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Full text of "Bulletin of the Friends' Historical Society of Philadelphia"

OHNEAL-O 



ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 



3 1833 01729 2647 



GENEALOGY 
974.8 
F912 
1916-1920 




Bewaarschool, Amsterdams WeLVARExM 

The John Warder School 

Amsterdam, Holland 

BviLT 1864 



Volume 7, No. i Fifth Month (May), 1916 

Bulletin of 

Friends' Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Bewaarschool, Amsterdams Welvaren Frontispiece 

" Holland's Welfare " — The John Warder School at Amster- 
dam Mary Willits Brown 2 

Note on John Warder 8 

Extract from a Letter of John Dickinson, 1799 9 

A Remonstrance from Burlington Quarterly Meeting, 1732, 

with Remarks Thereon 10 

Some Account of a Journey to the Cherokees, 1839-1840 

(Continued) David E. Knowles 15 

James Logan to William Penn, 1708 22 

An Acknowledgment by James Logan, 1702 26 

Voltaire and the Quaker, Claude Gay 27 

Books of Interest to Friends 31 

Notes and Queries 36 

Annual Meeting, 1916 39 

Officers and Council, 1916-1917 40 



Note. — The editor does not hold himself responsible for any state- 
ment made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the Bulletin should be addressed to Allen C. Thomas, 
Haverford, Pa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary-Treasurer, 
24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, gi.oo per annum. All members receive the Bulletin free. 



2 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

" HOLLAND'S WELFARE." 

BY MARY WILLITS BROWN. 

Some years ago I ran across the following paragraph in a 
little religious paper for the use of children and young people : 

" Americans who are travelling through the picturesque lit- 
tle country of Holland, should not fail to visit the Bereenstraat 
in Amsterdam, for they will find in that street a school which has 
a curious history. England, Holland and America, all had a 
hand in the making, so that it may be termed an international 
afifair. A school on Dutch soil whose pupils speak no language 
but their own, yet conducted by English Quakers from funds 
derived from an American citizen — surely this is a unique com- 
bination ! " 

" There are many instances in which charity commissioners 
have had to step in and alter the distribution of funds which had 
accumulated in consequence of the trust becoming extinct. There 
is, however, one trust connected with Devonshire House Meeting 
in London which must be unique, as an illustration of the austerity 
with which Friends one hundred and more years ago maintained 
their testimony against all war." (Quoted from a private paper.) 

Several years since, just before I was sailing for Holland to 
attend a Dutch wedding, in Amsterdam, our friend, Joel Cadbury, 
of Philadelphia, .requested me to visit this school, founded with 
funds that came originally from his ancestor, John Warder. He 
desired me to bring him some account of this school as it now 
stands. 

In 178 1, John Warder, a member of Devonshire House 
Monthly Meeting, became unwittingly involved in the reprisals 
carried on between England and America, by means of privateers. 
He was engaged in business as a merchant, and, in connection 
with a certain Captain Smith, was owner, in equal proportions, 
of a vessel called the " Nancy," which set sail from England for 
New York. 



" HOLLAND'S WELFARE." 3 

This Captain Smith, without any knowledge or approval on 
his part (as John Warder assured his friends), took out letters 
of marque, commissioning the " Nancy " to act as privateer to- 
ward any vessel of the other contending powers. Holland was 
included in this, as an ally of America. 

It so happened that the " Nancy," carrying 12 guns, and the 
" Eleanora," carrying 18 guns, encountered a Dutch East India- 
man on its homeward voyage to Amsterdam. They attacked and 
captured her, and, from the nature of her cargo, she proved a 
rich prize. 

On hearing of Captain Smith's action, John Warder, in 
order to guard himself against any claims that might arise, in- 
sured for £2000 with the underwriters at Lloyd's on the suppo- 
sition that such an amount would cover his share in the captured 
vessel. 

This boat, " The Hollandische Welvaren or Wolvaert," was 
taken into Limerick to refit, but on her way around to London, 
encountering a storm, was lost. 

John Warder then claimed and received :^^m Lloyd's the 
amount of insurance, less the premium and expensbs,-^TJakih|f^1:he 
exact amount, £1833, 3s., Qd. ' , " 

With their known testimony against war, the Friends of 
Devonshire House Monthly Meeting visited John Warder in the 
matter. He, being in sympathy with Friends on the subject of 
war, and, as a proof that he wished to act in accordance with 
Friends' views, placed £2000 of stock in the joint names of him- 
self and two Overseers in trust, loth month, 1782, from which 
all just claims should be paid as they arose. In this trust deed he 
stipulated eighteen months, and, if within that time no claims 
came forward, the investment should become his own. But the 
Monthly Meeting thought that " no stipulation as to time could 
bar the Christian obligation for restitution " (quotation from the 
minutes.) 

Two years and a quarter having elapsed and no claimants 
appearing, John Warder requested the Overseers to transfer the 
stock into his own name, which was accordingly done. Soon 
after this John Warder sailed for America, landing in Philadel- 



4 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

phia, and was gone four years, though without the certificate of 
membership for which he had applied. 

In 1790, he was visited again by Friends in London, but he 
sailed for America a second time without a settlement, and in 
1792 the London Monthly Meeting made a statement and re- 
quested Philadelphia Monthly Meeting to visit John Warder on 
their behalf. 

In 3d month, 1793, a reply was received. The report states 
that John Warder (while considering that everything needful had 
been done by him) is willing to set apart a sum of money for such 
claims as may arise. And a letter from the committee in Phila- 
delphia enters more fully into the case " expressing a hope that 
John Warder may be considered to have complied with the wishes 
of the Meeting nearly enough and that the Meeting may feel dis- 
posed to appoint a few Friends to unite with one who may be 
appointed by John Warder, in making a strict inquiry after the 
owners of the prize, so that thereby he may be enabled to get 
clear of his entanglement to his own peace and the honor of 
righteousness, having observed a commendable disposition in him 
and his family in their attendance at Meetings and in other re- 
spects." This compromise seemed only just and there was evi- 
dence that the arrangement would be carried out, but unfortu- 
nately John Warder's affairs becoming embarrassed, he was un- 
able to put this into execution until 1799, when he transferred 
the whole amount of £1833, 3s., 9d. to three Friends of Devon- 
shire House Monthly Meeting in perpetual trust, stating " that, 
if, after diligent search, such owners cannot be found the Monthly 
Meeting shall dispose of such amount, in such a way as they 
shall think most consistent with their principles of justice and 
equity." The case of John Warder was now dismissed and a cer- 
tificate of Christian Fellowship forwarded to Philadelphia 
Monthly Meeting Northern District in 1800, as he had taken up 
his residence in that city. 

The Devonshire House Monthly Meeting had no easy task 
in seeking those who might have suffered loss, and for 12 years 
very little was done, war interrupting communication with the 
continent, but in 1812 a committee of six Friends was appointed 
for six years " to take such measures as may seem suitable." 



" HOLLAND'S WELFARE." 5 

At length, as a result of extensive advertising in Dutch news- 
papers and by means of an old ledger which they found, certain 
claimants appeared. 

The committee reported from year to year and the Monthly 
Meeting continued to order payments until 1818, when no fur- 
ther claimants appearing, the committee was discharged. 

At this time, by good investments and from accumulating 
dividends, the original sum had increased to more than seven 
thousand pounds so that after paying out £3345 to claimants, 
there was left a balance in cash and stock of more than the orig- 
inal amount. It was therefore clear, that, whilst great delay had 
occurred in the disposal of the fund, there had been no waste in 
the principal. 

The question arising before Friends to decide was : " What 
shall be done with the money?" The Monthly Meeting allowed 
a year to elapse and then recorded its judgment in the following 
minute : 

" This meeting has solidly and fully deliberated on the sub- 
ject of the Trust property remaining in the hands of Trustees 
connected with the case of John Warder and having read and 
considered the Trust deed, is of the judgment that the applica- 
tion of the remaining accumulated sum is completely vested in 
the disposal of the Meeting according to its judgment of the 
principles of justice and equity." A committee was then ap- 
pointed to take up the matter of the appropriation of this balance, 
but for some years nothing occurred in their reports to the 
Monthly Meeting excepting that more stock was purchased with 
dividends. At length, in 1824, a definite proposal came before 
the Meeting, and the problem was solved by a visiting Dutch 
Friend. 

John Stephen Mollett had become greatly interested in an in- 
fant school which had recently been started in Spitalfields, one of 
the most poverty-stricken parts of London. 

As there were no free schools in Holland, he suggested that 
such a school might be established in Amsterdam with great suc- 
cess. 

The money had come from the ship " Holland's Welfare" 



6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

and they were agreed that for Holland it should be expended, 
so that the proposal met with favor in the Monthly Meeting, 
but from one cause or another a delay of over four years oc- 
curred before this was put into execution, and in the meantime 
several special cases of distress in Amsterdam were relieved 
through J. S. Mollett and an annual distribution of bread was 
made, at which time the origin of the fund was explained to 
the people. Stephen Grellet being present on one of these occa- 
sions remarked that " no more powerful peace sermon could have 
been preached than that embodied in these circumstances."^ 

Finally in 1829 a house was taken on the Bereenstraat and 
a school opened for indigent infant children, modelled on the 
plan of the London school, J. Stephen Mollett superintending the 
arrangements. The success was marked, the benefit and example 
being freely acknowledged by the citizens, for in their list of 
public schools later, " Holland's Welfare " stood first, while in 
a letter from J. S. Mollett, just prior to his death, he writes : 
" This school remains to be a blessing to the city, and though 
other public schools have now been established, ' Holland's Wel- 
fare ' obtains a marked preference." After some years the house 
became so old that it was found necessary to rebuild and English 
Friends, not wishing so excellent an institution to be closed, as it 
was a proof of their views against war, subscribed the money 
and in 1864 the present substantial building was erected at their 
own expense. 

The lower part is of yellow plaster with a full rigged ship 
over the door and the initials J. W. in three places across the 

^ Stephen Grellet's account is as follows : " We came to Amsterdam 
on the i8th [of Seventh month, 183.2], and visited the Infant School, sup- 
ported out of the interest of the residue of the money proceeding from 
the share of John Warder in the prizes made during the war by a vessel 
in which he was concerned. They have now upwards of sixty children in 
that school. The building purchased for the purpose is a convenient one, 
and the matron, under whose especial care it is placed, appears to act the 
part of a mother and a Christian towards these young children. Our tes- 
timony against war is exalted through this act of justice and benevolence. 
Many persons come to visit the establishment." Memoirs of Stephen 
Grellet, B. Scebohm. London, i860, Vol. II, 250, 251.— [Editor.] 



" HOLLAND'S WELFARE." 7 

front. Under the window is painted " Bewaarschool Amster- 
dams Welvaren." 

A large wooden tablet, inserted in the wall of the main en- 
trance, recounts the circumstances leading to the founding of 
the school in both English and Dutch. 

Children of poor parents are admitted, between the ages of 
3 and 6 years, though some of these seemed to be somewhat 
older. As order and cleanliness are cardinal principles " the 
children must be taken to and from the school by a member of 
the family, and they must be neat, tidy and plainly dressed. 
Sweets are not allowed." 

At the two daily sessions the elementary branches are taught, 
short poems, suited to their age and capacity, are committed to 
memory and lessons in singing given. The school opens and 
closes with singing and prayer and a daily reading of the Bible. 

A committee of four ladies superintends the management 
with a school mistress and three assistants. In the summer a 
vacation of three weeks is given and one at Whitsuntide. 

To quote from a granddaughter of John Warder: " A lively 
scene is presented in the morning with the arrival of the rosy- 
cheeked children, all eyes catching sight of a clock dial pointing 
to the school hour with the inscription ' Let op den Tyd.' mean- 
ing ' Be Punctual.' Gathering in two rooms the young voices are 
heard in the opening hymn, and later their arms and hands can 
be seen swinging and whirling in circles to imitate the windmill, 
so familiar a sight in Holland. 

" On the wall in the upper floor were pictures of William 
Allen, Samuel Gurney, Elizabeth Fry and J. S. jVIollett. In the 
little library (shown me with much pride by the principal, Miss 
Otten), were ' Sewel's History of the Quakers.' in Dutch, dated 
1717, ' History of Friends in America,' ' Life of Joseph John 
Gurney' and ' Fri^snds' Memoirs in English' (several volumes), 
but as most of the leaves were uncut, I judged these books had 
not been read. 

" As I could speak no Dutch and they could speak but little 
English our conversation was limited, but the children crowded 
aroimd us when they fotmd we were from America, making up 



8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

for lack of speech that was understandable, by a vigorous shake 
of the hands. They could certainly shake hands in English even 
if they could not speak it, and my husband's ear trumpet was in- 
tensely interesting. 

" They recited and sang for us and their bright, friendly 
faces were a pleasure to see." 

J. S. Mollett died in 185 1, but for ten years previous to that 
his son-in-law, Daniel Boisswain, Jr., had become associated in 
the work and continued his interest for many years after to the 
satisfaction of Devonshire House Monthly Meeting. 

The school's influence has been exerted not only over the 
thousands of children who have been in attendance, but it has 
been a model for other infant schools throughout Holland. 

" Holland's Welfare !" It is a fitting name for a school 
where the children of the poor find instruction, warmth and shel- 
ter; where they are taught to love God and their country. 

The John Warder School is still doing its good work and 
we trust will be a blessing to generations yet to come. 

Germantozvn, Philadelphia. 



NOTE ON JOHN WARDER. 

Through the kindness and courtesy of a descendant of John 
Warder, the editor is able to give the following information con- 
cerning John Warder: 

John Warder was the son of Jeremiah and Mary Head 
Warder, and was born in Philadelphia the 5th of Fifth month, 
1 75 1, at the southeast corner of Market Street and Letitia Place 
(now Letitia Street). He was the eleventh in a family of twelve 
children. He went to England in 1776. Family tradition has it 
that he was not in sympathy with the American Revolution, and 
that no doubt was the cause of his removal. He established him- 
self in business in London, and in 1779 married Ann Head, of 
Ipswich. No doubt his certificate of removal went to London 
at the time of his removal there. 



EXTRACT FROM A LETTER OF JOHN DICKINSON, 1799 9 

John Warder made several trips to this country in connec- 
tion with his business, but in 1795 he settled permanently in 
Philadelphia, and in connection with his sons, established an im- 
porting house at the southwest corner of Delaware Avenue and 
Race Street. 

He died Fifth month 7th, 1828, at the age of seventy-seven, 
and was buried in the Friends' Western Burial Ground at Six- 
teenth and Race Streets. It is recorded that on his death-bed he 
enjoined upon his sons not to withdraw the prize-money from the 
English trustees for their own use. 

John and Ann Warder had ten children, and their descend- 
ants are numerous, many of whom are well known to a number 
of the readers of the Bulletin. Among John Warder's grand- 
children are our Philadelphia Friends, John W. and Joel Cadbury, 
and in the next generation Richard T. Cadbury, Dr. William 
W. Cadbury, and Henry J. Cadbury of Haverford College. 



EXTRACT FROM A LETTER OF JOHN DICKINSON.^ 

In answer to the letter alluded to, I soon received one from 
him [John Dickinson], a part whereof I here insert for thine and 
thy companions perusal, as it shows some of his sentiments. 

" Happiness is not the growth of any particular spot of the 
Earth, like the Sun it would enlighten & revive every climate, if 
the passions & affections of mankind, inordinately excited, those 
mental fogs, did not so frequently & extensively intercept the pure 
rays of uncreated Light, perpetually flowing from their Eternal & 
inexhaustible Fountain. When, when shall we frail Mortals 
grow wiser & better ! How slow, how reluctant are our steps, 
when Truth & humanity in clear & gentle accents call us out from 



^ The above note is part of a postscript to a letter written by James 
Bringhurst from Tiverton, Rhode Island, to Elizabeth Coggeshall, then 
visiting in England. The letter itself was printed in the Bulletin, Vol. 
5, p. 60. The date is, Tiverton, Rhode Island 8'*^ of lo^^^ mo I790- For 
this extract the Bulletin is indebted to M. Ethel Crawshaw. of London. 



10 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

the ways of supposed interest ! Fatal error ! As if any thing 
could be for our interest, that is displeasing in the sight of the 
infinitely Holy Being, who bestow'd upon us our Existence & all 
the faculties combined with it. 

" What a remarkable instance of Intellectual darkness is men- 
tioned in thy letter, a Person of large understanding & many 
good qualities holding numbers of his fellow man, at this time in 
severe Bondage. I fear that thy opinion is too favorable to me, 
in imagining that any efforts of mine could be of use on that 
occasion. I know by experience the horrid infatuation : almost 
miraculously I escaped out of the thick clay & the lurid atmos- 
phere, & was in that instance favor'd to turn my back on the 
Tents of Abomination. May men more & more perceive the 
blessings of mercifulness, etc." John Dickinson. 



A REMONSTRANCE FROM BURLINGTON QUAR- 
TERLY MEETING, 1732, WITH REMARKS 
THEREON.^ 

fifrom our Quarterly Meeting held at Burlington the 28*'' of 
ye 6 month 1732 

To our Yearly Meeting to be held at Burlington in the 7th 
month [9th month New Style] next — 

The iifriends appointed by our sd Quartl. Meeting as Repre- 
sentatives to attend ye servis of ye Yearly Meeting are as vnder : 
Dan" Smith, Ebinezer Large, Johnath" Wright, John Redman, 
Caleb Raper, Nathan^ Cripps, Edward Barton, Isaac Hornor, 
W° Morris, W" Murfi, Abr™. ffarington, Richard fifrench, John 
Sykes, Gervas Pharo, Mordica Andrews, Jun' — 

The Reports ffrom our Severall Month : Meetings Concern- 
ing the State amounts to this, that in the generall ffriends are 
in love & vnity and first day and Week Day ]\Ieetings pretty well 
kept vp and attended and a Care and a Concern is on the Minds 

^ From original in Library of Haverford College. 



REMONSTRANCE BURLINGTON QUARTERLY MEETING, ii 

of honest hartecl ffriends to keep vp and Maintaine the discipline 
of ye Church and to putt ye same in practice as they see occation 
for it. 

According to Last Years agreement our Quoto of Collection 
is Lodged in ye hands of Dan" Smith, & Caleb Raper for the 
Servis of ye Yearly Meeting as vsuall. 

But had not had any Epistle from London this year This 
Meeting has it vnder their Care & Notice the Removing marks 
of distinction on gravestones oute of their Burying grounds but 
meets with sum difficulty in that affaire. 

This Meeting not being ffully sattisfyed with Last years 
answer to our Request of advise about Marriages in nearness 
of kindred in affinity, desires it may Com vnder Sollid Consid- 
eration againe and to haue a more direct and particuler answer 
in that affare, and hopes the Meeting will Exkuse vs herein by 
Reason we haue of Late ben Exercised with sundry marriages 
of this kindes as one man marrying two sisters & by persons pro- 
fessing truth. 

This Meeting being dissattisfyed Concerning the former 
Minut of the Yearly Meeting Relating to young Ministers being 
debarred from ye Meeting of Ministers & Elders, withoute tlie 
Month. Meetings approbation & Recommendation, therefore 
desires the said Minuit may be Rased out, and that wee fall into 
the same practice in that affaire as our ffriends in Wope. 

Exanf' : & Signed on Behalfe of sd Meeting 

pr Richard Smith 

Clerk 



Remarks on a Remonstrance from Burlington Quarterly 
Meeting, 1732. 

The document printed above is unusually interesting as it 
mentions some of the matters which gave rise to considerable dis- 
cussion among Friends during a large part of the eighteenth 
century. 

It should be remembered that at the time the report was 
written there was no printed Discipline, or. indeed, any complete 



12 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Discipline as now understood. Manuscript "Advices " from the 
Yearly Meetings took the place of the more modern codes, and 
as a result modifications were more frequent.^ 

The removing of grave-stones, which caused much heart- 
burning, was part of the effort, which lasted many years, to sup- 
press display and outward show as belonging to what was after- 
ward termed " creaturely activity." There was very much of 
good in the movement, though there can now be no doubt that it 
was pushed to extremes. It tended to lay too much stress on the 
external, a fact which injured true spirituality, and its severity 
alienated and drove out many who would have been most valuable 
members of the Society. 

Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in 1706 adopted a Minute 
which reads: " This Meeting do give it as their sense and judg- 
ment that it is altogether wrong, and of evil tendency for to have 
any grave-stones or any other sort of monument over or about 
the graves in any of Friends' Burying Grounds, and further that 
those monuments that are already in the Burying Grounds, either 
of wood or stone, shall be taken away, and no new put up, but 
to be as sparing as Friends well can for those who were not 
Friends and put up before the Burying Ground was solely con- 
firmed to Friends." This Minute was repeated in 1707 with the 
addition, " and if any particular Friend or Friends oppose it, he 
or she should be dealt with as disorderly persons." 

Another Minute was passed in 1729. This long Minute 
" advises and cautions " against the " vanity and superstition of 
erecting monuments and entombing the dead, with singular notes 
or marks of distinction," and says that " some professing with 
us have set up tomb or gravestones in some Burying Grounds." 
The advice of 1706 is repeated, and Monthly Meetings are di- 
rected to deal with such as refuse to remove the stones. The 
same advice was repeated every year until 1735, inclusive, and 
how much longer the writer does not know. It is evident that 
there was a strong minority against this judgment, for the Minute 

1 Disciplines in the modern sense began to be formed about 1759, but 
they were not printed. Disciplines were printed in the following order : 
London, 1783 ; New England, 1785 ; Philadelphia, 1797. 



REMONSTRANCE BURLINGTON QUARTERLY MEETING. 13 

of 1732 states, " though this Meeting is not willing to proceed so 
far at present as to direct the denying [that is, to disown] of 
those who so oppose (in hopes that further dealing and patient 
waiting may answer the end, without that severity) yet it is the 
sense of this Meeting that such persons had need be cautioned, 
and strictly examine themselves what spirit it is in them that thus 
stands in opposition to the minds of the generality of Friends 
both in Great Britain and these Provinces." 

After many years the prohibition became effective, and the 
Burying Grounds of Friends were places where only the " heav- 
ing turf " indicated the character of the enclosure. This move- 
ment and its success had two effects which perhaps were not 
fully realized during the period of compulsion. First, those who 
felt the restriction most no longer made use of the Society's 
grounds. Secondly, and later, in certain places, individual 
Friends united and formed associations to own burying grounds 
which would be free of Meeting restrictions. In such grounds, 
while simplicity and inexpensiveness were required, small or low 
stones were allowed to mark the resting-places of the dead. Had 
the restrictions adopted by these private owners been adopted by 
the Meetings in the first instance, it would have been far better 
for the Society. 

The reference to " Marriages in nearness of kindred in 
affinity" needs some explanation. Friends from the very first 
raised the covenant of marriage to a very high plane. But this 
side of the matter need not be dwelt upon now. Here the ques- 
tion relates to the marriage of relatives, and in this report to the 
marriage with a deceased wife's sister, and with connections as 
the result of marriage. London Yearly Meeting in 1675 pro- 
hibited the marriage of first cousins, and while the same rule held 
among American Friends, the records show that it was fre- 
quently violated. English Friends in 1709 prohibited the mar- 
riage of second cousins, but the reiteration of this rule in 1747, 
1749, 1801, and 1833 indicates that it must have been not unfre- 
quently violated. In 1883, in spite of some strong opposition, the 
restriction against the marriage of first cousins (and consequently 
of second cousins) was removed, though such marriages were 



14 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

strongly discouraged. In 1906 London Yearly Meeting adopted 
a Minute allowing any marriage which the law sanctioned, and 
that is the rule which governs at present. In America the mar- 
riage of first cousins has always been discouraged by Friends, 
and for many years forbidden by some, if not all, the Yearly 
Meetings. In most Yearly Meetings, by such a marriage mem- 
bership in the Society was thereby relinquished, though it was cus- 
tomary to issue a " Testimony of Disownment " so as to make a 
record of the fact on the Society's books. As most Meetings 
would receive such delinquents back again if proper acknowledg- 
ments were made, such marriages did take place. Indeed, so 
often were such acknowledgments made and received, that 
special " advices " were issued advising Friends to be careful not 
to receive acknowledgments too readily. 

The Discipline of the Five Years Meeting states that " par- 
ties who are to marry must carefully observe the laws of their 
State." This is practically the same as the English rule. 

Philadelphia Yearly Meeting followed the practice of Lon- 
don and the American Yearly Meetings, and the last revision 
(1910) simply retains the prohibition of the marriage of first 
cousins. 

The marriage with a deceased wife's sister was generally 
forbidden among American Friends, and extended to a deceased 
wife's half sister. This restriction gradually fell into disuse, and 
now such marriages are generally allowed. ^ 



2 By State law the marriage of first cousins is now (1916) prohibited 
in Pennsylvania (since 1902), and also in Arizona, Arkansas, Illinois, 
Indiana, Kansas, South Dakota, Washington, Wyoming, and in Alaska. 
The marriage with a deceased wife's sister has probably always been 
allowed in America, except, as mentioned above, among Friends. This 
kind of marriage (and also with a deceased husband's brother) was long 
forbidden (except for a short period) in England through the influence 
of the Established Church and the House of Lords. It was legalized in 
1907, but by one of those curious inconsistencies, which are not infrequent 
in English polity, the restriction was not removed as to a deceased hus- 
band's brother. So that now, while a man may marry his deceased wife's 
sister, a woman may not marry her deceased husband's brother! 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHEROKEES. 15 

The clause regarding " young Ministers " is not very clear. 
It appears from the records that it was not an unusual practice 
for those who " appeared in the Ministry " to be invited to attend 
the Meeting of Ministers and Elders before they had been offi- 
cially " recommended " or recorded as Ministers. It was this 
practice which led to the " advice " from Philadelphia Yearly 
Meeting (1730) which was not acceptable to the Friends of Bur- 
lington and Bucks Quarterly Meeting as mentioned in the report 
before us. Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in 1732 referred this 
very report to a committee of fourteen Friends who were " de- 
sired to bring their sense thereof to the next Yearly Meeting." 
The committee reported in 1733, " that it might become generally 
satisfactory and equally useful to have it expressed, without the 
permission of the Monthly Meeting to which said young Minis- 
ters belong first had, and signified to the Meetings of Ministers 
and Elders by one of the Elders, or other weighty Friend belong- 
ing to said Monthly Meeting, which report was approved by this 
Meeting." This decision was again before the Meeting in 1734, 
and again approved. 

In Philadelphia the Meeting is still restricted to actual Min- 
isters and Elders, but in London, Dublin, and in the Meetings 
composing the Five Years Meeting, the addition of Overseers, 
making a " Meeting on Ministry and Oversight," has so enlarged 
the number of members, and also the scope of the Meeting, that 
admission of other interested Friends is not uncommon. 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHERO- 
KEES IN 1839-1840; BEING EXTRACTS FROM THE 
JOURNAL OF DAVID E. KNOWLES. 

Part II. 

3rd month 25, 1840, Fourth day. — Attended Richland Pre- 
parative Meeting [Ohio]. The business of the Meeting was 
done by men and women, each in their side of the house, with no 
partition between, neither had they one comfortable seat, being 
benches with no backs, yet a Meeting of rich Friends — at least 



i6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

some of them. Then returned to James Smith's [at Miami], 
having travelled 150 miles and attended eight Meetings. 

[At Miami a Friend " had a prospect of going to the 
Indians " with our Friend, but gave it up. At Miami Quarterly 
Meeting the matter of this journey was brought up and was given 
" solid consideration," with the result of the appointment of a 
large committee " to render such assistance as they should think 
necessary on behalf of the Meeting." By 5th month i6th the 
Friend " who had given up the prospect " of accompanying the 
Knowleses felt best satisfied to change his mind again and re- 
ceived a certificate from Miami Monthly Meeting. His name 
was Simon F. Harvey. 

At length on the 30th of 5th month the party of three started 
from Cincinnati by steamboat for Fort Smith, Arkansas. After 
being delayed several hours to repair the paddles of one of the 
wheels broken by striking a floating log, the travellers reached 
Louisville, Kentucky, 138 miles, on the first of 6th month. 
Here flour, bacon, and whiskey, and slaves bound for New Or- 
leans, were taken on board, and after a halt of two days the boat 
started again. The rest of the trip was marked by storms, run- 
ning upon snags, and other incidents not unusual on such river 
trips. On 6th month loth they reached Little Rock, Arkansas. 
The next day the boat started again but about thirty miles above 
Little Rock the boat struck on a sand bank. After some diffi- 
culty the Captain succeeded in backing off his boat, and concluded 
to remain all night. The next day, finding the water was falling 
and hearing that the river was scarcely passable for his boat 
above, he determined, much to the sorrow of our Friends, to re 
turn to Little Rock. The journalist, however, writes, " Yet our 
disappointment was a little eased by recollecting that near one 
hundred barrels of whiskey was stayed from the Indians, at least 
for a while." He goes on] 

6th month nth. — We reached town [Little Rock] at about 
nine this morning and soon found a boat was to start up the river 
at about three o'clock. Our Captain paid our passage to Van- 
buren, ten miles below Fort Smith ; the passage was sixty-five 
dollars. This seemed hard for only two hundred miles. On re- 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHEROKEES. 17 

considering this step we thought best to withdraw, which we in- 
formed the clerk of the boat of. He then went and saw the other 
Captain; he gave up the money, and we stayed at our old home 
[on the boat] this night, being best satisfied with the thought of 
going by land, trying as it was, not being satisfied to turn back. 

[Before leaving the boat which had been their home for two 
weeks, our Friends tried to gain permission for '' a meeting in the 
cabin with as many of the crew as could attend and such of the 
passengers as had a mind to." The matter was postponed by the 
Captain till morning, and then the excuse was given that there 
was not time. The travellers now made use of their horses and 
carriage which had accompanied them on the boat from Cincin- 
nati. This was their only means of conveyance, except when 
crossing ferries, until their return home to Vermont.] 

6th month, 13th, Seventh day. — We crossed the ferry from 
Little Rock on to the north side of the river, and feeling our trust 
to be in Him who careth for the sparrows we proceeded into the 
woods. . . . We passed through valleys and over rocky moun- 
tains eighteen miles and saw few mhabitants, the last twelve 
miles being without a house. . . . 

14th, First day. — We travelled twenty-four miles and stopped 
at Samuel Plummer's for the night. He said he knew us to be 
Friends as soon as he saw the woman. He came from Washing- 
ton City and had attended Friends' Meetings many a time. He 
and wife were very kind and we spent the night very agreeably, 
they seemed almost like relations in this distant land. . . . 

19th, Sixth day. — Reached the town of Vanburen before 

noon, took dinner. At this town we called on Pascal. 

His wife is the daughter of the celebrated Cherokee Indian Chief 
John Ridge. We informed him of our wish to visit the station 
and our object therein and wished him to give us such informa- 
tion as would be useful to us as far as he could, which he did very 
freely and wished a blessing on our labors. We felt his kind- 
nesses. He is a great man with the Indians, one party of them, 
and a lawyer of note. We left him feeling we had many causes 
for thankfulness, the way having been made so much easier than 
we had expected by land so far (165 miles). We left Vanburen 



i8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

about 3 o'clock P. M. and passed over some points of the Ozark 
Mountains, about six miles and staid at Farrington. 

20th, Seventh day. — This morning entered the Cherokee Na- 
tion. Soon saw some of them at their own homes, but could not 
talk with them, so passed on to one Winter's i8 miles and fed, 
not finding corn before. Then ten miles to Dwight Mission 
(Presbyterian). 

2 1st, First day. — We thought it right to attend Meeting with 
them. The minister not being at home one Hitchcock officiated. 
Instead of preaching read an old sermon. Their round of cere- 
mony was rapid. We attended their Sabbath School, an inter- 
esting company. Their common school for several years past has 
been about sixty scholars boarded and taught gratis. . . . 

23rd, Third day. — Feeling drawings to have a meeting in 
this neighborhood, our minds were much bruised [?]. Silent 
waiting on God had little place amongst them as appeared, though 
their preacher said some of the most satisfactory seasons he had 
in meetings was when he would have a little time for silent medi- 
tation. After considerable deliberation among ourselves I pro- 
posed to Septs. Washburs, their pastor the appointment of a 
meeting. It was readily acceded to and the time fixed at three 
o'clock. We went to meeting. It consisted of about thirty per- 
sons mostly of the school. We sat some time silent, my wife then 
was drawn forth in lively supplication ; silence again prevailed 
some time; feeling the importance of inward and spiritual wor- 
ship, and also the arisings of life — I stood up and was favored 
to proceed a little time, when, through fear that I should multiply 
words without sufficient knowledge, I sat down. My wife soon 
stood up a little time with a lively testimony. We then sat silent 
some time, I then thought it right to revive Solomon's words, 
" There is a time to speak and a time to keep silence. When the 
Lord opens none can or may shut, and when the Lord shutteth 
none can open. I have no doubt but this may appear singular 
to some of you, at least, to see people thus met together for to 
worship God and sit thus silent, but how doth this agree with the 
declaration of the Almighty by the Prophet, " Keep silence be- 
fore me Oh Islands and let the people renew their strength, let 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHEROKEES. 19 

them draw near, then let them speak ; " let us come near together 
to judgment, with more [words] on true and spiritual worship, 
and so forth. 

6th month 24, Fourth day. — Went to Parkhill, 24 miles, hav- 
ing John Candy, who came from that place the day before as 
guide. . . . Sixth day went to the house of Young Wolf, a Cher- 
okee, and Methodist preacher. His pleasant countenance and 
venerable appearance was cheering as he met us at the gate. 
Their evening service, all in Cherokee, was performd in a most 
solemn manner, and I have no doubt was in a good measure 
owned by the Great Master, after which Drusilla knelt with lively 
thanksgiving and supplication they could all understand. . . . 

27th. Seventh day. — Just before breakfast we were called into 
the room, and all sat down silent. This was altogether unex- 
pected for we supposed they were agoing to attend morning 
service. We soon found an exercise attending which soon arose 
into life to offer up thanks for the past and supplicate for pre- 
servation for the future. This I endeavored to attend to in sim- 
plicity. We then went to the table. After breakfast we got in 
our carriage, being about half-past five, and rode twenty-four 
miles to Spring Creek in seven hours. Our friend Wolf was 
with us, and rode some in our carriage, Simon [Harvey] rode his 
horse. He expected to meet a large number of Cherokees and 
hold a Temperance meeting, but now learned it would be on the 
morrow so we rode three miles to Joseph Vans, Second Chief. 
He was much rejoiced at the news of general peace in the Nation 
[the Cherokee Nation], which was ratified in Council the evening 
before.^ 



1 It should be remembered that in 1838 the Cherokees, whose home 
was in Georgia, were forced to make a treaty with the United States dis- 
posing of their lands in Georgia, and agreeing to move beyond the Mis- 
sissippi River. Refusing to do this, they were forced to march at the 
point of the bayonet by United States soldiers. On this march, about 
4,000, nearly one-fourth of the number, perished. The details are too 
many to enter into here, but the story is humiliating to truly patriotic 
Americans. The Cherokees claimed that under the old treaty they were 
recognized as an independent nation, which was true. On the other hand, 
a separate sovereignty within the United States was an impossible 



20 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

We rode to the place of meeting, about three miles mostly 
through the woods without a road, a new loghouse without floor, 
with split logs for seats and a sort of pulpit. Their service was 
performed with great solemnity, and while John F. Boot, a 
Cherokee, was preaching my mind was contemplating on the 
atonement of our Saviour for mankind, and the door of salva- 
tion opened through Him, and felt a good degree of life attended. 
My meditation was a little interrupted by my friend Wolf, at 
whose side I sat, who turning his head to me said, " he is treat- 
ing on the sacrifice of Jesus Christ and the means of salvation 
through Him." Thus was it proved to my satisfaction that I was 
favored to travel in spirit with him though not a word could be 
understood. After their meeting was over they held a Temper- 
ance meeting. Many of them were interested in it; a lecture 
was delivered and several names added. After this we were in- 
formed that there was an opportunity then for us to offer what 
we had for the people. After a little time of silence I stood up 
and informed them in short the object of our visit, that believing 
it to be our duty to God under the influence of that Spirit that 
breathes peace on earth and good will to man are we come ; and 
spoke of the satisfaction in meeting thus with them, and more, 
as seemed to be right. Young Wolf interpreting. My wife was 
also engaged in supplication and exhortation, of which he gave 
the substance to the people. An interesting time which tended 



anomaly. The Supreme Court had upheld the Cherokees in regard to 
their lands, but President Jackson refused to enforce the decree of the 
Court, saying, it is reported, "John Marshall has made his decision; now 
let him enforce it." In Georgia there were two parties among the Chero- 
kees ; one, headed by John Ross, averse to the removal ; the other, headed 
by John Ridge, which believed it was wisest to make the best of a bad 
business, and accept the Treaty. These factions were continued after 
reaching the new home, when a third was added w^hich was composed of 
those Cherokees who had gone out some time earlier. This faction was 
known as the " Old Settlers." The peace referred to the Journal was not 
permanent. Factions continued to trouble the Cherokees for twenty-five 
or thirty years. It was doubtless the knowledge of the sufferings of the 
Cherokees in Georgia and on their westward march, which consciously 
or unconsciously, led David E. Knowles to make his visit. — [Editor.] 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHEROKEES. 21 

to much satisfaction both to us and them, as some of them ex- 
pressed their satisfaction and unity publicly at that time. Most 
of them took leave of us by shaking hands, and so we parted 
about 9 o'clock having been six hours at this meeting-house. We 

rode two miles to , and took some refreshment. He 

said he was glad we had been at his house though a little time. 
We then rode to Judge Martin's, eight miles. This is near the 
great salt spring and near the Neosho or Grand River. Young 
Wolf and J. F. Boot were our guides. 

29th, Second day. — Rested, except going near a mile to ?ee 
the salt spring. It is a curiosity in nature. We stopped at 
John Rogers, another great man amongst them. 

Third day. — Returned to Young Wolf's, 34 miles. Fourth 
day to Park Hill Mission again. . . . 

7th month 8th, Fourth day. — We left the Mission after noon 
and rode a little way to the house of William Williams. He was 
raised among Friends until sixteen years old, then left his mas- 
ter to whom he was bound and appears to have lived a very 
prodigal life. The sight of Friends and hearing from some of 
his near relations brought past scenes to remembrance (when he 
was young). We had an opportunity with him and family (con- 
sisting partly of colored people)^ of which they seemed glad. We 
then rode to Jack Ross's. It is also the home of John Ross, 
Chief. They are brothers-in-law. 

5th. — Rainy. We are kindly invited to rest contented, for 
what we receive from them comes from the heart. Such is the 
hearty welcome with which we are received in this strange land 
also called savage. 

{To he continued.) 



* These may have been slaves, as the Cherokees were slaveholders. 



22 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

JAMES LOGAN TO WILLIAM PENN, 1708. 

The following letter from James Logan to William Penn, 
written in 1708, is from the Rowland Collection of Manu- 
scripts belonging to Haverford College. It is not in the " Penn 
and Logan Correspondence," ^ or Janney's Life of Penn. This 
copy is evidently Logan's rough draft, as is shown by the altera- 
tions in the text. The original drafts are here given in the form 
of notes. 

The letter was written when William Penn's fortunes were 
at the lowest ebb, owing to the " villany," as Logan calls it, of 
Philip Ford and family. Logan never hesitated to use strong 
words, of which practice this letter is a good example. The 
Fords and David Lloyd are handled without gloves. 

The letter is also interesting as indicating Logan's view re- 
garding defensive war (so called). In this he differed from the 
majority of his contemporary Friends. Logan's position is 
elaborately stated in his letter to the Philadelphia Friends in 
1771.^ He never accepted fully the teaching of Friends on war. 
He held that defensive war was not only justifiable, but that gov- 
ernment was founded on force; and that, this being so, force, 
under certain circumstances, was not only allowable but neces- 
sary. 

Logan, even when he was writing this letter, was under- 
going some of the experiences which he mentions. In 1706 the 
Pennsylvania Assembly, probably at the instance of David Lloyd, 
then Speaker, had impeached Logan on a number of charges, but 
he had not been brought to trial. In November, 1709, Logan, 
who had taken passage for England on account " of the Proprie- 
tor's affairs," petitioned the Assembly for an opportunity to have 
the matter tried so that it might be settled before he sailed. In- 
stead of granting this request, the Assembly issued an order to 

1 Correspondence between William Penn and James Logan, etc. His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania. 2 vols. 1870, 1872. 

2 Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VI, pp. 402- 
411. 



JAMES LOGAN TO WILLIAM PENN. 23 

the Sheriff for his arrest and imprisonment, the purpose being 
to detain him until the vessel had sailed. This scheme was de- 
feated by the Governor, who issued a writ which allowed Logan 
to sail. After an absence of two years Logan returned fully ac- 
quitted of all charges by Penn, the civil authorities, and by pub- 
lic opinion. 

Logan was aristocratic in his views, which somewhat resem- 
bled those of the later Federalists. David Lloyd was intensely 
democratic. The influence of each was beneficial. Logan died 
in 175 1 at the advanced age of eighty-seven, probably the most 
respected man in Pennsylvania. His fine residence, Stenton, built 
in 1728, still attests his style of living and excellent taste. 

Philad*^ 19*^ 5"°° 1708 
Hon*^ Govern'' 

At length I have rec'd thine by Ab. Scott & Rich'^ Townsend 
who arrived here but 3 dayes agoe from Maryl'^. All the Virg** 
fleet are come in safe, only Young for this place falling in with 
the same Privateers who have done so much mischief on our 
Capes, is taken. All our outward bound vessels have been stopt 
here for these 3 weeks not daring to venture out, & now sail un- 
der Convoy of a small Man of War from N York who comes 
round on purpose. Tis this gives me another opportunity by 
Hammerton. 

The Acct' I have had of thy Draughts on me could not but 
give me some uneasiness but the List I have now reced by thine 
of ye 16*^ 8™° has removed great part of it. The total I perceive is 
1746'''^: 19: — w* tho' a large sum, yet falling under 2000^''' w""^ 
is still less than I feared I shall struggle hard but by some means 
or other Tie answer them so as that thou shalt never hear of 
them again to thy dissatisfaction. Many even of thy fr'** here 
are of opinion that nothing of that kind ought to be paid, untill 
we have assurances that the Countrey will be secured from the 
ffords [Philip Ford and wife], because otherwise the Comni''" 
are told that they will all be call'd into question for the Sales 
they have made under thee, but for my part I am too far engaged 
to look back. T am certainly ruin'd if the Countrey be lost. & 



24 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

cannot be more so. To be call'd on for 2 thous'^ or 200 thous"* 
of my own makes no difference at all, & therefore I shall not stop 
at anything myself if not hindred by others,^ as tis very probable 
I shall, if ther be not at least a great probability of thy keeping 
the Countrey at the time ye Bills are to be p*^, but there is this 
further in it, that in case it prove otherwise, the Bonds I have 
will be good for nothing, however I have a very great confidence 
that there is no danger but that some means or other will be 
found effectually to relieve thee. Yet I cannot think but there 
was a great Conveniency (not to say Necessity) in writing as I 
did to the fr*^^ there in answer to their Letf, tho I have ever since 
been jealous I should be taxed for too great plainness. Pray be 
pleased to furnish me with all the Strength that is possible to 
obviate thy Enemies Endeavours to obstruct paym*, otherwise I 
may fail whatever mine be. 

The Ship Diligence if she be arrived safe, will supply thee & 
hope w*^^ 400^^^ Sterl. and thy Son with half as much. 

E. Shippen has been a long time fully restor'd among fr'^% & 
therefore since he acts for thee as before may claim ye same re- 
gard as formerly. 

Tis in vain to propose to fr''^ here to deal with D. LI. [David 
Lloyd] his party is so strong that it would occasion the greatest 
confusion among them ; I have frequently press'd it as a matter 
absolutely incumbent on them unless they would make them- 
selves partners in his Villany, but tho' many would most gladly 
see it done, yet they dare not adventure on it twould splitt them, 
they say, to pieces. As for thy resigning all into the Queen's 
hands, if they fail to doe it, I think (as I have repeatedly wrote) 
that most of thy fr*^ here who have any thought about them are 
agreed that it is the most adviseable step thou canst take, espe- 
cially if some tolerable terms can be made, and any thing can be 
gott for it. Ths last business of the Privateers upon our Coasts 
infesting us above others, because unarm'd, has brought friends 
to a pretty general Confession that a due administration of 



3 The last six words have been substituted for the following which 
have been stricken out : " In my power to serve thee." 



JAMES LOGAN TO WILLIAM PENN. 25 

Governm*^ (especially in a time of war) under an English Con- 
stitution, is irreconcileable with our Principles. 

I am sorry any Packet of mine should cost 17s 5d but I 

could not direct it to Lewis (whose first name I know 

not) because I never that I can remember heard of him before, 
first I directed to J. Ellis, but he falling into disgrace, I was or- 
dered to J. Parker at S'' Cha. Hodges office, who being out him- 
self, I desired to know whether Parker stood, for the future I 
shall send to Lewis when I have Pacquets, but cannot handsomly 
begin with a single Lett'", as this is, I doubt. 

The Inclosed will shew that Rakestrain has at last mctt with 
his deserts in part. 

I shall send an Authentick Copy with ye Minutes of ye 
meeting sign'd, but cannot now. I have had some trouble w*^ 
him but I wish I had as fair a hearing with all our Enemies, for 
they are much alike. 

Of the lotts by Hugh Desborrow there is one laid out to 
Tho : Callowhill, the rest were disposed of to Purchasers by thy 
own Ord"" when here. 

I know not what P. fT. [Philip Ford] may doe by his Letters 
but neither his Service nor the contrary is of moment here. Yet 
I have always kept very fair with him. 

The last expression of thy Letf desires me to be easy to all 
in general, & also Just to all not leaving thee out of that direction. 
I am sensible that no man can be more obnoxious to censure & 
misrepresentations than myself, and yet I know the value of a 
good Reputation, but my Engagem*^ are too binding on me to 
dispense with any essential part of my Duty for ye sake of popu- 
lar Air. a good Conscience have long resolved should be my 
only Dependance without much regard to the Sentim*^ or dis- 
course of ■* others w^'* not being in my power I must quitt the 
thoughts of them further than as they depend on the other, & yet 
I have an intire Cofidence that one day they will unite (I mean 

* Following the words, " discourse of," these succeeding words have 
been stricken through: "Any sort of people whatsoever, not that I would 
slight these were they in my Power, but as I am circumstanced and re- 
solved in myself, they depend on the other, and yet one day." 



26 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

a good Confidence & Reputation) tho' not suddenly with me.^ Yet 
after all I find it a little irksome, when I stand so much exposed 
for thy sake, to fall under suspicion even with thee. But the 
same fortress will support me in this also, and all I shall desire 
is that my Justice may be tried. I hope now thou wilt not trust 
any man after so villanous an Abuse from fford, & for my own 
part I never thought it was for mine or any honest man's advan- 
tage to be trusted further than necessity obliged, for when all 
men see for themselves none can be uneasy. I know there are 
some particulars in w'^'^ I could have wrong'd thee, because an 
Error could not easily have been discovered by the sharpest eye, 
but I had the Character of honest before that of Secry [Secre- 
tary] & hope its lustre will not be found tarnished after ye 
other's gone. I have enlarged this because within these 2 years 
I have had divers hints to the same purpose for w*'^ I'm persuaded 
I never gave occasion. I am ye same as ever & without disguise. 
Thy faithful & obed°* serv^ 

J. L. 
[James Logan] 

An Acknowledgment by James Logan. 

In connection with the preceding letter of James Logan, the 
following acknowledgment by him of error, taken from the 
Minutes of Burlington Quarterly Meeting, will be interesting. It 
will be noticed that this statement is very carefully drawn up and 
avoids an expression of his individual views. Indeed, he prac- 
tically takes technical ground rather than that of personal con- 
viction. 

"At ye Quarterly Meeting of Friends held at the house of 
Wm Beedle ye 22d day of ye 12 mo 1702 . . . 

This day a paper of Acknowledgment signed by James 
Logan was read in this Meeting & was thought convenient to be 
recorded here." 

■> Following the words, " with me," these succeeding words are stricken 
through : " I know a Man here, who is pref err'd far above me, that speaks 
all in Oil to all mankind, yet will serve no mortal willingly but himself. 
This I know is perfectly prudent, but I have never yet studied the Art." 



VOLTAIRE AND THE QUAKER, CLAUDE GAY. 27 

" To Friends of the monthly M'g met at Philadelphia this 
25th day of ye lo^'"' mo 1702. 

Whereas upon a provocation given by Daniel Cooper of west 
Jersey, injuriously (as was judged) to our proprietary's right & 
Contrary to authority invading in the 5* mo last one of the reed 
Islands of delaware, over against this City, I undertook to goe 
over to ye said Island to divert him from proceeding in his design 
accompanied with the Sheriff of Philadelphia who hearing of an 
opposition designed, took with him some other persons with fire 
arms for ye greater awe of such as should attempt to oppose. 
And whereas ocasion hath been or may be taken from the said 
arms being caried in any company to reflect not only upon mee 
as Concerned for the Proprietary, but also upon the proffession 
of God's truth owned by and amongst us, I do therefore in a true 
sense of the inconveniences that have naturally ensued from the 
said action and its Contrariety to the said proffession heartily re- 
gret my Complying with or being in anywise Concerned in that 
method which ministers such ocasion & do in sincerity declare 
that could I have foreseen the ill Consequences of it I should by 
no means have engaged in it. 

Hoping & earnestly desiring that it may please God, the 
author of all good councill and direction, so to enlighten my un- 
derstanding by his spirit that I may avoid not only all such oca- 
sions but all others that by being contrary to his divine will may 
minister offence for the future. Tames Logan. 



VOLTAIRE AND THE QUAKER, CLAUDE GAY. 

In The Friend (Philadelphia) for Twelfth month 16, 1915, 
an account of a visit of a Friend, Claude Gay, to Voltaire, then 
residing near Geneva, Switzerland, is reprinted from " Lake 
Geneva, and its Landmarks," by Francis Gribble (London, 1901, 
p. 229). Gribble speaks of Claude Gay as "the Philadelphian 
Quaker." As I had never heard of a Friend of Philadelphia by 
that name in the eighteenth century, though tolerably familiar 
with the names of the prominent Friends of that period, I doubted 
the truth of the statement. A very little research confirmed my 



28 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

opinion. Claude Gay was not only not a Philadelphian, but never 
was in America. His history is an unusual one. He was born 
in Lyons, France, in or about 1706, and died in Barking, Essex, 
England, 1786, having been a minister among Friends about 
forty years. 

Brouglit up a Roman Catholic, he early became dissatisfied 
with that faith, and left that church. In order to be among 
Protestants, he removed to the Island of Jersey. While there he 
met with a copy of Barclay's "Apology," by the reading of which 
he was convinced of Friends' principles, and then joined the 
Society. On account of this he suffered some persecution, and 
having been banished from the island and forbidden to return on 
pain of being flogged,^ he went to London where he spent most 
of his life. 

Claude Gay was somewhat of a writer. He translated into 
French Part first of Penn's "No Cross, No Crown," (1746), 
" Rise and Progress of the People Called Quakers " (1764) ; se- 
lections from "Piety Promoted" (in French and English) 
(1770) ; and Mary Brook's " Reasons for the Necessity for Silent 
Waiting," etc. (in French and English, 1782). He also published 
"A New and Easy Way of Teaching the French Language " 
(1773). His English publications were a few tracts and epis- 
tles and addresses. In The Friend (London) will be found some 
of his letters (Vol. VI, pp. 17-19, 39-42) and " An Account of a 
Journey to the Islands of Guernsey, Sark, Alderney, and Jersey, 
and to High and Low Normandy, and Picardy " [1775-1776] 
(Vol. V, pp. I4i-I44).2 

He left an unpublished Journal, and other papers, which 
were placed among the archives at Gracechurch St. Meeting- 
House, and which were destroyed when that house was burned in 
1821. 



1 This sentence was revoked by order of the King. 

2 Towards the expenses of this visit, he writes, " Besides what Friends 
thought proper to furnish me with, our friend [Dr.] John Fothergill gave 
me an unlimited letter of credit, which I had no occasion to use, having 
more than sufficient without it." The Friend (London), Vol. 5, p. 141. 



VOLTAIRE AND THE QUAKER, CLAUDE GAY. 29 

The chief source of information concerning him is the short 
sketch in " Piety Promoted," Part IX, the substance of which 
will be found in The Friend (Philadelphia), Vol. I, pp. 11, 12, 
where the Voltaire incident is recounted from Simond's " Switzer- 
land," which is evidently the source of Cribble's story. 

The full title of Simond's work is, " Switzerland, or a Jour- 
nal of a Tour and Residence in that Country in 1817, 1818, 1819, 
etc. By Louis Simond, London, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo." A reprint 
was issued the same year in Boston, Massachusetts. The French 
editions (Paris, 1822, 1824) differ somewhat from the English. 
They were both written by Simond, who, from his long residence 
in Creat Britain was familiar with English. Simond, like Cay, 
was a native of Lyons. He was born 1767, and died in 183 1, at 
Ceneva, Switzerland, where he had acquired citizenship. He was 
driven from France by the great Revolution, and did not return 
until after the fall of Napoleon. He was a great traveler, and 
published, besides his Switzerland, " Travels in France and Eng- 
land " (1810-1811), and "Travels in Italy and Sicily." His 
works will be found in our older libraries. 

From Cay's letters published in The Friend, as noted above, 
it would seem that his visit to Ceneva was in 1764.^ Simond's 
anecdote, written more than fifty years later, was probably de- 
rived from some local source. How Simond came to call Cay " a 
Quaker from Philadelphia " we cannot tell. Neither the account 
in Cribble, nor the fuller one in the Philadelphia Friend (Vol. I, 
pp. II, 12), gives the whole of Simond's story, and so it seems 
worthy of reproducing here. It might be said that the English 
and French versions are practically identical. It is as follows : 

"A quaker from Philadelphia, called Claude Gay, travelling in 
Europe, stayed some time in Geneva ; he was known as the author of some 

3 It is rather strange that though Gay speaks at some length of his 
visit at Geneva, no mention is made of Voltaire, especially as he speaks 
of Rousseau's Emile or Education, of which at first he " read a little," 
and then put aside. But afterwards, he says, " There came upon me a 
strong feeling to read it all, and I borrowed it at Geneva." He also read 
The Social Contract, of which he remarks, " This resulted in my writing 
him [Rousseau] a letter." It would be interesting to know what im- 
pression Gay's letter made upon Rousseau. See The Friend, Vol. VI, p. 
39- 



30 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

theological works,* and liked for his good sense, moderation, and sim- 
plicity. Voltaire heard of him, his curiosity was excited, and he desired 
to see him.^ The quaker felt great reluctance but suffered himself at last 
to be carried to Ferney,^ Voltaire having promised beforehand to his 
friends that he would say nothing that could give offence. At first he was 
delighted with the tall, straight, handsome quaker, his broad-brimmed hat, 
and plain drab suit of clothes ; the mild and serene expression of his 
countenance, and the dinner promised to go off very well ; yet he soon 
took notice of the great sobriety of his guest, and made jokes, to which 
he received grave and modest answers. The patriarchs, and the first in- 
habitants of the earth, were next alluded to; by and by, he began to 
sneer at the historical proofs of Revelation ; but Claude was not to be 
driven away from his grounds, and, while examining these proofs and 
arguing upon them rationally, he overlooked the light attacks of his ad- 
versary when not to the point, appeared insensible to his sarcasms and 
his wit and remained always cool and always serious. Voltaire's vivacity 
at last turned to downright anger ; his eyes flashed fire whenever they 
met the benign and placid countenance of the quaker, and the dispute 
went at last so far, that the latter, getting up, said, 'friend Voltaire! 
perhaps thou mayest come to understand these matters rightly; in the 
mean time, finding I can do thee no good, I leave thee, and so fare thee 
well.' So saying he went away on foot, notwithstanding all entreaties, 
back to Geneva, leaving the whole company in consternation. Voltaire 
retired immediately to his own room, where, if the following lines of his 
own occurred to him, they did not probably contribute to put him in good 
humor with himself : 

" A la religion discretement fidele 
Soit doux, compatissant sage, indulgent commi elle, 
Et sans noyer autrui, cherche a gayner le port; 
Qui pardonne a raison et la colere a tort. 
"Huber (the father of the celebrated author on Bees) was present 
at this scene, and made a drawing of it in which the two principal actors 
are most happily characterized.'"'' (Switzerland, etc., by Louis Simond, 
London, 1822, Vol. I, pp. 555-557; Paris, 2d edition, 1824, Tome I, pp. 
634-635) 

* As Oaude Gay's work was almost wholly that of a translator, this 
statement indicates that Simond was not himself acquainted with Gay's 
work. 

" Simond says that for a time Voltaire received all who chose to call 
on him, but that he became so pestered with visitors that he refused to 
see any one unless previous application had been made, and not always 
then. 

« Ferney, now Fernex, four and a half miles northwest of Geneva, 
just within the French boundary. 

''Jean Hubcr (1722-1790) was a Swiss artist residing at Geneva, and 
Voltaire was one of his favorite subjects. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 



BOOKS, ETC., RECENTLY ISSUED, AND OF INTEREST 
TO FRIENDS. 

William Penn. Rupert S. Holland. Author of Historic Boyhoods, 
etc. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1915. 6x5 in., pp. vii, 166, 50 cents. 

This volume forms one of a series known as " Stories of Great 
Americans." The style of the book varies and sometimes an effort to 
write down to youthful readers is evident. In fact, William Penn is 
not a subject that can easily be made attractive to immature minds. 

The author is sympathetic with his theme, and his general judgment 
of Penn is just. He recognizes Penn's weak points and does not at- 
tempt to minimize them, while on the other hand, he brings out Penn's 
real greatness and dwells upon it. Several anecdotes are related that 
do not rest on the firmest foundation, but they are generally qualified by 
some such phrase as, " the story goes," or " it is reported." 

Though undoubtedly desirous to represent the Friends truthfully 
and accurately, the author makes sundry slips which show that he is 
not familiar with Quaker principles and practices. The outsider who 
treats of Quaker views and customs needs to tread warily. The fol- 
lowing are some of the slips : " And, now, having publicly declared him- 
self a Quaker, he [Penn] asked permission to be one of their preachers 
.... And when he was twenty-four he was accepted as one of their 
regular preachers." (p. 29.) This statement is so contrary to the cus- 
toms of the Friends as to be almost amusing. " He with some com- 
panions decided to hold a ' silent meeting ' on the sidewalk before the 
front doors." (p. 38.) The Friends, it is true, met in silence, though 
they never decided beforehand to hold a silent meeting. His chapter 
on the " Early Quakers," kindly as it is, is full of misconceptions and 
lack of knowledge of the actual facts. It is not often that the early 
Friends have been credited with being " earnest students of those who 
are called the fathers of the Church, — the early writers on Christianity, 
such as Tertullian, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Cyprian, and Origen." (p. 14.) 
With the exception of Penn, Barclay and, perhaps, half-a-dozen others, 
the early Friends were guiltless of any knowledge of Patristic litera- 
ture. The " Primitive Christianity" which they preached was not that 
of the Fathers, but of the Gospels and Acts. 

There are several instances of failure to recognize real conditions 
existing in Penn's time. The author says, Penn " was a militant char- 
acter, and when he argued before a public meeting, or wrote a letter 
that was to be read by his opponents, he never hesitated to express him- 
self as strongly as he knew how." (p. 46.) A natural inference from 
this statement is, that Penn was remarkable for his strong expressions, 
whereas he was really milder than many of his Quaker friends, and 



32 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

much milder than many of his theological contemporaries of other sects, 
both in their arguing with their Quaker foes and with others from 
whom they differed. Strength of expression was the fashion of the 
day. "Then a man named Richard Baxter" (p. 53) is hardly the way 
to speak of one of England's greatest divines. 

There are a few positively wrong inferences and misstatements 
which should be noticed. " It hardly seems credible that Penn could 
have actually conspired against the new king and queen, and yet plots 
were much in the air in those days, and, as we have already seen, 
the Quaker leader could be rather easily influenced by people of whom 
he was fond. In any event, he seems at that time to have been treated 
as an object of suspicion, and at this distant date it cannot be said posi- 
tively whether he deserved this suspicion or whether he was the un- 
happy victim of unscrupulous informers." (pp. 114, 115.) It seems 
strange that our author who has evidently studied Penn's character with 
sympathetic attention could have written a statement like this, which 
casts such a doubt upon Penn's integrity. Penn's special weakness was 
his inability to judge character aright. He was easily moved by his 
affections, and when he was fond of a person he trusted him and was 
loath to believe any evil of him. This characteristic often laid him open 
to suspicion and misjudgment. He believed in King James and trusted 
him, and naturally Penn was suspected of actively aiding James. That 
he ever even thought of conspiring against William and Mary there 
is not a shred of trustworthy evidence to show. Penn, himself, dis- 
tinctly and personally gave William his allegiance. On page 119, " Lut- 
trell's Diary " is thus quoted under date of " December 5, 1693 :" " Wil- 
liam Penn, the Quaker, having for some time absconded, and having 
compromised the matters against him, appears now in public, and on 
Friday last held forth at the Bull and Mouth in St. Martin's." In 
the first place, Luttrell is by no means an unimpeachable authority; his 
diary is full of gossip and town-talk, and while of value as confirma- 
tory evidence, it is to be used with great caution as a chief authority. 
This fact is well known by those who have had occasion to make use 
of the Diary in research work. In the second place, though Penn was 
in retirement, or as he, himself, says, " in hiding," " absconding " is a 
word which gives a totally wrong idea of the fact. All our definite 
information goes to show that though in retirement, or " in hiding," 
Penn never " absconded " in the usual sense of the word, and that he 
could easily have been found at any time the authorities desired; neither 
did he make any " compromise " whatever. " His preaching was very 
successful. Wherever he spoke great crowds gathered to hear the words 
of a man who had had such a remarkable history, who had been a 
close friend of King James, and who had been in hiding for some years." 
(p. 123.) This is rather a curious list of reasons for Penn's gathering 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 33 



large audiences. It is probable that some were moved by curiosity to go 
to meetings where Penn was likely to speak, but to make notoriety the 
chief cause is to omit the fact that Penn had long been one of the most 
prominent and beloved men among the Friends, and also to omit that 
which drew men above everything else — Penn's spiritual message and 
power. 

The most serious error which our author has made is in regard to 
Penn's connection with the case of the Fellows of Magdalen College, 
Oxford (pp. 104, 105). He seems, in the main, to have followed 
Macaulay's version of the incident, which John Paget, in " The New 
Examen " (pp. 297-330), reprinted in his "Paradoxes and Puzzles," has 
completely refuted, as also William Hepworth Dixon, in his " History of 
William Penn," and Janney in his " Life." There is no trustworthy evi- 
dence that Penn "Afterward changed and advised the College to yield," or 
that " people began to think that the former champion of religious liberty 
was no longer a Quaker at heart." The very letter from which Macaulay 
makes his garbled quotation and upon which he bases his charge, also 
states, "I thank God he [Penn] did not so much as offer at any pro- 
posal by way of accommodation, which was the thing I most dreaded." 
(Paget, New Examen, p. 325.) This sentence Macaulay does not quote.i 

It is hardly correct to speak of " William Bradford, a printer of 
Leicester" (p. 71). Bradford was born in Leicester (1663), but was 
apprenticed to Andrew Sowle, a printer of London, whose name appears 
on many Friends' books after 1683. William Bradford did come out 
with Penn in 1682, but returned to England before 1685. He married 
Elizabeth Sowle, the daughter of his former master, in 1685, and in 
the same year, returned to Pennsylvania and set up his printing press 
in Philadelphia. The author gives the impression that Bradford began 
his printing in 1682. 

Despite these, and other minor errors and misconceptions, the book, 
as a whole, is a good one and does Penn substantial justice. 

There are twelve good illustrations, six of them full page half-tones. 

A Quaker Diary in the Orient. By William C. Allen. Press of 
Wrights-Ely Co., San Jose, California, igiS- 9/^x6 ins. [Illustrations 
from photographs by the author.] Pp. loi. $1.00. 

This thin well-printed volume is the diary of a Friend who felt 
called upon to " visit the Far East." 

The party consisted of three, the author, his wife, and his com- 
panion, William B. Harvey, an Elder, and the well known super- 



iThe new unaltered edition of Macaulay's History of England has 
already been noticed in the Bulletin, vol. vi, p. 29. Macaulay's History 
of England is a good example of " The evil that men do lives after 
them." 



34 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

intendent of Westtown School, all being members of Philadelphia 
Yearly Meeting. In addition to the strictly religious work of the visit, 
occasion was taken " to utilize it on behalf of the International Peace 
Movement." The part of the diary here given covers Japan, Korea, 
China, and the Philippines. Much, if not all, appeared in the columns of 
The Friend (Philadelphia). The book is simple, unpretentious and in- 
teresting as giving a personal view of the Far East, under rather unusual 
circumstances. Thirty excellent illustrations (3x4) from photographs 
taken by the author add greatly to the interest of the book. 

An American Garland, Being a Collection of Ballads Relating to 
America, 1653-1759. Edited, with introduction and notes by C. H. Firth, 
M.A., Oxford, B. H. Blackwell, 1915. [New York, Longmans, Green 
& Co.] 8x5H ins. 

This is a collection of street and popular ballads. They have little 
or no literary merit, but are of value historically. The only ballad of 
special interest to readers of the Bulletin is that entitled " The Quakers' 
Farewell to England, or their voyage to New Jersey, situate on the 
continent of Virginia and bordering upon New England. To the tune 
of The Independents' Voyage to New England. London. Printed for 
F. G[rove], 1675." This reprint is taken from a copy of the Broadside, 
in the British Museum. It is noted in Joseph Smith's " Anti-Quakeriana " 
(p. 18). The ballad consists of seventeen doggerel stanzas, the char- 
acter of which may be judged by the following: 

" Come, Friends, let's away. 

Since our Yea and Nay 
In England is now slighted. 

To the Indians wee'll goe. 

And our Lights to them show, 
That they be no longer benighted. 



" To New Jersey, with speed, 
Come all Friends that need 

Wealth, or large Possessions ; 
The Indians we'll make 
To serve us and Quake 

And be slaves to our Professions. 



Comparatively few Friends of the present day are aware of the 
mass of Anti-Quakeriana which appeared in the seventeenth and eigh- 
teenth centuries, much of it scurrilous and some quite unprintable. 
This specimen is a moderate example. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 35 

The Peace of Europe. The Fruits of Solitude and Other Writings. 
By William Penn, London and Toronto, J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. New 
York, E. P. Dutton & Co. [1915]- "Everyman's Library." Pp. xliv, 292. 
7x4 J/^ ins. is; 35 cents in America. 

The editor of " Everyman's Library " is to be congratulated on bring- 
ing out this selection from the writings of William Penn just at this 
time. The paper which gives the title to the volume, " The Peace of 
Europe," or in full, " An Essay towards the Present and Future Peace 
of Europe," is one which well may claim the attention of thoughtful men 
not only in Europe but in America as well. It is perhaps the greatest 
contribution to World Politics made by any Friend. If only, at the 
conclusion of the present great war, the statesmen and peoples of the 
world would follow out the principles laid down by William Penn in these 
few pages the future history of the world would be very different from 
the past. 

The other papers chosen for republication are " Some Fruits of 
Solitude ;" " Advice to his Children ;" " A Tender Visitation ;" " A Sum- 
mons or A Call to Christendom ;" " Brief Account of the Rise and Pro- 
gress of the People Called Quakers ;" " Primitive Christianity Revived ;" 
and " A Description of Pennsylvania, 1683." 

So far as a somewhat hasty examination can show, the reprints are 
accurate. The spelling, capitalization and punctuation have been modern- 
ized, as is desirable for the general reader. 

The " Introduction " is " The Author's Life By Joseph Besse." It 
is again praiseworthy that the editor should have chosen this sketch 
rather than have written a new one; but surely he should have stated 
that it is an abridgment of the original. It is true that most of the 
omissions are papers, letters, accounts of trials, etc., etc., which are very 
well omitted when the life is used as an introduction to a volume for 
popular use like the present, but surely these omissions should have 
been mentioned, at least, in a foot-note. The bibliography is full, but there 
has not been time to verify it. The list of lives, however, is by no 
means beyond criticism. W. H. Dixon revised his " Life," calling it 
" The History of William Penn, Founder of Pennsylvania," and published 
it in 1872 ; Mrs. Colquhoun Grant's " Quaker and Courtier," etc., is full 
of errors and not worthy of mention ; R. J. Burdette's " William Penn " 
is avowedly a " Comic Life," and, while appreciative to a remarkable 
degree, is in no sense to be considered as a " Life." " The Penns and 
Penningtons " by Maria Webb should not have been omitted even in a 
brief list, nor should Samuel M. Janncy's Life of Penn. 



6S0CI6 



36 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



NOTES AND QUERIES 



An Adjourned London Yearly 
Meeting.— For the first time, we 
believe, in history an adjourned 
session of London Yearly Meet- 
ing has been held. London 
Yearly Meeting held in Fifth 
month, 1915, adjourned with a 
Minute reading, "We leave the 
Meeting for Sufferings at liberty 
to call together the representa- 
tives appointed to this Yearly 
Meeting, should such a course ap- 
pear necessary. Such meeting, 
if summoned, is to be considered 
as an adjournment of this Meet- 
ing, and is to be open to all 
Friends." 

In view of the practically cer- 
tain passage by Parliament of a 
Military Service Bill, the Lon- 
don Meeting for Sufferings held 
First month 7th, 1916, decided 
that an adjourned session of the 
Yearly Meeting should be held, the 
date of which should be left to 
the Yearly Meeting's "Agenda 
Committee." The dates subse- 
quently fixed upon were First 
month 28th, 29th, 30th, the latter 
being First-day. The only subject 
to be considered was the attitude 
and action Friends should take 
in the crisis before them in re- 
gard to compulsory military ser- 
vice. The Military Service Act be- 
came law First month 27th, 1916, 
so the issue was directly before 
Friends. The adjourned Yearly 
Meeting is said to have been the 
largest gathering ever known at 
Devonshire House, every seat on 
the floor of the large meeting- 



room, and in the galleries being 
filled, and the steps and aisles be- 
ing crowded. A report of the 
discussions and conclusions will 
be found in The Friend (Lon- 
don) 2d month 4th, nth, 1916. See 
also official " Extracts," etc., 1916. 

" Our Missions " — The history 
of this paper is an interesting one. 
The first magazines issued in con- 
nection with Foreign Missions 
was the Children's Missionary 
Gazette, 8 pp., illustrated, at the 
price of one penny monthly, be- 
ginning First month, 1876. In 
1877 the name was changed to 
Friend of Missions. From 1892 
to 1894 the paper was in abeyance ; 
but in the latter part of 1894 a 
monthly was started, known as 
Our Missions. A new series was 
begun in 1906, the size enlarged 
to thirty-eight or forty pages, and 
the publication made quarterly. 
With the beginning of 1916 a re- 
turn to a monthly was made. It 
is the largest and best purely 
Missionary paper among Friends 
but, naturally, it is almost wholly 
devoted to the work of British 
Friends. The Editors of the 
paper have been chronologically, 
Caroline W. Pumphrey, Jane E. 
Newman, Mary Hodgkin, Dr. 
Henry T. Hodgkin and Raymond 
Whitwell, who is the present Edi- 
tor. It is the organ of the 
Friends' Foreign Mission Associ- 
ation. The offices are at 15 Dev- 
onshire St., Bishopsgate, London, 
E. C. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



:!,7 



PENN'S STATUE ON CITY 
HALL, PHILADELPHIA. 

Frances T. Rhoads. 

Above the busy throngs that 
crowd and hustle 
Above the din of traffic's noisy 
call, 
Above the jarring thought — the 
aching muscle, 
He stands serene and tall. 

Against the storm-cloud black 
with coming thunder, 
Against the heaven's clear blue, 
or sunset gold, 
Above our petty life that pulses 
under, 
Looms up his figure bold. 

What would he say, to this, his 

own " loved " city. 
Could a great voice speak from 

that lofty dome? 
Would he feel pride and joy, or 

only pity. 
For his dear "Sylvan" home? 

We only know his voice in life 
was given 
To check discord and bid all 
strife to cease; 
Where truth by warring factions 
would be driven. 
He ever spoke for peace. 

So that tall form, its lofty tower 
possessing. 
Our strife still stands above, 
Its outstretched hand, extended 
as if blessing 
The city of its love. 

Public Ledger, Philadelphia, Feb- 
ruary 3, 1916. 



A " Drafted " Friend in 1863. 
— There died at West Falmouth, 
Massachusetts, 2d month 29th, 
1916, Henry D. Swift in his 
eighty-third year. His was mostly 
a quiet life, and yet no common 
one. He was, with his brother, 
the late D. Wheeler Swift, of 
Worcester, Massachusetts, a skil- 
ful inventor. The modern clothes- 
wringing machine with its rubber 
rollers was due to them, and the 
envelope machine, which cuts, 
folds, pastes, prints and counts 
into packs of twenty-five, was also 
their work. But it is a personal 
experience with which we have to 
do. 

When Henry D. Swift was 
thirty, he was residing in South 
Dedham, Massachusetts. It was 
the time of the military draft of 
1863, and he was drafted. He 
went to Concord where the 
drafted men were being mobilized. 
He was a birthright member of 
the Society of Friends, and thor- 
oughly believed in their principles 
— one of which is tliat it was 
wrong to take human life. Wliile 
at Concord, he was ordered to 
take part in military drills. This 
he resolutely refused to do, it be- 
ing contrary to the dictates of his 
conscience. For this he was put 
into the guard-house, but he ad- 
hered to his determination and re- 
frained from all military activity 
at Concord, as well as later on, 
when sent to Long Island, and to 
Boston Harbor. From here troops 
were being constantly sent south 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



to replenish armies in the field. 
While at Long Island he gladly 
helped in hospital services, but 
refused all remuneration for his 
services. He was "bucked down"* 
and was finally told by the 
officers he would be shot for re- 
fusal to obey orders. He was 
taken from the guard-house and 
made to witness an execution, and 
was told that that would be his 
fate if he persisted in his insub- 
ordination ; but he still remained 
firm. He was tried by court-mar- 
tial and sentenced to be shot. 

During his stay at Long Island, 
he was visited by Stephen A. 
Chase, of Lynn, and Charles R. 
Tucker, of New Bedford, both 
prominent members of the Society 



*NoTE. " The expression ' bucked 
down' is one used for a certain 
punishment which was used at 
that time in the army. The vic- 
tim is made to sit on the ground 
with his knees drawn up so that 
his arms will reach around them ; 
then the hands are tied. A mus- 
ket is then run over the arms at 
the elbows and under the knees. 
In this position a man is fairly 
helpless and most uncomfortable." 



of Friends. They went to Wash- 
ington and stated the facts of 
Henry D. Swift's case to Presi- 
dent Lincoln and Secretary Stan- 
ton. When the matter was con- 
sidered by the President he di- 
rected that an honorable parole be 
made out. This was done and 
delivered to Henry Swift shortly 
before the time he had been in- 
formed his execution was to take 
place. This was in the fall of 
1863. " It is needless to say he 
was never called upon." — Con- 
densed from Worcester (Mass.), 
Gazette, March i, 1916. 

William Forrest Estate. — This 
trust is one of the oldest under 
the care of Philadelphia Friends. 
It was created under the will of 
William Forrest, of Philadelphia, 
who died in 1714. The bequest 
was for the purpose of aiding in 
the education of deserving youth 
of Philadelphia and neighborhood 
belonging to the Society of 
Friends. A clear and interesting 
history of the administration of 
this trust by Watson W. Dewees, 
is given in successive numbers of 
The Friend (Philadelphia), from 
First month 27th to Second month 
24th, 1916, both dates inclusive. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



39 



ANNUAL MEETING OF 
FRIENDS' HISTORICAL 

SOCIETY OF PHILADEL- 
PHIA, 1916. 

The Twelfth Annual Meeting 
of Friends' Historical Society of 
Philadelphia was held at Twelfth 
Street Meeting-house, Philadel- 
phia, on the evening of Second 
month 21, 1916. There were 
about sixty members present at 
the business meeting. As the 
President was absent, Isaac 
Sharpless presided. 

Amelia M. Gummere, the 
editor of the new edition of John 
Woolman's Journal and Works, 
reported that some historical re- 
search was being made in 
Friends' Records in England, 
and that some new material had 
been discovered in private hands, 
and that it was thought wiser to 
delay publication until this new 
material was available. She also 
spoke of the John Woolman 
Memorial Association, an account 
of which appeared in the last 
number of The Bulletin. The 
sum of $2,840 has been con- 
tributed for the purchase of the 
house and grounds at Mount 
Holly, New Jersey. An effort is 
being made to restore this to its 
original form as nearly as possi- 
ble. Several appropriate gifts for 



the furnishing of the house have 
been received, and more are de- 
sired. A number of fruit trees 
have been given for planting. It 
is estimated that $700 more is re- 
quired to put the property in good 
repair. It is planned to provide 
a tea-room, from which, and the 
orchard in time, some income, it 
is hoped, will be derived. 

The bronze tablet, bearing the 
words of the Prayer of William 
Penn for Philadelphia, of which 
an account was given in the last 
number of The Bulletin, is still 
unplaced, owing to the difficulty 
of finding an appropriate place 
and design acceptable to the Art 
Jury of the City Property. Some 
discussion revealed that in the 
prevailing opinion the Society was 
in favor of a location at the City 
Hall. 

The meeting then adjourned to 
the tea-room where supper was 
served to a large company. 

Caroline Smedley read a brief 
report of a meeting of the Penn- 
sylvania Federation of Historical 
Societies to which she was a dele- 
gate. 

Mary Willits Brown read an 
interesting paper, which will be 
found elsewhere in this number 
of the Bulletin, on the John 
Warder School in Amsterdam, 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



Holland. William Warder Ba- 
con and Joel Cadbury, both de- 
scendants of John Warder, sup- 
plemented the paper with inter- 
esting remarks. 

Dr. William I. Hull, of Swarth- 
more College, was then intro- 
duced, and gave an address on 
" The Quakers in Holland." He 
dwelt fully on the sources of in- 
formation which are scanty, and 
consist of manuscript records of 
the meetings, annual epistles, 
letters of individuals, city 
archives, and the references to 
Friends in contemporary contro- 
versial pamphlets. Some of the 
records which were taken to 
England are believd to have been 
destroyed when Gracechurch 
Street Meeting-house was burned 
in 1821. 

The strength of the Friends in 
Holland was chiefly in a few 
cities and scattered agricultural 
districts. 



OFFICERS O F FRIENDS' 
HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF 
PHILADELPHIA. 

President, Davis H. Forsythe. 
Vice-Presidents, Isaac Sharpless, 

Amelia M. Gummere. 
Secretary, Mary S. Allen. 
Treasurer, Mary S. Allen. 

Councillors serving 1915-1916: 
Caroline W. Smedley, 
Bernard G. Waring, 
Waher W. Haviland, 
Howard E. Yarnall, 
Mary Anna Jones, 
Susanna W. Lippincott. 

Councillors serving 1916-1917: 
Hannah P. Morris, 
Lucy C. Shelmire, 
Alice H. Yarnall, 
Walter Brinton, 
Francis R. Taylor, 
D. Robert Yarnall. 



BULLETIN OF 



Friends' Historical Society 

OF 

Philadelphia 



(Founded Fifth Month i6, 1904) 



VOLUMES V-VI 
1913-1915 



Philadelphia 

FERRIS & LEACH 

29 S. Seventh Street 



CONTENTS. 



Contents 

VOLUME V. 

England vs. America, 1774, A Letter . .Dr. John Fothergill. 2 

Was George Durant a Quaker? Julia S. White. 8 

A Catalogue of Eighty-seven Publick FFriends Yt have Dyed 

in Pensilvania, etc. Part II 14 

Purchase of Swarthmoor Hall 20 

One Hundredth Anniversary of the Building of Twelfth 

Street Meeting House, Philadelphia 22 

Thomas Hodgkin, D.C.L., Litt. D., 1831-1913 24 

Books of Interest to Friends 26, 65, 105 

Notes and Queries 32, 70, 109 

Annual Meetings, Officers, etc 34, 102 

David Lloyd Isaac Sharpless, 36, 74 

Extracts from old Meeting Records 47 

A Bundle of Old Bills and What They Tell 52 

Letter of Rebecca Jones, 1772 58 

Carting Quakers to Prison, 1671 59 

Extract from a Letter of James Bringhurst to Elizabeth Cog- 

geshall in London Regarding John Dickinson, 1799.,. 60 

John Woolman's Journal Amelia M. Gummere 63 

Address of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting to George I, 1725 87 

A Church Quarrel and What Resulted Julia S. White. 90 

Declaration of Fidelity to William III 98 

Certificate for John Grubb, 1731 100 



CONTENTS. 



VOLUME VI. 



A Letter of Josiah Coale, 1658 (Journey in America) 2 

A Brief Notice of Josiah Coale 5 

A Short Genealogy of Edward Foulke (1651-1741) 6 

A Lonely Graveyard, and the Early Friends in Western 

Cornwall Allen C. Thomas. 8 

Certificate for Mary Smith, of Bermuda, 1680 19 

Note on Friends in Bermuda 20 

The Journal of John Woolman, New Edition, Amelia M. 

