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BULLETBN
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, III.
February, 1936
No. 85
ENDOWED NURSES CARE FOR NEEDY PATIENTS
Service Given Saves Lives and Eases
Sufferings of Those Who
Are Seriously 111
How much is it worth to have saved
the life of a mother so that she has
been able to bring up her family of
six children to worthy adulthood ?
Who can estimate the worth of giv-
ing a child the power of speech instead
of permitting him to grow up dumb
and probably become a mentally de-
ficient burden on the community ?
Was it not vastly worth while to
save the life of a brilliant 17-year-old
youth, stricken with pneumonia and
having little bodily defense because of
undernourishment over a long period
of unemployment and relief rations?
Certainly none will question the tre-
mendous worth whileness of providing
special nursing care required by pa-
tients such as these and hundreds of
others who have had this care because
the gifts of generous friends have
placed on the nursing staff of the Pres-
byterian Hospital four endowed nurses
and two nurses maintained by contri-
butions made from year to year.
Care for 1,221 Patients
During 1935 these six nurses gave a
total of 1,540 days or nights to 1,221
different patients. Most of the patients
receiving this free nursing care were in
wards, the principal exceptions being
those whose critical condition required
their being placed in an emergency pri-
vate room temporarily. In every in-
stance the care given was imperative
because of the patient's condition and
was continued until that condition was
sufficiently improved to warrant a re-
turn to the general nursing care avail-
able to all patients without extra
charge.
The First Endowed Nurse
Some years ago a young woman who
was a patient in the private pavilion of
the Presbyterian Hospital appreciated
ENDOWED AND MAINTAINED NURSES
lella Pearson Molloy Nurse, Ernest A. Hamill Nurse, Helen North Nur
-Ola.lys Foster Nurse, T. Kenneth Boyd Nurse, extra Molloy Fund Nur
>ft to right— -Li
', left to right-
SO greatly the care given her during a
serious illness, by a private nurse, that
following her recovery she took steps
that would insure such care for many
future hospital patients who might
themselves lack funds for this purpose.
Thus it was that funds for the first
endowed nurse were given to the Pres-
byterian Hospital by Miss Helen North.
The graduate nurse who had cared for
the donor was appointed as the Helen
North nurse and began her duties on
March 11, 1917, continuing in this ca-
pacity up to the present. During these
19 years Miss Anne Hettinger, the first
endowed nurse, has cared for hundreds
of seriously ill patients who were un-
able to pay for special nursing.
The Gladys Foster Nurse
Gladys Foster was one of the few
student nurses at the Presbyterian Hos-
pital who died during the 1918 influ-
enza epidemic. Her associates in the
Nursing School and hospital started a
(Continued on page 3)
TEN SETS OF TWINS!
Ten sets of twins were among the
7X7 babies born during 1935 on the
maternity floor of the Presbyterian
Hospital".
SENATOR IN HOSPITAL
United States Senator Pat McCar-
ran of Nevada was a patient in the
Presbyterian Hospital from December
16 to January 10, following which he
went to Washington to assume his du-
ties at the present session of Congress.
DOLLHOUSE NETS £563.59
The Presbyterian Hospital's share
of the receipts from the Chicago exhibit
of llu- ( olkvn Abu, re I )ollbouse at the
Fair Store during December amounted
to $563.59, which has been applied to
the free nurse fund.
HOSPITAL SERVICES INCREASE IN 1935
More Patients Admitted and More
Free Care Given than in 1934;
New Equipment Added
Members of the Presbyterian Hos-
pital Society who braved sub-zero
weather to attend the 53rd annual meet-
ing of the society on January 23,
learned from reports submitted that the
institution had increased considerably
the scope of its service to the sick dur-
ing the year 1935. The report of the
superintendent, Mr. Asa S. Bacon,
showed that 10,921 patients were cared
for in hospital beds and a like number
in examining and treatment rooms. The
1934 figure was 10,567. Every state in
the Union and 48 nationalities were
represented. More patients received
free care in 1935, the total being 2,721.
Of this number 1,204 were children
cared for in free beds provided by
donations from Sunday schools, tag day
receipts and endowment. Eight Sun-
shine endowed beds were occupied con-
stantly during the year.
The cost of free hospital care and
other free services given to those un-
able to pay this cost amounted to
$179,249.76. This large sum does not
include the skilled services generously
given to free patients by members of
the medical and surgical staff of the
hospital, nor the services of endowed
nurses.
Broaden X-ray Services
In the X-ray department, 14,559 pa-
tients were cared for during 1935, the
largest number in the- history of the
hospital. This increase was due in part
to the opening of a new X-ray therapy
department and the installing of a
200,000 volt therapy machine for can-
cer control. Other new equipment of
service to the sick added during the
year included a new fever therapy ma-
chine and bath and fittings for hydro-
therapy. The new milk laboratory on
the children's floor was described in
detail in the January number of the
Bulletin.
Mr. Alfred T. Carton, chairman of
the Board of Managers, called attention
in his report to the manner in which the
outlay for improvements in the building
and facilities is kept at a minimum by
having much of the work dune by reg-
ular employees of the hospital. I te ex-
pressed the appreciation of the Board
of Managers to the Woman's Board
for then- invaluable service in mam
departments of the hospital, and to the
medical, nursing and business staffs
for services during the year.
Dr. E. I'".. Irons, dean of Rush Med
ical College, called attention to the
close relationship existing between
AVERAGE OF 288 NURSES
GIVE VARIED SERVICE;
58 ON SPECIAL DUTY
In her report presented at the annual
meeting of the Hospital Society, Miss
M. Helena McMillan, principal of the
School of Nursing, said that the aver-
age total enrollment for the year 1935
was 288, including 143 graduate nurses
employed by the hospital, 87 advanced
and 58 freshman students. An average
of 12 graduate and eight student nurses
cared for a total of 12,116 patients in
operating rooms as against 11,123 in
1934. Nurses in attendance in the first
floor examining rooms managed 28,860
visits of non-hospital patients of the
medical staff. Fifty-eight graduate
nurses gave 21,140 days of special duty
j to hospital patients. Graduate nurses
| sent into the homes for private duty
numbered 179.
Seventy-two new students were ad-
mitted to the school last September.
Beginning with the next class entering
in September, 1936, candidates for ad-
mission to the School of Nursing must
have at least two years of college work
beyond high school.
NURSING STAFF NEWS
Miss Dorothy Ainsworth, a member
of the graduate staff since 1929 as
head nurse, night supervisor and in-
structor, left January 16 to become
assistant superintendent of nurses at
Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury, Conn.
Miss Mary W. Wilson, supervisor
of the obstetrical department, returned
to her duties February 1, after an ab-
sence of three months, during which
time Miss Elphia Flugum, from the
office of superintendent of nurses, sub-
stituted in the obstetrical department.
Miss Elsbeth Ilennecke, chief dieti
tian of our hospital for oven ten years
recently married Mr. Joseph 1 lam
mond Stevens and left us to take can
of her own home. We are fortunati
in having Miss lieulah llunzicker t<
succeed her. Miss llunzicker was on<
ol our dietitians and an instructor ii
cookery and dietetics at the School o
Nursing for several years, and she ha:
returned to us from the University o
Michigan Hospital. Miss I lunzickei
holds her U.S. and M.A. degrees fron
the University of Wisconsin, and sh<
look her dietetics internship al the km
versitv of Michigan.
ACTIVITY OF WOMAN'S
BOARD AIDS HOSPITAL
IN MINISTRY TO SICK
. / ssi ttan
rding Secretary — Mrs. Earle B.
Corresponding Secretary — Miss Lucibel Dunham.
Treasurer— Mrs. Edward L. Beatie.
Assistant Treasurer — Mrs. Gordon B. Wheeler.
Advisory Council- -Mrs. Perkins B. liass, Mrs. C.
Frederick Childs, Mrs. Albert B. Dick. Mrs. Henry
C. Hackney, Mrs. Frederick T. Haskell, Mrs. Alva
A. Knight, Mrs. 1.. Hamilton McCormick, Mrs. J.
P. Mentzer and Mrs. George R. Nichols.
illc
I'm" l-'.M'irim;. December 31 , 1936— Mrs. Perkins
11. Bass, Jr., Mrs. Kingman Douglass, Mrs. Tames
B. Herrick, Mrs. Alva A. Knight, Mrs. Hen F. Mc-
("utcbeon, Mrs. Jacob Mortenson and Mrs. William
Ii. Neal.
Term Expiring, December 31, 1937— Mrs. Frank
R. Elliott, Mrs. I.. ('. Gatewood, Mrs. Wilber E.
Post, Mrs. .1 II. ill Taylor, Mrs. Robert E. Ross and
1938— Mrs. Peter
Mrs. It. M. I.innell.
ab B. Simpson and
kus
Medical
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Chicago, th
d Central Fi
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College i
hools Of
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ted at th
•Inch
page
ilding over are listed on another
f this BULLETIN. Lunch pre-
pared by the chef was served in the
chapel under the direction of the
matron.
Reports of varied activities during
the last year were presented at the an-
nual meeting of the Woman's Board
held in the hospital chapel, January 5,
1936. The treasurer, Mrs. Edward L.
Beatie, reported total receipts of $16,-
010.43 for 1935. Of this sum $8,225.59
was collected by women in the different i
churches. Disbursements were $14,- I
585.33.
Among the special achievements of
the year was the completion of the
$25,000 endowment fund, the income
from which is to provide linen for the
hospital from year to year. Funds
for the support of the Social Service
department, the pre-natal nurse, the
hospital library, and free beds in the
children's wards are provided by the
Woman's Board, which also makes
donations to the Occupational Therapv
department, ward nurse endowment
fund and aids the hospital in many
other ways.
Officers Are Elected
Mrs. David Wilson Graham, who
has been identified with hospital inter-
ests since it was established, continues
as honorary president. Mrs. Frederick
T. Haskell, efficient president for the
last two years, continues on the ad-
visory council. Mrs. Clyde E. Shorey
of Oak Park is the new president.
Other officers elected are :
Vice Presidents— Mrs. Ernest E. Irons. Mrs. Lin-
coln M. Coy, Mrs. Charles S. Reed and Mrs. William
R. Tucker.
(Continued from page 1)
fund with the goal of endowing a nurse
in her memory. The project was en-
couraged by the late Mr. Albert M.
Day, then chairman of Board of Man-
agers, and by other members of the
board. The Woman's Board became
interested and Miss Mary Reed gave
$10,000 toward the endowment, while
smaller donations were made by many
others. The Gladys Foster nurse has
been on duty since January 7, 1921,
although the endowment is not yet en-
tirely completed. Miss Naomi White
is the present Gladys Foster nurse.
In Memory of E. A. Hamill
The Hamill family has been active
in the interests of the hospital since its
beginning. Following the death of Mr.
Ernest A. Hamill, his widow estab-
lished the Ernest A. Hamill Endowed
Nurse fund on March 15, 1930. Miss
Orizaba Fry is the nurse supported by
this fund.
The Luella Pearson Molloy fund was
established September 1, 1933. Miss
Margaret Learned is the Molloy fund
nurse.
Mrs. Molloy was in the hospital sev-
eral times as a patient and so appre-
ciated the nursing care given her that
she expressed the wish that all seriously
ill patients might have similar care.
She gave an endowment which pays
the salary of one nurse and nearly all
the salary of another.
Since December 11, 1933, an an-
nual contribution sufficient to maintain
a nurse has come to the hospital from
Mr. T. Kenneth Boyd. Extra income
from the Molloy fund and from other
friends has made it possible to main-
tain another nurse since January 2,
1934. Miss Isla Knight is the Boyd
fund nurse. Miss Margaret Evjen is
serving as the extra Molloy fund nurse
at the present time.
Eleven Years Afterward
It is when the service given to a hos-
pital patient can be viewed in retrospect
after a period of years that one is best
able to evaluate what this service has
meant to the individual, the family
group and the community. Mrs. D.
entered the Presbyterian Hospital as a
patient in 1925. She was a beautiful
woman in the late thirties and mother
of six children, the oldest 17 and the
youngest five years old. Examination
revealed a condition that would have
been regarded as hopeless a few years
ago. Following a complicated opera-
tion, Mrs. D. required constant nurs-
ing care for a number of consecutive
days and nights but her family was
unable to pay for the services of a
special nurse. An endowed nurse was
assigned to care for Mrs. D. as long
as her condition demanded constant
ENDOWMENT OF #35,000
SUPPORTS FREE NURSE
A donation of $35,000 en-
dows a graduate nurse in per-
petuity to care for seriously
ill patients who are unable to
pay for the special nursing
their condition requires.
A donation of $1,500 main-
tains a graduate nurse for one
year to care for needy patients.
Donations in any amount
may be made toward the
Gladys Foster nurse endow-
ment fund or toward the sup-
port of a maintained nurse.
The service which the Pres-
byterian Hospital gives through
its endowed and maintained
nurses could be greatly in-
creased if more funds were
made available for this pur-
pose.
care. She made a satisfactory recovery
and, during the years that have elapsed
since, has been physically able to look
after her home and give her children
the care that only a conscientious
mother can give. Her youngest child
is now sixteen years old. An older
daughter is married and recently gave
birth to a child in the Presbyterian Hos-
pital. All of the children are a credit
to their mother and worthy citizens of
Chicago.
Bobby Can Talk Now
Little Bobby was 27 months old but
he had never talked. He seemed to
understand everything that was said
to him and had every appearance of
being an exceptionally bright child.
His inability to speak and a noticeable
tendency to drag one arm and leg were
the reasons that led his parents to bring
him to the Presbyterian Hospital.
X-ray and clinical diagnosis traced the
difficulty to the speech center in the
brain. A staff surgeon operated and
Bobby came through the operation
satisfactorily but his condition de-
manded constant nursing care. En-
dowed nurses gave the needed care for
several days and nights. Bobby has
recovered and is talking! He now is
an active, happy, normal boy.
When Pneumonia Strikes
When pneumonia strikes it takes
every weapon of a healthy body to with-
stand the attack. Richard I... a bril-
liant youth of 17 years, lacked these
weapons because neither he nor his
father had work and such relief rations
as had been obtained were insufficient
to provide proper nourishment. I le was
brought to the Presbyterian Hospital
so seriously ill of pneumonia that an
oxygen tent was his only hope. When
a patient is placed in an oxygen tent,
a graduate nurse must watch both the
patient and the oxygen tent apparatus
constantly. Endowed nurses on duty
day and night helped to win the battle
for Richard's life during the seven days
that he was kept in an oxygen tent,
and at intervals during succeeding days.
At the end of the second week Richard
was out of danger and in due time
made a complete recovery.
Saving a Young Mother
Mrs. K. was a pretty Irish girl of
twenty years, but instead of being
carefree she was the mother of a
four-year-old girl and was expecting
another child soon, when she was
referred to the Presbyterian Hospital.
Her husband had deserted her and his
whereabouts were unknown. When
she entered the hospital she was in a
serious physical condition which neces-
sitated complete rest in bed. After ten
weeks in the hospital she gave birth to
a baby boy. Twelve days later, Mrs. K.
was discharged from the hospital. Dur-
ing her three-months' stay she had the
care of endowed nurses at different
times when her condition was critical.
After her recovery she was aided by
the Cook County Bureau of Public
Welfare and was reunited with her
little daughter. Her condition has con-
tinued to improve and with care she
may hope to live an almost normal life.
This will mean that her own children
will not be orphaned as was Mrs. K.
at the tender age of six years, and prob-
ably will escape the long train of ill-
nesses and misfortunes which have
made their mother's life a constant
struggle.
When Family Funds Give Out
Mrs. J. is a woman in the early six-
ties, with every indication of living
comfortably for the remainder of the
so-called allotted span of three score
and ten years and perhaps longer. These
added years are in prospect not only
because of the marvelous achievements
of modern surgery, lint also because en-
dowed nurses were assigned to care for
her when family resources had been
exhausted after a considerable sum had
been paid for special nursing and a pri-
vate room which her serious condition
made imperative. iVIrs. J. had two seri-
ous operations, after which she required
constant and skilled nursing care. After
four weeks she was suflicientK im
proved to go into a ward and receive
general nursing care. At the end of
ten weeks she returned to her family,
the members of which as well as Mrs.
J. herself will never forget what it
meant to have endowed nurses avail-
able in their time of need.
Central Free 'Dispensary Completes 68th Year
With 1935 Record of 228,089 Patient Visits.
Completing its 68th year of service
to those who are able to pay little or
nothing for medical care, the Central
Free Dispensary has a record of 228,-
089 patient visits for the year 1935.
Affiliated with both Rush Medical Col-
lege and the Presbyterian Hospital, the
dispensary completes a triumvirate of
institutions offering a well-rounded
ministry to the sick and affording val-
uable contributions to the advancement
of medical science.
With a medical staff composed of
180 doctors who are members of Rush
Medical College faculty, Central Free
Dispensary is able to give to its pa-
tients an inclusive service in the field
of diagnosis and out-patient medical
treatment. Through affiliation with the
Presbyterian Hospital free beds are
available for dispensary patients in need
of hospital care to the full extent of
the hospital's ability to furnish such
beds.
Central Free Dispensary is housed in
the Rush Medical College building at
1748 West Harrison street. Dr. George
W. DuVall is the superintendent. The
nursing staff consists of Miss Ada
Ouinnel, head nurse ; four graduate
nurses and student nurses from the
Presbyterian Hospital School of Nurs-
ing. Miss Dorothy Cornwell is director
of the Social Service department and
has a staff of ten case workers. Com-
plete laboratory facilities of Rush
Medical College are utilized for diag-
nostic purposes.
FRACTURE SPECIALISTS OF
NOTE ARE GUESTS AT CLINIC
Members of the Central Fracture
Committee of the American College of
Surgeons were guests at a clinic and
luncheon in the Presbyterian Hospital,
January 17. The clinic was arranged
by Dr. Kellogg Speed, and was a fea-
ture of the annual meeting of the com-
mittee, held in Chicago, January 17 and
18. Guests included Dr. Frederic W.
Bancroft of New York City, chairman
of the committee; Dr. Bowman C.
Crowell of Chicago, secretary ; Dr.
Frederic J. Cotton and Dr. Charles I..
Scudder of Boston, and Dr. William
Darrach of New York City, authors of
well known professional hooks; Dr.
George E. Wilson of Toronto; Dr.
Frederick J. Tees of Montreal, and
other outstanding fracture specialists
from Memphis, New Orleans, Birming-
ham, Boston, Kansas City, Pittsburgh,
Philadelphia, New York, Rochester,
Minneapolis, Portland, and Chicago.
The annual meeting was held Janu-
ary 28, in the offices of Dr. Arthur
Dean Bevan. Officers elected for 1936
are :
President— Dr. Robert H. Herbst.
Vice President — Dr. Oliver S.
Ormsby.
Second Vice President — Mrs. Ger-
trude Howe Britton.
Treasurer — Henry W. Austin.
Secretary — James H. Harper.
Of the 228,089 patient visits in 1935,
176,851 or 80.1 per cent were those of
patients unable to pay the nominal fees
asked by the dispensary. Only 32.9
per cent of the income from all sources
came from patients, and only about 50
per cent of the cost of caring for pa-
tients referred by Illinois Emergency
Relief Commission stations was cov-
ered by receipts from the Commission.
Anticipating a further decrease in in-
come as the result of impending
changes in the administration of relief
in Illinois, the board of directors made
plans at the annual meeting to appeal
to the public for contributions in order
that the dispensary may continue to
minister to thousands of Chicago's sick
ABOUT OUR MEDICAL STAFF
Dr. Adrien Verbrugghen gave an
address at a meeting of the Irving Park
branch of the Chicago Medical Society
in Swedish Covenant Hospital, January
28 at 9 P. M. His topic was ""Treat-
ment of Middle Meningeal Hemorrhage
and Chronic Sub-Dural Hematoma."
Dr. Peter Bassoe and Dr. O. T. Roberg
led the discussion following the ad-
dress.
Dr. Kellogg Speed addressed the
South Chicago branch of the Chicago
Medical Society in South Shore Hos-
pital, Friday evening, January 28, on
the topic "Fractures of the Lower Ex-
tremity."
GYNECOLOGICAL STAFF
AND HOSPITAL HOSTS AT
CLINICS AND LUNCHEON
BLOOD TRANSFUSION FUND
IS MEMORIAL TO DR. LECOUNT
The transfusion of blood from
healthy persons to the sick has been
found to he a useful medical procedure.
However, it is costly and frequentlv
patients are unable to pay for such lift-
giving treatment. When the relatives
of the patient cannot supply the needed
blood, an outside donor must be called
upon and this donor must be paid the
usual sum for this service. A fund to
patients requiring them has been estab-
lished in memory of Dr. Edwin R. Le
( ount by Mrs. I ,e Count.
The Presbyterian Hospital and mem-
bers of its Gynecological and Obstetri-
cal staff were hosts to the monthly
clinical meeting of the Chicago Gyne-
cological Society, January 17. Clinics
both morning and afternoon were held
in Senn hall of Rush Medical College
in order to accommodate the large at-
tendance, numbering more than 80
members and guests. Several men were
present from larger towns of adjoining
states. Luncheon was served in the
chapel of the Presbyterian Hospital for
those who wished to remain for the
afternoon program.
Many expressions of satisfaction
from the visitors gratified the staff for
the work of entertaining them. The
visitors also expressed appreciation to
the hospital management for the de-
licious luncheon served.
STUDYING FOR THESIS
Miss Dorothy Fisher, class of 1930,
who is now studying for a master's de-
gree at the University of Chicago, is
spending some time in the Presbyterian
Hospital, making a study of nursing
methods from which she is to prepare
her master's thesis. Miss Fisher was
the first recipient of the fellowship pro-
vided by the Illinois League of Nurs-
ing Education for students in the
recently established Department of
Nursing of the University of Chicago.
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
OFFICERS:
ALFRED T. CARTON President
HORACE W. ARMSTRONG Vice-President
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOUGLASS Secretary
FRED S. BOOTH isst. Secretary
A.J. WILSON isst. Secretary
OTHER MANAGERS:
Arthub G. Cabli John - McKinlay
Am'.iki I!. Dick, Jr. Fred A. Poor
Johm It. Ok Msi Theodore A. Shaw
Ai in ki M. Farwki i Rev. John Timothy
James B. Forgan, Jr. Stone, D.D.
( ii mji is I!. GooDsrEED R. Douglas Stuart
Alfred E. Hamill Rorert Stevenson
Charles II. Hamill J. Hall Taylor
Edward D. McDougal, John P. Welling
Jr. Edward F. Wilson
CLERICAL MANAGERS:
Rev. Harrison- Ray Anderson, D.D.
Rev. Harold L. Bowman, D.D.
Rev. Henry S. Brown, D.D.
Rev. W. Clyde Howard, D.D.
ADMINISTRATION:
ASA S. BACON Superintendent
II F.R. MAX IIENSKI Asst. Superintendent
M. HELENA \l. \lll.l AN
Director, School of Nursiiui
Tin- Presbyterian II. isi.ii.il of the City ..f Chicago
is .hi Illinois not-for-profit corporation, organized
July 21, 1883, for tin- purpose of affording surgical
ami medical aid, and nursing, ... sick ami disabled per-
sons of everj creed, nationality, and color. Its medi-
cal stafl is appointed from the faculty of Rush Med-
ical College of the University of Chicago.
The Hoard of Managers call attention to the need
of sifts for current charitable and educational work
and of (lifts and bequests for endowment and for
the general purposes of the hospital.
The PtesiyierilS jHtospita
tke Q'ity''<3y ©kicago'
BULLETIN
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, 111.
March, 1936
No. 86
EASTER OFFERINGS EXEMPLIFY CHRIST SPIRIT
Gifts from Churches
Schools Provide Hospital
and Sunday
it;
Care for Many in Need
From the time the Presbyterian Hos-
pital of the City of Chicago was estab-
lished, 53 years ago, Easter Sunday
has been set aside by the Chicago Pres-
bytery as the day on which offerings
have been received in the churches and
Sunday schools to aid the hospital in
its work of giving medical and nursing
care to those of the sick who were
without means to pay for it. "1 was
sick and ye visited me" is the approba-
tion merited by all who have had a part
in these Easter offerings through the
years, and by those who on April 12,
1936, will respond to the annual appeal
in behalf of the charity work of the
Presbyterian Hospital.
Children Endow Cheer-up Beds
While the larger gifts from men and
women have been an indispensable fac-
tor in enabling the hospital to carry
forward its ever increasing program of
ministry to the sick poor of all ages,
eight free beds in the children's wards
are a perpetual monument to the gener-
osity of the Sunday school children,
who have given what they could to help
make sick children well again. These
gifts of pennies, nickels, dimes and
when possible larger sums have accu-
mulated through the vears to a fund
of $41,728.88 on March 1, 1936, the
income from which provides eight
Cheer-up beds. These beds were occu-
pied constantly during the year by a
total of 292 child patients.
Mrs. William A. Douglass, chair-
man of the Child's Free Bed commit-
tee, reports that 44 Sunday schools had
a part in contributing to this fund last
year. The total sum for the year was
$699.52 including a few personal gifts.
m
v.
This little girl was one of hundreds of sick children who have been cared for in Cheer-up be
endowed by Presbyterian Sunday Schoolchildren of Chicago and suburbs.
A HAVEN OF MERCY WHEN THE STORM BREAKS
Caring annually for 11,000 suffering sick and injured in its beds and a like
number in its examining rooms.
Retaining for its humblest patient the highest medical skill from its staff of
100 picked men.
Saturating every form of service with a spirit of tender solicitude.
Following needy patients home for supervision and moral stimulus.
Adjusting itself hourly to the new needs of the present day.
Serving the sick with nurses whose character, training and physical health are
objects of constant consideration.
Ministering to 2,721 sick poor last year at an expense of $179,249.76 without
cost to these needy sufferers. (This does not include the free service given by
the doctors.)
Spending last year, under the most rigid economy, consistent with highest type
of hospital service, $795,358.46.
Striving now in every way to prevent the increased cost of maintenance from
hindering the width of its benevolent work.
YOU ARE INVITED TO COOPERATE IN THIS
MINISTRY OF MERCY
WOMAN'S BOARD ENLISTS CHURCH WOMEN
Chairmen Named By 38 Churches
To Assist Hospital in Work
of Mercy During 1936
Since that day 53 years ago when a
group of women formed a Ladies Aid
Society to sew for the newly estab-
lished Presbyterian Hospital, women
of the churches have assisted its work
of mercy in numerous ways. The
Woman's Board has chairmen in 38
churches and also enlists the coopera-
tion of many other friends. Chairmen
for 1936 are announced by Mrs. Clyde
E. Shorey, president, as follows:
First Church — Mus.OscakE. Aleshire
Second — Miss Lucjbel Dunham
Third — Mrs. Wilson E. Donaldson
Fourth — Mrs. Charles S. Reed
Austin — Mrs. Clement L. Pollock
Berzvyn — Mrs. A. J. Dunham
Buena Memorial — Mrs. Henry Hep-
burn
Campbell Park— Mrs. William C
Thomas
Central — Mrs. Otto Berz
Chicago Lawn — Mrs. F. Crawford
Drexel Park — Mrs. Agnes White
Edgezvater — Mrs. George J. Schmidt
Englewood — Mrs. Cameron Ur<ju-
HART
Cranston first — Mrs. William R.
Tucker
EvanstonSecond — MtssIsabel McNai:
Fair Oaks— Mrs. B. W. Miller
Fidlerton Covenant — Mrs. James M.
Lloyd
Hebron Welsh— Mrs. O. H. Jones
Hinsdale Union — Mrs. Stanley R.
Edwards
Hyde Park ( I 'ailed Church of)— Miss
I Iarriet F. Gilchrist, Chairman ;
Mrs. John P. Mentzer, Co-chair-
man.
Kenwood Interdenominational — M rs.
Robert Mel )ougal
LaGrange — Mrs. Ethan Taylor
Lake Forest— Mrs. C. Frederick
Childs
Lake View -Mrs. Frank Penfield
Morgan Park — Mrs. William E.
S 1 1 A R I '
Normal Park— Mrs. L. F. Stafford
Northminster Mrs. Percy E. Burtt
Oak Park First — Mrs. Frank S.
Smith
Oak I 'ark Second— Mrs. Wm. II.
SVM M1CS
Ravenswood Mrs. John C. Tyndall
River Forest Mrs. Frederick R.
Baird
Riverside Mrs. Nelson W.Willard
RogersPark -Mrs.W.B.Macpiierson
Roscland Mrs. Willis B.Townsend
Trinity Mrs. II. I ,. Jones
Wheaton M rs. ( 'iiarli.s 1 1. Slocum
Wilmettc Mrs. Raymond A. Smith
General Membership Mrs. James
M \LI MAN
JELLY, OTHER DELICACIES
FOR PATIENTS GIVEN
BY C HUR CH WOMEN
Trays of ward patients are made
more attractive and appetizing with
jelly and other delicacies donated by
church women and other friends, while
cash donations are used to supply fresh
fruit for those who especially need it.
For the year 1935, the Delicacies
Committee reported: 6,095 glasses of
jelly, 37 pints of grape juice, 36 quarts
of jam, 19 quarts of fruit, 2 l / 2 gallons
of tomato juice, 2 pounds apple butter,
one. sack of apples and $248.75 for
fresh fruit. Mrs. J. P. Mentzer is
chairman and Mrs. G. G. Olmsted vice
chairman of this committee.
