
a line, I am behind (‘‘je suis le
dernier d’une file’’).

woe ha’l, back of hand.

yuki't icha’l, we are the last of a line,
we are behind (‘‘nous sommes les
derniers d’une file’’).

“* sec-

hal tsi’k, may be used to mean
ond.”’

hal lat, may be used to mean ‘‘third.”

hal(é) tanu’ kip, once more.

hal tsu’kip, twice more.

The following forms are some-
what uncertain:
woe pe’ ha tanuk (L), wucpe’ ha'l
tanu’k, eleven.
woc pe’ ha’ tanu’kip, eleven times.
woe pe’ ha’ tsi’k, twelve.
woe pe’ ha’ lat, thirteen.
woe pe’ ha’ himato’l, fourteen, woc-
pe’ hal imato’l (D-87)

The following are in the E D.:
halg hannik, eleven.
halg happaalst, twelve.
halg laatt, thirteen.
halg tseets, fourteen.
halg niitt, fifteen.
hallg laatst, sixteen.

36

hallg paghu, seventeen.
hallg tsikhuiau, eighteen.
hallg tegghuiau, nineteen.
hallg heissign, twenty.
heissign happalst halk
twenty-one.
heissign happalst halk happalst,
twenty-two.
han, to come near, almost to do (per-
haps from ha, not).
ka’-u-ha’nét, she came near dying
(D-55).
tsu’me ha/fickin, after pinching him.
tik ha’nét, he came near.
wi cak wa’ci ik’ha’uts ti’kha‘nét, wi
cak wi'ci ik’ha‘uc tik’ha’nét, my
old man failed to drown himself,
my old man almost drowned him-
self (‘mon vieux a manqué de se
noyer’’).
wi ca’ coco’le ha’nu, I almost scared
somebody.
wi cocole hinte’hi ha’nulet (or
hdnulet), they came near scaring
me to death.
hafic, to stop (cf. ha, not).
ha’ficénto hokina’ts, stop fighting!
okwa fic ha’ficat, the war is over.
cuka’ ha‘fictin, having performed the
dance (D-125).
cukia’k ’ha’‘fico, I finish eating.
happalst (P.), happaalst (C), two (the
Hiyekiti or Eastern Atakapa (and
perhaps Opelousa) equivalent for
tsik).
halg happalst, twelve (E. D.).
heissign happalst halk happalst,
twenty-two (E. D.).
hehin p6n iolic happalst [hehin poon
iol-ish happaalst], two thousand
(E. D.).
ha’cka [hashka], brother (E. D.).
wi hacka [ué hashk& (P), ouéé ashkaa
(C)] my brother (E. D.).
hatse-e’c (D-113, 119), hatse’-ec
(L-16), ha’tse-ec, atse’-ec, bad;
pl. hatsimec, ha‘timec; E. D.
ikau, ikao [ickao, bad; ikkao,
ugly, nasty].
hiwalce ha’tse-ec, a bad dream.
ic&k ha‘tse-ec, icik ha’tiéc, bad man.
ica’k hatsi’‘emec or hatse’mec, ica’k

hannik,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108.

icak hila’-i tsik ke’-én hatse’ec, when
a man had two wives it was bad.

kitsa’k atse-e’c &’mne, the drinking
of whisky is bad (a bad thing).

ko’-i hatseme’c wa‘fi-cakwa’ntskit,
he slanders.

ku’m héc ha’‘tse-ec, colic is a bad
thing.

o’tse cokte’-i hadie’c, snake venom.

cok’hatse-e’c caka’, to bewitch, ‘‘to
do bad things to them.”’

cok’he’ atse-e’c cak’hd’lculat, they
put bad medicine into them.

cokte’-i hadie’c, poison, ‘‘bad medi-
cine.”’

cuxka’ atse-e’c, they are all bad,
they are all mean.

te’xlk hima” hatse-e’c, this flower
smells bad.

wo finin hatie’c, a bad road.

hatsi‘l, atsi‘l, rusted, rusty, rust.

atsi‘l ku’ts, the rust is red.

cu’xtsi‘l, rust of things
hatsi‘l).

wi kutsne’n atsi’l, my knife is rusty.

het-, the reflexive prefix, ‘‘self.’’

ha’thu (or ha‘tu), look here! (‘‘re-
garde!’’).

hathu‘ne, looking-glass, ‘‘for looking
at oneself.”’

hatik’ha’-uco, I drown myself.

hatka’meat, I scratched myself.

hatka’-uco, I pricked myself.

hatko’mco, I hang myself up.

hatko’pico, I paint myself white.

hatla‘ki, to strain oneself.

icat atyi’nsne, icat atyéne, a crown
(made of silver), probably sig.
‘‘wrapped about the head.’’

tec hatko’tsnto, I crop my hair.

til (h)atkai’-icne, belt, strap for gird-
ing oneself.

tuts hatko’kico, I bend my leg.

wi hatka’-uco, I comb myself.

wi (h)atpa’-i, I turn something
around.

wi nuk hatkolko’leo, I rub myself.

wi tso’-ots (h)a’tkane, I mill corn-
meal into flour.

yuki'ti o-ina’ka (h)atito’le ha‘hat,
she did not dress herself like the
Indians.

(pl. of

hati’eméc, icak hatimec, bad men. | hathe’ (P), hat’hé (C), body (E. D.).

eared |
SWANTON

hatna’, how?, how much? (cf. atna).
a’‘tnaxka maf ket’ ’n-u’xts a, how
long can you stay? (D-—44.)
hatna’ hiyi’kicta, how much will you
pay me? or how much have you
to pay me?

hatna’-inst, which one is it?

hatna’ka pe’l a, how far is it?

hatna’ x kan mé‘ts a, how tall are you?
hatna’x kan wa’cifi a’, hatna’x kan
wa’ci na, how old is he?

lakla’xc hatna’ nke’a, how much
money have you?

*natna’ ha, how are you? how do you
feel? (D-69.)

*phii’nat hatna‘’xka pa’-ihiticndna,
you have sent to find me, how
can I return? (‘‘tu m’as envoyé
chercher, comment puis-je_ re-
tourner?’’)

hatt, back (E. D.) (ef. hal and reflex-
ive prefix hat-.
hatte’, oppressive, (E. D.).

alliu hatte’, the heat is oppressive

(“la chaleur est forte’’) (E. D.)

hattoiau, haltoiau (P), wild beast,
animal(?) (‘‘this word is added
to the names of wild _ beasts’’)
(E. D.).

ha’-u, snow, frost, hail(?) (I); E. D.
hauett or haau elt, frost, hoarfrost
(‘‘gelée’’) (cf. ale and wak).

ha’-u icki’m, sleet, hail (‘‘du_ver-
glas’’).

ha’-u idso’m, sleet, ‘‘small hail’’ (I).

ha’-u ko’me, a big snowfall, also frost?

ha’-u kiémekit, there is a big snowfall,
and frost?

ha’-u ko’p, frost is white.

ha’-ukit, it is snowing (1).

ko’p ha’-u, white frost.

tiu ha’-ukit, it snows (a little) con-
tinuously.

(L-26.)

hau kobb [hau cobb (P) or haau-
kobb (C)], the frost is white (E. D.).
ha’yu, ha-u, to laugh; distr. haiha’yu,
ha-oi; E. D. hai.
ha ha’yu, he is laughing (1).
hiwe’-uka wi ha’yuét, I have laughed
to my heart’s content (‘‘j’ai ri le
coeur content’’).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

37

ica’k ot cak’ha’ yu, ica’k u’t cak’ha’ yu
I laugh at many persons (‘‘je ris
de (beaucoup de) persons’’).

ieak co’xk (or co’k) cak’ha’yu, one
who laughs at or makes fun of
(“un qui rit du monde, fais
farce’’).

John ha’‘yu, John is laughing (1).

na ha’ yuat, you were laughing (I).

wet hiha’yuét, we’het hiha’yuét, he
has laughed at me(‘‘il a ri de moi’’).

wi ha’yu, I laughed.

wi (h)iha’yuét (or
laughed.

wic ha’yu, I am laughing (1).

wic ha’ yuat, I was laughing (1).

wic hayuti’kit, I will laugh (1).

ya’ ica’k o’t ha’yuét, ya ica’k u't
ha‘yuét, he has laughed at this
man (‘‘il a ri de cet homme’’).

yuki’‘t hiwe’-uka ico’yét, we have
laughed much.

(h)iha’wit), I

hé, he, painful, pain, what hurts,
strong to the extent of being hurt-
ful, sickness when painful; bit-
ter; pl. he’he; E. D. hé, bitter (cf.
wai).
a’ kitsike he u’c, this whisky is too
strong. p
a’ kitsike he’, strong whisky, lager
beer.

elu’ik hicokxé’ cat, the heat made me
sick, or I became sick through heat.

ha’ ha’lehe, he has backache.

ha’‘l héc, backache.

ha hila’-i cok’he’c, his wife is sick.

he’ he’-u, many bitter (things).

he nak he, he na’k hé, he’x na’k he’,
very bitter, very strong.

he’ co to’lha, strong but not good
(wine).

he’hikane, he might hurt me.

hehika’nen hatania‘nsat, he’hikane
a‘tanians, I was afraid he would
injure me.

hé’c, it is painful, it aches; pl.,
he‘hec.

hi’ cat ots he’xkit, the top of the head
is smarting.

hicokéc keo’ yi‘lkit moén (or yi’l
mon) ti’co, though I am sick I go
out every day.

38

hicokécip hio’k a’xcat, hicoke’cia
hio’k a‘xcat, I did not come
because I was sick (‘‘comme je ne
suis pas venue c’est parce que
j’étais malade’’).

icik cuké’c, a sick man (L), icak
cuk’hé’ec, sick people (D-118).

icik cuké’c he’-u, many sick men.

i’cat he’, icat héc (I), having head-
ache; i’cat he’he, (distr.).

icokhé’c, icoké’c, I am sick.

icoké’cat, I have been sick.

icoké’cin, while I am sick.

icoke’cip, because I am sick.

icoke’ckinto, I am getting sick.

icoke’ctikit, icoke’cin, I shall be sick.

icoké’cto, I am going to be sick
(icoke’cnto, can not be said).

kau’kau he’, sea water, ‘‘bitter
water”’ (1).

ke’c cakcoke’c yo’xt wi ca’k’hinai, I
think that many women are sick
(‘je erois que plusieurs femmes
sont malades’’).

kitsak he’, strong whisky, also lager
beer.

ku’mhe, kumhe’c, ko’m hée (1), colic,
also diarrhea.

ku’m héc ha’tse-ec, colic is a bad
thing.

ots hehe’xkit, (my) teeth are aching.

ots he’xkit, (my) tooth is aching.

o’ts hée, toothache (I).

ca coke’c ti’xt wi hi’nai, I think that
someone is sick (‘‘je crois qu’il y
@ quelqu’un de malade’’).

cakhe’-uc, to abuse them (D-—80).

cok’he’ atse-e’c cak’hd’lculat, they
put bad medicine into them.

cok’hé’c (D-54, 91, 112), cuk’hé’c
(D-118), sickness.

tsa’t he’, poison vine (a root re-
sembling the yuki’ti kon&in or
Indian marsh-potato root).

uc mon (h)e’he (or ehe’c), my whole
body is aching.

wi he’xka-u, I hurt somebody.

wi o’tse he, I have toothache.

wi co’ hehe’xkit, my heart is paining.

wi wula‘ktake ehe’, kidney disease
(Lt have).

wi hehatka’-u, I hurt myself.

wie (ku’ltan) icoke’cat, I had been
sick (long ago).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

yuki’t a’ ya’nak icoke’c, yuki'ti
co’kec, we are sick (a’, now).

yuki't ic-co’keokéc, we are sick.

yuki'ts icuke’cat, yukiti’ cuké’cat,
we have been sick, or an Indian
who was sick.

heissign (C, P), hiising (C), ten (E. D.).

hallg heissign, twenty (HK. D.).

heissign happalst halk happalst,
twenty-two (EK. D.)

heissign laatt, thirty (E. D.).

héts, hets, big, large (cf. he-u).

anpa ke he'’ts, rat, ‘‘ big moving ears,”’
““big flap ears.”’

he’ts kco tla’-u (or kla-u (A. R.)), big,
but light.

Giwi‘le yil-u-ev he’ts, new year,
“big powerful French day.”

hika’t he’ts, large toe, large foot.

I’nkilic yi‘lu e’v hets, Christmas,
“big powerful English day.’

itiyi‘le he’tskit, the crescent moon,
‘the increasing moon.”

ki‘dsone he’ts lau’kit, the fire is
blazing.

ki’dsone hi’tutan (or itan (L)) he’ds-
kit, the fire is increasing.

ne’c héts, big log, thick firewood.

0’ hets, big cord, big rope.

paihe’ts o™uc, too little
petit’’).

paihe’ts u’c, too big (‘‘trop grand’’).

pa’-ict (h)e’ts, pa’-ict he’ts, an ax.

pém he’ts, cannon, ‘‘big shooter.”

ci’ct pa‘l he’ts, icpal he’ts, a great
bowl.

coki’e ke-uhe’tskit (or he’tskit), the
plant grows, the plant enlarges.

tsanu’k héts, a big (American) horse
(‘gros cheval Américain’’).

ta’-i (or tai-i (A. R.)) he’tskit, the
river becomes bigger.

tolk hima’/kie héts, tolki makict
héts, a large pin, a long pin, a
breastpin.

tu’l héts, tu’l he’ts, ‘“‘big lake,’’ name
of a lake near Lake Charles, also
the ocean.

wai hets, rock, ‘‘big stone’”’ (I).

wo'c he’ts, thumb.

yil he’ts, large light, ‘‘big day.”’

yil hive’ v hets, a holiday, a big power-
ful day.

—/~

yil hue’v @’f, Mardi Gras.

(‘trop

GATSCHET
SWANTON

a3

yil hu-e’v hets, yil ive’v hets, ‘a
great day” (L says yi hiwe’-u).
yuk’hi'ti nai héts (lo which ha’-
tanians may be added), a great
Indian village.
he -u, to curse, to swear.

he’-ucat, he has cursed and re-
proached, he has sworn (‘‘il a
babillé,” “il a grondé,” “il a
qure?)i2

wan-cakpa’‘mkox ya cakhe’uc, she
went around to beat and abuse
them. 4

he-u, he’-u (D-—51, 78, 84), many

(also used to indicate the plural) ;
E. D. heu [heou] (also given as
“‘they’’).

anhipo’n he’-uc cakico’me, rabbits
have many young.

haki’t cukia’xnin cak’he’-uc, they
have plenty to eat.

ha’ he’-u, bitter (pl.).

he’-u ha’x, not much, not many.

he’-u cakii’m, lies (pl. of lie, false-
hood).

he’-u cakeu’e ka’-u ti’-utit, many
birds fly.

he’-u cukia’ko, I have eaten much
(D).

icak a’fi he’-u ké, a man having many
houses.

icak he’-u, many men (I).

icak he’-u ha’, not many men, few
men (I).

icak he’-u hakit e’fip cakwa’-uco, I
call many people by their names.

icak he’-u ki’ wile ipco’xku’], men who
will be doctors.

icdk he’-u cak’ko’me, many men
hung up.

icak cukia’ he’-u, a big eater.

icak ta’-ic he’-u, many strangers.

kakau’ hidso’m he’-u cak’hu’o, I see
many stars.

kic he’-u, many women (I).

kic he’-u ha’, few women, ‘‘not many
women” (I).

kic no’me he’-uc, a woman who has
many children.

kitsak paihe-uc a’mét, I made my-
self drunk, I drank too much
whisky.

ndi he’-u, many fish, or many catfish.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 39

ne’c he’-u ko’tso, I cut a heap of
wood (L).

ne’c he’-u lau’kit, a lot of wood is on
fire.

nec he’-u cakta’mo, I climb many
trees.

né‘¢ i’c he’-u, rotten trees.

ne’‘tatat ickim he’-u, big oranges
(‘grandes oranges’’).

noha’‘me ha’-u ca‘knima’-u, I kill
many chickens.

okotka’-uc i’cak he’-u_ cakcopats
(h)imi’cinto, I wash shirts for
others.

otse’ he’-u ci’utiutit, the snakes go
crawling.

pa’-i he’-uc, too much.

pox he’-u caki‘kco, I buy many
cows.

caknokna’-u he’-u, many feathers.

cok he’-u hia‘xlicat, cok he’-u hia’x-
icat, I lost many things.

co’k he’-u cak’hidsa’mceo, I join many
things. ;

cok he’-u caktsi’fico, I steal many
things.

coko’m he’-u wa‘fi hd’ntit, many
cows are lowing.

coko’n he’-u caki‘kco, I buy many
COWS.

coxto’l he’-u wic ke’, I have (much)
luck.

cu’l he’-u, many dogs (I).

cu’l he’-u ha’, few dogs, ‘‘not many

dogs”’ (1).

tsanu’k he’-u polpo’lxctit, the horses
gallop.

tso’-ots he’wip hile, corn sifted

separately (hewip=he-u-+ip).

tots-koi-he’-u, mockingbird, ‘bird
that talks much’’; E. D. takis-koi-
heu.

tu’ts he’-u, centipede, ‘‘many feet”’.

wi hitét he’-u i’-uc, my fathers are
enraged.

wi cokiu’le he’-u ke’-u hu‘nto, I read
many books.

wi'c (h)aki’t a’ hina’ka he’-u hatu’-iv
(or hatvi'v), I deem myself as high
as they.

wi cokiakni’n hehe’-uc (or ihe’-uc),
I have many provisions, I have
much food.

40

ya’ hu‘i pu’nso, I blow under many
things. ;

‘ye’-u he’-u, sand heaps, lots of sand.

yu kit cukia’xnin iche’-uc, we have
plenty to eat.

yuk’hiti he’-u, many Indians.

ic he-u fish héou], there are many
stars (E. D.).

tempst kaukauheu, the spring is
rainy (E. D.).
hi, he, wind; Ak. iit.
hi’ 14k, the wind blows hard, ‘‘the
wind is strong”’ (a storm wind).
hi’ 1ak uca’, the wind blows a little.
hi’ 10’nkit, the storm is roaring.
hi‘no, i‘no, whirlwind.
hino’ na’, it blows a whirlwind.
lak hi’, a hurricane, a windstorm,
‘a, strong wind.’
hi, to plant.
hi‘hulat, they planted (L-2, 3, 4).
ne’c hi’cu, I plant a tree (D).
pa'tite’-u hi’c, cotton plant.
co’kie (L), coki’e, a plant (not cokic)
(no word for ‘‘animal’’).
coki’c ke-uhé’tskit, coki’c he’tskit,
the plant grows.
tso’ots hic, planting Indian corn
(I, L).
te’puk ne’c hi‘hulat, they planted
peach trees (L-2).
wi pa'tite’-u hi’cu, I plant cotton.
hi-, i-, objective pronominal prefix of
the first person; sig. me, though
often equivalent to. English I;
E. D. ha-(?).
ha ok hi-u’at, he came to see me.
he’mic ka’kau, give me water!
hika’-u, I die, lit. ‘‘me die.”
hike’, I have.
hila’wet, I was burnt.
hile’me, he loves me.
himakau’‘kit, I fell.
hipa’mulét, I was beaten, they beat
me.
hipa’tso, he whipped me.
hipi’nsat, they blow at me.
hipu’nso, they blow at you (an evi-
dent error).
hi’wants, tell me!
ile’me, I love him.
wi hipa’ hilo’icat, my husband helped
me.
wicoco ic hinte’hi-ha’nulet, they came

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

near scaring me to death.
wic hipe’tst ha, I am not tired.
wic io’fic, I do not want.

ak hamic [ak hamish], give me
water! (EK. D.).

kam hamic [cam hamish], give me
fire! (E. D.)

hi-, or i-, there appears to be a prefix
of this form of very general mean-
ing—perhaps “‘it.’”” Many of the
stems with initial hi or i probably
contain it. Examples may be
found in profusion.
hika’t, hikad, ikat (D—142, 143), i’kat
(I), foot (including the measure),
paw, wing(?); Ak. ikak (icac), foot
(according to Du Terrage and
Rivet, but they may have misread
the last letter c for t).
hika’t he’ts, hikat he’ts (I), large
toe (also refers to feet); Ak.
kwates (quates) (perhaps hikat +
hets ).
hikat hu’i, sole ‘‘ bottom of foot.’
hika’t ico™’, smaller toes (and feet),
hika’t ni’t ya’ ha’l coki’fi wi(c), I am
five and a half feet (tall).
hikat tsu’x, toenail (I).
icak hika’tsim, a barefooted man.
ka‘ne hikat, flippers of turtle.
ciw0'n ikat, paw of cat.
cukitu‘liand hi’kad lat, three-legged
table.
wi ikat, my feet.
hika’-u (perhaps from ka-u, to cover).
ne hika’-u nak wa‘nta (or hatwa’n-
ta), I am going to travel into all

countries (D thinks the form in-
correct).

hiki’ (D-135), hiki’t, west (ef. ik.
ik’ha-u).

hiki’ke i’cak, a western man.

hiki’u ti’cta, I am to travel to the
west.

ya’ i’cak hiki’ke ot, this man comes
from the west (hiki’ke for hiki-+ ike).

hikon, ikon, to fasten, to tie (ef. kon).

ha iko’nkeat, he was fastening.

hiko’nkco, to make fast, to moor
(‘‘amarrear’’).

(h)iko’nkeo, I make fast, I tie a
knot, I fasten!

hiko’fie la‘kic(t), a knot (‘‘nceud”’).

iko™la‘kic, help me fasten!

GATSCHET
SWANTON

icat iko’fic, to bind the head, to
tie the head (D stated that they
bound the heads of infants for a
month, apparently to help the
closing of the fontanelle).

kul iko’ficat, or kuliko’nkeat, he was
fastening.

hiki’, soup, broth.

hiku’av au [am], to boil soup or
broth.

hiku’ hika’, I made soup.

hiki’ nko’xca, do you want soup?

hiku’ ti‘k ika ko, I wish to make
some soup (‘‘je voudrais aller faire
du bouillon’’).

hikw’ (ti-u) icka ko, we want to make
soup.

hiku’ wi nu’‘k tik i’ka ko’, I want to
make soup myself.

hil, to sift.

hi/lekinto, hi’lco, I sift (‘‘je tamise’’).

hi‘lene, a sieve (I).

tso’-ots he’ wip hi’le, corn sifted sepa-
rately.

tso’-ots hile, sifted corn.

tso’-ots hi’lckinto, I sift corn.

tso’-ots hi’lene, a sieve for corn.

tamhe’-uc hili ni, spider web.

hila’-i (L-12, 15, 16, 27, 18; D-29, 54),

hila’yi (L-17), ila’-i, wife (cf. yil).
ha’ hila’-i a’f (or a’p), his wife is here.
ha’ hila’-i a’fét, his wife was here.
ha’ hila’-i a’v o’t’thé, his wife will
come here.
hila’-i ta’nuk, one wife (D—96).
icak hila’-ige (L) (or hila’-i ke’), a
married man, ‘‘a man having a
wife.
wi hila’-i (I), wi ila’-i, my wife.
wi hila’-i hal, wi ila’-i ha‘l, my
second wife.
wi hicintsét hila-i, the wife of my
brother.

hilak, to be tired, to be weary, to be

lazy (cf. lak).

ayil kaukau’kit hé’yilake (or hiiléke)
to-day it is raining and I am
wearied of it.

hila’‘ke, I am tired or wearied (of
something).

lake, tired (A. R.).

icak co’kilake, they are lazy.

na ni‘lake, you (pl.) are lazy (‘‘vous
étes paresseux’’).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 41

nac hi’/lake, you are wearied.
okilake, lazy (A. R.).
co’kilake, he is lazy (another) (‘‘il
* est paresseux”’).
coxkila’ke, a lazy fellow (‘‘pares-
seux’’).
wi hi‘lake, I am lazy.
hilan, hila’fi, turkey buzzard; has
other meanings besides (ef. a’lif).
hila’ii cukte’-i, ‘‘buzzard medicine,”’
(‘‘herbe 4& carancro’’), a kind of
medicinal root (I). The trans-
lated name is said to have been
adopted by the whites.
hila’i té nec, the great laurel (mag-
nolia?); a tall tree with pretty
flowers and without spines.
hi/lafi wo’l ilank wul (A. R.), ‘‘buz-
zard eye,” muscadine.
hilafi wol tei, hila’fi wol te’-i
(L-9), muscadine vine (‘‘la liane
de soko’’).
hile’t, ile’t, ke’let, ke’lét, aunt (both
paternal and maternal), female
cousin.
hile’t, wi lét, sister.
wi hile’t, my aunt (A. R.).
wi hile’t ta (or ta), my female cous-
in, ‘‘my other aunt.”
wi hicilé’t, wi yicile’t, my younger
sister.
wi le’ta, female cousin; le’t ta, ‘‘the
other sister.”
hima’, perfume, scent; to smell (cf.

mun).

hima’tol i’ti, perfume, “‘smells the
best.”’

kau’kau hima’, cologne, ‘‘water

smelling (good).”’

ne’c afi hima’, sweet-scented soap.

ne’c an himat tol(ka), the soap
smells good.

te’xlk hima” hatse-e’c, this flower
smells bad.

te’xlk hima” to’l, this flower smells
good.

himato’l, imato’l, four; E. D. tséts,

tseets. himato’l tsik, imato’l tsik,
eight ‘‘two fours’’; E. D. tsikhuiau.

himato’l tsi’kip, eight times.

himato’lip, four times.

himato‘lip hipo’nso, fourfold.

himato’leém, four apiece, four to
each.

42

ilu’ himato‘l, four years since.

ilu’ himato’l (h)atka’ki, four years
ago (used of years, days, and
hours). :

ive’vc himato’l (h)atka’ki, four hours _

ago.
lat himato’l-u, three or four (L-18).
skale’ himato’l, four bits.
woe pe’ ha himato’l, wocpe’ ha’l
imato’] (D—87), fourteen.
wocpe’ himato’l, forty.
hin, paddle, oar.
hipa’, ipa, ipa’ (D—73), husband.
ha’ wi’ hipa’, this is my husba:d.
kie (h)ipa’xe, kic hipa’haxc, widow,
“woman not having a husband.”’
kic hipa’ke, kic ipake (I), a married
woman, “a woman having a hus-
band’’; pl., kéc hipa‘ke.
ki’c mo’kat hipa’ wé hid’] wé, awoman
who has arrived with her husband
and son (‘“‘une femme qui est arrivé
avec son mari et gar¢on’’).
wi hipa’, wi ipa’, my husband.
wi hipa’ ha’l, my second husband,
“my after husband.”’
wi hipa’ hilo’cat, wi hipa’ hilo’-icat,
my husband defends me, my hus-
band helps me.
hica‘n, hijan,
wi hija’n, wi hija*’, my wife’s mother,
my husband’s mother, my mother-

in-law.
wi hica’n, wi hija’n cakidl, my father-
in-law.
hitso’n, hidso’n, itso’n, idso’n,
hitso’m, itso™ (D-98), small,
little; E. D. cka [shkal, ska (cf.
com).

a’ a®’ hidso®, this room.

a’fi-ids0’‘n, a room (D—42).

ha’e hidso™ na‘k hidso™, he is very
small.

hati‘dsom, ‘‘little things placed on
themselves”’ (L-26).

ha’-u idso’m, small hail, sleet.

hid] idso™’, the younger son (D-82).

hidso’nkia, youngest, smallest.

hidso‘nkit, to lessen (intr.).

hitso’n keo k6»’, small but heavy.

i‘cak idso»’, ‘‘Small Man,” name of a
male relative of Louison Hunting-
ton.

itiyi‘le hidso’nkit, a decreasing moon.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

iye’ edso™’, being smaller than (D-
42):

iye’ hidso”’ it, he is smaller.

kakau’ hidso’m, a star, ‘‘a small
sun.”

kakau’ hidso’m he’-u cak’hu’o, 1
see many stars.

ka’k hidso’m, a small wooded island.

ma‘kmake hitso’m, smallpox.

ne‘e hidso’m ke’-u_ caku’dskit, I
whittle on many sticks.

ne’c hidso’n ke-uku’tskit, I whittle
off from a stick.

ne’c-pa‘l idso”’ kin, in a. buggy
(D-46).

ne’cpalpal hidso’m, small cypress
shingles.

ni’c pa’l hidso™’, (1) a small board,
(2) a carriage, a buggy (‘‘ voiture’’).

0’ hidso"’, small cord, small rope.

pa’-ict hidso™, a hatchet, ‘‘a little
chopper.”

ciwon hidso™’, a kitten (I).

cu’kwak hidso’m, ‘‘small bread,’
biscuit.

tsanu’k hitso’m, a creole pony, ‘‘a
little horse.”

ta’-i hideo™’, a small river, a small
ditch (‘‘coulée’’).

tiho’p hidso’n, a hole not deep.

tu’ hidso’n, a skiff, a canoe, ‘‘a little
boat.”

w0'] hidso’n, small eyes.

wo finin hidso™’, pathway.

woe kima’ti hidso*’, ring finger,
“Tittle middle finger.’’

ya’ hidso™ hiye’ ta, he becomes
smaller than the other.

ya’ hidso™ iti, he is smaller than
(the other).

yac hidso™ iti tane’-us (or ta™ne’-
u), they are the smallest (‘‘the
rest of these are the smallest’’).

yuk’hi'ti na" hidso”’, yuk’hi'ti nf
hidso’m, a small Indian village.

(hi)te’t, (i)té’t, father; E. D. ca-u

[shau] (q. v.).

ha ité’t (not ha’tét), his father, her
father.

hitét hokét ta’n, the father or the
mother.

hitét n okét, my father and mother.

wi hite’t, wi ite’t, wi itét (I), wi
ite’t (D-103), my father.

SWANTON

GATSCH =|

wi hité’t ha’ né ivé’vcat, my father
has measured his land.

wi hitét he’-u i’-uc, my fathers are
enraged.

wi hite’t hiki pa’mét, my father beat
me.

wi hite’t hiko™ hipa’mét, I was
seized and beaten by my father.

wi hitét hio’kn4 o’fic, I can not come
on account of my father.

wi hitét i’-uc, my father is enraged.

wic hu’l cokia’ku, wi hite’t ini’kit
a’iut (or ini‘hat a’fikin), I had
eaten when my father entered the
house (‘‘j’avais mangé quand mon
pére est entré dans la maison’’).

wic nta’ku wi ite’t ini’kat a’fut, wic
nta’‘hu wi ite’t a’fikin ini‘hat,
after I went out my father entered
the house (‘‘quand j’étais sorti,
mon peére est entré dans la
maison’’).

yuki't itét d’tsi tat, Our Father who
art in heaven.

yuki'ti ite’t pel, yuk’hit itét pel
(D-101), our stepfather, ‘our
distant father.”

hi’tutan(P), in the following sentence:

ki‘dsone hi‘tutan he’dskit, the fire is
increasing, the fire is getting bigger
(ef. ik’huntan, and itol). D de-
rives the word from ita’n but it is
more probable that it comes from
hitultnin, ‘“‘it is fixed.”

hi’wal(c), hiwé‘le (I), to dream.

a-iti-ic hiwa’lecta, I will dream to-
night.

hiwale hatse-e’c, a bad dream.

hiwa‘leat, hi-iwa’lecat, I have
dreamed.

iti hi-iwa’lecat, I dreamed last night.

iti ma’fi hiwa'le tiki‘lat (or tik yi‘lat),
I dream all night, I dream until
daylight.

co‘keo ha/hiwa‘lc, dreams imean
nothing (‘‘les réves ne veulent rien
dire’’).

hiwe’-u, powerful, strong, power, very
hard; obliged, thankful (D—55, 59,
LI2N119).

a® hiwe’-u inixni, a” iwe’-u ini‘end,
hiwe’-u a® (I), church, ‘powerful
house.”

66784—32—-4

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 43

Giwile yil u-ev he’ts, New Year,
“‘Frenchmen’s great day” (u-ev=
hiwe’-u).

hiwe’-u kaukau’kit, it rains hard.

hiwe’-uka a’mip, on account of
drinking hard.

hiwe’-uka kaukau’kit, it rains hard.

hiwe’-uka pakna’-u, I run hard.

hiwe’-uka wiha’ yuét, I laughed heart-
ily (‘‘j’ai ri de le coeur content’’).

V‘nkili’e yi‘lu e’vhets, Vnkili’e yil
hu-e’v hets, Christmas, ‘‘the Eng-
lish big Sunday” (hu-ev and u-ev =
hiwe’-u; ive’v also heard).

icaik hiwe’-u ké, a man having power.

ko’-i hiwe’-u a’ la’wét, the church
burnt down.

ko’-i hiwe’-u ko-ine’, prayer beads,
rosary (1).

otse’ hiwe’-u, rattlesnake, ‘‘ powerful
snake.”’

coka’ hiwe’-u, doing much, industri-
ous (D-75). .

co’xkai hiwe’-u, working much, in-
dustrious.

yi'l hiwe’-u, Sunday, “powerful day”’;
a week (D-62).

yil hiwe’-u e’fi, yil hue’v @’i, Mardi
Gras.

yil hiwe’-u_ pé‘tik yi’,
(D-149).

yi'l hiwe’-u yil, Sunday.

yuki‘t hiwe’-uka ico’yét, we have
laughed much.

Monday

hi’yen, hiye’n (D-—66), iya’n, hiyan,

pig, hog (cf. hi’yen, ‘“‘hundred’’):
pl. hiye’n he’-u, ‘‘many hogs’’;
E. D. ef, ending of kaghikan
[caghicann], ‘‘wood rat.”’

hiyin wa‘fi cakmuickit, the hog
roots about.

hi’yen a’l, pork, ‘“‘hog meat.”’ (I).

hiye’n éf, bacon, lard.

hiye’n he’-u caknima’-ulat, they (or
many) killed hogs.

hi’yen i‘fickit, the hog grunts.

hi‘yen icol, pig, ‘‘ young hog.”

hi’yen kic, sow, ‘‘female hog.”

hiye’n nima’-at, a killed hog (°?).

hiye’n nima’-ulat they killed a hog.

hiyen cukwi lkit, the hog is squealing.

ka’kip iyen, ka’kip hi’yen, opossum,
“forest hog.”

44

hi’yen, hiye’n, hif’n, hin (I), hun-

dred (cf. hi’yen, hog); E. D. hehin.

hi’yen pon, hiye’n pon, hid’n pon (I),
hi’n pon (I), one hundred.

hi’yen pon tsi’k, hiu’n po’n tsik (I),
two hundred.

hi’yen po’nip, one hundred times.

hiye’n pon tsako’p, hid’n po’n
tsako’p (I), one thousand.

hiye’n po’n tsako’pip, one thousand
times.

Forms in the Eastern Dialect:

hehin tseets, forty.

hehin nitt, hehin niitt, fifty.

hehin latst, hehin laatst, sixty.

hehin pagho (or paghu?), seventy.

hehin tsikhuiau, eighty.

hehin tegghuiau, ninety.

hehin poon, one hundred.

hehin poon hannik halk hannik, one
hundred and one.

hehin poon happaalst, two hundred.

* hehin poon laatt, three hundred.
hehin poon tseets, four hundred.
hehin poon niitt, five hundred—etc.
hehin poon pagh6, seven hundred.
hehin poon tegghuiau, nine hundred.
hehin poon iolic [hehin poon iolish],

one thousand.
hehin poon iol-ic happaalst hehin poon
iol-ish happaalst], two thousand.
hok-, huk-, together, each other, one

another.

ha’ cok’okina’tsne, his arms or
weapons.

hokina’ts, battle, ‘‘coming togeth-
er’’(?).

hoktewé’ ti’ulat, they left together
(‘ils sont partis ensemble’’).

hoktewé to, we are together.

hokwa’fic, war, ‘‘walking together.’’

hukitso’-i wo’finin, the roads cross
each other (‘‘les chemins se croi-
sent’’).

komo’k he’-u oktanu’ka, many dif-
ferent baskets.

ku'lke hokte we’ to’xnts6l, ku’lke(?)
hoktewe’ to’xnts6l, we have been
together always.

o’kitsa’me, to attack, to fight against.

cok oktika’-u ha’, things differing
among themselves.

ta-i hokinu’l, ta-i hokino’l (A. R.),
the forks of a river, ‘‘rivers coming
together.”

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

hol, to put into.
inu’lco, I put one man in prison.
Jack a® la’kin inho’lcilat a’mip, on
account of drinking Jack was put
in jail.
cok’he’ atse-e’c cak’ho’lculat, they
put bad medicine into them.
tane’-u kaukau’kin pum-hik’hu’l-
culat, some jumped into the water
(jumped down or descended they
did).
wi a® la’kin inu‘leo (or inhu’leo), I
put (somebody) in jail.
holli, to lie down (E. D.) (ef. nihu).
hole (I), north.
ho’lcike icak, a northern man.
hd'lco ti’cta, I am to travel to the
north.
ya’ i’cak ho'lcike ot, this man comes
from the north.
hom,
oft (or 6f (A. R.)) ho’mhom, prairie
chicken.
hon, to mew, to low, to bellow.
ciw0'n hd’nkit, the cat mews.
coko’m (or coko’fi) he’-u wai hd’ntit,
many cows are lowing.
coko” wa’ fi ho’nkit, the cow bellows
while walking.
hop, hole, hollow; to pierce.
a1 hopa’-i, butcher, ‘‘meat piercer’’
(2).
ha’ ho’pco, he pierces.
haco kotke’ ho’p paiha’l, his pants
have holes in the seat (‘‘les panta-
lons sont fendus par derriére’’).
ho’xp na’-ulat, they left a hole
(D-139).
hd’pene la’ns til hu’i, the awl is
under the buckskin (1).
hd’pene la’ns til hu’itikit, the awl
will be under the buckskin (I).
hd’pene la‘ns ti’l hu’yat, the awl was
under the buckskin (1).
itse hu’p, fontanelle, ‘‘head hollow.”’
kaukau’ tehu’p (I), a well; E. D.
aggtihon, source, spring of water.
kat?hd’pe, pond lily, or water chink-
apin (L-8).
ke’lakuats hopc, the bottle is hollow;
pl. ho’pchope.
kidso’ne wi ukutka’-uc ma’fikin te-
ho’p la’wat, the fire burnt a hole
through my coat.

SWANTON

Ren |

komhd’ pe, ko’m ho’ pe, pocket, “‘hang-
ing hole.”

mii af cakho’pe, bumblebee (or
more likely wood wasp), ‘‘bee mak-
ing holes in houses.’’

né’c ho’pene, a big auger.

o’kotka-uc ma‘fi hd’pe, coat button-
hole.

pa‘ktsaxe ho’pe, pa’tsaled’pe (L-7),
squirrel, ‘‘cracking holes in hickory
nuts.”’

pic ho’pene, gimlet, a borer (pic,
“to turn the top of the gimlet’’).

pu’n ho’pco, I blow through (I blow
a hole through it) (D).

co’k nke’a na komho’pcki, what have
you in your pocket?

teho’p ma‘ii, “long tube.”’

teho’p tsa’ko, to stop up a hole
(boucher un trou’’).

tiho’p hidso’n, a hole not deep,
little hole.”’

tiho’p hu’kin, te’hop hu’kin, a deep
hole.

tiho’p hu’kin ha, a hole not deep.

tolho’pe, needle (I).

tolho’peik ikika’wet, tolho’pcik hi-
atka’-ucat, I ran a needle into my
skin.

tolho’peik itkatka’wico, — tolo’pcik
hatka’-uco, I pricked (or punc-
tured) myself with a needle.

tu’ at’ho’pe, tu’ katho’pe, the cane
is hollow (the second form is
probably erroneous).

tu hopke’, the boat is leaking, ‘‘the
boat has a hole”’ (D).

uts hat’ho’pco, I pierce my nose (as
was done by the Choctaw, but not
by the Atakapa).

uts katho’pe (D), u’ts ka‘lhope (L),
nostril, ‘‘nose hole.”’

wai pic ho’pene, a borer made of
stone (1).

wi ho’pco, I pierce.

wi kom-ho’pekin (h)atké’co, I put
into my pocket (D).

wi ne’c ho’pco, I bore wood.

wi tikta’mo tiho’p, I went to dig a
grave (D).

wi tolhd’pe, my needle.

‘o'l-hépe-icki’m, a sieve about two
feet long (about 1885 these were
still being made at Hickory Flat,

ia

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 45

La.), ‘‘with wide eye-holes”’ (Fr.
“crible,’’ ‘‘tamis’’).

hop,

wi hi’ koiho’ pekit, I cough (koi=ko-i,
throat).

houm, mole (EK. D.) (cf. mdm).
hu, to see (cf. tol); E. D., hiu [hiou].

ha’ o’k hi-u’at, he came to see me.

ha’‘tu, hathu, look here! (‘‘re-
garde!’’); pl., hatu’nto.

hatu’ne, (1) to look at, to view, (2)

glass.

hatutu’n4", hatutu’ne, glass, window
glass.

hatutu’n42 a’nkatpans, hatutu’ne

a’nkatpans, glass of window.

hatutuna tsa‘lulat, the looking-glass
they broke.

hiya’ii hu’a, it is there that I saw
this man.

hu’nin hiwoco’ec(o), hu’nin iwoco’e,
I am in a hurry to see him.

hu’ne, to see (D-109).

hi’nst, he is seen (L-35).

hu’o, I see.

icaik hu’, ha(?) hu ya’ ica’k, look at
him!

icak ica’t ha’n hu’-ulat, they see a
man without a head (L-33).

ichu’, icu’hu, look at us!

it hatu’ne, looking-glass, ‘‘to look at
the face.”’

itiyile ihukit’ha, new moon, ‘‘I
don’t see the moon.’’

kakau’ hidso’m he’-u cak’hu’o, I see
many stars.

két hia’ue hu’n& (?), I have no time
to see him, I can not wait to see
him, ‘‘I can not remain sitting to

see him” (‘‘j’attends pour le
voir’’).

kiwile hiku’lat, creoles have seen
him (L-34).

mon nak’hu’let, we see ye all (L), we
lie down (?).

’n hihu ha‘xe a’, don’t you see me?

’n hu’-u ha, I don’t see you.

ok-hu’-ulat, they visited him.

ok-hit ya, he came and looked at him
and (D-116).

o’k-ichu’, come and see us! (D-68).

okeak’hu’-ulat, they went to see him
(them?) (D-—-122).

pel hatu‘ne, spyglass, ‘‘far-looking.’’

46

po’-ol tsa’t’n hu’-ulat, they saw it
afterwards lowered in front (L-83).

cakhu ya’ ica‘k, or cakhu, look at
them!

cakhu’dsél, we saw them.

cakio’l ckali’t haihai’e hu’o, I see a
boy weeping.

cokiu‘le ke-uhu’nto, I read a book,
“T look at a book while sitting.”

tik’hu’ ko’hat, she wanted to go to
see (D-105).

tik’hu’wo (or hu’-uo), I go and visit
somebody, or I went to visit some-
body.

to'lka at’hu’, to’lkatu, watch! be
careful!

to‘lka hatu’ (or hat?hu) wa‘, he
takes care of himself.

to’lkat hu’o, I am careful, ‘“‘I look
good or carefully”’ (not to’lka).

to’ntavm nec hicho’mekin yuk’hi'ti
tu’‘lip lo’xkin iwa’‘t’n hunst, some-
times he is seen coming along in
the bushes on Indian Lake and
Prairie.

wi cak’hu’o, I saw them.

wi cokiu’le he’-u ke’-u-hu’nto, I read
many books.

wi cokiu’le ke’-u-hu’nto, I read a
book, ‘‘I a book sit-look at” (1).

wi coko’n nima’-ul kahiyat tik’hu’,
I went to the place where they had
killed a beef (tik’hu’ = ‘‘ai visité’’).

wie a cokihu’kit ha’xe, wi a cokihu’-
kit ha’xe, I see nobody.

wic to’‘lkat hu’, I watch, I am on the
lookout.

w0'l hatu‘ne, spectacles, “eyes to see
with.”

ya ukinto hu’ta, I wait in order to see
him (‘‘j’attends pour le voir’’).

yu kit ki’c hu’, we look at you.

hue’, hard (?) (EK. D.).

allsteumat hue’, the winter is hard
(i. e., severe) (E. D.).

hui, under (cf. Cukuhu’-i).

hikat hu’i, sole, ‘‘bottom of foot.”

hd’pene la‘ns ti‘] hu’i, the awl is
under the buckskin (I).

hd’pene la‘ns ti’l hu’itikat, the awl
will be under the buckskin (I).

hd’pene la‘ns ti’] hu’yat, the awl was
under the buckskin (I).

hu‘i hatke’, petticoat (I).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 108:

hu‘i hatke’ m&‘fi, a long petticoat
(I).

hu’i hatke’ modk, a short petticoat
(I). :

hui okotka’-uc,
hui okotko’me.

hukin, deep.

hukin ha, not deep.

kaukau’ hu’i, under the water.

na’-u hu’i, sole of shoe.

né hu’i, under the ground, in the
ground (D-135).

pem kaukaw’ hui ko’hitsat, a gun
sinks in the water (1).

cakiél hu’i hatke’, drawers (1).

cikiti’e a’ hu’i, the skunk is under
the house.

tiho’p hu’kin, teho’p hu’kin, a deep
hole.

tu’ kaukau’ hu’i ko’hits, the boat
sinks to the bottom.

wai kaukau’ hu’‘i kohitsit, a stone
sinks in the water (I).

ya hu’‘i pu‘nso, I blow under that.

undershirt; pl.

huké’t (L-38), hoke’t, uke’t, okét,

yuke’t, mother (see teii.).

hitét hokét ta’n, the father or the
mother.

hitét n okét, my father and mother.

okét pe’l, stepmother, ‘‘far mother.”

wi okét tsi’/peat Tsa’yon ne’ ot, my
mother remains in Texas.

wi huke’t, wi oké’t (D—98, 105), wi
uké’t (1), my mother.

yuki't oké’t, our mother (D-109).

i-a’n (L-6), a fish (undetermined);

Gatschet says probably the Creole
“choupique.”

iautall, side; perhaps, rib (E. D.) (ef.

wext).

ik, iki, to come down, to drop, to drip;

blot, dot.

ek’hu ma/‘keo, I plunge into the
water.

i'cak iko ko ulet, they had a man
arrested (or seized) while coming
down.

kaukau’ hiki’kene, gutter, ditch
(‘conduit d’eau’’); to irrigate.

kaukaw’ iki‘k, iki’‘k kau’kau, water
dripping or leaking.

kaukaw’ iki’kit, the water is dripping.

kaukaw’ iki‘kn3, eaves.

kaukau’ ike, water drop comes down.

G eiconal
SWANTON

ne’c nét hi’ko, ne’c ne ti’ko, I climb
or come down from the tree (A. R.)
(nét=né ot).
nome tami’k haihai’e hi’kit, a child
is coming down weeping.
ta‘-u iki’kit, water drop, ‘‘stands and
drips.”’
wi hiko, I come down.
ikau, ikao [ickao] (H. D.), bad, ugly,
nasty (cf. hatse-e’c).
ik’ha-u, to drown (cf. ik).
hatik’ha’-uco, I drown myself.
ik’ha‘-uts(t), to be drowned.
pu m-hik’hu‘Iculat, they jumped into
the water (D-147).
wi cak wi'ci ik’ha’-uc (or -uts),
tik’ha’nét; ké’me (hi, -L.) a’-ucén,
ika’-uts’n, my old man has failed
to drown himself; if I had not
known how to row he would have
drowned himself. (‘‘Mon vieux
a& manque de se noyer; si je n’avais
pas su ramer, il se serait noyé’’).
iggp [liiggp], blood (E. D.) (ef. ik).
iit, the Akokisa word for ‘‘wind,’’ ren-
dered in the Newberry library copy
as sst or ttt. (ef. hi and patspats).
tl, green, fresh, new, raw, uncooked; to
clean; pl., ilil; E. D., kalla [calla],
new; eell, hard (C) (perhaps unrip-
ened).
il ya‘ko, I eat things entirely raw
(‘je mange tout eri’’).
ilic, to clean something.
iti’yile, to clean something.
iti’ yile 11, new moon.
né -cilenin 71, a new broom.
né-cilenin i] to’lka ci‘lentat, a new
broom sweeps well.
on il, aserpent with green and yellow
stripes, ‘‘the stinging snake’ (A.
R.), “the hoop-snake.”’
ilan, to mourn, to grieve.
ilai-wa fitat, she grieved continually,
she went grieving (D-105).
i fic-wa’nkin, while they were mourn-
ing (D-115).
ifie probably intended for ilafiec, or
else another form of it.
wic ila’fis wi ickice’t o’t, I am mourn-
ing for a sister.
illipi, to jump (E. D.) (ef. pux).
illitt, to stand, to be erect (EH. D.) (ef.
tsdt, ta, to).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

47

ilu’ (D-87, 88, 96), ilu (1), elu’ (I),
heat, hot, warm, summer, year (cf.
4m, hiku, itsa-i, to); E. D. allit
{alliou], summer, hot, heat; alliada
{alliouou], heat.

‘ ila, this summer,

,

a’ elu’, a
year.

a’ elu’tiit, this spring.

elu’ nak elu’, intensely hot, ‘‘hot
very hot.”

elu’ tu’t, spring (I).

elu’ik hicokhé’ cat, the heat made me
sick, I became sick through heat.

ilu’ himato’l, four years ago (I).

ilu’ himato’l (h)atka’ki, four years
ago (used of years, days, and
hours).

ilu’ tanu’kin, one year ago.

iti ilu’, last year.

kakau’ ilu’, the sun is hot (or lak
ilu’).

ki’c no’me ke’-at i‘ti ilu’, this woman
had a child last year.

ki‘deone elu’, the fire is hot.

noha’me ku’ ilu’e, a boiled egg,
hot egg.”

ya ilu’, that year.

this

ary

alliu hannigg, one year (H. D.).

alliiu hatte’, the heat is oppressive
(EK. D.).

ilu’ tanuk, one year; E. D., allii
hannigg.

nagg allii, the sun is hot (H. D.).

in, to ask, to question.
ino, I ask.
ca’ kino, I ask many.
wi k caki’nu (probably wi ok caki’nu),
I let somebody come, ‘I ask
them’’).
yule caki‘n o’k, a written invitation
to come to visit.
in, to enter (cf. ne, na-u, nul).
a®’ hiwe’-u ina’-u icak, priest, ‘‘the
person who goes to church.”’
a® hiwe’-u ini’xnd, or a®
ini’cnd, ‘‘powerful house
into,’’ chureh.
a’fikin ini’ho, I get into (or go into)
the house.
a’fiut ini’ko, I enter the house.
ha a’fikin ina’-ulat, they entered his
house (D-114).

iwe’-u
gone

48

ikunyu‘tsip ina’-u cakna’-ucul ha’,
they would not let others enter
(D-118).

ina’-u, come in ; also I come in (“I
bring in?’’).

ina’-ulat, they entered (his house).

inu’leo, I put one man (in prison)
(“je mets Vhomme (dans le
prison)’’).

icak ina’-ulét a’nkin, (these) men
have entered the house (‘‘(ces)
hommes sont entré dans la mai-
som):

Jack a®la’kin inho’lcilat &’mip, on
account of drinking Jack was put
in jail.

kaukau’ ta’-u
comes in.

ko’mok ya’-u cak’ha’ne, to put fish
into a fish basket (hane should
probably be ine).

ini’xkit, the water

ko’mok ya’-u_ cakina’-ucne, _ fish-
basket (cf. ne).
okotka’uc ko®-ina’-u tsaxk, take

and bring in a shirt for it is dry!
(‘‘rentre une chemise, elle est
séche!’’).

cakina’-uc, I put into (prison) (ef.
ne).

cakina-uct a®lak, they put them
into prison.

cakina’-uculat, they brought it in.

cu’l puxini‘kat kako’ki(n), the dog
jumped through the fence.

tane’-u cakina’-uc ko’xca‘hulat, they
would not admit others (D-117).

wi a®la‘kin inu’leo (or inhu’leo),
I put (somebody) in jail.

wi icak ina’-uco, I put men (in
prison).

wie ku’l cokia’ku wi hite’t ini‘hat
a’nkin, wic ku’l cokia’ku wi hite’t
ini‘kit a’fiut, I had eaten when my
father entered the house (‘‘j’avais
mangé quand mon pére est entré
dans la maison’’).

wic nta’ hu wi ite’t a’fikin ini‘hat,
wic nta’ku wi ite’t ini’kat a’fut,
when I went out my father entered
the house (‘‘quand j’étais sorti
mon pére est entré dans la mai-
son’’).

yuki‘t ina’-uts¢l, we come into (the
house).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108.

ifi, to grunt.
hi‘yen i‘fickit, the hog grunts.
ina’‘hi, beyond (cf. nak).
wai ina‘hi, beyond the stone.
ya’ hina’hino’ na‘kta hinahino’ ict,
one side (of the paper, ete.) and
the other side (‘‘on this side and
now on the other side’’).

ine’, myrtle bush.

ini, ini, to search, to hunt, to look for
(ef. in).

ica’k tsanu’ki ifi-cakna’-ue, let.
men on horseback search! (D-59).

*nhi-i‘nat; hatna’xka pa’-i hitienina,.
you have sent for me; how can I
come back?

ok-inat, he came to hunt for me.

ok-ifieat, he came to hunt for (some-
thing).

wic i‘fiiu, 1am on the lookout; pl. of
obj. caki’fiiu; pl. of obj. and subj.
caki fitsel.

I’nmanta-u, name of an Atakapa.
chief from whom the Mermentau
River received its name.

ind’, side.

ta’-i m& ino’-i, on the other side of
the river.

to’Ipot ino’, on the east side (D-71).

tu’l ma ino’-i, across the lake (D-78,.
100).

ya’ hina‘hino na‘kta hinahino’ ict,
one side (of the paper, etc.) and’
the other side.

Yuk’hi'ti Tu’l hiki ino’, on the west.
side of Indian Lake (D-135).

inte’, nte, neck.

inte’ nal, throat, ‘‘neck sinew” (Ii
almost inaudible).

inte’ cuk, back of neck, occiput.

it’he’ okyu’l, inte okyu’'l, neckerchief,
necktie.

nte’ki(n), up to the neck.

okotka’-uc (i)nte’ tsixl, okotka’-uce
nte’ tsu’l, shirt collar.

intok, jaguar (?) (given as “‘tiger’’)
(BD.).

ind (see tsan).

wi nu’k hati‘ni’co, I hide myself
(perhaps it should be wi nu’k
hatsinii’ co).

inwe (or inne), face (E. D.) (see it).

i-0’l, id], i-ol, hi-ol, male, man, boy
son; E. D. idl, man, husband.

GATSCH er

eee DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 49

ha i-ol, her son; ha idl (E. D.), her | i6fi, to beg (cf. nam).

husband (also ha-iool).

ha’ cakio’l, this is my husband (?).

ha’ coko’n ecakiu’1, her ox (I).

i-d] he’-u, sons.

ki’e mo’kat hipa’ wé hid’l wé, a
woman who has arrived with her
husband and son (‘‘une femme qui
est arrivée avec son mari et
garcon’’).

ki wile ca’kidl, a Frenchman, a creole.

no hame ¢a’kiwi’l, rooster (1).
ca’kiol, men (L-23, 24), cak-iol,
boys (D-81).

ca’kid‘] hu’i hatke’, drawers (I).

cakiol ickali’t (1), (i)cakio’l ickali‘t,
boy.

cakio’l ckali’t haihai’e na’kco, I hear
a boy weeping.

cakio’] na-u koko’p, a man’s stock-
ings, socks.

ca‘kid’1] cuko’ke, pants (1).

cakid’l] wa’fi a’-uc, a lame boy (I).

cak-i6’1 wa’ci, an old bachelor (I).

cokid’1 no’me (properly cakid'] no’me),
the boys (D-65).

coko’n cakiu’], bull (I).

tsik-i-ol, twins, ‘‘two sons.”’

wi hica’n (or wi hija’n) cakidl, my
father-in-law.

wi i-6l, wi hi-dl, wi yol (I), my son;
E. D., my husband.

wi hi-d] hidso’n, my youngest son.

wi yol yu'ds, wi idl yu’ds, my eldest
son.

ya cukio'l, the men (D-144).

wee iool [ouéé iool (C)], ue’ idl, my

husband (E. D.).

iolic [iolish], old (E. D.) (cf. wa’ci).

hehin pon iolic [hehin pon iolish], one
thousand, the old hundred (E. D.).

hehin pon iolic happalst [hehin pon
iol-ish happalst], two thousand
CE D:y.

i-on, to sting.

i-0’fi, it stings (once).

koyi'u cakio’fic, koyi‘u cakio’ne (I),
whooping cough (‘‘coqueluche’’),
“stinging them in the throat”’ (?).

min cakio’fi, wasp, ‘‘stinging bee.”’

mif cak-yé’nkit, a bee stings many.

tsanu’k cakio’fic, horse fly, ‘stinging
horses.”’

icak co’k cakio’fi hite’-u, a beggar,
“‘one who likes to beg.”’
wi cokeakio’fickinto, I am begging.

yuki'ts ti’ene icd’ficat, we begged her
not to go (D-110).

ipa’l, hipa’l, near, by (cf. pal).

kidso’nke ipa’l, kidecone hipa’l (I),
fireplace, hearth (‘‘foyer’’), ‘‘near
the fire.”’

wai’ ipa’l, by the stone.

i’pedk (D-116), doctor, physician.

haic ipcd’k, he is a doctor.

ha’‘ie ipco’k@’n& (or -ne), he will be a
doctor.

ilu’ tsik wiic ki’wile ipco’ké*has, I
will be a doctor in two years.

icak he’-u ki’ wile ipeo’ xku’l, men who
will be doctors.

icak ki’ wile ipcotikit, a man who will
be a doctor.

icak tanu’kip ki’wile ipco’kat, a man
who once was a doctor.

ki’wile i’pedk, a French (or white)
doctor.

ki’wile ipco’kinto, I am doctoring, I
am going to doctor (A. R.).

na ic iped’k, you are a doctor.

nakitic i’peok (A. R.), you are doc-
tors.

wic hi-ipco’kat, I was a doctor.

wi c ipco’k, I am a doctor.

yuk’hi'ti ipcd’k, the Indian conjurer
(D-55).

yuki‘ti ipco’kéné’, we will be doctors.

yukitic ca’kipcedk, we are doctors.

ipu’ts, only, but.

hac no’me tanu’k ipu’ts ke, he has
but one child.
nome ta’nuk ipu’ts, but one child.

Iska’nta, proper name of a man

(Skunnemoke ?) (see skenne).

ic-, objective pronominal prefix of the

first person plural; often used
where English requires the subjec-
tive pronoun.

af ’no’kén ich’méhé, if you come here
we will drink.

eku’nnak o’ktsél, we arrive just now.

ha icd’me, he gives us to drink.

ichu, look at us!

icitsyu’tsicat, we grew up.

iclemce, he loves us.

50

icna’-utsén, when we get there. (N.
B.—This seems to contain both
the subjective and the objective
forms of the second person plural.)

icpatsha’‘hat, he did not whip us.

tansta‘lik icanki/mene, we playing
with cards.

tiu-sakio’ns icwa féhé, we will start
out visiting.

yuki't ico’fic, we do not want.

yuki't icco’keokec, we are sick.

yuki‘t iccukia’-iko, we want some-

thing to eat. :

~ic, -c, “in the pronouns this means
sequent in time; I do it now, after
this you do it”? (D); a similar pre-
fix is used with verbs.

ic [ish], star (HK. D.); ic fiche], sun
(Ak.) (see kakha’u).

ic [ish] heu [héou], many stars are
shining (KE. D.).

icetions [ichetions], stars (Ak.).

ic, to rot, stink, smell bad.

né‘c ic, a rotten tree.

néc’ ic he’-u (or i‘cic), rotten trees.

cikitic i’cat, the skunk stinks.

Tso’ots ic, ‘‘Rotten Corn,’’ proper
name of a chief living on Lake
Charles.

ica, to be born.

kiwi‘le nd’nki ica’két, he was born in
a village of whites; or at Lafayette,
the old name of Vermilionville.

wi af i-ica’két (A. R.), wi a’vp (or
a’p) i-ica’két, I was born here (‘‘v”’
almost inaudible).

ica’t (L-19, 34), ica’t (L-33, D-38a,
54), head; E. D., achat [ashhat
(P), ashat (C)]; Ak. sac (sache).
ha’ icat la’c, not having a scalp, he is

a scalped man.

hakit ica’tip, on their heads (L—26).

hi’ cat o’ts he’xkit, the top of the head
is smarting.

icik icat la’c, shaved head, perhaps
scalp.

icak ica’tsim, a bareheaded man.

icat atyéné (D-132, 133), icat atyi’n-
sne (D-136), crown of head.

icat ha’l, back of head.

i’cat he’, having a headache; distr.
i’cat he’he.

icat héc, headache (1).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

icat iko’fic, to bind or tie the head
(said to have been to close the
fontanelle, since it was continued
for only a month).

ica’t ito’Ile, to prepare or fix the head.

icat lac, scalp (I).

ica’t tol ké, having a good head
(‘bonne téte ayant’’).

ica’ tkin, on their heads (L-37, 38).

ica’tkin pa’kco, icat pa’xco, I flatten
the head (of a child).

icteme’kin pu‘nso, I blow into a hat.

ictemét, hat (of man), cap (1).

iictemét ma’, sunbonnet,
hat? Giz

kodsnin icat caklaend, ‘‘knife for
shaving the head,” scalping knife
CPi

ku’dsnin ti’k icit, iron arrowhead
Hs

Tsaxta’ hakit no’me ica’t cakpalpa’!
icat, the Choctaw flatten their
children’s heads (D-38a).

tik icat, arrowhead.

ticat, brain.

icix, to cross, to ford.

a‘kitoe lu’l (icict), the frog swims
(to the other side).

hukitso’l wo’finin, the roads cross
each other.

ici’ ho, I go over.

John tanko’hi ya’ lu’l-ieci’hat, John
jumped in and swam over.

kaukau’ ka’e ici’xkinto, I cross at
high water.

kaukau’ ka’ cik ici’x a’-ucat, she could
not cross the high water (D-107).

kaukau’ na/‘l ici’‘ho, I cross at low
water.

(kipa’xci) ta’-i pa’mici’ko, I ford a
river on foot. (The first word is
not essential.)

tsanu kip hite’-u ici’ko (or ite’ w-i' ciko,
hite’wici’ko) ta’-i (kipa’xci), I
ford a river on horseback (kipa’xci,
‘across,’ may be omitted).

ta’-i lu’l (icict), it swims (to the other
side of the river).

yu'l okitso’-ic, crossed, having stripes
crossing each other.

icka’m, ickem, broad (ef.
thick); E. D. see uici.

alin hick3’m, big grapes (L-9).

“long

kome,

een |

SWANTON

ha’-u ick&i’m, sleet, hail, “large
snow”’ (‘“‘du verglas’’).

itsik icke’m, big ant (‘‘grosse
fourmi’’).

ne’e taka’-uc icki’m, a large thick
limb.

ne’c taka’mc icki’m, large thick
limbs.

ne‘tatat ickim he’-u, big oranges
(‘grandes oranges’’).

o’k yul ickim, shawl, ‘‘broad hand-
kerchief.”’

ots ickim, molar tooth,
tooth.”

wa’e ickim, wa’c ickém, cabbage,
“broad leaf”’.

wae ickim wil (I), wa’e ickém
wil, cabbage root; also turnip,
“broad-leaf root’’.

wo'l-hope-icki’m, aboriginal sieve
about two feet square (Fr. ‘“‘crible,”’
“tamis’’), “having wide eye-
holes’. Made at a place called
Hickory Flat in 1885.

w6l icki’m, large eyes,
eyes.”

ic6‘l, nail.

kits’n i’cdl, iron nail.

kuts’n tat icdl, brass nail.

ne’¢ icdl, wooden nail.

icd/1 (pronounced like word for ‘‘nail’’),

young, little one (ef. hitso’n);
E. D. iepe [ishpé], boy, young.

ha ic6‘] a’xlic, ha icd‘1 a’xict, she lost

“broad

“broad

her calf.

ci’won ico’l, coko’n ico’] (I), kitten,
young cat.

coko’fi ico’] (A. R.), coko’m ico’l, a
calf.

cul icd’1, puppy, young dog.

ta’-i icd‘l (or ici’), a bayou, a rivu-
let, a brook (L).

wo’c hicd’], small finger.

wo’¢c ico’] ha’n, nine, ‘‘ without little
finger.”’

wo’c ico’l ha’nip, nine times.

nikib [nickib] woman, wife, young
mother (E. D.)

nikib icpe [nickib-ishpe], tegn-icpe
[tegn-ishpe], girl, young woman
(EL Dy).

wi nikib [ué nickib], my wife (E. D.).

ha nikib [ha nickib], his wife (E. D.).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

dl

ict, it is (= -c).
ya’ hina’ hino’ na‘kta hinahino’ ict,
“now on this side and now on the
other side it is,’ one side (of a
paper, etc.) and the other side.
i’ctoxc, histo’xc, mulatto.
icuhe, to pity, to like; also te care for,
to be anxious for.
ha’ tu’ ieuhe’, he is uneasy, or
anxious, about his boat.
wi ica’k icuhe’, I am uneasy about
the man (i- = the incorporated
personal pronoun?).
wi ica‘k cohe’, I like my family.
wi’ ki’n hi‘cak cuhe’-u, I am uneasy
on account of my home, I pity the
people at my home (‘‘de chez moi
je suis inquiet’’).
wi cuhe’ ica’k, I am uneasy about.
my family (‘‘I pity” is used here
for ‘‘I am uneasy’’).
icul, to catch; pl. of obj. ica-u.
icu’lat, he caught it.
icu’lulat, they caught it.
koko’kic-o’-ik cakicau’tsél, we catch
them by means of a fishing line.
na kit icu‘]tém, you (pl.) caught it.
cakicau’tsél, we catch them (D—50),
wic icu’l ndi’, I catch a fish.
ya-u icu’lo", I have caught (or
pulled out) a fish; 2d person: na
icw’la (A. R.), na icu’lo, na icu’lén.
ya-u tsik cakica’wu, I have taken
two fish; sing. ica’ wu.
its, to wake, ‘‘to get up.”
wi h(y)ati’tsat, I wake up (intr.).
wi caki’dso, I wake somebody up.
wi cakidsidso, I wake somebody up
repeatedly.
its-, perhaps derived from itse, top,
above (q. v.).
icitsiu’tsicat, we grew up, she raised
us (D-101).
icitsyu’tskin, while we were growing
up (D-78).
wi nome tsik cakitsyutsickinto, I
raise two children.
itsai, to fry (cf. 4m, ilu’, tlo).
al itsa’-i, fried meat.
al itsa’-i, 1 itsa’ine, beefsteak, ete.
ka‘ne itsa’-i, fried turtle.
kapi’ itsa’i, to parch coffee (‘‘guller
du café’’).

§2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

kapi’ itsa’-ine, parching pan for
coffee.

noha’‘me ku _ itsa’-i, omelet, fried
eggs, scrambled eggs.

cakitsa’-i ha’-u ya’-e-(h)atpe’nstsél,
we fry many and eat enough (pe=
to finish) (D—51).

wi itsa’-i, I fry.

itsa’k, its&k, ant.

itsak icke’m, a large ant (‘‘grosse
fourmi’’).

itsak pa’, anthill; nest of ant (‘‘nid
de fourmi’’).

itse’, itsix, itsi(k), top, culmination,

above; also bulge of forehead
(ef. ots).

itse’, bulge of the forehead (Armojean
did not recognize this word).

itse’ ha’c, ‘‘not having head-top”’
(proposed as an equivalent for
““scalped man’’).

i'tse hehe’, top of head (he’he=iye).

itse’ hi’p, fontanelle, ‘‘head hollow.”’

itsi’xt, or kakau’ itsi’xt, it is noon, |

twelve o’clock (‘‘il est midi’’).
itsixt ha’xsta, itsixt ha’xcta, fore-
noon, ‘‘it is not twelve yet.”
itsi’xt katpa’-ict, afternoon (I).
itsiwan, dizziness, vertigo, ‘‘top of
head moving.”
kakau’ itsi’(k) iwat, the sun rises.
kakau’ itsi’xne 6/1, the sun is on the
point of culminating, the sun is
soon going to culminate.
itsk, chest, breast (lungs?).
itsk kamka’m, ‘‘what stands out
from the breast.”’
itsktétat ka’-utskit, the meadow-lark
is flying (I).
cukco’c itsktéta’t, lark,
breasted bird.”’
wi i'tsk po’ckit, I bleed from the
lungs.
its-kawi'c, coward (‘‘capon’’) (‘head
covered”’ itse ka-u (?)); E. D.
odskahé, coward (‘‘poltron’’).
i‘t, manure.
co’kon it, coko’n it (I), manure or
dung of cattle.
it (D-120), i’t, 6t (I) face, E. D. inwe
(P), inne (C); i’ti, it, before, the
first, more (pronounced about like
word meaning “dark’’).
afi iti, in front of the house.

““vellow-

[BULL. 108

a’c 1a’k i’ti tsi’k, he is the stronger
of the two.

ha‘hu it, first, previously (D-91).

hati’t’ tiko’mc, apron, “‘hanging in
front’ (?) (1).

hima’tol i’ti, perfume, ‘‘smells the
best.”

hidl wa’‘cin i’ti, the oldest boy (D-—8)

ikunyu'ts iti, my youngest son.

it atko’picne, white paint for the
face (I).

it hadsa’kene, it hadca‘ene (I), towel,
“face wiper,’’ ‘“‘face dryer.’’

it hatu’ne, looking-glass.

it itiyi‘lc, the first month, the past
month.

it ca‘k hadsa‘kie’nto, I rub or dry
the face.

iti ilu’, last year.

iti pa’kna’-u, I run before (some-
thing following me at about equal
speed).

iti te’m, day before
(‘‘avant-hier’’).

i‘tiwank (or i‘twank) ho’kwafic, war
chief, ‘“‘going ahead in war.”

itiwa’ pét, a little dizzy.

itiy itiye’lc hal, the last month (of
the year).

itiy itiye’lec kima’tip, the intermediate
month.

iye’ hidso™ it, he is smaller.

ki’e no’me ke’-at i’ti ilu’, this woman
had a child last year.

manha’‘n iti, quicker, quickest (‘‘ plus
veloce’’).

na’ it la’ke, your face is dirty (I).

ots i’tkin, front tooth.

coki'ti (L—-10), co’xkiti (D—10), chiefs,
“ahead of things’? (but this mav
be a mistake for coko’-i).

tsanu’ke la’-ak i’ti tsat cu’lut iye’lak,
the horse is going ahead of the
dog (la’-ak, strong, quick).

tsanu’ke mets i’ti cu’lut iye’mets,
the horse is taller than the dog.

tanu’k ma‘fi iti’, to overlap, one the
longest, ‘‘one larger than the
other.” ;

wai’ iti, on this side of the stone.

wa cin iti, my oldest son.

wi it tla’ke, my face is dirty.

wi iti wa’nkinto, I govern, I am
chief (‘‘je vais devant”’).

yesterday

GATSCHET
SWANTON

wic hi-i'ti, I am the first of a line
(‘‘je suis le premier d’une file’’).

wo’c it, index finger (it, ‘‘devant’’).

ya hidso™ i’ti, he is smaller than
(the other, ta®).

ya yuds i’ti, he is larger than (the
other, ta®’).

ya’c hidso™ i’ti tane’-us (or ta"ne’-u),
they are the smallest of all, ‘‘the
rest of them are the smallest.”’

yuki't iciti’, we are the first of a line
(‘nous sommes les premiers d’une
file’’).

aite-u, to ride.

atkipaxci ite’wu, I ride with the legs
on both sides (as was formerly
customary for women).

ite’ wi, I ride.

kina’‘] ite’wo, I ride astride.

num tanu’k ite’wo, I ride on one
side.

pel ha ite’-u o’kne, it is not far to
come when one travels on a horse.

cukite’-uka’hune, chair.

cukite’-uka’ wine hatwilwi len3, rock-
ing chair.

tsanu’k ite’-u, I ride on horseback.

tsanu’kip hite’-u-ici’ko (or ite’w-iciko
or hite’wici’ko) ta’-i kipa’xci, I
ford a river on horseback.

wi teyo’ cukite-uka’ne o’ts ne’-u, I
put the box on the chair.

yuki't tsanu’k cakite’-utsél, or yu’kit
tsanu’k cakito’kic, we ride on
horseback.

ite-u, hite-u, to like, liking to (Creole

“ramendeur’’).

icik kitsak 4’m hite’-u, a whisky (or
brandy) drinker.

icak co’k cakio’fi hite’-u, a beggar.