Gummere 22 

Excursion of Friends' Historical Society, 1914, 

Watson W. Dewees 22 

Books of Interest to Friends 26, 58, 87 

Notes and Queries 31, 63, 92 

The Anti-Slavery Separation in Indiana, and the " Henry 

Clay Incident," in 1842 Harlow Lindley. 34 

A Visit to Daniel Webster in 1836 Joseph Foulke 49 

An Anecdote of Thomas Shillitoe 5^ 

Testimonial of Select School to Sarah Eddy, 1804 52 

" Elizabeth Hooton," First Quaker Woman Preacher (1600- 

1672). M. G. S 53 

Death of George Vaux ( 1832-1915) 55 

The John Woolman Memorial Association, Amelia M. Gum- 
mere 66 

Some Account of a Journey to the Cherokees, 1839-1840, i, 

David E. Knowles. 70 
The " Henry Clay Incident" at Indiana Yearly Meeting, 

1842 Charles F. Coffin. 79 



IV. CONTENTS. 

George Fox and Spiritual Reality Cyril Hepher. 82 

Bi-Centennial of New Garden Meeting, Pennsylvania, 

Davis H. Forsythe. 83 

William Penn's Prayer for Philadelphia 84 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

John Woolman's House, 1771, in 1915 Facing VI, 3 

William Penn's Prayer for Philadelphia VI, 85 

ERRATA. 

Vol. VI, p. 71, fourth line from bottom, for Fordham read 
Farnham. 

p. 73, 11. 12, 23, the parentheses should be square brackets 
([ ])• 

p. 76, 1. 5. For his sister read her sister. 

p. 8, 1. 8. For T read F. 



INDEX. 



97 



Index 



Bulletin of Friends' Historical Society of Philadelphia 
Volumes 5 and 6. 1913-1915 



Abington and Frankford Meet- 
ings. VI, 31 

America, Journey of Josiah Coale 
in, 1658. VI, 2 

American College, The. Isaac 
Sharpless. VI, 8g 

Annual Monitor, 1914, 1915. 

V, 105, VI, 59 

Anti-Slavery Separation in In- 
diana Yearly Meeting, etc. Har- 
low Lindley. VI, 34 

Armistead, J. J. Ten Years Near 
the Arctic Circle. V, 107 

Baker, Wm. King: 
A Quaker Warrior. V, 107 

A Quaker Apostle. VI, 62 

A Forest Idyl. VI, 62 

Barclay, Robert, His Life and 

Work. M. Christabel Cadbury. 

V, 28 

Barclay's Apology. German Edi- 
tion, 1776. V, 54 

Bassett, Arthur T. Life of the 
Rt. Hon. John Edward Ellis. 
VI, 27 

Bellers, John. VI, 95 

Bermuda, Friends in. VI, 20 

Bible, Use of, Among Early 
Friends. V, 70 

Bi-Ccntennial of New Garden 
Meeting. D. H. Forsythe. 

VI, 83 

Bi-Centennial of Woodbury Meet- 
ing. W. W. Dewees. VI, 95 

Binns, Henry Bryan, The Free 
Spirit, Realisations of Middle 
Age, etc. VI, 59 



Books of Interest to Friends. 
Allen C. Thomas. 

V, 26, 65, 105, VI, 26, 58, 87 
Brailsford, Mabel Richmond, 
Quaker Women, 1650-1690. 

VI, 87 
Braithwaite, William C. : 
Message and Mission of Quak- 
erism. V, 28 
Foundations of National Great- 
ness. VI, 89 
Bright, John, Life of. George 
M. Trevelyan. V, 69 
Bringhurst, James. Letter Re- 
garding John Dickinson, 1799. 
V, 60 
British Friend: 
Discontinuance of. V, 109 
History of. V, loq 
Browning, Charles H. Welsh 
Settlement of Pennsylvania. 

V, 68 
Bundle of Old Bills and What 
They Tell, A. Allen C. 
Thomas. V, 52 

Burlington Friends' Meeting, His- 
tory of. Watson W. Dewees. 
VI, 22 
Cadbury, Edward. E.rperiments 
in Industrial Orqanication. 

V, 30 

Cadbury, George, Jr. Tozcn 

Planning, etc. VI, 88 

Cadbury, M. Christabel. Robert 

Barclay, His Life and Work. 

V. j8 



INDEX. 



Carting Quakers to Prison, 1671. 
V, 59 

Catalogue, A, of " Eighty-seven 
Publick Friends y* have dyed 
in Pensilvania, etc." II. V, 14 

Chace, Elisabeth Buffuni. Lillie 
Buffum Chace Wyman and 
Arthur C. Wyman. VI, 91 

Christ and War. WilHam E. 
Wilson. V, 106 

Church Quarrel, A. Julia S. 
White. V, 90 

Clark, Henry W., History of 
English Non-conformity. V, 31 

Clay, Henry. See " Henry Clay 
Incident." VI, 34 

Clio, A Muse, etc. G. M. 
Trevelyan. V, 106 

Coale, Josiah : 
Letter of 1658. VI, 2 

Brief Notice of. VI, 5 

Coffin, Levi. See Friends, An- 
cient and Modern. VI, 62 

Collins, Isaac, Printer. V, 53 

Corder, Percy. Life of Robert 
Spence Watson. VI, 58 

Cornwall, Western, Early Friends 
in. Allen C. Thomas. VI, 8 

Crosfield, Helen G. Margaret 
Fox of Swarthmoor Hall. 

y,67 

Dewees, Watson W. : 

Annual Excursion, Friends 

Historical Society. VI, 22 

Bi-Centennial of Woodbury 

Meeting. VI, 95 

Defective Children, School Train- 
ing of. H. H. Goddard. VI, 89 

Dickinson, John, Letter Regard- 
ing, 1799. V, 60 

Dorland, John T. See A Quaker 
Apostle. VI, 62 

Durant, George, Was, a Quaker? 
Julia S. White. V, 8 



Eddy, Sarah, Testimonial of Se- 
lect School to. VI, 52 

Ejectment of 1662 and the Free 
Churches. V, 26 

Elkinton, Joseph S., Selections 
from the Diary and Correspon- 
dence. V, 68 

Ellis, Rt. Hon. John Edward, Life 
of. A. T. Bassett. VI, 27 

England vs. America, 1774. Dr. 
John Fothergill. V, 2 

English Non-conformity, History 
of. Henry W. Clark. V, 31 

Epistles of Early Friends. VI, 63 

Evangelical Friend discontinued. 
VI, 31 

Everyman Encyclopaedia. V, 68 

Extracts from State Papers Re- 
lating to Friends, 4th Series. 
V. 67 

Family Connections Among the 
Early Pennsylvania Friends. 
Isaac Sharpless. VI, 32 

Fellowship of Silence, etc. Cyril 
Hepher, Ed. VI, 88 

Firbank Fell, Memorial Tablet 
on. VI, 94 

Five-Years Meeting of Friends in 

America, 1912, Minutes of. 

V, 27 

Forest Idyl, A. Wm. King 
Baker. VI, 62 

Forsythe, Davis H. Bi-Centennial 
of New Garden Meeting. 

VI, 83 

Fothergill, Dr. John. England vs. 
America, A Letter, I774- V, 2 

Foulke, Edward (1651-1741). A 
Short Genealogy of. VI, 6 

Foulke, Joseph. A Visit to 
Daniel Webster in 1836. VI, 49 

Foundations of National Great- 
ness. William C. Braithwaite. 
VI, 89 



INDEX. 



Fox, George, As a Mystic. Josiah 

Royce. V, 30 

And Spiritual Reality. VI, 82 

Gleanings from the Writings 

of. Dorothy Richardson. 

VI, 28 

In Cornwall. VI, 14 

Memorial Tablet to. VI, 94 

Fox, Margaret, of Swarthmoor 

Hall. Helen G. Crosfield. 

V, 67 
Frankford and Abington Meet- 
ings. VI, 31 
Free Spirit, Realisations of Mid- 
dle Age, etc. Henry Bryan 
Binns VI, 59 
Friends, Ancient and Modern. 

VI, 62 
Friends and the War. VI, 61 

Friends and the War. See War 

and Friends. 
Friends. The Early Friends in 
Western Cornwall. VI, 8 

Friends' Historical Society of 
Philadelphia, Annual Excur- 
sion of, 1914. VI, 22 
Annual Meetings ; Officers. 

V, 34, 102, VI, 56 
Friends' Quarterly Examiner, 
1914. VI, 26 

Friends' Year-Book for 1913. 

V, -26 

Friends' Year-Book discontinued. 

V, 70 

Furly, Benjamin. Sale of his 

Library, 1714. V, 112 

Garrick, David, Epigram by. 

VI, 92 

Goddard, Henry H. School 

Training of Defective Children. 

VI, 89 

Grubb, Edward. The Historic 

and Inward Christ. VI, 28 

Separations in America. V, 106 



The True Way of Life. VI, 93 
Grubb, John, Certificate for 1731. 

V, 100 
Gummere, Amelia M. Journal of 

John Woolman. V, 63 

Gummere, Amelia M. " The John 
Woolman Memorial Associa- 
tion." VI, 66 

Harris, J. Rendel. Three Wood- 
brooke Liturgies, The Suffer- 
ings and the Glory. VI, 26 

" Henry Clay Incident," 1842. 
Charles F. Coffin. VI, 79 

" Henry Clay Incident in Indiana 
Yearly Meeting," 1842. Har- 
low Lindley. VI, 34 

Historic and Inward Christ, The. 
Edward Grubb. VI, 28 

Hob son, William, Life of. Wm. 
King Baker. V, 107 

Hodgkin, Henry T. Message and 
Mission of Quakerism. V, 28 

Hodgkin, L. Violet. See Fellow- 
ship of Silence. VI, 88 

Hodgkin, Thomas, D.C.L. Allen 
C. Thomas. V, 24 

Hodgkin, Thomas. See The Fel- 
lowship of Silence. VI, 88 

Holder, Charles Frederick, The 
Quakers in Great Britain, etc. 
V, 65, 109 

Hooton, Elizabeth. Mary G. 
Swift. VI, S3 

Husband, Herman. V, 92 

Indians, The. See, A Journey to 
the Cherokees in 1839-1840. 

VI, 70 
Industrial Organization, Experi- 
ments in. Edward Cadbury. 

V, 30 

In My Youth, etc. VI, 60 

Irish Friend, History of. V, no 

Iowa, The Quakers of. Louis 

Thomas Jones. VI, 30 



INDEX. 



Iowa Yearly Meeting, Semi-Cen- 
tennial of. V, 71 

Jones, Louis Thomas. The Quak- 
ers of Iowa. VI, 30 

Jones, Rebecca, Letter of, 1772. 

V, 58 
Note on Letter. V, 72 

Jones, Richard M. The Making 
of a Man. VI, 91 

Jones, Rufus M. Spiritual Re- 
formers in the l6th and 17th 
Centuries. VI, 28 

Jorns, Auguste, Studien iiber die 
Sozialpolitik der Quaker. V, 29 

Journal of the Friends' Historical 
Society, Notices of. 

V, 71, 112, VI, 32, di, 94 

Journey to the Cherokees in 1839- 
1840. David E. Knowles. 

VI, 70 

" K. K. K." The Quaker Bonnet. 

V, 108 
Kingsley, Charles, and Young 

Friends. VI, 64 

Knowles, David E. A Journey 

to the Cherokees in 1839-1840. 

VI, 70 
Lindley, Harlow. Anti-Slavery 

Separation in Indiana Yearly 
Meeting, and " Henry Clay In- 
cident," 1842. VI, 34 
Quakers in the Old Northwest. 
V, 26 

Lloyd, David. Isaac Sharpless. 
V, 36, 74 

Lloyd, Thomas, Marriage of, with 
Patience Story. V, 48 

London Grove Meeting, Bi-Cen- 
tennial of. VI, 31 

Lonely Graveyard and the Early 
Friends in Western Cornwall, 
by Allen C. Thomas. VI. 8 



Macaulay and Penn in "History 
of England." VI, 29 

Making of a Man, The. Richard 
M. Jones. VI, 91 

Meeting Records, Extracts from 
Old. V, 47 

" Mercurius Politicus," Quakers 
and Parliament. V, 32 

Message and Mission of Quaker- 
ism. William C. Braithwaite 
and Henry T. Hodgkin. V, 28 
New England and Philadelphia 
Yearly Meetings in 1699. 

VI, 92 

New Garden Meeting, Penna., 

Bi-Centennial of. Davis H. 

Forsythe. VI, 83 

Ohio Yearly Meeting, Centennial 

of, in 1813. V, 23, 70 

Open Sore of Christendom. W. 

J. Sexton. V, 29 

Penn, William, and Macaulay, 

"History of England." VI, 29 

And " Martyr " Charles. VI, 93 

" Prayer for Philadelphia." 

VI, 84 
Unjust Treatment of His Char- 
acter. V, 68 
Penney, Norman. VI, 95 
Pensilvania. A Catalogue of 
Eighty-seven Publick Ffriends, 
etc. II. V, 14 
Pennsylvania Friends and Wil- 
liam III. V, 98 
Pennsylvania : 
Family Connections Among the 
Early Pennsylvania Friends. 
VI, 32 
History of. Allen C. Thomas. 

V, 106 

Welsh Settlement of. Charles 

H. Browning. V, 68 



INDEX. 



Philadelphia and New England 
Yearly Meetings in 1699. 

VI, 92 

Philadelphia, A Prayer for, by 
William Penn. VI, 84 

Yellow Fever in, 1793. VI, 64 

Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 
Times of Holding. V, iii 

Philadelphia Yearly Meeting to 
George I, 1725. V, 87 

Pins and Bible verses. VI, 92 

Present-Day Message of Quaker- 
ism. Charles M. Woodman. 

VI, 90 

President-Day Papers. V, no 

Quaker Apostle, A, John T. Dor- 
land. Wm. King Baker. VI, 62 

Quaker Biographies, Vol. V. 

VI, 29 

Quaker Bonnet, The. " K. K. K." 

V, 108 
Quaker Grandmother, A, Hannah 

Whitall Smith. Ray Strachey. 

VI, 28 
Quaker Warrior — Life of Wm. 

Hobson. Wm. King Baker. 

V, 107 
Quaker Women, 1650-1690. Mabel 

R. Brailsford. VI, 87 

Quakers in Great Britain and 

America, etc. Charles Frederick 

Holder. V, 65 

Quakers of Iowa. Louis Thomas 

Jones. VI, 30 

Quakers and Parliament. V, 32 
Quakers in the Old Northwest. 

Harlow Lindley. V, 26 

Quakerism, Cardinal Tenets of 

VI, 26 
Quakerism, Present-Day Message 

of. Charles M. Woodman. 

VI, 90 



Quest for Truth, The. Silvanus 
P. Thompson. VI, 90 

Regulation Movement in North 
Carolina. V, go 

Richardson, Dorothy. Gleanings 
from the Writings of George 
Pox. VI, 28 

Rofe, George, in Bermuda and 
America. VI, 20 

Rowntree, Joshua. Social Ser- 
vice, Its Place in the Society of 
Friends. V, 67. 

Royce, Josiah. George Fo.v as a 
Mystic. V, 30 

School Training of Defective 
Children. Henry H. Goddard. 
VI, 89 

Separations in America. Edward 
Grubb. V, 106 

Sexton, W. J. Open Sore of 
Christendom. V, 29 

Sharpless, Isaac. The American 
College. VI, 89 

David Lloyd. V, 36, 74 

Sheffield Meeting and David Gar- 
rick. VI, 92 

Shilletoe, Thomas, An Anecdote 
of. VI, 50 

Shore, W. Teignmouth. John 
Woolman, His Life, etc. V, 105 

Singular Bible, A. VI, 92 

Slavery, Deed of Manumission, 
1826. VI, 63 

Songs of Hope. Rebecca N. 
Taylor. VI, 89 

Smith, Hannah Whitall. A 
Quaker Grandmother. VI, 28 

Smith, Mary, of Bermuda. VI, 19 

Social Sen-ice, Its Place in the 
.'society of Friends. Joshua 
Rowntree. V, 67 

South .ifrican Quarterly. VI, 31 



INDEX. 



Spiritual Reformers in the i6th 
and 17th Centuries. Rufus M. 
Jones. VI, 28 

Strachey, Ray. A Quaker Grand- 
mother. Hannah Whitall 
Smith. VI, 28 

Studien iiber die Sosialpolitik der 
Quaker.. Auguste Jorns. V, 29 

Sufferings and the Glory, The. 
J. Rendel Harris. VI, 26 

Swarthmoor or Swarthmore. 

Swarthmoor Hall, Purchase of. 

V, 20, 71 
" Swarthmore Lectures." 

V, 67, VI, 28, 90 

Swedenborgian Bible. VI, 93 

Swift, Mary G. Elisabeth Hoo- 

ton. VI, 53 

Teachers and Taught, Text-Books 

on Religious Education. 

V, 27, VI, 30 
Taylor, Rebecca N. Songs of 
Hope. VI, 89 

Ten Years Near the Arctic Cir- 
cle. J. J. Armistead. V, 107 
Thomas, Allen C. Books of In- 
terest to Friends. 

V, 26, 65, 105, VI, 26, 58, 87 
A Bundle of Old Bills, etc. 

V, 52 

History of Pennsylvania. V, 106 

A Lonely Graveyard and the 

Early Friends in Western 

Cornwall. VI, 8 

Thomas Hodgkin. V, 24 

Thompson, Silvanus P. The 

Quest for Truth. VI, 90 

To Men and Women of Goodwill. 

VI, 27 

" Tom Brown's School Days at 

Rugby," C. Kingsley on. 

VI, 64 



Town Planning, etc. George Cad- 
bury, Jr. VI, 88 

Trevelyan, George M, Life of 
John Bright. V, 69 

Clio. V, 106 

True Way of Life, The. Edward 
Grubb. VI, 93 

Twelfth Street Meeting-house, 
Phila., One Hundredth Anni- 
versary of. William S. Yarnall. 
V, 22 

United States vs. Pringle. V, 31 

Vaux, George, Death of. VI, 55 

Virginia, Early History of the 
Eastern Shore of Virginia. 

V, 30 

Walker, Elizabeth, at Washing- 
ton. VI, 93 

War. See Christ and War. 

V, 106 
War and Friends, The. See 

Friends and the War. VI, 61 
The Early Friends and War. 

VI, 61 
The Church's Opportunity. 

VI, 61 
The European War. VI, 61 
Christ and Peace. VI, 61 

A Quaker Viezv of the War. 

VI, 61 

William Penn's Essay toward 

the Present and Future Peace 

of Europe. VI, 61 

Watson, Robert Spence, Life of. 

VI, 58 

Webster, Daniel, A Visit to, in 

1836. Joseph Foulke. VI, 49 

Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania. 

Charles H. Browning. V, 68 

White, Julia S. A Church 

Quarrel. V, 90 

Was George Durant a Quaker? 

V, 8 



INDEX. 



103 



Whit tier Felloivship Guest House, 
19 12. V, 31 

William III, Fidelity of Pennsyl- 
vania Friends to. V, 98 

Wilson, William E. Christ and 
War. V, 106 

Wise, J. C. Early History of the 
Eastern Shore of Virginia. 

V, 30 

Woodbrooke Liturgies, Three. J 
Rendel Harris. VI, 26 

Woodbury Meeting, Bi-Centennial 
of. W. W. Dewees. VI, 95 

Woodman, Charles M. Present- 

Day Message of Quakerism. 

VI, 90 

Woolman, John. See, Clio, a 
Muse, etc. V, 106 



Woolman, John. Journal of. 
Amelia M. Gummere. V, 63 

Woolman, John, Journal of. New 
Edition. V, 109, VI, 22 

His Life, etc. W. Teignmouth 
Shore. V, 105 

" The John Woolman Memorial 
Association." Amelia M. Gum- 
mere. VI, 66 

Wyman, L. B. €., and A. C. 
Elisabeth Buffum Chace. 

VI, 91 

Yarnall, William S. One Hun- 
dredth Anniversary of Twelfth 
Street Meeting. V, 22 

Yellow Fever in Philadelphia, 
1793- VI, 64 



Volume 7, No. 2 Eleventh Month (November), 1916 

Bulletin of 

Friends' Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Some Account of a Journey to the Cherokees, 1839-1840 
(Concluded) David E. Knowles 42 

John Evans vs. Ellis Yarnall and Others, 1810 50 

Joseph John Gurney in Philadelphia, 1837 54 

Women's Yearly Meeting at Arch Street Meeting House, 
1805 57 

Items from Old Almanacs, 1787- 1800 58 

Annual Excursion of the Friends' Historical Society, 1916 

A. C. T. 62 

Charles F. Coffin, 1823-1916 66 

William Penn's Prayer for Philadelphia 67 

Books of Interest to Friends The Editor 68 

Notes and Queries 73 



Note. — The editor does not hold himself responsible for any state- 
ment made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the Bulletin should be addressed to Allen C. Thomas, 
Haverford, Pa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary-Treasurer, 
24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, gl.oo per annum. All members receive the Bulletin free. 



42 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHERO- 

KEES IN 1839-1840; BEING EXTRACTS FROM THE 

JOURNAL OF DAVID E. KNOWLES. 

Concluded. 

7th month 10, 1840. — Started on our way to another neigh- 
borhood, rode about two miles ; crossed the Plenoy ^ [sic] River 
by boat, then rode near two miles to a branch called the Barren 
Fork. The water was high by reason of late rains. We could 
not pass over safely, so were obliged to return. 

nth. — After breakfast I thought right to propose that the 
family be called together, which was readily done, and a chapter 
read, after which supplication was offered up and the word of 
exhortation sounded, and so closed feeling some relief. . . . After 
rode ten miles to Joseph Coody's. Simon [our companion] is 
some complaining with symptoms of fever and went to bed. 

14th. — Rode towards Parkhill. Called at Loony Price's, 
then to William Williams for the night. 

15th. — Spent most of the day at McCoy's, then to J. Ross's 
that night. 

i6th. — Afternoon crossed the Plenoy River, and forded the 

Barren Fork four times ; rode fifteen miles, stayed at 

Tiner's. 

17th. — Rode sixteen miles to Jesse Busbyhead's at Pleasant 
Hill. He is a Baptist preacher, a Cherokee. 

19th. — J. Busbyhead left home this morning, having to attend 
to some appointments already made. The Missionary did not 
preach because he had no interpreter, so the meeting was held by 
a Methodist Cherokee in the forenoon, and we were allowed the 
afternoon. Although my mind has been much exercised consid- 
erable of the time we have been here lest I should miss the path 
of duty under the present trial, yet the Good Master was pleased 
to favor us with His presence, and gave us some service among 

iThis is probably the Illinois River of Oklahoma, into which the 
branch, Barren Fork, runs. 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHEROKEES. 43 
h ; 

them, which I trust tended to the encouragement of some, not- 
withstanding there was no interpreter, for many of the Cherokees 
can understand English better than they can speak it. Our man- 
ner of worship is so strange to them, they being accustomed to 
see so much activity of the creature and that nearly in the same 
round of ceremony. Our neglect of the ceremony at the table is 
another wonder to them, and often brings close trial as they ex- 
pect it, and request it of me ; the refusal of which often requires 
an explanation for the clearing of Truth and their satisfaction. 

20th. — Went to Batys Pararie [Prairie] and stayed at B. F. 
Thomson's, about thirty miles. . . . 

2 1 St. — Rode two miles to the United Brethren's Mission. 
They received us very kindly. Being new beginners their accom- 
modations were small, but they seemed to take delight in doing 
what they could, and a pleasant visit we had. 

22d. — Rode to Richard Taylor's, two miles. Miles Vogler 
and wife, missionaries, went with us to the Indian town near by. 
We met several of them under some trees where we had a short 
opportunity with them. They expressed much thanks that they 
were thus remembered. It also tended much to the relief of my 
own mind. We then rode to Miles Vogler's and to B. F. Thom- 
son's to lodge. 

25th. — Went to Honey Creek to the widow Susanna Ridge's, 
twenty miles. She could talk no English, but her daughter, the 

wife of Pascal of Vanburen, was there and served for 

interpreter. 

26th, First day. — We staid over First day. There seemed 
little satisfaction here. They are much estranged from the rest 
of the Nation.2 Several of their neighbors came to see them, and 
just as we were about to give them the reason of our coming, they 
requested the same, which was given, first by presenting my cer- 
tificate and then expressing our feelings with and for the Chero- 
kees in their troubles without distinction of party, and express- 
ing our desire that peace and harmony might be restored again. 

2The Ridge faction believed it expedient to accept the situation and 
make the best of it. See page 20, note, ante. 



44 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Also, that they might look to Christ the alone source of all true 
consolation, which is beyond the reach of the rage of man. To 
which they made little or no reply, but seemed to treat us with 
freedom. 

26th. — Went to John Huff's, a Cherokee and Presbyterian 
preacher. He could not speak English, and, being sick, our visit 
was mostly in silence, as only one of his sons, a lad, could talk 
with us and that but little. A neighbor called toward night. We 
could talk with him some, and he seemed to leave with feelings of 
much friendship. 

28th. — Under renewed feelings of necessity I requested the 
family might sit down a little time before we left. It was read- 
ily done and I felt to read the nth chapter of Hebrews. After 
sitting a little while supplication was made to the Father of Mer- 
cies. Soon after this his son-in-law came home. He could 
speak English well, so we gave him my certificate ; he seemed to 
feel much unity with us, and said though he could not understand 
nor had heard of us until we came to his house, but on first seeing 
us he judged what was the object of our visit. 

Having felt drawings in my mind to direct an address or 
Epistle to the Cherokees in general Council to be in Tenth month 
next, and having one prepared which was approved by my com- 
panions, my wife also signed the same with me, which I enclosed 
in a letter to John Ross principal Chief, for his perusal, and, if 
approved, he was desired to have it fully interpreted to the peo- 
ple.' So we took our leave of them. Being the upper settlement 
in that tract of the Cherokee country, we rode ten miles to Daniel 
Adams's in the Seneca Nation. At evening we rode one mile to 
David Cummings in Missouri, a Methodist missionary. 

29th. — Returned to D. Adams's, he also a Methodist mis- 
sionary of the Mohawk tribe, his wife of the Stockbridge tribe of 
Massachusetts. She received her education among Friends on 
Long Island. We felt ourselves much at home here. They be- 

3A copy of this Epistle is given in the Journal, but as it is little 
more than what has already been said, it is not printed here. It does not 
appear whether the Epistle was presented by Ross or not.— Editor. 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHEROKEES. 45 

stowed on us every comfort their circumstances would allow, and 
the wife in particular seemed much to enjoy the company of 
Friends now. 

30th. — Having become satisfied, or seeing no other way, but 
to try for an interview with the Chief of the Senecas, whom we 
understood was opposed to religion and the civilization of his peo- 
ple, — however trying we started to visit him at his own house, 
eight miles distant, Daniel Adams going with us for interpreter. 
We rode about three miles to the house of the second Chief. We 
were told that the other was not at home, and it was very uncer- 
tain when he would be. From the second Chief we learned that 
the reports were true — they did not want the white people to trou- 
ble them. This, no doubt, is the effect of the ill-treatment they 
have received from time to time, until they have lost all confidence 
in the white man. We informed him of the object of our visit, 
that it was nothing but love and friendship that we felt toward 
them, although the white people had done them much wrong, had 
been very bad, yet there were many amongst them who were the 
Indians' friends, and would be glad to do them good. They 
treated us kindly and showed us their fine things, but when any- 
thing was said about white people coming among them to learn 
them to work and so forth, their countenances would soon change. 
After spending an hour or two we left them and went back to 
D. Adams's, and felt much relieved in that I had given up to visit 
the head of this Nation although we were defeated in the attempt. 

31st. — Left the house of our kind friends Daniel and Lecta 
Adams with whom we parted as with old friends or relations 
especially with the women. Left the Senecas in order to visit the 
Quapaws, a small tribe about twenty-five miles distant.^ When 
we had gone several miles we staid at the home of the Nation in- 
terpreter for the Senecas, a Mohawk by nation. He said the ob- 
jection to civilization among the Senecas was mostly with the 
chiefs, that the common people would be willing to have schools 
among them. He also told us that we could not get to the Qua- 

*This was in what is now the extreme northeastern corner of Okla- 
homa. 



46 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

paws by reason of high water in a river we must cross, being 
raised by heavy rains, and no boat to help us. Would be likely to 
hinder us several days. We were now under the necessity of 
going back fifteen miles or turn our course and give up seeing the 
tribe, for there was no place that we could stay at here until the 
waters would fall. So we turned our course and passed by them, 
and having rode ten miles to the next house being in the State of 
Missouri, where we expected to stop all night, it was now sunset ; 
they had no corn for our horses, so we were obliged to go five 
miles more, the road bad in places, the evening dark and mostly 
in the woods. We got safe to the place at nine o'clock much 
fatigued and the horses more so. This was at the Great Falls of 
Shoal Creek in Missouri.^ The water was now high. 

8th month i. — Crossed the creek, the water was as high as 
we could pass with safety. We rode about twenty miles that day, 
we arrived about sunset at Samuel Bright's, one of our horses 
was just on the point of giving out, I think could not have gone 
one mile more to save her life. On examining the beast it was 
concluded that her failure was on account of giving too much corn 
the night before not having had any for several days before, only 
oats on the sheaf. This together with the heat which was much 
increased by having to drive them with the covers on to keep off 
the flies. Next morning the beast was much better, and ate well. 
We had every favor here that we needed. 

2nd, First day. — We left here about seven o'clock in the 
evening and crossed Spring Creek, and after going about three 
miles in the woods, S. Bright being with us, we came to the edge 
of the great prairie having failed to get a pilot as would have done. 
Strangers in a strange land we were obliged to make as much of 
our journey as we could in the night because of the flies which 
sometimes drive the poor beasts to death. So we parted with 
S. Bright. It was thirty miles to the next house on the road and 
only one on the way, being one mile from the road, that we passed 
in the night, and reached inhabitants about eight in the morning, 

"It has not been possible to identify this stream, the name has been 
changed. 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHEROKEES. 47 

but still had to go six miles more to get feed for our horses. 
Here we rested till near sunset, but several things combined 
together made our stay quite unpleasant — such as the filthiness of 
the place, and the constant watch they kept over us, whether sleep- 
ing or awake, and that by staring boldly at us or by looking in 
through some crack or hole of which there was a plenty. So we 
got but little rest ; the horses also being much fatigued, but able 
to travel, so we set out for another night's ride across the prairie, 
and rode until twelve at night, when we thought it safest to stop 
as dark clouds had gathered around and sharp flashes of lightning 
were frequent followed by loud peals of thunder. Thus, without 
even a single bush to which we could fasten our horses, we made 
the best preparations we could to meet the coming storm, and 
passed the remainder of the night. The storm was not severe and 
we all got a little sleep towards day, which refreshed us. In the 
morning we proceeded on our journey and crossed the Big Osage 
River. The banks were very steep on both sides. Then took 
[our way] across the prairie to the Old Harmony Mission on the 
next bend of the river, five miles above the ford, where we arrived 
about ten o'clock in the morning. Staid until about the same 
time next day. 

4th. — Here is a small school of Osage children mostly 
orphans, raised here from infancy, under care of the Mission 

Board. The teacher Elizabeth , daughter of John B. 

Howell of Philadelphia, he was a Friend. 

5th. — Left Old Harmony and rode thirty miles to Grand 
River. Had a hard rain this morning that backned [held back] 
the flies much. Hired our kind friend, McSpadden, with whom 
we had found comfortable entertainment for the night, to put his 
oxen to our carriage and take it over the river and up the bank 
which was so steep that our own horses would not have been able 
to draw it up as their shoes were worn very smooth and the clay 
was very wet and slippery. My wife and I then rode on his horse, 
one at a time, his hired man leading it by the bridle across the 
river to the bank. Then with some of their help we also got up 
the bank and found ourselves all safe over about twelve o'clock. 



48 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

We felt thankful, I believe, that we were favored to find kind 
helpers at such a time as this whom we felt it right to reward be- 
yond their charge for their labors. Rode about fifteen miles. 

7th. — Rode about twenty-four miles, mostly across the 
prairie, and stopped that night at one of the most disagreeable 
places that we have seen in the whole journey. 

8th. — Rode about thirteen miles to Friends' establishment in 
the Shawnee Nation, Henry Harvey, Superintendent, who, with 
his family, was very glad to see us and we them. 

9th. — ^Attended their family meeting and felt that the Good 
Master was near. They hold meeting there twice a week together 
with the scholars of the school and such of the people as please 
to come and sit with them. 

14th. — In conversation with our friend Simon D. Harvey 
[our companion] concerning our visit to these Indian countries 
and the small service we had found to be required, I said, many, 
perhaps, may think it never worth while to take so much pains 
and be at such expense for so little ; he said, many no doubt might 
think so, but, said he, that one meeting alone that we had with 
them Spring Creek was sufficient to warrant the visit with all the 
trouble and expense without anything more. . . . 

20th. — Being very sensible that we had been too easily dis- 
couraged by which we had passed the Quapaws without visiting 
them — a subject that had rested with weight upon me at times so 
that I thought best to speak of it, but in looking at the difficulties 
attending a return the subject was soon dropped. But it was so 
laid on me this day that I could see no way for me but to give up 
to go back near two hundred miles, and leave the result, trying as 
it was, and the more so as my wife and I must go alone, Simon D. 
Harvey not thinking to go with us, but to take a boat and go 
home. Under these trying circumstances, feeling that we could 
trust in none but the Lord, alone, I endeavoured to leave my cause 
to Him, and retired to bed. 

2 1 St.— Having reflected on the trial that the present prospect 
brought on my friends, and my wife especially, although they did 



SOME ACCOUNT OF A JOURNEY TO THE CHEROKEES. 49 

not oppose, yet could not see quite with me as to the necessity of 
going back; and endeavoring after true submission, the burden 
gradually withdrew, and the prospect of endeavoring to reach 
Indiana Yearly Meeting seemed clearer than at any time before, 
and I thought if ever I experienced a release from required duty 
it was at this time. So I informed my friends how it was with 
me, and we made some preparations for starting. 

22d. — ^About ten o'clock got under way, and rode to Inde- 
pendence, eighteen miles. Henry Harvey's son Caleb was with 
us to take back the carriage and our horse in case that we could 
get a boat. 

23d. — On our way to the river this morning in going down a 
steep hill, myself alone in the carriage, the horses became unman- 
ageable by reason of the lines not being on right. They left the 
road and went directly off the bank, one horse fell down while the 
other kept her feet. Though the hill was short it was so steep 
that the carriage came over towards the horses, but bearing a lit- 
tle to the right side fell partly on the horse that was down. Ho 
remained so quiet that it was thought he was dead, yet unex- 
pected as it was to us, in one hour's time we found ourselves un- 
der way again, all things put in order, found no material damage 
to horses or carriage. . . . When we came to the river found the 
boat was gone some hours before, and none being expected soon, 
we decided immediately to go on by land. And by steady perse- 
verance found ourselves at St. Louis on Third day evening, the 
first of the Ninth month [1840], all in good health. 

[The arrival at St. Louis completed the visit to the Indian 
tribes. Our friends crossed into Illinois, and made their way to 
Richmond, Indiana. After attending the Yearly Meeting they 
visited most of the meetings belonging to that Yearly Meeting, 
including those in Michigan. They then went on to New York, 
visiting meetings, and finally reached their home in Vermont in 
Seventh month, 1841, of which the following is the record: 
"After attending [New York] Yearly Meeting we returned pretty 
directly home, and met all of our dear ones — friends and rela- 
tions — none of them having died during our absence, and liaving 



50 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

our children all with us now, we soon retired to our solitary abode 
after the absence of more than twenty months." The trip, with 
the exception of the steamboat from Cincinnati to Little Rock, 
made in their own carriage and with the same horses, was cer- 
tainly a remarkable one, and of itself is worthy of record. What 
was accomplished from a religious point of view, is impossible to 
say, but it can hardly be doubted that such simple, earnest and 
faithful service was not without result. — Editor.] 



" JOHN EVANS VS. ELLIS YARNALL AND OTHERS," 
1810. 

This trial is one of the causes celebres of American Quaker- 
ism, and occasioned much comment at the time. Like many cases, 
neither party was wholly clear of blame. The Friends, on their 
part, even by their own admission, seem to have been somewhat 
lacking in Christian love, and too ready to rest upon precedent 
and routine. John Evans, on his part, was evidently a man diffi- 
cult to deal with, as his published account ^ shows very clearly. 

The question arose regarding a dispute between John Evans 
and John Field, both Friends, regarding the assignment of John 
Field, who had failed in business, John Evans being one of the 
assignees. It is difficult to understand clearly the merits of the 
case with the knowledge available, but the result of the trial, the 
character of the defendants, and the length of time the case was 
before the Meeting seem conclusive that Evans was essentially in 
the wrong. John Evans and his wife sent in their resignations, 
which after a time were accepted ; but in such a way that the Min- 
ute, John Evans declared, " amounted to a disownment ." This, 
he claimed, was " cruel and unjust treatment; " and also that the 
sending by the Women's Meeting of a committee to call on his 
wife was " endeavoring to alienate the affections of his wife from 
him." On these grounds, and because one of the woman Friends, 

lA Narrative of the Proceedings of the Religious Society of the 
People called Quakers in Philadelphia Against John Evans, etc. Phila- 
delphia, 181 1. 8vo. pp. 238. 



"JOHN EVANS VS. ELLIS YARNALL AND OTHERS," 1810. 51 

as he claimed, insisted on entering his house after he forbade her 
to enter was trespass, and putting her hand on him was technically 
committing " assault and battery." He, therefore, sued the 
Overseers, laying damages at $20,000. Other particulars are 
given in the letter. The defendants were " Ellis Yarnall, Richard 
Humphreys, Jonathan Willis, Thomas Savery, Isaac Parrish, 
Caleb Carmalt, Benjamin Kite, John James, David Bacon,- Abrm. 
Liddon,- John Elliott,- Hannah Clark, Robert Haydock and Su- 
sannah his wife, and Caleb Pearce and Jane his wife." 

The writer of the subjoined letter, Ellis Yarnall (1757-1847), 
was for fifty years or more one of the most prominent Friends of 
Philadelphia. Judicial trials in the early nineteenth century were 
open to criticism as well as in the twentieth century, and to show 
this is one of the objects in printing this hitherto unpublished 
letter. 

The printed " Narrative " by John Evans, already referred 
to, is, on the face of it, an ex parte and prejudiced account. This 
case is probably one of the trying events referred to by Rebecca 
Jones in a letter of 1807.^ 

Philada. nth Mo. 27, 1810. 
Dear Brother * 

After a week of unusual anxiety & fatigue I sit down to en- 
deavour to get my Ideas sufficiently collected to give thee some 
account of the Issue of the long projected suit of John Evans 
against the Overseers and several other Friends of our Monthly 
Meeting, in all sixteen in number, including David Bacon, 
A. Liddon and Jno. Elliott, now deceased, among whom were 
Hannah Clark, Susannah Haydock, & Jane Peirce, a Committee 
appointed to visit his wife on her sending a resignation of her 
right of membership to them, accompanied with a letter stating 
that she would not see any committee from that meeting on the 

2Died previous to the trial. 

^Memoir of Rebecca Jones, W. J. Allinson, Philadelphia, 1849, 2d ed. 
pp. 331, 332. 

^Probably Nathan Yarnall. 



52 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

occation. Women Friends, however, were not easy to record her 
Resignation without endeavouring to have an oppertunity of con- 
ferring with her thereon. The action was brought for a pre- 
tended assault and battery against the person, and trespas on the 
property of said J. Evans by those Women Friends. In the in- 
vestigation of these charges his attorneys embraced the priviledge 
which it afforded them of inspecting into the proceedings of the 
Men's Meeting against John, which he alledged had been cruel; 
and by an unwarrantable exercise of Church Discipline amount- 
ing to religious persecution & Tyranny, connecting divers other 
charges, such as endeavouring to alienate the affections of his 
wife from him etc. Etc., for which he claimed damages to the 
amount of twenty thousand dollars. His complaints were chiefly 
against the Overseers, and, as I apprehend, with a view to pre- 
vent our bringing any testimony to disprove his allegations, he in- 
cluded all of the Overseers in the suit, as well as all the three 
women, though only one seemed, by the testimony of his own wit- 
ness, to be the aggressor. This circumstance embarrassed us 
considerable on the tryal & left an obscurity on some actions 
which might have been fully cleared up had any of our number 
been admitted as witnesses. The tryal came on the third day of 
last week at the Supreme Court before Judge Brackenridge. We 
had much wished to have try'd it before Chief Judge Tilghman, 
& it had been marked for Tryal at several of the last courts where 
he presided, but our opponents had the address to get it post- 
poned till this time & to bring it on under the presidency of 
Brackenridge who resides in one of the Back counties of their 
State, & was raised to this station soon after McKean's first elec- 
tion to Governor,^ with perhaps little to recommend him but his 
Democratic principles, & during the course of the Tryal it suffi- 
ciently appeared that, to say the least, he was not prejudiced in 
favour of our Society. Thus were we drawn into this very im- 
portant tryal under very discouraging circumstances. 

^Thomas McKean, Governor, 1799-1808. He was a strong Democrat. 



"JOHN EVANS VS. ELLIS YARNALL AND OTHERS," 1810. 53 

It was, as remarked by attorney Rawle,^ '' a very novel case 
in a court of Pennsylvania to have sixteen of the People called 
Quakers, whose leading principle is love, forbearance, & good will 
to men, & when they are smitten on the one cheek to turn the 
other, arraigned at the Bar for assault and battery," and perhaps 
not less novel to have the proceedings of a Monthly Meeting try'd 
by our own Discipline in a Court of Justice to which we were 
forced to submit by the decision of the Judge — and for want of 
a little more timely exertion on the part of our Lawyers. Our 
opponents imployed 4 of the most emminent attorneys. We had 
three. An advantage was taken of an affidavit of an absent wit- 
ness which declared that Hannah Clark had entered the Plain- 
tif's door after he forbid her so doing; which might have been 
very excusable, even if it had been so, as she is very hard of hear- 
ing, but the fact was otherways, and could have easily been proven 
to be so had either Jane or Susannah been admitted as witnesses. 
After the utmost ingenuity of our opponent's counsel, & a very 
able defense from ours, who appeared to engage in the cause from 
principle, and after a charge from the Bench seldom equalled for 
its partial details containing insinuations against us, which even 
the opposite counsel had not thought of, the Jury retired about 
7 o'clock last evening, and this morning returned a verdict for 
Plaintiff, damages half-a-cent "^ but no costs. They found them- 
selves under a necessity of giving a verdict in this way owing to 
our not being able to repel the charge of H. C. entering the house 
without his consent; but the trifling damage of half-a-cent, & 
throwing the cost on J. Evans sufficiently stamps the action with 
their decided disapprobation, and will, I trust, prevent future at- 
tempts against the order of Society in regard to our Discipline. 
This Tryal which lasted a whole week had excited considerable 

^William Rawle, John Hallowell, William Lewis were counsel for 
Defendants ; J. W. Condy, Moses Levy, Jared Ingersoll, Edward Tilgh- 
man for Plaintiff. 

■^There was at the time a half-cent coin in circulation. 



54 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

interest not only amongst Friends but among the citizens in gen- 
eral, as was evident by the crowded house during the whole time, 
& the result appears satisfactory to almost every class. 

My wife & children unite in love to you and your children 
with your affect. 

Brother 

Ellis Yarnall. 

N B. Were I not writing to thee an apology for the imper- 
fections of this letter would be necessary, but such has been the 
state of my mind during the tryal that I have not been able to take 
my usual sleep. Much of the arrangement of our defense having 
rested on myself & one other Friend who had been deputed as 
Managers on behalf of the Defendants. 



JOSEPH JOHN GURNEY IN PHILADELPHIA, 1837. 

[The following account of the arrival of Joseph John Gurney 
at Philadelphia in 1837, and his first few days in that city, is taken 
from a manuscript copy of an autobiographical sketch written on 
his homeward voyage " on board the Roscius, 8 mo. 4th 1840."] 

After a voyage of forty seven days [in the ship Mononga- 
hela] we landed at Philadelphia on the fifth day even of 8 mo. 
24th 1837, and found my dear friend John Paul on the wharf 
awaiting our arrival. One night at sea when I was troubled and 
anxious respecting our voyage, a kind of mental sight was given 
me before I fell asleep of him and his valued wife Hannah Paul 
and their comfortable abode, with an intimation that these were 
the hosts and this the rest prepared for me at Philadelphia. The 
effect at the time was to send me quietly to sleep, and truly on my 
arrival I found the vision verified. 

Never was a travelling Friend more hospitably and benevo- 
lently treated than I have been under that peaceful roof in North 
Fifth Street. . . . 



JOSEPH JOHN GURNEY IN PHILADELPHIA, 1837. 55 

Stephen Grellet so long known and loved, and Thomas 
Evans, my intimate correspondent by letter, were at the house 
expecting me. Sweet peace and much solemnity attended my 
arrival and the language of thanksgiving was poured forth, I hope 
acceptably. . . . 

The first effect of Philadelphia was at once interesting and 
strange to me — the appearance of it to my feelings, foreign — the 
weather very warm — the rows of trees, (many of them new to 
me) in the streets, beautiful — the wooded squares still more so — 
the incessant sounds of the cricket at night, rather soothing — the 
whole scene, one of much greater order and quietness than belong 
to the generality of great cities. 

I much enjoyed walking about with Thomas Evans with 
whom I immediately felt, as he did with me, the familiarity of 
old friendship. He is a person of pleasing manner and personal 
appearance, faithful and warm hearted, much devoted to the cause 
of Christ, well-informed, of excellent talents, having more of 
fluency than strength as a writer and both strong and fluent as a 
speaker; rather infirm in body, and certainly much too prone to 
discouragement. , . . 

To attend my first meeting in America was strange to my 
feelings ; yet much of quietness and solemnity was felt on the oc- 
casion. It was at the North Meeting. The fans were going all 
the time on the women's side, but with this practice I soon be- 
came familiar. In the evening a vast meeting was assembled in 
Arch Street, when I opened my Commission (without any pre- 
vious view of the kind) by a defence of the character and senti- 
ments of our early Friends. " The memory of the just is 
blessed." In connection with this subject, the Gospel was, I 
trust, fully preached. The sermon was taken down verbatim by 
a young " Hicksite," and afterwards published. Great was the 
peace in which I left Philadelphia the next morning, with my 
friend John Paul on our journey to Mt. Pleasant in Ohio, where 
the Yearly Meeting for that State was about to be held. 

[The following contemporary remarks on tiie arrival and 
presence of Joseph John Gurney at Philadelphia arc interesting. 



56 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

They are taken from a letter written by Julianna R. Wood, of 
Philadelphia, to " Richard Cadbury, Esq., Birmingham, Eng- 
land."] 

Philadelphia 8th Mo. 27, 1837. 
My much respected friend : 

I have just returned from a meeting that would have re- 
joiced thy heart to have attended. A Meeting at which were 
present about three thousand persons, as we conjecture, the room 
in the Arch street house comfortably accommodates 2500,^ it was 
filled to overflowing, benches brought into the aisles, and many 
who could nowhere obtain seats clustered in the doorways, and 
round the windows. It was the first time of seeing him to many 
of his audience, who evinced the deepest attention and most 
breathless interest in what he had to communicate. Interest not 
unmingled with anxiety in the minds of some from the reports of 
all sorts currently circulated of him. The words he commenced 
with were " The memory of the just is blessed, it shall not de- 
cay." [He] went on to say, so was that of our father Abraham, 
who on Mount Moriah bound his son for a sacrifice ; so was that 
of Moses who esteemed the reproach of Christ greater riches 
than all the treasures of Egypt; so was that of the earliest dis- 
ciples of our Lord, who left all to follow him, resigning their 
homes and renouncing the comforts of this life to promulgate the 
everlasting Gospel in the midst of peril and suffering. And 
blessed indeed to us should be that of the worthy founders of our 
Society, who so faithfully obeyed the divine requirement of 
them and who, however they might now be traduced, were 
founded, if any people ever were, on the immutable Rock 
of Ages. Subjects strictly doctrinal followed in more beau- 
tiful order than I can give any account of. . . . He spoke an 
hour and near a quarter, and appeared in supplication, he had 
done both in the morning and afternoon meetings and the even- 
ing being warm he seemed a good deal exhausted. . . . He sets 
off to-morrow for Ohio Yearly Meeting commencing on seventh 

^In the Memoirs of Joseph John Gurney, vol. ii, p. 97, the number is 
estimated at 2000. 



WOMEN'S YEARLY MEETING AT ARCH STREET, 1805. 57 

day next. The moment of his arriving at John Paul's door from 
the vessel is said to have been one of much interest. Stephen 
Grellet was among those awaiting him. He leaped from the car- 
riage exclaiming, " My dear friend Stephen Grellet ! " when they 
embraced with much emotion and affection. On entering the 
house he fell on his knees sweetly returning thanks to the 
Almighty power who had preserved him." 



WOMEN'S YEARLY MEETING AT ARCH ST. MEETING 
HOUSE, 1805. 

" Had you staid another day with us you would have been 
fairly in the Yearly Meeting bustle, as the Uncles, Aunts, and 
Cousins flocked in that morning by dozens. In the afternoon we 
all assembled at the new House,^ and I very much doubt whether 
modern times ever witnessed so large a collection of females ; 
many attended through curiosity on that day, that have perhaps 
not attended a meeting house this seven years before. It would 
scarcely hold the half of us, and poor James Vaux bustled about 
till he was quite in a perspiration to find seats, but all in vain, it 
would not hold us. And it has been extremely crowded through 
the week — the gate-keepers say 17 hundred have attended and 
that Market St. house will not contain 16 [hundred] seated. How- 
ever every body has found fault, and a very partial vote of thanks 
for our new accommodation has reached our Masters. To give 
thee my own opinion, I cannot see what is now to be done, but 
divide the Yearly Meeting, and raise more of the benches so that 
we can see as well as hear what is going forward. But R. Jones 
[Rebecca Jones] (our Queen) has commanded us not to say any- 
thing more about it, lest the Men should be discouraged from 
attempting to please us again." 

Ann Shoemaker to her sister Rebecca (Shoemaker) Cope, 
Philadelphia 4 mo. 21, 1805. 



^This was the eastern wing, now occupied by men Friends at Yearly 
Meeting. 



58 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

In connection with the above letter the contemporary notices 
by Rebecca Jones will be interesting. 

"Fifth month ist, [1805]. Since the last note our Yearly 
Meeting has been held. . . . The women's meetings were held in 
the new house, built for that purpose, in Arch street burying 
ground, and was very large. It was said by some Men Friends 
who took the account, that sixteen hundred were accommodated 
in it. . . . The meeting ended on Seventh-day about 11 o'clock, 
but not so soon as we wished, and hoped it would. . . . 

" Seventh month 8, [1805]. Friends of High Street (Market 
St.), last Fifth-day, removed their week-day meeting to the new 
house on Arch Street. . . . 

" Ninth month 23, [1805]. To Mary Bevan, wife of Joseph 
Gurney Bevan, England. Our late Yearly meeting [women's] 
was held in the new house, built for the accommodation of women 
Friends, which is found convenient, and will be more so when our 
brethren shall build one for themselves, as contemplated, on the 
same lot, in unison with it." Memorials of Rebecca Jones, 2d 
edition [1849] PP- 3i5. 3i8, 321.^ 

ITEMS FROM OLD ALMANACS. 

The following items from old Almanacs throw considerable 
light on the opportunities for travel somewhat over a hundred 
years ago. The stages in the Middle and Southern States ran at 
still less frequent intervals, and inns, and even what were consid- 
ered in those days the requisites of travel, were sadly lacking. 

The journals of the Friends give some information on these 
points, but much less than we should like to have. Most Friends 
travelled by private conveyance or on horseback. They went 
from one Friend's house to another, and as it was considered a 
privilege to entertain " public " Friends, including their horses, 
long distances could be covered at a trifling cost, except of time, 
which was abundant. Travel was not confined to " public " 

2The western wing was added in 181 1, and the women's meeting first 
occupied it Third-day, the i6th of Fourth month, 1811 ; on the same day 
the men first occupied the eastern wing, hitherto occupied by the women. 



ITEMS FROM OLD ALMANACS. 59 

Friends, however, all were welcome, and no doubt the news 
brought by the traveller, and the variety in a life which was much 
more a matter of routine than at present, was thought ample re- 
payment for food, lodging and horse feed. 

It should be helpful and suggestive to us, in these days of 
" rapid transit " and motor rush, to be brought a little in touch 
with the life of our forefathers, and so get to understand them 
better. These country Friends had no religious periodicals, only 
a stray newspaper now and then, and but scanty means of obtain- 
ing information of the outside world. Knowledge of conditions 
of life not seldom give the key to many Society troubles. 

The notices in these Almanacs regarding the holdings of the 
Meetings of Friends are interesting, as they seem to indicate that 
Friends were an important part of the community. Similar in- 
formation regarding other denominations is either absent or given 
with much less fulness. 

It seems strange that in an almanac for 1790, prepared by 
Elisha Thornton, a Friend, that except for the time and place of 
holding " Friends' Yearly Meeting for New England," no other 
meetings are mentioned, while in some other almanacs, as sho\vn 
below, the lists are very full. 

In the issue of Elisha Thornton's Almanac, just mentioned, 
beside the " Meeting " information are found " Some Geographi- 
cal Definitions ; " times of holding the " Courts " in New Eng- 
land ; the chief " Roads," and a brief " Tide " table. The calen- 
dar pages, in addition to the usual information, are furnished with 
sundry pieces of agricultural advice and " weather wise " items. 
The latter are generally judiciously spread out so as to cover sev- 
eral days, thus becoming tolerably safe predictions. In First 
month we read, " Storms about this time ; " in Tenth month, 
" Frost and wind disrobe the trees." Sometimes, however, direct 
statements are placed against individual dates. Of the advices, 
the following are specimens: Fifth month 17-18, *' It will do to 
plant yet:" Sixth month 10-13, "Weeding time, keep clean the 
field, then in return, the greater yield." 

The house where this Quaker schoolmaster and almanac 
maker lived is still standing in excellent condition, tliough much 



6o BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

altered by extensive additions, near Slatersville, Rhode Island, 
about eighteen miles northwest of Providence. 

From " Weatherwise Federal Almanack, 1789." 
Boston, John Norman. 
friends yearly meeting. 
At Philadelphia, the 4*^ first day of the 3d and 6th months. 
At Wilmington the ist day after the spring meeting at Philadel- 
phia. At Chester River the 3d seventh day in the fourth month. 
At Duck Creek, the 4th seventh day in the fourth Month. At 
Salem, the 3d first day in the fifth Month. At Flushing on 
L. Island the last ist day in the fifth Month. At Little Egg Har- 
bour, the ist first in the 6th Month. At Curls and Black Water, 
Virginia the 3d seventh in the 6th Month. At West River and 
C(h)optank, the ist seventh day in the 6th Month At Little Creek, 
the 4th seventh day in the loth Month. At Shrewsbury, Virginia, 
the 4th first day in the loth Month. At Cecil, the 3d seventh day 
in the loth Month. At Martinecook on L. Island, the last first 
day in the loth Month. At the Old Neck in Perquimons, in 
North Carolina, the 4th sixth day in the loth Month. At Sand- 
wich, the 6th day before the last ist day in the 3d Month. At 
Greenwich, the last ist day in the fifth Month. At Newport 
Rhode Island, the 2d sixth day in the sixth Month. At Nan- 
tucket the 4th sixth day in the 6th Month. At Kingston, the 2d 
first day in the 8th Month. At Providence, the 4th first day of 
the 8th Month. At Salem, the 4th first day in the sixth Month. 
At Situate, the ist sixth day in the loth Month. At Dartmouth, 
the 4th sixth day in the loth Month. At Swanzey, the 2d seventh 
day in the nth Month. 

STAGES ISAIAH THOMAS'S ALMANACK, 180O. 

" New York Mail Stage, by the way of Worcester and Hart- 
ford, sets off from Pease's Stage Office in State Street from the 
20th April to the 20th of October every Monday, Wednesday and 
Friday at ten o'clock in the morning, and arrives at New York 
every Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday at noon. Leaves New 



ITEMS FROM OLD ALMANACS. 6i 

York the same days and hours that it does Boston and arrives 
at Boston the same days and hours that it does at New York. 

" From the 20th Oct. to the 20th of April this stage leaves 
Boston every Monday, Wed. and Friday at noon and arrives 
at New York every Tuesday, Thur. Sat. at 10 in the forenoon. 
Leaves New York and arrives at Boston on the same days and 
hours as last mentioned; but when the travelling is good, it ar- 
rives in Boston on Mond. Wednes. Frid. evening. 

" N. B. The roads from Boston to Newhaven, by the way of 
Worcester and Hartford, are the best; and by late actual meas- 
urement the distance is 14 miles less than was formerly reckoned. 
The price of each passenger in the Mail Stage is 6 cents and 
quarter for each mile, and 5 and a half cents in the Old Line. 
The whole passage from Newhaven to Boston, 155 miles. The 
price in the Mail 9 dolls, and 87 cents ; in the Old Line 8 dolls. 75 
cents : Toll Bridges and Turnpikes are paid by the proprietors." 

FROM A BOSTON ALMANACK OF 1 787, PROBABLY THE " WEATHER- 
WISE FEDERAL." 

" Time of arriving and setting off, of the different Stage 
Coaches, &c. 

" The Hartford Stage Waggons set out from Mr. Pease's in 
Common-street, Boston, every Monday and Thursday morning: 
The New York Stage leaves Copes tavern in Broadway, New 
York, meet the Hartford Stage at Stratford ferry on Tuesdays 
and Fridays and exchange passengers ; at the same time the Bos- 
ton and one of the Hartford stages meet at Col. Reed's in Brook- 
field, and exchange passengers. All the stages return to the 
places every Wednesday and Friday. 

*' The New Hampshire, or Portsmouth Stage Coach sets off 
from Mr. Dudley Colman's Sign of the Cock near the Mill-bridge 
Boston, every Monday comes in on Tuesday, sets out on Wed- 
nesday returns on Thursday, sets out on Friday returns on Satur- 
day. 

'' The Rhode Island or Providence Stage Coaches leaves 
Hinkley's Sign of White Horse Boston, generally every Monday, 
Wednesday and Friday, early in the morning, and in good 



62 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

weather arrive at Providence the same day. The stages set out 
from Mr. Rice's Providence, for Boston the same time. 

" The Salem Stage Coach sets off from Salem, early every 
morning, arrives at Boston in the afternoon. Sets off from Mrs. 
Loring's at the sign of the Golden Ball, every afternoon of the 
same day, and returns back. Arriving and setting off of the dif- 
ferent Posts. 

" The southern Male arrives at Boston from November ist 
to May I St on Wednesday and Saturday at 7 o'clock P. M. and 
set out the same evenings ; from May the ist to November the 
1st on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday at 8 o'clock. 

" The eastern Male arrives and sets out at the same time." 

FROM ISAIAH THOMAS's ALMANACK, 1 799. 
" RATES OF POSTAGE OF A SINGLE LETTER. 

" For 30 miles, 6 cents. For 60 miles, 8 cents. For 100 
miles, 10 cents. For 150 miles, 12J/2 cents. For 200 miles, 15 
cents. For 250 miles, 17 cents. For 350 miles, 20 cents. For 
450 miles, 22 cents. For more than 450 miles, 25 cents. Every 
double letter is to pay double the said rates, every triple letter, 
triple ; every packet weighing one ounce, at the rate of four sin- 
gle letters for each ounce. Every enclosure the same as a letter." 



ANNUAL EXCURSION OF THE FRIENDS' HISTORICAL 
SOCIETY, 1916. 

The annual excursions of the Friends' Historical Society 
have been, perhaps without exception, pleasant occasions, not only 
from the places of historic interest which have been visited, but 
also from the social intercourse for which such excursions afford 
the opportunity. The excursion of 1916 was no exception. 

The morning of Sixth month loth was showery and threaten- 
ing, but a little before noon the sky was brighter, and at 1.30 p. m. 
about seventy-five or eighty persons were seated in the special 
train which had been engaged for the party at Camden, New Jer- 
sey. The program for the afternoon was a visit to the " homes 



ANNUAL EXCURSION, 1916. 63 

and haunts " of John Woolman, so far as they could be identified, 
in, and in the neighborhood of Mount Holly, New Jersey. The 
especial object of the excursion was the house in Mount Holly 
which John Woolman built for his daughter in 1771, and which 
had lately been bought and placed in the hands of trustees, the 
history of which transaction is familiar to readers of the Bulle- 
tin.^ 

The first halt was made at Moorestown to take up those at 
that place who wished to join the party. The next stopping-place 
was at the station for Masonville, a village. Here, perhaps half 
the company got ofif the train and took automobiles, motor mov- 
ing-vans or other conveyances, which were waiting for them, to 
visit sites and scenes too distant from Mount Holly to admit of 
walking in the limited time at disposal. 

The procession soon started, and it was amusing to see solid 
Friends, some of wide reputation, sitting in rows in a car on 
which was painted in large letters, " Pianos and other articles 
moved with care and promptness." Others of the company were 
in a car whose chief business was to take children to and from 
school, but now pressed into service for " children of a larger 
growth." 

The route lay almost due north, and in a short time a halt 
was made in front of a grove of fine trees near which was a 
graveyard evidently of Friendly character. This place, the com- 
pany was informed, was the site of the meeting-house which John 
Woolman generally attended. About a quarter of a mile away 
was seen the old homestead of the numerous family of Stokes. 
From this place a short run brought us to the peaceful, shall we 
say sleepy, village of Rancocas. This little village lies em1x)w- 
ered in fine trees, its wide shady main street is bordered by large 
red brick comfortable houses standing singly in well-kept lawns 
adorned with flower beds and shrubbery. Near the southern 
entrance of the village is the large brick meeting-house built in 
1772, as that date in the gable set forth. This house belongs to 
the Race Street Friends, and a conference of some kind was being 

^Bulletin, vol. 6, p. 66. 



64 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

held. The many automobiles in the old horse-sheds and on the 
green were strongly inconsistent with the old house and the dwell- 
ings which seemed to belong to a place where one could spend 
his days, " The world forgetting, by the world forgot." As the 
conference occupied only one-half of the house, a number of the 
excursionists peeped in to catch a glimpse of the interior. On 
seeing them, some of those attending the conference came out and 
cordially greeted the intruders. 

After a brief halt, the company started again for the next 
stopping-place — the old Woolman Farm — on which had stood the 
house in which John Woolman was born. This farm now be- 
longs to a collateral descendant, and is one of the model fruit- 
farms of New Jersey. It is carried on after the intensive plan, 
and to a non-expert it would seem difficult to find trimmer, neater 
or more closely occupied grounds. The orchards were like 
flower-beds in their cultivation, and every contrivance seemed to 
be employed for spraying, watering and cultivating. 

The motors drew up in the ample farm-yard, their occupants 
alighted, and gathered in front of the veranda from which the 
courteous owner addressed the company, pointing out the site, on 
a somewhat lower level, of the old Woolman house, and giving a 
brief history of the farm and its various owners. The view, with 
its meadowland, the winding of Rancocas Creek, here a broad and 
shallow stream, gave rather the impression of an English scene 
than of an American one. 

Another stretch brought the company to Mount Holly, on the 
outskirts of which the Woolman house stands. The route lay 
through the town. The long line of the motor-cars of those who 
had chosen that mode of conveyance, pointed out the place some 
time before it was reached. One could not but wonder how John 
Woolman would have viewed the sight. It is quite certain, we 
may think, that he who would not ride in a stage-coach because 
of the heavy loads which were placed upon the horses, and on 
account of the cruelty with which many of them were treated, 
would have rejoiced to see that machinery bore the loads and 
cruelty was wholly eliminated, though doubtless he would at the 
same time have testified against some of the luxurious limousines 
of the present day. 



ANNUAL EXCURSION, 1916. 65 

The house, which has been pretty fully described in a pre- 
vious number of The Bulletin (Vol. 6, pp. 66-70), stands fif- 
teen or twenty feet back from the street which the gable end faces. 
The entrance on the right hand is modest, and indeed the whole 
house is small. So large was the number of visitors that it was 
difficult to get a satisfactory view of the rooms. The great fire- 
place, discovered and opened since the purchase, is perhaps the 
most interesting object. Large enough almost to sit in, with its 
original swinging crane, it brought to view old conditions of liv- 
ing more than anything else. A number of contemporary cooking 
utensils and kitchen tools have been collected, and add to the in- 
terest. The furniture which has been gathered together is, much 
of it, old-time, and all is appropriate and attractive. There is, 
however, room for more, especially that which is of genuine an- 
tique make. 

Recently as the association has come into possession, the 
grounds, comprising nearly two acres, were in excellent order, 
cottage flowers were blooming in the garden, and also early vege- 
tables, already promising good returns. 

The whole establishment is what John Woolman might have 
been expected to provide for his daughter — simple, comfortable, 
useful. Though there is at present no evidence to show that he 
ever lived in the house himself, it is not at all unlikely that he may 
have spent some time there before he sailed for England in 1772. 

It had been expected to have afternoon tea and hold the meet- 
ing on the grounds, but owing to the threatening weather, both 
were held in Mount Holly Meeting-house, a large quaint old 
structure, which was generously offered for that purpose by the 
members of that Meeting.- 

An audience of about three hundred gathered. Davis H. 
Forsythe, president of Friends' Historical Society, presided, and 
gave a brief opening address ; Amelia M. Gummere, through 
whose earnest efforts the property was secured, gave an account 
of "Woolman's Journal," and also a statement of the way in which 
the property is held, and of the hopes entertained for the future. 
Hannah P. Morris read Whittier's poem, " To , with a 

^This house belongs to the Race Street Friends. 



66 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Copy of Woolman's Journal," and Max I. Reich gave a 
thoughtful and suggestive address on " John Woolman's Message 
To-day."^ 

At the conclusion of the meeting, lunch baskets were pro- 
duced, and, supplemented by coffee with milk and cream from the 
Woolman farm, ice-cream and cake, all furnished by the Mount 
Holly Friends, an excellent meal followed. When this was over, 
those who had come by rail, took the special train for Camden at 
7.30 p. m., after an unusually pleasant afternoon. A. C. T, 

CHARLES F. COFFIN, 1823-1916. 

In the death of Charles F. Coffin, of Chicago, Eighth month 
9th, 1916, in his ninety-fourth year, the Bulletin loses one of its 
warm supporters and frequent contributors. 

Charles Fisher Coffin, the son of Elijah and Naomi (Hiatt) 
Coffin, was born in 1823 in Guilford County, North Carolina. He 
was taken while an infant to Indiana, when his parents emigrated 
from North Carolina. His father became one of the most promi- 
nent Friends in Indiana, and was Clerk of Indiana Yearly Meet- 
ing from 1827 to 1858, when he was succeeded by his son Charles, 
the subject of this sketch, who held the office until 1884. Thus, 
father and son held the position fifty-eight years consecutively, a 
unique record in Quaker history. 

The Coffin family moved to Richmond, Indiana, in 1834, 
which continued to be the residence of Charles F. Coffin until 
1884, when he removed to Chicago. His business was that of a 
banker, and he used to say that he had occupied every position 
in a bank from that of office boy to that of president. 

He was perhaps even more active in the Society than his 
father had been, and his influence was proportionately great. For 
many years no important committee in his particular meeting or 
Monthly or Quarterly, or Yearly Meeting was considered com- 
plete unless he was included. Of all general conferences, com- 
mittees and delegations he was sure to be a member. His excel- 
lent judgment and power of clear statement made him invaluable. 
He was an admirable presiding officer, and was often called upon 



WILLIAM PENN'S PRAYER FOR PHILADELPHIA. 67 

to perform this service, which he did with dignity and fairness. 
This is not the place to speak of his religious work, or the services 
which he rendered to his town and State. Neither can his private 
and home life be treated of. Except that he became somewhat 
deaf in later years, he retained all his faculties until the end, and 
he never lost his interest in current events. Those who heard 
him speak in the ministry in his ninety-third year, wondered at 
the clearness of thought, the logical order of his words, and the 
carrying power of his voice. 

He was tall, well-formed, courteous in his bearing, and had 
a fine-looking countenance with a winning smile, and charm of 
manner. 

WILLIAM PENN'S PRAYER FOR PHILADELPHIA. 

The bronze tablet,^ containing the prayer of William Penn for 
Philadelphia, after long delay is now in a fair way to be com- 
pleted, and in about six weeks the contractors promise to have it 
in place in its new location. This will be in a recess on the east 
wall of the passage through the City Hall, looking north, up 
Broad Street, immediately within the archway. 

The design has been drawn by the Acting City Architect, 
Louis E. Marie, and has been passed by the Art Jury, so there 
will be no more tantalizing delays and objections. This tablet 
will be well lighted by day and night, and conforms to the high 
arched recess in which it will find place. 

It is due to the earnest efforts of Stanley R. Yarnall and 
Walter Brinton that a new start was made and this second design 
— an undoubted improvement upon the first — has successfully 
passed the Art Jury. The order for casting the tablet has been 
given. When the work has been completed and the tablet is in 
place, a facsimile will be given in The Bulletin. 
Amella. M. Gummere, 

Chairman of Tablet Committee. 

^An account of the tablet was given in The Bulletin vol. vi. pages 
85-86, with a supplementing note saying that the City Art Jury had de- 
clined for unknown reasons to approve either the tablet or the place 
suggested. After two years the project is to be carried out. — Editor. 



68 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 

Memorandum written by William Rotch in the Eightieth Year of 
his Age. Boston and New York, Houghton Mififlin Company, 1916, 
8%xS in., pp. xiii, 89. Illustrated. $3.50. Edition limited to four hundred 
and fifty copies. 

Readers of The Bulletin will, doubtless, recall a paper on " William 
Rotch and the Neutrality of Nantucket during the Revolutionary War," 
by Lydia S. Hinchman (vol. i. No. 2, pp. 49-SS). This little volume 
gives the story in the words of the chief actor. It has remained since 
1814 in manuscript. It now appears in handsome form, the work of the 
Riverside Press. The incident is one that is little known. Nantucketers 
were in a difficult position during the Revolution. They were exposed 
to attacks from the British both on themselves and their ships — their 
chief source of supply; the Americans were unable to defend them; and, 
meantime, most of the islanders were men of peace. How these dif- 
ficulties were met is here related with a certain quaintness of expres- 
sion that is very attractive. The cost of the volume will restrict the 
number of readers. The illustrations add much to the interest. One 
typographical error has been noticed. On page 34, line 12, Provincial 
should be Provisional. It is obviously an error of the copyist. 

The Annual Monitor for 1916. . . . John Bellows, Eastgate, Glouces- 
ter, 1915. 572X372 in., pp. X, 206, 2s. 

This small Annual came to hand too late to be noticed in our last 
number. The reader must be struck by the character of the brief 
" Memoirs " which it contains. It is often said that men and women 
of the present are not equal to those of the past, but these brief sketches 
show how untrue such statements are. To their contemporaries, Francis 
Arnold Wright, Joshua Rowntree, Lucy Harrison, Richard Westlake, 
Ellen Clare Pearson and others were what worthies of a previous day 
were to their generation. 

The editor of the volume remarks, " It is unlikely that it has fallen 
to the lot of any previous editor of this Annual to record the names 
of members of our Society who have lost their lives in the militant 
ranks of our country's forces. Three such appear at this time. . . . 
Added to these are two Quaker victims of the German submarines. . . . 
Two lamented deaths have taken place of young men in the Friends' 
Ambulance Unit." One of those " killed in action at the Dardanelles " 
was John Barlow Emmott, a grandson of Joseph Bevan Braithwaite; 
Annie Neave, aged 74, was lost on the "Arabic," and J. Foster Stack- 
house, aged 41, was lost on the " Lusitania." 

This one hundred and fourth issue of this Annual deserves thoughtful 
attention. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 69 

Friends Beyond Seas. By Henry T. Hodgkin, M.A., M.B. Secre- 
tary of the Friends' Foreign Mission Association, and sometime Mission- 
ary in Chengtu, West China. London, Headley Brothers, 1916. 7V2XS in., 
pp. 256, 3s.6d. Illustrated. 

This is a brief history of the missionary work of Friends from the 
beginning of the Society. 

No one could be better equipped in every way for his task than the 
author of this book. Enthusiastic in his subject, a successful worker him- 
self in the field, highly educated, and with every facility for ascertain- 
ing facts. The story is a deeply interesting one, and reveals an aston- 
ishing amount of faith, earnestness, triumph over great obstacles, 
Christian love and sympathy. Two chapters deserve especial attention 
— chapter 7 on " Progress at Home," and chapter 8, " The Society of 
Friends and Foreign Missions." American Friends will, doubtless, be 
somewhat disappointed to find very scanty accounts of Mission work 
by Friends in America. The author speaking of this writes, " Mission 
work by American Friends has also found a very small place. Its full 
treatment would require another volume," (Preface). The Missionary 
activity of the early Friends is also very briefly treated as was possibly 
unavoidable. 

The Missionary Spirit and the Present Opportunity. By Henry T. 
Hodgkin, M.A., M.B. Secretary of the Friends' Foreign Mission Associa- 
tion, sometime Missionary in West China. . . . Published for the Wood- 
brooke Extension Committee by Headley Brothers, London, 1916. 7V4XS 
in., pp. 104, IS. Swarthmore Lecture. 

This, the ninth " Swarthmore Lecture," well sustains the high char- 
acter of the series. It is a thoughtful study of what constitutes the 
" Missionary Spirit." The psychological basis of this " Spirit," the author 
says, consists of (a) Loyalty, (b) Intensity of Conviction, (c) Con- 
sciousness of a fresh Discovery — the Child Spirit, and correlated to these. 
Good-will towards others. This theme is carefully developed, and then 
the author takes up briefly the " relation of Friends to the present oppor- 
tunity." This is specially seen in relation to their position on War, 
Christian Living, and the Inward Light. The Missionary Spirit, how- 
ever, and the present opportunity belong to no one section of the Church. 
What the world needs is a " rebirth of Christianity." 

There are many passages which it would be a pleasure to quote were 
there space to do so. Here is one : " The maintenance of the true 
Christian missionary spirit demands an expansion on the intellectual 
side. . . . Enthusiasm without education must lead, sooner or later, to 
fanaticism or error. ... By thinking of the soul as reaching maturity 
in one sudden moment of illumination, while the mind, we suppose, must 
climb laboriously to the mount of vision, wc have created an atmosphere 



70 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

that ultimately destroys the missionary spirit. The fault lies in thinking 
not too much of the development of the mind, but too little of that of the 
soul," pp. 58, 59. The book can be cordially recommended. 

Joshua Rowntree. By S. E. Robson, with a foreword by J. Rendel 
Harris, M.A., D.Litt. London, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. Ruskin 
House. 7^/4x5 in. Pp. 190. Illustrated. 

This work is an appreciation rather than a biography. Little ex- 
cept what is absolutely necessary is told of his home life, but the atten- 
tion is concentrated on his public and semi-public career. It is probably 
well, for a small book will win far more readers. 

Joshua Rowntree was a man to be admired, to be trusted, to be 
loved. How he was regarded by his own towns-folk is shown by way 
he was called — " Our Joshua," and by an anecdote related by Mrs. Acland 
— " I remember once, when I was walking from the Valley on to the 
South Cliff at Scarborough, I came upon a little girl in tattered clothes 
who seemed to have lost her way. ' Please can you tell me where Josepher 
Rowntree lives?' she said, 'I want him'." 

All who knew Joshua Rowntree personally will read this book with 
deep interest. It gives a graphic picture of him. He was born in 1844 and 
died in 1915. His seventy years of life were full of activity. From early 
manhood to the close of life, there was scarcely a good cause which he 
did not in some way help. In speaking of the early Friends in his Swarth- 
more Lecture (1913) he says, "To the early Friends all life, religious 
and civil, domestic and ecclesiastical, was, as our newest philosophies 
would have it to be, one life." This statement he carried out to the full 
in his own life. Whether member of the School Board of Scarborough, 
his native city and place of residence, of the Town Council, Mayor, one of 
the Harbor Commissioners, a post he held for twenty-eight years, a 
Justice of the Peace, a Member of Parliament, or as a Friend, it was 
all the same life based upon the same principles and lived out under the 
same guidance. He was essentially " one who loved his f ellowmen," and 
hence a true reformer. His special interests were Adult School work. 
Temperance, Peace, Anti-Opium traffic, Education and his own Religious 
Society. It is impossible to go into details, they must be sought in the 
book. 

He and his wife were the first wardens of Woodbrooke, and were 
greatly instrumental in carrying out the ideal of the real founder, John 
Wilhelm Rowntree. Joshua Rowntree was for some time the editor of 
the London Friend; he edited the two volumes of the Essays and Papers 
of John Wilhelm Rowntree ; and wrote a number of tracts ; his most 
elaborate work was, " The Imperial Drug Trade," London, 1905. 3rd edi- 
tion, 1908. This is the standard work on the opium traffic. There is 
little doubt that its judicial statement of incontrovertible facts helped to 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 71 

hasten the end of the opium trade with China, which event took place 
in 1913. He was an omnivorous reader, no mean artist in water-colors, 
and was devoted to the open air and out of door life. Only one quotation 
can be given. " I am driven to the conclusion that one cannot beat the 
devil with his own weapons, or bring about good by visiting any soul 
with evil," p. 132. 

Proceedings and Addresses of the International Conference of Men 
Friends, Richmond, Indiana, October 20-22, 1915. Nicholson Printing and 
Mfg. Co., Richmond, Ind. 9x6 in. 160 pp. $1.00. 

This is a stenographic report, with some papers which were read. It 
was a representative gathering of American Friends, with but two visitors 
from England so far as appears. It could hardly, therefore, be called 
" international " though it was intended to be. The great function of 
such gatherings is to stimulate to greater earnestness and activity, and, 
doubtless, such was the effect of this conference. Two of the speakers 
were not Friends. 

Archaeology and the Bible. By George A. Barton, Ph.D., LL.D. 
Professor of Biblical Literature and Semitic Languages in Bryn Mawr 
College; sometime Director of the American School of Oriental Re- 
search in Jerusalem. . . . Philadelphia, American Sunday School Union, 
1916. 8V2X6 in. Pp. xiv, 461; 114 pp. of Plates. $2.00 net. "Green Fund 
Book, No. 17." 

This is a weighty book, avoirdupois, not in contents. It may be said 
at once that it is a great credit to American scholarship and an honor 
to the denomination to which the author belongs. It consists of three 
parts: i. "The Bible Lands, Their Exploration, and the Resultant Light 
on the Bible and History," 230 pages ; 2. " Translations of Ancient 
Documents which Confirm or Illuminate the Bible," 213 pages; 3. Plates, 
114 pages. The book is also furnished with an analytical Table of Con- 
tents, a full Index, and an Index of Scripture Passages. There are, 
therefore, ample facilities for quick consultation. Indeed no pains seem 
to have been spared to make the book a useful tool for Biblical students 
and readers. In the Introduction, pp. 13, 14, the author gives some sug- 
gestive hints as to the way in which the book can be used to the best 
advantage. 

The author wisely states exactly in what sense the word " Archae- 
ology " is used, taking the definition given in the Century Dictionary. 
The volume sheds a flood of light on the Bible, and thereby many state- 
ments which have been obscure are made clear. The wealth of pictorial 
illustration is also of great assistance. The volume is non-controversial 
and non-doctrinal. The attitude of the author is shown by such pas- 
sages as these, " Not the least service that archaeology' has rendered 



72 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

has been the presentation of a new background against which the in- 
spiration of the Biblical writers stands out in striking vividness. . . . 
Babylonians and Egyptians pour out their hearts in psalms with some- 
thing of the same fervor and pathos as the Hebrews, but no such vital 
conception of God and his oneness gives shape to their faith and brings 
the longed-for strength to the spirit. . . . Archaeology thus reinforces 
to the modern man with unmistakable emphasis the ancient words, " Men 
spake from God, being moved by the Holy Spirit," (Preface pp. iv, v.). 

It is enough to say that nowhere else can be found, in so small a 
compass, or as clearly and reverently stated and illustrated, the results 
of modern exploration and scholarship as affecting the Bible. The fact 
that the book is one of the " Green Fund Books " has enabled the cost 
to be placed at a figure within the reach of all. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



7Z 



NOTES AND QUERIES 



The Warder School at Am- 
sterdam. — Under the heading, " A 
Conscientious Quaker " a brief ac- 
count of the Warder School, a 
history of which appeared in the 
last number of The Bulletin, is 
given in Littell's Living Age, 
1872, vol. 112, page 116. The ac- 
count, though not quite accurate 
in details, is very appreciative. 
Credit for the article is given to 
" Leisure Hours," an English 
periodical. 

"Quaker Strongholds."— A 
translation into Esperanto, the 
artificial or manufactured 
language which its promoters hope 
will gain universal usage, has 
been made of Caroline E. 
Stephen's well-known essay, 
" Quaker Strongholds." The title 
page reads : — Caroline Stephen. 
Fundamentoj de la Kvakerismo 
— Esperantigita de Montagu C. 
Butler, el la kvara eldono de la 
Angla originalo. Por la Tradu- 
kinto Eldonis The British Esper- 
anto Association (Incorporated). 
London. 17 Hart Street, W. C, 
1916. 12 mo. pp. xviii, 153, Price 
is.Qd. Prezo: Sm. 0.875. 

Thornton's Almanac. — There 
lies before me " An Almanack for 
the year of our Lord, 1790, by 
Elisha Thornton, of Smithfield 

.... Newport [Rhode Island.] 
Printed by Peter Edes, and sold 
wholesale and retail at his of- 



fice in Thames Street." 7x4 in. 
28 pp. 

This almanac is in Friendly 
style. Can any one give informa- 
tion as to how many issues ap- 
peared? Elisha Thornton was a 
schoolmaster and an influential 
Friend of New England Yearly 
Meeting. The book is not noticed 
by Joseph Smith. 

A letter of JOHN G. WHITTIER, 
1869. 