CHURCH WOMEN SEW 12,842
ARTICLES FOR HOSPITAL USE
Articles for hospital use sewed by
church women during 1935 totalled
12,842, including the following: 4,640
towels, 3,666 tray cloths, 798 glove
covers, 792 stand covers, 432 infants'
gowns, 420 diapers, 352 electric pad
covers, 156 hot-water bottle covers, 228
inside pillow slips, 54 aspirating bibs,
48 bedtable covers, 350 infants' sheets,
528 cart sheets, 342 laboratory towels,
48 breast binders, 48 dresser covers.
Miss Grace M. McWilliarns was chair-
man of the committee in charge of this
work.
GIVE CLOTHING FOR NEEDY
1 he Social Service Committee, Airs.
Mark Oliver, chairman, reported that
board members, church women, and
other friends of the hospital donated
during 1935 for distribution to needy
patients : 1,592 pieces of used clothing,
live complete layettes. 12 kimonas, 12
knitted bonnets and sweaters and many
other garments for infants. Four
church guilds gave 29 patchwork quilts
for infants' beds and eight blankets for
full size beds.
MISSION HOSPITAL AT
BARROW GETS SPOTLIGHT
WHEN TRAGEDY OCCURS
When the world was saddened by
the news of the tragic deaths of Will
Rogers and Wile) Post, it learned of
hospital in I '.arrow, Alaska, which
ministers to the Eskimos. All over the
nation thoughts were turned toward
Thus it is with so many of our hospi-
tals which are quietly ministering to
the sick' but rarely are in the minds of
the public until their services are
needed. It is when some tragedy oc-
munitj that the hospital conies into the
spotlight.
LITTLE SICK CHILDREN
BENEFITED BY GIFTS TO
CHILD'S FREE BED FUND
By Mary Louise Morley
(Children's Floor Supervisor)
If those whose donations have made
possible our Cheer-up beds could see
as we on the children's floor do con-
stantly how much this free hospital
care means to sick children and their
parents they would rejoice over the
blessings they have helped to scatter
among "the least of these."
We have a very bright little girl pa-
tient, three years old, who is receiving
treatment for a badly burned face and
neck. She comes from a home where
there are many children and not suf-
ficient funds to pay hospital and doctor
when illness overtakes them. She likes
being cared for in a Cheer-up bed
where she is gradually recovering. If
we did not have free beds for needy
children little Angela might not receive
this care and the nourishment her little-
body needs to keep up her strength.
An Accident Victim
Charles is another small patient who
occupies a Cheer-up bed when he comes
to the hospital for frequent treatments
which are helping him to recover from
the effects of a serious accident in the
home. The doctors treat Charles with-
out pay and we give him expert nurs-
ing and all the good food be can eat
and several glasses of rich milk daily,
so that he usually leaves the hospital
looking quite husky. He is too young
to know to whom he owes his free hos-
pital care, but some day when he is
older no doubt he will realize that he
could not have had this care but for
the kind and thoughtful children in our
Presbyterian Sunday schools.
Charles and Angela are only two of
the Z ( )2 children cared for in Cheer-up
beds last year. The story of each child
is one of illness and inability of parents
to pay for the care needed. Paraphras-
ing a familiar verse by Emily Dickin-
son, those who contribute to the child's
tree bed fund express in a tangible
manner its sentiment :
// / can stop one heart from break-
ing,
I shall not lire in vain.
If I can ease one life from aching.
Or cool one pain
Or help one suffering child
Until he's well again,
I shall not live in rain.
NAMES OF FREE PATIENTS
HELD SACRED; STORIES
RUN GAMUT OF WOE
livery one of the 2,721 men, women
and children who were cared for dur-
ing 1935 in free beds in the Presby-
terian Hospital came to us ill or hurt
and without means to pay for the care
needed. Their stories run the entire
gamut of human pain and misery, pov-
erty and misfortune, heartbreak and
despair. Superimposed against this
dark background are hundreds of
stories of health regained and in many
instances problems worked out which
had seemed impossible of solution.
Names of these patients are held
sacred as are full details of illnesses
and problems. However, a few facts
about some of these patients will illus-
trate the scope of the service given.
Initials or surnames are not those of
the patients referred to.
Keeping a Home Together
Mr. N. was a skilled workman and
provided well for his family until de-
pression years brought unemployment.
However, he still managed to provide
food and shelter by doing odd jobs of
every description. But this fine Amer-
ican family hardly knew which way to
turn when Mrs. N. became seriously ill.
At the Presbyterian Hospital medical
treatment and hospital care was pro-
vided and home problems resulting
from the mother's illness were worked
out by our Social Service department.
An agency was found that would pro-
vide a part-time housekeeper; friends
of the hospital made it possible to give
Mrs. N. a wheel chair as a Christmas
present, and she is again happily super-
vising home affairs. The five children
for whom this good home was held to-
gether range in ages from four to
eleven years.
An Ambitious Girl
The story of Miss D. goes back to
a preceding year but reveals how co-
operation between Presbyterian Hospi-
tals in America's two largest cities
helped an ambitious girl to regain
health and go forward with a worthy
career. This attractive Irish girl had
come to this country because she
sought an opportunity to develop her
talents in a certain field of artistic en-
deavor. While working as a housemaid
and attending night school in Chicago,
she became seriously ill and was ad-
mitted to our hospital. After 18 weeks'
care in one of our free beds her con-
• dition was improved but doctors ad-
vised a year's convalescence. I ler only
relatives lived in New York City and
they were willing to give Miss D. a
home but could not pay for medical
care. Our Social Service department
wrote the Presbyterian Hospital in
EASTER RAIMENT
\\\ Una W. Harsen
An Easter garment?
One there was who bought
Us shining raiment at a heavy price.
Woven it was in pain. Its warp and
zvoof
Compound of human suffering and love
divine.
Ours for I he asking
Here in this world and now,
Would we but walk in sweet humility ;
No more pay homage to the god of
greed,
But feel the weight of mankind's utter
need,
Its sense of helplessness, of blind fu-
tility.
Could -we share one small portion of
that love
Which led our Christ to bitter Calvary,
We would take heed of human misery
In those brief years that mark our
mortal span.
Then might we wear the robe be-
queathed by Him,
The garment of the brotherhood of
man.
— Christian Century.
THREE LEAP YEAR BABIES
Three babies were born on the ma-
ternity floor of the Presbyterian Hos-
pital on Leap Year day, February 29.
as follows :
Mr. and Mrs. William Osolin, 2827
North I tarlem Ave., girl at 10 :07 A.M.
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Swierenga,
1345 South 59th Ave., Cicero, boy at
11:12A.M.
Mr. and Mrs. Nils Toll, 1209 North
Maylield Ave., girl at 5:11 P.M.
New York and that hospital readily
agreed to provide medical care. Friends
of our hospital paid transportation pro-
vided at halfrate by the New York
Central. Miss D. spent a year in New
York, recovered fully and came back
to Chicago. She completed her busi-
ness course, now has a good office posi-
tion and is studying in preparation lin-
ker chosen profession.
When James, age 20, became ill of a
serious ailment, things looked dark not
only for James but also for the family
group which he and a brother had been
supporting. There was no reserve fund
to pay for hospital and medical care, so
James was admitted through the Cen-
tral Free I Hspensary as a clinic pa-
tient. Following a serious operation In-
several days and nights. After a few
weeks he was discharged from the hos-
pital. Me came back the other day to
report to the attending surgeon and
was told that he will be able to go back
to work soon. A happier person than
lames scarcely could be found.
HUMANITY IS SERVED
BY HOSPITAL THROUGH
SUPPORT OF MANY
The real story back of any institution
is that of the men and women who sup-
port, manage and do the daily work.
All success is dependent upon their
ability and devotion as individuals and
their cooperative spirit. A chapter
should be devoted to the history of the
medical and surgical staff, to the offi-
cers and managers of the hospital, to
the woman's board, the nursing school,
the support of the churches and to
those individuals who have at various
limes made such generous contribu-
tions to the institution. Nor should be
forgotten the loyalty and faithfulness
of hospital employes of all ranks and
departments.
It is to the many individuals in these
"roups, working together with but one
object, that credit is due for the ac-
complishments of our hospital.
The medical staff, composed of 100
picked men, gives careful attention to
educational work and to the research
laboratories where all scientific investi-
gation and tests are made.
The hospital has one hundred and
thirty-seven nurses in training. It is
instructing forty internes and residents
in the higher branches of medicine. It
is affiliated with Rush Medical College
ot the University of Chicago and the
Central Free Dispensary and is assist-
ing in the instruction of Rush Medical
students.
Its X-ray department and labora-
tories are in charge of full-time experts
and medical advisors.
( >ur hospital has given fifty-three
years of faithful service to the citizens
ol Chicago and vicinity, during which
time it has eared for nearly a million
patients in its beds and in its examining
and treatment rooms.
Hundreds of persons have built, are
building, the Presbyterian Hospital.
The contribution of each, whether it be
a glass ot jelly, a large sum of money
or faithful performance of daily duty,
is vitally important. When each gives
according to his ability toward realiza-
tion ol an ideal of human service, there
is created a vast wealth in intangible,
spiritual assets, values which cannot be
seen, counted or measured, but which
are really true and permanent.
From the superintendent of a home
for old people: "I cannot tell you how
grateful I am to you for taking Mr. \\ .
into the hospital. 1 le is most deserving
and greatly loved by our entire family.
Although "he is 85.' no doubt he has a
good many years ahead of him. A Miss
k. who fractured her hip at 77 re-
turned to us from your good hands and
lived eight years afterward."
Righteous Are Not Forsaken in Time of Illness;
Members of 32 Churches Given Free Hospital Care
While the Presbyterian Hospital serves sick humanity regardless of creed,
it is gratifying to note that adult patients from 32 different Presbyterian churches
received a total of 4,665 days free care in our hospital during 1935. The cost to
the hospital of providing this care was $33,914.00. Eleven ministers and mission-
aries received care in the special room endowed for this purpose by the Woman's
Board and the Board of the Northwest.
In addition to the above 382 persons were cared for in our examining and
treatment rooms.
Among the expressions of gratitude are the following taken from a few of
many letters received :
From a Presbyterian minister: "I
was in the hospital over live weeks.
I am persuaded that it was the care i
had there that saved my life. It is a
splendid institution — has few equals I
feel. I am persuaded it deserves the
fullest cooperation of the churches.
You treat ministers very generously."
From a woman church member :
"We thank you for the many services
you have made possible for us since
"last fall. We know that the efficient
surgical and medical care, excellent
hospitalization and X-ray treatments
have done me much good, and appre-
ciate your kindness."
From a man church member: "I
thank you a thousand times. I certainly
appreciate what you have done for me.
] am feeling better than 1 have for the
past 25 years."
From a church elder: "1 received
your very kind letter acknowledging
my small payment on my hospital ac-
count, wherein you state that the hospi-
tal is cancelling the balance in order to
help me out at this time. I have had
large accounts at the hospital at dif-
ferent times and have always been able
to pay same, but now conditions have
certainly been extremely difficult and
terrible. We have gone through many
hardships both financial and physical.
I cannot express to you in words the
great appreciation 1 feel toward the
Hospital for the kindness at this time
as this account has worried me a great
deal when J think of the very efficient
and kind services I received at the hos-
pital. It will certainly he a pleasure to
me when conditions improve to send
some money to the hospital to he used
lor the care of someone who cannol
afford hospital care, as I certainly
know what it means to need it at times
of suffering."
From a church deaconess: "We wish
to express oi
the arrangeri
l.'s tonsillecti
have let her
procedure th
ipp
folk
mgh
condition requi
. We thank v.
this !
side.r
necei
erral. h
immedia
ir help
kind co
mi
AMERICAN GYNECOLOGICAL
CLUB MEETING
The .American Cynecological Club,
whose members are the heads of im-
portant clinics in metropolitan areas,
met in Chicago February 20, 21 and 22,
where they were entertained by the
resident members in Chicago who also
gave clinics for them. On Friday the
club met at the Presbyterian Hospital,
where the afternoon was devoted to an
exposition ol technique as shown by
operations by the Staff members of the
department of Gynecology and Obstet-
rics, and interesting cured cases were
demonstrated.
Each year, in the month of Febru-
ary, the members go to a different city
and in this way they all are kept fresh
and alert by contacting their fellow
members and learning each other's
ideas. Next year the club will meet in
Montreal.
ABOUT OUR STAFF MEN
Professional addresses given by
medical staff members during Febru-
ary included the following:
WGN, Feb. 4, "Goiter," Dr. Harry
A. ( tbcrhelman.
Chicago Medical Society, Feb. 12.
'Transurethral Resection in Various
Types ol Bladder Neck Obstruction,"
I )r. I terman L. Kretschmer.
Stockyards Branch, Chicago Medi-
cal Society, Feb. 11. "Lantern Slide
Studies of the Eye (.rounds in the
Human Eye," Dr. Thomas I). Allen;
'Acute ( Hitis Media and Its Complica-
tions," Dr. L. T. Curry.
Wilson Avenue Y. ivl. C. A., Feb. 3,
"Fat and Thin," Dr. Willard < >wen
Thompson.
Sears-Roebuck Y. M. C. A., Feb. 17.
"Your Eyes Are Your Bread Win-
ners," Dr.' Elias Selinger.
Calumet I '.ranch, Chicago Medical
Society, Feb. 21, "Classification and
Newer Aspects of Treatment of Rheu-
matism," Dr. Wilbur E. Post.
Chicago Urblogical Society, Feb. 27;
Dr. Hugh I. I'olkev read a paper by Dr.
Robert 1 1." I lerbst.
Dr. Arthur Dean I'.evan and Mrs.
Bevan are spending the winter at Pasa-
dena, ( aliiornia.
SCHOOL OF NURSING HAS
23 GRADUATES SERVING
NOW IN MISSION FIELDS
At the present time, 25 graduates of
the Presbyterian Hospital School of
Nursing are serving as missionaries in
different parts of the world. Of timely
interest is the fact that the former
Madeline Vanden Akker, class of 1934,
is stationed in Ethiopia with her bus-
hand, Dr. John Alfred Creamer, who
is a medical missionary. Other mission
fields in which our graduates are serv-
ing include Alaska, India, China, Siam,
South America, Africa, Indian reser-
vations in the Southwest and the moun-
tains of Kentucky. The Woman's
Board of the hospital provides three
scholarships and a loan fund to assist
young women who wish to prepare for
missionary nursing service in our
School of Nursing.
PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
HOUSE STAFF CHANGES
The following house doctors finished
their terms of service February 29:
Dr. William G. Winter
Dr. Charles Pugh Brown
Dr. Francis J. Phillips (substi-
tute)
To take the places of these doctors,
the following began their service on
March 1 :
Dr. Heinz O. E. Hoffmann
Dr. Paul C. Doehring
Dr. J. John Westra (substitute)
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
OFFICERS:
ALFRED T. CARTON President'
HORACE W. ARMSTRONG r uc-f resident
CHARLES B. GOODSPEED C ice-President
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOUGLASS Secretary
FRED S. BOOTH 4sst. Secretary
A, J. WILSON Asst. Secretary
OTHER MANAGERS:
Arthur G. Cable Joiix McKinlax
Albert B. Dick, Ik. Fred A. Poor
Tohn B. Drake Lheodore A. Shaw
Albert DFarwell ^TdS" ™*
James BF organ, Jr. r Do uclas Stuart
Alfred E. Hamill Robert Stevenson
Charles H. Hamill J. Hall Taylor
Edward D. McDougal, John P. Welling
Jr. Edward F. Wilson
CLERICAL MANAGERS:
Rev. Harrison Ray Anderson, D.D.
Rev. Harold L. Bowman, D.D.
Rev. Henry S. Brown, D.D.
Rev. W. Clyde Howard, D.D.
ADMINISTRATION:
ASA S. BACON Superintendent
HERMAN HENSEJ Asst. Superintendent
m. hei.ena McMillan
Director, School of Nursing
I'Ih- Presbyterian Hospital of the City of Chicago
is all Illinois not for-profit corporation, organized
July Jl. 1883, for the purpose of affording surgical
anil medical aid. and nursing, to sick and disabled per-
sons of ever} creed, nationality, and color. Its medi-
cal staff is appointed from the faculty of Rush Med-
ical College of the University of Chicago.
The Board of Managers call attention to the need
of gifts for current charitable and educational work
and of gifts and bequests for endowment and for
the general purposes of the hospital.
|§i If ©spite
ojv tks Gity%v Gkicag©-'
BULLETIN
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, 111.
April, 1936
No. 87
ANESTHESIA IMPORTANT FACTOR IN SURGERY
Ethylene-Oxygen First Used
Presbyterian Hospital Now
Widely Accepted
By Florence Slown Hyde
The upward climb of surgery to its
present almost miraculous heights is
due in no small measure to the dis-
covery of agents for safely producing
insensibility to pain and the complete
relaxation necessary in delicate opera-
tions. Hence, anesthesia is recognized
as an important factor in the advance
of surgery and in its successful prac-
tice today.
Less than a century ago, on March
30, 1842. Dr. Crawford W. Long,
young Georgia surgeon, performed the
first surgical operation on record in
which ether was used. A little more
than four years later, on October 16,
1846, in the Massachusetts General
Hospital at Boston, the first public
demonstration of the use of ether was
staged by Dr. William T. G. Morton,
young dentist and Harvard medical
student. Dr. John Collins Warren
who performed the historic operation
said at its conclusion, "This is no
humbug." Dr. II. J. Bigelow, leading
surgeon of that day declared prophet-
ically, "I have seen something today
that will go around the world."
Other Discoveries Follow
Dr. Horace Wells of Hartford,
Conn., used nitrous oxide (laughing
gas) as an anesthetic for painless tooth
extractions in 1844 and thereafter.
In 1847, Sir J. Y. Simpson, eminent
Scottish obstetrician, announced his
successful use of chloroform as an
anesthetic during childbirth.
To Oliver Wendell Holmes belongs
the honor of having suggested that
ether be called an "anesthetic" and that
the state produced by its administra-
tion be called "anesthesia." Dr. Holmes
was at that time professor of anatomy
and physiology in Harvard Medical
School. In a letter to Dr. Morton un-
ETISTS AXJ
tlet througli w
i—i. I),-, b
dime through
Brandenburg,
ixygen are brought
ding the induction
flow. Other anes-
ry Lyons.
der date of Nov. 21, 1846, Dr.
Holmes, like Dr. Bigelow, spoke pro-
phetically when he wrote that the term
selected "will be repeated by the
tongues of every civilized race of man-
kind."
Since those historic events from 1842
to 1847, many other agents have been
discovered and used more or less suc-
cessfully to produce general anesthesia
or as local anesthetics. Taking front
rank among these is ethylene-oxygen
discovered by research scientists at the
University of Chicago and first used by
surgeons operating in the Presbyterian
Hospital.
Dr. Luckhardt's Experiments
Idle anesthetic property of ethylene
gas was discovered because florists of
Chicago sought the aid of the Univer-
sity of Chicago botanical laboratory to
find out why carnations and sweet peas
wilted so badly when brought into city
salesrooms. When Dr. Arno I!. Luck-
hardt, professor of physiology, learned
Continued on page 3
BENEFIT CARD PARTY
WILL BE GIVEN AT
SPRAGUE HOME
( )n Friday, May 8, the School of
Nursing committee of the Woman's
Board will give a card party at Sprague
Home to obtain funds to carry on the
activities sponsored by the committee
of which Mrs. Alva A. Knight is chair-
man and Airs. Edwin Al. Miller, vice-
chairman. The committee provides
needed special lectures, a musical
director and assists the nursing school
in other ways not provided for in the
school budget. The party will begin at
2 o'clock. The chorus, conducted by
Mr. Robert R. Birch, will sing at 4
o'clock. Prizes and refreshments will
be provided. Tickets are $1.00.
MARRIAGES
Dr. Richard Kennedy Gilchrist and
Miss Madeline Wenger, .March 25,1936.
Dr. Gilbert B.Greene and Miss Ruby
Finnern, April 4, VJSb.
SOCIAL SERVICE WANTS
CHILDREN'S RAINCOATS
AND MEN'S OLD SHIRTS
It's time to plan for the needs of the
children who have been patients in our
hospital and need the building up that
results from a rest in a fresh air camp
this summer. The Needlework commit-
tee is busy cutting out pajamas for
children from six to twelve years old,
because many of the children lack
these. Odds and ends of yarn are
ready to be made into sweaters for the
cool days in camp, and every child
must have a raincoat. Donations of
discarded or outgrown raincoats are re-
quested for this purpose.
One of the things that many of the
women patients from less prosperous
homes worry about while in the hos-
pital is who is going to launder the
husband's one and only shirt, so he can
look respectable when he goes to work,
if he is fortunate enough to have work.
Donations of old shirts with or with-
out collars will be welcomed by the
Social Service Department for distri-
bution in such cases.
In order to facilitate the sewing to
be done not only for children who will
be sent to camp but for distribution to
other needy children whose physical ills
are ministered to by our hospital, mem-
bers of the Children's Department and
Needlework committees are meeting at
the hospital on the third Monday of
each month to cut out garments, to be
given out at the monthly meetings of
the Woman's Board.
ALUMNAE PLAY TO AUGMENT
NAPERVILLE COTTAGE FUND
1936 SOAP WRAPPERS MUST
BE COLLECTED BY APRIL 22
During the past twenty years suffi-
cient silver to equip two dining rooms
in the hospital has been obtained by
collecting American Family soap wrap-
pers which were exchanged for silver.
These dining rooms are the ones used
by interns and doctors, special nurses
and other hospital personnel.
Mrs. Cameron Barber, 232 Ridgeland
avenue, Oak Park, chairman of the
Woman's Board committee which col-
lects soap wrappers announces that
April 22 is the final date by which time,
soap wrappers and coupons from soap
flake boxes must be sent to her for the
1936 exchange. All friends of the hos-
pital arc: urged by Mrs. Barber to co-
operate by collecting and sending in
wrappers and coupons as her commit-
tee hopes to obtain needed knives and
Spoons by this means.
HOLD LENTEN SERVICE
Dr. Herbert L. Willett was the
speaker at a special Lenten service held
by the Woman's Board at the Fort-
nightly club, Tuesday, March 31, at
1 1 :00 A. M. Dr. Willett's topic was.
"Periods of Meditation in World Re-
"The Lottery Man" is the play to be
given by our School of Nursing Alum-
nae Association, April 21 and 22 at the
Chicago Woman's Club theatre, 72
East 11th St. Proceeds will be added
to the fund which helps maintain a
nurses' cottage at the Naperville Tu-
berculosis Sanitarium. Miss Florence
Cooper has charge of the ticket sale.
Reserved seats are 75 cents and other
seats are 50 cents.
The Alumnae Association cleared
$60 at a bridge party in the Auditorium
Hotel, March 4, also given for the
benefit of the Naperville cottage fund.
ALUMNAE PERSONALS
Miss Gladys Kartske (1928) was re-
cently appointed to the staff of the Vis-
iting Nurse Association of Evanston
and will have charge of the associa-
tion's maternity work.
Miss May Bryant (PJ28) has ac-
cepted the position of superintendent
of Gastonia Orthopedic Hospital in
Gastonia, N. C, and will assume her
duties this month.
Miss Carolyn Lindquist (1934) re-
cently accepted a position as instructor
of nursing at Greenville General Hos-
pital, Greenville, S. C.
Miss Gladys Baldwin (1923) has
just accepted a position as assistant
night supervisor and chart room nurse
at Trudeau Sanitorium, Trudeau, X. V.
TRI-STATE MEETING TO
DISCUSS MANY PHASES
OF HOSPITAL SERVICES
NURSES HOLD INSTITUTE
As this issue of our Bulletin goes to
press, an interesting two-day institute
for nurses is holding sessions in differ-
ent institutions in the West Side Med-
ical Center. The institute is being spon-
sored by the private duty section of the
First District Illinois State Nurses'
association. The program included ad-
dresses by outstanding medical men
and women and pertinent demonstra-
tions by medical and nursing staff
members of the several institutions in
which sessions were held. Miss Clara
I. Bollinger, representative of private
duty and hourly nursing service for the
First District, was in direct charge of
arrangements. Miss Ethel F. Hol-
brook (1922, Presbyterian Hospital
School of Nursing) is president of the
ku-st District.
.Anion- the institute' events was a
tea at Sprague Nome for Nurses on
Thursday afternoon, April 2. ( )n the
same afternoon -roups of institute vis-
itors were shown through our new milk
laboratory on the children's floor,
where they witnessed demonstrations
of technique.
Topics of interest to those connected
with various phases of hospital admin-
istration, medical, nursing and other
hospital services will be discussed at
the Tri-State Assembly of Hospitals of
Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin to be
held at the Sherman Hotel in Chicago,
May 6, 7 and 8. On each of the three
days a general session will be held from
10:00 A. M. to 12:00 noon, while nu-
merous group conferences will be held in
the afternoons. Hospital associations
of each state will hold business sessions
following the Wednesday afternoon
group conferences.
Men and women prominent in their
respective fields will discuss at the gen-
eral sessions each morning ways by
which the hospital may be adequate in
the care of patients, adequately
financed and adequate in the special
services ottered. Miss Bertha Filing-
son, operating room supervisor in the
Presbyterian Hospital, will he one of
the speakers at the Friday morning
general session. Members of the ad-
ministrative and medical staffs of our
hospital are to take part in some of the
group conference programs.
CLINIC BECOMES OBSTETRICAL
WARD FOR "LITTLE SNOWBALL"
The outpatient obstetrical clinic at
Central Free Dispensary became an ob-
stetrical ward for a brief time on Feb-
ruary 17, when a negro patient gave
birth to a baby while visiting the clinic.
"Little Snowball" as he was immedi-
ately nicknamed weighed only four
pounds and his tiny black face shone
from the white cotton in which he was
wrapped until he and his mother could
be transferred to Cook County Hos-
pital. A layette was supplied by the
Social Service department of the Pres-
byterian Hospital. "Little Snowball"
was the first baby ever born in the
Dispensary Obstetrical Clinic which
through the cooperation of Rush Med-
ical College, provides to needy mothers
pre-natal and home delivery medical
service.
JUNIOR CLASS HAS DANCE
The Junior class of the School of
Nursing gave the annual class dance at
the West End Woman's club. Friday
evening, March 20, when 150 young
people passed a delightful evening.
Chaperons were Miss M. Helena Mc-
Millan and Dr. and Mrs. L. C. Gate-
wood.
SPRING QUARTER BEGINS
Monday. March 30, was the opening
day of the spring quarter at Rush Med-
ical College. Students enrolled for this
term number 250. Forty-one students
received four-year certificates at the
end of the winter term on March 17.
{Continued from page I)
that his colleagues in the botany de-
partment had isolated ethylene, found
in illuminating gas, as the cause of the
plant wilting, he thought that perhaps
ethylene might have anesthetic values
in the practice of surgery. Dr. Luck-
hardt's experiments on animals proved
gratifying, and next he tried out the
effects of ethylene combined with oxy-
gen on himself and other voluntary
human subjects. Following these ex-
periments Drs. Luckhardt and Carter
invited a group of surgeons and anes-
thetists to attend a demonstration of
ethylene-oxygen in the University of
Chicago on March 11, 1923.
Three days later, Dr. Arthur Dean
Bevan performed in the Presbyterian
Hospital the first surgical operations
in which patients were given ethylene-
oxygen, with Dr. Isabella C. Herb as
the administering anesthetist. On
March 16, 1923, Dr. Dean Lewis, a
member of the Presbyterian Hospital
staff (now professor of surgery at
Johns Hopkins University), was the
second surgeon to make use of ethy-
lene-oxygen, the administering anes-
thetist being Dr. Mary Lyons.
Is Widely Accepted
The results of these first administra-
tions were so gratifying to both Dr.
Bevan and Dr. Lewis that they and
other surgeons operating in the Pres-
byterian Hospital continued to call for
the new anesthetic. Soon surgeons in
other hospitals recognized the value of
ethylene. At the end of ten years a
survey revealed that anesthetists in 220
hospitals in the United States and
Canada had administered ethylene-
oxygen in more than a million opera-
tions, while many large hospitals re-
ported that 70 to 80 per cent of all
anesthesias were with ethylene.
Dr. Isabella C. Herb, chief anesthet-
ist and a member of the Presbyterian
Hospital staff for 27 years, and asso-
ciate professor of surgery (anesthetics)
in Rush Medical College of the Uni-
versity of Chicago, regards the dis-
covery and wide acceptance of ethylene
as the greatest advance step in the field
of anesthesia during her nearly forty
years work as anesthetist.
Relieves Pain of Childbirth
Not only has ethylene won its way
into favor as an anesthetic in general
surgery but also is used extensively in
obstetrics. It has been found that the
judicious administration of ethylene-
oxygen during labor relieves the pain
without retarding the natural processes
of childbirth or affecting either mother
or child in any deleterious manner.
Ethylene has proven especially effica-
cious in Cesarean section births, elimi-
nating disadvantages and dangers of
anesthetics heretofore used in these
cases.
Ethylene-oxygen also has proven of
great value in kidney and bladder op-
erations in which the patient's condition
indicated that other anesthetics would
be less efficient and more hazardous, if
not out of the question. Specialists in
pulmonary disease welcomed ethylene-
oxygen because they found it had no
deleterious effects on the lungs in cases
of tuberculosis or pneumonia.