‘icdk co’k cakts&’nke hite’-u, a great
thief.

ko’-i hite’-u, a big talker, one who
likes to talk, slang-whanger, ‘‘ba-
vard:””

ccaknam hite’-u, a beggar, ‘‘liking to
ask them.”

tsanu’ki ite’-u o’kne, coming on a
horse (D-68).

wic kétsa’k {t&’, I lovew hisky (Teet
Verdine).

wic wan hite’-u (or ite’-u), I like to
walk.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

53

itha’fi, ita’fi, where.
ita’‘fi moOn, everywhere.
it’ha’it ike ok’n, where do you come
from?
it’ha’fi ti’ cta (or di’cta), where do you
go?
na’ na’-u ita’fi na’-i, where did you
put your shoes?
’nt’ha’ ike 6’k’, ’nt’a’-ike 0’k’n, where
do you come from?
cu’ k-4m-a’fi nta’fi (or ita’fi), where is
the kitchen?
cul ita’ni a’, where is the dog?
it’ha’ns, ita’ns, itants, cloud, clouded,
cloudy (‘‘nuée’’), sky, heaven (cf.
iti); E. D. tagg, heaven, sky; tagg-
techy, cloud, stormcloud (‘‘nuée’’).
ita’ns ha’, clear sky, ‘‘not clouded.”
ita’ns ka’-uc, it’hans ka’-uc (I),
cloud, a flying cloud.
ivha’ns ka’-u ko’mi, the cloud is
heavy (or thick).
it?ha’ns ka’-u 1a’k, the clouds go fast,
the clouds drift rapidly, the fast-
flying clouds.
itha’ns utskau’ckit, a cloud is going
over (the sun).
kakaw’ ita’ns utska’-ucat (or utskau’-
cét), the clouds cover the sun, the
sun is clouded over.
né mitane’n icaik ’n moni, the world,
“all people in earth and heaven.”
yi lita’nts, the day is dark, the day is
cloudy.
iti’ (D-113, 114), dark, evening, night
(iti, before(?)); E. D. tegg, night;
ett (or possibly ete), darkness.
a itiyi‘le, this month (D-—53).
a’ iti’, to-night, this night.
a-iti-ic hiwa’‘lecta, I will dream to-
night.
eti’ a’ o’yu, yesternight I slept here.
eti maf, iti maf, the whole night
through.
iti hi-iwa’lecat, I dreamed last night.
iti’ kima’t, midnight (1).
iti ma’fi hihai’xtikyilco, I wept all
night.
iti ma’ hiwa’'lec tiki‘lat (or tik yi‘lat),
I dream all night (until daylight).
iti’ nak iti’, it is very dark.
i‘ti te’m, day before yesterday (I).
iti’e ina’ha, dusk, getting dark.

54

iti’yile i], new moon.

itiyi‘le pe’tst kahiya’, itiyi‘le pe’tst
kawia (?), last month.

itiyi‘le tanu’k, one month (L-39).

itiyi‘lc yi’l, the moon shines.

na’ kta iti’, it is very dark.

té’i (I), te", dusk (probably in the
evening); Ak. tin, night.

te’ns, té’fis (D-51), on evenings,
evening.

te’ wocwo’cin, tém wocwo’cin,
screech owl, ‘‘evening screecher.”’

tin-idl [tin-idle], the moon, ‘night
light”’ (Ak.).

wi nta’ku(?) a” lak it?hi, I went out
of prison in the evening (‘‘je suis
sorti de la prison le soir’’).

wi tefis a*la’kin ita’hu, I left the
prison in the evening.

yu kit afi iti’ yi‘lekit, our house is
lighted up at night.

ten ett, the night is dark (EH. D.).
tegg idlect hannigg, a month (E. D.).
itol, itul, to arrange, prepare, put,

place (ef. iwil).

a’fi-idsd’n otd’leo ’nké’tne, I have
ready a room for you to stay in
(otd‘leo probably a mishearing of
itd’‘leo) (D—42).

hitu’Ito, I put into.

huké’t haki’t u’ts cakito’Ileénet, the
mothers put their noses in order
(L-38, 39).

ica’t ito’lc, to prepare, fix (or flatten)
the head.

kidsonc hi‘tutan(?) hedskit, the fire
is increasing (perhaps _hi‘tutan
should be hitulnan),

kidco’fickin hitu’tna (for hitu’ltn3),
something for me to put into the fire.

cukituliand, cukitu’lian3®, table, “for
arranging things.”

ti duiméc itd’'le, titi himd’ct itdle, to
prepare for burial.

wi himo’c hito’leo, I prepare for burial.

wi itu’], I put, I place.

wi pam eto’leo (er hito’leo), I have
beaten and shaped, prepared, fixed,
or arranged.

wi ca itu’‘lo tsanu’k o’ts, I put some-
body on a horse.

ya’ cul ha’ a’n ito’leo, ya’ cu'l a’n
ito’lco, I fix the ears of that dog.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

yuki'ti o-ina’ka (h)atitd’/le ha‘hat,
she did not dress like the Indians
(D-77).
itol (P)..
ok ito’lép (A. R.), o’k wito’lep
(ok=hok?), at the same time.
i-u(c), angry, wrathful, enraged; pl.
he’-u i’-ue.
i’-ue ha’xcin, don’t become wrathful!
wi hitét i’-uc, my father is enraged.
wi hitét he’-u i’-uc, my fathers are
enraged.
iwa’l, shell (when open) (a
shell= uk).
iwa'lkin, among the shells (D-135).
iwan, to move, to vibrate (cf. wan).
hatsiwa fic(o), I am wriggling.
itsiwan, vertigo, dizziness.
itiwa’nét, itiwa’nat, a little dizzy.
ne iwa fic, earthquake.
wi a’n iwa’nico, I move the ears.
wi tsiwa’nic(o), I am moving, I am
stirring.
iwef, hiwév, to measure.
hiwe’ ve tanu’k, one mile (D—138).
ive’ ve himato’l (h)atka’ki, four hours
ago.
kaka’-u iwe’ucne, clock, ‘‘to measure
the sun.”

closed

kaka’-u iwe’ve, watch.

kaka’-u iwe’ve pac, watch cover.

né i’ weve tanu’‘k, a mile square, ‘‘one
land measure.”’

wi hité’t ha’ né ivé’vcat, my father
has measured his land.

iwe-u, iwef, to mock, to imitate.

iwe’v’ cakyu'le, portrait, picture,
“something drawn like”’ (I, D).

kakau’ iwe’-uene, a clock, ‘‘to mock
the sun”’ (this may not have been
the exact word employed but, if
not, it was nearly the same).

na iwe’-uckinto, I am mocking you,
I am going to make fun of you
CAuyRA)E

wic iwe’-uco, I mock (D).

iwil, to put in order (perhaps the plural

of itol).

ahena’ka u’ts cakiwi'lénst, they put
their noses in order in the same
way (L-39).

itiyi‘le tanu’k cakiwi'lénst, they ar-
ranged one month (L—40).

GATSCH =i

Seikeendd DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 55

iye’ (D-72), iyi, heyi, he-e, hehe, to ya yu'ds iye’ ta®’, he outgrows the

rise, to grow, more, also sometimes
equivalent to the comparative
ending -er.

he-e’ckit m6n, every morning (I).

he-e’cta, morning (‘‘le grand matin’’),
dawn.

hiye’kiti (L-13; D—-29, 30), heyi‘kiti
(perhaps originally he-yu’kiti or
heyi-yu’kiti), Eastern Atakapa (pos-
sibly including the Opelousa).

hi’yikpu, hi’yikpim, to jump, ‘‘to
rise and jump”’ (ef. pux).

hiyita’nto, I stand.

hiyita’to, I will stand.

itse hehe’, top of the head.

iye’ hidso™ it, he is smaller.

kakhau’ ewat, the sun rises.

kakhau’ hiye’kiti, at the rising sun.

kakauw’ iya’-uts, sunrise (1).

kakaw’ iye’tskat, the sun rose.

kakau’ iyé’tskit, the sun rises.

kakau’ iye’tsné d’t, toward sunrise
(iyi+its) (D-31).

kima/tkin ko” yiya’-u, I lift (a stick)
by the middle part.

ku’ts oki’-ya’-u, a red flag.

mon hiyitsot, many are standing.

ne’c na tanu’k ko™ iya’-u, you lift a
stick at one end.

cokiya’-i, high, ahead of them (L-11).

tsanu’k la’-ak iti tsat cu’lut iye’
lak, the horse is going on ahead of
the dog.

tsanu’k cu’l o’t iye’ 1a’k patna’-u,
the horse runs swifter than the
dog.

tsanu’ke me’ts i‘ti cu’lut iye’ mets,
the horse is taller than the dog.

tsanu’k(c) cu’l o’t iye’ méts, the horse
is taller than the dog.

tu’l ta’yut (or ta’-i o’t) iye’ ka’e,
the lake is deeper than the river.

tul te’-u iye’ edso™, a smaller lake
than End Lake.

tuts tanu’kip, (I stand) on one leg.

wi iya’wo, I hoist.

wi iyi, I get up, I rise.

ya‘ hidso™ hiye’ ta®’, ya’hidso™ yiye’
ta®, he becomes smaller than the
other.

ya’ ki‘e cokei’u tane’-uca’k iya’-i,
this woman is the stingiest of all.

ya’ tsiik o’t cakiye’ 14k, he is the
stronger of the two.

other.
yuki't iyi’ ya’ puhitsé’ctsél, we rose
and jumped over.

ka, to make, to do (D-85).

hiku’ hika’, I make soup.

hiku’ tik ika ko, I want to go to
make some soup (‘‘je voudrais
aller faire du bouillon’’) (ti’k
ika, “‘to go to make”’ (‘‘aller pour
faire’’)).

hiku’ (ti-u) icka ko’, we want to
make soup.

hiku’ wi nuk tik i’ka ko’, I want to go
to make soup myself.

imd’c mak ma‘fi ka’, (they) made
a long grave mound (D-139).

inlo‘hi (or nlo’-i (L)), coka’kinto, I
help you working.

inlo’hi (or nlo’-i) coka’kinto, I help
you work.

iya’nék mon ’nka‘né, that is all for
vou to do (D-60).

ka’-at, he had done (D-119).

ka’-ico ca’kko’me ka’-u o’kotka-uc,
I mend a shirt.

kane’, what has to be made.

kapi’ ka‘n, to make coffee.

ka/-ulat, they did.

ka’-ulén, when they became (D-112.)

kidco’ne npu’nsén la’-u ka’, blowing
the fire starts it.

ko’mcka’-u, I make somebody hang
up; pl. of obj. ca’kko’me ka’-u.

kul ka’, kul ka‘n, already made.

ku’‘tsnin ka, making a knife.

kuyak’ho’ caka’tsél, we made sau-
sages.

lakla’‘ke ko’pik ka, made of silver
(D-133, 134).

lu’ itka a’mene, a pottery cup.

mi‘le keo’ yi’l maf coka’xko, though
he is blind he works all day; 3d

person -kit.

ne’c 4/ii hika, I make soap (‘‘stick-
grease’’).

nec 4f hikata, I am going to make
soap.

ne’e coxkita’-une ka’-u, I erect a
seaffold.

nka‘kit, you are doing.

nua ja ka’, coxka’ cakwa’c, I com-
mand you to do this.

nul ka’tin, laying (a foundation)
and making (D-136).

56

oki ka’n (I), o’ki ka,
(‘‘toile’’), ‘‘made of cloth.”

pu’m ka/-ulat, they held (or made)
a dance (D-141).

pu’ns’n ka’-u, I make somebody
blow (L).

ca cok’he’c hiwe’-u ka’-ulén, when
someone became very sick.

caka’, she made them (D-78).

cakua’ cuka’, coxka’ cakwa’‘ec, I com-
mand them to do this.

coka’ hiwe’-u, doing much work, in-
dustrious (D-75).

cok’hatse-e’c caka’, to bewitch, ‘‘to
do bad things to them.”’

cok ’nka’ a, what is the matter with
you?

co’k wanka na’xn, or co’k wan ka
na xn, what are you doing?

cok wacwacifi ku’ltan a’-ulat, things
they did long ago (D-85).

co’xkai hiwe’-u, coka’ hiwe’n (A. R.)
industrious, ‘‘doing much,” ‘ work-
ing much.”

coxka’k lo’-ico ick, I help somebody
working.

coxk hatka’xk, dress (D-128).

cuxka’ atse-e’c, they are all bad,
“doing things bad.”

cuxka’xkinto, I am going to work.

cuxka’xho, I work.

to’l ka, well done (from to’l kav?).

to’l-n ka’-u, I make good (or well).

tu’‘ik ka’, made of cane (D-—128).

tu’l ka’kit, he lives well (or with com-
fort), ‘‘he does well.”’

wa’-aju ka’, coxka’ ha’wac, I com-
mand him to do this.

wi ko’mok ka’-u, I make a basket
(D); pl., caka’-u.

wi na’-u hika’, I make shoes, I am a
shoemaker.

wi co’ pa’ ke hika’, I have palpitation
of the heart.

wi cukwa’k ka’, I make bread.

wi tsafic ka’-u, I make him push.

wi tso’-ots (h)a’tkane(?), I mill
cornmeal into flour, it is to make
cornmeal.

wi teyo’ cukite-uka’‘ne o’ts ne’-u, I
put the box on the chair.

wi to’ lka-u, I cure.

wi c hehatka’-u, I hurt myself.

wic ika’o, I have done it(?).

canvas

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

wic ka’-o, wi ka’-u, I do something.
ka, that which.
nakit tsanu’k cakwinétém nak caka’x-
lecat ka’, did you find your
horses which you lost? (D-—58).
ka,
ha’‘tkanan, pillow, cushion (probably
contains instrumental suffix-ni"
and reflexive prefix hat-; cf. ke,
to sit).
ha‘tkanain ka’-ue,
ucne, pillowcase.
kahiya’,
itiyile petst kahiya (or kawia (L) (see
kaki and ka)), last month.
wi coko’n nima’-ul kahiyat tik’hu’,
I went to the place where they
had killed an ox (kahiyat, place).
ka’-i, then (D-—122).
ka-i(P) (perhaps from ka, to make).
ka’-ico o’kotka-uc, I mend a shirt.
kaihi, kai-i,
hatkai‘hicne, suspenders (D and A.
R.) ; hook and eye (‘‘crochets’’) (L).
na’-u koko’p katka’yiene, garter.
til atkai-icne, belt, strap for girding
oneself.
kak, crow, and raven; E. D., kahagg.
kak, forest, woods; E. D. kagg, wood,
tree (‘‘bois’’).
kak hidsom, woody island (if small)
(‘tle de bois’’).
kakin ti’cta, I go to the woods.
ka’kip, in the woods.
ka’kip hiye’n, ka’kip iye’n, ka’‘kip
hi’yen (I), opossum, ‘‘wood rat,”
“hog in the woods’’; E. D., kag-
wan [caghiann] (C), kaghikann
[caghicann] (P).
kako’k, ka’kok, fence (‘‘barriére’’).
ka’kok a‘nkat, fence gate.
kako’k tim, yard, court, garden,
‘‘picket-fence.”’
nec-tamce ka’kok, rail fence.
cul puxini’kat kako’ki(n), the dog
jumped through the fence.
cul puxitsé’cét kako’k, the dog
jumped over the fence.
te’xlk-kako’k ti’mkin, rose ‘‘flower
in the garden.”’
kakaw’ (A. R.), kau’kau (I), kaukaw’ (I,
L-19, D—30, 107), water, rain; E. D.
kaukau [kakaou] (C), rain, brook;
E. D. ak, water (ef. ak, liquid); Ak.

(h)atkane’ ka’-

SWANTON

rece |

kaké [cacaux], water, koko [co-
cau], sea.

aktsa’-u kaukau’, clear water.

Anacoco prairie (name perhaps con-
tains kaukau).

ayil kaukau’kit hé’yilake, it is now
raining (or misting) and I am
tired of it (‘‘aujourd’hui ¢a bru-
masse, je n’aime pas cela” or ‘“‘je
suis lasse de cela’’).

himi’c kau’kau, give me water!

hiwe’-uka kaukau’kit, hiwe’-u kau-
kau‘kit, it rains hard.

Jack kaukau’ o’k &’mkit, Jack kau-
kau’ o’k 3’m’ne, Jack comes here
for drinking water.

ka’fi hemi‘ci kau’kau, you should
give me water (kani=‘‘devrais’’).

kaukau’ a’knak, kaukau’ tsat, run-
ning water.

kau’kau aktsa’-u, aktsa’-uc kau’kau,
the water is cold, clear, trans-
parent (‘‘l’eau est froide’’), the
water is settled.

kaukau’ &’mne, drinking water.

kaukau’ &’mto, I am going to drink
water.

kau’kau éf, e’fie kaukau’, greasy
water.

kau’kau éfict, kaukau
is greasy.

kau‘kau ha®, there is no water.

kaukau’ hatpa‘u, the water eddies.

kaukaw’ hi, kau’kau he’, salt water,
“bitter water.”

kaukau’ hika’-u, I am thirsty.

kaukau’ hika’-u ha’, I am not thirsty.

kaukau’ hiki‘kene, gutter, ditch,
(‘‘conduit d’eau’’), to irrigate.

kau‘kau hima’, eau de_ cologne,
“fragrant water.”

kaukau’ hu‘i, under the water (1).

kau’ kau iki‘k, iki’k kau’kau, dripping
water, leaking water.

kau’kau iki‘kit, water is dripping.

kaukau’ iki’kni, eaves, ‘“‘for the
water drippings.”

kau’kau k&’c, the water is high and
deep, high water, high tide.

kaukau’ ki’e ici’xkinto, I cross the
high water.

kaukau’ke, it is raining (probably
should be kaukau’ket).

tm

éne, the water

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 57

kaukau’kin, in the water, into the
water (D-147).

kaukau’kit, it rains.

kaukau’ kombnst [caticat combnst],
the rain is heavy (EK. D.).

kaukau’ ko’mi, the rain is heavy.

kaukau’ ku’ts, red water, red wine,
claret.

kaukau’ ku’‘ts a’‘mka-u, wine drunk.

kau’kau makau’, the water falls (over
a dam, ete.).

kau’kau mél, the water is black.

kau’kau mé'lct, kaukau’ me’le, the
water is blackened.

kau’kau nal, the water is shallow
(‘‘basse’’).

kaukau’ na’l ici‘ho, I cross the low
water.

kaukau’ na pi’xka, are you thirsty?

kau’kau na’-uthe (or na’-u’ne), rain-
water tub, ‘‘to keep water in.’’

kau’kau nép, the water is low.

kau’kau nke’a, you have water (to
drink).

kaukauw’ o’npats, kau’kau onpa’ts,
“sour water,’ vinegar, root beer.

kaukaw’ o’ts, on the water (I).

kau’kau otse’, water snake (I).

kau’kau o’tsep, the water is high and
deep.

kaukau’ tsad, the water runs.

kau’kau tsa’ktsit, the water is falling,
the water is getting low, or dried
up (‘‘’eau baisse’’).

kau’kau_ tsa’xkit, kau’kau_ tsa’‘kit

(ibid.).

kaukau’ ta’-u ini’xkit, the water
comes in.

kaukau’ ta-uto’kit, the water boils
standing.

kaukau’ tehu’p, a well.

kau’kau tlo’ke, the water is muddy
(“brouillée’’), muddy water.

kaukaw’ tlo’ke u’c, the water is too
dirty.

kaukau’ u’c tsa't, the water is
running.

kaukau’ u’e tlo’ke, the water is
muddy (‘‘brouillée’’).

kokan, a kokan, the ocean (A. R.).

na tik tat kaukau’kin, you go and
stand in the water! or you are
standing in the water.

58

nal kaukau’, shallow water.

nép kaukau’, low water.

ne’c kaukau’ otse’ po’le-wa’nkit,
wood floats in the water (I).

pem kaukau’ hu’i ko‘hitsat, a gun
sinks in the water (I).

ciko’m kaukau’ cokmi‘co, I give the
cattle to drink.

cict kaukau’ ha‘n, the pitcher is
empty of water.

eict kaukau’ pu’‘k, the pitcher is full
of water.

el kau’kau &A’mét, a dog lapped
water.

ta’-u-iki’kit kau’kau, water dripping,
the water is standing and dripping.

tempst kaukauheu [tempst caucau-
heu], the spring is rainy (E. D.).

tik kaukau’kin po’le-wa’nkit, an
arrow floats in the water (1).

ti-u kaukau’kit, it rains hard.

ti'uxts kaukau’kit, it drizzles, it
rains gently.

tu’ kaukau’ hu’i ko’hits, the boat
sinks to the bottom.

wai kaukau’ hu’i ko’hitsat, a stone
sinks in the water (1).

wi a” kaukau’kin, my house is in
the water.

wi kau’kau ha” (D), wi kau’kau
iha’c, I got no water.

wic kaukaw’ e’fic, I grease the water.

wic kaukaw’ me’le, I blacken the water.

wie kaukau’ me'leckinto, I will
blacken the water.

yuki't kaukau’ki" tso’-onsél (or tso’-
ontsél), we stand in the water.

ka’‘khau (A. R.), ka’kau, kakau’

(D-31), kaukaw’ (L-13), koka’-u,
sun; E. D. nagg; Ak. ic [iche].
ka‘kau hidso’m, star, ‘little sun”
(1); E. D. ic [ish].

kakau’ hidso’m he’-u cak’hu’o, I see
many stars.

kakau’ ilu’, the sun is hot.

kakaw’ itsi‘(k) iwat, the sun rises.

kakau’ itsi’xné 6/1, the sun is on the
point of culminating, the sun will
soon culminate.

kakau’ itsi’xt, it is noon, it is midday
(‘il est midi’’).

kakau’ ita’ns utska’-ucat, kakau’
ita’ns utskau’cét, the sun is clouded
over, clouds cover the sun.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108

kakau’ iwe’-uene, a clock, ‘‘to mock
the sun’’ (this may not be the
exact word used but it is very
near it).

kakau’ iwe’ve, watch (L-13).

kakauw’ iwe’ve pa’‘c, cover of watch.

kakaw’ iya’-uts, sunrise.

kakaw’ iye’tskat, the sun rose.

kakaw’ iyé’tskit, the sun rises.

kakau’ ko’hets, sunset, ‘‘the sun is
going down.”’

kakau’ kd’tskitn, kakau’ ko’hitskin,
after sundown.

kokau’ yi'l, the sun shines.

kaki (cf. ka and kahiya).

hina‘ka ilu’ woecpe’ la‘t atka’ki, about
thirty years ago (D-—96).

(h)i-u’xts atka’ki, ever since I knew
her (D-74).

ilu’ himato’l (h)atkaki, four years ago
(used of years, days, and hours).

ilu’ wocpe’ ha’‘l imato’l (h)atka’ki,
fourteen years ago (D-87).

ive’ve himato’l (h)atkaki, four years

ago.
ka‘’-u _atka’ki, since his death
(D-123).

kal, cane mats (‘‘tapis de canne’’) (?).
kalla [calla], new (EK. D.) (ef. il).
Kalna’-u, name of an Atakapa man;
(na’-u, bristle, hair).
kam [cam], fire (the Hiyekiti or East-
ern Atakapa (and perhaps Ope-
lousa) equivalent for kidso’ne).
kam hamic [cam hamish], give me
fire! (EK. D.).
kam, to scratch.
hatka’meat, I seratched myself.
ci'won ha ka’mcét, the cat scratched
him.
ci won hika’mcét, the cat scratched
me.
ci won icka’mcét (also iceak’ka’m-
cét(?)), the cat scratched us.
ciwon nakka’mecit (also nakeak’-
ka’meadt), the cat scratched us.
ci’won ’nka’mcét, the cat scratched
you (sing.).
ci’ won cak’ka’meét, the cat scratched
them.
wic ka’meo, I scrape (with knife,
etc.).
yuki't to okatka’mckitnto, we scratch
each other.

GATSCH Leal

SWANTON DICTIONARY OF THE

kam, to stand out, to protrude.
ha’l kamka’m, ‘‘standing out from
back,” dorsal fin(s) (1).
i‘tsk kamka’m, breast fin(s), ‘‘stand-
ing out from breast’’ (1).
ko’m kamka’m, ‘‘standing out from
belly,” central fin(s) (1).
ne’c-teka’mc kamka’me, the limbs
stand out from (the tree).
ne’c-wil ka’mkame, the roots stand
out from (the tree).
nok ha’l, te’-u kamka’m, tail fin(s)
(I).
nok kam, noka’m, shark, ‘fin
stands out’’; no’k kamka’m, fins.
kams [cams], Akokisa word for the
genital organs (cf. toto’c).
jakoms [jacoms], the Akokisa word
for the testicles, probably com-
pounded of ca, ‘‘person,’”’ which
designates most often a masculine
person, and kams, ‘‘genital or-
gans.”’
kamtsi’c, a fly said to eat mosquitoes,
probably the dragon fly.
kan, to sound, to roar.
ka/nkit, it is sounding or it roars.
pél kankit lo’filofic, pél lo’filofic
ka’nkit, it thunders’at a distance.
co’k ka’nkit, something is roaring.
kafi, should, ought (‘‘devrais’’) (?).
ka’fi hemi’ci kau’kau, you should
give me water.
kafi [kang], wind, air (EK. D.).
kafi tsamps [kang tsamps], the air
is cold or chilly, the wind is cold
(EK. D.).
ka’ficinke (I), kan ci’nke, or ga’fi
ci/nke, live oak.
ka’ficinke nec, live oak tree.
ka’ntsa’-u, hoe.
Kap,
kapkapst, thunder (E. D.).
kapkapst maghasu (E. D.),
thunder is loud or strong.”’
kapi’, coffee.
kapi’ ha’n, there is no coffee.
kapi’ itsa’-i, to parch coffee (‘‘gril-
ler du café’’).
kapi’ itsa’-ine,
coffee.
kapi’ ka’n, to make coffee.
kapi’ lili, to grind coffee.
66784—32 5

“the

parching pan for

59

ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

kapi lilin’, coffee mill (‘‘moulin de
café’’). [

kapi’ Ots, coffee grains.

kapi’ ya’mc(o), to pick up coffee
grains.

kapO’, cup.

kapo’ a’mcnén, a cup for drinking.

kac, high water, deep.

Jean Ka‘ca, (perhaps contains this
stem), the name of an Atakapa
who formerly lived near Westlake
sawmill.

kaukau’ ki’c, the water is high and
deep, high water or high tide.

khaukau’ ka’c ici’xkinto, I am going to
cross at high water.

kaukaw’ ka’cik, high water (D-107).

kaukau’ ka’ckin, in the rising water
(A.R), in a swelling of the sea
(D-30).

tu’l ka’c, a deep lake.

tu’l ka’ckit, tu’l kacet (1), it is flood
tide.

tu’l ta’yut (or ta’-i o’t) iye’ ka’ec, the
lake is deeper than the river.

kats,

ka’‘tskats, polished, smooth, sleek.

na’-u katska’ts, slippers.

ne’c katska’tsicne, plane (‘‘rabot”’).

nec ke’-ukatskatsicnto, I plane off
while sitting.

kats,
al kats, scab (on a sore).
k&’tse (D.), katsal (A. R.), ugly; pl.
katska& tse.

kika ka’tse! how ugly he

(‘comme il est vilain!’’).
kat (I, D-144), mouth, and jaw; E. D.
katt, kat; Ak. kat [cat] (cf. afi).
a”’kat, a’fikat, door, ‘‘house mouth.”’
a"kat modk, window, “‘short door’’
(1); pl. a’‘ikat mokmok.

a’‘nkat mo’k pa™hico, I close the
window.

a’nkat mo’k cakpa’xnico, I close the
windows.

a’fikat mo’k utsu’tska, pointed win-
dows.

a’ fikat mo’kin na’yu (or ne’-u), I put
them in the window.

a nka’t pa’-ic, an open door (D-123).

a” katpa"s, window, ‘‘house mouth
that shuts.”

is!

60

ka’t hatsa’kco, I gargle, ‘‘I wash the
mouth.”

kat’ho’pe, kat’hd’pe (L-8),
lily, ‘‘hollow mouth.”’

ka‘t kee 6, rope of horsehair used in
bridles (‘‘cabresse’’).

ka‘t na’-u, katna’-u (L-24), beard,
moustache, ‘‘mouth wool.”

kat na’-u hatla’cni (I), katnau’
hatla’cne, razor, ‘‘beard shaver.”

kato’, lip, “‘mouth edge”; E. D.

pond

kathoo.
kato’ ko’tsk, a person with a harelip
“cut lip’’(I).

ka’tpic, crooked mouth (‘‘qui a la
bouche tournée en travers’’).

kat-tu’ts, a kiss, ‘‘a mouth suck.”

ka’t u’ts, bill of bird (L).

ko’dsnin kat kec, kat ke’e, bridle,
‘ron put in mouth.”

pém katsi’k, pém ka’t tsik, a double-
barreled gun, ‘‘a gun with two
mouths.”’

tsi't katke’mic, give me a chew of
tobacco! (‘‘donne un chew to-
bacco!’’).

wi kato’ né, my lower lip, my under
lip.

wi kato’ o’dsi, my upper lip.

wie ka’t-td’ts(o), I kiss, ‘‘I mouth
suck.”’

ka’tkoc, eagle; E. D. katkoc [catcosh]
(P), katkue [catcuc] (C) (cf. kits,
to cut off—G).

Ka’tkac-yo’k ta’-i, Caleasieu River
(D.

Ka’tkoeiok, name of a chief from
whom Calcasieu River received
its name, sig. ‘‘Crying-eagle.”’
Lo Lacasine was his grandfather
or great grandfather. (See yok.)

ka’tkoc ko’-ikit, the eagle is secream-
ing (I).

katpa’‘k, trout; (pl.) katpa’ (D-50)
(kat, mouth (?)).

katt, mountain (E. D.).

ka-u, to die, when dead (L-25, 32;
D-54, 131, 138), death (D-123),
the dead (D-126); E. D. kaau
[kaaou], hau, death (?).

hika’u-, I die.

ikunyu’ds ka’-u, corpse of a boy (I).

icik ka’-u, a dead man; pl. icak
capi’xk, ic&k capi’xt (I), icak

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

capix, “the dead” (‘‘les morts”’),
an archaic term for the white
people.

ivcak ku’ltan ka’-u, a man a long
time dead.

itiyile pe’tst kahiya’, itiyi/le pe’tst
kawia, last month.

ka’-u ha’xe ta’n, before he died
(D-106).

ka‘-u-ha‘nét, she came near dying.

kaukau’ hika’-u, I am thirsty, ‘I
die of thirst,” ‘‘I am near dying.”

kaukau’ hika’-u ha, I am _ not

_ thirsty.

ka’-ukin, after he died (D-100),
after death (D-118, 120).

ka’-u ne’e caxkita’-une, scaffold for
the dead (1).

ka‘wat, she died, he died (D-87, 88,
91, 96, 105).

ka’wét, he is dead, he died (‘‘il est
mort’’) (D-54).

ki’e ikunyu’ds ka’-u, the corpse of a
girl (1).

kic ka’-u, a dead woman (I).

kitsak ka’-u, inebriated, ‘‘whisky
dead” (D-79).

kucme’l ’n cako o’k&t, there are a
negro and a white man coming
(given by Teet Verdine).

*nka’-utikit, you are going to die
(‘tu vas mourir’’).

niifi-u’cip coko’-i (or co’xko-i) kitsa’k
i’m-ka’wét, the village judge was
dead drunk.

dlhika’-u, I am hungry, “I die of
hunger.”

dlhika’-u ha’, I am: not hungry.

caka’u, dead and brought to life
again (‘‘mort et ressuscité’’).

caka’-u ko’-i u’xts, those who know
how to speak the language of the

dead, or the language of the
whites.

coxko’-i wa’ci ka’wét, the old chief
died.

wi hika’wét, I am drunk; also I was
dead.

wi ka’-u, I am dead.
wi no’me kiwe’t, my child is dead.
ka-u, to cover, to put into.
éf ka’-une ci’xt, grease jar.
ha’‘tkanin ka’-uc, (h) atkane’ ka‘-ucne,
pillowcase.

Barscanr) DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 61

SWANTON

hatutska’-ucne, veil over the face at | ka-u, to prick.

birth, caul.

it’?ha‘ns utskau’ckit, a cloud is going
over (the sun).

it utska’-uc, face covering (D-—120).

it utska’-uculat, they covered his
face (D-120).

kakau’ ita’ns utska’-ucat, kakau’
ita’ns utskau’ cét, the sun is clouded
over, a cloud is going over the sun.

ka’-unen, ka’-unin, ka’-une, sack,
bag, sheath, case.

kelakwa’ts ka’-uc, stopper of bottle,
cork of bottle.

kelakwa'ts ka’-uc maka’wét, the
cork has fallen down.

né-cic ka’-une, salt-cellar, ‘‘to put
salt in.”’

okotka’-uc, shirt.

okotka’-uc (i)nte’ tsixl
shirt collar.

okotka’-uc ma‘fii ko’m-tat, an over-
coat hung up, an overcoat hanging
up (lit. standing erect).

te’yux kolilawind (or kololaka’-uni),
match box.

tik-cakxa’‘-une, quiver (D-131).

oko’tka-uc mafi nd’k, coat sleeve.

wi okotka’-uc ma’it ko’mna-u, I
hang up an overcoat; pl. of obj.
cak’komna/-u.

(or tsitl),

ka-u, to fly.

he’-u_ cakeu’ec ka/’-u ti’utit, many
birds fly.

itsktétat ka’-utskit, the meadow-lark
is flying (I).

ivha’ns ka’-u ko’mi, the cloud is
heavy or “the flying cloud is
heavy.”

itha’ns ka’-u 14’k, the clouds go by
fast, the fast flying clouds.

ita’ ns-ka’-uc, it’hans ka’-ue (I), hav-
ing flying clouds.

ka’-uts, to fly.

ka’-utskit, it is flying.

noka-une’, wing (of bird), ‘‘arm for
fiying.”’

cakcu’c ka’-u-tsa’t, the bird flies,
“the bird goes flying.”

cukco’c a” o’tse ka’-uts, the bird
flies over the house.

ka-u, to awake.

hika’-untét yi‘l tu’tan, I awoke in
the morning (‘‘je me réveillai le
matin’’).

tolho’pcik hiatka’-ucat, tolho’pe
ikika’wet, I ran a needle into my
skin.

tolo’pcik hatka’-uco, tolo’pe itkatka’-
wico, I pricked myself with a
needle.

wic hehatka’-u, I pricked myself.

ka-u(c), to comb.

hatka’-ucn&, for combing (oneself or
others).

ka-ucni’, ka’-uene, (I) comb.

wihatka’uco, I comb myself (icat,
head, may be supplied).

wi no’mc ka’-uco, I combed my child.

wi ka’-ucne pa‘lu, I break a comb.

wi ka’-ucne pa'Ipal’u, I break a
comb in different places.

ka’-uc, ka’ve, handle (‘‘manche’’).
ka-tc,

hika’-uckin, on getting
(speaking) (D-148).

through

ke, to sit (always with affixes, and anim.

and inanim.); pl. nul.

a‘tnaxka m4 fi ket ’nu’xts a, how
long can you stay? (D-—44),

eiku’n ke’-uhatla’cnto, I am just
shaving myself seated (I).

eiku’n (or eku’n) ke-ucukia’kinto, I
begin eating sitting.

icak ke’-uwa’lIento, I fan a man who
is sitting.

icak tanu’k ke-ula’ento, I shave
another seated.

icak tu’két, a man in a boat seated.

icka’, we sit (according to Teet

Verdine).

John ha’ kin két, John remains at
home.

ka’-anto, ka‘nto, két’nto, I am
seated.

ka’‘hune, a seat.

kece’c ke’-ucakwa’‘lento, I fan many
girls sitting.

két, seated (‘‘assis’’).

két hia’ue hu’nd, I have no time to
see him as I sit.

ké’tne, to remain (D-110).

ke-u, when sitting.

ke’-uhatua lento, I sit fanning my-
self.

ke’-uké’mekintu, I am seated pad-
dling.

ke’-uki’nkckinto, I will sit sawing
wood by hand.

62

ke’-uko’-ikinto, I speak sitting.

ke-uko’tskinto, I cut into while sit-
ting.

ke’-upi‘cinto, I twist, I contort as I
sit.

ke’-upickinto, I sit twisting it (?).

ke’-ucakii’ mkinto, I sit telling lies, I
lie.

ke’-ucokeaktsificto, I sit stealing, I
steal.

ke-u (or ge-u) cukia’kinto, I am going
to eat sitting.

ke’-ucuxkinto na‘ke ke-uciu’lkinto, I
smoke while writing.

ke-utsipa’xckinto, I glue something
while sitting (‘‘coller’’).

ke’-uyi‘nts, I wrap up as I sit (ke’-
uywWlexu’kinto, I am drawing a
design seated.

kic kunyu’ts ke’-uwa’Iento, I fan a
girl sitting.

ko’-i hatwicka’x két, ko’-i_ hat-
wicka’xc két, a person that forgets
he sits down from his talking, i. e.,
a person who talks too much.

ne’c hidso’m ke’-ucaku’dskit, I whit-
tle on many sticks.

ne’c hidso’n ke’-uku’tskit (or ke’-u
kw’ dskit), I whittle off from a stick.

ne’c ke’-ukatskatsicnto, I plane off
while sitting.

*nké’tne, you stay in (D—42).

nu’l két, settled (D).

nin ké’t’ntat, he lived in a vilage,
she (do.) (D-74, 94).

nu’nkin ké’t’nto, I live in a village.

okotka’-uc ke’-upa‘tsnto, I sit wash-
ing a shirt.

otse’ hatcima’lkét, a snake sitting
coiled up.

pak ne’p két, footprint, track (man
or animal) (‘‘piste’’).

coki’c ke-uhé’tskit, coki’e he’tskit,
the plant grows (‘‘la plante gran-
dit’’).

cokiu’le ke-uhu’nto, I read a book
sitting, I sit looking at a book.

cuki6’/1e-hatke’, pantaloons (D-—65).

cukite’-u kahunin ka‘nto, I am sit-
ting down in a chair.

cukite’-u-ka’‘hune, chair.

cukite’-u kahune’ ka’-anto, I sit in a
chair.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{BULL. 108

cukite’-u ka’-une két’n, I sit down in
a chair (L) (?).

cukite’-uka’ wine hatwilwi‘len&, rock-
ing chair.

té’xlk két, bud opened out into a
flower (?), ‘‘bud sitting.’’

ti’uxts két ia’-uc, I can not keep still,
I am restless.

wi ke’-u-hoka’kinto, I am weaving
sitting (1).

wi ke’-uokcoka’kinto, I sit weaving
many things.

wi ke’-ucaktsipa’xckinto,
pl. objs. as I sit.

wi ke’-ucokiulento (D), wi’c ke’-
ucokiu’lento, I am going to work
sitting.

wi ke’-ucukit’Ikinto, I am writing
seated.

wi ke’-ucukci’kinto, I am sitting
sewing (1).

wi ke’-ucukcokci’kinto, I sew many
things.

wi ke’-utsipaxckinto, I am gluing
as I sit (I).

wi nuk ké’to, I stay by myself.

wi nuk ketu’xtsél, we stay by our-
selves.

wi nd” u’ckin ke’ta, I stay in New
Orleans (‘‘Big Town’’).

wi okotka’-uc ke’-upa‘tsnto, I sit
washing a shirt (I).

wic ke hia’mkin Jack maka’wét,
while I was drinking Jack fell
down.

wi cokiu’le ke’-uhu’nto, I read a
book, ‘‘I a book sit look at’’ (I).

wi coku’le he’-u_ ke’-uhu‘nto, I
read many books.

wi ti‘uxts ke’t’nto, or wi atela’iic
ke’t’nto, I sit still, I am quiet.

wi yilén ake’ta, I am going to stay
to-morrow.

wic ke’-ucakiu’lckinto, I am writing
while seated (I).

wic ke’-ucukia’kinto, I am going
to eat (I).

wic ke’-utluxkco ya’ cokiileo, I
smoke while sitting writing.

wic ca’ ot ke’-ucakiu’lckinto, I
write for somebody.

ya hatpe’-két, I am sitting here pre-
pared (or ready).

I glue

SWANTON

|

ya pe’ket, ya pel ket, that one sitting
far off.

ya pel két, ya’ pe’két, that one
(further off), that one far sitting.

ya fi ké’tntat, she lived there (D-—72).

yots kanto, to squat.

yuki'ti nu’nkin ké’t’ntat, she lived
in the Indian village (D-71).

ké, ke, to have, to possess, to own;
E. D. ka or ko(?), ke.

ha’ke, he has, he possesses.

ha ku’tsnin ke’, he has a knife.

hi‘ke, hike’, I have, I possess.

icaik a’fi he’-u ké, men having many
houses.

icak a’f két (or ke), a man having a
house, or 2 man in the house.

icak hila’-i ke’, icak hila’-ige, a
married man, “a man having a
wife.”

icak hila’-i tsik ke’-én hatse’-ec,
when a man had two wives it was
bad (L-17).

icak hila’-i tanu’k ke’at, a man had
only one wife (L-16).

icak hiwe’-u ké, a man having power.

icik coxké, a rich man, ‘‘a man
having things.”

ica’t to’l ké, having a good head
(“bonne téte ayant’’).

kau’kau nke’a, you have water to
drink.

ke’at, he had (D—55, 80, 97, 99).

ke’ne, having (D-63).

ki‘e nome ke’at i‘ti ilu’, this woman
had a child last year.

kie cukutké, women’s dress, gown
(I).

ki‘ wilc ké, a slave, ‘‘he has a master.”’

koyi‘u hiwe’-u ke’at, he had a bad
cold.

kutsni’n hike’ (or hiké), I have a
knife (past, hike’at; fut. sing.,
hike’ tikit).

ku’tsni(n) nke’a (or naké’a), you
(pl.) have a knife.

ha ku’tsni’/n ke’ (or ké), he has a
knife.

ku’tsni(n) icke’ (or ické’), we have a
knife.

ku’tsni(n) ke’a (or ké’a), they have
a knife.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 63

lakla’xe hatna’ nke’ a, how much
money have you?

na e’fike, you have a name.

na’ke, you have, you possess.

nec Af hike, I have soap.

cake’at (for cak’ke’at), they (or he)
had them (L-10, D-137).

cakio’l cukoke’, cakio’l-cuk’hatke’,
ca‘kiol cuko’ke (I), pants, ‘‘male
dress.”

Canai’ke (abbr. from Cuknai’ke), the
name of an Atakapa man and
signifying ‘‘having ducks.”

co’k nke’a na komho’pcki, what have
you in your pocket?

cok’héc oktanu’k coka’-at, she had
the same disease (D-92).

cokiu'le hike’-at ayi‘l, I have received
a letter this day.

coxto’l he’-u wic ke’, I have much
luck.

coxto’l ické’ tne, we have luck (D—52).

cukutke’, cukotke’, cuka’tke, cux’-
hatke’, coxk-hatkaxk, female
dress or robe, ‘‘something she has.”’

tu’ hipke’, the boat is leaking, ‘‘the
boat has a hole.”

tu’ cil ok’hia’ ké, the schooner has a
sail.

wo’c ha’tke, wo’c atke’, finger ring,
“having on one’s finger.”’

wo'c ke, finger ring (D-127).

ya’ ki’e tsi’kxo’ ke’at (or cakke’at),
this woman had twins.

ya cu'l ha’‘kit kif, that dog is theirs.

ya’ cu'l ha’kit kifiat, that dog was
theirs.

ya cu'l ha’‘kit kifitikit, that dog will
be theirs.

ya’ cu'l ha’kit cakifi, these dogs are
theirs.

ya’ cu'l na’ ki’fi, that dog is yours;
pl. of obj. yuki’t cakifi (L).

ya cu’'l wi’ ki’fi, that dog belongs to
me, that dog is mine.

ya cul wi’ caki’i, these dogs belong
to me, these dogs are mine.

yuk’hi’ti mon coxki‘ti cake’at, the
Indians had many chiefs.

wen khallap-hake [uén-khallap hac-
qué], I would have a_ horse
(‘‘j’aurais”’) (E. D.).

64

wen komb (uén comb), I have a horse
(E. D.).
wen komb-hake’ (uén comb hacqué),
J had a horse (E. D.).
-ke, ki, in, to put in, at.
akipa’-ike icak, a southern man,
man in the south.”’
haco kotke’ ho’p paiha/l, his pants
have holes in them behind (‘‘les
pantalons sont fendus par der-
riére’’).
ha’tke, a ring, ‘‘what is put on”’ (I).
hiki’ke icak, a western man, ‘‘a man
in the west.”
ho’lcike icak, a northern man,
man in the north.”’
hu’i hatke’, petticoat.
icak afi ket (or ke), man in the house,
or man having a house.
kat ke’e, bridle (I).
ka‘t kec 6, a rope of horsehair made
into a bridle (‘‘cabresse’’).
kaukau’kin, in the water.
ki’c cukutké’, ki’c cuka’tke, a wom-
an’s dress.
ko’dsnin ka ke’c, a bridle, ‘‘iron put
in mouth.”
lo’xki, in the prairie.
neckin, in the woods.
cakidl-hu’i hatke’, drawers.
cakiu‘Ic ké‘co, I put a letter in, I post
a letter; pl. of obj. cakkéco.
cukutké’, cuka’tke, cu’k hatke’ (I),
dress, robe.
ta’-i he’tsike, from the Mississippi
River.
to’like icak, an eastern man, ‘‘a man
from the east.”
wi kom-ho’pckin (h)atké’co, I put in
my pocket.
wo'c ke’, wo’c ha’ tke, finger ring, ‘‘on
finger,”’ or ‘‘finger in’”’ (I).
kélakua’ts, kélokwa’ts, kélakwa’ts,
bottle.
kélakuats ho’pe, the bottle is hollow.
kélakwa’ts ka’-uc, cork of a bottle.
kélakwa’'ts ka’-uc maka’ wét, the cork
has fallen down.
kélokwa’ts tso’t, many bottles stand.
kélokwa’ts tat, a bottle standing.
kem, kam, to row, to paddle.
haki’t naké’me ko, they would wish
to row (‘‘ils voudraient ramer’’).

ce

a

ce

a

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

hike’mc ko, I would wish to row (“je
voudrais ramer’’).
ké@’mc hi-a’-ucén ika’-uts’n, if I had
not known how to row he would
have drowned.
ke’-u k&’mckintu, I am paddling (or
rowing) seated.
nke’me ko, you would wish to row
(‘‘tu voudrais ramer.’’)
tu’ ké’mene (L), tu’-ké’me (D-47).
rowboat.
yuki’t ickéme ko, we would wish to
row (‘‘nous voudrions ramer’’).
kec, hair (‘‘cheveux’’), Ak. equivalent
of tée (q. v.).
kets, to break (E. D.) (cf. kfts).
kets (or kots),
icak woc ke’tsti, a left-handed man.
ke’tsti, ka’tsti, left (hand).
no’k ko’ tsti, left arm (I).
no’k cuk ko’ tsti, left elbow (1).
woc ke’ts, the left hand.
kets, kéts, lame.
icak tu’ts tanu’k ke’tsém (or ké’tsep)
man lame in one leg.
icak tu’ts tsi’k ké’tsep, a man lame
in both legs.
kétsk (A. R.), ke’ts, kéts (I), liver.
khilkau [khilcau], flying squirrel
(E. D.).
khicuc [khishoush], cedar (E. D.).
ki’ka, see!
ki‘ka ka‘tse, see how ugly he is!
(‘comme il est vilain!’’).
kilet (see hile’t).
Kile’t-kic (the name of Delilah’s
mother) (D-62).
kima’ti, middle, in the middle, inside
(‘‘milieu’’).
a’ fi kima’ti, inside the house, indoors.
an kima’tip, in the inside of their
ears (L-14).
iti kima’t, midnight.
kima’t, kimat, beans, peas, ‘“‘what is
inside. ”’
kima’t ta’l, pod of bean or pea.
kima’tkin ko’hiya’-u, I lift (a stick)
in the middle.
né‘c ta’l kima’ti, fiber bark, “‘inside
bark of tree.”’
wai kima’‘ti(p), inside of the stone
(given erroneously as ‘‘outside.’’)
wol kima’ti, eyeball.

cst
SWANTON

wo'c kima’ti, wo’c kima’tip, middle
finger.

wo'c kima’ti, palm of hand (?)

woe kima’ti hidso®’, ring finger,
“little middle finger.”’

kimi‘ii, kimi’fi, breath.

kimi‘ne, windpipe (I).

wi kimi‘fio, wi kimi’fiu, I breathe
(1).

wic kimi‘nkinto, I will breathe,

kin, to meet.

ta’-i hukina’m, the forks of a river
(including the whole length).

ta’-i hukinu’l, the rivers meet each
other, meeting place of rivers, fork
(‘‘fourche’’).

ti-u-akna’kit tu’l hukinu’l, it flows
into the lake.

wi kiné’ko, wi kinu’lo, I meet some-
body (I met somebody?).

wi cakine’ko, wi cakinu’lo, I met

them.
kifi, kin, kefi, ken (meaning of stem

unknown).

cukotki‘fiic, co’ katke’iiic, cokaki'‘itic,
blackberry.

cokake’nict, dewberry (‘‘murier des
ronces’’).

cokake’nict lil, co’katke’figic lil,

strawberry, “‘soft blackberry.”
cukotki‘fiic &’mne, or cukotki’iiic
kits-ak, blackberry brandy.
kif,
ke’-u-ki/fickinto, I am going to saw
wood sitting (by hand).
kific, a saw, to saw.
ne’c ki‘ficne, a small saw.
ne’c kific ta’me, lumber mill.
ne’c kific tame, a lumber mill, ‘‘house
for sawing and splitting wood”
(D-135).
wi ki‘ficu, I saw.
kina’l, astride.
kina’l ite’wo, I ride astride.
ki’ni, to whet, to sharpen.
kudsni’n ki‘ni, to whet a knife.
(ce) kudsni’n ki’nin4", a round whet-
stone (ce is unnecessary).
ki’ fixi, to iron.
ki/fixico o’kotka-uc, I have ironed a
shirt.
okotko’me (h)atki‘fihico, I iron many
shirts.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

65

kipa’xc, kipa’xci, across.
gipa’xci’ct pu’nso, I blow across.
(h)atkipaxci ite’wu, I ride with the
legs on one side (as women for-
merly did).
ki-ipaxcdt yul, striped horizontally,
striped across.
kipa’xci ta’-i pa’mici’ko, I ford a
river on foot (kipa’xci unnecessary
according to D).
ne’e ipa’xe (D-132), ne’cipaxc, sad-
dle, ‘‘wood across.”’
tsanu’kip hite’-u-ici‘ko (or ite’w-
i’ciko) ta’-i kipa’xci (hite’wici’ko),
I ford a river on horseback.
tinsta’l kipa’xcip pu’nso, I blow
across the paper (said to be no
word meaning ‘‘through’’(?)).
yu'l ki’-ipaxc o’t, striped horizontally
(‘‘en travers’’).
kipa’dsu, gourd (‘‘calebasse’’) (I, L).
kipa’ dso cofico’ nic, gourd rattle (I, L).
kic (L-18; D-71, 81, 120, 141, 142),
woman, female; pl. kée (L-23;
D-148); E. D. nikib [nickib], wo-
man, wife.
a’ (or ha’) ki‘c, this woman; pl. a’
ke’e.
ke’c ko’pkop, old women.
ke’c cakcoke’c yo’xt wi ca‘k’hinai, I
think that many women are sick
(‘‘je crois que plusieurs femmes
sont malades’’).

Kile’t-kic (Delilah Moss’s aunt)
(D-62).

kicé’c ke’-ucakwa lento, I sit fanning
many girls.

ki’cec no’me, little girls.

kic ha’-an, no women (I).

kic he’-u, many women (I).

ki’c (i)kunyi'ts, ki’e ickali’t (1), girl;
pl. ké’cec.

kic iku’nyuds a/npane, a deaf girl (I).

ki’c ikunyu’ds ka’-u, the corpse of a
girl (I).

kic ikunyu’ds wa’ci, old maid (1).

kic ipa’haxe (I, L), kie: hipa’haxc,
widow.

kice ipa’ke (I), kic hipa’ke, a married
woman; pl. ké’c hipa’ke.

kie i‘ckalit (L. D), ki‘ckalit, little
girl; pl. ki’cee no’me and kéc kali’t
(D).

kic ko’p, old woman (L).

66

kic ku‘i ha’xc, a mute woman (I).

ki‘ec kunyi‘ts, girl, young lady; pl.
ké’cec.

kic kunyits ke’-uwa’lento, I fan a girl.

kic ku’nyuds mi‘lc, a blind girl (I).

kie 14t, three women (I).

kic mi‘le, a blind woman (I).

Kic-m6k, Kiemo’k, ‘‘Short-woman,”’
the Indian name of Ponponne,
Louison’s mother (D-70).

ki‘c mo’kat hipa’ wé hid’l wé, a
woman who has come with her
husband and boy (‘‘une femme
qui est arrivée avec son mari et
garcon’’).

kic m6n, al! women (1).

ki’e na’-u, a woman’s moccasins (1).

kie no’me he’-uc, a woman, who has
many children.

ki’e no’me ke’-at iti ilu’, this woman
had a child last year.

ki’e *nto‘lén na’xkan ti’cén, if you
are a smart woman you will not go
(or you would not go).

ki’e coxko’ts, a tailoress.

kic cukutké, woman’s dress, gown (1).

kie ts@fi, a proud woman; pl. ki‘c
tsé@ itséfi.

kic tsik, two women (I).

kic ta™, another woman (1).

kic ta’nuk, one woman (I).

kic te’m yuk’hi'ti ko’-into, she spoke
Atakapa yesterday.

ki‘e to’l, a good woman.

Ki‘c-tot, the Indian name of a daugh-
ter of Louison Huntington.

kie yilén yuk’hi'ti ko’-into, she will
speak Atakapa to-morrow.

ki’c yo’n, a witch (form uncertain).

ki’c yuk’hi’ti ko’-i, she speaks Ata-
kapa.

ki’ce yu’ts, the will-o’-the-wisp, ‘‘eld-

' est woman,” also the name of
Gatschet’s informant Louison
Huntington (Note: the will-o’-the-
Wisp was supposed to call people
to it, as believed by Europeans).

Ki‘ckitsa-u, ‘‘ Dregs-woman,’’? name
of a daughter of Louison Hunt-
ington.

ki‘wile kic, a French woman.

ku’e mel kic, a negress.

no’hamce kic, a hen (I).

cuka’m kic, a female cook.

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[BULL, 108

tsanu’k kic makau’kit, the mare is
foaling (expression for all quadru-
peds).

(t)si‘dsi kic, female infant (I).

ta’-i ko’p ki’e, ‘ White-river Wom-
an,’’ the name of Delilah’s sister.

ya’ icak ya ki’e kanyi’e yilwai‘tikit,
that man is going to marry that
young woman.

ya’ kic, that woman; pl. ya’ ke’e;
dual ya’ ke’c tsik.

ya ki’e kanyiti’ec ya’ icak ut (or o’t)
yilké, that young woman marries
that man.

ya’ ki’e cokei’u tane’-uca’k iya’-i,
this woman is the stingiest of all.

ya’ ki’e tsi’kxo’ ke’at (or cakke’at),
this woman had twins.

yuk’hi‘ti kic, an Indian woman.

ha niki’il (C), ha nickib (P), his wife
(ie, .D.).
wi nikiil [ouéé nikiil] (C), ué nickib
(P), my wife (E. D.).
kica’ii,
w0'l kica’ fi, eyelid, eyelash.
wo | kica’ i né, lower eyelid (I).
wo l kica’fi o’dsi, upper eyelid (1).
kicét (L-22),
wi hickice’t, wi ickice’t, my sister
(said by a man).
wic ila’ fi wi ickice’t o’t, I am mourn-
ing for a sister.
kicil,
hickici’l, ickici’l (D-83, 91, 97), her
daughter.
wi hickici‘l, wi ickici’1, wi i’ ckicil (1),
wi ickici’] (I), my daughter.
kitsa‘k (D-145), whisky (probably
from kitsone, ‘fire,’ and ak,
“liquid’’).
a’ kitsik he u’c, this whisky is too
strong.
a kitsake he’, this whisky is strong
icak kitsik a’m hite’-u, a whisky or
brandy drinker.
kitsa’k a’mne to’l ha’, the drinking
of whisky is not good.
kitsa’k atse-e’c a’mne, the drinking
of whisky is bad (a bad thing).
kitsak he’, lager beer, ‘“‘bitter
whisky.”
kitsik ka’-u, inebriated, ‘whisky
dead”’ (D-79).

ae |
SWANTON

kitsak paihe-uc a’ mét, I made myself
drunk, “I drank too much
whisky.”’

nifi-ucip coko’-i (or co xko-i) kits-
a’k a’m-kawét, the village judge
was drunk.

cukotki’ fic a’mne (or kitsak), black-
berry brandy.

wi himaka’ wet kitsik &’mwajiyé (or
i’mwafi ya’), I fell because I was
drunk

kitsa’-u, dregs, settlings.

Kic-kitsa’-u, ‘‘Dregs-woman’’; name
of a daughter of Louison Hunting-
ton; Creole name Clara.

kitso’nc, kidso’nc, ki’dconc, ki’djonc
(A. R.), kidso’nke, fire; E. D. kam
[cam] (q. v.)

kidso’nke ipa’l, kideone hipa‘l (I),
fireplace, hearth (‘‘foyer’’), ‘‘near
the fire.”’

kidso’nkckin, in the fire (D-49).

kidsd’me, gidsome, coals, gunpowder.

kidso*’hi’ene, poker (I).

ki/dsone he’ts lau’kit, the fire is
blazing.

ki’dsone hi’tutan he’dskit, ki’dsone
i‘tan he’ dskit, the fire is increasing.

ki‘dsone mu’ksét, ki’dsone mu’ktsét,
the fire is out.

ki‘dsone po’kit, ki’dsonc po’, the fire
smokes.

kidso’ne wi ukutka’-uc ma/‘fikin
teho’p la’wat, the fire burnt a
hole through my coat.

kideo’nkekin hitu’tn& (for hitu‘ltn4),
something for me to put into the
fire, firewood.

ki/deone elu’, the fire is hot.

kideo’ne npu’nsén la’-u ka’, blowing
the fire starts it burning.

po’ kidso’nec, smoke of a fire.

-kit, plural with pronouns.

ha’ kit nuk, themselves.

na’ kit nuk, yourselves.

yu kit nuk, ourse!ves.

kitu’c, gitu’c, to spit, spittle.

wik kitu’cu (A. R.), wi gitu’cu, wi
kitu’cu, I spit.

wi gitu’c, my spittle.

ki’wile (L-3), kiwile (L-34), kiwi’le
(D-92), French, Creole, White;
also, master, boss (one used of the
master of a slave).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

67

giwi‘le yil u-ev he’ts, giwi‘le yil
hiwe’-u hets, New Year’s Day,
“oreat day of the French.”

ha kiwi‘le, he is master.

ilu’ tsik wiic ki’wile ipeo’ké*ha., I
will be a doctor in two years.

icik he’-u ki’ wile ipeo’xku’l, men who
will be doctors.

icak tanu’ kip ki’wile ipco’kat, a man
who once was a doctor.

ki’wile i‘pedk, a French doctor, a
white physician.

ki’ wile ipco’kinto, I am doctoring.

ki’wilc ké, a slave, ‘“‘he has a master”
(Ey:

ki’ wile ki’e, a French woman.

ki/wile ko’-i, the French language,
the creole language.

kiwile nf’nki ica’két, I (or he) was
born in a village of whites.

ki’wile 6/1, apple, ‘‘French persim-
mon.”

ki’wile ca’kidl,
creole.

kiwi‘le yuki’ti cako” cdl, the whites
do not like savages.

ya’c kiwile, they are Frenchmen.

ya’c kiwi‘le ha’, they are not French-
men.

ya’c kiwi‘le ula’ (or ulha’), are they
not Frenchmen?

ko, infant basket carried on back.

ko’mok (I), ko’-md6‘k, basket, ‘short
ko’’ (D-77).

ko’-mdk maf, long basket.

ko’mok ya’-u cakina’-ucne, ko’ mok
ya’-u cak’ha‘ne, ko’mok i-a’u ca-
kina’uene (I), ko’mok i-a’u cak’-
ha‘ne (I), fish basket, ‘“‘basket to
put fish into.”

wi’ coxko’-ikit, wi. coxko’-i, I make
baskets.

wi’ ko’mok ka’-u, I make a basket.

wi’ ko’mok caka’-u, I make baskets.

coxko’-i, basket, also to make baskets.

ko, to wish, to want, to desire.

a'l nko’xca, do you want meat?

ha tal ko’at, he wanted his skin.

haki’t nake’me ko, they would wish
to row (“ils voudraient ramer’’).

hike’me ko, I would wish to row
(“je voudrais ramer’’).

hiko’xca, I don’t want it.

hiki’ nko’xca, do you want soup?

a Frenchman, a

68

hiku’tik ikako’, I wish to go to make
soup (‘‘je voudrais aller faire du
bouillon’’).

hiku’ (ti-u) ickako’, we want to make
soup.

hin cokia’x koxe haxe, don’t you
want to eat?

hin cokia’x ko’ xca, do you want to
eat?

hickokia’x koxea’, I don’t want to
eat.

hicokia’xe koxe, I want to eat.

icak iko ko™ulet, ha‘kit icak ko»’-
ulet, they had a man arrested (or
seized) (iko=wanted him; also
sig. coming down).

icko’ or icko’xc, we desire, we want.

la’‘ns al nko’xea, do you want deer
meat?

nima’ ko’xe a’-uculat, they could not
kill him, they wanted to kill him
but could not.

nima‘n kd’xca’hulet (?), they did not
wish to kill him.

nkeme ko, thou wouldst wish to row
(‘tu voudrais ramer’’).

tane’-u cakina’-uc ko’xca‘hulat, they
would not admit others (D-—117).

tik’hu’ ko’hat, she wanted to go to
see (D-105).

tic ko’hat, she wanted to go (D-110).

wa’ cakpa’mkox, going at them
desiring to beat them (D-—79).

wi it’a’ ku, I want to get out; pl. of
subj. nta’-u.

wi nu’fi o’t (or u't) pa’i hiti’e(t) ko,
I want to return home (‘‘to my
village’’).

yuki't ickeme ko, we would wish to
row (‘‘nous voudrions ramer”’).

yuki’t iccukia’-iko, we want some-
thing to eat.

yuki't cukia’ icko’, we want to eat.

kohits, to sink (cf. tanko’hi).

_kakau’ ko‘hets, kakau’ ko‘hits (I),
sunset, ‘‘the sun is going down.’

kakau’ ko’hudsit, the sun sets.

kakaw’ k6’tskitn (or ko’ hitskin), after
sundown.

pem kaukau’ hu’‘i ko’hitsat, a gun
sinks in the water (I).

tu kaukau’ hu‘i ko‘hits, the boat
sinks under the water.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

1
;

[BULL. 108

:
}

wai’ kaukau’ hu‘i kohitsit, a stone

sinks in the water (I).

ko-i, ku-i, throat, esophagus, word,

speech, language; E. D. kdii, to
speak (see below); Ak. koé [coé],
neck.

ha’ ko’-ita’ o’kat, he comes for talking.

hica’k ko’-ika, one who has con-
sumption; also mumps.

icak ku’‘ihaxc, a mute man.

ka’‘tkoc ko’-ikit, the eagle is scream-
ing (I).

kic ku’i ha’xc, a mute woman (I).

kie te’m yuk’hi'ti ko’-iat, she spoke
Atakapa yesterday.

kie yi/lén yuk’hi‘ti ko’-into, she will

speak Atakapa to-morrow.

kie yuk’hi'ti ko’-i, she speaks Atak-
apa.

ke’-uko’-ikinto, I speak sitting.

ki’ wile ko’-i, the French language.

ko’-i hatseme’c wa’ fi-cakwa’ntskit,
he slanders.

ko’-i hatwicka’x két, ko’-i hatwicka’xe
két, an individual talking too
much, one who forgets that he sits
down from talking.

ko’-i hite’-u, a big talker.

ko’-i hiwe’-u a” la’wét, the church ©

burnt down, ‘‘the powerful-talk-
ing-house burnt down.”

ko’-i hiwe’-u ko-ine’, prayer beads
(I).

ko’-i ma‘k, Adam’s apple, “‘lump in
throat’; E. D. ko-i-wak [co-iuac]
(P), coyouac (C), given as “‘neck.”’

ko’-i yulc, written word, speech, dis-
course.

ko’-ikin (h)atmolmo’lhico, I am
gargling (ko’-ikin, in the throat).

koyi‘u (D-55), kuyi’u (I), a bad
cold.

koyi’u cakio’fic, koyi’u cakio’ne (I),
whooping cough (‘‘coqueluche’’).

nép ke-uko’-ikinto, I speak low while
sitting.

noha’me ko’-ikit, the rooster crows
(I).

o’dse ko’-ikinto, I speak loud while
sitting.

caka’-u ko’-i u’xts, those who know
how to speak the language of the
dead (‘‘ceux qui savent parler la

GATSCHET
SWANTON

langue des morts’’), or of white
people.

ta-uko’-ikit, or ta’-ucokcokwa’nkit,
he preaches (‘‘il préche’’), ‘‘he
speaks standing’’; pl. ta-ucok’ko’-
ikit.

te’ nako’-i, you have to speak! get
up to speak!

ti‘u-ko’-ikinto, I speak while lying
(in bed, ete.).

tots-koi-he’-u, a mocking bird, ‘‘a
bird that talks a lot”; E. D. takis-
koi-heu.

wi hi’koihd’pekit, I cough.

yuk’hi'ti ko’-i, the Atakapa language
or talk.

coko’-i (L-10), coxko’-i (D-10, 54),
chief, judge (from cok + ko-i)
(see iti).

ha (or ha-ie or hic (L)) co’ko-i, he is
chief.

ha’ coko’-ins, while he is chief.

ha’ coku’yet, he was (or has been)
chief.

ha’kit co’koi, or ca’kcokoi (L), they
are chiefs.

ha’kit coko’-i-yuléhé, while they are
chiefs.

ha’kit coko’yét, they were (or have
been) chiefs.

hicoxko’-ikinto, I am chief, ‘I am
the speaker” (D).

icd&k ha’ icoxko’-inhé, a man who will
be chief (D).

icik he’u coko’-iyuléhé, men who will
be chiefs.

icak coko’-ins, aman who will be chief.

icik coko’yet (or -yat (L)) tanu’kip,
a man who has once been chief.

John co’xko-i pa’m nema’-at, John
beat the chief and then killed him
PD):

Lo’ coko’-iyit, Lo was chief (L-11).

Lo coko’-iyit ha’l, Lo was the last of
the chiefs, or Lo the last of the
chiefs (L-11).

Lo’ yuki'ti ha’l coxko’yit, Lo was the
last Indian chief (D-28).

na (or na-ic or nac) &nco’koi, thou
art a chief.

na éncoko’yet, thou wast (or hast
been) chief.

na ncoko’-ins, while you are chief.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 69

na‘kit nakeoko’-in, while you (pl.)
are chiefs.

na’kit (or na’‘kit-ic) co’koi, you two
are chiefs.

na‘ kit coko’yét, you were (or have
been) chiefs.

nifi-u’cip coko’-i (or co’xko-i) kitsa’k
i’mkawét, the village judge was
drunk.

co’ ko-i a®’, courthouse.

co’xko-i hat’ti’dsulat, they went to
law with him.

coxko’yat, he was the chief (D-—93).

coxko’yulat, they are all chiefs.

wi hicoko’-ins (or -inco) ilu’ nit, five
years while I am chief.

wi hicoxko’ito ilu’ ni‘t, I shall be
chief for five years.

wi (h)icoko’yet, I was (or have been)
chief.

wi coko’-in, be my chief! (‘‘sois mon
chef!’’).

wi coxko’-ine, he is to be my chief.

wi iti wa‘nkinto, I am chief, I
govern, “I go before.”

wic hico’koi, wi hico’koi, I am chief.

yu kit icoko’-in, while we are chiefs.

yuki't tsi’k co’ko-i, we two are chiefs.

ywhi'ti coxko’-in, being chief of the
Indians (D-—1382).

yuki'ti coko’yét, we were chiefs.

yukitic ca’kcokoi, yuki’ti coko’-i, we
are chiefs.

kok, kuk, to bend, crooked; E. D.

kokg or kocg, to bend (cf. ké6c,
pon, tixt).

icak tu’ts kako’k, a bow-legged man
(I).

koko’kic, koko’kict, a hook, a fish-
hook.

koko’kic-o, kokokxie(t)-o, a fishline,
“‘fishhook string.”

koko’kic-o-ik, by means of a fishline
(D-50).

né’c ko’k, a crooked stick, bent wood.

tu’ts hatko’kico, I bend the leg.

wi ko’kic, or wi’ ko’ko, I bend.

ko(]),

kuiyatko’l, kuyak’ho’ (D-67), kuiat-
kot (L), sausage, ‘‘entrails filled
up.”

kuiyatko’l lat ha‘l cuki‘fi, three
sausages and a half (D).

=~

kuiyatko’l cuki‘fi, half a sausage (D).

70

cokhatko’lo, I stuff (L).
wi tsa’fic ko’le, I shove into (D).
kol, to rub.
kola’ wi, kolila’ wi, kolila’ wind, a match.
te’yux kolilawind, te’yux kolilaka’-
und, match box.
we nuk hatkolkd’kco (or atkolko’lco),
I rub myself.
wi wo c hatkolkd’le(o), [rub my hands.
woc hatkolkd’kco, wo’c atkolko’l-
c(o), I rub the hands.
k6l (cf. wal),
yu'l kolko’l, an undulating or wavy
line.
kom (I), ko’mkom, belly; E. D. tat.
ko’m héc, kumhe’c, ku’mhe, colic,
diarrhea, ‘‘sick belly.”’
ko’m kamka’m, belly fin(s).
kumhe’c ha’tse-ec, colic is a bad
thing.
wi ko’mep ti‘hio, I lie on the belly.
kom, to hang (‘‘kome seems a verbal
of active signification”’).
a’n hatko’me, earring (D-128).
ha’ u’tskin hatko’me, he has a ring in
his nose, he has a nose ring.
hati‘t tiko’mc, apron, ‘‘hanging in
front” (?) (I).
hatko’mco, I hang myself up.
icak he’-u cak’ko’mec, many men hung
up.
icak kul ko’me, a man hung up (kul,
already, now).
ica’k ko’mulet, they hung a man.
komhd’pe, ko’m_ ho’pe, _ pocket,
“hanging hollow” (?).
ko’mcka’-u, I make somebody hang
up; pl. of obj. ca’kko’mcka’-u.
ko"ko’mico, I take and relax a cord
(or rope).
okotka’-uc ma’fi ko’m-tat, an over-
coat hung up, an overcoat hanging
up (lit. ‘‘standing erect’’).
cixt (or cit) ko’mhic wi co’iiico, I ring
the bell.
ci’xtko’mhic (I), citko’mhie (co’i-
icat), the bell (has rung), ‘‘pot
hanging.”
cicakna’-uca ko’me ha’xe, I don’t let
(them) hang up.
citko’mhic co’ fiictat, the bell rang (1).
citko’mhic wi co’nico, I rang the
bell (1).
co’k nke’a na komho’pcki, what have
you in your pocket?