Amesbury 8 Mo. 1869. 
My dear Friend : — 

I was very glad to receive thy 
letter, and for the opportunity of 
reciprocating its kind remem- 
brance of our brief acquaintance. 

The pressure of many cares 
and duties, illness, and, I may also 
confess, a deep sense of my own 
deficiencies as contrasted not 
alone with the perfect purity of 
the Great Exemplar, but with 
such a devoted follower of Him 
as John Woolman, have deterred 
me from the task to which thy 
letter invites. 

Yet it is often on my mind, and 
if my life is spared awhile longer 
I may do something of the kind. 
I have now before me an unpub- 
lished work upon John Woolman 
by Dora Greenwell of England, 
author of the " Patience of 
Hope," which I may yet find a 
publisher for. 

For myself I cannot follow the 
" new lights " of our day. What- 



74 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



ever my shortcomings may be, I 
believe in the distinctive doctrine 
of Quakerism — the indwelling 
Spirit — the Christ within — the 
simple faith of such men as Wool- 
man and other old worthies ; un- 
illumined by that the letter is in- 
deed dead and dark. 

I am very truly thy friend 
John G. Whittier 

Postmarked, Amesbury, Mass. 
Aug. 17. To Charles Yarnall, of 
Philadelphia. 



Letter of John Archdale, 1698/9. 

A Letter to the Speaker of the 
House of Commons, 1698/9. 

BY John Archdale. 

Sir : Upon the call of the House 
It will appear that I am Chosen 
& Returned to serve in parliam* 
for ye Burrough of Chipping 
Wycombe in ye County of Bucks. 
And Therefore I request of thee 
to acquaint the Hon^i« House of 
Commons the reason I have not 
as yet appeared to execute that 
Trust reposed in me, which is 
That I was under an apprehention 
when I was Elected that my 
Declaration &c, might in this Case 
as in others where the Law re- 
quires an Oath [not?] be accepted. 
I am therefore ready to Execute 
my Trust If the House thinks fitt 
to admit of me thereupon, which 
I doo humbly Submitt to their 
Wisdom & Justice, And shall 
acquiess with what they will 



be pleased to determine therein. 
This being all at pr'sent, I remain 
thy reall & oblidged 
Friend 

John Archdale 

Q 

London Jan 9th 169— 
9 

[Copied from the original by 
W°i Allen, 9.26,1874]. 

British Relief Sent to 
American Friends, 1789. — It may 
be worth while drawing attention 
to a list of recipients of relief 
sent from England to Philadel- 
phia, 1789 etc., which is in manu- 
script in volume i of " Letters to 
and from Philadelphia." Manu- 
script in the Reference Library at 
Devonshire House, London. 

The sheet is headed " An Ac- 
count of Money disposed of by 
the Committee of the Meeting for 
SuflFerings in Philadelphia out of 
the benevolent donation of 
Friends in England — 5 month 2, 
1789 to . 

Here is a specimen entry : " To 
R. P. whose home at Mount 
Holly in New Jersey was broke 
open by some soldiers of the 
British Army and plundered of 
nearly all the portable property, 
working tools and finished wares, 
with a considerable stock of pro- 
visions, the feather bed being 
ripped up and the feathers thrown 
away: he also lost five valuable 
indented [indentured] servants. 
Said R. with his wife and eight 
children were left with scarcely 
anything but the clothes they had 
on, and obliged to flee and shelter 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



75 



themselves in the neighboring 
country, which with the loss of 
other property and subsequent in- 
conveniences has reduced them to 
very necessitous circumstances. 
£50." 

Total amount on one sheet 

£1079.10.0, and on another sheet 

£1573.15-0. Total entries 70. 

Amounts vary from £10. to £100. 

Norman Penney. 

Changes in the Discipline of 
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 
1916.— At the Philadelphia Yearly 
Meeting in Third month, 1916, 
changes in the Discipline were 
made regarding the " Rights of 
Children," " Overseers," " Mar- 
riage Rules," and " Queries." The 
last two were important. The 
new " Marriage Rules " allow 
marriage between a member and 
non-member, and between non- 
members, provided the steps re- 
quired of members are observed. 
All marriages must be in accord- 
ance with State laws. The Third 
Query heretofore in use was can- 
celled, and the following substi- 
tuted : " Do you uphold and 
cherish a waiting, spiritual wor- 
ship, and a free Gospel Ministry 
dependent upon the Head of the 
Church, and exercised in the fresh 
life and power of the Holy 
Spirit?" 

New York Indians in 1795. — 
A Friend has given to Friends' 
Historical Society a manuscript 
entitled " Some Account of a Visit 
to the Indians Situated on the 
Frontiers of the State of New 



York, by George Embree, John 
Murray, Jnr., and Thomas Eddy, 
under an appointment from the 
Meeting of Sufferings, and the 
Committee of the Yearly Meeting 
of New York on Indian Affairs, 
I795-" The manuscript consists 
of sixty-two beautifully written 
quarto pages, bound in boards. 
It consists chiefly of addresses to, 
and by the Indians, and throws 
much light on the condition of 
those tribes and remnants of 
tribes. 

Old Letters. — The " Pennsyl- 
vania Magazine for History and 
Biography " for July, 1916, con- 
tains three interesting letters : One 
from Thomas Callowhill to his 
daughter Hannah (Callowhill) 
Penn, wife of William Penn, dated 
4 day of the 9 mo. [November] 
1701. It refers to the possible 
" sudden return " of William 
Penn and his family to England. 

The two other letters are from 
John Nicholls to Phineas Pember- 
ton ; one dated " ye 3^^ of ye i^* 
mo. 1688-9" [March] describes 
the effect of the landing of 
William of Orange at Torbay, 
1688, and the possible course of 
the new government. The new 
Parliament " will rather Repeal 
then make Laws for persicution." 
The other letter relates to the 
payment and collection of bills 
and bonds. Pp. 37S-377. 

" Snowbound." — " Snowbound " 
was the greatest of the " new 
books " of fifty years ago. It is 
admittedly the most artistic, most 



76 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



sustained, most important of 
Whittier's work, but is it not even 
more? Is there not wrapped in 
its lines enough to write 1866 
high in American literary history? 
Two of our critics who speak 
with large authority would seem 
to be of such opinion — Edmund 
Clarence Steadman and George 
Edward Woodberry, the latter re- 
marking that it takes rank with 
" The Cotter's Saturday Night " 
and "The Deserted Village:" 

It is the New England home, 
entire, with its characteristic 
scene, its incidents of household 
life, its Christian virtues. Per- 
haps many of us look back to it 
as Horace did to the Sabine farm ; 
but there are more who can still 
remember it as a reality, and to 
them this winter idyl is the poetry 
of their own lives. It is, in a 
peculiar sense, the one poem of 
New England ... so completely 
indigenous that the soil has fairly 
created it, so genuine as to be 
better than history. It is by 
virtue of this poem that Whittier 
must be most highly rated, be- 



cause he is here most impersonal, 

and has succeeded in expressing ' 

the common life with most direct- ; 

Warwick James Price. > 

N. Y. Evening Post, September i 

30, 1916. I 



History of the Shawnee 
Indians. — In the Journal of David 
E. Knowles, concluded in this 
number of The Bulletin, men- 
tion is made of Henry Harvey, 
" Superintendent of Friends' 
Establishment in the Shawnee 
Nation " (see page 48 ante). This 
Friend after a number of years 
in the position referred to pub- 
lished a " History of the Shawnee 
Indians from the year 1681 to 
1854 Inclusive" (Cincinnati, 
Ephraim Morgan & Sons, 1855). 
This volume of 316 pages, though 
rather discursive, is an honest 
and praiseworthy effort to state 
the truth by one who was familiar 
with his subject from the side of 
the Indian. It is a valuable work, 
but is seldom to be met with. 




^F}l!b\D£LP^VJ6;i4^ 

- ^ -iUli;TilOU'14iiy\P£L?Hl;V'Jil£yJIlCJii:aT^- 
iMr(JfmHM1f£'MJ£DB£f[)ll£TilO[jyMI 

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WO(JLPMU^£i\flPI>£FiL£'fH££. TMrTIJOO 
iWVMr E£ ilEFI mM THE BVJLTIMT WOULD 
OVERWHHLiM THSE'TMI f AJ'IJJf ULTD THxi GDI; 
Of TUr iMfiKCJfiS'ijTIHH UK Of KJGHTfOUjilfuj- 
■niOUMTSSTBf FR£^f:RV£i;TO TlJf iiilk 

wr SOUL f iW:^ TO Gojj f ojrmf L-TiLvr thou 

iVIATiiST SfAilD JirJllf DAT Of TRlAL-TMi' TH f 

mmm hw bh BLfii of thl imMu Trir^ 

PEOfLL 5AVfD BT H15 P 0W£K ^ ^ ^ ^^ 



Bronze Tablet, PLAei.D 1*.\ Frilm'^' Historical Soch iv of Phila- 
delphia, Inside North Arch, City Hall, Philadelphia, 
Twelfth Month 30th, 1916. 



Volume 7, No. 3 Fifth Month (May), 1917 

Bulletin of 

Friends' Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Frontispiece, William Penn's Prayer for Philadelphia, 1694 

Three Notable Events o{ igiy - - - - - 78 

Account of Money Disposed of, out of Donations of 

English Friends, 1789-90 ----- 79 

Samuel and Mary Bowne, of Flushing, and Their Friends, I 85 

William Penn, Macaulay, and "Punch," with Illustration 91 

Macaulay and the Friends - - William Tallack 96 

George Withy's Dream ------ 97 

John Bright on the Crimean War - - - - 98 

Pennsylvania as Seen by an English Traveller, in 1765 

Lord Adam Gordon 99 

Annual Meeting of Friends' Historical Society - - 10 1 

Officers of Friends' Historical Society, 19 17-19 18 - 102 

Books of Interest to Friends - - - - - 103 

Notes and Queries - - - - - - - 108 



Note. — The editor does not hold himself responsible for any state- 
ment made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the BULLETIN should be addressed to Allen C. Thomas, 
Haverford, Pa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary-Treasurer, 
24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, $1.00 per annum. All members receive the Bulletin free. 



78 BULLETIN OF FPaENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



THREE NOTABLE EVENTS OF 1917. 

Though the Bulletin, as its full name implies, is intended 
to be devoted chiefly to records of the past, it seems altogether 
proper to record three events of 1917 which are likely to be fol- 
lowed by far-reaching results. 

The first of these is the action of the Congress of the United 
States, at the request of President Wilson, in declaring that " the 
state of war . . . which has thus been thrust upon the United 
States [by the German Government] is hereby formally declared." 
The resolution, passed by the Senate, Fourth month 5th, was 
passed by the House of Representatives the next day (6th), and 
signed on the afternoon of the same day by President Wilson, thus 
officially beginning the war with Germany Fourth month 6th, 
1917. It is not fitting, under present circumstances, to say more 
than to record this momentous action, and to express the earnest 
desire, which will be shared in by every member of the Friends' 
Historical Society, that the conflict may be brief, with a minimum 
of loss of life and of suffering.^ 

The second event is the great revolution in Russia, Third 
month nth to 15th, 1917, overthrowing the autocratic govern- 
ment of the Tsar, giving freedom of speech, freedom of religion, 
freedom from racial restrictions, and promising some kind of 
representative government to Russia ; also practical autonomy to 
Finland and Poland. It is too soon yet to speak decidedly of the 
full success of the promised reforms, but there seems no reason 
to doubt the overthrow of autocratic rule in Russia for the future. 
This revolution is the severest blow autocratic rule has received 



1 It seems strange that war should have been declared by the United 
States on " Good Friday," the day set apart by the majority of Christians 
to commemorate the self-sacrifice for the sake of mankind by the Founder 
of Christianity. All the great nations the world over are now at war. In 
Europe, only Spain, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Switzerland are neu- 
tral, scarcely at peace. In Asia, China alone is nominally at peace ; in the 
western world only the Central American States and South America still 
hold aloof, though Brazil seems to be on the verge of war. And this in 
the twentieth century of the Christian era! 



DONATIONS OF ENGLISH FRIENDS, 1789-90. 



79 



for a century, and would seem to be the beginning of the end of 
such rule in the world. Already the German Emperor promises 
great reforms " after the war." 

The third event, not so momentous, not so far-reaching, or 
so spectacular as the others, is the advent of a woman on the floor 
of the National House of Representatives at Washington. The 
act of the people of Montana in choosing Jeannette Rankin to be 
one of their Representatives is a logical result of extending the 
suffrage to women. The experiment will be watched with deep 
interest, but with the rapid increase in granting the suffrage to 
women in the United States, and the conversion of the leaders of 
both parties in Great Britain to woman suffrage, it is likely that 
in another Congress several women will be found. Certainly the 
beginning of a movement fraught with great possibilities for good 
deserves mention. 



1^20 



DONATIONS OF ENGLISH FRIENDS, 1789-90. 

An Account of money disposed of by the Committee of the 
Meeting for Sufferings in Philadelphia, out of the benevolent 
donation of Friends in England, so far as the same has yet been 
distributed. From 5*^ mo 2*^ 1789 to 11 mo 18**^ 1790. 

Given to L. R. who hath been reduced to straitened 
circumstances in the course of the late troubles. 

To B. M. of Abington in Pennsylvania who suf- 
fered much loss & damage by the two contending 
armies in the time of the late commotion & is now 
reduc'd to straitned circumstances 

To J. L. of Abington who sustain'd great loss & 
damage by the British & American Armies & Militia; 
the chief part of his Stock, Grain & Houshold goods 
being taken from him in the course of two or three 
months, himself & one Son imprisoned several weeks. 
& frequent seizures made of his property for Militia 
fines where by he is reduced to straitned circumstances 
& is also advanc'd in years 



50 



8o 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



To J. C. of Abington, a young man who had just 
been married when he was plundered of nearly all his 
property by the contending Armies, & left in a very 
distressed situation 



>■ 30 



To the Widow & Children of M. R- 



In the 



time of the late troubles, this family who lived at a 
frontier settlement in Pennsylv*. was broken up, 
nearly the whole of their moveable property taken 
away, and the Master of the family unjustly imprisoned I 
a long time; the Wife and Children were obliged to 
remove into an interior settlement where they were 
supported by their friends. M. being since deceas'd 
the Widow and Children became objects of benevolent 



50 



To J. H. who with his family in the year 1779 was 
driven by the Indians from their habitation in North- 
ampton County Pennsylv*^. by which means he lost 
most of his moveable property and could not for sev- 
eral years with safety return to his place of abode; 
being much reduced in his circumstances. 



y 37 10 



To S. P. & family of Northampton County alike 
circumstanced as the above case ; having six small chil- 
dren when driven by the Indians from their habitation, 
whereby they were much reduced, and remain in a dis- 
tressd condition for want of the necessaries of life. 



r 37 10 



To W. P. late of York County Pennsylv^ who sus- 
tained heavy losses in the time of the War & is reduc'd 
to a low indigent state 



15 



To B. C. of who was reduced to 

straitened circumstances by means of the late War. 



50 



DONATIONS OF ENGLISH FRIENDS, 1789-90. 



81 



To R. P. whose house at Mountholly in New Jer- 
sey was broke open by some Soldiers of the British 
Army, and plundered of nearly all the portable prop- 
erty, working tools, & finish'd Wares, with a consid- 
erable stock of provisions, the feather beds being ripp'd 
up & the feathers thrown away; he also lost five 
valuable Indented servants, said R. with his wife and 
eight children were left with scarcely anything but the 
clothes they had on, and obliged to flee & shelter them- 
selves in the neighbouring country ; which with the 
loss of other property and subsequent inconveniences 
has reduced them to very neccessitous circumstances. 



> 50 



To In the year 1778 when the"" 

British Army was in Philad^. his Shop was broke open 
and robbed of a variety of valuable goods, being his 
principal dependance for supporting his family. A 
concern he held with his Brother in a Store in New 
Jersey was closed by receiving his share thereof in the 
old paper Currency formerly passing in these Govern- 
ments but now of no value, of which he has on hand 
many hundred pounds. Being thus stripp'd of his 
property, added to the heavy loss sustained by the said 
currency he has for many years struggled under great 
difficulties & continues to be much pinched in his cir- 
cumstances. 



To T. P. of Berks County Pennsylv''. who was 
greatly stripp'd and impoverish'd thro' the ravages & 
spoiling of Goods arising from demands occasioned by 
the War & confusions ; and having a Wife & eleven 
children it was with much difficulty he could raise sus- 
tenance for them, or procure bed-clothes to cover them 
in the cold Winter season. 



Uo 



82 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



To J. E. of New Jersey who has a Wife & eleven ' 
children seven of which are small. In the course of 
the late War he was for several years frequently much 
stripp'd of his property by the contending Armies & 
Militia. When his cattle were all taken from him, he 
borrowed money & purchased more, which were also 
soon taken away. He is an industrious valuable 
friend, but by many losses & pillages is reduced to very 
difficult & straitened circumstances. 



75 



To Almost the whole of whose 

property amounting to several hundred pounds, was 
lost thro' the confusions & troubles which took place 
in the time of the late War; w"^ circumstance has so 
reduced the means she relied on for subsistence as to 
render her case difficult & pinching. 



To H. W. of New Jersey who sustained such dam- 
age in his property during the late War, as to be ren- 
derd scarcely capable of affording to his valuable Wife 
and numerous offspring a comfortable subsistence 



To The late troubles & commotions 

having tended to deprive him of that support which he 
had before relied on for the maintenance of his family, 
he is reduced to necessitous & pinching circumstances 



> lOO 



To T. M. who sustained losses of his property by 
the contending Armies and persons engaged in pro- 
moting the War, to a very considerable amount ; and 
from easy circumstances became reduced to a state of 
indigence 



> 50 



DONATIONS OF ENGLISH FRIENDS, 1789-90. 



83 



To A. S. widow of Shrewsbury New Jersey, about >| 
76 years of Age. Her Sons having joined the British 
army after the death of their father, occasioned heavy 
losses to their mother the principal part of her stock, 
Cattle & provisions being taken from her ; & lastly her y 30 
plantation confiscated & sold ; so that from a state of 
afHuence she was reduced to one truly necessitous with 
a poor unhappy Daughter unable to support herself 
for want of common understanding-. 



To A. E. of Shrewsbury, widow ; whose late hus- 
band, (not in unity with friends) in the early part of the 
late war, went over to the British Army in New York, 
and being afterwards taken near his own house, was 
executed as a spy, tho' he was thought by many to be 
innocent of what was laid to his charge. The Widow 
was left with two Children quite destitute and has since 
been assisted by her Relations in the support of herself 
& family 



y 15 



To E. F. of Shrewsbury who was grievously stript 
during the war, the whole of his Stock taken away, & 
he so reduced as to stand in real need of assistance. 
Friends of Shrewsbury in their acco*^ of his sufferings, 
add, " He is a friend in good esteem, & we believe has 
been a faithful testimony bearer in his many trials 



15 



To R. L. of Shrewsbury who suffered much during 
the War by fines & by a set of People who took from 
him without colour of Law under pretence of retalia- 
tion ; he was also pillaged by another Banditti called 
Wood-Robbers. He being in distressed circum- 
stances and in want of assistance to procure the neces- 
saries of life; Friends of Shrewsbury afforded him 
some relief, yet his present difficulties are such as re- 
quire further aid. 



> 25 



84 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



To T. B. of Lancaster County Pennsylv^. a well 
approved minister, hath a Wife & several Children, but 
in low circumstances, having been a considerable suf- 
ferer by means of the War. 

To Y. L. of Chester County Penns*. who was so re- 
duced by means of the war, as to have neither horse 
nor cow left, & not able to buy, which still remains to 
be the case, that was it not for the kindness of sym- 
pathizing friends, himself & family would have suffered 
for want several years past and yet they are often 
closely tried being unwilling to apply to some friends 
who have already done much for them This friend 
has some bodily infirmities which renders him unable 
to labour much & his Wife has many years been so 
much afflicted with pain, that it's very difficult for her 
to help herself yet strives hard to do what she can with 
her needle and otherways, altho' unfit for business 
Some of their children are young, and others so cir- 
cumstanced that they cannot render much assistance to 
their parents. 

To T. D. of Northampton County Penns*. who is 
ancient & very low in the world, having sustained 
much loss of his property by the ravages & depreda- 
tions of the American Army. 

To L. J. an ancient Widow at Abington in Penns* 
who suffered much in her property by the ravages of 
the British Army when in that neighbourhood and for 
many years has had a heavy charge with a Daughter 
who is deprived of her reason, & requires much of her 
care & attention. 



[Endorsed — £1079 10 

Abstract from the Acco : of the distribution of the Charitable 
Donation of Friends in Grt. Britain 

Philad. II mo.: 30^^^ 1790 ] 

[Note. — This account has been kindly furnished by Norman Penney, 
of London. — Editor.] 



SAMUEL AND MARY BOWNE, OF FLUSHING. 



SAMUEL AND MARY BOWNE, OF FLUSHNG, AND 
THEIR FRIENDS.^ 

"Samuel Bowne (1667-1745), the sixth child [and second 
son] of John and Hannah (Pheakes) Bowne, of Flushing, New 
York, was born in 1667. Of his early life we know nothing but 
what may be inferred from the character of his parents. He be- 
came a minister in the religious Society of Friends, and travelled 
as companion to Thomas Chalkley, Samuel Bownas ^ and others in 
the service of Truth." 

Samuel Bowne married Mary Becket on 4th of 8th month, 
1691, being then in his twenty-fourth year. Mary Becket is de- 
scribed as an English Lady who, it is claimed, crossed the Atlan- 
tic in 1682 in company with William Penn.' This tradition can- 
not be verified and how and when she came to Pennsylvania must 
be left at present unsolved. 

" She was the daughter of Elinor Percy, of whom family 
tradition relates that she became from causes which are not men- 
tioned, a ward in Chancery, and that while so situated, she was 
addressed by a [Captain] Becket, who persuaded her to contract 
a runaway marriage. In consequence of this act, which by law 
subjected Becket to severe penalties, he is said to have been 
obliged to fly the realm, and to have perished in one of the Con- 
tinental wars." Such is the statement which the old people re- 

'A sketch of John Bowne, of Flushing (1627-1673), written by the 
late Charles Yarnall, of Philadelphia, was published in the Bulletin, Vol. 
II, pp. 44-67. The present paper is compiled and written from letters and 
notes left by the same Friend, and from other sources. 

2 " The next day we had a meeting at Oyster Bay. . . . Next day, 
Samuel Bowne being with us, we went to visit a young woman that was 
weak in body, but lay in a comfortable frame of mind." " Journal of 
Thomas Chalkley," London, 1818, p. 231. See also " Life, Travels, etc., 
of Samuel Bownas," 2d ed., London, 1761, pp. (yj, 95, 108, 141. 

3 Her name does not appear in the list of passengers as given in H. M. 
Jenkins' "History of Philadelphia" (Philadelphia, i8q5, pp. 78-80) ; nor is 
it found in Thompson Westcott's list " History of Philadelphia," Sunday 
Dispatch). The researches of these and other careful students have de- 
stroyed a number of traditions. 



rS BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

ported of the father of Mary Becket. Her mother seems to have 
become a Friend and subsequently married a Haydock, under 
which name we find her addressing- her daughter. " However 
doubtful some parts of this account may be, that Mary Becket had 
some pretensions to rank and that there was some unusual circum- 
stance connected with her birth and parentage is pretty certain. 
She seems to have possessed higher qualities, and to have greatly 
endeared herself to her friends." 

It appears that her residence in this country had been with 
Phineas Pemberton * at the Falls of the Delaware in Bucks 
County, Pennsylvania. 

The following letter was written in the year and probably soon 
after the date of the marriage of Samuel and Mary Bowne : 



Phineas and Phebe Pemberton to Mary Bowne. 

2ist day of ( ?) mo. 1691 
Dear Mary 

That parental love and care which we have had hitherto for 
thee has taken such deep root and impression upon our minds 
that we cannot forget thee — but much the contrary, very often 
have thee in dear remembrance and therefore speak often together 
concerning thee, as we have been even at this time before the 
writing hereof. Sometimes we have presentations of an expec- 
tation of seeing thee, in or about the house, about thy accustomed 
business ; and often to meet thee in thy usual walks in the garden, 
or the grove or on the river's bank. But when duly considered 
it is not so! being only a presentation of what in the mind is 
desired, as accustomed, and as yet not weaned from, but by de- 
grees may. Sometimes we call thee! — but thou art too far re- 
moved to give answer. Thy morning salutations, and constant 
inquiry of our welfare, ceases. Thy wonted care for our rest and 
repose fails. The evening farewells are now cut oflf, and the 

* The common ancestor of the Pembertons of Pennsylvania. He and 
his family came over in the ship Submission, 1682. 



SAMUEL AND MARY BOWNE, OF FLUSHING. 87 

benefit we have had in enjoying each other and congratulating on 
enjoying together is now taken away, so that the house and those 
therein, for the present are in soHtariness, or loneliness in want 
of thee, sometimes a condoling or grieving together. But in this 
we are satisfied that we believe thy removal was for thy good. 
The Lord so disposed it, who is the wise disposer of all things, 
we acknowledge at his hand ; and as we stand in faithfulness be- 
fore him all things will be ordered for our good ; and we therein 
though far remote from any [personal intercourse] shall enjoy 
[each other's] nearness and dearness as heretofore we have done, 
though not in that full manner. We can truly say we dearly love 
thee, our love being to thee as a child, thy love to us having been 
very engaging and thy deportment very submissive. Wherefore 
we are and believe we shall have no other cause but still to con- 
tinue to be, very earnestly concerned for thy good every way. 
Let us sometimes hear from thee. Here are a few lines enclosed 
to thee from Abigail, they are of her own writing and inditing, 
therefore acept them so." 

Dear Mary ! we know thou art sensible of the reality of our 
love, as we are of thine beyond what can be charactered forth, but 
as a farewell after thy departure that thou mayst know how things 
stand with us by reason thereof, have we written these lines and 
therefore bid thee farewell — farewell who are thy friends in en- 
deared love 

Phineas 1 T-, 

.^ V Pemberton. 

Phebe 1 



6 Abigail Pemberton, daughter of Phineas and Phebe Pemberton. She 
was one of the " infant children " on the voyage in 1682, and so was prob- 
ably not over twelve in i6gi. She married Stephen Jenkins in 1704. They 
settled in Abington Township, and their descendants founded the village 
of Jenkintown. 



88 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

That this affection was reciprocated to the full is shown by 
the following letter : 

Mary Bowne to Phineas Pemberton. 
(From the Original.) 

[Flushing] The i6th of ye [12 ?] mo 1691 
Deare and well-beloved freinds Phineas and Pheby Pemberton. 

The salutation of indeared [love] is unto you and all your 
deare children, and deare ffriends. Gorg [ ?] being here this day 
tould mee hee intended to go youre way a day or two hence, there- 
fore I was not willing to let slip any opertunity whereby I might 
let you here of our wellfare the which I know you will be glad to 
here of as also it would be with comfort and refreshment to us to 
here often from you our deare freinds and also from others among 
you, as our deare freind Henry Baker and Thomas Jany [Janney] 
William Yardley and others to whom my love is with there 
famalys to William Biles and Jean [his wife], to Edther Cook 
and wife and John [Cook] and wife and to others that inquire of 
us. Wee are at present pritty well and I have for the most part 
been prity well, so hoping you are in the same with all your deare 
little ones whom I truly love and often think of with much ten- 
derness, yea, you are very deare and near to mee deare freinds. 

Please to let mee heare from you, I beg it from you. So I 
must rest with my and my deare, deare love to you our deare 
freinds once more who am youre [ ?] dutyful freind in that which 
is lasting. 

Mary Bowne. 

ffather in law ® desires to have his deare love to you all and 
intends to see you before it be long. My very deare love to Abe- 
gal. 

This warm affection and close friendship between the Pem- 
bertons and Samuel and Mary Bowne was maintained for years. 
There is in the possession of the writer a collection of intimate 

' John Bowne, of Flushing. It would appear from other letters that 
the young couple made their home with him. 



SAMUEL AND MARY BOWNE, OF FLUSHING. 89 

letters covering the period 1691-1698 all of them showing the 
closest intimacy. " Let mee heer from you as often as you can, 

I beg it from you, but I shall come see you as soon as I can for I 
know I can not stay Long from you," says Mary Bowne (6th of 

II mo. 1691). On " Ye 30th day of 9 mo. 1692," Samuel Bowne 
writes from New York to excuse his " hast in parting " from 
Phineas Pemberton, whom he seems to have met somewhere, " in 
order to goe homeward because of my deare Wife for it [was] 
leate and ye evening was like to be cold." Another letter dated 
" Flushing ye 15 day — 12 mo. 169I," is addressed to " Phineas & 
Phebe " : " Dear and honourably esteemed friends to you is the 
salutation of our unfeigned Love though we remain far distent 
from you as outwardly, yet our harts are truly united unto you, 
and we often speake together concerning you & the great com- 
fort it would administer to us if our residence was where we 
might enjoy your company often. Dear friends I shall return to 
give you a small account of A pleasent companion in whose com- 
pany we now enjoy, On ye 29th day of 11 month my dear wife 
was delivered of a son, it being ye first day of the week. . . . Wee 
call his name Samuell. . . . Our very dear love to you and yours, 
fourther wee very kindly intreet of you yt your fatherly and 
Motherly care over us may still continue as hitherto it hath beene 
wh. indeed hath been as unto Children of your own . . . soe we 
bid you dearly farewell, all at present from your friends 

Samuel & Mery Bowne. 



A few weeks later in a very affectionate letter, Mary Bowne 
writes concerning her child that she is " constraned to bring it up 
by hand ; its prity quiat anights and has been all along." From 
another letter it would seem they had sought for a foster mother, 
for Samuel Bowne writes, " Wee can not as yet here of a negrow 
wentsch to be sold yt is likely." 

Samuel and Mary Bowne were contemplating changing their 
place of residence, and the following letter refers to this possibil- 
ity, as well as showing the closeness of the tie existing between the 
families : 



90 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Mary Bowne to Phineas and Phebe Pemberton. 
(From the Original.) 

Flushing 27*^ of the 4*'' mo [16] 93 
Honored 

freinds P. P. Pemberton my deare Love saluuts you and 
yours, by these you may know that wee have Receved your letter 
of information and advice concerning that land at Darby and our 
coming there to settle, whereupon wee have took it into Consid- 
eration, and my husband intends to com within this two or three 
weeks at the Lest. I do not know but I shall com along with him 
to see you if I see that I can conveniantly Leve my bisinis the 
which I am prity much out of the way of at present and do not 
know when I shall be otherwise, soe that I think it will bee better 
for mee to come then not, tho our stay bee never so short, not that 
I am any way dissatisfied consarning Removing or Leving this 
place but much the contrary am Rather willing to in order to per- 
suade [ ?] and promot the thing as far as I can whereupon my 
deare husband seems to incline more than ever. My deare freinds 
I am very glad to consider that we are Like to com nearer to you 
that wee may partake of your parantall advice and assistance, the 
which I know that nothing else will be more comfortable that I 
can think of, then the injoyment of that along with your com- 
pany, tho I would Rather that it were nearer to you than we are 
Like to bee, that wee might in joy youre company more frequently 
for that I prize very much, you know it my deare freinds I think 
I have bee[n] Long anof [enough] in bondage and am glad to 
here of good hope of a Redemption out of it that is som comfort 
to mee. my deare freinds I shall not wait Long But I intend to 
com over along with my husband, for I have staid allmost as long 
as I can from thee deare Pheby, its now about a year since I saw 
thy face, the Lenth of which time maks my heart sad but I think 
to com and cheer it up agane. my deare freinds my little child 
grose well. . . . John Adames [ ?] is the Bearer hereof and hee 
alsoe thinks its best to com and see the place before a Conclusion. 
Soe I must take leve and bid farewell for a little while. I am 
your Child M. Bowne. 



WILLIAM PENN, MACAULAY, AND " PUNCH." 91 

My deare Love to all yours, to deare Abegale farewell at 
present M B. 

My father Bowne was maryed yesterday to his yong Bride.^ 

This marriage was evidently a great trial to Samuel and Mary 
Bowne, as will appear from their letters, which, however, must be 
left to another number. 

Allen C. Thomas. 



WILLIAM PENN, MACAULAY, AND " PUNCH." 

In Macaulay's Diary under date of February 5, 1859, the fol- 
lowing passage occurs : 

" Then the Quakers, five in number. Never was there 
such a rout. They had absolutely nothing to say. Every 
charge against Penn came out as clear as any case at the Old 
Bailey. They had nothing to urge but what was true enough; 
that he looked worse in my ' History ' than he would have looked 
on a general survey of his whole life. But that is not my fault. 
I wrote the history of four years during which he was exposed to 
great temptations ; during which he was the favorite of a bad 
king, and an active solicitor in a most corrupt court. His charac- 
ter was injured by his associations. Ten years before, or ten 
years later, he would have made a much better figure. But was 
I to begin my book ten years earlier or ten years later for William 
Penn's sake? The Quakers were extremely civil. So was I. 
They complimented me on my courtesy and candor." Trevelyan's 
Life of Macaulay (American edition), Vol. 2, p. 220. 

Soon after the interview thus described, there appeared in 
Punch,^ the London comic weekly, a caricature, by John Leech, of 
the scene. (See reproduction.) The drawing is very cleverly 
done and deserves close inspection. After the fashion of some of 



7 This "yong Bride," his third wife, was Mary Cock. John Bowne 
died two years after the marriage. lotli Month [Decemherl 20th, 1605, 
being about sixty-eight years of age. 

1 Punch, February 17, 1840, Vol. 16, p. 72. 



92 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

the old masters, Leech combines three scenes in the same picture ; 
first, the Friends composing the committee on their way to visit 
the historian ; second, the interview itself ; third, the return home 
of the committee. 

The Friends are represented as driving to the residence of 
Macaulay in a " four-wheeler " cab. The faces of the men are 
smiling and confident, and a little dog runs joyously beside the 
vehicle. In the central division of the cut, Macaulay, with a de- 
termined countenance, is represented in his library, vanquishing 
his foes with a quill. The attitudes of the Friends, which are any- 
thing but dignified, indicate a complete rout. In the third divi- 
sion, the Friends are shown as driving ofi with despondent faces 
and attitudes, while the little dog is the picture of canine despond- 
ency. Leech has six or seven Friends, but Macaulay is right in 
saying five. 

Leech's caricature is followed by twelve doggerel stanzas 
summing up the historian's charges and describing the " rout," 
and the return home. The following are specimens : 



" Macaulay wrote a book. 

In which if once you look, 
You're fast as with a hook, for volumes two, two, two; 

And this book shows William Penn 

Behaving now and then 
Like something 'twixt a donkey, and a ' do,' ' do,' ' do.' 



" So the Friends, extremely wroth 
At this stain upon their cloth — 

For Macaulay pledged his troth to the fact, fact, fact, 
They filled a Clarence cab 
With valiant men in drab. 

And off to the Albany packed, packed, packed. 



" Then their batteries they let fly. 

But Macaulay in reply. 
At their heads he did shy such a hail, hail, hail ; 

From memory and from note. 

Of reading and of rote, 
There was naught he did not quote, fresh or stale, stale, stale. 



WILLIAM PENN, MACAULAY, AND "PUNCH." 93 

" Not a single ' thee ' or ' thou ' 

Could they put in, I vow, 
But he countered, where and how they scarce knew, knew, knew; 

Till faint and flabbergast, 

They backed — backed — and at last 
Unquakerishly fast down stairs they flew, flew, flew ! 

" And, sad as their own drab. 

Mounted ruefully their cab. 
By the gift of the gab overborne, borne, borne ; 

And, all Piccadilly thro', 

In their faces plain to view, 
Was ' Lo ! we went for wool and came back shorn, shorn, shorn.' " 



Such is Macaulay's account and such the caricature and its 
accompanying verses. Neither is a true statement of the facts. 

The writer of the present paper is able to give an account of 
the other side — that of the Friends — from notes, taken dov^n at 
the time, of a conversation in 1885 with the last surviving member 
of the little group who visited the historian. 

First, as to the caricature. The committee did not go in a 
cab, but some of them in Samuel Gurney's elegant equipage with 
coachman and footmen in livery, while the others went in a pri- 
vate carriage almost equally fine. Macaulay was visited in his 
apartments, Carlton House Chambers. The verses are so clearly 
a caricature it is needless to dwell on them. 

The Friends who made this call were Samuel Gurney, Senior, 
the rich banker, Josiah Forster, George Stacey, John Hodgkin 
(the grandfather of Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin of our day), one of 
the ablest English lawyers of his time, and Joseph Bevan Braith- 
waite, who was the youngest of the group. All the Friends were 
prominent members of the Society. 

Macaulay was not visited for discussion or argument, but to 
ask him for his proofs and authorities. With the exception of 
some attempt to argue on the part of Josiah Forster,^ who was 
not supported by the others, there was no discussion at all. 
Macaulay gave them references, some of which were unfamiliar, 

2 This is doubtless the foundation for Macaulay's claim of a rout. 



94 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

and then the deputation left. There was no " rout " or anything 
like it. Macaulay either entirely misunderstood the object of the 
visit, or wilfully misstated the facts. Far from being " civil " he 
was extremely rude, treating the Friends with contempt. 

Immediately after this interview, William E. Forster, nephew 
of Josiah Forster, and who, in later years, became the well-known 
English statesman, went over Macaulay's authorities, carefully 
explored other sources of information, and in a short time issued 
his pamphlet in defense of Penn, shattering the evidences upon 
which Macaulay relied. 

While Penn's character has been successfully vindicated by 
Forster, Paget, Hepworth Dixon, Janney, and others, it must be 
acknowledged that Penn did lay himself open to suspicion. He 
was a poor judge of character, was faithful to his friends, and 
was also of such a kindly disposition that he always wished to 
assist the needy and unfortunate, and so was not unfrequently de- 
ceived. William Penn was never held in higher esteem than to- 
day, while Macaulay's character as a trustworthy historian is gone, 
though from the charm and clearness of his style his " History " 
has many readers, who from time to time have to be warned to 
look with suspicion upon him as an authority on many matters of 
fact, especially those where his prejudices are concerned. 

Though Macaulay professed to have routed his visitors, it is 
quite evident that he was influenced by the various defenses of 
Penn which appeared in his lifetime. This is shown by the strik- 
ing changes he silently made in the Indexes to his History in later 
editions. Most of the slighting and contemptuous epithets are 
omitted, and the tone of the references is quite different from that 
of the first edition. It is true that the text stands unaltered, but 
the changes in the Index would seem to imply that similar changes 
would have been made in the text had Macaulay lived to revise his 
works. ^ 

W. Hepworth Dixon points out a number of Macaulay's 
changes in the revised indexes ; a few examples are here given. 

* Trevelyan's note to the interview hardly gives a fair impression, for 
he says, " In my uncle's papers there can be found no trace of his ever 
having changed his mind on the merits of the question." 



WILLIAM PENN, MACAULAY, AND " PUNCH." 95 

" The first index refers to his ' scandalous Jacobitism ' ; the 
amended index drops the expression altogether. The first index 
speaks of ' his falsehood ' ; the second says only, ' held to bail ' ; 
' Penn charged with treasonable conduct ' becomes ' informed 
against by Preston ' ; in the first index ' Penn conceals himself ' ; 
in the amended index the entry is omitted. So again entries, 
' Penn escapes to France,' ' returns to England and renews his 
plots ' are omitted altogether. Again in his volume 5, though 
Penn was still before the public eye there are no sneers or charges 
brought against him. 

It certainly seems strange that Macaulay's History should 
have been recently re-issued in handsome form, finely illustrated 
(1913-1915) without notes or comments. (See Bulletin, Vol. 
VI, p. 29.) 

It should be stated that William Penn was not the only per- 
son Macaulay sinned against. Paget brings four other charges 
of unfair treatment, perhaps equally strong. They are his treat- 
ment of the Duke of Marlborough ; the Massacre of Glencoe ; 
the Highlands of Scotland ; and Viscount Dundee. The reasons 
for Macaulay's unfairness are chiefly two; first his strong 
prejudices, which made him slow, if not unable, to see any good 
in those he disliked ; second, his marvellous memory to which he 
trusted far more than any historian should. 

It will not be out of place to conclude with two recent notices 
of Macaulay's works. First, Sir Leslie Stephen, in the Diction- 
ary of National Biography, in his article on Macaulay, who 
writes, " In spite of his wide reading, he [Macaulay] has often 
constructed pictures from trifling hints, and a picture once con- 
structed, became a settled fact. Closer examination often shows a 
singular audacity in outrunning tangible evidence, when he has 
to deal with a hateful person, a James II, a Marlborough, or an 
Impey; and he is too much in love with the picturesque to lower 
his coloring to the reality." (Vol. 34, 417.) Second, Sir Adol- 
phus W. Ward, in the Cambridge History of English Literature, 
who writes, " This way [Macaulay's] of dealing with evidence is 
conspicuously misleading in his accounts of Marlborough and 
Penn, each of which, as a whole, must be set down as a grave 
hiisrepresentation, even if particular objections, such as the con- 



96 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

fusion of George Penne with William Penn, may be held not to 
be absolutely proved." (Vol. 14, 71.) * 



MACAULAY AND THE FRIENDS. 

It has often been a matter of surprise that the historian who 
was connected with Friends on his mother's side, and whose 
father, Zachary Macaulay, was so actively associated with many 
members of that Society in philanthropic efforts, should have dis- 
played in his works a bitter hostility to a body whom he was thus 
peculiarly bound to do justice to. 

But the real secret of his sneers and misrepresentations lies in 
the fact of his having been once rejected from the representation 
of Edinburgh in Parliament, mainly through the powerful influ- 
ence of some Friends there, who turned the scale against him in 
the election, because some of his political votes or sentiments were 
very contrary to their own opinions. After this he took opportu- 
nities of retaliation, by inserting in his works charges derogatory 
to the Society. 

This has long been a well-understood reason amongst 
Friends; but it is by no means so generally known that he has 
himself acknowledged that his personal feelings were the cause 
of these attacks. But I was informed by a highly respectable 
citizen of Philadelphia, Thomas Kimber, Jr., who is a member of 
the Philadelphia Board of Trade, and a managing director of one 
of the chief railways in Pennsylvania, that during a visit which he 
made to England a few years ago, he breakfasted one day with 
Macaulay, and in the course of conversation remarked, " We 
Pennsylvanians do not consider that you have done justice in your 

* The following are the most important authorities in regard to the 
defence of William Penn: W. E. Forster, William Penn and T. B. 
Macaulay, etc., London, 1849, rev. ed., Philadelphia, 1850; J. Paget, The 
New Examen, London, 1861, republished in Paradoxes and Pussies, Lon- 
don, 1874; W. Hepworth Dixon, William Penn, etc., London, 1851, re- 
written and issued as History of William Penn, Founder of Pennsylvania, 
London, 1872; S. M. Janney, Life of Willinm Penn, 2d ed., Philadelphia, 
1852. A new Life by John William Graham has just been published 
(1917), but too recently to be obtained in America. 



GEORGE WITHY'S DREAM. 97 

History to the Founder of our State." Although a sincerely at- 
tached member of the Society of Friends, Thomas Kimber does 
not adopt the " peculiarities of dress and speech," and therefore 
Macaulay did not suspect him to be one ; and, to show the author- 
ity for his allusions, took down from the shelf a volume, with a 
contemporary attack on Penn, which was quoted from a writer 
named in it. Thomas Kimber examined the book, and presently 
found in another part of it a statement, that the very writer just 
quoted was not always to be relied on for accuracy. Macaulay 
was nonplussed at this very unexpected check, and quickly 
changed the conversation, remarking : " Well, you know, if Penn 
hadn't been a Quaker, I shouldn't have said anything about these 
matters ; but he was a Quaker, and I hate the Quakers." ^ 

[ Macaulay 's defeat at Edinburgh in 1847 can hardly be so 
strongly ascribed to the influence of the Friends as William Tal- 
lack supposed. They were doubtless prominent in the opposi- 
tion, but they were relatively few in number. There were also 
allied against him great interests, such as the liquor interests and 
the opponents of church establishment. In 1852 Macaulay. with- 
out solicitation on his part, was again a candidate, and was re- 
turned at the head of the poll. — Editor.] 



GEORGE WITHY'S DREAM. 

George Withy (1763-1837) was a prominent English Friend 
of Bristol, who visited America in 1821-1822, travelling exten- 
sively, and visiting the Friends generally. He was much appre- 
ciated. The following account is taken from a sketch of his life by 
William Tanner, which came out in The Friend (London) in 1861. 
The following memorandum, written by George Withy, bears date 
" 2d of loth month, 1836." He writes : " About the midle period 
of my life (to the best of my recollection) I dreamed that I was 
in bed, and that two men entered my chamber, bearing two stools, 
which they placed in the room, and then retired. They soon re- 

» William Tallack, Friendly Sketches in America, London, 1861, pp. 
109, no. 



98 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

turned, bringing a coffin with them which they placed on the 
stools, and again retired. The coffin having a breastplate of 
brass, I got out of bed to read the inscription, which was ' George 
Withy, Bristol, aged sixty years.' The recollection of this cir- 
cumstance often seriously affected me, and more particularly when 
in America in 1822 ; for in the Seventh month of that year my six- 
tieth year commenced, and as I had then no expectation of leaving 
America for a year or two, I was very frequently beset with fear 
that I should die in a foreign land ; and considering how afflicting 
such an event would be to my endeared wife and children, I was 
often led to seek the protection of Him, without whose notice a 
sparrow falleth not to the ground. One day, as I was more 
earnestly seeking best help than at some other times, I heard an 
answer to my prayers very distinctly in this wise, ' If thou art 
faithful to what I require of thee in this land, I will add to thy 
days fifteen years.' Centering in a living sense of the Lord's 
faithfulness, my mind settled in calmness, having no more need- 
less anxiety on a subject I could not solve." 

It is a remarkable circumstance that George Withy's life was 
prolonged exactly fifteen years from the time at which the relief 
which he thus describes was granted him. The Friend (London), 
7 mo. 1st, 1861, N. S., Vol. I, p. 169. 



JOHN BRIGHT ON THE CRIMEAN WAR. 

" Twenty-two years ago, in the year 1854, as you know, I dif- 
fered from the Government of the day, and from what appeared 
to be the vast majority of the people, on the question of the war 
with Russia. I was overpowered, as you know. Numbers and 
ignorance and passion were combined against me; and I, of 
course, was outvoted, and declared to be unwise, and unpatriotic ; 
and I know not the list of unpleasant adjectives that were used in 
discussing my course and my position at that time. I do not 
know why I differed from other people so much, but sometimes 
I have thought it happened from the education I had received in 
the religious sect with which I am connected. We have no creed 
which monarchs and statesmen and high-priests have written for 



PENNSYLVANIA AS SEEN BY AN ENGLISH TRAVELLER. 99 

us. Our creeds, so far as we comprehend it, comes pure and 
direct from the New Testament. We have no 37^'' Article which 
declares that it is lawful for Christian men at the commandment 
of the civil magistrate to wear weapons or arms, and take part 
and serve in the wars ; which means, of course, and was intended 
to mean, that it is lawful for Christian men to engage in any part 
of the world, in any cause, at the command of a Monarch, or 
Prime Minister, or a Parliament, or a Commander-in-Chief, in 
the slaughter of his fellowmen, whom he might never have seen 
before, from whom he had not received the smallest injury, and 
against whom he had no reason to feel the smallest touch of anger 
or resentment." 

From a speech at Manchester in 1876. Taken from The 
Friend (London), 11 mo. i, 1876, New Series, Vol. XVI, 292. 

Note.— The paragraph referred to in the 37th Article of Religion in 
the English Prayer-Book, reads : " It is lawful for Christian men, at the 
commandment of the Magistrate, to wear weapons, and serve in the wars." 
The corresponding Article (37th) in the Book of Common Prayer of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, reads: 
" The Power of the Civil Magistrate extendeth to all men, as well Clergy 
as Laity, in all things temporal ; but hath no authority in things purely 
spiritual. And we hold it to be the duty of all men who are professors of 
the Gospel, to pay respectful obedience to the Civil Authority, regularly 
and legitimately constituted." — Editor. 



PENNSYLVANIA AS SEEN BY AN ENGLISH 
TRAVELLER IN 1765. 

The City of Philadelphia is perhaps one of the wonders of 
the World, if you consider its Size, the Number of Inhabitants, 
the regularity of its Streets, their great breadth and length, their 
cutting one another all at Right Angles, their Spacious publick 
and private buildings. Quays and Docks, the Magnificence and 
diversity of places of Worship (for here all Religions who pro- 
fess the Name of Christ, are tolerated equally) the plenty of pro- 
visions brought to Market, and the Industry of all its Inhabitants, 
one will not hesitate to Call it the first town in America, but one 
that bids fair to rival any in Europe. It is not an hundred years 



100 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

since the first tree was cut where the city now stands, and at 
this time it consists of more than three thousand six hundred 
Houses. — It is daily encreasing, and I doubt not in time, will reach 
all the way, from River to River, — the great and foreseeing 
Founder of it, Mr. Penn having wisely laid out the Space so far, 
which is daily taking and filling. . . . The Quakers here bear the 
great Sway in Government, which is clogged and incumbered, and 
I cannot help wishing that this and every other Proprietary Gov- 
ernment in America was re-annexed to the Crown, and Governed 
by Royal Governours, whose Salaries ought to be permanent, and 
independent on the fickle will, and fancy of those they are sent to 
Superintend ; till this most desirable end shall take place — Amer- 
ica will never cordially unite, or be induced to act warmly and 
effectually, either towards their own defence, or to such other 
purposes, as may equally tend to their own, and to the Honour 
and advantage of Great Britain. . . . 

In 1765 John Penn was Governour, an Excellent young man 
but parties ran so high between the Quakers and Presbyterians to 
whom the other Sects United, as being all too weak, it made things 
quite disagreeable ; to this the two Parties, for, and against a 
change of Government added Combustible matter — and occa- 
sioned many inconveniences, both to the Publick and Individuals, 
which a more Stable and permanent Form of Government would 
obviate. " Journal of Lord Adam Gordon," in " Travels in the 
American Colonies," edited by Newton D. Mereness. New York, 
Macmillan Co., 1916. Pp. 411-413. 



ANTHONY BENEZET. 

" Yes, honest Anthony Benezet is dead, and in my opinion 
this State has lost one of her most valuable citizens when he died. 
I believe no man ever died here who was more universally or 
more justly beloved; he was truly a Friend who embraced all 
mankind in the arms of his benevolence." 

Samuel Hazard, in 1784. (Belknap Papers, II, 356. Coll. 
Mass. Hist. Soc, Ser. V, Vol. II.) 



ANNUAL MEETING. loi 

ANNUAL MEETING OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL 
SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA. 

The thirteenth annual meeting of Friends' Historical Society 
of Philadelphia was held in Arch Street Meeting-house on the 
evening of Second month 27, 1917. 

About 125 members and their friends assembled at 6.30 
o'clock in the tea-room and partook of a well-prepared supper, 
served at tastefully arranged tables. 

Following the supper the annual reports of committees were 
presented. 

Amelia M. Gummere, editor of the new edition of John Wool- 
man's Journal, reported some new material had been found in 
York, England, where John Woolman died. Also the Boston 
Public Library has some manuscripts relating to the Indians, con- 
taining reference to John Woolman's visit to the Indians. 

It is thought likely that it will be possible to have a publish- 
ing firm undertake the printing of this work for the Society, 
and it is hoped that it may be issued in about a year. 

Report was made that the bronze tablet containing the words 
of the Prayer of William Penn for Philadelphia had been erected 
on the east side of the north archway of the City Hall. The de- 
sign and position are satisfactory to the committee, who have 
been untiring in their efiforts to have the tablet placed on a public 
building. [See frontispiece to this number.] 

Albanus L. Smith, on behalf of the heirs of Margaret Long- 
streth Smith, presented a watch-box, formerly used as a protection 
for the city watchmen from exposure during cold and stormy 
weather. The gift was accepted by the Society, and it is hoped to 
have it erected on the grounds at Fourth and Arch Streets. 

The general topic for the papers of the evening was " The 
Graveyard at Fourth and Arch Streets, and Brief Notices of 
Some Prominent People Buried There." 

Papers were presented by Professor Allen C. Thomas, Lucy 
B. Roberts. Hannah T. Shipley. J. Henry Scattergood, William 
S. Yarnall, Lucy C. Shelmire and Amelia M. Gummere. 



102 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Albert Cook Myers, who has recently returned from Eng- 
land, spoke briefly about his work in collecting the complete writ- 
ings of William Penn. He believes that as more information is 
found it will prove William Penn to have been not only a promi- 
nent Friend, but a public-spirited man and a world figure. 

Catharine M. Shipley alluded briefly to a few prominent 
Friends, formerly members of the meeting at Fourth and Arch 
Streets, after which the meeting was adjourned. 

Mary S. Allen, Secretary. 

— From The Friend. 



OFFICERS OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY 
(1917-1918). 

President — Arthur N. Leeds 

Vice-Presidents — Isaac S h arpless 

Amelia M. Gummere 

Secretary — Mary S. Allen 

Treasurer — Mary S. Allen 



Councillors Serving 1916-1917 

Hannah P. Morris Walter Brinton 

Lucy C. Shelmire Francis R. Taylor 

Alice H. Yarn all D. Robert Yarn all 



Councillors Serving ipi/-ipi8 

Ellen W. Longstreth George Bailey, Jr. 

Ellis Y. Brown Edward Woolman 

Albanus L. Smith Samuel N. Rhoads 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 103 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 

Elizabeth Fry the Angel of the Prisons. By Laura E. Richards, au- 
thor of "Florence Nightingale," etc. Illustrated. D. Appleton & Co., 
New York, 1916. 7^ x 5 in., pp. viii, 205. $1.25. 

This is an interesting account of Elizabeth Fry by a sympathetic out- 
sider. It has few claims to originality, being a compilation from A. J. C. 
Hare's " The Gurneys of Earlham," the " Life of Elizabeth Fry " by her 
daughters, and other well-known books. It is written in the lively style 
of the author, and is a pleasant addition to the Elizabeth Fry literature, 
though it adds no new facts. It will be read by many who would not be 
likely to read the larger volumes, and so will doubtless be productive of 
good. 

It is to be much regretted that the illustrations are not only poorly 
executed, but in two instances are incorrect. That facing page 186 is not 
a portrait of Elizabeth Gurney, afterwards Elizabeth Fry, but of Elizabeth 
(Shepherd) Gurney, wife of Samuel Gurney, of Ham House (see " Gur- 
neys of Earlham," Vol. i, 186; Vol. 2, 296; also "List of Illustrations" in 
each volume). The silhouette on the cover is not Elizabeth Gurney, but 
Hannah Gurney (see "Gurneys of Earlham," Vol. i, 106, 164). A per- 
sonal note from the author states that the publishers are responsible for 
the illustrations, and that corrections will be made should another edition 
of the book be called for. 



A Dreamer of Dreams, Being a New and Intimate Telling of the Love 
Story and Life Work of Will Penn the Quaker. By Oliver Huckel, etc. 
New York, T. Y. Crowell Company, Publishers [1916]. 7x5 in., pp. 
xxvii, 249. $1.25, net. 

This book by a well-known Congregational minister, late of Baltimore, 
Maryland, is intended to be in the same class as the old favorites, " Diary 
of Lady Willoughby," and " Maiden and Married Life of Mary Powell." 
Like the works of Hannah Mary Rathbone and Anne Manning, fact and 
fiction are so much mixed up and interwoven, that only those who are 
familiar with the facts are able to distinguish between them. In the 
" Dreamer of Dreams " the style is pleasant, and the incidents well chosen. 
The author is in sympathy with William Penn, and has evidently read 
much of the literature bearing upon his theme. He has also sought for 
legends and stories of the early days in Pennsylvania which would lighten 
up his supposed " Diary." It is, however, almost impossible to regard 
such a work seriously, for it is neither history, nor biography, nor fic- 
tion, but a little of fact and a good deal of fiction, with a transparently 
artificial atmosphere of antiquity. 



104 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Concerning Prayer, Its Nature, Its Difficulties and Its Value. By the 
author of " Pro Christo et Ecclesia," and others. Macmillan & Co., Lon- 
don, 1916. 8H X 5y2 in., pp. xiii, 504. $3.00. 

The fact that one of the essays in this composite volume is by Rufus 
M. Jones, the well-known Friend, gives it a place in these columns. It is 
a striking comment on the current thought of to-day that this good-sized 
volume at a comparatively high cost should not only be published, but 
that a second issue should be called for within a month of publication. 
Another interesting feature is thus described in the " Introduction " : " In 
this volume a lady, three laymen, two parish clergymen, two clerical dons — 
all Anglicans — a Wesleyan theological tutor, a Congregational minister, 
and an American professor belonging to the Society of Friends, put for- 
ward some thoughts which are the result of a sustained corporate effort 
to clear up their own ideas on this important matter." The volume is 
wholly non-controversial. Naturally the essay by Rufus Jones, " Prayer 
and the Mystic Vision," will appeal most to Friends, but there is very much 
that will be not only interesting, but helpful to the serious reader. These 
are the words of an Anglican Canon : " Moreover, whether a church be 
accustomed to a fixed Liturgy or to extemporary prayer led by the min- 
ister, it is impossible that the special needs of every individual can be met 
in the written or spoken prayer. . . . Hence intervals of silence in which 
individuals can think specially of their own or their friends' needs, or in 
which the whole body is invited simply to wait upon God, are a vital neces- 
sity. 

" The explicit recognition of the value of silence is the great contribu- 
tion to religion of the Society of Friends, and in an age of rush and 
tumble many feel strongly drawn to the infinite quietness and simplicity of 
the Quaker Meeting" (pp. 269, 270). 

America's View of the Sequel. By Royal J. Davis, of the New York 
Evening Post. London, Headley Brothers, 1916. 7H x 5 in., pp. 155. 2s. 

This small volume by Royal J. Davis, an Earlham and Haverford 
graduate, and well known member of New York City Meeting, is a collec- 
tion of the views of distinguished Americans as to what will be the political 
and economic conditions of the belligerent and neutral nations, particularly 
in their international relations, after the close of the present great conflict. 
The collector and annotator has done his work skilfully and impartially. 
The views expressed are very diverse and sometimes contradictory, but 
such a conspectus as this is very suggestive and should be provocative of 
thoughtful consideration. Naturally the appeal to history is often made, 
and in this connection the following sentence quoted from a financial arti- 
cle in the New York Evening Post, is pertinent : " It is the safest of all 
political and economic maxims, that no two apparently similar periods of 
history ever duplicate each other exactly in the sequel." 

It is to be regretted that the book is not published in America as well 
as England. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 105 

The Quaker of the Future Time. By George A. Walton. The 
William Penn Lectures. Philadelphia, Walter H. Jenkins, Printer, 1916. 
7J^ X SH in., pp. 49- 5° cents. 

This is the second " William Penn Lecture " given under the auspices 
of the Young Friends' Movement of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Race 
Street). At the lecturer's request "Eleanor Scott Sharpies assisted him 
with the poem written for the occasion." In both the verses and in the 
lecture an ideal citizen is portrayed, ideal both towards God and towards 
man. " The Friend of the future, therefore, eager to be a ' part of God's 
great plan,' will neither neglect the development of his spiritual life, nor 
overwork it. . . . Amongst men there is the warm glow of sympathy and 
understanding, fresh, spontaneous ; never mechanical nor indifferent. 
Towards God is the constant yearning for guidance, and inspiration, up to 
the very fullness of the stature of manhood that is in Christ" (p. 48). 

It must be said that the lecture is somewhat lacking in warmth of 
feeling and spirituality. 

The Ministry of Reconciliation, Christian Pacifism; Its Grounds and 
Implications. By F. W. Armstrong, Richard Roberts, H. W. Horwill, 
H. T. Hodgkin, and others. Edited by Hugh Martin. London, Headley 
Brothers [1916]. 7H x S in., pp. 162. 2s. 

This volume does not appear to be a " Fellowship of Reconciliation " 
publication, though some of the contributors are active members of that 
organization. It is " the work of men who believe that war is indefensible 
from the Christian standpoint." As one of the writers says, " The ham- 
mer of Thor cannot take the place of the sword of the spirit." 

" The book is primarily intended for use in Study Circles and as a 
basis for discussion of the grounds and implications of the Christian 
pacifist position." 

There is some difference of opinion as to minor points, but all the 
writers are agreed on the general position. Not the least able essay is 
that by our well-known Friend, Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, on " The Func- 
tion of the Church." This, he states, is (i) : The Church is in the zvorld 
to reveal the Father; (2) The Church is in the world to announce the 
Kingdom of God; (3) The Church is in the world to express the Kingdom 
of God in concrete terms. The book will well repay careful reading. 

Life at the Old Home. . . . Some Account of Edward and Tacy 
Foulke, and Susan Foulke, with life at the old home. By Hannah Jones 
Bacon. [No place, no date.] 7H x sVa in., pp. 47. Privately printed 
[1916]. 

A note in this little volume states that fifty copies were printed for 
distribution among his family by Francis L. Bacon, December 25, 1916. 



io6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

The book written, late in life, by Hannah Jones Bacon, is a record of 
Quaker life on a farm at Penllyn, near Philadelphia, between 1831 and 
1914. The remembrances relate chiefly to early years, and the glimpses 
of the country life at that time are very interesting. The narrative is 
simple but sprightly, and one can but wish it had been longer. Three re- 
productions of daguerreotypes, two silhouettes, and a view of the " old 
home " add to the interest of the book. 

A Lover of Books, The Life and Literary Papers of Lucy Harrison. 
Written and arranged by Amy Greener, with portraits and illustrations. 
London, J. M. Dent & Sons; New York, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1916. 
7M X sH in. 5s. 

Lucy Harrison (1844-1915) was the daughter of Daniel and Anna 
(Botham) Harrison, both Friends, though the latter in after years joined 
the Church of England. Lucy Harrison was an unusual character, and the 
reader instinctively wishes for a longer record than the 94 pages which 
are given to the " Life." She attended lectures at Bedford College for 
two years, and had the privilege of being under such men as George Mac- 
donald, S. R. Gardiner, and Richard Holt Hutton, afterwards so well 
known as the editor of the Spectator and as an essayist. Among the 
friends of her family were Dinah M. Craik, the author of John Halifax, 
Dora Greenwell, William De Morgan, Holman Hunt, Octavia Hill, and 
others. 

When she was twenty-two, she was asked to give some temporary help 
in Bedford College School, and so, as she laughingly said, she " entered 
by a fluke " into her almost lifelong profession — that of a teacher. After 
nearly twenty years of teaching her health gave way, and she was com- 
pelled to take a rest. In 1890 Lucy Harrison took up teaching again by be- 
coming headmistress at the Mount School at York. At this well known 
Friends' School for girls she remained for twelve years, and these years 
were " memorable in the history of the school." In 1902 she retired from 
office. Her influence was largely that of character, but she possessed the 
rare combination of artistic and literary tastes and equipment with busi- 
ness talent and attention to detail. Her later years were spent in a unique 
house she built near Bainbridge, Wensleydale, Yorkshire. The literary 
addresses and essays which form two-thirds of the volume are marked by 
keen literary appreciation and sound criticism. They are on "Jane Aus- 
ten," " Charles Dickens," " Wordsworth's Teaching," " Tagore," " John 
Woolman," and others. Three admirable portraits and three views, to- 
gether with reproductions of her sketches, add much to the interest. 

5"^. Paul the Hero. By Ruf us M. Jones, author of " The Inner Life," 
etc. Illustrated. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1917- 8x5 in., pp. 172. 

This volume, primarily written for youth, is in the clear and attractive 
style of the author. It is a lively narrative of the growth and develop- 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 107 

ment of the great Apostle. Known incidents in his life are skilfully made 
the foundation of imagined experiences. There is nothing which might 
not have taken place, and the author's accurate and extensive knowledge 
of Pauline literature has enabled him to avoid pitfalls which a less com- 
petent hand might have failed to see. It is always a debatable question 
how far it is expedient to mingle fact and fiction in writing of great char- 
acters ; but, if it is to be done, this book is good example. The early part 
of the narrative is better suited to younger readers than the latter part. 
This was almost inevitable, and it would seem to have been better to be- 
gin on a higher plane which could have been adhered to all through. There 
are six helpful illustrations reproduced from engravings. The two maps 
are so much reduced as to be difficult of consultation. The mechanical 
execution of the volume is excellent. 

Journal of Samuel Rowland Fisher. In the Pennsylvania Magazine 
of History and Biography, for April, 1917, there is published the first part 
of the "Journal of Samuel Rowland Fisher of Philadelphia, 1779-1781." 
This Friend was " great-grandson to the Quaker John Fisher, who with 
his wife Margaret, accompanied William Penn on his first voyage to 
America, in the ship Welcome [1682]." The part of the Diary published 
in this section relates almost exclusively to his trial and imprisonment 
for sending intelligence of " military importance " to the " enemy," the 
British, in a letter to his brother in New York, which letter was inter- 
cepted by the " patriots." The accused insisted on his innocence, would 
neither give nor receive any security, and remained in jail for months. 

This journal throws much light on the experiences of Friends dur- 
ing the Revolution; in this case of a British sympathizer. 

The remaining portion of the " Journal " will be looked for with in- 
terest. 



io8 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



NOTES AND QUERIES 



An Incident of the American 
Revolution. — The following inci- 
dent in the life of Martha Sted- 
dom occurred in South Carolina 
during the American Revolution: 
" The depredations suffered at the 
hands of the marauding soldiers 
of both the Continental and Brit- 
ish armies have already been re- 
ferred to. It was their custom to 
enter houses and take therefrom 
whatever they saw that they de- 
sired. On one occasion they cut 
from Martha Steddom's loom the 
cloth that she was then weaving, 
and carried it away with them. 
She was the possessor of a num- 
ber of stands of bees, and the at- 
tempt of a party of soldiers to rob 
the hives resulted disastrously. 
One of their number, having pos- 
sessed himself of the family 
butcher knife, was using it in his 
attempts at honey getting. Com- 
pelled by the stings of the bees to 
desist, he retreated striking at 
them with the knife. By an un- 
fortunate stroke he struck his own 
nose, almost severing it from his 
face. He then came into the 
house and desired Martha Sted- 
dom " to tie it on " for him. 
She took bandages, secured the 
wounded member in place and 



" tied it on " as best she could. 
The humor of the situation, how- 
ever, quite overcame her; and 
when narrating the incident to one 
of her granddaughters many years 
afterwards, she would again laugh 
heartily, and said that she could 
not have checked herself, even if 
threatened with death. From 
" The Steddom Reunion of 1916." 
— W. R. Kersey. 



A Scarcely Known Quaker 
Poet. — In Volume XIII, pp. 239, 
240, of the Cambridge History of 
English Literature, Professor 
Saintsbury gives an appreciative 
notice of Herbert Edwin Clarke 
(1852-1912). Herbert Clarke was 
a Friend, and in the Annual 
Monitor for 1913 will be found an 
interesting sketch of his life with 
a portrait. His poetry, though of 
a high order, never was popular, 
and his volumes, so far as known, 
were never republished or circu- 
lated to any extent in America. 
Saintsbury says of him, " His is 
the only poetry which has done 
justice to the strange and unique 
beauty of the fen-country, with its 
command — unequalled save at sea, 
and very different from that given 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



109 



by the sea — of level horizon and 
unbroken sky." 

Friends in Relief Work in 
France. — E. V. Lucas, in his 
" Cloud and Silver," a book of 
essays, 1916, in the essay, " The 
Marne After the Battle," has some 
interesting, sympathetic notes on 
the relief work of the Friends in 
France (pp. 27-36). One para- 
graph reads, " The Society of 
Friends have been and are busy 
not only in hut-building, but in all 
kinds of reconstitution ; dis- 
tributing seeds, chickens, rabbits, 
clothes, teaching the children, 
nursing, and so forth. For the 
sinistres, as the burned-out popu- 
lace are called, naturally often 
lose all, and they need every kind 
of help in beginning again. Hovi^ 
such staWart young fellows in 
their grey uniforms first struck 
the simple and still half-dazed 
peasantry of the Marne, I do not 
know; but the subtleties of Eng- 
lish sects and pacifism could not 
have been an open book. Watch- 
ing several of the Friends at work 
on a shed, a cure put to me the 
very natural question, 'Are all 
Englishmen carpenters? ' " 

Alliterative Names. — John Jay 
Smith, of Germantown, Philadel- 
phia (1798-1881), in his "Recol- 
lections " (privately printed, Phil- 
adelphia, 1892), mentions (page 



140) the following curious names 
as occurring among his customers : 
" Speakman and Say, Druggists ; " 
" Dr. Dudley Diggs, Druggist, 
Dagsboro, Delaware." 

Estimate of Whittier. — Dr. 
Augustus H. Strong, who was for 
forty years (1872-1912) president 
of Rochester Theological Semi- 
nary (Baptist), has published at 
eighty a volume, "American Poets 
and their Theology," in which he 
treats of the religious views and 
their presentation, of Bryant, 
Emerson, Whittier, Poe, Long- 
fellow, Lowell, Holmes, and Walt 
Whitman. The view is that of a 
conservative theologian, or, as he 
himself puts it, " the standard 
... is that of . . . modified Cal- 
vinism, or the theology of the 
New Testament." Naturally in 
the works of the group he finds 
much to take exception to, though 
he finds much to praise. One can 
hardly help feeling that not infre- 
quently the author reads into a 
poet's words meanings which the 
poet never thought of. On the 
whole, his judgment of Whittier 
is just and appreciative. He evi- 
dently feels closer to him in sym- 
pathy than to any of the others of 
the group. He rather naively re- 
marks, " Whittier . . . was not so 
far away from Calvinism as he 
tliou.uht." 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



Center Square Water Works, 
Philadelphia, i8oi. — From a 
pamphlet, " Department of Pub- 
lic Works, Bureau of Water, City 
of Phila., 1909, Description of 
Filtration Works and Pumping 
Stations, also Brief History of the 
Water Supply," it appears (pp. 
59-60) with reference to Benjamin 
Latrobe, an engineer of " superior 
talent and industry" — The accepted 
plan of B. H. Latrobe provided 
that the supply of water be taken 
from the Schuylkill River at 
Chestnut Street wharf, and the 
erection of a steam pumping 
plant at that place to raise the 
water to a basin at the same lo- 
cation. From this basin, the water 
was to flow by gravity through an 
underground conduit in Chestnut 
Street to Center Square, now the 
site of City Hall. Here his plan 
provided for another pumping 
station. The description of these 
pumping plants is in a report to 
the Water Committee by Freder- 
ick Graff, Chief Engineer and 
Supt. of the Water Department, 
dated Jan. 3, 1853. etc., etc. Page 
61 has a sectional view of Center 
Square Water Works. The first 



steam pumping plant in the U. S. 
was completed in 1801. For fur- 
ther developments and sources of 
water supply, see said pamphlet. 
George B. Cock. 

Robert Proud. — " Robert Proud 
has for me a pathetic interest. 
He was one of the first Ameri- 
cans to combine the functions of 
historian and schoolmaster. He 
was very poor and struggled hard 
against straitened circumstances, 
producing at the end a book 
[History of Pennsylvania] which 
satisfies many of the qualifica- 
tions of the modern school of 
history. . . . Indeed, the State of 
Pennsylvania cannot be said to 
have shown great interest in the 
writing of its own history. Popu- 
lous and wealthy as it is, it can 
be asserted that the book written 
by Robert Proud, a poor school- 
master, who struggled hard 
against an indifferent public atti- 
tude, is the best in scholarship and 
appreciation of the task before 
the writer that has yet been pro- 
duced." John Spencer Bassett, 
" Middle Group of American His- 
torians," 1916, pages 16, 18. 



Volume 8, No. i Eleventh Month (November), 1917 

Bulletin of 

Friends' Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

John Kinsey (1693-1750), I - - Isaac Sharpless 2 

Some Friends and Indians - - Ella K. Barnard 1 1 

Samuel and Mary Bovvne and Their Friends, II (Concerning 

Mary Becket) - - - - - - - 13 

"Disbursements on Acctt of Mary Becket" - - 19 

A Request of Princeton Students to Rachel Wilson of 

Kendal, 1769 -._____ 24 

Rachel Wilson of Kendal (1722- 1 776) - - - - 25 
Notes and Incidents of Her Visit to America, i ^6%- 1 769 

Certificate of Removal for Letitia Penn, 1 70 1 - - - 35 

Books of Interest to Friends ----- 37 

Notes and Queries -__-___ 4^ 



Note. — The editor does not hold himself responsible for any state- 
ment made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the Bulletin should be addressed to Allen C. Thomas, 
Haverford, Pa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary-Treasurer, 
24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, $1.00 per annum. All members receive the Bulletin free. 



2 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

JOHN KINSEY.— I. 
1 693- 1 750. 

After William Penn, no Colonial Quaker had the absolute 
confidence of his Friends in church affairs, and at the same time 
the strong leadership in the state to the extent possessed by John 
Kinsey. During the last decade of his rather short life he was 
the clerk of the Yearly Meeting, and its most responsible and in- 
fluential member. He was also the Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the Province, Speaker of the Assembly and the un- 
doubted leader of his party in political management. By this 
time the factions within the Society had practically disappeared. 
It was one loyal united body in both state and church. The dif- 
ferences which separated Thomas Lloyd and George Keith, and 
later David Lloyd and James Logan, were no longer existent. 
New issues were soon to arise, but when John Kinsey came most 
prominently before the people, there was this calm which had 
been cemented by about thirty years of peace and prosperity, after 
the political upheaval of 1710. During this time the memory of 
the great Founder had grown more and more in the esteem of 
his people. His government was established in popular regard 
as a model of liberality and wisdom. His words were quoted 
and his example pointed to, in settling the problems which arose. 

John Kinsey's grandfather, John Kinsey, was a member of 
the little band which settled Burlington in 1677. He died a few 
days after his landing at the Swedish Settlement of Shacka- 
maxon. His standing may be estimated by the fact that he was 
one of the Commissioners sent by the proprietors of West Jersey 
to guard their interests. His son, John Kinsey, the second, was 
a prominent lawyer. In 17 16 he was elected to the Legislature 
of New Jersey, of which he was for several years the speaker. 
He was also an active and acceptable minister among Friends 
traveling extensively through the colonies. 

John Kinsey, the third, had therefore an inheritance of legal 
and ecclesiastical faculty which he greatly developed in himself. 
At the same time he had the Quaker discipline of his youth, and 



JOHN KINSEY (1693-1750). 3 

a religious tendency in his early days which steadied and utilized 
his great powers to a life devoted to public service. 

He was born in Burlington in 1693. He studied law, was 
elected to the Assembly of New Jersey, and became its speaker 
as the successor to his father. There are too few records of his 
public life and still less of his private to enable us to fill up this 
bare recital. 

The first we hear of him in Philadelphia is in 1725, when he 
came to plead a case in court before Governor William Keith. 
He began to speak with his hat on. The Governor, who should 
have better informed himself as to Quaker scruples, ordered him 
to take it ofif. He refused, stating that he was acting from con- 
scientious motives. The Governor ordered the court officers to 
remove it, and the incident seemed closed. 

But to the Quarterly Meeting it was too vital a matter to 
be dropped in this way. It was an attack upon their religious 
liberty as they deemed it, and they sent a formal protest to the 
Governor. 

" There is no people more willing than the Friends to pay 
all due regards to their superiors, to offer all honor to the courts 
of justice, and in every way consistent with their religious per- 
suasions to pay all deference to their government and king; but 
when our conception of an individual's personal liberty is tres- 
passed upon, we have openly and firmly borne our testimony 
against it in all countries and places where our lots have fallen." 

Keith was a politic man determined to get along with every 
one. He could not afford to contest a little point like this with 
a people so strong in numbers and in influence as the Friends 
then were, and the following entry is found in the records of the 
Court : 

" On consideration of the humble address presented to the 
Governor this day, read in open court, from the Quarterly Meet- 
ing of the people called Quakers, for the city and county of Phila- 
delphia, it is ordered that the said address be filed with the reg- 
ister, and that it be made a standing rule of the Court of Chan- 
cery for the Province of Pennsylvania, in all time to come, that 
any person whatsoever, professing himself to be one of the peo- 



4 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

pie called Quakers, may and shall be admitted, if they think fit, 
to speak, or otherwise officiate, and apply themselves decently 
unto the said courts without being obliged to observe the usual 
ceremony of uncovering their heads, by having their hats taken 
off; and such privilege hereby ordered and granted the people 
called Quakers shall at no time hereafter be understood or inter- 
preted as any contempt or neglect of the said court, but shall be 
taken only as an act of conscientious liberty, of right appertain- 
ing to the religious persuasion of the said people, and agreeable 
to their practices in all the civil affairs of life." 

To understand why the good Friends of the day made so 
much of this question of the hat, we must know the conditions 
of the times. During the seventeenth century men were accus- 
tomed to wear a head covering in the house as well as outside. 
They took it off only as an honor accorded to persons in superior 
station, and expected those of lower rank to take theirs off to 
themselves. The regicide judges refused to uncover their heads 
when they tried King Charles, and of course he refused to recog- 
nize their standing by uncovering his. A century later at the 
outbreak of the French Revolution, the popular Assembly in- 
sisted on wearing their hats in the presence of the nobility, as a 
testimony to their equality. The sturdy Puritanism of the early 
Friends disposed of the matter once for all, by uncovering to no 
one save God, neither to King nor Magistrate, Priest nor Judge. 
Bitterly they suffered for this testimony to democracy. They 
went to jail for months at the command of angry judges. 
William Penn wore his hat before King Charles II, and the pleas- 
ant monarch remarking that it was not customary in that pres- 
ence for more than one to remain covered, took off his own. Un- 
der all circumstances they stood by their convictions, taking all 
that came of imprisonment, contempt or ridicule. 

It was in 1725 too near this time for the cause to be given 
away in a Quaker Province, governed by the sons of those who 
had suffered in England, and the meetings unanimously accepted 
the challenge. Afterwards no Quaker lawyer or witness was 
required to remove his hat during colonial days. 

John Kinsey moved to Philadelphia in 1730 at the age of 



JOHN KINSEY (1693-1750). S 

thirty-seven, and the same year was made clerk of Philadelphia 
Yearly Meeting. He was the strong and useful man of the body, 
and held the place till his death twenty years later. 

The records of the meeting for these twenty years are full 
of John Kinsey's work. His name was scarcely ever absent from 
any important committee. The literary work of Friends of this 
time, including the London Epistles, the collection of minutes for 
the new discipline, the epistles to subordinate meetings, was very 
largely done by him. During most of the time he was engaged 
in gathering materials for writing a history of the early days of 
the Province, which material afterwards passed into the hands 
of Samuel Smith. He was the medium through whom the de- 
cisions of the meeting were conveyed to the public, as, note for 
instance, the following minute of 1738 : 

" John Kinsey was ordered to draw an advertisement to be 
printed in the newspapers of Philadelphia, in order to inform all 
whom it may concern that the book lately published by Benjamin 
Lay was not published by approbation of Friends ; that he is not 
in unity with us, and that his book contains false charges as well 
against particular persons of our Society as against Friends in 
general." 

Equally prompt was the State of Pennsylvania to demand 
his services. On the 20th of January, 1731, the sheriff asked ad- 
mittance to the Assembly with the message, " In pursuance of a 
writ of the said sheriff, directed by the honorable the governor 
of the Province, John Kinsey, Gentleman, the day and year above 
mentioned was elected a representative in the Legislature to 
serve in the General Assembly of Pennsylvania this present year, 
in room of David Potts,^ lately deceased." On the next day 
John Kinsey took his seat, which he held, with one slight inter- 
mission, to his death, and after 1739 was Speaker. 

As with the Meeting, so with the Legislature, John Kinsey 
immediately became the important member, drawing up bills and 
addresses to the Governor, acting on committees, as trustee of 
public funds and real estate, as witness that the great seal was 

1 David Potts was a Friend and an ancestor of Theodore Roosevelt. 



6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

properly attached to laws, and whenever good sense and legal 
training could serve the public interests. For several years he 
was in addition Attorney General of the Province. 

So matters went on till 1739, when Andrew Hamilton re- 
signed the Speakership tired of its responsibilities and duties, and 
his faithful and unrewarded attention to the building of the State 
House. He had handed in his final accounts, and made his great 
farewell speech, perhaps the best resume of Pennsylvania Colo- 
nial conditions ever given. There was no doubt that John Kin- 
sey should be his successor. 

On October 15, 1739, the Assembly met and " by a majority 
vote " made John Kinsey Speaker. The same day they pre- 
sented him to the Governor, George Thomas, an appointee of the 
Penn family, who expressed in the formal way his satisfaction 
with their choice. He then made the usual requests of the Gov- 
ernor " that the House might have ready access to him at all rea- 
sonable times when the public business should require it: that 
they might enjoy freedom of speech in all their propositions and 
debates: that the members might be exempted from arrest dur- 
ing the sittings of the Assembly, that the Governor should give 
no ear to reports touching debates in the House till matters de- 
bated on passed into resolves : and that the Speaker's inadvertent 
mistakes might be excused. All of which he had requested as 
the just rights of the Freemen of Pennsylvania; and the Gov- 
ernor was pleased to assure the House that they should be pro- 
tected in the full use and exercise of the same." 

This little resume of legislative privileges represented the 
gains made in the years by the Quaker Assembly, in securing the 
independence of the people's representatives from encroachment 
of the Proprietors and Governor. They were not likely to lose 
any of it under John Kinsey's vigorous leadership. 