Not Unpleasant to Inhale
Ethylene is not unpleasant to inhale
if administered slowly with a liberal
amount of oxygen during induction of
anesthesia.. It has an advantage over
nitrous oxide in that it produces greater
relaxation and because better oxygena-
tion can be maintained throughout long
and difficult operations. It is regarded
by many surgeons as superior to ether
or chloroform because there is nothing
to eliminate from the body afterward.
If only ethylene-oxygen has been used,
there is immediate return to conscious-
ness after administration ceases.
In operations requiring a more com-
plete relaxation than can he induced by
ethylene-oxygen alone, ether is admin-
istered for short periods during ethy-
lene anesthesia. Even in these cases the
return to consciousness often takes
place before the patient leaves the op-
erating room and the distressing after
effects are greatly lessened.
Prior to the discovery of the anes-
thetic uses of ethylene, nitrous oxide
gas combined with varying percentages
of oxygen was used quite generally dur-
ing the induction period of ether or
other anesthesia. In recent years ethy-
lene has replaced nitrous oxide to a con-
siderable extent. In the Preshyterian
Hospital both gases are utilized in
minor surgery and in combination with
local anesthetics in many types of ab-
dominal operations.
New Equipment Installed
In order that the use of ethylene-
oxygen might be surrounded with the
highest degree of efficiency and safety,
coincidental with the adoption of its
use in the Presbyterian Hospital, 13
years ago, extensive improvements
were made in operating room construc-
tion and administering equipment.
Recently a method has been installed
by means of which ethylene, nitrous
oxide and oxygen are brought to each
operating room from large tanks on the
hospital roof, through brass pipes and
wall outlets to which flexible rubber
hose is attached. The hose in turn is
connected to a portable gas machine
placed near the operating table, and
which the anesthetist adjusts moment
by moment to control the flow of gas
and oxygen into the induction tube to
which is attached the mask which is
placed over the patient's face. This ma-
chine also is equipped with ether appa-
ratus, thus making it possible to switch
instantly to ether administration when
desired at any time during the opera-
tive period.
Portable gas machines are used in
operating rooms that do not have wall
outlets, in the obstetrical department
and in cases where a short anesthesia
is administered at the bedside for a
painful dressing or treatment.
Fears Are Groundless
The surgeon in consultation with the
anesthetist decides prior to the opera-
tion the kind of anesthetic indicated
by the patient's general condition and
the nature of the operation to be per-
formed. Whether the patient is given
ethylene-oxygen exclusively or in con-
junction with ether or other anesthet-
ics, ethylene usually is given for induc-
tion of anesthesia. From the moment
the mask is placed over the patient's
face until the operation is completed,
the anesthetist is on the job, watching
the patient's every reaction, knowing
exactly when to give a little more oxy-
gen and ready to switch from one
anesthetic to another to facilitate the
work of the surgeon and insure a safe
anesthesia.
While patients who come to the op-
erating room are on the whole less
frightened than in former years, even
now when surgical operations are ac-
cepted more or less as a matter of
course, many people are needlessly
fearful about being given an anesthetic.
As a matter of fact, such fears are
groundless if the administering anes-
thetist is competent and is provided
with efficient equipment.
Medical Training Essential
In the Presbyterian Hospital only
graduate licensed physicians, who have
had special training in anesthetics, are
on the staff of anesthetists, and every
precaution is taken constantly to pro-
vide apparatus that is efficient and up-
to-date. Interns receive clinical instruc-
tion hut are not permitted to adminis-
ter anesthetics until fully qualified
through experience gained under close
supervision. General anesthesias ad-
ministered in the Presbyterian Hospital
in 1935 numbered 2,983.
Children often are needlessly fright-
ened before coming to the hospital for
operations requiring anesthesia. Anes-
thetists and surgeons advise parents not
to misrepresent to a child what is going
to happen at the hospital. Of course, it
isn't necessary to go into all the details
but it is better to prepare the child by
telling him that he is going to be put
to sleep, so that Dr. So-and-So can do
something for him that needs to be
done, without hurting him. Then take
a casual attitude and avoid discussing
the impending operation with him or
in his presence. Children who are pre-
pared in this way usually come to the
operating room with little fear ami re-
gard tlie anesthetist as a person who is
going td do them a favor. .And cer-
tainly a capable anesthetist should he
so regarded by every man, woman or
child who must submit to a surgical
operation.
National Hospital Day Observed May 12 Is Occasion
For Acquainting Public With Available Facilities
National Hospital Day is observed each year on May 12. the anniversary of the
birthday of Florence Nightingale. On this day, the Presbyterian Hospital in com-
mon with other hospitals of Chicago and throughout the world will hold open
house, affording the public an opportunity to become acquainted with the facilities
provided for the care and treatment of the sick and injured.
There are in the United States
at
the present time 6,246 hospitals which
comply with the standards set up by
the American Medical Association and
have been approved by its Council on
Medical Education and Hospitals.
These hospitals have a total of 1,076,-
350 beds and 53,310 bassinets. Patients
admitted during 1935 totalled 7,709,-
942. Babies born in general hospitals
numbered 732,465; a total of 35,784
were born in maternity hospitals.
More than half a million men and
women, including trustees and manag-
ing boards, auxiliaries, medical and
nursing staffs and other hospital per-
sonnel constitute a standing army fight-
ing constantly against disease and
death and for the health and happiness
of the citizenry. It is estimated that
the work of this army saves the lives
of 630,000 persons annually. It is fit-
ting that one day each year should be
set aside in order that the people of
each community may pause to learn
something of the unceasing work of
our hospitals.
ABOUT OUR STAFF MEN
Dr. Vernon C. David, president of
our Medical Board, gave, an address on
''Surgery of the Colon" at the Chicago
Medical Society meeting on March 11.
Dr. Carl B. Davis took part in the dis-
cussion which followed the address.
Dr. Frank V. Theis. Dr. Carl W.
Apfelbach and Dr. Adrien Verbrug-
ghen were among the speakers in a
symposium on "Arterial Diseases of the
Extremities" at the Chicago Medical
Society meeting on March 18.
Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan was one
of the speakers in a symposium on
Appendicitis" at a meeting of the Cos
Angeles County Medical Association
on March 13. ' Dr. and Mrs. Bevan
have since returned home after spend-
ing the winter in ( ali iornia.
Dr. G. F. McWhorter gave a talk
on WAAF, March 24. on "Appendi-
citis Is an Emergency."
Dr. E. I. Berkheiser addressed the
Fulton Count) Medical Society, March
27.
Dr. Thomas D. Allen spoke at the
March Id meeting of the Chicago < >p-
thalmological Society, on "Surgical
Treatment of Retinal Detachment."
tribute In Sr. Emmlfc p. Abbott
April 15. 1BB4— ifflarrb 2G. 133G
To properly estimate the loss of a
friend, comrade and colleague is be-
yond words. The passing of Donald
Putnam Abbott leaves in us all a feel-
ing of enduring sadness. Flis love of
his country, his friends, and his pro-
fession were fully known. No doctor
of our time ever gave of himself more
fully to his patients. He was conscien-
tious to a fault and throughout his life
kindness to his patients and his friends
was a daily virtue. No one will suc-
cessfully imitate him because he was
an individualist of no common order.
His wife and children can cherish pride
in his accomplishments.
Donald P. Abbott, after graduation
from the University of Chicago, en-
tered Rush Medical College and gradu-
ated in the class of 1910. After an in-
ternship at the Cook County Hospital,
he became an assistant of the late Dr.
B. W. Sippy with whom he was asso-
ciated for many years. He served con-
tinuously on the staff of the Presby-
terian Hospital and the faculty of Rush
Medical College where he was an active
and enthusiastic and highly successful
teacher and practitioner of internal
medicine. His publications in medicine
have been characterized by painstaking-
study and sterling honesty. He con-
tributed much to medical society pro-
ceedings both in Chicago and other
cities and was highly regarded as a
speaker in his specialty.
I lis accomplishments were many and
varied, but in the last analysis we shall
miss him most as a friend.
Vernon C. David.
ONE MILLION SAFETY
PINS, 124 MILES OF
GAUZE USED IN 1935
fflvs. Dura iH
. Sfmtrlt
M
•S. Dora K. II
:rrick, mot
icr of
Dr.
lames 11. Ilei
rick. Mar
:h 20.
Mrs.
I lerrick was in
her ( '7th year and
had
lived in ( )ak 1
ark most
if her
life.
She was born i
] 1839 on
i I arm
local
:d in the area
now bouiK
led by
Marl
an, Chicago an
1 ( >ak I'ai
k ave-
nues
and the railr
»ad. Her
tathcr.
lose]
)h Ketllestrings.
was an ea
•lv set-
tier in Cook County.
1 f the gauze used in the Presbyterian
Hospital in 1935 was unrolled and laid
lengthwise, it would cover a sidewalk
three feet wide and 124 miles long.
Nearly one million safety pins used
in 1935 if fastened together would
reach entirely around a city block.
Surgical sponges used in 1935 num-
bered 600,000.
GOES TO LIBERIA
Dr. William E. Looby sailed on
A.pril 6 for Fiberia where he has been
appointed surgeon in the Firestone
Company Hospital at Monrovia, under
a two-year contract. Fiberia is on the
west coast of Africa about 500 miles
north of the equator and was founded
for the repatriation of freed negro
slaves. After completing his work in
Fiberia, Dr. Looby plans to spend some
time studying in Europe.
GIVE CHARMING PROGRAM
An entertainment was held in the
chapel of the Hospital on Saturday,
March 21, at 3:00 P. M. for the pa-
tients and their friends. Mrs. Clement
F. Pollock, chairman of the entertain-
ment committee, had arranged a charm-
ing program in which Patsy and Mar-
jorie Tice, daughters of Dr. Frederick
Tice, danced in costume, and Miss Ro-
berta Swartz gave humorous readings.
Mrs. Alex. Bain was accompanist.
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
OFFICERS:
ALFRED T. CARTON President
HORACE W. ARMS I ROM; Vice-President
CHARLES IS. (iOODSI'EED Vice-President
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOUGLASS Secretary
FRED S. BOOTH <lsst. Secretary
A. J. WILSON Asst. Secretary
OTHER MANAGERS:
Arthur G. Cable
Albert B. Dick, Jr.
John IS. Drake
Albert D. Farwell
James B. Forgan, Jr
Alfred E. Hamill
Charles H. Hamill
John McKinlay
Fred A. Poor
Theodore A. Shaw
Rev. John Timothy
Stone, D.D.
R. Douglas Stuart
Robert Stevenson
J. Hall Taylor
CLERICAL MANAGERS:
Rev. Harrison Ray Anderson. D.D.
Rev. Harold L. Bowman. D.D.
Rev. Henry S. Brown, D.D.
Rev. W. Clyde Howard, D.D.
ADMINISTRATION:
ASA S. BACON Superintendent
HERMAN HENSEL Asst. Superintendent
M. HELENA McMILLAN
Director, School of Nursing
The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of Chicago
is an Illinois not-for-profit corporation, organized
July 21, 1883, for the purpose of affording surgical
and medical aid, and nursing, to sick and disabled per-
c.il staff is appointed from the' faculty of Rush Med-
ical College of the University of Chicago.
The Board of Managers call attention to the need
of gifts for current charitable and educational work
and of gifts and bequests for endowment and for
the general purposes of the hospital.
le PrestwCOTai Hospital
©*
1
trie Gity o-
BULLETIN
y
Ski
lcqqc^
9
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, III.
May, 1936
No. 88
HOSPITAL SAFEGUARDS LIVES OF MOTHERS
Maternity Service Has Had No
Deaths in Last 3,204 Cases
Delivered
Much has been said and published
in recent years about the high national
rate of maternal mortality and meas-
ures that might be taken to reduce the
number of maternal deaths. Our ex-
perience in the Maternity Service of
the Presbyterian Hospital proves that
the complications which take mothers'
lives are largely preventable and that
the general hospital may fill a distinct
and valuable role in the prevention of
maternal deaths.
The Maternity Service of our hos-
pital has three functions : first, to ren-
der skilled obstetrical care to the pa-
tients ; second, to teach our young-
doctors how to give this skilled atten-
tion ; and third, to study the unsolved
problems which continue to cause ma-
ternal deaths.
Skilled obstetrical care consists of
the recognition and prevention of
dangerous disorders and strict adher-
ence to well founded principles of
obstetrics. Nowhere in medicine can
greater service be rendered to women
than in pre-natal care. In our pre-natal
clinics at the hospital and the Central
Free Dispensary every effort is made
to prevent those complications which
result fatally. Analysis of 10,000 cases
reveals that the important disorders
causing fatalities in obstetrics are : in-
tection, hemorrhage, toxemias with
convulsions, heart disease, tuberculosis
and pneumonia. It was also found that
foci of infection, especially in badly
infected teeth and anemia were con-
tributing factors. Not only do women
who are physically below par have
these fatal complications five times
more frequently than well women, but
still born babies are greatly increased
in these sick women.
(Continued on Page 3)
PORTABLE INCUBATOR BRINGS BABY MARIE TO HOSPITAL
Tiny baby Marie, shown in the arm
supervisor, travelled to our hospital n
and has since made her home in one i
On the day that the picture was taken
tinued to gain in every respect.
When a member of our out-patient
obstetrical staff delivered Marie at
home, it was deemed advisable that she
be brought to the hospital as soon as
possible for incubator care, as arc many
other babies horn prematurely or found
at full-term birth to be underdeveloped
or weak. Such babies require a con-
stant source of external heat and other
special care which facilities of the ordi-
nary home cannot provide.
For the purpose of transporting
these baliies from their homes to the
hospital, a portable incubator was de-
vised by a staff pediatrician and made
l>v our carpenter and electrician. This
incubator is essentially a wooden box
with a hinged top, containing a glass
window and equipped with three ad-
justable air vents, a tray containing a
moist sponge for humidifying purposes
and heating facilities consisting of an
f Airs. Dorothy Knight, infant floor
ltlv in our portable incubator (left)
>ur hospital baby incubators (right),
e weighed 4' ± pounds, and has con-
electric light bull) and electric heating
pad, and a thermometer.
When the occasion arises for its use
the portable incubator is brought up to
the usual incubator temperature before
leaving the hospital. On arrival at the
home heating units are again connected
to any available outlet to compensate
for heat lost in transit. If the home is
too poor to have electricity, hot water
1 Kittles are used as sources of heat, the
construction of the incubator being
such as to retain '.this heat and provide
proper air conditions. The infant in as
good condition both physically and as
regards its temperature as it is possible
to obtain with facilities available in the
home, is then placed in the incubator
and transported to the hospital, where
hosp
11 til
d dm
il incubator
hospital ii
lal heat be
ortation.
NATIONAL HOSPITAL DAY IS MAY 12TH.
PREVENTION IS ONE FUNCTION OF HOSPITAL
Proper Care and Feeding of New
Born Foundation for Future
Health
By Clifford G. Grulee, M.D.
The very reason for the existence of
hospitals is, of course, care of the sick,
but very few physicians and almost no
laymen realize the possibilities of a
hospital in preventing disease. The
prevention of disease is not only car-
ried on by active work, but also by
education of every one who comes in
contact with the institution. In smaller
communities there is often no place ex-
cept in the hospital for laymen to be
so educated, so that the functioning of
the hospital in this capactiy is of para-
mount importance. In a large city hos-
pital conditions are somewhat different,
but the difference is not as great as
one might suspect. In the matter of
prevention of disease in children a hos-
pital has a peculiar opportunity and
consequently a special duty. This has
been increasing rather than decreasing
in the past few years. More and more
women are coming to hospitals to have
their babies and as a consequence the
start of the infant's life lies in the
hands of the hospital authorities both
medical and lay. So little attention has
been paid to this opportunity in the
past that many who are associated with
hospital work do not realize its impor-
tance.
Breast Milk Is Best Food
The death rate among children in
the first week of life is far greater
than among individuals in any like
period thereafter. Therefore, any re-
duction of mortality at this age is pecu-
liarly important. At the present time,
the best hope for the reduction of mor-
tality in the first few days of life comes
with proper and adequate prenatal care,
next comes good obstetrics and then
the care of the infant in the hospital
and here an all important question
arises. There has been, of course, a
decided betterment in the care and
feeding of babies during the last
twenty years. This has been so great
as to overshadow one very important
fact and that is, that breast milk is the
best food for babies.
In a recent survey on Infant Wel-
fare babies between 1925-1929, made
by some members of the Presbyterian
Hospital Stall', it was shown that
among 20,061 followed continuously
in]- nine months during that period, the
deaths were only 218. < >ne of these
was accidental. Bui while the babies
feci entirely on the breast constituted
IN 1 . per cent, or 9,749, they accounted
for only (k7 per cent (if the deaths, or
15, while the children who were en-
tirely artificially fed constituted W 2
THE CHILDREN
By Charles M. Dickixsox
They arc idols of hearts and of house-
holds,
They arc angels of God in disguise;
His sunlight still sleeps in their tresses.
His glory still gleams in their eyes;
Those truants from home and from
hea z'en,
They have made me more manly and
mild :
And I know how Jesus could liken
'The kingdom of heaven to a child.
per cent, or 1,707, showed 66.1 per
cent of the total or 144 deaths. The
death rate, therefore, was almost fifty
times as great among those fed entirely
on the bottle as among those fed en-
tirely on the breast. Remember that
the death rate in this group was ex-
tremely small, but at the same time the
deaths among artificially fed babies
was comparatively very numerous.
First Two Weeks Decisive Period
The bearing that this has on the
subject in question is that it is fre-
quently determined whether or not a
child shall be breast fed in the first two
weeks of life. There has been much
talk recently in medical circles and
among the laity about the danger of
initial loss of weight in the first few
days of life, but this danger is nothing
as compared to the danger of employ-
ing measures which will keep the child
from nursing the mother. In a series
of cases which we have been following
over a number of years at the hospital,
we have definitely shown to our satis-
faction that the question of whether or
not the newborn infant is to lie on the
breast entirely when it leaves the hos-
pital depends upon the question of
whether or not it has been offered arti-
ficial food. Those that are fed artifici-
ally practically never get or. the breast,
or if so, the breast soon gives out.
Those who are allowed to become hun-
gry enough so that they stimulate the
breast by nursing develop the flow of
breast milk, and are therefore well on
the way to be breast fed babies when
they leave the hospital. The first error
is when someone puts a nipple in the
baby's mouth and gives it some arti-
ficial food. There are exceptions to
this rule, of course, but these are very
lew. We stumbled on to this fact by
following closely the condition among
the newly horn in the out-patient serv-
ice and we were quite shocked to find
thai under conditions in tin poorer
homes, the babies nursed in much lar-
lion of cases than they did
BABIES ALUMNI FUND NEW
PLAN OF WOMAN'S BOARD
pro]
[he h
\ll
■ncies can take o\
decidedly the job
that the baby is i
er the hospital h;
t to the baby oth
er the work, hut
of the hospital
tarted right.
With a view to obtaining funds to
provide hospital care for babies who
would not otherwise receive such care.
the Woman's Board of the Presby-
terian Hospital has established a Ba-
bies Alumni Fund. Parents, grand-
parents or other relatives of babies
born in our hospital or elsewhere are
invited to enroll their own loved little |
ones by paying dues of $1.00 per year.
Checks should be made payable to Mrs.
William A. Douglass, Chairman,
Child's Free Bed Fund, 317 North
Kenilworth Avenue, Oak Park, 111.
MISS MUNSON WRITES BOOK
Miss Helen Munson, 1922 graduate
of our School of Nursing, is the author
of a recently published book entitled
"The Story of the National League
of Nursing Education." The publish-
ers are W. B. Saunders Co. of Phila-
Other Preventive Work
There is, of course, some question
as to whether the function of a hospital
consists only in doing service to those
who enter it, or whether it should be
also interested in ambulatory patients.
The Presbyterian Hospital through the
Central Free Dispensary and through
its own efforts has shown its interest
in the latter and has indicated that it
feels that the hospital service consists
not only in giving care to patients
within its walls, but also to look after
those who may apply who may not be
sufficiently ill to require such service.
It also has provided social service
which acts very often in a manner to I
prevent disease. If we include such I
service in the functions of a hospital I
then indeed the prevention service to I
children becomes of a great deal of |
importance. Those children that are
horn in the hospital can lie taken care
of in tlie ( >ut-Patient clinics which are
largely of a preventive nature and in
this way the general communities can
be very often relieved of a large bur-
den of responsibility and debt by pre-
venting diseases and thus preventing
hospitalization, Indirectly we could '
say thai this is not only a service to the
community, hut likewise reduces the
cost of hospital care. This is only of
course in a wide range and cannot be
narrowly applied to any single hospi-
tal. This condition then shows that
the hospital is a very important cog in
tlii' wdieel of preventive medicine and
that the old idea that the hospital was
responsible lor the cure of disease and
not its prevention must be abandoned,
especially in the field of pediatrics.
(Continued from page 1)
To combat these difficulties, women
registered in any department of our
Maternity Service are objects of spe-
cial attention and study. Blood trans-
fusions, hospitalization of all toxic pa-
tients, consultation heart and anemia
clinics. X-rays of teeth and chest, and
blood examination for syphilis are our
methods of attack. The reward for this
effort is shown by the fact that no
maternal deaths have occurred among
the last 3,204 women delivered by our
Maternity Service, while one death in
every 175 deliveries occurs in the
country at large.
Doctors Arc Specialists
The doctors in charge of our Mater-
nity Service are all trained specialists
in this field. Unlike many general hos-
pitals in which any doctor can attend
a pregnant patient, the Presbyterian
Hospital permits only those men spe-
cially trained in obstetrics to deliver
maternity cases. In this way operative
deliveries to shorten labor when not
necessary, Cesarean sections without
sufficient reason, and many of the pres-
ent day obstetrical fads which add
greatly to the maternal death rate are
not permitted.
The working set-up of our Mater-
nity Department consists of the out-
patient service, hospital house service
and the service to private patients.
Our Out-Patient Service
The ( )ut-Patient Service delivers
patients in their homes. Its staff con-
sists of a director, two assistants, one
resident doctor, interns and medical
students, a head nurse, infant welfare
nurses and student nurses.
When an expectant mother registers
for this service, which is given without
charge to women unable to employ a
private physician, she is told to return
on a certain date to the pre-natal clinic.
If she fails to attend the clinic, the
Social Service Department investigates
and she is brought in for examination.
If she is found to be a normal; healthy
woman, she attends the regular clinic
thereafter, coming in for a check-up
every three weeks. If she is not nor-
mal, or at any time develops abnormali-
ties, she is sent to a special clinic con-
ducted by the director. At this special
clinic all patients not suitable for home
care are sent to the hospital. We find
that about one patient in 10 registering
for home delivery requires hospitaliza-
tion either during the pre-natal period
to correct some serious condition or at
the time of delivery.
How Hospital Helps
The cooperation of the Presbyterian
Hospital in admitting these patients
demonstrates that the service which the
medical staff and the facilities of a gen-
eral hospital are able to give is an im-
portant factor in the prevention of
maternal deaths.
Only those patients that seem safe to
deliver in the home are allowed to go
VARIED ACTIVITIES FOR
PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS
HELD AT WE ST SIDE "Y"
More than 1,000 students in West
Side professional schools have par-
ticipated this year in varied activities
offered at the West Side Y. M. C. A.
and conducted under the auspices of
a Student Cabinet composed of repre-
sentative students from each school.
Holiday parties, dancing, motion pic-
tures, lectures and forums on the topics
of the day, and physical activities are
included in the student program.
Groups from different schools use
the gym for designated periods for
individual gymnastics and team games.
For the past five winters, students in
the Presbyterian Hospital School of
Nursing have used the "Y" gym regu-
larlv, their period being from 7 to 8
o'clock each Thursday evening.
into labor at home. The patient calls
the out-patient department when pains
start. The telephone is covered day
and night by paid student operators.
Doctors are on call day and night. Two
doctors are sent to each case and re-
main there until after delivery takes
place. They report the patient's prog-
ress every hour by telephoning to the
out-patient department. The resident
interns, nurses, assistant directors and
director are subject to call day or
night if any difficulties develop.
House and Private Services
The house service organization is
essentially the same as the out-patient
service, except that women registering
for this service pay a stated fee which
covers hospitalization at the time of
delivery as well as pre-natal care at
clinics held in the hospital. The resi-
dent doctors, resident obstetrician and
attending obstetricians are responsible
for the care of these patients. A grad-
uate nurse, trained in both pre-natal
and social service work, serves as a
connecting link between house service
patients, the pre-natal clinic and other
hospital services.
Private patients receive their pre-
natal care from a member of the ob-
stetrical staff at his office and are
brought to the hospital for delivery.
To all patients, private or otherwise,
is offered all the advantages that skilled
obstetrics and investigative work can
provide.
Train Doctors and Nurses
Not only do patients receive the
benefit of these advantages but each
year more than 125 young doctors,
students at Rush Medical College of
the University of Chicago, study in our
carious clinics, laboratories, labor
rooms and hospital wards. Every ef-
fort is made to place these men in the
right surroundings to learn the pro-
cedures of diligent and sane obstetrical
care and to prepare them to serve their
future patients wisely and skilfully.
OBSTETRICAL SERVICE
FOR OUT-PATIENTS WAS
STARTE D 32 Y EARS AGO
It was in September, 1904, that the
Presbyterian Hospital Out-Patient Ob-
stetrical Department made available
the services of a staff physician and a
nurse to attend in their homes at the
time of delivery, mothers who were
unable to employ a private physician.
Hie department reported 39 deliveries
and 01 home visits between Sept. 1,
1904, and the end of that fiscal year.
Pioneering in this field of service to
mothers and babies, the department
grew from year to year and was one of
the first agencies in Chicago to stress
the importance of pre-natal care.
The department is conducted jointly
by the Hospital, Central Free Dis-
pensary and Rush Medical College,
while the Infant Welfare Society and
Visiting Nurse Association cooperate
closely by doing follow-up work in the
homes. During 1935, 905 mothers were
delivered by this department. Of this
number 447 were registered at Central
Free Dispensary, 235 were referred by
the Infant Welfare Society and 218 by
the Chicago Department of Health,
while five non-registered emergency
cases were cared for. Miss Mabel
Hubbard, graduate nurse supervisor in
charge of the department office, has
held this position for 15 years. Dr.
Carl P. Bauer, of Push Medical Col-
lege faculty and the Presbyterian Hos-
pital Obstetrical staff, has been director
lor the past six years.
( >ur Maternity Department affords
not only opportunity for service to stu-
dents in our School of Nursing, but
also an extensive field for teaching and
experience in the labor rooms, obstetri-
cal wards and laboratories and in the
care of infants. Each student nurse
also devotes four weeks as an assistant
in the pre-natal clinics and in district
nursing work assigned by the Out-
patient ' >bstetrical Department. Last
year 41 student nurses made 1,958
home calls for this department.
Valuable Investigative Work
Investigative work in our medical
teaching department during the last
year included studies in the toxemias
of pregnancy; new biological test for
Hormones in pregnant urine; investi-
gative work into the bacteriology of
[Tichomonds infections; study of heart
disease in pregnancy; study of anemia
in pregnancy; study of causes of ma-
ternal and infant deaths in obstetrics;
the mortality of surgical complications
of pregnancy; and motion pictures of
the technique of vaginal operations.
Results of these investigations appear
in our leading obstetrical journals.
( >ur findings in one of these problems
received a certificate of merit at the
American Medical Association conven-
tion in Atlantic ( 'ltv in (line. 1935.
Our Hospital Maternity Department Complies With
Standards Set Up By American Hospital Association
When it is realized that during 1935, 732,465 habies were horn in approved
general hospitals, while only 35,784 were horn in maternity hospitals, the impor-
tance of observing standards that safeguard the lives of mothers delivered in
general hospitals is obvious. The Council on Community Relations and Adminis-
trative Practice of the American Hospital Association has established such stand-
ards which are brought up-to-date from year to year in accordance with the
progress of medical science. These standards outline in detail requirements which
cover such matters as adequate and properly isolated accommodations for mothers
and babies; adequate and competent medical, nursing and non-professional per-
sonnel ; adequate laboratory and special treatment facilities under competent super-
vision ; accurate and complete clinical records on all patients ; consultation in
advance of all major obstetrical operative procedures; monthly conferences for
the review of clinical work of the department; adequate training of all student
nurses and assignment to the department only under competent supervision.
The requirements as given fully in
the 1936 "Manual of Obstetrical Prac-
tice in Hospitals" are conformed to in
the Presbyterian Hospital Maternity
Department, housed separately on the
sixth and seventh floors of the hospital.
The professional standing of the
eight members of our hospital obstetri-
cal and gynecological staff is revealed
not only in their teaching positions on
the faculty of Rush Medical College
but also in memberships held in impor-
tant professional societies. The Amer-
ican Gynecological Society has 100
members in the entire United States.
Of these, 30 men are assigned to select
groups known as Traveling Clubs.
Three of our staff members belong to
these select groups. Five of our men
hold memberships in the American
College of Surgeons and five are mem-
bers of the Central Association of
Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Six
men belong to the Chicago Gynecologi-
cal Society. All are members of the
American Medical Association, Illinois
and Chicago Medical Societies.
SPEAKS IN BUFFALO
Dr. Ernest E. Irons, dean of Rush
Medical College and attending phy-
sician on our staff, was one of the
speakers at the annual graduate clinical
meeting of the Alumni Association of
the University of Buffalo School of
.Medicine, April PS. Iff spoke on
"Chronic Arthritis, a General Disease
Requiring Individualized Treatment.''