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 108

tu’ ts ko’m-4l, calf of leg, ‘‘ flesh hang-
ing on leg”’ (?).
utskin ha’‘tkome, nose ring (1).
wi kom-ho’pckin (h)atké’co, I put in
my pocket.
wi 0’ ko*ko’mico, I relax a rope, I
relax a cord (I).
wi okotka’-uc ma’fi ko’mna-u, I hang
up an overcoat; pl. of obj. cak-
komna/-u.
wic cixko’mic co fico, I ring a bell.
kom,
ca’ kiko’m, I am going to fish.
cakiko’mo, I am fishing.
cakiko’mta o’ko, cakiko’m (or caki-
ko’mne) o’ko, I come for fishing.
cokiko’m, I fish.
tai’ kin cakiko’m, I fish in the river.
kome, komi, thick; by der. under-
brush, brushwood (cf. kofi).
a‘le ko’me, thick ice.
ha’-u ko’me, big snowfall (also big
frost (?)).
ha’-u kémekit, there is a big fall of
snow.
icik ko’mi, a stout man, a thick-set
man; pl. i‘cak ko’mkomi.
iha’ns ka’-u ko’mi, the cloud is
heavy or thick.
kaukauw’ ko’mi, the rain is heavy.
adlect kombnst [adlesht combnst],
the snow is heavy (E. D.).
adlect lagn kombnst [adlesht lagn
combnst], the ice is thick (EK. D.).
kaukau’ kombnst [caiical combnst],
the rain is heavy (E. D.).
lagg kombnst [lagg combnst], the
cloud is thick (or heavy) (E. D.).
ci-komb(n)st [shy combnst], fog,
‘heavy smoke”’ (E. D.).
wic kumak [ouish coumak}, fist (E. D.).
wonn kombnst [uénn combnst (P),
ou-oun combnst (C)], the dew is
heavy, strong (E. D.).
kon, (I) kon, kén (A. R.), gar. garfish,
Creole poisson armé.
kon, ko", to take, to seize, to arrest
(sing.; pl. yal.).
ha’kit icak ko*’ulet, they arrested
the man.
i’cik iko ko™ulet, they had a man
arrested (or seized) while coming
down (iko may mean coming down,
wanted him, or be intended for
ko®, a duplication of the stem).

GATSCH dl
SWANTON

icak ko” uxts cokcaktsific, they can
catch the thieves (D-61).

icak cako™’, sheriff, policeman, ‘‘man
taker,’ also icik cako’fine, the
constable (D—147).

kima’tkin ko® hiya’-u, I take and
lift in the middle.

kon, take it! catch it!

ko” hipa’mulét, I was seized and
beaten.

ko"ko’mico, I take and relax (a cord
or rope).

konkonpetina‘ha, you gain nothing
by doing that (this is the Hiyekiti
or Eastern Atakapa equivalent of
to’ taihaxe or tu’taihaxc; it does not
belong certainly under this head;
the Opelousa may have spoken the
same dialect).

ko’finto, you (pl.) will catch it.

ko"pa’-ico, I draw out, I pull out.

ko’txe’mo, I tear (‘‘je déchire’’);
pl. ko"te’mtemo.

lonlofici kone, lightning rod, ‘‘thun-
der catcher.”

né ko, I have taken. the earth
(‘‘j’ai pris la terre’’).

né mo” ko, I have taken the whole
earth (‘‘j’ai pris toute la terre’’).

né mon yalpe’hiulét, they have taken
the earth (‘‘ils ont pris la terre’’).

nec na tanu’k ko" iya’-u, you take
and lift a stick at one end.

o’ ko® ma‘nico, I take and stretch a
cord (‘‘je l’ai élongé’’).

okotka’-uc ko™ ina’-u, tsa’xk, take
back a shirt (for) itis dry! (‘‘rentre
une chemise, elle est séche!’’).

cako™hulat, they caught them (or
have them).

cakyile hiko*’at, I received a letter.

ciwa’n anpake ko’nkit, the cat
catches the mouse.

co’ k’konpa’ yo, I turn over something
(pl. of obj.?)

wi hite’t hiko® hipa’mét, I was
seized and beaten by my father.

wi ko’kica, I take away (‘‘j’ote
quelqu’chose’’).

wi ko’n hipo’nico, I take and fold it,
I bend over, I bend (‘‘plier’’)).

wi ko” na’-u, I make (a bottle)
stand, I grasp and place upright
aie

DICTIONARY OF THE

71

ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

wi ko» pa’‘to, wi ko® pa’lo, I have
taken and broken it (‘‘je l’ai pris
et cassé’’).

wi ko’fi cdl, I shove out (I take and
rub?).

wi’ né hiko’kicat, he has taken my
land from me.

wi o’ ko” ko’mico, I relax a rope
(or eord) (1).

wi 0’ ko” ma‘fico, I stretch a cord
(1).

wi wa’-i konpa’wicat, I took and
swung a stone (as a pendulum)
(I).

ya’ okotka’-uc ko’n-ina’-u, bring that
shirt inside! (1).

ya tansta’l kontte’mo, I have torn
this paper (‘‘ce papier est déchiré’’)

kon, to strike (as lightning).

lo’‘floie a® kénd (or ko’nkét or
ko’nkit, or ko’fiét or ko»’ét), the
lightning (lit. thunder) struck the
house.

lo’flofic ne’e kd’Het (or ko’nkit), the
lightning (lit. the thunder) struck
the tree (D, A. R.).

kofi, kG", heavy (cf. kome).

hitso’n kco k6»’, small but heavy.

k6" ha’, light, ‘‘not heavy.”

ko” nako»’, ko" nak ko™, heavy to

lift, very heavy, ‘‘heavy and
heavy.”

ko" nee, k6’fi ne’c, hackberry, “heavy
wood.”

Konac, name of an Atakapa man.
kone’ (A. R.), Kane, kana’n (L-5),
kané‘n, turtle.
kane hika’t, flippers of turtle.
ka’ne itsa’-i, fried turtle.
kani’n ta’l, shell of turtle.
koné’n, ko’nen, kona‘n, potato.
enkilic koni’n, enkilic kon&’, Irish
potato, ‘‘ English potato.”
ko’n&i2 a’yip, ko’nen a‘yip (L-8),
a’yip kun’ (D-48), wild potato,
“potato in the marsh.”
ko’nin 06/1, ko’n& 6/1, sweetpotato;
pl. ko’nin O/Jol, kon&’/n old’l
(L-4).
yok’hi’ti koni’n, yuki’ti konin, In-
dian potato, ‘‘marsh potato.”’
ko"p, stomach.
na ko"p, your stomach.

72

kop, white; E. D. kobb [cobb]; pl.

ko’pkop, many white things, white
in different places.

aku’p, flour (I).

aki’p ct’kwak (probably should be
hatko’p cukwa‘k), wheat bread,
“‘meal bread,” ‘‘white powder
bread.”

a’fi cako’picne, white paint.

ac tat kop, light yellow, ‘‘yellow
white,” light green (ac, that).

hatko’pico, I paint myself white.

ha’-u ko’p, frost is white; E. D. hau
kobb.

it atko’picne, white face-paint (I).

kic ko’p, old woman, “‘ white (haired)
old woman”’; pl. kic ko’pkop.

ko’p ha’‘u, white frost.

ko’p nak ko’p, very white.

kop uc’ha’, not very white,
not so true”’ (gray?).

lakla’ke ko’pik ka’, made of silver
(D-133, 134).

na’-u_ koko’p,
white or not).

na’-u koko’p hatka’yicne, garter.

na’-u koko’p yulyu’'l, striped stock-

‘‘white

stockings (whether

ings.

noha’me kw’ ko’p, ku’ ko’p (I), white
of egg.

No’lkop, one of Louison’s boys,
perhaps sig. ‘“‘White Bank” (see
nol).

o’ka ko’p, white cloth.

cakatko’peén, and they painted

themselves white (L-24).

ca’ k’hatko’pict, white powder (it is?)
for face paint.

cakio’l na-u koko’p, man’s stockings,
socks.

tsa’ fico ako’p, I knead flour (“‘ pétrir”’).

tso’-ots a‘kop, cornmeal (1).

Ta-i ko’p ki‘c, ‘“ White-river
Woman,” the name of Delilah’s
sister.

talko’p kop, light blue, ‘‘ blue white.”

talko’p na’k talkop, dark blue.

to ku’p ina‘ha, sort of whitish, half
white and half gray.

k6c, ko’c, angle, corner, bay, inlet,
bend (cf. kok, pon, tixt).

a’nkoe, corner or angle (of house).

k0’ckin, in the bay or inlet.

ta’-i ko’c, bend of a river (referring
to the water).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

kG’ tsk(o),
ai kd’tsk (A. R.), ai kd’tské (L), a
marsh, a small pond, given once as

a gulley.
keo, although, though, but (“‘quand
méme’’).
he’ (k)co to’lha, strong but not good
(wine).

he’ts kco tla’-u, big but light.

hicokéc keo’ yi‘ lkit m6n (or yi‘l min)
ti‘co, though I am sick I go out
every day.

hitso’n keo k6»’, small but heavy.

mile keo’ yi'lmafi coka’xkit, though
he is blind he works all day.

ku, egg; E. D. kiu [kiou], hii.

ku’ tat, yolk of egg (1), ‘“‘egg yellow.”

noha’me ku, no’hame ku’ (1), hen’s
egg.

no’ hame ku’ hina’k, egg-shaped.

noha’me kw’ ilu’e, a boiled eae (‘‘ceuf

bouilli’’).

noha’mc ku itsa’-i, fried eggs, ome-
let.

noha’me ku ko’p, ku’ ko’p (1), white
of egg.

noha’‘me ku ta/l, no‘hame ku’ ta’l
(I), shell of egg, eggshell.

noha’me ku tat, ku’ tat (I), yolk of
egg, ‘‘yellow of egg.”

noha’ mc kw‘at, the hen is laying eggs.

noha’me kuw’-ulat, hens laid eggs.

noha’me caku‘at, hens lay eggs.

ku‘i, bowels, guts.

kuiyatko’l, kuiatkot, kuyak’ho’
(D-67), sausage, ‘‘entrails filled
up,”’ stuffed.

kuiyatko’l lat ha’l cuki‘i,
sausages and a half.

kuiyatko’l cuki’ii, half a sausage.

k-i, ggii’-i (L-8), cactus pears, prickly
pears.

Ku’-i, Ggt’-i, Bayou des Gayes
(about 10 m. from Lake Charles by
water, between the latter place and
Mr. Keyo’s toward the southwest).

kfil, kol, to swallow.

ki‘leu, kd’Icu, I swallow.

cukte’-i kf’leu, I swallow(ed) medi-
cine.

kul, now, already (‘‘deja’’), again, a
second time.

i‘cak ku’Itan ka’-u, a man dead a long
time.

kul iko’nkeat, he has now fastened

three

GATSCHET
SWANTON

ku’lic, again, a second time.

kul ka’, kul ka’n, already made.

ku'lke, always (I).

ku‘lIke hoktewe’ to’xnts6l, we have
always been together (D separates
tox from nts6] and queries ku’lke).

ku’l(tan), a long time, long.

ku’ltan ka’-ulat, it was done long ago

(D-85).

ku/ltan ok-ti’cat, a long time has
passed.

ku'ltan ya’e, it is a long time ago, it
is long.

cul ku’lic hiwewe’veit, the dog
barked at me again.
wie ku’l cokia’ku wi hite’t ini’hat
afikin (or ini‘kit a’fiut), I had
eaten when my father entered the
house (‘‘j’avais mangé quand mon
pére est entré dans la maison’’).
kfilca’ (abb. to kuca), grandfather
(maternal and paternal), also
grandson, perhaps.
wi kulca’, wi kuca’, my grandfather
(D-93, 99).
ku’‘le-walc, peanuts (L-9).
kiic, all or very (see kucnak).
ku’c mel, negro (mel, black); pl. ku’e
melmé’] (D-141).
kucme’lik nim4‘at, a negro has killed
him (‘‘un négre l’a tué’’).
kucmél tuka’-u, monkey, ‘“‘resem-
bling a negro”’ (probably).
ku’c mel kic, negress.
ku’e mel kicpo’p, negress (according
to Teet Verdine).
ktc,
hiki’ckoct haxc! hiko’ckost ha’xc!
don’t bother me!
kua’cnak, kucnak, side, hip, flanks.
ku’enak caklo’pene, spurs.
kucna’‘két to’pict, spurs (“‘ca pique
dans les flanes’’).
tsi’k kuena’k, both sides.
wi ku’enak caklo’pco, I prick the
flanks.
kfits, kuts, kots, kits, to cut, a cut;
E. D. kets, to break.
ha ku’tsnin ke, he has a knife.
icak coxko’ts, or cak’kd'ts, a tailor, a

cutter.

katsiko’p (kutsikop(?)), scissors (cf.
kats). I

kato’ ko’tsk, harelip person, ‘‘cut
lip” (1).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 73

ke-uko’tskinto, I cut into while
sitting.

ki’e coxko’ts, a tailoress.

ko’tsic, cut into.

ko’tsico, I cut off a piece.

ko’dsnin kat ke’c, bridle, “‘iron put
in mouth.”

kotsni/nik ko’tso, I cut with a knife.

ko’tso, I cut with.

kd‘ tspon-nt’ha’ ni", ko’tsispo™ ita’ n&
kotspon-nt xa’ni", kots icpo’n
eti’na, chimney, ‘‘hole cut for the
smoke to go out.”’

ko’tstole, kotsto’le, round, disk
shaped, square but with the corners
cut off. (Armojean did not re-
member this form.)

kutsni’n (D-128), ku’tsni= (D,
ku’dsni" (I), kutsn, kodsnain,
kodsni", iron, knife; Ak. kosm
(cosme, ‘‘iron which cuts’’)

kutsni’n (or ko’dsn&*) icdt caklacni,
‘knife for shaving the head,’
scalping knife (?).

ktts’n i’col, iron nail.

kdts’n tat i’cdl, brass nail.

kudsnii’n ha’l, back of knife.

kutsni’n hike’, I have a knife.

ku’tsnin ka, ‘‘making a_ knife,”
scissors.

kudsni’n ki’ni, to whet a knife.

kudsni’n ox, sharp’ knife; pl.
kudsnii’n 0’ xox.

kudsni’n ci’xt, iron kettle.

ku‘tsnin ta’t, copper, brass, ‘yellow
irons (ls

ku’dsnin ti‘’k icat, iron arrowhead
(1).

kudsni’n td’k, a dull knife; pl.
kudsnii’n to’ktok.

kutsni’n tu’ik ka, cane knife, ‘‘knife
made of cane.”

kudsni’n u'ts, point of knife.

ku’ts-pa’kico ne’c, I chop the tree
down.

nec he’-u ko’tso, I cut a lot of wood.

ne‘e hidso’m ke’-ucaku’dskit (or
ke-ucaku’dskit), I whittle off from
a stick.

ne’c ké’ts, stump (I).

ne’c ko’tso, I cut wood.

nickéts, to cut wood, cut wood.

ce’ kudsni’n~§= ki‘nind=, kudsni™’
ki‘nindi", a round whetstone
(‘‘meule’’).

74

coki’n kén ko‘tsico, I cut across.

tsu’m hikots, to pinch and turn the
skin, to pinch a piece out (D).

té’c hatko’tsnto, I crop my hair.

wai’ ku’dsni*, a stone kinfe (I).

wi hima’mo kudsn&/nik, I stab with
a knife.

wi ko’tsa, I am cutting.

wi kutsne’n atsi’l, my knife is rusty.

wi né'c kd’tso, I cut (or chop) wood;
freq. kotsko’tso.

wi nec kutsnihik ta’mco, I split
with a knife.

wic kuts-pa’kico, I chop the tree down.

yu kotsito’lic, checkered, having
squares.

kuts, red (all kinds, including the

color of Indians; pl. ku’tskuts; E.
D. ofg; Ak. kus (see lak).

atsi’l ku’ts, the rust is red.

hatku’dsico, I paint myself red.

ica’k ku’tskuts, Indians.

Kaukau’ kuts, kau’kau kuts (I),
“red water,’ red wine, claret; in
one place given as “live coals”
(“‘tisons de feu’’).

kaukau’ ku’ts a’‘mka-u, wine drunk.

ku’ts ina’ha, pink.

ku’ts nak ku’ts, dark red.

ku’ts oki’-ya’-u, red flag, ‘‘red cloth
hoisted ”’ (I).

kuts uc’ha’, light red.

ku’tska yiltat, light shines red.

ku’dskat, still red.

la‘klake ku’ts, copper color, gold,
“red money or silver.”

nec kuts, red oak, ‘‘red tree.’’

*n’o’ kuts, vermilion (n’oh, red powder).

o’ke Al atku’tsicne, red paint for
cheeks.

cu ku’tskuts, red pepper, ‘‘red seed.”

ta’-i ku’ts, Red River.

ta’-i ku‘ds ti’cto, I go to Red River.

kits,

ta’nuk te’puk ku’tskuts, one plum,
one prune.

te’‘puk ku’tskuts, tepu’k ku’tskuts,
plum, prune (L-3).

tepu’k ku’tskuts ne’kin, plum season.

kut [kout], this, that, this thing (E. P)<)

khattebmn (P), khatlebmn (C), yes-
terday, this yesterday (E. D.).

lak, glittering; by der. sun; E. D. nagg,

naagg (according to one version of
E. D. sky =lakg [lacg]).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 103

la‘k ilu’, the sun is hot; E. D. naagg-
alliuu.

la‘klake, lakla’ke, silver, silver coin,
money (D-129); E. D. laklaggst,

lakla’‘ke ko’pik ka’, made of silver
(D-133, 134).

la‘klake ku’ts, gold, copper, ‘‘red
coin”; K. D. lakilaggstat (P), laki-
baagstat (C), “yellow money,’
gold, copper.

la‘klake nit, lakla‘ke nit (I), five
dollars.

la’klake-tat, gold color, “silver yellow.”

la‘klake to’l hi-i’kicat, he has paid
me good money (“il m’a payé
argent comptant (or bon)’’).

lakla’ke tsa‘nu, I hide money.

lakla’xe hatna’ nke’a, how much
money have you?

tantsta’] lakla’ke, paper money.

te’xlk la’k, sunflower.

te’xlk la’k ne’c, sunflower stalk.

lag tole, tag tote flacq tolch, tage
totch], the sky is clear (E. D.).

lag kombnst, tag kombnst [lage
combnst], the cloud is heavy, the
cloud is thick (E. D.).

lag tci, tag tei [tagg tchy], cloud(E. D.).

klok-kus [clocq cous], the Ak. word
meaning ‘‘vermilion’’ but probably
identical with the W. Atakapa
word for “‘gold’”’ and ‘‘copper’’
except that the first syllable is not
doubled.

lak, la’-ak, pl. la’klak (lak, strong; lak,

glittering), strong, robust, hard,
also quick; E. D.l’allets (C), pallets,
strong, tann (P), tam lagn (P), hard
(cf, li.)s

a™ lak, prison, jail, ‘‘strong house.”’

arla’k pa‘ti yanta’-ulét a*lak pa’lhi
ya’ nta’-ulat, they have broken jail
and gotten out (‘‘ils ont cassé la
prison et l’ont sorti’’).

a™lak ya’-u, sheriff, ‘‘jail keeper.”

a‘fila’kin, in the jail (D-148, 150).

atka’t la’kiento, I lock the house
door (‘‘je barre la maison”’).

a’nkat la’kict, a*’ kat la’kic, lock the
door!

a”'la’kicne, lock (‘‘barre-maison”),
and key (I).

hatla’ki, I strain myself.

SWANTON

eens |

hatla’kinto, strain yourself! (lakinto
does not occur by itself).

hiko’nke la’kie(t), a knot (‘‘noeud’’).

hi’ 14k, 14k hi’ the wind blows hard, a
hurricane, a storm wind.

hi’ 14k uca’, the wind blows hard.

iko»’la’kic, help me fasten!

it’ha’ns ka’-u 14’k, the clouds go fast,
the clouds drift rapidly; the fast-
fiying clouds.

Jack a®la’kin inho’lcilat a’mip, on
account of drinking Jack was put in
jail.

lage, ripe (I).

la’k tsa’nto, or lak wa‘fito, I will
walk fast.

1a’k timto, go quick ye!

1a’k ti’ci, go quick!

tsanu’ke la’-ak iti tsait cu’lut iye’
lak, the horse is going ahead of the
dog.

tso’-ots l&’ge, the corn is ripe (lit.
“hard’’), ripe corn.

wi a®la’kin inu’leo (er inhu’lco), I
put (somebody) in jail.

wi nta’ku(?) a™ lak it’hi, I got out of
the prison in the evening (‘‘je suis
sorti de le prison le soir’’).

wi te’fis a*la’kin ita’hu, I left the
prison in the evening:

wi wo’c lakla’k ina’ha, my hands are
as if stiff.

ya’ tsi’k o’t cakiye’ lak, he is the
stronger of the two.

ya’-u la’klak, yao’ la’klak (L-6),
gaspergou, a bass, ‘‘fish with hard
flesh.”

wi hilak (D), wie ilak, I am strong.

na nlak (2d pers.); ha lak (3d pers.).

yuki'tic la’klak (1st pl.).

naki‘ti nakla’klak (2d pl.).

ha’kiti la’klak (8d pl.).

wi hila’kat, I have been strong.

na nla‘kat (2d pers.); ha’ la’kat (3d
pers.).

yu’kitic lakla’kat (1st pers. pl.).

na‘kiti naklakla’kat (2d pers. pl.).

ha‘kiti lakla’kat (8d pers. pl.).

wic (h)ila’k’n, when I shall be stout.

wic hilakti’kit, I shall be strong.

na nla‘k’n (2d pers.), ha lak’n (3d
pers.).

yukiti iclakla’k’n (1st pers. pl.).

66784—32—6

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 75

naki't na’klaklak! (2d pers. pl.).

ha’kiti la’klak (3d pers. pl.).

icak la’kat, a man who was strong,
or stout.

icak 14k’n, when a man will be
strong.

na na‘c la‘k! be strong! nakla’klak
(pl.).

lak,

ic&’k co’klak, a poor man.

ya’ ica’k co’klake, that man is poor.

ya icai’k cokla’kcat, that man was
poor.

ya’ ica’k cokla‘kctikit, that man will
be poor.

lam, to burn, to shine, to dazzle, to

smart (see lak, la-u).

hilam, to burn, to smart, to give
pain (cf. wai).

lamla’mec, dazzling, shining, any-
thing of metallic shine; E. D.
lamlampst, dazzling.

cakla’me, ca’klame, ca’kla’me, leech,
“making them smart’’(?).

cakla’mec p’o’sk cok’hita’-uckit, the
leech sucks the blood out.

cakla’me to’tskit, the leech is suck-
ing.

tamhe’-uc hila’m, venomous spider
(‘‘araignée venimeuse’’), tarantula.

iggl lamlampst (P), igg’lamlampst
(C), the light is dazzling (E. D.).

lans, lance (I). deer; E. D. itstanst

(probably itslanst).

hd’pene la‘ns ti‘l hu’i, the awl is
under the buckskin (I).

hd’pene la‘ns ti’l hu’itikit, the awl
will be under the buckskin (1).

hd’ pene la‘ns ti‘] hu’yat, the awl was.
under the buckskin (1).

la’ns 4'1, deer meat, venison (L-5).

la’ns al nko’xca, do you want deer
meat?

la‘ns til, buckskin (I).

lac, to shave.

eku’n (or ai’kun) hatlacxa’fico, I
finish (or quit) shaving myself.

eku’n (or eikun) e’-uhatla’cnto, I
begin shaving myself.

ha’ ic&t-la’c, he is a scalped man, not.
having a scalp (?).

icak icat lac, scalp, ‘‘shaved head.”’

icak tanu’k ke-ula’cnto, I shave
another.

76

katna’-u hatla’cne, katna’-u hatla’eni&
(I), razor, ‘‘beard shaver.”

kodsnin icat cakla’end, scalping
knife (?), ‘knife for shaving the
head.”’

14’ cén, lackin, to skin (a beast) (A. R.).

coko’m 1a’co, I skin a cow.

wi hatla’cnto, I shave myself.

wi 1a’co, I skin.

lat (L-18; D—59, 80, 99, 148), three;

E. D. latt (P), laatt (C).

hal 1at, third (‘‘could be used but
it is not a real word’’).

kic lat, three women (1).

kuiyatko’l 1at ha’‘l cuki’ii, three sau-
sages and a half.

la'tip, thrice, three times, the third
time.

la’ tip hipo’nso, threefold.

lat sim, three apiece, three to each.

co’k u’ts lat, having three points
(may be used for ‘“‘triangular’’).

cukitu’liana’ hikad lat, a three-foot
table.

cu’'l lat, three dogs (I).

latsi’k, six ‘‘two threes’; E. D.
talst, taalst (evidently should be
latst, laatst).

latsi’ kip, six times.

latsi’kip hipo’nso, sixfold.

latsi‘ksém, six apiece, six to each.

woe pe’ haat, thirteen; E. D. halg
laatt.

wocpe’ lat, wocpe’ la’t (D—96),
thirty; E. D. heissign latt (or laatt).

wocpe’ latsi’k, sixty (D-88); E. D.
hehin laatst.

la-u, lau, to blaze, to burn, to scald

(cf. lak, lam).

a® lau’kit, the house burns.

hatla’ wat, I burnt myself.

hets lau’kit, the fire is blazing.

hila’wat, I am burnt, he burnt me.

hicla’-uc, icla’-uc, fever.

hicla’-uc ta‘t, icla’-uc ta’t, yellow
fever.

hicla’-ucat, I have had fever.

icak capi’xk cakla’wiulha‘hat, they
never burned the dead (D—140).

icla’-uc ta’ tik, of yellow fever (D-88).

icla’-uc ta’tik ka’ wat, of yellow fever
she died.

kidco’me npu‘nsén la’-u ka, blowing
the fire starts it.

kidsonc héts lau’kit, the fire is blazing.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 108

kidso’ne wi ukutka’-uc ma’‘fikin
teho’p la’wat, the fire burnt a
hole through in my coat.

ko’-i hiwe’-u a” la’ wét, the church
burnt down.

kola’wi, kolila’wi, and kolila’wina,
match.

la’wi-ulat, they burnt (the house,
etc.) (D-138).

lo’k la’-ukit, the prairie burns.

ne‘c akili’ke to’lka la’u ha’xe (or -ha),
wet wood doesn’t burn well.

ne’c he’-u lau’kit, a lot of wood is on
fire.

ne’c himam la’wit, I have burnt a
cord of wood (himam, put in a
heap).

ne’c la’ wine, firewood. (1).

oii lau’kit, the grass burns.

cokcaki’ke a’ la’wét, a shop has
burned (‘‘une boutique a brulé’’).

tsi’‘t lau’ kit, the tobacco burns.

tsuci‘fic hicla’-uc, tsoci‘fic-icla’-uc,
fever and ague, ‘‘the shakes”
(‘‘frissons’’) (I).

te’ yux kolilawina ka’bn& (or ka’-un4),
match box (ka’bn4 is not needed).

wa’-uc hiki la’wét (and _ hila’wét),
steam scalded me.

wa’-uc cu’'l la’ wét, the steam scalded
the dog.

wi a ii la’wi-o, I burn my hand.

lekke* (C), pekke’ (P), wise (E. D.).
lem, to love; E. D. cdt [shot].

hilé’me, he loves me.

icléme, he loves us.

(wic) ha iléme, I love him, or simply
iléme (i=I).

li, to grind, to soften; E. D. éll, soft,

tender (Carpenter has eell, hard,
and omits tann; evidently tann
and the words “soft”? and “‘ten-
der’”’ were overlooked by him) (cf.
il, lik).

kapi’ li‘li, to grind coffee.

kapi‘li’lind, coffee mill (‘‘moulin de
café’’),

li'l, soft.

lil nak lil, Iaklil, very soft; also
said to mean ‘‘pliant,”’ ‘‘flexible.”’

lil ya’ nec, this wood is soft.

na’-u lil, down (feathers).

né‘c lil, soft wood; pl. né’c lilil.

ne’c-koltu li‘lin’, sugar press, sugar
mill.

aaa]
SWANTON

cit-ha’fi lil, picking soft moss to
pieces (D—75).

cok ake’nict 1i’l,
strawberry.

tso’-ots li’li, cornmeal, flour, “‘ground
corn.”

tso’-ots li’link, mill for grinding corn
(‘‘moulin de mai’’).

co’ katke’nic lil,

akhilik, akeli’ke, wet, softened in
water; pl. he’-u akeli’ke.

ne’c akili’ke to’lka la’u ha‘xc, wet
wood doesn’t burn well.

tinstal ikili’kco, paper
through.

wi akili’‘kico, I wet in the water
(ilikico can not be used alone).

wi cokotka’k ikili’kic, I soak the
cloth.

yilé= akili‘kicta, I shall wet (it)
to-morrow (again).

lik, to crush, to mash (ef. li).

ha icat pa’mlike m6n, his head en-
tirely mashed by pounding (L-9).

li‘keu, I crush (by hand), as fruits,
etc.

soaked

lik,
wi okotka’-uc-ma’fi li‘ke, my coat is
used up or worn out.

lik,
co’ klike, contented, satisfied, pleased,
rejoicing.
ckaleggst [shkaleggst], joy, enjoy-
ment (E. D.).
li‘la,

li‘la né’c, china tree.
-16, -lU, imperative suffix of the first
person plural.
mon ho’ktiwe pu’mlo, let us dance
all together!
pum ti‘ulo, let us go and dance!
tsi’pclo, let us move camp!
ti‘ulo, let us go!

Lo (L-11, 12; D-28, 29), a former
Atakapa head chief who lived on
Indian Lake (Yuk’hi’ti tul), the
later Lake Prien. Yuk’hi’ti tul
was also the name of his village.

16, lo, to help, to defend.

inlo’hi (or nlo’-i) cokia’kinto, I help
you eat.

inlo‘hi (or nlo’-i) cok(k)a’‘kinto, I
help you work.

lo’-ico, I help.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

77

loc, help.
ca kco hildcne han, I have nobody to
defend me.
coxka‘k lo’-ico icak, I help somebody
working.
wi hipa’ hilo’-icat, my husband helps
me.
wi hipa’ hilo’eat, my husband de-
fends me.
loxk, prairie; E. D. looke [looksh],
meadow, prairie.
lo’k la’-ukit, the prairie burns.
lo’xkin, lo’xki, in the prairie, on the
prairie (L-35; D-—46).
wic hiti’c lo’xkin, I go upon the
prairie.
lom, to peel.
wi lo’mco, I peel (‘‘j’épluche’’).
lon, to hum, to roar.
hi’ 10‘nkit, the storm is roaring.
10’nkit, it is humming.
mifi lo’nkit, the bee is humming (I).
16H, to thunder (perhaps the same as

lon).
lo’nilofic, thunder (I).
lo’flofie a® kodnd (or ko’nét or

ko ét), lo’floic a” ko’nkét (or
kd’nkit), the thunder (i. e., light-
ning) struck the tree.

lo’filofic (né) makau’, lo’filofic (ne’-
kin) makau’, the thunder strikes
the ground.

lo’‘flofic ne’c kd’nét, lo’flofic ne‘’c
ko’nkit, the thunder struck the
tree, the thunder catches the tree.

lo’niloncét, it is thundering.

loflofici kone, lightning rod, lit.
“thunder catcher.”’

pélkankit lo’filofic, pél lo’filofic ka’n-
kit, it thunders at a distance.

lu, mud, dirt.

ha’ ica’k lu’kin tiktat tema’kip, this
man goes to stand in mud up to

’ the knees; pl. tétsd’t for tiktat.

lu’ itka a’mene, a pottery drinking
cup.

lu’ pampa’mcé, to tramp around in
the mud.

lu’cém, full of dirt (D-65).

lul, to swim.

a‘kitoe lul (icict), the frog swims (to
the other side).

John tanko’hi ya’ lu’l-ici‘hat, John
jumped in and swam over.

78

lu‘lkit, it is swimming (usitative).

lu’ltit, they are swimming.

wi lu], I swim.

(wi) ta’-i lul ici’‘ko, I swam over to
the other side of the river.

ya-u lulkit, ya’-u lv’,
swims (1).

lum, to roll.

hatlumlu’mico, I roll myself.

lumlu’mico, I am rolling something.

lumlu’mst, what rolls (‘‘ce qui
roule’’).

naki't teko’ ti‘u-lumlu’micta, go ye

- and roll this barrel!

the fish

ne’e-pa’l lumlu’mckit, the wheel
turns.

nic pal lumlu’mic(t), wheel, ‘“‘turn-
ing board.”’

pil lumlu’mict, a roller on a bed (ef.
wheel), a caster.
ya’ teko’ tik-lumlu’mict(a), go roll
this barrel!
luc, scale of fish.
ndi’ caklu’e, scales of fish.
luc, sticky; (pl.) lulu’c; (cf. lu).
lut, to blow (nose).
u'ts hatlu’ticu, I blow my nose.
ma, a demonstrative probably indicat-
ing a considerable distance away,
or an indefinite distance away,
and hence translated ‘‘where?”’ in
asking questions.
hiwe’ve tanu’k ma’-i, farther than
(or over) one mile (D-139).
na’ no’me ma, where is your child?
ciwan ma’, ci’iwon ma, where is the
cat?
ta’-i mi ino’-i, on the other side of
the river, across the river, beyond
the river.
tu’l ma ino’-i, across the lake (D-73,
100).
mak, knot, knob, lump, bump; fore-
head (said to be same stem).
imd’c mak, a grave mound (D-139).
ko’-i ma’k, Adam’s apple, ‘‘lump
on the throat.”’
ma kmakc hitso’m, makma’kce idso’n
(1), smallpox, ‘‘small bumps.”’
né mak o’tsip ti’cta John tewé(ta),
I will go to the mountain with
John (I).
né mak o’tsip ti’cta wi itét tewe’ta,
I will go to the mountain with
my father (I).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

né’c ma‘k, ne’c mak (I), knot in wood.

to‘lk hima’kic héts (D-139), to’lki
makict héts, large or long pin,
breast-pin, ‘‘big thing with head
made into a knob.”’

wi to’l-gema‘kict, my pin (I have
one pin).

w6’c ma’k, hand clasped, fist; E. D.
wee kumak {uish kumak], given
as ‘‘wrist’’ in one transcription.

mak, to fall, to plunge, to swim. (A.

R. gave ma’xkit as a synonym of
lul, to swim.)

ek’hu ma’‘kco,
water.

himakau’kit, I fall.

kau’kau makau’, the water falls
(over a dam, etc.).

kélakwa’ts ka’-uc maka’-u ha’xcta,
kélakwa’ts ka’-uc maka/-u ha’‘cta,
the cork has not yet fallen down.

kélakwa’ts ka’-uc maka’ wét, the cork
has fallen down.

lo’‘flofic (né) makau’, lo’filofic (ne’-
kin) makau’, the thunder (i. e.,
lightning) strikes the ground.

maka’-u, to fall; E. D., makkao.

tsanu’k kic makau’kit, the mare is
foaling (and said of quadrupeds
generally).

ta’nstal td’‘ika maka’wat, the paper
falls down whirling.

wi himaka’wét kitsdk A’mwafyé
(or &’m-waf ya’), I fell because
I was drunk.

wi maka’-u na’-uco, I let fall, I make
it fall.

wic ke hia’mkin Jack maka’wet,
while I was drinking Jack fell
down.

ne’‘maghai (P), ne makhaaou [nay
makhaaou (C)j, lightning that
“strikes the earth,’’ thunderbolt
(E. D.).

mak (sing., two things), mam (pl.), to

mix things (solids or liquids) (cf.
make, to exchange).

hima’‘ke, mixed (peas, beans, etc.).

hima’m, im&’m, a pile, an accumu-
lation.

ne’c himam la’wit, I have burnt a
cord of wood (himam=‘‘mis en
tas’’).

wi hima’ke,
things.

I plunge into the

I mix together two

wariond
SWANTON

wi hima’me, I mix several things.
wic him&’mo, I gather, I pile up, I
collect.

make, to exchange, to swap, to barter.

na’ kit o’ktém make’ne (L), na’kit
o’kta make’-une, ye come for bar-
tering.

ok make’, to swap; lit. to come and
swap.

wi make’u, I swapped.

wi mak’he’-u, I exchange, I barter
I swap.

wi cakmaka’yu, I swapped (pl. obj.).

maghasu (P), loud, strong (E. D.) (see

mak).

kapkapst maghasu, the thunder is
loud, strong (E. D.).

ma’‘k6ts, lizard; E. D. nishtoman
{nichtomann] (P).

ma’‘kpél, palmetto, palmetto small and
large (latania).

ma’kpél a2, a palmetto house.
ma‘kuts, see tsima.

mil, upper leg, thigh (‘‘cuisse’”’); E. D.
malt (P), maat, maal(?) (C); Ak.
motles.

man (P), to push, to punch, to stab.

coko’m no‘hik ima‘nkit, the cow
pushes with its horn.

wi hima’mo kudsni‘nik, I stab with
a knife (this is probably the plural
form, though the second m may be
intended for n).

maf (D—44, 105), mafi, long.

a’kitoc nal ma’fimaf, spring frog,
“long thighs.”

a’n ma fimafi, mule, ‘‘long ears.’

eti’ mai, iti’ ma’fi (D-114), the whole
night through.

hui hatke’ ma’fi, a long petticoat
(I).

imd’c mak mai, a long-shaped
grave mound (D-139).

icpa’] ma’, a dish, ‘‘a long plate.”’

ictemét ma‘fi, sunbonnet, ‘‘long
hat.”

iti mai hihai’xtikyilco, I wept all
night.

iti ma‘fi hiwa’le tiki‘lat (or tik yi’lat),
I dream all night (until daylight).

iti ma’fi mG6n, the whole night.

kec ’n cakio’l tee moni cakmafimafi-
ét, women and men wore their
hair long.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 79

kidso’ne wi ukutka’-uc ma/‘fikin
teho’p la’wat, the fire burnt a
hole through my coat.

ko’mdk maii, a long basket.

ma‘fii ha’xcta, before long.

ma‘fi ha’n, quickly.

maf ha’n iti, quicker, quickest
(“plus veloce’’), ‘‘not long be-
fore.”’

maifii mo” pu’nso, I blow all along.

ma nét, always (L).

mafic ina’ha, rectangular, square.

mafic o’t yu'l(yul), striped hori-
zontally (as lines on ruled paper).

ma fut co’k caktsi’nke, a continual
thief, always a thief (D).

mile keo’ yil maf coka’xkit,
though he is blind he works all day.

na’xts ma‘fi, a small yellow-bellied
turtle.

na-u mama, na’-u ma’m-maii,
boots.

ne’c-mafi ne’c, (long-leaf) pine.

nec tewa’c maiima’fi, magnolia,
‘‘long-leaved tree.”

nét tsat yu’l ma‘fimafic, striped
vertically.

o’ ko® ma‘nico, I take and stretch a
cord (‘‘je l’ai élongé’’).

o’kotka-ue maf, okotka’-uc ma‘i
(I), coat, ‘‘long shirt.”

okotka’-uc ma‘fi hd’pe, coat button-
hole.

okotka’-uc ma’fi ko’m-tat, an over-
coat hung up, an overcoat hang-
ing up (lit. ‘‘standing erect’’).

oko’tka-uc mafi no‘k, coat sleeve.

tanu’k mafi iti, to overlap, ‘‘one the
longer.”

teho’p mafi, a long tube.

te’c modi cakmafima’fét, long hair
was worn by them (L-23).

wi 0’ ko™ ma‘fico, I stretch a cord,
“T lengthen a cord”’ (I).

wi okotka’-uc ma‘fi ko’mna-u, I hang
up an overcoat; pl. of obj.
cak-komna’-u.

wi okotka’-ue ma‘fi li’‘ke, my coat is
used, my coat is worn out.

wi te’ec mafima’fi hatna’-uco, I wear
my hair long, I let my hair grow
long.

wi te’c mafima’fiu, I have long hair
(‘‘j’ai les cheveux longs’’).

80

wie ma’fi o’t 4’m’o, I drink all the
time.
wie ma’ fiut wa’nkinto, wic ma’‘fi o’t
wa’ fio, I will walk all the time, I
walk all the time.
yil ma’i mon, the whole day.
yu'l ma’fimaiic, striped, ‘‘long lines.”
ma ‘tsiwa, fly; E. D. matsiua.
mél, black; pl. mé’lmel; E. D. yann
[iann], black, blue (see yafi, green) ;
Ak. mesle(?) (see below).
ac mel u’ec, this is true black (dark
gray?).
hatmé@‘leo, they painted themselves
black (L-25).
kau’kau mél, the water is black.
ku’e mel, negro; pl. ku’ec melmé’]
(D-141).
ku’e mel kic, negress (in the original
kie for kue, evidently a slip).
kue mél tuka’-u, monkey, ‘‘resem-
bling a negro.”
kuc me‘lik nima‘at, a negro has
killed him (‘‘un négre l’a tué’?).
no’kte-u melmél (L-6), no’k te’-u
me’lmel, nokte’-u me’l (I), goose
(both tame and wild), “ends of
wings black” (‘‘dont les ailes sont
noires’’).
coko’n (or coko’m) me’l, a buffalo;
pl. me‘Imél (also signifying “‘black
all over’’).
wi mé‘lco, I blacken; also I dye.
wi tsanu’k m@'l, my horse is black (I).
wic kaukau’ me’le, I blacken the
water.
wic kaukaw’ me’lckinto, I will blacken
the water.
okmesl [ocqmesle], a blue or black
covering (Ak.) (Rivet has ‘‘a white
or black covering,”’ but I adhere to
the Newberry Library copy of this
vocabulary for obvious reasons).
mets, tall; E. D. mets, large, high, tall.
hatna’xkan méts a’? How tall are
you?
i’cak méts, a tall man.
i‘caik me’tsmets, many tall men.
tsanu’ke me’ts iti cu’lut iye’mets,
tsanu’k(c) cu’l o’t iye’méts, the
horse is taller than the dog.
mi(l), to hate, to detest; E. D. yakst
liakst], to hate, to loathe.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

icik hi’-imile, I hate this man, I
detest this man; pl. icak cak-
himi’me.

mil, blind.

icak mile, a blind man (1).

kic ku’nyuds mile, a blind girl (I).

kic mi‘le, a blind woman (I).

mi ka w0d’l, sore eyes, eyes making
mucus.

mi‘le keo’ yi‘l mai coka’xkit, though
he is blind he works all day.

min, weak, feeble; (pl.) mi’nmin; E. D.
mé-in.

?mi-inpa‘xts, ménpaxts, mifipa’xts,
rainbow; (‘‘two colors: blue, red’’) ;
E. D. mi-innpanst (mi-in=weak?).

min, mun, bee, hornet, stinging
insect.

min ak, honey, ‘‘bee liquor.”’

mi‘fi afi cak-ho’pe, bumble-bee, (or
more likely wood wasp) “‘bee mak-
ing holes in the houses.’

mi‘fi i-o’fikit, the bee stings once.

mifi 16’nkit, the bee is humming (1).

mifi pa, bee’s nest (also given as
“wax’’),

mi’ fi cakio’fi, wasp ‘‘bee stinging.”

mi‘fi caki-o’fikit, the bee stings
many.

minst, miinst, to feel (‘‘sentir’’)
(E. D.).

mic, to give.

al atna’ himi’ec, give me a little meat!

ha mo’ni na‘k mi‘cat, he gave to ye
all.

ha’ nmi’cat, he gave to you.

ha cak mi‘cat, he gave to them.

ha cata’ hika’t mi‘cat(?), ha’ ot
mi’cat, he gave to him.

ha’ we’het (or wét) himi’cat, he gave
to me.

ha’ ut mic, give him! (‘“‘not ha ot’’).

ha yu’kit ut (or ot) iemi’cat, he gave
to us.

hak himi‘eat, ha’ ik himico, he gave to
me (I gave to him(?)).

he’mic, they have given it to me.

hi‘mic kau’kau, give me water!

himi’cinto, they give me.

himi’ckinto, they are giving me.

ka’fi hemi‘ci kau’kau, you ought to
(‘‘devrais”’) give water to me.

mi‘culat, they gave (D-113).

eer ta |
SWANTON

okotka’-uc hatpa‘ts imi‘cinto, I will
wash shirts for myself.

okotka’-ue i’cak he’-u_ cakcopats
(h)imi’cinto, I wash shirts for
others.

ca‘k ’neu’pats hi’mic ti’kit, who is
going to wash for me? (“qui va
laver pour moi?’’)

ciko’m kaukau’ cokmi‘co, I give the
cattle to drink.

cokmi‘co, I gave something, I made
a@ present.

tsanu’k mi’cat pé’nene, she gave a
horse for curing her (D—56).

tsi’t katke’ mic, give me a chew of
tobacco! (‘‘donne un chew tobac-
co!’”).

wi ha’ o’t mico, I gave him.

wi inmi‘co, I gave you.

wi ca’kmi‘co, I gave them.

wi cukte’-i micu, I doctor somebody,
“T give medicine.”

ak hamic [ak hamish], give me water!
(E. D.).

kam hamic [cam hamish] give me
fire! (E. D.).

mic, to turn, to revolve.

aknak mickit (or mickét) ta-i’mi(n),
there are eddies in the river.).

a’knax mickéc, an eddy in the river.

a” mickéc, around the house.

a’fiut mické, around the house.

né hatmi’ckéc, horizon (form un-
certain).

ne’c wil mon (h)atmickéc, the roots
of the tree stretch out (from the
tree) around.

pun tikmicke’co,
something.

yuki't pu’ns-micke’ctsél,
around.

mok, m6, to arrive, to come (sing. of

na-u (?)) (ef. 6, to come).

icik konyu ds ta®’ caktewe’, mo’két,
another young man has come
with the others.

ki‘e mo’kat hipa’ wé hid’l wé, a
woman who has arrived with her
husband and boy (“une femme
qui est arrivée avec son mari et
garcon’’) (cf. we’het).

mo’k-wa’nkit, (or mo’hat), he has
come (D-116).

I blow around

we. blow

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

$1
pa’-i mo’hat, she came home
(D-109.)
wi mo’ko, I arrive.
mok,

cakmo’kco, I borrow.
ca’‘hatmo’kco, I lend to somebody.
m6k, short; E. D. mok [mock], low.
a’ fikat-mok, a"kat-m6k (I), window,
“short door’’; pl. a’fikat mo’kmok.

a’nkat-mo’k pa*hico, I close the
window (1).

a’nkat-mo’k cakpa‘xnico, I close the
windows.

a’fikat-mo’k utsu’tska, pointed win-
dow.

a’fikat-mo’kin na’yu (or ne-u), I put
them in the window.

hu’i hatke’ mok, a short petticoat (1).

kic mok, kic mo’k, short woman;
also a personal name, the name of
Louison’s mother; pl. kéc mo’k-

mok.

kic mo’kat, she was a short woman
(D-78).

komo’k (D-77), ko’-md’k, basket,
“short ko.”

ko’mdk maf, long basket.
mu’kmuk ya’ té’c, this hair is short.

okotka’-ue m6dk, waistcoat, vest,
“short shirt”’ (I).
té’c mo’kmok, short hair.
mol,
ko’-ikin (h)atmolmo’lhico, I am

gargling (ko’-ikin, in the throat).
mom, mole (‘‘taupe’’) (perhaps “‘throw-

ing up earth” but more likely
from moc, to dig”); E. D. hium,
hooum, hoomm.

mom okti’cat, the mole came and
went, the mole had passed by
(‘fa passé 14’).

modmwa fine, mole
road.”

mon (L-10, 11, 19, 34, 40; D-—45, 60,65,

115, 129, 180); md’ne (or md’nc)
(D-125), all.

ha’ mo‘nina’k micat, he gave to ye
all.

ha cokmo’n, his property, ‘‘all his
things’’ (D-126).

he’-eckit mén, every morning.

hicokéc keo’ yi‘lkit (or yi‘l) mon
ti’co, though I am sick I go out
every day.

hill, ‘‘mole’s

82

icik m6n, all men, the whole people.

icak moni, i‘cak mini, all of the
people, people.

ica’k ta’-ic o’kid™ yukitné mon
ialpe’hiulét, strangers have come
and taken all of our land.

ita’ mdn, everywhere.

iti ma’fii mG6n, the whole night.

mai mo” pu‘nso, I blow all along.

mile keo’ yi‘l mafi coka’xkit, though
he is blind he works all day.

mon hiyitsot, many are standing.

mon ho’ktiwé pi’ mlo, let us all dance
together!

mon nok’hu’'let, we all lie down, we
all see ye.

né-mon, the United States, ‘‘the
whole country.”

né mo” ko’, I have taken the whole
earth (‘‘j’ai pris toute la terre’’).

né m6n yalpe’hiulét, they have taken
the earth (“‘ils ont pris la terre’’).

né md‘nkin wa’fita, I am to travel
into all countries.

né ’n itans ’n icak ’n mGni, the world,
“earth, heaven, and all people.”

ne’c wil m6n (h)atmickéc, the roots
of the tree stretch out around.

ni’fi ti’xt min wa’fiu, I walk every-
where in the village.

nfi’fi-uc mo’n, the whole city.

co’k m6‘n tsa’xk, everything is dry
(‘fall the cloth’’).

coxm6n, everything (D-48).

cu’l mon, all dogs (I).

ta’-i mo’n, the whole river.

uc mon he’he (or ehe’c), my whole
body is aching.

wi mon caktsa*’co, I, push all things.

yil ma’fi mon, the whole day.

yu’kit mon a’‘inlf, let us all drink!

m6e, to dig, to bury.

ha’ nu’nkin imo’culat, they buried
her at her home (D-89).

himoce, im6dc (D-—125), burial, funeral.

imd’culat, they buried him (D-124,
125, 126, 127, 130, 133, 136).

iva’fi imod‘cti(xt), she lies buried
there (D-89).

kiwile cakim6’e né’nkin imo’culat,
they buried her in the French
cemetery (D-92).

ta’m him6’¢, to dig a grave.

tit himd’ct itd’le, ti duimé6e itd’lc,
to prepare for burial.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 108

tik imd’ctin, until the funeral
(D-124).

wi himo’ec hito’leo, I prepare for
burial.

wi himd’co, I bury.

wi ne’-ta’‘mo him0’cne, I dig a grave.

wi cakhimd6’co, I bury them.

yuk’hi’ti cakiméec-ne’kin ha’, not in
the Indian graveyard (D—90).

m6’yim, md’yu (L-4), pumpkin.
miuks, to be extinguished, out.

kidsone mu‘ksét, or mu’ktsét, the
fire is out.

mufi, mu”, mofi, to smell, to scent

(cf. hima and ma); E. D. min,
mun (see nec).

hiyan wa’i cakmufickit, the hog
roots about, the hog smells about.

ne’ec mu’ii, nic min, ne’c mi‘A (J),
pine, ‘‘fragrant tree’; E. D. nic
min [nishmin], nic mun.

ni‘c-mo’fh éf (or e’fiek) ekco’lulet,
they tarred a man.

nic-mofi éfi wi ikeo’lo, nic-mofi e’fik
wi co’lo, I rub tar with.

cok mii, bedbug, “‘smelling thing.’’

wic he’-u mu’‘fico, I smell some
things.

wic mu’nmufico, I smell all around.

wic mu’fico, I smell something.

n, na, personal pronoun of the second

person, used independently or as a
prefix; nak, plural prefix, nakit,
independent plural pronoun of the
second person; E. D. natt, thou,
thee; naak, ye, you (pl.).

ha ni cakiol, this is my husband
(A. R.) (probably ‘‘this is your
husband’”’).

*nhu’-u ha, I do not see you.

nkeme ko, you would wish to row.

nlo’-i (or inlo’hi) cokia’kinto, I help
you eat.

*nto’l a’, be it well with you. (D-68)

cok ’nka’a, what is the matter with
you? -

hiu’xtsat na’, hiatu’xtsat na, I re-
membered (you).

kaukau na pi’xka, are you thirsty?

na am, you drink; na-i¢ a’m, you
drink now.

na A méhé, you (sing.) will then
drink.

na’ afi o’tskin, thy high house.

SWANTON

Bates |

na’ a’fie O’tskip, your house is high.

na’ @ fi hatse-uwa’n(h)icat, I forgot
your name.

na @fike, your name, you have a
name.

na @’nke a’, have you a name?

na énco’koi, na’-ie (or nic) énco’koi,
you are chief.

na éncoko’yet, you have been chief.

na ha’yuat, you were laughing (I).

na hitsu’mta, you are going to pinch
me.

na issémtsét, thy brother.

na ictsu’mta, you are going to pinch
us.

na’ it la‘ke, your face is dirty (I).

na iwe’-uckinto, I am going to make
fun of you.

na’ k&n, at your house (‘‘chez toi’’).

na’ ke, you have, you possess.

na la‘k, na‘c la‘k, be strong! (sing.).

na’na’-u ita’fi na’-i (or ne’-i), where
did you put your shoes?

na nlak, you are strong.

na nla’ kat, you have been strong.

na’ nila‘k’n, when you are strong
(future?).

na’ no’me ma, where is your child?

na ncoko’-ins, while you are chief.

na nu’k, yourself, thyself.

na’ o’t, for you.

na o’t pu’nsat, they blow at you.

na’ ca’ 4m, or ca’ a’ na’c, or na caa,
who are you?

na caktsu’mta, you are going to
pinch them.

na tsu’mta, I am going to pinch
you (?).

na te’m 4’m, na’ te’m 3’mat, you
drank yesterday.

na ti’ct hiua’jo, you send me.

na yilén na’mtikit, (na’-ict) yilén
{mta (or &’mté), you will drink
to-morrow.

co’k nke’a na komho’pcki, what have
you in your bucket?

te’ nako’-i, you have to speak! get
up to speak! (?).

wi ’n na tsutsa’lat, you and I kicked
him (I).

wi ’n na tsutsa’Itsel, you and I are
kicking him (I).

wi n na tsutsa’‘ltsél, you and I will
kick him (I).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 83

ya cul na kif, that dog belongs to
you.

nakla’klak, be strong ye!

na‘k mpe’tsta, are you tired?

co’k (h)iwine’at nake na’k kanwa’n-
ein, I found something but will
not tell you what.

yac nak tu’taihe’xc, you do this
for nothing (‘‘tu fais ca pour
rien’’).

naki’t 4’mto, you all drink!

naki’t a®’ nép, naki’t a’fic nép, your
(pl.) house is low.

na’ kit icu’]tém, you (pl.) have caught
(a fish).

nakiti nakla’klak, you (pl.) are
strong.

na‘kiti naklakla’kat, you (pl.) have
been strong.

naki’'t na’klaklak’n, when you (pl.)
are strong (fut.?).

nakit na’‘kaméhé, you (pl.) will then
drink.

nakit na’kofic, you (pl.) don’t want.

na kit nakcoko’-in, while you are
chiefs.

naki't ntsét, your brother.

na‘kit nu’k, yourselves.

naki’t n wi tsutsa’ltsél, we (ye and I)
are kicking him (1).

na kit o’kt@ém make’ne, na‘kit o’kta
make’-une, ye come to barter.

naki't o’t, for you.

naki’t pe’msta, are ye tired?

na‘ kit eco’koi, na‘kitic co’koi, you
are chiefs.

na‘kit coko’yét, you were chiefs.

nakit tsanu’k cakwinétém nak caka’x-
lecat, did you find the horses
which you lost? (D-—58).

naki’t teko’ tiu-lumlu’micta, go ye
and roll this barrel!

naki’'t te’m naka’mat, na‘kit (tem)
%/mtem, you (pl.) drank yesterday.

naki‘t yilén A’mta, naki’t yi'lén
na mtkit, you (pl.) will drink to-
morrow.

nae, na’-ic(t) (sing.), naki’t-ic(t) (pl.),
forms of the independent pronoun.

na‘ic iped’k, you (sing) are a doctor.

nac hi‘lake, you are wearied.

nac ’nofic, you do not want.

84

n, ’n (L-23), and, if.

abx ’n o’kén ic&’méhé, if you come
here we will then drink (D).

ha n wi tsutsa/lat, he and I kicked
him (1).

ha’ n wi tsutsa/Ititit, he and I will
kick him (I).

hitét n okét, father and mother.

John tanko’hi ya’ lu’l-ici‘hat, John
jumped in and swam over.

kemc hi-a’-ucén ika’-uts’n, if he had
not known how to row he would
have drowned himself.

kec ’n cakio’l, women and men.

Kic-mék n Ponponne, Short-woman
and Ponponne (D-70).

kic ’nto’lén na’xkan ti‘cén, if you are
a smart woman you will not go.

kucme’] ’n cako’ o’két, a negro and a
white man are coming (given by
Teet Verdine).

nta‘n, ’n tan, or (D—47).

naki’t n wi tsutsa’ltsél, we (ye and
I) are kicking him (I).

né n’ ita’‘ns ’n icak ’n moni, the
world, ‘‘earth, heaven, and all
people.”

nti’ n pit, catfish and perch (D-49).

odl ’n icti‘hu ti’éhé (or ti’une), when
you are near we will start.

Ol ’n o’kén icti’uéhe (or ti’une), if

you come near we will start then.

ciko’'m ’n tsanu’k, cattle and horses
(D-80).

cukwa’‘k
(D-76).

té n 6, the bow and the string.

wi ’n na tsutsa’lat, you and I kicked
him (I).

wi ’n na tsutsa’Itsel, you and I are
kicking him (I).

wi n na tsutsa‘Ititit, you and I will
kick him (1).

Yoyo't n_ Kic-yu’'ts,
Kish-yuts (D-84).

yu Ic io’-i o’k ’nu’xts a’ ’n ta’‘nat ’n a,
send me word whether you can
come or not (D-—48).

-n, -én,

ha wa‘ntsén, tell him!

*nhatpe’n icti’uhu (or -thé), when
you are ready we will start.

*nhiinat hatna’xka_ pa’-ihiticnina,
you have sent to find me, how can
I return?

>

n al, bread and meat

Yoyo’t and

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 108

*nhina’-ucén, if you let me.
cakwa‘ntsén, tell them!
cukia’xta ok’n, you come for eating.
wi tici ’nwa’‘co, I send you.
na,
hatna’, how much?
hatnax kan wa‘cifi a, hatnax kan
wa'ci na, how old is he?
na, to blow (?).
hino’ na’, it blows a whirlwind.
nage, sun (EH. D.) (ef. lak).
nagg allii, the sun is hot (E. D.).
nai (or hinai), to think, to believe,
thought (cf. wif).
(h)ina’-i, thinking, thought.
ke’e cakcoke’c yo’xt wi ca‘k’hinai,
I think that many women are sick
(‘‘je crois que plusieurs femmes
sont malades’’).
ca coke’c ti’xt wi hi‘nai, I think that
someone lies sick (‘‘je crois qu’il y
a quelqu’un de malade’’).
wi hina’yét, I think this, I believe
this.
wi hina’yu, I have thought of that
(‘‘j’ai pensé & ¢a’’).
yi'l to’l tsa’k hi’nai, I think that it
will be beautiful weather and dry
(‘‘je crois qu’il fera beau temps et
sec’’).
nak, to play (on an instrument).
na‘kenén, a musical instrument like
a xylophone, from 2 to 3 feet long,
used in accompanying dances;
the violin was afterwards so
called, and all other stringed
instruments.
haki’'t naxcné’n, they made a noise
with a stringed instrument (evi-
dently the same instrument as
above).
na‘ xkculat, they played the fiddle or
violin (D-115).
wi na‘kco, I play on (any) instru-
ment, I play, etc.
nak, to point.
wi na‘kco, I point to.
wi wo’cik na’‘keo, I point with my
finger.
wo’c nak, or wo’ec na‘kin, the index
finger.
yaii a" na’xco, I point at that (house
far off).
tiggs naggst, fingernail (E. D.) (ef.
Ak. semak [semacq], finger).

SWANTON | DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 85

nak, to hear, to listen; E. D. naks

[nacks] (the “‘s’’ is evidently a suf-
fix).

haki’t naxenin, they sounded (L-27).

hatna’‘kco, I have heard.

na kco, I hear, I listen.

cakio’l ckali’t haihai’c n&’kco, I hear
a boy weeping.

co’kna’ke ha’xe, he doesn’t hear.

nak, like, very.

eku’n nak o’ko, I arrive just now.

eku’n na(k) ta’mo, I have just
ascended; also I begin mounting.

eku’n nak wa‘nkinto, I begin to
walk, I walk just now.

elu’ nak elu’, intensely hot, ‘‘hot, very
hot.”

ha’e hidso™ na’k hidso™, he is very
small.

he na’k hé, he’x na’k he’, very bitter,
very strong.

iti’ nak iti’, it is very dark.

ke’-ucuxkinto na‘ke ke-uciu'lkinto, I
smoke while writing.

ko” nako™, ko” nak ko™ heavy to
lift, ‘‘heavy and heavy.”

ko’p nak ko’p, very white.

ku’ts nak ku’ts, dark red.

cok (h)iwine’at na’ke na‘’xkan
wa ncén, cok (h)iwine’at nike na’
kanwa’‘ncin, I found something
but will not tell you what.

talko’ p na’k talko’p, dark blue.

tu’l wa‘le na’k wa’le, lake billows are
big.

tia’-u na‘k tla’-u, very light (to lift).

wa’ cin nak wa’cin, very old (D-95).

yuki't eku’n nak na’-utsél, we ar-
rived just now (‘‘nous sommes ar-
rivé & Vheure qu’il est’’).

ahina’ka (L-39), aihina’k (L-37), a
hina’k (L-22), like this.

hinak, inak (L—22), hina’ka (D-88),
96, 137), about, like, as if, of the
same kind, thus, that much (L-32).

hinak wito’-ul cukia’ko, hinak wi
to’l cukia’ko, I have eaten enough
(or well).

hina’ka O’la, as near as that (‘‘si
proche que ¢a’’).

hina’ka pel, it is so far.

hina’ka wa’ci, hina’kan wa’ci, he is
that old (also said to mean “I
am that old’’).

hie’n-tset wet a hina’k kicet okia’-
lul inak, it was as if brothers had
married sisters.

ilu’ wocpe’ latsi‘k hina’ka, about
sixty years.

inaka’, inakha’, not like, unlike.

ne’c ta’l 6/1 ina’k, cinnamon color.

no’hame-kuw’ hina’‘k, egg-shaped, “‘egg-
like.”

to’hinak, just so, because, therefore
(‘‘e’est pourquoi’’).

wie (h)aki’t a’ hina’ka he’-u hatu’-iv
(or hatvi'v), I deem myself as high
as they.

wic hina’kanto, I am that way
(‘comme ga je fais’’).

wo’cifia hina’két, they were as if
naked, they were almost naked
(L-23).

woc ke a hinak, ring shaped.

ina’ha, looking like.

ina’ha no’me, that child far off.

iti’c ina’ha, dusk.

ku’ts ina’ha, pink.

mafic ina’ha, rectangular, square.

talko’p i‘naha, not much blue, sort of
blue.

ti'ula ina’ha, let us go yonder!
(‘‘allons nous la-bas.’’).

to ku’p ina‘ha, half white and half
gray, sort of whitish.

to-u’c i’‘naha, to-uc ina’ha, purple,
“like ?”’, dark gray.

tol kuts i’‘naha, brown, “‘nearly red,”
‘resembling red.”

wi wo’c lakla’ke ina’ha, my hands
are as if stiff.

(wic) hipeptst ina’ha, I am tired.

won ina’ha, damp, moist, ‘‘like fog.”’

ya hina’hino, na’kta hinahino’ict, one
side (of a paper) and the other
side (?).

na‘kta (it seems to be given as a syno-

nym of eiku’n).
na’ kta iti’, it is dark at this hour.
na’‘kta yil, now it is day, or clear
weather (‘‘a présent il fait clair’’).
ya’ hina’hino’ na‘kta hinahino’ ict,
one side (of the paper, etc.) and
the other side (‘‘on this side and
now on the other side it is’’).

naxts, naxts (A. R.).

naxts maf, a small yellow-bellied
turtle.

86

nal, n&’l (I), sinew, ligament, tendon.
a’kitoc na’l ma’fimafi, spring frog,
“long thighs.”’
inte’ nal, throat (‘‘l’”’ almost inaudi-
ble).
tuts na‘l, calf of leg and neighboring
parts; ligament or tendon of foot.
nal, to hunt (na’l, shallow water).
anhipo’n wa’ fi cakna’I’nto, I will hunt
rabbits (I).
wan na’'l’nto, I will hunt it (one).
wi na lo, I hunt it.
wi cakna’lo, I hunt them.
nal, shallow (water), low (water) (n4l,
to hunt.)
kaukau’ nal, the water is shallow.
kaukau’ na’‘l ici’ho, I cross at low
water.
nal kau’kau, shallow water.
tu’l nal, shallow water in lake.
tu’l na’let, it is ebb tide (1).
tu’l na‘lkit, the tide is ebbing.
nam (cf. idfi).
ké’tne na’mts¢l, we begged her to
remain (D-111).
caknam hite’-u, a beggar, “‘liking to
ask them.”
wi cakna’mu, I beg.
nats, worm, maggot, and all sorts of
insects.
na ts ca"ca”’, caterpillar.
nats yilyi'l, lightning-bug, firefiy (1).
nats,
ha’ cok-okina’tsne,
weapons (D-129).
hak’hi‘tic ok-ina’tsdilat, they begin
to fight (D-144).
ha’ficénto hokina’ts, stop fighting!
hokina’ts, hukina’ds (I), battle.
hokina’de hajfic, after the battle, the
battle ended (A. R.).
hokina’de ha‘fickit, they end the

his arms or

battle.

hokina‘dckinto, I fight in battle, or in
a duel.

hokina’dsul ha’xctan, before the
battle.

natkoi, snake (E. D.) (cf. otse’).
na’-u (D-128), moccasin, shoe (na’-0’,
hair).
ki’¢ na’-u, a woman’s moccasins (I).
na’ na’-u ita’fi na’-i, where did you
put your shoes?
na’-u hu’i, sole (of shoe).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

na’-u katska’ts, na’-u ka’tskats (I),
slippers.

na‘-u_ koko’p, stockings
white or not) (I).

(whether

na-u koko’p hatka’yiene, garters
(I):

na’-u koko’p yulyu’l, striped stock-
ings.

na’-u ma‘fimafi, boots, ‘‘long shoes”’

(I).
na’-u tsi’k, pair of moccasins (I).
cakio’l na’-u koko’p, a man’s stock-

ings, socks.
wi na’-u hika’, I make shoes.
na-@’, na’-u, hair, bristle, feather

(L-25), wool, fur (na’-u, shoe);
Ak. cok-nok [chocq noecq], feather
(perhaps “something on the
wing”’).

a’‘nhipon na’-u,
sheep’s wool.

icak cokno’k-na’-u ekeo’lulet, or icak
cokno’k-na’-uik co’lulet, they feath-
ered a man.

Kalna’-u, an Atakapa man.

kat na’-@’, katna’-u' (L-24), beard,
moustache, ‘‘mouth wool.’’

katna’-u hatlaene, katna’-u hatla’eni,
razor, ‘‘beard shaver.”’

na’-u oxox, na’-u o’hox (L-8), na’-u
oho’ (L), chinkapin, ‘‘sharp bris-
tles’? (probably referring to the
hull) (D-47).

na -u ta’-u-wala’‘Ickit, the feather is
waving.

na’-u_ ta’-u-walwa/Ictit, many feath-
ers are waving.

na’-u tot (or lil), (bird) down.

no’-ai, Alabama Indian (A. R. did
not remember this word), said to
mean “chinkapin swamp man,”
no being apparently a contraction
of na’-@’ o’xox.

nok na’-u, armpit hair.

nokna-u, wing feather; pl. caknok-
na’-u he’-u.

co’knok na’-u, feathers of duck.

te’ na’-u, mane (of horse).

te’-u na’-u, tail feathers.

wo'l na’-u, eyebrow, ‘‘eye hair.”

na-u, to arrive (pl. of moék?) (cf. akna,

in, mok and 36).

eku’n nak na’-utsel (er o’ktsél), we
arrived just now.

: ‘ s7 >
anhipo’n na’‘-v’,

ae DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 87

haki’t na’-ulhén, they will arrive, or
when they get there.

icna’-utsén, we will arrive, or when
we get there.

yuki’t eku’n nak na’-utsél, we arrived
just now, at this hour.

na-u, ne, na-i, ne-i, to let, to allow,

to cause ,to make, to keep.

4m na’-uc, let. him (or her) drink!
(4’mlu, let us drink!)

4m cikna’-uc, let them drink!

a’nka’t pa’-ic na’-ulat, they left the
door open (D-128).

a’fi-katmo’kin na’yu (or ne’-u), I
put them in the window.

ho’xp na/-ulat, they left a hole
(D-139).

ikunyu’tsip ina’-u cakna’-ucul ha’,
they would not let others go in
(D-118).

ina’-u, I let.

ina’-uco, I turn you loose, I let you
go.

icik tsanu’ki i/fii cakna’-uc, let men
search on horses (D-—59).

kau’kau na’-utne (or na’-u’ne), rain-
water tub, ‘‘to keep water in.’

ko’mok ya’-u cakina’-ucne, or ko’-
mok ya’-u cak’ha‘ne, fish basket
(cak’ha’ne, to put in).

naki’t 4’mto, let ye drink! drink ye!

na’na’-u ita’fi na’-i (or ne’-i), where
did you put your shoes?

na’-uc, let!

na -uctikit, we will let.

na’-ucto, I will let.

*n hina’-ucén, if you let me (“‘si tu
me laissais’’).

cakinauct a™Jak, they put them (in
prison).

pu’mul na’-u ha’kit ica’tip hatna’-
inst hati’dsom, when they danced
they put feathers on their heads.

cakina’-uc, I put into (prison) (sing.
of obj.).

cakinauct a™lak, they put them (in
prison).

cakina’-uculat, they placed them (in
jail) (D-148, 149).

cicakna’-uca ko’me ha‘xe, I don’t let
them hang up.

ciko’m &4’mcikna’-uco, I let the cattle
drink.

teyo’ a’v (not a’p) né, put the box
right here!

teyo’ hiya’p né, put the box right
there!

wi im ina’-uc, let me drink!

wi icak cakina’-uco, I put some men
in prison (‘‘je mets des hommes
(dans le prison) ’’); sing. inu’lco.

wi ko™ na’-u, I make stand, I grasp
and place it (or stand it).

wi fopna’-u, I stick up something.

wi maka’-u na’-uco, I let (or make)
it fall.

wi ok na’-uca, I let come.

wi ca 4m na’-uco, I let somebody
drink.

wi te’c mafima’fi hatna’-uco, I let my
hair grow long, or I wear my hair
long.

wi teyo’ cukite-uka’ne o’ts ne’-u, I
put the box on the chair.

ya’ okotka’-uc ko’n-ina’-u, bring that
shirt inside! (I).

na-u, to borrow (pl.) (?).

cakhatna’wat ti’k cak, to go to ask
credit (‘‘aller demander le credit’’;
“‘j’emprunter”’).

né, low, lower; usually in the form nép

(pl. né’pnép) (ef. ne, earth).

a nep, in this bend, ‘‘below here’’(?).

afi né’p, a low house.

ha’ a” nép, his (or her) house is low.

haki’t a™ nép, haki’t a’fic nép, their
house is low.

icik ne’kin pa’ko, I strike a man low.

kau’kau nép, the water is low.

naki’t a” nép, naki’t a’fic nép, your
house is low.

ne’ o’ts o’t, from below up.

nép kaukau’, low water.

nép ke-uko’-ikinto, I speak low while
sitting. °

nép pu’nso, I blow downward.

ne’c nét hi’ko (or ne ti’ko),*I climb
down from the tree (nét=né o’t).

nec pol tsat net, the log is floating
fast downstream.

nét tsat yu’l mafimai, striped verti-
cally.

no’k nép, lower arm.

pak né’p két, track, footprint (of
man or animals).

wi kato’ né, my lower lip, my under
lip.

wi né ti’co, I go downstairs, ‘‘I go
downward.”

wo kica’fi né, lower eyelid (I).

88 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

yuki't a™ nép, yuki’t a’‘fic nép, our

house is low.
ne, né (J), land, ground, country; E. D.
né.
icik ne-pu’me, a plowman.

ich’k ta’-ic o’kid™ yukit né mo’n
ialpe’hiulét, strangers have come

and taken all of our land.

kiwi’ le cakiméc né’nkin, in the French

cemetery (D-92).

lo’flofic (né) makau’, lo’flofic (ne’-
kin) makau’, the lightning strikes

the ground.
né hatmickéc, horizon.

né hikau’ nakwa’nta, or né hikau’
hatwa’nta, I am going to travel

into all countries.
né hu’i, in the ground (D-—135).
né-iwa fic, an earthquake (I).

né i’weve tanu’k, a mile, ‘‘one land

measure.”
ne’kin, on the ground.
ne’ kin ta’me, grave in the ground (I).

né ko, I have taken the earth (‘‘j’ai

pris toute la terre’’).
né mak o’tsip ti’cta John tewé(ta),

I will go to the mountain with

John (I).
né mak o’tsip ti’cta wi itét tewe’ta,

I will go to the mountain with my

father (I).

né mon, the United States, ‘‘the

whole country” (I).

né mo” ko, I have taken the
whole earth (‘‘j’ai pris toute la

terre’).

né modn yalpe’hiulét, they have
taken the earth (“ils ont pris la

terre’’).

né md/nkin wa’nta, I am to travel

into all countries.
nén 6}, nearly home (D-108).
né ’nitans ’n icdék ’n mGni, the world,
‘Call people in earth and heaven.”
né pom, a plow.
né-po’mne, a plowshare.
né-ci’ck (I), ni-cick, salt.

né-cic(k) ka’-une, salt cellar, ‘‘to put

salt into.”
neck-ol, ni‘ck-6l, sugar, sweetening.
ne’ck-ol ak, nick-6l ék, molasses,
“sugar liquid.”
ne’ck-ol ti, neck-ultu, nick-oltu,

neckotu’, sugarcane, ‘‘sweet salt

cane.”