While they did not know it at the time the easy days of 
Quaker control were about at an end. They were to struggle 
along in the midst of wars and rumors of wars for some seven- 
teen years longer, but against an ever-increasing opposition from 
the Proprietors on one side and the militant portion of the popu- 
lation on the other. While John Kinsey was alive they fought 



JOHN KINSEY (1693-1750). 7 

the battle successfully in the legislative halls and at the polls. 
The contest began on the day following the choice of John Kin- 
sey as Speaker. 

About the same time that John Kinsey took up the Speaker- 
ship, George Thomas was made Lieutenant-Governor under the 
Penns. He knew very little about the character of the people 
whom he came from the West Indies to govern, but he was a 
man of ability and resources. If he had been appointed a few 
years earlier in the times of peace he might have quietly adjusted 
himself to the conditions ; but, unfortunately, Spain and England, 
as a result of differences centering in the West Indies, concluded 
to have a war, and Thomas was keen to support his royal mas- 
ter. The two men, Kinsey and Thomas, were pitted against each 
other as the leaders of the contest which was to follow. Whether 
we consider skill in disputations or in political management, the 
end of the struggle did not find the Quaker leader at any dis- 
advantage. 

The contest began when, in the Tenth month, 1739, Governor 
Thomas sent a message to the Assembly, suggesting that they 
make an appropriation to protect the province against attack, and 
assist the king. The Assembly took the matter into serious con- 
sideration, and explained in a somewhat lengthy preface that 
they were all loyal subjects, lovers of religious liberty, and that 
one of the principal motives which had brought them and their 
ancestors to the Province was the full enjoyment of liberty of 
conscience which was granted to them by their great Charter, 
and which the proprietor had pledged himself and his successors 
" according to the true intent and meaning thereof, should be 
kept and remain without any alterations inviolably for ever." 
And then they add, " It is not unknown most of them were of 
the people called Quakers, and principled against bearing arms 
in any case whatsoever." They admit that the circumstances have 
changed, and that a great many who have come in since think it 
to be their duty to fight in defense of their country, families and 
estates. These also have the same right of liberty of conscience 
with themselves. They do not condemn the use of arms in 
others, but they object to any law which would compel a man to 



8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

bear arms against his conscience ; and they add that a law which 
forces other people to bear arms and relieves the Quakers would 
be inconsistent and partial. Then they make a suggestion to the 
Governor, which, if he had been wise, he would have adopted 
and dropped the matter. They point out that the Charter gave 
him ample authority to raise a troop himself, and that they did 
not propose to interfere with his actions in this respect, provided 
he did not trample upon anyone's conscience. The clause of the 
Charter granting this authority, which William Penn accepted, it 
may be interesting to note: 

" To the Proprietor aforesaid, his Heirs and Assigns, by 
themselves or their Captains, or other their Officers, to levy, mus- 
ter, and train all Sorts of Men of what Condition soever or 
wheresoever born in the said Province of Pennsylvania for the 
time being, and to make Warr and to pursue the Enemies and 
Robbers aforesaid as well by Sea as by Land, even without the 
Limits of the said Province, and by God's Assistance to Van- 
quish and take them, and being taken to put them to Death by 
the Law of Warr, or to save them at their Pleasure ; And to do 
all, and every other thing which unto the Charge and Office of a 
Captain General of an Army belongeth, or hath accustomed to 
belong, as fully and freely as any Captain General of an Army 
hath ever had the same." 

They wound up their address by the pious reflection : 

" Not doubting but that Wee shall share in that Protection 
Our Gracious Sovereign denys not even to the meanest of His 
Subjects; And having at the same time a due dependence on that 
Power which not only calms the raging Waves of the Sea, but 
setts Limits beyond which they cannot pass ; And remembering 
the Words of the sacred Text That ' Except the Lord keep the 
City the Watchman waketh but in vain.' " 

We find in this paper several interesting indications of the 
state of feeling among Friends on the subject of war at this date. 
One was that they were unequivocally opposed to all war under 
all circumstances ; another, that they had no words of condemna- 
tion for those who from good motives thought and acted differ- 
ently, and, thirdly, that their reliance was upon a divine Provi- 
dence who, they believed, would interfere for their protection. 



JOHN KINSEY (1693-1750). 9 

The Governor was not disposed to recede from the contest. 
In an epistle equally lengthy he called their attention to the fact 
that they were representatives of the whole people; that he had 
no right to look into their personal religious persuasions, but that 
it was their duty as representatives to protect a rich Province from 
invaders. He did not wish to infringe any of their consciences, 
nor to introduce persecution, for he himself was a great friend 
of liberty. " But," he said, " as the world is now circumstanced, 
no purity of heart or set of religious principles will protect us 
from the enemy." The Assembly had recognized this in the in- 
stitution of courts and juries. He told them that they would 
condemn " little rogues " to death for breaking into their houses, 
and yet they would not use similar means on a larger scale for 
meeting of the more organized attacks upon their property. He 
had not been unaware of the privileges granted to him by the 
Charter, and the very fact that William Penn was willing to ac- 
cept the powers of a Captain-General under this Charter indi- 
cated his opinions as to the necessity of bearing arms in defense 
of his government. 

The Assembly returned to the attack, and article by article, 
replied to the Governor's address. They showed that their posi- 
tion inland from the sea, protected by friendly colonies to the 
north, east and south, made them in no danger of being attacked. 
Consequently the Governor's argument for the need of defense 
had no bearing on the case. They will not admit the justice of 
the comparison between the " little rogue " and the " great in- 
vaders." 

The Governor, in a couple of days, returned to the attack. 
He reproved them for their acrimony, which, he says, he little 
expected from men of their principles, and declares he will not 
engage in the discussion in that spirit. He thanks them sarcas- 
tically for their description of the geography of the Province, 
which he intimates he is not entirely unacquainted with. And 
then he again takes up the question of the burglar, where he evi- 
dently thinks he has a point. 

The Assembly contented itself with a general reply to this, 
stating that they had no delight in controversy ; that they did not 
believe the Province was in danger ; that the early appropriations 



10 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

of money for warlike purposes did not prove their utility; that 
they were steadfastly loyal to King George, and that on the basis 
of these well-known principles had always enjoyed the protec- 
tion of the Crown, and that the Province would receive no ill 
effects from their lack of legislation. In the main their argu- 
ment was that fighting in itself was very unlike the preparation 
for a storm on sea and they could not do it even for a good 
cause. 

Then the Governor replies in a final argument, and asks the 
question which has never been answered : " If your principles 
will not allow you to pass a bill for establishing a militia, if they 
will not allow you to secure the navigation of a river by build- 
ing a fort, if they will not allow you to provide armies for the 
defense of the inhabitants, if they will not allow you to raise men 
for his Majesty's service for distressing an insolent enemy, is 
it calumny to say your principles are inconsistent with the ends 
of government ? " 

There was a veiled irony in many of the Assembly's replies, 
which, I suppose, came from the pen of John Kinsey, and which 
delighted the men who, in the coffee-houses of Philadelphia, fol- 
lowed the controversy with great interest. 

During the course of the controversy, parties were gradually 
forming, and this thrust and counterthrust of arguments were 
simply appeals to the constituents; for there were no editorial 
comments in the scanty papers of those days by which public 
opinion was influenced. The arguments were passed around by 
word of mouth or by written manuscript, and in many a coffee- 
house or country tavern, and doubtless also on the steps of the 
meeting-houses after the assembly was dismissed, they were re- 
peated and illustrated with ever-increasing emphasis. 

Not all Friends took the position that defensive war was in- 
consistent with Christianity. James Logan was the leader of a 
considerable company of young and well-to-do Philadelphians 
who openly espoused the other side. But at present they were 
opposed to the Governor's pretensions, and worked with their 

associates of the yearly meeting. ^ ^ 

■^ ^ ^ Isaac Sharpless. 

{To be continued.) 



SOME FRIENDS AND INDIANS. 



SOME FRIENDS AND INDIANS. 

During the years of Zeisberger's missionary efforts among 
the Lenape Indians/ he says in his diary (1781-1808) begun after 
the removal (probably the fifth one) of his Gnadenhutten (Tents 
of Grace) from the Muskingum to Tuscarorwas County, Ohio, 
November 20, 1787, "A Quaker came here who lives in Chester 
[Pennsylvania] ; his father named Isaac Pile had been taken 
prisoner on the Wabash by Piankashaws ^ (1780)." 

Many mentions are also made of a Quaker, Abiah Parke,^ who 
traded * for many years with the Indians and " dealt uprightly 
with them." 

1793. Six Quakers, William Savery,^ John Parrish, John 
Elliott, and Jacob Lindley, from Pennsylvania, and Joseph Moore 
and William Hartshorne, from New Jersey, accompanied the 



1 D. G. Brinton. " The Lenape and their Legends." 

~ The Piankashaws had been driven West. Three chiefs of this tribe 
ceded land in the Treaty of Grenville, 1795. See " A Mission to the 
Indians," Martha E. Tyson, Philadelphia, 1862. 

3 This Abiah Parke was probably from Oiester County, Pennsylvania. 
" He took sides with the British, and for one of his exploits led a party 
of the enemy by night to capture his uncle, Colonel Hannum, at Marshall- 
ton," left the parts, " and went to Canada, and never afterwards was 
heard of alive." Afterward is said to have married a Shawnese woman 
and left two sons. Futhey and Cope, "Hist. Chester County," p. 118, N. 

* The women of Gnadenhutten made for sale mats, brooms, and bas- 
kets, the men canoes. Deer sold for $4 or $5 each. They likewise took 
quantities of honey from the wild bees of " the bush," and each family 
made from one hundred to two hundred pounds of maple sugar. One 
mention is made of their trading for flour at the rate of one pound of 
sugar for one pound of flour ; but usually traders take sugar and sell at 
three shillings a pound. 

5 William Savery (1750-1804) was an eminent minister of Philadel- 
phia. He was the one whose sermon at Norwich, England, 2d mo. 4, 
1798, made such a lasting impression on the young Elizabeth Gurney, 
afterwards Elizabeth Fry. 



12 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

American Peace Commissioners to Detroit, visited the Indians, 
left them $ioo and a message for the Indian Church.® 

1797. "A Quaker from the States came to see us and the 
Indians was much pleased." ^ 

After the treaty of Grenville, August 3, 1795, the Yearly 
Meetings of Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New York appointed 
Indian Committees ; Baltimore with charge of the Western 
Indians, until the establishment of Ohio Yearly Meeting [1813] ; 
and Philadelphia " took by the hand " the Six Nations of New 
York State. But before this time, in 1794, the Meeting for Suf- 
ferings of Philadelphia having been informed that the Indians 
particularly desired them to be present at a treaty to be held be- 
tween the Six Nations of New York at Canandaigua, David 
Bacon, William Savery, John Parrish, and James Emlen offered 
their services, and were approved by the Meeting.^ 

The following letter from William Savery was forwarded 
after their return home from this visit. 

Philadelphia, ist month 24th, 1795. 

My Good Friend, the Farmer^s Brother, 

By Capt. Chapin I thought proper to inform thee, & thy Nation, that 
me and all my friends who attended the Treaty at Canandaigua, arrived 
safe home and found our friends well — we Reflect frequently on your 
friendly Disposition toward us & the Issue of the Treaty, which we hope 
will be the means of a Lasting peace between you & the United States — 

" 1793- Information was received by the Friends of Philadelphia that 
a treaty was likely to be held at Sandusky, and that the Indians requested 
that they be present, and that they also " send to the children of Onas 
[William Penn] three strings of white wampum as a token of their friend- 
ship." The consent of their Monthly Meetings and the approbation of 
President Washington being obtained, the above-named Friends were ap- 
pointed, taking with them an Epistle to the Indians from the Meeting 
for Sufferings of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. See also " Life and 
Times of David Zeisberger," Phila., 1871, p. 634. 

"^ E. De Schweinitz, " Life and Times of David Zeisberger," Philadel- 
phia, 1871. 

« Janney, "Hist, of Friends," vol. iv, 150; Journal of Wm. Savery, pp. 
88, 89, Phila. ed. 



SAMUEL AND MARY (BECKET) BOWNE 13 

we hope you will keep the Remainder of your Land in your hands, and 
learn to Cultivate it & that you will by all means keep in Peace with the 
White People as well as with your Indian Brethren & all men— this will 
be your greatest happiness, if we, your friends, the Quakers of Philadel- 
phia Can be of any Service at any time, & we Desire you may be free in 
applying to us— with a great Deal of Regard & Desire for your Welfare, 
I am your friend.'^ William Savery. 

Ella K. Barnard. 



SAMUEL AND MARY (BECKET) BOWNE AND THEIR 
FRIENDS.— 11. 

Concerning Mary Becket. 

Reference was made in the last paper to the tradition that 
the mother of Mary Becket was an Elinor Percy.^ No evidence 
has ever been found to substantiate this story, and the recently 
discovered history of Mary Becket makes it wholly untenable as 
well as the other tradition that she came as companion to an Eng- 
lish woman minister.^ 

The late Thomas Stewardson, of Philadelphia, made a care- 
ful investigation into the history of Mary Becket, and succeeded 
in clearing up what had been a puzzling problem. The follow- 
ing account is based on his researches, the results of which were 
communicated by him to the Pennsylvania Magazine of History 
and Biography during the years 1886- 1887, supplemented by 
original letters and documents in the possession of the present 
writer. 

9 O. Turner, " Hist, of the Holland Purchase," 1849. 

1 This story is given in W. H. H. Davis's " History of Bucks County, 
Pennsylvania," pp. 86, 106. 

2 It has been suggested that there has been a confusion between two 
ancestors named Mary — one, Mary Hornor, who may have been of Percy 
descent, and Mary Becket, who undoubtedly was not. Penna. Mag., xi, 
245, 246. 



14 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

The first thing we know of Mary Becket is that her name is 
in the passenger list of the ship " Vine " of " Leverpoole," which 
arrived at Philadelphia " ffrom Dolyserne ^ near dolgules ^ in 
Merionethshire," " the 17th day of the 7 mo. [September] 1684." 
She is put down as being in the company of Henry Baker from 
Walton [near Preston] in Lancashire. The party consisted of 
" Henry Baker & Margaret his wife," their four daughters, two 
sons, Mary Becket, and ten servants. It must be remembered 
that the word " servants " means " indentured " servants which 
did not necessarily mean those who performed menial service, 
but who were analogous to college students of our day who work 
their way through college. They were bound for various terms 
so they could work out their passage money, etc.* 

The Pemberton family were doubtless of yeomanry rank and 
lived in Lancashire. Phineas Pemberton was intimate with 
Roger Haydock, Robert Lowe, Henry Baker, and others. He 
and Phebe Harrison were married (1676) at the house of John 
Haydock (brother of Roger) at Cappull, Lancashire; and Henry, 
Roger, Elizabeth, and Anne Haydock, and Elinor Lowe are 
among the signers of the marriage certificate. Robert Lowe 
(probably the younger Robert) was Phineas Pemberton's ap- 
prentice in 1672.^ These facts are mentioned to show the con- 
nection between the Pembertons, Lowes, and Haydocks. 

Roger Haydock, of Cappull, was a prominent minister who 
traveled widely in Great Britain and Ireland, and on the Conti- 
nent of Europe, and had his full share of the " sufferings " of the 
early Friends. On the " 6th Day of the 3d Mo. [May] 1682 " 
he was married to Elinor Lowe. After traveling in the minis- 
try a few months, Roger Haydock " settled his wife at Warring- 
ton," 1682. " In the 5th mo. [July] 1687 he removed his wife 
and family from Warrington to Brick Hall in Penketh " [South 

3 Neither of these names appears on modern maps. See Penna. Mag., 
viii, 332, 333; Futhey and Cope, "Hist. Chester Co., Pa.," pp. 430, 431. 

* According to Penn's liberal plan, each servant would have fifty acres 
of land when his time should expire. 

° Comly's Miscellany, Vol. vii, 15-19, 1835. 



SAMUEL AND MARY (BECKET) BOWNE 15 

Lancashire], which continued to be his home till his death in 3 mo 
[May] 1696." « 

In her account of her " convincement " Elinor Lowe says 
of Roger Haydock that her acquaintance with him began " nigh 
from the time of my convincement ... he being at the first 
Meeting I was at, when I received the Truth, altho' I could not 
say I was begotten into the Faith by him as a Father, yet can 
say, he was to me a faithful instructor and furtherer of me in the 
work of God as well by conversation as by ministry." Of a 
somewhat later date (1677) she writes, "About this time the Lord 
raised a concern of love in our hearts, each to other, relating to 
marriage. In which concern we felt the Lord's special hand to 
order us. It continued betwixt us for the space of five years." ^ 
In the meantim.e she, too, became a minister among Friends. It 
will now be well to say something about Elinor Lowe's lineage. 
Her mother was Elinor, daughter of Richard Gerrard, of Cre- 
wood Hall, near Frodsham, Cheshire. She married Robert 
Lowe and became the mother of Elinor [Jr.], John, and prob- 
ably of Robert [Jr.], who was apprenticed to Phineas Pemberton 
at Bolton. Her brother John, like herself, became an active 
friend through Roger Haydock's influence.® 

That Elinor Lowe, the daughter, was a woman of some 
property is probable from the fact that James Harrison, father 
of Phebe (Harrison) Pemberton, in a letter of 1681, says, "I 
am about to bargain for my house, in case I should go with 
William Penn." And he expressed a wish that Elinor Lowe 
might purchase it, that " it might be preserved for the Lord's ser- 
vice." ^ It might be well to remember that there were two 

* " Collection of the Christian Writings, etc., of Roger Haydock," 
London, 1700, pp. 207, 210, 214. See also Journal George Fox, Cambridge 
ed., ii, 493, 494 ; and also for John Haydock, Ibid. 

■^ Writings of Roger Haydock, as above, " Elinor Haydock's Testi- 
mony Concerning her Husband," pp, 3, 5. 

« Ibid., p. 3- 

® Comly's Miscellany, vii, 22. 



i6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Elinor Haydocks, for the wife of Robert Haydock, a brother of 
Roger, was also named Elinor.^" 

Mary Becket, concerning whose parentage there has been 
so much doubt, according to the Parish Register of Middlewich, 
Cheshire, was the daughter of John Beckett and Mary Brun- 
drett [Brandreth ?]. Her parents were married "4th of May 
1671, and their daughter Mary was baptized on the ist of Octo- 
ber 1673. The Parish Records also tell us that Mary's mother 
was buried the very day of her infant's christening. What be- 
came of her father is not known." ^^ Elinor Lowe, then living at 
Newton, near Middlewich, adopted the child, probably as an in- 
fant. Whether she undertook the charge from pity, or from 
relationship, or because she wished for the companionship of a 
child, we do not know. That she was a Friend at the time is 
shown from the dates given in her Testimony to her husband, 
Roger Haydock. Shortly after this the Lowe family moved to 
Crewood Hall, which had been the home of her ancestors. There 
appears to have been some sort of pre-nuptial agreement between 
Elinor Lowe and Roger Haydock, for the latter writes to 
Phineas Pemberton, " loth 7 mo [September] 1695," " Now as to 
accounts on Mary's behalf ... as we concluded before we 
marryed to give Mary 100 1., so it was placed for her." ^^ 

Mary Becket evidently was a member of the Roger Hay- 
dock family until her departure for America. Concerning this, 
Roger Haydock, in his own name and that of his wife, writes 
from Warrington on the " 7th 4 mo [June] 1684," to Phineas 
Pemberton in Pennsylvania: 

Along w'^'^ y^ bearer hereof cometh daugh"" Mary, as by y^ enclosed 
to thy fath"" which on purpose I leave unsealed thou may understand: To 
yo"" care wee comit her . . . and place you as in our stead ; w"^*^ wee rest 
in hope you, that as a fatherly & motherly care over her, whom we truly 

10 Writings, etc., of Roger Haydock, p. 214. 

11 Penna. Mag., xi, 246. 

12 Penna. Mag., x, 482. Owing to a combination of unforeseen cir- 
cumstances, all this money, together with savings of interest, was lost. 
Penna. Mag., xi, 245. 



SAMUEL AND MARY (BECKET) BOWNE 17 

love, & who comes in her owne inclinacions for those p*^ to w*^'' inclina- 
cions wee have condescended. . . . And although shee come with H. B. 
[Henry Baker] . . . yt if you see better to settle her either at her Arivall, or 
within a year's tyme, or more or lesse, wee impower you so to do, & w*you 
do is & shall be accounted by us as if wee did it our selves. ^^ 

An enclosure dated at Liverpool on the i6th of the same 
month speaks of Henry Baker's detention by " a wicked priest," 
probably on account of tithes due, and adding : 

. . . However, since our daughter Mary cometh along I entreat thy 
care of her when it shall please god y*^ shee arives there; and wee fully 
. . . leave y® disposeall of our daughf to thy fath"^ moth"^ thy selfe & thy 
wife, even from the very day of her arrivall ; and of yo^' care wee are not 
doubtfull. ... I only add if it seem good to you y* our daugh"" abide a 
little w^^^ Margt Baker . . . wee are satisfyed ... & hope shee may in tyme 
be in a capacity of some place of p''ferm°'^, or at least of a place, wherein 
shee may be of more service — yet wee leave all to you; and shall account 
w*^ you do, as if wee did it ourselves. . . . 

On the " 20th 6 mo [August] 1686 " Roger Haydock writes 
again to Phineas Pemberton : 

... I have also Answered thy mind or Desire given about Mary, 
whom wee . . . have comitted to yo'' care we leave under yo'' care, hopeing 
shee will comply w*^^ y"^ Advice & Answ"" you in our names, as if wee were 
p''sent to requyre, order or dispose of for her good . . . wee received her 
love by her owne hand expressed, w*^^ love Answering it, & desire she may 
improve her handwriting. 1* 

So far the letters which throw light on the coming to Amer- 
ica of Mary Becket. Though she could have been an inmate of 
Roger Haydock's house barely two years, Roger Haydock and 
his wife uniformly call her " daughter," and she herself always 
speaks of them as " deare father and mother." So far as it has 
been possible to examine the correspondence there is no intima- 
tion even of the actual relationship. Moreover, in a letter of 
Jane Biles, a Friend visiting England, in writing from Liverpool, 
"3d mo. [May] 25th, 1703," to Mary (Becket) Bowne, says, 

^^ Penna. Mag., x, 482. 

1* Penna. Mag., x, 482. As Henry Raker arrived at Philadelphia with 
his party, he somehow got released from the " wicked priest's detention." 



i8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

" we were at thy dear mother's house." ^^ Doubtless these 
facts helped to strengthen the tradition of her being the daughter 
of an Elinor Percy. As Mary Becket had never known her own 
mother, it is natural that Elinor (Lowe) Haydock should take 
that place in her affections. 

As Mary Becket was born in 1673, she was about eleven 
years old when she came to America, which accounts for Roger 
Haydock speaking of her as of a child, as has been seen. In 
other letters he says, " Shee is growing up and wee hope in a 
little tyme may be capable of doing some kind of service ; " "I 
cannot promise to myselfe y* y^ child's stay for any considerable 
tyme w* H: B : [Henry Baker] can turn to her profitt." "As to 
her table wages the Agreement w*^ H : B : was onely for one 
year, w*^^ wee were free in because of his trouble in taking her 
over, then she was left to you.^^ It would seem, therefore, that 
Mary Becket was to pay the Bakers for their care of her during 
the voyage to America by living with them and waiting on the 
table. These household duties were not considered at all deroga- 
tory, being looked upon in the nature of an apprenticeship. 
Whether Mary Becket was longer with the Bakers than one year, 
does not appear. The fact that she was mature enough to desire 
to emigrate on " her owne inclinacions " which were regarded by 
her adopted parents implies a precocious child, which may ac- 
count for the fact that the Bakers apparently wished to keep her 
two years, but the decision was left by the Haydocks to the judg- 
ment of the Pembertons. Mary Becket probably after a little more 
than a year, became one of the family of Phineas and Phebe Pem- 
berton, remaining with them till her marriage in 1691. She evi- 
dently was treated as a daughter and a strong mutual attachment 
sprung up which lasted through life.^^ 

{To he continued.) 

1^ From MS. memoranda. 

'^^Penna. Mag., xi, 124, 125. 

^^ See the correspondence in Bulletin, Vol. VII, pp. 85-89. 



"DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCTT OF MARY BECKET." 19 

ROGER HAYDOCK DEBTR 

TO 

PHINEHAS PEMBERTON 

FOR 

DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCTT 

OF 

MARY BECKET 1 

£ s d 
The ballance of an acctt sent thee 

dated the 22 -12_ 1687 01 : 15 : 06^ 

To monys not yet Red for the 

sughars (?) first sent & sold to 

Wm : Berry who marryd Naomy 

Walley 02 : 00 : 00 

pd Jacob Hall for i paire shooes. .00: 05: 00 
22-^1688 5 yrds of linnen at 2^ 10^ pr yd . .00: 14: 02 
Linsey woolsey 3 yrds at 3^ 6*^ pr 

yrd & three (?) 00: 10: 06 

pd John Brock on her acctt 00: 04: 00 

Scotch Cloth for a fine shift 3 yds.oo: 08: 06 

whale bone y*^ (?) att 00 : 02 : 03 

24^1689 Linnen Cloth ^yi yrds at 2^ 6*^ p y.oo: 13: 09 
Linnen & Cotten 2^ yrds at 2^ 6'^ 

p yd 00 : 06 : 10^ 

30 ditto i paire of shooes att 00 : 05 : 00 

Woole 8 lbs att 15"^ p lb & Lent 3*^.00:10: 03 
I lute string hood cost 9^ 3^* ; i 

say ( ?) apron 6' 00: 15 : 03 

to Griffith owen for physick 00: 01 : 00 

Indico [ ?] att 00 : 00 : 09 

Linnen Cloth ^ yrd att 00 : 01 : loj^ 

Cotten 6 yds ( ?) att IS'* p y 00: 07: 06 

Laces 6 at 9'' ; i paire of shoos 5^ .00: 05 : 09 

1 From the original in possession of the editor. 



20 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

I pc filliting att oo : 03 : 06 

Cotton 5 yds at 6' 3^^ flax i lb 

at 18*^ 00 : 07 : 09 

I Rideing frock of Dyed Callico .00: 11: 00 

one large white Apron 8^ 00 : 08 : 00 

more linnen 3^ 9^^ thrid & silk 4"^ . . 00 : 04 : 01 

3 bookes 18*^, 2 coifes 2^ 00: 03 : 06 

12 -^ I bgo stuf, I yrd 6 nailes to couer a 

paire of stales with at at 3^ 6'* 

pr yd 00 : 04 : 09^ 

silk & thread 3*^ Lin Cloth i ^ yrd 

at 6^^ 00 : 03 : 01 

taylors work 2^ days att 00 : 06 : 06 

flax 6 bs att 00 : 00 : 08 

Cotten ^^^ at g^ i "^ 2o<^ 00 : 02 : 05 

25 1^ ^ ^fe° Cotton & linnen lys yrd att. .00:03: 04^ 

,,_5_ tape y^; sizer [ ?] chaine 6*^ 

J ^ mo . ^ 

pins lo"* 00 : 01 : 11 

sizers ( ?) i paire 6"^ lases 6'* 00 : 01 : 00 

muslin 2^ yrds att 6^ 00 : 12 : 06 

Riben 6^ ferrel (?) Riben 9^^ 

threed 3^^ 00 : 01 : 06 

1 barmoodoes bonnet 2^ 6^^ blew lin 

3 yrds 5^ 00 : 07 : 06 

tape 3*^ Lane (?) i}^ yrd at 3^ 6'' 

pr yd 00 : 05 : 03 

Kniting needles for 00 : 00 : 06 

2 paire of shoos att 00 : 10 : 00 

Transported 14 : 06 : 10 

£ s d 

Summe Brought over 14: 06: 07 [sic] 

Linen ^ yrd att 2^ 3** lent in 

mony 4^ 00 : 02 : 07 

taylor work 00 : 04 : 10 

Crape ^^ yrd i yrd att 00 : 01 : 04 



"DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCTT OF MARY BECKET." 21 

dyed Crape i yrd att 00 : 03 : 06 

Blew linnen 2 yrds att 00 : 06 : 00 

threed 3** pd G. owen for physick 

4^ 00 : 04 : 03 

ditto pd Roger Parke for physick 

and his visit in her sickness ... .00: 06: 00 

wine I qrt att 00 : 02 : 00 

alamode silk for a hood band & 

linneing her bonnet 2^4 yrds & 

Ribon i^ yrd all at 00 : 14 : 00 

woole Yz lb att /^^"^ thread i'^ 

thread 9** 00 : 01 : 05 >^ 

Laces Y^ doz att 00 : 00 : 06 

Serge for a Rideing gowne 5 yrds 

att 6^ 6^ pr yrd att 01 : 12 : 06 

Silk ^y2^ & buttons 2 doz i^ Riben 

1 1/2 yrd 9*^ 00: 02: 02^ 

taylors work for making the Gown.oo : 02 : 09 
serge 2^ Linnen & Cotton i^ yrd 

4^* 6*^ 00 : 06 : 06 

I Knife i^ [something erased] . . .00: 01 : 00 
thread 3*^ 23 -ji^ 90: i pr shoos 5^oo: 05: 03 

I pr pattens at 2^ thread 5*^ 00: 02: 05 

8-^91 I shift at 6^ needles 5*^ Crape 3^ 6'* 

I yd GO : 09 : 11 

ditto 34 yrd loYz^ satin Riben [ ?] .00: 05 : 03 

22 tape 10 yrds 15^* pins 3'' 00: 01 : 06 

White duble Crape 434 yrds at 

3* 6'^ p yrd for a petecoate 00 : 14 : 103^2 

thread 2^^ 2 hankirchifs 6* 00: 06: 02 

payd Henry Baker for one yeares 

dyet 04 : 07 : 06 

pd Henry Baker for weaveing for 

her 00: 09: 06 



26: 00: 073^ 



22 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

I iy« J_i69i silk for a scarfe 2^ yrd at i : 04: 09 

I Sarcenet hood att o : 12 : 00 

holland 5 yrds for 2 shifts att 

6^ pr yrd i : 10 : 00 

fif eret Riben 754 yrd att o : 00 : 09 

I Side Saddle with furniture viz 

bridle croupper girths brest plate 

&c 2 : 03 : 00 

whale bone att 00 : 02 : 06 

thread i'^ linnen Cloth 3^ .00: 03 : 01 

I paire shooes att 00 : 05 : 00 

more cloth 5' 9"^ thread 2^"^ 00: 05 : ii>4 

duble Crape 6 yrds att 3^ 9*^ pr yrd.oi : 04: 00 

woole >4 lb. att 8*^ 00 : 00 : 08 

ditto Crape white 5 yrds 3* 6*^ 

pr yrd 00: 17: 06 

Copperas 2 lb att 00 : 00 : 01 ^^ 

II ■y^^i6gi I stuft gown & pettecoate with 

trimming taylor worke att 03 : 17 : 00 

16 ditto thread j^ 2>^^ silke 1^8'^ 00: 01 : iqI/^ 

serge for a hood & mantle 4 yrds . . 01 : 06 : 00 

Transported 39 : 14 : 10 



£ s d 

Summe Brought over 39 : 14 : 10 

I paire of Shooes 5^ flax 2 lb 

3' 4^ 00 : 08 : 04 

white Linnen 2 yrds 5 nails 00: 04: 03 

cotton & linnen ^ yrd 00 : 02 : 06 

thread 4*^ white thread 2^/2 15*^. . . .00: 01 : 07 

gallone i yrd att 00 : 00 : "06 

tafifety & ferret Riben 2 yrds 7 

nails 00 : 01 : 03 

( ?) linnen ^ }i yrd att 00 : 01 : 10^ 



DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCTT OF MARY BECKET." 23 
green silk 8'^ Hemp lane % yrd 

2s od 
3 00 : 02 : 1 1 

needles 00: 00: 03 

Taylor work for makeing one 
gowne pettecoate hood mantle 
waste coates & stays & 9 days . .01 : 04: 00 

duble crape white 1354 yrds at 

3^ 6<^ pr yrd 02 : 06 : 041^ 

44: 08: 08 

three (?) 00: 00: 04>4 

Hemp lane 5>^ yrds att 5^ pr yrd. .01 : 07: 06 
narrow scotch Cloth 3 yrds at 3' 6'^oo: 10: 06 
blew linnen 334 yrds att 2' pr yrd. 00: 06: 06 
musling i yrd att 00: 06: 00 

Cuntry acctt 46 : 19 : 063^ 

But being reduced to English makes 

=: 37': 11^:06 

Rog" Hadock pr Cont Creditor £ « ^ 

Red by Shadrach Walley 01 : 04: 06 

By bill payable to Sam Carpenter 

or ordr wch if payd is 20 : 00 : 00 

Cuntry acct 21 : 04 : 06 

Being Reduced to English acctt makes 
16^ : 19' : 06'^ 
So that there Rest due to Ballance 

in English mony 20^: I2^• 00. . . .20: 12: 00 



wch is in Cuntry. .25 : 15 : ooy^ 
day 
The 23 8 mo 1691 

Deare father and mother 

I have had the perusal of the Above mentioned and do know it to bee 
a Just And true account for I have Receved the goods there in Contained 
and desire that you may take Ceare to Reimburse his Charge ffor If you 



24 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



do not then I must take Ceare to do it my selfe which I hope you will 
Consider will fall hard upon mee in our yong beginning 2 but having no 
dout of youre tender Regard which hither to hath beene largly many- 
fested to wards mee which is and all wees Shall bee Kindly and 
Regarded by mee who am in endeared love youre duteiful douter. 

Mary Bowne 



A REQUEST OF PRINCETON STUDENTS TO RACHEL 
WILSON, OF KENDAL, 1769.^ 

The following interesting document has been communicated 
by Norman Penney, of London. For some account of Rachel 
Wilson see the next article. — Editor. 

Madam. Nassau Hall, May 20th, 1769. 

We, whose names are subscribed, students of the College of New 
Jersey, would regard it as a singular obligation if you would favour us 
with a sermon on Monday next, at whatever time of the day you may 
please to appoint as most suitable. Some circumstances render it in some 
measure difficult for us to do ourselves the pleasure of hearing you to- 
morrow. Your compliance. Madam, will be most gratefully acknowledged 
by your hhble serv'^^ 

David Zubly 

William Willcocks ^ 

Thos. McFerrin 

Josiah Pomeroy 

Andrew Lott 

John Henr}' 

F. Freelinghousin * 

Stephen Tracy 

Saml. Spring 

S. McDougall 

Edm. Cheesman 

George Smith 

Jno. Taylor 

Samll. Harzard ^ 



Elihu Thayer 
Caleb Russell 
Jas. Wilson 
Hunloke Woodruff 
John C. Ogden 
Thomas Melvill 
Andrew Hodge 
Nathl. Erwin 
Saml. Niles 
Bedford Williams 
John Smith 
John A. McDougall 
James Taylor 
Phillip (?)2 



James Linn 
P. Kettletas 
Saml. Baldwin 
Peter DeWit 
Jesse Reed 
Alexr. Moorhead 
Jno. Blindenburg 
Nathan Penking (?)6 
Ebenezer Finley 
Jno. Campble 
Mathias Williamson 
Moses Allen 
Jno. R. Davis 
Gunning Bedford ^ 



2 As Mary Becket was married "4th of 8th mo 1691," this letter was 
written soon after. 

1 From Gibson MSS., iii, 85, in Friends' Reference Library, Devon- 
shire House, London. 

- Undecipherable. ^ Probably a well-known citizen of Philadelphia. 
4 Present spelling Frelinghuysen. ^ Probably, Hazzard. « Indistinct. 
7 Doubtless the distinguished citizen of Delaware, Gunning Bedford (i747- 



RACHEL WILSON, OF KENDAL (1722-1776). 25 

Joseph Ross Isaac Smith Joseph Eckley 

James Green Azariah Horton Henry Waggamaman 

Samuel Smith Hugh Craig Caleb Wallace. 

Addressed : " To Mrs. Rachel Wilson 

Present." 
Endorsed : " Request from the Students of Nassau Hall in New Jer- 
sey, May 20, 1769." 



RACHEL WILSON OF KENDAL. 
1722-1776. 

Notes and Incidents of Her Visit to America, 1768-1769. 

Rachel Wilson (1722- 1776) was the daughter of John and 
Deborah Wilson, of Kendal, Westmorland, England. She mar- 
ried Isaac Wilson, son of Anthony and Dorothy Wilson, of High- 
wray, near Hawkshead, who had moved to Kendal in his youth. ^ 

Rachel Wilson was recorded a minister when eighteen, and 
in the course of her life traveled considerably in the ministry. 
In 1768 she visited America. She landed at Philadelphia Tenth 
month 16, 1768, and remained in the colonies a few weeks over 
a year. " Her journey in America was performed almost en- 
tirely on horseback. It was a journey of many thousand miles 
through districts then very imperfectly cleared, in Pennsylvania, 
New Jersey, Virginia, North and South Carolina, New York 
and New England. Her simple narrative (still preserved 
amongst the family records) gives a vivid picture of the toil and 
occasional peril then to be encountered in passing through dense 
forests, in some places almost impenetrable, in the fording of 
deep rivers where the horses were often obliged to swim, and in 
many other hardships." ^ One incident of the southern journey 
is thus described in her journal : 



1812), who was in the Continental Congress, 1783-1786, a member of the 
Constitutional Convention, and signer of the Constitution, 1787. 

1 " Piety Promoted," Isaac Wilson, iii, 147, Phila. ed. 

- J. B. Braithwaite, " Memoirs of Anna Braithwaite," London, 1905, 
p. 42. 



26 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

" I2th month i6th, 1768. On 6th day morning we set forward on our 
journey, though the prospect was very discouraging. The snow was so 
thick, and the trees so laden that many were broken down, and the road 
was almost stopped up in places. My horse being full of spirit rushed 
through the snow, that I often was in danger of being thrown off, and 
before I had ridden a mile, a large tree, under which there was not room 
for him and me to pass, took me quite off. I fell into a hollow way with 
my head down, where I must have perished, if help had not been at hand. 
But my kind companion was soon off his horse, ready to assist, and, being 
strong and willing to exert himself for my relief, soon got me out of the 
snow, and I found myself able to walk, though my leg was much crushed. 
I got on to my horse and made a shift to ride fifteen miles to one Samuel 
Woods, that kept an inn where they behaved kindly, and I had my leg 
bathed and gave it what relief I well could. Having a mind to sit with 
the neighbors that were inclined to come, notice was given, and a large 
meeting we had in the evening, which the great Master was pleased to 
own with His presence to our admiration and comfort." ^ 

The southern journey just referred to was begun soon after 
her arrival at Philadelphia. Her companions of this long and 
even perilous undertaking were Samuel Morton, of Philadelphia, 
and Sarah Jenney [Janney ?]. They appear to have made 
Charleston, South Carolina, their southernmost point. The fol- 
lowing letter throws considerable light on her services, and also 
refers to the accident just mentioned : 



RACHEL WILSON TO ISRAEL PEMBERTON. 

Charlestown, 2d mo: 1769. 
. . . After a journey of twelve weeks from Philadelphia we arrived 
here last fifth day where I agreeably met with thine of the 13th of 12th 
mo: as also that of the 19th of ist mo: both which contributed to my 
satisfaction and proved as cordial drops to revive my drooping spirits 
which was at the time low enough; though I have no just cause to com- 
plain having been favored in every respect far above my desert, yet we 
have met with our trials in many respects. The fall I had from my horse 
was not one of the least as my leg was much bruised and the skin broke, 
yet I bore riding pretty well that we did not lie by any on that account, 
though many thought I must have rested before it would be healed, — had 



" Mem. Anna Braithwaite," as above, pp. 43, 44. 



RACHEL WILSON, OF KENDAL (1722-1776). 27 

not faith been strong I had certainly fainted. I cannot help viewing it 
almost next to a miracle myself, that I was enabled to get along so well 
under such a great disadvantage scarcely able to point the ground with 
one foot for upwards of a month, — in a poor part of the country where 
we did not abound with many superfluities in either meat or drink yet 
preserved in patience and resignation to the Divine will believing that all 
things would work together for good which we have evidently experi- 
enced in our steppings along under every trial. May we ever remember 
with humble gratitude the many wonderful deliverances and bless and 
praise the great name of our God, who hath thus far sweetened every 
bitter cup and qualified for service called to, above some of our expecta- 
tions, having visited at the back settlements where there's any that bears 
our name unless one and many places beside, where we were kindly re- 
ceived and I hope some lasting impressions left behind, that can now look 
back with satisfaction and thankfulness of what is past. Samuel Morton 
hath proved a true help meet. I have often had cause to believe he was 
of the Great Master's preparing for the work whereunto he had been 
called, as also Sarah Jenney (Janney? ) who hath also proved agreeable 
in all respects that we have travelled together in great harmony. We 
have had several meetings here to satisfaction, the hearts of the people 
seem open to receive us, and the doctrine we have to deliver both in pub- 
lic and private having been favored in many families of what is called 
the greater sort, that cannot but acknowledge we have met with an opened 
door than I expected in this place, being very much cast down in my com- 
ing here under a sense of my own weakness which I ever desire to be 
thoroughly acquainted with in order that my dependence may be entirely 
upon Him that is alone sufficient for every engagement He calls to. 
The account thou gives of Daniel Stanton and thy brother John was 
pleasing ; it's certainly doing the will whereby we come to know more and 
more of the Heavenly doctrine, — its work I love, that of visiting fami- 
lies — believing it to be of singular service to the church, where it is 
rightly gone about and entered into. My dear love to them both. I hope 
to be at liberty to leave this place tomorrow and return towards the 
north. It's probable we may reach West River [Maryland] Yearly 
meeting, but that cannot be determined at present, if we should be fav- 
oured to get well along. I've met with so many interruptions in the 
writing of this that I doubt thou'lt have difficulty to stammer it over, but 
as it's the production of pure love I shall not make any apologys, but 
conclude with the tenders of unfeigned love to thee and thy dear wife 
in which my companions unite with.* 

Thy truly sympathizing friend 

Rachel Wilson. 



* From a MS. copy of the original letter in the Library of the Histor. 
Soc. of Penna. 



28 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

It was on her return journey that she called upon Patrick 
Henry, the distinguished Virginia statesman, at this time thirty- 
two years old, but already famous for his Stamp-Act speech of 
1765. The entry in her journal is as follows: 

3d mo. 31st 1769. On our return to our quarters at night we called 
by the way to see one of the Assembly men, who was a man of great 
moderation, and had appeared in Friends' favour. His name is Patrick 
Henry. He received us with great civility, and we had an open time in 
his family, after which he made some sensible remarks.^ 

Rachel Wilson must have reached Philadelphia not later 
than the early part of Fifth month, 1769. She then started on 
her visit to New York and New England, taking some meetings 
of New Jersey on the way. One of the early halts was Trenton, 
from which place she went on to Princeton where she received 
the " Request " given on page 24. The following extract from 
her journal is, so far as known, the only reference she makes to 
her Princeton visit. 

Was at Mtg at Trentown it being Courtime Meny of ye Lawyers 
Came & great was ye favour Extended to us yt day Dined at Wm 
Morris whear we had a seasonabl opertunity at table after came to 
Isaac Clarks 11 miles Lodgd thair in ye morning had some servis Before 
we came away Visited Sam worth who was in a fever was at Stony Brook 
Meetg which was much croudd with all sorts of peopl whear Divin good- 
ness was Graciously Pleased to Reach to meny with his Living Powerful 
truth to the strengthing of our faith in his own Devin arm finding My 
Self not quite clear apointd a meetg at half Past four which was held in 
the Colledge to prety good Satisfaction tho so Crowdd that a good part 
stoud ye Students Behaved well and several of em Came and spoak to me 
after we loged with Joseph Horner Dined with Richard Stockden a 
Lawer who with his wife was very kind.^ 

One can but regret that no mention is made of the students* 
" Request." It would be interesting to know how it was re- 
ceived and how answered, but this will have to be left to conjec- 



5 See also Wm. Wirt Henry, "Life of Patrick Henry," i, 117, where 
this incident is described. 

6 Copied from the original, verbatim ct literatim, by Rachel Wilson's 
great-great-granddaughter, Anna B. Thomas, and contributed by her. 



RACHEL WILSON, OF KENDAL (1722-1776). 29 

ture. As the 20th of Fifth month, 1769, came on Seventh-day 
the reason for the students asking for a special meeting on 
" Monday " was probably because no meeting could be arranged 
for Sunday. Whether the appointed meeting she refers to was 
that requested by the students does not appear. 

The data for an extended account of Rachel Wilson's travels 
in New York and New England are not at present available, but 
some glimpses of her journey can be given through the follow- 
ing letters and memoranda: 



JOHN PEMBERTON TO HIS WIFE. 

New London, 6 mo. 6th, 1769. 
My dear: — 

I arrived here last evening from the east end of Long Island with 
the two women friends, W. Franklin, Geo. Bowne, J. Pearson, and 
another friend. We had a fine wind and sailed upwards of 30 miles in 
less than 4 hours and are now through mercy all bravely. I have craved 
to be thankful that I enjoy a quiet mind and better health than for some 
time before I left home and though have travelled diligently have not been 
much fatigued nor my horse who holds it well, except that his back is 
bruised, and friend Wilson likes brother Israel's horse well. We were 
at two meetings last 6th-day and one on 7th day and rode about 38 or 40 
miles. On first day had meetings, two of them we stopped as we rode 
along the road, one was a meeting house of a people called separatists 
held under the trees, where divers young people and some few elders 
staid, but divers went into their place of worship though their minister 
not there, appeared shy of us, yet to those that attended the Truth was 
freely declared, and we passed on and stopped at another meeting house 
and at the conclusion of their worship the minister gave liberty to speak. 
It was a large congregation and they heard with attention, though in that 
part of the island they were much strangers to friends, and yesterday we 
had a large meeting at Southold and Truth favored therein and we are 
just come from a large meeting much favored in the Presbyterian meeting 
house. ^. . . 



' From a MS. copy of the original letter in the Library of Histor. 
Soc. of Penna. 



30 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

JOHN PEMBERTON TO HIS WIFE. 

Newport, 6 mo. 13th 1769. 
My dear: — 

In my last per Captain Anthony I acquainted thee that I, with the 
friends arrived safe here about 10 at night 7th inst. in good health, which 
through Divine favor is yet continued to me. The yearly meeting here 
ended last evening and through its several sittings both for worship & 
discipline was favored with the Divine presence, which is cause of re- 
newed thankfulness. It's thought here to have been the largest meeting 
known for many years ; the house here is very large but could not con- 
tain the people by a great number. Great numbers not professing with 
us attended and behaved with sobriety and solid attention in the general, 
and friend Wilson was favored to speak to them with clearness and Di- 
vine authority. She is favored with a strong constitution and supported 
greatly, and she omits no opportunity of discharging herself and is hap- 
pily preserved solid and watchful, and her offerings both public and 
private seasoned with the salt of the covenant. Meetings are now given 
out until next 2d day, 2 in the day on our way to Dartmouth whence we 
propose to take shipping for Nantucket, that I cannot yet tell when, my 
dear, to look for me. . . . George Bowne and Jos. Pearsall set off his 
morning by water for New York. I did propose to have sent a line by 
them, but I lay too late this morning, for I was a little spent last night 
with the long meetings we have had from day to day, beginning generally 
at 7 in the morning and little intermission till night, tho I was up before 6 
o'clock, but that is a late hour for me to lay since I parted with 
thee.8 . . . 

In accordance with the plan mentioned in the preceding- let- 
ter, Rachel Wilson and her companions, John Pemberton and 
Sarah Hopkins, visited Nantucket.'' While on the island she was 
instrumental in settling a long-standing dispute which had 
brought discredit upon the Society. The matter is referred to 
in the following memoranda: 

Memoranda many years afterwards by Moses Brown of Providence, 
throw some light upon this case of difference and show how it was at 
length terminated. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing letter the affecting case continued for 
fourteen years after, when Rachel Wilson was at Nantuckett She pre- 

8 Ibid. 

» L. S. Hinchman, " Early Settlers of Nantucket," p. 322. 



RACHEL WILSON, OF KENDAL (1722-1776). 31 

vailed to have the case of a half share of land wrhich was Stocked double 
to the injury of most of the Islanders, left to a Committee as they were 
called. Viz. Stephen Hopkins, Thomas Steere, Wm. Redwood, Benjamin 
Arnold, Edward Shove & Moses Brown, who in the fall of 1769 attended, 
heard the Claims on both sides. Examined the Record, stated the Case 
and gave their Decision which terminated the case ; the stock on one side 
was withdrawn & the Person was acquitted of Surreptitiously getting a 
deed on Record by which one party claimed, for it appeared the opposite 
parties' papers were also recorded by the same Penman. 

On reading the foregoing letter I penn'd this memorandum this 26th 
of Sth mo 1823. In recollection of the sorrowful case tho' I was not then 
nor till several years after a member among friends, and to the credit 
of Rachel Wilson & the Influence of hir divine Master this Settle- 
ment was made, for it was thro' her wise & Discreet management and 
Influence she prevailed on Stephen Hopkins & me to undertake to go and 
attend to the Business. It was my lott to examine the Record and in so 
doing a worthy man then a minister, Elisha [?] Coleman was cleared of the 
charge made against him which fully paid me for my trouble and care in 
the business at the time : which I mention to the memory of Rachell Wil- 
son as without her favoured influence as an Instrument the work would 
not have been effected. 

She was indeed a wise and favoured minister and an Apostle of Use- 
fulness to me.i** 

Moses Brown. 

It seems likely that Moses Brown's memory was at fault 
as regards the name of the individual. Some research has failed 
to discover any Elisha Coleman, but there was an Elihu Cole- 
man, a minister, and prominent Friend living on Nantucket at 
the time of Rachel Wilson's visit, and it is probable that he was 
the man. He was one of the early protesters against slavery. 
(See Smith's Catalogue of Friends' Books, I, 439.) 

Moses Brown here mentioned was the celebrated merchant 
and manufacturer of Rhode Island, the great philanthropist, the 
benefactor of Brown University, after whom, with his brother 
Nicholas, it received its present name. He also was almost the 
founder of Friends' Boarding School, Providence, Rhode Island, 



10 This paper was communicated by Norman Penney. It is in Port- 
folio 21, 95, Friends' Reference Library, Devonshire House, London, 
E. C. 



32 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

and which in his memory was given its present title, " Moses 
Brown School" His long life of ninety-eight years (1738-1836) 
was one continued period of benevolence wisely administered. 
The last paragraph means more than appears on the surface, 
for it was through Rachel Wilson's ministry more than anything 
else that he was brought into the Society. "At Providence, 
Rhode Island, a member of the Assembly attended a meeting at 
which she was present, and was much impressed under her minis- 
try. Being unwilling to admit that he had been so much in- 
fluenced under the ministry of a woman, he attended several 
other meetings where other ministers were present, but was at 
last obliged to confess that it was under the ministry of Rachel 
Wilson that he was first effectually reached. This was Moses 
Brown." ^^ He became a member with Friends in 1774. 

The Stephen Hopkins (1707-1785) mentioned as a mem- 
ber of the committee, was one of the ablest statesmen of Colonial 
days. He was four times Governor of Rhode Island, Chief 
Justice, and the holder of many other offices of trust. He was 
member of the Continental Congress (1774-1780), and a Signer 
of the Declaration of Independence — his shaky signature, due 
to palsy, is one of the most conspicuous of the list. He was a 
Friend, a member at least, for he does not seem to have held 
Friendly views as to war. He was disowned in Third month, 
1773, for refusing to set free a negro slave-woman. This is a 
curious circumstance, for he afterwards became a strong advo- 
cate for the abolition of slavery. 

Rachel Wilson appears to have visited some meetings in 
New York on her return journey to Philadelphia, for there is a 
tract bearing the following title: "A Discourse delivered on 
Saturday, the loth day of August, 1769. At the Friends' Meet- 
ing-house, in Beekman's Precinct, Dutches County, in the Prov- 
ince of New York. By the celebrated Rachel Wilson, (One 
of the People called Quakers) To a numerous Audience of dif- 
ferent Persuasions. Taken in Short Hand, from the Mouth of 
the Speaker, by one of the Audience." 

1^ " Mem. of Anna Braithwaite," p. 44. 



RACHEL WILSON, OF KENDAL (1722-1776). 33 

" New York: Printed; Newport, Rhode Island; Re-printed 
and sold by Solomon Southwick, in Marlborough Street. 
1769." i2mo. 

Rachel Wilson reached Philadelphia in time to attend the 
Yearly Meeting at that time held in the Ninth month. The fol- 
lowing anecdote is related of her: 

" In the Yearly Meeting . . . held at Philadelphia, in the 9th month, 
1769, . . . she appeared divers times ; and once, when she was about to 
express something relative to herself, she signified she was led from her 
own concern to speak to our friend John Woolman, who was under a 
concern to visit some of the islands. She addressed him with much sym- 
pathy, and ardently wished the good hand might be with him; and enable 
him to divide the word aright, to the honour of the great name, the com- 
fort of those among whom he had to labour, and his own lasting peace. 
And for his encouragement, she testified, that as she steadily eyed her 
great Master from day to day, she had been in no lack of anything ; but 
he had been altogether sufficient. 

In the concluding sitting, she imparted much solid advice, particu- 
larly to elders, whom she compared to the golden snuffers under the law, 
that were made of the same beaten gold with the lamps ; and remarked 
that if a proper use was made of the snuffers, by taking away that which 
dimmed the lustre and was superfluous, the light would burn and shine 
clearer and brighter. But some were so fond of snuffing, that they at 
length wasted the life of the candle, and had sometimes put it out." 12 

The estimation in which she was held is shown also by " A 
Farewell to Rachel Wilson," by John Drinker, then Clerk of Phila- 
delphia Yearly Meeting. It is written in verse and extends to 
ten stanzas, forty lines in all. The spirit pervading the lines is 
commendable, but it is evident that the author lacked the poetic 
gift; one stanza will suffice. 

" Cloth'd with the love that makes the lily white. 
Thy fervent labors, Wilson, have been bless'd, 
Or this FAREWELL had never seen the light, 

Nor thus a fellow worm had thee address'd." ^^ 



^2 Comly's " Miscellany," viii, pp. 221, 222. 
^^ Comly's " Miscellany," iv, 239. 



34 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

The exact date of her sailing cannot be given, but it was 
early in the Eleventh month, 1769, as implied in the following 
letter of her husband : 

ISAAC WILSON TO JOHN PEMBERTON. 

Kendal, 22d of 3d mo. 1770. 
Dear Friend: — 

Thy favor of the i8th of nth mo. last which came to hand some 
time ago, ought not to be passed over in silence, as it was expressive 
of so great regard for my dear wife and anxious desire for her safe 
passage across the great ocean, again to be favored with meeting the 
tender connections she had left behind, which for a season had been 
suspended for the cause's sake which in due time was accomplished to 
our mutual joy and rejoicing, of which I doubt not our valuable friends 
on your side the water will be apprised before this time and that the 
account will be truly acceptable. I hope our rejoicing on this occasion 
has not been without fear and trembling which has covered some of 
our minds, at times, under a sense of the many preservations both by 
sea and land and how wonderfully she was furnished with abihty both 
inwardly and outwardly to get through the arduous engagement in so 
short a time, much less than I expected at her setting out. ... It is now 
about three months since my dear reached her own habitation in less 
than six weeks from the time of her leaving Philadelphia, and since her 
return she has been favored with as good a state of health as at any 
time since we first joined hands very little if any impaired in her bodily 
strength which is what I could not have expected, but rather that after 
she had settled at home, she would find the effects of so close and almost 
incessant labor, but very little of this has appeared, and all our family 
have been favored with the like enjoyment which is a blessing highly to 
be prized. . . . 

Both the certificates from your meetings and thy own account as 
an individual, give me great satisfaction to find thereby that her steppings 
along in the service in your parts was so satisfactory to friends and that 
she was so aided to proceed therein and that the renewings of strength 
continued to the conclusion thereof, at least to her own peace and com- 
fort, is a matter of thankfulness to my mind. 

The tenderness and great care extended by friends in order to render 
outward circumstances as easy as possible was doubtless of great service 
to her, of which I retain a grateful sense, particularly thy accompanying 
her so long in her eastern journey, thy brother Israel's lending her his 
own beast in order that she might be well accommodated in that re- 
spect, and Samuel Morton's leaving his family so long to accompany her 



CERTIFICATE OF REMOVAL FOR LETITIA PENN, 1701. 35 

in the long southern journey, all which were very agreeable to her and 
singularly helpful; these, with many other marks of regard she experi- 
enced, will not easily be erased from our remembrance, and I hope your 
reward will be of an higher nature than anything I can do by way of 
return.i* . . , 

Rachel Wilson's own feelings on her return safely home are 
thus expressed in the concluding words of her journal: 

My husband met me at Lancaster, where we parted, and great was 
the thankfulness, that filled both our minds under a sense of the many 
preservations both by sea and land. I found all my children favoured with 
health. My husband had not had one day's illness during my absence, 
nor I whilst on the continent of America.!^ 

" She died, aged 54, in the house of Richard Chester, at 
Stoke Newington, near London, having been a minister thirty- 
six years, and her remains were interred at Bunhill Fields. She 
left eight children, and through them numerous descendants, 
many of whom became devoted Christians, and centers of in- 
fluence, both in the Society of Friends and outside its borders." ^' 

It is evident from all that has come down to us that she was 
no ordinary woman. The verdict of a Philadelphian is no doubt 
true, " She was a remarkably interesting and eloquent speaker 
and was much admired by people of all classes." ^* 



CERTIFICATE OF REMOVAL FOR LETITIA PENN, 
1701. 

From our Monthly Meeting held at our Meeting House in 
Philadelphia the 27th of the 7th Mo. [September] 1701, 

To our worthy & well beloved Friends & Sisters in London, 
Bristol, or wherever these shall come — Grace Mercy & peace 
from God the Father be greatly multiplied amonst you all — 

1* From a MS. copy of the original letter in the Library of the Histor. 
Soc. of Penna. 

-5 " Mem. Anna Braithwaite," p. 45. 
^* The Friend (Philadelphia), xx, 108. 



36 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Amen. — These may certify you that our loving & well beloved 
friend Letitia Penn, intending to cross Seas with her honorable 
Parents, has for good order sake desired a Certificate from us 
& we can freely certify all whom it may concern that she hath 
well behaved herself here very soberly & according to the good 
instruction which she hath received in the way of Truth being 
well inclined courteously carriaged & sweetly tempered in her 
conversation amonst us — & also a diligent comer to Meeting. & 
we hope hath plentifully received of the Dews which has fallen 
upon God's people, to her settlement & establishment in the same 
— she is clear from any engagements on the account of mariage, 
as far as we know, & our desires are earnestly for her preserva- 
tion that she may faithfully serve the God of her Fathers, that 
so her green years being seasoned with grace, may bud blossom 
& bring forth ripe fruit to the praise of God, and the comfort 
of his people, which is the true desire of your friends & Sisters 
in the near relation of the unchangeable Truth. 

Signed in behalf & by appointment of the Meeting. (Copied 
by H. L. 4 Mo. iSii.^) 

Note. — Letitia (1678-1746) was the fifth child of William and Gulielma 
Maria (Springett) Penn. She seems to have been a lively and self- 
willed girl. She is often referred to in Penn's letters as " Tishe." She 
accompanied her father to Pennsylvania in 1699, and insisted on returning 
to England with him in 1701. She married William Aubrey, of England, 
in 1702. Though satisfactory to her father and step-mother at the time, 
William Aubrey was a most troublesome and exacting son-in-law. Penn 
speaks of him as " a scraping man that will count interest for a guinea." 
He died 171 1, and Letitia survived him fifteen years. There were no chil- 
dren. 

After the above certificate was granted, James Logan says, " It was 
discovered of her . . . that she was under engagement of marriage to 
William Masters," some of the signers were so dissatisfied at what they 
had done that it was proposed to retract it. William Penn, Jr., said, 
W. Masters " could prove no engagement." See H. M. Jenkins, " The 
Family of William Penn," pp. 61-66; " Penn and Logan Correspondence," 
i, 128, 130-136. 



There is an incomplete copy in " Penns and Peningtons," p. 399. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 37 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 

Swarthmore Lecture. The Day of Our Visitation. By William 
Littleboy. Published for the Woodbrooke Extension Committee by 
Headley Brothers, Ltd. [London], 1917. 7^ x 5 in., pp. 62. is. 

This little volume, the eleventh of the series, is at once the shortest 
and perhaps the most striking. It is a message rather than a lecture or 
an historical study, and cannot be judged by ordinary canons of criticism. 
It treats of the " Promised Parousia [presence, or second coming] of 
Christ ; The Urgent Call to Watchfulness ; The Work before the Society of 
Friends ; A Personal Appeal ; and a brief Appendix on the Attitude of the 
Society of Friends in regard to the European War." This eloquent and 
able appeal is strongly commended to our readers. 

William Penn, Founder of Pennsylvania. By John W. Graham, M.A. 
Illustrated. London, Headley Bros., Ltd. New York, F. W. Stokes. 
8H X sYz in., pp. 332. 6s, net, $1.75. 

This, the most recent life of William Penn, is for the general reader, 
and indeed for all who wish in one volume to get a fairly well-rounded 
picture of Penn, the best life that has appeared. It is written by a Friend 
who not only approaches his subject from a Friendly point of view, but 
also understands the currents and counter-currents in Quaker history, as 
no outsider could understand them. The author states that " No original 
investigation into MS. sources has gone to the making of this volume," 
but it must be said that he has shown considerable skill as a compiler, and 
that he has produced a well-balanced and interesting work. The defini- 
tive life of Penn will not be written until the great mass of material ac- 
cumulated by Albert Cook Myers is available to students. The character 
of William Penn will always be a subject of controversy. The wide field 
in which he moved ; his strength and his weaknesses ; his clearness of 
vision in most directions ; his curious shortsightedness in others ; his trust- 
fulness in his friends, so great that it became a serious blot ; his states- 
manship, and yet his inability to read character ; his noble adherence to 
freedom of conscience and religious liberty ; his sweetness of spirit, and, 
above all, his deep spirituality, form a character so complex as to make a 
correct representation well-nigh impossible. The author of this Life is 
to be congratulated on the extent of his success. 

The twenty-four illustrations are well chosen, though some have not 
been very successfully reproduced. The text, at the foot of the view, 
"Friends' Meeting House and School" (facing page 191), is an error. 
The buildings represented were in South Fourth Street, not at " Fourth 
and Arch Street," as stated. "Arch Street Meeting House" was not 
built until 1804. The note on page 264 gives the impression that in Penn- 



38 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

sylvania alone among the colonies was there religious toleration ; this is 
incorrect, for in Rhode Island there was complete religious toleration — 
the only colony in which Jew or Christian, unbeliever or heathen had 
equal rights and privileges. The map facing page 128 represents no par- 
ticular period, and so is likely to cause misconceptions. It would have 
been better for it to be strictly early colonial, in which case Vermont, 
West Virginia, and Baltimore would not appear. The account of the 
nomenclature of the streets of Philadelphia (p. 156) is not quite correct. 
The names have been changed several times. Race Street was once 
" Sassafras," and Arch Street " Mulberry," and some others once bore 
different names. The north and south streets were at one time numbered 
from the Delaware River only as far as Broad (the fourteenth). West 
of Broad Street they were counted from the Schuylkill River (" Schuyl- 
kill First " and so on up to " Schuylkill Eighth," now Fifteenth Street) . 
There was no First Street at the Delaware end, Front Street taking its 
place. The change to the present names was made officially in 1853. On 
the same page (156, note) reference is made to a statue of Penn "de- 
picted on the cover of this book," but it is not given there. Chester has 
always been in Pennsylvania, not in the " Lower Counties," as stated on 
page 284, and implied on pages 155, 161. 

The author seems to accept the tradition that the treaty with the 
Indians at Shackamaxon was a general treaty of amity, but there is lit- 
tle or no substantial evidence for this view. An account is given on page 
190 of an interview of Penn with William III., and it is stated that we 
owe this narrative entirely " to Croese.^ Clarkson, Besse, and Janney all 
mention it, but Paget, in his "New Examen" (pp. 340-347), disposes 
pretty effectually of the incident, showing it could not have taken place 
at the time stated. Croese, the authority for the story, was unfriendly to 
the Quakers, and made other errors which the English Friends officially 
corrected. In his account our author conjectures what the word " resent- 
ments " means in a letter which Penn is said to have received from James 
II. Had he been more familiar with seventeenth century English, or had 
consulted the Oxford English Dictionary he would know that in Penn's 
time " resentment " had a good as well as a bad meaning. Here it doubt- 
less means simply his " appreciation," or " what returns " he would make.^ 

The date of Penn's second marriage (p. 237) by a typographical error 
is given as 1655-6, it should be 1695-6. On page 107 Alchntaar would be 

^General History of the Quakers (English translation of 1696), Part 
2, p. 112. For corrections made by English Friends, see Appen. pp. 25-40. 

~ Compare Oliver Cromwell's use of the word in a letter of 4 Febru- 
ary, 1650: "A testimony of very high respect and honour . . . which de- 
serves a fuller return, of deep resentment, value and acknowledgment," 
etc. " Letters and Speeches," Lomax's ed., ii, 180. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 39 

better Alkmaar as more consistent with the spelling of the other names as 
well as more usual. It tends to convey a wrong impression to rank Penn's 
" Fruits of Solitude," and Franklin's " Sayings of Poor Richard " with 
Tupper's "Proverbial Philosophy" (p. 212). The latter is a succession 
of platitudes, while no one can charge either of the first two with that 
fault. The discussion of the "subliminal self" (pp. 89-91) would better 
have been omitted. Not a few Friends would object to the somewhat dog- 
matic statement of " what the Friend means when he speaks ... of the 
Light of Christ within," etc. 

But these errors and oversights are trifling compared with the gen- 
eral excellence of the work. An Appendix, consisting of a " Note on 
Macaulay " ^ and a good Bibliography, a Chronology, and a fairly good 
Index, completes the volume. 

President Wilson, His Problems and His Policy. By H. Wilson 
Harris. London, Headley Bros., 1917. New York, F. W. Stokes. 
7x5 in., pp. 278. 6s, $1.75. 

This volume is by a Friend, a nephew of Dr. J. Rendel Harris. To 
write contemporary biography is always a hazardous undertaking, and 
the question arises whether some modifications would not have been made 
in this volume had the publication been delayed six or eight months. The 
work must be characterized as partaking to a great extent of a panegyric. 
This is neither the time nor the place to do more than notice some imper- 
sonal statements. 

The author shows more than usual knowledge of American affairs 
and makes very few serious errors. He appreciates far more than most 
of his countrymen the importance of our great West. Though his ac- 
count of our system of government is nearly correct, it is clear that he 
does not fully understand it in action, especially in regard to the relations 
of State and Nation legally, politically and in elections. He is naturally 
so taken up with foreign or international relations that he scarcely rec- 
ognizes the importance of many domestic problems ; among these is the 
great and difficult Negro question which is ignored. In fact, domestic 
administration is scarcely touched upon. He is in error in thinking that 
our Ex-Presidents are " an embarrassment." ^ Hayes, Cleveland, Harri- 
son, and Taft have been, each in his own way, very useful citizens, while 
John Quincy Adams performed his greatest service when an Ex-President. 
He is in error in ascribing, as he seems to do, the introduction of the 

3 In this note Paget's " New Examen " is called " quite a small book," 
hardly a correct designation of a volume of 398 pages. This work of 
Paget also forms a part of his " Paradoxes and Puzzles," London, 1874. 

1 It is certainly allowable to ask why they should be a greater em- 
barrassment than a British Prime Minister is in England. 



40 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

" Group Elective System " in university education to the influence of 
Princeton. It was due to Johns Hopkins University which adopted it in 
1876, twenty-five years or more before Princeton. Bryn Mawr College 
also, and others long antedated Princeton in this. It is not true that " the 
voter backs his party ticket solid." The author fails to recognize the 
power of the independent voter or how often he has used this power, par- 
ticularly in State and local elections. Indeed, in the last Presidential 
election there were many instances of independent voting which exercised 
great influence. He greatly overestimates the value and work of " Pri- 
mary Elections," and apparently is not aware of the increasing doubts 
of their advisability. The Index leaves a good deal to be desired. The 
book as a whole is an interesting study and reflects credit on the author. 

The Religions of the World. By George A. Barton, Professor of 
Biblical Literature and Semitic Languages in Bryn Mawr College. Uni- 
versity of Chicago Press, Chicago [1917]- 8x5 in., pp. xi, 349. $1.50. 

This volume is one of " The University of Chicago Publications in 
Religious Education — Handbooks of Ethics and Religion." Like all the 
books of the author, it is a scholarly work. It presents the most recent 
views of the various subjects treated. Its scope is extensive, its two ex- 
tremes being Primitive Religions, and Christianity. It seems to be in- 
tended for somewhat advanced students, and is provided with references 
for " Supplementary Reading," lists of "Additional Books for the Use of 
the Teacher," " Topics for Further Study," etc., and an " Outline of a 
Book to be written by the student." There is a full Index. 

The Annual Monitor for 1917. From October i, 1915, to September 
30, 1916. John Bellows, Gloucester, 1916. 5H x zYz in., pp. x, 189. 2s. 

This is the 105th issue of this little annual. With the exception of 
Professor George Henry Emmott, for a number of years a Professor at 
Johns Hopkins University, and Dr. Silvanus P. Thompson, the physicist 
of world-wide reputation, few names will be familiar to American Friends. 
There is, however, the record, as in previous years, of the faithful service 
of many. A sad and unfamiliar note is in the Preface: "In the past two 
years, since the commencement of the War, we have had to record the 
deaths of several members of our Society who have given their lives at 
'the Front' in their country's service. This year the number of such 
has sadly increased, there being upwards of thirty recorded in this vol- 
ume." There are twenty-two excellent portraits. 

Chronicles of Pennsylvania from the English Revolution to the Peace 
of Aix La Chapelle, 1688-1748. By Charles P. Keith, author of " Provin- 
cial Councillors of Pennsylvania," etc. In two volumes. Philadelphia, 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 41 

Patterson, White Co., 1917. Two volumes, 10 x 6^ in., pp. viii, 981 
(paged continuously). Price, $5.00. 

This work has been received too late for more than a brief notice. 
The question naturally arises, why was not the work begun with 1681 ? His 
previous books have shown that the author is well equipped for such a 
work as the present. In his work the Quakers play an important part. 
Even a casual review indicates that exception will be taken to not a few 
of his statements. There is a regrettable lack of references to authorities 
and sources. 

Early Philadelphia. Its People, Life and Progress. By Horace 
Mather Lippincott. With a Photogravure Frontispiece, and 119 Illustra- 
tions. Philadelphia and London, J. B. Lippincott Co., 1917. (Limited 
edition printed from type.) 9^ x 6 in., pp. 340. $6.00. 

This handsome volume contains much of interest. The numerous illus- 
trations are well selected, and unusually well reproduced. The work, like 
Watson's Annals, is topically arranged, a system which necessarily in- 
volves more or less repetition. There is evidence of considerable search 
for material, but the work cannot be called historical, for fact, fiction, and 
tradition are almost indistinguishable and few authorities are given. This 
is to be regretted, as the work will be quoted as an authority by some read- 
ers. The title of the book is somewhat misleading, for some matters of 
comparatively late date are included, as, for instance, the Philadelphia 
Club, founded in 1833, and the history of cricket in Philadelphia. 

In a brief review like the present it is natural that errors rather than 
excellencies should be noticed. The following may be pointed out: 
" William Sewell " (p. 15) should be " Sewel ; " the Quaker printer spelled 
his name " Crukshank," not " Cruikshank " (pp. 45, 220) ; Ann Warder's 
account of the dress of Friends (p. 53) is repeated (p. 66). Did the 
Quakers ever claim Benjamin Franklin as one of their number (p. 7^) ? 

The incident narrated on page 277, is attributed to " Captain Whitall," 
without the slightest authority, and those who were intimate with Cap- 
tain John M. Whitall (1800-1877) know that the story is wholly incom- 
patible with his character. Moreover, he can in no sense be ranked, as he 
is, with " early Quakers." His descendants will resent the ascription of 
the story to him. Independently of the wrong ascription, for the author 
to style such an anecdote, "A story characteristic of the temperament and 
training of early Quakers," is to do the early Friends the greatest injus- 
tice. The author knows little of Quaker history if that is his real opinion. 

The notice of Benjamin West (p. 6y) is based on Gait's Life of Ben- 
jamin West,i which has, with much justice, been characterized "as con- 
taining more mythical incidents than any book, purporting to be historical, 

1 Life of Benj. West, by John Gait, London, 1816. 



42 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

published during the nineteenth century." 2 Benjamin West liked to speak 
of himself as a Quaker, but he never was a member with Friends. His 
father, though of Quaker birth, was not a Friend when he came to Amer- 
ica, and his mother was disowned about the time of her marriage or ear- 
lier. His father joined Friends in 1759, twenty-one years after the birth 
of his son Benjamin. The story given of the action purporting to have 
been taken by Springfield Meeting in regard to the artistic efforts of the 
youthful West is apocryphal on the face of it. The so-called address of 
John Williamson was doubtless the work of Gait himself who knew how 
to tell a good story.^ 

The author evidently likes to tell a good story himself, but he has 
not been careful enough to investigate sources. It requires courage to 
spoil traditions, especially those which are attractive and which have been 
often repeated, but the true antiquarian and chronicler " sets his teeth and 
goes ahead ; " gives the story, it may be, but classifies it relentlessly. 

What is Quakerism^ By Edward Grubb, M.A. Published for the 
Woodbrooke Extension Committee. London, Headley Bros., Publishers, 
Ltd., 1917. 7^ X 454 '"•> PP- 244. 2s. 6. 

This book deserves a longer notice than is possible to give. The au- 
thor meets an obvious criticism by saying in his Preface, that he " has 
written throughout from the standpoint of an English Quaker and has 
made little or no attempt to indicate the rather different positions of the 
various bodies of Friends in the United States and Canada." 

There may be different opinions regarding the author's treatment of 
the various subjects presented, but there can be but one opinion as to the 
general fairness and tolerance of his book. His explanation of the In- 
ward Light is clear and helpful. " Faith in the Inward Light [does] not 
mean that everyone must do that which [is] right in his own eyes, and 
that there [is] no common moral standard (p. 41)." "The Inward Light 
of the Quakers . . . was the light in their souls of the living Christ, and 
they never intended to separate this from the life and character of Jesus 
when on earth (p. 126)." 

The chapters on the philanthropic, social, educational and mission- 
ary enterprises are valuable. The author's remarks on socialism de- 
serve thoughtful attention. His conclusion that socialism as yet offers 
no clear alternative to the present system is based on substantial founda- 
tions. The chapter on " The Present Outlook " is suggestive. There 
are two useful Appendices and a good Index. 

- H. G. Ashmead, Hist. Chester Co., Pa., cited in Penna. Mag. of 
Hist and Biog., xxxii, 2. 

3 See Penna. Mag., xxxii, 1-30, G. Smith, " Hist. Delaware Co., Pa., 
p. 5-12; Futhey and Cope, "Hist. Chester Co., Pa., p. 761; Bulletin 
Friends' Histor. Soc, iii, 50. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



43 



NOTES AND QUERIES 



Samuel Rowland Fisher. — 
" The Journal of Samuel Row- 
land Fisher, 1779-1781," noted in 
the last number of The Bulle- 
tin, is continued in the Pennsyl- 
vania Magazine of History and 
Biography, Vol. XLI, No. 2. As 
an account of a conscientious ob- 
jector of the American Revolu- 
tion it has special interest at the 
present time. 

Journal of the Friends' His- 
torical Society. — Since the last 
issue of the Bulletin, two num- 
bers of the Journal have ap- 
peared. Vol. XIV, Nos. 2 and 3. 
As usual, the pages are replete 
with Quaker information. One 
of the most interesting papers is 
that in No. 3, " A Private View of 
London Yearly Meeting in Ses- 
sions of 1818 and 1825." 

Lecture on the Quakers. — A 
volume, recently issued by the 
Harvard University Press (1917), 
entitled, " The Religious History 
of New England," is made up of 
lectures delivered under the aus- 
pices of the Lowell Institute. 
Among these is one on " The 
Quakers," by Dr. Rufus M. Jones. 
It is in his usual excellent style, 
but is not as strictly historical as 
could be wished. It covers pages 
179-201. 

Cotton Mather and William 
Penn.— The old "Cotton Mather 



Hoax " has come up again, and 
again it has to be denied. A cor- 
respondence relative to the matter 
appeared a few weeks ago in the 
columns of the Public Ledger, of 
Philadelphia, and of the New 
York Evening Post, October 9, 
1917. For the complete answer to 
this perennial hoax, see Bulletin, 
Vol. I, 89 ; Vol. 3, 148. It is again 
denied by Worthington C. Ford in 
the New York Evening Post, Oc- 
tober II, 1917. 

Isaac Sharp. — An "apprecia- 
tion " of Isaac Sharp, for twenty- 
seven years " Recording Clerk " 
or Secretary of London Yearly 
Meeting, appeared in Friends' In- 
telligencer, Philadelphia, Eighth 
month 25, 1917. It was illus- 
trated by an excellent portrait. 
Every one who is acquainted with 
Isaac Sharp will unite in the 
words of appreciation. 

Since the above was in type the 
sad news of the death of Isaac 
Sharp, Tenth month 9, 1917, has 
reached us. 

Sandy Spring Meeting, Mary- 
land. — A brief, but interesting ac- 
count of this meeting by Mary 
Bentley Thomas is given in the 
Friends' Intelligencer, Philadel- 
phia, for Ninth month 8, 1917. 
Several instances of dealing with 
offenders are given with " testi- 
monies of disownment." At 
Brookeville, four miles from 



44 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



Sandy Spring, President Madison 
and some of his Cabinet halted in 
their flight from Washington 
(Eighth month 24, 25, 1814), 
which became, as it were, a tem- 
porary capital. The Sandy Spring 
neighborhood has always been 
progressive; it was one of the 
very first rural communities in the 
United States to have a local tele- 
phone system, and has always 
been distinguished for good 
schools, and excellent farming. 
It was once a large settlement of 
Friends, and though their num- 
ber is much lessened, a strong 
Friendly influence remains. The 
neighborhood is, however, still 
without railroad facilities, the 
nearest railroad being twelve 
miles distant, and there is no trol- 
ley system within several miles. 

A Letter of William Penn. — 
The Dial (Chicago) for Septem- 
ber 13, 1917, in its " Notes for 
Bibliophiles," prints a letter of 
William Penn dated "Pall Mall, 
my birthday, 14th of 8th mo. 
1709," to James Logan. The let- 
ter is a long one, and shows more 
irritation than is often the case 
with Penn. 

The letter is intended to be 
given verbatim et literatim, but 
there are several obvious errors 
in transcription. The letter was 
recently purchased by John L. 
Clawson, a collector, of Buffalo, 
N. Y. 



Still Another Cotton 
Mather-Penn Hoax. — Albert 
Cook Myers contributes to the 
Philadelphia Evening Bulletin of 
September 22, 1917, a forged let- 
ter, which, he says, appeared in 
England in 1907, purporting to be 
from Cotton Mather. It is ad- 
dressed to " Master John Hutch- 
inson," and dated " Boston Dec. 
ye 20th, 1682." It is concerning 
the attempt " to waylaye ye ' Wel- 
come ' with W Pen aboarde." 
This letter, as Albert Cook Myers 
points out, is a sequel to the old 
hoax. It is a transparent for- 
gery, and is only mentioned here 
to warn the unwary reader. 

Galt's " Benjamin West." — 
Charles P. Keith, in his " Chroni- 
cles of Pennsylvania," noticed 
elsewhere in this number, makes 
use of Gait's story of Springfield 
Meeting and the youthful West 
(PP- 135, 136). It is another in- 
stance of how hard it is to correct 
errors, oversights, or fictitious 
statements that once get into 
print. (See page 42 of this num- 
ber of the Bulletin.) 

Hannah Callow hill Penn. — 
The criticism in Keith's " Chroni- 
cles of Pennsylvania " regarding 
William Penn's second marriage, 
and of Hannah Callowhill herself 
(P- 369), is decidedly open to 
question, and will scarcely be ac- 
cepted by many as just. 



Volume 8, No. 2 Fifth Month (May), igi8 

Bulletin of 

Friends* Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

John Kinsey (1693-1750), II (Concluded) Isaac Sharpless 46 
American Indians and tiie Inward Light, Rayner W. Kelsey 54 

Address at the Centennial Celebration of Twelfth Street 
Meeting House, Tenth Month 25, 191 2, 

Joshua L. Baily 56 

Origin of the Quakers at Sandwich, Massachusetts, from 

Diary of Ezra Stiles (1755-1794) - - - -66 

"Christopher's Hollow" _ _ . Asa S. Wing 68 

Samuel and Mary Bowne, of Flushing, and Their Friends, 

III (Concluded) - - - Allen C. Thomas 70 

Annual Meeting of Friends' Historical Society - -77 

Books of Interest to Friends - - - - - 79 

Notes and Queries _-__--- 84 



Note. — The editor does not hold himself responsible for any state- 
ment made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the Bulletin should be addressed to Allen C. Thomas, 
Haverford, Pa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary-Treasurer, 
24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, jti.oo per annum. All members receive the Bulletin free. 



46 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

JOHN KINSEY.— 11. 
1693-1750. 

That the Governor's threat to drive Friends from the Assem- 
bly was not purely an empty one, is shown by a letter which he 
wrote to the English Government, considerably misrepresenting- 
the situation, and recommending that all Quakers be made ineligi- 
ble to official situations. This was intended to be private, but a 
friend of the Assembly got possession of it in England, and sent 
a copy to Philadelphia. Great was the wrath of the men who for 
half a century had felt themselves responsible for the conduct of 
affairs, and under whose management had developed the most 
thriving Province of the new world. 