TALK IN HEALTH SERIES
Dr. Eugene F. Traut and Dr. Clark
W. Finnerud were among the speakers
in a series of health talks given at Navy
Pier under auspices of the Woman's
Auxiliary of the Chicago Medical So-
ciety. Dr. Traut spoke April 23 on
"Arthritis" and Dr. Finnerud, April
25, on "(are of the Skin in Summer."
EXTRA COPIES OF BULLETIN
Patients or friends of the hospital
desiring extra copies of The Bulletin
may obtain these free of charge from
the Superintendent's office.
fflis& Amm M. Irmun
Miss Annie M. Brown, a resident
of Lake Forest for over 60 years,
passed away, April 2, in her 86th year.
Among the causes to which her time
and means were gladly given, none was
nearer to her heart than the Presby-
terian Hospital. She became an asso-
ciate member of the Woman's Board
in 1895 and an active member in 1896,
serving most faithfully until recently
when illness made her feel she should
resign. Miss Brown was a gentle-
woman of a type not often met with
in these days, whose humility of spirit,
steady conviction of personal duty, and
gift of a merry heart left an example
which all would be better for follow-
ing. Tributes of personal affection for
Miss Brown and an appreciation of her
long and faithful service as a board
member were expressed by many of
her friends at the April meeting of the
Woman's Board.
lr. Sari iSnarli Htr(!!ar%i
Dr. Earl Roach McCarthy died April
21, 1936, in the Presbyterian Hospital,
following a long illness. He was 42
years old and had been a valued, mem-
ber of our medical staff for 15 years.
A tribute containing a detailed account
of his life and professional career will
appear in the next issue of The Bul-
letin.
lr. 3Jnl|u JKtMim
Dr. John Kidlon, noted orthopedic
surgeon and teacher, and a formei
member of our surgical staff, died re-
cently al his home in Newport, R, 1.
at the age of 84 years.
ITEMS FOR BULLETIN
Items for the Presbyterian
Hospital Bulletin should be
sent to Mrs. Florence S. Hyde,
Editor, in care of the Super-
intendent's office.
HOSPITAL DAY BROADCAST
Mr. Asa S. Bacon, superintendent
of our hospital, is one of speakers
selected to broadcast over a national
radio hook-up on National Hospital
Day, May 12. His talk on "The Hos-
pital — The Home for the Sick" is
scheduled for 10:30 P. M. over N.B.C.
The Chicago outlet will be either
WMAO or WENR.
STERLING MALE CHORUS
Two delightful musical programs
were presented on April 28 in the hos-
pital chapel and at Sprague Home for
Nurses, respectively, by the Sterling
Male chorus of 75 voices, conducted
by Richard L. Wesselius. The chapel
program was given at 8:00 P. M. and
the program at the nurses' home at
8 :30. Chorus and solo numbers were
enjoyed by appreciative audiences in
both institutions.
OUR PEDIATRICIANS
It is within comparatively recent
years that the care of children has
come to the front as a highly special-
ized branch of medical practice, desig-
nated as "pediatrics." Of 99 pedia-
tricians in the entire country holding
membership in the American Pediatric
Society, three are on the staff of the
Presbyterian Hospital, while seven of
our staff pediatricians are members of
the American Academy of Pediatrics,
All are members of the American
Medical Association, Illinois and Chi-
cago Medical Societies.
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
OFFICERS:
ALFRED T. CARTON President
MllKAl T W. ARMSTROXO Ii, c-l>, csident
CHARM'S It. (iOODSI'EED I'u v 1', anient
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOLCLASS Secretary
FRED S BOOTH Asst. Secretary
A. J. WILSON Asst. Secretary
OTHER MANAGERS:
Arthur G. Cable John McKinlay
Albert B. Dick, Jr. F^d A. Poor
John B. Drake Theodore A. Shaw
.,„„ r, Tf. „,„_., Rev. John Timothy
Albert _D. Farwell St0NEi d d
James B Iorgan, Jr. r Douglas Stuart
Alfred E. Hamill Robert Stevenson
Charles H. Hamill J. Hall Taylor
Edward D. McDougal, John P. Welling
Jr. Edward F. Wilson
CLERICAL MANAGERS:
Rev. Harrison Ray Anderson, D.D.
Rev. Harold L. Bowman. D.D.
Rev. Henry S. Brown, D.D.
Rev. W. Clyde Howard, D.D.
ADMINISTRATION:
ASA S. BACON Superintendent
HERMAN HENSEI Asst. Superintendent
M. HELENA McMILLAN
Director, School of Nursing
The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of Chicago
is an Illinois not-for-profit corporation, organized
July 21, 1883, for the purpose of affording surgical
and medical aid, and nursing, to sick and disabled per-
sons of every creed, nationality, and color. Its medi-
cal staff is appointed from the faculty of Rush Med-
ical College of the University of Chicago.
The Board of Managers call attention to the need
of gifts for current charitahle and educational work
and of gifts and bequests for endowment and for
the general purposes of the hospital.
ntsttffjiiai H©spifa
tke Gity (yy Skicagc^
BULLETBN
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, 111.
June, 1936
No. 89
TRAIMED'DIETITIANS SUPERVISE FOOD SERVICE
Variety of Diets as Prescribed by
Doctors are Served to Hospital
Patients
By Florence Slown Hyde
"When do we eat, and what?" is a
vital question to all of us. It is of even
greater importance to the hospital pa-
tient whose desire for food is seldom
normal, while adequate and properly
prescribed nourishment is an indispens-
able factor in his recovery regardless
of the cause of illness or incapacitation.
When a patient is admitted to the
Presbyterian Hospital, the attending
doctor furnishes to the dietitian a writ-
ten order for the diet to be served and
every variation from this made during
the patient's stay in the hospital is done
only as directed by the doctor. There
are certain standard diets which are
designated as — general diet, soft diet,
and liquid diet.
Many Special Diets
Among the specific variations of the
general diet are — full meat free, full fat
free, high calorie, low calorie, ulcer and
bowel management, and those for pa-
tients suffering from hypertension (high
blood pressure) cardiac (heart) condi-
tions, and anemia. There are special
post-operative diets for surgical patients.
In a class by themselves are the quantita-
tive (weighed) diets which are listed as
— diabetic, ketogenic, obesity, and acid
ash diets. Every item on these quantita-
tive diets is weighed on scales graduated
in grams so that the specific amount
prescribed is served, while all food that
comes back uneaten is weighed to de-
termine the exact amount of nourish-
ment actually taken by the patient.
Whether a patient is permitted a
general diet or one that is highly re-
stricted, the dietary department cooper-
ates with the doctor by providing prop-
erly balanced rations, prepared and
served as attractively as possible. This
is accomplished in the Presbyterian
Hospital by means of teamwork on the
part of a scientifically trained and thor-
oughly experienced head dietitian and
an executive chef of wide experience
and recognised achievements in the cul-
inary field.
Back in 1890, when our hospital con-
sisted only of the Ross and Jones Build-
ings, and the Hamill Wing, one kitchen
on the fifth floor prepared the food for
the patients 1 trays and hospital person-
nel. Food was largely a matter of sus-
tenance, rather than a therapeutic agent
or a thing to be looked forward to and
enjoyed. The kitchens and the serving
of food was under the supervision of
the matron of the hospital, for at this
time there were no trained dietitians.
Central Serving Unit
As the hospital was enlarged, kitchens
were established on different floors, to
which food was distributed from one
central preparation unit which was
moved from the fifth floor to the base-
ment. In 1912, there were eleven dif-
ferent units from which patients' trays
were served. About this time, our super-
(Continned on Page 3)
CAMP OUTINGS TO HELP
CHILD PATIENTS REGAIN
HEALTH DURING SUMMER
Doors of three different camps will be
open this summer to a limited number
of former child patients of our hospital,
selected by our Social Service Depart-
ment as in need of such outings. Eight-
een children whose principal needs are
fresh air, good food and a good time
will be sent to Holiday Home at Wil-
liams Bay.
Arden Shore camp for girls and Ar-
den Shore Boyville camp will furnish
all summer outings to some of our little
boys and girls who seriously need the
health building care jjiven at those
camps. Child patients whose hearts fail
to act properly will be sent to Camp
Reinberg, operated by the Cook County
Bureau of Public Welfare for cardiac
children.
Patients or friends of the hospital de-
siring extra copies of The Bulletin may
obtain these free of charge from the
Superintendent's office.
PROFESSIONAL CONVENTIONS ATTRACT INTEREST
Members of Hospital Staff on
Programs of National
and State Meetings
Members of our hospital medical,
nursing and administrative staffs were
speakers at several important conven-
tions held recently, while others partici-
pated in these meetings as officers, com-
mittee chairmen or interested members.
Dr. Herman L. Kretschmer was re-
elected treasurer of the American Medi-
cal Association at its convention in
Kansas City, May 11-15. He also was
reelected president of the American
Board of Urology, Inc., a professional
group that is working in cooperation
with the Council on Education and
Hospitals to raise standards so that bet-
ter equipped and better trained urolo-
gists shall be available throughout the
country.
Dr. James Herbert Mitchell addressed
the A.M. A. convention section on der-
matology and Dr. W. O. Thompson
read a paper on "An Adrenal Cortex
Extract Effective in Addison's Disease"
before another section. At the meeting
of the Association for the Study of
Glands of Internal Secretion held in
Kansas City, May 12, Dr. Thompson
read a paper which was a report of a
study made by Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan,
Dr. N. J. Heckel, Dr. P. K. Thompson
and Dr. W. O. Thompson. This group
and Dr. S. J. Taylor III also presented
at both the A. M. A. and the Illinois
State Medical Society conventions a
scientific exhibit on glands of internal
secretion.
A paper covering a study of certain
treatment for Peripheral Circulatory
Diseases, prepared by Frank V. Theis,
M.D. and Milnor Freeland, Ph.D. was
read by Dr. Theis at the A. M. A. con-
vention. Dr. Peter Bassoe was chair-
man of the scientific exhibit on nervous
and mental diseases and Dr. Clark Fin-
nerud was chairman of the exhibit on
dermatology and sy philology. A spe-
cial exhibit on fractures was arranged
by a committee headed by Dr. Kellogg
Speed. Dr. Bertha A. Klien was chair-
man of the exhibit on malformations of
the eye.
At Illinois Convention
Members of our staff who were
speakers at the Illinois state convention
in Springfield, May 19-21 were:
Pediatricians meeting, Dr. Clifford
C. Grulcc and Dr. Arthur H. Parmelec;
section on surgery, Dr. Herman L.
Kretschmer; symposium on Amoebiasis,
Dr. Gatewood and Dr. E. F. Traut. Drs.
D. B. Hayden, L. W. Curry, Richard
Watkins, George E. Shambaugh, Jr. and
W. F. Moncrieff took part in group
conference discussions of nose and eye
problems.
RUSH GRADUATION
Spring quarter graduation for Rush
Medical College was a feature of the
University of Chicago convocation pro-
gram on June 16 in the university
chapel. Ninety candidates received
M.D. degrees, while 77 received four-
year certificates. The annual faculty
and alumni dinner was held that eve-
ning in the Palmer House with Dr.
George H. Coleman as toastmaster.
Dr. R. T. Woodyatt presented a chart
exhibit on "Diabetic Coma, Its Preven-
tion and Treatment." Dr. Elias Selinger
took part in the discussion of a paper
on "Treatment of Trachoma."
Dr. Arthur H. Parmelee was vice-
chairman of the pediatricians section.
At Other Meetings
The annual meeting of the American
Association for the Study of Goiter
brought outstanding medical men to
Chicago June 8 and 9. Members of
our medical staff were hosts at a clinic
session in our hospital, Tuesday morn-
ing, June 9, followed by a luncheon in
the chapel, attended by 60 visitors and
staff members. Dr. W. O. Thompson
presented at one of the convention ses-
sions a paper on "Inter-relations of Pit-
uitary and Thyroid" covering a joint
study of this subject by himself, Dr. P.
K. Thompson, Dr. S. G. Taylor III, and
Dr. L. F. U. Dickie.
Dr. Carl Apfelbach, pathologist on
our staff, was elected president of the
Chicago Pathological Society at its an-
nual meeting, May 1 1 .
Dr. Robert Herbst, past president of
the American Urological Association,
attended the convention of that organ-
isation in Boston, May 18-21.
Dr. Adrien Verbrugghen was one of
the speakers at the annual meeting and
clinical session of the Central States
Society of Industrial Medicine and Sur-
gery, at Springfield, May 19. His topic
was "Injuries to the Brain and Spinal
Cord."
At the annual meeting of the Amer-
ican Surgical Association in Chicago,
May 7-9, Dr. Kellogg Speed and Dr.
H. L. Kretschmer were speakers. Dr.
Vernon David was secretary and Dr.
Arthur Dean Bevan a member of the
council of this association.
Miss Karla Jorgenson, director of our
Social Service Department, attended the
annual convention of the National Con-
ference of Social Work in Atlantic City,
May 24-30.
Mr. Asa S. Bacon, superintendent of
the Presbyterian Hospital, was one of
the speakers at the annual meeting of
the Michigan State Hospital Association
m Grand Rapids, May 28 and 29.
Ir. iEarl IRnarrj iflrOJartriy
Non. 15. 1B94 - A;iril 211. 1936
Dr. Earl Roach McCarthy died in the
Presbyterian Hospital, April 20. He had
suffered bravely for many months from
a progressive arterial hypertension; and
we, who had worked with him and
loved him, felt that the end came as a
welcome release from the obligation to
continue his struggle.
He was born Nov. 15, 1894 in Le-
Mars, la. His youth was spent in Port-
land, Ore. His academic education was
received at Dartmouth College and the
University of Chicago. He was gradu-
ated from Rush Medical College, class
of 1921, and served his internship in the
Presbyterian Hospital from 1921 to
December, 1922. After a brief period
of practice Dr. McCarthy went to Eu-
rope for further study, which he pur-
sued for two postgraduate years. Upon
his return he became associated with
the teaching in the Surgical Department
of Rush Medical College and joined the
Presbyterian Hospital staff as an assist-
ant attending surgeon. From that time
until the onset of his illness he gave
himself without stint to his work as my
associate, to his patients and students,
and to the hospital.
He had always been interested in
medical research and writing. During
his student days he had worked on a
problem connected with the action of
the pancreas and had isolated, accident-
ally, a preparation later to be known as
insulin. Inasmuch as his problem lay
elsewhere, he did not recognise the im-
portance of the preparation with which
he was dealing at that time. He con-
tributed to medical literature an out-
standing piece of work on tumors of the
carotid body.
The death of Dr. McCarthy has term-
inated what promised to be a brilliant
career. On that account the hospital
and the staff have cause to regret great-
ly his passing. Still more do we mourn
our loss of a cheerful, unassuming work-
er; a loyal and devoted comrade.
Arthur Dean Bevan
Several members of the Presbyterian
Hospital Nursing staff assisted in the
committee work involved in entertain-
ing the convention of the American
National Red Cross at the Stevens Hotel
in Chicago, May 11-14. As secretary of
the Chicago Red Cross Nursing com-
mittee, Miss Ella Van Horn of our
School of Nursing staff was busy before
and during the convention helping in
various ways. Other members of our
staff assisting in the guard of honor at
the registration desk, at the reception
and in other capacities were Miss Desse
Greek, Miss Jane High, Miss Florence
Cooper, Miss Helen Johns and Miss
Joanna DeVries.
(Continued from Page 1)
intendent conceived the idea of serving
trays to different floors from one central
unit, utilising dumb waiters to carry
trays to floors that were in a vertical
relationship to the central serving unit.
The result of this idea is our present
central diet kitchen which has been in
operation for about ten years. At the
present time, this kitchen serves all pa-
tients in the Pavilion and in the seventh
floor maternity department.
The quantitative kitchen adjacent to
the central diet kitchen serves the
weighed diets for all patients m the
hospital. This centralization of the
food service has made it possible to have
a better trained person for each phase
of the work. It was possible also to
adequately equip one central unit,
whereas to equip similarly the five kitch-
ens which were replaced would have
been both expensive and impractical.
Food odors and the noise and clatter of
dishes were removed from the floors in
that section of the hospital. Food costs
were decreased without lowering food
standards. All supplementary nourish-
ments as well as meal trays are served
from the diet kitchen.
Telautograph Is Useful
Where food service is centralized, a
quick accurate means of communication
to floors served is essential. A telauto-
graph, an electrical device which trans-
mits handwriting, fulfills this need. Diet
orders, messages to hold trays or to
serve trays, orders for supplementary
nourishments, etc. are written on the
telautograph sending apparatus located
on each floor, signed by the sender, and
transmitted automatically to the central
serving unit. Some may wonder why
the use of the telephone is not more
practical. However, numbers given over
the telephone may be misunderstood,
while the telautograph message is in
writing, transmitted exactly as written
by the sender.
Diet kitchens on each floor serve both
private room and ward patients m the
Jones and Murdoch buildings under the
supervision of floor dietitians. Food is
dispensed in bulk by dumb waiters from
the main kitchen to these serving units.
Whenever funds for this purpose be-
come available, the hospital manage-
ment plans to equip these buildings with
a central diet kitchen unit in order that
this efficient and economical food serv-
ing system may prevail throughout the
institution.
In addition to the advantages already
mentioned, the easily administered and
prompt procedure by which trays are
set up in the central diet kitchen is of
particular interest. The first step in pre-
paring the tray is placing on it the silver
and cold food for which the menu on
the tray calls. This may include a salad,
dessert, (other than ice cream) glass of
SILVER FOR SOAP WRAPPERS
The Silver Committee of the Wo-
man's Board has reported that 15,200
American Family soap wrappers and
soap flake panels were collected the past
year and exchanged for 14 dozen tea-
spoons and six dozen dessert spoons to
be used in the first floor dining rooms.
The committee of which Mrs. Cameron
Barber is chairman, hopes to collect
more soap wrappers this year in order
to replenish the supply of knives and
forks.
milk, small pitcher of cream for coffee
or tea, crackers if soup is to be served,
tomato juice, orange juice, or similar
items on the patient's individual menu
as prepared in advance by the dietitian
in accordance with the orders of the
doctor. After being set up with these
items, trays are placed on a four-deck
cart which is wheeled to the steam table
and the short order cooking unit. Here
the hot food listed on the menu is
placed on the tray in piping hot dishes.
If broiled meat or eggs in some form are
listed, these are prepared by the short
order cook. Toast, rolls, or other bread,
and butter are added here, if on the
menu.
At the proper moment when the
short order is ready, other hot foods
which the menu calls for are placed on
the tray, as is also the hot beverage. If
ice cream is to be included, it is placed
on the tray last. There is a final check
by a dietitian to ascertain that the food
on the tray accords with the menu. Now
the tray is ready to be placed in the
dumb waiter and reaches the patient
within two minutes after the hot food
is placed thereon. Each dumb waiter
can carry four trays and by systematical-
ly planned serving, four trays are ready
to be placed in the waiter at the same
time and dispatched to the floors by
pressing the proper button. Serving
maids on each floor take the trays from
the dumb waiter and carry them to the
patients, each tray being labelled with
the proper room number.
To facilitate preparation of weighed
diet trays, the quantitative kitchen is
equipped with a small food preparation
and steam table unit. The former in-
cludes a broiler and gas burners for
cooking short order items, and in addi-
tion there is a bain marie to keep food
warm when it must be held for a short
time.
Dishwashing is done with electrical
equipment and in accordance with all
sanitary rules of the Chicago Depart-
ment of Health. If a patient is suffer-
ing from an infectious condition of any
kind, his tray is properly designated
and the dishes and silver thereon are
sterilized for fifteen minutes before be-
ing washed in the usual manner. Trays
thus designated include those of patients
having severe colds, dysentery, or
strepticocci infections.
In addition to being equipped with
facilities for keeping hot food hot until
it reaches the patient, diet kitchen serv-
ing units have refrigeration facilities for
keeping cold foods and cold beverages
at the proper temperature.
While the actual needs of the patients
are regarded as of paramount import-
ance, insofar as is possible under neces-
sary medical and other limitations the
dietary department considers the prefer-
ences of patients. It also adapts its
services to the exigencies that arise con-
stantly. If a patient is absent in the
X-ray department, examining rooms, or
special treatment rooms at meal time,
his tray is served when he returns to
his room or ward. If supplementary
nourishment between meals is deemed
necessary, these are served in accord-
ance with the wishes of the attending
physician.
In addition to the food service for pa-
tients, the dietetics staff supervises the
service in the first floor dining rooms for
resident doctors and interns, special
nurses, office, laboratory and other per-
sonnel, and the service in the basement
dining rooms for hospital employes.
Has Trained Staff
The dietitian m charge, Miss Beulah
Hunzicker, prepared for her highly re-
sponsible duties here by taking her B.S.
and M.A. degrees in dietetics at the Un-
iversity of Wisconsin, and served her
dietetics internship in the University of
Michigan Hospital. Seven trained dieti-
tians and a diet kitchen supervisor com-
prise Miss Hunzicker's staff.
In the dietary department, the stu-
dent nurses receive the training in diete-
tics that is required in their nursing
course. Each preliminary student nurse
is assigned to twenty days service in the
dietary department, while advanced stu-
dents have an assignment of 38 days. At
the present time four student nurses are
on duty in this department.
Those on the dietetics staff other than
dietitians and student nurses number 36.
This number includes the people on
relief duty and night duty. Each em-
ployee receives a full physical examina-
tion before he or she is hired for work,
and a careful watch is kept so that no
one reports for duty unless in excellent
health; this insures that only well peo-
ple work in our food department.
Special nurses and other employes on
night duty in the hospital are served a
midnight meal in the dining rooms, and
at 6:30 in the morning the day nurses
arrive for breakfast so they can begin
duty at 7:00 o'clock. These meals to-
gether with calls for extra nourishments
for patients require the dietary depart-
ment to operate twenty four hours a
day.
Dietetic Values, Purity and Flavor Are Ruling
Factors in Kitchens Presided Over by Chef
The proof of the hospital patient's diet is not only in the eating but in extent
to which the food taken has been selected and prepared with a view to dietetic
values and freedom from bacteria. In the Presbyterian hospital an executive chef is
responsible for ordering all food supplies, while all cooking is done under his super-
vision. Chef and head dietitian plan the menus together so that all items required
for the varied diets will be available each day.
-aesimile of certificate
Chefs of Cuisine As
ih pastry, second for
i display
"fish Vm'd
Everything in the way of raw food supplies is personally inspected by the chef
before it enters the kitchen and all food cooked in the main kitchen is inspected by
the chef before being dispatched in well covered containers to diet kitchen units.
Among the culinary feats which a hospital chef must perform is that of making
edible numerous dishes from which one
or more of the usual ingredients are
eliminated because of dietary require-
ments of different patients. Digestibil-
ity and nutritive value are predominant
factors in cooking procedures. Take
vegetable soup, for example. Our chef
uses only fresh vegetables, which are
drained after being washed thoroughly,
then salted and allowed to simmer for
one hour in their own juices, after
which water is added for patients un-
able to eat soup containing meat stock,
while the latter is added for other pa-
tients and employes.
Desserts that look attractive and arc
digestible include fruit pastries with a
crust made of sugar, flour, butter and
milk; blanc manges, Bavarian creams,
fruit whips, souffles, ice creams and ices
in an endless variety of flavors and
combinations.
The standard recipe used by our chef
for 15 gallons of vanilla ice cream calls
for eight gallons of 22 per cent cream,
40 eggs, 15 pounds of sugar, three
ounces of French leaf gelatine and two
Mexican vanilla beans. The ingredi-
ents are combined in proper order and
cooked well but not allowed to boil.
When cool, the mixture is poured into
our ice cream freezing machine through
a small opening near the top of the
mixing cylinder. After being frozen
it is forced out through another opening
into five gallon cans. These cans are
set in a ten-degree below freezing re-
frigerator for 24 hours, then placed in
an ordinary refrigerator for six to ten
hours, after which the ice cream is suffi-
ciently soft to be served. From the
time the ice cream mixture is poured
into the freezing machine until it is dip-
ped out to he placed on the trays, it is
not touched by human hand or exposed
to bacteria from any source.
SOME FOOD STATISTICS
Number of
meals served daily
in the Presbyterian Hospital
varies from
1,900 to 2,100.
Each day
we use on an av-
erage:
300 lbs.
loaf bread.
360 qts.
whole milk.
100 qts.
rich cream.
500 lbs.
of meat.
140 doz
eggs-
60 lbs.
creamery butter.
72 heads of lettuce.
And oth
er food supplies in
proportion
For one serving to patients
and first floor dining rooms, it
requires:
30 gals
of ice cream.
100 lbs.
Danish pastry.
180 lbs.
baked ham.
52 doz
muffins.
60 doz
hard rolls.
About Our Chef
Mr. Erich Bode, who is now in his
fifth year as our executive chef, received
his early culinary training from a fam-
ous chef in Germany, following which
he held positions in leading hotels of
Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy,
Belgium and the French Riveria. He
came to this country in 1923 and was"?
engaged as chef in first rank hotels in
Milwaukee and Chicago before joining
our staff.
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
Telephone: Seelev 7171
OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
OFFICERS:
ALFRED T. CARTON President
HORACE W. ARMSTRONG Vice-President
CHARLES B. GOODSPEED Vice-President
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOUGLASS Secretary
FRED S. BOOTH Asst. Secretary
A. J. WILSON Asst. Secretary
OTHER MANAGERS:
Vrthur G. Cable
U.bert B. Dick, Ji
I in
Sh/
ALBERT D. FARWELL
James B. Forgan, Jr.
Alfred E. Hamii.l
Charles H. Hamii.l
Edward D. McDougall,
Jr.
Rev. John Timothy
Stone, D.D.
R. Douglas Stuart
Robert Stevenson
J. Hall Taylor
John p. Welling
Edward F. Wilson
CLERICAL MANAGERS:
REV. Harrison Ray Anderson, D.D:
rev. Harold L.Bowman, D.D.
Rev. Henry S. Brown, D.D.
Rev. W. Clyde Howard, D.D,
ADMINISTRATION:
ASA S. BACON Superintendent
HERMAN HENSEI Asst. Superintendent
M. HELENA McMILLAN Director, School of Nursin t
The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of
Chicago is an Illinois not-for-profit corpora-
tion, organized July 21, 1883, for the purpose I
of affording surgical and medical aid, and
nursing, to sick and disabled persons of every
creed, nationality, and color. Its medical staff
is appointed from the faculty of Rush Medical
College of the University of Chicago.
The Board of Managers call attention to
the need of gifts and bequests for endow-
ment and for the general purposes of the
hospital.
The ftebytomi Mospto
tke Gity cry Q\\icacj&
BULLETIN
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, 111.
September, 1936
No. 90
UNIVERSITY ADOPTS NEW PROGRAM FOR RUSH
Unified Medical School Plan Will
Continue and Broaden West
Side Teaching
Combining the high scholastic ideals
of a great university, the traditions and
achievements of a century-old medical
school, and the facilities of a hospital
dedicated to high ideals of service, the
new program now being initiated at
Rush Medical College by the University
of Chicago is fraught with far-reaching
possibilities for the advancement of
medical science and the mitigation of
human suffering.
Though affiliated with the University
of Chicago in 1898, Rush did not be-
come an integral part of the University
until 1924. Owing to the fact that the
University had another medical school
on the South Side, there has been some
uncertainty as to the ultimate fate of the
West Side school. As a result of formal
action taken early this summer by the
Board of Trustees of the University, the
School of Medicine which has been
conducted in the division of Biological
Sciences at the University and Rush
Medical College will henceforth he
one School of Medicine, and the West
Side program of teaching and research
will be continued and broadened.
Announces New Program
In announcing the new program at
the Rush Medical College Alumni din-
ner June 16, 1936, Mr. Frederic Wood-
ward, vice-president of the University
of Chicago, said in part:
"It has been definitely settled again
that medical teaching and research will
be continued on the West Side and all
the resources that we can command will
be devoted to it. Furthermore, it has
been decided to unite the medical work
on the West Side and on the South Side
in one administrative organisation.
There will be one medical school operat-
ing within the Division of Biological
Sciences of the University and on the
West Side it is our purpose to develop
FIRST BUILDING I 'SID BY Rl'SIl MI-DICAI ( OMICI
Rush Medical colleee course was given in this frame building, in rooms b,
t was located on Clark street, near Randolph.
a program which will have in the long
run two important functions.
"First, advanced teaching, thoroughly
scientific in character leading to certi-
fication of specialists in various fields;
second, to direct prolonged study after
the M. D. degree."
New Dean Named
Dr. Emmet B. Bay, has been ap-
pointed as Associate Dean of the Divi-
sion of Biological Sciences, and will de-
vote his full time to the administration
ot the West Side unit of the medical
school, working out details whereby the
teaching program of the South and
West Side portions of the one school
may be unified and developed in keep-
ing with the highest scholastic and pro
fessional objectives.
Presbyterian Hospital
Sharing in this new program of teach-
ing and research, the Presbyterian
Hospital will continue the relationship
established with Rush Medical College
when the hospital was founded 53 years
ago, under which the Hospital Medical
staff is appointed from Rush faculty,
which body has control of all clinical
instruction given in the hospital.