[BULL. 108

ne’ckoltu li‘lini, sugar press, sugar
mill.

ne’cpa’l ne’kin tlo’p ta’t, a post
driven into the ground.

ne’c teka’me neyu’c, brush fence
(‘clos fait avee des branches’’).

né talanka’-u, sloping, slope, slanting,
leaning.

ne’ ta’mkin, in a grave (D-124).

ne’-tamni", shovel, spade, ‘‘with
which to make a hole in the
ground.”’

(ne-ta’mo) te’, hole (L).

né tutsale, I stamp with my foot
(—=né tuts tsa’lc).

né tlo’t, small elevation, “‘butte’’.

ne’ wa"p a”, or ne’ wa a2, brick house,
“earthstone house.”

né-yu'ckin, in the field.

né-yu’e né-po’m, plowed field.

ciko’m né-pom(ne), plow oxen, team
of oxen,

Tsa’yon né, Mexico, ‘‘Spanish coun-
try (‘‘dans le pays espagnol’’).

tso’-ots neyii’c, cornfield.

ta’-yip ne, island in river.

wi a” né-tsa’xkip, my house is on
dry land.

wi hitét ha né ive’vcat, my father
has measured his land.

wi né hiko’kicat, he has taken my
land from me.

wi ne’c ne‘kin tlo’po, I stick a post
into the ground.

wi ne’c tlo’po ne’kin, do.

wi né-yu’ckin pakna’-u ti’co, I run
across a field.

wi okét tsi’peat Tsa’yon ne’ ot, my
mother removed to Texas (or
Mexico).

wie né po’mo, I plow; pl. wi pom-
po’mo, I plow repeatedly upon this
spot, upon this place.

ne’ uici, the earth (or land) is large
(E. D.). .

nemakhai, ne makhaau, lightning
that ‘‘strikes the earth’’ (E. D.).

ne, ripe (pronounced a trifle shorter

than the preceding one).

he’-u ne, many ripe fruits.

neha, unripe (fruits).

ce’c ne’kin, fig season (July).

tepu’k ku’tskuts ne’kin, plum season
(before July ).

“speared
SWANTON

tepu’k ne’kin, peach season (July).
neklagg, hill (E. D.) (perhaps this
contains ne, earth).
nél, tongue; E. D. nedle.
nelkitson, partridge, quail (i. e., the bob-
white) (E. D.) (perhaps itson= little).
nec, né‘c, ni’c (L-2, 3, 35), tree, wood;
see kagg (KE. D.).
ehe’-u ne’c, gum tree (D did not
know this word).
hila’i té ne’c, big laurel, maguolia(?)
(‘‘gros laurier’’) (described as a tall
tree with white flowers and no
spines).
kako’k nicta’me nit, five-rail fence.
k0’fi ne’c, hackberry, ‘“‘heavy wood.”
ku’ts-pa’kico ne’c, I chop the tree
down ?
li'l ya’ nec, this wood is soft.
li‘la né’c, china tree.
lo’filofic ne’c kod’ néet, lo’flofic ne’c
ko’nkit, the lightning struck the
tree.
ne’c ak, green tree; pl. ne’c a‘ke (?).
ne’cak, sawdust.
ne’c akili‘ke to’lka la’u ha’xe, wet
wood doesn’t burn well.
ne’c a”, wooden house.
ne’c 4’fi, soap, ‘‘stick grease.”
ne’c 4/fi hika, I make soap.
ne’c 4’/fi hima’, sweet smelling soap.
nec 4 himat to’ l(ka), the soap
smells good.
ne’c A’ nik hatsa’-ukco, I wash with
soap.
ne’c hats tskit, the wood is cracking.
ne’c héts, big log, thick firewood
(‘‘grosse biiche’’).
ne’c he’-u ko’tso, I cut a heap of
wood.
ne’c he’-u lau’kit, a lot of wood is on
fire.
ne’c he’u po'lpol o’kit, much wood
comes floating.
ne’c he’-u cakta’mo, I climb many
trees.
ne’c himam la’wit, I have burnt a
cord of wood.
ne’c hi’cu, I plant a tree.
ne’c hidso’m ke-ucakw dskit, I whittle
on many sticks.
ne’c hidso’n ke-uku ‘tskit, I whittle off
from a stick.
né’c ho’pene, a big auger.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 89

ne’cik hipa’kat, he hit me with a
club (?).

ne’c ipa’xc, saddle, ‘‘wooden seat’’
(D-132).

né’c i’c, a rotten tree; pl. néc i’c
he’-u, né‘c i’cic, rotten trees.

ne’c icdl, wooden nail.

ne’c katska’tsicne, plane (‘‘rabot’’).

ne’c kaukau’ otse po’le-wa’nkit,
wood floats on the water.

ne’c ke’-ukatskatsicnto, I plane off.

ne’c kifiene, a small saw, (‘‘passe-
partout pour scier’’).

ne’ c-kific ta’me, a lumber mill, ‘‘ what
saws the wood.”’

ne’c-ki‘fie ta’me a”, saw cutting-
house (D-1385).

ne’cki ta’mtsat tamhe’-uc, the spider
goes up the tree.

néc ko’k, a crooked stick, a crooked
piece of wood.

nec kd‘ts, nickdts, stump,
tree”’ (I), ‘f‘eut wood.”’

ne’c ko’tso, I cut wood.

nec kuts, red oak, ‘‘red wood.”

ne’c la’ wine, firewood.

né‘c lil, soft wood; pl. née lilil.

ne’c ma’k, a knot in wood.

ne’c-mafi ne’c (long leaf) pine.

nec mon, nic min, ne’c mi‘ (I, L),
pine tree; E. D. nic min [nishmiin],
nic mun.

ne’c mon éi, tar, ‘‘pine grease.”’

ne’c-mo’h @fi (or e’fiek) ekco’lulet,
ni‘e-mo’fi @’f ekco’lulet, they tar-
red a man.

nec-mof éfi wi ikco’lo, nic-mofi éfi wi
ikeo’lo, nic-mofi e’fiik wi co’lo, I
rub tar with.

néc-mufi néc, pine tree, ‘‘fragrant,
wood tree.”

ne’c na tanu’k ko™ iya’-u, you lift a
stick at one end.

ne’c nét (or né o’t) hi’ko (or ne ti’ko),
I climb down from the tree.

ne’c pa’, wooden mortar (1).

néc pa'l, ne’c-pa'l, (1) shingle, board,
(2) wagon, cart, ‘‘flat piece of
wood’’ (?).

ne’c pa'l hidso””’, nie pa’l hidso™’, (1)
small board, (2) carriage, buggy
(“‘voiture’’).

ne’c-pa‘l idso™kin, in a carriage
(D-46).

“cut

90

ne’c pal lumlu’mic(t), ni’e pa'l
lumlu’mic(t), wheel, ‘‘turning
board.”’
ne’c-pa’l_ lumlu’mckit, the wheel
turns.

ne’cpal ne‘kin tlo’p ta’t, a post
driven into the ground.

ne’c pa’lpal, pa’lpal, shingles, sawed
boards; ne’c pal, a shingle (pal=
flat).

ne’c palpa’l a’nkin, in a plank house
(D-74).

ne’c palpa’l hidso’m, small shingles
(cypress).

ne’c pa’ wa'k, pestle (1).

ne’c pe’-u, wood swelled up.

ne’c pe’-ukit, the wood swells up.

ne’c pe’wico, I swell up the wood.

ne’c po'l-tsa’t né’t, the log is going
down stream.

ne’c ci’xt, bucket, pail.

ne’c cokiulen&, pencil (I).

nec coxkita’-une, scaffolding, scaf-
fold.

ne’c coxkita’-une ka’-u, I erect a
scaffold.

nec tsi‘k tsika’dip, between two
sticks.

ne’c tso’me, cane (‘‘baton’’).

nec taka’me icki’m, large thick
limbs.

ne’c taka’me neyu’c, brush fence
(‘clos fait avec des branches’’).

ne’c taka’-uc ickim, a large thick
limb.

ne’e ta’l, bark.

ne’c ta’l kima’ti, fiber bark, ‘‘inside
bark.”

ne’c ta’l 6/1, cinnamon (‘‘cannelle’’).

ne’c ta’/l 6/1 ina’k, cinnamon color.

ne’c ta’mo, I climb a tree.

nec-ta’ me, rail, “‘split wood.”

ne’c ta’mcét, a split tree, the tree is
split; pl. ne’c ta’mtamcét.

ne’c-ta’me ka’kok, a rail fence.

ne’c ta’mc ne’, wedge.

ne’c te’, a wooden bow (I).

ne’c téka’me, (1) brushwood, (2) tree
limbs (‘‘des branches’’).

ne’c-teka’me kamka’me, the limbs
stand out from (the tree).

né’c teka’-uc, branch, twig; pil.
teka’me.

ne’c te’xlk tat, the tree is blooming,
the tree stands in bloom.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 108

ne’c tewa’c Mafima’fi, magnolia tree,
‘‘broad leaved tree”’ (I).

néc to’ltdl, hard wood, ‘‘good wood’’;
sing: néc to’l.

ne’c tlo’pne, post.

néc wal, wooden floor and ceiling.

ne’c wa'le, floor of room.

nec wa fine, footlog, bridge.

ne’c wa’c, leaf of a tree; pl. ne’c
te’ wac.

ne’c wa’‘c tat, brown, “‘leaf yellow”’
(color of dead leaves).

ne’c wil, root.

ne’¢c-wi'l ka’mkame, the roots stand
out from the tree.

ne’e wil mon (h)atmickéc, the roots
of the tree stretch out around.

ne’c yalwa’nkinto, I carry wood in
my arms.

ne’tatat néc, an orange tree.

pa’kan néc, pecan tree.

pa‘ktsa’xec ne’c, pa’dsaxe ne’e,
pa’dsake ne‘c, pa‘ktsa’ke néc,
pa’ ktsaxe néc, hickory tree.

ce’c néc, fig tree, mulberry tree (?).

ciwat té ne’c, prickly ash (‘‘arbre
avec des piquants,’’ ‘‘fréne pi-
quant’’).

cukco’c pa’ ne’ckin, the bird’s nest
is in the tree.

texlk la’k ne’c, sunflower stalk.

te’xlk ne’c, all flowering trees (and
also the climbing jasmine).

tiu-pa’mtét né’cik, the one going to
beat with a club.

to’ pict né’c, oak tree, ‘‘acorn tree.”

wi néc kd’tso, I cut wood, I chop
wood; freq. wi né’e kotsko’tso.

wi ne’c kutsnahik ta’mco, I split with
a knife.

wi ne’e ne‘kin tlo’po, I stick a post
into the ground.

wi ne’e pa’-icik ta’mco, I split with
an ax.

wi ne’c tamta’mco, I split (the same
block) into several pieces, and I
split many logs (each separately).

wi ne’c tlo’po ne’kin, I stick a post
into the ground.

wi no’k pu’k ne’e yalwa’nkinto, I
carry an armful of wood.

wie to’hia nespa‘lkin, I get into a
carriage.

ya’ ne’c puhitsé’cta, I am going to
jump over this log.

eto |
SWANTON
yil ka’fimiin ne’e, post oak (D did not
know this word).
necoOum [neshooum], Indian corn (E.
D.) (ef. tso’-ots).
netswopst (C), netskopst [netscdpst|
(P), wild cat (or lynx), catamount;
Creole, pichou (E. D.) (ef. cake).
ne’tatat (not ne’tat, in sg.), orange
(probably from nec, tree, and tat,
yellow).
ne‘tatat ickim he’-u, large oranges
(‘grandes oranges’’).
ne tatat néc, orange tree.
ya netatat, this orange (‘‘celle
orange’’).
nia’1 (I), nial, nyal, wild cat (not
pichou).
nihu, to lie down; E. D. holli.
pi lkin ni‘hue, I lie down on the bed.
ti‘kni‘hue! go and lie down! (‘‘allez-
vous couchez!’’); pl. ti‘u no’kients!
or ti-u no’kicnts.
wi nihua, I lie down; pl. médn
nokhu'let.
nik, nik, teat, milk; E. D. nik, milk.
nik éfi, butter.
niku’ts, nipple; E. D. nikidst, teat,
female breast.
nik’ha’-u, nika’-u; to run after, to
pursue.
nik’ha’-u, I run after something or
somebody.
nik’ha’-ut, he runs after it (?).
ciwa’n nika’-ukit a’npaike, the cat
ran after the mouse.
co’k nik’ha’wu, I run after something
or somebody.
nikiil (C), nikib [nickib], woman, wife
(E. D.) (ef. nik, ‘‘milk’’).
ha nikiil [ha nickiil], ha nikul, his wife
(B,D).
nikiil-icpe [nickiil-ishpe], girl, young
woman (EK. D.).
nikiil yol [nickiil idl], the woman
is wicked (‘‘mechante’’) (H. D.).
wi nikiil [ouéé nikiil] (C), ué nickib,
my wife (HE. D.).
nike, gum, for chewing; E. D. niks
(ef. nik, milk).
nil, nila, grandchild, grandmother.
ha’ nil, her grandchild (D-—90).
ha cakni’l, her grandchildren (D-86).
wi nil, my granddaughter.

66784—32 7

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

91

wi nila’, my grandmother.
niltaks (niltax), Akokisa word for
ship, vessel (see tu).
nima, to kill; E. D. namma.
hinima’‘haxe, or hinima’‘ha, don’t kill

me!
hiy@n he’-u nima/’-at, (he) killed
hogs.

hiyé’n he’-u' caknima’-ulat, they

killed many hogs.

hiyé’n nima’-at, a killed hog (?).

hiyé’n nima’-ulat, they killed a hog.

hiyé’n tem nima’-utsél, we killed a
hog yesterday.

John co’xko-i pa’m nema’-at, John
beat the chief and then killed him.

kucmel nima’, the negro killed.

kucme’lik nima‘at, a negro has killed
him (kueme’lik is here the subject) -
(‘un négre l’a tué’’).

nima’ko’xe a’-uculat, they could not
kill him (though they wanted to).

nima’-u, I kill.

nima’-utstl, we killed (D-66).

noha’me he’-u ca’knima’-u,
many chickens.

Palna’l hila’-i wa’ci kic pa’m nim§at,
Palnal’s wife, the old woman, beat
him to death (L-18).

Pa’Inal hila’-i wa’ci pam-nimat,
Palnal was killed by his oldest
wife by beating (L-18).

wi no’me nima’-ulét, they have killed
my child (‘ils ont tué mon
enfant’’).

wi coko’n nima’-ul kahiyat tik’hu’, I
went to the place where they had
killed a beef.

nifi, ni’n (I), louse.

nif tsil (D.), ni® tsil (A. R.), small
lice, ticks (?); perhaps means
‘louse egg.”

nishtomam [nichtomam] or nishto-
mann [nichtomann], lizard (E.
D.) (cf. ma’kets).

nit, (1) ~~ thorn, “/(2)
(‘‘garofier’’).

nit (D-97, 148), nit, five (pronounced
like word for ‘‘thorn’”’); E. D.
nitt.

hika’t ni‘t ya’ ha’l coki’fi wi'(c), I
am five and a half feet (tall).

kako’k nicta’me nit, a five-rail
fence.

I kill

honey locust

92

lakla’ke nit, five dollars.
ni'tsém, five apiece, five to each.
ni‘tip, five times.
ni‘tip hipo’nso, fivefold.
halg niitt, fifteen (E. D.).
hehin nitt, fifty (E. D.).
no, spoon.
no, to whirl (?).
hi‘no, i‘no, whirlwind.
hino’ na’, it blows a whirlwind.
noha’me, no’hamec, domestic fowl,
chicken; E. D. tsi‘kilik.
noha’me a’‘yip, turkey, ‘‘chicken in
swamps” (L-5); E. D. skillig.
noha’me a’yip hatania’ns, wild tur-
key (‘‘un dinde’’).
no’hame hatpatspa’tsicat, the chick-
en is fluttering (poising for a
flight).
noha’me he’-u ca‘knima’-u, I kill
many chickens.
no’hame icom, little chickens.
no’‘hame kic, hen (I).
noha’'me ko’-ikit, the rooster crows
(I):
no’hame ku’, hen’s egg.
noha’me ku’-at, the hen is laying
eggs.
no’‘hame ku’ hinak, egg shaped.

noha’‘me ku’ ilu’ce, a boiled egg
(“ceuf bouilli’”’).

noha’me ku itsa’-i, fried eggs, ome-
let.

noha’me ku’ ko’p, white of egg.

noha’me kw’ ta’l, egg shell.

noha’me kw’ tat, yolk of egg, ‘‘yellow
of egg.”

noha’me ku’-ulat, hens laid eggs.

no’‘hame ca’kit’l, rooster, ‘‘male
fowl’ (I).

noha’me caku’at, hens lay eggs.

noha‘me utspa’xe, a setting hen.

ciwa’n noha’me cakcoco’meat, the
cat scared the chickens; sing. of
obj., coco’leat.

nok, arm, wing, fin; akna’k (A. R.);

E. D. and Ak,, nok [nock (C)], arm,
and perhaps appearing in Ak. word
for feather coknok [chocq nocq].

nok at, armpit (1).

noka-une’, no’ka-une (I), wing of
bird.

no’k ha’l, tail fin.

no’k kam, fin; pl. no‘k kamka’m.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

no’k kam, noka’m, shark, “‘fin stand-
ing out.”

no’k ko’tsti, left arm (I). |

no’k-na’-u, nokna’-u, hair on.armpit,

wing feather (I), feather; pl.
caknokna/-u he-u.

no’k nép, lower arm.

no’k o’ts, upper arm.

no’k cuk, elbow (I); Ak. seksa

{secsa] (‘‘coude’’).

no’k cuk ko’tsti, left elbow (I).

no’k cuk wo’cti, right elbow (I).

no’k te’-u, shoulder; Ak. est.

nok te’-u me’Imel, no’kte-u me’lmél
(IL-6), also nokte’-u mel and
nokte’-u, goose (tame and wild),
“shoulders (or ends of wings)
black” (‘‘dont les ailes sont
noires’’); E. D. enetst.

no’k wo’cti, right arm (I).

oko’tka-uc mAfi nd’k, coat sleeve.

wi no’k pu’k ne’c yalwa’‘nkinto, I am
going to carry an armful of wood.

nok, to lie down (plural) (ef. nul).
ti-u no’kicints, ti‘u nokicnts; they
lie down.
nox, horn.

no’x teka’me (I), no’x, téka’ms,
antlers, ‘‘many prongs.” ,

coko’m no‘’hik ima‘nkit, the cow
pushes with the horn.

co’kom nox (or nox), the horns of a
cow.

n’ox, ’n’o’, én’6’x (D), face paint, red;
E. D. 6‘fg.

hatiu’lco ’n’o’hik, they painted them-
selves red (I-24).

°n’o’ kuts, vermilion.

noxco’ or na’-uco, brier (of any kind).
(der. from ox(?)).

nol, means something connected with
the bank of the river, or a hill
along the river (cf. neklagg in
E. D.).

No‘lkop, a boy of Louison’s named
from the above; perhaps “‘ White
bank.”

nome (L-37, D—38a, 63, 65, 80, 99,
102), child (word used by both
sexes).

a’ nome, ha’ nome, these children.

ha cakno’me, her children (D-85).

hac no’me tanu’k ipu’ts ke, he has
but one child.

Shee |
SWANTON

ina‘ha no’me, or no’me pél, that
child far off.

ki‘cee no’me, little girls (‘‘petites
filles’’).

kic no’me he’-uc, a woman who has
many children.

ki‘c no’mc ke’-at i’ti ilu’, this woman
had a child last year.

na’ no’me ma, where is your child?

no’mesém, children alone (D-—107).

no’me tanu’k haihai‘e hi‘kit, a child
is coming down weeping.

no’me ta’nuk ipu’ts, but one child.

no’me temak itlo’pcetit, the children
kneel.

no’me wa’fi-haihai’ckit, the child is
weeping (I).

eakio’l nome, boys.

Tsaxta’ hakit no’me ica’t cakpalpa’‘l-
icat, the Choctaw flattened their
children’s heads.

to’ke no’me a*ka’mene,
children to play with.

wi no’me kaiwe’t, my child is dead.

wi no’me nima’-ulét, they have killed
my child (‘ils ont tué mon en-
fant’’).

wi no’me tsik cakitsyutsickinto, I
raise two children.

wi cakno’me, my children (D-64).

wi cakno’me waf-anka’mctit, my
children are playing (1).

ya’ no’me, those children out there.

non (?), to visit, to walk (pl. stem?).

haki‘'t ti’u cak’no’nhulet, they took a
walk, they went out (visiting).

cakno’nso, I (visit), go about, out of
doors (noi no’nso).

ti‘k cakno’nso te’m, I took a walk
yesterday out of doors.

ti‘u-sakio’ns iewa’ féhé, we will start
to go and visit (D-—46).

yu'kit tiu cak’nonststl, we take a
walk, we go outdoors.

no’o’ho, no’hoho, no’-oho (I), chestnut
(perhaps intended for chinkapin,
see na’-’); E. D. atsad.

ntsét, nsét, hicntset, issentset
brother.

haki’t ntsét, their brother.

ha ’ntsét, his (or her) brother.

hie’ntsét, brothers (L-21).

isséntsét he’-u, brothers.

na isséntsét, na icentset, thy brother.

ball for

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

93

naki’t ntsét, your (pl.) brother.
wi hicintsét hilai, my brother’s wife,
my sister-in-law.
wi icénsé’t, wi issintsét, my brother.
wi icénsét hidso’m, my younger
brother, ‘‘my small brother.”
wi icénsét yuds, wi isséntsét yids, my
elder brother.
yuki’t ntsét, our brother.
nté-i, to scare (see cd(l)).
wi nte’-ito, I frighten somebody.
wi coco’le hinte’hi ha’nulet (or
hi’nulet), they came near scaring
me to death.
nti’, ndi’ (1-5), nti’ (D-49), a’ndi,
catfish, and fish in general. There
seems to be considerable doubt
whether this word or ya’-u was the
generic term for fish, each ap-
parently having a specific as well
as a general application.
ndi’ caklu’c, ndi’ ca’klue (I), seales
of fish.
wie icu’l ndi’, I catch one fish;
cakicau’ (tsél), we catch them.
ntul, mouth (of river) (cf. ta, tohi,
and in).
ta’-i ndu’l, ta’-i ntu’l, mouth or pass
of a river.
nuk, self.
wi nu’k, myself (and I alone).
na nu’k, yourself (and you alone).
ha’ nu’‘k, herself, himself, by herself
or himself (D-89).
yu kit nu’k, yuki’t nu’k (D-108).
na’kit nu’k, yourselves.
ha’kit nu’k, themselves.
haki‘t tsik nu’k, their two selves.

hiku’ wi nu’k tik i‘ka ko’, I want to
make soup myself.

icak ha’ nuk, a man alone, ‘‘a man
himself.”’

we nuk hatkolkd’kco, we nu’k
atkolko’leo, I rub myself.

wi nu’k hatsa’mo, I bite myself.

wi nu’k hatinu’co, I hide myself.

wi nu’k hattsa’fico, I push myself.

wi nu’k ké’to, I stay by myself; pl.
tu’xtsél.

nul, to dwell, to live, to remain, to be

left, to lie (pl. of ke) (cf. nok).

a@ nep nun nulti‘hinst, (they) in-
habited villages in this bend (or
below here).

94

ickali’t-nu’l-wilwi‘lhiento, I rock a
child lying down.

nu'lip, left there; tixt, lying.

nul ka’t’n, when laying the founda-
tion and making a mill (D-136).

nul két, settled.

nu’! ta’mtin, when digging a founda-
tion (D-135).

nulti‘hinst (L-1, 2, 14), nultehi‘nst,
they lived, they were settled, they
inhabited.

nt‘nketntat, she lived (in a wooden
house).

nu’fi nulti‘hinst, to live in a village.

o’k-inu’‘lulat (D-125), okinu‘lulat (D-
114), they gathered (together).

pak-nu’lo, I leave a footprint;
pa’m-nu’lo, I leave many foot-
prints.

pam-inu'lulat, they left many foot-
prints.

pa’m nu'lip ti’xt, tracks of many
lying there.

pam-ti’xt inu’lulat, they left many
footprints lying there.

wi ya nu'ltihinst, I live or exist
there (“‘je vis 1a,’’ ‘‘j’existe 14’).

num, on the side (cf. ind’).

num tanu’k ite’wo, I ride on one

side.
nin, nin (L-1, 2), nu’ (L-14),

nu’n, nf” (I), village, town.

a’ nu’nkin, at this town (D-91).

ha nu’nkin, at her home (D-89).

kiwi’Ie nfi’/nki ica’két, I (or he) was
born in a village of whites.

niin-kétntat, she (or he) lived in the
village (D-74, 94).

nu’nkin, in a village, in villages
(D-30, 31, 53, 71).

nu’nkin ké’t’nto, I live in a village.

nuh nultehi’nst, they existed in
villages.

ndii ti’xt niin wa’fiu, I walk every-
where in the village.

ndii-u’c, nu’ii ue (1), big village, city,
town (‘‘ville’’), New Orleans.

nifi-u’cip coko’-i (or co’xko-i) kitsa’k
4’/m-kawét, the village judge was
drunk.

nti’/f-ue mo’n, the whole city.

nu’fi uc wa/fine, street.

tu’l nd, village on the (upper) lake
(‘‘ village sur le lac (supérieur) ’’).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

j
[BULL. 108 —

wi nu’fi o’t (or u’t) pa’-i hiti’c(t) ko,
I want to return home to my
village.

wi nai” u’ckin ke’ta, I stay in New
Orleans.

yuk’hi’ti nif héts, great Indian vil-
lage (hatanians may be added).

yuk’hi’ti nit hidso®’ (or hidso’m),
small Indian village.

o, 6, string, cord, rope; to thread; Ak.
ok. (but see ok).

ka’t kec 6, bridle, a rope of horsehair
made into a bridle.

kokokxic(t) 0’, fishline.

o héts, big cord.

o hidso®’, small cord.

o’ ko®-ma/nico, I take and stretch a
cord (‘‘je lai élongé’’).

té n 6, the bow and the string.

té 6, bowstring.

tolho’pe hokico’mik o*’yu (or o/ne
or o’fie), I thread a needle (“‘j’en-
file une arguille’’).

wi 0’ ko”’-ko’mico, I relax a rope (or
a cord) (1).

wi 0’ ko™-~ma/fico, I stretch a co
(I).

6, on the edge of, on the bank of, near
(ef. G’ci, on the edge of, which
indicates still greater nearness.)

aii ta’-i o’, the lodge is by the river
(I).

afi ta’-i o’at, the lodge was by the
river (I).

afi ta’-i o’tikit (or o’to or o’ta), the
lodge will be by the river (I).

ta’-i 0’, ta’-i 6 (D-45), by (or close
to), the river, on the bank of the
river.

wa fine o’, along the road.

6, o, to come; E. D. ohf (cf. mok and
na-u).

a’p o’k, come here!

a’v (or af or a’bx) ’n o’kén ick/’m-
(éhé), if you come here we will
drink.

eku’n nak o’ko, I have just arrived;
pl. na’-utsel and o’ktsél.

ha’ hi‘la-i a’v o’t’éhé, his wife will
come here.

hakit cakyi’kcta o’kulét, they came
for buying.

ha’ ko’-ita’ o’kat, he came for talking.

ha’ o’k hi-u’at, he came to see me.

SWANTON

GATSCH |

(h)a’ o’kit, he (or she) is going to
come (‘‘il (elle) va venir’’).

hio’k ax, I did not come (‘‘je ne suis
pas venue’”’).

hicoke’ cia, hioka’xcat, hicokécip hio’k
a’xcak, because I was sick I did
not come.

hiti we’, come with me!

(h)u’kak, u’k-ak, source, spring,
“water coming” (?); E. D. aggti-
hou.

iicak iko ko” ulet, or ha’‘kit icak
ko’ulet, they had a man arrested
(or seized) (iko given as meaning
“coming down,” but it may be
“‘wanted him” or ko® doubled).

ica’k ta’-ic o’kiX™ yukit né mo’n
ialpe’hiulét, strangers have come
and taken all our land.

Jack kaukau’ o’k &’mkit, or Jack
kaukau’ o’k 3’m’ne, Jack comes
here for drinking water.

John pu’m hik’hu'lkit, John is jump-
ing, John comes jumping (?) (D.
kakau’ itsi’(k) iwit, the sun rises,

the sun comes up.

ku’Itan okti’cat, a long time has
passed, a long time has come and
gone.

lo’xkin iwa‘t’n, he came on the prairie
(L-35).

md’m okti’cat, the mole came and
went, the mole has come by (‘fa
passé 14’).

na‘kit o’kt®@m make’ne, or na‘kit
o’kta make’-une, ye come for bar-
tering.

na o’t pu’nsat, they blow at you.

’no’kne, you to come (D-42).

nt?ha’ ike 6’k’n, ’nt’a’-ike 6k’n,
where do you come from?

nya -uta ’no’kne, I will wait for you
to come.

okhu’-ulat, they went to see them,
they visited them (D-122).

okhi’ ya, they came and looked at
him and (D-116).

o’kia’-uc, I can not come.

oki‘nat, he has come to hunt for (me).

okifiéat, he has come to hunt for
(something).

o’k ichu’, come and see us! (D-68).

o’k-iu’xts, I can come, I am able to
come

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 95

ok make’, to swap, ‘‘to come and
swap.”

6’kmé, to come (A. R.).

o’knto, come ye here!

ok’nu’xts a’, whether you can come
(D-42).

okeak’hu‘ulat, they went to see them,
they visited them (D-122).

okcékia‘lat, he came and arrested
them (D-148).

o’k ya, they came (0’ki&™ is a wrong
form).

o’k ya pe’neat, he came and cured
(D-56).

ol ictiwe ok, come with me! come
near me!

0'1 i’wat, it comes nearer.

ol ’n o’kén icti’uéhé (or ti’une), if
you come near we will start.

o’n, come here! (‘‘viens ici!’’).

ot, at (said to be derived from this
stem).

pai-o’k, pa’-i 6’k, come back! (‘‘viens
done!’’), coming back (D-76).

cakiko’mta o’ko, I come for fishing
(cakiko’m and cakiko’mne can also
be used).

co’kai ’n-o’t ha’xcnan, why do you
not come here? (o’t=this way).

cukia’xta ok’n, you come for eating.

cu’kike tu’ iwat, the boat (or canoe)
comes from below (‘‘la pirogue va
venir d’en bas’’).

tsanu’k wi o’t iwat, the horse comes
toward me.

te’wike tu’ iwat, the boat (or canoe)
comes from above (‘‘la pirogue va
venir d’en haut’’).

u’‘k a’‘mta, come to drink!

wi hitét hio’kn& o’fic, my father does
not want me to come.

wi kin pa‘i o’kta John tewé, I will go
home with John (I).

wi o’k na’-u ca, I ask them to come,
wi ok caki‘nu, I let somebody come.

wi o’ko, I come.

wi o’t pu’nsat, they blow at me.

wi pai’ o’ko, I return home.

wi payo’ko, wi pai’ o’ko, wic pai
iwat, I return, I come back.

ya icak akipai-i’‘ke dt, this man
comes from the south.

ya’ i’cak hiki’ke ot, this man comes
from the west (hikike=hike-ike).

96

-O

of

ya’ i’cak ho’lcike dt, this man comes
from the north.

ya’ icak to’like Ot, this man comes
from the east.

ya’-u ti‘’k-hi’ok’n, wait till I come!

yi'l iwa‘t’n, in the daytime he came
(L-36).

yu kit hatu’xtsicta o’kit, we come for
learning.

yuki't pai’ d’ktsen, we return home.

yu'le io’-i ok’ nuxts a, send me word
whether you can come or not!

yule caki’n o’k, a written invitation
to come to visit (D—42 (title)).

a ogghe, a okghé, he comes (E. D.).

» “U, subjective pronominal suffix of
the first person.

hatpe’-o, I am ready.

hi’cu, I plant.

pa’lu, I break or split.

pa’mco, I have beaten.

pathi‘co, I close.

wi pa’mico, I throw away.

wi pa'tso, I squeeze.

wi penio, I have healed him.

wi pico, I make crooked.

g, oofg, red (E. D.) (see ’n’ox).

oi, o-i, to sleep; E. D. oi; Ak oit(e)

[oyte].

eti’ a’ o’yu, yesternight I slept here.

oi ti’xt, he lies asleep.

o’-i yo’x, they lie asleep.

wi oi’, I sleep.

yuki't o’-ita, we will sleep (‘‘nous
dormirons’’).

yuki’t tiuo’-ilo, let us go to sleep
(“‘allons dormir’’) (ti—u, going).

o-i, to send.

ok, o’ka,

cakyu‘le cako’-i ayi’l, a letter sent
to-day.

cakyu’'le cako’-i ha’, a letter not sent.

cokiu‘le o’-iu (or o’-yu), I sent him a
letter.

cokiu’le cako’-i-u, I sent them a
letter.

wic o’-i, I am sending.

yu'le io’-i o’k ’nu’xts a’ ’n ta’nat ’n
a’, send me word whether you can
come or not (D-48).

oka’ (D-121), to weave
(‘‘faire au métier’’), blanket, cloth,
etc. (possibly compounded of o,
cord, and ka, to make).

ho’kicom tii’ke, a spool (‘‘une pelote
de fil’).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

hu’i okotko’me, hu’i otka’-uc, under-
shirt.

ithe’ okyu’'l, neckerchief,
handkerchief,’”’ necklace(?).

ka’-ico okotka’-uc, I mend a shirt.

kako’k tim, picket fence.

ki‘n hico okotka’-uc, ki’ fixico okotka’-
uc, I have ironed a shirt.

kidso’ne wi ukutka’-uc ma‘fikin te-
ho’p la’wat, the fire burnt a hole
in my coat.

ku’ts oki’-ya’-u, red flag.

o’ka ko’p, white cloth (D).

oketa [oqueta], a covering (Ak.).

oketasen [oquetasenne], pants (Ak.).

ok’hi‘a, ok’hia’, sail (of a boat).

ok hidsa’m, a double (or thick)
blanket (I).

o’ki ka’n (I), or o’ki ka, canvas (kan,
“is made’’).

o’kin, in a blanket (D-—126).

okico’m afiiena, wax (‘‘cire’’), ‘‘to
grease thread.”

okico’m, hokicdm (A. R.), thread,
(‘perhaps from ok and icdm’’).

okmesl [ocqmesle], a blue or black
covering (Ak.) (Rivet has ‘‘white-
or black’”’ but I adhere to the New-
berry Library copy for obvious
reasons.)

o’kok, fence (L), (see kak).

o’kotka-uc, okotka’-uc (1), shirt; pl.
okotko’me (from ok, ‘‘cloth,’’ ot
“for,” ka-uc, ‘‘with?’’).

okotka’-uc hatpa’ts imi‘cinto, I will
wash shirts for myself (D says this
is wrong).

okotka’-uc (i)nte’ tsixl (or tsu’l),
shirt collar.

“neck

okotka’-ue i’cak he’-u cakcopats
(h)imi’cinto, I wash shirts for
others.

okotka’-uc ke’-upa’tsnto, I wash a
shirt.

okotka’-uc ko® ina’-u tsa’xk, take
back a shirt for it is dry! (‘‘rentre
une chemise, elle est séche’’).

o’kotka-uc maf, oktka’-uc mai,
coat, overcoat, “‘long shirt.’

o’kotka-uc ma‘fi hd’pe, coat button-
hole.

okotka’-ue ma‘/fi ko’m-tat, an over-
coat hanging, an overcoat hung
up (lit. standing erect).

oko’tka-uc maf nd‘k, coat sleeve.

GATSCHET
SWANTON,

okotka’-uc mdk, waistcoat,
“short shirt’’ (I).

okotka’-uc nte’ tsu’l, shirt collars.

okotka’-uc pa’tsémo, I wash a shirt;
pl. okotko’me ca‘kpa‘tsémo.

okotka’-uc tsa’ki-u, I dry a shirt.

okotko’me catki‘fhico, I iron many
shirts.

o’k yu’l, handkerchief, also any
striped cloth.

vest,

ok yul hokin (L), handkerchief,
“‘striped cloth.”

okyu/lik, with a handkerchief
(D-121).

o’k yul ickim, shawl, ‘‘broad hand-
kerchief’’ (1).

sakio’l-cukoke’, pants.

ca’ ta™ ha’ okotka’-uc pa’‘tsémo, I
wash one shirt for another (per-
son).

tsa’kina-u okotka’-uc, I dry a shirt
(2)

tolho’pe hokicd’mik oyu (or d’ne
or 0 fie), I thread a needle (‘‘j’enfile
une arguille’’).

tu’ ci’l ok’hia’ ké, the schooner has a
sail.

wi ke’-u-hoka’kinto, I sit weaving (1).

wi ke’-u okcoka’‘kinto, I weave many
things (perhaps from ok, “cloth,”
cok, ‘‘things,’ ka, ‘‘to make,”
-kinto, suffix).

wi okakinto, or wic ke’-u-hoka’kinto,
I weave.

wi okotka’-uc ke’-u-pa’tsnto, I wash
a shirt (1).

wi okotka’-uc-ma‘ii li’‘ke, my coat is
used, my coat is worn out.

wie okotka’k ikiliikic (given as wi
cokotka’k ikili’kic), I soak the
cloth.

ya okotka’-uc_ ko’n-ina’-u,
that shirt inside! (1).

oke, cheek; E. D. okst [ockst].

o’ke al, cheek.

o’ke al atku’tsicne, red paint for
cheeks.

ox, 6x, sharp, thorny (see noxco’).

kudsni’n o’x, a sharp knife; pl.
kudsnin o’xox.

na’-u oxox, na-u o’hox
na’-u oho, chinkapin,
bristles.”

OXO’X, O’xo’x, briars.

bring

(L-8),
“thorny

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

97

6l, 5’/1 (D-63), near, close, near to
(‘‘prés de’’) (pronounced nearly
like word for ‘‘sweet’’).

a Ol, near here, pretty near, close by.

hakit 0’1 caktiwé, close to them.

hina’ka O’la, (it is) as near as that
(‘‘si proche que ¢a’’).

kakau’ itsi’xné 6’1, the sun is on the
point of culminating, the sun is
soon going to culminate.

nén 6/1, nearly home (D—108).

dlhika’-u, Iam hungry, ‘‘I am on the
point of dying”’ (?).

dlhika’-u ha’, 1am not hungry.

ol isktiwe ok, do not stay behind!
come with me!

dl i’ wat, it comes nearer.

0’ dl ’n icti’‘hu ti’éhé (or tiune), when
you are near we will start.

61 ’no’kén icti’uéhé (or ti’une), if you
come near we will start.

cko’pol, soup bowl, any large-sized
bowl (see ckop).

wai o’l, near the stone.

dl’, sweet.

ko’nin O/lol, kon&’n old/l (1-4),
sweetpotatoes; sing. ko’nin 06'1.

neck 6l, nick 6l, sugar.

ne’ ckol-ak, nick-0l-ak, molasses.

ne’ck-ol ti, neek-ul tu, nick-ol tu,
ne’c koltu’ (1), ne’c kotu’, ne‘e
kultu’, sugarcane.

ne’ckoltu li‘lin&’, sugar press, sugar
mill.

ne’c ta’l 6/1, cinnamon (‘‘cannelle’’).

ne’c ta‘l 6’) ina’k, cinnamon color.

cu’ kwak olo’l, cu’kuak olo’l, cu’/kuak
0'1 (D), cake, “‘sweetbread.”’

cukwak idso® (o)lol, pie,

‘*sweet small bread.”

, 61 (L-8), persimmon, plaquemine.

ki’wile 6/1 (I), kiwile Gl’, apple
(‘‘ French persimmon”).

ki’ wile 6'1 ne’c, apple trees (L-3).

o'l-tu’ko wi a’fi ot, o'l ti’k’ho wi ai
ot, I bring home a persimmon.

ofi (L), grass; E. D. ognn (C), eggn (P).

of ho’mhom, prairie chicken (I) (see

enkewict).

of il, a serpent striped green and
yellow.

o fi-lau’kit, the grass burns.

of tsax, of tsa’xk, dry grass, hay,
straw.

cake,

’

ol

98 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

ofi tat, grass green; E. D. onntatat.
of yan, herb green, 3d green (o’m
yan, (incorrect)).
oni (or o’ngi) (said not to contain o,
cord).
hatakin&”™ o’fii, a cord or string of
beads.
o”uc,
paihe’ts 0®’uc, too big [it is?] (‘trop
grand’’).
one,
orc, to dislike, not to want.
wic iofic, I do not want; past
hio’ficat; future hio’fictikit.
nac ’no’fic, you do not want.
yuki't ico’fic, we do not want;. past
ico’ ficat.
naki’t nako’fic, you (pl.) do not want.
hakit cakofic, they do not want.

kiwi'le yuki’'ti cako*’cil, the whites
do not like the savages.

pakna’-u wa’‘nnin hio’fiic, I do not
want you to run about.

wi hitét hio’kni o’fic, my father
doesn’t want me to come.

oc [osh], beard (E. D.).

Gc, o’ci, d’ci (L-2), the bank, edge,
border, rim (closer than 6 (q. v.)).

ta’-i dc, or ta’-i o’ci, on the bank of
the river, edge of bank of river.

ta’-i o’ci tikua’nts, I walk on the
banks of a river.

ta’-i 0’c talanka’-u, the bank of the
river is sloping.

wai O6’ci, on the edge of the stone.

wa fine 6’ci, along the road.

ots, tooth; also grain (distinct from
uts, point); E. D. ods; Ak. hos.

kapi’ dts, coffee grains.

ots ha‘/lkin, back teeth.

ots itkin, front teeth.

o’ts hehe’xkit, my teeth are aching;
ots he’xkit, my tooth is aching.

o’ts héc, toothache (I).

o’ts tsi, jaw, jawbone, ‘‘toothbone.”’

tsa’ ts d’ts, walnut.

wi o’tse he, I have toothache.

tso’-ots o’ts ta’nuk, one grain of
corn.

Sts, ots (L-41; D-144), otsi (L-11;
D-121), o’tse (D—94), up, high, on,
on top of, above (cf. itse’).

a’fi Sts, on the top of the house.
a®’d’tsi, roof of a house.

[BULL. 108

hatutska’-ucne, veil over the face
of a child at birth, caul (ka-u, to
cover).

hi‘cat o’ts he’xkit, the top of the
head is smarting.

Inkili’c ta’-i o’ts, on English Bayou
(D-94).

icak o’tsi pa’ko, I strike a man high.

it utska’-uc, face covering (D-120).

it utska’-uculat, they covered its
face over (D-120).

kakau’ ita’ns utskau’cat, the sun is
clouded over (or covered).

kaukau’ o’ts, on the water.

kaukau’ o’tsep, high water, high
tide.

na’ a fic O’tsip, your house is high.

na’ afi o’'tskin, your house is high
(he’-u added for plural).

né mak o’tsip ti’cta John tewé(ta),
I will go to the mountain with
John (1).

né mak o’tsip ti’cta wi itét tewe’ta,
I will go to the mountain with my
father (I).

né ots, on the (dry) ground.

nec kaukau’ o’tse po’le-wa/nkit,
wood floats in the water (I).

noha’me utspa‘xe, a setting hen, ‘‘a
hen upon nesting’’?

nok o’ts, upper arm.

o’dse ko’-ikinto, I speak loud.

o’tsi ya’ o’ts pu’nso, I blow over the
surface of (queried by L).

O’tsotat, Otso’tdt (1), (from o’tsiot
tat, ‘‘standing overhead’’), God.

O’tsotat id], God’s Son, Christ.

Otsota’tot, Utsuta’tut (L-14, 15), to
Otsotat, to God.

coxko’yat Ta’‘kapa o’tse, he was
chief over the Atakapa (D-98).

cukeo’c a” o’tse ka’-uts, the bird
flies over the house.

tsanu’k ots, on a horse.

ta’-i o’tsi wa'lcti, bridge over a
river.

ta’-u-hatwi’ninto Otsota’t 5’t, ta’-u-
hatwéni (or hatwéninto) Otsota’t
ot, I pray to God.

tik-po’tsico’ o’tsot, I shoot an arrow
up perpendicularly.

wai ots, on the stone.

wi kato’ o’dsi, my upper lip.

wi ca itu’lo tsanu’k o’ts, I put some-
body on a horse (D).

eee
SWANTON

wi teyo’ cukite-uka’ne o’ts ne’-u, I
put the box on the chair (D).

wi utska’-uco, I cover something
over.

w0'l kica’fi o’dsi, upper eyelid (1).

wo c ots, back of hand.

yuki't itét o’tsi tat, Our Father who
art in heaven.

yuki't ta-uhatwi’ni Otsota’t ot, we

pray to God.
otse’, utse’, odse’, snake; EH. D.
natkoi.

a’ o’dse, this snake.

kau‘kau otse’, water snake (I).

noha’me o’tse, chicken snake.

odse’ a, snake here.

odse’ hiki tsa’wét, a snake has bitten
me.

otse’ hatcima’1két, a snake coiled up
(két, sitting).

otse’ he’-u ci‘utiutit, the snakes go

crawling.

otse’ hiwe’-u, rattlesnake, ‘‘ powerful
snake.”’

otse’ ci’ukit (and ci’u), the snake
crawls.

o’tse cokte’-i hadie’c, snake venom.

otse’ talko’p, the blue racer, ‘‘blue
snake.”’

otse’ wo’cém, the snake is hissing (I).

otse’ yu’l, garter snake, ‘striped

snake.”

ci‘u tsat otse’, the snake goes crawl-
ing.

utse’ mél, water moccasin, ‘‘black
snake.”’

Utse’x ta’-i, Serpent Bayou (now
known by another name).
ya’ odse’, that snake.
ya’ otse’ ci’u, the snake crawls; pl, ci’u.
St, terrapin.
ot (L-41; D-102, 104, 126, 142), ut
(L-12; D-28, 31, 142), toward,
for, to, at (Gatschet derives this
from the verb 6, to come; it is
said to be pronounced almost like
the word meaning ‘‘terrapin’’).
wi’ ot, for me; na’ o’t, for you; ha’
ot, for him; yuki’t o’t, for us;
naki’t o’t, for you (pl.); haki’t
o’t, for them, to them (D-86).

a’knax te’-u o’t, a’knax te’ wat, up-
stream, where current comes from.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 99

a‘flut micke, around the house.

ha’ ot mi‘cat, he gave him.

ha’ yu’kit ot iemi’cat, he gave to us.

ica’k o’t cak’ha’yu, I laugh at (many)
persons (‘‘je ris de (beaucoup de)
persons’’).

mafic ot yu'l(yul), striped horizon-
tally (as lines on ruled paper).

ne’e nét hi’ko (or ne ti’ko), I climb
down from the tree (nét=né o’t).

okotka’-uc m4’fi, overcoat (see ok).

okotka’-uc ma‘fi ko’m-tat, an over-
coat hung up, an overcoat hanging
up (lit. standing erect).

ol tu’ko wi afi ot, ol ti’k’ho wi
afi ot, I bring home a persim-
mon.

cakicak ut, of the relations (D—28).

tsanu’ke la’-ak i’ti tsat cu’lut iye’
lak, the horse is going ahead of
the dog.

tsanu’ke me’ts i‘ti cu’lut iye’mets,
the horse is taller than the dog.

tsanu’k(e) cu’l o’t iye’ méts, the
horse is taller than the dog.

tsanu’k cu’l o’t iye’ 1a’k patna’-u,
the horse runs more swiftly than
the dog.

tsanu’k wi o’t iwat, the horse comes
toward me.

tawatwe’nat Utsuta’tut, they prayed
to God (‘‘The-one-above’’) (otsi+
ot-+tat, standing overhead).

tu’l o’t nti’cné, you must go to the
lake.

tu’l ta’yut (or ta’-i o’t) iye’ ka’e,
the lake is deeper than the river.

Utsuta’tut, to God (L-14, 15).

wi ha’ o’t mico, I gave him.

wi nu’ fi o't (or u't) pa‘i hiti’c(t) ko,
I want to return to my village.

wi okét tsi’peat Tsa’yon ne’ ot, my
mother removed to Texas (or
Mexico).

wi’ okotka’-uc ma’fi ko’ma-u, I hang
up an overcoat; pl. cak-komna’-u.

wie mai o’t 4’m’o, I drink all the
time.

wic ca’ ot ke’-ucakiu’lckinto, I am
going to write for somebody, I
write for somebody.

ya ica’k o’t ha’yuet, he has laughed
at this man (‘‘il a ri de cet hom-
me’’).

100

ya ki‘c kanyt’c ya’ icak ut (or o’t)
yilké, that young woman marries
that man.

ya tsi’k o’t cakiye’ lak, he is the
stronger of the two.

yuk’hi'ti tu’l o’t, to Indian Lake
(D-95).

yuki't a’fi ot tu’kto, we will fetch it
home.

yu ki’-ipaxe o’t, striped horizon-
tally.

(ot)kine,
wi oké’'t itso” o’tkine’at, my mother
was next to the youngest (D—98).
otts, beaver (E. D.) (cf. ots, tooth).
-p, -xp, -f, -v, a locative suffix. It is
uncertain which of the forms given
is nearest the original.

ap, af, av, here, at this place.

af ok, come here!

ha hila’-i a’fét, his wife was here.

ha’kit ica’tif hati‘’dsom, they placed
on their heads.

hiwe’-uka a’ mif, on account of drink-
ing hard.

Jack a*la’kin inho’lcilat a’mif, on ac-
count of drinking hard Jack was
put in jail.

tik axp pem, shoot (your) arrow
right here!

pa, pa’k, nest, probably “‘hollow”’.
itsak pa’, anthill (‘‘nid de fourmi’’).
mifi pa, bee’s nest; also given as
se wax td

noha’me utspa’‘xe, a setting hen, ‘‘a
hen upon nesting”’ (?).

cakcd’c pa, nest of bird.

cukco’c pa’ ne’ckin, the bird’s nest
is in the tree.

tamhe’-uc ha’ pa’‘kin ta’mtsat, the
spider goes into its nest.

pa, mortar.

ne’c pa’, wooden mortar (1).

ne’c pa’ wak, wooden pestle (I).

pa’ wak, pestle (‘‘pilon’’).

wai’ pa’, stone mortar (I).

wai pa’ wak, stone pestle (I).

pa-i, to return, to turn, again, back
(‘de retour’’).

akipa’-i, ‘‘where the sun turns”
(A. R.), the south.

akipa’-ike icak, a southern man.

akipa’-iu ti’cta, Iam to travel to the
south.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

haco kotke’ ho’p paiha’l, his pants
have holes in the seat (‘‘les panta-
lons sont fendus par derriére’’).

icik ‘ paitolto’luc, many generous
men, ‘‘many too good men.”’

icik paito’luc, a generous man,
too good man.”

i‘tsixt katpa’-ict, afternoon, ‘‘return-
ing from culminating.”

kitsak paihe-uc 4’mét, I made myself
drunk, ‘‘I drank too much
whisky.”

*nhi i‘nat, hatna’xka pa’-ihiticnina,
you have sent to find (or bring)
me; how can I return? (“‘tu m’as
envoyé chercher; comment puis-je
retourner?’’).

pa’-i a’ke (or pa-i), back (D-110).

paiha’l, pai‘hal (1), behind, the
buttocks.

pai hatna’xuc, too little.

paihé’ts 0®’uc, too small.

paihe’ts u’c, too large.

pa’-i he’u-fi’c, pa’-i he’-uc, too much.

pa’-i (h)iti’cko, I want to go (home),
I ought to leave (or depart).

pa’-i mo’hat, she came back home
(D-109).

pa’-id’k, come back! (‘‘viens done!”’),
coming back (D-76).

pa’-i tic, go back! (‘‘va t’en done!”’).

pa-ito’lucat, he was too good (D-
104).

paya’ke imd’culat, they buried it
again (D-136).

cak’konpa’yo, I turn over (pl. of
obj.).

tik’pa’yat, she turned back (D-107).

wi atpa’-i, I turn something around.

wi ipin payo’ket (or pa-i o’két), my
cousin has returned.

wi kin pa‘i o’kta John tewé, I will go
home with John (1).

wi nu‘fi o’t (or u’t) pa’i hiti’c(t) ko,
I want to return home (or to my
village).

wi payo’ko, wi paio’ko, wic pai iwat,
I return, I come back.

ya’ icak akipai-i‘ke 6t, this man
comes from the south.

yuki't pa’i 6’ktsen, we return home,
‘“we come back home.”’

pa-i,
pu‘n pa’-ico, I blow off.

Stig

GATSCHET
SWANTON

pa-i, to open (cf. pak).

a’nkat pa’-ict, a®’ kat pa’-ic, open the
door! (t often suppressed).

a’nkat pa’-ic na’-ulat, they left the
door open (D-123).

ko®pa’-ico, I draw out, I pull out (?).

cokiu‘le pa’-ico, I opened a letter;
pl. cakpa‘ico.

te’tk atpa’-ic, the flower opens out.

4] hopa’i, butcher, ‘‘one who divides
meat,”’ ‘‘one who cuts from each
other.”’

-wi hopa’yu, hokpa’yu (?), I divide,
I cut up meat (‘‘je partage’’).

pa’-ict, chopping implement.

pa‘ict hé’ts, pa’-ict e’ts, big chopper,
ax.

pa’ict hidso””’, little chopper, hatchet.

wi ne’c pa’-icik ta’mco, I split with
an ax.

pak, footprint (of man or animal),

track, step; pl. pam (cf. pakna’-u).

kic tanu’k ta’xn ot ikat pa’két, one

woman stepped on the foot of
another (D-142).

lu’ pampa’mcé, to tramp around in
the mud.

pa’k né’p két, footprint (?) (human
or animal track (I)), ‘‘a footprint
lying there.”

pak nu’lo, I leave a footprint; pl.
pam.

pa’m inu’lulat, they left many foot-
prints.

pa’m nu ‘lip ti’xt, tracks of many men
lying there.

pa’mtampne, stairs, steps, ‘“‘for as-
cending’”’ (I).

pa’m ti’xt inu’lulat, they left many
footprints lying there.

ca’keéc pa’m, bird tracks.

ta‘-i pa’ mici’ko, I ford a river on foot.

wi ikat ’npa’kat, you stepped on my
feet (D-—1438).

wi pa’mtampne ta’mo, I ascend the
stairs.

pak, to strike, to beat, to hit, to slap
(pl. pam. (q. v.)).

anpa’ke, a’npake, a mouse, “flapping
ears.”’

anpa’kc héts, a rat, ‘‘big ear flapper.”

ha’ hipa’kat, I give him a slap (‘‘je
donne un soufflet 4lui’’).

{cak ne’kin pa’‘ko, I strike a man low
down.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

101

icik o’tsi pa’ko, I strike a man high
up.
ka’‘t o’ts pa’két, she slapped her on
the mouth (D—144).
ku‘ts-pa’pico ne’c, I chop the tree
down.
ne’cik hipa’kat, he hit me with a
club (?).
pa‘kat, pa’két, a slap, a kick, a hit
(‘fun soufflet’’).
eciwa’n anpa‘ke_ ko’nkit,
catches the mouse.
co’ pa‘ke cd’pake, palpitation of the
heart, the heart is beating.
wecik hipa’kat, he hit me with a club,
he clubbed me.
wi a’n pa‘kco, I flap my ears.
wie kuts-pa’kico, I chop the tree
down, ‘“‘I cut it with blows.”
wi co’ pa’‘ke hika’, I have palpitation
of the heart.
pak, to throw (cf. pam) (he hit and
threw them?).
pak-cakpa’kicat, they (he) threw
them (into the lake) (D-146).
pa‘kan, pecan.
pa’kan néc, paka’n ne’e (I), pecan
tree.
pakna’-u, to run (perhaps from pak,
“‘footstep,’”’ and na’-u, ‘‘to arrive’’;
ef. akna).
hiwe’-uka pakna’-u, I run hard.
i‘ti pa’kna’-u, I run before (some-
thing following me at about equal
speed).
John pakna’-u tsat, John is running
(I).
pakna’-u, I run.
pakna’-u wa’‘n nan hio’fic, I don’t
want to run about.
cu'l pakna’-u ti’k ya’ pu’x hatipa’‘ts-
icat, the dog runs and turns a
somersault.
tsanu’k pakna’-u tsat, the horse is
galloping fast.
tsanu’k cu’l o’t iye’ 1a’k patna’-u,
the horse runs swifter than the
dog.
ti-u’xts pakna’-u, I run slowly.
wi né-yu’ckin pakna’-u ti’co, I run
across a field.
paktsa‘ke, pa‘ktsake (I), paktsa’xc,
pa‘ktsaxc, hickory.
pa’ktsaxe hope, squirrel,
holes in hickory nuts.”

the cat

“making

102

pa’ktsa’ke né’c, pa’dsake nec, pa’ds-
axcne’c, pa’ ktsa’xc née, hickory tree.
pa’tsal-cbpe (L-7), pa’ksal-co’pe,
patcatso’ (A. R.), shortened forms
of the word for “‘squirrel.”’
pax, to listen.
cok atpa’xe ha’ke, he doesn’t listen.
to’lka ’npa’xcén, to’lka-anpa’xcén,
(imperative) listen well! (‘‘écoute
bien!’’).
to’‘lkat a’tpaxe, listen
cakatpa’xe! (ye).
pax, thin, flat; E. D. paac [paash], slim,
lean (see pal).
ale paxe, thin ice.
icak pa’xe; (pl.) pa’xpaxsh, a slender
or lean man.
icit pa’xco (L.), ica’tkin pa’keo, I
flatten the head (of a child) (said
not to have been an Atakapa
custom).
pax (L), pa’xé (D—42), seven; E. D.
paghu or pagho [paghou, paghé,
payghou].
pa’xwip, seven times (L).

well! (pl.)

hallg paghu, seventeen (KE. D.).

hehin pagho, seventy (HE. D.).

hehin poon pagho, seven hundred
(E. D.).

paxts,
mi-inpaxts, ménpaxts, mifpa’xts,
rainbow; (mi-in said to mean

“weak”’); E. D. mi-inpanst.
pal, to break, to split (cf. tsa(I)).

a™]a’k pa‘li yanta’-ulét, a™’lak pa’l-
hi ya’ nta’-ulat, they have broken
out of the prison and left (‘‘ils ont
eassé la prison et l’ont sorti (ceux
enfermés) ’’).

néc pal, ne’c pal, (1) ashingle, board,
plank, (2) wagon, cart (said in one
place to signify “flat board,’’and
if this is correct pal, “flat,” is
related to this stem) ; pl. néc pa‘Ipal.

née pa’l hidso*, ni’c pa’l hidso™,
(1) small board, (2) carriage,
buggy (‘‘voiture’’).

nec-pa'l idso™’ kin, in a buggy (D-46).

nec-pa’lkin to’hio, I got into a wagon,
I entered a wagon.

ne’c pa’] lumlu’mic(t), ni’c pa’l lum-
lu’mic(t), wheel, ‘‘turning board.”

ne’c-pa’l lJumlu’mckit, the wheel
turns.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

ne’cpa’l ne’kin tlo’p ta’t, a post
driven into the ground.

ne’c palpa’l a’nkin, in a plank house
(D-74).

nec pa’lpal hidso’m, (1) small cypress
shingles, small boards, (2) carriage,
buggy.

wi ka’-uene pa’l’u, I break a comb;
wi ka’-ucne pa’lpal’u, I break a
comb in different places.

wi ko" pa’to (L), wi ko" pa’lo, I have
taken and broken it (‘‘je l’ai pris

et cassé’’).

wi to’hia nespa’lkin, I get into a
carriage.

ya’ ka-ucnd’ pa’lat, this comb is
broken.

ya’ ka-ucni’ palpa’l, ya’ ka’-uc pa’l-
pal, this comb is broken, this
comb all broken.

pal, flat, level, even; pl. pa‘lpal (ef.
pax and pal (to split)).

cixtpa’l, cikpa‘l, ci‘ct pa’l, i’epal, a
bowl, a stone jar, a pot, a plate,
a dish, an oven(?).

cixt pa’l héts, ci’ct pa’l he’ts, icpal
he’ts, a great bowl.

cixtpal mafi, ‘‘a long plate.”

Tsa’xta aihina’k icatkifi capa‘icita’-
ha, they did not flatten their heads
like the Choctaw (L-8).

Tsaxta’ hakit no’mce ica’t cakpalpa’1-
icat (sing. pa’‘lc), the Choctaw
flattened their children’s heads
(D-38a).

yuk’hi'ti ka hicpa’l, Indian made
dishes.

yuki'tic no’me ica’tkin pa‘tit (or
pa'ltit) ha, the Atakapa did not
flatten the heads of their infants

(L-37).

Pa’Inal, a chief on Middle Lake
(L-16, 17).

pam, to beat (pl. of pak (q. v.)); E. D.
pamm.

ha icat pa’mlike mon, his head
entirely mashed by pounding
(L-19).

hila’yi ta’xnik pa’mat, his other wife
beat him (L-17).

John co’xko-i pam-nema’-at, John
beat the chief and then killed him,
John killed the chief by beating.

ko" hipa’mulét, I was seized and
beaten.

cron |
SWANTON

Palna’] hila’-i wa’ci kic pa’m nimat,
Palnal’s wife, the old woman,
beat him to death (L-18).

Pa/Inal hila’-i wa’ci pam-nimat, Pal-
nal’s oldest wife beat him to
death (L-17).

pam (h)okpa’miculat, they knocked
each other down with their fists
(D-145).

pa’mkamne, hammer.

tiu-pa’mtét né’cik, they are going to
beat with a club.

wan-cakpa’mkox, she went around
desiring to beat them (D-79).

wi hite’t hika pa’mét, my father
beat me.

wi hite’t hiko™ hipa’mét, I was seized
and beaten by my father.

wi pa’m eto’lco (or hito’lco), I have
beaten and shaped, I have pre-
pared (or arranged) by beating.

wi pa’mco, I have beaten, I have
struck, I beat, I strike.

pam, to throw, to sow.

wi pa’mico, I throw (‘“‘je jette’’),
I throw away; (pl.) cakpa’mico.

wi tso’-ots pa’mic, I sow Indian
corn.

pa mhoka’-i, cocklebur (large) (see
tsipal).
pan, paxn, pa”, to shut, to close.
a’nkat-mo’k pa”™hico (or pa’xnico),
I close the window; pl. cakpa’xn-
ico.

a” kat pa‘hict (or pa™ ict or pa’xnic),
shut the door! (t often suppressed).

a”’katpans, (1) window, (2) shut the
door!

a’npance, deaf, ‘‘ears closed.”

kic a’‘npanc, a deaf woman (1).

kic iku’nyuds a’npanc, a deaf girl
(I).

icak a’npanc, a deaf man (1).

ic&k iku’nyuds a’npanc, a deaf boy
(i):

wi w0’c hatpa’xnico, I clasp my
hands.

pats (perhaps from pan or pic).

a’tpatsné, shield, protector(?) (D-
131).

pac, cover.

kaka’-u iwe’ve pic, cover of watch.

ci’xt péc, lid or covering of kettle
(‘‘couvercle de la chaudiére’’).

w0l pa’e, eyelid.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

103

pats, to wash.
okotka’-uc hatpa‘ts imi‘cinto, I will
wash shirts for myself.
okotka’-uc hatpa’tsico, I wash shirts

for myself.

okotka’-ue i’cak he’-u_ cakcopats
(h)imi’cinto, I will wash shirts for
others.

okotka’-uc ke’-u pa’tsnto, I wash a
shirt (2).

okotka’-uc pa’tsémo, I wash a shirt;
pl. okotko’me ca’kpa’tsémo.
ca’k ’neu’pats hi’mic ti’kit, who is
going to wash for me? (‘‘qui va
laver pour moi?’’).
ca‘ta" ha’ okotka’-uc pa’‘tsémo, I
wash one shirt for another.
wi okotka’-uc_ ke’-u-pa‘tsnto,
washing a shirt (I).
pats, to whip.
hipa’tso, he whipped me.
icpa’ts ha‘hat, he did not whip us
(D-103).
pa’tsic, a whip (I).
wi pa ts, I whip (wi ca’kpats, pl.
of obj. (not pa’ tspats)).
pats, to flutter.
hatipa’tsic, a somersault (I).
no’ hame hatspatspa tsicat, the chick-
en is fluttering, or flapping its
wings, poising for a flight.
pa‘tspats (word used in the Hiyekiti
or eastern dialect), wind, air;
(some copies of the Duralde
manuscript have palspals, evident-
ly an error).
cul pakna’-u ti‘k ya’ pu’x hati-
pa’tsicat, the dog runs and turns
a somersault.
wi puhatsipa’tsica, I turn a somer-
sault (‘‘je fair la culbute’’).
pats,
wi pa’tso, I squeeze (as an orange).
pa'tite’-u, cotton (cf. te’-ute-u, rice,
and no’k). ‘
pa’ tite’-u hi’c, cotton plant.
pa’ tite’-u co’, cottonseed.
wi pa tite’-u hi’cu, I plant cotton.
pa-u, to swing, to whirl (cf. pats).
atpa’-uctit, swinging themselves (pl.
subj.).
hatpa’ wicinto, I am going to balance
myself.
hatpa’wicne, a swing (I).
kaukau’ hatpa’-u, the water eddies.

I sit

104

pa’-u, I whirl something.

ta’nstal hatpa’wico, the paper whirls
about.

ta’-u hatpa’wickit, I swing standing
up (‘‘sitting’’ would take ke-u in-
stead of ta-u).

ti’xt hatpa’-uckit, I swing lying in a
hammock.

wa -i ta-upa‘ukit, the stone is swing-
ing (like a pendulum); pl. -tit.

wai ta’-upaupa’-utit, many stones
swing.

wi ta’-u-hatpa’wickit, I balance my-
self (I).

wi wa’-i konpa’wicat, I took and
swung a stone (like a pendulum).

pe, to finish (ef. pix).

3/m hatpe’ne-o, I finish drinking.

hatpe’-o, I am ready.

iti’yile petst kahiya, iti’yile petst
kawia, last month.

ityi‘le pe’het, it is a half moon.

’n hatpé’n icti’dhd (or -éhé), when
you are ready we will start.

petst, over, out, gone, given out.

cakitsa’-e he’-u ya’-e-hatpe’netsél,
we fry many and eat enough.

(cok)ampe’-o, I have stopped drink-
ing (pl. of obj.).

cukiaxpe’-u, I finish eating up.

wan atpe’-at, I stop walking.

wan pe’-ulat, they stopped walking.

wic ya hatpé’ne-u, I finish enough.

ya’-e-(h)atpe’netsel, we will eat
enough (D-51).

ya hatpe’két, I am sitting here pre-
pared (or ready).

yal-pe’ yulet, they finished taking all;
(pe-, through, finished; yal, pl. of
obj.).

yil hiwe’-u pétik (or pe’tek) yi’,
Monday, ‘‘day when powerful
day (i. e., Sunday) is finished”
(D-149).

woe pe’, wuc pe’ (D), ten, ‘“‘fingers
completed.”’

woe pe’ip, ten times (L).

woe pe’ ha tanuk, eleven.

woe pe’ ha’ tanu’kip, eleven times.

woe pe’ ha’ tsi’k, twelve.

woe pe’ ha’ lat, thirteen.

woc pe’ ha’ himato’l, woc pe’ ha’]
imato’l (D-87), fourteen.

woc pe’ tsik, twenty.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

woe pe’ tsi’kip, twenty times.

woc pe’ lat (L), woe pe’ la’t (D—96),
thirty.

woe pe’ himato’l, forty.

woc pe’ latsi’k, sixty (D-88).

pél, far.

a™® ya fi pe’ltat, a house stands far
off.

hatna’ka pe’] a, how far is it?

hina‘ka pe’l, it is so far.

no’me pél, that child far off.

okét (or huket) pe’l, stepmother,
“distant mother.”’

pél ha, not far (D-68).

pel hatu‘ne, a spyglass, “‘far looker.”’

pél kankit lo’filofic, or pél lJo’filoc
ka’/nkit, it thunders at a distance.

pe’l tsat, he goes away.

ya’ pé’l két (or ya pe’két), that one
sitting far off.

yuk’hit itét pe’l, our stepfather
(D-101).

pem, pe’m, pém (D-131), to shoot, a

gun, a rifle; Ak. pemiir, cannon.

(h)okpé’mulat, they shot at each
other (D-147).

pém he’ts, cannon, “big shooter” (I).

pém katsi’k (I), pém ka’t tsik,
double-barreled gun, “‘gun with
two mouths’ (“‘fusil a deux
coups’’).

pem kaukau’ hu‘i ko’hitsat, a gun
sinks in the water (1).

pém md6’k, pe’mok, a pistol, ‘‘a short
shooter.”

tik a’xp pe’m, shoot (your) arrow
right here!

ti‘k pém, go and shoot!

want-hokpé’mkin, when they shot at
each other (D-147).

wi pe’mu, I shoot with the rifle (noé
wi pém pé’mu).

yu'l cakpe’m, to shoot at a spot
(yul, spot, dot).

p6n, pan, male cousin (A. R. did not

remember this word); E. D. penn,
sister.

pe’n ta, the other cousin.

co’ k-hipén, friend.

co’k-hipén ha, enemy, foe (but not
in war).

wi ipin payo’két, my (male) cousin
has returned.

Riaeron|
SWANTON

wi pén, my male cousin (wi ipin?).
wi cokipé’n, my friend (1).
wee penne [ouéé penne (C)], wi penn,
my sister (E. D.).
peni, to heal.
npe’niu, I have healed you.
ok«hiti’ya pe’neat, he came and
looked at him and cured him
(D-116).
pé’nene, for curing (D-57).
wi pe’niu, I have healed him.
yuk’hi’ti ipedk o’k ya’ pe’neat, the
Indian doctor came and cured
(D-56).
pét (cf. pe) (pét (sing.), pém (pl.)).
naki’t pe’msta(?), are you (pl.) tired?
nak npe’tsta, are you tired (given as
mpe’tsta).
(wic) hipe’tst ha, (I) am not tired.
(wic) hipe’tst ina’ha, (I) am tired.
pe-u, to swell.
ne’c pe’-u, wood swollen up.
ne’c pe’-ukit, the wood swells up.
ne’c pe’ wico, I swell up the wood.
cukwak pe’wic, raised or yeasted
bread.
piggh, to dance (E. D.) (see pux).
pix, to die (see pe).
icak ka’-u capix, dead men,
i’cak capi’xk, icik capi’xk, spirits or
souls of the dead; also dead bodies
(“Jes morts’’) (D-121, 140).
i’cak capi’xk cakla’wiul-ha’hat, they
never burned the dead.
kaukau’ na pi’xka, are you thirsty?
are you dying for water?
kitsa’k cak’pi’xk, they drank whisky
(D-145).
kitsa’k cakpi’xkul, they drank whisky.
cakpi’xkat, they died (‘‘ils sont
morts’’).
capi xk, dead.
yuki't icpi’xn, we will die (‘‘nous
mouronsg’’).
pil, pel, bed (wal, bedstead).
pilkin ni‘hue, I lie down on the bed.
pa lkin ti(xt), on the bed lying down
(D-76).
pil lumlu’mict, a roller on a bed
(bolster?).
pistaggs (C), pittaggs (P); life (EK. D.).
pic, to twist, to contort.
icik tso-opi‘ctit, they twist (stand-
ing) (“ils tordent’’).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

105

ka‘tpic, crooked mouth (‘qui a la
bouche tournée en travers’’).
ke’-upi’ckinto, ke’-upi’cinto, I am
going to twist or contort.
pi'c ho’pene, a gimlet, a borer
(pic, to turn the top of the gim-
let) (I).
pits, crooked.
u‘ts pic, crooked nose; pl. u’ts pi’epic.
wai pic ho’pene, a borer made of
stone(I).
wi pi’co, I make it crooked; pl. pic-
pico.
yu’kit tso-opi’cintsél, we twist (stand
ing) (fut.?).
pitsiyu’, pidsi’u, pits-i’u, pi’dsiu,
chigoe, red bug, harvest-mite.
pitx, pixt, pi’t (L-6; D-50), perch, the
patasa of the Creoles.
po, narrow (‘‘étroit’’); pl. po’po (rib-
bons, paths, etc.); E. D. pio,
narrow.
o’po, ribbon (evidently should be popo)
(I).
o’po yul, (evidently po’po yul, striped
ribbons).
po’, po, po’x, pu’x, to smoke, to mist,
to drizzle, smoke; E. D. ci [shy].
a‘fi po’ a’, smokehouse (in which to
smoke meat).
kidso’ne po’kit, the fire smokes.
ko’tspon-nt’ha’n&*, ko’tsispo” ita’’-
ni, chimney, ‘‘cut into for the
smoke to go out.”
po’ kidso’nc, smoke of fire.
po’ kit, it is smoky.
po’x he’-u, thick smoke.
ti'uxts po’kit, it mists
(“slowly’’).
ti’-u po’kit, it mists hard (or ‘‘fast’’).
tu’ po’-ip wa’fi, a steamboat, “boat
moving by smoke.”’
tu’ po’ wa‘fi, tu’ po’p waif (1),
steamboat, ‘‘smoke-boat moving.”
ya’ pu’x, that smoke.

gently

ci taue’ [shi thaué], the smoke is dis-
agreeable (cf. ci kombnst, fog)
(EDD.

pol, to float.

nec he’-u po’lpol o’kit, much wood
comes floating.

ne’c kaukau’ otse po’le-wa’nkit, wood
floats in the water (1).