The " Gentlemen's Party," which was the title that the Gov- 
ernor's friends took to themselves, also girded themselves for the 
contest, and in the fall election of 1742 there was a great street 
fight in Philadelphia, the actual participants of which were a num- 
ber of sailors for the Gentlemen's Party and a bunch of hard- 
fisted Germans for the Quakers. It is unnecessary to add that the 
Quakers triumphed both in the street contest and at the polls, and 
rather increased than diminished their great majority in the 
Assembly. 

They also struck the Governor at another point. He was 
promised a salary by the Penns, whose agent he was, but this sal- 
ary had to be voted by the Assembly. During the stringency of 
the contest the Assembly always forgot to place such an item in 
their appropriation bills, and for several years he nursed his wrath 
in poverty. But being now beaten at the polls he showed signs 
of yielding. He signed a bill which he had hitherto opposed, and 
a little salary was granted him. He signed another and the As- 
sembly began to feel still more generous. Finally he gave way 
altogether, and all his arrears were paid. He got along very 
pleasantly with the Assembly during the rest of his official career. 
He was completely tamed. 

The net results of the contest were a large increase of liberty 
for the people of Pennsylvania ; the perfect maintenance of their 
anti-martial principles ; the defeat of the Gentlemen's Partv at their 



JOHN KINSEY (1693-1750). 47 

own political game; the increasing strength among the people of 
the Quaker leaders in government ; the triumph of economy and 
simplicity in the management of public affairs. John Kinsey's 
letters, full on the one hand of pious reflections, and on the other, 
of adroit political argument, had carried the day. The " Country 
Party," as his friends were generally called, had become supreme. 
One by one the claims of the Proprietors — who were now farming 
Pennsylvania for what they could get from it, in a very different 
spirit from that of their high-minded father — were cut down. The 
possibility of gaining political ends without the sacrifice of prin- 
ciples was beginning to answer the taunt of Governor Thomas that 
their theories were inconsistent with government. In 1747 Benja- 
min Franklin writes of the Friends as " that wealthy and power- 
ful body of people who have ever since the war governed our elec- 
tions and filled almost every seat in the Assembly." Evidently 
they were good politicians, and the contest with the Governor had 
resulted in a strengthening of their lines. 

The Spanish War did not last long, but others came. The 
Governor used his authority as Captain-General to organize a vol- 
untary force said by Franklin to consist of io.cx)0 men. On this 
the Assembly took no action. At various times the Governor 
asked the Assembly to aid in warlike expeditions and measures. 
On their part the Assembly frequently reminded the Governor 
that they were unable to vote any money for warlike purposes, and 
personally would contribute nothing in the way of service, but 
that they were loyal subjects of the King and acknowledged their 
obligations to aid in his government. Had they granted regular 
aid, war or no war, their position would have been greatly 
strengthened, but being given " for the King's use " in direct 
response to a call for military assistance, knowing perfectly how 
the money was to be expended, they cannot be excused from the 
charge of a certain amount of shiftiness. 

The effect, however, was to save their fellow-members in the 
Province from compulsory military service, and from direct war 
taxes. They thus shielded the consciences of sensitive Friends, 
preserved their charter from Court attack, broke down the worst 
evils of proprietary pretensions, and secured large additions of lib- 



48 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

erty. Whether or not the partial sacrifice of principle, if so it 
was, was too high a price for these advantages, was differently 
decided in those days, and will be to-day. An unbending course 
would but have hastened the inevitable crisis. 

Matters went on in this unsettled way through the remaining 
years of John Kinsey's Speakership. The Assembly would ap- 
propriate money " for the King's use," and the King through the 
Governor would use it for warlike purposes, as all taxes in all 
lands have been used. If there were a direct tax asked for a 
definite military purpose it would be refused. Up to 1750 the 
Friends under Kinsey's leadership were reasonably consistent. 
Afterwards the difficulties increased, and after 1756 they gave it 
up and refused memberhsip in the Assembly. 

On the death of David Lloyd in 1731 the position of Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court was offered to Isaac Norris, the 
elder, who declined. James Logan was then appointed, and he 
held the post till 1739. Jeremiah Langhorne followed him till 
1743, when John Kinsey was appointed, and with him the line of 
Quaker Chief Justices ended. There is so little one can glean 
from the records of the doings of any of these men in this capacity 
that the history of the court and the competency of the Justices 
is largely a matter of inference. Logan had never had a serious 
legal education, and probably this was not demanded by the times. 
Kinsey was a lawyer of great learning, skill and probity, and the 
honor of the court doubtless did not suffer in his hands. 

During these years he performed other public services of 
value. The continuous discussion with Maryland over the 
Boundary Line developed finally into a " war." A militia captain 
and surveyor in the interests of Lord Baltimore and Governor 
Ogle drew around him a band of ruffians, and in 1730 made an in- 
vasion into York County, driving out those who claimed allegiance 
to the Penn government. John Kinsey and Samuel Preston were 
appointed Commissioners to visit the Governor, asking that hos- 
tilities cease and that a temporary arrangement as to citizenship 
should be made pending a permanent settlement. Some progress 
was made, but the Maryland commissioner got Governor Ogle 
away from " the seductive influences of the Pennsylvania Com- 



JOHN KINSEY (1693-1750). 49 

mission," and he left town without notice. The Pennsylvanians 
came home without accomplishing anything definite, but the 
" war " did not continue and the way was cleared for the future. 

During the Speakership of John Kinsey a burning question 
was the issuance of Bills of Credit to be used as money. This was 
frowned upon by the Proprietors and by the English Government, 
but in a new country which imported so much more than it ex- 
ported, the gold and silver were drained and the people had to re- 
sort to barter, to their great inconvenience. To meet this diffi- 
culty the Assembly had authorized loans upon land and plate of 
ample security, and upon this the bills had been issued. They 
never depreciated, and this could probably be said of the paper 
money of no other colony. The land was rising in value, and 
when orders came to call in the bills and Governor Thomas pre- 
sented the directions to a special session of the Assembly, there 
was universal disapproval. They refused to withdraw the bills 
already out and insisted on reissuing them when matured. To 
issue such bills was the popular method of raising revenue for the 
Province, and though in general this was a dangerous policy, it 
was so carefully guarded that it worked well in Pennsylvania. 
John Kinsey was the great defender of the issue, and was for a 
long time a Trustee of the Loan Office which had charge of it. 

His contest in this matter and his efforts to avert war, made 
him popular in the province, not only among the Friends and their 
close supporters, but also among the great mass of German voters. 
In a community with only a few Friends these voters would often 
select one as their representative, and the Friends always had a 
three-fourths majority in the legislature. In 1741, in the midst 
of the controversy with Governor Thomas, a serious effort was 
made to divert these German voters from the Quaker alliance. 
Conrad Weiser, the Indian interpreter, a man of great and 
deserved influence among them, wrote a serious address, telling 
them how deficient the Friends were in their " rendering tribute 
to Caesar," and asked them to send in men who would do as the 
Governor wanted. The letter was widely circulated, but Kinsey's 
hold was unshaken and the Germans stood faithfully by their old 
friends. 



50 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

The dispute between the Governor representing the Proprie- 
tors and the Assembly became in time very complicated. The 
Governor wanted money for war with the French and Indians. 
The Assembly refused. He wanted any money " for the King's 
use " raised by taxes. They demanded Bills of Credit. He 
wanted the Proprietors' property excluded from all taxation. 
They insisted that such property should stand with others. He 
wanted his salary. They declined to vote it while he was unsatis- 
factory to them. They demanded a knowledge of his instructions, 
for they were tired of working in the dark. He declined to show 
them. They wanted to have complete political rights even though 
they would not swear or fight. He insisted that such principles 
were subversive of government. They demanded pay to the mas- 
ters for the indentured servants who had joined the militia with- 
out serving their full time. He balked seriously at the sugges- 
tion. Through this complex maze of difficult problems, John Kin- 
sey steered his party wisely, unitedly and victoriously. 

John Kinsey had his share in making the honorable history of 
the treatment of the Indians by the Friends of Pennsylvania. The 
days of trustfulness by the red men were over. They had seen 
too much of the vices and greed of many of the settlers to repose 
entire confidence in them. They had learned, too, that there were 
two tribes of white men, the French and the English, who were 
eagerly bidding for their friendship. They were inclined to keep 
peace with their neighbors of the Province and good treatment 
would cement this inclination into an indissoluble bond. The 
Quaker Assembly voted willingly large appropriations for Indian 
presents. It meant also not to allow settlers on their lands, and 
to keep fire water from them. But the Penns and the Governor 
wanted their land for sale to settlers and cheated and debauched 
the Indians to secure some infamous titles. The iniquitous 
" Walking Purchase " of 1737 and the enforced banishment of the 
Minisink Indians from their ancestral home in the " Forks of the 
Delaware " gave a very ugly complexion to Indian attitude. Had 
the Quaker Assembly had their way, the desolating wars preced- 
ing the Revolution would almost certainly have been avoided and 
the seventy years of peace been extended by twenty more. 



JOHN KINSEY (1693-1750). Si 

It would have been better for the Indians if a white man had 
never set foot upon the Province. Their conversion to Christian- 
ity, which had been cherished by Penn and his friends as a solu- 
tion of the race question, had practically been abandoned. It was 
better to feed them than to fight them, but white avarice and white 
disease were fast demoralizing them. They had not learned to 
take kindly to reservations, and were powerless against the on- 
coming flood of settlers. The Quaker policy would have pur- 
chased their land piecemeal in advance of occupation, and paid 
them enough to satisfy them, or if they refused to sell would have 
kept the whites off the land. But the land belonged to the Pro- 
prietors, who had none of the broad-minded philanthropy of their 
father, and it was necessary to patch up the holes made by their 
shortsighted diplomacy in the Indian relations. 

Their arrangements had been almost wholly with the Algon- 
quin tribes of the Province. But about the time of John Kinsey's 
prominence it became evident that the Iroquois of New York were 
to become a factor in affairs. They claimed the sovereignty over 
the Pennsylvania Indians, were sworn friends of the whites and 
had resisted both the force and the bribes of the French. They 
had saved New York from an invasion from Canada, and all the 
colonies looked upon them with hope as a bulwark against PVench 
aggression. They must be liberally supplied with everything the 
Indian heart could desire. Conrad Weiser and the Governor 
hoped also that they could be persuaded to take French scalps in 
the lake region. 

The first part of the policy was acceptable to the Assembly, 
but they would not countenance war measures. In response to a 
request to furnish funds the Assembly replied, " The Governor 
must be sensible that men of our peaceable principles cannot con- 
sistently therewith join in persuading the Indians to engage in the 
war. If it be thought there be any real danger of the Indians 
deserting the British interests and going over to the French, and 
that to preserve them steady in their friendship further presents 
are necessary to secure them in their fidelity to the Crown of 
Great Britain and amity with the inhabitants of this and the neigh- 
boring Colonies, and the Governor can think his health and busi- 



52 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

ness will permit his negotiating this affair in person, we shall be 
willing to pay the expense to arise by it. 

" John Kinsey, Speaker. 
" Fourth month 24th, 1746." 

The Governor, however, preferred to send a commission to 
Albany, with John Kinsey at its head, to join with agents of the 
other colonies in arranging matters with the six Nations. The 
New Englanders, who felt the brunt of French aggression, wanted 
to force the Iroquois to abandon their role of friendly passivity 
for active warfare, and in this they were encouraged by Conrad 
Weiser who had gone along as interpreter. New York was un- 
decided and Pennsylvania actively hostile to this policy. John 
Kinsey argued that Pennsylvania had no interest in a war and 
would not sanction one unless the legislature acted favorably 
upon it ; that such a war would open hostilities upon all the colo- 
nies ; that other Indian tribes would be drawn in on one side or 
the other ; that if the six Nations were persuaded to go to war by 
white influence it would be cowardly to desert them, and it was 
quite uncertain what the legislatures would do. New York seems 
to have been won by these arguments, and a divided conference 
did nothing, which is what John Kinsey desired. He probably 
averted a general war, or rather postponed it for a decade. 

John Kinsey's useful life ended suddenly on May 12, 1750, 
at the age of 57. He had gone to Burlington, his old home, to 
plead in court, and was there seized with a stroke of apoplexy 
which carried him off in a few hours. 

When John Kinsey died the days of real Quaker control of 
the government ended. The Legislature remained theirs for six 
years longer, and could have so continued had they not insisted 
on resigning when the Governor declared war on the Indians. 
But they had no leader who combined the absolute confidence of 
the meeting with the capacity to mould public opinion, and give 
wise judgment on public affairs. The " Quaker Party " fell 
largely into the hands of Benjamin Franklin, who had sympathy 
with their demands for political freedom, but none for their non- 
military spirit. Their counsels became divided. The successor 
to John Kinsey as Speaker, Isaac Norris, 2d, perhaps equally able 



JOHN KINSEY (1693-1750). 53 

and trusted as a statesman, was more on the fringe of meeting 
activities. The more trusted churchmen were having an increas- 
ing distrust of the influences of public life and a rift developed 
between the political and ecclesiastical Quakers which made 
united action difficult. Whether John Kinsey, had he lived, would 
have been able to guide Friendly activities in politics in harmony 
with conscientious Quakerism, is a matter of speculation. But he 
must be regarded as the last great Quaker political leader. 

There is not much to guide us in forming a judgment of the 
man apart from his external activities. Like the other great 
Quaker Chief Justice David Lloyd he left very little in the way 
of memoranda or letters by which to judge the man. Unlike him, 
however, he seems to have made no enemies and been open to no 
damaging charges. He belonged to a delightful social circle in 
Philadelphia, which John Smith describes so naively in his Jour- 
nal, consisting of the Logans, the Norrises, the Pembertons, the 
Morrises and others who combined broad intellectual sympathies 
with keen business instincts and honest interest in the affairs of 
state, who were the best group of citizens of the city and most 
active in all its developments. How much he was esteemed by 
these is evident from many little references, but by very few direct 
allusions. 

His home after 1735 was " Plantation," an estate of twenty- 
three acres, fronting the Schuylkill, on the east side, near Gray's 
Ferry, the site of the present U. S. Naval Hospital. Here he re- 
tired when his many duties permitted. About two years before 
his death, his son John, a youth of great promise, was killed by 
the accidental discharge of a gun when on a hunting trip for ducks 
on the Schuylkill. This greatly saddened his last years. 

Isaac Sharpless. 



54 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

AMERICAN INDIANS AND THE INWARD LIGHT. 

Count Per Abrahamsson Brahe, intimate friend of King 
Gustavus Adolphus, and for some years a member of the 
Swedish Council of State, was much interested in New Sweden 
on the Delaware River, and in the various problems which the 
Swedes had to face in the New World. 

Johan Printz, Governor (1643-1653) of New Sweden, felt 
that the best way to deal with the Delaware Indians was to kill 
them, and he believed that with two hundred soldiers he could 
" break the necks of every one on the river." Fortunately the 
Swedish government did not countersign such a program, but in- 
stead ordered Governor Printz to convert the Indian nations to 
Christianity. In this connection Count Brahe urged Printz to 
teach the Indians as children and to work on their imaginations 
through the ceremonies of the Lutheran service, for " outward 
ceremonies greatly affect such savage people." ^ 

It is impossible to say how Brahe came to his judgment that 
outward ceremonies would greatly affect the Indians, but his 
statement is mentioned here because it is so at variance with ideas 
long entertained by many Friends. When Thomas Chalkley 
(about 1706) was visiting the Indians on the Susquehanna River, 
Pennsylvania, he told them how Jesus " came to save people from 
their sins, and by his grace and light in the soul shows to man his 
sins and convinceth him thereof." To all of this doctrine the 
Indians gave assent, according to Chalkley, " and to that of the 
light in the soul they gave double assent, and seemed much 
affected by the doctrine of truth." - 

The fact that the Indians gave ready assent to the doctrine 
of the Inward Light, and that it seemed to tally with their spirit- 
ual conceptions was mentioned by many early Friends, and is 
sometimes referred to by Friends of the present day. The con- 
clusion often drawn is that the Friendly message and the Friendly 
type of worship are especially suited to the understanding of the 

1 A. Johnson, " Swedish Settlements on the Delaware," I, 2)77-37^- 

- " Journal of Thomas Chalkley, 1818," p. y2) or Friends' Library, vi, 20. 



AMERICAN INDIANS AND THE INWARD LIGHT. 55 

Indian. It may be that there was something in the Indian's con- 
ception of the " Great Mystery " and in his apprehension of the 
voice of conscience that provided a point of contact between him 
and early Friends. It seems perfectly clear that the early message 
of Friends, coupled with their consistent practice of the Christian 
virtues, made a very genuine appeal to him. Yet, on the whole, 
judging from the history of Friends' religious work among the 
Indians, it would seem that the Friendly message and type of 
worship have not made an extraordinary impression upon the 
Indian's mind and spirit. It is remembered, of course, that for 
the past fifty years the ancient type of meeting for worship has not 
been used at the Friends' Indian missions, except at Tunesassa, 
New York. On the other hand, the effectiveness of the work 
done by other bodies with more " outward appeal " has been often 
noticed by Friends. William Savery acknowledged the real de- 
votion with which the Indians of western New York " sang their 
Maker's praise." Many Friends of many periods remarked upon 
the great hold that the Catholic ceremonies gained upon the 
Indian's mind. In several instances other denominations working 
side by side with Friends had far greater success in winning the 
Indians. In one notable instance a tribe that had been long 
served by Friends and helped much in a material way, was quickly 
won over, almost to a man, by a small sectarian group that made 
its chief appeal through somewhat ostentatious practice of certain 
outward ordinances. 

Much care must be used, many attendant circumstances ex- 
amined, in drawing conclusions from such historical data. Yet 
on the whole it seems safe to say that the religious message and 
method of Friends have not succeeded in any remarkable way in 
winning and holding the Indians. This is entirely apart from the 
very great effect upon the Indians of the Friendly practice of the 
Christian virtues. This is only a pin-point in the greater fact that 
the I'riendly conception of worship without any program has made 
no appreciable headway among the great body of Christians, and 
has been disused by a majority of those who bear the name of 
" Friends " in the world. There seems, indeed, to be a tendency 
recently among " progressive " Friends and other Christians, to 



56 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

recognize the value of silence in worship, but only in conjunction 
with the outward forms ordinarily in use. The present writer does 
not wish to draw conclusions, does not feel sure what conclusion 
ought to be drawn, yet he feels safe in suggesting that the impact 
made upon the world by the ancient type of meeting might now be 
suitably and profitably examined as an historical fact. This is tak- 
ing for granted that the central idea of the typical Friends' meet- 
ing for worship is vitally and essentially connected with the 
Friendly conception of the real inwardness of religion. 

In so far as the impact upon the Indian is concerned there 
is at least a good deal of historical justification for Count Brahe's 
belief that " outward ceremonies greatly affect such savage 
people." 

Rayner W. Kelsey. 



ADDRESS AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 
THE ERECTION OF TWELFTH STREET MEETING- 
HOUSE, TENTH MONTH 25, 1912. 

By Joshua L. Baily (1826-1916). 

I became a member of this Meeting in 1832, when my 
widowed mother and her six children were transferred here by 
certificate from Philadelphia Monthly Meeting. I have some 
recollection of the neighborhood at that time. On the block to 
the east of us — that bounded by Market and Chestnut and Elev- 
enth and Twelfth Streets — there was but one house, and that was 
on the corner of Twelfth and Chestnut Streets. A large part of 
the remainder was covered by great trees. Near the centre, how- 
ever, there was a broad open space where clay was being exca- 
vated and moulded into bricks. These bricks were burned in a 
kiln on the same block, and were used in the erection of four rows 
of houses — all extending from Eleventh to Twelfth — one row on 
Market Street, consisting of stores built on granite columns, and 
on Chestnut Street, what was at that day considered the finest 
block of private residences in the afterward city — and two other 



ADDRESS AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 57 

rows of dwelling houses, one on either side of a new street opened 
through the centre of the square and named Girard in honor of the 
owner. 

Many Friends' families lived within short distances from the 
meeting-house ; a number lived on Chestnut and on Walnut Street, 
and some of the most spacious residences of Friends were on the 
north side of Market Street west of Ninth Street. Several on the 
cross streets were also largely occupied by our members, but Arch 
Street on both sides was the favored locality with the great major- 
ity. Now all the localities here named are given up to business. 

In the yard on the north side of the meeting-house were two 
ancient willow trees (long since removed), and in a flourishing 
condition at that time was the elm tree whose lifeless trunk still 
stands just inside the brick wall near the south entrance — a sad 
and silent memorial of the early days when its wide-spreading 
branches covered the eastern part of the yard, and extended nearly 
to the line of the houses on the opposite side of the street. This 
tree which is a scion of the Treaty Elm at Shackamaxon, was 
planted here by Lindzey Nicholson, a member of the building 
committee, under whose superintendence this house was erected 
in 1812. 

The three upper rooms in this house (since consolidated in 
what we know as the tea-room) were then occupied by a Friends' 
School, and I had the privilege of membership in the Infant Class. 
I remember very little in connection with this school, but this I 
do remember most vividly, that the excavation of the clay and the 
moulding of the bricks which was going on upon the other side 
of the street, and which I have already mentioned, was a most 
alluring source of entertainment to the boys and girls in the inter- 
vals between school hours. 

A First-day School was also held in these rooms, wiiich I had 
the privilege of attending. Among the teachers I remember were 
William M. Collins, Charles Yarnall, Marmaduke C. Cope. Susan 
Longstreth and Rebecca Singer — afterward by marriage Rebecca 
Collins, who was subsequently a beloved minister of this Meeting. 

The property adjoining the meeting-house on the north, now 
the site of the William Penn Charter School, was then the spa- 



58 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

cioiis residence of Abraham L. Pennock, and the large garden 
attached was noted for its rare collection of trees and flowering 
plants. Abraham L. Pennock was a prominent member of this 
meeting, and was most conspicuous as an abolitionist. He was 
an active officer of what was known as '' the under-ground rail- 
road " — a group of humanitarians engaged in the hazardous en- 
terprise of assisting and protecting runaway slaves. John G. 
Whittier, who for two or three years resided in Philadelphia and 
was a regular attender of this meeting, although his membership 
was in Massachusetts, was an associate of Abraham L. Pennock, 
and the paper which Whittier then edited, The Freedmen's Jour- 
nal, was the only newspaper published in this city which had the 
courage to espouse the cause of the runaway. 

At the head of the ministers' gallery on this side of the house 
sat Alexander Derken, a minister originally from England — a 
tall and spare man dressed in dark cloth. I do not remember 
any characteristic of his preaching but this one — that whenever 
he quoted any scripture text which had reference to man, it was 
his habit to add " and consequently woman ; " for instance, 
" ' Man is born to trouble as the sparks fly upward,' and conse- 
quently woman." 

Friend Derken kept a small trimming store on the east side 
of Ninth Street above Filbert, but he did not permit business to 
interfere with his religious duties. He was regular in his attend- 
ance of his meetings, and on leaving his shop it was his practice 
to pin a small piece of paper on the closed door containing these 
words, " Gone to Meeting." One of the chief commodities in 
which he dealt was woolen yarn for stockings. In those days 
everybody wore woolen stockings, usually home-made, and knit- 
ting stockings was one of the most conspicuous employments, I 
had almost said, recreations, of our grandmothers. They seldom 
went visiting, even for a call, without taking a bag with them in 
which they carried the knitting needles and balls of yarn. When 
Friend Derken returned from meeting and unpinned the notice 
from his door and opened his shop, he was usually followed by a 
group of women Friends who came to buy yarn. 

Next to Alexander Derken sat two venerable Elders — Ellis 



ADDRESS AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 59 

Yarnall and Thomas Wistar. Ellis Yarnall, the senior by some 
years, was quite below average stature and stooped, while Thomas 
Wistar was portly, erect, and vigorous for his years. In addi- 
tion to this disparity there was a great difference in their attire, 
as Ellis Yarnall wore a suit of dark brown cloth, while Thomas 
Wistar dressed in drab. Each wore long grey woolen hose and 
small-clothes fastened just below the knee by buckles either of 
silver or steel with the addition of a silk bow, while larger buckles 
of like material adorned their low shoes. Ellis Yarnall, by rea- 
son of the feebleness of age, spoke rarely and then but briefly 
in business meeting, while Thomas Wistar was an active partici- 
pant not only in our meetings for business. Monthly, Quarterly, 
and Yearly, but had from earlier years takes a prominent part in 
public affairs. 

One or two of the most eventful incidents of Thomas Wis- 
tar's long and useful career may be mentioned. He was a mem- 
ber of the Citizens' Committee during the scourge of yellow fever 
which visited Philadelphia in 1793. Two other Friends were also 
associated in that self-sacrificing and hazardous service — John 
Letchworth and Daniel Offley. The latter in the midst of his use- 
fulness was seized with the fever and died at the early age of 37. 
Thomas Wistar also took the fever, but was restored to health, 
and with his companion, John Letchworth, was spared for many 
future years of usefulness. 

Thomas Wistar was again in similar service during the 
prevalence of the Asiatic cholera in 1832 when its virulence was 
at its height in Philadelphia. I very well remember that from a 
window in the back building of my grandfather's house on Filbert 
Street above Thirteenth (there having been no buildings at that 
time between his house and the City Jail then on the southwest 
corner of Broad and Arch Streets). I saw the rough boxes con- 
taining the bodies of the victims of this pestilence carried out for 
burial — and I remember, too, that at the close of a First-day 
morning meeting, Thomas Wistar spoke of the sad conditions 
then prevalent, and asked the women Friends to remain to desig- 
nate some of their number who would be willing to meet that 
afternoon at the home of Thomas Loyd to make woolen garments 



6o BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

for the prisoners at the City Jail. It was a very unusual exigency 
that suggested this call, but it must be remembered that there were 
no sewing machines at that time, and all such work had to be 
done by hand. 

When Thomas Wistar was a young man of only twenty-three 
years of age, he was associated with Bishop William White, Dr. 
Benjamin Franklin, Dr. Benjamin Rush and other eminent citi- 
zens of Philadelphia in founding the society for the Ameliorating 
of the Miseries of the Public Prisons, and on the death of Bishop 
White, the first president of the society, after fifty years' service, 
Thomas Wistar was chosen his successor in the presidency. 

I have spoken of John Letchworth. He became a member 
of this meeting (Twelfth Street) late in life, and occupied the seat 
vacated by Alexander Derken. He was in feeble health and spoke 
seldom, and then but briefly. One communication was in these 
words, " Make me little, make me low ; make me humble, keep me 
so." 

Soon after the removal of the venerable John Letchworth, his 
place at the head of the meeting was occupied by our late Friend, 
the well-beloved Samuel Bettle, who for about two decades exer- 
cised his precious gift in the ministry to our comfort and edifica- 
tion. Not only in our meetings for worship, but at the bedside 
of the sick, and in the home of the bereaved, he was a messenger 
of sympathy and good cheer. 

Some years ago meetings for worship were held not only on 
First-day mornings, but on the afternoon of that day in this house, 
as well as in all the meeting-houses of Friends in this city. On 
one summer afternoon, as my aunt, the late Mary Ann Loyd, was 
entering the meeting-house yard, she noticed a young man stand- 
ing at the gate. Passing him she went to the door at which she 
usually entered, and was about to pass in when her attention was 
again attracted to the young man, and, retracing her steps, she 
accosted him with the question, " Would he like to go inside ? " 
He replied that he would, and she then pointed him to the door on 
the men's side of the house and told him where to find a seat. At 
the close of the meeting the young man sought my aunt, thanked 
her for the privilege he had enjoyed, said it had been profitable to 



ADDRESS AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 6i 

him and added that he would like to know more about the Friends. 
My present impression is that this was a silent meeting, but on 
that point I regret that my memory is not entirely clear. My 
aunt invited him to accompany her to her house for further con- 
versation. About half an hour later I met him in her parlor 
where he was introduced to me as William U. Ditzler. I further 
learned that he was a resident of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, a tailor 
by trade and seeking employment in this city. William could not 
at that time speak English with any fluency. He was familiar 
with German, but most accustomed to speak in the dialect of his 
home neighborhood, " Pennsylvania Dutch." He was a German 
Lutheran, conversant with the Lutheran, but not with the English 
Bible. He was soon introduced among Friends. Samuel Bettle, 
Marmaduke C. Cope, and others became interested in him, found 
him employment, and ultimately aided in establishing him in busi- 
ness on his own account as a merchant tailor. Many of you know 
the rest. He applied for membership in the Society of Friends, 
and after some delay was received. He became a recognized min- 
ister of the Gospel, and traveled in that capacity in many parts of 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, much to the satisfaction of Friends. 
He was a very sympathetic and acceptable visitor, especially 
among the sick and the poor and in the cell of the prisoner, and 
I believe it may be confidently said of him, " He was a succorer of 
many." 

Near the centre of the middle aisle sat Lewis Walker, the 
last member of our meeting who to my knowledge wore yellow 
top boots. These boots were distinguished by having the yellow 
underside of the leather turned outward forming a band of about 
eight inches in width which became very observable as his small- 
clothes only reached the tops of the boots. He was a flour mer- 
chant on Market Street, of whom I know little more than what I 
have gathered from the Friends' graveyard at Sixteenth and Race 
Streets, where in the rear of the Select School building is a grave 
marked by two stones. The headstone bears the name of Lewis 
Walker and on the footstone is this inscription, " Departed this 
life, 8 mo. 25th, 1854, in the 88th year of his age." 

About the middle of the last century and extending well into 



62 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

its closing years there lived in Filbert Street between Thirteenth 
and Juniper Streets, five Friends' families on one side of the street 
and five on the other side. It was sometimes called Friendsville. 
The most delightful social intercourse prevailed. Without nam- 
ing these individually, I will designate as typical the heads of two 
of the families — Marmaduke C. and Sarah W. Cope, on one side, 
and John M. and Mary Whitall, on the opposite side. Not that 
these Friends were in any other way opposite to each other, for 
they were much united in whatsoever things were true and honest 
and pure and of good report. The social and religious privilege 
of the neighborhood was at times much enhanced by the presence 
of a number of English ministering Friends who made their 
homes, sometimes for long periods, under the hospitable roof of 
the Copes. 

The Friends mentioned were greatly interested in improving 
the condition of the colored people. Both were managers of the 
Institute for Colored Youth, and were among the most active pro- 
moters of the Freedmen's Association. An adult school for col- 
ored people established by John M. and Mary Whitall on St. 
Mary's Street was an instrumentality of great benefit in that part 
of the city, and especially during the Civil War and near its close. 
After the death of his wife, Marmaduke C. Cope removed to Ger- 
mantown, where his beautiful and beneficent life tranquilly ended 
in his ninety-fifth year. 

The life of John M. Whitall was marked by so much that was 
unusual, almost picturesque, that I do not like to pass from it 
without further notice. At the age of sixteen he left school and 
entered upon a seafaring life. His first voyage was from Phila- 
delphia to Calcutta, and in the few following years he made many 
voyages, mostly to ports in the East Indies and China, and very 
soon attained the position of Chief Mate. At twenty-four years 
of age he became the Master of a ship — an East Indiaman — the 
largest that had up to that time ever sailed from the port of Phila- 
delphia. Through all these years he steadfastly adhered to the 
dress and speech and demeanor of a consistent Friend, and al- 
though he must have appeared as a speckled bird among the sea- 
men with whom he mingled, it is his own testimony that he never 



ADDRESS AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 63 

lost but always commanded their respect. At about thirty years 
of age, Captain Whitall quit the seas, married, and entered into 
mercantile business. Afterwards he became a glass manufac- 
turer, in which he was very successful. The large means which 
came to him, he looked upon as the Lord's money committed to 
him for use and not to be buried in a napkin. To his last days 
he was still known among his familiar friends as Captain Whitall. 
It may be said of him without question that few, if any, seamen 
ever left behind a more unsullied record. 

Thomas and Edwin George were two bachelor brothers who 
conducted the iron business at the northeast corner of Twelfth 
and Market Streets. They were members and diligent attenders 
of our meetings. They had also another brother — Jesse — who re- 
sided at Merion, and had two cousins, also bachelors, who, with 
themselves, were owners of large estates in the northwestern sub- 
urbs of the city. Jesse donated a large tract to the city, which 
now forms a part of Fairmount Park, and is known as George's 
Hill. Their joint or several estates were for the most part willed 
either for the establishment or aid of benevolent or educational 
enterprises. 

Speaking of the estates of wealthy members, I must not omit 
to mention one other — Josiah Dawson — another bachelor ; an ex- 
ceedingly modest and unassuming man who left nearly his whole 
estate, said to have yielded about $300,000 to his nephew, Morde- 
cai L. Dawson, another esteemed member of this meeting, with 
directions to dispose of it at his discretion for charitable and edu- 
cational purposes — an important trust which was administered 
with the utmost fidelity. 

Seventy-five years ago there was no more eminent citizen of 
Philadelphia than Roberts Vaux, a member of this meeting, who 
at that time with his two sons, Richard and Thomas, occupied the 
seats at the upper end of the bench in the middle aisle of this 
house. He was educated at the William Penn Charter School, 
then located on Fourth Street below Chestnut, and on leaving 
school in his eighteenth year, he entered for a short time on mer- 
cantile life. But in no necessity to engage in business for a live- 
lihood, and seeing about him so many opportunities for usefulness 



64 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

to others, he made a solemn vow to devote himself to the service 
of his fellowmen, and most assiduously did he keep that vow. He 
was one of the originators of the Association of Friends for the 
Instruction of Poor Children; one of the founders of the Bible 
Association of Friends; one of the founders of the Frankford 
Asylum for the Insane, and was for sixteen years the treasurer 
of this Monthly Meeting. 

At the period we have referred to, nearly all Friends in Phil- 
adelphia were members of the Whig party. Roberts Vaux was an 
exception. He was a Democrat. Party differences and prejudices 
were just as pronounced then, and party lines were as sharply 
drawn as they are now, but these political conditions in no wise 
affected his sympathetic and cordial relations with his fellow- 
members. Instances were quite too numerous to mention in 
which was manifested his devotion to the interests of the re- 
ligious society of which he was a member, as well from con- 
viction as from the Providence of birth. But this denomina- 
tional connection did not set any bounds to his benevolent 
activities. He was one of the founders of the Blind Asylum, the 
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, the Apprentices' Library, the 
Philadelphia Saving Fund and the Pennsylvania Historical So- 
ciety. He was also a manager of the Pennsylvania Hospital ; a 
director of the Girard Trust, a bank director, president of the 
Board of Control of Public Schools ; president of the State Tem- 
perance Society, and secretary of the Philadelphia Society for the 
Ameliorating of the Miseries of Public Prisons. 

Notwithstanding his devotion to so many philanthropic and 
educational objects, he found time for literary and scientific pur- 
suits, for which he had great fondness, and was a member of 
many scientific and literary societies both at home and abroad. It 
is worthy to mention that in all these various relations, he main- 
tained without compromise the dress and speech and demeanor 
which distinguished the consistent Friends of his generation. 

It was at the very zenith of his public usefulness that this 
eminent benefactor of his fellowmen ended his earthly career. He 
died on the 7th of First month, 1836, within a few days of com- 
pleting his fiftieth year. 



ADDRESS AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 65 

Roberts Vaux was a personal friend of Andrew Jackson, and 
gave him active support for the Presidency, and when Jackson be- 
came President, he recognized the loyalty of his friend by ap- 
pointing his eldest son, Richard Vaux, as Secretary to the Lega- 
tion at the Court of St. James's. Richard Vaux was a youth of 
elegant manners and of prepossessing appearance. He had a full 
head of brown curly hair which fell in ringlets about his neck. He 
soon found a place in court circles and was much admired. This 
was before Victoria became Queen of England. She was known 
familiarly among her girl associates as " Vic," while Richard still 
bore the boyish name of " Dick," which he carried with him from 
America; and it was whispered here among the gossipers, much 
to the discomfort of the elder Friends, that " Dick had danced 
with Vic." It must be added in justice to Richard Vaux that he 
did not permit the social attractions to interfere with his official 
duties, which, we are assured, were discharged with credit to him- 
self and to the satisfaction of his countrymen. 

Among the aged Friends who occupied these gallery seats, I 
must not omit to mention, although it must be little more than 
naming them, George R. Smith, Jasper Cope, Thomas Kimber, 
Samuel F. Troth, Marmaduke C. Cope and Charles Yarnall, and 
on the lower seats here, Lindzey Nicholson, whom I have already 
referred to, Robert Smith, the editor of The Friend, commonly 
called for distinction " the square Friend," Charles Ellis, who 
always wore a most benignant smile, William Biddle, Thomas 
Loyd, and William Jones. The residence of William Jones and 
his wife when they lived on Arch Street above Eleventh was, I 
think, the resort of more young people than any other Friend's 
house within our limits. They were so kind-hearted and genial 
and made themselves so companionable to the young, that when 
any were about to be married they were almost sure to ask some 
one to nominate these Friends to be overseers of the wedding, so 
that in time William and Phebe Jones came to be almost a stand- 
ing committee for the oversight of weddings. 

The brief sketches which I have given relate mainly to indi- 
viduals of whom I had personal knowledge. There were many 
others worthy of mention, had time permitted, but these instances 



66 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

will, I think, suffice to indicate the character of a considerable 
part of the membership of this meeting — at least of the men's side 
of the house, to which my field has been limited. 

The memory of these lives is a rich inheritance to be cher- 
ished by us and handed down to those who are to follow. We are 
admonished to be faithful to the duties and obligations of our day 
as they were to theirs. But our obligations are greater as are our 
opportunities, and greater as our facilities for performing them. 
Very limited in their scope were the opportunities and facilities 
of our forefathers. To us the world has become as one great 
neighborhood, and the doors for usefulness stand wide open. All 
mankind are our brethren, and we can have almost instant com- 
munication with them, and whenever we will, we may do them 
good. The world has need of us, and we should rejoice that we 
have " come to such a time as this." 



ORIGIN OF THE QUAKERS AT SANDWICH, MASSA- 
CHUSETTS.i 

" June 2, 1762. This Acco^ I was told by Rev^. Ab"^. Williams 
of Sandwich. Origin of the Quakers at Sandwich. The Town 
settled about 1636 by Ten Proprietors. First Minister came from 
England, his name Mr. Leverech (not Leverett), educated in one 
of the Eng. Universities & Episcopally ordained ; but like Mr. 
Williams of Providence,^ waited for fuller Discoveries & was 
much of the Turn & Cast of the Seekers. His Chh. at first con- 
sisted of about 13 males. He infused this Waiting in Silence & 
Seeking Spirit into his people ; and at last left them and went to 
the West End of Long Island where he died, & his Posterity are 
there to this Day. After he left them they met for Public Wor- 
ship every Lord's Day & contented themselves with Ministrations 

1 From " Itineraries and Other Miscellanies of Ezra Stiles, D.D., 
LL.D., 1755-1794." New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University Press, 1916. 
Pp. 161, 162. 

2 Roger Williams. 



ORIGIN OF THE QUAKERS AT SANDWICH, MASS. 67 

of the Brethren & without a Minister for Ten Years fr. 1640 to 
1650.^ Then they got a Minister. But before this a few with 
Mr. Holder at the head retired & separated from the Congrega- 
tion & assembled in private house every Sabb. to wait in Silence 
for the Discoveries of the Spirit. The Marshal of Plymo. Colony 
disturbed them — upon which they retired to a Dingle or deep 
Hollow surrounded with high hills (called Holder's Hollow to 
this Day) & held their Meeting. Here the Marshall seized Mr. 
Holder & carried him to Plymo. Court where he suffered for his 
Religion. This incensed the whole party ag*- their Brethren and 
ag''. the Legislature for the sanginuary Laws. And being Seekers 
unhinged, of no fixt principles, having no religious Complexion, 
but waiting ; and the Quakers from England coming over in 1655 
or thereabouts and declaring for the Spirit & ag* sanguinary 
Laws, Holder & his party closed in & took their sectarian form. 
Tho' truly the quaker system was not yet fully formed to a Con- 
sistency, they scarcely knew w* they believed. And this is the 
Source of Quakerism in Sandwich. & hence it propagated to Nan- 
tucket. Perhaps Holder's party might consist of about a Quar- 
ter of the people, or 5 or 6 Fam. for I question if [in] A. D. 1650 
Sandw. had above 20 or 25 Families. The Quakers there now 
A. D. 1762 consist of 50 Families. I think I once read in the 
Journal of a Travelling Friend who was in Nantucket about 1700 
& again in 1737 who says that when he was first there in 1700 
there were but a small number of Quakers there, perhaps a dozen, 
but in 1737 were above a Thousand Souls Quakers." * 

Ezra Stiles also gives estimates of the number of Church 
members in New England, among which is. "An Estimate of the 
Numbers of Quakers, Baptists and Episcopalians in New Eng- 
land. 1760." 

3 See Jones. " Quakers in the American Colonies," pp. 25. 57, 58. 72. 

* Thomas Chalkley, who visited Nantucket in 1608 and in 1737 ; his 
own words, under date of 1737, are: "At Nantucket I had been about 30 
Years before, at which Time there were only two Men and one Woman 
who joined with our Friends in Profession, and now it was computed 
there were about 1000 who went to our Meetings." — " Journal of Thomas 
Chalkley," Philadelphia, 1749, p. 293. 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Friends in Rh[ode] I[sland] in 1755 14,000 

Incr[ease] by 1760 2,413 



Out of the Colony 


1760 


16,413 
10,600 




Baptists in Rh. I. 1755 
Incr. by 1760 


27,013 

15,000 

2,587 


27,000 


Out of the Colony 


17,587 
5,220 




Episco[palians] in Rh. I. 
Out of the Colony 


[sic] 23,807 

1,800 

10,800 


24,000 



12,600 13,000 



" CHRISTOPHER'S HOLLOW." 

ASA S. WING. 

[The editor is indebted to Asa S. Wing, of Philadelphia, for 
the following notes regarding " Christopher's " or " Holder's " 
Hollow." Asa S. Wing is a native and now a summer resident of 
Sandwich, Massachusetts, and knows whereof he writes.] 

I have no doubt but that the " Holder's Hollow," referred to 
in Ezra Stiles' " Itineraries," is what we have always known as 
" Christopher's Hollow." The place has been pointed out to me 
ever since I can remember. It is near a by-road which runs 
across from the main road which runs to the Cape [Cod] to the 
Cotuit road running south from Sandwich, and is, I suppose, be- 
tween one and two miles south of east from the center of Sand- 
wich village. It is so overgrown with scrub oaks now that tlie 
lay of the land is not easily discovered from the road. John H. 
Dillingham, in his address. Tenth month 10, 1907, at the 250th 



" CHRISTOPHER'S HOLLOW." 69 

anniversary of the Sandwich Meeting, thus refers to it, " The 
Friends held meetings where they best could — in private houses, as 
over here by this hill at William Allen's, and as tradition says, over 
there in the woods in Christopher's Hollow, which the Society 
ought now to possess and protect from further desecration." And 
before that in an editorial in The Friend [Philadelphia], he 
writes : " We had to postpone an intended walk to Christopher's 
Hollow in the woods where Christopher Holder, in 1657, preached 
from the hillside to an open-air Friends' meeting gathered in the 
hollow before him." ^ 

In " John Wing of vSandwich and His Descendants," some 
account is given of Friends, and the following words are used : 
"After this no one ventured to open his house for the accommoda- 
tion of the preachers, and they were compelled to betake them- 
selves to the fields. Tradition reports that many meetings were 
held at a secluded spot in the woods which from the preacher's 
Christian name, was afterwards known as " Christopher's Hol- 
low," with this foot-note : " This spot is still much venerated, es- 
pecially by the descendants of those ancient contenders for re- 
ligious freedom." The late C. C. Waterman, in a public lecture, 
Seventh month 19, 1881, gave an account of his visit to the place 
some time before : " Several diflferent growths from the stately 
original trees have given place to a thrifty grove of young oaks, 
and the large rock in the center upon which the preacher once 
stood has been moved and devoted to other uses, but the two rows 
of flat stones on the rising ground in front, where his auditors sat, 
are still there as they were placed at first." 

A brief description of the Hollow will also be found in C. F. Holder's 
"The Holders of Holderness " [1903], pp. 68-70; also a photograph of 
the Hollow as it appeared in 1889 (?). The recollections of a visit paid to 
the place about twenty or twenty-five years ago by the editor correspond 
with A. S. Wing's notes. — Editor. 



1 The Friend (Philadelphia), Vol. 76, pp. 409, 410. 



70 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

SAMUEL AND MARY BOWNE, OF FLUSHING, AND 
THEIR FRIENDS.— III. 

( Concluded. ) 

As has appeared from a letter of 1693, already quoted,^ 
Samuel and Mary Bowne contemplated a removal to Pennsyl- 
vania, partly at least on account of the marriage of Samuel 
Bowne's father, John Bowne, with whom the young couple made 
their home. It is not to be wondered at that on both sides there 
was much to make a joint family not a pleasant prospect. It is to 
this that the following letter refers : 



SAMUEL BOWNE TO PHINEAS AND PHEBE PEMBERTON.2 

Flushing ye 13^^^ 6™° 1693. 
Phineas and Phebe 

My dear and honourably Esteemed friends, to you with your dear 
Children does my very dear love flow this day benig [sic] Eminently en- 
gaged there to; dear Phineas thy love and Care over us doth ingage me 
for ever to Love and honour thee as a tender father; my bisiness falls 
in so thick y*^ I belive six weeks will pass before I can Leave it to come 
to see you and to conclude about my concern — I have about twelve Ecres 
of fallow land near redy to Sow my hey to get and sider to make — then 
I hoop to come to you ; my dear and I both long to get out of this house 
& others as much desire to see us out — friends generally are troubled to 
hear of our thoughts of removal — I am not yet fully satisfied concerning 
it but truly desire ye Lord may order and direct me in this Concern — I 
hoop these will find you all in good hellth as wee are — our son grows 
finely — my dear I think rites also to you ; my dear Love to all my dear 
friends as if I named them. 

Soe my dear friends I take leave at present to bid you fare well with 
all, your little ons. I rest your friend in truth 

SamI': Bowne 

About a week later Mary Bowne writes on the same subject : 



1 Bulletin, Vol. VII, pp. 90, 91. 

2 From the original in possession of the editor. 



SAMUEL AND MARY BOWNE, OF FLUSHING. 71 

MARY BOWNE TO PHINEAS AND PHEBE PEMBERTON.^ 

flushing ye 21 of 6 mo 1693 
My very deare and hounered ffriends phineas and pheby P. my ever 
true and never fading Love dearely and tenderly Saluts you and yours 
whom I hope are well in helth as wee are att this present, my deare 
friends I think time long to see you for you are very and deare to 

mee and the very Remembrance of you is exceeding prestious to mee for 
very Honerable are you in my thoughts for you have derely meritted all 
my which ar more then tong can express or pen writ downe — 

my deare friends I do meet with som exercise, my very deare friends 
which casses mee often to think of you with a very deare Rememberance 
and the more exercise I meet with the more I think of you and greatly 
want to be with you I hope it will not be long before I shall see 

you that I may a little un [burden?] myself my dear friends I am satisfied 
you are sensable in mesure how things are with us, a little of that has 
every won for there selvs a yong wife is got and the old wons forgotne 
and now Lords new Lays [?] and comanly such and such are the worst 
to deale with. Lest sed soonest mended, our father and mother very much 
wants to be shut of us and I think the sooner the better. I tell father 
somtimes that both sids are so wery that won would think wee should be 
esely parted which day I greatly long to see. I think to com a long with 
my husband. I thought it would have been before this but bisiness hin- 
ders. So I must be contented, my deare friends I think time long to see 
you. My Little boy grose bravely ... I rest your dutyfuU friend 

Mary Bowne. 

My deare friends this is but a little bit to what I have in 

my bag which must be Loosed when I com to youre house. 

After about a year, more or less, Samuel and Mary Bowne 
appear to have given up the idea of removing to Pennsylvania 
and remained in Flushing, as the following letter will show : 

MARY BOWNE TO PHINEAS AND PHEBE PEMBERTON.* 
Honoured friends fl^^h'"^ ^" 3 of ye X month 16- 

Phinihas and P. Pemberton, my deare friends whom I intirely love 
. . . my deare friends my hart is oftenn sad to think that wee are Lickly 
to settle and still to continue soe fare from you as outwardly and that I 



3 From the original. 

* From the original. The last two figures are missing, but the date is 
certainly 1693 or 1694, probably the latter. 



72 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

cannot see and injoy your company as I would but seeing it is my lot, I 
desire to bee contented with it tho it seems very hard to bee soe far 
seperated from so deare and neare friends or perents for so lick you have 
meen to mee and still are, and I Honour and Esteeme you, youre ceare 
has been beyond my desarts my deare and tenderly beloved perants for 
so I must call you, you have largely mirritted it. I beg of you please my 
deare friends in as much as I must have no hope of seeing nether of you 
which grieves my hart many a time, please my deare friends I once more 
beg of you let mee here from you as often as you can with conveniancy 
not desiring to be so troblesome. Wee are about to build an ordnerey 
house. I think there is about one weeks work don towards it and when 
the Rest will be don I cannot tell, but wee expect to bee in it beefore win- 
ter. I am quite awery of living here in this house, it is not wide an of 
for my husband and his father, hee many times thretnes to turn us out of 
his house, and I do not know but in a short time hee will do it. 

Deare friends these aforesed Lines were writ about a week ago but 
not knowing of any oppertunaty did not finish it. I am stretned of time, 
when an oppertunaty presents from the house by Resen of my Children my 
yongst is a very weekly child and has been from his berth and so is very 
trublesom ; some times I had helpe and som times none. I have not serten 
helpe as yet wee cannot meet with an negro gerell to be bought our boy 
grows indiflferantly his master hops hee will make a good sarvent. . . . 
I Rest youre dutyful and ever loving friend 

Mary Bowne 



Though there is no statement to that effect in the papers and 
memoranda under review, there seems no doubt that Samuel and 
Mary Bowne set up their own home in 1694 or 1695. From this 
time their house became a resting and abiding place for " Public 
Friends," as travelling ministers were called in those days. 
Samuel Bowne spoke in the ministry, and found a sympathetic 
helper in every way in his wife, of whom Samuel Bownas ^ speaks 
in his Journal as " a good mother in Israel." He also speaks of 
Samuel Bowne as having " a fine gift [in the ministry] but not 
very large." ^ 

From manuscript sources we learn that Samuel Bowne in 
1698 accompanied Thomas Chalkley (1675-1741) on one of his 



5 " Life and Travels of Samuel Bownas," London, 1759, p. 131. 

6 Ibid., 117. 



SAMUEL AND MARY BOWNE, OF FLUSHING. 72. 

journeys. During this absence from home he wrote the following 
letter : 

SAMUEL BOWNE TO MARY BOWNEJ 
(Spelling modernized.) 

Dear Wife York « 6th of loth mo. 1698 

My dear love is with thee and my prayers are to our tender Father 
that he will bless thee and our dear children and direct and comfort thee 
in all thy concerns and exercises thou hast to go through. ... I beg of 
thee to spare no cost that may help to make thy Hfe more comfortable. 
Dear Heart thou art very near and dear to me and it is far harder to 
part with thee than it ever was before, but I hope I may return in a 
month's time. . . . We are now waiting to go away. ... I am thy true 
and loving husband Samuel Bowne 

To this letter Thomas Chalkley added the following post- 
script : 

THOMAS CHALKLEY TO MARY B0WNE.9 
(Spelling modernized.) 
Dear Friend and Loving Landlady: 

After kind love to thee with desires to the God and Father of Spirits 
for thine and thy children's welfare in this life and in that which is to 
come — I desire thee, my sister, to keep thine eye to our Heavenly Father 
and he will take care of thee and thine and spread a table both inwardly 
and outwardly and fill both body and soul with his blessings. 

So prayeth thy Friend 

Thomas Chalkley 

Thomas Chalkley also mentions Samuel Bowne in 1725.^" 
Samuel Bownas (1676-1753), a worthy successor of the 
" First Publishers of Truth," first visited America in 1702. His 
comparatively short " Life and Travels " is one of the most inter- 
esting of " Friends' Books." He records visiting Flushing several 

7 From a MS. copy. 

8 " York " is clearly New York, as Thomas Chalkley was there in 1698 
(Journal, p. 22) on his way to Pennsylvania and the south. He makes no 
mention of York, Pennsylvania. 

^ From a MS. copy. 

10 Ed. 1751, p. 171. See note, Bulletin, Vol. VH, p. 85. 



74 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

times. ^^ In 1703, as already referred to, Samuel Bowne accom- 
panied him in a visit to New England. In 1705 or 1706, Samuel 
Bownas records that at Philadelphia Yearly Meeting " which was 
very large," " Sundry of my dear Friends from Long-Island met 
me, in particular my dear Friend Samuel Bowne and his worthy 
wife, who was a good Mother in Israel." ^^ 

He also records meeting Samuel Bowne on his second visit 
to America (1727).^^ 

Another distinguished Friend who visited the Bownes was 
John Fothergill (1676-1744), who, accompanied by William 
Armistead, came to America in 1706. John Fothergill made a 
second visit to America in 1721-1724, and records that on " the 
1st of the seventh month [September, 1723] we came over to 
Long-Island again, to Samuel Bozvne's." ^* Again, on a third 
visit to America he writes, ''The 13th [of 3rd month (May) 
1737] we had a Meeting at West Chester . . . and went afterwards 
to Samuel Bowne's on Long Island who had accompanied me this 
week." ^^ 

These extracts and references show the character of Samuel 
Bowne and his family. But to return to more personal matters. 

It appears that close as was the tie between Mary Becket 
Bowne and the Pembertons she kept up a correspondence with her 
adopted mother in England, Elinor (Lowe) Haydock, as the fol- 
lowing letter shows. The date is torn off, but the reference to 
John Fothergill and William Armistead fixes the year as 1706. 

ELINOR HAYDOCK TO MARY BOWNE.ie 
(Spelling modernized.) 

. . . Although our places in this world be far remote from each other, 
yet herein [that is in the truth] are we truly near and dear to each other 
. . . although our lot in this world be outward separation, yet may we 
have a lot and portion in the Truth ... so that I see no cause of com- 
plaint tho we be separated, I am in my place and station to perform the 
work of my day according to ability given me amongst his people in his 

11 "Life and Travels Samuel Bownas, 1759," pp. 116-121. 

12 Ibid., p. 131. " Ibid., p. 172. 

1* " Account of the Life and Travels, etc., of John Fothergill," Lon- 
don, 1753, p. 169. IS Ibid., p. 271. 1® From a MS. copy. 



SAMUEL AND MARY BOWNE, OF FLUSHING. 75 

church in these parts— I believe my dear Child thou art also in thy place 
— God hath appointed unto thee to be a comfort and succorer unto his 
people in those parts. . . . God Almighty bless thee, dear Lamb, and pros- 
per this work in thy hands. . . . Dear Heart, by these lines thou wilt find 
I am well every way. In a fresh spring of love I tenderly salute thy dear 

husband — You are united in my thoughts Dear Mary I can but take 

notice of thy dutiful respect and kindness in so frequently writing to as 
opportunity [offers]. I am often refreshed in thy lines, altho full of be- 
moanings to hear from me — I must confess not without cause. The 
opportunities of conveyance to thee are often out of my way or of no 
knowledge that by reason of my own weakness, I lie like the impotent 
man of the pool of Bethesda. . . . Dear Heart bear with my infirmities. 
... I am glad to hear of dear John Fothergill and William Armistead 
arrived safe to you. Show them all the kindness you can — they be honest, 
humble men — we honour them for their works sake. Let them know I 
love them much, and pray for their prosperity in the work that their hand 
findeth to do for God in those parts. . . . 

So my dear, having eased my heart a little in these lines, and therein 
in a measure answered thy desire, I shall conclude with a fresh salutation 
of endeared love to you all as if named one by one, and rest thy loving 
affectionate mother 

Elinor Haydock. 

We have another glimpse of Elinor Haydock in a letter writ- 
ten by Jane Biles/^ of Pennsylvania, who was on a visit to Eng- 
land in 1703. 

JAMES BILES TO MARY BOWNE.is 
(Spelling modernized.) 
Dear Mary Liverpool 3 mo. 25, 1703. 

. . . We have seen many faces to our comfort since we saw thine. . . . 
We were at thy dear mother's house. She and her children were well. 
She was inquisitive concerning thee and was glad to hear well of thee. 
We were going to Ireland Wee [spent] First and Second day with thy 
mother and at their First day Meeting and next to Liverpool. . . . 

From thy friend 

Jane Biles. 

But the close union which existed between Samuel and Mary 
Bowne was not to be a prolonged one. She died in 1707 at the 

^'' She was probably the wife of William Biles, a neighbor and friend 
of the Pembertons. ^* From a MS. copy. 



76 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

age of thirty-four, having been married sixteen years. Samuel 
and Mary Bowne had nine children, two of whom died in infancy. 
The youngest of the surviving children was three years old at the 
time of his mother's death. How highly Mary Bowne was es- 
teemed has already been shown, but is confirmed by the follow- 
ing note from Samuel Bownas : 

SAMUEL BOWNAS TO SAMUEL BOWNE.i^ 
(Spelling modernized.) 

Dear Friend Mynhead 22^ of 5*11 mo. 1708. 

The remembrance of the sweet converse which heretofore I have had 
in thy family does at this time draw these Hnes from me ; and I hope that 
they will find thee and thy family in the same enjoyment of health that 
they leave me and my dear wife whose love is to thee and thine tho' un- 
known. ... I sent thy dear wife, my true friend, an Horsewhip with an 
ivory head marked M. B. 1707, which I hope has come to hand. It is one 
of the finest sort, and since she, for whom it was designed, is gone to her 
rest, I would, if it please thee, have it preserved for her daughter Mary,-*^ 
who I hope will succeed her honourable mother in spirit and temper. I 
hope thou by this time hast learned how to take the parting from so hon- 
ourable a mate as thou hadst, who in my judgment has not left her fellow 
behind on the Continent of America. It went very near when I heard she 
was gone. . . . 

Samuel Bowne was again married in 1709 to Hannah Smith. 
There were six children of this marriage. 

He was again left a widower in 1733, and in 1735 married his 
third wife, Grace Cowperthwaite, a widow. Of the years follow- 
ing the death of Mary Becket the compiler of this sketch has no 
data except a letter or two, and the references in the Journal of 
John Fothergill. All these show that Samuel Bowne continued 
to be an earnest worker in the church, and his home a resting- 
place for traveling Friends. He died in 1745, and the following 
entry occurs on the minutes of his Monthly Meeting : " Samuel 
Bowne of Flushing deceased at his own house 3rd mo. [May] 
30th, 1745 in the 78th year of his age — a man serviceable in his 
day — had a public testimony in Meeting, and his House always 
open for the entertainment of Friends." Allen C. Thomas. 

I'' From a MS. copy. 20 she was at this time nine years old. 



ANNUAL MEETING. 77 

ANNUAL MEETING OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL 
SOCIETY. 

The fourteenth annual meeting of Friends' Historical So- 
ciety of Philadelphia was held at 20 South Twelfth Street, Phila- 
delphia, on the evening of Second month 19, 1918. 

After the usual annual reports were presented, several pro- 
posed changes in the Constitution and By-Laws were read, which 
will be considered and acted upon at a future meeting. 

A report of the fourteenth annual conference of historical 
societies, held in Philadelphia on Twelfth month 29, 1917, was 
given by Amelia M. Gummere, who, with Mary Willits Brown, 
attended as representatives of our society. 

Sarah E. P. Mickle, who attended the thirteenth annual 
meeting of the Pennsylvania Federation of Historical Societies 
which was held in Harrisburg on the 17th of First month, 1918, 
read an interesting report of it. 

Amelia M. Gummere informed the meeting of the progress 
that has been made in the preparation of the new edition of John 
Woolman's Journal. 

Additional information has been found which will necessi- 
tate rewriting some of the material which had been prepared. 

The preparation of an appropriate minute in memory of our 
late friend, Joshua L. Baily, who was actively interested in the 
organization of our Society, and served as a Councillor for sev- 
eral years, was referred to a committee. 

The general topic for the entertainment of the meeting was 
" Quakers in France." 

Francis R. Taylor gave some account of " The Forerunners 
of the French Quakers," referring to the period of the conflict 
between the Protestant and Catholic peoples of France in the six- 
teenth and seventeenth centuries. Among some of these spirit- 
ually-minded Protestants, there were preachers who were known 
as the French Prophets. A group of these, who lived near the 
Cevennes, were called the Camisards, or Protestants of Cevennes. 
From this group it is thought the Friends of Congenies are 
descended. 



78 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Some account of the " Early Friends in France " was given 
by Rufus M. Jones. He told of the visit of Sarah Grubb and 
Mary Dudley, accompanied by George and Sarah Dillwyn, to 
Holland, Germany, and France in 1788. John Eliot, an English 
Friend who spoke French, met the company in France and inter- 
preted for them when they were among Friends as Congenies 
and Giles, where meetings were held. Allusion was also made to 
the visit to them by William Savery and David Sands in 1796- 
1797. At a later period Eli and Sibyl Jones, Friends from New 
England, visited this little colony of French Friends. 

Hannah P. Morris followed, giving some account of a visit 
made to Congenies in company with her father, Samuel Morris. 
She made a brief reference to Marie Barnard, and then spoke 
of Justine Dalencourt and her work at the present time in behalf 
of Christianity. 



Officers Serving 1918. 

President — Arthur N. Leeds. 

rr. n -J , f Isaac Sharpless. 
Vice-Presidents ■( . ^^ ^ 

I Amelia M. Gummere. 

Secretary — Mary S. Allen. 

Treasurer — Mary S. Allen. 



Councillors Serving 1917-1918. 

Ellen W. Longstreth, George Bailey, Jr., 

Ellis Y. Brown, Edward Woolman, 

Albanus L. Smith. Samuel N. Rhoads. 



Councillors Serving 1918-1919. 

Francis R. Taylor, Sarah E. P. Mickle, 

Ruth S. Goodwin, Walter Brinton, 

Thomas K. Brown, Alice H. Yarnall. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 79 

BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 

Life and Letters of Thomas Hodgkin, Fellow of University College, 
D.C.L. Oxford, and Durham, D.Litt. Dublin. By Louise Creighton. With 
Portraits and other Illustrations. Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1917. 
gyiSVz in., pp. xiii, 445. 12s. 6d. $4.50. 

To write even a brief review of a book when both subject and author 
are personal friends of the reviewer is not easy. On the one hand, there 
is the fear lest justice be not done to the subject, and on the other hand, 
lest the author do less than justice to himself. In the present case, the 
author's literary skill and judgment have not failed her, while her personal 
knowledge and sympathy have given her narrative that warmth without 
which, however accurate, it would be cold and formal. The family were 
wise in entrusting the biography to Mrs. Creighton. 

To the world at large Thomas Hodgkin (1831-1913) was the his- 
torian; to his family and friends he was a man lovable and loved to an 
unusual degree ; to the Society of Friends he was, certainly until his latter 
years, a quiet, though powerful influence. The historian Hodgkin is ably 
and clearly set forth in his aims, his careful research, his manner of work, 
his completed product. The man himself shines through all — a strong yet 
loving spirit, clear and decided in his own views, but tolerant of those of 
others ; a mind always open to receive, and always seeking new light ; a 
sweet Christian spirit illuminating everything; a household welcoming 
numerous guests ; an ideal family life — such is the picture one receives as 
he reads the book. But the strongest impression left upon the mind of 
the reader is the man himself — integer vitac scelerisque purus, strong of 
will, rich in work and service ; loving in spirit. 

Thomas Hodgkin was an indefatigable worker; besides his opus 
magnum, " Italy and Her Invaders," in eight octavo volumes, and many 
other books, he was a constant contributor to periodicals, particularly those 
of his own church. From the first number of the Friends' Quarterly Ex- 
aminer, 1867, every year saw one or more articles from his pen — essays, 
reviews, poems — seventy-two in all. He was a contributor to the Encyclo- 
pedia Britannica and other works of reference. He wrote for the 
" Leaders of Religion " series, " George Fox " — an admirable condensed 
account of the man and of the rise of the Society of Friends. This 
volume from its broad treatment, its recognition of certain weaknesses and 
its somewhat unconventional treatment of the subject, was not acceptable 
to some Friends, but it remains the most impartial and the best brief ac- 
count of the great Quaker leader. 

American readers of the Life of Thomas Hodgkin will naturally feel 
rather surprised that Thomas Hodgkin seemed to take little interest in 
American affairs or American Quakerism. His mind and interests were 
so fully occupied with his business, his own country, and with British 



8o BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Quakerism, in the present, and with Italy in the past, that with his multi- 
tudinous occupations and the claims of family and friends, no time was 
left for other things. To Americans he was always cordial, and to 
his special American Friends he was warmly affectionate. 

The high cost of the book will prevent a large circulation, and its high 
intellectual and spiritual level will not attract those who desire popular 
reading. But those who read with the heart to understand will receive an 
inspiration. 

It seems almost ungracious to point out any slips, but the name of 
Archbishop Whately is spelled, in the Index and elsewhere, Whateley. 
John William Pease, Thomas Hodgkin's partner, was not the son of John 
Pease, the distinguished minister of Darlington (page 72), but of a first 
cousin, John Beaumont Pease, an Elder in Darlington Meeting. 

A full and excellent Bibliography, two poems, and a fairly good Index, 
complete the volume. 

In conclusion, a word should be said in recognition of the admirable 
fairness with which Mrs. Creighton, a Church of England woman, has 
treated Friends. A. C. T. 

A Book of Quaker Saints. By L. V[iolet] Hodgkin, author of " Pil- 
grims in Palestine," etc. Illustrated by F. Cayley-Robinson. T. N. Foulis, 
London and Edinburgh [1917]. 7^x5 in., pp. xiv, 558. 6s., $2.50. 

This charming book is by the daughter of Thomas Hodgkin, whose 
" Life " is noted above. This book was intended primarily for children 
of nine years old, but as the author herself says, more than half the 
thirty-two stories are for children of a larger growth, and indeed men and 
women can read all with pleasure and profit. 

The stories are all founded on facts for which the authorities are 
given. The background and some of the characters are fictitious, but the 
spirit is true to nature and to character throughout. Most of the stories 
are of the period of the " Early Friends," and have a delicious flavor of 
antiquity. The book begins with the question, "What is a Saint?" The 
whole book is the answer. Perhaps it is allowable to anticipate this much 
of the answer: " Saints must be brave," " Saints must be faithful," " Saints 
must be loving," " Saints must be ' windows ' to let the light through," 
" Saints must be near the source of Light, so as to have the Light in their 
own hearts." 

What is the re-assuring lesson of the book? This is the reply: "In 
this book are written the stories of some of the Saints who did not know 
they were Saints at all; they thought they were just quite ordinary men 
and women and little children, and that makes them rather specially com- 
forting to us, who are just quite ordinary people too." (Page 17.) 

Seven illustrations in color add to the attractiveness of the volume. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 8i 

Friends and the Indians, 1655-1917. By Rayner Wickersham Kelsey, 
Ph.D., Associate Professor in Haverford College. Published by The As- 
sociated Executive Committee on Indian Affairs, Philadelphia, 1917. 8x5 
in., pp. xii, 291. $1.50. 

The Associated Executive Committee of Friends on Indian Affairs 
deserve much commendation for providing for the publication of a his- 
tory of the dealings between Friends and the Indians, and doing it at a 
time when some of those who took an active part in the later general work 
were still alive. No other book than the one under review has attempted 
to cover the field, the only one somewhat similar is the small volume, 
" Conduct of the Friends toward the Indian Tribes, London, 1844." 

The author has made careful research among manuscript and printed 
sources, and has given detailed references to authorities. In fact, the 
work has been done in accordance with modern methods of research and 
composition. Only those who are familiar with the difficulties involved 
can appreciate the amount of labor bestowed. 

As one completes this story of two hundred and sixty-two years he 
cannot help feeling that the relations between the Quaker and the Indian 
were alike creditable to each. 

The general appearance of the volume is attractive. Six portraits, 
three views, good bibliographies, and a very full and good Index, add much 
to the value of the book. 

" I. D. Garner " (page 241, and Index) should be J. D. Garner. It 
seems a pity that no information is given as to where the book can be 
obtained. 1 

Quakerism and Its Applications to Some Modern Problems, etc. By 
O. Edward Janney. [Philadelphia], 1917, Walter H. Jenkins. 7^x5 in., 
pp. viii, 178. $1.00. 

It must be said that this book does not fulfil the promise of its title, 
for it is neither such a treatise on Quakerism as might be expected, nor 
does it set forth a practical application of Quakerism to modern problems. 
It is rather (i) a popular presentation of what the author believes are 
some of the essentials of Quakerism ; and (2) thoughts on social condi- 
tions not specially connected with Quakerism. Being a popular presenta- 
tion a number of rather loose statements must be excused, such as, when 
speaking of George Fox's preaching, he says, " People learned for the first 
time that the clergy was not an essential to salvation." (Page 22.) The 

1 An advertisement mentions that the book can be obtained of Friends' 
Book and Tract Committee, 144 East Twentieth Street, New York City ; 
Central Office, Five Years Meeting, Second National Bank Building, Rich- 
mond, Ind., and Friends' Book Store, 304 Arch Street. Philadelphia. 



82 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

definition of the " Inner Light " would be questioned by many Friends. 
Chapters X, XI, XIV, XV might appear in any book on social conditions, 
as there is scarcely ever any reference in them to Quakerism. Indeed, 
the whole book, while genuinely philanthropic, can hardly be termed in the 
highest sense religious. 

George Fox did not die on the fourteenth of November, 1690 (page 
28), but on the thirteenth of the "Eleventh month," which at that time 
was January (Old Style), or as it was usually written January 13, 1690/91. 
The sentence, " ' Behold I am with you even to the end of the world.' 
I AM is an ancient Hebrew name for God " (page 74) is not clear. The 
sentence apparently means that the expression " I AM " in Matthew is the 
same as in Exodus 3:14; but this is grammatically incorrect, and inad- 
missable. The " I am " can refer only to Christ himself. 

In quotations and references reference is made sometimes to the au- 
thor, sometimes to his work as well, but seldom, if ever, to chapter or 
page. The book in this respect is in striking contrast to that of Edward 
Grubb noted in the previous number of the Bulletin. 

Disasters and the American Red Cross in Disaster Relief. By J. Byron 
Deacon, General Secretary, Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charity, 
etc. New York, Russell Sage Foundation, 1918. 7x4^^ in., pp. 230. 75 
cents. 

This little volume, skilfully compiled by a Friend, gives a most inter- 
esting account of the manner in which the American Red Cross has given 
assistance at times of great disasters (other than war). The heads are 
" Disasters at Sea," " Coal Mine Disasters," " Floods," " Fires," " Torna- 
does." There are also chapters on " Principles of Disaster Relief " and 
" Organization for Disaster Relief." Two Appendices and a full Index 
complete the volume. Independently of the general interest of the book, 
the great lesson inculcated is the incalculable value of wise preparation for 
" times of emergent need," and wise method in administering immediate 
help and subsequent rehabilitation. The book is to be highly commended. 

November: Poems in War Times. By Henry Bryan Binns. London, 
1917, A. C. Fifield ; New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. y/i^SVi in., pp. 94- 
5s., $1.25. 

It has been frequently said that war times bring out poetry. Cer- 
tainly the output, if it is allowable to use that word at all in connection 
with poetry, the past three years, has been very large, both in Great Britain 
and in America. Whether any great poems have been published which 
would hold a place in the anthologies of fifty years hence, it is impossible 
to foretell, but up to the present time there would seem to be very few 
indeed which could be put in such a class. Many of the poems published 
show a deep sympathy with the sufferings of these days, and express with 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 83 

more or less earnestness and clearness heartfelt aspirations after loftier 
ideals and a better world, but how many of them really take possession 
of the reader and live in his memory? 

The present little volume by one of our too few Quaker poets, or 
poets who are Quakers, exhibits in good degree the spirit of the best of 
his contemporary bards. There is very great variety, a variety which 
suggests the question whether some of the pieces are poems at all in the 
strict sense of the word, or are poetic thoughts expressed in ornate prose. 
Two or three of the " poems " are not even printed as poetry ; it is diffi- 
cult, for instance, to see how such a piece as " The Price of Freedom " 
could possibly be ranked as a poem. But this brings up the vexed ques- 
tion, " What is poetry? " — a question which cannot be taken up here. 

The Record of a Quaker Conscience. Cyrus Pringle's Diary. With 
an Introduction by Rufus M. Jones. New York, the Macmillan Co., 1918. 
6^x4^ in-, PP- 93- 60 cents. 

Many who read this simple diary of a " Conscientious Objector of 
1863," when it appeared in the Atlantic Monthly, February, 1913, will re- 
joice that it has been re-published at this time, and introduced to readers 
by one so thoroughly qualified. We heartily commend this little book, and 
wish that all our readers, and the general public, especially those who seem 
unable to understand the Quaker attitude toward war, could read the " In- 
troduction " which presents so admirably the Quaker view. [For a sketch 
of C. G. Pringle, see page 86 of this number of the Bulletin.] 

The Story of a Small College. By Isaac Sharpless, President of 
Haverford College, 1887-1917. Philadelphia, the John C. Winston Co. 
(1918). 9x554 in., pp. 237. $2.00. 

This volume has come to hand too late for an extended review. The 
work is a simple, clear account of a remarkably successful administra- 
tion of Haverford College for thirty years. Had the account been written 
by another hand much more would have been said ; as it is, every alumnus 
and friend will be interested to read the book, and those who know the 
history of the college will supply much which the modesty of the author 
has omitted to mention. It is a book which no Haverfordian can afford 
to miss, and from which those interested in higher education can learn 
much. A good portrait, two Haverford views, and an Index lend their 
aid in making up an attractive volume. 



84 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



NOTES AND QUERIES 



Newport News. — No doubt 
many of our readers have at some 
time wondered at the name 
" Newport News " as applied first 
to the point, and now to the con- 
siderable seaport in Virginia near 
Hampton. The following gives 
what is probably a corruption of 
the original name : " I went to but 
about two or three Meetings 
more, getting myself ready to re- 
turn Home, and accordingly we 
took Leave, and came down the 
River [James], to Kickatan, but 
were forced, in sailing there, by 
missing the Channel, to lie 
aground by Newport's-Nose near 
twenty-four Hours before we 
could get to Hampton, and when 
there staid about a week and four 
Days." — " Life and Travels of 
Samuel Bownas, London, Phila- 
delphia Reprinted, 1759," pp. 202, 
203. 

The name " Newport News " 
was an old one even in Samuel 
Bownas's day, for the name ap- 
pears in Captain John Smith's 
History of Virginia (p. 16) as 
" NuporCtls-newes " (Arber's edi- 
tion, p. 565.) In the Records of 
the Virginia Company it appears 
as " Newport News " (July, 1622), 
and "Newport' Newes " (April 
30, 1623). — "Records of the Vir- 
ginia Company," Washington, 
1906, pp. ii, 74, 381. Neither of 
these sources gives any clue to the 
origin of the name. Alexander 



Brown, in his " Genesis of the 
United States" (ii, 956), says: 
" The origin of the name is a 
mooted question; [it] was prob- 
ably named for one of the Newce 
(Newse or Nuce) family, New- 
Port-Newce." Lyon G. Tyler, in 
his note to extracts from Captain 
John Smith's History, says : " The 
name either is derived from that 
of Captain Newport, or means 
' New-Port-Newce,' if, as is some- 
times said, Daniel Gookin came 
from Newce-town in Ireland." — 
" Narratives of Early Virginia," 
p. 349. See also his " Cradle of 
the Republic," 1900, p. 155. 



Yearly Meeting of Friends in 
Japan. — The movement to organ- 
ize a Yearly Meeting began some- 
thing over two years ago, and has 
been carried on with dignity and 
deliberation, and a sense of the 
importance of the issue, until its 
completion this year (1917). The 
Meeting as at present organized 
consists of three Monthly Meet- 
ings, and three meetings which 
might be called preparatory to the 
Monthly Meeting stage. There 
are no Quarterly Meetings as yet. 
There is a committee which cor- 
responds to the Representative 
Meeting of Philadelphia and the 
Permanent Boards of the Five 
Years Meeting; and also a Meet- 
ing of Ministers and Elders. The 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



85 



sessions of Japan Yearly Meeting 
began Fifth month loth, and 
lasted through the 13th, 1917. — 
Condensed from The Friend 
(Philadelphia) of Seventh month 
19th, 1917. 

Dr. H. M. Gwatkin on the 
Quakers. — In the posthumous 
volume, " Church and State in 
England to the Death of Queen 
Anne," London, 1917, brief no- 
tices of George Fox and the 
Quakers appear (pp. 340-342). 
The able and distinguished theo- 
logian does not seem to have fully 
recognized the importance of the 
Quaker movement in the seven- 
teenth century, nor does he do 
quite justice to the underlying 
principles of the early Quakers. 
He evidently cannot minimize the 
eccentricities, but gives the im- 
pression that these w^ere far more 
common than they actually vftrt., 
and that they were specially char- 
acteristic of Friends. At the 
same time he says the excesses 
" which might have led to very 
much worse things were firmly 
controlled by serious and sober- 
minded leaders, so that while the 
movement became more orderly, it 
lost nothing of its intense reality 
and spiritual fervor." He further 
says, " Being mysticism and not 
revivalism, it [Quakerism] could 
not maintain the appeal it made to 
the lower classes in an age of 
spiritual revolution." The query 
will naturally arise, especially 
with those who are more familiar 
with the inner history of Quaker- 
ism than Dr. Gwatkin could be, 



" Was it the ' mysticism ' that 
caused the decline in the spread of 
Quakerism and made it lose its 
hold on the people ? " As was char- 
acteristic of Dr. Gwatkin, both in 
his conversation and in his lectures, 
pithy sentences abound. " The 
Platonist starts from human rea- 
son quickened by the spirit, the 
Quaker from the spirit quicken- 
ing human intuiti .n." " Fox knew 
his Bible and little more, while 
Wesley was one of the best read 
men of his time ; and in religion 
Fox was revolutionary, Wesley 
conservative." It is too strong a 
statement to say that " Fox threw 
over the authority of the Scrip- 
ture," and there seems to be a 
veiled sarcasm in saying, " [Fox] 
went (or thought he went) by the 
inner light." It is very much to 
be doubted whether Dr. Gwatkin 
quite understood either Fox or 
Quakerism. It is probably a typo- 
graphical error that the date of 
Fox's birth is given as 1621. 

" Dependent Brethren." — In 
several villages of West Sussex I 
came across a body calling them- 
selves Dependent Brethren, but 
known locally as " Coklers " 
(cocoa drinkers). They are a 
small body, numbering only six 
hundred, and appear to be very 
similar to Friends, having a free 
ministry for both sexes, no sacra- 
ments, and even some pacifists 
among them. They engage in 
business among themselves, run- 
ning the village stores, and living 
as a community mainly composed 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



of elderly persons. I had a long 
talk with one of their elders, and 
was much interested in hearing 
particulars of their faith and prac- 
tice. They have a very high repu- 
tation among the village people 
for sterling honesty, and their 
stores are most beautifully kept, 
and contain everything needed by 
cottagers, from furniture to food 
and clothing. — Esther M. Kitch- 
ing, in " Workers at Home and 
Abroad," December, 1917. 



Cyrus Guernsey Pringle. — 
Few, probably, of the readers of 
the Bulletin will know of the 
subsequent history of Cyrus Prin- 
gle (1838-1911), whose "Record 
of a Quaker Conscience " is no- 
ticed elsewhere in this number of 
the Bulletin. As a young man 
he early devoted himself to botan- 
ical and horticultural pursuits with 
the greatest success. He was 
specially interested in the im- 
provement of plants by breeding 
and selection. It is said that to 
him Luther Burbank owes much 
in his early training in originating 
new varieties of plants. Pringle 
confined his studies to no one 
field. He originated three well- 
known varieties of potatoes, the 
Snowfllake, the Alpha, and the 
Ruby. He originated the Hulless 
Oat, the valuable Defiance Wheat, 
and the Champlain Wheat ; in- 
deed, " his new varieties of wheat 
added many millions to the profits 
of the American farmer." He 
also originated a number of varie- 



ties of fruits. His collection of I 
bulbs of ornamental plants was 
thought to be the largest in the 
world. After some years in this 
line of work, he turned his atten- j 
tion to collecting specimens, and j 
became a most skillful botanical ] 
explorer. He was an official col- 
lector for Harvard and for the i 
American Museum of Natural 1 
History. His field was Vermont, | 
the lower St. Lawrence, the Pa- | 
cific slope, the southwestern states ; 
and territories, and Mexico. Be- 
tween 1885 and 1911 he made i 
thirty-nine trips to Mexico. " He ; 
brought out of Mexico alone over , 
12,000 numbers, very many of 1 
which were new to science. His | 
own herbarium, now the property j 
of the University of Vermont, 
contains about 160,000 mounted j 
plants." He is said to have dis- ; 
tributed among various institu- j 
tions in this country and in : 
Europe 500,000 specimens. 

He was not by birth a Friend, 
but joined the Society from con- 
vincement about 1862. Early in ■, 
1863 he married Almira L. i 
Greene, a Friend of Starksboro, 
Vermont. The marriage did not 
prove a congenial one, and from 
purely personal reasons of incom- 
patibility his wife left him in 1872. 'j 
In 1877 a formal divorce was ob- ! 
tained. '• 

It has not been possible to find 
the date of his leaving the So- ; 
ciety. From all accounts he was 
an exceedingly modest man, kind 
and considerate of others, and 
was beloved by his associates. It 
might be added that the family 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



87 



used the name of Prindle, but he 
adopted Pringle as an older form. 