Central Free Dispensary-
Central Free Dispensary, located in
the Senn MemoriaRBuilding of the col-
lege group, and affiliated with the Pres
byterian Hospital, will continue as an
out-patient clinical teaching center,
staffed by Rush faculty men and wo-
men, and giving to the sick poor the
benefits of extensive medical knowledge
and continuous research.
Will Seek Endowment
Long cherished plans for the rchahili
tation of the present West Side college
plant and lor obtaining ot endowment
to support advanced research and teach
ing may now be promulgated with the
assurance that this portion ol the School
of Medicine of the University oi < 'In
eago will remain on the West Side.
RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE CHARTERED IN 1837
Founded by Dr. Daniel Brainard
Named for Pioneer Doctor and
Colonial Patriot
Chicago was a village of but 3,000
population, not yet incorporated as a
city, when a far-visioned young doctor
by the name of Daniel Brainard ob-
tained in February, 1837, from the Illi-
nois Legislature, a charter to establish a
medical school, to be named in honor
of Benjamin Rush, pioneer in American
medicine, active member of the Contin-
ental Congress from Pennsylvania and
signer of the Declaration of Independ-
ence. The story of Rush Medical Col-
lege is not only the story of the first
institution of learning chartered m Illi-
nois and still in existence. It also is the
story of an institution which has been
in the vanguard of the advancing march
of medical science and the story of not
a few men nationally and international-
ly acclaimed for their professional
achievements. It is a story of begin-
nings out of which grew other institu-
tions destined to fill a large place in the
care and treatment of the sick and dis-
abled of Chicago and the great West.
And, intertwined with the story of the
men who built the sure foundation on
which was reared Rush Medical College
is the story of leadership and active par-
ticipation in civic enterprises which
have had a vital part m Chicago's re-
markable growth and progress.
Two Great Pioneers
Dr. Brainard obtained his M. D. de-
gree from Jefferson College in Philadel-
phia in 1S34 and came to Chicago two
years later. He was, for a time, editor
of Chicago's first newspaper, The Chi-
cago Democrat.
The charter incorporating Chicago
as a city was granted a few days after
the charter for Rush Medical College
was granted. Dr. J. C. Goodhue, who
assisted in obtaining the Rush charter
and later became one of the college
trustees, was a<=memher of the first city
council and was instrumental in having
drawn and passed the ordinance estab-
lishing the public school system.
The panic of 1837 interfered with Dr.
Brainard*s plans to start a medical school
immediately, but he taught anatomy and
surgery to a few private students and
spent two years (1839-40) studying in
Paris. The first Rush College announce-
ment was issued m October, 1843, and
the first term of sixteen weeks began
on December 4, following. Lectures
were delivered to 22 students in rooms
belonging to Dr. Brain, ird's office suite
in a frame building located on Clark
street near Randolph. A shed m the
i .ii oi the building was used as a dis-
secting room.
DR. BRAINARD'S PROPHECY
In his introductory address to
students at the beginning of the first
term of Rush Medical College, Dec.
4, 1843, Dr. Brainard said:
"We believe the school we this
day open is destined to rank among
the permanent institutions of the
State. It will pass in time to other
and better hands; it will live on,
identified with the interests of a
great and prosperous city."
Requirements for the M. D. degree
were three years 1 study with a respect-
able physician and two courses of lec-
tures at the college. Two years of priv-
ate practice were accepted as equivalent
to one course of lectures. This prob-
ably aeounts for the fact that there was
one graduate at the end of the 'first}
term. He was William v Butter JwrtEA
son of Hon. Justin Butterfewftri nioneer
Chicago lawyer. Dr. Buttenfcilfi's par-
ticipation in the Mexican war impaired
his health and he died at an early age,
after engaging in a limited practice
which brought him some distinction.
^ Dr. James V. Z. Blaney, Dr. M. L.
Knapp, Dr. John McLean and Dr.
Brainard comprised the first Rush facul-
ty of four men.
Graduates Number 10,129
The first college building was erected
in the summer of 1844 and, as related
in a separate article, was succeeded by
other structures built and equipped to
provide facilities for a growing institu-
tion in which was taught a science and
profession that was constantly enlarg-
ing in scope. New faculty members of
outstanding ability came to Rush as the
years passed and the sis;e of the stu-
dent body increased as the fame of the
school spread throughout the country.
Those who have received the M. D.
degree at Rush, to date, total 10,129 of
whom 6,000 are living.
Rush graduates have practiced med-
icine in all parts of the world. Many
have won distinction as surgical and
medical specialists in various fields.
Others have filled important teaching
positions on the faculty of their alma
mater or .it other well known medical
schools. Rush men have made out
st, Hiding contributions to medical liter, i
ture and to the advancement of medical
science. In the early days when the
great West was being settled, Rush
graduates went out to the little towns
and hamlets, where, as general practic
doners, thev filled an indispensable
place in the lives of the pioneer build
ers of an empire. These men. known
only to those whom they served in ac-
cordance with the knowledge gained
and the ideals taught at Rush, are as
much a part of the glorious history of
2
this century-old medical school as are
those whose names are known national-
ly and internationally.
Chicago's First Hospital
"Cliniques", as they were then called,
were held from the first. Dr. Blaney
had opened at his office in the Sherman
House, m 1839, the first free medical
dispensary in Chicago. When Rush be-
gan its first course in 1843, this dispens-
ary was taken over as a clinical teaching
center and was located m the first col-
lege building erected m 1844. In 1846,
Chicago's first general hospital was es-
tablished by public authorities with
Rush faculty members in charge. This
hospital, which had a capacity of 100
beds, was located in a large warehouse
at the corner of Kinz,ie and Wolcott
(now State) streets. The college dis-
pensary was moved to this building,
where clinical instruction was given to
Rush students for three years. This is
referred to variously in early historical
data as "Tippicanoe HalR and the "Chi-
cago Hospital."
First Operation With Ether
Here on January 12, 1847, Dr. Brain-
ard performed the first operation on
record, west of the Alleghemes, for
which an anesthetic was administered.
Dr. Charles H. Quinlan, dentist, who-
had obtained the formula used by Dr.
Horace Wells at Hartford, Conn, in
1844, administered ether. Here, also,
on January 24, 1847, chloroform was
first used as an anesthetic, ten days be-
fore its first recorded use in New York.
Dr. Blaney is credited with having
demonstrated the value of chloroform as I
an anesthetic about the time that Sir
James Y. Simpson was conducting his
experiments in Scotland. Dr. Blaney 's
findings were made public shortly after
Dr. Simpson announced, in 1847, his
successful use of chloroform as an an-
esthetic during childbirth.
Demonstrate Ethylene-Oxygen
Seventy-six years later on March 14,
192 3, another Rush Professor of sur-
gery, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan, per-
formed in the Presbyterian Hospital the
first operations in which cthylene-oxy
gen was used as an anesthetic. Dr.
Isabella Herb, associate professor of
surgery (anesthetics) was the anesthet-
ist. Ethylene has since replaced ether
to a large extent in many hospitals of
the United States and Canada.
What became of the hospital on
Km-ie street is not revealed in any
available data, but the college circular
for 1849-5(1 announces the addition to
the staff of Dr. N. S. Davis and the plan
to establish a new hospital in which
"bedside clinical instruction" was to be
given. Thus eventuated, in 1850, the
(Continued on rage 3, Col. 2)
STORY OF BUILDINGS
REVEALS VISION AND
LOYALTY OF FACULTY
The first building erected especially
to house Rush Medical College was built
in the summer of 1844 at the southeast
corner of Indiana (now Grand Avenue)
and Dearborn streets. It cost $3,500.
This structure was rebuilt m 1855, at a
cost of $15,000., obtained by issue of
bonds mostly subscribed for by mem-
bers of the faculty. An addition was
built and other improvements made on
this building in 1867. This building
and practically all furnishings and equip-
ment were destroyed in the great fire of
1871.
Erection of a new permanent build-
ing was deferred until 1875, by which
time it was known that the new Cook
County Hospital would be located on
its present site, and a new Rush Med-
ical College building was erected diagon-
ally opposite at the corner of Harrison
and Wood streets.
Dr. J. P. Ross was chairman of the
building committee, other members of
which were Dr. Moses Gunn, who suc-
ceeded Dr. Brainard in the chair of sur-
gery; Dr. Joseph W. Freer, president of
the college; and Dr. E. L. Holmes. In
his dedicatory address on October 4,
1876, Dr. Ross stated that the total
cost of the building and site was
$54,000. of which $33,500. had been
contributed by regular members of the
faculty while $11,000 had been loaned
by Central Free Dispensary. A mem
orial tablet in Rush amphitheatre credits
Dr. Ross with having raised a large por-
tion of the funds required to erect this
building. Pending erection of the 1876
building, a rude temporary structure was
built on the grounds of the Cook
County Hospital, then located at 18th
and Arnold (now Wentworth avenue)
streets. Because this building extended
partially below the street, it was called
the "college under the sidewalk". It
cost less than $4,000. but housed the
college for four years.
In 1893 a five-story laboratory build-
ing was erected on Harrison street
across from the college building. Most
of the $80,000. required to erect this
building was contributed by members of
the faculty in memory of Dr. Brainard
and other early professors.
The Senn Memorial building was
built in 1903 at a cost of $127,000. of
which $75,000. was contributed by Dr.
Nicholas Senn, who had joined Rush
faculty in 1888 at the age of 44, and
became internationally famous as a sur-
geon, teacher of surgery, and author of
numerous textbooks and published
articles.
THE RAWSON MEMORIAL BUILDING
ILM h
ge faces Harrison st
cct at Wood street.
Frederick H. R.uvs
in in memory .,1 S. V
ght, with entrance tc
Central Free Dispensa
(Continued from Page 2)
Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes,
which later became Mercy Hospital,
and served as a clinical teaching center
until 1 859. At that time Dr. Davis and
others withdrew from Rush and estab-
lished a medical school which ultimate-
ly became Northwestern University
School of Medicine. These men took
the Mercy Hospital clinical service with
them. Dr. Brainard, Dr. Joseph Presley
Ross, Dr. G. K. Amerman and associates
now leased the City Hospital, which had
been established in 1854 to care for
cholera patients. Dr. DeLaskie Miller,
professor of obstetrics at Rush for 30
years, was one of the founders of thk-
hospital and its medical and surgical di-
rector. In 1856 a new building had
been erected at 18th and Arnold streets
at a cost of $75,000., but owing to a
conflict between the homeopathic and
regular divisions of the medical profes-
sion, the new building was unoccupied
until leased by the Rush group.
Other Clinical Centers
In 1863, this hospital was com
mandeered by the government for the
care of soldiers. The United States
Marine Hospital, which had been es
tablished in Chicago in 1852, was open
to Rush for clinical instruction, as it had
been since its establishment, and the
college dispensary afforded opportuni-
ties for clinical teaching as did also the
Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary, founded
by Dr. E. L. Holmes in 1858. Dr. W.
B. Herrick, who joined Rush faculty in
1844, was the first medical director of
the U.S. Marine Hospital. Other mem-
bers of Rush faculty held important
places on the staff of that hospital for
many years.
Following the civil war, Dr. Amer-
man and Dr. Ross were instrumental, as
members of the County Board, in hav-
ing Cook County take over the City
Hospital, which then became Cook
County Hospital and was thereafter
open to Rush for clinical teaching.
In 1867, a new chair on the college
faculty was created for Dr. J. P. Ross,
who, it was announced, would have "es-
pecial supervision of clinical instruc-
tion. 11 At that time the college dispens-
ary was known as the Charity Dispens-
ary, and Dr. Ross became its president.
Central Free Dispensary became the
out-patient clinical teaching center in
1873 and the Presbyterian Hospital was
founded in 1883. How these institu-
tions have worked with Rus'h faculty
through the years is related in separate
articles.
University Affiliations
Rush Medical College had a more or
less nominal affiliation with Lake Forest
University from 1S87 to 1S9S, when
affiliation with the University of Chi-
cago was brought about, largely through
the efforts of Dr. Edward L. Holmes,
who was president of the college at that
time. Final legal adoption by the Uni-
versity took place m 1 1 ->2 4, when assets
of the college became the property ol
the University.
OUR HOSPITAL HAS CARED FOR OVER 320,00]0
Opened Its Dcors 52 Years Ago
This Month— Affiliated With
Rush Medical College
The desire of Rush Medical College
for a hospital affording adequate oppor-
tunities and facilities for clinical instruc-
tion; the faith and vision of Dr. Joseph
Presley Ross, and the ready response
of public spirited Presbyterians of Chi-
cago were the factors which, 53 years
ago, brought into existence the Presby-
terian Hospital of the City of Chicago.
Dr. Ross had been an influential fig-
ure in medical activities of Chicago for
more than 20 years prior to 1880. His
leadership in important enterprises is re-
ferred to m several other articles m this
Bulletin. His part in the founding of
the Presbyterian Hospital may well be
termed the crowning achievement of a
life crowded with unselfish service to
his fellowmen.
Rush Initiates Project
Rush trustees and faculty voted in
1879 to establish a hospital and to raise
$15,000. for a hospital building. Sub-
sequently, Dr. Ross obtained a gift of
$10,000. from his father-in-law, Mr.
Tuthill King, who was a member of the
First Presbyterian Church, and set about
to enlist the interest of other Presbyter-
ians of means. Chicago at that time had
a population of 650,000, and only one
general hospital under Protestant religi-
ous management. This was St. Luke's
on the South Side. The West Side, on
which lived half of Chicago's growing
population, had no general hospital of
any kind except Cook County Hospital.
Only 1,749 beds were available in the
hospitals of the entire city. These were
some of the facts set forth by Dr. Ross
when he sent out, under date of July 2,
1883, letters to a number of prominent
Presbyterians, inviting them to join as
managers in establishing a Presbyterian
Hospital. With each letter was sent a
list of the men who were being invited
to serve and the draft of a proposed
constitution.
Charter Is Obtained
The response was prompt and grati-
fying. A charter was obtained on
July 21, 1883 and the first meeting of
the managers was held December 13,
1883. An agreement was reached with
the trustees and faculty of Rush by
., |,,, |, ,|,, m- .uid hospital building on
which $25,000. had been expended were
deeded on January 2, 1 884, to the Board
of Managers of Presbyterian Hospital
of the City of Chicago.
At that time it was agreed that the
hospital medical staff should be nomi
nated by the college faculty and that the
faculty would have sole charge ol elm
ical instruction given in the hospital.
ill lirr iv
11 ii lllfti i
THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
This picture shows front and partial side view of the
oss building, completed and opened in September,
384. Ii cosl J32.O00. and was located on Wood
reet midway between Congress and Harrison, adjacent
■ It. 1-1, M. 1,, .1 I ..11,..,-. It had .. capacity of 45 beds.
As a result of this agreement, the hos-
pital has had on its staff, throughout
the years, and will continue to have on
its staff, men and women outstanding in
the medical profession.
Dr. R. C. Hamill and Dr. D. W.
Graham, who like Dr. Ross were active
Presbyterians and members of Rush
faculty, had worked in close coopera-
tion with Dr. Ross in bringing the hos-
pital enterprise to this successful out-
come.
First Officers of Board
Officers of the first Board of Man
President Daniel K. Pearsons
Vice -preside ut —Charles M. Henderson
Treasurer George W. Hale
Corresponding Secretary - Cyrus H.
McCormick, Jr.
Recording Secretary William A.
Douglass
Now ensued a season of much activ-
ity m order that the building might be
completed, furnished and opened to pa
tients as soon as possible. The interest
of the church women was enlisted and
in May, 1884, formal organization of a
Ladies Aid Society was effected. The I
story of the Ladies Aid Society, which •
later became the Woman's Board of the !
hospital, is told briefly in a separate J
article.
Our First Medical Board
The hospital was opened in Septem- |
ber, 1884. Members of the first Med-
ical Board were: J. Adams Allen, R. C.
Hamill, Charles Gilman Smith, R. N.
Isham, R. G. Bogue, William H. Byford,
James H. Etheridge, H. P. Mernman,
Joseph P. Ross, H. M. Lyman, Norman |
Bridge, Moses Gunn, D. W. Graham, J
C. f. Parkes, E. W. Whitney, Edward 1
L. Holmes, Lyman Ware, DeLaskie |
Miller, J. Suydam Knox, James Nevins
Hyde, R. D. MacArthur, and John A. |
Robison.
The first intern was Dr. Lawrence H. I
Prince, still in active practice. Miss A. j
E. Steere was in charge as head nurse
and director of the hospital training 1
school for nurses. Dr. E. P. Davis was |
resident physician. Dr. French Moore-
was curator; James A. Stewart was pur-
veyor and Mrs. Stewart, matron.
Dr. Stehman Pioneers
Dr. Davis served as resident physician^ I
and medical superintendent until late in |
1885 when Dr. H. B. Stehman was ap- I
pointed medical superintendent. Dr.
Stehman continued m this capacity un-
til ill health forced his retirement m
1900. Under his wise direction the j
hospital was enlarged considerably and j
became firmly established. Much credit
is due Dr. Stehman for his capable and
persevering work in the interest of the
Presbyterian Hospital.
Has Had Ten Presidents
During its 53 years of history, the
Presbyterian Hospital has had as presi- I
dent of its Board of Managers, ten dif- j
ferent men, to whose splendid leader- j
ship much credit is due for the work :]
accomplished by the hospital. These
men and the years during which they
served in the office of president are as
follows:
1883
DANIEL K. PEARSONS
1884
SAMUEL M. MOORE
1885-1888
D K. PEARSONS
1889-1892
GEORGE M. BOGUE
1893-1898
REV. GEORGE L. WITHROW
1899-1900
D. K. PEARSONS
1901-1903
ERNEST A. HAMILL
1903-1905
EDGAR A. HILL
1906-192?
ALBERT M. DAY
1923-1928
FRANK S. SHAW
1928-1929
ROBERT McDOUGAL
19:0-19)6
ALFRED T. GARTON
Mr. Day retired as president in the
spring of 192 3 and was president em-
eritus^ until his death in 1933. Mr.
McDougal succeeded Mr. Shaw in
October, 1928.
{Continued on Page 5)
(Continued from Page 4)
Medical Board Presidents
Those who have served as presidents
of the Presbyterian Hospital Medical
Board are as follows:
1883-1889 DR. JOSEPH P. ROSS
1889-1898 OR. EDWARD L. HOLMES
1898-1901 DR. DAVID W. GRAHAM
1901-1903 DR. ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN
1903-1905 DR. WALTER S. HAINES
1905-1906 DR. F. C. HOTZ
1906-1908 DR. I. NEVINS HYDE
1908-1913 DR. lAMES B. HERRICK
1913-1916 DR. G. E. SHAMBAUGH, SR.
1917-1918 DR. ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN
1919 DR. BERTRAM SIPPY
1920-1924 DR. DEAN D. LEWIS
1925-1928 DR. ERNEST E. IRONS
1928-1936 DR. VERNON C. DAVID
Since that auspicious day 52 years ago
this month, when the Presbyterian Hos-
pital opened its doors, more than
320,000 patients have been cared for in
our hospital beds and a like number in
our examining and treatment rooms.
These patients were admitted regardless
of race, nationality or creed. Thousands
unable to pay have received free care or
paid only a part of the cost of care re-
ceived.
Much Given — More Needed
This ministry of service to the sick
and disabled has been made possible be-
cause scores of men and women have
given freely of their time as Managers
and as members of the Woman's Board;
through the generous service given by
members of the medical staff, and faith-
ful service on the part of hospital per-
sonnel. Many of these and thousands
of others have given of their means —
gifts ranging all the way from the pen-
nies of the Sunday School children to
sums reaching into thousands of dol-
lars — in order that the hospital might
have free beds and endowed nurses to
care for the needy, facilities for diag-
nosis and for medical and surgical care
of all patients, and beautifully appointed
private rooms for those able to pay for
such accommodations.
Much has been given and much has
been accomplished. Much more is need-
ed to enable the Presbyterian Hospital
to fulfill its part in the new program
now being inaugurated at Rush Medical
College; to provide improved facilities,
and continue our ministry to the sick on
a scale commensurate with the larger
opportunities now knocking at our
doors.
OUR PRESENT PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
WAR SERVICE RECORD
Service given by members of the
Presbyterian Hospital during the world
war embraced an overseas Hospital
Unit, No. 13 headed by Dr. Dean D.
Lewis and staffed by many of our most
valued doctors and nurses. Including
those on the Hospital Unit staff and
others who served in various capacities
overseas or in this country, the Presby-
terian Hospital service flag for 1917 had
78 stars, while the number was in-
creased to 160 in 1918.
This picture of our present hospital building gives an excellent view of the
private pavilion facing Congress street at Hermitage avenue (left). The main
entrance is seen at the right, near the corner of Congress and Wood streets.
The first hospital building completed
in September, 1884, was enlarged in
1887 by the addition of the Hamill
wing, built at a cost of $12,000. con-
tributed mainly by Dr. Ross and Mr.
Cyrus H. McCormick, Jr. in memory of
Dr. R. C. Hamill. It increased the
capacity to 85 beds.
The Daniel A. Jones Memorial build-
ing was completed and furnished in
1889 at a cost of $120,000. which in-
cluded a bequest left by Mr. Jones and
additional funds from the Jones estate.
The hospital now had 325 beds and was
considered the finest and most modern
west of the Alleghenies.
In 1908 the Private Pavilion wing
was added and a power house erected
at a cost of $300,000. The number of
beds was increased to 435.
The Jane Murdoch Memorial, com-
pleted in June, 1912, replaced the or-
iginal Ross and Hamill wings. It is set
apart principally for the use of women
and children and was made possible by
a gift of $175,000. from the late Thomas
Murdock.
Additions and improvements have
since been made in the Jones Memorial
and other buildings. The value of the
hospital buildings, the nurses' home,
sites and equipment as carried on our
books at the present time is $2,080,000.
Application For Charter
We, the undersigned, being citizens of the United States desiring to form a
Society, NOT FOR PECUNIARY PROFIT, pursuant to an act of the General
Assembly of Illinois, entitled "An Act concerning Corporations," approved, April 18,
1872, do hereby certify that the following is a true statement of the name, or
title, by which such society shall be known in law , the particular business and object
for which it is formed, the number of its managers, and the names of same selected
for the first year of its existence, viz:
1. The name by which this Society shall be known shall be The Presbyterian
Hospital of the City of Chicago.
2. The object of the Society is the establishment, support and management
of an institution for the purpose of affording surgical and medical aid and nursing
to sick and disabled persons of every NATIONALITY, CREED and COLOR.
3. The officers of this Society shall be under the direction of Board of twenty-
eight Managers.
4. The number of Managers of this Society shall be 28 after the first year
of its existence. The names of those selected for Managers for the first year are as
follows: Tuthill King, Daniel K. Pearsons, William Blair, Robert C. Hamill, John
H. Barrows, C. M. Henderson, John B. Drake, Nathan Corwith, Samuel M. Moore,
Henry W. King, W. H. Wells, Henry Waller, Henry M. Lyman, James ML Horton,
Willis G. Craig, Cyrus H. McCormick, Jacob Beidler, Joseph P. Ross.
Henry D. Dement,
July 21, 1883 Secretary of State
CENTRAL DISPENSARY HAVEN FOR NEEDY SICK
Million Patients Given Medical
Care in 69 Years — Is Teaching
Center for Rush College
Central Free Dispensary had its be-
ginning in Brainard Dispensary which
was founded in 1867 at 232 West Ran-
dolph street. At that time Rush Med-
ical College had its own dispensary
which was known as the Charity Dis-
pensary and had been in more or less
continuous existence since 1839 when
Dr. Blaney opened a dispensary in his
office>4Ti the Sherman House.
The Herrick Free Dispensary was es-
tablished by the Chicago Relief and
Aid Society following the great fire of
1871. It was located on Wright street
near 12th street. .
Both Herrick and Brainard Dispen-
saries received funds from the Relief
and Aid Society. When the two dis-
pensaries were combined in 1873 and
incorporated as the Central Free Dis-
pensary of West Chicago, a fund of
$5,000. belonging to Herrick Dispensary
and $4,000. belonging to Brainard Dis-
pensary were combined and additional
funds obtained so that Central Free Dis-
pensary had a fund of $1 1,000.
This fund of $11,000. was loaned to
Rush Medical College for 99 years, and
was applied to the cost of the new col-
lege building, completed in 1876. In
accordance with an agreement entered
into at that time Central Free Dispens-
ary became affiliated with Rush Medical
College as its clinical teaching center
and when the new building was com-
pleted, moved into quarters on the first
floor.
Now In Senn Building
When the Senn Building was com-
pleted in 1903, the Dispensary moved
into its present location at 1748 Harri-
son street.
The application for the charter which
was granted to "Central Free Dispen-
sary of West Chicago" on March 3,
1873, states that the corporation is not
for pecuniary profit and that "The ob-
jects for which said Corporation is
formed shall be to aid all persons who
are sick and unable to pay for medical
attendance; to diffuse vaccinations by
continuous and unwearied efforts and to
do this work efficiently at a very small
cost and with no pecuniary profit."
The first officers were:
President A. E. Bishop
Vice-president A. G. Throop
Secretary J. W. Farlin
Treasurer Dr. J. P. Ross
Incorporators, also designated as the
Board of Directors for the first year
were: A. E. Bishop, A. G. Throop,
John F. Eberhardt, John Crighton, E.
Ingals, S. P. Walker, P. W. Gates, J. P.
Ross, Chas. E. Chase, Hugh Templeton,
Samuel Hoard and Philip Adolphus.
Dr. J. P. Ross also was president of
the Medical Board, Dr. Norman Bridge
was vice-president, and Dr. E. F. Ingals
was secretary. The dispensary cared
for 11,733 patients that year.
Dr. Philip Adolphus was medical di-
rector and continued in that capacity
until 1902, when that office was abol-
ished and the work of the dispensary
was placed in charge of a committee of
Rush faculty men while the dispensary
staff consisted of a lay distributor, drug-
gist and two visiting physicians.
For many years Dr. John M. Dodson,
dean of Rush Medical College, and Mr.
James H. Harper, Registrar, managed
Central Free Dispensary. In 1915, Mr.
John Ransom was selected as superin-
tendent. At that time, Dr. James B.
Herrick was president of the Board of
Directors. Mr. Ransom remained until
1920. During his tenure, a social serv
ice department was organised which at
the present time consists of a director,
ten case workers, and five clerical as-
sistants.
Following Mr. Ransom, Mrs. Ger-
trude Howe Britten became superin-
tendent. Mrs. Britten retired in 1925
and was succeeded by Dr. George W.
Duvall who is superintendent at the
present time.
After the retirement of Dr. James B.
Herrick in 1922, Dr. George E. Sham-
baugh, Sr., served as president until his
retirement in 1933. At the present time,
Dr. Robert H. Herbst is president of the
Board of Directors.
One Million Patients
During the last ten years, new pa-
tients admitted and return visits have
increased greatly. More than 220,000
patients 1 visits were recorded in 1935.
Eighty per cent of this number could
not pay the admission fee of fifty cents.
They were accepted as free patients and
supplied with special service when
necessary in the diagnosis and treat-
ment of their physical disabilities.
While earlier records are incomplete,
available data reveals that Central Free
Dispensary and its predecessors, Brain-
ard and Herrick Dispensaries have given
medical care to at least one million dif-
ferent patients who have made a total
of at least 4,500,000 dispensary visits.
The dispensary is staffed entirely by
members of the faculty of Rush Medical
College, whose services are given with-
out charge to dispensary patients.
Through affiliation with the Presby-
terian Hospital, free beds are available
for dispensary patients in need of hos-
pital care insofar as the hospital is able
to furnish such beds.
RUSH MEN HAVE BEEN
LEADERS IN IMPORTANT
MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS
Members of Rush faculty have par-
ticipated actively in the founding of
practically every professional organiza-
tion of medical men, local, state and na-
tional, now in existence. Dr. N. S.
Davis is credited with having taken the
lead in bringing about the national con-
vention in 1846, which resulted m the
formation of the American Medical As-
sociation. Dr. Austin Flint, who lec-
tured at Rush in 1844-45, enunciated in
his introductory address to Rush stu-
dents many of the ethical doctrines
which later found a place in the code of
the A. M. A. Both Dr. Davis and Dr.
Flint filled the A. M. A. presidency in
later years while connected with other
institutions. Dr. Brainard was vice-
president of the A. M. A. in 1850 and
Dr. William H. Byford held the same
office m 1857.
Following is a list of American Med-
ical Association presidents, who were
members of Rush faculty either during
or preceding their elevation to that
office:
DR. N. S. DAVIS, 1864 and 1865
DR. AUSTIN FLINT, 1884
DR. NICHOLAS SENN, 1897
DR. FRANK BILLINGS, 1903
DR. IOHN B. MURPHY, 1911
DR. ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN, 1918
DR. DEAN D. LEWIS, 1933
Dr. Malcolm L. Harris of Chicago, a
Rush graduate, was A.M. A. president in
1929.
Rush men have held many other
offices in the A. M. A. and headed num-
erous specialized professional organiza-
tions. Dr. Herman L. Kretschmer is
treasurer of the A. M. A. at this time.
Dr. William B. Herrick, who joined
Rush faculty m 1844, helped organize
the Illinois State Medical Society in
1850 and was its first president. Other
Rush men have filled the presidency
and other offices in both the Illinois
and Chicago Medical Societies.