106

nec pol-tsa’t net, the log is floating
fast down stream.
po’le, what floats on water.
tik kaukau’kin po’le-wa‘nkit, an
arrow floats in the water (I).
ya’ po’le wa’nkit tu’lkin, that floats
on the lake (‘‘cela flotte sur le lac’).
pol, to go fast, to gallop, to lope.
tsanu’k he’-u polpo’lxctit, the horses
gallop.
tsanu’k po’lxe, a loping horse.
tsanu’k polpo’lxco, I lope the horse.
tsanu’k po’lpolxc tsat, tsanu’k popo’x-
tsat, the horse is going fast, the
horse is galloping, the horse is
loping (?).
tsanu’k po’lxctit, the horse is loping.
pom, to plow.
icdk ne-pu’me, a plowman, one who
plows.
né po’m, plow (I).
né-po’mne, plowshare.
né-yu'c né-po’m, plowed field.
ciko’m né-pom(ne), plow oxen, team
of oxen (I).
wic né po’mo, I plow; pl. pompo’mo
(referring to many fields or re-
peated action).
pon, to double, to fold (cf. kok, kée,
tixt).
a’nhipon, anhipo’n (L-7), rabbit, and
(by derivation) sheep, sig. “folded
ears,’ ‘“‘doubled ears.”
anhipo’n na’-u, wool, ‘‘sheep hair.”’
anhipo’n ti’l, rabbit skin (I).
cokiu’le hipo’nso, I fold a letter.
cokiu‘le hipo’ns, co’kiule hipo’ns, a
book, ‘‘folded writing.”’
cokiu’le hipo’ns yaké’co, I sealed a

letter.
cok-pon [chocponne], Ak. word for
“paper.”

wi kon hipo’nico, I take and fold it.

tsi’kip hipo’nso, twofold. (I).

la’‘tip hipo’nso, threefold.

himato‘lip hipo’nso, fourfold.

ni‘tip hipo’nso, fivefold.

latsi’kip hipo’nso, sixfold.

pa’xwip hipo’nso, sevenfold (I).

himato’l tsi‘kip hipo’nso, eightfold
a);

wo’c ico’l ha’nip hipo’nso, ninefold

(I).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

wucpe‘ip hipo’nso, tenfold (I).
wucpe’ip tsi’‘kip hipo’nso, twenty-
fold (I).

hiye’n pon, hi’yen pon, hi’npon (1),
hi’npon (I), one hundred.

hi‘’yen pon tsi’k (?), hi‘npdn (or hiu’n
po’n) tsik (I), two hundred.

hiyé’n po’n tsa’ko’p (L), hit’/n po’n
tsako’p (I), one thousand.

hiye’n po’n tsako’pip, one thousand
times.

hehin poon, one hundred (E. D.).
hehin poon hannik halk hannik, one
hundred and one (E. D.).

hehin poon happaalst, two hundred
(Ess)

hehin poon laatt, three hundred
(E. D.).

hehin poon tseets, four hundred
(E. D.).

hehin poon niitt, five hundred
(E. D.).

hehin poon paghé, seven hundred
(E. D.).

hehin poon tegghuiau, nine hundred
(E. D.).
hehin poon iolic [iol-ish], one thousand
(E. D.).
hehin poon iolic [iol-ish] happaalst*‘
two thousand (E. D.).
po-6l, lowered in front (ef. pol).
po’-ol tsa’t’n hu’-ulat, they saw after-
wards that it was lowered in front.
(L-33).
poc, poe, to bleed.
pock, po’ck, p’o’ck (D—56), blood;
E. D. iggp.
pock a, po’ck 6n (1), veins, ‘‘blood
house.”
po’cka-u, I bleed somebody.
po’ckit, the blood runs out.
po’ ck hita’-uc(o), I draw the blood out..
p’o’ck tots hita’-uco, I draw the blood
out by suction; pl. of obj. cak’hi--
ta’uco.
u’ts hipo’ckit, or wi’ u’ts pd’ckit, I
bleed from the nose.
wi i’tsk po’ckit, I bleed from the
lungs.
wi’ po’ckit, I bleed.
pots, to leave, to turn loose, to shoot.
(an arrow).

sande) DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 107

*npo’tsico, I leave you, I turn you
loose.

ti‘k po’tsic, tikpo’tsic, (1) shoot the
arrow! (2) turn it loose!

ti’k po’tsico’ o’tsot, I shoot an arrow
up perpendicularly.

wic po’tsicu, I turn something loose.

wic tikpo’tsicu, I go and turn loose.

yu'kit tiupo’tsicu, we go and turn
loose.

yu kit tiucakpo’tsicu, we go and turn
many things loose.

pu, to be full.

‘tiyi‘le pu’két, it is full moon.

cict kaukau’ pu’k, the pitcher is full
of water.

wi no’ko pu’k ne’e yalwa‘nkinto, I
am going to carry an armful of
wood.

pux, pux, to jump, to skip, to dance;

pl. pim, pu’m (D-—53, 141); E. D.
piggh, to dance; illipi, to jump (P).

hi‘yikpu, to rise and jump, to jump.

hiyikpw’hu, hiyipu’hu, I jumped
over (man, frog, etc.).

ichiyikpu’mtsél, we jumped over.

John pu’m hik’hu'lkit, John is jump-
ing (1).

m6n ho’ktiwé pt’mlo, let us all dance
together!

oyipu’xko, I want to dance.

puhitse’co, I jumped over.

pum-hik’hu’leulat, they jumped into
(D-147).

pu’mpime, pu’npime (J), bai’nbime,
flea, ‘‘jumper.”’

pu’m ti’cto, you go to the dance.

pu’m ti‘ulo, let us dance!

pu’ mul, pu’mudl (L-25), they danced.

ce’c pti’m wacwa‘ci pi’m pu’mulat,
they danced the dance of the
young and the dance of the old
(L-15).

cu’l pakna’-u ti’k ya’ pu’x hatipa’ts-
icat, the dog runs and turns a
somersault.

cul puxini‘kat kako’ki(n), the dog
jumped through the fence.

cul puxitsé’cét kako’k, the dog
jumped over the fence.

tikpum ne’kin, at the dancing place
(L-27).

tikpu’mudl (or tikpii’mst), (where)
they danced (L-27).

66784—32 8

wa’ kpux, (1) to jump about, to hail,
(2) grasshopper (L, A. R.)

wakpu’xkit, it hailed, it jumped
about.

wa fi-pum, when they were dancing
(D-141).

wi puhatsipa’tsico, I turn a somer-
sault (‘‘je fais le culbute’’).

wi'c ipu’xko, I want to dance.

ya’ ne’c puhitsé’cta, I am going to
jump over this log (tséc, over).

ya-pu'm, mullet, (‘“‘jumping fish’’)
(ya’-u pum).

yuki't iyi’ ya’ puhitsé’ctstl, we rose
and jumped over.

pun, pun, to blow.

hatpunpu’ns, porpoise, ‘‘blowing”’
(sometimes ha’tpuns is said but
this is not as good). (ka’tpuns
(L) is evidently an error.)

hipi’nsat, wi o’t pu’nsat, they blow
at me.

hipu’nso, na o’t pu’nsat, they blow
at you.

hokpi‘nst(s)él, we blow at each
other.

icteme’kin pu’nso, I blow into a
hat.

kidco’ne npu’nsén la’-u ka’, blowing
the fire starts it.

kopa‘xcict pu’nso, gopa’‘xci’ ct pu’nso,
I blow across (kipa’xc?, on flat
side).

mai mo” pu’nso, I blow all along.

nép pu’nso, I blow downward.

o’tsi ya’ o’ts pu’nso, I blow over the
surface of (queried by D).

pun ho’pco, I blow through (I blow
a hole through).

puns-tik-micke’co (I), pun tikmic-
ke’co, I blow around something.

puns wa’co, pu’ns’n ka’-u, I make
somebody blow.

ti‘kpuns (I), dik-puns, dikpu’nsne,
blowgun.

tinsta’l kipa’xcip pu’nso, I blow
across the paper.

wi pw‘nso, I blow.

ya hu’i pu’nso, I blow under; pl.
he’-u pu’nso.

yuki't o(k)pu’nstit, we blow at each
other.

yuki’t pu’ns micke’ctsél, we blow
around.

108 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

pic, outside.
a*’pu’ckin, outside of the house,
outdoors; not used of villages,
forests, etc.
pu’ckin, out of doors (D-64).
Sa’médi, Sa’médi yi'l, Samti’ (D-
141), Saturday.
seksa [secsa], Akokisa name for elbow
(‘‘coude’’) (see nok).
semak [semacq], Ak. word for finger
(See nak, tsOx, w6c).
skale’, a bit, 1214 cents, an escalin.
skale’ himato’l, four bits.
skau [scau, skaou (C)], duck (E. D.)
(cf. coknd’k).
skenne’ [squenné], arrow (EH. D.) (ef. tik).
skillig, skilligg, turkey (EK. D.) (cf.
noha’me).
stigne’, bear (E. D.) (cf. ca’ko).
ca (D-112), a person, somebody; i’cak,
ica’k, a person, persons (perhaps
originally plural as stated by one
informant) (L-1, 15, 16, 25, 32;
D-59, 61, 84, 112, 120, 121, 129,
131, 188, 140, 148); cak-, objective
prefix of the third person plural;
Ak. cak [chacq].
na’ ca a’, or ca’ a na‘c, who are you?
ca ha’ @’flip wa’-uco, I call somebody
by name.
ca ha’n, nobody.
ca’ hatko’kco, I lend to somebody.
ca he’-u, many persons.
ca’‘-ik, to somebody (D-113).
caki‘n, to a person (D—42 (title)).
ca’ coha’xce, for nobody.
ca coke’c ti’xt wi hi’nai, I think some-
one is sick (‘‘je crois qu’il y a
quelqu’un de malade’’).
ca’ ta® ha’ okotka’-uc pa‘tsémo, I
wash one shirt for another (person).
ca’ ya’ a’ or ha’ ca a’, who is he (or
she)?
wi o’k na’-u ca, I let somebody come.
wi ca itu’lo tsanu’k o’ts, I put
somebody on a horse.
wi ca’ coco’le ha‘nu, I like to scare
somebody.
wic ca ot ke-u cakiu’lekinto, I
write for somebody.

akipa’-ike icak, a southern man.
Alpamuw’ icak, an Alabama Indian.

[BULL. 108

a™ hiwe’-u ina’-u ic&k, a priest, ‘‘a
man who enters the church.”’

ha’ ica’k lu’kin tiktat tema’kip, this
man goes to stand in mud up to the
knees; pl. tétsd’t.

hakit hukica’k, their relatives.

ha cakica’k, their relations, her re-
lations, his relations (L-29).

ha wi cakiol (A. R.), ha cakio’l, this
is my husband.

hiki’ke ic&dk, a western man.

hica’k ko’-ika, one who has con-
sumption; perhaps also mumps.

ho’leike icak, a northern man,

hukica’k, hokica’k, relatives, ‘‘own
people” (L-21).

icak afi ha’xc, a man without a
house.

icak a’ii he’-u ké, men having many
houses.

icdk a’ két, man in the house,
“‘man having a house.”

icaik a’npane, a deaf man (I).

icaik Ata’kapa, an Atakapa Indian.

icik ha’-an, there are no men (‘“‘il
n’y a pas d’hommes”’); no men
(1).

icak ha’ nu’k, a man alone.

icak ha’tse-ec (L), icak ha’tiéc, a
bad man; pl. icék hatimee (D),
icik. hatsimec, ica’k hatse’mec,
ica’ k hati’eméc.

icik he’-u, many men (I).

i‘cik he’-u ha’, not many men, few
men (I).

icaik he’-u hakit e’fiip cakwa’-uco, I
call many people by their names.

icak he’-u ki’wile ipco’xku’l, men
who will be doctors.

icik he’-u cak’ko’mc, many men
hung up.

icik hi’-imilc, I hate this man, I
detest this man; pl. ic&ik cak-
himi’me.

icak hika’ts{m, a barefooted man.

icak hi’ kitewé ti’ cat, this man accom-
panied me.

icdk (h)ila’-iha’xc, widower.

icak hila’-i ke’, ic&k hila’-ige, a
married man.

icak hiwe’-u ké, a man having power.

icak hiyania’n co tiwé ti’co, I was
afraid of him but went with him.

SWANTON

ene |

icik iko ko™ulet, or ha‘kit icak
ko"’ulet, they had a man arrested
(or seized).

ica’k ikunyu’ts, icak ikunyu’ds (I),
icak (i)kunyits (I), a half-grown
boy, a young woman.

icak iku’nyuds a‘npanc, a deaf boy.

icak ina’-ulét a’nkin, these men
entered the house (‘‘ (ces) hommes
sont entré dans la maison’’).

ica’k i-dl, a mean man.

(i)cakio’l, a male human being, a
man (‘‘homme’’).

(i)cakio’l ickali’t, a boy (large and
small); pl. (i)cakio’l no’me.

(i)cakio’] ckali‘t hu’o, I see a boy
weeping.

(i)cak-i-o'] wa/’ci, an old bachelor.

icik icat 1a’c, shaved head, perhaps
“sealp.”

icak ica’t-sim, a bareheaded man.

V’cak itso™, name of a male relative
of Louison Huntington, sig. ‘‘small
man.”

icdk ka’-u, a dead man, the dead
(“les morts’’); archaic for white
people; pl. icak capi’xk.

icak ke’-uwa’lento, I fan a man.

icak ki’ wile ipcotikit, a man who will
be a doctor.

icik kitsak &’m hite’-u, a whisky or
brandy drinker.

icak ko’mi, a thick man, a stout man;
pl. icik ko’mkomi (1).

icak ko’me, a man hung up (D).

ica’k ko’mulet, they hung a man.

icik konyu’ds ta™ caktewe’ mo’két,
another young man has come with
the rest.

icak ku‘ihaxc, a mute man.

i’caik ku’ltan ka’-u, a man dead a
long time.

i’cik kunyii’ds, a young man.

ica’k ku’tskuts, Indians, ‘‘red men.’

icak la’kat, a man who was strong
(or stout).

icak lak’n, when a man shall be
strong.

ic&ik Jat, three men (I).

i’cak méts, tall man.

i’cak me’tsmets, many tall men.

icak mile, a blind man (I).

icak mon, icak moni, icak mini (L),
all people.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 109

ick ne’kin pa’ko, I strike a man low
down.

icak ne-pu’me, a plowman.

icak o’ tsi pa’ ko, I strike a man high up.

icak paitolto’luc, many too good men,
generous men.

icak paito’luc,
(‘trop bon’’).

icak pa’xc, a slender, thin, or lean
man; pl. pa’xpaxe.

icak cakii’m, a liar.

icik cako™, sheriff, policeman, ‘‘the
one who takes” (=icak cakko™’).

icik cakeatsi’fic, ica’k ca’ktifie (I),
a thief.

icak cakya‘lulét caki’nauct a*’lak,
they took the men and put them
in prison.

icak co’klak, a poor man.

icak cokno’k-na’-u ik (or ek) co’lulet,
they feathered a man.

i’cak cokcaki-i’kec, a man who had
been sold (not exactly used as a
slave).

icak co’k cakio’ii hite’-u, a beggar.

icik co’k caktsi’nke hite’-u, a great
thief.

icik cokei’d, an avaricious man; pl.
icik cokcivei'u.

icak co’kuan uc’ha’, a liar, a perfid-
ious or tricky man.

i’cik coxké, a rich man.

icak coxko’ts, a tailor; cak’kd’ts, a
“cutter.”

ica’k co’x ke& (or co’kco) to’Jha’, a
good for nothing (‘‘un bon-a-rien’’).

icak co’xk (or co’k) cak’ha’yu, one
who laughs at or makes fun of
people (‘‘un qui rit du monde, fait
farce.’’)

(i)caketa‘Iko, a being supposed to
have originated from the dead
body of a man, carrying his head
bent forward and covered with hair
over the front of his body; he
walked on all fours. Engl. ‘‘devil’’
(see tal).

icak cuké’c, a sick man; icdk cuké’c
he’-u, many sick men.

icak cukia’ he’-u, a big eater.

i’cak tsi’k, icik tsik (I), two men.

icik tsi‘l, a proud man; pl. icak
tsi‘ltsil.

icdk ta’-ic he’-u, many strangers (D).

a@ generous man

110

ica’k ta’-ic o’kid™ yukit né mo’n
ialpa‘hiulét, strangers have come
and taken all our land.

ich&k ta» (I, L), ic&k ta’n (D),
another man.

ic&’k tane’-u (or he’-u), many other
men (L).

i’cak ta’nuk, icak ta’nuk (I), one
man (a man alone) (L).

icak tanu’k ke-ula’ento, I shave
another.

icak tanu’kip ki’ wile ipco’kat, a man
who was once a doctor (D).

icak tu’két, a man in a boat (D).

ichk tu’l, a good and liberal man (D).

icak tu’ts koko’k, a bow-legged man.

ic-ak tsu’ts tsi’k ke’tsep, a man lame
in both legs.

icak tu’ts tanu’k ke’tsém, or (more
correctly) icak tu’ts tanu’k ke’tsep,
a man lame in one leg.

icik tu hia’ta, always the same man
(‘toujours leméme homme’’).

ica’k u’t cak’ha’yu, ica’k o’t cak’ha’-
yu, I laugh at people, I laugh at
many persons.

ica’k wan, a traveler.

icak wa’fi a’-uc, a lame man, ‘‘a man
who can not walk.”

icik wa‘ci (D), (i)cakua’ci (L), an
old man; pl. icak wacwa’ci (L).

icak woc ke’tsti, a left-handed man.

icak woe tu’l, a right-handed man.

icaik ya’ i-ta™, he is a man yet.

ica’/k ya’ ta™, ica’k hia‘ta™ (I),
icik ya’ tan, the same man.

ica’k ya’ko, I eat a man (“‘je mange
un homme’’).

icik yo’n, a wizard (term uncertain).

ki‘wile ca‘kiol, a Frenchman, a
Creole.

né n’ itans ’n icdk ’n moni, the
world, ‘‘all people on earth and in
heaven.”’

no’-ai icak, Alpamu’ icak, an Ala-
bama, Indian.

no’‘hame ca‘kiul, a rooster, ‘‘a male
fowl.”

okotka’-uc
(h)imicinto,
others.

sakio’l-cukoke’, pants.

cakica’k (D-28,29), cakicaék (D-138),
relations.

icak he’-u_ cakcopats
I wash shirts for

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

cakicakip ut, toward the people
(L-12).

coxka’k lo’-ico icak, I help somebody
working.

cukiole-hatke, pants.

Tsa’xta i'cik,, Tsaxta hi’cak, a
Choctaw Indian.

Tsa’ yon icak, a Mexican man (from
Spafiol?)

tsi’dsi icak, a male infant (I).

to’like icak, an eastern man.

wi hica’n (or wi hija’n) cakidl, my
father-in-law.

wi ica’k icuhe’, I am uneasy about
the man (i is perhaps the incor-
porated personal pronoun).

wi’ icak cakia‘lu, I take men, I arrest
men.

wi icak cakina’-uco, I put some men
in prison (“‘je mets des hommes
(dans le prison)’’).

wi cakica‘k, my relatives (‘‘mon
monde’’).

wi (i)eak wi’ci ik’ha’-uc (or ik’ha’-
uts) tik’ha’nét; .ké’me hi a’-ucén
ika‘-uts’n, my old man almost
drowned; if I had not known how
to row he would have been
drowned (‘‘mon vieux a manqué
de se noyer; si je n’avais pas su
ramer, il se serait noyé’’).

wi cuhe’ ica’k, J am uneasy about my
family, I pity my family.

ya’ icak akipai-i‘ke dt, this man
comes from the south.

ya’ icak av’ha’n, ya’ icak a’p ha’‘n,
an absent man (“un homme
absent’’).

ya icaik av’wa’‘nkit, ya icak ap
wa’nkit, this man is present (‘‘cet
homme est présent’’), lit. ‘“‘this
man is walking here.”

ya’ i’cak hiki’k dt, this man comes
from the west.

ya’ i’cak ho’lcike 6t, this man comes
from the north.

ya’ icak to’like ot, this man comes
from the east.

ya’ icak coklake, that man is poor
(D).

ya’ ic&’k cokla’keat, that man was
poor (D). .

ya’ icak cokla’ketikit, that man will
be poor (D).

pegeerty
SWANTON

ya’ icik we’h&t (or wé't) ivivha’hét,
this man did not believe me.
ya’ ick yaki’e kanyi‘e yilwai’tikit,
that man is going to marry that
young woman (D).
ya ki’e kanyii’e ya’ icik ut (or o’t)
yilké, that young woman marries
that man (D).
yu’ kit icak, yuki’t (or yoki’d) cakicak,
our relations, our parents, our
relatives (‘‘nos parents’’).
caki, to wound (possibly the stem is ik).
wi ca’ kiko, I wound (somebody).
wi cakea’kiko, I wound (somebody)
in various places (D).
ca’ko, cako’ (L-5), bear; E. D. stigne’.
caks (I), fox; E. D. caggs [shaggs].
cake, lynx (D), wildcat (A. R.) (“pi-
chou’’); E. D. netswopst, nets-
kdpst [netscdpst], wildcat, cata-
mount (‘‘pichou”’), lynx(?) (see
nia’l, caiks).
call (shall) (E. D.).
call pallets [shall pallets], plucky,
brave (BH. D.).
came, wolf, coyote; E. D. iorlic (pro-
nounced yAlic?), wolf (see ték).
came te’kteke, ‘‘speckled wolf,”
Gatschet suggesting that it was
the leopard and thus a purely
modern term, but it reminds one
of the Creek Water-tiger, also
spotted, which may contain some
reminiscence of the ocelot or jaguar.
ca", cafi, ca ca”, burning.
nats ca®"ca*, caterpillar, ‘burning
worm,”’ “stinging worm.”’
capa ts, hanging(?) (cf. pa-u, pats).
a‘le capa’ts, icicle, “‘ice hanging”
(not certain).
icpa’tsét, sleet has formed, it has
been freezing.
catna’, better.
ca-u [shau (P), shaow (C)], father
(E. D.). (cf. ea).
wi ca’-u [ué shau], my father (EK. D.).
ce, marble (to play with); Creole
canique.
ce kudsni’n ki’nind., a round whet-
stone (‘‘meule’’).
cém, cim, sém, sim, ‘‘fold,’’ ‘‘times,”’
full of.
ha’ u’ec moén na’-ucém, his whole
body covered with hair (L-34).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

111

icak hika’t sm, a barefooted man.

icik ica’t sim, a bareheaded man.

lu’cém, full of dirt (D-65).

otse’ hat-cima‘l-két, a snake sitting
coiled up.

ta’lc&ém, full of holes (D-66).

yuki’t no’mesém tu’ xtsél, we children
stayed alone together (D-107). .

tanu’kcim, tanu’kcém, one to each
(I), one apiece.
tsi’/keim, double, two to each (I).
1a’t-sim, la’t-cim (I), threefold, three
to each.
himato’leém, fourfold, four to each (I).
ni‘t-sém, nitsem (I), fivefold, five to
each.
latsi‘k-sém (D), latsi’ksém (I), six-
fold, six to each.
pa’xsém, seven to each (I).
wucpe’cim, ten to each (I).
cemps tapahan (or cemps tapahau),
cempstapaham ([shempstapa-
ham], infant, baby, child (E. D.).
cec (L-2), fig, mulberry(?); E. D.
tsicibb [tsishibb], mulberry tree.
ce’c ne’kin, fig season, ‘‘figs ripe.”’
ce’c néc, fig tree, mulberry tree(?)
céc see tsic.
cet [chett], chin (I. D.).
ci (shi, shy), smoke (E. D.) (cf. po).
ci kombnst [shy combnst], fog, ‘‘thick
smoke’’ (EK. D.).
ci taue’ [shi thaué (P), shy thaou (C)],
the smoke is disagreeable (E. D.).
ciki'tic (I), cikiti’c, skunk; E. D.
tsinniu, polecat.
ciki’tic i’cat, the skunk stinks.
cikiti’e a’ hu’i, the skunk is under
the house.
cixt, cict, cit, pot, basin, bucket, pail,
kettle, pitcher.
én ka’-une ci’xt, grease jar.
icpa’l ma’fi, a dish (ic =cixt).
kudsnii'n ci’xt, iron kettle.
ne’c cixt, wooden bucket or pail.
ci’xt ko’mhie, bell, “‘hanging pot.”
ci’xt (or cit) ko’mhic wi co’ftico, I
ring the bell.
cixt pal, cikpa’l, icpa’l, hicpa’l (I), a
plate, a dish.
ci’xt pa’c, lid (‘‘couvercle de la
chaudiére.’’)
ci’xt-ko’ paxce,
goblet.

cit-ko’paxc, tumbler,

112

cict kaukau’ ha’‘n, the pitcher is
empty of water.
cict kaukau’ pu’k, the pitcher is full
of water.
cict pa’l, an oven.
ci’ct pa‘l he’ts, icpal he’ts, a great
bowl.
cict ya’ tsa’xk, this pitcher is dry.
wai ci xt, a stone jug.
wic cixko’mic co’fiiczo, I ring a bell.
ci(1), to sew.
ei’l yu’leo, I make embroideries, I
sew stripes.
cokei‘Ink", cokci‘li", sewing ma-
chine, ‘‘to sew much” (‘‘coudre
beaucoup’’).
coxci’ukit, she sewed (all the time)
(D-77).
tu’ cil, schooner (‘“‘bateau a
voiles’’) (?).
tu’ ci’] ok’hia’ ké, the schooner has a
sail.
wi ke’-u cukci’kinto, I am sewing
while sitting.
wi ke’-u cukcokci’‘kinto, I sew many
things. (Perhaps | was not heard
in last two examples.)
wi ci’lo, I sew.
wi cilci‘lo, or wi he’-u ci‘lo, I sew
many things.
ci/lin (A. R.), ci‘li, beautiful, hand-
some (persons and things); pl.
cilei‘li; E. D. cilli, cillg [shilly (P),
shillg (C)], nice, handsome.
yoko’n ci'li, a fine song.
cil(c), (perhaps né-ci(1)).
né-cileni’n, broom (‘‘balais’’).
né-cilenin i], a new broom.
né-cileni’n i] to’lka ci‘Ientat, a new
broom sweeps well.
né-cileni’n wa ci, an old broom.
wa"’ne’-ci‘lento, I sweep with the
broom while going.
cifi, see con.
ci’ne-u (perhaps from ca and he-u).
ci‘ne-u a’? hakit cine’v’ a’? who are
they?
cine’-u ya’ cukcaki’kc? who are these
merchants?
cick, ciskk, (sweet(?)); E. D., cisk
[shisk], sweet.
né-cisk, ni ci’sk, salt.
né-cic(k) ka’-une, a salt cellar, ‘‘to
put salt into.”

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

neck-ol, nick-ol, sugar, sweetening, evi-
dently ‘‘sweet salt’’ (6l’=sweet).
neck-61 ak, nick-dl1 4k, molasses,
“sugar liquid.”
neck-ol tu, neck-ul tu, sugarcane.
neck-ol tu li‘lin’, sugar press, sugar
mill.
cit, gray moss.
cit-ha’fi, moss (D-75).
cit 1/1, green, fresh moss; pl. ilil.
cit mé’lmel, black moss (dead).
ci-u, to crawl.
otse’ he’-u ci’utiutit, the snakes go
crawling.
otse’ ci’ukit, otse’ ci’u, the snake
crawls (I).
ci'u tsat otse’, the snake goes craw-
ling.
ya’ otse’ ci’u, the snake crawls; pl.
ci‘u.
ci-u, ci-o,
icak cokci’t, an avaricious man, a

stingy man.
icak cokciveci’'u, avaricious men,
stingy men.
cokci’-u, avaricious or stingy

(‘‘chiche’’).

ya’ kic cokei’-u tane’-uca’k iya’-i,
this woman is the stingiest of all
(tane’-uca’k, the rest).

ciwa't, ci’wat, alligator, “having

bosses’’(?). ;

ci’ wat té ne’c, tree with thorns 6 to 10
inches long, prickly ash (I).

ciw6’n, ciwa’n, cat.

ciwan anpa‘ke_ ko‘nkit,
catches the mouse.

ciwa’n nika’-ukit a’npake, the cat
ran after the mouse.

ciwa’n noha’mec cakcoco’meat, the
cat scared the chickens.

ciwa’n tsu’m ha’xc, don’t pinch the
cat!

ci’ won hika’mcét, the cat scratched
me (etc.).

ciwon hidso”, kitten, ‘‘small cat”
(1).

ciwon hd’nkit, the cat mews.

ciw0'n ikat, paw of cat.

ciw6’n icol, kitten.

ci’'won ma’, ciwan ma’, where is the
cat?

ciw6’n na’-u, fur of cat.

ciw6’n tuts, leg of cat.

the cat

GATSCHET
SWANTON

ciwdn [shiwdn], lake (E. D.) (Carpen-
ter has nuuoon [nuouoon], which is
evidently wrong).

cka, ckaa, ska; small, little; E. D.
cka [shka, shkaa], ska, small, little,

son.

ickali’t hitiktsa’nu, I go and hide a
child.

ickali’t nu’l-wilwi‘lhicnto, I rock a
child.

kic i’cakalit (1), ki’ckalit, little girl;
pl. ki‘cee no’me and kéckali't.
cakio’l ickali’t (1), cukioskalit, boy
(both large and small); pl. cakio’l.
cakio’l ckali’t haihai’e hu’o, I see a
boy weeping (na‘kco, I hear).
wi cka [ue shka], my son (E. D.).
ckal koptalé [shkal coptalé], sadness
(E. D.) (ef. elafi).
ckalcka’c, foolish, crazy (‘‘béte’’).
ckop (D-128), cup, dipper.
4’mene cko’p, drinking cup.
cko’pol, ckopo’l (I), soup bowl, any
large bowl.
co (D~-140), seed, kernel, heart, pith,
soul.
ha’ co’, his soul (heart being con-
sidered its seat).
pa’ tite’-u co’, cottonseed.
ca’ kedec co’kco wa’fi-co’lkit, the birds
go and tear up the young seed
plants; pl. of subj. wafi-co’lktit.
co’kco, seed (‘‘semence’’) (I).
co pa‘ke, cd’ pake, the heart is
beating, palpitation of the heart.
cu’ ku’tskuts, piment rouge, red
pepper (I).
tepu’k co’ tuka’-u, almond, “like a
peach stone.”’
wi co’ hehe’xkit, my heart is paining.
wi co’ pa’ke hika’, I have palpitation
of the heart.
c6, any, at all, ever, it is not (?).
ica’k coxkcé (or co’kco) to’lha, a
good for nothing.
ca’kco hilécne han, I have nobody to
defend me.
ca coha’‘xe,
nobody).
co’kco ha hiwa/lc, dreams mean
nothing (‘‘les réves ne veulent rien
dire’’).
cok coha’n, for nothing (han, nothing).

for nobody (ca han,

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

113

tanu’kip co ha’, never once (did he

whip us) (D-102).
cok, cok, cuk, cfik, thing; Ak. same.

aki’p cf’kwak, wheat bread, ‘‘flour
bread.”’

ha cok, his property, ‘‘his things.”

ha cokmo’n, all his property.

hiyen cukwi lkit, the hog is squealing.

inlo’hi coka’kinto, nlo’-i coka’kinto,
I help you working.

ic&k co’kilake, a lazy man.

icak co’klak, a poor man.

icak cokno’kna’-u ikco’lulet, they
feathered a man.

i’cak cokeaki-i‘ke, a man who had
been sold.

icik co’k cakio’fi hite’-u, a beggar.

ick co’k caktsi’nke hite’-u, a great
thief.

ica‘k co’keo to’lha, ica’k co’xkcé
to’‘lha, a good for nothing (‘un
bon & rien’’).

i’cik coxké, a rich man.

icak coxko’ts, icik cak’k6’ts, a tailor,
“‘a, cutter.”

icik co’xk (er co’k) cak’ha’yu, one
who laughs at or makes fun of
people (‘‘un qui rit du monde, fait
farce’’).

icokhéc, icoké’e, I am sick.

ke’-u co’k caktsiv ficto, I sit stealing.

ki‘e coxko’ts, a tailoress.

ma‘ fut co’k caktsi’fike, a continual
thief.

ne’c coxkita’-une, a scaffolding, a
scaffold.

eakla’me p’o’sk cok’hita’-uckit, the
leech sucks the blood out.

coka’-at, she had it.

coka’-hiwe’-u, industrious,
much,”’

co’ kai, co’kaya, why? wherefore?

co’ kai ’n o’t ha’xenan, why don’t you
come?

co’k ake’nict, dewberry.

co’k ake’nict li’], co’katke’fiic il,
strawberry.

co’kat ka’ tla’ke, a large pile of dirt
(“un large sale’’); pl. tla’tlake.

co’katke’nic, cokaki‘fiic, blackberry.

co’k atpa’xe ha’ke, he doesn’t listen.

co’ kaye, cu’ kaya, co’ kai, why? where-
fore?

“doing

114 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

cok hatse-e’c, bad things, wicked
things.

co’k’hatse-e’c ca ka’, to bewitch, ‘‘to
render mischievous.”

co’k hatko’lo, I stuff.

cokhe’ (h)atse-e’c cak’hG’Iculat, they
put bad medicine into them.

cok he’-u, many things.

cok he’-u hia’xlicat (or hia’xicat), I
lost many things.

co’k he’-uxts, co’k i’-uxts, I know it,
I know something.

co’k he’-u cak’hidsa’mco, I join many
things.

cok he’-u caktsi’fico, I steal many
things.

co’k he’-u nake na’k kanwa/‘ncin,
co’k he’-u na’ke na’xkan wa’ncén,
I found something but will not
tell you what.

co’k hia’xicat, I lost something.

co’k hihatse-uwa’nét, I forgot these
things.

co’k hipén, cokipén, friend.

co’k (h)iwine’at, I found something.

cokia’xta, I want to eat.

coki‘nkén ko’tsico, I cut across.

coki’ec (given once as co’kic but
correctness of accent denied by
second informant), a plant.

cokiu'le, cokyu'le, a letter, writing;
a debt.

cokitlene’, pencil, pen.

co’k iwa’nts, tell me a story! “tell
me something!”

co’k ka’nkit, something is roaring.

co’klic, contented, satisfied, pleased,
rejoicing.

co’k mi’co, I gave something, I made
a& present.

co’k m6’n tsa’xk, everything is dry.

cok mi’fi, a bedbug, “something
smelling.”

co’k na‘ke ha’xe, he doesn’t hear.

co’k ’n ka’ a’, what is the matter
with you? ‘‘what are you doing?”

co’k nke’a na komho’peki, what
have you in your pocket?

co’ko-i, co’xko-i, chief.

coko’n cokcaki’kco, I sell a cow.

co’k-caki’ke, a merchant (‘‘bouti-
quier’’).

cokcaktsafic, thieves.

cokeakyi‘kco, I sell things.

(BULL. 108

cokeatst’mene, tweezers (for hair,
etc.)

cokeilni", cokci’‘lA", a sewing ma-
chine.

cokci’u, stingy.

cok coha”’, for nothing.

co’k co he’-uxtsa’, I know nothing
(ef. co’knok).

cokcukyi'ke, selling.

cokto’ke, ball (?). (D-64).

co’kuak onpa’‘ts, yeast, raised bread.

co’k u’xts, smart, intelligent, know-
ing things.

co’k u’xts (h)a’xe, a fool, knowing
nothing.

co’k u’ts lat, something having three
points.

co’k wa’n, what do you say?

co’k wa’nka na’xn (L), co’k wa’i ka
na’xn, what are you doing?

co’kwan cakuxtsic, interpreter (D).

cok wacwa' cif, about ancient things
(D).

coxkai hiwe’-u, industrious, working
much” (D).

coxka’ lo’-ico icak, I help somebody
working (D).

coxkila‘ke, a lazy fellow (‘‘pares-
seux’’) (L).

coxko’-i, basket (L).

co xko-i, law (D).

coxkci’ukit, she sewed (all the time)
(D).

coxmon, everything (D).

coxto’l, luck (D).

coxto’l he’-u wic ke’, I have much
luck (D).

cuka’kulét, they danced (L).

cu’k-Am-a/fi nta’i (or ita’i (D)),

” where is the kitchen? (L).

cuka’m kic, a female cook (L).

cuka’ mto, I cook (something) (D).

cuka’ya, why? (L).

cukia’k ’ha’fico, I finish eating (L).

cukita-uka’ne, chair (D).

cukitu’lian’, table (?) (L).

cukte’-i, medicine (L).

cukte’-i 4’mu, I take (or drink)
medicine (L).

cukte’-i kf’lcu, I swallowed medi-
cine.

cukite’-uka’hune (L), cukite’-uka’-
une két’n, chair.

GATSCH al
SWANTON

cukite’-u kahuni’n k&’nto, I am
sitting down in a chair.
cukite’-u kahune’ k&‘nto, I sit in a
chair.
cukite’-uka’ne (or cukite’-ukawine)
hatwilwi‘len&, a rocking-chair.
cukotke’ (D), cux’hatke’, female
dress.
cukotkifiic, blackberry.
cukeo’e, bird.
cukutké’, cuka’tke, dress, robe.
cukwa'k, bread.
cukwa’k idso»’ Gl, pie, cake.
cuxka’xkinto, I (will) work.
cuxtsipa1, glue, ‘‘something stick-
ing.”’
Tsukuhu’-i, Chukuhu’-i (name of
Delilah Moss’s grandfather).
ta-ucok’ko’-ikit, he preaches.
wi ke’-u cukci‘kinto, I am sitting
sewing.
wi co’k a’xict, wi co’k a‘xlic, I lose
something.
wi cokcaki’kco, I sell a cow.
wi coxko’ikit, I make baskets.
wi cukte’-i micu, I doctor somebody.
coki’nkén, across (contains cok, some-
thing?). (cf. inahi).
coki‘nkén ko’tsico, I cut across.
cokno’k (L-6), co’knok (A. R.), duck
(perhaps sig. ‘‘creature with
wings’’); cokna’-i given by L as
an alternative form but perhaps
a corruption of it.
co’knok na’-u, feathers of duck (used
on arrows).
Cnai’ke, a masculine proper name
contracted from Cuk-nai‘ke, ‘‘hav-

ing ducks.”

cok6’fi, coko’m, coko’n, coko”,
ciko’m (D-80), bison, buffalo,
cattle, ox, cow, beef; probably

means “creatures living on grass.”’

ha’ coko’n cak-iu’], her ox (I).

ciko’m a’m cikna’-uco, I let the cattle
drink.

ciko’m kaukau’ cokmi‘co, I give the
cattle to drink.

ciko’m né-pom(ne), plow oxen, team
of oxen.

coko’m he’-u wa'fi hd’ntit, many
cows are lowing.

coko’m ]a’co, I skin a cow.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

115

coko’m no‘hik ima’nkit, the cow
pushes with its horn.
co’kom no’x, co’kom no’x, co’kon
no’x (I), the horns of a cow.
coko” al, coko’n a4'1 (1), beef.
coko’n he’-u caki‘kco, I buy many
cows.
co’kon ico’l, calf (I).
co’kon i’t, coko’n it (I), manure (or
dung) of cattle.
coko™ kic, coko’n kie (I), cow.
coko’n me’l, coko’m me’, bison,
buffalo, ‘‘black cattle’’; pl. melme’l.
coko’n cakiu’], bull (1).
coko’n cokeaki‘keo, I sell a cow.
coko’n tanu’k caki‘keo, I buy a
cow.
coko’n ti’u, roast beef.
coko™ (or coko’m) wa’fi hd’nkit, the
cow bellows while walking (‘“‘la
vache beugle en marchant’’).
coko’n yu’'l, a spotted ox; pl. coko’n
yu'lyul.
wi coko’n nima’-ul kahiyat ti‘k’hu’, I
went to the place where they had
killed an ox.
ya’ wi coko’m, this is my cow (I).
cokc0’c, cakcoe (I), a bird (probably
contains cok, and possibly also
co(1), to scare).
he’-u cakeu’e ka’-u_ ti’-utit, many
birds fly.
caked’e pa’, nest of bird (I).
ca’ kede pa’m, bird tracks.
cakeu’c ka/’-u-tsa’t, the bird flies,
“flying he goes.”
cukeo’e a” o’tse ka’-uts, a bird flies
over the house.
cukeo’c itsktéta’t, a lark, ‘‘yellow-
breasted bird’’ (this is the prob-
able identification).
cukeo’e pa’ ne‘’ckin, the bird’s nest
is in the tree.
cu’kcoe yo’ktit, the bird chatters.
col, to rub (cf. kol and woi).
ic&k cokno’k na’-u ik (or ek )co’lulet,
they feathered a man, they rubbed
feathers on a man.
ni‘c-mo’fi e’fiek co’lulet, they tarred
a man, they rubbed grease or tar
on aman,
nic-mofi @f wi ikco’lo, and e’fiik wi
co’lo, I rub tar with.

116

wi ikco’lcolu, I rub repeatedly with
(instr.).

wi ko’fi cdl, I shove out, I rub out-
ward(?), ‘‘I take and rub.”’

wi co/lu, I rub; wi co’leolu, I rub
repeatedly.

c6(1) (sing.), c6(m) (pl.), to be scared.

ciwa’n noha’me cakococo’meat, the
cat scared the chickens; sing. of
obj. coco’]eat (see nté-i).

wi hatcoco’lcat, I was scared.

wi ca’ coco’le ha’nu, I like to scare
somebody.

wi coco’le hinte’hi ha’nulet, (or
ha’nulet) they came near scaring
me to death.

cél palets [shdll pallets], courageous
(E. D.).

com, co", small, young; com, ‘‘with

young,” swollen, pregnant; ‘‘va
éclore, ou avoir des petits’’),
distr. co’mcom (cf. hitso’n).

co’me, came, about to hatch or have
young ones (‘‘qui va éclore, ou
avoir des petits’’).

a‘lifi hicOm, small grapes (L-8).

anhipo’n he’-uc cakico’me, rabbits
have many young.

hika’t ico”, small toes and feet.

hila’fi icd’m, grapevine.

hila” ico™ te’-i, small grapevine
(‘liane de petits raisins”).

ho’kicdm, thread (from o’k and
icdm).

ho’kicém ti’ke, a spool (‘‘une pelote
de fil’’).

nec hico’mckin, among small trees
(or bushes) (L-35).

noha’me ico’me, no’hame
young chickens.

tsan-e-u’k ico’m, colt, filly, ‘young
horse.”’

tsilatsk i‘com, sheep tick, ‘‘small
wood tick.”

tik icd’m, lead (metal), small missile
(“‘fléche petite’’).

tolho’pe hokicd’mik oyu (or d’ne
or 0’fie), I thread a needle (‘‘j’en-
file une arguille’’).

tu’ ico’me, small cane (which served
for making arrows).

uk ico’m, a pimple.

icdm,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 103

con, to rattle, to rustle, to ring.
haki’t cificena’ni, they sounded a
rattle (or their rattle) (L—26) (per-
haps cif should be con).
kipa’dso conco’ngic, gourd rattle.
ci’ficne cd’ fixia, they rattled a gourd
rattle (D-115).
cit (or cixt) ko’mhic co’ fictat, the bell
rang (I).
cit ko’mhic wi co’fiico, I ring the bell.
co’nkit, (a bell) is ringing.
te’wac co’ntit, the leaves rustle in the
wind; sing. wac co’nkit (I).
cot [shot], to love (E. D.) (ef. lem).
co’yuan, pl. coyuancoyua’n, mis-
chievous (A. R.), doing bad tricks;
droll; lively; full of fun; all in
play; frisky (one informant says
‘“‘bad,’’ the other merely ‘‘mis-
chievous’’); E. D. coiuan [shoiuan]
(P), coiooan [shoiooan] (C), stupid,
foolish.
ctiu [shtiu], sick (E. D.).
cuk, back of.
inte’ cuk, back of neck.
no’k cuk, eJbow, ‘‘back of arm.”
no’k cuk ko’tsti, left elbow (1).
no’k cuk wo’cti, right elbow (I).
cu’kike tu’ iwat, the boat (or canoe)
comes from below (‘‘la pirogue
va venir d’en bas’’).
cukifi, cuki‘n, half.
hika’t ni‘t ya’ ha‘l coki’fi, wi(c), Tam
five and a half feet tall.
kuiyatko’l lat ha’l cuki’fi, three sau-
sages and a half.
kuiyatko‘’l cuki‘i, half a sausage.
tanu’k cuki‘n, one half.
cuk(s),
co’ keuks co’kak, nonreligious dance
of the young people.
Cukuhw’-i, godfather of Delilah; (hu’i,
““underneath’’) (D-93 and title).
cuxka’, (?).
cuxks’ atse-e’c, they are all bad or
mean.
cul, dog.
cu'l ha’-an, no dog (I).
cu’l he’-u, many dogs (I).
cu’l he’-u ha’, few dogs, “‘not many
dogs”’ (I).
cu'l hiata®’, the same dog (I).

PS slier ara
SWANTON

cu’l hiwewe’veat, the dog barked at
me.

eu’l icdl, puppy (I).

cu’l ita’ii a’, where is the dog?

cul ki’e, cu’l gi’c, bitch (1).

cul ku’lic hiwewe’vecat,
barked at me again.

cu’l lat, three dogs.

cu’] m6n, all the dogs.

cu’l pakna’-u tik ya’ pu’x hatipa’ts-
icat, the dog runs and turns a
somersault.

cu’l puxini’kat kako’ki(n), the dog
jumped through the fence.

cu’l puxitsé’cét kako’k, the dog
jumped over the fence.

cu'l tsik, two dogs (I).

cu'l ta®’, another dog (I).

cu’'] ta’nuk, one dog (I).

eu'l vivi’ve, the dog barks.

tsanu’ke la’-ak iti tsat cu’lut iye’
lak, the horse is going ahead of the
dog.

tsanu’ke me’ts i’ti cu’lut iye’mets,
the horse is taller than the dog.

tsanu’k(c) cu’l o’t iye’ méts, the horse
is taller than the dog.

tsanu’k cu’l o’t iye’ 14’k patna’-u, the
horse runs swifter than the dog.

wa’-u cu’'l la’wét, the steam scalded
the dog.

ya’ cu’'l ha’ a’n ito’lco, or ya’ cu’l a’n
ito’lco, I fix the ears of that dog.

ya’ cu’ ha’ a’n tlemtle’m, the ears of
that dog are torn.

ya’ cu'l ha‘kit kif, that dog is theirs.

ya’ cu’'l ha’kit cakifi, these dogs are
theirs.

ya’ cu’lwi’ ki‘fi, that dog belongs to
me, that dog is mine.

ya’ cu’l wi’ caki’fi, these dogs belong
to me, these dogs are mine.

tsa, lance, spear (E. D.) (cf. yapii’x).
tsa, to chew, to bite.

ntsa’-un or ntsa’-éhé, she will bite
you.

odse’ hiki tsa’ wét, a snake has bitten
(or stung) me.

tsa’ksta, to chew (in future); (cak)-
tsa’kco, I chew (them?).

wi hidsa’m, I bite.

wi nuk hatsa’mo, I bite myself.

the dog

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

117

tsa-i,
wi tsa’-itsa-ic, I shake, I tremble
(from cold, terror, etc.).
tsak, tsa-uk,
kat hatsa’kco, I gargle, ‘‘I wash the
mouth.”’
nec 4’figik hatsa’-ukco, I wash with
soap.
tsak, tsaxk, to dry; pl. tsa’ktsak,
tsa’xktsa’k; EH. D. tsaak, tsik, dry.
hadsa‘kene, to wipe oneself with.
it hadsa’kene, it hadca’cne, towel,
“face wiper.”’
it cakhats&’mecne, something with
which to wipe the hands.
kau’kau tsa’kit (or tsa’xkit), the
water is falling, the water is getting
dried up (‘‘l’eau basse’’).
kau’kau tsa’‘ktsit, the water is falling
or getting low.
okotka’-ue ko™ ina’-u, tsa’xk, take
and bring back the shirt, for it is
dry! (‘‘rentre une chemise; elle est
séche’’).
okotka’-uc tsa‘ki-u, I dry a shirt.
of tsa’xti, o’fi tsa’xk, dry grass,
straw.
cict ya’ tsa’xk, this pitcher is dry.
co’k m0o’n tsa’xk, everything is dry
(all the cloth).
tsa’kina-u okotka’-uc, I dry a shirt.
tsa’xcu, I am drying.
te’wac tsa’k, dry leaves, a dry leaf
(‘‘feuilles séches’’); pl. tsaktsa’k.
wia” ne tsa’ xkip, my house is on dry
land.
wi u’'ts hatsa’kco, I wipe my nose
(with a handkerchief).
woe cakhadsa’kic’nto, I rub (or dry)
the face.
tsak,
teho’p tsa’ko, to stop a hole (‘‘bou-
cher un trou’’).
tsako’p, (see tsika’t).
hiyé’n po’n tsako’p, hidi’n po’n
tsako’p (I), one thousand.
hiye’n po’n tsako’pip, one thousand
times.
Tsa’xta, Tcha’kta (D-136), Choctaw.
' Tsaxta’ hakit no’me ica’t cakpal-
pa‘licat, the Choctaw flattened
their children’s heads (D-38a).

118

Tsa’xta i’cak, Tsa’xta hi’cak, a Choc-

taw Indian.
tsal,

ha n wi tsuta’lat, he and I kicked
him (I).

ha’ n wi tsuta’‘Ititit, he and I will
kick him (I).

naki't n wi tsutsa’ltstl, we (ye and I)
are kicking him (I).

ne tutsa’‘le (=né tuts tsa’Jc), I stamp
with the foot (tuts=leg).

wi ’n na tsuta‘lat, you and I kicked
him (I).

wi ’n na tsuta’ltsel, you and I are
kicking him (I).

wi ’n na tsuta‘ltitit, you and I will
kick him (I).

wic ha’ tsuta’lat, I kicked him (I).

wic ha’ tsuta’lo, I am kicking him (I).

wic ha’ tsuta‘Itikit, I will kick him
(I).

wi tsa‘leco, I stamp, I kick; iterat.
tsaltsa’leo.

tsa(1), to crack (cf. pal).

hatutuna& tsa’lulat, they broke the
looking-glass.

nec natsa’tskit, the wood is crack-

ing.
tsa’-alhé, or tsa’lc-thé, this cracks or
springs apart (as glass) (‘‘¢a

eraque, saute (verre) ’’).

tsa’xe, cracking.

tsa’ts, broken, burst; a crack.

tsats o’ts, walnut, walnut tree; E. D.
(the same).

wi tsa’xco, I crack.

wic tsa’xlco, I break (glass), I shiver.

tsalagst or tsorlagst, bird (E. D.)
(cf. cokcd‘c).
tsam, tsam, dsam, to join, to connect.

hidsam, joining, together.

hidsa’mco, I join two things.

o’k hidsa’‘m, a double or thick
blanket.

o’kitsame, to attack, to fight against.

okitsa’me(o), I connect.

pu’mul na’-u ha’‘kit ica’tip hatna’-
inst hati’dsom, when they danced
they placed feathers on their heads.

co’k he’-u cak’hidsa’mco, I join
many things.

tsima kotsk (‘‘coming together in
small ponds,’’(?)), ts&’ma ku’ts
(D-48), tsi’ ma‘kuts (I), tsi

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

ma’‘kuts, crawfish, crab (if the last
two forms are correct it might
signify ‘‘bone lizard’’).
tsima kotsk tuka’-u, or tsi ma’kuts
tuka’-u, (white) shrimp, “like a
crawfish.”’
tsan, to hide (ef. inii)).
ickali’t hitiktsa’nu, I go and hide a
child.
lakla’ke tsa’nu, I hide money.
tsa’n’nto, I hide.
wi hatsa’no, I hid myself.
wi nu‘k hatini’co, I hide myself (?).
tsan, to steal (cf. tsan, to hide).
icik cakecatsii’ne, a thief.
icdk co’k caktsi’nke hite’-u, a great
thief.
ke’-u cok cakts&’iicto, I steal sitting
(but a note says ‘‘not always
sitting’’).
ma‘fiut co’k caktsi’nke, a continual
thief.
cok he’-u caktsi’fico, I steal many
things.
cokeaktsi’fic, thieves (D-61).
tsan(c), to push, to shove, to squeeze.
hitsa’fict, I get pushed, he has
pushed me (‘‘il m’a poussé’’).
huktsa fihict(s)él (?), or icoktsa’ficét,
we push each other.
tsafi hina’-uco yuki’t, we push away
(we shove them out (?)).
tsa’nkco, I squeeze out (as matter
from a pimple, etc.).
tsa’ fico ako’p, I knead flour.
té’m hitsa’ficét, I was pushed yester-
day, he pushed me yesterday (‘‘il
m’a poussé hier’’).
wi mon caktsa’fico, I push all things.
wi nu’k hatsa‘fico, I push myself.
wi tsafi hena’-uco, I push it away, I
push it in.
wi tsafic ka’-u, J make him push.
wi tsa‘fic ko’le, I shove into.
wi tsa*’co, wi tsa’fico, I push it (or
him), I have pushed it (or him).
tsanu’k (D-56, 58, 80), tsa’n’u’k,
tsan-e-u’k, horse; E. D. wen
{uén].
ha’ tsanu’k, his horse (D-132).
tsan-e-u’k ico’m, tsanu’k ico’m (I),
a colt, a filly, ‘‘ young horse.’’
tsanu’k a»’, a stable, ‘‘a horse house’”’

(I).

Sy amon
SWANTON

tsanu’k haihai’c, the horse is neigh-
ing.
tsanu’k héts, a big (i. e., an American)

horse (‘‘un gros cheval Amé-
ricain’’).

tsanu’k he’-u polpo’lxctit, the horses
gallop.

tsanu’k hitso’m, a Creole pony, ‘“‘a
little horse.’

tsanu’ki, on a horse (D—59, 68).

tsanu’k ite’-u, I ride on horseback.

tsanu’k kic makau’kit, the mare is
foaling (but said of all quadru-
peds).

tsanu’kip hite’-u-ici’ko (or ite’ wi’-
ciko) ta’-i kipa’xci (hite’wici’ko),
I ford a river on horseback.

tsanu’k pakna’-u tsat, the horse is
galloping fast, the horse is running.

tsanu’k po’lxe, a loping horse.

tsanu’k po’lxctit, the horse is loping.

tsanu’k polpo’xco, I lope the horse.

tsanu’k po’lpolxe tsat, the horse is
galloping.

tsanu’k popo’xtsit, the horse is
going fast, the horse is loping.

tsanu’k cakio’fic, horsefly (I).

tsanu’ke la’-ak i’ti tsat cu’lat iye’
lak, the horse is going ahead of the
dog.

tsanu’ke me’ts i’ti cu’lut iye’mets,
the horse is taller than the dog.

tsanu’k(c) cu’l o’t iye’ méts, the
horse is taller than the dog.

tsanu’k cu’l o’t iye’ 1a’k patna’-u,
the horse runs swifter than the dog.

tsanu’k tsi’k hi(cak)a’xlicat, I lost
two horses.

tsanu’k tu’-uxts tsait, the horse is
pacing, the horse is going slow.

tsanu’k wi o’t iwat, the horse comes
towards me.

wi ca itu’lo tsanu’k o’ts, I put some-
body on a horse.

wic tsanu’k wi fiic tu’ko, I drive the
horse up.

wic tsanu’k wine-u, I find a horse.

wi tsanu’k mé’l, my horse is black
(I).

wi tsanu’k tu’ko, I fetch my horse;
pl. caktu’ko.

yuki't tsanu’k cakite’-utsél (or caki-
to’kic), we ride on horseback.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

119

wen komb [uén comb], I have a
horse (HE. D.).
wen komb haké [uén comb hacqué],
T had a horse (EK. D.).
wen-kalap haké (uén-khallap hacqué],
I would have a horse (KE. D.).
tsapalst, vine (probably grape vine)
(E. D.) (ef. te-i, a’lif).
tsats, lungs (I, D).
tsat,
tsat he, poison vine (root resembles
that of the yuki’ti kon&’n or
Indian marsh potato).
tsat, to run, to gallop, to walk fast;
E. D. insthak, to run.
John pakna’-u tsat, John is run-
ning (I).
kaukau’ tsat,
water runs.
kaukau’ u’c tsa’t, the water is run-
ning (I.).
la’k tsa’nto, I will walk fast.
pe’l tsat, he goes away.
cakcu’e ka’-u-tsa’t, the bird flies,
‘flying he goes.”
cii'u tsat otse’,
crawling.
tsanu’k pakna’-u tsat, the horse is
galloping fast, the horse is run-
ning (I).
tsanu’k po’lpolxe tsat, the horse is
galloping.
tsanu’k popo’xtsat, the horse is
trotting, the horse is going fast,
the horse is loping.
tsanu’ke la’-ak iti tsat cu’lut iye’
lak, the horse is going ahead of
the dog.
tsanu’k tu’-uxts tsat, the horse is
pacing, the horse is going slowly
(1).
tsat’n, afterward.
po’-ol tsa’t?n hu’-ulat, they saw
afterward that it (his head) was
lowered in front (L383).
Tsa’yon, Mexican, Spaniard(?) (from
Espafol?).
Tsa’ yon icik, a Mexican man.
Tsa’yon né, Mexico, ‘‘Spanish coun-
try.”
Tsayo” ne‘kin, Texas, ‘‘in the
Spanish country” (‘‘dans le pays
espagnol’’).

kaukauw tsad, the

the snake goes

120

wi okét tsi’peat Tsa’yon ne’ ot,
my mother removed to Texas
(or Mexico).

-tsé(l), subjective pronominal suffix of

the first person plural.

hiyé’n tém nima’-utsél, we killed a
hog yesterday.

hokpu’nstsél, we blow at each other.

icna’-utsen, when we get there (or we
will arrive).

ke’tne na’mtstl, we begged her to
remain.

ku’lke hoktewe’ to’xntsol, we have
been together always.

cakhu’dsél, we saw them.

caki’fiugitsél, we are on the lookout
for them.

yuki't eku’nnak na/-u(ts)él, we ar-
rived just now.

yuki't ina’-utstl, we come into (the
house).

yuki't icti’uts[él], shall we go there?

yuki't icu’ltsél, we caught it.

yuki’'t iyi’ya puhitse’ctsél, we rose
and jumped over.

yukit no’mesém tu’xtsél, we chil-
dren stayed alone together.

yu kit pai’ o’ktsen, we return home,
we come back home.

yuki't puns-micke’ctsél,
around.

yu’ kit tso-opi’cintsél, we twist, or
we will twist.

yu’kit tém &’mtsél, we drank yester-

we blow

day.
yu'kit tiu cak’nonsts%l, we take a
walk.
tsén, proud (applied only to women;
ef. tsil).
kic tséi, a proud woman; (pl.)
kictsé@ fitséfi.
ts&6c, over.
puhitsé’co, I jumped over.
cul puxitsé’cét kako’k, the dog

jumped over the fence.
ya’ ne’c puhitsé’cta, I am going to
jump over this log.
tséts, tseets, four (E. D.).
halk tseets, fourteen.
hehin tseets, forty.
tse-uwan, to forget.
ha‘tse-u wa‘n(h)icat, I forgot him
(somebody).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

na’ @ii hatse-uwa’n(h)icat, I forgot
your name.

co’k hihatse-uwa’nét, I forgot these
things.

teyo’ hihatse-uwa’‘nét, I forgot my
trunk.

teyo’ hicakatse-uwa’nét, I forgot my
trunks.

tsi (I), tsi’, bone; E. D. tsigg (see

tsam).

hal tsi, spine, ‘‘back bone.”

o’ts tsi, jawbone, jaw, ‘‘tooth bone.’’

ti’ ts tsi’, shin bone and ankle.

tso’-ots wa‘k tsi, corncob,
bone of corn.”

tsik (L-16; D-62, 81), two; E. D.

ha’ppalst.

tsi‘ kip, twice.

ha’l tsi’k, second.

ha’l tsi’ kip, twice more.

tsi‘kip hipo’nso, twofold, double.

tsi’ keim, two apiece, two to each.

latsi’k, six.

latsi’ kip, six times.

latsi’ kip hipo’nso, sixfold.

latsi’ksém, six apiece, six to each.

wocpe’ lJatsi’k, sixty (D-88).

imatol tsik, himato’l tsik,
“four times two.”’

i’matol tsik, himato’l tsi’kip, eight
times.

wocpe’ ha’ tsi’k, twelve.

woepe’ tsik, twenty.

wocpe’ tsi’kip, twenty times.

ha’ yen p6n tsi’k, hiu’n po’n tsik (1),
two hundred.

a‘c 1a’k i'ti tsi’k, he is the stronger of
the two.

haki’t tsik nu’k, themselves two.

ilu’ tsitk wiic ki’wile ipco’ké"h4., I
will be a doctor in two years.

i’cak tsi’k (L), two men.

icak tu’ts tsi’k ké’ tsep, a man lame
in both legs.

kic tsik, two women (1).

na’-u tsi’k, a pair of moccasins (I).

ne’c tsi’k tsika’dip, between two trees.

pém katsi‘k (I), pém ka’t tsik, a
double-barreled gun, ‘‘a gun with
two mouths” (“fusil & deux coups’”’).

cu’) tsik, two dogs (1).

tsanu’k tsi’k hi(cak)a’xlicat, I lost
two horses.

“ear-

eight,

Teas
SWANTON

tsi’k kucna’k, both sides.
tsik-h6’1, tsikxo’l (I), tsikxo’, twins.
wi afi wafine ta’-i tsika’dep tat(o),
my house stands between the road
and the river.
wi no’me tsik ecakitsyutsickinto, I
raise two children.
wc tsi’'g, two hands.
w0’c tsi’ ketan, both hands (1).
ya’ ki’c tsikxo’ ke’at (or cakke’at),
this woman had twins.
ya’ tsi’k o’t cakiye’ lak, he is the
stronger of the two.
ya’-u tsik cakica’wu, I have taken
two fish; sing. ica’wu.
tsikhuiau [tsikhouiaou], eight (E. D.)
(ef. tséts).
hallg tsikhuiau, eighteen (EK. D.).
hehin tsikhuiau, eighty (E. D.).
tsika’t, since, past, ago (tsik with past
temporal suffix) (see tsako’p).
yil hiwe’-u tsika’t lat, three weeks
ago (D-59).
yil hiwe’-u tsika’t tsi‘k, two weeks
ago (D-62).
tsi’kilik, hen, chicken (in the Hiyekiti
or eastern Atakapa dialect and
perhaps in Opelousa; see noha’me),.
tsikilik, to tickle. .
tsikilike, tickling (‘‘I tieckle’’).
tsi‘kip (J), the little blue heron; E. D.
tosigs [thosiggs] (‘‘la grue’’).
tsi kip tat (blue) heron, ‘‘heron
standing,”
tsil, tsil (A. R.), egg (?).
ni® tsi’l, small louse, tick, “louse egg(?).”’
tsil, proud (cf. tséfi).
icak tsi’‘l, a proud man.
icak tsi‘ltsil, proud men.
tsila’m, tcila’m (I), quail (‘‘la caille’’)
(but called ‘‘a yellow and white
bird,’”’ and so perhaps the meadow
lark; see also itsk).
tsi latsk, wood tick.
tsi‘latsk i’com, tsi’latsk ico’m (I), sheep
ticks, seed-ticks, “small wood ticks.”’
tsi‘nac, tsina’c (I), a button.
tsinniu [tsinniou], polecat (E. D.).
tsip, to remove.
ha‘Ikin tsi’peat yuk’hi’ti tu’l o’t,
afterward he removed to Indian
Lake (D-95).
tsi’pclo, let us move camp! (‘‘démé-
nageons!’’),

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

121

tsi’ peulat, they removed (D-—138).

tu’l ma ino’-i tsi’peat, she moved
across the lake (D-100).

wi okét tsi’peat Tsa’yon ne’ o’t, my
mother removed to Texas (or
Mexico).

wi tsi’pceo, I move.

tsipal (see ipa’l, near, and hipa’, hus-

band).

ke-utsipa’xckinto, I glue something
(‘‘eoller’’).

eakiu’‘le tsipa’xco, I seal (or glue) a
letter (D).

caktsipa’‘le(o), I put into contact (or
connection) (D).

cuxcaktsipal, sticky things.

euxtsipa’l, glue (‘‘la colle’’).

ta’ntsipal, burdock or cocklebur
(small kind).
wi-ke’-utsipa’xckinto, I glue pil.

objects (D).
wi-ke’-u-tsipaxckinto,
(I).
tsic (I, D-63), tsi’s (D-66), tsi’dsi (I),
tsiic, si’tsi, si’c, si’dsi, a baby;
pl. cec; E. D. cemps tapahan.
si'dsi he’-u, sic he’ -u, many babies.
tsi’dsi icak, a male infant (1).
(t)si’dsi kic, a female infant (I).
tsitsi’c, si’tsic, it is a baby.
tsi’s wafi-haihaickit, the infant cries
(I).
tsic, to be pleased, to be glad.
atsi’c-kic ha, I don’t care (D—143).
hihatsi’ckic (atsi’e-kic) ha’, I am not
pleased.
wi yatsi’ckico (properly wi hatsi’c-
kico), I am glad.
yuki'ts icatsi’ckicat, we were glad
(D-109).
tsict, tsi’tsi (D), pipe.
tsi't tsict, or tsi’tsi (not so good);
tobacco pipe; E. D. tsitsin (tsit tsi,
“tobacco bone’’).
tsit, tsi’t, tobacco; E. D. tsigg.
tsik-tlukené, tobacco pipe (D-—127).
tsi‘t katke’ mic, give me a chew of
tobacco! (‘‘donne moi un chew to-
bacco!’’).
tsi‘t lau’kit, the tobacco burns.
tsi’t tsi’ct, tsi’tsi, tobacco pipe.
tsi't wocvé'nts, a cigar, a cigarette,
“hand worked tobacco.”’
wai’ tsi’tsi, a stone pipe (I).

I sit gluing

122

wi tsit tli’kento, I will smoke
tobacco.
wi tsi t yintso, I wrap tobacco (into
a cigar); also used of packages.
tsitatsi, to smoke the pipe (H. D.).
ts’ok, tso’k, blackbird (some have red
spots); E. D. tsumciman [tsum-
shiman], tsumthimaan [tsoumthi-
maan.]
akip ts’ok, akip tsdk (L-7), water
turkey.
Ts’6’k ta’-i, Tso’k Ta’-i (I), ‘‘ Black-
bird River,’’ Bayou Dinde (?) (6 to
7 miles from Lake Charles, near
the middle lake).
ts6x, tsux, tsu’x, claw, nail (of man);
E. D. tiggs naggst, fingernail; Ak.
cu [choux] or ehuks [ehoux] (cf.
Ak. semak [semacq], finger, and
tsiim).
hikat tsu’x, toenail (I).
tsu’x, wo’c tsu’x, fingernail (I).
tsom (perhaps shortened from hitsom,
‘little”’).
nec tsome, cane (‘‘baton’’), ‘‘little
stick of wood?”’
tso’-ots, tso-o’ts (L—4), corn, maize,
cornstalk (cf. ots, grain); E. D.
necdum [neshéum], Indian corn.
tso’-ots a’kane(?), to make corn
into flour, i. e., a mill(?) (D).
tso’-ots a’kop, cornmeal (I).
tso’-ots a’ke, green corn, the corn is
green (or unripe) (‘‘mais tendre’’).
tso’-ots a®, corncrib, barn.
tso’-ots &’m, pounded corn.
tso’-ots he’wip hi'‘le, corn sifted
repeatedly.
tso’-ots hi’le, sifted corn.
tso’-ots hi‘Ickinto, I sift corn.
tso’-ots hi’lene, a sieve for corn.
tso’-ots hi’c, planting Indian corn
(I).
tso’-ots la’ge, ripe corn, the corn is
ripe, ‘‘the corn is hard.”
tso’-ots li‘li, ground corn, cornmeal,
flour, etc., milled.
tso’-dts li‘lind’, corn mill (‘‘moulin
de mais’’).
tso’-ots né’yuc, tso’-ots neyii’c(?),
cornfield, maize field (I).
tso’-ots o’ts. ta’nuk, one grain of corn.
tso’-ots ta‘l, husk of corn (I).
tso’-ots wa’k, ear of corn (I).

BUREAU OF AMBRICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

tso’-ots wa’k tsi, corncob (I).
tso’-ots wa’c, leaves of corn, husks.
tso’-ots ya’kinto, I eat corn, I will
eat corn.
tso’-ots ya’kit, I eat corn now.
tso’-ots yako’, I want to eat corn.
tso’-ots ya’xne, weevil, ‘‘corn eater.”’
wi e’mu tso’-ots, I pound corn (‘‘je
pile du mais’’).
wi tso’-ots a’tkane, I will make corn.
wi tso’-ots pa’mic, I sow corn.
tsOop,
tsoptso’pe, spotted (flowered, in
colors (‘‘semé’’)).
tsdt, to stand (pl.?) (ef. illitt, ta, to).
ha’ ica’k lu’kin tétsd’t tema’kip,
these men go to stand in mud up
to the knees.
icik tso-opi’ctit, they stand twist-
ing(?) (‘ils tordent’’).
kélokwa’ts tsd’t, many bottles stand.
mon hiyitsot, many are standing.
yuki’'t kaukau’ki® tso’-onsél (or tso’-
otsél), we stand in the water.
yu kit tso-opi‘cintsél, we stand twist-
ing(?).
tsk,
tsu’ktsuke, bumpy, rough, rugged.
tstike, cardinal bird, redbird (per-
haps from ts’ok, blackbird, and
kuts, red); EB. D. tsoggs.
tsul,
a okotka’-ue nte’ tsu’l, oko’tka-uc
“a (i)nte’ tsiixl, shirt collars.
tstiim, tsum, to pinch, to scratch(?) (ef.
ts6x). hi’atpe’ tsu’mene, I am on the
point of pinching him.
ha’ tsu’mkinto, I pinch him (now).
wi tsum, I pinch, I seratch(?).
wi ha’ tsu’mo, I pinch him.
wi in tsu’mo, I pinch you.
wi na’‘k tsu’mo, I pinch ye (?).
wi ca’k tsu’mo, I pinch them.
na hitsu’mta or hitsu’mat, you are
going to pinch me.
na tsu’mta, I am going to pinch you.
na ictsu’mta, you are going to pinch
us.
na caktsu’mta, you are going to
pinch them.
ha hitsu’mét, he pinched me.
ha intsu’mét, he pinches -you.
ha tsu’mét ta”, he pinched him
(another).