Friends' Reconstruction Work 
IN France. In the Revue des 
Deux Mondes for i^"" Octobre, 
1917 (pp. 678, 679), M. Gaston 
Deschamps has a most apprecia- 
tive notice of Friends' Recon- 
struction Work in France, and de- 
scribes a visit to Tugny-et-Pont, 
two villages where he met two of 
the workers. He says : " Les pre- 
sentations sont vite faites. II 
s'appelle M. Trow, son camarade 
se nomme M. Robinson et nous 
donne tout de suite, comme lui, un 
solide shake hand." M. Deschamps 
speaks of the work as a model to 
be held up for others to follow. 

Sale of The Charles Roberts 
Collection of Quakeriana. — 
One of the largest private collec- 
tions of Friends' books in Amer- 
ica — that of the late Charles Rob- 
erts, of Philadelphia (1846-1902) 
— was disposed of by auction in 



New York City on Fourth month 
ID. 1918. Chiefly through the 
liberality of a friend of Haver- 
ford College, its library secured 
several hundred volumes. Among 
these are some great rarities, such 
as " New England's Ensigne, 
1659" [Humphrey Norton]; a 
volume of Tracts, mostly of 1653, 
from the library of Robert Bar- 
clay, the Apologist, with his au- 
tograph and list in his own hand- 
writing ; " Several Epistles Given 
Forth by Two of the Lord's Faith- 
ful Servants . . . William Robin- 
.son and William Leddra, 1669 ; " 
" Plantation Work, the Work of 
this Generation ..." [William 
Loddington], 1682; "A Winding 
Sheet" . . . William Penn, 1672; 
and " The Judgment Given Forth 
by Twenty-Eight Quakers against 
George Keith . . . 1694" This 
large acquisition has probably 
made the Haverford collection of 
Quakeriana the largest and most 
valuable in America, especially 
for reference and research. 



Volame 8, No. 3 Eleventh Month (November), 1918 

Bulletin of 

Friends' Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

A Journey by Carnage from Newport, R. I., to Smith- 
field, O., 181 1, Part I. - - - Rowse Taylor 90 
A Proposed Friends' Settlement in Canada, 1790, 

Records of Westland Monthly Meeting 100 
A Project for a Friends' Settlement in Canada, 1796, 

Benjamin Gilbert 104 

The Passing of North Meeting House, Philadelphia, 1918 106 

Were Generals Nathanael Greene and John Brown 

" Fighting Quakers " - - - - - - 108 

An Eighteenth Century View of the Quakers 

Brissot de Warville 1 10 

Quakers in Colonial Virginia - - M. N. Stannard 112 

Books, Etc., of Interest to Friends - - - - 113 

Notes and Queries - - - - - - - 1^7 

Constitution of Friends' Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1 20 

Index for Volumes Vn and Vni - - - - 124 



Note. — The editor does not hold himself responsible for any state- 
ment made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the BULLETIN should be addressed to Allen C. Thomas, 
Haverford, Fa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary-Treasurer, 
24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, Jti.oo per annum. All members receive the Bulletin free. 



90 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

A JOURNEY BY CARRIAGE FROM NEWPORT, RHODE 
ISLAND, TO SMITHFIELD, OHIO, 1811.— I. 

BY ROWSE TAYLOR. 

[The following account of a journey by carriage from Rhode Island 
to Ohio, in 181 1, is taken from the original lent by the owners of the 
manuscript, and offered to the Bulletin through the courtesy of Rayner 
W. Kelsey. It is a simple account of a long and somewhat arduous trip 
by a family intending to settle in what was then the far West. Consider- 
able light is thrown on manners and customs, and the comments of one 
who was evidently a shrewd New Englander are informing. With a few 
unimportant changes in spelling, chiefly where the same word is spelled 
differently at different places, and in punctuation, which is somewhat wild, 
the manuscript is printed exactly as written, with no omissions. An 
itinerary, so far as it has been possible to make one out, has been added. — 
Editor.] 

Smithfield, [Ohio]. 
8th mo., 18th, 181 1. 
Beloved Relatives and Friends 
on and near Rhode Island. 

Now for the first time since we crossed the Ohio River, I 
take up my pen to address you; the innumerable kindness, and 
unbounded attention, which we received from you, forbids us to 
believe that you are unmindful of our welfare, or that a line from 
us would be unacceptable; neither is our strong attachment to 
you diminished by the distance we are from you, but on the con- 
trary, as saith the poet, " at each remove we drag a lengthening 
chain." I apprehend that our leaving Newport, without saying 
to our friends farewell! seemed rather strange to some of them; 
I may observe that it was rather on my wife's account than my 
own, that I proposed this, fearing that the word farewell ! fare- 
well ! so often repeated would overcome her fortitude, not doubt- 
ing my own firmness ; I therefore chose to avoid a parting inter- 
view but when the destin'd moment came, in which I must bid 
adieu to Newport, my imagined firmness vanished — my nerves 
were unstrung ; the separation — perhaps the final separation from 
such a circle of friends, produced sensations, of which I can give 
you no adequate description — neither can you form any just con- 



BY CARRIAGE— NEWPORT, R. I, TO SMITHFIELD, O. 91 

ceptions, it required no small degree of exertion to ascend the 
carriage, say farewell to those about us and set off — when we 
were in Broad Street, Henry Williams came running along with 
a countenance, as cheerful as the morning, and called, farewell! 
— my heart replied thou little knowst the pang conveyed in that 
drear word ; 

We rode that evening as far as cousin Asa Sherman's, where 
no attention was wanting, that could in any way tend to make 
our short stay agreeable ; the next morning, he, and Eliza accom- 
panied us to the ferry, and staid with us, untill the boat removed 
us from the garden of America; this separation produced no 
small degree of sensibility in them, and us, and even my boasted 
firmness stood not unmoved. We reached Bristol, at late din- 
ner time, and our old friend, Phebe Sylvester, with her usual 
dexterity, provided us an excellent dinner. The sight of the lit- 
tle town of Bristol, (which had indeed a pretty appearance, be- 
ing much improved since I saw it before) occasion'd painful sen- 
sations, when I reflected that it was built with Mens Bones. ^ We 
arrived at Cousin Peter Grinnel's, in Providence, just before sun- 
set, he and his wife were both from home but their amiable chil- 
dren treated us with great politeness and attention and spared no 
pains to make their house completely agreeable to us. 

The next morning 5th Mo. i6th, when about to take leave of 
our dear young cousins, Obadiah Brown,- and wife, very kindly 
called upon us, offered us any assistance in their power, rode with 
us a few miles to put us in the right road, and would have gone 
farther, but it was meeting day. This flattering attention, was 
the more pleasing, as it was wholly unexpected. At parting, Oba- 

^ " Built with men's bones." The reference may be to the Indian 
Wars of King Philip, or to bombardments of the Revolutionary War, but 
more likely to the slave trade, of which Bristol was, during the latter 
part of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth century, a great 
seat. 

2 Obadiah Brown (1771-1822), son of Moses Brown, the well-known 
Friend and philanthropist, of Providence, Rhode Island, was himself, 
like his father, a benefactor of Friends' School, now Moses Brown School, 
Providence, Rhode Island. 



92 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

diah put a $io bill in my hand, which tho agreeable was not more 
so than his modest manner of doing it ; this, with one given me by 
cousin William Williams, and one by S. Elam, I laid by, to pur- 
chase bread in Ohio. 

Notwithstanding the distance travelled, was so inconsidera- 
ble, yet it seemed, as if we had entered a new world. On view- 
ing the country from Providence, through the State of Rhode 
Island, which appeared to have a thin barren soil covered with 
rocks, and stones, I thought it might indeed be called a place of 
probation, and concluded, the people must be very ignorant, if 
they mistook this, for the place of their rest : that afternoon met 
Rowland Green,^ returning from Meeting, he was friendly, and 
affectionate, but as we were several miles past his house, we did 
not go there. Staid that night at Field's, in Sterling, in the 
State of Connecticut; a very good house. 17th, Rode through 
Plainfield, a pleasant little village, through Canterbury, and 
lodged at Carpenters. i8th, In the afternoon we crossed Con- 
necticut River, on an elegant toll-bridge and entered the Town 
of Hartford ; a busy, flourishing, pleasant place. 

Tho the Eastern side of the State is preferable to the west- 
em, yet it is in most places stony, and very uneven ; better adapted 
to the raising of cattle than grain. After gazing about a while 
and purchasing a few conveniences, which by this time we had 
learn'd the want of, we proceeded about three miles, were dis- 
appointed in getting entertainment at a public house, the landlord 
not being at home, and his wife appeared to be rather shy to 
Quakers. I called on the Parson of the Parish to inquire what 
to do, he told me there was another public house, about 4 Miles 
on our road, but it was too late to go there, that Hurlbert's was 
about 2 miles, but that was out of the road we were then pursu- 
ing ; that there was one Tim Sedgwick, a friendly man who lived 
about half a mile from him, if we chose to go there, he thought 
we might be accommodated, or if we chose to stay with him he 
had stable-room, grain, and hay, he would entertain us himself ; 

8 Rowland Greene (1770-1859), a prominent Friend and minister of 
New England Yearly Meeting. See Bulletin, II, 119. 



BY CARRIAGE— NEWPORT, R. I., TO SMITHFIELD, O. 93 

but he supposed we did not love Presbyterians. I replied " yes 
we do, my Grandfather was a Presb3'terian, and a fine old man." 
Although the Parson was very friendly, yet as the next day was 
his Sabbath, we chose to call on our friend Timothy, who with his 
wife, received, and treated us very kindly and on the whole it 
must be called a happy disappointment, for we had nearly aban- 
doned the project of going to cousin William Mitchell's, but 
friend Sedgwick inform'd us that it would carry us but very lit- 
tle out of our way, and gave us a list ©f the towns from his house 
etc. where upon we at once happily resolv'd to go there. 

19th, Having now chang'd our course we rode 2}4 miles to 
Hurlbert's tavern, found first rate attention, and a fine breakfast ; 
the landlord complimented us by saying, that it aflforded him 
great satisfaction to see people moving, who look'd as if they 
were able to move (but the poor man did not know where my $10 
came from). We left his house, and soon came to the Talcott 
mountain ; when we were on the summit of this mount we recol- 
lected that my great coat was left at Hurlbert's; this occasion'd 
Samuel and the black horse eight miles travel. 12 or 14 miles 
from Hartford we left the Albany turnpike, and took the Pough- 
keepsie, a very indifferent road ; in the afternoon crossed a num- 
ber of bad little wooden bridges — reached Griswold's in Torring- 
ton. 20th, Travell'd eight miles before breakfast (a rough road, 
as I then thought not having at that time seen Laurel Hill), at 
length arrived at Pitt Buells in Goshen. I inquired whether it 
would be more proper to call for breakfast, or dinner at that time 
of day, but as neither they, nor T could determine that question, 
they loaded the table with a great variety of good victuals, and we 
failed not at that time to get our penny worth — here we found 
first rate entertainment, rode on through the day. The next 
morning, being the 21st, our landlady inquired whether we were 
moving; on understanding that we were going to the State of 
Ohio, she exclaimed, Well ! I think you had better go to the end 
of the world and jump off! However we concluded to travel on ; 
and leaving the rugged hills of Connecticut, we entered the State 
of New York — where the prospect soon began to change for the 
better. Fine fields of Wheat. Rye, and clover, began to be more 



94 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

common ; and in the afternoon, we had the heartfelt satisfaction 
of arriving at Cousin William Mitchell's, where we staid more 
than two days. Here (as I observed in a few lines to cousin D. 
Buffum) every thing was done to render our visit agreeable, 
that ingenuity could devise, or industry execute ; nothing appeared 
in the family but order, and happiness ; we attended their week- 
day meeting; had a sight of the School-house, but did not enter 
it. The Nine Partners * appear to unite the great advantages of a 
good soil, healthful climate, convenience of Market, plenty of 
Water, and above all, agreeable society — here we saw, and spoke 
with John Williamson, who has a good countenance, and a good 
Character — Cousin Williams has a fine farm of 170 Acres ; on the 
24th we left his happy house and on our departure, they loaded 
us with such things as were necessary. We had a very pleasant 
days ride, through as fine a country, as we had ever seen, crossed 
the Hudson River, at the Fishkill-landing, and took lodgings in 
Clarkes' Hotel in Newburgh. Here I acted the part of a Gentle- 
man so well, that the landlord must I think have taken me for 
some [New] Bedford friend! perhaps he thought me William 
Rotch.^ I found my opinion of his mistake, from the amount of 
his Bill ; but as it is my rule, always to save my credit when I can- 
not save my money, I paid it off with a good grace, and pro- 
ceeded. We travelled about 2 miles on a turnpike road, the last 
we were able to find, leading towards the place of our destination. 
Fifteen or 20 miles more brought us to the State of New Jersey. 

The Jersey horses are much more to be admired, than the 
Jersey women ; indeed we saw but little in that state worthy of 
admiration ; the land in general is indifferent, and stony ; the 
fences are very bad ; the houses, even those that are otherwise 

* A district of Dutchess County, New York, where there was a large 
settlement of Friends. 

^William Rotch (1734-1828), a citizen of Nantucket and later (from 
1795) of New Bedford, Massachusetts. He was one of the most promi- 
nent Friends of New England and a successful shipping merchant, a rival 
of John Hancock. Three of his vessels, chartered by the East India Com- 
pany, were the scene of the " Boston Tea Party," 1773. See Bulletin, I, 
49-55; VII, 68; American Friend, 1901, VIII, 413-416, 440-448. 



BY CARRIAGE— NEWPORT, R. I, TO SMITHFIELD, O. 95 

elegant, are built only one story, and a half high, most of them 
have several little awkward additions, generally a porch in front, 
where the men hand their waggon-hamiss [sic], and the women 
set their apparatus for working, and some other things, which 
in my opinion ought to be kept the other side of the house. Their 
horses seem'd to be almost the only object of their attention; we 
lodged 2 nights in that State found indifferent public houses. 
From Newburgh, on the Hudson, to Easton, on the Delaware, is 
called 100 miles, the roads by no means good; we travelled it in 
4 days. On our arrival at the Delaware we found a cover'd 
bridge over it 600 feet in length, its breadth ample, admitting of 
2 carriage roads and sufficient room for passengers on foot ; whert 
on the midst of it one might fancy himself in an immense store. 

On entering Easton a pretty town on the west bank of the 
Delaware, the first thing that arrested our attention was the large 
horses, our's look'd like colts. Here all appear'd civility, and 
politeness ; we found at the Hotel (a large elegant brick building) 
excellent accommodations, the landlord, a well-bred man was very 
attentive. We had occasion to call on a Black-smith, a sadler, a 
Tinman, and the Post-Master, all of whom shewed good breed- 
ing: I called at the Bank, even there I was treated with civility, 
but the Cashier (who they said was a Friend) had gone to New 
York. 5th mo 29th Being now on Wm. Penn's fine farm, we left 
Easton and rode 12 Miles to Bethlehem, the well known seat of 
the Moravians; this distance, the country was level, and well 
cultivated ; pass'd a pretty toll bridge, over the Lehigh, thence 
through Allenstown, and Kutztown, a considerable village to 
Trexlerstown. Here we lodged at a Dutch-house, the landlord, 
whose name was Trexler spoke English very well, but the women 
could not understand us when we called for anything. Cousirr 
Mary was extremely disturbed with the Rats. On the 30th trav- 
elled ; on the 31st in the morning passed through Reading, a very 
pretty, flourishing town, near the Schuylkill, l-'rom Easton on 
the Delaware, to Reading on the Schuylkill is 54 Miles; for 5 or 
6 Miles before we reached Reading the people were at work, 
making a turnpike road, and we found it difficult to pass with a 
carriage in some places. The country generally from Easton to 



^ BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Reading, has a fine appearance; beautiful fields of wheat, Rye, 
and Clover; many decent buildings, and very large horses. The 
Cashier of Reading Bank, without hesitation took my New York 
Bills, and gave me Pennsylvania. Here we forded the Schuyl- 
kill ; but being unacquainted with the River, thought it prudent 
to hire a lad, and horse to conduct us. 

On leaving this River, we met a multitude of large, heavy 
waggons, that looked like moving Castles ; the soil was clay, and 
the roads had been cut down wonderfully by the waggons, while 
the ground was soft, and now being dried in deep furrows, we 
found it difficult to turn out of the beaten track, which we were 
often obliged to do. After travelling 15 or 16 Miles we came to 
the descent of a hill, where the stones and rocks were very plenty, 
and we began to fear, that our Carriage would go to pieces ; meet- 
ing with a man, we inquired of him, the distance to Meyerstown, 
the village, in which we proposed to lodge; he replied " 5 Miles 
and a half. We inquired if the road before, was better, than that 
we had passed, he answered " no, no better " : I began to suspect, 
that what we had experienced that day, was but a specimen of 
each succeeding day's labor, and my constancy began to fail, but 
after riding, half a mile, we found our informers account to be 
very erroneous, the road was much better, and for 30 Miles it 
continued very good. 

6th mo. I St, Left Meyerstown, and passed through Lebanon, 
a large village (said to contain 300 houses) and lodged in Hum- 
melstown. 2nd, Passed through Harrisburgh, on the Susque- 
hannah. I think that the finest country, I have seen, lies between 
the Schuylkill, and Susquehannah Rivers, the distance between 
50 and 60 Miles ; the land from what information I could obtain 
sold as high, as on Rhode Island. A mile or two before we 
reached Harrisburgh, our attention was arrested by a very spa- 
cious brick building which we discovered, a small distance from 
the road, through the woods ; it was 3 stories high ; and about 30 
windows in front ; we supposed that some Gentleman of property, 
was about fixing himself there. Harrisburgh appeared to be a 
flourishing place, tho' our stay there was but for a moment. The 
flat as they call it being ready, we rode in, and without altering 



BY CARRIAGE— NEWPORT, R. I., TO SMITHFIELD, O. 97 

our position, or unharnessing our horses, were pushed over the 
Susquehannah, by 4 or 5 stout fellows though the distance ex- 
ceeds a mile ; we then rode out of the flat, and proceeded that 
evening to Carlisle; on our arrival there we were informed that 
the brick building, which we so much admired, was the County 
Poor House!! Surely it would not suffer by a comparison with 
the Alms House in Newport. 

3d, In consequence of the heavy rains lately fallen in that 
part of the country, we had a very soft road ; the day was so slip- 
pery, that we were obliged to have our horses shod, and fumish'd 
with long corks to enable them to ascend the hills. It was our 
aim to reach Shippensburg that night, in the afternoon I made 
some inquiry at a dirty looking public house, about entertainment 
and the distance to Shippensburg; a pert young man told me it 
was 5 miles, and the mud holes, were up to my neck. However, 
as things appeared rather gloomy at that house, we chose to go 
on, but found the road almost as bad as represented, yet we were 
favoured to get along, and found at Cohorns ^ most excellent en- 
tertainment. Cohorns is inferior to no house we found on the 
journey ; this was the more grateful to us, as we had experienced 
some difficulty in Carlisle, about getting good accommodation. 
Here we were advised to take the road leading througli Cham- 
bersburgh, instead of that through Strausburg, with which we 
complied, that being the Stage Road but not so much frequented 
by waggons, which we were willing to shun (the two roads unite 
before we cross the Juniatta River) 4th, Altho' the roads were 
very bad from Carlisle, to Shippensburgh, yet we soon found 
good road again, after leaving the latter place. In the afternoon 
we passed thro' Chambersburgh. which is a remarkable pretty, 
pleasant place, and indeed the villages through Pennsylvania, far 
exceeded our expectation, in number, population, and improve- 
ments. 

5th, We were now about entering a new world, in which 

« Cohorns. This could not be identified ; it was probably a tavern, or 
small village. 



98 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Andrew Winslow '' lost sight of land for many days ; but no such 
difficulty awaited us, we passed very quietly through it; and I 
think that even here strong drink is more to be feared, than the 
mountains, rocks, serpents, and beasts of prey; notwithstanding 
the hills are steep, and the soil in many places thin, yet if the in- 
dustry and virtue of the people, equal'd the bounty of Heaven, 
even here vast many people might be comfortably supported. 
This day after passing several Indian hills, we came to the Cove- 
mountain, in the ascent of which, we were detain'd most of the 
afternoon, in consequence of a loaded waggon being broken down 
in the road, and no way to pass it before it was removed. The 
descent of the mountain, was steep, and unpleasant, the road be- 
ing stony, and. daylight leaving us — however we reached McCon- 
nelsburgh, in the evening, and after some inquiry put up at a pub- 
lic house; after the usual attentions to ourselves, and horses, we 
retired about lo, o Clock to our lodgings, when lo ! we found the 
beds most horrid nasty, and the bugs, without number ; to enter 
the beds, was as unpleasant as a dose of tartar emetic, and one 
might as well sleep in a hornets nest — but I was determined not 
to be beat by the bugs, so I took my hat, stept out and ran down 
the street, by one tavern, and another, untill I came to one whose 
appearance suited me, but all were in bed, and the doors barred ; 
I knocked, and called for the landlord, he soon came and I briefly 
let him into the secret ; he consented to let me have such beds as 
he had — I then went back and told our former landlord that my 
wife had discovered a few bugs in his beds, and that we had con- 
cluded to step into his neighbour's; he appeared, to be rather 
abashed, but I made the matter as easy as I could and went to 
our lodgings, where I found a number of excellent beds almost 
too clean to be slept in. In the morning, he was very attentive, 
brought us w^ater for washing, and remarkably elean Towels — he 
charged us for his beds, and trouble, only 25 Cents ! this man's 
name is Dexson ; if any of my friends ever travel this way, let 
them remember the name — We returned to the other house, for 



^ Andrczv IVinshtv. Allusion not identified. 



BY CARRIAGE— NEWPORT, R. I., TO SMITHFIELD, O. 99 

our Carriage, and horses, and found them scrubbing up ; we paid 
off the bill, and proceeded. 

McConnelsburgh is a decent little village at the foot of Cove- 
mountain ; the country around is very mountainous, or hilly, for 
we were often unable to tell, where the hills ended, and the moun- 
tains begun. 

I was told that a man, in the neighborhood, sold 300 barrels 
of flour, the last year, all the produce of his own fields, and raised 
without the help of slaves. 6th, This afternoon we came to the 
foot of Sideling Hill, and imprudently ascended it ; found it the 
most difficult part of the whole journey (Laurel Hill excepted) 
it was late before we descended the hill, and the public house we 
came to made a mean appearance ; we chose, tho' late, to pass it, 
remembering the bugs, we had seen the night before. Came to a 
second, it was filled with waggoners ; came to a third, it was filled 
with drovers ; travelled on the fourth, it made a most sorry ap- 
pearance by moonshine ; drove on to the 5th, knock'd a long time, 
finally roused the landlord, he positively declared that he did not 
keep Tavern ; we supposed, that he was grievously intoxicated — 
we rode on, in order to find the 6th but coming to a run of water 
shaded from the moon by lofty trees, and the road being very 
muddy, we feared to proceed, and return'd to the 4th tavern 
a1x)ve mention'd called, and gained admittance ; but found a most 
horrid dirty, place. Perhaps it will not be best to boast of our 
resignation, it was this or none; we were compelled to submit. 
Samuel, went up stairs, and turned in ; Phebe brought down a bed 
and laid in the Bar Room — Mary and the children had another 
straw-bed brought and laid on the floor in the kitchen ; and I put 
on my great coat, and sat in the Corner ; yet there was this con- 
soling reflection " it is not long to morning." 

ITINERARY FOR FIRST PART OF THE JOURNEY. 

Newport, [Rhode Island], Bristol, Providence, Sterling, 
[Connecticut], Plainfield, Canterbury, Connecticut River, Hart- 
ford, Torrington, Goshen, Nine Partners, [New York], Fishkill 
Landing, Hudson River, Newburgh, Delaivare River, Easton 
[Pennsylvania], Bethlehem. Allcntown, Trexlerstown, Kutztown. 



100 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Reading, Schuylkill River, Myerstown, Lebanon, Hummelstown, 
Harrisburg, Susquehannah River, Carlisle, Shippensburgh, 
Cohorns [?], Chambersburgh, McConnelsville, Juniata River. 

{To he concluded.) 



A PROPOSED FRIENDS' SETTLEMENT IN CANADA, 
1790. 

FROM RECORDS OF WESTLAND MONTHLY MEETING OF 
FRIENDS, PENNSYLVANIA. 

A considerable number of members of the Society of Friends 
having settled in the southwestern part of Pennsylvania, a meet- 
ing was regularly established in 1781, in Washington County, and 
called by the name of Westland. In 1784 a meeting was estab- 
lished on the eastern side of the Monongahela River, in Fayette 
County, and called by the name of Redstone. In 1785 these were 
united in a monthly meeting for business and called Westland. 
This meeting was subordinate to Fairfax Quarterly Meeting in 
Virginia, and the latter at that time to the Yearly Meeting in 
Philadelphia. 

From the Minutes of Westland Monthly Meeting, the fol- 
lowing bit of history is taken : 

(2d mo. 27, 1790) West Land Preparative Meeting informs this that 
David England produced certain papers to that Meeting, setting forth 
that he had Petitioned the Authority at Quebec and Detroit in behalf of 
the members of this Meeting, without encouragement from any of them 
as he now acknowledges ; which having been considered by a Committee 
of the preparative, and now coming under the consideration of this Aleet- 
ing, and apprehending the subject to be of considerable importance to 
Friends here and the Society in general it is thought necessary a Copy 
of the Papers be lodged with the Records, and for them to be forwarded 
to the Quarterly Meeting for further consideration and advice, both with 
respect to our care and treatment with the individual, and what may be 
expedient for the clearing of the Society of such unwarrantable conduct. 



PROPOSED FRIENDS' SETTLEMENT IN CANADA, 1790. loi 

(3d mo. 27, 1790) 

The following Alinute respecting David England was sent 
by one of the Representatives from a committee of the Quarterly 
Meeting, viz. : 

To Friends of the Monthly Meeting at Westland: Esteemed Friends 
your request with respect to David England, being opened in our Quar- 
terly Meeting, and upon a deliberation appointed us as a Committee to 
view the papers forwarded relative to his Case : Having met and delib- 
erately entered into a consideration of the same, we are Unanimously of 
the Mind that the most speedy method that may be come at with safety 
should be made use of, of fully informing Governor Carlton that the Pe- 
tition sent forward to him was without your knowledge or Consent, and 
those in Authority at Detroit, the situation David England stands in 
among his Friends, and that he acknowledges that no Friends knew of 
his unadvised Conduct in that matter : and that we believe he ought to be 
speedily dealt with as a disorderly person. For further information we 
refer you to your Representatives and remain your Loving Friends. 

Signed on behalf of a Committee of fifteen Friends, 3d Month 9th 
1790 By (James Mendenhall William Hough 

(Stephen Gregg, Jonathan Lupton 

Which being read this Meeting thinks best to appoint Joseph Town- 
send, Isaac Jenkinson, William Wilson, James Crawford, Joshua Dixon, 
John Couzens, Jonas Cattell, William Dixon, Josiah Crawford, James 
Purviance, John Cope, Samuel Jackson, and Zachariah Gapen to prepare 
what may be necessary to send to the Governor and those in Authority, 
and if a safe Conveyance offers, forward the same on behalf of this Meet- 
ing, and produce a Copy to our next. 
(4-24-1790) 

West Land Preparative Meeting Complains of David England for 
going to Detroit with a view of Settling contrary to the Advice of his 
Friends, and without their knowledge Petitioned the Government of 
Canada in the following manner, wherein he continues to Justify himself; 
this meeting appoints Josiah Crawford, James Purviance, John Cope, and 
Joseph Townsend to take a solid opportunity with him thereon, and un- 
less they find sufficient cause to forbear prepare a Testimony against him, 
inform him of it and produce it to next meeting. 

To thy Excellency the right Honorable 
Guy Lord Dorchester, 
Captain General, and Governor in Chief of the Provinces of Quebec, 
Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, Vice Admiral of the same General 
and Commander in Chief of his Majesty's Forces in the said Provinces 
and the Island of Newfoundland, &c. &c. &c. 



102 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

The Humble Petition of David England in behalf of the people called 
Quakers living at Redstone, and its Vicinity, in the State of Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Humbly Sheweth, 

That thy Petitioners are People of some property, and are not neces- 
sitated through Poverty, or Induced by Lucrative Motives to abandon 
their Country, and enduring the Fatigues and Perils of a hazardous jour- 
ney; but actuated through Zeal for his Majesty and the remembrance of 
their former happy State under the mildest and best of Governments, in- 
duces them now to endeavour to enjoy the same. 

That thy petitioners are desirous of having a Tovi'nship laid out for 
them in any good part of this District, in order of better supporting, as 
well as regulating their own interior police, peculiar to the Sect. 

That they are in no doubt of the said Township being peopled and 
regularly Settled in the course of one Year, provided they may be granted 
the Indulgence of one of his Majesty's Vessels to Transport their Fami- 
lies from Ryahoga (?), and any Assistance that could be afiforded in con- 
ducting them through the Indian Country, 

Wherefore thy Petitioners humbly Pray thy Excellency taking the 
merits of this their Petition into thy consideration and will be pleased 
to favor their request, as far as to thy Excellency it may seem proper. 

And thy Petitioners shall ever pray, &c. 
Detroit, District of Hesse, nth of July, 1789. 

Land Office, District of Hesse, 14th of August, '89 . 
Present, 
Patrick Murray Esq'". Major 60th Reg*. Commandant of Detroit, &c. 
The Honorable William Dummer Powell Esq' 
Alexander M°Kee 
William Robertson Esq''-^. 
Alexander Grant 

The Board having enquired of David England what certainty he could 
offer of being able to Settle a Township as required in his Memorial? 
Replied by him, that the application is on behalf of himself and twenty 
Families of his Sect but thinks that a much greater number would come 
in with him if he could carry assurance to them, that they would in 
their arrival be Located together: The Board considers that the Petition 
should be forwarded, with a recommendation to his Excellency, the right 
Honorable Lord Dorchester, to grant the Prayer of it, inasmuch as re- 
lates to the appropriation of a certain spot for those People exclusive of 
other Settlers ; and as Mr. England says he has Visited and approved the 
Lands at Point an (au ?) Pele the Board will grant to him and each head 
of a family of the people called Quakers, who may accompany him, two 
Hundred Acres in the Township which may include Point au Pele, pro- 



PROPOSED FRIENDS' SETTLEMENT IN CANADA, 1790. 103 

vided they come in and Subscribe the Declaration of Fidelity before the 
first of July next, and the Clerk is directed to give a Copy of this Minute 
to Mr. England. 

A true Extract from the Minutes, T. Smith, Clk. 

In reply to which Petition and Minute the Committee produced what 
they were appointed to prepare, which were read and approved, and as 
they have not yet had an opportunity of forwarding them, the same 
Friends (with the addition of James McGrew) are continued to seek an 
opportunity, and send them if one offers ; the Letters are as follows, Viz. 

To the Governor in Chief of the Provinces of Quebec, Nova Scotia, 
New Brunswick, &c. 

Whereas David England a Member of the Society of the People called 
Quakers, having produced to one of our Meetings a Copy of a petition 
directed to thee, in behalf of the said People living at Red Stone and its 
Vicinity, requesting a Township to be laid out for them in any good part 
of the District of Hesse ; and also an Extract from the Minutes of the 
Land Oflfice of said District expressive of his informing the Board that 
the Petition was on behalf of himself and twenty Families of this Sect ; 
and whereas our Monthly Meeting, by the advice of a Quarterly Meeting, 
taking the matter into consideration, appointed us to Write to thee, to 
inform thee of the impropriety of his Petition, for by his own acknowl- 
edgment, he had no encouragement from any of the said People, and we 
may also inform that it was without the Knowledge of said Meeting, and 
that we are under the necessity, according to the Rules of our Discipline 
to Testify against such Unwarrantable Conduct. 

And lest thou shouldst be imposed upon in future by any Professing 
with us, W2 now inform thee, that the Order established by our Society 
in such Cases is, when any Person inclines to move, that they first inform 
the Meeting to which they belong of their intentions, and if the Meeting 
approbates the same, they furnish them with a Minute or Certificate 
Signed by order and on behalf of said Meeting, any other Recommenda- 
tions whatsoever in such cases, are not approved by us. 

Signed for and on behalf of West Land Monthly Meeting of said 
People, held in Washington County, Pennsylvania, the 27th of the 3rd 
Month (called March) 1790. by all the Committee appointed except one 
who was not present. 
To the Board of the Land Office, District of Hesse. 

Whereas David England produced an Extract from the Minutes 
of your Office (Signed T. Smith Clk.) also a copy of a Petition to the 
Governor, to one of our Meetings ; respecting which procedure we have 
written more at large to the Governor as enclosed, to which we refer you 
more particular Information, and request your Care and Assistance in 
forwarding the same to him. ^-^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^o^^ 



104 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

(S-22-1790) 

The Friends appointed report that they had an opportunity with 
David England, and though he appeared Friendly, yet continued to Vin- 
dicate what he had done, therefore they prepared a Testimony against 
him, which was produced approved and Signed. John Dixon and John 
Cope are appointed to the further service agreeable to Discipline and re- 
port to next Meeting. 



Note. — The records of the Friends' Meetings in Fayette and Wash- 
ington Counties are now mostly in the care of the Friends at Salem, Ohio, 
but the registers of births and deaths are missing. It is much to be de- 
sired that their whereabouts may be known, and the originals or copies 
obtained, to add to the other records. 

Gilbert Cope. 

West Chester, Pa., 1909. 



A PROJECT FOR A FRIENDS' SETTLEMENT IN 
CANADA, 1796. 

The preceding paper gave an account of an effort to form 
a settlement of Friends in Canada in 1789- 1790. From the fol- 
lowing letter it would seem that a somewhat similar project was 
being considered a few years later. 

The writer of the letter, Benjamin Gilbert, was the fifth child 
and second son of Benjamin and Sarah (Mason) Gilbert (first 
wife), and was born 31st of First month, 1741. John Gilbert, to 
whom the letter is addressed, was Gilbert's next youngest 
brother, born 23d of Fifth month, 1743. Joshua, the next, was 
born 19th of Twelfth month, 1747-48, and Caleb was the young- 
est, born 1754. Abner Gilbert, born 1766, was the son of Benja- 
min and his second wife, Elizabeth (Walton) Peart (a widow) 
Gilbert, and therefore a half-brother of the writer of the letter. 
These genealogical statistics seem needful to make the refer- 
ences in the letter clear to a reader. Abner Gilbert was the 
grandfather of our friend Gilbert Cope, of West Chester, Penn- 
sylvania, who has kindly furnished this letter, as well as the docu- 
ments in the preceding paper, on Westland Monthly Meeting. 



PROJECT FOR A FRIENDS' SETTLEMENT IN CANADA. 105 

It should be added that Benjamin Gilbert, father of the 
writer of the letter, was the Friend, who, with several members 
of his family, and some neighbors, was taken captive by the 
Indians in 1780, and whose " Narrative " has gone through eight 
or nine editions. The most complete edition is that edited by 
F. H. Severance, Cleveland, Ohio. Burrows Brothers Co., 
1904. See also Joseph Smith's " Descriptive Catalogue of 
Friends' Books," i, 843. 

Westmoreland County the 6th of the loth mo''' 1796. 
Esteemed Brother: 

After our salutation of Love to thee, thy Wife & Family I may in- 
form thee I have been meditating on a matter which I conceive may be 
profitable to ourselves and others if approved and rightly conducted. I 
wish to proceed with counsel and advice as the matter is of great conse- 
quence and demands weighty consideration weighing both the present and 
the future. 

The matter is to form a settlement of Friends on the northwest side 
of Lake Earie in the British territories as there is an opening for it and 
the most generous terms offered by them to Settlers a man getting 200 
Acres for himself 50 for his wife & 50 for every Child Male Children 
above sixteen draw 200 and the whole expense to one settler but ten 
Dollars when the Patent is given. They consider the case of those who 
have suffer'd in the late war and were not disaffected to the British Gov- 
ernment there is no doubt with me but each male of our Family may on 
application receive a grant for eight hundred Acres and I am not without 
hopes that a grant for a Township might be obtain'd for our use but if 
that cannot be obtained I think it highly probable that a reserve of a 
Township for the settlement of Friends might. It has been represented 
to me as a pleasantly situated Country level well watered & Timbered the 
soil very rich and fertile the climate moderate and healthy there are Fish 
in abundance. Deer, Hare, Geese, Ducks, Feasants, &c. For a more par- 
ticular account I refer thee to a Letter I wrote Jesse in which I express'd 
a confidence that a Township grant might be obtained for our Family 
but from account since received I am not quite so confident I also wrote 
to Abner, see both the letters. Consult Brother Joshua and Caleb if he 
is in a situation fit for consultation and send me your minds on the sub- 
ject as soon as may be for if anything is done it should be done next 
summer I wish to receive your sentaments on the matter as early as 
it can be obtain'd for I think it advisable previous to making any en- 
deavours to obtain a reserve of a Township for a settlement for Friends 
to consult at least some weighty Friends theron and take their advice. I 
expect they will hardly disapproI)atc a matter that if rightly conducted 



io6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

may be beneficial to many as there are many well dispos'd Friends who 
being low in Circumstance find hard struggling to feed and Clothe their 
numerous offspring and others who having no settled homes Labour 
among others often in hurry and discomposure which has a tendency to 
retard their progress in real Virtue. The opening a way to release those 
from their embarrass'd situation I think a good work. The difficulty of 
moving to and the hardship of improving a new Country may appear to 
some very great I know what they are and tho they are considerable for 
a time yet they are not so great as I believe imagination frequently repre- 
sent them. As to moving, there is a waggon road now opening from 
Pittsburgh to Prisqueile about 150 miles ; from thence I expect a passage 
may be had in British Vessels across the Lake to grand River or Kettle 
Creek the passage may be made I am told with a fair wind in twenty four 
hours Horses and Cattle must be taken a longer rout If you after con- 
sultation shu'd think it an object worth attending to and send me your 
minds distinctly on the matter I shall endeavour to do what I can for you 
We are in tolerable health at present and snd our Love to you And with 
due respect remain thy well wishing 

Brother 
To Benj'n Gilbert. 

John Gilbert 

in 
Chester 
County. 



THE PASSING OF NORTH MEETING-HOUSE, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

It seems fitting that the passing of this old meeting-house 
should be mentioned in the Bulletin. The following notes are 
taken partly from a notice in the Philadelphia Public Ledger and 
partly from other sources : 

The old meeting-house of Orthodox Friends at Sixth and 
Noble Streets, Philadelphia, has been purchased by the Richard 
Smith estate for $75,000, for use as a children's playground, 
which will prove a great boon to that congested section. 

This section of the city was formerly one of the best resi- 
dence quarters in Philadelphia. The appearance of the dwell- 
ings on Sixth Street and Marshall Street to-day, for the most 
part spacious four-story houses with large lots, indicates plainly 



THE PASSING OF NORTH MEETING HOUSE, PHILA. 107 

the character of the section when they were built. In the late 
eighties the neighborhood began to decline rapidly. With the 
change in the neighborhood the old meeting-house, like many 
other churches in the older sections of the city, outlived its use- 
fulness as a place of worship. 

Only a few blocks away the old Green Street Meeting-house, 
built in 1814, which belonged to the Race Street Friends, is now 
occupied by the Friends' Neighborhood Guild. It is interesting 
to see both of these centres turned into centres of new life for the 
children of their neighborhoods. 

The sale of the meeting-house at Sixth and Noble Streets 
leaves the properties at Fourth and Arch, on Twelfth Street, 
above Chestnut, and at Fifteenth and Race Streets, as the only 
memorials in brick and mortar in the city's centre of the early re- 
ligious influences of Friends. The meetings where attendance is 
largest now are in the suburbs and the country. 

The Monthly Meeting for the Northern District was first 
held Eleventh month 24, 1772. The first meeting-house was " on 
Front Street, on the bank of the Delaware." The next house was 
on Keys Alley between Sassafras (Race) and Vine and Front 
and Second Streets. This house was first occupied Ninth month 
21, 1789. The meeting increased so much in size that another 
house was built 1814 at the southwest corner of Fourth and 
Green Streets, and was first used on the 26th of Fourth month of 
that year. This was the " Green Street Meeting-house " so 
prominent at the time of the Separation, 1827-1828. At the time 
of the Separation it passed into the hands of Race Street Friends. 
The old North Meeting-house on Keys Alley proving too small, 
a new house was built on the corner of Sixth and Noble Streets, 
and was first occupied Eighth month 12, 1838. This is the house 
just sold (1918). The total cost of the house, lot and surround- 
ing wall, was $70,194.53. The dimensions of the building were 
118 by 65 feet, with " a height of 30 feet to the square." The 
capacity of the main room was " about 1200 persons." 

Among the prominent Friends who at some time or other 
attended at this, the latest " North Meeting-house," during its ex- 
istence, were William Scattergood, George M. Elkinton, Samuel 



io8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

F, Balderston (ministers), Elizabeth Pittfield, Sarah Hillman, 
Hannah Whitehill (ministers), Joseph Rakestraw, Uriah Hunt, 
Nathan Trotter, Joel Cadbury (the elder), John M. Whitall, Dr. 
Joseph Whitall, Benjamin Warder, Horatio C. Wood, David 
Scull, John S. Stokes, Jacob R. Elfreth, Elihu Pickering, Henry 
Pemberton, Pliny E. Chase, Mary Hillman, Sarah Lippincott, 
Sarah Rakestraw, Margaret Justice, Rebecca Richardson. 



WERE GENERALS NATHANAEL GREENE AND JACOB 
BROWN " FIGHTING QUAKERS '"? 

In the Journal of the Friends Historical Society (Vol. XV, p. 
48), recently received, the account of General Nathanael Greene 
of Revolutionary fame as given by Horace Mather Lippincott, 
in his "A Portraiture of the People Called Quakers," is reprinted. 
Attention has been called in more than one journal to inaccuracies 
in this volume, and General Greene has been referred to more 
than once as a " Fighting Quaker." The following extract from 
his " Life " by his grandson, George W. Greene, will show with 
how much justice such a statement can be made. 

" He," Nathanael Greene, " felt that his country had the 
same right to his services in the field which he had recognized as 
her unquestionable right in the council chamber. But he knew 
he could not take a sword in his hand without exposing himself 
to be cast out from the religious society with which he had lived 
in unbroken harmony from his earliest childhood. . . . But he 
took his resolution deliberately and ever after abided firmly by 
it. Yet although from the first his sentiments must have been 
known to the " meeting," and consequently condemned, it was not 
till he had made a public profession of them by attending a mili- 
tary parade at Plainfield near the Rhode Island border, that it 
took public notice of them. Then says the record : 

" At our monthly Meeting held at Cranston on the 5th of 
Seventh month 1773 . . . Whereas this meeting is informed that 
Nathanael and Griffin Greene have been at a place in Connecti- 



WERE GREENE AND BROWN "FIGHTING QUAKERS?" 109 

cut of public resort where they had no proper business, there- 
fore this meeting appoints Ephraim Congdon, Jared Greene, and 
Gary Spencer, to make inquiry into the matter, and to make re- 
port at our next monthly meeting." The committee reported the 
next month that they had no opportunity with them. At the 
meeting held the 6th of Ninth month the report was " they had 
given no satisfaction." On the 30th of Ninth month, 1773, the 
minute reads : " The matter referred to this meeting concerning 
Nathanael and Griffin Greene as they have not given this meeting 
any satisfaction for their outgoing and misconduct, therefore this 
meeting doth put them from under the care of the meeting until 
they make satisfaction for their misconduct and appoint John 
Greene to inform of the same." ^ 

It is quite clear from the above that his grandson lays the 
emphasis on his military views as constraining him to take such 
a course as would inevitably lead to disownment, and whatever 
may have been Greene's love of dancing, as H. M. Lippincott 
claims, his separation from Friends was due to his views and 
practices regarding war. So states his grandson who doubtless 
knew what he was writing about. 

General Jacob Brown (1775-1828) is also claimed to be a 
" Fighting Quaker." His ancestors and parents were Friends, 
the latter living in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Jacob Brown 
entered the- University of Pennsylvania at the early age of twelve 
years, and was granted the degree of A.B. in 1790. About 1793 
he began teaching school at Crosswicks, New Jersey, a Friends' 
School, we are told. From twenty-one to twenty-three he was a 
surveyor of public land in the neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
In 1798 he removed to New York City, and was, for a few months 
only, head of a public school. - 

1 " Life of Nathanael Greene," by George Washington Greene. New 
York, 1871, Vol. I, pp. 69-72. 

2 H. M. Lippincott calls this " Friends' School," but Henry Vethake in 
the Biographical Supplement to the old Encyclopcedia Americana, says, 
" a public school." As Friends were then foremost in public school edu- 
cation in New York City, it is probable that it was a school under the 
general direction of Friends and not a Friends' School in the technical 
sense. 



no BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

In 1799 he removed to a tract of land which he had purchased 
in Jefferson County, New York State, then considered far west. 
This land was a few miles southwest of the outlet of Lake 
Ontario. The settlement prospered and the village of Brown- 
ville (not Brownsville)^ sprung up and flourished. This village 
is about ten miles northwest of Watertown. 

The account of Jacob Brown's military career is apparently 
correct. There is no evidence adduced to show that Jacob Brown 
held any specially Quaker views. The statement, " He was 
brought up on his father's farm with Quaker views and habits," 
seems to be an inference only. As he entered college at twelve 
years of age, supported himself from the age of sixteen, and left 
Pennsylvania certainly at eighteen, the home influence cannot 
have been very great. He was practically away from even 
Quaker surroundings after he was twenty-one, if not before ; and 
there is nothing to show that he was more than a nominal Friend, 
and even that, so far as known, he did not claim to be. To call 
him "A Fighting Quaker " is very much of an assumption, unless 
nominal membership makes a true Quaker, a position which 
George Fox would have emphatically disclaimed. 



AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY VIEW OF THE 
QUAKERS. 

" The war of 1755 . . . occasioned heavy expenses, which the 
colonies were obliged to pay. The Quakers were subjected to 
them, as well as others ; but they not only refused, as a society, 
to pay taxes, of which war was the object, but they excommuni- 
cated those who paid them. They persevered in this practice in 
the last war [that of Independence]. 

" At this time an animosity was kindled against them, which 
is not yet extinguished. Faithful to their principles, they de- 
clared, that they would take no part in this war, and they excom- 

3 The " [Ohio] " in Journal of Friends' Historical Society, XV, 47, is 
an error in the reprint. 



AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY VIEW OF THE QUAKERS, in 

municated all such as joined either the American or the British 
army. 

" I am well convinced of the sacred and divine principle 
which authorises resistance to oppression; and I am well con- 
vinced that oppression was here manifest ; I must therefore blame 
the neutrality of the Quakers on this occasion, when their breth- 
ren were fighting for independence. But I believe, likewise, that 
it was wrong to persecute them so violently for their pacific neu- 
trality. 

" If this instance of their refusal had been the first of the 
kind or if it had been dictated by secret attachment to the British 
cause certainly they would have been guilty, and this persecution 
would perhaps have been legitimate. But this neutrality was 
commanded by their religious opinions, constantly professed, and 
practiced by the society from its origin. 

" No person has spoken to me with more impartiality re- 
specting the Quakers than General Washington, that celebrated 
man, whose spirit of justice is remarkable in every thing. He 
declared to me, that, in the course of the war, he had entertained 
an ill opinion of this society; he knew but little of them, as at 
that time there were but few of that sect in Virginia ; and he had 
attributed to their political sentiments, the effect of their re- 
ligious principles. He told me that since having known them 
better, he acquired an esteem for them ; that, considering the sim- 
plicity of their manners, the purity of their morals, their exem- 
plary economy, and their attachment to the Constitution, he con- 
sidered this society as one of the best supports of the new gov- 
ernment, which requires a great moderation, and a total banish- 
ment of luxury." 

From " New Travels in the United States of America," etc. 
By J. P. Brissot de Warville. London, 1797. Vol. I, pp. 356- 
358. 



[Note. — The above extract has been reprinted more than once in 
Friends' periodicals, but it seems worth while to reprint it again. — 

Editor.] 



112 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

QUAKERS IN COLONIAL VIRGINIA. 

" During the greater part of the Colonial period, there were 
in Virginia but few dissenters from the Church of England, with 
the exception of the Quakers — who had all the virtues of their 
sect, but, save in certain customs peculiar to them, they seem to 
have lived very much like their neighbors. In the seventeenth 
century they were subjected to harsh persecution, and some of 
them were whipped, imprisoned or banished, yet as 

long this lasted they increased and prospered. There was hap- 
pily a cessation of the persecution after James II's declaration 
permitting liberty of conscience, which was proclaimed in Vir- 
ginia, and ordered to be ' celebrated with beate of Drum and the 
Firing of ye Great Gunns, and with all the Joyfulness that this 
Collony is capable to Express.' " 

" During most of the eighteenth century the Quakers were 
permitted to quietly attend their meeting houses, but, like all dis- 
senters, were taxed for the support of the Established Church. 
Though they far outnumbered any other dissenting body in the 
Colony during most of the period, they were far too few to pro- 
duce any noticeable effect on the manners and customs of the 
general population. . . . 

" Richard Russell, a Quaker of Lower Norfolk, . . . about 
1670 left part of his estate for the education of children of the 
poor in his neighborhood." 

From " Colonial Virginia. Its People and Customs," by 
Mary Newton Stannard. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 
1917, PP- 338, 339:268. 



[Note. — This Richard Russell was the Friend at whose house on 
" May 3, 1663, twelve persons were arrested," and he " fined iioo for 
entertaining and permitting the meeting, half of which went to the in- 
former, William Hill, High Shreive." " On " the 12th of November 
twenty-two persons called Quakers were arrested at Richard Russell's 
house where John Porter, Junior, was speaking. The preachers were 
fined 500 pounds of tobacco, and each attender 200 pounds." Cited in 
R. M. Jones, " Quakers in American Colonies," pp. 274, 275.] 



BOOKS, ETC., OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS 113 

BOOKS, ETC., OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 

The Swarthmore Lecture, 1918. The New Social Outlook. By Lucy 
Fryer Morland, B.A. London, Headley Brothers, Publishers, Ltd., 1918. 
5x7^ inches, pp. 59. is. 6d. 

This, the eleventh of the series of Swarthmore Lectures, is the short- 
est and the most unconventional. It is distinctly modern in its view, some 
would say radical; but no one can read this lecture without being im- 
pressed by its plea for a thorough change from the old-fashioned attitude 
of Friends and other Christian bodies, which the lecturer states to be, 
" acceptance of existing conditions from a religious point of view. Provi- 
dence had ordained for each his place and his circumstances, and had pro- 
vided spiritual comfort and the hope of another and better world." In 
other words, there was little or no effort to bring about what the lecturer 
terms " Self-determination, the freedom for each man to work out his 
own destiny, to develop to his full manhood"; and "Co-operation — the 
voluntary merging of some personal and private liberty into that of the or- 
ganized group, in order to achieve a wider freedom." (Pages 15, 32.) 

How far Friends are recognizing the importance of some such lines 
as these is indicated by the report made to the London Yearly Meeting 
of 1918 by its " War and Social Order Committee," and the discussion 
thereon as printed in The Friend (London) for Fifth month 31, Sixth 
month 7, 1918 ; and by the report of its " Social Order Committee to the 
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of 1918." (See Extracts from Minutes, 
1918, pages 78-84.) 

Without in the slightest degree questioning the need or the duty of 
the church to take an active part in forwarding movements for the bet- 
terment of social conditions, the church should continue to see to it that 
the spiritual is not minimized. Where external needs are intensely great 
there is always a danger of overlooking, for the time at least, the needs 
of the soul, and this tends to become a habit. 

An Admiral's Son, and How He Founded Pennsylvania. By E. F. 
O'Brien (" K. K. K."). Illustrated by Arthur Twidle. London, Headley 
Brothers, Publishers, Ltd. [1918]. 5x7^ inches, pp. 176. 2s. 6d. $1.10. 

This small book is a praiseworthy effort to present some of the main 
features of William Penn's life and character in a manner attractive to 
young persons. How successfully the work has been done can only be 
known by trial with young readers. 

The narrative is based on the various biographies of Penn, and ap- 
pears to be correct on all essential points. Some slight errors in mat- 
ters of detail might be noted. Pcnnsbury is spoken of as " not far off " 
from Philadelphia (page 97), but this is a relative term, and most per- 



114 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

sons would, in the connection where it is used, hardly consider twenty-five 
miles "not far off." Penn's daughter is called " Letty " (page 137), but 
Penn himself always speaks of her as " Tishe." Whether the " rock " 
mentioned on page 142 is on the right or left hand side of the road as one 
rides from Philadelphia is not certainly known. 

David Lloyd is named as one who "did much harm to his [Penn's] 
cause" (page 161). There is another side to the question, as readers of 
Isaac Sharpless's paper on David Lloyd in The Bulletin (Vol. V, 36, 
74) will remember. The question being rather an intricate political one, 
is hardly suitable to be taken up in an elementary work as this. In 
speaking of the "Walking Purchase" (pages 169, 173), John and Thomas 
Perm are both charged with that iniquitous transaction. Thomas Penn 
was the responsible party. John Penn was in England at the time. It 
is not enough to say that "The Friends all left the Assembly (i755)," 
because " They would not agree to offer money for the scalps of the In- 
dian men and women, as the other members wished to do." The reason 
was far more extended than that — it involved, what would now be called, 
the whole question of militarism. 

Friends' Quarterly Examiner for Fourth and Seventh Months, igiS. — 
Since our last issue the numbers of Friends' Quarterly Examiner for 
Fourth and Seventh months have come to hand. They are unusually in- 
teresting. In the number for Fourth month, the account of the working 
of the " Liquor Control Board " in Carlisle (see " From the House of the 
Four Winds") is worthy of careful reading. The paper by Joseph Bevan 
Braithwaite on " The Society of Friends and the Limitations of Its Peace 
Testimony " will undoubtedly surprise many, both because of the position 
taken, and because of the inaccurate, and inconsequent statements made. 
Were not the paper so ably answered by Rose Bellows and Margaret 
Hirst, in the number for Seventh month, some reply would have been 
called for. It might be said, however, that whatever views individuals 
may express, the official statements of a body must be taken as giving 
the doctrines of that body as a whole. Friends have suffered from un- 
authorized statements more than most. Who takes an individual opinion 
as final in regard to the doctrines of the Episcopalians, Presbyterians, 
or Methodists? Yet if any one signing himself "a Quaker" sends a let- 
ter to a newspaper, too often his words are taken as authoritative. 

In the number for Seventh month, the paper by Stephen Hobhouse 
on " The Silence System in British Prisons," written out of a stern per- 
sonal experience, will claim close attention. We all like to hear what 
others think of us, and so one of the earliest papers read will be that on 
" Quakerism in America," by W. Blair Neatby. It is sufficient to say that 
"What I Saw of Quakerism in America" would be a better title for the 
account of a visit of only a few weeks' duration. Five days in Richmond, 



BOOKS, ETC., OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 115 

Indiana, even at a Five Years Meeting, is a short time to judge accurately 
of Western Quakerism, or conditions in the great Middle West and on the 
Pacific Coast, as well as elsewhere. 

The symposium on " The Teaching of Friends' Principles at School " 
is full of suggestion. 

In the Quarterly Review for July, 1918 (London), our friend, Ste- 
phen Hobhouse, writes more fully concerning prison life in England in 
his paper, "An English Prison from Within." Rarely has any prison sys- 
tem had such an able exposition by an actual " convict." A prisoner on 
account of lofty religious scruples, he shared in the experiences of those 
committed for criminal offences, and his testimony should have great 
weight, and should stimulate efforts for the abolishment of a system 
which, whatever its aim may be, is cruel and degrading to body and to 
soul. The sad experiences of the Quakers of the seventeenth century of 
which we used to read with wonder and with pity are paralleled by those 
of the twentieth century. Mirabile Dictu! 

Notes on Old Gloucester County, New Jersey. Historical Records 
Published by the New Jersey Society of Philadelphia. Volume I. Com- 
piled and Edited by Frank H. Stewart, Historian of the Society. 1917. 
[No place, no publisher.] 

This volume is the first publication of a society formed for the laud- 
able purpose of collecting and preserving historical and genealogical 
records relating to New Jersey. It is to be hoped that the society will 
continue its good work. The present volume contains much of interest 
to Friends, as, for instance, " Samuel Mickle's Diary, 1792-1829," 100 pages 
of extracts ; " Job Whitall's Diary, 1776-1777," six pages, relating to 
Revolutionary War; Extracts from "Diary of Ann Whitall, 1760-1780," 
two pages. There is also a paper by our friend, Samuel N. Rhoads, on 
'■ Haddon Hall," ten pages, a reprint in part of his paper in the Bulletin, 
Volume III, pages 58-70. The editor seems to be rather new to his work, 
as both the editing and the indexing might be much improved. 

Note. — A few copies were on sale at " The State House Book-Shop " 
(N. F. McGirr), 221 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia. 

A History of the Christian Church. By Williston Walker. New 
York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1918. 

This stout octavo volume of 624 pages by Professor Walker, of Yale 
University, is a wonder of compression. It is written with the author's 
well known fairness. One section, two and a half pages, is given to " The 
Quakers," besides one or two other brief references. His treatment, con- 
sidering the space he was able to allow, is fair. His statement (page 



ii6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

480). "In that year 1666 Monthly Meetings were established" is hardly 
correct. Such meetings were held as early as 1653, and seem to have been 
pretty general by 1660.1 According to Thomas Ellwood, George Fox 
went about " through the countries ... to set up Monthly and Quarterly 
Meetings." Fox was in Ellwood's county, Buckinghamshire, in 1666 and 
1668, and doubtless did set up monthly meetings, but they were common in 
the northern counties, and probably Fox wished to increase the number, 
especially in the south. It was not a new, or a general institution, as Ell- 
wood's words might not unreasonably imply. 

Life and Works of Amos M. Kenworthy. By Lydia M. Williams- 
Cammack and Truman C. Kenworthy. Nicholson Printing Co., Rich- 
mond, Ind., 1918. 7^ x sH in., pp. xiii, 292. $1.10. 

Amos M. Kenworthy (1831-1917) was an unusual character, and if 
any life of him was thought to be desirable, it should have been a far 
better one than this, which indeed is not a " life " at all, but rather an 
ill-digested and ill-arranged scrap-book of anecdotes and opinions concern- 
ing him. The only part of the book which could be called a " life " is 
that (about sixty pages) devoted to his visit to Great Britain and Ire- 
land. The " Works " are about a hundred pages of " Sermon Notes." 
Five portraits and one view are given. Typographical errors and wrong 
spellings abound, particularly in the letters from abroad. 

The Journal of Samuel Rowland Fisher, of Philadelphia, i^^g-iySi, 
which has been appearing in several numbers of the Pennsylvania Maga- 
zine of History and Biography (see Bulletin, VII, 107; VIII, 43), has 
been privately issued separately in an attractive form, by his great- 
granddaughter, Anna Wharton Morris, of Philadelphia. Students of 
Quaker history have reason to thank the owner for allowing this inter- 
esting and valuable record to be printed. 



1 Braithwaite, " The Beginnings of Quakerism," pp. 329 ff. ; " Letters 
of Early Friends," pp. 228-292 ; " Epistles," London Yearly Meeting, 1858, 
p. vi ; " Journal of George Fox," Bi-Centennial Edition, ii, 79, 90 ; Ell- 
wood, Autobiog. (Crump's edition, 1900), pp. 152, 153. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



NOTES AND QUERIES 



Wages in the Seventeenth 
Century. — " But I shall tell 
you Schollers of Oxford and 
Cambridge, in your rhimes and in 
your Lodgick, it would be more 
pleasing to God for you to get a 
spade on your backs, & a great 
old glove; and a bill in your 
hand, and stop gaps and make up 
old hedges and thresh out corn, 
& go amongst the day labouring 
men for 3d a day." — From a Post- 
script to " To the Musicioners," 
etc., by Humphrey Smith, 1658, by 
G[eorge] F[ox]. 

Book Notices. — In the Ameri- 
can Historical Review, July, 1918, 
Louise Creighton's " Life and 
Letters of Thomas Hodgkin " is 
the subject of an appreciative re- 
view by Prof. Ephraim Emerton, 
of Harvard University; and Ray- 
ner W. Kelsey's " Friends and the 
Indians " is reviewed by Francis 
E. Leupp, formerly United States 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 
also favorably. 

Cedar Creek Meeting House, 
1770. — In Mary Newton Stan- 
nard's " Colonial Virginia," noted 
on a previous page, there is given 
(page 329) a picture of the 
" Quaker Meeting House, Cedar 
Creek, Hanover County, Virginia, 
built in 1770." This house, built 
of brick said to have been im- 
ported from England, was about 



twenty-five miles northwest of 
Richmond. It was burned down 
about twenty years ago. It had 
not been used by Friends for a 
long period. 

Friends in the Cambridge 
History of American Litera- 
ture. — In the first volume of this 
work (1917), the only one as yet 
published, Friends naturally play 
a small part. To John Woolman, 
whom Prof. Woodbridge Riley, 
of Vassar College, calls " a sort 
of provincial Piers Plowman," 
are given two pages of apprecia- 
tive notice. Too much emphasis 
is laid upon him as " an humble 
tailor." As a matter of fact, 
Woolman was by no means an 
uneducated man ; he had taught 
school, and had read considerably 
in the best literature of the day ; 
he, moreover, wrote many wills, 
deeds, and leases. 

Alice Curwen, Robert Barrow, 
Jonathan Dickinson, and George 
Keith are little more than men- 
tioned ; John Bartram and 
William Bartram have one or 
more paragraphs. 

Friends' Unit in France, 1917. 
— Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant 
(A.B., Bryn Mawr, 1903), in her 
article in the Century for Octo- 
ber, 1918, entitled " Nothing is 
Lost: Reconstruction and Evac- 
uation Work In Northern 



ii8 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



France" (autumn of 1917), 
writes as follows : "At Gruny, 
Golancourt, and Ham, units of 
the English and American 
Friends, allied with the Red 
Cross, were patching roofs and 
windows and helping out with 
agricultural work. No work was 
too menial for the Friends, 
though a great part of them were 
college graduates, and they had 
probably done more for the land 
than any one of the American 
group." (Page 730.) 

There is also a fine illustration, 
" Quaker Boys Repairing the 
Neuve Blangy's Roof at Gruny." 

A Quaker Socialist Move- 
ment. — In the Nation (New 
York) for September 14, 1918, 
there is an interesting letter by 
Herbert W. Horwill, dated Lon- 
don, August 7, igi8, on "A 
Quaker Socialist Movement." 
The letter merits perusal. 

Ohio Yearly Meeting. — Our 
friend, Watson W. Dewees, of 
Haverford, began in The Friend 
(Philadelphia) for Eighth month 
23, " Notes on the Early History 
of Ohio Yearly Meeting." They 
will run through several numbers 
of The Friend. 

Journal of the Friends' His- 
torical Society. — The last issue 
of this periodical is a double 
number (Vol. XV, Nos. i and 2). 
As usual there is much of inter- 
est. The letter of Joseph Bring- 
hurst and those of Frederick 
Smith to the Poet Cowper, and 



his reply, are worthy of special 
notice. The department of " Notes 
and Queries " is also very good. 

An Opinion of John Wool- 
man. — " The Journal of John 
Woolman (1720-1772), a disciple 
of Fox born in New Jersey, was 
greatly admired by Whittier, and 
has a charm of its own for de- 
vout readers. Woolman had a 
beautiful soul, with a most 
Christlike spirit and deep love for 
man, but he had no common 
sense whatever, and was gov- 
erned wholly by impressions in the 
most fanatical way — an interest- 
ing personage who causes in us 
much wonderment." — James 
Mudge, in The Biblical Review 
Quarterly, New York, July, 1918, 
pp. 452, 453- 

A Seventeenth Century Book 
Title. — " The Voice of one cry- 
ing in the Wilderness, or the 
Business of a Christian, both 
antecedaneous to, and concomi- 
tant of, and consequent upon, a 
sore and heavy Visitation," by 
S. S. [Samuel Shand], 1668. 

Friends' Settlements in 
Western New York, 1792.— In 
connection with the papers on set- 
tlements of Friends in Canada 
(pages 100-106), the following 
quotation from letters describing 
settlements in western New York, 
1791-1792, will be interesting. The 
" Genesee Tract," referred to, 
was a tract of land eighty miles 
long by forty-two miles wide, sit- 
uated just west of Seneca Lake. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



119 



" Beside these settlers [those from 
New York, New England and 
Pennsylvania] who actually oc- 
cupy the Genesee Tract, there is 
an establishment of Quakers, 
called the Friends' Settlement, 
situated on the eastern ridge of 
the grant, and at the outlet of the 
Crooked Lake [now called Keuka 
Lake], consisting of 260 persons, 
who are very industrious and have 
already made considerable im- 
provements, having completed an 
excellent grist and saw mill some 
time since. It is expected there 
will be double that number before 
a twelvemonth." 1791-1792. 

" The settlements formed by a 
society of Friends on the west 
side of the Seneca Lake, is the 
most considerable; it consists of 
about 40 families." 1792. 

E. B. O'Callaghan, " Documen- 
tary History of New York," Vol. 
II, 648, 659. 



A List of Quaker Books. — Un- 
der its awkward and rather un- 
meaning name, the " Yorkshire 
1905 Committee " has done excel- 
lent work in spreading reliable in- 
formation and knowledge con- 
cerning Quaker doctrine, practice, 
biography and history. In num- 
ber A34 of its publications, " Ex- 
tension through the Printed 
Word — Libraries, Literature and 
Advertising," much valuable in- 
formation is given regarding 
Quaker literature and how it 
should be used. There are also 
suggestions concerning "Advertis- 
ing of Friends' Meetings." While 
much applies only to Great Britain 
and Ireland some suggestions 
might be worked out in America. 
A supplement gives a useful " List 
of Quaker Books Suitable for 
Meeting House Libraries." Many 
of the books would be desirable in 
American libraries. 



In order to conserve paper, labor, etc., one copy only of the 
Bulletin will be sent to a household. If another copy is de- 
sired by a member of Friends' Historical Society of Philadelphia, 
kindly notify Mary S. Allen, secretary, 24 West St., Media, Pa. 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

CONSTITUTION 

of 
Friends' Historical Society of Philadelphia 



ARTICLE I. 

NAME. 

This Association shall be denominated Friends' Historical 
Society of Philadelphia. 

ARTICLE II. 

OBJECTS. 

The objects of the Society shall be to collect manuscripts, 
heirlooms, antiques and other material and data of historical or 
sentimental importance for preservation or publication, for the 
elucidation of the history of the Society of Friends and for the 
promotion of historical interest and research among its members. 

ARTICLE III. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

All persons interested in the purposes of the Society are 
eligible for membership and may be elected thereto by majority 
vote at any meeting of the Society or of the Council. 

Any member of the Society of Friends (not resident in 
Philadelphia) well known for his researches in the history of 
Friends may be elected an Honorary Member of this Society. 
Such members shall enjoy all the privileges of membership ex- 
cept voting, and shall be exempt from the payment of dues. 

ARTICLE IV. 

OFFICERS. 

The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two 
Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, all of whom shall 
be elected annually — also of twelve Councillors, six of whom 
shall be elected each year. 

The officers shall be ex-officio members of the Council, and 
both officers and Councillors shall be members of the Religious 
Societv of Friends. 



CONSTITUTION. I2l 

ARTICLE V. 

FUNDS. 

All life membership dues, legacies, bequests, amounts over- 
subscribed to special funds, and such funds or other amounts as 
may from time to time be so appropriated by the Council, shall 
constitute a Permanent Fund, to be kept invested, and the in- 
come therefrom to be used for the general purposes of the So- 
ciety. 

The Permanent Fund may be used for other purposes of a 
substantial and permanent character, upon majority vote of the 
Society, after one year's prior notice in writing stating the 
specific purposes proposed. 

ARTICLE VI. 

BY-LAWS. 

The details of management of the Society shall be provided 
for in the By-Laws. 

ARTICLE VH. 

AMENDMENTS. 

This Constitution may be amended at any meeting of the 
Society, provided that a notice of the intended amendment shall 
have been given two months in advance. 



122 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

BY-LAWS 

of 
Friends' Historical Society of Philadelphia 



ARTICLE I. 

ANNUAL MEETING. 

The Annual Meeting of the Society shall be held on the last 
Second-day of the Eleventh month, at such place and hour as the 
Council may decide. Other meetings of the Society, either for 
the transaction of business or for the consideration of historical 
subjects, may be called by the Council giving due notice. 

ARTICLE II. 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

1. Roll Call. 

2. Reading of Minutes of previous stated meeting and 
special meetings. 

3. Report of Treasurer. 

4. Report of Standing Committees. 

5. Report of Special Committees, 

6. Unfinished Business. 

7. New Business. 

ARTICLE III. 

NOMINATING COMMITTEE. 

At each Annual Meeting a Committee shall be appointed by 
the President to make nominations to the next Annual Meeting 
for Officers and Councillors. Other nominations may be pre- 
sented over the signatures of three members at any Annual 
Meeting. 

ARTICLE IV. 

COUNCIL. 

The Officers of the Society shall also be the Officers of the 
Council. Vacancies among the Officers or Councillors may be 
filled by the Council. 



BY-LAWS. 123 

ARTICLE V. 

ANNUAL DUES. 

The minimum annual subscription shall be one dollar, and 
the payment of $50.00 by a member shall constitute life mem- 
bership. Non-payment of an annual subscription for two suc- 
cessive years upon due notice by the Secretary, shall constitute 
withdrawal from membership. 

ARTICLE VI. 

MEETINGS OF COUNCIL. 

The Council shall meet at the call of the President, or upon 
the request of three members of the Council. Seven members 
shall constitute a quorum. 

ARTICLE VII. 

COMMITTEES. 

The President shall appoint from the Officers or Councillors : 

1. Committee on Finance, to consist of three members, who 
with the Treasurer shall collect and control the income and dis- 
bursements of the Society, and shall have the custody of the 
Permanent Fund and securities comprising it. 

2. Committee on Historical Research, to suggest lines of 
research, to bring forward matters of interest, to have charge of 
all collections of historical matter ; and to make such investiga- 
tions as are necessary in regard to proposed deposits. 

3. Publication Committee of three members. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

AMENDMENTS. 

Amendments to these By-Laws may be made by the Council 
when offered in writing at any meeting of the Council, notice 
having been given at least one month previously. 



124 



INDEX. 



Index to Volumes VII and VIII 



Allen, William C, A Quaker 
Diary in the Orient VII, 22 

Alliterative Names VII, 109 

Almanacs, Items from, Allen C. 
Thomas VII, 58 

American Revolution, An Inci- 
dent of VII, 108 
America's View of the Sequel, 
Royal J. Davis VII, 104 
An Admiral's Son, etc. VIII, 113 
Annual Monitor, 1916 VII, 68 
Annual Monitor, igi? VIII, 40 
Archccology and the Bible, by 
George A. Barton, Ph.D., 
LL.D. VII, 71 
Archdale, John, On the Parlia- 
mentary Oath VII, 74 
Arch Street Meeting House, 
Philadelphia, 1805 VII, 57, 58 

Bacon, David VIII, 12 

Bacon, Hannah Jones, Life at the 
Old Home VII, 105 

Baily, Joshua L. Address at Cen- 
tennial Celebration of Twelfth 
Street Meeting House, Phila- 
delphia, 1912 VIII, 56 

Barton, George A., Archccology 
and the Bible VII, 71 

Barton, George A., Religions of 
the World VIII, 40 

Becket, Mary, Concerning, Allen 
C. Thomas VIII, 13 

Becket, Mary, " Disbursements on 
actt. of " VIII, 19 

Benezet, Anthony, Samuel Hazard 
on VII, 100 

Biles, Jane VIII, 75 



Binns, Henry Bryan, November, 
Poems in War Time VIII, 82 

Books of Interest to Friends (Re- 
views), VII, 31, 68, 103 
VIII, 37, 79, 113 

Bownas, Samuel VIII, 73, 76 

Bowne, Samuel and Mary, of 
Flushing and their Friends, 
Allen C. Thomas 

VII, 85 ; VIII, 13, 70 

Bright, John, On the Crimean 
War VII, 98 

Brown, Gen. Jacob, Was He a 
"Fighting Quaker"? VIII, 109 

Brown, Mary Willits, " Holland's 
Welfare," the John Warder 
School at Amsterdam VII, 2 

Brown, Moses, and Rachel Wil- 
son VIII, 30 

Brown, Moses, Sketch of 

VIII. 31 

Burlington Quarterly Meeting, 
1732, Remonstrance from 

VII, 10 

Canada. Proposed Settlement of 
Friends in 1790; also 1796 

VIII, 100, 104 
Cedar Creek Meeting House 

VIII, 117 
Chalkley, Thomas VIII, 72, 73 
" Charles Roberts Collection of 
Quakeriana," Sale of VIII, 87 
Christian Church, History of, W. 
Walker VIII, 115 

"Christopher's Hollow" (Sand- 
wich, Mass.), Asa S. Wing 

VIII, 68 



INDEX. 



125 



Clarke, Herbert Edwin, A 
Scarcely Known Quaker Poet 

VII, 108 
Coffin, Charles F., 1823-1916 

VII, 66 
Coleman, Elihu, of Nantucket 

VIII, 31 
Concerning Prayer, Its Nature, 

etc., by the author of Pro 
Christo et Ecclesia, etc. 

VII, 104 
Conference of Men Friends, 

Richmond, Ind., Proceedings 
and Address VII, 71 

Creighton, Louise, Life and Let- 
ters of Thomas Hodgkin 

VIII, 79 
Crimean War, John Bright on 

VII, 98 



Davis, Royal J. America's View 

of the Sequel VII, 104 

Dawson, Josiah VIII, 63 

Deacon, J. Byron, Disasters and 

the American Red Cross, etc. 

VIII, 82 

" Dependent Brethren " VIII, 85 

Dickinson, John, Extract from a 

Letter of VII, 9 

Dirkin, Alexander VIII, 58 

Disasters and the American Red 

Cross. J. Byron Deacon 

VIII, 82 
" Discipline," Changes in Phila- 
delphia Yearly Meeting, 1916 
VIL 75 
Ditzlcr, William U. VIII, 61 

Donations of English Friends to 
American Sufferers, 1789-1790 
VIL 70 
" Drafted " Friend in 1863, A 

VII, 37 



Dreamer of Dreams, Being a New 
and Intimate Telling of the 
Love Story of Will Penn the 
Quaker, by Oliver Huckel 

VII, 103 

Drinker, John, Lines to Rachel 
Wilson VIII, iZ 

Elliott, John VIII, II 

Emlen, James VIII, 12 

English Friends, Donations of, 

1 789- 1 790 VII, 79 

Evans, John, vs. Ellis Yarnall, 



and others, 1810 



VIL 50 



Fisher, Journal of Samuel Row- 
land VII, 107; VIII, 116 

Fothergill, John VIII, 74 

Foulke, Edward and Tacy. See 
Life at the Old Home VII, 105 

Fox, George, on wages in seven- 
teenth century VIII, 117 

Friends beyond Seas, H. T. 
Hodgkin " VII, 69 

Friends' Books, List of VIII, ii9 

Friends and Indians, Some. Ella 
K. Barnard VIII, 11 

Friends and the Indians, 1655- 
1917, R. W. Kelsey VIII, 81 

Friends' Historical Society of 
Philadelphia, Annual Meetings 
VII, 39, loi; VIII. 77 
Annual Excursion, 1916 

VIL 62 
Officers and Council, 1916-17 
VII, 40; X917-18, VII, 102; 
1918-19. VIII, 78 

Friends' Quarterly Exatniner, 
TQiS VIII, 114 

Friends' Reconstruction Work in 
France VIII. 87 



126 



INDEX. 



Friends' Settlements in New 
York, 1792 VIII, 118 

in Canada, 1790, 1796 

VIII, 100, 104 

Fry, Elizabeth, the Angel of the 
Prisons, Laura E. Richards 

VII, 103 
Gay, Claude, Sketch of VII, 27 
Gay, Claude, the Quaker, and Vol- 
taire VII, 27 

George, Thomas, Edwin, and 
Jesse VIII, 63 

Gilbert, Benjamin, Letter of 1796 
VIII, 104 

Gloucester, N. J., Notes on Old 
VIII, 115 

Gordon, Lord Adam, Pennsyl- 
vania in 1765 VII, 99 

Graham, John William, William 
Penn, Founder of Pennsyl- 
vania VIII, 2>7 

Gravestones, Removal of, by 
Friends VII, 11-13 

Greene, Gen. Nathanael, Was He 
a Fighting Quaker? VIII, 108 

Greener, Amy, A Lover of Books, 
etc. Lucy Harrison VII, 106 

Grubb, Edward, What is Quaker- 
ism VIII, 42 

Gurney, Joseph John, in Philadel- 
phia, 1837, Julianna R. Wood 
VII, 54 

Gwatkin, H. M. On the Quakers 

VIII, 85 
Harris, H. Wilson, President 

Wilson, His Problems and His 

Policy VIII, 39 

Harrison, James VIII, IS 

Harrison, Lucy. See A Lover of 

Books, etc. VII, 106 

Harrison, Phebe (wife of 

Phineas Pemberton) 

VIII, 14 ff. 



Hartshorne, William VIII, n 

Haverf ord College. See Story of 
a Small College VIII, 83 

Haydock, Elinor (wife of Roger 
Haydock) VIII, 14 fJ., 74 

Haydock, Roger VIII, 14 ff. 

Henry, Patrick, Rachel Wilson's 
Visit to VIII, 28 

Hobhouse, Stephen, on " English 
Prisons" VIII, 114, 115 

Hodgkin, Henry T., Friends Be- 
yond Seas VII, 69 
The Missionary Spirit and the 
Present Opportunity VII, 69 

Hodgkin, Henry T. See Minis- 
try of Reconciliation, etc. 

VII, 105 
Hodgkin, L. V. Quaker Saints 

VIII, 80 
Hodgkin, Thomas, Life and Let- 

ers of, L. Creighton VIII, 79 

Holland, Rupert S., William Penn 

VII, 31 

"Holland's Welfare "—The John 

Warder School at Amsterdam 

VII, 2 

Hopkins, Stephen VIII, 32 

Huckel, Oliver, A Dreamer of 

Dreams, etc. VII, 103 



Indians, American, and the In- 
ward Light. Rayner W. Kel- 
sey VIII, 54 

Indians. See A Journey to the 
Cherokees VII, 15, 42 

Indians, Shawnee, History of, by 
Henry Harvey VII, 76 

Indians, Some Friends and. Ella 
K. Barnard VIII, 11 

Indians, New York, in 1795 

VII, 75 



INDEX. 



137 



Inward Light, American Indians 
and the. R. W. Kelsey 

VIII, 54 
" Inward Light," Whittier on 

VII, n 

Janney, O. Edward, Quakerism 
and Its Applications to Some 
Modern Problems VIII, 8i 

Japan, Yearly Meeting in VIII, 84 

John Warder School at Amster- 
dam VII, 2 

Jones, Rebecca, Women's Yearly 
Meeting, Arch Street, 1805 

VII, 58 

Jones, Rufus M. See Concern- 
ing Prayer, etc. VII, 104 

Jones, Rufus M. See Record of 
a Quaker Conscience VIII, 83 

Jones, William VIII, 65 

Journal of Friends' Historical So- 
ciety, Notice of VIII, 118 

Journey to the Cherokees, 1839-40, 
David E. Knowles VII, 15, 42 

Journey from Newport, R. I., to 
Ohio — I, 181 1, Rowse Taylor 

VIII, 90 

Keith, Charles P., Chronicles of 
Pennsylvania, 1688-1748 

VIII, 40 

Kelsey, Rayner W. American 

Indians and the Inward Light 

VIII, 54 

Kelsey, Rayner W. Friends and 

the Indians, 1655-1917 VIII, 81 

Kinsey, John. Isaac Sharpless 

VIII, 2, 46 
Knowles, David E., Journey to 
the Cherokees, 1839-1840 

VII, 15, 42 



Lctchworth, John 



VIII, 60 



Logan, James, Acknowledgment 
by. Regarding Warlike Meas- 
ures VII, 26 

Logan, James, to William Penn, 
1708 VII, 22 

Lindley, Jacob VIII, il 

London Yearly Meeting, An Ad- 
journed Session VII, 36 

LuttreU's Diary, its untrustworthi- 
ness VII, 32 

Life at the Old Home.. .Some Ac- 
count of Edward and Tacy 
Foulke VII, 105 

Lippincott, Horace Mather, Early 
Philadelphia, Its People, Life 
and Progress VIII, 41 

Lover of Books, The Life and 
Literary Papers of Lucy Har- 
rison, A, Amy Greener VII, 106 

Lloyd, David, James Logan's 
Opinion of VII, 24 

Lowe, Elinor (wife of Roger 
Haydock) VIII, 14 ff. 

Loyd, Mary Ann VIII, 60 

Macaulay, Lord, Sir Leslie Ste- 
phen, on, Sir Adolphus W. 
Ward VII, 95 

Macaulay, T. B. See William 

Pcnn, Macaulay, and " Punch " 

VII, 91 

Macaulay and the Friends, 
William Tallack VII, 96 

Marriages of First-cousins, Atti- 
tude of Friends in i8th Cen- 
tury VII, II, 13 

Marriage with Deceased Wife's 
Sister VII, 14 

Mather and Penn Hoax 

VIII, 43. 44 

Meeting of Ministers and Elders 
and "Young Ministers" 

VII, II, 15 



128 



INDEX. 