RUSH LIBRARY NOW HAS
OVER 30,000 VOLUMES
Rush Medical College Library is re-
yarded as one of the best medical li-
braries in the country. It was organized
in March, 1899, by the faculty, the
nucleus being a gift of 2 59 volumes
from the department of pathology.
Complete medical libraries of Dr. Jona-
than Adams Allen, Dr. Henry Lyman
and Dr. Christian Fenger have been
donated to the library, as have also
numerous smaller collections. The
library now houses more than 30,000
volumes. Miss Catherine A. MacAuliff
has been in charge as librarian since its
organization,
\
Mrs. D. W. Qraham, Charter Member in 1884,
Still Active on Woman's Board of Hospital
Mrs. David W. Graham is the only
surviving charter member of the Ladies
Aid Society which was formally or-
ganized in May, 1884. After 25 years
had elapsed, the Ladies Aid Society be-
came the Woman's Auxiliary Board and
is now known as the Woman's Board of
the Presbyterian Hospital. According
to Mrs. Graham, several meetings of
church women had been held earlier
that year and work in behalf of the
new hospital was well under way when
formal organization took place. Mrs.
Herrick Johnson, wife of a professor at
the Presbyterian Theological Seminary
was elected president at the meeting
held in May, 1SS4, but ill health made
it necessary for her to resign shortly,
and Mrs. D. C. Marquis, whose hus-
band also was on the Seminary faculty,
succeeded to the presidency which she
held for 1 1 years.
Furnished First Hospital
The Ladies Aid Society furnished
the first hospital, opened in September,
1884. Furnishings included all bed and
table linen, utensils used from kitchen
to operating room, screens, wheel chairs
and other articles. Membership on the
board of this society consisted of 76
women, representing 17 churches and
the Theological Seminary.
Have Raised #745,843.
The Woman's Board now has repre-
sentatives in 38 churches and a general
membership of interested women who
are not Presbyterians. From 1884 to
January 1, 1936, the women comprising
this useful organization have raised for
hospital purposes a total of $745,843,75.
Although this large sum has provided
hospital furnishings, free beds for chil-
dren, endowed nurses, a social service
department, and has met many other
hospital needs, it is only a part of the
story of the accomplishments of the
Woman's Board. Clothing has been
provided for needy patients, delicacies
have been donated for ward patients,
entertainments have been given for pa-
tients able to enjoy such diversion, and
'-ountWs other needs have been met
through donations and personal service
given by the women.
Those who have served as presidents
through the years are as follows:
1884-1895 MRS. D. C. MARQUIS
1895-1897 MRS. OCTAVIUS S. NEWELL
1897-1909 MRS. CHARLES D. HAMIl L
1909-1920 MRS. DAVID W. ORAHAM
1920-1928 MRS. PERKINS B. BASS
1928-1934 MRS. C. FREDERICK CHILDS
1934-1936 MRS. FREDERICK T. HASKELL
1936 MRS. CLYDE E. SHOREY
Mrs. D. W. Graham is still active as
honorary president. Her years of out-
standing service in behalf of the hospital
have been possible not only because of
her own capabilities and charming per-
sonality but because of her intimate un-
derstanding of hospital needs due to the
fact that her late husband was a mem-
ber of our first hospital staff and con-
tinued as a staff member and active
participant in hospital affairs through-
out his life. Dr. Graham was professor
of surgery at Rush Medical College for
many years and was regarded as a lead-
ing surgeon of Chicago.
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING AWARDED
MEDAL AT CONVENTION
Further evidence that the School of
Nursing of Presbyterian Hospital is
recognized as one of the foremost
schools of this kind m the country was
given in June of this year, when Miss
M. Helena McMillan, director of the
school and superintendent of nurses in
the hospital, was awarded the Walter
Burns Saunders medal for distinguished
service in the field of nursing education.
The award was made at the biennial
convention of the three national nurs-
ing organizations - The American
Nurses' Association, The National
League of Nursing Education and The
National Organization of Public Health
Nursing — held in Los Angeles. The
presentation was made by Miss Elnora
Thomson, director of nursing education
at the University of Oregon in Portland,
former president of the American
Nurses' Association and a graduate of
our school (class of 1909). Miss Mabel
M. Dunlap, Vice-president of the Amer-
ican Nurses' Association, another grad-
uate (1912), presided. Mrs. Alma H.
Scott, a graduate of 1907, now head-
quarters director of the American
Nurses' Association, had on hand the
roses presented to Miss McMillan by
the Board of Directors of the American
Nurses' Association.
School Opened in 1903
When the Presbyterian Hospital was
opened in September, 1884, a course for
nurses was inaugurated under the direc-
tion of Miss A. E. Steere, head nurse,
but was discontinued when Miss Steere
left to take charge of the Illinois Tram
ing School for Nurses, March 18, 1885.
At that time arrangements were made to
have the nursing care in the hospital
given under the direction of the Illinois
Training School, and with the excep-
tion of a second short interval when the
hospital had its own school, this plan
continued until 1903, when our present
School of Nursing was organized with
Miss M. Helena McMillan as director.
DR. J. A. ROBISON HAS
BEEN ON MEDICAL STAFF
SINCE HOSPITAL OPENED
Of all the loyal friends who served
on the first Board of Managers and first
Medical Board, many of whom con-
tinued to give active service for many
years, all but one have passed to their
reward.
Dr. John A. Robison, now a consult-
ing physician, was on our first staff as
attending physician for diseases of the
throat. Dr. Robison not only has been
a valued member of our medical staff
from the beginning, but also was a mem-
ber of the Board of Managers and its
assistant secretary from 1885 to 1907.
He was secretary of the Medical Board
from 1886 to 1908. Dr. Robison was a
member of Rush faculty for 21 years
and has filled many important profes-
sional positions including that of presi-
dent of the State Board of Health.
Ranking second to Dr. Robison in
number of years as a member of our
medical staff is Dr. James B. Herrick,
who joined the staff in 1891, as assist-
ant attending physician for diseases of
the throat. He became an attending
physician in 1896 and has been consult-
ing physician since 1919. He filled at
different times the offices of president
and vice-president of our medical board.
Dr. Herrick was professor of medicine
at Rush Medical college for many years
and is now professor emeritus. He also
was identified actively with Central Free
Dispensary for many years.
The third oldest staff member m point
of years of service is Dr. Arthur Dean
Bevan who joined our staff in 1892 and
became head of the surgical staff m
1894. Dr. Bevan is widely known as a
surgeon, teacher of surgery at Rush
Medical College and author of text-
books on surgery and anatomy. He is
now an attending surgeon on the Pres-
byterian Hospital staff and the Nicholas
Senn Clinical Professor of Surgery at
Rush.
William A. Douglass, first secretary
of the Board of Managers, continued in
this capacity until his death m 1935.
His son, Kingman Douglass, is now
secretary of the Board of Managers.
His widow is chairman of the child's
free bed committee of the Woman's
Board, and his daughter. Mrs. Clyde E.
Shorey, is president of the Woman's
Board.
CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE
Rush Medical College will celebrate
m 1937 the 100th anniversary of the
granting ot Us charter Dr. Robert H
Herbst is chairman of the Centennial
Committee named by the Alumni Asso-
ciation.
AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASS'N
WILL HOLD 38th ANNUAL
MEETING IN CLEVELAND
The 38th annual convention of the
American Hospital Association will be
held in Cleveland, starting September
28 and culminating in the observance
of American Hospital Day on October
2. Newton D. Baker, former Secretary
of War, will be the guest speaker at
the annual banquet on Wednesday eve-
ning, September 30. Among the topics
to be discussed will be the new social
security legislation, hospital councils and
group hospitalization plans, and im-
proved hospital buildings and equip-
ment. Technical and educational ex-
hibits, and numerous demonstrations
will be features of the convention.
On American Hospital Day, the
Great Lakes Exposition now being held
in Cleveland, will be the scene of a
special hospital program. The object
of the American Hospital Association as
stated in its constitution is:
"The object of this Association shall
be to promote the welfare of the people
so far as it may be done by the institu-
tion, care, and management of hospitals
and dispensaries with efficiency and
economy; to aid in procuring the co-
operation of all organizations with aims
and objects similar to those of this As-
sociation; and in general to do all things
which may best promote hospital effi-
ciency."
It has a total membership of 4,362.
TAG DAY IS OCTOBER 5
Tag Day for the Children's Benefit
League will be observed in Chicago and
suburbs Monday, October 5. The Wo-
man's Board will have taggers at the
following places:
Entrance to hospital.
Marshficld Elevated Station.
Boston Store block— State and Dearborn.
W.-st Side of 1.., Salle street at Adams and
Quincy streets.
Argyle Street Elevated Station.
Madison street at Western Avenue, N.E. corner.
Madison street at K den Avenue, N.W. corner.
Western Electric Company's entrance.
Lake Forest.
As the money collected by our hos-
pital taggers comes direct to the hospital
and is used for the free work done for
the children, we shall appreciate it if
all those who contribute to the tag day
boxes would try and buy their tag from
hospital taggers.
The first meeting of the Woman's
Board following the summer vacation
also will take place on October 5.
Steraribt . llrrljUu*
Miss Assunda A. Bcrardi, graduate of
our School of Nursing, (1930) and
head of our Special Service Department
for five years, was married to Henry P.
Prehler on July 3. Her place is being
filled by Miss Ruth Smith, also a grad-
uate of our School of Nursing (1931).
Sr. Hilliam £, luhrman
1B 1 JT - 133G
Dr. William L. Buhrman, pediatrician
on our staff, died suddenly on June, 11,
1936 at his home, 7427 South Shore
drive. Dr. Buhrman was born in Nash-
ville, Tenn. and was 39 years old. He
was graduated from the University of
Illinois College of Medicine in 1922 and
in addition to being on the staffs of the
Presbyterian and Children's Memorial
Hospitals was clinical instructors in ped-
iatrics at Rush Medical College.
Sr. (Sparge A. alarnaan
1065 - 1U3G
Dr. George A. Torrison died in the
Presbyterian Hospital, June 20, 1936, of
complications resulting from injuries re-
ceived when he was struck by a taxicab
last October. Dr. Torrison was born in
Manitowoc, Wis., March 23, 1865. He
was graduated from the college of physi-
cians and surgeons at Columbia Uni-
versity in 1889 and came to Chicago in
1891. He was an outstanding laryn-
gologist and otologist of Chicago for 45
years, was a member of the staffs of
Presbyterian, Lutheran Deaconess and
Lutheran Memorial Hospitals and pro-
fessor of otology and laryngology at
Rush Medical College.
iHrii. (JOlinpr GPnmihtj
Mrs. Oliver Ormsby, wife of Dr.
Ormsby, attending dermatologist on the
Presbyterian Hospital staff, died June
8, 1936 at her home, 290 Forest avenue,
Wmnetka.
HOW YOU CAN HELP
The charity work of the Presbyterian
Hospital is made possible through gifts
from those who wish to share in this
ministry to the sick.
$50,000 entitles the donor to name a
twelve-bed ward, which shall remain
as a perpetual memorial to the donor,
or any other individual he wishes.
$20,000 carries the same privilege for a
four- or six-bed ward.
$10,000 entitles the donor to designate
a room in the Private Pavilion which
shall be named its desired by the
donor and remain as a perpetual mem
orial.
$35,000 endows a graduate nurse to
care for seriously ill patients in the
wards.
$7,500 designates a bed in perpetuity.
$5,000 designates a bed during one life.
$5,000 designates a bed m the Chil-
dren's Ward in perpetuity.
$300 annually designates a bed in the
general wards.
$100 or more constitutes the donor a
life member of the institution.
A yearly donation of $10 constitutes an
annual member.
FIVE PRESIDENTS AND
FOUR DEANS HEAD RUSH
FACULTY IN 93 YEARS
The second annual circular of Rush
Medical College issued for 1844-45 lists
Dr. Brainard as "President and Profes-
sor of Surgery". He continued to serve I
as president of the college and professor
of surgery until his death in 1866.
From 1866 until 1898, Rush had four
presidents, as follows:
1866-1871 Dr. fames Van Zandt Blaney
1871-1877 Dr. Joseph W. Freer
1877-1890 Dr. Jonathan Adams Allen
1890-1898 Dr. Edward L. Holmes
Following affiliation with the Uni-
versity of Chicago in 1898, the college
faculty was headed by a dean. Those ,
holding this office have been as follows: |
1898-1900 Senior Dean. Dr. Henrv M. Lyman;
Junior Dean, Dr. John M. Dodson
1900-1923 Dean of Faculty, Dr. Frank M. Bill-
ings; Dean of Students, Dr. John M.
Dodson
1923-1924 Acting Dean, Dr. Ernest E. Irons
1924-June 1936 Dr. Irons served as dean of
Rush, which became an integral part
of the University of Chicago in 1924.
July 1, 1936 Dr. Emmet B. Bay was appointed
dean of the West Side section of the
combined medical schools of the Un:
versity of Chicago.
COMPILED BY EDITOR
Historical articles and data in this
Bulletin were written by Mrs. Florence
S. Hyde, Editor of the Presbyterian
Hospital Bulletin, whose sources of in-
formation were Rush College announce-"
ments, annual reports of various institu-
tions and numerous books found in
Rush College and John Crerar Libraries.
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
ITS) West Congress Street Chicago, Illinois
Telephone: Seeley 7171
OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
OFFICERS:
ALFRED T. CARTON PresidttM
IKIRAt r W. ARMSTRONG Vice-President
CHARLES B. GOODSPEED Vice-President
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOUGLASS Secretary
FRED S. BOOTH Asst. Secretary
A. J. WILSON Asst. Secretary
OTHER MANAGERS:
Arthur G. Cable John McKinlav
Albert B. Dick, Jr. Frkd a. Poor
John B. Drake Theodore A. Shaw
ALBERT D. FARWELL ^ij^rs J IM0THY
James B. Forgan, Jr. r Doug J v j Stuart
Alfred e. Hamill Robert Stevenson
Charles H. Hamill j. hali Taylor
Edward d. McDougal Ioiin p Welling
CLERICAL MANAGERS
Rev. Harrison Ray Anderson, D.D:
rev. Haroi d L.Bowman, D.D.
Rev. Henry S. Brown, d.d.
rev. W. Ci yde Howard, D.D.
ADMINISTRATION:
ASA S. BACON SufcrtntondeM
HERMAN HENSEL Asst. Superintendent
M. HELENA McMII.I.AN Direcinr, School of h'urjini
The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of
Chicago is an Illinois not-for-profit corpora'
tion, organised July 21, 1883, for the purpose
of affording surgical and medical aid, and
nursing, to sick and disabled persons of every
creed, nationality, and color. Its medical staff
is appointed from the faculty of Rush Medical
College of the University of Chicago.
The Board of Managers call attention to
the need of gifts and bequests fr ->dow-
ment and for the general purpr the
hospital,
The Presliytefliatfi fl-tospftta
trie Glty <yy Gkicago
BULLETEN
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, 111.
October, 1936
No. 91
X-RAY VALUABLE
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASE
Used With Success in Treatment
of Varied Ailments — Radium
Boon To Many
By Cassie Belle Rose
Quite by accident, and in the course
of other scientific research, William
Konrad Roentgen, a professor of phys-
ics in Germany, discovered X-ray forty-
one years ago. In his laboratory a
loaded photographic plate holder had
been placed under a thick book in
which was an old iron door key which
served as a book mark. When the
plate was developed the key was shown
clearly. Professor Roentgen, a keen
observer, at once searched for the
cause of this unusual picture. He found
that this photographic effect was pro-
duced when an electric current was
passed through the glass bulb, called a
Crooke's tube, with which he had
been experimenting. It occurred even
though the tube was carefully wrapped
in black paper. Hence, Roentgen be-
lieved it was due to "an invisible light"
or a "new kind of ray", which he
called X-ray because of its unknown
character, and which we often call
Roentgen-ray in his honor.
Discovery Startles World
Other experimental photographs fol-
lowed. A picture of a leather pocket-
book containing scissors and several
coins showed the scissors and coins
plainly, while the purse was scarcely
visible. A picture of a hand showed
bones clearly and flesh faintly. Thus
Professor Roentgen learned that dense
objects, or those opaque to X-ray,
could be photographed easily, while
those not opaque to X-ray photograph-
ed only slightly or not at all.
Roentgen's discovery startled the
world. The news flashed to America
and every laboratory from Edison's
down to that of the high school boy,
set about trying to produce X-rays.
(Continued on Page 3)
X-RAY STAFF IN BIPLANE ROOM
Members of the X-ray staff of the Presbyterian Hospital and Rush Medical College are
shown grouped around the biplane X-ray fluoroscope machine, which affords views through the
body m two directions at the same time. Dr. Cassie Belle Rose, head of the department, is
standing at extreme right with her hands resting on one of the fluoroscopic screens. The other
screen is shown in a horizontal position over the operating table. The two screens are adjusted
in different positions and at various angles to guide operative work as explained on page 2.
Dr. F. H. Squire, medical assistant, is standing next to Dr. Rose. Others in the picture, left to
right, are: Harry X. Smith, technician; Dr. I. A. Wiles, intern; Chris Jordan, technician; Miss
Jessie MacLean, record secretary; Miss Mabel Walsh, technician; Olaf Foss, dark room tech-
nician; Miss Gretchen White, X-ray therapy technician; Harry Bergman, orderly and film file
clerk; Mrs. Helen Lyon, reception secretary; Mrs. Mabel Brewer, secretary.
GRADUATION EXERCISES
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING
TO TAKE PLACE OCT. 27
Twenty-seven young women will re-
ceive graduate nurse diplomas from the
Presbyterian Hospital School of Nurs-
ing at graduation exercises to be held
in Sprague Home, Oct. 27 at 3 P. M.
Rev. William Chalmers Covert, D.D.
LL.D., of Philadelphia, will deliver the
address.
Baccalaureate services will be held in
the hospital chapel, Sunday evening,
Oct. 25, at eight o'clock. The sermon
will be by Dr. John Timothy Stone,
president of the Presbyterian Theolog-
ical Seminary.
M
6, 1936
Castell-\4cQrath
Mildred E. Castell and Dr. W
m M. McGrath were married, Sc
The bride was gra
School of Nursing
served as a highly t
se on the lower secoi
ispital. Dr. McGra
D. degree from Ru
of the University
He served his inter
pita! and was reside
October 15, 193?
i, following which i
tant physician, and
d younger men on o
staff.
tern he
uated from our
193 2 and had
ficient head inn
floor of the h
received his M.
Medical Colleg*
Chicago in 103 3
ship in our hoi
physician from
January 1, 103
became an assii
one of the vahu
hospital medical
INTERNAL ORGANS VIEWED BY FLUOROSCOPY
Biplane Machine Guides Surgeon
in Removing Foreign Bodies
and Setting Fractures
By F. H. Squire, M. D.
William Konrad Roentgen discov-
ered, early in his experimental work,
that X-rays would cause a cardboard
screen covered with metallic salts such
as barium platinocyanide to become bril-
liantly illuminated. He found that sub-
stance, placed between the X-ray tube
and this screen, cast shadows on the
screen. This was the beginning of
fluoroscopy.
Soon medical men were using X-rays
to outline tissues of the body, and, with
experience they came to differentiate
between normal and various pathologi-
cal changes in the body. In this work
both films, which gave still pictures,
and fluoroscopy, which allowed visual-
ization of moving substance were used.
Fluoroscopy is used most extensively
in the study of the chest and gastro-
intestinal tract. In these examinations,
the size, shape and action of the heart
and lungs can be ascertained. Any dev-
iation from normal can be detected by
a change in size, shape or density. The
experienced roentgenologist interprets
these changes as revealing the presence
of heart disease, tuberculosis or other
pathological conditions arising in these
organs.
View Action of Organs
Many organs of the body have a sim-
ilar density, and for this reason do not
cast shadows which can be differen-
tiated from each other. However, or-
gans that are hollow may be filled with
a harmless metal, such as barium sul-
phate. This metal stops X-rays so that
the contour and lining of the cavity can
be studied as a silhouette. In studying
the gastro-intestinal tract, the patient is
observed while he drinks barium sul-
phate. The esophagus, stomach, and
small intestine are studied in turn as
the barium passes into these organs.
The position, outline, lining and action
of the organs can be accurately deter-
mined from the moving silhouette pro-
jected on the fluoroscopic screen. By
this study, strictures, ulcers, tumors,
foreign bodies and other pathological
conditions within the organs may be
recognized. Examination of the large
bowel is a similar procedure, except
that barium is injected into the bowel
as an enema.
The great value of fluoroscopic work
is that we arc able to watch the normal
movements of the organs over a period
of time, from many different angles,
and thus can recognize minute changes
and locate small lesions which may be
missed on a single film. Films are then
taken of the organs to confirm fluoro-
scopic findings and to form permanent
records for future study and compari-
son.
Another important branch of fluoro-
scopy deals with the reducing or "set-
ting" of fractures and the removal of
foreign material, especially metallic,
which has entered the body. For this
work, two fluoroscopes have been erect-
ed in the same room, making it possible
to look through the body in two direc-
tions at the same time. This room is
equipped with a special ventilating and
lighting system so that it can be used
as an operating room. All switches are
covered and all equipment is construct-
ed so that anesthetics may be adminis-
tered with complete safety. The lights
are diminished in such a manner that
one may see the image on the fluoro-
scopic screen but are brght enough so
that operative work can be carried on
with precision.
This biplane fluoroscopic equipment
was the first of its kind to be installed
in a Chicago hospital and was the gift
of the late Mrs. James A. Patten. In
this room, fractures can be accurately
reduced while a visual image of the
fragments guides the work of the sur-
geon.
Removing Foreign Bodies
However, the most important use of
the biplane fluoroscope is the removal
of foreign bodies, such as safety pins,
needles, screws, bridges, teeth, and so
forth. It is especially valuable in the
removal of foreign bodies from the
lungs. By watching in two planes, the
bronchoscope can be directed so that
the operating surgeon can approach a
foreign body with ease and can accur-
ately carry out its removal. This usual-
ly is done with very little damage to
the lung tissues because definite visual-
ization of this procedure enables the
surgeon to draw the sharp point with-
in the bronchoscope before removal.
The time required for this procedure
has been markedly diminished and for-
eign bodies can be removed at the first
examination. Before the biplane fluoro-
scope was available this operative pro-
cedure was frequently very long and
in many instances had to be repeated at
later dates because of failures. For these
reasons one can readily understand the
important place that this machine oc-
cupies in decreasing human suffering
and the saving of lives.
WM. and E. T. BLAIR GAVE
OUR HOSPITAL ITS FIRST
X-RAY "OUTFIT" IN 1898
ITEMS FOR BULLETIN
Items for the Presbyterian
Hospital Bulletin should be
sent to Mrs. Florence S. Hyde,
Editor, in care of the Super-
intendent's office.
Within three years after the discov-
ery of the Roentgen-ray, the Presby-
terian Hospital installed what was then
termed an "X-ray outfit." Ours was the
second hospital in Chicago to offer the
benefits of the new discovery to its pa-
tients. This "outfit" purchased in 1898
was the gift of William and Edward T.
Blair. It cost $438.33.
Dr. Joseph S. Smith was the first
head of the new department, continu-
ing until 1906. He was familiarly
known as "X-ray Smith" because of his
devoted interest in the development of
this new branch of medical science.
In striking contrast to that first small
"X-ray outfit" is our present X-ray de-
partment, representing an investment of
many thousands of dollars. There are
six rooms, equipped to take X-ray films
of different parts of the body and for
fluoroscopic work; a portable machine
for taking bedside pictures when neces-
sary; and an X-ray therapy department
in which was installed a year ago the
latest type of equipment for the treat-
ment of disease by Roentgen-ray. There
are two treatment rooms, waiting room, -
office and control rooms in this depart-
ment.
All equipment in our X-ray depart-
ment complies with safety requirements,
including those of the fire underwriters.
Non-flammable films are used exclusive-
ly. All films of patients kept on hand
for record purposes and future refer-
ence are stored in a fire-proof vault
with outside ventilation.
Dr. Rose Heads Department
Dr. Cassie Belle Rose has been in ac-
tive charge of the department since
1922, and had been a member of our
X-ray staff for five years prior to that
date. Dr. Rose also heads the depart-
ment of radiology in Rush Medical Col-
lege, from which she obtained her
M. D. degree in 1914. Her Rush faculty
title is that of associate clinical profes-
sor of surgery (radiology). In 1934,
Dr. Rose became a diplomate of the
American Board of Radiology. She is
the author of 13 articles on subjects
pertaining to X-ray, published in pro-
fessional journals.
Dr. F. H. Squire, medical assistant in
the department, received his M. D. de-
gree from the University of Iowa
School of Medicine and, just prior to
joining our staff in 1929, completed a
three-year fellowship in radiology at the
Mayo Clinic in Rochester. He is assist-
ant clinical professor of surgery (radi-
ology) in Rush College.
(Continued from Page 1)
Since then, many improvements have
been made, both in tubes and equip-
ment, so that now an X-ray film may be
taken in a split second, instead of the
long exposure of an hour or more that
was formerly required.
An X-ray film is similar to a kodak
film and is developed in the same way.
Prints can be made from an X-ray
negative as from a kodak negative, but
usually the X-ray negative itself is
studied as an aid to diagnosis. By
holding the X-ray film (negative) to
the light outlines and shadows on it
are clearly visible.
Diagnose Shadows on Film
In order to diagnose a film, it is im-
portant to be familiar with the normal.
Different diseases make different shad-
ows on the film, and it is the business
of the roentgenologist to know what is
indicated by these variations from the
normal shadow.
X-ray helps greatly in the diagnosis
of broken bones. Films show the sever-
ity of the break, and the position of
the various pieces of the bone both
before and after setting the fracture.
Subsequent films show the progress in
healing and the return of the bone to
normal. Diseases of bone, such as
tumors, infections, tuberculosis, arth-
ritis, rickets, scurvy, and many others,
show characteristic changes on the X-
ray film.
Reveals Lung Tuberculosis
Lung tuberculosis can be diagnosed
with certainty earlier with the aid of
X-ray films of the chest than by any
other means, and this is often the only
means of diagnosis. The greatest hope
for cure of this insidious disease lies
in its early recognition. Hence, X-ray
has been an important factor in reduc-
ing the tuberculosis death rate.
Many large industries, and other
places where people work in large
groups, now have chest films made of
each employee. Chest films are made of
all in-coming nurses and interns of the
Presbyterian Hospital, and all students
of Rush Medical College. Many health
authorities predict that the time is near
when X-ray chest films will be included
in a medical examination of all pupils
in our public schools. Chest films also
help greatly in diagnosis of many
other diseases of the lungs and of the
heart.
" X-ray films of the sinuses and teeth
are useful adjuncts in the study of dis-
ease.
Abdomen Difficult Field
Since the information obtainable
from X-ray films depends upon varia-
tions in density of the object rayed, the
abdomen, because of its almost uniform
density, is a difficult field for X-ray
study. Kidney stones, hard gall stones
X-RAY FILMS TAKEN IN
1935 TOTALLED 20,715
During 1935, the total number
of films taken in the Presbyterian
Hospital X-ray department was
20,715. Gastro-intestinal fluoro-
scopies numbered 3,251. A chest
fluoroscopy is routinely done on
all patients coming for a gastro-
intestinal fluoroscopy, and on most
patients coming for heart or lung
examinations.
X-ray therapy treatments total-
led 3,829 of which 2,402 were
given to hospital patients, while
1,427 were given to patients of
Central Free Dispensary.
Ninety-four patients received
radium treatment, 82,404 milli-
gram hours of radium having been
used.
The total number of patients
cared for in different branches of
our X-ray department was 14,559
of whom 10,730 were referred
through the hospital, and 3,829
were referred by the dispensary.
and similar dense structures, tend to
impede the passage of X-rays and
therefore cast white "shadows of in-
creased density" on the film. Con-
versely, air in the stomach and bowel
and similar areas of lessened density,
expedite the passage of the rays and
cast black "shadows of decreased dens-
ity" on the film. By filling the hollow
organs of the abdomen with a substance
more opaque to X-ray than the sur-
rounding tissues, a silhouette of the
cavity may be reproduced on the X-ray
film.
In 1924, Dr. Evarts Graham of St.
Louis, son of Mrs. D. W. Graham,
honorary president of the Woman's
Board of our hospital, developed a
chemical compound which, if injected
into the patient's vein, is carried by the
blood stream into the gall bladder. This
compound, being X-ray-opaque, casts a
shadow of the gall bladder on the film.
Study of this shadow makes it possible
to determine whether the gall bladder
is functioning normally and if gall
stones are present, usually reveals them.
More recently a new compound has
been developed which can be given by
mouth.
For Kidney Diagnosis
For many years it has been possible
to visualise the kidneys, ureters and
bladder by injecting a contrast medium
through small tubes which are inserted
into the lower urinary tract. In 1930,
a chemical substance was developed
which can be injected into the patient's
vein, to be later execreted by the kid-
neys. This substance fills the cavity of
each kidney, and casts a shadow on
the X-ray film. In addition to showing
changes which may have occurred in
the size and shape of these cavities, the
kidney function is indicated by the
rapidity of the filling and emptying as
shown on a series of films.
Radiation Therapy
In addition to the diagnosis of dis-
ease, the X-ray department is often
called upon to help in the treatment of
certain diseases. This is done by
means of radiation derived from an X-
ray tube and is called X-ray therapy;
or, from radium, called radium therapy.