Geantoul DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 23

ha’ ictsu’mét, he pinched us.
ha’ na’kit (or na’k-) tsu’mét, he
pinches ye.
ha’ caktsu’mét, he pinches them.
ha’t na’hip hitsu’mét, he pinched me
how many times?
wi nak (h)i’'tut tsu’mo, I pinched
ye all.
icak tsu’me, a man pinched; pl.
ea‘ ktsu’me.
ciwa’n tsu’m ha’xe, don’t pinch the
cat!
cokcatst mene, tweezers (for hair, etc.).
tsu’m hikots, I pinch and turn the
skin, I pinch a piece out.
tsu’me ha’xcta, before pinching him.
tsu’me ha’fickin, after pinching him.
tsu’‘mcip, on account of pinching
him, and because (I) pinched him.
tsu’mene, for pinching; pl. ca’ktsu’m-
ene.
tsumthimaan [tsoumthimaan] (C),
tsumciman [tsumshiman] (P),
(1) blackbird, (2) starling (?) (cf.
ts’ok).
tsuc, tsoc,
tsucifie hicla’-ue (I), or tso’cific-
icla’-uc, chill and fever.
ta, to stand (see L-19, 20) (ef. illitt,
tsdt, to).
a® ya‘fi pe’ltat, a house standing far
off.
hiyita’nto, I stand.
hiyita’to, I will stand.
kaukau’ ta’-u ini’kit, the water comes
in.
kaukau’ ta’-u ini’xkit, the water
comes in.
kaukau’ ta-ulo’kit, the water stands
boiling.
ka’-u ne’e caxkita’-une, a scaffold
for the dead (1).
kélokwa’ts tat, a bottle standing (I).
kecé’c ta’-ucakwa’Iento, I fan many
girls when standing.
na tik tat kauka’-ukin, you go and
stand in the water, or you (sing.)
are standing in the water.
nau ta’-uwalwa‘Ickit, the feather is
waving (1).
na‘-u ta’-u walwa’lctit, many feath-
ers are waving.
ne’cpa’l ne’kin tlo’p ta‘t, a post
driven into the ground.
66784—32 9

nec coxkita’-une, scaffolding, scaffold,
“boards to stand on.”

nec coxkita’-une ka’-u, I erect a
scaffold.

ne’c te’xlk tat, the tree is blooming,
the tree stands blooming.

okotka’-ue ma‘ii ko’m-tat, an over-
coat hung up, an overcoat hang-
ing up (lit. standing erect).

tsi’kip tat, (blue) heron, “‘heron
standing.”’

ta‘nto, I am erect.

tat, standing.

ta’-u-hatpa’wickit, standing on a
swing (‘‘je me balance’’).

ta’-uhatwi/ninto Otsota’t ot, ta’u
hatwéni (or hatwéninto) Otsota’t
ot, I pray to God.

ta’-u iki’kit, a drop of water,
“standing and dripping.”

ta-uko’-ikit, he preaches (‘‘il
préche”’); pl. ta-ucokko’-ikit or
ta-ucokcokwa’nkit.

tawatwe’nat, they prayed standing
(L-14).

tuts tanu’kip hiyita’nto, I stand on
one leg.

tema’k itho’pe ta’nto, tema’k itlo’pe
ta’nto, I am on my knees.

Utsuta’tut, to Otsotat (L-14, 15).

wa-i ta-upa’-ukit, the stone is
swinging (like a pendulum); pl.
-tit (D.

wai ta’-u paupa’-utit, many stones
swing.

wi a" ta’t hu’wa, or wi a” hu’wa, I see
a house standing (sometimes they
add tat or ta-u to anything
standing).

wi afi wafné ta’-i tsika’dep tat(o),
my house stands between the road
and the river (D).

wi iyi‘ktat cukiu’lkinto, I stand and
write, I write standing.

wi ta’-u-hatpa’wickit, I balance my-
self (I).

wi ta-uhatwe’ninto, wi tawatwe’n-
into, I pray (God), (‘‘je prie
(Dieu) ’’).

yuki't itét o’tsi tat, Our Father who
art in heaven (standing above).

yuki't ta-uhatwa‘ni Otsota’t d’t, we
pray to God.

124

ta, to leave, to come out.

a/nike nta’héntat, it came out of his
ears (L-20).

a"(i)kin t?ha’ko, I come out of the
house (‘‘je sors de la maison’’).

a’nkin .ita‘ko, I came out of the
house.

a™lak pa‘li yanta’-ulét, a™’lak pa’‘lhi
ya’ nta’-ulat, they have broken the
prison and have gone out (those
inclosed) (‘‘ils ont cassé la prison
et l’ont sorti (ceux enfermés)’’).

ita’xne, to come out (D—140).

kaukau’ 4m’n a’/nike nta’héntat, the
water he had drunk came out at
his ears.

ké’ts pon-nt’ha’n&", or ko’tsispo™
ita’ni, chimney, (‘‘cut into for the
smoke to go out’’).

nta’na®, in order for (smoke) to go
out.

nta’-u, I get out.

po’ ita’né, chimney “for smoke to
leave.”’

po’ck hita’-uc(o), I draw the blood.

p’o ck td’ts hita’-uc, sucking out
blood (D-—56).

p’o’ck tdts hita’-uco, I draw blood
out by suction; pl. cak’hita‘uco.

cakita’-uculat, they let them out
(D-149).

cakla’me p’osk cok’hita’-uckit, the
leech sucks out the blood.

wi it’a’ ku, I want to get out; pl. of
subj. nta’-u (?).

wi nta’ku a” Jak it’hi, I went out of
prison in the evening (‘‘je suis
sorti de la prison le soir’’).

wie nta’ku (or nta‘hu) wi ite’t ini’kat
afiut (or a‘nkin ini‘hat), when I
went out my father entered the
house (‘‘quand j’étais sorti mon
pére est entré dans la maison’’).

wi te’fis a"la’kin ita’hu, I left prison
in the evening (D).

yuk’hi'ti ipcok ok ya pe’neat p’ock
tots-hita’-uc, the Indian doctor
came and cured by sucking blood.

tai [tay], poplar (E. D.).

ta-i, river, brook (D-45) (see akon(st)).

aknak mickét tai’ki, aknak mi‘ckit
tai‘kin, there are eddies in the
river.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

a’fi ta’-i o’, the house is by the river
(I).

afi ta’-i o’at, the house was by the
river (I).

a’fi ta’-i o’tikit (or o’to or ota) the
house will be by the river (I).

Ka’tkac-yo’k ta’-i, Calcasieu River
(I).

kipa’xci ta’-i pa’mici‘ko, I ford a
river on foot (kipa’xci not neces-
sary according to D).

tsanu’kip hite’-uici’‘ko (or ite’w-
i’ciko) ta’-i kipa’xci (hite’wici‘ko),
I ford a river on horseback.

Tsd’k ta’-i, “Blackbird River,’ Bayou
Dinde, near the middle lake, 6 or 7
miles from Lake Charles.

ta’-i atwa‘le, bridge (probable word
used) (I).

ta’-i he’tskit, the river becomes
broader (1).

ta’-i hidco™, small river, gulley, small
ditch.

ta’-i hukina’m, forks of a river in
their whole length.

ta’-i hukinu’l, forks of
(‘‘fourche’’), meeting place.

ta’-i icd’l (or icii’l), bayou, rivulet,
brook.

tai‘kin cakik6’m, I fish in the river.

Ta’-i ko’p ki‘e, ‘‘ White-river Wo-
man,” the name of Delilah Moss’s
sister.

ta’-i ko’c, bend of river (referring
to the water): ta’-i uts, bend of
river (referring to the land).

Ta’-i ku’ds ti’cto, I go to Red River.

Ta’-i ku’ts, Red River.

ta’-i lu‘l ieci’ko, wi ta’-i lu’l ici’ko, I
swam over to the other side of the
river.

ta’-im4& ino’-i, on the other side of the
river.

Ta’-i Mél, Bayou Noir, 15 miles
south of Lake Charles and near
Big Lake (Lake Prien is Indian
Lake).

ta’-i ntu’l, ta’-i ndu’l, the mouth or
pass of a river (“‘riviére entre
au lac’’).

ta’-i o’, by the river, on the bank of
the river.

ta’-i d’c, bank or edge of river.

river

GATSCHET
SWANTON

ta’-i o’ci, the banks of a river, on
the edge of a river (nearer than
ta’-i 0’).
ta’-i o’ci tikua’nto (or tik wa‘fito),
I walk on the banks of a river.
ta’-i 6’c talanka’-u, the bank of the
river is sloping.
ta’-i o’tsi wa’Icti, a bridge over a
river.
ta’-i wa‘lc, the river’s waves.
ta’yip né, island, land of river.
tu’l ta’yut (or ta’-i o’t) iye’ ka’c, the
lake is deeper than the river.
Utse’x ta’-i, Serpent Bayou.
wi afi wanné ta’-i tsika’dep tat(o),
my house stands between the
road and the river.
ta-i, straight.
ta’-i kati’ct, straight, direct it goes.
té’c ta’‘itai, straight hair.
u’ts ta’-i, (pl.) u’ts ta’-itai, a straight
nose.
taic (cf. ta, to leave, and ta”, tan,
other, another).
icdk ta’-ic he’-u, many strangers.
ic&i’k ta’-ic o’kid™ yukit né mo’n
ialpe’hiulét, strangers have come
and taken all our land.
Ta’‘kapo (D-70, 112), Ta’‘kapa (D-93,
120), an Atakapa.
takine’n, takina”’, a string of beads,
prayer beads, a rosary; Ak. oecua
[oechoua] (perhaps from wi, ‘‘my,”
and co, ‘‘seed’’).
hata’kinén (D-127), hataki’n&d (1),
pearl, bead.
hatakinéi”™ o’fi, a cord or string of
beads (o is said not to be the
word for ‘‘cord’’) (I).
takis (cf. tots).
takiskoiheu [takiscoiheu], mocking-
bird (E. D.) (it contains ko-i,
and he-u).
tal (cf. tam).
ta‘leém, full of holes (D-65).
tal, shell, bark, husk, peeling, rind;
E. D. tall, skin (cf. til).
ha‘talko’at, his body turned into
(D-32).
kani‘n ta‘l, shell of a turtle.
néc ta’l, ne’c ta’l, bark of a tree.
né’c tal kima’ti, fiber bark (‘‘bark
inside tree’’).
ne’¢c ta’l 6/1, cinnamon (‘‘cannelle’’).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

125

ne’c ta’‘l 6/1 ina’k, cinnamon color.

noha’me ku’ ta’l, egg-shell.

Cakta‘lko, icakcta’lko, cta’lko, seems
to mean “‘desiring a human being’s
skin,’’ and is said to have been a
name for ‘‘a human skin changed
into a person,’’ a malicious spirit
who went about on all fours with
his head lowered in front so that at
first he looked as if he were head-
less. His body was covered with
hair. He was seen sometimes in
the bushes on Lower Lake Prien in
the daytime. Called ‘‘devil’’ (D),
“turned into something bad”
(L-32 (title)).

cokua’k ta’l, a crust of bread.

tso’-ots ta’l, husk of corn (I).

talanka’-u, slanting, sloping, trending.
né talanka’-u, land sloping, slanting,
trending (1).

ta’-i d’c talanka’-u, the river bank is

slanting, a slope.

talha fic, the little blue heron or crane
(see tsi’kip); Creole la grue (cf.
talko’p, hajic).

talko’p, talkop, talko’pka,
KE. D. yan [iann].

a’ yip texlk ta‘lkop, marsh lily, ‘‘ blue
flower in marsh” (‘‘fleur sauvage
bleue’’).

otse’ talko’p, the blue racer, ‘‘blue
snake.”’

cuk ta‘lkop_he’-u,
things.”

talko’p i‘naha, not much blue, sort
of blue.

talko’pka yi'ltat, light shines blue.

talko’p kop, light blue, ‘‘blue-
white.”

talko’p na’k ta‘lkop, dark blue.

talst, taalst, six (E. D.) (ef. lat).

hallg taalst, sixteen (EK. D.).

hehin taalst, sixty (E. D.).

tam, hole (in ground) (ef. tal).

ne‘kin ta’mc, grave in the ground
(1).

ne’ ta’mkin, in a grave (D-124).

ne-tamni", shovel, spade, ‘‘to make
a hole in the ground.”

(ne-tamo) te’, hole.

nu’l ta’‘mkin, when digging (D-135).

tam him6’c, to dig a grave.

wi ne’-ta’mo himd’cne, I dig a grave.

blue;

“many blue

126 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

wi tikta’mo tiho’p, I went to dig a | tan, ta, taxn (D-—142), other, another

grave.
tam, to ascend, to climb (cf. ta, to
stand).
eku’n na(k) ta’mo, I have just as-
cended, I begin mounting.
ne’cki ta’‘mtsat tamhe’-uc, the spider
goes up the tree.
ne’c he’-u cakta’mo, I climb many
trees.
ne’c ta’mo, I climb a tree.
pa’mtampne, stairs, steps, “‘for as-
cending.”’
tamhe’-uc ha’ pa’‘kin ta’mtsat, the
spider goes into its nest.
wi’ pa’mtampne ta’mo, I ascend the
stairs.
tam, to split.
kako’k nicta’me nit, a five-rail fence.
ne’ckinke tame, lumber mill, ‘‘for
sawing wood.”
nec-kife ta’me a, saw cutting-
house (=sawmill) (D—-135).
nec-ta’‘me, necta’me, board, rail,
“split wood.”
néc ta’mett, a split tree; née
ta’mtamcét, split trees.
ne’c-ta’me ka‘kok, a rail fence.
nec ta’mene’, wedge ‘‘for splitting
wood.”
ta’me, board, “‘splitting.”’
wi nec kutsnaihik ta’meco, I split
with a knife.
wi nec pa’-icik ta’mco, I split with
an ax (wi pa-ic ne’c ikta’mco,
can not be said).
wi né’c tamta’mco, I split (one block)
in several places, and I split many
blocks (each by itself).
tamhe’-uc, spider (‘‘araignée’’) (I).
ne’ cki ta’mtsat tamhe’-uc, the spider
goes up the tree.
tamhe’-uc ha’ pa’‘kin ta’mtsat, the
spider goes into its nest.
tamhe’-uc hila’m (given in one place
as hila’ii), venomous spider (hila’m,
to burn, smart, give pain) (‘‘arai-
gnée venimeuse,” “‘tarantula’’).
tamhe’-uc hili’ni, spider-web.
tan,
it’ha’nkcét, I have vomited.
tane (A. R.), to throw up, tO vomit.

also yet, as yet (perhaps two stems
(see tanu’k, one).

ale ta’n, it is frozen yet, ice yet
(‘‘e’est glacé’’).

ha’cta maka’-u ha‘xcta, it is not yet
fallen.

hila’yi ta’xnik, his other wife (L-17).

hila’ yi ta’xnik pa’mat, his other wife
beat him.

hitét hokét ta’n, the father or the
mother.

ica’k hia’ta®, ica’k ya’tan, the same
man.

icik konyu’ds ta” caktewe’ mo’két,
another young man has come with
the others.

icak ta’n, another man.

ica’k tane’-u (or tan he’-u), many
other men.

icak tanu’k ke-ula’ento, I shave
another as I sit (‘‘curious but they
say it’’).

i’cak tu hia’ ta", always the same man.

ka’-u ha’xe ta‘n, before he died
(D-106).

ki’c ta’xnik wantsit, she said tc the
other woman (D-142).

ki’e ta®’, another woman (1).

komo’k he’-u ok tanu’ka, many differ-
ent baskets.

maf ha‘xcta, before long, ‘‘not yet
long.”

*ntan (D-45), nta’n (D-47), or pe’n
ta, the other cousin.

ca’ ta® ha’ okotka’-uc pa‘tsémo, I
wash one shirt for another (per-
son).

coxko’-i ta’nuk mon cokiya’-i o’tsi
tane’-uts, one chief was high above
all the others.

u’l hiata®’, the same dog (1).

u’l ta®’, another dog (I).

tane’-u (D-117, 122, 146), ta™ne’-u,
the others, the rest (of them).

tane’-uts, all the others, the others
(L-11) (-ts is perhaps an abbrevia-
tion of dts, ‘‘above’’).

ta’ntsipa’l, cocklebur (the
kind), ‘‘sticking to one’’(?).

wi le’ta, wi le’t ta, my female cousin,
“my other sister.”

small

GATSCH tS |
SWANTON

ya’ hidso™ hive’ ta’, he becomes
smaller than the other.
ya ica’k ta", he is a man yet.
ya’ ki’e cokei‘u tane’-uca’k iya’-i,
this woman is the stingiest of all.
yac hidso™ i’ti tane’-us, the rest of
them are the smallest, or they are
the smallest of all.
ya’ yuds iye’ ta, he outgrows the
other.
yule io’-i o’k ’nu’xts a’ ’n ta’nat
’n a’, send me word whether you
can come or not (D-48).
tanko’hi, to jump in (ef. kohits).
John tanko’hi ya’ Ji‘l-ici‘hat, John
jumped in and swam over.
tann, hard (E. D.) (cf. lak).
ta’ntstal, ta’nstal, to’nstal, ti’nstal,
paper (see pon).
tansta‘lik, with cards (D—52).
ta’ntstal hatpa’wico, the paper whirls
about.
tantsta’] lakla’ke, paper money.
ta’ntstal to’‘lka maka’wat, the paper
falls down whirling.
ta’ntstal tle’m (or tle’m), the paper is
torn.
ti‘nstal ikili‘keo, paper soaked
through, paper is soaking through.
tinsta’l kipa’xcip pu’nso, I blow
across (over) the paper.
ya tantsta’] kontte’mo, I have torn
this paper (‘‘ce papier j’ai déchi-
ré”’); pl. ko*te’mtemo.
ya tantsta’l thim, this paper is torn
(‘ee papier est déchiré’’).
tanu’k (L-16, 40; D-81, 118, 139, 142,
149), ta’ ae. (L-11; Pant? one;
E. D. hannik.
ha‘1(é) tanu’kip, one more.
hac no’me tanu’‘k ipu’ts ke, he has
but one child.
ilu’ tanu’kin, one year ago.
i’caik ta’nuk, one man.
icak tanu’kip ki’wile ipco’kat, a
man who was once a doctor.
icak tu’ts tanu’k ke’tsém (or ké’tsep),
a man lame in one leg.
itiyile tanu’k, one month.
kiec tanu’k, one woman (IJ).
né i’weve tanu’k, a mile, ‘‘one land
measure.”
ne’c na tanu’k ko iya’-u, you lift
a stick at one end.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

127

no’me tanu‘k haihai’e hi’kit, a child
is coming down weeping.

no’me ta’nuk ipu’ts, but one child.

num tanu‘k ite’wo, I ride on one side.

o’ktanu’ka, different (D-—78).

cok’hée oktanu’k coka’-at, she had
the same disease (D-—92).

coko’n tanu’k caki’keo, I buy a cow.

cu’l ta’nuk, one dog (I).

tso’-ots ots ta’nuk, one grain of corn.

tanu’kip, once (L—40; D—102, 106, 108).

tanu’k ma‘fi iti’, to overlap, one
longer than the other, one the
longest.

tanu’k euki‘n, tanukcuki‘n, one-half (I)

tu’ts tanu’kip hiyita’nto, I stand o1:°
one leg.

woe pe’ ha tanuk (L), wucpe’ ha’]
tanu’k, eleven.

woc pe’ ha’ tanu’kip, eleven times.

alliu hannigg, one year (E. D.).

halk hannik, eleven (E. D.).

iidl hannigg, one day (E. D.).

tat, belly (E. D.) (cf. kom).
tat, yellow, also green; pl. ta’tat; E.
D. tat, yellow, onntatat, green.

a’e tat kop, light yellow, ‘‘yellow-
white,’’ light green.

a’c ta’t uc, salmon, ‘“‘kind of y allow”
(it also looks like ‘‘this is true
yellow’’).

icla’-uc ta‘t, yellow fever.

icla’-uc ta’tik, of yellow fever (D-88).

ku’tsnin t&’t, copper, brass, ‘‘ yellow
iron.”

ku’ts’n tat i’cdl, brass nail.

ku’ tat, yolk of egg (I) ‘‘egg yellow.”

la’klake-tat, gold color, ‘‘silver-yel-
low.”

mon tat, yellow all over.

ne’c wa’c tat, brown, “‘leaf yellow,”
color of dead leaves.

netatat, ne’-tatat (I), orange (the tree).

noha’me kw’ tat, yolk of egg.

on tat, grass green; E. D. onntatat,
green.

cukeo’e itsktéta’t, lark, meadow
lark (probably, described as a
little larger than a mocking bird),
‘‘vellow breasted bird.”’

taue’ [thaue’], disagreeable (?), (E. D.).
ci taue’ [shi thaue’ (P), shy thaou
(C)]. the smoke is disagreeable
(E. D.).

128

tayo’ ts,
tayo’ts tuka’-u,
‘Vike 3.7
te (D-130), bow (made of hickory)
(ef. te-i); E. D. woe [uosb].
ne’c te’, a wooden bow (I).
té n 6, the bow and the string.
té 6 (D), te’ o’ (I), bowstring.
wo’e te’, the right hand, “the bow
hand”’ (?).
te,
kidso’ne wi ukutka’-uc ma‘fikin te-
ho’p la’wat, the fire burnt a hole
through in my coat.
teho’p-ma’ii, tube, tubiform, “‘long
hole.”
teho’p tsa’ko, to stop up a hole
(‘“‘boucher un trou”’).
té, te’, this seems to indicate plurality.
hila’fi té ne’c, big laurel (‘‘gros
laurier’’), magnolia (?) (a tall tree
with white flowers and no spines).
ne’c tewa’e mafima’fi, magnolia,
‘‘broad-leaved tree.”
ci’'wat té ne’c, prickly ash (‘‘fréne
piquant’’), ‘‘tree with prickles.”
te’ na’-u, the mane (of a horse).
té wac, leaves (té wac said to be
used in sing. and pl.; wac only in
sing.
te’ wac co’ntit, the leaves rustle (in
the wind); sing. wa’c co’nkit (I).
te’ wac tsa’k, dry leaves, a dry leaf
(“‘feuilles séches”’); pl. te’ wac tsak-
tsa’k.
te’ wac wilo’kit (or wilotit), the
leaves fall.
te (possibly =ta, to stand).
te’ nako’-i, you have to speak! get
up and speak!
te-i, vine, creeper, liana; E. D. tsapalst,
vine (probably grapevine); per-
haps Ak. te, ‘fof wood,” though
this may be the word for “bow”
misunderstood.
hila®’ ico®’ te’-i, vine of the little
grapes (‘“‘liane des petits raisins”’).
hila’fi wo’l te’-i, vine of the musca-
dine (“‘la liane de soko”) (L-9.)

pepper (black),

cukte’-i (D-113), cokte’-i, medicine.
hila’fi cukte’-i, a kind of medicinal]
root called “buzzard medicine”’

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

4
[BULL. 108

by the Indians; a tea was made
from it.
o’tse cokte’-i hadie’c, snake venom,
‘‘snake’s bad medicine.”’
cukte’-i a’mu, I take (lit., drink)
medicine.
cukte’-i hadie’c, cokte’-i
poison, ‘‘bad medicine.’’
cukte’-i ki’leu, I swallowed medicine.
wi cukte’-i micu, I doctor somebody,
I give medicine to somebody.
ték, te’ktekc, speckled (see cimc)
ca’me te’ktekc, ‘‘speckled wolf,” a
wild animal, probably the ocelot
or tiger cat (felis pardalis), though
it may be mythical. It is des-
cribed as of the size of a dog,
gray in color, and with a short tail.)
teka’-uc, taka-u’e (I), branch, twig;
pl. teka’me.
né‘c teka’-uc, branch of tree, twig of
tree; pl. né’c teka’me.
ne‘c taka’-uc icki’m, a large thick
limb.
né’c teka’me, (1) brushwood, (2)
branches, limbs of trees (‘‘des
branches’’).
ne’c taka’me icki’m, ne’c teka’me
icki’m, large thick limbs.
ne’c-teka’me kamka’me, the limbs
stand out from (the tree).
ne’c taka’me neyu’c, brush fence
(‘clos fait avec des branches’’).
no’x téka’ms, no’x teka’me (IJ),
antlers, ‘‘many prongs.”
te’k’ho, te’ko, teko’, tik’ho’; barrel.
naki’t teko’ ti’-u Jumlu’micta, go ye
and roll that barrel! (D).
ya’ teko’ tik lumlu’mict(a), go roll
this barrel! (also first pers. sing.).
tegghuiau [tegghouiaou], nine (E. D.).
hallg tegghuiau, nineteen (E. D.).
hehin tegghuiau, ninety (E. D.).
téxlk, te’xlk (I), te’lk (A. R., I), flower
(see tel).
a’yip te’xlk ta’lkop, marsh lily,
“blue flower in the marshes”
(“fleur sauvage bleue’’).
ne‘c texlk tat, the tree is blooming,
“the tree stands blooming.”
téxlk ha’xcta (or ha’xcta,) the flower
is budding, bud, ‘“‘not flowered
yet.”

hadie’e,

GATSCHET
SWANTON

te’xlk hima’ hatse-e’c, this flower

smells bad.

te’xlk hima’ to’l, this flower smells
good.

texlk-kako’k-ti’mkif, rose, ‘‘flower in
the garden.”’

i@’xlk két, bud opened out into a
flower (?), ‘“‘bud sitting.”
te’xlk la’k, sunflower (I).
te’xlk la‘k ne’c, sunflower stalk.
te’xlk ne’c, jessamine, besides all
flowering trees.
te’tk atpa’-ic, the flower opens out.
tel,
an cakte’lcénst, they opened out
their ears (L-40).
haki’t an kima’‘tip ne’ o’ts a’n
cakte’Ient (or telte’lcnst), they
unfolded their ears on the inside
from below up (L-41).
cakte’lco, I open, I unfold; pl. ca’k-
teltele.
-tém, subjective personal pronominal
suffix of the second person plural.
na’kit icu’ltém, you (pl.) caught it.
naki’t tsanu’k cakwinetém nak caka’x-
lecat ka, did you find the horse
which you lost?
na kit tém a’mtém,, you all drank
yesterday(?).
tem (I, D-66, A. R.), yesterday (tefi
is also given but this seems to be
properly the word for ‘‘dusk,” or
“evening” (see iti’); E. D. khat-
tebmn (khat said to=kut, ‘‘this’’).
ha’ te’m a’mat, he drank yesterday.
haki‘t te’m te’m a’mulét, haki’t
te’m a’mulat, they drank yester-
day.
iti te’m, day before yesterday.
kic te’m yuk’hi’ti ko’-iat, she spoke
Atakapa yesterday.
na’ te’m a’mat, you drank yester-
day.
na‘kit (tem) a’mtem, nakit te’m
naka’mat, you (pl.) drank yester-
day.
te’m hitsa’ficét, I was pushed yester-
day (‘‘il m’a poussé hier’).
ti‘k cakno’nso te’m, I took a walk
yesterday, I went visiting out of
doors yesterday.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

129

te’mak, tema’k, ti’mak, knee.
ha’ ica’k lu’kin tiktat tema’kip, this
man goes to stand in mud up to
the knees; pl. tétsd’t.
no’me tema’k itlo’ petit, the children
kneel.
te’mak é@’fic (I), ti’mak ejic, kneecap,
‘knee grease.”’
tema’k itho’pe ta’nto, I am on my
knees.
te’mak kithd’pco (te’mak hithd’pco),
I kneel down, I am kneeling.
te’moke, brant (‘‘outarde’’).
te’mofi, te’mo", timo’m, te’mom;
ashes.
tsit te’mom, tobacco ashes.
tempst, spring (of year) (E. D.).
tempst kaukauheu [tempst cau-
cauheu], the spring is rainy
(‘‘spring-water-much’’) (E.D.).
tefi (L), mother; E. D. teg’n, mother,
tegn, daughter (L denied the
second usage) (see huké’t)
tegn-icpe [tegn-ishpe], young mother
(E. D.).
wi tegn [ué tegn (P), ouéé tegn (C)],
my mother (E. D.).
tens, nephew; tensa’, niece.
tepu’k, ti’puk, te’buk, te’puk (IL-2),
peach.
tepV’k ku’tskuts, te’puk ku’tskuts,
prune, plum (L-3).
tepu’k ku’tskuts ne’kin, plum season.
tepu’k ne’kin, peach season.
tepu’k co’ tuka’-u, almond “‘like a
peach stone,” ‘‘resembling a peach
stone”’ (I).
téc, hair of head; E. D. taeec; Ak. kec
(‘‘cheveux’’).
mu’ kmuk ya’ te’ec, this hair is short.
té’c hatko’tsnto, I crop my hair.
te’c mo’ kmok, short hair.
te’c moi, long hair (L—23).
té’c ta’itai, straight hair.
t@’c wo’lwdl, té’c¢ wulwu'l, curly hair.
wi te’c maiima’fi hatna’-uco, I let my
hair grow long (or I have long hair).
wi te’c mafima’fiu, I have long hair
(‘‘j’ai les cheveux longs”’).
te-u, tail, end.
a’‘knax te’-u ot, a’‘knax te’wat, the
current comes from above.

130 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

no’k te’-u, shoulder; Ak. est.

no’k te’-u me‘Imel, no’kte-u me’Imél
(L-6), goose (tame and wild).

te’-u kamka’m, tail fin(s).

te’-u na’-u, tail feathers (I).

Te’-u Tu’l, Tu’l Te’-u (D-72, 94),
Lake Charles, lake and a village on
the same, ‘‘ End Lake.”’

te’wike tu’ iwat, the boat (or canoe)
comes from above (‘‘la pirogue va
venir d’en haut’’).

te-u,
te’-ute-u, rice.
teyo’, te’yo, te’yux, box, chest, trunk,
valise.

a’ teyo’, this box.

teyo’ a’vné (not a’pné), put the box
right here!

teyo’ hihatse-uwa'nét, I forgot my
trunk,

teyo’ hicakatse-uwa’‘nét, I forgot my
trunks.

teyo’ hiya’p né, put the box right
there!

te’yux kolilawini, te’yux kolilaka’-
una, a match box.

til te’yux yi’mne, a strap for a
valise.

wi teyo’ cukite-uka’ne o’ts ne’-u, I
put the box on the chair.

ti, to go; in E. D. given as tic [tish]
but c is evidently a suffix; Gatschet
gives tic (‘‘aller’”’) in one place.
akipa’-iu(t) ti’cta, I am to travel to
the south.

akma'ltitst, akma‘Ie tits, fall, “go-
ing to be winter.”

ha ica‘k lu’kin tiktat tema’kip, this
man goes to stand in the mud up
to his knees; pl. tétsd’t.

haki't ti‘ucak’n o’nhulet, they took a
walk, they went out of doors
(visiting).

hati‘t tiko’me, apron, ‘hanging in
front as one goes’’(?) (I).

he’-u cakeu’e ka‘-u_ ti‘utit, many
birds fly.

hiki‘u(t) ti’cta, I am to travel to the
west.

hiku’ ti’k ika ko’, I am going to make
some soup for you (‘‘je vous vais
aller.faire du bouillon”; ti‘k ika=
“‘aller pour faire’’).

hiku’ (ti-u) icka ko’, we want to
make soup.

[BULL. 108

hiku’ wi nu’k tik i‘ka ko’, I want to
go to make soup myself.

hicoké’e kco’ yi‘lkit (or yi‘l) mon
ti’co, though I am sick I go out
every day.

hoktewé’ ti’ulat, they left together
(‘ils sont partis ensemble’’).

ho’kuanc ti’eat, ho’kuafickin ti’cat,
he went on the warpath.

ho‘leo(t) ti’cta, I am to travel to the
north.

icik hi’ki-tewé ti’cat, this man ac-
companied me.

icak hiyania’n co’ ti’wé ti’co, I was
afraid of him but went with him.

ickali’t hitiktsa’nu, I go and hide a
child.

iti mai hihaixtikyileo, I wept all
night.

iti ma’fi hiwa’lec tiki‘lat (or tik yi/lat),
I dream all night (until daylight).

iya’fi (or ya‘ni) tiv, there we will go
(D-47).

ka‘kin ti’eta, I go to the woods.

ki‘e ’nto‘lén na‘xkan ti’cén, if you
are a smart woman you will not go
(or would not go).

ku kuds ti‘cto, I go to Red River.

ku‘ltan ok-ti’cat, a long time has
passed (‘‘come and gone’’).

1a’k ti’ci, go quickly!

1a’k timto’, go quick ye!

lo’xkin saki’ns, go and visit on the
prairie! (D-—46).

mom okti’cat, a mole has passed
(“come and gone”) (‘‘a passé
14’).

naki't teko’ ti’-u lumlu’micta, go ye
and roll that barrel!

na tik tat kaukau’kin, you go and
stand in the water! (or you are
standing in the water).

na ti’ct hiua’jo, you send me.

né mak o’tsip ti’cta John tewé(ta),
I will go to the mountain with
John (I).

né mak o’tsip ti’cta wi itét tewe’ta,
I will go to the mountain with
my father (I).

nec net hi‘ko, or ne ti’ko, I climb
down from the tree (wi hi‘ko=
“to come down’? when net is
with it).

’n hatpé’n icti’-Gha (or -thé), when
you are ready we will start.

SWANTON

Se aeanl

*nhi i’nat; hatna’xka pa’-ihiticnina,
you have sent to find me; how can
I return? (‘‘tu m’as envoyé cher-

cher; comment puis-je retour-
ner?’’).

nic hiti’e lo’xkin, I go upon the
prairie.

nt?ha’ dicta, where do you go?
(ta’, where).

nti‘cin tu’lut, when you go to the
lake, it is necessary to go to the
lake (‘‘il te faut aller au lac’’).

okwa’‘fic o’t ti’cat, he went to war
(D-104).
O'dl ’n ictiihi tithe (or ti’une),
when you are near we will start.
6l ’no’kén icti’uéhé (or tiune), if
you come near we will start.

otse’ he’-u ci’utiutit, the snakes go
crawling.

pa’-i (h)iti’cko, I want to go (I
ought to leave).

pa’-i tic, go away then! go back!
(‘‘va t’?en donc!’’).

pu’m ti’ulo, let us dance! (‘‘allons
au bal!’’),

puns tik-micke’co (I), pun tik-
micke’co, I blow something around.

ca‘k ’neu’pats hi’mic ti’kit, who is
going to wash for me? (‘‘qui va
laver pour moi?’’). '

cakhatna’wat tik cak, to go to ask
credit, I borrow (‘‘aller demander
le credit; j’emprunte’’).

co’xko-i hat’ti’dsulat, they went to
law with him.

cu’l pakna’-u ti’k ya’ pu’x hatipa’ts-
icat, the dog runs and turns a somer-
sault.

ta’-i ka ti’ct, straight (or direct) it
goes.

Ta’-i Ku’'ds ti’cto, I go to Red
River.

ta’-i O’ci tikua’nts, ta’-i o’ci tik
wa fito, I walk on the banks of a
river; pl. ti'u wa‘fito (I).

tanu’kip ti’cat, once she _ started
(D-106).

tik ha‘’nét, he came near (from tik,
“going,” and han, ‘almost,’
“near’’).

tik’hu ko’hat, she wanted to go (and
see) (D-105).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 131

tik’hu’wo, I go and visit somebody,
I went to visit somebody (or
hu’-uo).

ti‘k ni‘hue, go and lie down!

tik’ pa’ yat, she turned back (D—107).

tikpum ne‘kin, at the dancing
place (D-27).

tikpu’mudl (or tikpi’mst), where
they went to dance (L-27),

tik cakno’nso te’m, I took a walk
yesterday, I went out of doors
yesterday.

ticaha’xcne, not to go.

ti’e a’-ucat, she could not go (D-106).

ti’c ha’xene, not to go (D-111).

ti’c ko’ hat, she wanted to go (D-110).

ti’ene, to go (D-110).

ti’ct, having gone.

ti’c(t) hiwa’cét, I send you (now)
(‘‘je t?envoie (& cette heure’’)).

ti-u, tiv (D-47), going.

ti-u-akna’kit tu’l hukinu’l, it flows
into the lake.

tiula ina’ha, shall we go yonder?
(‘‘allons nous 14-bas?’’).

ti‘ulo, let us go (‘‘nous allons!’’).

ti’une, to go, to proceed (D-126).

tiu nokiento, ti-u no’kicinto, you
(pl.) go and lie down!

tiu-pa’mtét né’cik, they are going
to beat with a club.

to’lpo(t) ti’cta, I am to travel to the
east.

tu’l o’t nti’ené, you must go to the
lake.

tu’lut nti’en to’lhi, you should go
to the lake (‘‘tu serrais aller au
lac’’).

tu’‘lut ti’ct hiwa’hiulat, I have been
ordered to go to the lake, they
have sent me to the lake (‘‘on
m’ordonne d’aller au lac’’).

wan ti’cto, you go to the dance.

wi né ti’co, I go downstairs, ‘“‘I go
downward.”

wi né-yu’ckin pakna’-u ti’co, I run
across a field.

wi nu’fi o’t. (or u’t) pa’i hiti’e(t) ko
I want to return home (‘‘to my
village’’).

wi coko’n nima’-ul kahiyat tik’hu’,
I went to the place where they
had. killed an ox (tik’hu, ‘‘ai
visité’’).

132

wi‘c hiti’cnén, I must go, I have to go.

wie hiti’e tu’lkin, I go upon the lake.

wic tikpo’tsicu, I go and turn loose.

wic tittli’kento, I smoke (can also
be said of the habit of smoking).

wic titttu’kco, I have been to smoke

(‘‘j’ai été fumer’’).

wi ti’cta, I go away; pl. yuki't ti’uta.

wi tict ’nw4’co, wi tict nua’ jo, I sent
you (tict, past; tic, present).

yan (or hiya’n) tic, go over there!

yan yuki't icti’uto, shall we go
there?

ya’ teko’ tik lumlu’mict(a), go and
roll this barrel! (I) (also Ist
pers. sing.).

yuki‘'t kin cakti’ts, we carry them
home (D-51).

yuki't ti-u (or ti’via), we go upon
the prairie.

yuki't tiu o’-ilo, let us go to sleep
(‘‘allons dormir’’).

yu kit tiupo’tsicu, we go and turn
loose.

yukit tiucakpo’tsicu, we go and
turn many things loose.

yu'kit tiucak’nonstsél, we take a
walk, we go out of doors.

tik, arrow (D-130); E. D. skenne’; tik

(tieq), the Ak. word meaning
“‘sunpowder,”’ is probably identical
with this.

ku’dsnain ti‘k icdt, an iron arrow-
head (I).

tik a’xp pe’m, shoot (your) arrow
right here!

ti’k kaukau’kin po’le-wa’nkit, an
arrow floats in the water (1).

tik icit, arrowhead (anciently of
stone).

ti’k icd’m, lead, bullet, ‘‘little arrow’”’
(‘‘fléche petite’’).

ti‘k pém, go and shoot!

tik po’tsic, (1) shoot the arrow!
(2) turn it loose!

tik po’tsico o’tsot, I shoot an arrow
up perpendicularly.

ti‘k puns (I), dik puns (or pu‘nsne)
blowgun.

tik (D-—-99), until, till (probably from

ti, “to go,’ and sig. ‘‘going on
until’).

tik imd‘ctin, up to the funeral, till
the funeral, (D—-123).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

tik nome lat ke’at, until she had
three children.
tik yi'lco, tik yi'l, till day.
ya’-u ‘tik hi’ok’n, wait till I come!
tixt, ti, to lie down (D-150).
a‘le tixt, all is frozen over, ‘‘ (all) lies
frozen”’ (‘‘c’est glacé’’).
a’nkin ti’xkin, while lying in the
house (D-122).
hi‘tixt, I am in bed, I lie.
nif ti’xt min wa‘fiu, I walk every-
where in the village.
o’i ti’xt, he lies asleep.
pa’m nu'lip ti’xt, tracks of many
lying there.
pa’'m ti’xt inu’lulat, they left many
footprints lying there.
pélkin ti(xt), lying on the bed
(D-76).
ca coke’c ti’xt wi hi’nai, I think
someone lies sick (‘‘je crois qu’il
y a quelqu’un de malade’’).
tati’hin-tat, he lay down (L-19)
tikinto, I am going to lie down.
ti’xt hatpa’-uckit, I swing lying in a
hammock.
ti’'u ko’-ikinto, I speak while lying
(in bed, etc.).
wi ko’mep ti’hito, I lie on the belly.
yil lat himato’l-u tati’hin-tat, he
lay down for three or four days.
skin, leather, hide, a leather
strap.
an-hipo’n ti‘l, rabbit skin (I).
hd’pene Ja’ns ti’l hu‘i, the awl is
under the buckskin (I).
hd’pene la’ns ti’] hu’itikit, the awl
will be under the buckskin (1).
hd’pene la’ns ti’l hu’yat, the awl
was under the buckskin (I).
]a’ns til, buckskin (I).
coko™ ti’l, coko’m ti’l, skin of ox.
til hat’hiyiamne, belt, strap for
girding myself.
ti‘l haty&’mne, belt for girding one-
self.
til te’ yux yA’mne, strap for valise.
till, till, elm (E. D.).
tim, picket, paling.
kako’k ti’m, yard, court, garden,
‘picket fence”’ (tim=tam?), “split
board fence.”
te’xlk-kako’k ti’mkin,
the garden,”’ rose.

til,

“flower ip

GATSCHET
SWANTON

tim,
afi ti’‘mnin, candle, “for lighting
the house.”’
imti’mna yé'lic,
(im=a/fi(?) ).
imti’mne, candle (I).
timn4", for lighting.
ti‘mka, many times, often.
timokst, bustard (‘‘outarde’’) (P),
buzzard (C) (E. D.).
tins, gall, bile.
tippell, feet (E. D.).
tippell caa [tippell shaa] (C), tippell
ha (P), toes (perhaps caa should
be cka, small (E. D.).
tica’t, brain (cf. ica’t) (perhaps from
kimati icat, inside head, or from
te (pl.) and icat).
ti-u, to broil (cf. wak).
al ti’u, broiled meat.
al tiund, a gridiron.
coko’n ti’u, roast beef.
wi 4l ti‘ukinto, I broil meat on a
gridiron, etc. 4
ti-u, swiftly (D seems to deny this
meaning but she was evidently
wrong) (ef. tiuxts) (from ti to
go?).
ti‘u akna’‘kit (ta’-i), the river runs
swiftly or rapidly.
ti‘u ha’-ukit, it snows continuously or
fast.
ti‘u kaukau’kit, it rains hard.
ti’-umi’myi'Ickit, it is lightning.
ti’-upo’kit, it drizzles or mists fast.
ti'uxts, tiu’xts, tu’-uxts, slowly, a
little (ef. ti-u).
tsanu’k tu’-uxts tsa’t, the horse is
pacing, the horse is going slow.

light the candle!

tiu’xts akna’kit, the river runs
slowly.

ti‘uxts po’kit, it drizzles or mists
gently.

ti‘uxts kaukau’kit, it rains gently.

ti‘uxts két ia’-uc, I can not keep
still, I am restless.

ti-u’xts pakna’-u, I run slowly.

ti’-uxts wa’nkit, he walks or comes
slowly, he behaves.

tiuxts yimyi'Ickit, it is lightning
slowly.

wi ti’uxts ke’t’nto, I sit still or quiet.

tiw6é, tewé, with, close to, near.
hakit o’] caktiwé, close to them.
hitiwé, come with me!

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

133

hoktewé, cokia’ yo, we eat together.

hoktewé’ ti’ulat, they left together
(‘ils sont partis ensemble’’).

hoktewé to, we are together (L) (see
to).

hoktiwé (D-—99),
together

hoktiwé imd’culat, they inhumed all
together (D-130, 133).

oktewé (D-—127),

hoktiwé icwa’néht, we will walk
together (D-—45).
icik hi’ki-tewé ti’cat, this man

accompanied me.
icik hiyania’n co’ tiwé ti’co, I was
afraid of him but went with him.
icak konyu’ds ta’ caktewe’ mo’két,
another young man has come with
the rest.
ictiwé, close to us.
ku‘lke hoktewe’ to’xntsél, ku‘lke(?)
hoktewe’ to’xntsé6l, we have been
together always.
mon ho’ktiwé pt’mlo, let us dance
all together!
né mak o’tsip ti’cta John tewé(ta),
I will go to the mountain with
John (I).
né mak o’tsip ti’cta wi itét tewe’ta,
I will go to the mountain with my
father (I).
wi kan pa’-i o’kta John tewé, I will
go home with John (1).
tkigpiim, (or tkigptim) squirrel,
ground squirrel (E. D.).
txiit, tii’t, cypress.
tu’t a’i, swamp, cypress swamp.
-to, imperative suffix of the second
person plural.
hathu‘nto, look here ye!
iya’-unto, wait ye!
ko’finto, catch him ye!; sing. kon.
lak timto, go quickly ye!
naki’t 4’mto, drink ye!
uk 4’mto, come ye and drink!
to, to sit, to stand, to be there, to be
alive (pl. of ke?) (ef. illitt, tsdt, ta,
totai) (wic to, I sit, can not be
said).
hoktewé to, we are together.
hoktiwe to’‘hulat, she Jived with her
father, ‘‘they sat together.’’ (D-—
99).
ku’lke hoktewe’ to’xntsol, ku’lke
hoktewe, to’xnts6l, we have been
together always.

134

nu nkin to’hulat, they lived in vil-
lages (D-31).
to (h)okwa‘Ientsél, we fan each other
sitting.
wic to’hu, I live (wrong?).
yap ne to, upon this spot or place.
yuki't no’mesém tu’xtsél, we chil-
dren stayed alone (D-108).
yuki't nu’k tu’xtsél, we stay by our-
selves; sing. wi nu’k ké’to, I stay
by myself.
yuki’'t to okatka’mckitnto, we sit
scratching each other.
to,
to ku’p ina’ha, sort of whitish, half
white and half gray.
to-u’e i‘naha, purple, violet, dark
gray(?).
tohi, to-i, to get into, to enter.
ne’c-pa’l idso™’kin to’(h)i-a, getting
into a buggy (D-46).
ne’e-pa'lkin to’hio, I got
wagon.
wic to’hia nespa’lkin to’hia, I get
into a carriage.
wic to’hia tu’kin to’hia, I get into a
boat.
wi tu’ (kin) to’hia, I get into a boat;
obj. pl. cakto-i.
yuki't to’-itstl, we get in.
to’hinak, just so, because, therefore
(‘‘e’est pourquoi’’).
tok, dull.
kudsné’n t6’k, kudsni’n td’k, a dull
knife; (pl.) to’ktok.
to’kitsit, grasshopper (I).
togsk6 (thoggskee), pigeon (H. D.).
toke, ball, round, globular, to make
into a ball, to wind up.
a‘le to’ke, a chunk of ice.
ho’kicom ti’ke, a_ spool,. “thread
wound up” (‘‘une pelote de fil’’).
ica’t to’ke, round heads (D-54).
o’kin to’ke,, wrapped in a blanket
(D-126).
o’kin tokeculat, they wrapped in a
blanket.
cokto’ke, ball (?) (D-64).
co ktokcik, with the ball (D-64).
to‘ke no’me a®*ka’mene, ‘‘ball for
children to play with.”
to’keo, I wind up.

into a

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

To’ktoke (usually contracted to
To’toke), ‘‘Round (Eyes),’”’ the
native name of Delia Moss.

tol, head, end.

kotsto’le, square but with the corners
cut off.

tolho’pe hokicd’mik oyu (or d/ne
or Ofte), I thread a needle (‘‘j’en-
file un arguille’’).

tolho’peik ikika’wet, tolho’peik hi-
atka’-ucat, I ran a needle into the
skin.

tol kéma’kict tanu’k hike’, tol-
géma’kict tanu’k hike’, I have one
pin.

to’lki makict héts (or to‘lk hima’kic),
a large pin, a long pin, a breast pin,
‘“‘a large thing with the end made
into a knob.’

tolo’peik itkatka’wico, I stuck (or
punctured) myself with a needle,

wi to’]-kéma’‘kict, wi to’l-géma’kict,
my pin.

wi tolhd’ pe, my needle, “hole in end.”

tol, anus.

tol, good, well, healthy, excellent, all
right; E. D. tole [tolch] or totch,
an evident misreading (including
-c suffix) (cf. hu).

ha’-ac to’l atvi’v, he thinks he is
good.

haki‘ts to’ltol atvi’vél, they think
themselves good.

he’ (k)co’ to’lha, strong but not good
(wine).

hinadk wito’-ul eukia’ko, hinak wi
to’] cukia’ko, I have eaten enough,
(or well).

icik paito’‘luc, a generous man, ‘a
too-good man’”’; pl. icak paitol-
to’luc, many too good men, many
generous men.

ica’k co’x keé to’lha’, ica’k co’keo
to’lha’, a. good-for-nothing (‘‘un
bon-a-rien’”’).

icak tul, icik tol, a good man, a
liberal man (D).

ica’k to’lat, he was a good man
(D-102).

icak woc tu'l, a right-handed man.

ica’t to’l ké, having a good head
(‘bonne téte ayant’’).

er
SWANTON

ito] ha, I am unwell, “I am’ not
good.”

kitsa’k a’mne to’l ha’, the drinking of
whiskey is not good.

ki’e ’nto’lén na’xkan ti’cén, if you are
a smart woman you will not go
there (or you would not).

ki‘c to’l, a good woman.

la’ klake to’l hi-i’kicat, he has paid me
good money (‘‘il m’a payé argent
comptant (or bon) ’’(?).

ne’e akili’‘ke to’lka la’u ha‘xc, wet
wood doesn’t burn well.

ne’c 4’n himat to’lka),
smells good.

né-cilenin i] to’lka ci‘Jentat, a new
broom sweeps well.

néc to’l, hard or ‘‘good”’ wood; pl.
néc to’Jtdl.

*nto’l a’, is it well with you? (D-68).

pa-ito’lucat wi’ ot, he was too good
to me (D-104).

cla nto’la, are you well? (according
to Teet Verdine).

coxto’], luck (D-52).

coxto’l he’-u wic ke’y I have (much)
luck.

ta’nstal to’lka maka’wat, the paper
falls down whirling.

te’xlk hima” to’l, this flower smells
good.

to’l a’, it is good (‘‘e’est bon’’).

to’lka, to’l ka, well done, well.

to’‘lka at’hu’, to’lkatu’, be careful!
watch!

to‘lka hatu’ wa‘ii, to’]ka hat’hu’
wa’, he takes care of himself.

to‘lka heyi’kiulat, they paid me well.

to‘lka ’npa’xcén, to’lka-anpa’xcén,
listen well! (‘‘écoute bien!’’).

to’‘lkat a’tpaxe, listen well!

to’‘lkat hu’o, Iam careful (not to’lka).

to‘le, gentle, domesticated, not wild;
pl. to’ltole.

td’ts *ntu’le, suck it out!, “‘make it
good by sucking!”’ (D).

tu] ka’kit, he lives well (or with
comfort), he does well.

wic to’lkat hu’, I watch, I am on the
Jookout.

wi to’lka-u, I cure, ‘‘I make good’’;
tol-nka’-u, I make good (L)
(probably should be ‘‘you make
good’’).

the soap

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

135

wo nnin to’l, a good road, a good
way.

wo’e tol, right hand, “good hand.”

yil to’l, the sky is clear, it is a fine
day, ‘‘day good.”

yi to’l tsa’k hi’nai, I think that it
will be good weather and dry
(“je erois qu’il fera beau temps et
sec’’).

igg] tolct [iggl tolsht (P), iig tolch (C)],
the day is fine or clear (E. D.).
lak tole [laeg tolch], the day is clear
or good (C, E. D.).
teg-idlect tolet [teg-idlesht tolsht],
the moon shines (H. D.).
tagg totch [evidently for lagg tolch],
the sky is clear (P).
tol,
to’] ku’ts i’naha,
resembling red.”
to’li, to’lpo (I), east.
to‘like icak, an eastern man.
to’lpot ino’, on the east side (D-71).
to’Ipo ti’cta, I am to travel to the
east (to’lpo, two suffixes?).
ya’ icak to’like Ot, this man comes
from the east.
to’’nta’fm (L—34), to’unta’v’m (D-34),
to’ nta’vm (L-34), sometimes.
to’pict, oak, acorn; E. D. tops, oak.
to’pict né’c, oak tree (any species).
tosigs [thosiggs], tholsiggs (C), the
little blue heron (EK. D.) (see

brown, ‘‘nearly

tsikip).
tots, to suck, to kiss.
hatd’‘tso, I suck (reflexive) (for

hat-td’tso).

(h)okto’tstsél, we suck (reciprocally).

kat-tu’ts, a kiss.

p’o’ck td’ts hita’-uc, sucking blood
out (D-56).

p’o’ck tots hita’-uco, I draw the
blood out by suction: pl. of obj.
cak’ hita’uco.

cakla’me to’tskit, the leech is suck-
ing.

td’ tskit, it sucks.

tots ’ntu‘le, suck it out!

wic hitd’tso, I suck; iterative tots-
totso.

wic ka’t-td’ts(o),
“mouth’’).

I ° Kiss? (kat=

136

tots,
tots-koi’-he’-u, mocking bird, ‘‘talk-
ing much?”’; E. D. takis-koi-heu
[takiscoiheu (P), taquis koi heou (C)]
tot, soft, silken.
na’-u tot, down (feathers), ‘‘silken
feathers.”’
Kic-tét, a woman’s name, ‘‘ Down-
woman.”
totai (cf. to).
to’taiha’xc, for nothing; the Eastern
Atakapa (or Opelousa?) equiv-
alent for to’taiha’xc was ko’n-
konpetina’‘ha.
yac nak tu’ taiha’xc nka’kit, ya’c nak
tu’taiha’xe, you do that for nothing.
toto’c, penis (cf. kams and jakoms).
tu, cane.
neck-ol tu, neck-ul tu, nick-ol tu
(also given as ne’c kotu’ and ne‘c
kultu’), sugarcane.
neck-ol tu li‘lind, ne’ckoltu li’lind,
sugar press, sugar mill.
tu’ ai’, swamp, ‘‘cane swamp’’; given
as tu’t ai by one informant.
tu’ at’ho’pe, tu’ kalho’pe, the cane is
hollow (L). (D has tu’ kat’ho’pe
which is evidently wrong).
tu’ik ka’, made of cane (D—128).
tu’ ico’me, small cane (used for
arrows).
tu, boat, canoe; Ak. niltaks [niltax],
ship, vessel.
ha’ tu’ icuhe’, he is uneasy about his
boat.
icak tu’két, man in a boat.
cu'kike tu’ iwat, the boat (or canoe)
comes from below (‘‘la pirogue va
venir d’en bas’’).
te’wike tu’ iwat, the boat (or canoe)
comes from above (‘‘la pirogue va
venir d’en haut’’).
tu’ hidso’n, a skiff, a canoe.
tu’ hdpke’, the boat is leaking,
“boat has a hole.”’
tu’ kaukau’ hu’i ko’hits, the boat
sinks to the bottom.
tu’kin to’hia, I get into a boat.
tu’-ké’ mene, tu’-ké’me (D-47), row-
boat.
tu’ po’-ip wa’fi, tu’ po’p wan (1), tu’
po’ wa‘n, steamboat, ‘‘boat going
by smoke.”
tu’ cil, schooner (‘‘bateau 4 voiles’’).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

tu’ ci‘l ok’hia’ ké, the schooner has a
sail.
wi'c hiti’c tu’lkin, I go upon the lake.
wi tu’ (kin) to’hio, I get into a boat;
pl. cakto’i.
tuk, to bring, to fetch.
ol tu’ko wi afi ot, 0/1 ti’k’ho wi a’fi
ot, I bring home a persimmon.
cakwiné cokwa’fiic ya’ coktu’kulét,
finding them, let them drive them
up and fetch them (D-60).

wi tsanu’k tu’ko, I fetch my horse;
(pl.) caktu’ko.

wic tsanu’k wa’‘fiic tu’ko, I drive the
horse up.

yuki't a’/fi ot ti’kto, we will fetch it
home.

tuka’-u, tika’-u, resembling, like; to

look like, to resemble.

ikunyu’ts caktika’-u, she looked
young like them (D-75).

kucmél tuka’-u, monkey, ‘‘resemb-
ling a negro’’; pl. cuktuka’-u.

oktika’-u, hoktuka’-u, resembling
each other, what resembles (‘‘cela
se ressemble’’).

co’k oktika’-u ha’, things differing
among themselves.

tsi’ma kuts tuka’-u, (white) shrimp,
“like a crawfish.”

tayo’ ts tuka’-u, black pepper “like(?).”’

tepu’k co’ tuka’-u, almond, ‘‘like a
peach stone.”

tla’ke tuka’-u, a kind of dull color, a
dirt color (‘‘maniére de couleur
sale’’).

walwa’le caktika’-u (or caktuka’-u),
wavy, looking like waves.”

wic ikunyu’ts caktika’-u, I look
young.
tul, lake, ocean (I); KE. D. ciwdn

[shiuon]; Ak. kok6 [cocaue], ocean
(‘‘water’’).

nti’cin tu’lut, when you go to the lake,
it is necessary for you to go to the
lake (‘‘il te faut aller au lac’’).

ti-u-akna’kit tu’l hukinu’l, it runs
into the lake.

tul he’ts, ‘‘big lake,” the ocean, also
specific name for the biggest of
the lakes about Lake Charles
and the name of an Indian village
there (I).

tu’l ka’c, a deep (‘‘creux’’) lake.

GATSCHET
SWANTON

tul ka’ckit, it is flood tide.

tu’lkin, in the lake (D-—146).

tu’l ma ino’-i, across the lake (D-100).

tul nal, low lake (?).

tul na‘let, it is ebb tide.

tul na‘lkit, the tide is ebbing.

tu’l nd’, village on the lake (‘‘ village
sur le lac’’).

tu’l o’t nti’cné, you must go to the
lake.

tu’l ta’yut iye’ ka’c, the lake is
deeper than the river.

Tul Te’-u (D-72, 94), Te’-u tu’'l,
“End Lake,’’ Lake Charles lake.

tu‘lut nti’cn to’lhi, you should go to
the lake, it is good that you go to
the lake (‘‘tu serrais aller au lac’’).

tu‘lut ti’ct hiwa’‘hiulat, I have been
ordered to go to the lake, they
have sent me to the lake (‘‘on
m’ordonne d’aller au lac’’).

tu’l wa’le, the waves, of the sea (‘‘les
lames de la mer’’) (D); verb tu’l
wa lIekit.

tu’l wa/le na‘k wale, lake billows
are big (they were thought to be
wrathful).

ya pole wa‘nkit tu'lki(n), that
floats on the laké (‘‘cela flotte
sur le lac’’).

Yuk’hi'ti tu’l (D-71, 95, 134), Yuki'ti
tu’l, ‘Indian Lake.’’

Ywhi'ti tu’lip, on Indian Lake
(L-35).

tu’ts, leg, foot; E. D. tets, leg; Ak.

tus [tous].

icik tu’ts
man.

icak tu’ts tsi’k ké’tsép, a man lame
in both legs.

icik tu’ts tanu’k ke’tsém (or ké’tsep),
a man lame in one leg.

né tutsi/le (=né tu’'ts tsa/le), I
stamp with the foot.

ciwon tu’ts, leg of cat.

tu’ts hatto’kico, I bend the leg.

tu’ts he’-u, centipede, ‘‘many feet.”

tu’ts ko’m-al, calf of leg.

tu’ts na‘l, (1) calf of leg, (2) tendon
or ligament of foot.

tits tsi, shin bone and ankle.

tu’ts tanu’kip hiyita’nto, I stand on
one leg.

koko’k, a bow-legged

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

137

tu’ts wa’, bone marrow (I).
tut, before, coming.
a’ elu’ tut, the spring of this year.
elu’ tu’t, spring (1).
hika’-untét yi‘l tu’tan,
before day.
yil tu’t, yi‘l tit (D-108), yi'l tu’tan
(1), before daylight.
yil tut nen ol, a little before day-
light.
tla, tta’ (I), mosquito (proper term).
tla’kict or la’kict (L-7), kantak (a
smilax).
tla-0, klau (A. R.), light (in weight).
he’ts keo tla’-u, big but light.
tla’-u na‘k tla’-u, very light (to lift).
tlake, dirty; pl. tla’tlake (distinct from
tloke).
na’ it la‘ke, your face is dirty (I).
co’ kat ka’ tla’ke, a large pile of dirt
(‘‘un large sale’’).
tla’ke tuka’-u, dirt color (‘‘maniére
de couleur sale’’).
wi it tla’ke, my face is dirty.
tlém, t’tém, t’lam, txem, tem; to tear.
ko’ txe’mo, I tear (“‘ je déchire’’; (pl.)
ko"te’mtemo).
ta’ntstal tle’m (or tte’m), the paper
is torn.
ya’ cul ha’ a’n tlemtte’m, the ears of
that dog are torn.
ya tantsta’l kon tle’mo, I have torn
this paper (‘‘ce papier j’ai dé-
chiré’’).
ya tantsta’l t’lam, this paper is torn
(‘‘ce papier est déchiré’’).
tlo, tto, to (cf. Am, hiki’, ilu’, itsai,
also tloke).
kaukau’ ta-ulo’kit (A. R.), kaka’-u
ta-utlo’kit, the water boils (ta-u=
standing).
tloke, turbid, roily, muddy (distinct
from tlake).
kau‘kau tlo’ke, turbid water, muddy
water.
kau’kau u’c tlike, the water is roily,
or muddy.
tlom, tom, to spill, to upset.
(h)ito’me, upside down, I spilt or
upset something (L).
tto’mico, I spill many things.
wi ilo’mcét, I have upset, or spilt (a
bottle).

I awoke

138

tlop, top, to prick, to stick into.

al 10’p, al top (A. 'R.), a stick on
which to roast meat.

kaxl0’ pe, water chinkapins (?) (D-—48)
(see hop).

kuena’két to’pict, spurs, ‘‘what pricks
the flanks.” '

ku’enak caklo’pene, spurs.

ne’cpa’l ne’kin tlo’p ta’t,
driven into the ground.

ne’¢e tlo’pne, a post (I).

eoklopia’n&i (or coklopiaxné), fork,
“stick with which to eat.”

a post

lo‘pico, to prick (‘‘piquer”) (‘‘I
prick’’?).

wi ku’enak eaklo’peo, I prick the
flanks.

wi ne’e tlo’po ne’kin, I stick a post
into the ground.
wi tfopna’-u, I stick up something all
over: I cause to stick into.
wi to’picto, I will prick.
wi to’po, I prick.
wi nee ne’kin tlo’po, I stick a post
into the ground.
tlop, thop (perhaps identical with the
preceding).
no’me temak itlo’pctit, the children
kneel (temak=kneel; nome=chil-
dren).
te’mak h(k)itho’pco, I kneel down, I
am kneeling.
tema’k itho’pe (or itlo’pe) ta’nto, I
am on my knees.
tlot,
né_ tlo’t,
“butte.”
tluk, tiuk, to smoke tobacco.
ke’-ucuxkinto na‘ke ke-uciu’]kinto, I
smoke while writing (?).
tsit-tlukene, tsik-tlukené (D—127),
tobacco pipe.
wi tsit tli’kento, I will smoke to-
bacco.
wie ke’-utluxkeco ya _ cokiuleo, I
smoke and I write.
wic tittu’kento, I smoke (and can be
said of the habit of smoking)
(perhaps tit should be tsit).
wic tittu’kco, I have been to smoke
(‘‘j’ai été fumer”’).
u, or (?).
lat himato’-l-u, three or four.

small elevation, slope,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

uici, wici (Gatschet seems to have
witci), large, big (E. D.) (see uc).
ne’ uici [ne’ uishy], the earth (or
land) is large (E. D.).
uicik [ouichik], big, thick (‘‘gros’’)
(KE. D.).
uicin [uichin], broad, wide (E. D.).
uk, shell (closed) (‘‘palourde’’), oyster
(iwal=an open shell).
uk, boil, ulcer (1).
uk ico’m, pimple, ‘‘a little boil.”
uxts, uxts, to know, can, able.
a’ (h)atu’xtsat, I remember this.
a‘tnaxka ma fi ke’t ’nu’xts a, how
long can you stay? (D—44).
hiuhtsa’, I do not know (a=ha).
(h)iu’xts atka’ki, ever since I knew
her (D-73).
hiu’xtsat na, or hiatu’xtsat na, I
remembered you.
icak cokeaktsifie ko” u’xts, they can
catch the thieves (D-61).
ké’me hia’-ucén ika’-uts’n, if I had
not known how to row he would
have been drowned.
o’k iu’xts, I can come, I am able to
come.
caka’-u ko’-i u’xts, those who know
how to speak the language of the
dead (‘‘ceux qui savent parler la
langue des morts’’).
cakwa’nts u’xtsit, she could tell
(D-84).
cok he’-u cakwa’‘nts u’xtsat,
could tell many things.
co’k-he’-uxts, cok i’uxts, I know it,
I know something.
cokia’xti (or cuk-ya‘hi (?)) a‘ue, I
can not eat.
cokia’ti (or cok-ia’hi) uxts (or uxts),
I can eat something; u’xtsat, past
action.
cok co he’-uxtsa’, I know nothing.
coku’xts, smart, intelligent, sensible
(“il connait beaucoup’’).
co’kuxts (h)a’xc, a fool, ‘‘a know-
nothing.”
co’kwan cakuxtsic, an interpreter.
cukiu’le hatu’xtsict a”, a school-
house, ‘‘a book-learning house’”’
(I).
yu’kit hatu’xtsicta o’kit, we come for
learning.

she

GATSCHET

Gece DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 139

-ul, they (subjective pronominal suffix icak co’kuan uce’ha, a liar, a perfidious

of the third person plural).

ei. hiwa’hulat, they called him by
name.

hatutund tsa’lulat, they broke the
looking-glass.

hiwa’hiulat, they ordered me.

Hiye’kiti cakio’ficulat, they called
them Easterners.

hoktewe’ ti’ulat, they parted in com-
pany.

i’cak cakya‘lulét, they took the men.

kaukau’ ka’ckin wine’-ulat, they
found high water.

nu’nkin to’hulat, they lived in
villages.

pam tixt inu’lulat, they left many
footprints.

cakita’-uculat, they let them out.

coktu’kulét, they bring them.

cuka’‘ulat, they danced religiously.

tsi’peulat, they removed.

to’lka heyi’kiulat, they paid me well.

wi fulat, they believed.

wine’-ulat, they found.

wi coko’n nima’-ul kahiyat tik’hu’, I
went to the place where they had
killed an ox.

uc, te (I), body (human and animal) ;

E. D. hathe’, body (‘‘le corps”’).
ha’ u’ec, his body (L-34).
uc mon (h)e’he (or ehe’c), my whole
body is aching.

uc, big(?), applied to a large village

or town, or to a city; probably
the E. D. uici (q. v.), and possibly
identical with the following form.

nuf-u’e, a big village, a town
(‘‘ville’’), specifically New Orleans
@),. :

nifi-u’cip coko’-i (or
kitsa’k a’m-kawét, the
judge was drunk.

nti fi-uc mo’n, the whole city.

nu fi uc wa’ fine, a street.

wi na” u’ckin ke’ta, I stay in New
Orleans.

co’ xko-i)
village

uc, fic, fic(t), true, truth, so, it is so,

real, genuine.

ac mel u’e, this is genuine black.

a’ kitsa’k he u’e, this whiskey is too
strong.

hi‘lak uca’, the wind does not blow
hard (uca=uc ha).

66784—32 10

person, ‘fa man who does not tell
the truth.”

kaukau’ u’e tsa’t, the water is run-
ning.

kaukau’ u’c tlo’ke, the water is
muddy (‘‘brouillée’’).

ko’p uc’ha’, not very white, ‘not
true white” (gray?).

ku’ts ue’ha’, light red.

paihe’ts u’e, too big (‘‘trop grand’’).

t’ca, isit so?

u’cat, it was so.

uc’ha, uca, it is not true, not so!

uctikit, it will be so.

uc, purple; pl. u’cuc.

a’e ta’t u’c, salmon color ‘‘kind of
yellow” (possibly ‘yellow pur-
ple.’’)

to-u’e i‘naha, to u’e ina‘ha, purple,
violet; dark gray.

uts (L-38, 39), nose, bill (of bird);

point, sharp end; to sneeze; E. D.
idst, nose (ots, tooth, is distinct) ;
Ak. dds [audse], nose.

ai katmo’k utsu’tska, pointed win-
dows, ‘‘windows having points.”

ha’ u‘tskin hatko’me, he has a nose
ring, a ring in his nose.

hiu’tsat, I have sneezed
éternué’’).

kakau’ ita’ns utska’-ucat, the clouds
cover the sun.

ka’t u’ts, bill of bird.

kudsni‘n uts, point of knife.

co’k u’ts lat, ‘‘having three points,”
may be used for triangular.

ta’-i u’ts, point at the bend of a river
(referring to the land).

u’ts (h)at’ho’peo, I pierce my nose (I).

u’ts hatlu’ticu, I blow my nose.

u'ts hipo’ckit, wi’ u’ts pd’ckit, I
bleed from the nose.

fits ka’lhope, ats kat?ho’pe, nostril.

utskin ha’tkome, nose ring (I).

u’ts pic, crooked nose; pl. pi‘epic.

u'ts ta’-i, a straight nose; pl. ta-ita-i.

u‘tsu, I sneeze.

wi u'ts hatsa’keo, I clean my nose
(with a handkerchief) “I dry my
nose.”’

(“j'ai

wa, marrow (?).

tu’ts wa’, bone marrow, “leg mar-
row.”

140

wahi, to order (see wac).
tu‘lut ti’ct hiwa‘hiulat, I am _ or-
dered to go to the lake, they have
sent me to the lake (‘‘on m/’or-
donne d’aller au lac’’) (tic, to go;
ti’ct, having gone (L)).
wai, wa-i, stone, rock, flint (for
arrowheads); by some _ strange
error Gatschet also recorded this
as signifying “‘ pain, smarting sensa-
tion’’; E. D. wai [ouai (C)].
wai a’, a stone house.
wa -i hets, rock, ‘“‘big stone”’ (I).
wai ina‘hi, beyond the stone.
wai ipa’l, by the stone.
wai i’ti, on this side of the stone.
wai kaukau’ hu’i kohitsdt, a stone
sinks in the water (I).
wai kima’ti(p), inside of the stone
(given erroneously in the original
notes as ‘‘outside of’’).
wai’ ku’dsn&*, a stone knife (I).
wai 6/1, near the stone.
wai’ 0’ci, on the edge of the stone.
wai’ o’ts, on the stone.
wai’ pa’, stone mortar (I).
wai pa’ wak, stone pestle (I).
wai’ pic ho’pene, a borer made of
stone (1).
wai ci’xt, a stone jug.
wai tsi’tsi, a stone pipe (I).
wa’-i ta-upa’-ukit, the stone is swing-
ing (like a pendulum).
wai ta’-u-paupa’-utit, many stones
swing (D).
wi wa’-i konpa’wicait, I took and
swung a stone (as a pendulum).
wak,
ne’e pa’ wa’k, wooden pestle (I).
pa’ wak, pestle (‘‘pilon’’).
wai’ pa’ wak, stone pestle (I).
wak,
aku’p ct’/kwak, wheat bread, ‘‘flour
bread.”
co’ kuak, cukwa‘k, cu’kuak, co’kwak,
bread, wheat; E. D. cokoa [shokoa],
bread (abbr. co).
cokua’k atna’, cokua’k atna’xt, a
little bit of bread, a little bread.
co’kuak onpa’ts, (1) yeast, (2) raised
bread, ‘‘bitter bread.”
cokua’k ta’l, crust of bread.
cukwak hidso’m, biscuit,
bread.”’