Meetings, Friends', Times of 
Holding, in 1789 VII, 60 

Men Friends, Conference of at 
Richmond, Ind., 1915 VII, 71 

Ministry of Reconciliation, Chris- 
tian Pacifism, etc. H. T. Hodg- 
kin and others VII, 105 

Mollet, John Stephen, of Amster- 
dam, and the Warder School 

VII, 5 ff. 

Moore, Joseph VIII, 11 

Morton, Samuel VIII, 26 

New England Yearly Meeting, 
1769 VIII, 30 

"Newport News," Origin of the 
name VIII, 84 

New York, Friends' Settlements 
in Western VIII, 118 

North Meeting House, Philadel- 
phia, Passing of, 1918 

VIII, 106 
Notes and Queries 

VII, 36, 73, 108; VIII, 43, 84, 117 

November, Poems in War Time, 

Henry Bryan Binns VIII, 82 

Ohio Yearly Meeting. Early His- 
tory of Vlil, 118 
Our Missions VII, 36 

Parke, Abiah VIII, 11 

Parrish, John VIII, 11, 12 

Peace of Europe, Fruits of Soli- 
tude, etc. William Penn 

VII, 35 
Pemberton, Israel, Rachel Wil- 
son's Letter to VIII, 26 
Pemberton, John, Letters to His 
Wife relating to Rachel Wilson 
VIII. 29, 30 
Pemberton, Phineas and Phebe 

VII, 85 ff. 



Penn, Hannah Callowhill VIII, 44 

Penn, Letitia, Certificate of Re- 
moval for, 1701 VIII, 35 

Penn, William, Rupert S. Hol- 
land VII, 31 

Penn, William. See A Dreamer 
of Dreams, etc. VII, 103 

Penn, William. See An Ad- 
miral's Son VIII, 113 

Penn, William, James Logan to 
VII, 22 

Penn, William, Founder of Penn- 
sylvania, John William Graham 
VIII, Z7 

Penn, William, A Letter of 

VIII, 44 

Penn, William, Macaulay, and 
" Punch," Allen C. Thomas 

VII, 91 

Penn, William, Peace of Europe, 
Fruits of Solitude, etc. 

VII, 35 

Penn, William, His Prayer for 
Philadelphia VII, 67 

Penn, William, Tablet (illustra- 
tion) VII, facing p. 77 

Penn's Statue on City Hall, Phil- 
adelphia, Frances T. Rhoads 

VII, 37 

Penney, Norman, British Relief 

Sent to American Friends, 1789 

VII, 74 

Pennock, Abraham L. VIII, 58 

Pennsylvania, . Chronicles of, 
168S-1748, Charles P. Keith 

VIII, 40 

Pennsylvania in 1765, Lord Adam 
Gordon VII, 99 

Philadelphia, Early, Its People, 
Life, and Progress, Horace 
Mather Lippincot VIII, 41 

Philadelphia in 1765 VII, 99 



INDEX. 



129 



Philadelphia, Center Square Water 
Works, 1801 VII, no 

Philadelphia, Origin of Street 
Nomenclature VIII, 38 

Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, Dis- 
cipline, Changes in 1916 VII, 75 

Postage, Rates of, 1799 VII, 62 

Princeton Students' Request to 
Rachel Wilson, 1769 VIII, 24 

Pringle, Cyrus G. See Record of 
a Quaker Conscience 

VIII, 83, 86 

Proud, Robert, Notice of VII, no 

" Punch," William Penn, Macau- 
lay, and VII, 91 

Quakers, The, Dr. H. M. Gwat- 
kin on VIII, 85 

Quakers, The, Rufus M. Jones 

VIII, 43 

Quaker Diary in the Orient, A, 
W. C. Allen VII, ^i 

Quaker of the Future Time, The, 
George A. Walton VII, 105 

Quakers, Origin of, at Sandwich, 
Massachusetts, Ezra Stiles 

VIII, 66 

Quakers' Farezvell to England, 
The, a Ballad VII, 34 

Quakers in Colonial Virginia 

VIII, 112 

Quaker Saints, L. V. Hodgkin 

VIII, 80 

Quaker Strongholds, in Esper- 
anto VII, 73 

Quakerism, What is, Edward 
Grubb VIII, 42 

Quakerism, etc., O. Edward Jan- 
ney VIII, 81 

Rancocas, N. J. VII, 63 

Reconstruction Work in France, 

Friends' Unit VIII, 117 



Record of a Quaker Conscience, 
Cyrus Pringle's Diary, with In- 
troduction by Rufus M. Jones 
VIII, 83, 86 

Relief Sent to American Friends, 
British, 1789 VII, 74 

Relief Work in France, Friends' 
VII, 109 

Religions of the World, by George 
A. Barton VIII, 40 

Rhoads, Frances Tatum, Penn's 
Statue on City Hall, Philadel- 
phia VII, 2,7 

Richards, Laura E., Elizabeth 
Fry, the Angel of the Prisons 
VII, 103 

Robson, S. E., Joshua Rowntree 
VII, 70 

Rotch, William, Memorandum 
written in the Eightieth Year of 
His Age VII, 68 

Rowntree, Joshua, by S. E. Rob- 
son VII, 70 

Russia. Revolution in, 1917 

VII, 78 



Saint Paul, the Hero, Rufus M. 
Jones VII, 106 

Sandwich, Massachusetts, Origin 
of Quakers at, Ezra Stiles 

VIII, 66 
Sandy Spring Meeting, Md. 

VIII. 43 
Savery, William VIII, n, 12 

Settlement of Friends in Canada, 
1790, Proposed; also in 1796 

VIII. 100, 104 
Sharp, Isaac VIII, 43 

Sharpless, Isaac, John Kinsey 

VIII, 2, 46 

Sharpless, Isaac, Story of a Small 

College [Haverford] VIII, 83 



130 



INDEX. 



Shoemaker, Ann, Women's 
Yearly Meeting, Arch Street, 
1805 VII, 57 

Silence System in British Prisons, 
S. Hobhouse VIII, 114, nS 

"Snowbound," Whittier's VII, 75 

Socialist, Movement, A Quaker 

VIII, 118 

Stage Routes, 1789, 1800, 1787 

VII, 60, 61 

Stephen, Sir Leslie, on Macaulay 
VII, 95 

Steddon, Martha. See "An Inci- 
dent of the American Revolu- 
tion " VII, 108 

Stevi^ardson, Thomas, on Mary 
Becket VIII, 13 

Stiles, Ezra, Origin of the Quak- 
ers at Sandwich, Massachusetts 
VIII, 66 

Story of a Small College (Haver- 
ford), Isaac Sharpless VIII, 83 

" Swarthmore Lectures " 

The Missionary Spirit, etc., 
H. T. Hodgkin VII, 69 

The Day of Visitation, William 
Littleboy VIII, 37 

The Social Outlook, Lucy F. 
Morland VIII, 113 

Swift, Henry D., "A Drafted 
Friend in 1863 " VII, Z7 



Tallack, William, Macaulay and 
the Friends VII, 96 

Taylor, Rowse, A Journey from 
Newport, R. I., 181 1— I VIII 90 

Thomas, Allen C, Items from 
Old Almanacs VII, 58 

Books of Interest to Friends 

VII, 31, 68, 103 

VIII, 37, 79, 113 



Samuel and Mary Bowne, of 
Flushing, and their Friends. 
Allen C. Thomas 

VII, 85 VIII, 13, 70 
William Penn, Macaulay and 
"Punch" VII, 91 

Concerning Mary Becket 

VIII, 13 
Rachel Wilson, of Kendal, 
Notes of her visit to Amer- 
ica, 1768-1769 VIII, 25 
Annual Excursion Friends' His- 
torical Society, 1916 VII, 62 
Thornton, Elisha, " His Al- 
manac," 1790 VII, 59, 73 
Three Notable Events of 1917 

VII, 78 
Twelfth Street Meeting House, 
Philadelphia, Centennial Ad- 
dress, 1912, Joshua L. Baily 

VIII, 56 

Vaux, Richard VIII, 65 

Vaux, Roberts VIII, 63 

Virginia, Quakers in Colonial 

VIII, 112 

Voltaire and the Quaker, Claude 

Gay VII, 27 

Wages in Seventeenth Century 

VIII, 117 

Walker, Lewis VIII, 61 

Walker, Williston, on the Quak- 
ers vni, 115 

Walton, George A., The Quaker 
of the Future Time VII, lOS 

War, The Great, Entry of U. S. 
Into, 1917 VII, 78 

Ward, Sir Adolphus W., on Ma- 
caulay VII, 95 

Warder, John, Note on VII, 8 

Warder, John, and the Prize 
" Holland's Welfare " VII, 2-4 



INDEX. 



ni 



Warder School at Amsterdam 

VII, 73 
West, Benjamin, Gait's Life of 

VIII, 41, 44 
Westland Monthly Meeting, Pa. 
Extracts from Minutes of, 1790 
VIII, 100 
Whitall, John M. VIII, 62 

Whittier, John G., Letter of, 
1869, relating to Dora Green- 
well's "John Woolman" and 
the " Inward Light " VII, 73 
Whittier, An Estimate of, by 
A. H. Strong VII, 109 

" William Forrest Estate " 

VII, 38 
Wilson, Rachel, of Kendal, Notes 
of her visit to America, 1768- 
1769, Allen C. Thomas 

VIII, 25 
Wilson, Rachel, of Kendal, Re- 
quest of Princeton Students, 
1769 VIII, 24 

Wilson, President, His Problems 
and His Policy, H. Wilson Har- 
ris VIII, 39 

Wistar, Thomas VIII, 59 



Wing, Asa S. " Christopher's 
Hollow" (Sandwich, Mass.) 

VIII, 68 
Withy, George (his dream) 

VII, 97 
Woman in U. S. House of Repre- 
sentatives, A VII, 79 
Women's Yearly Meeting, Arch 
Street, 1805, Ann Shoemaker 

VII, 57 
Do. Rebecca Jones VII, 58 
Wood, Julianna R., Joseph John 
Gurney in Philadelphia, 1837 

VII, 54 

Woolman, John, Addressed by 

Rachel Wilson, 1769 VIII, 33 

Woolman's (John) "Homes and 

Haunts" VII, 63 

Woolman, John, opinions on 

VIII, 117, 118 

Yarnall, Ellis VIII, 59 

Yarnall, Ellis, and Others, John 

Evans versus VII, 50 



Zeisberger, David, 
Friends 



Mention of 
VIII, II 



ADDENDA TO INDEX. 



Friends' Historical Society of 
Philadelphia, Constitution and 
By-Laws, 1918 VIII, 120 

Kenworthy, Amos M., Life and 
Works of, by Lydia M. Wil- 



liams-Cammack and T. C. Ken- 
worthy VIII. 116 

Morland, Lucy F., " Swarthmore 
Lecture, 1918," The Social Out- 
look VIII, 113 



BULLETIN OF 



Friends' Historical Society 

OF 

Philadelphia 



(Founded Fifth Month i6, 1904) 



VOLUMES VII-VIII 
1916-1918 



Philadelphia 
FERRIS & LEACH 

29 S. Seventh Street 



CONTENTS. 



Contents 

VOLUME VII. 

" Holland's Welfare " — The John Warder School at Amster- 
dam Mary Willitts Brown 2 

Note on John Warder 8 

Extract from a Letter of John Dickinson, 1799 9 

A Remonstrance from Burlington Quarterly Meeting, 1732 . . 10 

Some Account of a Journey to the Cherokees, 1839-1840 — 
(Continued) David E. Knowles. . 15, 42 

James Logan to William Penn, 1708 22 

An Acknowledgment by James Logan 26 

Voltaire and the Quaker, Claude Gay 27 

Books of Interest to Friends 31, 68, 103 

Notes and Queries 36, 73, 108 

John Evans vs. Ellis Yarnall and Others, 1810 50 

Joseph John Gurney in Philadelphia, 1837 54 

Items from Old Almanacs, 1787-1800 Allen C. Thomas 58 

Annual Excursion of the Friends' Historical Society, 1916 ... 62 

Charles F. Coffin, 1823-1916 66 

William Penn's Prayer for Philadelphia 6^ 

Three Notable Events of 1817 78 

Amount of Money Disposed of Out of Donations from Eng- 
lish Friends. 1789-1790 79 



CONTENTS. Ill 

Samuel and Mary Bowne, of Flushing, and their Friends — I. 

Allen C. Thomas 85 
William Penn, Macaulay, and " Punch "... .Allen C. Thomas 91 

Macaulay and the Friends William Tallack 96 

George Withy's Dream 97 

John Bright on the Crimean War 98 

Pennsylvania as Seen by an English Traveller, in 1765, Lord 
Alfred Gordon 99 

Annual Meeting of Friends' Historical Society loi 

Officers of Friends' Historical Society, 1917-1918 102 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Bewaar School, Amsterdams Welvaren Frontispiece 

William Penn's Prayer for Philadelphia Facing yj 

" Pen versus Penn; or, The Quakers Non-Plussed ". .Facing 92 

VOLUME VIII. 

John Kinsey (1693- 1750) — I, II Isaac Sharpless. .2, 46 

Some Friends and Indians Ella K. Barnard 1 1 

Samuel and Mary Bowne and their Friends — II (Concerning 

Mary Becket) — III Allen C. Thomas. . 13, 70 

" Disbursements on Acctt of Mary Becket " (Roger Haydock) 19 
A Request of Princeton Students to Rachel Wilson, of Ken- 
dal, 1769 24 

Rachel Wilson, of Kendal (1722-1776). and Notes of Her 
Visit to America. 1768-1769 Allen C. Thomas 25 



IV CONTENTS. 

Certificate of Removal for Letitia Penn, 1701 35 

Books of Interest to Friends 37, 79 

Notes and Queries 43, 84 

American Indians and the Inner Light. . . .Rayner W. Kelsey 54 

Address at the Centennial of Twelfth Street Meeting House, 
Tenth month 25, 1912 Joshua L. Baily 56 

Origin of the Quakers at Sandwich, Massachusetts, from 
Diary of Ezra Stiles ( 1755-1794) 66 

" Christopher's Hollow " Asa S. Wing 68 

Annual Meeting of Friends' Historical Society 'J'J 

A Journey by Carriage from Newport, Rhode Island, to 
Smithfield, Ohio, 181 1 — I Rowse Taylor 90 

A Proposed Friends' Settlement in Canada, 1790. From 
Records of Westland Monthly Meeting, Pa 100 

A Project for a Friends' Settlement in Canada, 1796, in a 

Letter of Benjamin Gilbert 104 

The Passing of North Meeting House, Philadelphia, 1918 . . 106 

Were Generals Nathanael Greene and Jacob Brown " Fight- 
ing Quakers " ? , 108 

An Eighteenth Century View of the Quakers 

J. P. Brissot de Warville no 

Quakers in Colonial Virginia Mary Newton Stannard. 112 

Constitution of Friends' Historical Society of Philadelphia . . 120 

ERRATUM. 
Vol. VIII, page 58, 11. 15, 22, etc., for Derken read Dirkin. 



Volame 9, No. x Fifth Month (May), 19x9 

Bulletin of 

Friends' Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 



CONTENTS 

PAGI 

Revolutionary Journal of Margaret Morris, I. - - - 2 

A Seventeenth Century Request for a Meeting - - 14 

Selling Rum to the Indians, 1687 - - - - - 17 

A Journey by Carriage from Newport, R. I., to Smith- 
field, O., 181 1, Concluded - - Rowse Taylor 18 

Quaker Books and Quakeriana in the Library of Haver- 
ford College - - - - Allen C. Thomas 27 

General Jacob Brown Not "A Fighting Quaker" - - 32 

William Penn's "No Cross, No Crown" - - - - 34 

Books, Etc., of Interest to Friends - - The Editor 35 

Notes and Queries -------40 



Note. — The editor does not hold himself responsible for any state- 
ment made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the Bulletin should be addressed to Allen C. Thomas, 
Haverford, Pa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary-Treasurer, 
24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, Ji.oo per annum. All members receive the Bullbtin free. 



2 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

THE REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET 

MORRIS, OF BURLINGTON, N. J., DECEMBER 

6, 1776, TO JUNE II, 1778. 

Introduction. 

Margaret (Hill) Morris, the author of the following Jour- 
nal, was the eighth child and sixth daughter of Richard Hill, of 
South River, near Annapolis, Maryland, and his wife, Deborah 
Moore, a granddaughter of Thomas Lloyd, the friend of William 
Penn. Richard Hill was a physician and also a trader (shipping 
merchant). Through bad debts, and losses at sea, tradition says 
by privateers, he became greatly embarrassed, and to mend his 
fortunes, moved (1739) to Funchal, Island of Madeira, entered 
into the wine and commission business, was very successful, and 
paid his old creditors principal and interest. He returned to 
America in 1761, his wife having died a short time before he 
sailed, and he himself died not long after his arrival in Philadel- 
phia. 

On going to Madeira, the parents left six of their children 
including Margaret, then about two years old, to the care of their 
daughter Hannah, not sixteen years old, but already the wife of 
her cousin. Dr. Samuel Preston Moore, of Philadelphia. It was 
under the care of this sister and her husband that Margaret Hill 
was brought up. How well it was done the after lives of this 
young group testify. This sister, Hannah, had no children of her 
own. 

Margaret Hill was born in 1737, and was married in 1758 
to William Morris, Jr., a descendant of the first Anthony Morris, 
who came to Pennsylvania in the time of William Penn. William 
Morris was a drygoods merchant in Philadelphia. He died in 
1766 leaving three children to whom was added a posthumous 
child, making four children under the age of seven for the young 
mother to bring up. 

William Morris was not able to leave his family more than 
moderately well provided for, and in 1770 Margaret Morris 
moved to Burlington, New Jersey, to make her home with her sis- 
ter Sarah who had married George Dillwyn. Her youngest sister, 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 3 

Milcah Martha Moore (married to Dr. Charles Moore) was at 
this time also residing in Burlington. Margaret Morris lived in 
the house on Green Bank fronting on the Delaware, which had 
been occupied by William Franklin/ Governor of New Jersey. 
This house is the scene of the incidents related in the Journal. 

In addition to other accomplishments, Margaret Morris had 
a very considerable knowledge of medicine, and really practiced 
medicine, doubtless one of the first women in America to do so. 
It is related of her that at one time she had thirty patients with 
smallpox. 

Into the further life of Margaret Morris it is not possible 
to enter. It is sufficient to say that it was one of great beauty 
and usefulness. She died in 1816 aged seventy-nine. 

The " Revolutionary Journal," kept for the amusement of 
her sister, Milcah Martha Moore,^ is a fragment. Fifty copies 
were printed in 1836 for private circulation only, and it was 
again printed for private circulation in John Jay Smith's " Let- 
ters of the Hill Family," 1854. The original " Journal " is now 
in the possession of Haverford College. As the manuscript is 
considerably worn and the paper fragile, it has been thought ad- 
visable to reprint it in the Bulletin for preservation. The text 
here given is taken from that in the " Letters of the Hill Family," 
carefully compared with the original and corrected in accordance 
with it, with the exception of the punctuation which is irregular 
and sometimes wanting altogether. The spelling is in a few in- 
stances slightly modernized, but the proper names are given as 
they are written and any corrections are put in brackets or in 
notes. In John Jay Smith's text there are many slight differences 



1 William Franklin was the illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin. 
It was never disclosed who his mother was, but he was brought up in his 
father's house and well educated. He was appointed Governor of New 
Jersey in 1762. He became a British sympathizer and was arrested in 
1776, was imprisoned for two years, was finally exchanged in 1778, and 
went to New York. He removed in 1782 to England, where he remained 
the rest of his life. 

* Dr. Charles and Milcah Martha Moore had removed to Montgomery 
Square, Pennsylvania. 



4 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

and additions, and some omissions ; with a single exception ^ these 
latter are unimportant and in no way alter the sense. In every 
case the reading of the original has been restored. Where possi- 
ble, full names are given in the notes for the initials in the text. 

The Journal. 

Dec. 6, 1776. Being on a visit to my friend, M. S. at Had- 
donfield, I was preparing to return to my family, when a person 
from Philadelphia told me that the people there were in great 
commotion; that the English fleet was in the river, and hourly 
expected to sail up to the city; that the inhabitants were remov- 
ing into the country; and that several persons of considerable 
repute had been discovered to have formed a design of setting 
fire to the city, and were summoned before the congress and 
strictly enjoined to drop the horrid purpose. When I heard the 
above report, my heart almost died within me, and I cried, surely 
the Lord will not punish the innocent with the guilty, and I wished 
there might be found some interceding Lots and Abrahams 
amongst our people. On my journey home, I was told the in- 
habitants of our little town [Burlington] were going in haste 
into the country, and that my nearest neighbours were already re- 
moved. When I heard this, I felt myself quite sick ; I was ready 
to faint. I thought of my S. D.,* the beloved companion of my 
widowed state — her husband at a distance of some hundred miles 
from her; I thought of my own lonely situation — no husband to 
cheer with the voice of love my sinking spirits. My little flock, 
too, without a father to direct them how to steer. All these things 
crowded into my mind at once, and I felt like one forsaken; a 
flood of friendly tears came to my relief, and I felt a humble con- 
fidence that He who had been with me in six troubles, would 

^ This will be discussed in a later note. There is little doubt that the 
journal was copied in manuscript, and some of the variations in J. J. 
Smith's text would indicate that he may have used a copy rather than the 
original. 

* Margaret Morris's sister Sarah (1738-9-1826), who married George 
Dillwyn in 1759. He died 1820. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. S 

not forsake me now. While I cherished this hope my tranquillity 
was restored, and I felt no sensation but of humble acquiescence 
to the Divine will, and was favored to find my family in good 
health on my arrival, and my dear companion not greatly discom- 
posed, for which favor I desire to be truly thankful. 

Dec. 7. A letter from my next neighbor's husband, at the 
camp, warned her to be gone in haste, and many persons coming 
into town to-day, brought intelligence that the British army were 
advancing towards us. 

Dec. 8. Every day begins and ends with the same accounts, 
and we hear to-day that the regulars are at Trenton. Some of 
our neighbors gone, and others going, makes our little bank ^ look 
lonesome. But our trust in Providence is still firm, and we dare 
not even talk of removing our family. 

Dec. 9. This evening were favored with the company of our 
faithful friend and brother, R. W.*^ This testimony of his love 
was truly acceptable to us. 

Dec. 10. To-day our amiable friend E. C.^ and her family 
bade us adieu. My brother also left us, but returned in less than 
an hour, telling us he could not go away just as the Hessians 
were entering the town ; but no troops coming in, we urged him 
to leave us next morning ; which he concluded to do after prepar- 
ing us to expect the Hessians in a few hours. A number of gal- 
lies have been lying in the river, before the town, for two days 
past. 

Dec. II. After various reports from one hour to another of 
light-horse approaching, the people in town had certain intelli- 
gence that a large body of Hessians were come to Bordentown, 
and we might expect to see them in a few hours. About 10 o'clock 
in the morning of this day, a party of about 600 men marched 

= Green Bank on the river Delaware. 

8 Richard Wells (of England), who married Margaret Morris's next 
eldest sister, Rachel (1733-1796). 
7 Esther (Hetty) Cox. 



6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

down the main street ; as they passed along, they told our doctor * 
and some other persons in the town, that a large number of Hes- 
sians were advancing, and would be in town in less than an hour. 
This party were riflemen, who, it seems, had crossed the river 
somewhere in the neighborhood of Bordentown to reconnoitre, 
and, meeting with a superior number of Hessians on the road, 
were then returning, and took Burlington in their way back. From 
us they crossed to Bristol, and by the time they were fairly em- 
barked, the Hessians, to the number, as we heard, of 400 or 500, 
had passed what we call York bridge. On the first certainty 
of their approach, J. L.^ and two or three others thought best, 
for the safety of the town, to go out and meet the troops. He 
communicated his intention to one of the gondola captains, who 
approved of it, and desired to be informed of the result. 

The gentlemen went out, and though the Hessian colonel 
spoke but little English, yet they found that, upon being thus met 
in a peaceable manner on behalf of the inhabitants, he was ready 
to promise them safety and security, to exchange any messages 
that might be proper with the gentlemen of the gallies. In the 
meantime he ordered his troops to halt; they remained in their 
ranks between the bridge and the corner of Main Street, waiting 
an answer from on board. J. L. and T. H.^" went down to re- 
port what had passed, and told Captain Moore that the colonel 
had orders to quarter his troops in Burlington that night, and 
that if the inhabitants were quiet and peaceable, and would fur- 
nish him with quarters and refreshment, he would pledge his 
honor that no manner of disorder should happen to disturb or 
alarm the people. Captain Moore replied that, in his opinion, it 
would be wrong in such a case to fire on the town, but that he 
would go down and consult with the commodore, and return an 
answer as soon as might be. While this answer was waited for, 

s Dr. Jonathan Odell. He was an Episcopal clergyman, and as such 
had taken the oath of allegiance to the crown. He was true to his oath, and 
so was reckoned as a Tory. Before he became a clergyman he had been 
a physician, and continued to practice to eke out his small salary. 

° John Lawrence. 

10 John Lawrence and T. Hulings. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 7 

Dr. Odell was told it would be a satisfaction both to the Hessian 
commandant and to our own people, to have a person who could 
serve as interpreter between them. Not doubting- the foreigner 
could speak French, the doctor went to him, and he had the 
satisfaction to find it probable, at least, that he might be of serv- 
ice to the people of the town. The commandant seemed highly- 
pleased to find a person with whom he could converse with ease 
and precision. 

He desired the doctor to tell the gentlemen of the town to 
the same purport as above, with this addition: that he expected 
there would be found no persons in the town in arms; nor any 
arms, ammunition, or efifects, belonging to persons that were in 
arms against the king, concealed by any of the inhabitants ; that 
if any such effects were thus secreted, the house in which they 
were found would be given up to pillage; to prevent which it 
would be necessary to give him a just and fair account of such 
effects, which account he would forward to the general, and that 
if we acted openly and in good faith in these respects, he repeated 
his assurances, upon the honor of a soldier, that he would be 
answerable for every kind of disorder on the part of his troops. 
They remained in profound silence in their ranks, and the com- 
mandant, with some of his officers, came into town as far as J. 
L.'s, where they dined, waiting the commodore's answer. 

The doctor says that as he thought he observed much of the 
gentleman in the commandant, and the appearance, at least, of 
generosity and humanity, he took an opportunity to inform him 
that there was an old friend [of] his (the doctor's) who was a 
colonel, and of some estimation, in the continental army ; that he 
was at present with General Washington, and that his lady, an 
amiable woman, had gone into the country with most of her ef- 
fects ; that the doctor was ignorant of the place of her retreat, 
but that before her departure she had begged him. on the footing 
of former friendship, to take into his house, and if he might be 
permitted to keep as under his protection, some few things which 
she could not remove, and told the commandant he was ready to 
give an exact account of such of her effects as he had thus taken 
charge of; and at the same time confessed that when he took 



8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

them, it was in the hope of being suffered to preserve them for 
his friend. The commandant told him without a moment's hesi- 
tation : " Sir, you need not be at the trouble of giving any further 
account of those things you have so candidly mentioned ; be as- 
sured that whatever effects have been intrusted to you in this 
way I shall consider as your own, and they shall not be touched." 
From this answer, he was encouraged to hope he might be of still 
further service to his friends, and in the full persuasion that noth- 
ing would occur to disconcert the peaceable disposition that was 
making ; but, as it happened, the commodore had received intelli- 
gence of a party of Hessians having entered Burlington before 
Captain Moore got down to him, and had ordered up four gallies 
to fire on the town wherever any two or three persons should be 
seen together. Captain Moore met and hailed them one after 
another, but the wind was so high that he was not heard or not 
understood. The four gondolas came up, and the first of them 
.appearing before the main street J. L., T. H., and W. D." went 
down upon the wharf and waved a hat — the signal agreed on with 
Captain Moore for the boat to come ashore and give the commo- 
dore's answer in peace. To the astonishment of these gentle- 
men, all the answer they received was first a swivel shot. Not 
believing it possible this could be designedly done, they stood still, 
and J. L. again waved his hat, and was answered with an i8 
pounder. Both these fires, as the gondola people have since told 
us, were made with as good aim as could be taken, as they took 
it for granted it was at Hessians they fired. However, as it was 
impossible to conjecture that such conduct could have happened, 
or to suspect such a mistake, 'tis no wonder the town was exceed- 
ingly alarmed ; looking upon it in the light of a cruel as well as 
unprovoked piece of treachery. Upon this news, the command- 
ant rose calmly from table, and his officers with him went out to 
eight or ten men, who had come to the door as a small body- 
guard. He turned to the doctor, as he went into the street, and 
said he could easily dispose of his people out of the possibility of 
■danger, but that much mischief might be done to the town, and 



^^ William Dillwyn, who married a sister of John Smith, of Burling- 
ton. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 9 

that he would take a view of the gondolas, and see what measures 
might be necessary on his part ; but that he should be sorry to be 
the occasion of any damage or distress to the inhabitants. He 
walked down the street, and sent different ways three sentinels in 
Indian file together, to view and report to him what they saw. 

These being now and then seen at different times, induced 
the people on board to believe that the houses were full of Hes- 
sians, and a cannonade was continued till almost dark, in different 
directions, sometimes along the street, sometimes across it. Sev- 
eral houses were struck, and a little damaged, but not one living 
creature, either man or beast, killed or wounded. About dark the 
gondolas fell down a little way below the town, and the night 
was passed in quiet. 

While all this tumult was in town, we, on our peaceful bank, 
ignorant of the occasion of the firing, were wondering what it 
could mean, and unsuspecting of danger, were quietly pursuing 
our business in the family, when a kind neighbor informed us of 
the occasion, and urged us to go into the cellar as a place of 
safety. We were prevailed on by him to do so, and remained 
there till it ceased. 

Dec. 12. The people of the gallies, suspecting that some 
troops were yet either concealed in the town, or neighborhood of 
it, have been very jealous of the inhabitants, who have often been 
alarmed with reports that the city ^- would be set on fire ; many 
have gone in haste and great distress into the country, but we still 
hope no mischief is seriously intended. A number of men landed 
on our bank this morning, and told us it was their settled purpose 
to set fire to the town. I begged them not to set my house afire : 
they asked which was my house, and they said they knew not 
what hindered them from firing on it last night, for seeing a light 
in the chambers they thought there were Hessians in it, and they 
pointed their gims at it several times. I told them my children 
were sick, which obliged me to burn a light all night. Though 
they did not know what hindered them from firing on us, I did ; it 

12 "City" here may mean Philadelphia; Burlington is always spoken 
of as the " town." 



10 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

was the guardian of the widow and the orphan, who took us into 
his safe-keeping, and preserved us from danger; oh that I may 
keep humble and be thankful for this as other favors vouchsafed 
to my little fiock.^^ 

Dec. 13. This day we began to look a little like ourselves 
again. The troops were removed some miles from town, as we 
heard, and our friends began to venture out to see us ; but the sus- 
picions of the gondola men still continued, and search was made 
in and about the town for men distinguished by the name of 
Tories. About noon of this day, my dear R. W. popped in upon 
us ; he had heard the firing yesterday, and being anxious for our 
safety, he run the risk of venturing amongst us to see how we 
had fared ; surely this proof of his love will never be forgotten by 
me while my memory lasts ; he left us after dinner. 

13 In " Letters of the Hill Family," there is the following letter of 
Margaret Morris to her youngest sister (page 402), Milcah Martha Moore, 
which may well be given here, as it was written at the same time. 

Burlington, Dec. 12, 1776. 

Although I have but a few moments to write, I have sat down to tell 
my beloved sister how it fares with us. We are, to our own amazement, 
still favored with calmness, while all around is confusion and terror; 
what cause of humble gratitude to the preserver of men, for it is a favor 
unexpected by us. 

We went to bed last night without fear, trusting in the arm that has 
hitherto shielded us, although the gondolas lay just before our door, and 
the report of an intention to fire the town in the night had reached us 
about 9 o'clock, and our good uncle W. sent down and begged us to come 
with the whole family up there; and in turning it in my own mind, I got 
a little unsettled ; but when I had concluded to stay where Providence had 
placed me, and trust in him alone, my mind received the answer of peace ; 
and in that peace I went to sleep, and awoke in the same. Oh ! may I be 
truly thankful. 

This morning a galley, with a great many men, and a number of boats, 
came ashore at our wharf. I ordered the children to keep within doors, 
and went myself down to the shore, and asked what they were going to do. 
They said to fire the town if the Regulars entered. I told them I hoped 
they would not set fire to my house. " Which is your house and who are 
you?" I told them I was a widow, with only children in the house, and 
they called to others and bid them mark that house, there was a widow 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS, ii 

Dec. 13.^^ This day we began to feel a little like ourselves 
again ; there was no appearance of the formidable Hessians. Sev- 
eral [of our friends] called to see us ; amongst the number was 
one [Dr. Odell], esteemed by the whole family, and very intimate 
in it ; but the spirit of the devil still continued to rove through the 
town the shape of Tory-hunters. A message was delivered to our 
intimate friend, informing him a party of armed men were on the 
search for him ; his horse was brought, and he retired to a place 
of safety. Some of the gentlemen who entertained the foreign- 
ers, were pointed out to the gondola men; two worthy inhabi- 
tants " were seized upon and dragged on board. 

From the 13th to the i6th, we had various reports of the 
advancing and retiring of the enemy; parties of armed men 
rudely entered the houses in town, and diligent search was made 
for Tories; the two last taken released and sent on shore, some 
of the gondola gentry broke into and pillaged Rd. Smith's house 
on the bank. (Mem°. To give a more particular account of the 

and children, and no men in it ; " but," said they, " It is a mercy we had 
not fired on it last night ; seeing a light there, we several times pointed the 
guns at it ; thinking there were Hessians or Tories in it ; but a hair of 
your head shall not be hurt by us." See how Providence looks on us. 
Then they offered to move my valuable goods over the river, but I pointed 
to the children at the door, and said ; " see, there is all my treasure, those 
children are mine," and one who seemed of consequence, said: "Good 
woman, make yourself easy, we will protect you." 

Now, though I place no confidence in the arm of flesh, yet I have 
abundant cause for humble gratitude, that those hardy men did not treat 
me roughly. I can write no more — my letter is called for. May God in 
whom we trust, preserve you and us. 

Anna has been confined to the bed all day yesterday, and Willy 
[Gulielma Maria Morris, afterwards Smith] has returns of her fever. 
When the firing became heavy yesterday, we went into the cellar, having 
heard it was safer than above stairs, and poor Anna was so terrified that 
she threw her clothes on her and went down stairs, and seeing no one in 
the house, thought we had fled ; and to-day, though she cannot hold up her 
head, she will be down. Adieu, my dear sister; we join in love to all. 

I am ever thine M. M. 

i^This is an error in the MS., it should be Dec. 14. 
15 One of these was Richard Smith. 



12 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

manner by and by.) About noon this day [i6th] a very terrible 
account of thousands coming into town, and now actually to be 
seen on Gallows Hill ; my incautious son ^^ caught up the spy- 
glass, and was running toward the mill to look at them. I told 
him it would be liable to misconstruction, but he prevailed on me 
to allow him to gratify his curiosity ; he went but returned much 
dissatisfied, for no troops could he see ; as he came back, poor 
Dick ^" took the glass, and resting it against a tree, took a view of 
the fleet ; both of these were observed by the people on board, who 
suspected it was an enemy that was watching their motions. 
They manned a boat and sent her on shore ; a loud knocking at 
my door brought me to it ; I was a little fluttered, and kept lock- 
ing and unlocking that I might get my ruffled face a little com- 
posed ; at last I opened it, and half a dozen men all armed, de- 
manded the key of the empty house. I asked them what they 
wanted there ; they said to search for a d — d Tory who had been 
spying at them from the mill. The name of a Tory, so near 
my ozvn door, seriously alarmed me, for a poor refugee, dig- 
nified by that name, had claimed the shelter of my roof, and was 
at that very time concealed, like a thief, in an auger-hole ; ^^ I rung 
the bell violently, the signal agreed on if they came to search, and 
when I thought he had crept into the hole, I put on a very sim- 
ple look, and cried out, " Bless me, I hope you are not Hessians.'' 
" Do we look like Hessians ? " asked one of them rudely. " In- 
deed, I don't know." " Did you ever see a Hessian ? " " No, 

16 John Morris. ^^ Her son, Richard Hill Morris. 

1^ The " poor refugee " was Dr. Jonathan Odell. " In an auger-hole." 
The auger-hole was a secret chamber, entered from a room at the end of 
a long entry, through a closet, whose shelves had to be removed and the 
back pried open with a knife. Admission was then given into a chamber 
having no light save what crept through the chinks in roof and walls. The 
bell was hung in the room outside near the closet, communicating, by- 
means of wires through the winding hall, with a knob just inside the 
front door. This bell, therefore, might be rung ' violently ' before opening 
the door, without alarming outsiders, giving the ' refugee ' time to conceal 
himself before the long entry could be traversed. Jonathan Odell finally 
escaped to England, where he remained a number of years before he dared 
return to his family." A. M. Gummere, Pennsylvania Magazine, 8, 164. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 13 

never in my life, but they are men, and you are men, and may be 
Hessians, for anything I know; but I'll go with you into Col. 
Cox's house, though indeed it was my son at the mill ; he is but a 
boy, and meant no harm ; he wanted to see the troops." 

So I marched at the head of them, opened the door, and 
searched every place, but we could find no Tory; strange where 
he could be. We returned — they greatly disappointed — I, pleased 
to think my house was not suspected. The captain, a smart little 
fellow, named Shippen, said he wished he could see the spy-glass. 
S. D.^^ produced it, and very civilly desired his acceptance of it, 
which I was sorry for, as I often amused myself in looking 
through it. They left us and searched J. V.'s ^® and the two next 
houses, but no Tory could they find. This transaction reached the 
town, and Colonel Cox was very angry, and ordered the men on 
board. In the evening I went to town with my refugee, and 
placed him in other lodgings. I was told to-day of a design to 
seize upon a young man in town, as he was deemed a Tory. I 
thought a hint would be kindly received, and as I came back, 
called upon a friend of his, and told him. Next day he was out of 
reach of the gondolas. 

Dec. 17. More news ! great news ! very great news (J. V.'s). 
The British troops actually at Mount Holly ! ^° guards of militia 
placed at London and York bridges ; gondola men in arms patrol- 
ling the streets ; and diligent search making for firearms, ammuni- 
tion and Tories ; another attempt last night to enter into 
R. Smith's house. Early this morning J. V. sent in [to] beg I 
would let my son go a few miles out of town on some business 
for him. I consented, not knowing of the formidable doings up 
town ; when I heard of it I felt a mother's pangs for her son all 
the day; but when night came, and he did not appear, I made 
no doubt of his being taken by the Hessians. A friend made my 
mind easy, by telling me he had passed through the town where 
the dreadful Hessians were said to be " playing the very mis- 
chief " (J. V. again) ; it is certain there were numbers of them 



1* Sarah Dillwyn ; J. V., James Verree. 

20 Mt. Holly is distant about seven miles from Burlington. 



14 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

at Mount Holly, but [they] behaved very civilly to the people, ex- 
cepting only a few persons, who were actually in rebellion, as they 
termed it, whose goods, etc., they injured. This evening every 
gondola man sent on board, with strict orders not to set a foot on 
the Jersey shore again. So far so good. 

Dec. i8. This morning gives us hope of a quiet day ; but my 
mind still anxious for my son, not yet returned. Our refugee 
gone off to-day out of the reach of gondolas and Tory hunters — 
much talk of the enemy ; two Hessians had the assurance to ap- 
pear in town to-day ; they asked if there were any rebels in town, 
and desired to be shown the men of war; what a burlesque on 
men of zvar! My son returned to-night, and to his mortification 
saw not one Hessian, light-horse, or anything else worth seeing, 
but had the consolation of a little adventure at York Bridge, being 
made to give an account of himself as he went out yesterday, his 
horse detained, and he ordered to walk back to town and get a pass 
from General Reed ; this he readily agreed to, but instead of a 
pass, Colonel Cox accompanied him back to the bridge, and Don 
Quixote, Jr., mounted his horse, and rode through their ranks 
in triumph. Two field-pieces said to be mounted at Bristol. 

(To be continued.) 



A SEVENTEENTH CENTURY REQUEST FOR A 
MEETING. 

The following document is from the George S. Gibson collec- 
tion of Quakeriana, and was copied by permission, many years 
ago, from the original, which is most carefully written, with head- 
ing adorned with many flourishes.^ 

As no meetings of the names given exist to-day, the resusci- 
tation asked for, if granted, was not lasting. South Mimms is 
about fifteen miles north of London on the road to St. Albans 

1 As the Gibson collection was acquired by the Friends' Reference 
Library, Devonshire House, London, the original document doubtless will 
be found there. 



SEVENTEENTH CENTURY REQUEST FOR A MEETING. 15 

from which it is distant about five miles. Endfield or more 
usually Enfield, is now considered a suburb of London. It is 
about eight miles southeast of South Mimms. The Enfield rifle, 
long a well-known weapon, was manufactured near by. The lit- 
erary associations of Enfield are interesting. Charles Lamb re- 
sided there from 1827 to 1833, and the poet Keats, and the novel- 
ist Captain Marryat were educated there. 

But this district has special interest for students of Quaker 
history, particularly of George Fox. " In this locality George 
Fox found not only his peaceful retreats, but also one of his most 
successful fields of service." " Many of his richest and most in- 
fluential adherents had their country residences in the district, . . . 
and hither would he often come, especially in his later years, to 
escape from incessant labor and recruit his exhausted frame in 
rural homes that were always ready to receive him." ^ It was at 
Waltham Abbey in 1654, Fox tells us, that he held a meeting, " but 
the people were very rude, and gathered about the house and 
broke the windows, whereupon I went out to them, with the Bible 
in my hand, and desired them to come in, and told them I would 
show them Scripture both for our principles and practices." ^ . . . 
It was at Waltham that Fox, thirteen years later, " advised the 
setting up a school there for teaching boys ... for instructing 
them in whatsoever things were civil and useful in the crea- 
tion." * 

It was at Enfield (or Endfield) that Fox spent the winter of 
1667 at the house of Elizabeth Dry ; and that " all that winter " 
(of 1670-1671) he " lay . . . warring in spirit with the evil spirits 
of the world that warred against truth and friends." ^ Many in- 
cidents in early Quaker history are clustered in this region north 
of London. Of Waltham, Epping, South Mimms, Chipping 
Barnet, Winchmore Hill, Enfield, Flamstead End, and Totten- 

2 Beck and Ball, London Friends' Meetings, p. 295. 

3 Journal, Bicent. ed., i, 213. 
* Journal, Bicent. ed., 2, 89. 

=> Journal, Bicent. ed., 2, 132, 135 ; Brayshaw, Personality of George 
Fox, 23, 42, 65, etc. 



i6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

ham meetings, only Epping, Winchmore Hill and Tottenham re- 
main, the two latter being part of Tottenham Monthly Meeting, 
and the former belonging to Ratcliff and Barking. The total 
membership of the three meetings being (1918) 227. 

To the Monthly Meeting at Endfield. 

Dear Friends South Mims 
This is to acquaint you, it being a desire of severall Friends in these 
parts, to have a first day Meeting In the Parish of South Mims on y® 
same day that Minsmerhill ^ meeting is established amongst us. And that 
not without substantial Reasons for the Same. First, because there is a 
considerable party of Friends which are not able to visit any meeting 
on that day, As being so far distant. Secondly, neither can we justly 
blame them for their neglect, upon consideration of y^ distance 
they are y* day from any of our Assemblies ; which if our request 
might be Answered, It is our generall opinion would very much conduce 
to y^ credit, & honour of y** Truth we profess ; which thing we ought to 
have respect unto. Thirdly, there hath been some Antient and Elderly 
Friends with others, y* have visited y^ meetings so far ; as have proved 
detrimental to them as to their health, as some have been sick & out of or- 
der afterwards, and others have almost fainted at their entrance, so y* y'' 
meeting hath not been so profitable to them, as otherwise it might have 
been. And other wholsom reasons as might be instanced ; However to be 
short in y^ matter, we desire you would take things into good considera- 
tion; And assist us in our former Priviledge which we once before en- 
joyed. 

So hoping you will be for y^ furtherance and Propagation of so good 
a design, which is by us intended ; And at y« request of severall is now 
presented to the consideration of this Meeting and Assembly. So this 
with y« subscription of our names, And with consent of severall others; 
whose names are not here inserted have thought fitt to present you with 
all: 

Thomas Legg Mary Legg 

and fourteen others. 



" Minsmerhill has not been identified by the editor. 



SELLING RUM TO THE INDIANS IN 1687. 17 

SELLING RUM TO THE INDIANS IN 1687.^ 

At a Quarterly Meeting at Amboy the 31 of the 5 month 
1688 

The following paper was there read. 

From Our Yearly Meeting held at Philadelphia the 7^ : of y® 
7th mo^^ 1687 [O. S.; Ninth month, New Style].— To the Quar- 
terly Meeting held in the Province of East Jersey. 

It being recommended to us from y^ Quarterly Meeting of Phila- 
delphia y^ great evill and bad effects that has appeared by selling 
y^ Indians Rum or other strong liquors and a paper being by 
them p'sented w*^ was read amongst us relateing thereto, w*^ 
upon due consideration was approved of & in concurrence there- 
with wee give forth this following Testimony, being deeply sen- 
sible & heartily grieved w*'^ y® abuses of this nature, that is too 
frequent up & down amongst us, especially in that some that goes 
under y^ profession of Truth (whom it was expected should have 
been better Examples) we feare is not wholy clear of it, & There- 
fore we give forth this as our sence That y® practice of selling 
Rum or other strong Liquors to the Indians directly or indirectly, 
or exchanging Rum or other strong Liquors for any Goods or 
Merchandize w^ them considering the abuse they make of it, is a 
thing contrary to y® mind of y^ Lord & great grief & burthen to 
his People & a great reflection & dishonour to y" Truth, so far as 
any professing it are concern'd. And for y® more effectual 
p'venting this evill practice. We advise as aforesaid. That this our 
Testimony may be entered in every Monthly meeting book & every 
friend belonging to their Monthly meeting to subscribe the same 

Signed at and in behalf of the Meeting By 

Anthony Morris. 



^ From the Historical Magazine, New York, April, 1870. 



i8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

A JOURNEY BY CARRIAGE FROM NEWPORT, RHODE 
ISLAND, TO SMITHFIELD, OHIO, 1811.— II. 

BY ROWSE TAYLOR. 

7th. — We Started early crossed the Juniata River to Denni- 
sons, where we obtained a good breakfast, and moved on — met 
Joseph Allen and Thomas Wilson on their return ; this was an 
agreeable interview having so long seen none but unknown faces ; 
— parting with them we rode on to Bedford, a very considerable 
village — found at Dillon very good accommodations, which at this 
time were thrice welcome. Cousin Mary being much fatigued, and 
undisposed — the country between Bedford and the Allegany, is 
called Dry Ridge, but why it is called Ridge I know not, for I 
think we ascended 8 or 10 Ridges — 8th we concluded to travel 
only 12 Miles to a good house on Dry-ridge — we therefore drove 
on slowly ; coming to a flour mill, and having spare time, curi- 
osity led us into that — here we purchased a bushel of Rye Meal 
for 60 cents, but it proved to be a very dear purchase — for 2 or 3 
days after we left Rhode Island, we fed our horses with Meal, 
and water, but were often puzzled to get Indian Meal, and we soon 
found that it did not agree with the Sorrel-horse; we therefore 
changed from Meal to Oats, and made it a uniform practice, to 
give them as much hay as they would eat all night, and as many 
oats as they would eat all day ; this kept them as strong as Lions : 
tho' in changing to chopped rye we were guarded, yet not enough 
so ; when we reached Flemings, he had no hay, but a good Clover 
field, into which he turn'd them ; in the evening we fed them with 
oats, and turned them out again ; but when we took them up in 
the morning (9th) they were lame in every foot, foundered as I 
suppose by eating too much of the Rye Meal ; we bled them in the 
mouth, and concluded to travel to the foot of the Allegany (12 
miles) hoping that moderate exercise would be useful to them; 
we fed them often, giving them but little at a time; when they 
were warm, they seemed to be rather better, but after standing a 
few minutes grew lamer again : we were now in a sad plight — 
Cousin Mary's health was rather low ; I had long been obliged to 
live on wheat bread, which does not suit my constitution, and had 



BY CARRIAGE.— NEWPORT, R. I., TO SMITHFIELD, O. 19 

taken cold the night before, felt through the day, the increasing 
symptoms of an approaching Billions Fever — however we rode 12 
Miles — on arriving at Impress, the horses first claimed our atten- 
tion; we could get no medicine for them there, but we had fur- 
nished ourselves previously with a large quantity of cream of 
Tartar, Magnesia and rhubarb, with which we fed them very lib- 
erally mixing it with chopped Rye and oats) we also gave them a 
little fresh clover — by this time it began to rain very fast, I was 
extremely fatigued, and obliged to resign the future care of the 
horses to Samuel, and the care of myself to Cousin Mary — I took 
a large dose with the horses ; but a pretty high state of perspira- 
tion, seemed to be the only means of relief — pass'd a very dis- 
tressed night ; continued in bed, and kept up the perspiration, 
untill late in the afternoon — the following night rested tolerably, 
and on the morning of the nth found myself comfortable, but 
very weak — Mary's health had rather improved, notwithstanding 
her indefatigable attention to me — the horses seem'd to be cured 
of their lameness, or nearly so, but had not yet recovered their 
strength ; and the roads, in many places, were much injured by 
the late heavy rain — our situation, loudly called for more rest; 
yet I imprudently, may I not say rashly ventured forward, and as 
before took care of the horses, whether riding or leading, having 
concluded that if any accident happened, no one should be blamed 
but myself ; — we ascended the Allegany, which is called the back- 
bone of the United States, the road up the mountain was good ; 
and the ascent trifling to people in health ; but not so to us — when 
we reached the top, we found a spacious house, but a woful cross 
landlady; cousin Mary made me a little milk porridge, and we 
journey 'd on to Somerset, a decent little village — here as usual I 
drove my coach, up to the door, and like a man of consequence, 
called for the landlord, he ran out of the house, but instead of 
coming forward to speak to the driver, he went to the door of the 
carriage to look for the Master; the man, on discovering his mis- 
take, seemd a little discomposed, and I, a little diverted — 12th. 
As we approach'd Laurel-Hill, we saw the waggoner, who de- 
taind us, on the Cove Mountain ; my wife inquired of him, if we 
had not pass'd the worst part of the road, he replied *' No madam, 



20 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

you are just coming to the Lilly [ ?] of it — in truth we found it 
the most difficult place in the whole journey; it is said that no 
woman ever crossed it without shedding tears ; not so, One did. 
In the afternoon we travelled with a friend by the name of John 
Field, who with his children, and aged Mother were moving to 
Ohio — with them was Rachel Warrington, who had been on a visit 
to her friends in New Jersey ; she was the daughter of our well- 
known friend Joshua Evans; and appeared to be a woman of 
firmness, and capacity ; their company was very agreeable to us, 
and we scrabbled up the hill together — towards night they went a 
little before us, and with another family put up at Thompsons, on, 
or near the summit of the hill ; movers, who carry their provi- 
sions are, in general most unwelcome guests ; two family's there, 
and a third coming, worked up the landlord to a considerable 
pitch, before we got there; we inquired for house-keeping, lodg- 
ing, etc. he said he would not engage his beds to movers, he did 
not know but that travellers on horseback would come, and want 
them ; if they did not, we might have them ; I felt not a little irri- 
tated, and inquired how long we must set up, to wait for travel- 
lers ; my wife desired to know, if we went to bed, and travellers 
came, whether he would expect us to get up, and give them the 
beds ; after much altercation, and invitation, he said we should 
have the beds ; a number of persons had previously called for lodg- 
ing; when bedtime came, and they were provided for, he had 3 
beds left; if we took them our friends (above mentioned) would 
have none ; he in a surly manner told us to divide them as we 
pleased, which we did, and that night slept thicker than three in 
a bed — our friends rose early, and pursued their journey, — we 
lay late to rest if possible — but in the morning we found the land- 
lord at least 5 per cent better, than in the evening — they prepared 
us a breakfast, and waited upon us attentively — 13th left Thomp- 
son's, intending to reach a little village called Mount pleasant, but 
were obliged to put up, about 3 Miles short of it — soon after we 
entered the house, an old vagabond came in with a show, who with 
a few lads, and perhaps a few neighbours, kept up a very great 
noise untill long after midnight ; this very much disturbed my wife 
for even the sound of a cowbell, the barking of a dog, or the gab- 



BY CARRIAGE.— NEWPORT, R. I., TO SMITHFIELD, O. 21 

ling of a goose, would many times break her rest ; but I never 
faild of sleeping, except the one night mentioned — 14th Reached 
Yohogany River [Youghiogheny] — 15th Cross'd the Yohogany 
and Monongahela Rivers, the former we forded, the latter we 
cross'd in a Flat — i6th In the morning found ourselves 21^ Miles 
from Isaac Manchester's, which we expected to reach before 
night ; but a heavy thunder shower overtook us in the afternoon, 
the ground being a remarkable slippery clay, and the road hilly, 
it became very difficult travelling, and night overtook us, before 
we got there; our directions for finding the house being imper- 
fect we took one horse from the Carriage, which Samuel mounted, 
and took the Cart road which we supposed led to it ; he soon re- 
turned, and cousin Isaac with him, bringing a lantern, he led us 
to his house, where we found Cousin Phebe, who appeared per- 
fectly natural ; they treated us with great kindness, and gener- 
osity ; and we were very happy to find ourselves once more in the 
house of our friends, this was first day evening — I had not fully 
recover'd from my Allegany sweat, found my left side very weak, 
and was sorely aflFected with my old complaint, the Spleen — 
Cousin Isaac expressing a willingness to accompany me over the 
River, I staid there untill 5th Day, partly on account of my health, 
and partly waiting for him to complete some business, he had on 
hand — we then went down to Wheeling, to Michael Graham's ; 
he and his wife treated us liberally; and the next day he accom- 
panied us over the Ohio River, about 5 Miles to Concord ; the first 
house we entered there, was Samuel Potts, a smart little Eng- 
lishman, somewhat resembling Uncle Hosier ; he had an agreeable 
wife, and a fine family of Children : he showed us a farm he had 
for sale, owned by a friend of his. We then went to Wm. Mill- 
house's and lodged — Wm ATillhouse much resembles in language, 
and manners our late friend John Nadurn ; he has a fine daughter 
fat home) named Jane; sister to Isaac Bonsels wife — here I took 
the liberty of using Elizabeth Coggeshall's and Mary Morton's 
names, which I never used in vain — Horton Howard came to see 
us in the evening, gave us considerable information respecting the 
country, especially the Miama [Miami], which he had lately vis- 
ited. I do not who to compare Horton to; he is 42 or 43 



22 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

years old ; his voice rather thin ; his stature below the middle size ; 
has a strong, comprehensive, improved mind; a generous heart, 
and agreeable manners, especially at home; he was raised in 
South Carolina, near the Sea ; has been a tailor if I mistake not — 
is a public friend [Minister] in esteem — Samuel Potts and Wm 
Millhouse are from near Philadelphia — the next morning we went 
a few miles northward, to see a village called Mount Pleasant 
where friends have a good brick School-House — the School is 
taught by Rebecca Taylor, daughter of our friend Jonathan Tay- 
lor, who was then from home, on a religious visit ; she appeared to 
be an amiabl, accomplished girl — have since become acquainted 
with her — we dined with a friend by the name of Enoch Harris ; 
meeting with Horton Howard, we returned to Concord — went to 
see a neighbour of his, who had a farm for sale — then went to 
Horton's where we staid 3 Nights — found his wife an agreeable 
woman : the next day being first day, we attended their Meeting — 
Horton shewed us his fine Merino sheep; he had 3 full-blooded 
(beside one he had left at Redstone) and a number of half 
blooded — the Merino's are in credit here — On second day we 
spent the time in trying to agree for a farm, but fail'd, and re- 
turn'd to Horton's where we saw two friends from the Miama 
[Miami] ; one of them in particular, thought the country healthy; 
but he moved from Georgia ; from all that I can gather, I am ap- 
prehensive that the climate of the southern parts of the State, will 
not suit New-England people: On third day went 12 or 14 Miles 
north-ward to a little village called Smithfield ; here we staid the 
first night with William Wood, a public friend, he is the Wm 
Rotch of Smithfield: — his oldest daughter is Clerk of the Mo. 
Meeting ; a sensible improved young woman — I have proposed to 
his oldest single Son, to make a visit to Newport, and get him a 
wife ; I mention this that our Newport young women may see that 
I am still willing to do something for them — but am apprehensive 
that the proposition came too late — The next night we said with 
an honest friend named James Carr, these two friends, rode round 
the neighborhood, and shewed us different places, that were for 
sale — at length we return'd to Hopewell, after a ramble of 8 days 
all this time Cousin Isaac, was as patient as Job ; he is indeed a 



BY CARRIAGE.— NEWPORT, R. I., TO SMITHFIELD, O. 23 

very good judge of land, but like the Newport Man, who could 
find no place in Connecticutt that suited him, except Governor 
Trumbulls, which he could not get ; so I found none, but such as 
were either too high for my money, or too low for my pride ; how- 
ever, after ruminating on the different prospects, that had pre- 
sented themselves to my view. Cousin Isaac accompanied me a 
few miles to see a place, we had seen near Smithfield ; on getting 
the terms I cross'd the River again, and in company, with one, 
or other, of the two friends (mentioned above) review'd that, and 
several other places; and finding that we differed in judgment, 
respecting that, I return'd, and cousin Isaac giving his opinion in 
favour of purchasing, I finally agreed for the place — It is about 
^ Miles from the Meeting house in Smithfield, where Plymouth 
Monthly Meeting is held ; and as level as road, as from Newport 
to Portsmouth, and 5 or 6 Miles in a line from the Ohio River, 
but no waggon road direct to the River — it lies in the Township 
of Warren, County of Jefferson ; more than 40 Miles below Pits- 
burgh — 15 or 16 Miles above Wheeling, and 100 from Marietta, 
but with respect to these distances I do not pretend to be ac- 
curate — from the River opposite Charlestown round through 
Smithfield is I3>4 miles, and a good road ; but not more than 7 to 
Warrentown [Warrenton] on the River — I agreed to fifteen hun- 
dred and fifty dollars in seven payments the first $900, the second 
and third, each 100, the fourth 200, and the fifth, and sixth each 
100 and the seventh $50 — the first payment at the execution of the 
deed, the others, yearly from the time the bargain was made — 
viz 7th mo 7th the farm contains 160 Acres — 40 or 50 called 
clear land ; but on the part called cleared, there is wood enough to 
make Newport smile, in a cold day ; the buildings are worth little, 
or nothing; the fences poor; and the place most wretchedly out 
of order — dont I hear you say? " Rowse has more courage, than 
good conduct — " the eastern parts of the state is generally very 
hilly but as we retire from the River, the Country becomes more 
level — the land I have purchased is not so uneven as most places 
near the River — I have the liberty of erecting a Cabin, moving on 
the place, when I please, sowing, etc., etc., but the Tennant con- 

1 This blank is unfilled in the manuscript. 



24 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

tinues in the old Cabin 'till spring : the place is pretty well watered, 
and well timbered, with white, and black oak, whited red hickory, 
white and black walnut. Beach, Sugar Maple etc., etc. — the But- 
ternut is here called white walnut ; and buttonwood. Sycamore — 
we have not stones for wall — timber will soon be valuable, notwith- 
standing the abundance of Coal in this Country — have not yet dis- 
covered any coal on my place — ^but on the plantations adjoining, 
it is plenty; I have Limestone in common with my neighbours. 
All this time we stayed at cousin Isaacs, anxiously looking for our 
goods, but they come not — I wrote to John Morton, but received 
no answer — I had engaged 2 or 3 Rooms at Smithfield, and our 
kind friends Wm Wood and wife offer'd to lend us such things as 
we should need, untill better provided for. On the loth of 7th 
month, we left Cousin Isaac's (where notwithstanding our very 
long stay, we were treated with the kindness of Bretheren, and the 
generosity of princes) and cross'd the Ohio River, but a heavy 
"thunder shower overtook us, and the evening being extremely dark, 
we were obliged to stop 2 or 3 Miles before we reached Smithfield 
— next morning started early, got there by breakfast time; spent 
that day with our friends, Wm. and Mary Wood, and the day fol- 
lowing commenced house-keeping. We were now in rather an 
awkward situation ; we had to be sure the grandest carriage in 
the Country — but were obliged to borrow chairs to sit in, and 
beds to lay on this put even cousin Mary's humility to the Test ; 
I felt for some time, as if my legs were tied ; should every day find 
ourselves in want of something that was indispensable; I must 
then for some time inquire where such things could be had ; and 
spend more in riding after it; but this was not all; parting with 
two dollars, always hurt me more than receiving ten — I spent a 
great deal of time, in arranging affairs with the Tennant, who 
appeared to be disposed to make the best of circumstances, favor- 
able to his interest ; he had by his lease the right of sowing, one 
half of the cleared land ; this right I wished to purchase, that I 
might be rid of him, in the spring, as he appeared to be a very 
indifferent farmer — finally, I gave him 4 fifths of the rent to 
obtain the privilleges above mention'd — after we had been in 
Smithfield about 4 Weeks. Cousin Isaac came, and informed us, 
that our goods were at Washington [Washingtonville] about 35 



BY CARRIAGE.— NEWPORT, R. I., TO SMITHFIELD, O. 25 

Miles from us — I immediately took a Waggon, and went after 
them; he put his horse into the Waggon with mine, and 
one I hired and went with me — we found the goods in tolerable 
order, but received no letter — paid 52 dollars for conveying them 
from Philadelphia (if we had sent some other articles, which we 
sold low, it would have been to our advantage) it being a very 
rainy afternoon, we staid at a public house on the road — the next 
morning we got extremely wet before we got to Cousin Isaac's 
— the day following he lent me a horse to go home — but for all 
his patience faild not — I had not yet received my deed, as the 
man, I bought of had none — I spent one day in going to Steuben- 
ville to examine the records — then again went over the River, and 
by cross occurrences, spent 2 days in getting the deed staid untill 
second day — then went to Warrington to get a certificate from 
the Clerk of the Court; and returned to Smithfield — it was then 
near the middle of the 8th month — I had previously concluded to 
engage a very rough piece of land, that had been partially cleared 
some years ago; the bushes, and vines we dug up with out mat- 
tocks, the standing timbers, we first cut down, then by laying one 
log across another, burnt them into pieces, of a proper length; 
which with the assistance of our horses, we got into heaps and 
burnt — the clearing of this field, proved to be a Herculean Task — 
I hired many days work — yet week stole upon week, until more 
than 3 months had elapsed ; but we had at last the satisfaction of 
seeing our work completed — we sowed i Bushel of Rye, i of 
Barley, and 7 of Wheat — we are now engaged in erecting a 
Cabin — The Carriage I sold $1373^ and took it all out of the 
purchasers store, which I have been able to turn to tolerable ad- 
vantage ; tho not equal to the money — bought a new waggon, but 
was not able, untill very lately, to get the right kind of Iron to 
shoe the wheels — thus my friends may see that I have not been 
altogether idle — Before I close this long and incoherent scrawl, 
it seems incumbent on me to acknowledge : and tliat too under a 
deep sense of my unworthiness ; that since we left Newjwrt. the 
Hand of Divine Mercy has been often conspicuously displayed 
before me; that we have not only experienced the Rod, but the 
Staff of our gracious Master; and may say hitherto the Lord 
hath helped us — 



26 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

I2th mo 2 i8ii. After getting the Deed of my place I 
determined to write my friends immediately, but as we had to 
go 2^ Miles to work, I was too much fatigued in the even- 
ing to write; on first day morning, it was with much ado that 
I could get shaved by meeting time — on first day afternoon, 
I generally paraded my pens, paper, inkstand etc. — sometimes 
before, and often by the time, I had written a line, some kind 
friend would come in to see the strangers ; and then my writing 
apparatus must all be thrown aside — sometimes we must go abroad 
at all hazards, at another, nothing would satisfy a kind friend, 
but for us to go and eat peaches — It then came a rainy day, I had 
a waggon, harness, bridles, etc., etc. to make — thus I was driven 
along, untill the present day, after dinner, seized Time by the 
forelock, and have been driving the quill all the afternoon, tho' 
I have had 3 or 4 interruptions this evening — we received two 
letters faithfully filled from Stephen Gould, which were as grate- 
ful to us, as the water brooks, to the hunted hart ; shall endeavour 
to answer them soon : received one from Aunt Hosier, and Cou- 
sin Margaret, but the lines were much too far apart to please 
me; hope they will write closer next time; however we read it 
again and again ; will endeavour to answer it soon — So wide is the 
circle of my friends, and so strong my attachinent to them, that 
I know not how to mention individuals ; but may say that my 
love to my friends is most ardent; and my pity for poor school- 
masters most sincere I have directed this to the care of 

Uncle Richard as a small token of the gratitude, I owe him for his 
uniform, and indefatigable attention to my interest, from early 
life — Cousin Mary's health as usual — her ancle is not trouble- 
some — Adieu. RowsE Taylor. 

Let all my Letters be directed to Charleston on the Ohio River 
— Brooke County — State of Virginia — 

The End. 
Itinerary for last part of the journey. Dennisons (?), Pa., 
Bedford, Impress (?), Alleghany Mountains, Somerset, Thomp- 
son's (?), Mount Pleasant, Pa.; Youghiogheny River, Monon- 
gahela River, Wheeling, W. Va. ; Ohio River, Concord, Ohio ; 
Mount Pleasant, Ohio; Smithfield, Hopewell (?), Smithfield. 



QUAKER BOOKS IN LIBRARY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 27 

QUAKER BOOKS AND QUAKERIANA IN THE 
LIBRARY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE.^ 

The collection of Quaker books and Quakeriana in the 
Library of Haverford College, Pennsylvania, is, so far as known, 
the largest and best in America, and is the most useful for the his- 
torical or theological student. No other American collection pos- 
sesses such long lines of Quaker periodicals, both American and 
British. Of the most important of these there are complete sets. 
There are also practically complete series of the printed " Min- 
utes " of the Orthodox Yearly Meetings, as well as a few in manu- 
script, and some of the " Hicksite " Yearly Meetings. There are 
also Minutes or papers of the " Conservative " Yearly Meetings, 
and of off-shoots from various Quaker bodies, as " Progressive 
Friends," Pennsylvania; "Green Plain Friends," Ohio; "Con- 
gregational " Friends, New York ; the " White Quakers of Ire- 
land," etc. The library's collection of pamphlet literature is very 
large, both bound and unbound. 

The various controversies which have arisen within the 
Quaker body from the earliest days of the Society to the present, 
such as the "Wilkinson-Story" (time of George Fox) ; Hannah 
Barnard controversy (1798-1801) ; the " Hicksite" Separation of 
1827-1828; the " Beaconite Controversy," 1836; the " Wilburite- 
Gurney " of a later date; " Anti-Slavery Friends," Indiana, 1842- 
1843, ^"d others, are impartially and very fully represented. 

The collection of Quaker tracts of the seventeenth century 
is probably unsurpassed in this country. The collection of the 
late William H. Jenks, of Philadelphia, alone, which was pre- 
sented by his widow, consists of about 1,500 titles bound sepa- 
rately in full or half calf or morocco ; through the generosity of a 
friend of the college a number of rarities from the library of the 
late Charles Roberts,, of Philadelphia, were acquired, as well as 
many other titles. Altogether, more than 1,000 volumes, besides 



^ A considerable portion of this paper has appeared in the Library 
Journal, and is reprinted by permission. 



28 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

many pamphlets, were secured at the Roberts sale in New York, 
1918. 

There is also a large collection of Anti-Quakeriana of all 
sorts and periods, including many volumes of Muggletonian lit- 
erature. The aim has been to secure as far as possible whatever 
bears on the history, doctrines, and practices of the Friends, 
whether by Quakers or not, and whether for or against them. 

In addition to printed books and pamphlets there is a con- 
siderable number of more or less valuable manuscripts. Among 
these are seven or eight autograph letters of William Penn, one 
of which, a letter to the Princess Elizabeth, Palatine, dated 1677, 
extends to sixteen pages.^ The Gulielma M. Rowland collection 
contains family letters and papers and other documents ranging 
from 1677 to about the middle of the nineteenth century,, com- 
prising in all several hundred pieces. Many of these are of much 
interest, among them the original manuscript diary (December, 
1777-April, 1778) of Margaret (Hill) Morris, of Burlington, 
New Jersey, giving details of Revolutionary experiences. This 
diary heretofore has only been privately printed — 50 copies in 
1836, and again in "Letters of Dr. Richard Hill " (Philadelphia, 
1854, pp. 211-237).^ There are also in the library several manu- 
script diaries of minor importance, and a manuscript volume of 
212 pages containing copies of some of the papers and letters 
in the " Swarthmore Papers " at Devonshire House, London. 

To indicate the completeness of the collection it may be noted 
that George Fox is represented by 230 titles; William Penn by 
97 ; George Keith by 53 ; George Whitehead by 75 ; Richard Fams- 
worth by 48 ; John Lilburne by 23 ; Francis Bugg by 45 ; James 
Nayler by 63 ; there is a copy of every edition of George Fox's 
Journal, including the first impression of the first folio (1694) 
with the leaf afterward suppressed ; and most of the editions of 
Barclay's celebrated "Apology," including the first Latin (1676) 
and two different impressions of the first English edition (1678) ; 
an edition printed 1729, at Newport, Rhode Island, by James 

- This letter was printed in the Bulletin, vol. iv, 82-97. 

3 The first part appears in the present number of the Bulletin. 



QUAKER BOOKS IN LIBRARY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 29 

Franklin, brother of Benjamin Franklin ; both impressions of 
Baskerville's beautifully printed quarto edition, 1765. William 
Sewel is represented by his History of the Quakers, folio, Eng- 
lish edition, 1722; Low-Dutch, 1717,* German, 1744, by his 
" Guide to the Low-Dutch Language," editions of 1700, 1725 and 
1760; his quarto, "English-Dutch, Dutch-English Dictionary," 
editions of 1691 (the first), and 1749 (fourth). These two issues 
have as a frontispiece a portrait of Sewel sitting in his library.^ 

There are more or less complete collections of the works of 
John Woolman, Anthony Benezet, Joseph John Gurney, and 
others. A complete set of the English "Annual Monitor," 1813- 
1918, one hundred and six numbers ; a large collection of the 
" Disciplines " of the various Yearly Meetings, including all of 
the earliest period; nearly a complete set of the original folio 
London General Epistles and of the American reprints ; and many 
of the Epistles issued by Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. 

Among the rarities are Stephenson's "A Call from Death 
to Life," 1660; "New England's Ensigne," 1659; "Plantation 
Work in America," by William Coddington, 1662 ; " Several Epis- 
tles Given Forth by Two of the Lord's Faithful Servants Whom 
He Sent to New England," etc.,. 1669; Bishop's " New England 
Judged," 1703; George Fox's " Battle Door," 1660; John Bellers' 
"Proposal for Running a Colledge of Industry," 1696; one of 
two manuscript copies of George Fox's " Short Journal," the 
original manuscript of which is in the Friends' Reference Library, 
Devonshire House, London, and which has never been printed or 
published. 

There was acquired at the Roberts sale, 1918, a volume of 
Quaker Tracts of the years 1653, 1654, collected by Robert Bar- 
clay, the Apologist, with a list of contents in his own handwrit- 
ing and his autograph. There is also a volume entitled, " Re- 
liquife Barclaiana," consisting of lithographed copies of " Letters 
and Papers by, and relating to the Barclay Family," of which it is 

* This is the edition containing the hymn set to musical notes, but 
which is omitted in other editions. 

<* These two portraits differ from each other. 



30 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

said but 37 copies were issued; and the Poetical Works of John 
Scott, of Amwell (1795), containing four engravings by William 
Blake. 

Among the manuscripts are three large folio volumes con- 
taining " Lives of the Ministers of the Gospel among the People 
called Quakers," collected from unpublished Memorials, printed 
sources, and personal knowledge, by John Smith (1722-1771),® 
of Burlington, New Jersey. The number of names noticed is 
stated by the compiler to be " 1287, — 887 males, 400 females." 
These volumes, which are unique, were given to the library by 
Robert Pearsall Smith, an alumnus of the College, and a great- 
grandson of the compiler. 

Other rarities which might be named are the following: 
" A Confession of Faith set forth by the Followers of George 
Keith, [printed by] William Bradford, 1693 ; " Sewel's " History 
of the Quakers," printed by S. Keimer, Philadelphia, 1728, folio. 
Of this volume Benjamin Franklin printed the Index and pages 
533-694. It is the first known production of Franklin's press.^ 
Franklin speaks of this work in his Autobiography in the follow- 
ing manner: 

" Breintnal particularly procur'd us from the Quakers the 
printing forty sheets of their history,, the rest being to be done 
by Keimer; and upon this we work'd exceedingly hard, for the 
price was low. It was a folio, pro patria size, in pica, with long 
primer notes. I compos'd of it a sheet a day, and Meredith 
work'd it off at press ; it was often eleven at night, and some- 
times later, before I had finished my distribution for the next 
day's work, for the little jobbs sent in by other friends now and 
then put us back." (Autobiography, Bigelow's edition, Phila., 
1872, pp. 173-176.) 

A fine copy of Cicero's " Cato Major," translated by James 
Logan and printed by Benjamin Franklin, 1744. 

8 John Smith married October 7, 1748, Hannah, daughter of James 
Logan, the secretary and friend of William Penn. 

■^ Hildeburn, No. 350, i, 92 ; Curtis Collection of Franklin's Works, 
No. I. 



QUAKER BOOKS IN LIBRARY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 31 

Among the Latin and German translations and originals is 
Barclay's " Epistola Amatoria nee non Consultoria ad Legatos 
Magnatum Europae, Roterdami, 1678 ; " this, concerning the 
peace of Christians, and the causes of the present war (1677), by 
Robert Barclay, a " lover of Christian peace," if translated, might 
be interesting reading at the present time. Other rarities are, a 
" Broadside," by " Georgius Fox, Britannus iinus eoruni qui 
illusoric Quakere dicuntur," and dated Amstelodani 20 Octob. 
1677, " Epistola hortatoria Legatis Magnatum Christianisme, in 
praesentiarum Pacis componendae gratia Neomagi congressis," 
supplementary to Barclay's address.** 

A " Broadside," printed in Latin by Jacob Claus, Amster- 
dam, 1684, addressed to "Johanna Tertio Regi Poloniae, etc.." 
on behalf of the persecuted Quakers ; ® also a number of Quaker 
tracts in German, printed in Amsterdam, ranging from 1675 to 
1684, some of which have not been translated into English, and 
are not recorded by Smith in his Catalogue of Friends' Books. 

Among the interesting objects are a plaster cast of Silvanus 
Bevan's ivory medallion bust of William Penn ; an original oil 
portrait of John G. Whittier by Bass Otis (1837) ; ^^ also a fine 
copy of a small (2^ inch square) unpublished colored sketch of 
Whittier at the age of 23, painted by Elizabeth B. Brown, of 
Burlington, New Jersey. 

Among the Anti-Quakeriana are many curious, and some 
scurrilous books and tracts. Among the books is the huge folio 
volume of 1,200 pages, '' Anabaptisticum et Enthusiasticum 
Pantheon und Geistliches Rust Hauss wider die Alten Quacker 
und Neuen Frey-Beister, etc. [von D. Scheider (?)] Im Jahr 
Christi 1702." This volume gives several hundred pages to an 
attack on the Quakers, singling out for special notice James Nay- 

sThis Epistle in English will be found in Fox's Journal, Bicent. ed., 
2: 298. " Neomagi is Nimwegen in the Netherlands," where the celebrated 
peace of 1678 was negotiated by the ambassadors whom Fox and Barclay 
addressed. 

"English translation. Fox, Journal. Bicent. ed., 2. 422. 

1" An etching of this portrait forms tlic frontispiece to Volume I in 
the Library edition of Whittier's Poems, 1888. 



32 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

ler and his fall. It has many curious cuts depicting the Quakers, 
and Nayler, in particular, and also the various heretics, their evil 
deeds and punishments. It is not recorded in Smith's Catalogue 
of "Anti-Quakeriana." Of those listed by Smith the library 
possesses about three hundred titles. 

There are a number of " Association books," a volume from 
the library of Sir John Rodes,^^ the friend of William Penn, with 
Sir John's autograph ; a volume with James Logan's book-plate 
and autograph, which afterwards was the property of Samuel 
Emlen (1730-1799) ; many volumes from the library of Stephen 
Grellet, several from that of Moses Brown and Isaac Norris, sin- 
gle volumes formerly belonging to William Meade, the son-in- 
law of Margaret Fell, and companion of William Penn in the 
great trial, Anthony Benezet, Lindley Murray, and others. 

The whole collection numbers about 7,000 volumes. 

Allen C. Thomas. 



GENERAL JACOB BROWN NOT " A FIGHTING 
QUAKER." 

In a recent number of the Bulletin (Vol. 8, 108-110) it 
was shown that the claim of Horace M. Lippincott, made on more 
than one occasion, that Generals Greene and Mifflin, of the 
American Revolution, and Jacob Brown, of the War of 1812, 
were " Fighting Quakers " was untenable as to the first two, as 
they were disowned for entering into military service; and im- 
probable as to Jacob Brown. 

After considerable personal research, and with some assist- 
ance, the complete record of Jacob Brown as a Quaker has been 
ascertained. He was originally a member of Falls Monthly 
Meeting, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. In the records of that 
meeting, under date of 3rd month 4th, 1795, is the following 
entry: "The Falls [Preparative Meeting] report that Jacob 

^1 See "A Quaker Post Bag," 1910; Journal of Thomas Story, 1747, 
pp. 90, 46s, 684. 



GENERAL JACOB BROWN NOT "A FIGHTING QUAKER." 33 

Brown requests a Certificate to Chesterfield Monthly Meeting, 
New Jersey." Again: 4th month 8, 1795. "The friends ap- 
pointed to prepare a certificate for Jacob Brown, produced one 
which was read, and with a small alteration, approved, and signed 
by the Clerk; his father is appointed to convey it to him." It 
might be noted that the young man was at this time twenty years 
of age. 

A search of the records of Chesterfield Monthly Meeting, 
which was held at or near Crosswicks, New Jersey, not far from 
Trenton, reveals the following: " First month 2d, 1798, Chester- 
field Preparative Meeting informs that Jacob Brown requests a 
certificate of Removal to Monthly Meeting of New York. 
Joshua Bunting and Jacob Middleton were appointed to make the 
necessary inquiry, and if nothing appears to obstruct, to prepare 
one for the approbation of next meeting." " Second month 6th, 
1798. Jacob Brown had a certificate of removal granted to the 
Monthly Meeting of New York." 

Thus far Jacob Brown was a member in good standing. 
Following a residence in New York City for a few months, he 
went, in 1799, to the extreme northeastern part of New York 
State, and started a successful settlement now known as Brown- 
ville. Here he was far from any Friends' Meeting.^ 

Jacob Brown's name appears on the records of New York 
Monthly Meeting as having a certificate from Chesterfield 
Monthly Meeting, as above, but does not again appear until 3rd 
month 2, 1803, when New York Preparative Meeting " informs 
that Jacob Brown removed some time since to the northern part 
of this State, remote from any Meeting of Friends, with informa- 

' It is interesting that in the Minutes of Falls Meeting the following 
Minute occurs: "nth month 3, 1802. Samuel Brown and family haviny 
some time past removed from us, and settled at Brownsville [sic] within 
about forty miles of Adolphus Town Monthly Meeting. Canada, and it be- 
\ti^ thought right they should be under the care of Friends living more 
contiguous," etc. "A committee was appointed to prepare a certificate of 
removal." This was granted 2d month 9, 1803, to Samuel Brown and Abi. 
bis wife, and their five children, Samuel, Hannah, William, Abi, anH 
Joseph. 



34 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

tion that he has gone out in Marriage to one not in membership 
with us, and that he has also been engaged in endeavoring to pro- 
mote a Lottery." ^ The committee appointed to look into the 
matter received a reply to their letter, in which he admitted the 
two offences, and added that he acted as a commissioner to dis- 
tribute the funds derived from the lottery. He was disozvncd 4th 
month 4, 1804. 

This is conclusive that Jacob Brown was not a member at the 
time of the War of 18 12, and this fact also coincides with infor- 
mation from one of his descendants that the family tradition is, 
that he was disowned for " marrying out." So Jacob Brown was 
not "A Fighting Quaker." 



WILLIAM PENN'S " NO CROSS, NO CROWN." 

It has been thought that possibly William Penn may have had the 
title of his celebrated book, " No Cross, No Crown," suggested to him by 
the following couplet from Francis Quarles's poem, " Hadassa, the His- 
tory of Queene Ester" (1621) : 

" The way to bliss lies not on beds of down. 
And he that has no cross, deserves no crown." 

Quarles died in 1644, the year of Penn's birth, and his works were at 
their height of popularity when Penn was a young man. 



2 It should be remembered that at this period Friends were almost the 
only ones who objected to lotteries. Princeton College in 1763 raised 
funds by means of a lottery, and the Washington Monument in Baltimore, 
Maryland, was built with funds chiefly raised in this manner. Mary Rus- 
sell Mitford tells us that on her tenth birthday (1797) her father took her 
to a lottery office and told her to choose a ticket out of those offered, and 
she chose one with the number 2224. There being some difficulty raised 
about this particular ticket, she was asked to choose another, but with child- 
ish pertinacity, insisted that that and that only would she choose. On be- 
ing pressed to tell why, she replied that the figures on that ticket added up 
ten, and it was her tenth birthday. So the ticket was bought, and. strange 
to say, drew a prize of £20,000, which in a few years her spendthrift father 
ran through. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 35 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 

The Personality of George Fox. By A. Neave Brayshaw, B.A., 
LL.B, . . . With an introduction by Herbert G. Wood, M.A. . . . 
Published for the Friends' Historical Society by Headley Brothers, Ltd., 
London; Friends' Book and Tract Committee, 144 East Twentieth Street, 
New York, Grace W. Blair, Media, Pa., SYz x 5H in., pp. xii, 92. is. 50 
cents postpaid. 