The Presbyterian Hospital owns 205
milligrams of radium, which cost $15,-
000 and is in charge of the X-ray de-
partment. A year ago, our X-ray
therapy department was greatly en-
larged, and a new 200,000 volt, con-
stant potential machine was installed.
Results Are Beneficial
It may be of interest to state that
more than 50 per cent of the patients
who come for radiation therapy do not
have cancer or a malignancy of any
kind, but rather a benign lesion which
can be helped and, usually cured, by
X-ray or radium. It is true that can-
cers are treated by radiation, often with
great success. This is particularly true
of skin cancers. In nearly all cases the
patient's life is prolonged in comfort,
even in those unfortunate cases where
the cancer is too far advanced for a
cure. Early diagnosis and treatment
give the best chance of cure.
In every instance, however, the X-
ray or radium must be carefully applied
and in the proper dosage. It should
always be given under the supervision
of one well trained in this field. With
constantly advancing knowledge of ra-
diation therapy, better results are ob-
tainable and real progress is being made
in the fight against this dread disease.
Students Are Taught
Since ours is a teaching hospital, con-
nected with a great medical school, the
teaching of roentgenology is one of the
important functions of staff of the X-
ray department. Lectures and confer-
ences are given by Dr. Rose and Dr.
Squire, not only for the medical stu-
dents, but also for the resident staff of
the hospital. One might say that it is
a teaching institution for the attending
staff, as well, because every doctor sees
the films of his own patients, and fre-
quently those of other patients, and
discusses them with the roentgenolo
gists, much to the advantage of all,
particularly the patients.
Frequently, in these consultations
over X-ray films, the little reference
library, close at hand is gratefully used.
It was the gift of the late Miss Jessie
Breese, formerly head of the hospital
Social Service department.
Program For Administrators' Institute Has
Series of Demonstrations in Our Hospital
MANY NEEDY FAMILIES
LACK WARM CLOTHING
The Presbyterian Hospital was the
scene of a number of demonstrations
embraced in the program of an Insti-
tute for Hospital Administrators con-
ducted by the American Hospital Asso-
ciation, September 9 to 23. Seminars
with lectures and round table discus-
sions, held at the University of Chicago,
were supplemented by visits and demon-
strations at a number of hospitals.
Registrants numbering 103 came from
30 different states, Canada, Hawaii and
Nova Scotia.
Topics covered in the demonstrations
held at our hospital were as follows:
Sept. 10 — Patients' Library Service,
Miss Selma Lindem, librarian; Occu-
pational Therapy, Miss Winifred Brain-
erd, director; Woman's Board, Mrs.
Clyde E. Shorey, president.
Sept. 17 — Business Management, Mr.
Frank C. Gabriel, accountant; Central-
ized Food Service, Miss Beulah Hun-
sicker, dietitian; Pediatrics, Dr. Clifford
G. Grulee, attending pediatrician.
Sept. 21 — Anesthesia, Dr. Mary
Lyons, anesthetist; Medical Records,
Miss Marge Clay, record room; Air
Conditioning in Hospitals, Mr. Asa S.
Bacon, superintendent.
ATTEND CONVENTIONS
Members of our executive staff who
attended the 38th annual convention of
the American Hospital Association
were: Mr. Asa S. Bacon, superinten-
dent; Mr. Herman Hensel, assistant su-
perintendent; Miss Selma Lindem,
librarian, and Miss Winifred Brainerd,
Occupational Therapy director. The
convention was held in Cleveland, Sept.
28 — Oct. 2 and was attended by over
3,000 delegates. Mr. Bacon was re-
elected treasurer, an office which he has
held since 1906. He also was named
chairman of the Membership Commit-
tee and a member of the committee on
Arrangements of the Institute for Hos-
pital Administrators, and the commit-
tee on Membership Structure and Asso-
ciation Relation. Mr. Hensel gave an
address before the hospital library sec-
tion on "Benefits and Costs of Hospital
Library Service."
Mr. William Gray, our hospital
pharmacist, attended the convention of
the American Pharmaceutical Associa-
tion at Dallas, Texas, Aug. 25, 26 and
27.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
The fall term opened Oct. 1, with 30
new students admitted. This is the
first class to enter our School of Nurs-
ing under the new requirement that
each entrant have at least two years
of college work beyond high school.
On Oct. 22, at the Blackstone hotel,
the Alumnae luncheon will take place
at noon, and in the same hotel that
evening, the Alumnae dance will be
given with members of the 1936 class
as guests. Members of the graduating
class will be entertained at dinner in
Sprague Home on the evening of Oct.
23.
Dr. H. S. Stalker, assistant superin-
tendent of (In- Vancouver ( reneral Hos-
pital was a recent visitor at our hos-
pital, while in Chicago for the purpose
of gathering information on hospital
administration.
(Sari #l?ilip laurr
1S9B - i33B
On September 19, Carl Philip Bauer,
assistant professor of obstetrics and
gynecology at Rush Medical College
and assistant attending obstetrician and
gynecologist at the Presbyterian Hospi-
tal, passed away unexpectedly. Though
not feeling well the last morning of his
life he nevertheless went to the hospital
and did his full morning of exacting
work. Death came to him quite sud-
denly in the evening. Thus passed a
rare spirit. He was only 40 years old.
Dr. Bauer received his bachleor's de-
gree from Lake Forest College and his
M.D. degree from Rush. His intern-
ship was served in Los Angeles County
Hospital. He never spared himself and
continually measured his efforts with an
exacting rule. He was learned in his
specialty, clever in the execution of his
work, was frankly honest and above-
board at all times, was outspoken in his
opinions, and conscientious to the ex-
treme. He hated palaver, pussy-foot-
ing and deceitful diplomacy. He met
difficult situations squarely and was al-
ways dependable in any emergency. Iiis
loss will always be felt, for his like is
not replacable. His students will never
have a finer example of a meritorious
obstetrician and a skillful gynecologist.
In his work as director of the Out-
Patient Obstetrical Department for the
last five years. Dr. Bauer maintained
the same high standards which char-
acterized all of his work.
Dr. Bauer married Anne Mossbcck,
a graduate of the Presbyterian Hospital
School of Nursing. Their one child is
a girl, now two years old.
N. Sproat Heaney
HHrfl. ^iilurntrr Itftsljrr
Mrs. Sylvester Fisher, died in Los
Angeles, August 2 2, 1936. Mrs. Fisher
represented the Woodlawn Presbyter-
ian Church on our Woman's Board for
a number of years. She had made her
home in California for the past several
years.
Many needy families who are
brought in touch with our hospital be-
cause of illness are greatly in need of
warm clothing and shoes as winter ap-
proaches, Miss Karla Jorgensen, Social
Service, told members of the Woman's
Board at the first meeting of the fall
season, held Oct. 5 in the hospital
chapel. Demands for assistance of vari-
ous kinds have greatly increased be-
cause of the greatly restricted public re-
lief program. Miss Jorgensen also gave
a report of the National Conference of
Social Work which she attended in
June.
Miss Selma Lindem, librarian, re-
ported that 7,607 books were circulated
among 1,268 different patients during
the summer months. She also gave a
report of her participation in the library
round table sessions at the recent con-
vention of the American Hospital Asso-
ciation.
It was announced that the Thanks-
giving offering in the churches will be
taken as usual, and that funds will be
used for various purposes, which may
be designated by church groups if de-
sired.
Board members were informed of the
birth of a son to Dr. and Mrs. John
Timothy Stone m the Presbyterian Hos-
pital, October 3.
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
Telephone: Seeley 7171
OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
OFFICERS:
ALFRED T. CARTON President
HORACE W. ARMSTRONG Vice-President
CHARLES B. GOODSPEED Vice-President
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOUGLASS Secretary
FRF.D S. BOOTH Asst. Secretary
A. J. WILSON Asst. Secretary
OTHER MANAGERS.
Arthur G. Cable John McKixlay
albert B. Dick, Jr. Fred a - Poor
JOHN B. DRAKE THEODORE A. SHAW
_ „ _ Rev. John Timothy
ALBERT D. FARWELL STONE, D.D.
James B. Forgan, Jr. r D ouglas s tuart
Alfred E. Hamill Robert Stevenson
Charles H. Hamill j. Hall Taylor
Edward D. McDougai. John P. Welling
jr. Edward F. Wilson
CLERICAL MANAGERS:
REV. Harrison Rav Anderson, D.D:
REV. Harold L.BOWMAN, D.D.
Rev. HENRT S. Brown, D.D.
Rev. W. Clyde Howard, D.D.
ADMINISTRATION:
ASA S. BACON Superintendent
HERMAN HENSEL Asst. Superintendent
M. HELENA McMILLAN ... .Director, School of Nursini
The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of
Chicago is an Illinois not-for-profit corpora-
tion, organized July 21, 1883, for the purpose
of affording surgical and medical aid, and
nursing, to sick and disabled persons of every
creed, nationality, and color. Its medical staff
is appointed from the faculty of Rush Medical
College of the University of Chicago.
The Board of Managers call attention to
the need of gifts and bequests for endow
ment and for the general purposes of the
hospital.
ojv tke City \yy Sklcago
BULLETDN
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, 111.
November, 1936
No. 92
NURSES REQUIRE THOROUGH PREPARATION
High Educational Standards and
Ideals of Service Upheld by
Our School of Nursing
Have you ever come back from ob-
livion, floundering in a sea of pain fol-
lowing an operation, and in those
fleeting moments of consciousness found
by your bedside a pleasant-faced person
in a white uniform, who knew exactly
what to do to ease the suffering a little
and whose very presence gave you an-
chorage and reassurance? Then, after
you no longer needed a special nurse,
do you recall the buoyant cheerfulness
with which the general duty graduate
and student nurses did for you so effici-
ently those innumerable tasks involved
in the day and night care of a hospital
patient? Or, perhaps you or some
member of your family, seriously ill at
home, have required the services of the
private duty nurse, who, without re-
course to consultation with supervisor
or house doctor, was adequately pre-
pared to meet the unexpected emer-
gency between visits of the family doc-
tor. Whatever your need in the way of
nursing care has been or may be, only
the best that high ideals of service and
thorough preparation educationally can
supply is good enough for you and
yours.
Upholds High Standards
When the Presbyterian Hospital es-
tablished its own school for nurses, 33
years ago, advanced standards both as
to curriculum and organisation were
adopted. Through the years the school
has sought to keep pace with the ever
enlarging scope of nursing education.
From the beginning our School of Nurs-
ing has had the eight-hour day for stu-
dent nurses, the six months' preparatory
course and the requirement that all
students admitted have at least a high
school education. Beginning with the
new class entering this fall the educa-
tional requirement now is two years of
college work beyond high school.
STUDENT LEADERS AND FACULTY REPRESENTATIVE
In this picture Miss Johanna G. DeVnes, representing the faculty of our School of Nurs-
ing, is shown with class officers representing the student body as follows:
Back row, left to right — Eva M. Wiberg, president class of 1936: Ruth D. Getzelman,
secretary 1936; Miss DeVries, instructor; Harriet E. Boot, president 1937; Irmgard Mahler,
secretary 1937.
Front row, left to right — Estalene T. Spears, president class of 1938; Caroline E. Rockwell,
president 1939; Ruth M. Ritchie, vice-president 1939; Barbara M. Cruickshank, secretary 1939;
Margaret D. Burke, secretary 1938.
Affiliation with Rush Medical College
of the University of Chicago and as-
signment of students for nursing prac-
tice in the Presbyterian Hospital affords
instruction by members of Rush faculty
and members of the hospital medical
staff, the latter including both classroom
and bedside instruction. Science courses
are taught by members of the faculty of
the University of Chicago and by grad-
uate nurse instructors.
The Presbyterian Hospital affords
experience in medical, surgical, gyne-
cological, obstetrical and children's nurs-
ing, while its private service prepares
nurses for private duty nursing. The
out-patient obstetrical department af-
fords experience in meeting the prob-
lems of the home care of obstetrical
patients. Varied experience is gained
in the clinics of Central Free Dispensary
and Rush Medical College, as well as
in the hospital pharmacy, diet kitchens,
{Continued on Page 3)
DISTINGl IISHED VISITORS
Mr. Ernest Griffiths, F. R. C. S., of
London and Mr. W. A. Lyon, secretary
of the Seaman's Hospital Association of
England, were guests of Dr. Kellogg
Speed in our hospital recently for the
purpose of studying traumatic recon-
struction cases.
TAG DAY NETS #1,425
Two hundred taggers from our Wo-
man's Board collected $1,425. for child
welfare work in our hospital, on the
Children's Benefit League tag day ob-
served in Chicago and suburbs on Oct.
5. Last year's tag day receipts were
$1,004.21. Mrs. William R. Tucker
was general chairman and Mrs. H. C.
Patterson, vice-chairman of the tag day
committee.
Dr. William G. Hihhs has been
elected secretary of our hospital med-
ical board to fill the vacancy caused by
the death of Dr. Carl P. Bauer.
Director of Our School of Nursing 7th in U. S.
To Receive Saunders Distinguished Service Medal
In 1930, William L. Saunders II of Philadelphia established, in memory of his
father, the Walter Burns Saunders Medal for Distinguished Service in the Cause of
Nursing. In accordance with the wishes of Mr. Saunders this medal is awarded
each year to "a nurse who has made to the profession or to the public some out-
standing contribution, either in personal service, or in the discovery of some nursing
technic, that may be to the advantage of the patient and to the profession."
The 1936 recipient of the Saunders
Medal is M. Helena McMillan, director
of the School of Nursing of the Presby-
terian Hospital. A committee composed
of the presidents of the three national
nursing organizations and Mr. Saunders
selects the recipient.
The first award made in 1930 hon-
ored, posthumously, S. Lillian Clayton,
former president of the American
Nurses' Association. Other recipients
prior to 1936 were as follows:
1931- -Mary Sewell Gardner, pioneer
in the field of public health nursing.
1932 — Annie W. Goodrich, pioneer
in nursing education and formerly Dean
of Yale University School of Nursing.
1933 — Clara D. Noyes, director of
the American Red Cross Nursing Serv-
ice until her death in June, 1936.
1934— Annabelle McCrae, for many
years instructor in theory and practice
of nursing at Massachusetts General
Hospital in Boston.
1935— Adda Eldredge, Director of
the Department of Nursing, State
Board of Health of Wisconsin.
Presented at Convention
The 1936 medal was presented to
Miss McMillan at the biennial conven-
tion of the American Nurses' Associa-
tion, the National League of Nursing
Education, and the National Organiza-
tion for Public Health Nursing held in
Los Angeles in June. In presenting the
medal, Miss Elnora Thomson, director
of nursing education at the University
of Oregon, past president of the Amer-
ican Nurses' Association and graduate
of our School of Nursing (1909) said
that from the beginning of her work,
Miss McMillan had the concept of the
School of Nursing as an educational in-
stitution rather than as a hospital serv-
ice. Among her other contributions to
the nursing profession, the speaker cited
Miss McMillan's advocacy of a reason-
able working day for graduate nurses
and nursing service to the community
by means of central registries; her in-
terest in affiliation of schools of nurs-
ing with higher educational institutions
and her concern that lay persons should
understand and participate in nursing
education.
Honored by First District
The nurses of the First District Illi-
nois State Nurses' Association honored
Miss McMillan at a testimonial dinner
at the Drake hotel, Oct. 14. Miss Ethel
Holbrook, president of the association,
and graduate of our School of Nurs-
ing (1922), presided during the pro-
gram which included addresses by Mrs.
David W. Graham, honorary president
of the Presbyterian Hospital Woman's
Board; Miss Alice E. Dalbey of Spring-
field, president of the Illinois State
Nurses' Association; Dr. James B. Her-
rick, representing the medical staff of
the Presbyterian Hospital; Miss Nellie
X. Hawkinson, president National
League of Nursing Education; Mr. Al-
fred T. Carton, president Board of
Managers of Presbyterian Hospital;
Miss Edna L. Foley, chairman Red
Cross Nursing Service, Chicago; Mrs.
Ernest E. Irons, chairman Central Coun-
cil of Nursing Education; Miss Sybil
Davis, representing the Alumnae of the
Illinois Training School for Nurses of
which Miss McMillan is an alumnus;
and Miss Florence A. Coon, president
of the Alumnae Association of the Pres-
byterian Hospital School of Nursing.
Speakers who represented the organ-
izations interested in nursing education
and nursing service told of the numer-
ous activities of Miss McMillan in those
organizations. Miss Foley said that
Miss McMillan had served the Amer-
ican Red Cross in various capacities
since she became an enrolled Red Cross
Nurse m 1912.
ALUMNAE ASS'N ACTIVE
IN BEHALF OF SCHOOL
AND OTHER INTERESTS
More than 600 of the 1410 graduates
of our School of Nursing are members
of the Alumnae Association, which en-
gages in many activities for the benefit
of the school and the nursing profession
in general. The association maintains
the Mary Byrne endowed room in our
hospital for active members, and con-
tributes around $200 annually toward
the cottage maintained at Naperville
Sanitarium by the First District Nurses'
Association. Funds have been raised
also for the Gladys Foster endowed
nurse fund, sick benefit and loan funds
for nurses, graduate scholarship fund,
the School of Nursing endowment fund
and many other purposes.
Officers of the association are: presi-
dent, Florence A. Coon; first vice-presi-
dent, Esther Salzman; second vice- presi-
dent, Katherinc Livingstone; corre-
sponding secretary, Mildred Castcll Mc-
Grath; recording secretary, Marjorie
Keil; treasurer, Mrs. Dick Van Gorp;
editor News Letter, Ruth Schmidt.
ALUMNAE WHO'S WHO
Of those who have been graduated
from our School of Nursing, 259 are
known to be doing institutional work;
212, private duty nursing; 84, public
health nursing; 20, industrial nursing;
23, missionary work; and 17, miscellane-
ous work including hourly nursing, so-
cial service, physiotherapy, X-ray, edi-
torial and other individual work. One
graduate has a position with the Trans-
continental and Western Air Lines.
Two graduates have become practicing
physicians.
Among those who hold important !
executive or teaching positions are:
Carol Martin (1906), Director of Nursing
Education, State of Nebraska, Lincoln.
Mrs. Alma Ham Scott (1907), Director of
Headquarters, American Nurses' Ass'n, New
York City.
Lina D Davis (1907), Superintendent of
Nurses, General Hospital, Bakersfield, Calif.
Mrs. Candice Monfort Lee (1907), Super-
intendent of Nurses, Oklahoma City Hospital,
Okla.
Elnora E. Thomson (1909), Director of
Nursing Education, University of Oregon,
Portland.
Ruth A. Brown (1910), Superintendent of
Nurses, Wyandotte General Hospital, Mich.
Alma Foerster (1910), Superintendent Red
Cross Nursing, Racine, Wis.
Alice M. Morse (1910), Superintendent
Nurses, Eastern Maine General Hospital,
Bangor, Me.
Ada T. Graham (1911), Secretary, Utah
Tuberculosis Ass'n, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Charlotte F. Landt (1911), Night Super-
visor, Cook County Hospital, Chicago.
Mabel Dunlap (1912), Vice-President,
American Nurses' Association.
Catherine M. Buckley (1912), Dean of
School of Nursing, University of Cincinnati;
president, Ohio State Nurses' Ass'n.
Eula Butnenn (1914), Director Public
Health Nursing, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis.
Mrs. Estelle G. Koch (1914), Superin-
tendent of Nurses, City Hospital, Cleveland,
Helen I. Denne (1915), Professor of
Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Lila Belle Fletcher (1916), Director of
Nurses, Wisconsin General Hospital, Madi-
son.
Mary H. Cutler (1916), Superintendent
of Nurses, Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati.
Mary Dunwiddie (1920), Superintendent
County Home for Crippled Children, West
Chicago, 111.
Dorothy Rogers (1921), Assistant Profes-
sor of Nursing, University of Chicago.
Helen W. Munson (1922), associate editor,
American Journal of Nursing, New York
City.
Edna Lewis ( 1923), Instructor in Public
Health Nursing, George Peabody Teachers'
College Nashville, Tenn.
Catherine A. Clow (1924), Health Direc-
tor, State Normal School, Fredonia, N. Y.
Mrs. Janet F. Korngold (1924), Superin-
tendent of Nurses, St. Luke's Hospital,
Chicago.
Marjorie M. Ibsen (1926), Superintendent
Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, 111.
Sylvia M. Melby (1926), Superintendent I
of Nurses, Fairview Hospital, Minneapolis.
Lois Merle Morrow (1929), Acting Direc-
tor School of Nursing, Graduate Hospital,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Edwina McDougall (1924), Superintendent
of Nurses, Northwestern Hospital, Min-
neapolis, Minn.
{Continued from Page 1)
operating rooms and occupational ther-
apy department. Experience in com-
municable disease nursing is arranged
at the Chicago Municipal Contagious
Disease Hospital, while the psychiatric
and neurological departments of Cook
County Hospital are open to our stu-
dents. Similar privileges are granted
by the Chicago Visiting Nurse Associa-
tion, the Infant Welfare Society of
Chicago and the Rural Nursing of Cook
County.
Health and Character Essential
Students meeting the educational re-
quirements for entrance also must be in
good health and of good character and
personality. On or before admission,
students are given a complete physical
examination by the school physician, in-
cluding X-ray chest films. Before being
assigned for nursing experience in com-
municable diseases, students are passed
as being physically qualified and have
been successfully inoculated against
typhoid fever, smallpox, diphtheria and
scarlet fever.
The student nurse's eight-hour day
and 48-hour week embraces time given
to class instruction in numerous sub-
jects and that given to practice nursing.
At the end of the six-months prepara-
tory course, the student is assigned to
nursing duty in the hospital for a part
of each eight-hour day, provided she
has shown evidence of a general fitness
for nursing, good health and the ability
to carry the didactic courses.
Nursing Assignments
All nursing assignments are carried
out under the direct supervision of
graduate nurses. In this connection it is
interesting to note that during 1935 an
average of 123 graduate nurses and 64
advanced student nurses were on gen-
eral duty in the Presbyterian Hospital.
Of these, 95 graduates and 50 advanced
students were engaged in bedside nurs-
ing and floor duty. An average of 19
graduate nurses were on duty in operat-
ing rooms, delivery rooms and first floor
examining rooms, while an average of
14 advanced students were gaining ex-
perience in diet kitchens, serving rooms
and operating rooms. An average of
19 students were gaining experience in
affiliated work outside our hospital.
During 1935 an average total of 288
nurses was enrolled in the school. Of
this number 143 were graduates, 87
were advanced students and 58 in the
first six months period.
In addition to an average of 123 grad-
uates and 64 advanced students on gen-
eral duty in the hospital, 58 graduate
nurses gave a total of 21,140 days spec-
ial duty to patients in the hospital.
Endowed and maintained graduate
nurses gave a total of 1,540 days special
duty to 1,221 seriously ill ward patients
who required this extra care but were
ADEQUATE ENDOWMENT IS
NEEDED FOR OUR SCHOOL
The School of Nursing of the
Presbyterian Hospital has played
a conspicuous role in the field of
nursing education. Its 1,410 grad-
uates have gone out to uphold high
standards as nurses and to fill im-
portant executive and teaching posi-
tions. For 3 3 years its graduates
and students have cared for Presby-
terian Hospital patients and given
extensive service to the needy sick
who visit the clinics of Central
Free Dispensary and Rush Medical
College.
Its small endowment, now
amounting to $63,260.86, has been
a factor in these accomplishments.
Those who wish to aid education
in a field of vital importance to
human welfare are invited to con-
tribute to this endowment in order
that our School of Nursing may
continue to keep pace with advanc-
ing standards and enlarging
demands.
unable to pay for it. A total of 179
nurses were sent from the hospital office
for private duty in homes.
At Central Dispensary
Presbyterian Hospital graduate and
student nurses comprise the nursing
staffs in the various clinics at Central
Free Dispensary. Last year student
nurses gave a total of 1,532 days in re-
turn for experience in these clinics; 541
days service in the out-patient obstetrical
department and 651 days in the pre-
natal clinics of Rush Medical College,
making a total 1,958 calls on 905
mothers whose babies were delivered in
their homes by members of the out-
patient staff. Forty-four students spent
an average of 24 hours each assisting at
the baby welfare clinic maintained by
Rush Medical College in Central Free
Dispensary. Other affiliated work
claimed 2,004 hours from students dur-
ing the year.
Students comprising the new class ad-
mitted this October came from 15 dif-
ferent states, China and South America.
Twelve have college degrees and the
remaining 18 have had at least two
years of college work.
When our hospital decided to estab-
lish its own School of Nursing in 1903,
Miss M. Helena McMillan was selected
to take charge of the new project. Miss
McMillan had been graduated from
McGill University and the Illinois
Training School for Nurses. She was
at that time a resident of Henry Street
Settlement in New York City and previ-
ously had organized the School of Nurs-
ing at Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland,
Ohio. To Miss McMillan was assigned
the task of organizing the school and
the dual role of director of the educa-
tional program and the nursing service
in the Presbyterian Hospital. Her suc-
cess in coordinating the two programs is
attested by the record of her 3 3 years'
service here and the recognition accord-
ed her as a leader in the field of nursing
education.
School Committee
A school committee, composed of
three members of the hospital Board of
Managers, three members of the Wo-
man's Board and six ex-officio members,
administers the affairs of the Presby-
terian Hospital School of Nursing. Mr.
John P. Welling is chairman, other
members of the committee being: Mr.
Arthur G. Gable, Mr. Alfred E. Hamill,
Mrs. Alva Knight, Mrs. Edwin M.
Miller and Mrs. Ernest E. Irons. Ex-
officio members are: Mr. Alfred T. Car-
ton, president of the Board of Man-
agers;, Mrs. Clyde E. Shorey, president
of the Woman's Board; Mr. Asa S.
Bacon, superintendent of the hospital;
Miss M. H. McMillan, director School
of Nursing; Dr. Vernon C. David, presi-
dent hospital Medical Board; Miss Flor-
ence Coon, president Alumnae Ass'n
of School of Nursing.
Medical Consultants
Medical consultants representing
Rush Medical College of the University
of Chicago and the Presbyterian Hospi-
tal Medical Staff are:
Ernest E. Irons, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical
Professor of Medicine, Rush Medical
College.
Lee C. Gatewood, A.M., M.D. Associate
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Rush
Medical College.
Edwin M. Miller, B.A., M.D. Assistant
Clinical Professor of Surgery, Rush
Medical College.
Consultants representing the gradu-
ate body of the School of Nursing are:
Miss Helen I. Dennt ( 1 9 IS ) , Professor
of Nursing, Director School of Nurs-
ing, University of Wisconsin.
Miss Catherine M. Buckley (1912),
Dean School of Nursing, University of
Cincinnati.
Miss Dorothy Rogers (1921), Assistant
Professor of Nursing, University of
Chicago.
Dr. L. C. Gatewood is physician to the
school.
Sprague Home For Nurses
Sprague Home, located across the
street from the hospital, is the home of
both the School ni Nursing and the
student body, as well as 60 members of
the hospital nursing staff and graduate
nurse group. It also provides dressing
rooms and lockers for the use of non-
resident graduates. Meals are served in
eight relays for a daily average of 262
persons.
This commodious building was erect-
ed in 1913. It cost $350,000. and was
made possible by gifts from friends oi
Mr. O. S. A. Sprague, from the estate of
Mr. Albert A. Sprague and a bequest
left by Mrs. A. A. Sprague.
WOMAN'S BOARD KEENLY
INTERESTED IN NURSING
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
The Woman's Board of our hospital
has always taken a keen interest in our
School of Nursing and in the cause of
nursing education in general. Mrs.
Alva Knight is chairman and Mrs. Ed-
win M. Miller is vice chairman of a
large committee of board members ac-
tively engaged in assisting the school
in numerous ways. Miss Helen V.
Drake is honorary chairman.
The sum of $25,000. has been con-
tributed by the Woman's Board to the
school endowment fund. The board
also provides three scholarships and a
student loan fund, provides lectures on
current events and sponsors the Flor-
ence Nightingale chorus. This chorus
was organized shortly after the world
war and was the first group of its kind
formed in this country. Membership in
the chorus is compulsory to all first year
student nurses who pass the vocal test.
The director is Mr. Robert E. Birch.
Our Woman's Board has been active-
ly identified with the Central Council of
Nursing Education since the council was
formed soon after the world war. Repre-
sentative clubwomen, civic leaders, wo-
men's auxiliary hospital groups, nurs-
ing organizations and heads of most of
better schools of nursing in Illinois and
adjacent states organized the Council
with a view to raising standards of nurs-
ing education on all fronts. It has done
much to educate the laity concerning
those institutions and agencies which
uphold adequate standards and has shed
the light of publicity on several fly-by-
night attempts to commercialize nursing
education for private gain at the ex-
pense of the public welfare. Mrs. Ernest
E. Irons, one of the vice-presidents of
our Woman's Board, is chairman of the
Council at this time, and other board
members have held offices in the Coun-
cil from time to time.
ABOUT OUR STAFF MEN
Chicago Pathological Society, Oct.
12 — Dr. Carl Apfelbach, newly elected
president, spoke on "Modern Concepts
of Cirrhosis of Liver." On Nov. 6, he
addressed the Central Society of Clinical
Research at the Drake hotel.
American College of Surgeons, Phil-
adelphia, Oct. 19-23— Dr. Vernon C.
David gave an address on "Intestinal
Obstruction". Dr. Kellogg Speed par-
ticipated in the section meeting on frac-
tures. Dr. David also addressed a meet'
ing of the Interurban Surgical Society
in Baltimore in October.