“small

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

cukwak idso~” (ol)dl,
“sweet biscuit.”

cu’kuak olo’l, cu’kuak 6’! (I), cake,
““sweetbread.”’

cukwak pe’wic, raised bread, yeasted
bread.

tso’-ots wa’k, ear of corn (I),

tso’-ots wa’k tsi, a corncob, ‘‘ bone of
an ear of corn” (I).

wi cukwa’k ka’, I make bread.

wak, to roast, to broil (?) (ef. ti-u) (see

preceding stem).

al wak, roast meat.

al wa’kna4, apparatus for roasting
meat.

kidso’nkekin cakwakéné (or cakwak-
tikit), we will bake them in the
fire (D—49).

wi al wa‘kinto, I roast (or boil) meat
on the coals.

wi wa‘ko, I roast; (pl. and distr.)
wakwa’ ko.

wak,

wa’ kpux, to hail; also grasshopper (?)
(L. and A. R.); E. D. waggpic
[uaggpish, ouagg pic], hail.

wakpu’xkit, it hailed, it jumped
about.

pie, cake,

wag aceb or wagg astceebb [uagg
asheebb (P), ouagg ascheebb (C)],
the hail is heavy E. D.).

wak (perhaps from wak, to roast).

wa’ kwake, ridgy, corrugated, striped

(‘‘rayé ya Ye

waxc, brother of father or mother,
uncle.

wal, floor, wall; bedstead, bed (accord-
ing to L and A. R. though D
questions it) (cf. pit.).

a’fi wa'l, the wall of a house.

a’k wa’l (evidently it should be a’ck
wal), shadow, ‘‘shadow on the
floor’’?

née wal, wooden floor, wooden ceil-
ing.

ne’c wale, floor of room.

ta’-i atwa’le, bridge (this is probably
correct).

ta’-i o’tsi wa’leti, bridge over a river.

wale, bridge.

wal, billowy, wavy, to fan, to wave
(ef. kol); wa‘le, billow, wave (I).
hatua‘lene, a fan.

GATSCHET
SWANTON

ic&k ke’-u-wa‘lento, I fan a man
(present tense).

kecé’c (ke’-u) cakwa’lento, I fan
many girls (sitting) (ta-u used
instead of ke-u if standing).

ke’-u-hatua‘lento, I fan myself sit-
ting.

kic kunyi’ts ke’-u-wa’lento, I fan
a girl.

na’-u_ ta’-u-walwa‘Ickit, the feather
is waving.

na’-u_ ta’-u-walwa’‘letit, many feath-
ers are waving.

cakwa’'leka-u, I cause to fan (pl.
obj.).

ta’-i wa‘lc, the river’s waves.

to (h)okwa’‘lentstl, we sit (or stand)
(and) fan each other.

tu’l wale, the waves of the sea (or
lake).

tu’l wa’‘lckit, the waves are in the sea
(or lake).

tu’l wa/le na‘k wale, lake billows
are big.

wa lwal, butterfly (‘‘papillon’”’); E.
D. uadleual.

wa lwale, mottled (‘‘moiré’’) and
Wavy.

walwa‘le caktika’-u (or -tuka’-u),
wavy.

wi cik-hiw’leat, I get fanned.

wic (h)atwa/lco, I fan myself.

wie walwa’lckit, I am fluttering.

wai, wan, to walk, to travel, to go;

Ak. uan, to walk.

anhipo’n wa’fii na’l’nto, I will hunt
a rabbit.

anhipo’n. wa fi-cakna’‘V’nto, I will
hunt rabbits (I).

eku’n nak wa/‘nkinto, I begin to
walk just now.

haki’t a® hokwa/fic icak, a camp of
soldiers.

ha‘l hiwa‘ntikit ha’, I finish walk-
ing, after this I shall not walk.

ha’l wa’ii ha’xen, don’t walk behind!

hiyi’n wa’fii cakmuiickit, the hog
roots about.

ho’kuafic, ho’kwane (I), hokwa’iic,
okwa’fie (D-104), war.

ho’ kuafickin ti’cat, he went on the
warpath.

hokua’‘fic ti’cat, ho’kuafic ti’cat, he
went on the warpath.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 141

hokwa’fic wa fién, having gone to
war (D-129).

hokwa ‘fic yoko’n, a war song.

hukitso’i wo’finin, the roads cross,
crossroads (I).

ilafi-wa fitat, she grieved continually,
she went grieving (D-105).

i’fic-wa’nkin, while they were (or
went) mourning (D—115).

icak hokwa’fic wa’iién, a man having
gone to war.

ica’k wan, a traveler.

icik wa’fi a’-uc, a lame man, ‘‘a man
who can not walk” (I).

itsiwa'n, vertigo, ‘‘top of head mov-
ing”’ (I).

itwank, or iitwank ho’kwafic, war
chief, ‘‘going ahead in war”’ (D).

ko’-i hatseme’c wa’ fi-cakwa’ntskit,
he slanders.

lak wa fito, I will walk fast.

lo’xkin ti’-u-sakio’ns icwa’nthé, go
and visit on the prairie! (D—46).

mo’k-wa’nkit (or mo’hat), he came
(D-116).

m6m wafiné, mole hill, ‘‘mole’s
road.”

ne hikau’ nak-wa’nta (or hatwa’nta),
I am going to travel into all
countries.

né iwane, earthquake (1).

né mod’nkin wa fita, I am to travel in
all countries.

ne‘c kaukau’ otse_ po’le-wa‘nkit,
wood floats in the water (I).

nec wa fine, footlog, bridge.

ne’c yalwa’nkinto, I am going to
carry wood in my arms.

nome waf-haihai’ckit, the child is
weeping (1).

nd’n ti’xt min wa fiu, I walk every-
where in the village.

nifi uc wa fine, a street (I).

okwa’ fic ha fieat, the war is over.

pakna’-u_ wa’‘nnin hio’fic, I don’t
want you to run about.

cakid’l wa’fi a’-ue, a lame boy (I).

ca’ kedc co’keo wa’ fi-co'lkit, the birds
go and tear up the young seed
plants; pl. of subj. waii-co’lktit.

cakwiné cokwa‘nic ya coktukulet,
find them, drive them up, and
fetch them! (D-60).

142

—/ a

coko’m he’-u w4’fi ho’ntit, many cows
are lowing.

coko®” wa‘fi hd’nkit, coko’m wa‘fi
hd’nkit (1), the cow bellows while
walking (‘‘la vache beugle en mar-
chant’’).

tsi’s waii-haihai’ckit, the infant goes
weeping (I).

ta’-i o’ci tikua’nto, ta’-i o’ci tik-
wa fito, I walk on the banks of a
river; pl. ti‘uwa’fito.

tik kaukau’kin po’le-wa/nkit, an
arrow floats in the water (I).

tiuxts wa‘nkit, he behaves, ‘‘he goes
slowly.”

to‘lka ha’t wa’‘fi, to’lka hat’hu’
wa‘, he takes care of himself.

tu’ po’-ip waif, tu’ po’ wa‘n, tu’
po’p wan (I), steamboat, “boat
going by smoke”’ (un bateau qui
va 4 la vapeur’’).

tu’-ké’me icwa fithé, we will go in a
rowboat (D-47).

wa -anto, I travel.

wan atpe’-at, I stop walking.

wafi haihai’c, I am going weeping.

wan-hokpé’mkin, when they went
on shooting at one another (D-
147).

wa nkit, drifting; pl. wa’ntit.

wafine 0’, waiine O’ce, along the
road.

wa fine-ci‘lento, I sweep with the
broom while going.

wa’ fo, I go.

wah pe’-ulat, they have stopped walk-
ing (the text says ‘“‘eating’”’ which
must be an error).

wan pu’xkinto, I am dancing, I will
be dancing.

wa fi-pum, when they were dancing
(D-140).

wa'fi-cakpa’mkox, going at them,
desiring to beat them (D-79).

wi afi wafiné ta’-i tsika’dep tat(o),
my house stands between the road
and the river.

wi himaka’wét kitsak a’m-waii ya’,
wi himaka’wét kitsak a’mwaiiyé,
I fell because I was drunk.

wi hiwa‘fiat, I was walking (1).

wi hiwa’ntikit, I will walk (1).

wi i'ti wa’nkinto, I govern, I am chief
(‘je vais devant’’).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL., 108

wi no’k pu’‘k ne’e yalwa‘nkinto, I am
going to carry an armful of wood.

wi cakno’me pu’ckin waft a/fika‘/m-
ctit, ‘my children go playing out
of doors (D-64).

wi cakno’me waj-anka’metit, my
children are playing (1).

wic iwa’nkit, I am walking, I live (?).

wic ma‘fut wa/nkinto, wie ‘ma’
o’t wa‘fio, I will walk all the time,
I walk all the time.

wic tsanti’k wa‘fiic tu’ko, I drive the
horse up (D).

wie wai hite’-u (or ite’-u), I like to
walk.

wic wa fikinto, I am walking (I).

wo’finin hatie’c (or wa‘fine hatie’c),
a bad road (D).

wo’fnin hidso”, a pathway, “a
small road” (D).

wo’finin tol, a good road, a good
way (D).

ya’ pole wa/nkit tu’lki(n), that
floats on the lake (‘‘cela flotte sur
le lac’’).

y-1 mon ta’-i 6’ hoktiwé iewa/ithé,
every day we will walk along the
river together (D-—45).

yuk’hi'ti i’cak-wa’fic, warrior, ‘‘In-
dian at war.”

wan, to tell, to speak (see wén).

icak co’kuan uc’ha’, a liar, ‘“‘a man
not telling the truth.”

co’k (h)iwine’at na’ke na’xkan wa‘n-
cén, co’k (h)iwine’at nake na‘k
kanwa‘netin, I found something
but will not tell you what.

cok wa’n, what do you say? also say
something!

co’k wa‘nka na‘xn, co’k wa‘fika
na’xn, what are you doing? (this
may be wan, to tell, or wan, to
walk).

co’kwan cakuxtsic, interpreter.

ta’-ucokcokwa’nkit (L), ta-ucok’ko’-
ikit, they preached standing.

wa‘nat, she said (D—-143).

wic ivi’v ha’ co’x’nwa‘nkit, I believe
nothing that you say.

ha wa’‘ntsén, tell him! (L, D).

hi’wants, tell me! (D).

kie ta’xnik wa/‘ntsit, one woman
said to another (D-142).

rate sell
SWANTON

ko’-i hatseme’e wa’ fi-cakwa’ntskit,
he slanders.
cakwa’nts u’xtsit, she could tell
them (things) (D-84).
cakwa ntsén, tell them!
cok he’-u cakwa‘nts_ u’xtsit,
could tell many things.
cok iwa’nts, tell me a story!
(wi) ha’ wa’ntso, I told him.
wanha’n (A. R.), hurry!
wac, leaf; te’wac, leaves (L, D). Ac-
cording to one note wac is used
in sing. and te’wac in sing. and
pl.
nec tewa’c mafima’i,
“broad-leaved tree.”
né’c wa’c, ne’c wae (1), leaf of tree.
ne’c wa'c tat, brown, ‘‘leaf-yellow”’
(color of dead leaves).
tso’-ots wa’c, shucks of corn, husks.
te’wac co’ntit, the leaves rustle (in
the wind); sg. wa’ec co’nkit (1).
te’wac tsak, a dry leaf; pl. tsaktsa’k.
te’wac wilo’kit, te’wac wilo’tit, the
leaves fall.
wae ickim, wa’c ickém, cabbage,
“broad leaf’’ (I).
wae ickaim wil, turnip, ‘‘broad-leaf
root,’”’ ‘‘cabbage root’”’ (I).
‘wac, to command, to order, to send
(see wahi).
na ti’ct hiua&’jo, you send me, ‘‘you
tell me to go.”
nua ja ka’, coxka’ nwa’c, I command
you to do this.
pu’ns wa’co, I make somebody blow
(breathe?).
cakua’cu. ka’, coxka’ cakwa’‘c, I
command them to do this.
tic(t) hiwa’cét, I have sent you
(‘‘je t’envoie (& cette heure),’’
“Ge t’ai envoyé’’).
wa -aju ka’, coxka’ ha’wac, I com-
mand him to do this.
wi tict nua’jo, wi tict ’nwa’co, I
sent you; past tict; present tic.
wa'ci (L-17, 18; D—54), wa’ci (L-1),
old; E. D. iolie [iolish], old (male).
hatna’x kan wa’cifi a’, hatna’x kan
wa'ci na’, how old is he? (‘‘quel
age a-t-il?’’).
hina’kan wa’ci, I (or he) is that old.
hidl wa’‘cin iti, the oldest boy
(D-81).

she

magnolia,

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

143

kie ikunyu’ds wa’ci, an old maid.
né-cilenin wa’ci, an old broom.
cak-io’l wa’ci, an old bachelor.
cakua’ci, icak wa‘ci, an old man; pl.
icak wacwa‘ci (L).
cakwa’ci cokak, dance of the old
men, the religious dance.
cok wacwa’cii, about ancient things
(D-85).
wii cif, aged (about 60 years) (D-88).
wa’cin iti, my oldest son.
wa'cin nak wa’cin, very old (D-95).
wacwa'ci pii’m, the dance of the old
(L-15).
wi cakwi’ci, my old man.
wi cakwi’ci ik’ha’-uc (or ik’ha‘uts) -
tik’ha’nét, my old man almost
drowned (‘‘mon vieux a manqué
de se noyer’’).
yuk’hi’'ti icak wa‘ci(n), the ancient
Atakapa people.
wat, wat, ash tree (‘‘fréne’’); E. D.
wat [ouatt].
wa-u, to call by name, to name (cf.
efi, wan, wén).
@'fi hiwa’hulat, 6’ hiwa‘uculat, they
called me by name.
ha’ @’fi hiwa’-uco, I call him by name.
icak he’-u hakit efip cakwa’-uco,
I call many people by their names.
ca ha’ efiip wa’-uco, I call somebody
by name.
wa’-uc, steam (perhaps the same as
won q. V.).
wa’-uc hiki lawét, wa-uc_hila’wét,
steam scalded me.
wa’-uc cu’l la’wét, the steam scalded
the dog.
wawact [uauasht (P),
(C)], owl (E. D.).
wé, with (‘‘avec’”’) (abbr. from tiwé?).
ki‘e mo’kat hipa’ wé hid‘l wé, a
woman who has arrived with her
husband and son (‘‘une femme
qui est arrivée avec son mari et
garcon’’).
wext, wéxt (D), wé’t (1), rib; cf. iautall.
na wext, your ribs.
well {uell], rabbit (E. D.).
wen [uén], horse (E. D.) (cf. tsanu’k).
wen-kalap hake (uén-khallap hacqué)
I would have a horse (E. D.).
wen komb (uéncomb), I have a
horse (E. D.)

ouaouasht

144 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

wen komb hake (uén comb hacqué),
I had a horse (E. D.).
wén, wan, to pray (cf. wan, wa-u).
ta’-u hatwi’ninto Otsota’t d’t, ta’-u
hatwé’ni Otsota’t Ot, ta’-u
hatwé’ninto Otsota’t o’t, I pray
to God.
tawatwe’nat Utsuta‘tut, (they) stood
praying to God (L-14).
wi tawatwe’ninto, wi ta-uhatwe'’n-
into, I pray (God) (“‘je_ prie
(Dieu) ’’).
yuki't ta-u hatwi’ni Otsota’t O't,
we pray to God.
wét, wehet, (?) (cf. wi).
ha’ wét himicat, he gave to me (?).
wét, apparently the term which a
woman applied to her elder sisters
(L-21), and female cousins (D-70).
wi iciwe’t, wi yiciwe’t, my elder
sister (said by a woman).
wéewelf, wewe fct, to bark.
cul hiwewe’veat, the dog barked at
me.
cul ku’‘lic hiwewe’vcit, the dog
barked at me again.
cu’'l vivi've, the dog barks (I).
wi, I, my (the independent personal
pronoun of the first person singu-
lar subjective); E. D. wi [ué, ouéé].
ha n wi tsutsa’‘lat, he and I kicked
him (I).
ha n wi tsutsa‘Ititit, he and I will
kick him (I).
ha’ wi’ hipa’, this is my husband.
hinak wito’-ul cukia’ko, hinak wi
to’l cukia’ko, I have eaten enough,
or I have eaten well.
hika’t ni’t ya’ ha’l coki’f wi'(e), I
am five and a half feet tall.
ilu’ tsik wiic ki’wile ipco’ké*ha., I
will be a doctor in two years.
naki’t n wi tsutsa’lts#l, we (ye and I)
are kicking him (I).
né mak o’tsip ti’cta wi itét tewe’ta,
I will go to the mountain with my
father (I).
nic-mof 6f wi ikco’lo, nic-mofi e’fik
wi co’lo, I rub with tar.
ol tu’ko (or ti’k’ho) wi a’ ot, I
bring home a persimmon.
pa-ito‘lucat wi’ ot, he was good to
me (D-104).

[BULL. 108

cit (or cixt) ko’mhic wi co’fiico, I
ring the bell.

coxto’l he’-u wic ke’, I have much
luck:

tsanu’k wi o’t iwat, the horse comes.
toward me.

we nuk hatkolkd’kco,
atkolko’leo, I rub myself.

wét hiha’yuét, we’het hiha’yuét, he:
laughed at me (‘‘il a ri de moi’”’).

wi a ina’-uc, let me drink!

wi akili‘kico, wi akili’‘kco, I wet im
the water.

wi 4l wa‘kinto, I roast (or broil)
meat on the coals.

wia’mu, I drink.

wi a’niwanico, I move the ears..

wi anka ts, wi anka’te, I play.

wi a” kaukau’kin, my house is:in the-
water.

wi a®la‘kin inu’leo (or inhu/leo), I
put (somebody) in jail.

wi a fila’ wi-o, I burn my house.

wi a” né-tsa’xkip, my house is on dry:
land.

wi a’n pa’ kco, I flap my ears.

wi afi wafiné ta’-i tsika’dep tat(o),.
my house stands between the road
and the river.

wi a’p (or wi a’vp) i-ica’két, I was
born here.

wi atela’fic ke’t’nto, I sit still, I sit
quiet.

wi atpa’-i, I turn something around.

wi e’mu tso’-ots, I beat corn (“je
pile du mais’’).

wi @’fi, my name.

wi ha’ o’t mico, I gave him.

wi hatsa‘no, I hid myself.

wi ha’ tsu’mo, I pinch him.

wi hata’ck’kinto, I shade myself.

wi hatka’-uco, I comb myself.

wi hatla’ento, I shave myself.

wi hatsoso’ leat, I was scared.

wi ha’yu, I Jaughed.

(wi) ha’ wa‘ntso, I told him.

wi he’xka-u, I hurt somebody.

wi (hi)a’mne, I have to drink (one
thing).

wi (h)iha’yuét, I laughed (or -wit).

wi (hi)ia’xne, I have to eat (one
thing).

wi hi’ko, I come down.

we nuk

GATSCHET
SWANTON

wi hi’ koih6’ pekit, I cough.

wi hila’-i, wi ila’-i, my wife.

wi hila’-i ha’l, my second wife.

wi hilak wic ilak, Iam strong.

wi (h)ila’k’n, wie (h)ila’k’n, when I
shall be strong, I shall be strong.

wi himaka’wét kitsik A’mwafiyé (or
&’m-wafi ya’), I fell because I was
drunk,

wi hima’ke, I mix together two
liquids or two solid things.

wi hima’me, I mix together several
liquids, or several solid things.

wi hima’mo kudsni’nik, I stab with a
knife.

wi himd’c hito’lco,
burial.

wi him6’co, I bury.

wi hina’ yét, I believe this (L).

wi hina’ yu, I thought this (‘‘j’ai pensé
& ¢ga’’) (L), or I think this (D).

wi hidl (L), wi i-61 (D); my son; pl.
wi i-6l he’-u (D).

wi hidl hidso’n (L), wi een ts iti
(D), my youngest son.

wi hipa’ (L), wi ipa’ (D), my hus-
band.

wi hipa’ ha’l, my second husband
(L).

wi hipa’ hilo’cat (L), wi hipa’ hilo’-
icat (D), my husband helps (or
defends) me.

wi hicilé’t (L), wi yicile’t (D), my
younger sister.

wi hicintsét hilai, my sister’s wife
(L).

wi hickici‘l (L), wi ickici’‘l (D), my
daughter.

wi (hi)co’k a’mne, I have to drink
(many things) (D).

wi hicoko’-ins ilu’ ni‘t, I shall be
chief for five years (L), while I
shall be chief for five years (D).

wi (h)icoko’yet, I was chief, I have
been chief (L).

wi hidsa’m, I bite (D).

wi hite’t (L), wi ité’t (D), my father.

wi hité’t ha’ né ivé’vcat, my father
has measured his land.

wi hite’t hiki pa’mét, my father beat
me.

wi hite’t hiko® hipa’mét, I was
seized and beaten by my father
(L).

I prepare for

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 145

wi hitét hio’kn& o’fic, I can not come
on account of my father.

wi hitét i’-uc, my father is enraged;
wi hitét he’-u i’-uc, my fathers are
enraged.

wi hiwa‘fiat, I was walking (I).

wi hiwa/ntikit, I will walk (1).

wi hiwe’vxyu'lco, I draw (‘‘contre-
fait).’’

wi hiyania’n, wi hiya’nian, I am
afraid.

wi hija’n, my mother-in-law.

wi hija’n cakidl, my father-in-law.

wi hopa’yu, I divide.

wi huke’t, wi uke’t, my mother.

wi i-a’tsko, I sweat.

wi ika’t, my feet.

wi ikat ’npa’kat, you stepped on my
feet (D-143).

wi ikco’leolu, I rub repeatedly with
(an instrument).

wi ilfo’mcét, I have upset (or split) a
bottle.

wi in tsu’mo, I pinch you.

wi’ idl, my son.

wi ipan payo’két, my cousin has re-
turned.

wi issintsét, my brother.

wi ica’k icuhe’, I am uneasy about
the man.

wi icik cakia’lu, I take men, I arrest
men.

wi icak cakina’-uco, I put men (in
prison) (‘‘je mets des hommes
(dans la prison)’’).

wi icénsé’t, wi issintsét, my brother.

wi icénsét hidso’n, wi yicénsét
hidso’n, my younger brother.

wi icénsét yiids, wi isséntsét yids, my
elder brother; pl. wi isséntsét he’-u.

wi iciwe’t, wi yiciwe’t, my elder
sister.

wi itsa’-i, I fry.

wi i'tsk po’ckit, I bleed from the
lungs.

wi it’a’ku, I want to get out.

wi i‘ti wa’nkinto, I govern, I am
chief (‘‘je vais devant’’).

wi i't tla’kc, my face is dirty.

wi itu’l, I put, I place.

wi iya’wo, I hoist.

wi iyi, I get up, I rise.

wi iyi’ktat cukiu’lkinto,
standing.

I write

146

wi k&’n hi’cak cuhe’-u, I pity my
home people.

wi kan pai o’kta John tewé, I will
go home with John (I).

wi kato’ né, my lower lip.

wi kato’ o’dsi, my upper lip.

wi kau’kau ha”, wi kau’kau iha’c,
I got no water.

wi ka’-u, wic ka’-o, I am dead.

wi ka’-ucne pa/Ipal’u, I break a
comb in different places.

wi ka’-uene pa’l’ux, I break a comb.

wi ke’-u-hoka’kinto, I am weaving
seated (I).

wi ke’-u-okcoka’kinto, I weave many
things.

wi ke’-u-caktsipa’xckinto, I glue
many things.

wi ke’-ucokiulento, wie ke’-ucokiu’l-
cnto, I am going to write.

wi kitu’c, wi gitu’c, my spittle.

wi kitu’cu, wi gitu’cu, I spit.

wi ke’-ucukii’'lkinto, I am writing.

wi ke’u-cukci‘kinto, I am sewing
while sitting.

wi ke’-u-cukeokci'kinto, I sew many
things.

wi ke’-u-tsipaxckinto, I am gluing as
I sit (I).

wi kimi‘fio, I breathe.

wi kiné’ko, wi kinu’lo, I meet some-
body.

wi ko’kic, wi ko’ko, I bend.

wi ko’kica, I take away (something)
(‘‘j’6te (quelque chose.’’)).

wi ko’mok ka’-u, I make a basket.

wi ko’mep ti‘hito, I lie on the belly.

wi kom-ho’pekin (h)atké’co, I put in
my pocket.

wi kon hipo‘nico, I take and bend it.

wi ko™ na’-u, I make it stand, I
grasp and place.

wi ko” pa‘to, I have taken and
broken it (‘‘je l’ai pris et cassé’’).

wi ko’fi cdl, I shove out.

wi ko’tsa, I am cutting.

wi kuea’, wi kulea’ (D-93, 99), my
grandfather (both sides); L adds
“and grandson,’’ but D did not
know of this use of the term).

wi ku’enak caklo’pco, I. prick the
flanks.

wi kutsné’n, my knife.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

wi kutsne’n atsi’l, my knife is rusty.

wi 1a‘co, I put into.

wi lét, wi hile’t, my sister.

wi le’ta, my female cousin.

wi lo’mco, I peel (‘‘j’épluche’’).

wi’ lu’l, I swim.

wi maka’-u na’-uco, I let it fall, I
make it fall.

wi mak’he’u, wi make’-u, I exchange,
I barter, I swap.

wi mé'lco, I blacken, I dye.

wi mo’ko, I arrive.

wi mon caktsa‘fico, I push all things.

wi nak’hi’'tut tsu’mo, I pinched ye
all.

wi ni’kco, I play on an instrument.

wi na‘k tsu’mo, I pinched ye(?).

wi na’-u hika’, I make shoes.

wi né hiko’kicat, he had taken my
land from me.

wi ne’c ho’pco, I bore wood.

wi né’c kd’tso, I cut wood, I chop
wood.

wi ne‘’c ne’kin tlo’po, I stick a post
into the ground.

wi ne’c kutsnihik ta’meo, I split
with a knife (D).

wi ne’c pa’-icik ta’mco, I split with
an ax (D).

wi ne’c tamta’mco, I split wood in
several places, I split many pieces
of wood (D).

wi ne’-ta’mo himd’cne, I dig a grave
(L).

wi né ti’co, I go downstairs, ‘“‘I go
downward” (L).

wi né-yu’ckin pakna’-u ti’eo, I run
across a field (L).

wi ni‘hua, I lie down (L).

wi nil, my granddaughter (L).

wi nila’, my grandmother (L).

wi ’n na tsutsa’lat, you and I kicked
him (1).

wi ’n na tsutsa’Itsel, you and I are
kicking him (I).

wi ’n na tsutsa‘ltitit, you and I will
kick him (I).

wi no’k pu’k ne’e yalwa‘nkinto, I
carry an armful of wood.

wi no’me tsik cakitsyutsickinto, I
raise two children (D).

wi no’me ka’-uco, I comb my child (L).

wi no’me ki’ wet, my child is dead (L),

SWANTON

coaael

wi no’me nima’-ulét, they have killed
my child (“ils ont tué mon en-
fant’’).

wi nta’ku a”™ 1ak it’hi, I left the
prison in the evening (‘‘je suis
sorti de la prison le soir’’) (L).

wi nte’-ito, I frighten somebody (D).

wi nu’k, myself, I alone.

wi nu’k hatsa’mo, I bite myself.

wi nu’k hatini‘co, I hide myself.

wi nu’k hattsa’fico, I push myself.

wi nu’fi o’t (or u't) pa’ i hiti’c(t) ko,
I want to return home.

wi ni” u’ckin ke’ta, I stay in New
Orleans.

wi oi’, I sleep.

wi okakinto, I weave.

wi oké’t, my mother (D-—98, 105).

wi okét tsi’peat Tsa’yon ne’ ot, my
mother removed to Texas.

wi o’k na’-uca, I let them come.

wi o’ko, I come.

wi ok caki‘nu, I ask them to come.

wi 0’ ko™ ko’mico, I relax a rope (or
cord) (I).

wio’ ko™ ma fico, I stretch a cord (I).

wi okotka’-uc ke’-u-pa’tsnto, I wash
a shirt (I).

wi okotka’-uc ko’mna-u, I hang up
an overcoat.

wi okotka’-uc-ma’fi li‘ke, my coat
is used, my coat is worn out.

wi o'tse he, I have the toothache,
my tooth aches.

wi o't pu’nsat, they blow at me.

wi pa’m hito’leo, I have beaten and
prepared.

wi pamico, I throw away (‘‘je
jette’’).

wi pa'mco, J beat, I strike.

wi pa’‘mtampne ta’mo, I ascend the
stairs.

wi pa'ts, I whip; pl. of obj. wi ca’k-
pats (not wi pa’tspats).

wi pa'tso, I squeeze (as an orange).

wi pa tite’-u hi’cu, I plant cotton.

wi payo’ko (or pai’ o’ko), I return.

wi pe’mu, I shoot the rifle (not wi
pém pe’mu).

wi pén, my male cousin.

wi pe’niu, I have healed him.

wi pico, I make it crooked.

wi po’ckit, I bleed.

wi puhatsipa’‘tsico, I turn a somer-
sault (‘‘je fais la culbute’’).

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 147

wi pii’nso, wi pins, I blow.

wi ca a’‘m na’-uco, I let somebody
drink.

wi ca itu’lo tsanu’k o’ts, I put some-
body on a horse.

wi caki’me, I give them to drink.

wi cak hiwa‘leat, I get fanned.

wi cak’hu’o, I saw them.

wi ca’kiko, I wound (somebody).

wi cakica’k, my relations (‘‘mon
monde’’).

wi cakiné’ko, wi cakinu’lo, I meet
some people.

wi caki’dso, I wake somebody up;
wi cakidsidso, I wake somebody up
repeatedly.

wi cakmaka’yu, I swapped (pl. obj.).

wi cakmi’co, I gave them.

wi cakna’‘lo, I hunt (pl. obj.).

wi cakno’me waf-anka’metit, my
children are playing (I).

wi cakea’kiko, I wound in various
places.

wi ca’ ktsu’mo, I pinch them.

wi cakwi’ci ik’ha’-uc (or ik’ha’-uts).
tik’ha’nét, my old man _ was
drowned.

wi ca’ coco’le ha’nu, I like to scare
somebody.

wi ca’-u, my father.

wi ci'lo, I sew.

wi co’ hehe’ xkit, my heart is paining.

wi co’k a’xict (or a‘xlic), I lose some-
thing.

wi cokiakni’n hehe’-uc, I have much
food.

wi cokipén, my friend.

wi cokiu'le he’-u ke’-u hu‘nto, I read
many books.

wi cokiu’ic ke’-u-hu’nto, I read a
book (I),

wi coko’-in, be my chief! wi coxko’-
ine, he is to be my chief.

wi coxko’-ikit, I make baskets.

wi co’lu, I rub; wi co‘leolu, I rub
repeatedly.

wi co’ pa‘ke hika’, I have palpitation
of the heart.

wi coco’le hinte’hi ha’nulet, they came
near scaring me to death.

wi cuhe’ ica’k, Iam uneasy about my
family, I pity my family (D).

wi cukte’-i micu, I doctor somebody,
I give medicine to somebody (L).

wi cukwa’‘k, I make bread (D).

148

wi tsa’-itsa-ic, I shake, I tremble (D).

wi tsa’xco, I erack (D).

wi tsa‘lco, I stamp (with the foot).

wi tsa’fi hena’-uco, I push it away
(L), I push it in (L).

wi tsafic ka’-u, I make him push (L).

wi tsa‘fic ko’le, I shove into (D).

wi tsa”’co (L), wi tsa’fico (D), I push
it (or him) (‘‘je l’ai poussé’’).

wi tsanu’k mé'l, my horse is black (I).

wi tsanu’k tu’ko, I fetch my horse (D).

wi tsit tli’kento (L), wi tsit
tli’kento (D), I will smoke to-
bacco.

wi tsi‘t yi‘ntso, I wrap tobacco (into
a cigar) (D).

wi tsiwa’fiic(o), I am moving, I am
stirring (intr.) (D).

wi tso’-ots pa’mic, I sow Indian corn
(D).

wi tsu’m, I pinch, I scratch (L).

wi ta’-i lu’] ici’ko, I swam over to the
other side of the river.

wi ta’-u-hatpa’wickit, I balance my-
self (I).

wi tawatwe’ninto, wi ta-uhatwo’n-
into, I pray (to God) (“je prie
(Dieu)’’).

wi te’m a’mu, I drank yesterday.

wi te’fis atla’kin ita’hu, I Jeft the
prison in the evening.

wi te’c mafima’fi hatna’-uco, I let my
hair grow long.

wi te’c mafiima’fiu, I have long hair
(‘‘j’ai les cheveux longs’’).

wi teyo’ cukite-uka’ne o’ts ne’-u, I
put the box on the chair.

wi tikta’mo tiho’p, I went to dig a
grave.

wi ticta, I go away.

wi tict nua jo, wi tict ’n wa’co, I send
you.

wi ti’uxts ke’t’nto, I sit still, I sit
quiet.

wi to’l-gema’kict, my pin.

wi tolhd’pe, my needle.

wi to’lka-u, I cure.

wi tu’(kin) to’hio, I get into a boat.

wi to’picto, I will prick.

wi topna’-u, I cause to prick some-
thing

wi lo’po, I prick.

wi u’ts hatsa’kco, I clean my nose
(with a handkerchief), ‘“‘I dry my
nose.”

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 103

wi u‘ts po’ckit, I bleed from the nose.

wi wa’-i konpa’wicat, I took a stone
and swung it like a pendulum.

wi wa:ko, I roast.

wi w0’c hatpa’xnico, I clasp my
hands.

wi w0'c hatwo’yo, I rub my hands.

wi wo’e Jakla’k ina’ha, my hands are
as if stiff.

wi wo’cik na’keo, I point with my
finger.

wi wo’ckinto, I am screeching.

wi wula‘take ehe’, wi wula’kake, I
have kidney disease.

wi wt'cka’-uc, my thimble.

wi ya’ nu'ltihinst, I live there, I exist
there (‘‘je vis 14,”’ ‘‘j’existe 1a’’).

wi yatsi’ckico, I am glad.

wi yati tsat, I wake up (intr.).

wi yilén ake’ta, I am going to stay
to-morrow.

wi yilén a’mté, wi yi‘lén a’mta, I
will drink to-morrow.

wi yo’ko, I sing.

wi yol yu’ds, wa’cin iti, my oldest
son.

wic, wie, wi-ic, wi-ict, (strong form of
pronoun).

wie anka’mce(o), I play.

wic a cokihu’kit ha‘xe, I see nobody.

wie aya’nék cakia’xta, I will eat
now.

(wic) ha’ iléme, I love him.

wie (h)aki’t a’ hina’ka he’-u hatu’-iv
(or hatvi‘'v), I think myself as
high as they.

wic ha‘l, I am behind.

wic ha’ tsutsa’/lat, I kicked him
(1).

wic ha’ tsutsa’lo, I am kicking him
Gir

wic ha’ tsutsa’ltikit, I will kick him
(I).

wic (h)atwa‘lco, I fan myself.

wic ha’yu, I am laughing (I).

wic ha’yudt, I was laughing (I).

wie hayuti’kit, I will laugh (1).

wic hehatka’-u, I hurt myself.

wic hiha’l, I am the last, I am
behind.

wic hi-ipco’kat, I was a doctor.

wic hii’ti, I am the first in a line
(‘‘je suis le premier d’une file’’).

(wic) hilakti’kit, I shall be strong.

GATSCHET
SWANTON

wic hima’mo, I gather, I pile up, I
collect.

wie hina’ kanto, I am that way.

(wic) hipe’tst ina’ha, I am tired.

(wic) hipe’tst ha’, I am not tired.

wic hico’koi, I am chief.

wi'e (hi)ti’cnen, I have got to go.

-~wic hiti’c tu’lkin, I go on the lake.

-wic hitd’tso, I suck.

~wie ihaihai’ckit, I am crying, I am
weeping.

wic ikunyu'ts caktika’-u, I look
young.

wic ila’fi wi ickice’t o’t, I am mourn-
ing for a sister.

wi'c i’‘fiiu, I am on the lookout.

-wic io’fic, I don’t want.

wi'c iped’k, I am a doctor.

~wi'c ipu’xko, I want to dance.

-wie icu’l ndi’, I catch one fish.

wic icoke’cat, I had been sick.

~wiec iwa nkit(?), I live, I am alive.

~wic iwe’-uco, I mock.

wic ivi'v ha’ co’x ’nwa‘nkit, I be-
lieve nothing that you say.

wi'c ka’mco, I scrape (with knife,
etc.).

wic ka‘t-td’ts(o), I kiss, ‘‘I mouth-
suck.”

-wic kaukaw’ e’fic, I grease the water.

~wie kaukau’ mele, I blacken the
water.

‘wic kaukau’ me’lckinto,
blacken the water.

wic ke hia’‘mkin Jack maka’ wet,
while I was drinking, Jack fell
down.

wic ke’-u-hoka’kinto, I sit weaving
baskets.

~wic ke’u-caiu’lekinto, I am writing
while seated (I).

wic ke’-u-cukia’kinto, I am going to
eat (I).

~wic ke’-utluxkco ya’ cokiilco, I
smoke while writing.

wie kimi’nkinto, I breathe.

wie ku’l cokia’ku wi hite’t ini’kit
a’fut (or ini‘hat a’nkin), I had
eaten when my father entered the
house (‘‘j’avais mangé quand
mon pére est entré dans la mai-
son’’).

wic (ku’Itan) icoke’cat, I had been
sick (ku‘ltan, long ago).

I will

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 149

wie kuts-pa’kico, I chop the tree
down.

wie ma’fi o’t a’m’o, I drink all the
time.

wie ma’ fut wa’ fkinto, I will walk all
the time.

wic mu‘nkco, I smell something.

wie mu’nmunkco, I smell all around.

wic né po’mo, I plow.

wic nta’ku wi hite’t ini’kat a’fiut,
when I went out my father entered
the house (‘‘ quand j’étais sorti mon
pére est entré dans la maison”’).

wic o’-i, [ am sending.

wie okotka’k ikili‘kic, I soak the
cloth.

wic pai iwat, I return (I returned?).

wic po’tsicu, I turn something loose.

wie ca’ ot ke’-u cakiu’lckinto, I
write for somebody.

wic cixko’ mic co’ fico, I ring a bell.

wic tsa’xlco, I break (glass, silver,
etc.).

wie tsanu’k wa’nic tu’ko, I drive the
horse up.

wic tsanu’k wine’-u, I find a horse.

wic tsutsa’lo, I am kicking him.

wic tikpo’tsicu, I go and turn Joose.

wic tit tlu’kento, I smoke (can be
said also of the habit of smoking).

wic tit ttu’keco, I have smoked
(‘‘j’ai été fumer’’).

wie to’hia nespa’lkin, I get into a
carriage.

wic to’hu, I live.

wic to’lkat hu’, I watch, I am on the
lookout.

wie wa nkinto, I am walking (I).

wic wi ité’t iyania’n ha’xcat, I was
not afraid of my father (D-103).

wie ya’ hatpé’ne-u, I eat enough.

wic yilke’ta, I am going to marry.

ya’ icak we’het (or wét) ivivha’hét,
this man did not believe me (L).

ya’ cu'l wi ki‘fi, that dog belongs to
me, that dog is mine.

ya’ wi coko’m, this is my cow (I).

wif, wiv, wiw, wiu, viv, uiv, to be-

lieve, to think (cf. nai).
etwi fc, he thinks, he believes.
ha’-ac to’l atvi’v, he thinks he is
good.

150

haki’ts to’ltol atvi’vél, they think
themselves good.
hatvi’v, I think as much.
iwi fat, I thought.
i’wiu ha’, I doubt it, ‘‘I think not.”
iwi’ wat, I thought.
Ta’kapo ica’k hatwi’vat, the Atakapa
believed (D-113).
vi'vulat, they believed (D-121).
vi wulat, they believed (D-119).
wic haki’t a’hina’ka he’-u hatu’-iv
(or hatvi’v), I deem myself as
high as they.
wic ivi’v ha’, I don’t believe it.
wie ivi'v ha’ co’x ’nwa‘nkit, I be-
lieve nothing that you say.
ya’ icak we’het (or wét) ivivha‘hét,
this man did not believe me (we’-
het=me).
wil, root.
né’¢ wil, tree root.
ne’c-wil ka’mkame, the roots stand
out from (the tree).
ne’c wil mon (h)atmickéc, the roots
of the tree stretch out (from the
tree) around.
wa’e ickem wil, wa’c ickim wil (J),
turnip, ‘‘broadleaf root,’’ ‘‘cab-
bage root.”
wil, to squeal.
hiyén cukwi'lkit, the hog is squealing
(also said of children, etc.) (D).
wil, to rock.
hatwi'lic, it is rocking (intr.).
ickali’t-nu‘l-wilwi‘lhiento, I rock a
child (nu'], “‘lying’’).
cukite’-uka’wine hatwilwi/leni, a
rocking-chair.
wi Iwil¢h)iend’, cradle (I).
wilwilico, I rock.
winé, to find, to discover.
kaukau’ ka’ckin wine’-ulat,
found high water.
naki’'t tsanu’k cakwinétém, did you
(pl.) find your horses? (D—58).
cakwiné cokwa‘fiic ya’ coktu’kuket,
find them and drive them up and
fetch them (D-60).
cok (h)iwine’at, I found (sing.); pl.
adds he’-u.
cok (h)iwine’at nake na‘k kanwa’‘n-
cin, cok (h)iwine’at na‘ke na’x-
kan wa’neén, I found something
but will not tell you what.

they

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

wine’-ulat, they found (L-13; D=29,
30, 34).
wic tsanu’k wine’-u, I find a horse.
wic,
ko’-i hatwicka’x két, ko’-i hatwic-
ka’xc két, an individual talking too
much (who forgets that he sits
down from his talking).
woi, to rub (see kol and cdl).
wi w0’c hatwo’yo, I rub my hands.
wOl, eye, also fruit (when small); E. D-
will fouill]; Ak. ddl [audle].
hi‘lami wd’l, muscadine fruit, ‘‘buz-
zard’s eye.”
hi‘lai w6’l te’-i, hila’fi w36’l te’-i,

museadine vine (‘‘la liane ‘de
soko’’).

milka w6’l, sore eyes, eyes making
phlegm.

w0’'l hatu’ne, spectacles, ‘‘eyes to see
with.”

w0‘l hidso’n, small eyes.
wo'l-hépc-icki’m, an Indian sieve
about 2 feet long having wide eye-
holes (‘‘crible,”’ “‘tamis’’) (made at
one time at Hickory Flat).
w0'l icki’m, large eyes.
w0'l kima’ti, eyeball, “inside eye’”
(meaning inside eyelid).
w0'l kica’fi, eyelid, eyelash.
w0'l kica’fis né, lower eyelid (I).
w0'l kica’fi o’dsi, upper eyelid (I).
w0'l na’-u, eyebrow, “eye hair.”
w0'l pa’e, eyelid, ‘‘eye cover.”
wol, wal, curly.
tée wo'lwdl, té’e wulwul, curly hair.
wulipa’-u, I whirl myself around.
wolka’nts, ladder (I).
wolce’!, horned owl (wol, eye?).
won, dew, drizzling rain, fog (I); wonce,
steam (see wa’-uc); E. D. wonn
[u6nn, ou-onn], dew. a
wo'n i’-ack, dew is wetting (or render-
ing dirty).
won ina‘ha, damp,
dew,” “‘like fog.”
wo'n ya’ckat, the dew is heavy, full
of dew.
wonn kombnst [udnn combnst (P),
ou-combnst (C)], the dew is heavy,
the dew is strong (EK. D.).
w6c, woc, hand, finger; E. D. wie [uish],
hand, wie hagg [uish hagg], finger;
Ak. semak [semacgq], finger; ocepa.

moist, “like

GATSCHET
SWANTON

[auchepa], hand (probably =woc-
pe, ‘‘all fingers’’).

icik woc ke’tsti, a left-handed man.

i cik woe tu'l, a right-handed man.

no’k cuk wo’eti, right elbow (I).

no’k wo’cti, right arm (I).

tsi't wocvénts, cigar,
“hand worked.”

wi w0’c hatpa’xnico, I clasp my hand.

wi wo’c hatwo’yo, I rub my hands.

wi wo’cik na’keo, I point with my
finger.

wi wo’ec lakla’k ina’ha, my hands are
as if stiff.

wi wit'cka’-uc, my thimble.

wo’c atke’ (or ha’tke), wo’e ke’ (1),
finger ring, ‘“‘having on the finger.”’

w0'c ha’l, w6’e o’ts, back of hand.

wo’e hatkolkéd’keco, wo’c hatkol-
k6’kco, I rub the hands.

wo’c ha‘tkome, glove.

wo’c he’ts, thumb, ‘“‘big finger’’; the
Ak. word is auxest which Du
Terrage and Rivet transliterate
dksest, but perhaps it is a corrup-
tion of woc hets.

wo’¢c hico’l, small finger.

wo’c it, index finger, ‘‘first finger.’

woc ke’ a’ hina’k, ring shaped, ‘‘a
ring like this.”

wo'e ke’ts, left hand.

wo’c kima’ti, wo’c kima‘tip, middle
finger, also palm of hand, “in
middle of hand.”

w0’c kima’tip, in the hand.

wo’c kima’ti hidso™, wo’c kima'ti
hi‘dso® (I), ring finger, ‘‘little mid-
dle finger.”’

w6’c ma’k, hand clasped, fist.

wo’e nak, wo’c na‘kin, the index fin-
ger, the first finger, ‘‘the pointing
finger.”

woc cakhatsa’mene, towel, ‘“‘face
wiper.”

cigarette,

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE L5t

woc pe’, wucpe’, wu’spe, ten, “finish
of the hands or fingers.’’

wocpe’-ip, ten times (I); wucpe’-ip
hipo’nso, tenfold (1).

woe pe’ha(l) tanu’k (I), woe pe’ ha
tanu’k, wucpe’ ha’l tanu’k, eleven.

wocpe’-ip ha’ tanu’kip, woc pe’
ha(l) tanu’kip, eleven times.

woc pe’ ha(l) tsik (I), woc pe’ ha
tsi‘k, twelve.

wocpe -ip ha’ tsikip, twelve times (I).

woc pe’ hal lat (1), woe pe’ ha’ lat,
thirteen.

woe pe’ ha’l himato’l (I), woe pe’
ha’ himato’l, wocpe’ hal imato‘l
(D-87), fourteen.

woe pe’ ha’] nit (1), fifteen.

woc pe’ ha(l) lat tsik, sixteen (I).

woe pe’ ha(l) pa’x, seventeen (1).

woe pe’ hal himato’l tsi’k, eighteen
(1).

woc pe’ woc ico’l ha’n, nineteen (I).

woc pe tsik, wucpe’ tsik (I),
twenty (adv. -ip).

wucpe’ tsi’kip, twenty times (I).

wucpe’-ip tsi’kip hipo’nso, twenty-
fold (I).

wucpe’ tsik hal tanu’k, twenty-one
(De

woc pe’ lat, wocpe’ la’t (D-96),
wucpe’ lat (I), thirty.

wucpe’ la’tip, thirty times (I).

woe pe’ himato’l, wucpe’ himato’l
(I), forty.

wucpe’ himato’lip, forty times (I).

wucpe’ nit, fifty (I).

wucpe’ ni'tip, fifty times (I).

wucpe’ latsi’k (I), wocpe’ latsi’k
(D-88), sixty.

woc pe’ pa‘x, seventy (I).

woc pe’ himato’l tsik, eighty (1).

wic kumak [uish cumak (P), ouish
coumak (C)], fist, (given in one
place as wrist) (V) (E. D.).

w0'e tsi'g, two hands. woc [ouosh], bow (E. D.) (cf. te).
woe tsi’ kctan, both hands. woe [uosh (P), ouoosh (C)], swan (E.
woe tsu’x, tsu’x, fingernail (I). D.).

wo’e te, right hand, ‘‘bow hand.”’ woe, to hiss, to screech.

wo’e to], right hand, ‘“‘good hand.”

wo’c ico’l ha’n, wusisol han, nine,
‘‘without little finger.”

wo’c ico’l ha‘nip, nine times.

wo’ce ico’l ha’nip hipo’nso, ninefold

(I):

otse’ wo’cém, the snake is hissing (I).

te” wocwo'cin, tem wocwo'cin,
sereech owl (cf. tefi, dusk, even-
ing); E. D. wawact [uauasht], owl
(sereech or horned owl?).

wi wo’ckinto, I am screeching.

152

wo'ctm, wo'cim, a whistle (the
sound, not the instrument).
wo’cimyd’k, to whistle; E. D. wo-
cipst [ouoshipst].
wockinto, I screech.
woc, to be in a hurry.
hu’n3n hi woco’c(o),
hurry to see him.
wo cifia, naked.
wo'cifa hina’két, they were almost
naked (L238).
wul ha’‘ktakc, kidneys.

wi wula‘ktake ehe’, I have kidney

disease.

wt'lkol, wi’Iko, wélkol, raccoon (cf.
Creek wutku or wotko); E. D.
wilkol [uiledl (P), wilcool (C)],
erroneously given as wildcat
(‘chat de bois”) by (P).

ya, to eat; E. D. yatt [iatt], yaatt.

eku’n (or eikun), ke-ucukia’kinto, I
began eating while sitting (I ate a
while ago) (A. R.).

haki’t cukia’xnin cak’he’-uc, they
have plenty to eat.

ha cokia’x, his or her food; E. D.
yaune, food.

ha’ ya’x, he eats.

he’-u cukia’ko, I have eaten much.

hinak wito’-ul cukia’ko, hinak wi to’l
cukia’ko, I have eaten enough (or
well).

hin cokia’x ko’xca, do you want to
eat? (‘probably false’’).

hicokia’ne (A. R.), hicokia’xne, I
have to eat (‘‘il me faut manger’’),
I am going to eat; pl. of obj.
hicokia‘xne.

hicokia’xc ko’xe, I want to eat.

hicokia’x ko’xe (h)a’, I don’t want to
eat.

hicokiaxtko (or icok-ya’xko), I want
to eat.

hoktewé cokia’ yo, we eat together.

ia’‘ho, I eat; E. D. wi ayake [ouéé
ayaque].

il ya‘ko, I eat everything raw, or I
eat it all raw (‘‘je mange tout
ert’).

inlo’hi (or nlo’-i) cokia’kinto, I help
you eat.

icak cukia’ he’-u, a big eater.

ica’k ya‘ko, I eat a man (“‘je mange
un homme’’).

I am in a

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 10

ke’-u cukia‘kinto, ge’-u cukia’kinto,.
I am going to eat.

cokia’(k), cokia’xk, food (I); E. D.
yaune [iaoune], nourishment.

cokia’x ko, want to eat?

cokia’xta, ia’xta, I am going to eat.

cokia’xti a’ uc, cuk-ya’hi a’ uc, I cam
not eat, I am unable to eat.

cokia’ xti uxts, cukia’hi uxts, I can eat.
(pl. things).

cok lopia’n4, colopiaxne, fork, ‘‘stick
to eat with.”

cukia’k ha‘fico, I finish eating.

cukiaxpe’-u, I finish eating.

cukia’xta o’k’n, you come to eat.

tso’-ots ya‘kinto, I will eat Indian
corn.

tso’-ots ya’xne, weevil, ‘‘corn eater.’”

wi (hi)ia‘xne, I have to eat (one
thing).

wic aya nék cakia’xta, I will eat now-

wic ke’-ucukia’kinto, I am going to
eat sitting (I).

wie ku’l cokia’ku, wi hite’t ini‘kit
a’ fut (or ini’hat a’fikin (D)), I had
eaten when my father entered the
house (‘‘j’avais mangé quand mon
pére est entré dans la maison’’). —

wi cokiakni’n hehe’-uc (or ihe’-uc),
I have many provisions, I have
much food.

wic ya’ hatpé’ne-u, I eat enough.

ya’-e-(h)atpe’netsel, we eat enough
(D-51).

ya’-ins, they ate (L-10).

ya’-ins(o), they eat or ate (L-5).

ya kit, I eat it now.

yako’, I want to eat.

ya’xto, I eat.

yukit iccukia’-iko’, we want some-
thing to eat.

yu kit cukia’icko’, we want to eat.

yu kit cukia’xnin ic’he’-uc, we have
plenty to eat.

ya, that.

a® ya'fi pe’ltat, that house standing
far off.

hiya’ (L-2, 14), iya’fii (D-47, 89, 95),
yonder, there.

hiya’fi hu’a, it is there (or yonder)
that I saw this man.

hiya’p, right there.

iya’nék mon ’nka’né, that is all for
you to do (D-60).

ku‘ltan ya’c, it is a long time ago.

saiigeltani DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 153

cine’-u ya’ cukeaki’ke, who are these
merchants?

cict ya’ tsa’xk, this pitcher is dry.

wi ya’ nu’'ltihinst, I live there (‘‘je
vis 1a,’’ “‘j’existe 14’’).

ya’-afi, very far off.

ya’ ha’ tsanu’k, this is his horse (I).

ya’ ha’ té, this is his bow (I).

ya’ hatpe’-két, I sit here prepared, I
sit here ready.

ya’ hina’hino’ na‘kta hinahino’ ict,
one side (of a paper, etc.) and the
other side.

ya’ hidso™ hiye’ ta», he becomes
smaller than the other.

ya’ hidso™ iti, he is smaller than (the
other).

ya’ hu’‘i pu’nso, I blow under (that?).

ya’ ilu’, that year.

ya’ icak, that man.

ya’ icak akipai-i‘ke dot, this man
comes from the south.

ya’ ic&k avxa’n, ya’ icak a’p ha’n,
an absent man (‘fun homme ab-
sent’’).

ya icak ay’wa’nkit (L), ya icak ap
wa’nkit, this man is present (‘‘cet
homme est présent’’), lit. ‘‘this
man is walking here.”

ya’ i’cak hiki‘ke Ot, this man comes
from the west (hiki’ke for hiki-ike).

ya’ i’cak ho‘lciké dt, this man comes
from the north.

ya’ ica’k o’t ha’yuét, ya’ ica’k u't
ha’yuét, he has laughed at that
man (‘‘il a ri de cet homme’”’).

ya’ icak coklake, that man is poor.

ya’ icak cokla’kcat, that man was
poor.

ya’ icak cokla’ketikit, that man will
be poor.

ya’ icak to’like ot, this man comes
from the east.

ya’ icik we’hét (or wét) ivivha’hét,
this man did not believe me.

ya’ icak ya ki’c kanyie yilwai'tikit,
that man marries that young
woman.

ya’ ka-ucnid’ palpa’t, ya’ ka-ucni’
pa’l’at, this comb is broken.

ya ka-ucné’ palpa’l, that comb is
broken.

ya’ kic (D—142), that woman; pl. ya’
ke’e; dual ya’ ke’c tsik (D).

ya ki’e kanyiti’e ya’ icak ut (or o’t)
yilké, that young woman marries
that man.

ya’ ki’e cokci’'u tane’-uca’k iya’-i,
this woman is the stingiest of all.

ya’ ki’e tsi’kxo’ ke’at (or cak’ke’at),
this woman had twins.

yan (D-72), ya’n (D-47), ya‘ni,
there.

ya fi a™ na’xco, I point at that house
far off.

ya‘n (or hiya‘n) tic, go over there!

yan yi ltat, the light shines from afar.

yan yuki't icti’uto, shall we go
there?

ya’ nee puhitsé’cta, I am going to
jump over this log.

ya’ ne‘tatat, this orange (‘‘cette
orange’’).

ya’ no’me, those children out there.

ya’ okotka’-uc ko’n-ina’-u, bring that
shirt inside! (I).

ya’ odse’, that snake.

ya’ otse’ ci’u, the snake crawls; pl.
also ci’u.

yap, there.

ya’p né to’, upon this spot, upon this
place.

ya’ pe’két, ya’ pel ket, that one sit-
ting further off.

ya pole wa‘nkit tu’lki(n), that floats
on the lake (‘‘cela flotte sur le
lac’’).

ya'c hidso™ i’ti tane’-us (or ta"ne’-u),
they are the smallest, ‘‘the rest of
them are the smallest.”

ya‘c kiwi'lec, they are Frenchmen (or
white men).

ya’c kiwi'le ha’, they are not French-
men.

ya’c kiwi‘lcula’ (or -ul ha), are they
not Frenchmen?

ya’e nak tu’taiha’xe, you do this for
nothing.

ya cukid’l, the men (D-144).

ya’ cu'l ha’ a’n ito’lco, I fix the ears
of that dog (or ya’ cu’l a‘n ito’lco).

ya’ cu'l ha’ a’n tlemtte’m, the ears of
that dog are torn.

ya’ cu’l ha’kit kif, that dog is theirs.

ya’ cu'l ha’kit cakifi, these dogs are
theirs.

ya cu'l wi’ kif, that dog belongs to
me, that dog is mine.

154

ya’ cu’l wi’ caki’i, these dogs belong
to me, these dogs are mine.

ya’ tsi‘k o’t cakiye’ lik, he is the
stronger of the two.

ya’ tantsta’l kontle’mo, I have torn
this paper (‘‘ce papier j’ai dé-
chiré’’).

ya’ teko’ tik lumlu’mict(a), go and
roll this barrel! (also said to be 1st
pers. sing.).

ya’ wi coko’m, this is my cow (I).

ya’ yu'ds i‘ti, he is larger than (the
other).

ya yu'ds iye’ ta, he becomes
smaller than the other.

yuki't iyi’ ya’ puhitsé’ctsél, we rose
and jumped over (D).

ya (D-—50, 51, 55, 60, 62, 66, 74, 75, 76,
78, 79, 85, 100, 101, 102, 105, 115,
116, 117, 121, 126, 131, 139, 141,
145), ia (D-—47), and.

hika’t ni‘t ya’ ha’l coki’ii wi’ (ce), Iam
five and a half feet (tall).

John tanko’hi ya’ lu’l-ici‘hat, John
jumped in and swam over (n,
“and,” or hal, ‘‘afterwards,’’ could
be used for ya).

koko’kic-o-ik cakicau’tsél ya caki-
tsa’-e, we catch and fry them.

ok hu’ya po’neat ya yi’keat, he came
to see him, cured him and was paid.

o’tsi ya’ o’ts pu’nso, I blow over the
surface of (queried by D).

cul pakna’-u ti’k ya’ pu’x natipa’tsi-
eat, the dog runs and turns a
somersault.

wi himaka’wét kitsak a’majfiyé (or
am-wan ya’), I fell because I was
drunk.

wic ke’-utluxkco ya’ cokiilco, I
smoke and write.
yak, (?).
cokiu‘le hipo’ns yaké’co, I sealed a
letter.

yakst [iakst], to hate, to loathe (E. D.)
(ef. mi(l)).

yaxts, fanner, winnower (basket for
winnowing grain) (‘‘pour vanner le
blé’’).

yal, to take, to seize, to arrest (pl.
stem; sing. ko”).

hakit hukica’k hokia’lulha’-uxe (or

hokia‘lul-a’-uc), they are unable
to marry their relatives (‘‘to take
each other’’) (cf. yil).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

hie’n-tsét wét a’ hina’k kicét okia‘lul
inak, it was as if brothers married
sisters (L-22) (ef. yil).
icik cakd’fine okcékia’‘lat, the con-
stable came and arrested them
(D-148).
i’cak cakya‘lulét, they took the men.
icak ta’-ic o’kid® yukitné mon ialpe’-
hiulét, strangers have come and
taken our land.
né mon yalpe’hiulét, they have taken
the land (‘‘ils ont pris la terre’’).
nec yalwa’nkinto, I am going to earry
wood in my arms.
wi icak cakia‘lu, I take men, I arrest
men.
wi no’k pu’k ne’c yalwa‘nkinto, I
am going to carry an armful of
wood.
ya'l-pe’yulet, they finished taking all.
ya’-u cakya‘Ine, net for fishing.
yalic [iorlish], wolf (E. D.).
yam,
kapi’'ya’me (y&’meo), to pick up
coffee grains (fallen on the ground).
na’-u-oxo’x icya’ mene, chinkapins we
two gather or collect (D-—48).
coxm6'n icya’mcthé, we will gather
everything (D—49).
yam,
icak cakii’m, a liar, a man lying.
ke’-ucakia’mkinto, I sit here telling
lies, I lie.
eakid’m, lie; he’-u cakii’m (pl.).
yam, to tie, to gird.
hatyi’mo, I gird myself.
hi’ yimne, to tie it for me.
til hat?hi’yiamne, ti‘l haty&’mne, a
belt, a strap for girding oneself.
til te’yux yi’mne, strap for valise.
yi’mo, I gird (somebody); iterative
yamyamo.
yan, dark green (‘‘vert’’); pl. ya
itixt (?); E. D. yann [iaann], black,
blue.
oh yafi, o'm ya, herb green, green
deeper in shade than 4k (A. R.).
yapt'x,
yapu’xne,
E. D. tsa.
yack, iack, heavy (?).
won i’-ack, dew is wetting (or ren-
dering dirty).
won ya‘ckat, full of dew (it was),
the dew was heavy.

spear, lance (D-130);

*GATSCH |
SWANTON

ya-u, i-a’u (J), fish (oftener ndi is
used, but it is properly the name
of the catfish; A. R. stated
that ya’-u was also the name of a
particular kind of fish); E. D.
yaghau [iagghau], fish.
komo’k ya’-u cakina’-ucne, or ko’-
mok ya’-u cak’ha‘ne, fish basket
(cak’ha’ne=‘‘to put in”’).
ya’-u al la‘klak (‘fish with hard
flesh’), yao’ la’klak, gaspergou
(L-6), the fresh water drumfish
(given erroneously as ‘‘alewife’’).
ya-pu'm, mullet, ‘‘jumping fish”
(abbr. from ya’-u pu’m).
ya -u icu’lo2, I have caught a fish.
ya -u lu'lkit, ya’-u lu’'l, the fish swims.
ya’ -u cakyaline, net for fishing.
ya-u tsik cakica’wu, I have taken
two fish; sing. ica’wu.
ya-u, to watch, to guard, to wait for,
to keep, to mind, to look after.
a*lak ya’-u, sheriff, ‘‘jail keeper.”
hiya’-u, wait for me!
iya’-u, wait!
iya’-unto, wait ye!
ket hia’uc hu’ni, I can not wait to
see him, I have no time to see him
(a’uc=‘‘not to be able’’).
’nya’-uta, I will wait for you, I will
expect you (D-—42).
wi ya wo, I wait.
ya -ukinto hu’ta, I wait in order to
see him (‘‘j’attends pour le voir’’).
ya -u ti’k hi’ok’n, wait till I come!
yegg liegg], white walnut, hickory
(E. D.).
ye-u, sand.
ye’-u he’-u, sand heaps, lots of sand.
yik, to bargain, to trade, to buy, to
sell, to pay.
hakit cakyi’keta o’kulét, they came
to buy.
hatna’ hiyi’kicta, how much will you
pay me? or how much have you to
pay me?
i’cak cokeaki-i‘ke, a man who had
been sold (not exactly a slave).
la‘ktake tol hi-i’kicat, he has paid me
good silver (or money) (‘‘il m’a
payé argent comptant (or bon)”’.
66784—32——11

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

155

laka’xe hatna‘hiyi’kicta, how much
money will you pay me? how much
money have you to pay me?

cakyi kico, I paid many people.

cakyi’kco, I buy; pl. takes he’-u.

cine’-u ya’ cukcaki‘ke, who are these
merchants?

cit-ha’fi lil ya’ cokcukyi‘ke, picking
to pieces and selling moss (D—75).

coko’n he’-u eaki’keo, I buy many
cows.

coko’n cokeakikeo, I sell a cow.

coko’n tanu’k caki’keo, I buy a cow.

cokeakie’ke a", cok-caki’ke a’, store,
warehouse, “‘house selling things.”

cokeakieke a® yi‘ke hiwe’-u, a high-
priced store.

cok cakie’ke a" yi’‘mo® (or yimo’fi), a
cheap store.

co’ k-caki’ke, merchant (“‘boutiquier’’).

cokeaki’ke a” la’wét, a shop burned
(‘une boutique a briilé”’).

cokeaki keat, she sold them (D-78).

cok-caki’kekit, he is selling (he sold).

cok-cakie, goods.

cokeakyi’‘kco, I sell.

to’lka heyi’kiulat, they paid me well.

yi kico, I paid (her).

yi keat, he paid him (D-117).

yikciwe’-u, high priced, dear.

yi keo, I paid it.

yil, to shine, luminary, light, day

(L-18, 36, 42, 45, 59; D—108);
E. D. idl, iggl, iigg’1; Ak. id] [idle],
day.

a’ itiyi‘le, this month.

a’yil, to-day.

a‘yilic, a’yilict, to-day; E. D. attigl,
ateggl.

ayil kaukau’kit hé’yilake, now it is
raining (or misting) and I am weary
of it (‘‘aujourd’hui ¢a brumasse, je
n’aime pas cela” or ‘‘je suis lasse
de cela’’).

ayi le aktsa‘-uc, today it is cold.

Giwi/le yil u-ev he’ts, New Year,
“the great Sunday of the French”
(u-ev = hiwe-u).

ha‘litiyi‘le, next month (I).

hal yilkin (D—124), halyi’kin, next
day.

156

hika’-untét yi'l tu’tan, I awoke in the
morning (‘‘je me réveillai le ma-
tin”’).

hicokée keo’, yiJkit (or yi'l) ti‘co,
though I am sick I go out every
day.

imtimnd yé'lic, light the candle!
(im=an?).

I’nkilic yi‘lu e’vhets, I’nkili’c yi'l
hu-e’v hets, Christmas (u-ev=
hiwe-u).

iti ma‘fi hihai’xtikyilco, I wepi all
night.

iti mai hiw4'lc tiki‘lat (or tikyi‘lat),
I dream all night (until daylight).

it itiyi/lc, the first month, the past
month.

itiyile (D-53), iti-yile (I), month,
moon; EK. D. tegidlect [teg-idlesht];
Ak. tin-idl [tin-idle], moon.

itiyi‘le ha‘l, the last month (of the
year).

itiyile he’tskit, crescent moon,
“moon is growing larger”’ (I).

itiyile hidso’nkit, waning moon,
“the moon is diminishing.”

itiyile ihuki‘t?ha, new moon, “I
don’t see the moon”? (I).

iti’ yile 7], new moon.

itiyile kima’tip, the intermediate
month.

itiyi‘le pe’het, it is half moon (I).

itiyi‘le pe’tst kahiya’, itiyi‘le pe’tst
kawia(?), last month.

itiyi‘lc pu’ két, it is full moon (I).

itiyile tanu’k, one month (L-39);
E. D. tegg-idlect hannigg.

itiyi/le yi/l, the moon shines.

kakau’ yil, koka’-u yi'l, the sun
shines.

kic yilén yuk’hi’ti ko’-into, she will
speak Atakapa to-morrow.

ku‘tska yiltat, the light shines red.

mi‘le keo’ yi‘l mafi coka’xko (3d pers.
-kit), though he is blind he walks
all day.

na’k ta yi'l, now it is day, now it is
clear weather (‘‘a présent il fait
clair’’).

nats yilyi/l, lightning bug, firefly.

Sa’medi yi], Saturday.

cakyu'le cako’-i ayi’l, a letter sent
to-day.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

cokiu’‘le hike’-at ayi‘l, I have re-
ceived a letter this day.

talko’pka (or tako’p) yi'ltat, the
light shines bluely.

tanu’kip yilkit m6dn, once during the
day (L-40).

tik yi'lco, ti’k yi'l, till day.

tiuxts yimyilckit, it is lightning
slowly.

tiumi’myi‘leckit, it is lightning.

wi yilén ake’ta, I am going to stay
to-morrow.

yan yiltat, the light shines from
afar.

vilat, daylight.

yilén, to-morrow, next day; E. D.
idla, iidla.

yilé2 akili’kicta, I shall wet (it)
to-morrow (again).

yilén a’mta, I will drink to-morrow.

yil he’ts, large light, big day.

yi'l hiwe’-u (D-62), yil howe’-u, week.

yil hiwe’-u e’i, Mardi Gras.

yil hiwe’-u pétik, yi‘l, Monday
(D-149).

yil hiwe’-u yil, Sunday.

yil huwe’-u pe’tik (or pe’tek) yil,
Monday.

yil ita’nts, the day is dark (or
cloudy).

yil ma’fii mon, the whole day.

yil tanuk, one day; E. D. idla
hannigg, iid] hannigg.

yil to’l, clear sky, a fine day, ‘a
good day”; EK. D. tagg tole (tagg
totch).

yil to’l tsa’k hi’nai, I think that it
will be good weather and dry (‘‘je
crois qu’il fera beau temps et sec’’).

yil tu’t, yil tu’tan (I), before day-
light.

yi'l yi'l, the day is clear.

yimyile, lightning; E. D. ihd-igglst.

yu’kit afi itiyilckit, our house is
lighted up at night.

wi yi/lén a’mté (D), wi’ yi/lén a’mta,
I will drink to-morrow.

(na’-ict) yilén a’mta (or a’mté), na
yilén na’mtkit, you will drink
to-morrow.

(ha) yilén a’mta, ha’e yi/lén a’mtkit,
he will come to drink to-morrow.

cee
SWANTON

yuki't yilén icamnéné, yuki't yi‘lén
ica’mtikit, we will come to drink
to-morrow.

naki‘t yilén a’mta, naki’t yi‘lén
naka’ mtikit, you (pl.) will come to
drink to-morrow.

haki’t hi‘lén a’mulxé, haki’t yi‘lén
a’mtikit, they will come to drink
to-morrow.

iggl lamlampst (P), igg’lamlampst (C),
the light is dazzling (E. D.).
iggl tolct [tolsht] (P), iigg tolch [tolsh]
(C), the day is fine, the day is clear
(E. D.).
teg-idlect [teg idlesht], moon (E. D.).
teg-idlect tolct [teg-idlesht tolsht],
the moon shines (EK. D.).
yil, to marry (cf. hila’-i, wife).
John Annie yilwai‘tikit, John will
marry Annie (D-63).
Kile’t-ki’c yilkéya’, Kile’t-ki’ec was
married (D-62).
wic yilke’ta, I am going to marry.
ya ha’c yilke’, then she married
(D-100).
ya’ icak ya ki’c kanyii’c yilwai'tikit,
that man is going to marry that
woman.
ya’ ki‘c kanyi’e ya’ icak ut (or o’t)
yilké, that woman marries that man,
yil (cf. two preceding forms).
yil ka’nmiin ne’e, post oak (D did not
know this word).
yim, yém, to lighten.
ti'uxts yimyi‘Ickit, it is lightning
slowly.
ti’-umi’myilckit (properly ti’uxts
yimyilckit), it is lightning con-
tinually.
yimyi/le, ye’myi'le, lightning.
yi'mo", yemo’fi, cheap.
cok cakieke a™ yi’‘mo®, a cheap store.
yints,
ica’‘t atyi’nsne (D-137), or icat
atyé’né (D-133, 134), head crown
(of silver).
ke’-u yi‘nts, to wrap up sitting.
wi tsi‘t yi‘ntso, I wrap up tobacco
(into a cigar).
yok, to sing; E. D. yok [iok] (cf. yo-u).
hiwe’-uka yo’ko, I sing much.
hokwa‘fic yoko’n, a war song.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

157

ific-wa’nkin yo’k ya’, while they
were mourning and singing (D-—
115).