Dr. Arthur W. Fleming completed
his service on our house staff, October
31. House staff men beginning service
Nov. 1 are Dr. Chester H. Waters and
Dr. J. John Westra.
DIPLOMAS PRESENTED
TO 27 GRADUATES AT
1936 COMMENCEMENT
Commencement exercises for the class
of 1936, Presbyterian Hospital School
of Nursing, were held in the auditorium
of Sprague Home, Tuesday afternoon,
Oct. 27 at 3 o'clock. A most interest-
ing and appropriate address was de-
livered by Dr. William Chalmers
Covert, D. D. LL.D. of Philadelphia.
Mr. Alfred Carton, president of the
Board of Managers of the hospital pre-
sided and presented diplomas to 27
graduates. The invocation was by Rev.
E. N. Ware, hospital chaplain. Thelma
Jensen Herferd sang two soprano solos,
accompanied at the piano by Adrienne
Cooper. The Florence Nightingale
chorus directed by Mr. Robert Birch
sang one number. School pins were
presented by Mrs. Alva A. Knight,
chairman of the School of Nursing
committee of the Woman's Board.
The class gift to the school, presented
at the class night dinner, is a framed
portrait of Miss May Russell, dean of
the School of Nursing and for many
years a member of the faculty.
Dr. John Timothy Stone, D. D. LL.D.
was the speaker at the baccalaureate
service in the hospital chapel, Sunday
evening, Oct. 25. Musical numbers
were given by Miss Lois C Geerds,
Miss Maxine E. McCormick, Miss Au-
gusta R. Heneveld and the Nightingale
chorus.
CLASS OF 1936
Ruth Armstrong, Bloomington, 111.
Jane Chadwick, Racine, Wis.
Helen Marie Colvin, Hammond, Ind.
Edna M. Eittreim, Decorah, Iowa.
Elizabeth May Gallion, Chester, Nch.
Ruth Dorothy Geitzelman, Chicago, 111.
M. Kathryn Harris, Mineral Point, Wis.
Alice Henderson, LaBelle, Mo.
Lizzie Kempers, Sioux Center, Iowa.
Mane M. Kolbus, Highland Park, 111.
Mary Margaret Kusel, Hooper, Neb.
Duns Helen Leavens, Milwaukee, Wis.
Frances Louise Lowry, Bethany, Mo.
Jean MacKenzie, Watertown, S. D.
Myrtle Irene Malan, Patoka, 111.
Grace E. Myers, Benton Harbor, Mich.
Elizabeth Peasley, Chariton, Iowa.
Winifred Player, West Chicago, 111.
Adella F. Remus, Benton Harbor, Mich.
Emma R. Rodenbeck, Chester, Nch.
Mary Elizabeth Simons, Kentland. Ind.
Miriam M. Slight, Newton, Iowa.
Mary Isabclle Taylor, Mcintosh, S. D.
Merna Tcrrill, Pipestone, Minn.
Mary Catherine Truesdalc, LaGrange, Ind.
Eva Margaret Wiberg, Woodstock, 111.
Helyn Sherwood Wilder, Chicago, 111.
AT MEETINGS IN EUROPE
Dr. Herman L. Kretschmer attended
the first joint meeting of The Clinical
Society of Genito-Urinary Surgeons and
the recently organised Clinical Society
of Genito-Urinary Surgeons of Great
Britain in London, Sept. 4 and 5. He
also attended the meeting of the Inter-
national Society of Urology in Vienna,
Austria, Sept. 9-11.
FIRST MODERN SCHOOL OF
NURSING WAS ORGANIZED
BY FLORENCE NIGHTINGALES)
The modern nursing education move
ment owes its inception to Florence
Nightingale, who established the first i|
modern school of nursing at St. Thomas
Hospital in London in 1860, using forf
this purpose funds which a grateful na-
tion contributed in appreciation of Miss
Nightingale's outstanding service during
the Crimean war.
Various institutions in the United
States' attempted to train nurses in a i
small way from 1798 on and in the
early seventies of the last century, the>
first modern nursing schools in this
country were started at hospitals in Bos-
ton, New York and New Haven. Chi'
cago fell into line when the Illinois
Training School for Nurses was chart'
ered in 1880 and began its first course)
of training, May 1, 1881.
With the exception of two short peri'
ods during which our hospital under-
took to tram its own nurses, nursing
care in the Presbyterian Hospital was fl''
given under the direction of the Illinois II
Training School until 1903, when our l|
present School of Nursing was organ- K
ized.
FIRST RUSH GRADUATE
The name of the first graduate of
Rush Medical College was printed in-
correctly in our September Bulletin.
The first graduate was William Butter-
field instead of William "Butterworth"
as published erroneously.
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
175 3 West Congress Street Chicago, Illinois
Telephone: Seeley 7171
OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
OFFICERS:
ALFRED T. CARTON President
HORACE W. ARMSTRONG Vice-President
CHARLES B. GOODSPEED Vice-President
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOUGLASS Secretary
FRED S. BOOTH Asst. Secretory
A. J. WILSON Asst. Secretary
OTHER MANAGERS:
Arthur G. Cable John McKinlay
Albert B. Dick, Jr. Frki > a - Poor
John B. Drake Theodore A. Shaw
ALBERT D. FARWELL Jto^e" D.^ ""
JAMES B. FORGAN, JR. R DouGLAS STUART
Alfred E. Hamill Robert Stevenson
Charles H. Hamill j. Hall Taylor
Edward D. McDougal John P. Welling
jr. Edward F. Wilson
CLERICAL MANAGERS:
Rev. Harrison Ray Anderson, D.D:
Rev. Harold L.Bowman, D.D.
Rev. Henry S. Brown, D.D.
Rev. W. Clyde Howard. D.D.
ADMINISTRATION:
ASA S. BACON Superintendent
HERMAN HENSEI Asst. Superintendent
M. HELENA McMILLAN Director, School of Nursinf
The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of
Chicago is an Illinois not-for-profit corpora-
tion, organized July 21, 1883, for the purpose
of affording surgical and medical aid, and
nursing, to sick and disabled persons of every
creed, nationality, and color. Its medical staff
is appointed from the faculty of Rush Medical
College of the University of Chicago.
The Board of Managers call attention to
the need of gifts and bequests for endow-
ment and for the general purposes of the
hospital.
Flue Pres toyferlai jHtospfta
trie Gity <yy ©kicagc^
BULLETDN
MEMBER AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Chicago, 111.
December, 1936
No. 93
CHRISTMAS HAS MESSAGE
Of CHEEK FOR THE
ILL AND NEEDY
Christmas in the hospital! This will
he a new experience for many of our pa-
tients this year, but one which need not
detract from the real significance of
Christmas. But for the coming of the
Christ Child, whose humble advent is ob-
served throughout the world on Decem-
ber 25, there probably would be no such
institution as a modern hospital and
there certainly would be no Presbyterian
Hospital established and maintained to
care for the sick in His name. If one
must be ill or disabled at this season of
the year, one still has reason for rejoicing
because Christian ideals of service have
made possible the hospital care needed.
The Christmas message brings to the
hospital patient the assurance that re-
gardless of the pain and misfortune that
may be ours during this span of life there
is a better world beyond. It also brings
the assurance of strength to bear what-
ever must be borne here and now, if we
will but ask this of Him in faith.
Will Spread Cheer
As Christmas day approaches many
plans are afoot to spread cheer and good
will among our patients. The usual
Christmas service will be conducted in
the hospital chapel on Sunday, Dec. 20,
at 1 1 A.M. for patients who are able to
attend. Rev. E. N. Ware, who has been
our hospital chaplain for 25 years, con-
ducts this service and also makes a special
effort to carry the Christmas message to
the bedside of patients as he goes about
his daily rounds of visits.
Early on Christmas morning the fresh,
young voices of our student nurses will
be heard in the corridors singing the old
(Continued on page 3, col. 3)
ADORATION OF THE WISE MEN
And they came into the home and saw the young child with Mary his
mother; and they fell down and worshipped him; and opening their
treasures they offered unto him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh.
—Matt. 2:11.
This nativity scene was modeled in clay six years ago by a patient, Stanley Kellogg, who was a
protege of Lorado Taft. He did it with the help of our Occupational Therapy Department,
which, in accordance with his wishes, has retained it. Each Christmas, in an appropriate setting
of evergreen branches in the lobby of the main hospital entrance, it tells again the story of the
Christ Child and the Wise men.
O, Little Town of Bethlehem
O, little town of Bethlehem,
How still we see thee lie;
Above thy deep and dreamless sleep
The silent stars go by.
Tet in thy dar\ streets shineth
The everlasting Light;
The hopes and fears of all the years
Are met in thee tonight.
For Christ is born of Mary;
And gathered all above.
While mortals sleep, the angels \eep
Their watch of wondering love.
O. morning stars together
Proclaim thy holy birth;
And praises sing to God the King;
And peace to men
;arth
How silently, how silently,
The wondrous gift is given!
So God imparts to human hearts
The blessings of His heaven.
A(o ear may hear his coming,
But in this world of sin,
Where meel{ souls will receive Hi
The dear Christ enters in.
O. holy child of Bethlehem
Descend to us. we pra\.
Cast out our sin, and enter in.
Be born in us today.
We hear the Christmas
The great glad tidiv
O. come to us, abide with us.
Our Lord Emmanuel.
Phillips
CLEANLINESS AND ASEPSIS RIGIDLY OBSERVED
Much Labor, Modern Equipment
and Scientific Technique
Safeguard Patients
It requires unremiting and conscienti-
ous work on the part of many men and
women to carry through the rigid obser-
vance of cleanliness and asepsis required
in every hospital department in order
that patients may be safeguarded against
dirt and microbes. In the Presbyterian
Hospital the rigid scientific asepsis tech-
nique employed by the nursing and medi-
cal staff is supplemented by proper pro-
cedures and precautions in kitchens and
serving rooms, in the laundry and in the
performance of every hospital house-
keeping task.
In the housekeeping department 58
men and women are kept busy under the
direction of Mrs. Martha Wolfe, matron,
who has held this position for twelve
years and who was in the department
for 13 years before becoming matron.
Five housekeepers oversee the work done
on the different floors.
1,005 Windows; 845 Steps
It requires the full time services of
two men to wash regularly the 1,005
windows of the hospital. Two women
are occupied in scrubbing daily the 845
steps comprising the different hospital
stairways. One man keeps all the brass
and nickel shining. Another does noth-
ing but clean rugs with a special ma-
chine and antiseptic process. One woman
keeps the 100 Venetian blinds clean.
Other men and women perform a variety
of cleaning tasks throughout the hospital.
All window curtains are changed at
least once each week, and curtains on
screens are changed often, in some in-
stances daily.
STERILIZE UTENSILS; KEEP
HOSPITAL KITCHENS CLEAN
Cooking pans, utensils and containers
used in the hospital kitchens are not on-
ly washed by sanitary methods hut are
sterilized in steam boxes under high pres-
sure for at least 10 minutes. Floors are
scrubbed twice daily. Walls are washed
often and a fresh coat of paint is applied
yearly. Employees observe rigid rules as
to personal cleanliness, one of which is
that anyone who has been out of the kit-
chen washes his hands thoroughly on his
return, before resuming his duties.
Many other precautions taken in the
preparation and serving oi food assure
cleanliness and freedom from bacteria.
Mr. Eric Bode, executive chef, and Miss
Beulah Hunsicker, head dietitian, have
under their direction an employed per-
innel of 75 men and women.
DAILY WASH OF 8,000
POUNDS IS TASK OF
HOSPITAL LAUNDRY
Every day except Sunday is wash day
in the Presbyterian Hospital Laundry,
located in a separate service building
adjacent to the other hospital buildings.
And the wash is a sizable one, too, never
less than a mere 8,000 pounds daily!
John Witek, our laundry foreman, has
been with us for 13 years. Men and
women employed under his direction
number 27. A special soap which has
both cleansing and antiseptic properties is
manufactured in the laundry, utilising all
waste grease from the hospital kitchens
and a large amount of fresh, prime tallow
purchased in 100-pound lots.
All linens sent down from operating
or obstetrical delivery rooms are washed
separately from other laundry, after be-
ing rinsed and treated with a germicide
solution which removes stains and kills
bacteria.
The laundry washes and irons all hos-
pital linen and garments used by patients,
attending doctors, interns and nurses, as
well as all washable furnishings of the
hospital. Blankets and similar articles are
fluff dried in a special machine. All per-
sonal laundry is done for student nurses,
members of the graduate nursing staff,
interns and other resident personnel.
HERE'S WHAT IT TAKES!
It takes a lot of soap, scouring pow-
der, germicides and antiseptics to carry
through our hospital program of clean-
liness and asepsis.
In the laundry the weekly require-
ment is 800 pounds of the jelly-like
soap manufactured there.
For general cleaning we use each
week:
200 lbs. of soap powder.
158 lbs. of scouring powder.
231 1-lb. bars of cleaning soap.
For aseptic purposes we use:
10 barrels of green liquid surgical
soap each month.
1 barrel of cresol, diluted to 20
to 30 times, in three months.
50,000 bichloride of mercury tab-
lets in six months.
Smaller quantities ol numerous
other antiseptics and disinfect-
ants.
For ordinary . personal cleanliness
needs of patients and hospital person-
nel, toilet soap requirements this year
were:
15,000 6-OZ. bars
5,000 v 4-o:. bars
12,500 2 oi bars
600 6-oz. bars of castile soap
for maternity babies and in-
fants on the children's floor.
MOTHERS AND BABIES
PROTECTED BY ASEPSIS
IN OBSTETRICAL CARE
Rigid aseptic procedures are an im-
portant factor in safeguarding the lives
of mothers and babies cared for in our
maternity department and m our Out'
Patient Obstetrical Service.
Of the last 4,013 mothers delivered up
to Dec. 1 by members of our obstetrical
staff in the hospital and in homes, there
have been no deaths due to childbed
fever. Of these 4,0 1 3 mothers, only two
have died from any cause connected with
childbirth, and neither of these deaths
occurred in our hospital. One was an
out-patient who died of pneumonia
which had been contracted before labor
began. The other patient died of an
embolus following her return home.
Our hospital maternity department is
housed on floors separate from other
parts of the hospital and has its own staff
of interns, nurses and helpers whose
duties are confined wholly to that de-
partment. In this and other respects our
maternity department complies with the
standards of the American Hospital Asso-
ciation and the American College of Sur-
geons. Labor and delivery rooms are not
located on the same floor with the pri-
vate rooms and wards in which mothers
are cared for and on which the nurseries
are located.
Use Sterile Supplies
Sterilized packs containing linens and
other supplies are kept in readiness in
the delivery room as are also packs con
taining sterile instruments. For the new
born babies sterile packs are at hand con
taining blanket, sheet, clothing and other
supplies required. Throughout the in-
fant's stay in the hospital, similar sterile
packs are used. Infant and maternity sup-
plies are washed separately in the laun-
dry, then assembled in packs and sent to
the sterilizing room. An average of 75
pieces of sterile linen is required for each
delivery including articles used for the
patient and surgical caps, gowns and
masks worn by doctors and nurses. Clean
linen is used freely in the care of mater-
nity patients throughout their stay here.
In every obstetrical procedure asepsis
technique is rigidly employed.
Miss Mary M. Wilson is the specially
trained obstetrical nurse in charge of a
staff composed of 16 graduate nurses, 8
student nurses and five helpers whose
hours on duty are staggered to cover the
entire 24 hours. Miss Mary Watson is
in charge of the delivery room and Miss
Alice Studer, the nursery.
STERILE INSTRUMENTS,
OPERATIVE SUPPLIES
HANDLED ASEPTICALLY
Elaborate asepsis procedures are ob-
served in the eight operating rooms of
the Presbyterian Hospital. Miss Bertha
Ellingson is the surgical nurse in charge.
The personnel consists of 14 graduate
nurses, 7 of whom are specially trained
surgical nurses; 10 student nurses, 4
women helpers and 4 men orderlies. In
addition, men and women helpers from
the housekeeping department do the
routine cleaning of floors, walls, win-
dows, sinks, etc. Each night floors are
scrubbed thoroughly. After each opera-
tion the floor of the room in which it took
place is cleaned. After all infectious
cases floors are treated with deodorants
and antiseptics.
Linen used in the operating rooms is
specially folded for later aseptic hand-
ling, placed in bags and sterilised. It
remains in the bags until needed for use
in the operating room. Pitchers, basins
and other granite ware are washed and
scoured after being used, placed in bags
and sterilised. Surgical instruments re-
quire special care in the way of cleansing,
sorting, assembling and sterilizing. To
give some idea of the work involved in
these procedures it may be stated that
about 800 pieces of linen, 700 instru-
ments, 85 pairs of rubber gloves, 200
pieces of granite ware and many special
supplies are required on an average
operating day.
Having sterilized everything that is to
;be used in operations the technique of
handling these articles aseptically is a
rigid one, requiring highly trained per-
sonnel. In a future article in our Bulletin
we plan to explain in greater detail the
scientific aseptic procedures which safe-
guard each patient cared for in our oper-
ating rooms.
WHERE STERILIZING IS DONE
All of the dressings prepared in the
sterile supply room, most of the granite
ware used in different departments and
most of the linens used in operating
rooms and maternity department are
sterilized in our big autoclave steam steril-
izer in the basement. Everything is en-
closed in bags when sent to the sterilizing
room and remains therein until it is taken
'Out and handled aseptically for use by
patients, nurses and doctors. Here, also,
are sterilized such medical supplies as
ointments, glycerine and intravenous
solutions. Ingebregt Tveite is in charge
jof this sterilizing room.
The operating room has a separate bat-
tery of sterilizers while smaller sterilizers
idjacent to operating and delivery rooms
are used to sterilize instruments and vari-
ous small articles. The first floor examin-
ing room has its own sterilizer for
HOSPITAL INSTALLS OIL
AND GAS HEATING
EQUIPMENT
Forty men are employed in the main-
tenance and repair department of the
Presbyterian Hospital. Frank Mahr,
chief engineer has been with us for 28
years. Assistant engineers, firemen and
other employees in the heating and power
plant number 14.
Recent improvements include the in-
stallation of a new and larger transformer
in the power plant, two new boilers and
conversion of the heating plant to burn
oil during the three coldest months and
gas the other nine months. This type of
heating is expected to prove more effi-
cient and cleaner than the coal burning
plant used heretofore.
The chief engineer and his assistants
take care of all heating and power equip-
ment, the hospital lighting system and
all electrical and mechanical equipment
throughout the hospital.
VARIETY OF DEVICES AND
FURNITURE ARE MADE BY
HOSPITAL CARPENTERS
It may be a baby incubator designed
by a pediatrician, some new device
needed in the X-ray room, framework
for a fracture bed, a reading rack for a
patient or candle-holders for Christmas
decorations. Whatever it is, John Kolar
and his two assistants in our hospital
carpenter shop can probably make it, to
say nothing of responding to emergency
calls to build up a heel on a patient's
shoe and such like.
In addition to all of the out-of-the
ordinary articles which are required from
time to time, our carpenter shop takes
care of repairing our furniture, makes
new cabinets, tables, screens and many
other articles. Locks are repaired here
and keys made for hospital doors. All
sorts of repair jobs are sent to the car-
penter shop, thus prolonging the useful-
ness of hospital furnishings and saving
much expense.
MUCH ELECTRICITY USED
For electric lighting and for power to
operate laundry equipment, elevators,
pumps, X-ray apparatus, and various
electrical devices used in the care and
treatment of patients, our electric cur-
rent consumption ranged from 47,846 to
63,208 kilowatt hours each month this
year.
instruments, supplies and other articles
used in that department. Duty rooms on
each hospital floor are equipped with
small sterilizers which are used by nurses
as needed. Kitchens have their sterilizers
as explained in another article.
GEO. L SCHEIDEL, SR.
EMPLOYED 44 YEARS IN
HOSPITAL PAINT SHOP
Seven men are employed full time
throughout the year to do all the paint-
ing, varnishing and decorating required
to keep the hospital buildings and fur-
nishings in proper order. They also wash
walls when this is needed and take care
of some other heavy cleaning tasks.
George J. Scheidel, Sr., of our paint
shop, has the distinction of having been
a hospital employee longer than any other
member of our personnel, having been
here since 1892. He formerly had charge
of the paint shop but in recent years
turned this responsibility over to his son,
George, Jr. who has worked in this de-
partment for 23 years.
It often is necessary to have painters
and decorators work at night in order to
avoid interfering with the regular day-
time activities. Recently the examining
rooms, which are a beehive of activity
during the day, were redecorated
throughout by men working on a night
shift. Walls of the first floor corridors
have been washed this month and the
floors refinished, this work also being
done at night.
CHRISTMAS HAS MESSAGE
(Continued from page 1)
and beloved Christmas carols. The Social
Service Department will see to it that the
less fortunate among our present and
former patients receive suitable remem-
brances, this being made possible by gen-
erous friends.
For the Children
Santa Claus will find his way to our
children's wards and every child will
awaken on Christmas morning to find
that he has not been missed.
Christmas baskets provided by the
Chicago Rotary Club and by hospital
employees will be distributed to needy
families known to our Social Service De-
partment. Children of hospital employees
and a large group of children of the
community invited by the Social Service
Department will be entertained at the
annual Christmas party given at Sprague
Home for Nurses, at 6:30 P.M., Dec. 23.
Our chef is planning to prepare the
nicest dinner possible and always has
some pleasant surprise tor everyone. Our
dietitian gives much thought to planning
attractive Christmas dinner menus for
patients on special diets, who must needs
forego some of the time-honored food
items.
In these and many other ways the
Presbyterian Hospital will say once more
as did Tiny Tim, 'God bless us everyone.'
WOMAN'S BOARD ENROLLS
18 LIFE MEMBERS; PLAN
WAS ADOPTED YEAR AGO
Eighteen women have become Life
Members of the Presbyterian Hospital
Woman's Board since this form of mem-
bership was established a year ago. Life
membership is acquired by payment of
$100 on the part of an active member,
who thereafter is exempt from payment
of annual dues, but not from other ob-
ligations of the Board. All receipts from
Life Memberships are invested and the
income only is expended upon recom-
mendation of the finance committee.
Life Members are: Mrs. Frederick T.
Haskell, Mrs. C. Frederick Childs, Mrs.
A. B. Dick, Miss Helen Drake, Mrs.
David W. Graham, Mrs. E. E. Irons,
Mrs. F. W. Leach, Mrs. George R.
Nichols, Mrs. Mark Oliver, Mrs. Philip
F. W. Peck, Mrs. Wilber Post, Mrs. W.
E. Sharp, Mrs". Clyde E. Shorey, Mrs.
Frank S. Smith, Mrs. Lawrence Dunlap
Smith, Mrs. Norman S. Stone, Mrs.
Robert Stuart and Mrs. J. Hall Taylor.
THANKSGIVING OFFERING
Several members of our Woman's
Board opened their homes during the
Thanksgiving season for teas given in the
interest of the annual Thanksgiving
offering for hospital purposes, while
many other board members distributed
offering envelopes among Presbyterian
church women and other friends. Those
who were hostesses at teas included Mrs.
L. Hamilton McCormick, Mrs. James W.
McCulloh, Mrs. Robert H. Herbst, Mrs.
Charles B. Ford and Mrs. S. Austin
Pope. Mrs. W. B. McKeand of Hinsdale
is chairman of the Thanksgiving offering
committee. Mrs. Kellogg Speed of High-
land Park is vice-chairman.
VISITS OTHER HOSPITALS
Miss Mary Louise Morley, charge
nurse on our children's floor, spoke at
the December meeting of our Hospital
Woman's Board. She told of a recent
trip during which she visited hospitals in
Cincinnati, New York and Boston for
the purpose of observing their methods
of caring for infants and children.
NURSES HAVE HOMECOMING
Sprague Home was the scene of the
annual homecoming held by our School
of Nursing on Nov. 1 1. A large number
of Alumnae and other friends of the
school were entertained at a buffet
luncheon at noon and at tea, served from
3 to 6 o'clock m the afternoon. Among
those from a distance was Miss Jeanette
Veldman, who is on leave from her work
as a missionary nurse in China
THREE ELEVATORS RUN
BOTH DAY AND NIGHT
Three elevators in our hospital are
operated on a 2 4 -hour schedule by 1 1
men, working in shifts. During the
morning hours all elevators are .kept very
busy taking doctors from floor to floor
and patients to and from operating, ex-
amining and treatment rooms. Somewhat
fewer doctors and patients are trans-
ported during other hours of the day,
but there are more visitors to take to and
from the different floors in the after-
noons and evenings. On those afternoons
and evenings when visitors are admitted
to wards, the front elevator near the
main entrance does a business compara-
ble to that of a department store eleva-
tor on bargain days. All this is a heavy
load on our power plant requiring at
peak hours as much as 1,000 horse power.
ENTERTAIN PATIENTS
Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Evans of the
Chicago Symphony Orchestra presented
a charming program of piano and violin
duets in our hospital chapel, Saturday
afternoon, Dec. 5. A large group of pa-
tients and hospital personnel greatly en-
joyed the program which was so gener-
ously given by these two artists.
ABOUT OUR STAFF MEN
North Central Illinois Medical Asso-
ciation, Dec. 1, at Streator — Dr. Gate-
wood spoke on "Lesions of the Illeum".
Chicago Surgical Society, Dec. 4 —
Dr. Mark Loring gave a case report on
"Solitary Diverticulum of the Cecum".
Dr. Ehas Selmger addressed the staff
at St. Joseph's Hospital, Elgin, Thursday,
Nov. 12.
Chicago Society of Industrial Medi-
cine and Surgery, Nov. 23 — Dr. Ed.
M. Miller spoke on "Fractures Around
the Elbow Joint in Children".
St. Joseph County Medical Society,
Dec. 3, at Elkhart, Ind. — Dr. Herman
L. Kretschmer gave a talk on "A Doctor
Looks at Europe".
An exhibit entitled "Glands of In-
ternal Secretion" prepared by Dr. W.
O. Thompson, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan,
Dr. N. J. Heckel, Dr. P. K. Thompson,
and Dr. S. G. Taylor, III was shown at
recent meetings of the Mississippi Valley
Medical Society in Burlington, Iowa:
Ohio State Medical Society, in Cleve-
land; and Interstate Postgraduate Medi-
cal Association in St. Paul, Minn.
60,000 GALLONS OF HOT WATER
Unlimited hot water is an essential
factor in hospital cleanliness and asepsis
as well as in ministering to the comfort
ol patients. In our hospital the average
DAILY consumption of hot water is
60,000 gallons.
OUR HOSPITAL GUARDED
BY CONTINUOUS POLICE
AND WATCHMAN SERVICE
Our hospital employs three policemen,
working m shifts so that one is always I
on duty, day and night, to patrol streets
and alleys in the vicinity and otherwise
guard the safety of patients, personnel
and buildings. In addition a watchman
on duty inside the building throughout
the night, patrols the entire building at
intervals inspecting all first floor and
basement entrances and windows as well
as all fire escape exits to make sure that
no intruders are about. Our policemen
are Andy Tranchita, Bill Tranchita and
Dan Yucella. Charles Lake is our inside
night watchman.
From 7 A.M. to 2 A.M. a doorman is
on duty at the main entrance to take
care of taxi service. Those working on |
this job alternate shifts are Charles
Titley and Fred Theman.
Dr. James B. Herrick was one of the
speakers at the December meeting of the
North Side branch of the Chicago Medi-
cal Society. His subject was, "Dr. Charles
T. Parkes as I Knew Him".
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO
1753 W. CONGRESS STREET CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Telephone: Seeley 7171
OFFICERS and MANAGERS
ALFRED T. CARTON President
HORACE W. ARMSTRONG Vice-President
CHARLES B. GOODSPEED Vice-President
SOLOMON A. SMITH Treasurer
KINGMAN DOUGLASS Secretary
FRED S. BOOTH Asst. Secretary
A. J. WILSON Asst. Secretary
Arthur G. Cable John McKinlay
Albert B. Dick, Jr. Fred A. Poor
John B. Drake Rev. John Timothy
James B. Forgan, Jr. Stone, D.D.
Albert D. Farwell R. Douglas Stuart
Alfred E. Hamill Robert Stevenson
Charles H. Hamill J. Hall Taylor
Edw. D. McDougal, Jr. John P. Welling
Edward F. Wilson
CLERICAL MANAGERS
Rev. Harrison Ray Anderson, D.D.
Rev. Harold L. Bowman, D.D.
Rev. Henry S. Brown, D.D.
Rev. W. Clyde Howard, D.D.
MEDICAL BOARD
VERNON C. DAVID, M.D. President
WOMAN'S BOARD
MRS. CLYDE E. SHOREY President
ADMINISTRATION
ASA S. BACON Superintendent
HERMAN HENSEL Asst. Superintendent
M. HELENA McMILLAN Director, School of Nursing
THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL BULLETIN
Florence Slown Hyde, Editor
The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of
Chicago is an Illinois not-for-profit corpora'
tion, organized July 21, 1883, for the purpose
of affording surgical and medical aid, and
nursing, to sick and disabled persons of every
creed, nationality, and color. Its medical staff
is appointed from the faculty of Rush Medical
College of the University of Chicago.
The Board of Managers call attention to
the need of gifts and bequests for endowment
and for the general purposes of the hospital.
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