Ka’‘tkac-yo’k ta’-i, Calcasieu River,
‘‘Screaming Eagle River”’ (I).

cakyo’ kat yoko’n haki't o’t, she sang
songs to them (D-86).

cu’keoe yo’ ktit, the bird chatters.

wi yo ko, I sing.

wocim yok, to whistle.

yoko’n, song (I).

yoko’n ci'li, a fine song.

yoxt, to lie (many) (tixt is sing.).

ke’c cakcoke’c yo’xt wi ca’k’hinai, I
think that many women lie sick
(‘je crois que plusieurs femmes
sont malades’’).

yol, i-d1, bad, mean; pl. yo’lyol or

i-dli-d1; E. D. id] (son i-d)).

ica’k yOl, ica’k i-dl, a mean man.

yo lét, she (or he) was angry (D-79.)

nikiil id] or nikib id] [nickiil idl], the
woman is wicked (E. D.).
yon (probably from preceding).
icik yo’n, wizard, sorcerer (not cer-
tain).
ki’e yo’n, witch (not certain).
yots,
yo'ts ka’nto, to squat.
yo-u fioou], to weep (E. D.). (ef.
yok).
Y6yd’t, name of an Atakapa woman.
yu, yu'kit, we, us, our; E. D. iook, we.
ha’ yu’kit ot (or ut) iemi’cat, he gave
to us.
icak ta’-ic o’kia® yukit né mo’n ial-
pe’ hiulét, strangers have taken our
land.
yan yuki't icti‘uts,
there?
ya cu'l yukit cakifi, that dog belongs
to us.
ya’-u yuki't icu’lts¢l, we have caught
a fish.
yu kit afi iti’ yi‘lckit, our house is
lighted up at night.
yuki't a’nkin, in our house (D—48).
yuki't a” nép, yuki’t a’fic nép, our
house is low.
yuki't eku’nnak na’-utsél, we have
come (‘‘nous sommes arrivés &
Vheure qu’il est’’).

shall we go

158

yu kit hatu’xtsicta o’kit, we come to
learn.

yuki’'t hiwe’-uka ico’yét, we have
laughed much.

yuki't ikinhu’dsél, we look at you
(Ry.

yuki't ina’-utsél, we come into (the
house). .

yu kit icak, our relatives (‘‘nos pa-
rents’’).

yukit icamthé, we will then drink.

yuki't icatpa’wickit, we balance our-
selves.

yuki't icha’l, we are the last (‘‘nous
sommes les derniers’’) (L), we are
behind.

yuki't iciti’, we are first in a line
(‘nous sommes les premiers’’)
(L).

yuki‘t ickéme ko, we would wish to
row (‘‘nous voudrions ramer’’)
(L).

yu kit icoko’-in, while we are chiefs
(given as future).

yuki't ico’fic, we don’t want.

yuki't icpi’‘xn, we die (‘‘nous mou-
rons’’).

yuki't icco’kcokéc, we are sick.

yukit iecukia’-iko’, yukit cukia’ icko’,
we want something to eat, we want
to eat.

yukit (or yuk’hit) itét pel, our step-
father (D-101).

yuki't kan, yu’kit kin, at our house,
at our home (‘‘chez nous’’)
(D-50).

yuki’'t kaukau’ki® tso’-onsél (or tso’-
ontsél), we stand in the water up
to the neck.

yu’kit ki’chu’, we have seen that
(‘nous avons vu ¢3”’) (?).

yu'kit min a’mld, let us all drink!

yuki’'t no’msém tu’xtsél, yuki’t nuk,
we children stayed alone by our-
selves (D-107, 108).

yukit no’me o't, to us children
(D-102).

yuki't ntsét, our brother.

yuki’'t nu‘nkin, in our village (D-53).

yu kit nu’k, ourselves.

yuki't o’-ita, we will sleep.

yuki’t opu’nstit, we blow at each
other.

yuki't o’t, for us.

sf anf

yuki't pai’ o’ktsen, we return home.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

yuki't pu’ns micke’ctsél, we blow
around.

yu kit cukia’xnan iche’-uc, we have
plenty to eat.

yuki't tsi‘k co’ko-i, we two are
chiefs.

yu kit tso-opi cintsél, we twist (fut.?)

yuki't ta-uhatwi’ni Otsota’t ot, we
pray to God.

yukit te’m a‘mtstl, yuki‘t te’m
a’mtsel, we drank yesterday.

yuki’t tiu-o’-ilo, let us go to sleep!

yu kit tiupo’tsicu, we go and turn
loose.

yu kit tiucak’nontsél, we take a walk,
we go outdoors.

yu'kit tiucakpo’tsicu, we go and
turn many things loose.

yuki't ti’uta, we go away.

yukit to’-itsél nespa’lkin, we get
into a carriage (D).

yuki t to okatka’mckitnto, we seratch
each other.

yuki't ukét, our mother.

yuki’t yi‘lén icamnéné, yuki’t vi/lén
ica’mtikit (D), we will drink to-
morrow.

yuki ti ipco’ kéné’, we will be doctors.

yuki'ti ite’t pel, our stepfather.

yuki'ti co’kec, yukit a’ ya’nak
icoke’c, we are sick.

yuki'ti coko’-i, yuki’ti ca’keokoi, we
are chiefs.

yukiti coko’yét, we were chiefs, we
have been chiefs.

yukiti’ cuké’cat, yuki'ts icuke’cat,
we have been sick.

yuki tic la’klak, we are strong.

yu'kitic lakla’kat, we have been
strong.

yukitic lakla’k’n, when we are strong
(or stout).

yukitie ca’kipedk, we are doctors.

yukitic coko’-i, yukitice ca’kcokoi, we
are chiefs.

yuki'ts icatsi’ckicat yuki't oké’t
hu’ne, we were glad to see our
mother (D-109).

yuki'ts ti’ene icd’ficat, we did not
want her to go (D-110).

yuki‘ts tu’l ma ino’-i icitsyu’tskin,
while we were growing up on the
other side of the lake (D-72).

SWANTON

aoa |

yu k’hiti (I), yok’hiti (I-12), yuk’hit

(D-28), yuk’hits (L-12), yuki’tic
(L-37), yuk’hi’ti (L-1, 10, 32, 35;
D-32, 55, 71, 82, 83, 90, 93, 95,
115, 132, 134, 136). yuki’ ti (D—-28,
53, 71, 77, 125), an Indian, an
Atakapa (distinct from yu’kit, our,
us).

kic te’m yuk’hi’ti ko’-iat, she spoke
Atakapa yesterday.

kic yi/lén yuk’hi’ti ko’-into, she will
speak Atakapa.

ki’e yuk’hi’ti ko’-i, she speaks Atak-
apa.

kiwile yuki’ti cako*’cil, the whites
do not like the savages.

yok’hi’ti kon&’n, yuki’ti konain, the
marsh potato, ‘Indian potato.”

yuk’hi'ti he’-u, many Indians.

yu’k’hiti icak, an Indian (I).

yuk’hi’ti (i)cak-wa’fic, warrior, ‘In-
dian at war.”

yuk’hi’ti ka’ a’mene, Indian-made
cup (I).

yuk’hi'ti ka hicpa’i, Indian-made
dish (pottery) (I).

yuk’hi'ti kic, an Indian woman.

yuk’hi'ti ko’-i, the Atakapa language
or talk.

yuki'ti nu’fi, Indian village.

yuk’hi'ti ndfi he’ts (to which hata-
nians may be added), a great
Indian village (of wild Indians).

yuk’hi‘ti ni" hidso” (or hidso’m),
a small Indian village.

yuk’hi'ti coko’-i, an Atakapa chief,
an Indian chief.

Yuk’hi'ti tul, Yuki'ti tu’l, Small
Lake, ‘‘Indian Lake.”

yul, ul, to draw, to write, to counter-

feit; a mark, spot, dot, stripe;
yu'lyul, marked, spotted, striped.

ha’ cokiu’'le o’-iu (or o’yu), I sent him
a letter.

hatiu’leo, I mark myself.

hatiu’lco ’n’o’hik, they painted them-
selves in red (1-24).

ithe’ okyu’l, neckerchief, necktie (L
has i‘nte, neck, for it’he’).

iwe’v’ cakyu’‘le, picture, portrait,
“drawn like something.”

ke’-u cuxkinto na’ke ke-uciu’lkinto,
wie ke’-utluxkco ya’ cokiilco, I
smoke while writing.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 159

ke’-u yule’hu’kinto, I am going to
draw a design as I sit.

ki-ipaxctit yu’l, striped horizontally.

mafie o’t yu'l(yul), striped hori-
zontally (as lines on ruled paper).

na’-u koko’p yulyu’l, striped stock-
ings.

ne’c co’kiulen&, pencil (I).

nét tsat yu’'l mafimafic, striped ver-
tically.

o’k yu’l, handkerchief, any striped
cloth.

okyw lik, by a handkerchief (D—-121).

o’k yul ickim, a shawl, ‘‘a broad
handkerchief.”

o’po yu, striped ribbon.

otse’ yu'l, garter snake, ‘‘lined or
marked snake.”

eakiu‘le hipo’nso, I fold a letter.

cakiu’‘le ké’co, I put a letter in, I
post a letter; pl. of obj. cakéco.

cakiu'le tsipa’xco, I seal (or glue) a
letter.

cakyu'le, letter.

cakyu'le hiko*’at, I received a letter.

cakywle cako’-i ayi‘l, a letter sent
to-day.

cakyu'le cako’-i ha’, a letter not sent
to-day.

e!l yu’leo, I make embroideries, I
sew stripes.

cokiu‘le, co’kiule, a letter, writing, a
newspaper, a debt.

cokiu’le hike’-at ayi’l, I have received
a letter this day.

co’kiule hipo’n (I), cokiu’le hipo‘ns,
a book, ‘writing folded.”

cokiu’le ke-uhu’nto, I read a book, I
look at a book.

cokiu’le hipo’ns yaké’co, I sealed a
letter.

co’kiulen’, cokiulene’, pen, pencil;
also ink.

cokiu‘le pa’-ico, I opened a letter;
pl. ca’kpa’-ico.

cokiu’le cako’-i-u, I sent them a
letter.

coko’n yu'l, a spotted ox; pl. coko’n
yu lyul.

cok yul, stripe.

cukiu’le hatu’xtsict a®’, a school-
house, ‘‘a book-learning house’’
(1).

wi hiwe’ vxyu'lco, I draw.

160

wi iyi’ktat cukiu’lkinto, I stand and
write, I write standing.

wi ke’-u cokiulento, I am going to
write.

wi ke’-u-cukiu lento, wi ke’-u-cukiu'l-
kinto, wie ke’-ucokiu’lento, I am
going to write.

wi cokiu’le he’-u ke’-uhu’nto, I read
many books.

wi cokiu’le ke’-u-hu’nto, I read a
book, ‘‘I sit reading (1).

wic ke’-u-cakiu'Ickinto, I am writing
while seated (I).

wic ke’-u cokiu’lento, I am going to
write.

wie ca ot ke’-u cakiu’lekinto, I
write for somebody (L).

yul ki’-ipaxe o’t, striped horizon-
tally.

yu kolko’l, undulating, wavy.

yul kotsito’lic, checkered, having
squares.

yul okitso’-ic, crossed, having stripes
crossing each other.

yule, yu'lei, word, writing, mark (for
lumber), speech, discourse (D—42
(title)).

yu'l cakpe’m, to shoot at a spot.

yuleo, I mark, I make a mark.

yuc, né-yu'c (1), field (‘‘un clos’’).

ne’c taka’me neyu’e, brush fence
(‘‘clos fait avec des branches’’).

ne-yu’ckin, in the field.

né-yu’c né-po’'m, plowed field.

tso’-ots neyii’c, cornfield.

wi né-yu’ckin pakna’-u ti’co, I run
across a field.

yuts, yu’ds, to grow, grown up, adult,

eldest (‘‘grand’’).

hakit yu'tstit, hakit yutsyu’tstit,
they grow.

ikunyuds, ikunyu’ts (D-74) (com-
posed of ikun, or eikun, ‘‘just now,”’
and yuts, “growing’’), a young
person (male or female).

ikunyu’tsip, to young people (D-
118).

ikunyu ts iti, my youngest son.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN HTHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

ikunyu'ds ka’-u, corpse of a boy (I).
ica’k ikunyu’ts, icak (i)kunyits (I),
a half-grown boy, a young man.
icak iku’nyuds a’npanc, a deaf boy
(1).

icik konyu’ds ta” caktewe’ mo’két,
another young man has come with
the rest.

icitsiu’tsicat, we grew up, she raised
us (D-101).

icitsyu’tskin,
(D-73).

icyutsyu’ts, he raised us (D-—102).

iyu’tskin, when I was grown up
(=itsyu’tskin?) (D-—104).

ki’e ikunyits, also ki’e ickali’t (1),
a girl; pl. ké’cec (L).

kic iku’nyuds a’npance, a deaf girl (I).

ki’c ikunyu’ds ka’-u, the corpse of a
girl (I).

kic ikunyu’ds wa’ci, an old maid, a
spinster.

kic ku’nyuds mile, a blind girl (I).

kiec yuts, young woman (A. R.), also
used as a personal name and was
borne by Delilah Moss; the name
was also applied to the will-o’-the-
wisp, which was said to call people
(may mean ‘eldest woman’’).

wi no’me tsik cakitsyutsickinto, J
raise two children.

wie ikunyu’ts caktika’-u,
young.

wi yol yuds, my eldest son.

ya’ ic&k ya ki’c kanyi’c yilwai’-
tikit, that man is going to marry
that young woman.

ya ki’e kanyi’e ya’ icak ut (or o’t)
yilké, that young woman marries
that man.

ya yu'ds i’ti, he is larger than (the
other).

ya’ yu'ds iye’ ta™, he outgrows the
other.

yu dskit, to grow.

yu'tstit, he grows (animals and
people, but not plants).

while we grew up

I look

INDEX TO THE ATAKAPA DICTIONARY

a, tanu’k.

able, to be; uxts.
about, nak.

above, itse’, dts, te-u.
abuse, to; he-u.
accompany, to; ti, tiwé.
accumulation, mak.
ache, to; hé.

acorn, to’pict.

across, ind’, icix, kipa’xe, ma, coki’nkén.

Adam’s apple, ko-i, mak.
admit, to; in.

adult, yuts.

afar, ya.

afraid, anian.

after, ha, hal, han, -ic.
afternoon, itse’, pa-i.
afterward, hal, tsat’n.
again, kul, pa-i.

against, hok-.

aged, wa’ci.

ago, kaki, tsika’t.

ague, la-u.

ahead, it, iye’.

air, kan, pats.

Alabama, Alpamu’, na-u’.
alewife, ya-u.

all, hika’-u, kic, mafi, mon.
all right!, tol.

alligator, ciwa't.

allow, to; na-u.

almond, co, tep’u’k, tuka’-u.
almost, han.

alone, nuk, cém.

along, mai, 6, Ge.
already, kul.

although, kco.

always, kul, mai.
American, &’nkilic.
Anacoco prairie, kakau.
ancient, wa ci.

and, n, ya.

angle, koc.

angry, i-u(c), ydl.
animal, hattoiau.

ankle, tsi, tuts.

another, tan.
ant, itsa’k.
anthill, itsa’k, pa.
antler, nox, teka’-uc.
anus, tol.
anxious, to be; icuhe.
any, co.
anything, totai.
apiece, cém.
apple, ki’wilc, dl’.
apron, it, kom.
arm, nok.
armful, nok, pu.
armpit, at, nok.
arms, nats.
around, mic.
arrange, to; itol, iwil.
arrest, to; kon, yal.
arrive, to; mok, na-u, 6.
arrow, skenne’, tik.
arrowhead, ici't, tik.
as, nak.
as if, nak.
as yet, ta®.
ascend, to; tam.
ashes, te’moii.
ash tree, wat.
ask, to; in.
as yet, ta.
asleep, oi.
astride, kina’l.
at, -p, -ke, 6, ot.
at a distance, pel.
at all, co.
at the same time, itol.
Atakapa, Ata’kapa, Ta’kapo, Yu’k’-

hiti.
attack, to; tsam.
auger, hdp, nec.
aunt (maternal and paternal), hile’t.
autumn, a’ kmalc, aktsa’-i.
avaricious, ci-i.
awake, to; ka-u.
away, pél.
awl, hop.
ax, pa-i.

161

162 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

baby, cemps tapahan, tsic.
bachelor, i-dl, ca.

back, hal, hatt, pa-i.
back-ache, hé, Sts.
back of, hal, cuk.
bacon, éi, hi’yen.

bad, hatse-e’c, ikau, ydl.
bag, ka-u.

bake, to; wak.

balance, to; pa-u, ta.
ball, toke.

bank, nol, 6, dc.
barefooted, hika’t, cém.
bareheaded, cém.
bargain, to; yik.

bark, tal.

bark, to; wéwéf.

barn, afi, tso’-ots.
barrel, te’k’ho.

barter, to; make.
basin, cixt.

basket, ko.

bass, lak, ya-u.

baton, tsom.

battle, nats.

bay, kéc.

bayou, icdl, ta-i.

Bayou des Gayes, ki-i.
Bayou Dinde, ts’ok, ta-i.
Bayou Noir, ta-i.

be, to; a, ict, -c, ta, to, uc.
bead, koi, ofii, takine’n.
beans, kima’ti.

bear, stigne’, ca’ko.
beard, kat, na-u’, oc.
beast, wild; hattoiau.
beat, to; &m, pak, pam.
beautiful, ci’lif.
beaver, otts.

because, nak, to’hinak, ya.

become, to; iye’, ka, ko.
bed, pil, wal.
bedbug, mui.
bedstead, wal.

bee, mifi.

beef, cokd’ii.
beefsteak, 4l, itsai.
beer, kitsa’k.

before, ha, it, tan, tut.
beg, to; id, nam.
beggar, idf, nam.
behave, to; wai.
behind, hal, dl’, pa-i.
believe, to; nai, wif.

bell, kom, cixt.

bellow, to; hon.

belly, kom, tat.

belong, to; ke.

below, né, cuk.

belt, kaihi, til, yim.
bend, to; kok, kéc, pon, tixt.
best, it.

better, catna’.

between, tsik.

bewitch, to; hatse-e’c, ka.
beverage, im.

beyond, ina’hi, ma.

big, héts, icki’m, kome, uici, uc.
Big Lake, tul.

bile, tins.

bill (of bird), kat, uts.
billow, wal.

billowy, wal.

bind, to; hikon.

bird, cokcd’c, tsdlagst.
birth, to give; mak.
biscuit, hitso’n, wak.
bison, cokd’ii.

bit, atna.

bit, a (piece of money), skale’.
bitch, cil.

bite, to; tsa.

bitter, a’fipats, hé.

black, mél, ya.
blackberry, kif.
blackbird, ts’6k, tsumthimaan.
blacken, to; mél.
blanket, ok.

blaze, to; la-u.

bleed, to; pdoc.

blind, mil.

blood, pic, iggp.

bloom, to; téxlk.

blot, ik.

blow, to; na, pun.

blow (nose), to; lut.
blowgun, pun, tik.

blue, kop, mél, talko’p, yan.
blue racer, otse’, talko’p.
board, nec, pal, tam.
boat, tu.

body, hathe’, uc.

body, dead; pix.

boil, 0, uk.

boil, to; am, ilu’, itsai, tlo
bone, tsi.

bone marrow, tuts.

book, pon, yul.

[BULL. 108:

cE solpe sei
SWANTON

boot, mai, na-u.
border, 6c.

bore, to; hop.

‘borer, hop, pic.

born, to be; ica.
‘borrow, to; mok, na-u.
boss, ki’ wile.

boss (on tree, etc.), ciwa't.
both, tsik.

bother, to; kic.
bottle, kélakua’ts.
bottom, hui.

bow, te, woc.

bowels, ku’i.

bowl, pal, cixt, ckop.
bowlegged, kok.
bowstring, 0, te.

box, teyo’.

boy, i-dl, icol, nome, ca, cka,yuts.
brain, icat, tica’t.
branch, nec, teka’-uc.

brandy, blackberry; im, kitsa’k.

brant, te’moke.

brass, kits, tat.

brave, call.

bread, a’fipats, kop, wak.
break, to; kets, kits, pal, tsa(l).
breast, itsk, nik.
breastpin, mak, tol.
breath, kimi’.

breathe, to; kimi‘ii.
brick, ne.

bridge, nec, ta-i, wil.
bridle, kat, ke, kits, o.
brier, noxco’, ox.

bring, to; tuk.

bring in, to; in, kon.
bristle, na-u’.

broad, icki’m, uici.

broil, to; tiu, wak.
brook, ico’l, kakau’, ta-i.
broom, cil(c).

broth, hiki’.

brother, ha’cka, ntsét.
brother-in-law, wi.
brown, kuts, tat, tol, wac.
brushwood, kome, nec, teka’-uc.
bucket, nec, cixt.
buckskin, lans, til.

bud, téxlk.

bud, to, téxlk.

buffalo, coko’fi.

bug, a red; pitsiyu’.
buggy, nec, pal.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

bull, i-dl, cokd’fi.

bullet, tik.

bullfrog, a’nénui.
bumblebee, mii.

bump, mak.

bumpy, tstk.

burdock, tsipal.

burial, moc.

burn, to; lam, la-u, ca™.
burst, to; tsa(l).

bury, to; moc.

bustard, timokst.

but, kco, iputs.

butcher, 4l, hip, pa-i.
butter, éf, nik.
butterfly, wal.
buttocks, hal, pa-i.
button, tsi’nac.
buttonhole, hop.

buy, to; yik.

buzzard, hi’lai, timokst.
by, ipa], 6.

cabbage, icki’m, wac.
cactus pear, ki-i.

cake, 6)’, wak.
Calcasieu, Ka’tkoc.
calf, icd’].

calf (of leg), kom, nal, tuts.
call (by name) to; efi, wa-u.
camp, an.

can, uxts.

candle, éi, tim.

cane, tu.

cane (stick), hitso’n, nec.
cannon, pem.

canoe, tu.

canvas, ok.

cap, ica’t.

cardinal bird, tstike.
cards, ta’nstal.

care, to; icuhe, wai.
care for, to; hu.

care, not to; tsic.
careful, to be; hu, tol.
carriage, nec, pal.

carry, to; ti, yal.

cart, nec, pal.

case, ka-u.

cat, netswopst, nia’l, cake, ciwd’n.
catamount, netswopst, cake.
catch, to; icul, ko", tsam.
caterpillar, nats, ca™.
catfish, nt’7i’.

cattle, cokd’i.

163

164 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

caul, the; ka-u, ots.

cause, to; na-u, -c.

cedar, khicuc.

ceiling, wal.

cemetery, m6¢, ne.
centipede, tuts.

chair, ite’-u, ke.

chatter, to; yok.

cheap, yi mo”.

checkered, kits, yul.

cheek, al, ke.

chest, itsk.

chest (trunk), teyo’.
chestnut, atsau, no’o’ho.
‘chew, a; kat.

chew, to; tsa.

chicken, noha’me, tsi’ kilik.
chicken snake, otse’.

chief, ko-i.

chigoe, pitsiyu’.

child, nomc, cemps tapahan, cka.
chill and fever, tsuc.

chilly, aktsa’-u.

chimney, ktits, po’, ta.

chin, it, tcet.

china tree, li’la, nec.
chinkapin, na-u’, no’o’ho, ox.
chinkapin, water; hop, hat, tlop.
Choctaw, Tsa’xta.

chop, to; kits, pa-i, pak.
chopper, pa-i.

choupique, the; i-a’n.
Christ, ots.

Christmas, &nkilic, hiwe’-u, yil.
chunk, a; tokce.

church, aii, in.

cigar, tsit, woe.

cigarette, tsit, woc.
cinnamon, nec, 61’, tal.
cinnamon color, nec, 6l’, tal.
city, nin, uc.

claret, kakau’.

clasp, to; pan.

clasped, mak.

claw, tsOx.

clean, to; il, tsak.

clear (of the sky), itha’-ns, tol, yil.
climb, to; tam.

climb down, to; iko, ti.
clock, iwef, iwe-u, ka’khau.
close, to; pan.

close to, 6, Ol’, tiwé.

cloth, ok.

clothes, ke.

cloud, it’ha‘ns, lak.
clouded, it’ha’ns, ots.
cloudy, it’ha‘ns.

cloud over, to; ka-u.
club, nec.

club, to; nec, pak.

coals, kitso’nc, kuts.

coat, man, ok.

coat sleeve, ka-u, nok, ok.
cocklebur, pa’ mhoka’-i, tsipal, tan.
coffee, kapi’.

coffee grains, kapi’.
coffee mill, kapi’, li.
coiled, cém.

coin, lak.

cold, aktsa’-ti, ko-i (sickness).
colic, hé, kom.

collar (of shirt), inte’, ka-u, tsul.
collect, to; mak, yam.
cologne, hima’, kakau’.
colt, hitso™’, cm, tsanu’k.
comb, a; ka-u(c).

comb, to; ka-u(c).

come, to; mok, 6.

come down, to; ik.
come in, to; in.

come near, to; han, ti.
come out, to; ta.
coming, tut.

coming down, iko.
command, to; wac.
complete, to; pe.
conjurer, i’pcdk.
connect, to; tsam, tsipal.
constable, kon.
consumption, ko-i.
contended, lik.
continual, man.
continuously, ti-u.
contort, to; pic.

cook, a; 4m.

cook, to; 4m.

cool, aktsa’-i.

copper, kuts, lak, tat.
copper colored, kuts.
cord, o.

cork, ka-u.

corn, necdum, tso’-ots.
corncob, tsi’, tso’-ots, wak.
corncrib, aii, tso’-ots.
corner, k6c.

cornfield, yuc.
cornmeal, kop, li, tso’-ots.
cornstalk, tso’-ots.

[BULL. 10%

eel DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 165

SWANTON

corpse, ka-u. dance, to; pux, wan.
corrugated, wak. dance (religiously), to; ak.
cotton, pa'tite’-u. dance house, ak.
cough, ko-i. dark, iti’.

cough, to; hop, ko-i. darkness, iti’.
counterfeit, to; yul. daughter; kicil, tei.
country, ne. daughter-in-law, wi.
courageous, cd(I). dawn, iye’.

court, kak, tim. day, yil.

courthouse, an, ko-i. daylight, yil.
cousin, female; wét, hile’t. dazzle, to; lam.
counsin, male; pén. dead, the; ka-u, pix.
cover, pac. deaf, an, pan.

cover, to; ka-u, dts. dear, yik.

covering, ok. death, ka-u.

cow, coko’ii. debt, yul.

coward, its-kawi'c. decrease, to; hitso’n.
coyote, camc. deem, to; wif.

crab, tsam. deep, hui, kac.
crack, to; tsa/(l). deer, lans.

cradle, wil. defend, to; 16.
crane, talhafic. desire, to; ko.
crawfish, tsam. detest, to; mi(!).
crawl, to; ci-u, tsat. devil, ca, tal.

crazy, ckalcka’c. dew, won.

creeper, te-i. dewberry, kif.
Creole, ki’wilc, ca. diarrhea, hé, kom.
crescent (moon), yil. die, to; ka-u, pix.
crooked, kok, pic. differ, to; tuka’-u.
crop, to; kits. different (things), hok-, tan, tanu’k..
cross, to; icix. dig, to; méc, tam.
cross roads, wan. dipper, 4m, ckop.
cross stripes, icix. direct, ta-i.

crossed, yul. dirt, lu, tlake.

crow, kak. dirt color, tuka’-u, tlake.
crow, to; ko-i. dirty, tlakc.

crown. (of head), ica’t, itse’. disagreeable, taue’.
crown (of king, chief, etc.), yints. discourse, ko-i, yul.
crush, to: lik. discover, to; winé.
crust (of bread), tal, wak. disease, hé.

ery, to; hai, yo-u. dish, maf, pl, cixt.
culmination, itse’. disk shaped, kits.
cup, 4m, ka, kap6’, ckdp. dislike, to; ofic.
cure, to; ka, peni, tol. distant, pél.

curly, wol. ditch, ik, kakau’, ta.
current, akna. divide, to; pa-i.
curse, to; he-u. dizzy, itse’, iwan.
cushion, ka. dizziness, itse’, iwan.
cut, a; kits. do, to; ka.

cut, to; kits. doctor, a; i’pcdk.
cutter, a; kits. doctor, to; i’‘pcdk, mic.
cypress, txiit. dog, cul.

damp, nak, won. dollar, lak.

dance, a; ak, cuk(s). domesticated, tol.

166 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

door, afi, kat.

dot, ik, yul.

double, pon, cém, tsam, tsik.
doubt, to; wif.

down, né.

down (of birds, etc.), li, na-u’, tot.

downward, né.
dragon-fly, kamtsi‘c.
draw, to; yul.

draw out, to; kon, ta.
drawers, hui, ké.
dream, hi’ wal(c).
dream, to; hi’ wal(c).
dregs, kitsa’-u.
dress, ka, ke.

dress, to; itol.

drift, to; ka-u (in air), wan.
drink, a; im.

drink, to; 4m, pix.
drinking cup, 4m.
drip, to; ik.

drive, to; tuk, tlop, wafi.
drizzle, to; po’.
droll, co’ yuan.

drop, a; ik, ta.

drop, to; ik.

drown, to; ik’ha-u.
drunk, to be; ka-u.
dry, to; tsak.

duck, skau, coknd’k.
dull, tok.

dull color, tuka’-u.
dung, it.

dusk, iti’, nak, tém.
dwell, to; nul.

dye, to; mél.

each other, hok-.
eagle, ka’‘tkoc.

ear, an.

ear (of corn), wak.
earring, an; kom.
earth, ne.
earthquake, iwan, ne.
east, toli.

eastern, toli.

eat, to; kil, ya.
eater, ya.

eaves, ik, kakau’.
ebb tide, nal, tul.
eddy, an; akna, mic.
eddy, to; pa-u.

edge, 0, dc.

egg, ku, tsil.
eggshell, ku, tal.

eight, himato’l, tsik.
eighteen, hal, tsik.
eighty, hi’yén, tsik, pon.
elbow, est, nok, seksa, cuk, wdc.
eldest, yuts.

elevation, small; tlot.
eleven, hal, tsanu’k, woc.

| elm, till.

embroider, to; ci(l), yul.
end, te-u, tol, uts.
enemy, pen.

English, é’nkilic.
enjoyment, lik.
enlarge, to; héts.
enough, nak, pe, tol.
enraged, i-u(c).

enter, to; in, tohi.
erect, illitt, ka, ta.
escalin, ska’le.

even, pal.

evening, iti’, tem.
ever, CO.

every, mon.
everything, mon.
every where, itha’fi, mon.
excellent, tol.
exchange, to; make.
exist, to; nul.
extinguished, miiks.
eye, wol.

eyeball, kima’ti, wl.
eyebrow, na-u’, wol.
eyelash, kica’fi, wil.
eyelid, kica’i, pac, wal.
face, inwe, it.
face-covering, ka-u.
face-paint, n’ox.

fall, a’‘kmAlec, aktsa’-u, ti.
fall, to; mak.

fall, to (as a tide or freshet); tsak.

fan, wal.

fan, to; wal.

fanner, a; yaxts.

far, pél, ya.

fast, Jak, ti-u.

fast, to go; ka-u, pol.
fasten, to; hikon, kul.
fat, én.

father, (hi)te’t, ca-u.
father-in-law, hica‘n.
fear, to; anian.
feather, li, na-u’.
feather, to; col.

| feeble, min.

eer |
SWANTON

feel, to; minst.

female, kic.

fence, kak, ne, ok, yuc.
ferocious, anian.

fetch, to; tuk.

fever, la-u.

fever, yellow, la-u.
few, a'tna, he-u.

fiber bark, tal.

fiddle, nak.

field, ne, yuc.

fifteen, hal, nit.

fifty, hi’yen, nit, pon.
fig, nec, cec.

fight, to; nats, tsam.
filly, cdm, tsanu’k.

fin, kam, nok.

find, to; winé.

fine, ci‘lif.

fine (of the weather), tol.
finger, nak, woc.

finger nail, ehuks, nak, tsdx, w6c.
finger ring, woc.
finish, to; hafic, ka’-iic, pe.
fire, kam, kitso’nc.
firefly, nats, yil.
fireplace, ipa’l, kitso’ne.
firewood, kitso’ne, la-u, nec.
first, ha’hu, it.

fish, nt’i, ya-u.

fish, a species; i-a’n.
fish, to; kom, yal.

fish basket, in.
fishhook, kok.

fishline, 0, kok.

fish net, yal.

fist, mak, woc.

five, nit.

fivefold, nit, cém.

fix, to; itol.

flag, ok.

flanks, kii’cnak.

flap, to; pak, pats.

flat, pax, pal.

flatten, to; pax, pal.
flea, pux.

flesh, 4l.

flexible, li.

flint, wai.

flipper (of a turtle), hika’t, kone’.
float, to; pol, wail.
flood (tide), kac, tul.
floor, nec, wal.

flour, kop, li, tso’-ots.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 167

flour mill, li, tso’-ots.
flow, to; akna.

flower, téxlk.

fiutter, to; pats, wal.

fly, ma’tsiwa.

fly, to; ka-u, tsat, ti.
foal, to; mak.

foe, pén.

fog, kome, ci, won.

-fold (with numerals), pon, cém.
fold, to; pon.
fontanelle, hop, itse’.
food, ya.

fool, uxts.

foolish, ckalcka’c, co’ yuan.
foot, hika’t, tippell, tuts.
foot (measure), hika’t.
footlog, nec, wai. .
footprint, pak.

for, ot, -p, co.

ford, to; icix, kipa’xc.
forehead, itse’, mak.
forenoon, itse’.

forest, kak.

forget, to; tse-uwan, wic.
fork, tlop, ya.

fork (of river), kin, ta-i.
form, to; capats.

forty, himato’l, hi’yen, pon, tséts, woe.
foundation, a; nul.
four, himato’l, tséts.
fourfold, himato’l, cém.
fourteen, hal, himato’l, tséts, woc.
fowl, domestic; noha’me.
fox, caks.

freeze, to; alc, capa’ts.
French, ki’wile, ca.
fresh, il.

friend, pén.

frighten, to; nté-i.
frisky, co’ yuan.

frog, a’‘kitoc, a’nénui.
from, ke.

front, it.

frost, ha-u.

fry, to; itsai.

frying pan, itsai.

full, pu, cém, tal, yack.
full moon, pu, yil.

fun, full of; co’yuan.
funeral, moc.

fur, na-u’.

(future time), -éhé.
gain, to; kon.

168 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL.. 108

gall, tins. grandmother, maternal and paternal;

gallop, to; pakna’-u, pol, tsat.
garden, kak, tim.

garfish, kon.

gargle, to; mdl, tsak.
garter, kaihi, kop, na-u.
‘garter snake, otse’, yul.
gaspergou, lak, ya’-u.
gate, an, kak.

gather, to; mak, nul, yam.
generous, tol.

gentle, tol.

gently, ti’ uxts.

genital organs, kams.
genuine, uc.

German, A’léman.

get into, to; tohi.

get out, to; ta. «

get up, to; its, iye’.
gimlet, hop, pic.

gird, to; yam.

girl, kic, kun, nikiil, nome, yuts.
give, to; e(?), mic.

given out, pe.

glad, to be; tsic.

glass, hu.

glittering, lak.

globular, toke.

glove, kom, woc.

glue, tsipal.

glue, to; tsipal.

go, to; non, pa-i, ti, wail.
go fast, to; tsat.

go in, to; in.

go into, to; hol.

go out, to; ta.

go up, to; tam.

goblet, cixt.

God, ots, ot, ta.

gold, kuts, lak.

gold color, tat.

gone, pe.

good, tol.
good-for-nothing, c6, tol.
goose, enetst, nok, te-u.
gourd, kipa’dsu.

gourd rattle, kipa’dsu, cofi.
govern, to; ko-i, wan.
grain, ots.

grandchild, nil.
granddaughter, nil.
grandfather, maternal and paternal; |

kflea.

nil.
grandson, nil, kilca.
grape, a lif.
grasp, to; kon.
grass, on.
grasshopper, to’kitsit, pux, wak.
grave, hop, ne, tam.
graveyard, moc.
gravy, én.
gray, to, uc.
grease, én.
grease jar, ka-u.
greasy, én.
green, ak, kop, on, tat, yan.
green (fresh), il.
gridiron, 4l, tiu.
grieve, to; ilafi, wan.
grind, to; ém, li.
ground, ne.
grow, to; 4x, héts, its-, iye’, yuts.
grunt, to; in.
guard, to; ya-u.
gully, ai, ta-i.
gum, nike.
gum tree, ehe’-u, nec.
gun, pem.
gunpowder, kitso’nc.
guts, ku’i.
gutter, ik, kakau’.
hackberry, kG", nec.
hail, ha-u, pux, wak.
hail, to; pux, wak.
hair, na-u’.
hair (of head), kec, téc.
half, cuki‘n.
half grown, yuts.
hammer, pam.
hand, woc.
handkerchief, ok, yul.
handle, ka-uc.
handsome, ci'lifi.
hang, to; kom, capa’ts.
hanging, capa’ts.

hard, hiwe’-u, hue’, lak, tann, ti-u,

tol.
hare-lip person, kits.
harvest mits, pitsiyu’.
hat, ica’t.
hatchet, pa-i.

| hate, to; mi(l), yakst.

have, to; ha, ka, ké.
hay, on.

ees |
SWANTON

he, ha.

head, ica’t, tol.
headache, hé.

heal, to; peni.
healthy, tol.

hear, to; nak.

heart, co.

hearth, ipa’l, kitso’ne.
heartily, hiwe’-u.
heat, ilu’.

heaven, it’ha’ns.
heavy, aceb, kome, koi, yack.
help, to; ka, 16.

hen, noha’me, tsi’kilik.
her, ha.

here, a, 6, -p, ya.

heron, tsi’kip, ta, talha’nc, tosigs.

herself, ha.

hickory, nec, paktsa’ke, yegg.
hide, til.

hide, to; inw, tsan.
high, iye’, mets, ots.
high (water), kac.
high priced, yik.

hill, ne, neklagg, nol.
him, ha.

himself, ha.

hip, ki’cnak.

his, ha.

hiss, to; woc.

hit, to; pak.
hoarfrost, ha-u.

hoe, ka‘ntsa’-u.

hog, hi’yen.

hoist, to; iye’.

hold, to (to make); ka.
hole, hop, tal, tam, te.
holiday, hiwe’-u.
hollow, hop.

home, af, niin, ot, pa-i.
honey, ak, min.
honeylocust, nit.
hook, kok.

hook and eye, kaihi.
“hoop snake,” il.
horizon, mic, ne.
horizontally, kipaxc, man.
horn, nox.

horned owl, wolce’l.
hornet, mii.

horse, tsanu’k, wen.
horseback, tsanu’k.
horsefly, i-of.

hot, ilu’.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

169

hour, iwef.

house, aii.

howP, hatna’, na.

how muchP hatna, na.

hum, to; lon.

human being, ca.

hundred (and compounds),
pon.

hungry, ka-u.

hunt, to; nal.

hunt, to (to search); ini.

hurricane, a; hi, lak.

hurry, to be in a; wanha’n, woc.

hurt, to; hé, ka-u.

husband, hipa’, i-dl, ca.

husk, tso’-ots, tal, wac.

I, hi-, -o, wi.

ice, Ale.

icicle, dlc, capa‘ts.

if, n, -n.

imitate, to; iwe’-u.

(imperative), -16, -to.

in, hui, ke, ots, tixt.

in front, iti.

in return, pa-i.

increase, to; héts.

index finger, it, nak, woc.

Indian, an; kuts, ca, yu’k’hiti.

Indian Lake, tul, yu’k’hiti.

indoors, kima ti.

industrious, hiwe’-u, ka.

inebriated, ka-u.

infant, cemps tapahan, tsic,

infant basket, ko.

inhabit, to; nul.

injure, to; hé.

ink, yul.

inlet, koc.

insect, nats.

inside, kima ‘ti.

intelligent, uxts.

intensely, nak.

intermediate, iti’, kima’‘ti.

interpreter, an; uxts, wan.

(interrogation), a.

invitation, in.

iron, kits.

iron, to; kifixi.

irrigate, to; ik.

island, kak, ne, ta-i.

it, ha, hi-.

itseif, ha.

jackass, an.

jaguar(P), intok, came.

hi’yen,

170 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 108.

jail, an, lak.

jail keeper, ya-u.

jar, pal, cixt.

jaw, kat, ots, tsi.
jawbone, ots, tsi.
jessamine, téxlk.
join, to; tsam.

joy, lik.

judge, ko-i.

juice, ak.

jump, to; illipi, pux, wak.
jump in, to; in, tanko’hi.
jump into, to; hol.
just now, eiku’n.

just so, nak, to’hinak.
kantak, tla’kict.

keep, to; na-u, ya-u.
keep still, to; ke.
kernel, co.

kettle, cixt.

key, lak.

kick, a; pak.

kick, to; tsal.
kidneys, wul ha’‘ktake.
kill, to; nima.

kiss, kat.

kiss, to; kat, tots.
kitchen, am, af.
kitten, icd’l, ciwd’n.
knead, to; tsafi(c).
knee, te’mak.
kneecap, éi, te’mak.
kneel, to; te’mik, tlip.
knife, kits.

knob, mak.

knock, to; pam.

knot, hikon, lak, mak.
know, to; uxts.
ladder, wolka’nts.
lady, kic.

lake, ciw0d’n, tul.

Lake Charles lake, te-u.
lame, kets, wan.
lance, tsa, yapii’x.
land, ne.

land measure, iwef.
language, ko-i.

lap, to; im.

lard, éi, hi’yen.

large, héts, ick&’m, mets, uici, uc.

lark, itsk, cokcd’e, tsila’m, tit.
last, hal, it, kawiya, pe.
laugh, to; ha’yu.

laurel, hi’lafi, nec, té.

lazy, hilak.

lead, com, tik.

leaf, wac.

leak, to; hop, ik.

lean, pax. A

leaning, talanka’-u.

leather, til.

leave, to; na-u, nul, pots, ta, ti.

leech, lam.

left (hand), kets.

leg, lower; tuts.

leg, upper; mal.

leg (of table), hika’t.

lend, to; mok.

leopard, cime.

lessen, to; hitso’n.

let, to; in, na-u.

let out, to; ta.

let us! -l6.

letter, a; yul.

level, pal.

liana, te-i.

liar, a, uc, wan, yim.

liberal, tol.

lid, pac, cixt.

lie, to; holli, nihu, nok, nul, tixt (sing.),.
yoxt (pl.).

lie, to (a falsehood); yim.

life, pistaggs.

lift, to; iye’, kon (?).

ligament, nal.

light, yil.

light, to; tim, yil.

light (in weight), koi, tla-t.

lighten, to; mak, ne, yim.

lightning, yil, yim.

lightning bug, nats, yil.

lightning rod, kon.

like, nak, tuka’-u.

like, to; icuhe, ite’-u.

lily, marsh; ai, talko’p, téxlk.

limb, nec, teka’-uc.

line, yul,

lip, kat.

liquid, ak.

listen, to; nak, pax.

little, hitso’n, icd‘l, cka.

little, a; a’tna.

live, to; ka, ke, nul, to, wan.

lively, co’yuan.

liver, kétsk.

lizard, ma‘kéts, nishtomam.

loathe, to; yakst.

lock, ai, lak.

oon DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE Lal

lock, to; lak. match box, ka-u, kol, la-u, teyo’.
log, nec. matter, to be the; ka.
long, man. me, hi-, wét.

long time, a; kdl. meadow, loxk.

look, to; hu. meadow lark, itsk, tsila’m.
look like, to; tuka’-u. meal, kop, li.

look after, to; ya-u. mean, haise-e’c, yl.

look for, to; ii. mean, to; co.
looking-glass, it, hu. measure, to; iwef.
lookout, to be on the; ini. meat, 4l.

loose, to; pots. medicine, te-1.

lope, to; pol, tsat. medicine, a kind of; hi’lai, te-i.
lose, to; axli(c). meet, to; kin.

lots of, he-u. meeting place, kin, ta-i.
loud, maghasu, Ots. mend, to; ka, ka-i.

louse, nin, tsil. merchant, yik.

love, to; ite’-u, lém, cot. Mermentau River, ’nmanta-u.
low, mok, né. mew, to; hon.

low (water), nal, tsak. Mexican, T’sa’yon.

low, to; hon. Mexico, ne, Tsa’yon.
lower, né. midday, ka’khau.

lowered in front, po-ol. middle, kima’ti.

luck, tol. midnight, iti’, kima’'ti.
lumber mill, kif, tam. mile, iwef, ne.

luminary, yil. milk, nik.

lump, mak. mill, li, tso’-ots.

lungs, itsk, tsats. mill, to; hat-, ka.

lynx, netswopst, cake. mind, to; ya-u.

maggot, nits. mischievous, co’ yuan.
magnolia, hila’fi, maf, nec, té, wac. missile, a small; com.
maize, necdum, tso’-ots. mist, +0; po’.

“make, to; ka, na-u. mix, to; mak.

‘make baskets, to; ko. moccasin, na-u.

make do, to; wac. moccasin snake, otse.
make fun of, to; ha’yu, iwe-u. mock, to; iwe-u.

male, i-dl, ca. mocking bird, ko-i, takis, tots.
“man, a; i-dl, ca. moist, ak, nak, won.
mane (of horse); na-u’, té. molar, ické’m.

manure, it. molasses, ak, ne, Ol’, cick.
many, he-u, mon. mole, h6um, mom.

many times, ti’mka. Monday, hiwe’-u, pe, yil.
marble (to play with), ce. money, lak.

Mardi Gras, éi, hiwe’-u, yil. monkey, kiic, mél, tuka’-u.
mare, tsanu’k. month, yil.

mark, yul. moon, iti’, yil.

mark, to; yul. moor, to; hikon.

marrow, tuts, wa. more, hal, it, iye’.

marry, to; hila’-i, yal, yil. morning, iye’, yil.

marsh, ai, kotsk(o). mortar, pa.

marsh lily, talko’p, téxlk. mosquito, tla.

mash, to; lik. moss, cit.

master, ki’wilc. mother, huké’t, tei.

mat, kal. mother-in-law, hica‘n.
match, kol, la-u. mound, mak.

66784—32——12

172

mount, to; tam.

mountain, katt, mak, ne.

mourn, to; ilaf, wan.

mouse, an, pak.

mouth, kat.

mouth (of a river), ntul.

move, to; iwan, tsip.

much, he-u, hiwe’-u.

mucus, mil.

mud, lu.

muddy, tloke.

mulatto, i’ctoxe.

mulberry, cec.

mule, an, maf.

mullet, pux, ya-u.

mumps, ko-i.

muscadine, hi‘lafi, wdl.

musical instrument, a certain kind
of; nak.

mustache, kat, na-u’.

mute, ko-i.

my, wi.

myrtle bush, ine’.

myself, wi.

nail, i’col.

nail (of finger); ehuks(?), nak, tsdx.

naked, wo’cifia.

name, ef.

name, to; efi, wa-u.

narrow, po.

nasty, ikau.

near, ipal, 6, Gl, tiwé.

near, to come; han.

nearly, han, nak, dl.

neck, inte’, ko-i.

necklace, ok.

necktie, inte’, ok, yul.

needle, hop, tol.

negress, ktic, mél.

negro, ktc, mél.

neigh, to; hai.

nephew, tens.

nest, pa.

nest (of ant), itsa’k.

net, yal, ya-u.

never, co.

new, il, kalla.

new moon, yil.

New Orleans, niin, uc.

newspaper, yul.

New Year’s day, hiwe’-u, yil.

next, ha.

next to, (ot) kine.

nice, ci'lif.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 108

niece, tens.

night, iti’.

nine, tegghuiau, woc.
nineteen, hal, tegghuiau.
ninety, hi’yen, tegghuiau.
nipple, nik.

noiya> ha:

nobody, ca, cod.

none, ha.

noon, itse’, ka’ khau.
north, hdle.

northern, hdle.

nose, uts.

nose ring, kom.

nostril, hdp, uts.

not, ha.

nothing, cd, cok, totai.
nothing, for; kon, totai.
now, a, eikun, kul, nak.
oak, to’pict, ka’ficinke, kuts, nee, yib-
oar, hin.

obliged, hiwe’-u.
occiput, inte’.

ocean, kakau’, tul.
ocelot (P), came, tek.
oesophagus, ko-i.

of, ot.

often, ti’mka.

oil, éf.

old, iolic, kop, wa’ci.
oldest, wa’ci.

old maid, kic, yuts.
omelet, itsai, ku, noha’me.
on, ots, ot, -p.

on account of, -p.

on the bank of, 6, oc.
on the edge of, 6, oc.
on the point of, l.

on the rim of, oc.

on the side, num.

on this side of, i'ti.

on the top of, ots.
once, tanu’k.

one, tanu’k.

one another, hok-.
only, ipu’ts.

open, to; pa-i, tel.
opossum, hi’yen, kak.
oppressive, hatte’.

or, n, tan, u.

orange (tree), nec, ne’tatat, tat.
order, to; wahi, wac.
other, tan.

ought, kaf.

Soeers DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE 173

our, yu. peel, to; lom.
ourselves, yu. peeling, tal.
out, miiks, pa-i, pe. pen, yul.
outdoors, pic. pencil, nec, yul.

outgrow, to; iye’, yuts.
outside, pic.

oven, pal, cixt.

over, ma, Ots, tséc.
over (across), icix.

penis, toto’c.

pepper, kuts, co, tayo’ts, tuka’-u.
perch, pitx.

perfume, hima’.

over (finished), hanc, pe. persimmon, Ol’.
overcoat, mai, ok. person, a; Ca.
overhead, Ots. pestle, pa, wak.
overlap, to; maf, tanu’k. petticoat, hui, ke.
owl, a’nt’hu, wawact. pheasant, enke’wict.
owl, horned; wolce’l. physician, i’pcok.
owl, screech; woe, iti’. pick, to; yam.

own, to; ké. picket, tim.

ox, i-dl, cokd’fi. picture; iwe’-u, yul.
oyster, uk. pie, dl’, wak.

pace, to; tsat, ti’-uxts. pierce, to; hop.
paddle, hin. pig, hi’yen.

paddle, to; kem. pigeon, togské.

pail, nec, cixt. pile, a; mak.

pain, hé, lam, wai. pile, to; mak.
painful, hé. pillow, ka.

paint, ’n’ox. pillowcase, ka, ka-u.
paint, to; yul. pimple, o, cdm, uk.
pair, tsik. pin, m4k, tol.
paling, tim. pinch, to; tstim.
palm (of hand), kima’ti, woc. pine, maf, muf, nec.
palmetto, ma‘kpél. pink, kuts.
palpitation, pak. pipe, tsict, tluk.
pantaloons, ca, ke. pistol, pem.

pants, ke, ok, ca. pitcher, cixt.

paper, ta‘nstal. pith, co.

parasol, ack. pity, to; icuhe.
parch, to; itsai. place, kahiya’.
parching pan, itsai. place, to; itol, na-u, ne.
parents, ca. plane, kats, ne.
part, to; ti. plane, to; kats, ne.
partridge, nelkitson. plank, nec, pal.
pass, to; ti. plant, a; hi.

pass (of a river), ntul. plant, to; hi.

past, tsika’t, kaki. plantain(?), a-i.
patasa, pitx. plaquemine, Ol’.
path, wai. plate, ka, pal, cixt.
pathway, wan. play, co’ yuan.

paw, hika't. play, to; anka, wan.
pay, to; yik. play (on an instrument), to; nak.
peach, tepu’k. playful, co’yuan.
peanut, ku‘lc-wilc. pleased, lik, tsic.
pearl, takine’n. plenty, he-u.

peas, kima’ti. pliant, li.

ecan, nec, pa’kan. low, a; ne, pom.
) ? ? ’

174 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

plow, to; pom.
plowman, ne, pom.
plowshare, ne, pom.
plucky, call.

plum, kits, tep’u’k.
plunge, to; ik, mak.
(plural), -kit, té.
pocket, hop, kom.
pod, kima’ti.

point, uts.

point, to; nak.
poison, katse-e’c, te’-i.
poison vine, hé, tsat.
poker, kitso’nc.
polecat, cikitic, tsinniu.
policeman, kon, ca.
polished, kats.
pond, ai, kotsk(o).
pond lily, hop, kat.
pony, tsanu’k.

poor, lak.

poplar, tai.

pork, 4l, hi’yen.
porpoise, pun.
portrait, iwe’-u, yul.
possess, to; ké.
post, tlop.

post, to; ke.

post oak, yil.

pot, pal, cixt.
potato, koné’n.
potato, marsh; ai.
pottery, lu.

pound, to; ém.
power, hiwe’-u.
powerful, hiwe’-u.
prairie, loxk.

prairie chicken, enke’wict, hom, of.

pray, to; wén.

prayer bead, ko-i, takine’n.

preach, to; ko-i, wan.
pregnant, com.
prepare, to; itol.
prepared, to be; pe.
present, a; mic.
previously, ha’hu, it.
prick, to; ka-u, tlop.

prickly ash, nec, ciwa’t, té.

prickly pear, ki-i.
priest, in, ca.
prison, an, lak.
proceed, to; ti.
property, cok.
protector, pats.

protrude, to; kam.
proud, tséi, tsil.
provisions, ya.
prune, kits, tep’u’k.
pull out, to; icul, kon.
pumpkin, moéytm.
punch, to; man.
pup, icd’l, cul.
puppy, icd’l, cul.
purple, uc.

pursue, to; nik’ha/’-u.
push, to; man, tsaii(c).
put, to; itol, na-u, ne.
put in, to; in, ke.

put in order, to; iwil.
put into, to; hol, ka-u.

quail, tsila’m, nelkitson.

question, to; in.
quick, lak, man.
quicker, ha, maf.
quickest, ha, maf.
quickly, ha, maf.
quiet, elai, ti’uxts.
quiver, ka-u, tik.
rabbit, an, pon, well.
raccoon, wi’ lkol.
rail, nec, tam.

rail, iron; kuts.
rain, kakau’, won.
rain, to; kakau’.
rainbow, min, paxts.
raise, to; its-, yuts.
raised bread, pe-u.
raisins, a‘lii.
rapidly, lak, ti-u.
rat, an, pak.
rattle, to; coil.
rattlesnake, otse’.
raven, kak.

raw, il.

razor, lac, na’-u’.
read, to; hu.
ready, itol, pe.
real, uc.

receive, to; kon.
reciprocally, hok-.
rectangular, mai.
red, kuts, ofg.

red bug, pitsiyu’.
red paint, ’n’ox.
Red River, kuts, ta-i.
redden, to; kuts.
reed, dct.
(refiexive), hat-.

[BULL, 108

tae | DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE
rejoicing, lik. rot, to; ic.

relations, ca. rotten, ic.

relatives, ca. rough, tstk.

relax, to; kom.
remain, to; ke, nul.
remember, to; uxts.
remove, to; tsip.
reproach, to; he-u.
resemble, to; tuka’-u.
rest, the; tan.
restless, ke, ti’uxts.
return, to; 6, pa-i.
revolve, to; mic.
rhume, aktsa’-u.

rib, iautall, wext.
ribbon, po.

rice, te-u.

rich, ke.

ride, to; ite-u.

ridgy, wak.

rifle, pem.

right hand, te, tol, woc.
rim, 6c.

rind, tal.

ring, ke.

ring, to; cof.

ring shaped, nak, woc.
ripe, lak, ne.

rise, to; iye’, 6.

river, akon(st), ta-i.
rivulet, icd’l, ta-i.
road, wail.

roar, to; kan, lon.
roast, to; wak.

roast beef, cokd’i, tiu.
roaster, wak.
roasting stick, tlop.
robe, ke.

robust, lak.

rock, wai.

rock, to; wil.

rocking-chair, ite-u, ke, wil.

roily, tloke.

roll, to; lum.

roller, lum.

roof, dts. -

room, an.

rooster, i-d], noha’me, ca.
root, wil.

root, to; mii.

root beer, a’fipats, kakau’.
rope, o.

rosary, takine’n.

rose, téxlk, tim.

round, kits, tokc.

row, to; kem.

rowboat, kem, tu.

rub, to; kol, col, tsak, wo-i.
rugged, tsik.

run, to; pakna’-u, tsat.
run, to (as a river); akna.
run after, to; nik’ha’-u.
rust, hatsi’l.

rusted, hatsi’l.

rusty, hatsi‘l.

rustle, to; con.

sack, ka-u.

sad, elan, ckal koptalé.
saddle, kipa’xc, nec.
sail, ok.

salmon color, tat, uc.
salt, ne, cick.

salt cellar, ka-u, ne, cick.
same, the; tan, tanu’k.
sand, ye-u.

sap, ak.

satisfied, lik.
Saturday, Sa’ médi, yil.
sauce, én.

sausage, ko(l), kui.
savage, anian, yu’ k’hiti.
saw, a; kin.

saw, to; kif.

sawdust (?), ak, nec.
sawmill, afi, kif, tam.
say, to; wan.

scab, kats.

scaffold, nec, ta.
scaffolding, nec, ta.
scald, to; la-u.

scale (of fish), luc.
scalp, ica’t, lac.

scalp, to; lac.

scalping knife, lac, kuts.
scare, to; nté-i, co(l).
scent, hima’.

scent, to; hima’, mufi.
scenting, mui.

schoolhouse, ai, uxts, yul.

schooner, ci(l), tu.
scissors, kits.

scrape, to; kam.
scratch, to; kam, tstm.
scream, to; ko-i, yok.
screech, to; woc.

175

176 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

screech owl, tem, woc.
sea, kakau’, tul.

seal, to; pon, tsipal, yak, yul.
search, to; ini.

season, ne.

seat, a; ke.

second, tsik.

see!, ki’ka.

see, to; hu.

seed, ots, co.

seize, to; kon, yal.

self, hat-, nuk.

sell, to; yik.

send, to; o-i, ti, wahi, wac.
send for, to; iii.
sensible, uxts.

Serpent Bayou, otse, ta-i.
set, to; kohits (the sun), ots (a hen).
settle, to; ke, nul.
settlings, kitsa’-u.

seven, pax.

seven hundred, pax.
seventeen, hal, pax.
seventy, hi’yen, pax, pon.
severe, hue’.

sew, to; ci(l).

sewing machine, ci(l).
shade, ack.

shade, to; ack.

shadow, ack.

shake, to; tsa-i.

shallow, nal.

shape, to; itol.

shaped, nak.

shark, kam, nok.

sharp, ox.

sharpen, to; ki‘ni.
shave, to; lac.

shawl, ok, yul.

she, ha.

sheath, ka-u.

sheep, an, pon.

sheep tick, com, tsi’latsk.
» shell, iwa’l, tal, uk.
sheriff, afi, ko", lak, ca, ya-u.
shield, parts.

shin bone, tsi, tuts.
shine, to; lam, tol, yil.
shingle, nec, pal.
shining, lam.

ship, niltaks.

shirt, ka-u, ok.

shirt collar, inte’, ok.
shiver, to (break); tsa/(l).

shoe, na-u.
shoemaker, a; ka.
shoot, to; pem, pots.
shop, an, yik.

short, mok.

should, kai.
shoulder, nok, te-u.
shove, to; ko(l), ko®, col, tsafi(c).
shovel, ne, tam.
shrimp, tsam, tuka’-u.
shucks, wac.

shut, to; pan.

sick, hé, ctiu.
sickness, hé.

side, ind, ki’cnak.
side (of body), iautall.
side, on one; inahi, nim.
sieve, hil, hip, wol.
sift, to; hil.

silk, tot.

silver, kop, lak.

since, kaki, tsika’t.
sinew, nal.

sing, to; yok.

sink, to; kohits.
sister, elder; wét.
sister (of man), kicét, pén.
sister (younger), hile’t.
sister-in-law, ntsét.
sit, to; ke, to.

six, lat, tsik, talst.
sixfold, lat, cém, tsik.
sixteen, hal, talst.
sixty, hi’yen, lat, pon, tsik, talst.
skiff, tu.

skin, tal, til.

skin, to; lac.

skip, to; pux.

skunk, ciki’tic, tsinniu.
sky, it?ha’ns, lak.
slander, to; hatse-e’c, ko-i, wan.
slanting, talanka’-u.
slap, to; pak.

slave, a; ke, ki’wile.
sleek, kats.

sleep, to; oi.

sleet, ha-u, capa’ts.
sleeve, ok.

slender, pax.

slim, pax.

slipper, na-u.

slope, tlot.

sloping, talanka’-u.
slowly, ti’uxts.

{[BULL. 108

ages | DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

SWANTON

small, hitso’n, icol, cka, cm.

Small Lake, yu'k’hiti.
smalipox, mak.

smart, tol, uxts.
smart, to; hé, lam, wai.
smell, to; hima’, muf..
smell badly, to; ic.
smilax, tla’kict.
smoke, a; po’, Ci.
smoke, to; po’.

smoke (tobacco), to; tluk.
smokehouse, aii, po’.
smooth, kats.

snake, natkoi, otse’.
snake, a species of; on.
snake, garter; yul.
sneeze, to; uts.

snow, ha-u, Alc.

snow, to; ha-u.
snowfall, ha-u.

so, nak, uc.

soak, to; ak, li.

soap, én.

sock, kop, na-u.

soft, li, tot.

soften, to; li.

soldier, wan.

sole (of foot), hika’t.
sole (of shoe), hui, na-u.
somebody, ¢a.

some one, ca.
somersault, a; pats, pux.
something, -na.
sometimes, to’ unta’fm.
son, i-6l, cka, yuts.
son-in-law, wi.

song, yok.

soon, Ol.

sorcerer, yon.

sore, mil.

sort of, nak.

soul, co.

soul (of the dead), pix.
sound, to; kan, nak, con.
soup, hiki’.

sour, a fipats.

source, ak, hdp, 6.
south, aki, pa’-i.

sow, hi’yen.

sow, to; pam.

spade, ne, tam.
Spaniard, Tsa’yon.
speak, to; ko-i, wan.
spear, tsa, yapii’x.

speckled, ték.
spectacles, hu, wal.
speech, ko-i, yul.
spider, lam, tamhe’-uc.

spider web, hil, tamhe’-uc.

spill, to; tlom.
spine, tsi.

spinster, yuts.
spirits (of the dead), pix.
spit, to; kitu’c.
spittle, kitu’c.

split, to; pal, tam.
spool, ok, com, tokc.
spoon, no.

spot, yul.

spotted, tsdp.

spring (of water), ak, hop, 6.
spring (of year), ilu’, tempst, tut.

spur, ki’cnak, tlop.
spyglass, hu, pel.

square, kits, maf, tolc, yul.

squat, to; ke, yots.
squeal, to; wil.
squeeze, to; pats, tsan(c).

177

squirrel, hop, paktsa‘kc, tkigpiim.

squirrel, flying; khilkau.

squirrel, ground; tkigpiim.

stab, to; man.
stable, afi, tsanu’k.
stairs, pak, tam.
stamp, to; itsal.

stand, to; illitt, tsot, ta, to.

stand out, to; kam.
standing, tlo.

star, ic, ka’khau, hitso’n.
starling, tsumthimaan.
start, to; ka, ti.

stay, to; ke, to.

steal, to; tsin.

steam, wa-uc, won.
steamboat, po’, tu.
step, pak.

step, to; pak.
stepfather, (hi)te’t, pél.
stepmother, huké’t, pél.
steps, tam.

stick, nec, tso’m.

stick into, to; tlop.
sticky, luc, tsipal.

stiff, lak.

still, elaf, ti’uxts.

still (yet), ik’hu’ntan.

sting, to; i-of, ca", tsa (snake).

stingy, ci-i.

178 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

stink, to; ic.

stir, to; iwan.
stocking, kop, na-u.
stomach, ko®p.

stone, wai.

stop, to; hajfic, pe.
stop (a hole), to; tsak.
stopper, ka-u.

store, afi, yik.

storm (of wind), a; hi.
stout, kome.

straight, ta-i.

strain, to; lak.
strangers, ca, taic.
strap, kaihi, til, yam.
straw, tsak.
strawberry, kif, li.
stream, akon(st).
street, nin, wan.
stretch, to; kon, maf.
strike, to; pak, pam.
strike, to (as lightning); kon, mak.
string, 0.

string of beads, takine’n.
stripe, yul.

striped, mai, wak, yul.

strong, hiwe’-u, kome, lak, maghasu.

strong (liquids), hé.

stuff, to; ko(l), kui.
stump, kits, nec.

stupid, co’ yuan.

suck, to; ta, tots.

suck out, to; ta.

suction, tots.

sugar, ne, Ol’, cick.
sugarcane, ne, Ol’, cick, tu.
sugar mill, li, ne, dl’, cick, tu.
sugar press, li ne, 61’, cick, tu.
summer, ilu’.

sun, ic, ka’kha-u, lak, nagg.
sunbonnet, icat.

Sunday, hiwe’-u, yil.
sundown, kohits.
sunflower, lak, téxlk.
sunrise, iye’, ka’ khau.
sunset, kohits.
suspenders, kaihi.
swallow, to; kil.

swamp, ai, txit, tu.

swan, woc.

swap, to; make.

swear; to; he-u.

sweat, ats.

sweat-house, ais.

sweat, to; ats.

sweep, to; cil(c).

sweet, Ol’, cick.
sweetening, ne, cick, 6l’.
swell, to; pe-u.

swiftly, ti-u.

swim, to; lul, mak.
swing, a; pa-u.

swing, to; pa-u.
swollen, com.

table, itol.

tail, hal, te-u.

tail (of fish), kam, nok.
tailor, a; kits.

take, to; icul, ko”, yal.
take away, to; kcki.
take (medicine), to; im.
talk, to; ko-i.

talker, ko-i.

tall, mets.

tallow, éf.

tar, én, nec.

tar, to; mui, col.
tarantula, lam, tamhe’-uc.
team, pom, cokd’fi.
tear, to; ko", tlém.
teat, nik.

tell, to; wan.

ten, heissign, wGc.
tender, li.

tendon, nal.

terrapin, Ot.

testicles, kams.

Texas, ne, Tsa’ yon.
than, it, ot.

thankful, hiwe’-u.
that, kut, ma, nak, ya.
that which, ka.

thee, n.

their, ha.

theirs, ha, ke.

them, ha, ca.
themselves, ha.

then, -thé, ka-i.

there, ya.

therefore, nak, to’hinak.
they, ha, he-u, -ul.= @ @
thick, héts, kome, tsam, uici-
thief, a; ca, tsain.

thigh, mal.

thimble, ka-u, woc.
thin, pax.

thing, cok.

think, to; nai, wif.

Siena
SWANTON

third, lat.

thirsty, kakau’, ka-u, pix.

thirteen, hal, lat, woc.

thirty, heissign, lat, woc.

this, a, kut, nak, ya.

thorn, nit.

thorny, ox.

thou, n.

though, kco.

thought, nai.

thousand (and compounds), hi’yen,
iolic, pon, tsako’p.

thread, o, ok, com.

thread, to; o.

three, lat.

threefold, lat, pon, cém.

thrice, lat.

throat, inte’, ko-i, nal.

throw, to; pak, pam.

throw up, to; tan.

thumb, woc.

thunder, ka", kap, lofi, makhasu, ne.

thunder, to; kon, loi.

thus, nak.

thyself, n.

tick, nif, tsil.

tick, sheep; tsi’ latsk.

tick, wood; tsi‘latsk.

tickle, to; tsikilik.

tide, kakau’.

tie, to; hikon, ydém.

tiger, intok.

tiger cat, tek.

till, tik.

time, at the same; itol.

times (with numerals), cém.

tired, hilak, pét.

to, ot.

toad, a’kitoc.

tobacco, tsit.

tobacco pipe, tsit, tluk.

to-day, yil.

toe, hika‘t, tippell.

toenail, hika’‘t, tsdx.

together, hok-, cém, tsam, tiwé.

to-morrow, yil.

tongue, nél.

to-night, iti’.

too, pa-i.

tooth, ots.

toothache, hé, ois.

top, itse’.

top of, ots.

toward, ot.

DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

179

towel, it, tsak, w6c.

town, nin, uc.

track, pak.

trade, to; yik.

tramp, to; pak.

travel, to; ti, wan.

traveler, wai.

tree, kak, nec.

tremble, to; tsa-i.

triangular, lat uts.

trot, to; tsat.

trousers, ke.

trout, katpa’k.

true, uc.

trunk, teyo’.

truth, uc.

tub, na-u.

tube, hop, maf, te.

tumbler, cixt.

turbid, tloke.

turkey, ai, anian, noha’me, skillig.

turkey buzzard, hi‘lai.

turkey, water; ak, ts’ok.

turn, to; hat-, lum, mic, pa-i.

turn into, to; ko.

turnip, ick’’m, wac, wil.

turtle, kone’, naxts.

tweezers, tsim.

twelve, hal, ha’ppalst, tsik, wc.

twenty (and compounds), hal, heissign,
tsik, woc.

twice, pon, tsik.

twig, nec, teka’-uc.

twins, i-dl, tsik.

twist, to; pic.

| two, ha’ppalst, tsik.

twofold, tsik.

ugly, ikau, ka’tse.

ulcer, uk.

umbrella, ack.

uncle (either side), waxc.
uncooked, il.

under, hui, né.
underbrush, kome.
undershirt, hui, ok.
undulating, kol, yul.
uneasy, to ba; anian, icuhe.
unfold, to; tel.

United States, m5dn, ne.
unlike, nak.

unripe, 4k, ne.

until, tik.

unwell, tol.

up, its-, dts, te-u.

180 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

upper, ots, te-u.
upset, to; tlom.
upstream, ot, te-u.

up to, tik.

us, ic-, yu.

used, to be; lik.

valise, teyo’.

veil, to; uts.

vein, afi, poc.

venison, 4l, lins.
venom, otse’, te-i.
vermilion, kuts, lak, ’n’ox.
vertically, maf, né.
vertigo, itse’, iwan.
very, hiwe’-u, kiic, nak.
vessel, niltaks.

vest, mok, ok.

vibrate, to; iwan.

view, to; hu.

village, niin, uc.

vine, tsapalst, te-i.
vine, a poisonous; tsat.
vinegar, a ipats, kakau’.
violet color, to, uc.
violet, to color; uc.
violin, nak.

visit, to; hu, non, 6.
vomit, to; tan.
wagon, nec, pal.
waistcoat, mok, ok.
wait for, to; ya-u.
wake, to; its.

walk, to; non, wai.
walk fast, to; tsat.
wall, wal.

walnut, black; ots, tsa(1).
walnut, white; yegg.
want, to; ko.

want, not to; ofc.
war, wan.

war chief, wan.
warehouse, yik.
warm, ilu’.

warrior, wai.
warpath, wan.

wash, to; pats, tsak.
wasp, i-on, min.
watch, a; iwef, ka’ khau.

watch, to; hu, ini, tol, ya-u.

watch cover, iwef.
water, ak, kakau’.
water, salt; hé.

water moccasin, otse’.

water turkey, ts’ok.
wave, wal.

wave, to; wal.

wavy, ko], tuka’-u, wal, yul.
wax, 60, ok.

way, wan.

we, ic-, -lo, -tsél, wi, yu.
weak, min.

weapon, nats.

weary, hilak.

weave, to; ok.

wedge, nec, tam.

week, a; yil.

weep, to; hai, yo-u.
weevil, tso’-ots, ya.
well, tol.

well (adv.), nak.

well, a; hop, kakau’.
west, hiki’.

wet, ak, li.

wet, to; ak, li, yack.
wheat, wak.

wheel, lum, nec, pal.
when, -n.

where, kahiya’, itha’fi, ma.
wherefore?, cok.

whet, to; ki’ni.
whetstone, ki’ni, kits, ce.
whether, n.

which, hatna’, ka.
while, a, eikun.

whip, a; pats.

whip, to; pats.

whirl, to; no, pa-u, wol.
whirlwind, hi, no.
whisky, kitsa’k.
whistle, a; woc.
whistle, to; woc, yok.
white, kop.

whiten, to; kop.

white of egg, kop, ku.
white people, ka-u, ki’ wile.
whittle, to; kuts.

who, ca, ci’ne-u.

whole, man, mon.
whooping-cough, i-of, ko-i.
why?, cok.

wicked, ydl.

wide, uici.

widow, hipa’, kic.
widower, hila’-i.

wife, hila’-i, kic, nikiil.
wild, anian.

[BULL, 108

Seton DICTIONARY OF THE ATAKAPA LANGUAGE

wildcat, netswopst, nia’l, cake, tek,
wii lkol.

will-o’-the-wisp, kic, yuts.

wind, hi, iit, kai, pats.

windstorm, hi.

wind up, to; toke.

window, a; kat, mok, pan.

window glass, hu.

windpipe, kimi‘fi.

wine, kakau’, kuts.

wing, hika’t, ka-u, nok.

winnower, yaxts.

winter, a’kmalc, allstcumat

wipe, to; tsak.

wise, lekke’.

wish, to; ko.

witch, kic, yon.

with, 6], -p, tiwé, wé.

without, ha.

wizard, yon.

wolf, came, yAlic.

woman, kic, nikiil.

wood, kak, nec.

wood (forest), kak.

wooden, nec.

wood tick, tsi’latsk.

wool, na-u’.

word, ko-i, yul.

work, to; ka.

world, the; it’ha’ns, ne.
worm, nats.

worn out, lik.
wound, to; caki.
wrap, to; toke, yints.
wrathful, i-u(c).
wriggle, to; iwan.
wrist, mak, wdc.
write, to; yul.
writing, a; yul.
yard, kak, tim.

ye, n.

ye! (imperative), -to.
year, ilu’.

yeast, a fpats, wak.
yellow, kop, tat.
yellow fever, la-u, tat.
yes, ha.

yesterday, kut, tem.
yet, ik’hu’ntan, tan.
yolk, ku, tat.
yonder, nak, ya.
you, n, -tém.

young, hitso’n, ic6’l, cec, com.

youngest, hitso’n.
your, n.

yours, ke.

yourself, n.

youth, a; kun, yuts.

O

181

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