This short treatise or monograph has been eagerly looked for by 
students of George Fox's life and character, and they will not be dis- 
appointed. It shows clearly that it is the fruit of extensive reading, 
careful weighing of evidence, and sympathetic yet remarkably impartial 
judgment. No thoughtful reader, or any student, will think, as the 
author seems to fear, that he has " overloaded " his volume with " refer- 
ences and notes." There is no need for any apology. The author says, 
wisely : " This work is intended to be a picture of the man George 
Fox, not a consecutive account of his life nor an exposition of his teach- 
ing." 

A thoroughly satisfactory " Life " of Fox has yet to be written. 
The longest, that by Janney, is biased, and now antiquated; and others 
are unsatisfactory in many ways. Of the shorter accounts, that by the 
late Thomas Hodgkin, was written before much of great value and 
interest had come to light ; while several excellent sketches make no claim 
to be a " Life." 

In the monograph before us, though not a "Life," in the words 
of the " Introduction " by Herbert G. Wood, " We become acquainted 
with him [Fox] in his rugged vigor and homespun simplicity as we 
read some of those illuminating touches found in the original sources 
which of late years have been opened up." No one who wishes really to 
know Fox can afford to miss this volume. 

Besides the " Introduction," there are " Abbreviations and Bibli- 
ography," a valuable "Chronological Table of Fox's Life;" Appendices 
on " Portraits of Fox ; " " Remarkable Cures by Fox ; " " George Fox's 
Spelling;" "Addenda;" and an "Index," which might have been some- 
what fuller. Slight typographical errors or slips occur on p. 21, 1. 4 : P- 
29, 1. 11; p. 47, 11- 3-8. 

The author is to be congratulated on producing a work indispensable 
to the student of Quaker history. 

The Human Needs of Labor. By B. Seebohm Rowntree. . . . Thomas 
Nelson and Sons, Ltd., London, Edinburgh and New York [1Q18], 
5x7^ in., pp. 168. 

This small book is by one of the great authorities on Labor. Pov- 
erty, and Wages. He is not only a theorist, but a practical investigator, 



36 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

and, as a member of the great cocoa firm of Rowntrees in York, England, 
a large employer of labor himself. Though in matters of detail the 
book is hardly suited to American conditions, the principles underlying 
the work, and its suggestions are well worthy the thoughtful consideration 
of all Americans interested in this most important matter. The Ameri- 
can workman would hardly be satisfied with the minimum Dietary sug- 
gested, or what is considered would be the minimum wage " after the 
war," which is estimated at 44s. per week for men and 25s. for women. 
A distinction made at the beginning of the book is worth quoting. " In 
discussing the principles on which minimum wages should be fixed we 
should draw a clear distinction between minimum wages and wages above 
the minimum. The former should be determined primarily by human 
needs, the latter by the market value of the services rendered." 

Friends' Quarterly Examiner, Tenth month, 1918, and First month, 
1919- 

These two numbers have come to hand since the last issue of the 
Bulletin. As is natural, their contents relate mostly to current and pos- 
sible future events, and there is very much of interest concerning these 
fields. In the number for Tenth month there is a paper by John E. 
Southall on Morgan Llwd (i6i9?-i659) (Morgan Floyd or Lloyd, for 
he goes by all those names). He was an able Welshman, a historian, 
preacher and poet. " He was an earnest and eloquent preacher, and in 
a considerable degree inclined towards Quakerism though remaining 
among the Independents." ^ In the number for First month Anna L. 
Littleboy has an interesting paper, " Quaker Embassies a Century Ago," 
referring specially to the visits of Quakers to the Continent. Among 
those mentioned are Elizabeth Robson, Elizabeth Fry, Stephen Grellet, 
William Allen and Thomas Shillitoe. 

Anmial Monitor for 1918. From October i, 1916, to September 30, 
1917. John Bellows, Eastgate, Gloucester, 1917 [1918?]. sy^ x sJ^ in., 
pp. xi, 174. 2S. 

This annual, this being its one hundred and sixth number, resembles 
previous issues in almost all essentials except two : first, the larger num- 
ber whose death was directly caused by the war, the number being fifty- 
three as against about thirty in the previous year, most of whom are 
reported as " killed in action ; " second, largely as the result of the 
former, the reduction of the average age at death which was 63 years 
as against 66y2 years in 1914-1915. 

1 Norris, John Ap. John, 1907. p. 4 ; Journal of George Fox, Cam- 
bridge edition, 1,422. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. Z7 

The longest, and to Americans, probably the most interesting memoir 
is that of Isaac Sharp, the late Recording Secretary of English Friends. 
There are other memoirs well worthy of perusal, such as Daniel Oliver 
of Kew Gardens; John William Steel, William R. Nash and Joseph Firth 
Clark, which show how deeply religious men can take an active and 
influential part in civil, scientific and municipal life. There are sixteen 
portraits. What appears to be a typographical error, strange in an estab- 
lishment like that of Bellows, gives the date of publication as 1917, though 
the preface stating it is the issue for 1918, is dated October, 1918. 

The World Within. By Rufus M. Jones, M.A., Litt.D., New York, 
The Macmillan Co., 1918. 5 x 7^4 in., pp. xii, 172. $1. 

This volume is written in the clear and attractive style which we have 
come to expect in works by this author. Some of the chapters have 
appeared in the columns of The Friend (London), and have been 
read there; those who have heard the author will recognize other por- 
tions in slightly different form, but all will welcome the book. It is to 
be highly commended as meeting not a few present needs, and being alive 
to present issues. 

On Two Fronts. By T. Corder Catchpool. Edited by his sister, 
with a foreword by J. Rendel Harris. Headley Bros., London, 1918. 454 
X 7 in., pp. 176. Paper, 2s. ; 95 cents, postpaid, N. Y. Book and Tract 
Committee, 144 East Twentieth Street, New York. 

This little book, though published as long ago as Seventh month, 1918, 
has only just been allowed by the censor to be exported from Great 
Britain, at which those who read it will scarcely wonder. 

The volume consists of two parts, (i) the experiences of the author 
as a member of the F. A. U. (Friends' Ambulance Unit) as related in 
letters to his sister ("9th November, 1914," to "14th May, 1916"). and 
(2) his experiences as an absolute Conscientious Objector in England, 
with accounts of four courts-martial and his sentences. 

It should be said in explanation that the author served eighteen 
months in the F. A. U. with great distinction, but came to feel that 
owing to the Conscription Act the unit was " in effect a conscript unit 
... the iron hand lurking in the background" (p. 107). Under such 
circumstances he wrote : " I am clear that the time has come for me 
to resign" (p. 108). He did so; his exemption was withdrawn, and he 
was four times court-martialed and condemned to imprisonment at hard 
labor. The last sentence (Fourth month i, 1918) was eighteen months 
at hard labor in Ipswich civil prison. The Friend (London) of 31st of 
First month, 1919, reports him as still undergoing his sentence. It should 
be noted that at the last trial he wore his " Mons Ribbon, which had 



38 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

been awarded him by the War Office in recognition of his work with the 
F. A. U. in 1914!" 

Those who wish to learn what the work of an ambulance unit was, 
told in a lively interesting manner — or read a graphic account of a great 
battle (the second battle of Ypres) in a manner far better than most 
newspaper correspondents and absolutely truthful ; or wish to under- 
stand the position of a Conscientious Objector of the highest type- 
should not fail to secure this little book. It is one of the " war books " 
which will have permanent value. The author's position is indicated by 
the following statements : " I am not concerned to secure exemption 
from military service, but to bear witness to the Truth as it is revealed 
to me." " I have little desire for my own safety and comfort when hun- 
dreds of thousands of my fellow-men of all nations are laying down 
their lives. ... I understand and honor those, my comrades, who have 
unlisted in the army to fight, as they believe, for the right. The greatest 
sacrifice I have ever made is to withhold from sharing with them their 
sublime surrender" (p. 109). 

Those who have had the privilege of personal acquaintance with 
Corder Catchpool, much as his character was appreciated, did not realize 
its depth, its beauty and its courage. 

The Next Step in Social and Industrial Reconstruction, being Papers 
prepared for Meetings of the Committee on War and the Social Order 
(appointed by London Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends), together 
with Minutes recording the considered Views of the Committee and a 
short Bibliography. London, Headley Bros [1918]. is. net. 5^ x 8^ 
in., pp. 104. 55 cents postpaid. 

It is to be regretted that the Committee under whose auspices this 
collection of papers has been issued did not place upon the title-page a 
disclaimer of being responsible for the opinions expressed by individual 
writers as well as giving that information in the " Foreword." It is to 
be feared that some rather hasty readers may not recognize this fact, and 
will hold the Committee in some degree as putting its imprimatur on the 
very extreme, impracticable views expressed by some of the contributors, 
who seem to see little difference between the " next step " and a long 
jump, or between reconstruction and destruction. The Editor well re- 
marks, " It is quite evident that we are far from being able to make 
any final and generally acceptable pronouncement" (p. 10). 

The first Essay, " The Next Step," by J. Edward Hodgkin, is in 
some degree a review of those which follow. It is a well-balanced, 
thoughtful and suggestive paper. 

Curiously enough there is no date given either on the title page or 
in the " Foreword " to indicate time of issue. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 39 

The Return of " the Mayflower." An Interlude. By Rendel Harris, 
Manchester. At the University Press, Longmans, Green and Company, 
London, New York, etc., 1919. 6x9 in., pp. vi, Z7- Two illustrations; 
one Hymn, and one Psalm with Musical Notes. 

What shall we call this little book— a jeu d' esprit? for it certainly 
is a play of wit — or a serious production? In it the past and present 
both unite beneath Time's flowing tide. It would be a good test of one's 
general reading to verify all allusions, and place all quotations and 
adaptations. 

The author has rarely ever let his fancy roam quite so far afield, 
as in this Interlude, as he calls it ; every page is characteristic. Those 
who have the wit to read beneath the surface will find a purpose high 
and true. 

Chiltorn in the Preface should be Chilton. 

The Founders: Portraits of Persons Born abroad who came to the 
Colonies before the Year 1701, xuith an Introduction, Biographical Out- 
lines, and Comments. By Charles Knowles Bolton. Two volumes. Bos- 
ton : The Boston Athenaeum, 1919, 6x9 in., pp. vii, 690 (paged continu- 
ously). $12.00. 

In these handsome volumes there are several portraits of interest to 
Friends, as well as the sketches of the subjects and the comments on the 
portraits themselves. The editor gives two portraits of Hannah Penn, 
making one the frontispiece of the first volume. He says of this : " The 
reader may well ask why Hannah Penn's face is opposite the title-page of 
this book, when she was for so short a time in America. There is but one 
answer: We like her face and we admire her brave spirit" (p. 286). 
Probably most of the readers of the Bulletin will agree with his opinion. 
Other Quaker portraits are, James Logan, Isaac Norris and Mrs. Mary 
(Lloyd) Norris, William Penn (the armor portrait), Samuel Carpenter, 
William Coddington (probably not the first Coddington), Edward Ship- 
pen (of doubtful authenticity), and George Keith. Of this last portrait 
there is a most interesting account which gives a good idea of the method 
and care which the author has taken to verify his work and the portraits 
under consideration. In this study of Keith's portrait he gives generous 
credit to the aid furnished by Norman Penney, of Friends' Reference 
Library, Devonshire House, London, and to the editor of the Bulletin. 

Other portraits specially interesting to Friends are those of John 
Endecott and Edward Rawson, who figure so largely in Bishop's " New 
England Judged" as persecutors of the Quakers in Boston, and of Sir 
William Berkeley, of Virginia, who was so " peevish and brittle " towards 
William Edmundson. {Journal, p. 60.) 

The mechanical execution of the volumes and of the portraits is ex- 
cellent. 



40 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



NOTES AND QUERIES 



Origin of the Name " Nine 
Partners." — The name Nine Part- 
ners is said in the History of 
" Duchess " County, 1682-1882, to 
have been applied to a large tract 
of land rather centrally located in 
the present county, which was 
purchased from the crown by a 
co-partnership of the following 
nine men in 1697, viz. : Caleb 
Heathcote, Augustus Graham, 
James Emmott, Henry Filkins, 
David Jamison, Hendryck Ten 
Eyck, John Aaretson, William 
Creed and Jarvis Marshall. Thus 
the name was applied to a sec- 
tion of country, as the Oblong 
Patent and Oswego Patent gave 
names to others. The record of 
the establishment of a Friends' 
meeting here has not been found. 
Settlement was slow at first, but 
very rapid after 1750, so probably 
about that time the meeting was 
set up and took the name then 
held by its location. As a lo- 
cality the name went out with the 
founding of the Town of Wash- 
ington in 1788, but the Boarding 
School adopted the name of the 
meeting about 1796. The meet- 
ings — Quarterly and Monthly — 
have continued its use, and a few 
years ago the Nine Partners Bur- 
ial Ground Association purchased 
of the remnant of the " Hicksite " 
Friends the old meeting-house and 
burial ground to be kept in good 
order perpetually. The name is 
much esteemed by the city dwell- 



ers and one of the streets they 
have named Nine Partners Lane. 
A. Franklin Swift. 
Millbrook, N. Y., Tenth 
month 20, 1918. 

Notices of Whittier. — In the 
third volume of The Cambridge 
History of American Literature 
(Putnams), just published, there 
is an appreciative chapter on 
Whittier by William Morton 
Payne, who awards him high 
praise. There is a bibliography 
of sixteen pages, which is prob- 
ably one of the fullest of Whittier 
that has been made. It is the 
work of Frank Humphrey Ristine. 

In the " Early Years of the 
Saturday Club (1855- 1870)," Ed- 
ward W. Emerson, Editor, Bos- 
ton, 1918, there is another appre- 
ciative notice (8 pages) of Whit- 
tier by Bliss Perry; also a por- 
trait. 

" Death of Oldest Quaker 
Preacher." — " Rich in years and 
beloved by the entire community, 
' Aunt ' Mary Goddard, the old- 
est person in Maine and the old- 
est Quaker preacher in the world, 
died on January 23, 1919, says a 
Brunswick dispatch to the Boston 
Globe. She would have been log 
years old had she lived to March 
10. 

" Mrs. Goddard had apparently 
been enjoying good health this 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



41 



winter, but on Monday contracted 
a cold and began to fail rapidly. 
" She was a minister of the 
Friends' Church and preached 
regularly every Sunday at the 
Friends' Meeting House in Dur- 
ham until she was more than 100 
years old. She was born in South 
Durham and preached at Sand- 
wich, N. H., for a number of 
years." 

Another Centenarian Quaker 
Preacher. — The above record 
was almost reached by another 
Quaker preacher, a member of 
London Yearly Meeting, who 
died in 1901. Elizabeth (Sander- 
son) Hanbury was born Sixth 
month 9, 1793, and died Tenth 
month ID, 1901, aged 108 years 
and four months. Mary Goddard, 
at the time of her death, was six 
months older, which makes her 
the oldest Quaker preacher on 
record. 

Both retained their faculties in 
a remarkable degree. Elizabeth 
Hanbury a few weeks before her 
io8th birthday composed and dic- 
tated the following versified mes- 
sage to London Yearly Meeting, 
which appears in the Minutes of 
that year, " Desiring that those 
who have upheld the faith in 
times long past might be kept in 
mind and their example fol- 
lowed." 
" Fox, Penn, Woolman, Allen, 

Grellet and Gurney, 
And many more of faith the 

same, 
Made mortal life a heavenward 

journey. 
Eternal happiness their aim. 



Saved by the power of Jesus 
And by his mercy blest, 

Whose love from guilt releases, 
And gives eternal rest. 

No power of language can ex- 
press 
The gratitude to God we owe. 
For all the blessings in excess 
That from Divine Redemp- 
tion flow." 



"Tryal of William Penn." — 
Marshall, Jones Co., of Boston, 
announce for publication during 
the present spring " The Tryal of 
William Penn and William for 
Causing a Tumult," edited by Don 
C. Seitz, " the material for which 
has been brought together from 
newspapers and pamphlets of the 
time." 

An Incident in George Fox's 
Travels, 1657. — " And the next 
day we passed from thence 
[through Tenby] into Flintshire 
and sounded the day of the Lord 
through the towns, and came into 
Wrexham at night, where many 
of Floyd's [Morgan Lloyd] peo- 
ple came to us, but very rude and 
wild and airy they wer?, and lit- 
tle sense of truth they had, yet 
was some convinced in the town ; 
and the next morning there was 
a Lady sent for me, and she had 
a teacher at her house. And they 
was both very light and airy peo- 
ple, and was too light to receive 
the weighty things of God; and 
in JKT lightness she came and 
asked inc whether she should cut 
niv hair. .\nd I was moved to 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



reprove her, and bid her cut down 
the corruptions in her with the 
sword of the Spirit of God. And 
so after I had admonished her, we 
passed away; and after [wards] 
she made her boast in her frothy 
mind that she came behind me 
and cut off a lock of my hair, 
which was a lie." Journal, Cam- 
bridge edition, 1,284,285. Spelling 
modernized. 



Journal of the Friends^ His- 
torical Society. — The last num- 
ber of this "Journal" which has 
reached us is number 3 of volume 
15. As usual, there is a great 
deal of interest, many of the brief 
notices being not the least import- 
ant. The principal paper is the 
continuation of that on Jean de 
Marsillac by the Editor, Norman 
Penney, which increases in inter- 
est. 



Military Training in 1687. — 
" Taken from John Bowne for 
his son Samuel not training, two 
sheep by John Harrison, the 3rd 
of the Seventh month, 1687, worth 
£1.0.0." From Eccl. Records, 
State of New York, 2, 98. 

This is the Samuel Bowne a 
number of whose letters with let- 
ters of his wife were recently pub- 
lished in the Bulletin. 



Journal of Peter Andrews 
(1707- 1 750). — John Woolman, in 
his "Journal" under years 1746, 
1747, speaks of this Friend as " my 
beloved friend and neighbor." He 



was companion to John Woolman 
in at least two religious journeys, 
the first in New Jersey, covering 
three hundred and forty miles; 
the second to New England, cov- 
ering about fifteen hundred miles, 
and having " sailed about one 
hundred and fifty! " In a notice of 
Peter Andrews, John Smith, of 
Burlington, New Jersey (d. 
1771), states that he consulted the 
Journal of Peter Andrews, and 
quotes from it. Does any reader 
know whether this Journal is still 
in existence, and if so, in whose 
hands? See Woolman's Journal, 
New Century edition, pp. 61-64. 



An Unusual Declination. — 
When Joseph Firth Clark (a 
Friend) was Mayor of Doncas- 
ter, England (1908), he received 
an official invitation to meet King 
Edward VII on the race-course 
after the great race of the day 
had been run. To the astonishment 
of many, and the sorrow or an- 
ger of others, he respectfully 
declined the invitation. He thus 
wrote : " It would indeed have 
been a great honor, which I should 
have looked upon all my life with 
the greatest satisfaction, as I have 
a profound respect and regard for 
our most gracious King, whom I 
desire to honor in every way as 
one of his most loyal subjects. 
Though I have lived in Doncaster 
all my life, I have never once 
attended the races, and did not 
therefore feel that I could con- 
sistently break through the rule 
even for so great an honor." 
Annual Monitor, 1918, p. Z7- 



NOTES Ax\D QUERIES. 



43 



Our Friend, B. Seebohm Rown- 
tree, has a valuable paper in the 
Contemporary for January, igig, 
on " Prospects and Tasks for So- 
cial Reconstruction." 

Dr. John Rickman is given the 
leading place in the Atlantic 
Monthly, March, 1919, for his pa- 
per on "Commonplaces in Buzu- 
luk." Buzuluk is a city in the 
province of Samara, southern 
Russia, almost exactly north of 
the Caspian. 

Amelia E. Barr, the novelist, 
died March 11, 1919, within a few 
weeks of her 88th birthday. She 
will be remembered as the author 
of " Friend Olivia," an interesting 
story of the times of George 
Fox. In this she gives a very 
sympathetic picture of the early 
Friends near Ulverston, in which 
George Fox is introduced. As she 
herself was born and lived in 
early life near Ulverston her de- 
tails are accurate. She makes Fox 
too old, however, for at the sup- 
posed date of the story he could 
not have been over thirty-four. 
She was a prolific author, ha-fmg 
written upwards of eighty 
volumes. 

Henry J. Cadbury, of Haver- 
ford, has an informing and con- 
vincing paper in the " Journal of 
Biblical Literature," vol. 37, i-ii 
(1918), pp. 29. on "The Basis of 
Early Christian Anti-Militarism," 
with many quotations. 

Whittier Not a War-Pof.t. — 
" The term ' war-poet ' — especially 



that of 'Quaker War-Poet '—is a 
misnomer, and in my case, I have 
never written a poem in favor or 
in praise of war. If possible, 
strike out the phrase, as I do not 
wish to be represented as false to 
my life-long principles." — From a 
letter of Whittier's to John J. 
Piatt, dated Amesbury, Dec. 7, 
1878, enclosing a clipping from the 
New York Evening Post, and ob- 
jecting to a term there applied tc 
him. 

John Scott of Amwell. — In 
" The English Village," an attrac- 
tive " Literary Study " by Julia 
Patton, Ph.D., recently (1919) 
published by the Macmillan Co., 
there is a somewhat extended no- 
tice (pp. 102-104) of the Quaker 
poet of the eighteenth century, 
John Scott of Amwell. The poem 
upon which most attention is be- 
stowed is that descriptive of the 
village which he loved and from 
which his usual appellation is de- 
rived — Amwell in Hertfordshire 
on the river Lea about four miles 
from the town of Hertford. A 
rc-perusal of this poem, after 
many years, confirms the favor- 
able notice by the present critic of 
this old, quiet, half-forgotten 
poem. A greater contrast to 
much of the verse of this day. es- 
pecially the vers libre, it would be 
hard to find. 

In "A History of the Penal, 
Reformatory, and Correctional 
Institutions of the State of New 
Jersey. Analytical and Documen- 
tary, liy Harry Elmer Barnes " 



44 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



. . . (Trenton, MacCrellish & 
Quigley Co., 1918, pp. 655), will 
be found an account of the 
" Quaker system of work-house 
imprisonment, for punishment, 
reformation, and instruction in 
industry." 

" The penal system of East Jer- 
sey provided only a county jail 
system, under control of the 
sheriff, for detention rather than 
punishment or reformation; but 
the Quakers of West Jersey un- 
dertook to establish a prison sys- 
tem, having as its basis the work- 
house, with a view both to punish- 
ment and reformation. The work- 
house system first found concrete 
development in the Middlesex 
County work-house in 1768." 

Anecdote of Warner Mifflin. 
— " The battle of Germantown 
(Oct. 4, 1777) happened on the 
day of the Yearly Meeting of the 
Quakers, in Philadelphia. In the 
time of the battle, these friends of 
peace were engaged in prayer, 
that Divine protection might be 
granted to the city and the peo- 
ple ; and in preparing to renew 
their testimony against the spirit 
of war. While James Thornton 
was writing their Testimony, the 
cannon shook the house where 
they were assem1)led, and the air 
was darkened by the smoke of the 
guns. Warner Mifflin (1745-1798) 
undertook the service of com- 
municating the Testimony to Gen- 



eral Washington and General 
Howe. To perform this duty he 
had to walk in blood, and among 
the dead bodies of those who had 
fallen in battle. He performed 
the service with great freedom 
and intrepidity. In the conversa- 
tion with General Washington, he 
said expressly, ' I am opposed to 
the revolution, and to all changes 
of government which occasion 
war and bloodshed.' " — From 
Comly's " Friends' Miscellany," 
Vol. 221, 222. 

" Lay Religion." — " Lay Re- 
ligion," by Henry T. Hodgkin. 
M.A., M.B. Cantab. London. 
Headley Bros, IQ19, 5 x 7^ in., 
pp. 226. 3s. 6d. $1.50. This vol- 
ume has come to hand too late 
for an extended review in the 
proper place. It is the first of a 
new series entitled, " The Chris- 
tian Revolution." The prospectus 
says, " These books are written 
under the persuasion that only a 
religious solution is adequate to 
the world's need, and that only 
upon the principles for which 
Jesus of Nazareth stands in his- 
tory can the world be fashioned 
to heart's desire." The work is 
written in a non-controversial, 
and yet an uncompromising spirit, 
and it deserves to be commended 
to the thoughtful attention of 
those who face the momentous 
issues of to-day with a desire to 
do their part in placing human 
society on a solid foundation. 



Volume 9, No. 3 Fifth Month (May), 1920 

Bulletin of 

Friends' Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Portrait of Isaac Sharpless . Frontispiece 

Isaac Sharpless (i 848-- 1920) and Bibliography 90 

Journal of Peter Andrews ( 1 707— 1 750) . Joseph Joshua Green loo 

Revolutionary Journal of Margaret Morris, Conclusion, with 

Illustration 103 

Papunahung, the Indian Chief . . . Amelia M. Gummere 114 

A Visit to Friends in Charleston, S. C. 18 19. Ellis Yarnall 118 

An Eighteenth Century Frenchman on American Qiiakerism 128 

Books of Interest to Friends 1 30 

Notes and Qiieries -137 

Correction 1 40 

Note.— The editor does not hold himself responsible for any statement 
made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the Bulletin should be addressed to Allen C. 
Thomas, Haverford, Pa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary- 
Treasurer, 24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, $1.00 per annum. All members receive the Btlletin free. 



90 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

ISAAC SHARPLESS 
1 848-1 920. 

It is fitting that we should record our great sense of loss in the 
recent death of Isaac Sharpless, LL.D., late President of Haver- 
ford College, who was in fact the founder of the Friends' His- 
torical! Society and its first President. To him more than to any 
other we owe the organization of this body, which was the out- 
come of the Centennial celebration at Friends' Meeting House at 
Fourth and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, in the summer of 1904. 

On that remarkable occasion, before an audience of twenty- 
three hundred, Isaac Sharpless, in his own inimitable way, re- 
viewed the social conditions among Philadelphia Friends a cen- 
tury before. When the souvenir book of the Centennial was 
published soon after, his Introduction, which was also the first 
ofificial publication of this Society, contained the following striking 
parag^raph : " It is well occasionally to look into the past, and 
gather up the standards and principles of our ancestors in the 
faith. It is well if it lead us to reconsecrate ourselves to the 
cause for which they wrought — the pure religion of Christ. We 
may not adopt all their methods ; the testimonies which they up- 
held may in part be replaced by others more vital to our day. 
But those among us who see beneath the surface will feel no dis- 
position to build on any other groundwork than theirs, nor to 
adopt modes of action essentially out of harmony with their prin- 
ciples. The lack of hisitoric background, while compatible with 
much Christian goodness and zeal and openness of mind, seems, 
when appHed to congregaitions, to lead to opportunism; the selec- 
tion of methods dictated by the emergencies of the present, and 
to destroy that continuity of principle so essential to the preserva- 
tion of the type. If the spirit and motives of the best Friends of 
the past were known and read by all of us who bear the name of 
Friend, they would be interwoven through our lives as through 
the pages of prophecy is interwoven, ' thus saith the Lord.' " 
With this most characteristic setting forth of the principles which 
he felit should guide the future acts of this Historical Society, we 



ISAAC SHARPLESS. 91 

may pause for a moment's backward glance at the career of this 
Quaker historian. 

Isaac Sharpless, son of Aaron and Susanna (Forsythe) Sharp- 
less, was born December i6th, 1848. A ponderous quarto tome 
of over 1300 pages, published in 1887, preserves the record of 
the immigrant ancestor John Sharpless and the thousands of his 
substantial progeny in the community in which Isaac Sharpless 
was a birthright Friend. The farm of his father and grand- 
father Isaac Sharpless, where he was born, had been the home- 
stead of the family for several generations. It lay at the foot of 
Osborne Hill among the gently undulating hills of East Bradford, 
now (since 1856) Birmingham Township, Chester County, Penn- 
sylvania. The impressionable years of boyhood were spent here, 
where his daily walks took him over the historic barttlefield of the 
Brandywine, and where the semi-weekly worship of the family 
led a little southeasterly to Birmingham Friends' Meeting House 
(Orthodox) — the old Meeting House of the "Hicksite" body 
near by having served as the hospital on the battle ground. 

He was a diligent reader of the choice collection of books in 
the old Birmingham Library, supported by members of that meet- 
ing and others. From this little library fiction was carefully ex- 
cluded but its absence was filled by a double portion of biography,, 
history, travel and popular science. From childhood he had" 
listened to Revolutionary tales of the neighborhood and had seen 
the graves of the British and American soldiers in the buriaP 
ground at tihe old Meeting House. Doubtless these early influ- 
ences told upon his career, which began among the historic sur- 
roundings in which he grew up, but it was his home training that 
had more to do in making him what he was than the historic 
features of the country. His first school was that conducted by 
Friends near the Meeting House. 

From Birmingham Isaac Sharpless went to Westtown School 
in November. 1862, where, after completing its course of study, he 
returned to teach mathematics in 1868, and where the next au- 
tumn, his parents came and resided for five years as Superin- 
tendent and Matron. With the exception of one year — 1872-3 — 
spent at Harvard, where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of 



92 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Science in the Lawrence Scientific School, Isaac Sharpless re- 
mained at Westtown. In the autumn of 1875 ^^ was appointed 
Instructor of Mathematics at Haverford College, where he spent 
the remainder of his useful life. In 1876 (August loth) he mar- 
ried Lvdia Trimble Cope, daughter of Paschal and Amy A. Cope 
of West Chester, Pennsylvania. She survives him, with one son 
and five daughters. 

In 1879 Isaac Sharpless was made Professor of Mathematics 
and Astronomy, in which capacity he served until 1884. Readers 
of Philadelphia periodicals will recall the able articles, on the 
aspect of the heavens at different periods, which constantly ap- 
peared over his signature during those years, and which, together 
with the reports from the Haverford Observatory, made its serv- 
ice known throughout the academic world, both here and in 
Europe. 

For three years he served as Dean of the College, when he was 
elected President in 1887. His Honorary Degrees were, 1883, 
Sc.D. from the University of Pennsylvania; 1889, LL.D. from 
Swarthmore College; 1903, L.H.D. from Hobart College; 1915, 
LL.D. from Harvard. 

His first literary efforts are to be found in the bound MS. 
volumes of " The Cabinet," a monthly periodical supported by 
the teachers and older students of Westtown. His contributions 
" always possessed a virility which distinguished them from 
others." A contemporary says of him : " The slow progress of 
jeducational matters in Philadelphia Yearly Meeting rested strongly 
-upon his mind." The autumn of 1880 witnessed the advent of 
'" The Student," a modest little monthly magazine " devoted to the 
■interests of education in the Society of Friends." The editors 
and publishers were Isaac Sharpless and Watson W. Dewees, and 
it is a striking fact that " it was the first venture of the kind in the 
history of American Quakerism." Its management changed at 
the end of four years, but during that period there were several 
signed articles which were characteristic, besides his editorials. 
Any aittempt to write the history of education in the Society of 
Friends must take into account the conspicuous part played by 
Isaac Sharpless in Philadelphia in the early 8o's of the last cen- 



ISAAC SHARPLESS. 93 

tury. When the "Westonian" appeared in 1895 it had his un- 
quahfied support, and his contributions are to be found in the 
appended bibliography. 

Isaac Sharpless' best monument is the college into which en- 
tered his whole personality. Here for thirty years he remained, 
much beloved and universally respected; a virile figure, with 
something of the old time simplicity which left its impress on 
every student who sat under him. It was his custom throughout 
to keep in personal touch with every class entering college by 
teaching two of their courses himself. He has unconsciously 
given us a true picture of himself in his book, " The American 
College," in which he describes the ideal college President : 

"... He is not primarily a taskmaster or disciplinarian, but 
a man who is giving his life for a cause, and not only for an ab- 
stract cause, but for (men) as individuals ; that he has a message 
for them which he must deliver, and that he feels that the very 
future of one or more of them lies in the proper use of that 
power. When he feels thus, he will preach, and his sermon will 
not be forgotten by some of them." 

Not only was he serious in his ideals ; he was full of the humor 
which one finds in a Lincoln. When applauded for a long time 
at the Haverford Alumni Dinner of 1918, he said: "I clearly 
understand that the most popular thing I ever did as President of 
Haverford was to resign." He often told the story, repeated 
by Dean Briggs in one of his books, about his conversation with 
a certain college culprit: I.S. : " I have reason to believe that thee 
is both a thief and a liar!" Answer: "President Sharpless, I 
may be a liar, but I give you my word I'm not a thief !" It was 
this ability to loosen a tight situation, to use the solvent of a tell- 
ing epigram, that contributed markedly to his great and lasting 
influence. 

Isaac Sharpless's pedagogic inclinations, and perhaps his humor 
may have come from his greatgrandfather, John Forsythe (1754- 
1840), a sandy-haired, gay young Presbyterian from Ireland who 
later joined Friends and became noted as a teacher at Birming- 
ham and at Westtown. 

In addition to his Presidency, 1904-191 1, of Friends' Historical 



94 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Society of Philadelphia, he was active in other historical work, 
serving as Executive Councillor, 1905-1916, and President, 1909- 
1912, of the Pennsylvania History Club; Vice President, 1914- 
191 5, and President, 1915-1916, of Friends' Historical Society of 
England ; member of the Committee of Seven Advisers to the 
Works of William Penn, 191Q-1920, and Councillor, 191Q-1920, 
of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. His books quickly 
gained for him high repute for insight into human motives, sym- 
pathetic yet unbiased interpretation of Quaker policies, scientific 
care in the weighing of evidence, and a corresponding moderation 
in the statement of conclusions. Thus his was a foremost place 
among the historians of Pennsylvania. 

An equally high ideal was held up to all who followed Isaac 
Sharpless in his work for clean pohtics, since his interests were 
sufficiently wide to impress the reader of his record with his ac- 
complishments in the quiet life which sought no lime-light outside 
the circle of his duty. His personality, for this very reason, ex- 
tended his efforts for the realization of his ideals to his college, 
his neighborhood and his country. The mind of the man was 
strictly accountaible to a sensitive conscience. Duty and not ex- 
pediency always determined his course, and the history of Quak- 
erism and of his State will be the poorer for his loss. Though 
he had been appointed as one of the Commission, upon the re- 
vision of the Constitution of Pennsylvania, the condition of his 
health did not permit him to serve. His death occurred at his 
home at Haver ford, January i6th, 1920, interment being made at 
Haverford Friends' Meeting House. 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO A 

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ISAAC SHARPLESS, 

i879-'9i9- 

Books. 

Elementary Plane Geometry, Porter and Coates, lamo, Philadelphia, 1879. 

Elements of Plane and Solid Geometry, 266 pp., i2mQ, Porter and Coates, Philadelphia, 

1879. 
John Gummere's S'urveying. Revised and adapted by Isaac Sharpless, 257+87 pp., 

8vo, Porter and Coates, Philadelphia, 1880. 
Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry, lamo, Porter and Coates, Philadelphia, 188 1. 
Astronomy for Schools and General Readers. By Isaac Sharpless and George M. 

Philips. 



ISAAC SHARPLESS. 95 

2 ed., 303 pp., i2mo, J. B. Lippincott and Co., Philadelphia, 1882. 

Natural Philosophy. By Isaac Sharpless and George M. Philips, 350 pp., 12 mo, J. B. 
Lippincott and Co., Philadelphia, 1884. 

Some Facts about Municipal Government in Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool, 
8vo, Haverford College Studies, No. 11, pp. 1-24, 1891. 

English Education in the Elementary and Secondary Schools, xiii+i93 pp., i2mo, D. 
Appleton and Co., New York, 1892, 1902, 1915. (International Educational 
Series, Vol. XXII, edited by William T. Harris.) 

A Quaker Experiment in Government, s + 280 pp., i2mo, Alfred J. Ferris, Philadelphia, 
1898. 

A History of Quaker Government in Pennsylvania, Vol. II. The Quakers in the 
Revolution, 6 + 255 pp., i2mo, T. S. Leach and Co., Philadelphia, 1899; "A 
Quaker Experiment," 1898, above, being considered Vol. I. The two volumes 
with the title " A History of Quaker Government," the respective sub-titles, and 
with a special introduction, were issued as the Haverford Edition, 2 vols., 8vo : 
Vol. I, xxxviii + 274 pp.. Vol. II, 6 + 299 pp., T. S. Leach and Co., Philadelphia, 
1900. Both volumes under the caption " A Quaker Experiment," but lacking 
the special introduction of the Haverford Edition, appeared under one cover, 
Ferris and Leach, Philadelphia, 1902. 

Two Centuries of Pennsylvania History, xiii + 385 pp., i6mo, J. B. Lippincott Co., 
Philadelphia, 1900. (Lippincott Educational Series.) 

Quakerism and Politics, Essays, 224 pp., ismo, Ferris and Leach, Philadelphia, 1905. 

The Quaker Boy on the Farm and at the School, 38 pp., 8vo, Biddle Press, Philadel- 
phia, 1908. 

Introduction to Selections from the Works of William Penn, London, 1909. (Religion 
of Life Series, edited by Rufus M. Jones.) 

The Quakers in Pennsylvania, Book V, pp. 417-580, of Rufus M. Jones's Quakers in 
the American Colonics, 603 pp., 8vo, Macmillan and Co., London, 191 1. 

The American College, x + 221 pp., lamo, Doubleday, Page and Co., New York, 1915. 
(American Book Series.) 

Germantown Academy, Commencement Address, June 8, 191 5. i5 PP-. 8vo, Philadel- 
phia, 1915- 

Story of a Small College, 237 pp., 8vo, The John C. Winston Co., Philadelphia, 1918. 

Political Leaders of Provincial Pennsylvania, viii + 248 pp., 8vo, The Macmillan Co., 
New York, 19:9. 

Editorials, Magazine Articles, etc. 

Editor (with Watson W. Dewees) of The Student, Vols. I (9 mo., 1880) -IV (7 mo., 
1884,) a monthly, printed in Philadelphia; from 9 mo., 1883, the organ of the Educa- 
tional Association of Friends in America. In addition to editorials and news items he 
wrote articles over his own name and the noin dc plume " Wallace." Associate editor, 
Vol. VII (10 mo., 1886 to 8 mo., 1887). 

Our Relations to the Public Schools, by " Wallace," Student, I (Philadelphia, 9 mo.. 

1880), 11-13. 
Astronomical Notes, Student, I (Philadelphia, 1880-1), 16, 38, 60, 84, 108, 132, 159. 183, 

257. 311. 
Book Buying, Student, I (Philadelphia, 10 mo., 1880), 36-37- 
Address to Graduating Class, Haverford College, 1880. 
Our Relation to the Public School System, Student, I (Philadelphia, s mo., 1881), 

253-257- 
Sun Spots, Stoddart's Review, No. 30 (New York and Philadelphia, Nov., 1881), 373- 

375- 
Astronomical Notes, Student, II (Philadelphia, 1881-2), 29, 61, 92, lis, 156, 189, 219, 

252, 284, 315, 318. 



96 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Meteors, Stoddart's Review, No. 37 (New York and Philadelphia, June, 1882), 518-520. 

The Providence Conference, Student, II (Philadelphia, 8 mo., 1882), 357-363- 

What Young People Have Done, by " Wallace," Student, III (Philadelphia, 1882-3), 
51-56, 80-84, 180-184. 

The Comet, Student, III (Philadelphia, 11 mo., 1882), loo-ioi. 

The Transit of Venus, Student, III (Philadelphia, 12 mo., 1882), 135-136. 

Astronomical Notes, Student, III (Philadelphia, 1882-3), 38, 67, 200, 229, 298, 333. 

New Building at Westtown, Student, III (Philadelphia, 4 mo., 1883), 287. 

Study and Stimulants, Student, III (Philadelphia, 6 mo., 1883), 326-328. 

Celestial Photography, The American, VI (Philadelphia, July 7, 1883), 201-202. 

Culture derived from Science, address to Pennsylvania Teachers' Association, Penn- 
sylvania School Journal, XXXII (Lancaster, Penna., Sept., 1883), 104-107. 

Astronomical Notes, Student, IV (Philadelphia, 1883-4), 35, 69, 163, 191, 223, 254. 

Right Methods of Teaching Science, by " Wallace," Student, IV (Philadelphia, 2 mo., 
1884), 183-184. 

Student of the Future, Student, IV (Philadelphia, 6 mo.-7 mo., 1884), 300-306, 342-346. 

The Weather as an Object Lesson, Student, V (Philadelphia, 12 mo., 1884), 9i-93- 

Some New Researches among the Meteors, The American, IX (Philadelphia, Feb. 28, 
1885), 325-326. 

Sirius, The American, IX (Philadelphia, Apr. 25, 1885), 456-457. 

Observatory Work, The American, XI (Philadelphia, Dec. 26, 1885), 151-152. 

Early Life of Great Men, Student, VI (Philadelphia, 2 mo., 1886), 132-134- 

Notes on the Heavens, Student, VI (Philadelphia, 4 mo., 1886), 215-217. 

Astronomical Notes, reprinted from Philadelphia Public Ledger, in Student, VI (Phila- 
delphia, 7 mo., 1886), 314. 

The Good Time and its Ascertainment, Popular Sci. Mo., XXIX (New York, Aug., 
1886), 519-523- 

Review of Agnes M. Clarke's " History of Astronomy," The American, XIII (Phila- 
delphia, Oct. 30, 1886), 25. 

Easy Instruction in Astronomy, 5«u(fen*, VII (Philadelphia, 10 mo., 1886 to 6 mo., 1887), 
19-21, 40-41, 72-73, 101-102, 164-165, 207-208, 263. 

Astronomical Notes, reprinted from Philadelphia Public Ledger in Student, VII 
(Philadelphia, s mo., 1887), 247-248. 

Inaugural Address, Haverford College, May 19, 1887, pp. 13-28, in " Inauguration of 
President Isaac Sharpless," 28 pp., 8vo (Philadelphia, 1887)- 

What Constitutes a Friends' School, Student, VII (Philadelphia, 12 mo., 1887), 70-74- 

Baccalaureate Address to Graduating Class, Haverford College, June 26, 1888. Printed 
by the Class; reprinted in Student, VIII (Philadelphia, 8 mo., 1888), 330-337- 

On " Examination and Education," Nineteenth Century, Amer. Supp. (March, 1889), 
9-11. 

Report on Haverford College, Student, X (Philadelphia, 11 mo., 1889), 57-58- 

The Spirit of Early Quakerism, 1 mo. 16th, 1890. One of four lectures delivered at 
Twelfth Street Meeting House, Philadelphia, on " The Distinguishing Views 
of Friends." Printed, Philadelphia, 1890. 

A Venerable School, The Royal High School of Edinburgh, Philadelphia paper, August 
26, 1890. 

Athletics, Student, X (Philadelphia, 10 mo., 1890), 195-197. 

Educational Reformers, Student, XI (Haverford, Penna., 12 mo., 1890), 79-81. 
English and American Education, address before the Friends' " Circle " of Croydon, 
England, December, 1890; reprinted Friends' Quarterly Examiner, XCVIII 
(London, 4 mo., 1891), 195-208. 
English Schools and their Lessons for Haverford, Friends' Review, XLIV (Philadel- 
phia, 2 mo. 12, 19, 26, 1891), 451-2, 468, 487. 
Address at Stockwell Training College, London, Student, XI (Haverford, Penna., 3 

mo.. 1891), 192-195- 
English Schools, ib., 197-202. 



ISAAC SHARPLESS. 97 

How to Conduct a Class Exercise at College, Student, XII (Haverford, Penna., 3 mo., 

1892), 184-186. 
The Student, historical note on, in the last issue of this periodical. Student, XII 

(Haverford, Penna., midsummer, 1892), 328-330. 
Relation of the State to Education in England and America, Annals Amer. Acad, of 

Polit. and Soc. Set., Ill (Philadelphia, May, 1893), 669-690. 
Can we Develop some Friendly Authors? The Westonian, I (Westtown, Penna., i mo., 

1895). 415- 
President's Address to the Westtown Alumni, IVestontan, II (Westtown, Penna., 6 mo., 

1896), 97-101. 
Something about Teachers, ib. (12 mo., 1896), 161-162. 

Estimate of Samuel Alsop, IVestonian, III (Westtown, Penna., 2 mo., 1897), 28-29. 
Corresjiondence between an Alumnus and the President of Haverford College concern- 
ing certain speeches at a recent Alumni Dinner, 1899. 
Response as President, pp. 7-8, and President's Address, " The Public Life of College 

Men," pp. 90-113, Proceedings, 13th An. Conv. Assoc. Colleges and Prep. 

Schools, Middle States and Md., at Trenton, N. J., Dec. 1-2, 1899 (Albany, 

N. Y., 1900). 
Causes of Pennsylvania's Ills, by A Pennsylvania Quaker, Atlantic Monthly, Boston, 

Mass., Vol. 89, 124-129, Jan. i : 1902. 
Introduction, pp. S-io, and address, Conditions of the Yearly Meeting in 1904, pp. 113- 

141, in Centennial Celebration Friends' Meeting House, Fourth and Arch Streets, 

Philadelphia, 1804-IQ04, 6 mo. 4, 1904 (Philadelphia). 
Review of A. C. Buell's William Penn, Amer. Hist. Rev., IX (Lancaster, Penna., July, 

1904), 813-815. 
What Pennsylvanians should go to College, Pennsylvania School Journal, LIII (Lan- 
caster, Penna., Dec, 1904), 233-243. 
A Peace Controversy of Colonial Times, Westonian, XI (Westtown, Penna., i mo., 

1905), 3-7. 
The Redemption of Philadelphia, American Friend, Vol. XII, 12 mo. 21, 1905, 848- 

885. 
A Word to the Undergraduates of Haverford (Pamphlet), 1905- 

Presbyterian and Quaker in Colonial Pennsylvania, address, Presb. Hist. Soc, Phila- 
delphia, Jan. 8, 1906, Journal of the Presb. Hist. Soc, III (Philadelphia, March, 

1906), 201-215. 
Political and Religious Conditions of the Province of Pennsylvania Two Hundred 

Years Ago, address at Banquet Presb. Social Union, Philadelphia, April 23, 1906, 

Journal of Presb. Hist. Soc, III (Philadelphia, June, 1906), 262-277. 
Introduction to A Letter of William Penn (1701). Journal Friends' Hist. Soc, III 

(London, July, 1906), 93. 
Introductory, pp. 1-2, and Notes, pp. 35-37, Bull. Friends' Hist. Soc, I (Philadelphia, 

1906). 
Address at the Twenty-Second Annual Festival of the New England Society of Penn- 

sylvania, December nth, 1906 (Philadelphia, 1906), 56-61. 
Address at the Banquet of the Pennsylvania Scotch-Irish Society, Philadelphia, Feb. 

28th, 1907. Rei)ort, Philadelphia, 1897, pp. 38-44- 
A Penn.sylvania Episode (The " Paxton Boys"), Bull. Friends' Hist. Soc. Vol. I 

(Philadelphia, Feb., 1907), 70-74- 
A Pennsylvania Quaker Boy, Atlantic Monthly, Vol. C (Boston, Mass., October, 1907), 

536-541- 
War and Education, Friends' Fellowship Papers, Vol. II, London (6 mo., 1908), 

67-76- 
Social, Political and Religious Conditions in William Penn's Province in the Early 

Period, The American Friend. XV, 666-669. 681-683, 1908. 
The Quaker Boy at School, The Independent. LX\' (New York, Sept. 3, 1908), 543-546. 



98 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Society of Friends, in New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, IV 

(New York, Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1909), 393-396. 
Religious Education of Boys and Young Men, address. Friends' General Conference, 

Ocean Grove, N. J., 7 mo. 30, 1910, Friends' Intelligencer Supplement (Phila- 
delphia, 1910), 23-27. 
Temptations of a College President, Educational Review, XL (New York, September, 

1910). [Anon.] 
Note of Advice to Philadelphia Friends, by Dr. John Fothergill and David Barclay, 

Bull. Friends' Hist. Soc, III (Philadelphia, 2 mo., 19 10), 104. 
Strength and Weakness of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, IVestonian XIX (Westtown, 

Penna., 3 mo., 1913). 141-157; reprinted Amer. Friend, N. S., I (1913), 326, 

340, 359- 

Letters from Abroad to the Philadelphia Public Ledger: 

Militancy a Dead Issue in Britain July 10, 1913. 

Able Debates in Parliament July 15, 1913. 

Siberia Aug. 8, 1913. 

Japan's View of California Law S'ept. 4, 19 13. 

Christianity's Power in Japan Sept. 18, 1913. 

How to Bring Prosperity, Present Day Papers, I (Haverford, Penna., Jan., 1914), 

13-18. 
The Japanese Question, Present Day Payers, I (Haverford, Penna., April, 1914), 109- 

112. 
David Lloyd, Bull. Friends' Hist. Soc, Vol. V (Philadelphia, 11 mo., 1913, 5 mo., 

1914), 36-47, 74-87. (Abridged. Published in full in " Political Leaders of 

Provincial Pennsylvania.") 
Quaker Ideals of Education, address at Sesquicentennial of Brown University, 1764- 

1914, Providence, R. I., Oct. 12, 1914; Journal of Education. LXXX (Boston, 

Mass., Nov. 12, 1914), 4S4; Brown Univ. Report, Boston, Mass., pp. 83-100, 

1915; Friend, Vol. 88 (Philadelphia, i mo. 7, 1915), 328. 
Training of Christian Workers, American Friend, N. S., Vol. II, p. 312. 
A Proposed Friends' Boarding School of Colonial Days, Friend, Vol. 88 (Philadelphia, 

4 mo. 8, 1915). 485- 
College Discipline, American Friend, N. S., Vol. II, pp. 517, 518, 1914. 
Military Training in Schools and Colleges, address at the Twenty-ninth An. Conv. 

Assoc. Colleges and Prep. Schools Middle States and Md., at Philadelphia, Nov. 

26, 1915, Proceedings (1916), 10-18; reprinted Amer. Friend, N. S., IV, 1916, 

pp. 228-231, Friend, Vol. 89 (Philadelphia, 4 mo. 13, 1916), 495-498; reprinted 

by Peace Association of Friends, Philadelphia, 9 pp., 8vo. 
Friends and the Morality of War, Friend, Vol. 89 (Philadelphia, 8 mo. 26, 1915), 98- 

100. (Read at the Winona Lake Friends' Conference, 7 mo., 1915.) 
The Friends, in New International Encyclopedia, IX (New York, Dodd, Mead & Co., 

1915), 285-288. (Article by Allen C. Thomas in ed. 1903, revised and enlarged.) 
Address, Commencement Day, Germantown Academy, June 8, 1915. 
Colonial Friends and Public Life, American Friend, N. S., Vol. II, pp. 248-250, 1915. 
Perils to Wealth and Brains, American Friend; reprinted Friend, Vol. 89 (Philadel- 
phia, 9 mo. 23, 1915), 147. 
Why we should not increase our Armaments, Present Day Papers (Haverford, Penna., 

Jan., 1915), 18-20; reprinted The Friend, Vol. 88 (Philadelphia, i mo. 28, 1915), 

362-363; American Friend, Vol. Ill, p. 87, 1916. 
Present S'tate of the Temperance Movement, Present Day Papers, II (Haverford, 

Penna., May, 1915), 195-298; reprinted The Friend, Vol. 88 (Philadelphia, s mo. 

13. 1915). 547- 



ISAAC SHARPLESS. 99 

Comments on A Military History, by J. W. Fortescue, Journal Friends' Hist. Soc, XII 
London, 1915), 65-66; reprinted American Friend, The Friend, Vol. 90 (Phila- 
delphia, II mo. 9, 1916), 233. 

Friends in Public Life, Presidential Address, Friends' Hist. S'oc. of England, Journal 
Friends' Hist. Soc, XIII (London, 1916), 99-114; reprinted The Friend, Vol. 
90 (Philadelphia, i mo. 12, 19, 26, 1916), 182-183, 194-193, 206-208; pamphlet, 
Headley Bros., London, 1916. 

Past and Present, address. Centennial of Birmingham Meeting, Westonian, XXII 
(Westtown, Penna., 2 mo., 1916), 46-62. 

I. The Christianburg School, Friend, Vol. 89 (Philadelphia, 3 mo. 2, 19 16), 427-428. 

II. The Christiansburg Institute, Friend, Vol. 89 (Philadelphia, 3 mo. 9, 1916), 436. 
Peace Organizations, Friend, Vol. 89 (Philadelphia, 3 mo. 16, 1916), 446. 
Educational Statistics concerning Friends' Colleges, American Friend, Vol. 4, pp. 833- 

838, 1916. 

Friends' Methods of reaching conclusions in meeting, Friend, Vol. 90 (Philadelphia, 
4 mo. 12, 1917), 495- 

Four Decades of Education, Friend, Vol. 91 (Philadelphia, 9 mo. 27, 1917), 158-159. 

Friends and War, American Friend, N. S., Vol. V, 145-149, 1917. 

Review of John William Graham's William Penn, Friend, Vol. 91 (Philadelphia, 7 mo. 
19, 1917), 26-27. 

Report of Isaac Sharpless, President of Haverford College, made to the Instruction 
Committee of Westtown Boarding School, respecting an inspection of the work- 
ing of the School. (Between 1891 and 1894.) 

John Kinsey, Bull. Friends' Hist, Soc, Philadelphia, Vol. VIII (Philadelphia, 11 mo., 
1917, 5 mo., 1918), 2-10, 46-53- 

Review of H. M. Lippincott's " Early Philadelphia," Amer. Hist. Rev., XXIII (Lan- 
caster, Penna., Jan., 1918), 416-417. 

Review of J. F. Faris's " Old Roads out of Philadelphia," ib., 434-440. 

Historic F.-iends and War, Friend, Vol. gi (Philadelphia, 5 mo. 23, 1918), 639. 

Education (editorial). Friend, Vol. 92 (Philadelphia, 9 mo. 26, 19 18), 157. 

General Condition of the Reconstruction Unit in France, Friend, \o\. 92 (Philadelphia, 
10 mo. 10, 1918), 188. 

James Logan and Thomas Story, American Friend, Vol. XV, pp. 777-778, 12 mo. 3, 
1918. 

William Penn, address, Bicententary of Death of William Penn, at Friends' Meeting 
House, Fourth and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, 11 mo. 8, 1918, 14 pp., 8vo, 
Philadelphia, 1918; Friend, Vol. 92 (Philadelphia, 11 mo. 28, 12 mo. 5, 19:8), 
267, 277. 

What can the Colleges do to encourage more thorough work in fundamental subjects 
in the Schools? Assoc, of Colleges and Preparatory Schools in Middle States 
and Maryland. 

Military Training in Schools and Colleges, address before Ardmore Main Line Forum, 

2 mo. 19, 1919, pamphlet. 

Religious Significance of Reconstruction (editorial). Friend, Vol. 92 (Philadelphia, 

3 mo. 6, 1919), 449; reprinted in American Friend, N. S., \'ol. 7, p. 199. 1918. 
Does Quakerism imply Mediocrity? (editorial). Friend, \'ol. 92 (Philadelphia, 5 mo. 

29, 1919), 601. 
Friends and War Problems, Friend. Vol. 93 (Philadelphia. 7 mo. 10, 1910), 14-16. 
Conscription in America (from the American Friends' Service Committee), Friend, 

Vol. 93 (Philadelphia, 10 mo. 30, 1919). 205. 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



JOURNAL OF PETER ANDREWS (i 707-1 750). 

In reply to the query in the Bulletin for 5th month, 1919 
(p. 42), which I have only just seen, I am not quite sure whether 
this refers to an American Journal or otherwise. It may how- 
ever be of interest to readers to speak of a MS. copy of Peter 
Andrews's English Journal (1755-6), in my possession. It is 
contained in one of two folio volumes in the neat and excellent 
caligraphy of John Perry, a Quaker minister of Ipswich, who 
died in 1824, aged 70. Pie was brother to Daniel Perry of Wood- 
bridge, my wife's great-grandfather, which accounts for our pos- 
session of these two interesting volumes, almost wholly consisting 
of copies of Quaker journals, biographies, letters and miscellane- 
ous pieces. The folio containing the Journal of Peter Andrews 
consists of 2y2 pages bound in parchment, the latter portion of 
this volume from page 249 being in the hand of John Perry, 
Junior, whose valuable Diary I also possess. There is no date to 
indicate when this MS. was compiled, but it is much later than the 
other, the index of which is dated 1778. The Journal is con- 
tinued with the supplement on pp. i to 28 both inclusive, and is 
headed, A Brief Journal of the Travels and Labours in the Gos- 
pel, of Peter Andrews, tvhilst in England, Written by Himself. 
He commences: "In the Year 1775, being ye 4th Month 27th I 
set out from Home, staid at Philadelphia til ye first Day of ye 
5th Month, then travel'd to Chester, and went on board the Ship 
Lydia, Peter Reeve, Captain ; sail'd that night to Newcastle, then 
came to Anchor, after that came on ye Wide ocean," etc. There 
follows an interesting account of this voyage, meetings on board, 
etc. He landed eventually 2-vi-i755 on the Isle of Wight, then 
to Portsmouth by water, and on 4-vi month, by post, chaise to 
London, where he met " my Ancient & well Esteemed Friend 
Samuel Hopwood," etc. He lodged at Daniel and Mary Weston's 
when in London, the latter a Friend he had known in America 
and highly valued. 

The Journal proceeds to recount his various travels throughout 
the country and is particularly interesting as containing such a 



JOURNAL OF PETER ANDREWS. loi 

larg-e number of names of persons and places. He firstly visited 
London meetings, then proceeds to York and Yorkshire, and the 
following is the order in which he visited the meetings of Friends, 
etc., which is a remarkably extensive list, considering the short 
time allotted him. After Yorkshire he proceeded to the shires, 
etc., of Lincoln, Durham, York (again), Derby, York, Lincoln, 
Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, London, Essex (again), 
where he heard of the death of his dear daughter Temperance, 
aged nineteen ; and mentions his wife and son Benajah. Then to 
Herts, Bedford, Bucks, Oxford, Gloucester, Oxford and Glouces- 
ter again, Bristol City, to Somerset, Wilts, Oxford, Middlesex, 
London, Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk; and the Journal ends at Ed- 
mundsbury (Bury St. Edmunds), Norfolk, 25-vi-i756. "Here 
our Friend left off his narrative, says the writer of the supple- 
mentary account of his last days, which is interesting. He was 
taken ill and stayed for a short time at Woodbridge, Suffolk, and 
in spite of failing powers proceeded to his Friend John Oxley's 
at Norwich, where he died i3-vii-i756, and was buried in 
Friends' Burial Ground there i8-vii month, where was a very 
large gathering of Friends and others at his burial." " Few 
Friends (says the supplement) who have travelled in this nation 
have been more approved or had more general service in so short 
a space of time." Peter Andrews upon his deathbed referred to 
his wife and children, so that he evidently had more than the two 
named previously. 

Since writing the above, I have come across an interesting 
allusion to Peter Andrews in the valuable diary kept at Jordans, 
Bucks, by Rebekah Butterfield, in the i8th century, the original 
of which is at Devonshire House Reference Library. After 15- 
iv-1756, Peter was in counties Bedford, Hertford and Bucking- 
ham, had, as his Journal relates, "an Even^ Meet^ at Chesham, 
then travel'd to Wickham, [High Wycombe], here I had a Large 
Meet^' in ye Even^ w'*' I hope was not disgraceful, [i.e., did not 
discredit truth], Lodg'' at Jo" Worsters, then pass'd on to Jordans, 
where I had a Large Comfortable Aleet*-' ; then travel'd forward." 
etc. 



102 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

The Butterfield diary written at Stone Dean, Jordans, says 
under date " ist day, 4th mo. 25th. William Pits, [of South- 
wark], & Peter Andrews was at Jor: Meett: Peter came from 
Wickham on 7th d[ay] Joseph Stevens Junier Came w*^ him; he 
Lives at West Jersey In America & a friend from London w^"" 
him; Lodged & entertain'd at A[braham] b[utterfield]s [R. B's 
husband], & Prince [Butterfield, their son] went w^*' them after 
Meet: to Maiddenhead." 

The London Friend who accompanied Peter to Jordans was 
perhaps " one James Healy from Wapping, an Inocent Young 
Man " previously named in the Journal as bearing him company 
on his travels. 

I may perhaps be allowed to add that the Perry manuscript 
also contains the Journal of Susannah Morris, of Richland, town- 
ship of Bucks, Pennsylvania, upon her second visit to Great 
Britain, etc., in 1744, then in her sixty-third year, with a preface 
by John Griffith, dated 1771, who first remembered her when he 
was a youth of fourteen as belonging to the same meeting, that 
of Abington, ten miles from Philadelphia. He speaks also of her 
third visit to Great Britain, and of her earlier one in 1731. 

After the Journal is a long vmdated letter from Susannah Mor- 
ris to her husband and children when she was in England. There 
is also an account dated 1775 by her niece Deborah Morris of 
her last illness ; in all some 26 pp. folio closely written. We also 
find from the Butterfield Diary that Susannah Morris was at 
Jordans Meeting in 1729, 1745 and 1752J and Sarah Morris of 
America, in 1773, and there are many other references to visits 
to Jordans Meeting by American Friends. These include the 
following names, viz., Elizabeth Ashbridge (1754), of Pennsyl- 
vania; Thomas Carrington (1778); Thomas Chalkley (1735); 
John Churchman (1750) ; Phoebe Dodge, of Long Island (1753) ; 
Elizabeth Drinker (1794) ; Samuel and Ann Galloway, of Mary- 
land (1719); John Griffith, of Pennsylvania (1749, 1752, 1757, 
1762, 1769); Jane Hoskins, of Pennsylvania (1750); Elizabeth 
Hudson, of Philadelphia (1750); William Hunt (1771); Ann 
Jessup (1785) ; Arthur (or Arster) Jones, of Pennsylvania (1732, 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 103 

1738); Rebecca Jones (1788); Ebenezer Large, of West New 
Jersey, Burlington (1746) ; William Matthews (or Matthies) 
(1785) ; Elizabeth Morgan, of Philadelphia (1745) ; Ann Moore, 
of Baltimore (1761) ; John Pemberton, of Philadelphia (1750) ; 
Edward Penington, of Pennsylvania (1749) ; Mary Pennel, of 
New Concord, Chester County, Pennsylvania (1732) ; Samuel 
Smith (1791) ; Daniel Stanton, of Philadelphia (1750) ; Thomas 
Thornborough (1771) ; William Tomlinson (1785) ; Robert Val- 
entine (1784); Sarah Worall, of Chester County, Middletown, 
Pennsylvania (1754); and Joseph White "of ye falls" Bucks 
County, Pennsylvania. 

Joseph Joshua Green. 
GoDWYN Lodge, 
Clive Vale, 

Hastings, England, 5 ii 1920. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MOR- 
RIS OF BURLINGTON, NEW JERSEY. Ill, 
CONCLUSION. 

Jan. 12. We are told to-day of the robbery of one of the 
commissaries; the sum lost is said to be i 10,000. I have not 
heard who is suspected of committed the robbery. The Earl of 
B — n,^^ who quitted his habitation on the firsit alarm of the Hes- 
sians coming in, is returned with his family. We have some 
hopes that our refugee will be presented with a pair of lawn 
sleeves, when dignities become cheap, and suppose he will then 
think himself too big to creep into his old auger-hole:^" but I 
shaill remind him of the place, if I live to see him created first 
B — p of B — n [Bishop of Burlington]. 

Jan. 13. Several of the torics, who went out of town while 
the gondolas were here, are returned, on hearing there has been 
a general jail-delivery at Philadelphia. One man, who thought 

35 " Earl of Burlington " ironical. Dr. Jonathan Odell. 

36 See ante, p. 12, note. 



104 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

himself immovable, has been compelled to swear or sign allegi- 
ance to the States. 

Jan. 14. The lie of the day runs thus ; that the New England- 
men have taken Long Island, are in possession of King's Bridge, 
that Hen. Lee is retaken by his own men, the regulars in a des- 
perate condition intrenching at Brunswick, and quite hopeless of 
gaining any advantage over the Americans in this campaign. A 
letter from my amiable friend, E. C.,^^ informs me her husband's 
battalion was in the front of the battle at , and behaved re- 
markably well ; they took 200 prisoners, and left 80 on the field ; 
he acknowledges the preserving hand of Providence in bringing 
him safe through such a scene of blood, &c. I hear Gen. Howe 
sent a request to Washington, desiring three days cessation of 
arms, to take care of the wounded, and bury the dead, which was 
refused; what a woful tendency war has to harden the human 
heart against the tender feelings of humanity! Well it may be 
called a horrid art, thus to change the nature of man. I thought 
that even barbarous nations had a sort of religious regard for 
their dead. A friend from Trenton tells me poor A. [Anthony] 
Morris died in three hours after he was wounded and was buried 
in Friends' burying-ground, at Stony Brook. Also Capt. [Wil- 
liam] Shippen was buried by him. The same friend told us that 
a man was killed in his bed at the house of Stacey Potts, at Tren- 
ton, in the time of the engagement there, and that Potts's daugh- 
ter, about the age of nine, went from home to lodge, the night 
preceding the battle, and returning in the morning, just as she 
stepped into her father's door, a ball met her (being directed by 
the unerring hand of Providence), took the comb out of her hair, 
and gently grazed the skin of her head without doing her any 
farther injury: who shall dare to say they are shot at random? 

Jan. 15. I was a good deal affected this evening, at seeing 
the hearse in which Gen. Mercer's body was conveyed over the 
river on the ice, to be buried in Philadelphia ; poor Capt. Ship- 
pen's body was also taken over at the same time, to be reburied 
at Philadelphia. P. Reed gave us the following account of a re- 
port they heard from a man, whom her sister sent to Burlington 

3" Esther (or Hetty) Cox. 



"^4 . 



' \ 



^•f 



^?1 



.^\ 



y -^ 




' i. 




REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 105 

to bring some things they were in want of (the night the last 
soldiers came into town). Reed's wife hired a wagon to come 
here, and got one of her neighbors to come and fetch some of her 
goods. Just as the man began to lead the wagon, the soldiers 
came running into town, and the man whipped up his horses and 
drove away his goods. When he got to Reed's house in the 
country, he told them there was 10,000 wagons in Burlington, 
that Gen. Washington, Lee, Howe, and all the Americans were 
engaged in battle, in Burlington, that Washington was mortally 
wounded, and the streets were full of dead bodies, and that the 
groans of the dying were still in his ears. They opened their 
letters in fearful haste, and found nothing relative to what the 
man told them, nor could they convince him that his fright had 
magnified the matter, till they sent a person up here to inquire. 

^^ part were permitted to come back for a 

change of linen, but obliged to return to Bordentown again in 
order to be taken before Gen. Putnam to have a hearing, etc. 

Jan. 31, 1777. The scruples of my own mind being satisfied 
in keeping my son here till the search was over, I felt peace in 
the prospect of sending him to my dear brother, C. M.,^^ and now 
that he is gone from me, I feel hke a merchant who has ventured 
half his fortune out to sea, anxious for the success of the voyage ; 
oh that it may be a prosperous one to my dear boy ; then shall I 
be happy. 

Feb. 3. To-day appeared in print a proclamation of Gen. 
Washington's, ordering all persons who had taken protection of 
the king's commissioners, to come in thirty days, and swear allegi- 
ance to the United States of America, or else repair with their 
families to the lines of the British troops. What will become of 
our refugee now? 

Feb. 4. To-day eight boats full of soldiers sailed up the river 
to join the continental forces; they appeared to be very merry 
with their drums beating and their colors flying; this is said to 

^'^ One sheet (two pages) of the manuscript is unfortunately missing 
here. 

39 Dr. Charles Moore living at Montgomery Square, Pennsylvania. 



io6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

be the day appointed for our friends, who are prisoners to have 
a hearing before Putnam ; a man. who is not a lover of peace, told 
us it was expected there would be bloody work on the occasion. 

Feb. 6. Several hundred soldiers, who were returning from 
the camp, were quartered on the inhabitants, and in general, I 
hear behaved well. 

Feb. 7. All the soldiers quartered on the town last night, 
went away to-day. The prisoners taken from our town and 
Mount Holly, discharged and returned home; several of them 
much fatigued, and some sick. 

Feb. II. This evening two doctors were brought into town, 
and put into prison, for inoculating in their families, contrary to 
the orders of Gen. Putnam, who had prohibited them from inocu- 
lating. They were discharged in a few days. 

April 10.*** John Lawrence, Thomas Watson, and several 
other persons obnoxious to the State, were imprisoned here, and 
divers others bound over to their good behavior, and to appear 
at the next court, to be held, — none knoivs where. 

April 17. A number of flat-bottomed boats went up the river 
and landed troops at Bristol. It is said 1500 men are billeted on 
the inhabitants there. 

April 19. A report that there has been an engagement between 
the British troops and Americans ; the latter victorious. B. Helm 
summoned before the governor, and bound to answer at the next 
court for preferring silver dollars to paper. The English said 
to be in motion, and that the fleet is in the river. 

May 7. Captain Webb and his family came here in order to 
set ofT the next day for New York, having received orders from 
the governor to depart the State. Just as they were retiring to 
bed, a captain of the light-horse arrived with a party of soldiers, 
and demanded the keys of his trunks, some of which they opened, 
and searched for letters, and took all they could find, and guarded 
him to his lodging, at R. Smith's, and were all night in his room. 
They set a guard over his goods, and in the morning returned and 

*^ No reason is given in the Journal for this long intermission of entries. 
The one or two letters of the period which are given in the " Letters of 
the Hill Family " are also silent. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 107 

examined all his trunks, and then waited on him to Philadelphia, 
where he was to wait on the general, and answer to sundry 
charges, one of which was, that he was suspected of being a spy ; 
this he boldly cleared himself of. Another was that he had, in a 
sermon he preached about two years ago, told the people that 
if they took up arms against the king, they would be d — d; he 
likewise pleaded innocent to this, and finding that they could not 
prove it on him, they referred him to the governor, who reproved 
him for not taking advantage of a pass he had granted him, two 
or three weeks ago, and absolutely prohibited him from prose- 
cuting his journey to [New] York, and ordered him to repair 
with his family to Bethlehem, there to remain during their 
pleasure, and confined him to a magic circle of six miles. 

May 13. The court met here, when several persons confined 
in our jail — (some tories) — were examined. John Lawrence re- 
leased ; Dan'l Ellis imprisoned, and J. Carty fined sirpencc for 
contempt of court ; several ordered back to prison ; and R. 
Smith,*^ B. Helm, T. Hulings, and CoHn Campbell examined ; R, 
Smith ordered to pay £100 or be confined in prison; he chose the 
latter, and accordingly took possession of the room J. L. had 
quitted ; the oaths offered to the three others, which they refusing 
were fined. 

May 26. This day Captain Webb and his family left us to go 
to Bethlehem. W. D." who some days since received a passport 
from General Washington, set out for New York the widow 
Allen accompanying him. 

June 7. The reports often coming by expresses, give us rea- 
son to believe the English army are in motion, and it is generally 
supposed they intend to bend their course to Philadelphia. 

June 10. A person from the camp came to town to engage 
a number of guides (to go back with him) who were well ac- 
quainted with the different roads to Philadelphia, that in case our 
people should be obliged to retreat they may not be at a loss. 

June II. Certain intelligence arrived, per express, that the 
English are at Bound Brook, the Americans at Morristown. 

*i This was Richard Smith. 

42 William Dillwyn, brother of George Dillwyn. 



io8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

June 13. Early this morning the soldiers beat to march from 
Bristol, and in the course of the day several boats full of soldiers, 
with the Pennsylvania militia, sailed up the river. 

June 14. Before daylight this morning, the alarm guns at 
Princeton, Trenton, Bordentown, and Bristol were fired, and an- 
swered by those below. About 9 o'clock, the gondolas and barges 
again began to appear in sight, and from that time till 9 at night, 
there have gone up the river five or six gondolas. Several flat- 
bottomed boats are also gone to Bristol. There is a report of a 
battle to-day, which seems probable, as we have heard much firing 
above. 

We were told by a woman who lodged in the same room where 
Gen. Read [Reed] & Col. Cox took shelter when the battle of 
Trenton dispersed the Americans that they, Read & Cox — had 
laid awake all night consulting together about the best means of 
securing themselves & that they came to the determination of 
setting out next day as soon as it was light, to the British Camp, 
and joining them with all the men under their command — but 
when morning came, an express arrived with an account that the 
Americans had gained a great victory — the English made to flee 
before the ragged regiments of the Americans — this report put 
the rebel General & Colonel into high spirits & they concluded to 
remain firm to the cause of America. They paid me a visit, & 
the in my heart I despised them, treated them civilly, & was on 
the point of telling them their conversation the preceding night 
had been conveyed to me, as on the wings of the wind, but on 
second thoughts gave it up, tho perhaps the time may come when 
they will hear more about it.*^ 

*3 This whole paragraph is omitted in John Jay Smith's reprint in " Let- 
ters of the Hill Family," without indication or remark. It is possible that 
it was not given in his copy, but it is more likely that the omission was 
designedly made. In 1837 and in 1854 it was still too near the time to 
publish such a story without occasioning unpleasant discussion. At this 
time, however, there seems no reason for withholding it. Whether the 
story is true, or not, is impossible to decide now. When the character of 
the age, and the actual conditions — military and political — are rightly 
judged, there is much, at least, to palliate, if not to excuse. The American 
cause was almost desperate, and had not Washington succeeded at Prince- 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET AIORRIS. 109 

By a person from Bordentown, we hear twelve expresses came 
in there from camp. Some of the gondola men and their wives 
being sick, and no doctor in town to apply to, they were told that 
Mrs. M. was a skilful woman, and kept medicines to give to the 
poor ; and notwithstanding their late attempts to shoot my poor 
boy, they ventured to come to me, and, in a very humble manner 
begged me to come and do something for them. At first I 
thought they might have a design to put a trick on me, and get 
me aboard of their gondola, and then pillage my house, as they 
had done to some others ; but on asking where the sick folks were, 
was told they were lodged in the governor's house. So I went 
to see them. There was several both men and women, very ill 
with a fever — some said the camp, or putrid fever ; they were 
broke out in blotches, and, on close examination, it appeared to 
be the itch fever. I treated them according to art, and they all 
got well. I thought I had received all my pay, when they thank- 
fully acknowledged my kindness, but lo! in a short time after- 
wards, a very rough, ill-looking man came to the door and asked 
for me. When I went to him, he drew me aside and asked if T 
had any friends in Philadelphia. The question alarmed me, sup- 
posing there was some mischief meditated against that poor city ; 
however, I calmly said : " I have an ancient father-in-law, some 
sisters, and other near friends there." " Well," said the marr^ 
" do you wish to hear from them, or send anything by way of re- 
freshment to them ? If you do, I will take charge of it, and bring- 
you back anything you may send for." I was very much sur- 
prised, and thought, to be sure, he only wanted to get provisions 
to take to the gondolas, when he told me his wife was one of those 
I had given medicine to, and this was the only thing he could do 

ton, the result, without doubt, would have been almost fatal for the 
Americans. Knowing this, the reported decision of the two officers was 
not unnatural. Those who are familiar with the inner history of those 
days are aware that the character of General Joseph Reed as a politician 
and as a patriot has been the subject of bitter controversy almost to our 
own day. There seems little doubt that Margaret Morris herself put full 
credence in the story as told to her. The paragraph, as here printed, 
appears in " Nuts for Future Historians to Crack," by Horace W. Smith, 
Philadelphia, 1856, page 10. 



no BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

to pay me for my kindness. My heart leaped with joy, and I set 
about preparing something for my dear absent friends. A quar- 
ter of beef, some veal, fowls, and flour were soon put up, and 
about midnight the man called and took them aboard his boat. 
He left them at Robert Hopkins's at the Point, from whence my 
beloved friends took them to town ; and, two nights after, a loud 
knocking at our front door greatly alarmed us. Opening the 
chamber window, we heard a man's voice saying, " Come down 
softly and open the door but bring no light." There was some- 
thing mysterious in such a call, and we concluded to go down 
and set the candle in the kitchen. When we got to the front 
door, we asked, "Who are you?" The man replied, "A friend, 
open quickly ;" so the door was opened, and who should it be but 
our honest gondola man, with a letter, a bushel of salt, a jug of 
molasses, a bag of rice, some tea, coffee, and sugar, and some 
cloth for my poor boys — all sent by my kind sisters. How did 
bur hearts and eyes overflow with love to them, and thanks to our 
Heavenly Father, for such seasonable supplies. May we never 
forget it. Being now so rich, we thought it our duty to hand out 
a little to the poor around us who were mourning for want of 
salt ; so we divided the bushel, and gave a pint to every poor per- 
son that came for it, and had a great plenty for our own use. 
Indeed, it seemed as if our little store increased by distributing 
it, like the bread broken by our Saviour to the multitude, which, 
when he had blessed it, was so marvellously multiplied. 

One morning, having left my chamber at an earlier hour than 
usual, and casting my eyes towards the river, was surprised to see 
some hundreds of boats all filled with British soldiers I ran to 
my dear G. D.'s** room, and begged him to get up and see the 
sight. He went to the window, and I waited to hear what he 
would say ; but as he said nothing, I called out to him " Brother, 
what shall we do now ? " He opened his door, and sweetly and 
calmly said, " Let us, my sister, keep still and quiet ; I believe no 
harm will happen to us ;" and indeed we were favored with re- 
markable stillness ; even the children seemed to partake of it. 
The boats were ordered up the river to Bordentown, to burn all 

4* George Dilwyn, her brother-in-law. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS, in 

the gondolas. Poor Rob't Sutton and his son passing my door, 
I stopped him, and asked where he was going; he said to join the 
soldiers to march to Bordentown, for the English were going to 
burn it, and on their return would do the same to Burlington. I 
begged him not to go, and said, perhaps he would be killed ; he 
said he would go for all that — next day we heard he was killed. 
The report was, that some of the militia had fired on the English 
boats as they were rowing up the river; the firing was returned, 
and poor Sutton was the first, if not the only one killed; the last 
boat we saw was a small one, with only three men and the rowers 
in it ; they were not soldiers : when the came opposite to tjie town 
wharf they stopped rowing and pulled off their hats and bowed 
to the people on the wharf. We heard afterwards it was our 
poor refugee, Dr. S. Burling, and J. Stansbury, who intended to 
have come on shore and paid us a visit, but so many people ap- 
pearing on the wharf & street, they thought it safest to take to 
their oarsi and follow the fleet. One large vessel, with cannon, 
was in the fleet, and when they returned, were ordered to fire if 
they saw soldiers on the wharf, or about the streets. It seems 
the soldiers had notice of the time when they were to return, 
and they placed themselves along the shore, quite down to the 
ferry ; it was First-day afternoon, and all the family but myself 
gone to meeting, and I was laying on the bed, and hearing a large 
gun, looked out of the window, and saw the large ship so close to 
our landing that I thought they were coming ashore ; when be- 
hold! they fired two or three of their great guns, which shook 
the house, and went through the walls of our next door neighbor, 
who was a captain the rebel army. I still kept at the window, 
unapprehensive of danger, and seeing a man on the deck talking, 
and pointing to my house, one of them said, " In that house lives 
a woman to whom I am indebted for my life; she sheltered me 
when I was driven from my own house." &c. This I was after- 
wards told by a person who heard it ; it is needless to add it was 
our poor refugee. I really think they have made an end of the 
gondolas for we see nothing like them. I hope never to see 
another. A rebel quarter-master, who had received some little 
civilities from my S. D. and myself, asked me one day if I did 



112 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

not wish to see my friends in Philadelphia ; I said it was the wish 
nearest my heart ; he said he would accompany me as far as 
Frankfort, if I would promise to take no kind of provision with 
me, and that he would meet me at the same place, and conduct 
me home again. Such an offer was not to be slighted. I went 
to my friend A. O.,'*^ and asked her if she would venture to bear 
me company. She joyfully agreed, and we borrowed a horse and 
chair, and early next morning set out. Our quarter-master being 
our guard, and good neighbor J[ames]. V[eree]. went with us to 
the ferry, to see us safe over. We got to A. James's place in the 
afternoon, and sent notice to our friends in town, and next morn- 
ing my father [-in-law], brothers Moore and Wells, and my two 
sisters, with Dr. O. met us at Kensington, for they dared not go 
farther, that being the British lines. I believe there never was 
a more heart-tendering meeting. I had not seen my father and 
sisters for many months, and the dangers we were surrounded 
with, and the probability of this being the last time we might 
meet on earth, together with the reports of the great scarcity of 
provisions in town, and a thousand other things, all contributed 
to make it an awfully affecting meeting. My sisters went to 
A. J.'s place and dined with me. A. O. stayed with her husband 
till evening, when my dear sisters left me and returned to town. 
The parting was almost too much for me. I thought we were 
taking a last farewell of each other, but part we must ; they went 
to town, and Nancy [A. O.] and myself retired soon to bed, ex- 
pecting our quarter-master to call on us by daylight, but no news 
did we hear of him ; but a heavy firing in the morning made us 
fearful we should not get safe home. About nine o'clock some 
stragglers stopped at our quarters, and said there had been a 
skirmish between the English and the Americans, and, more ter- 
rible still, that parties were ordered out to bring in all they should 
meet with ; this intelligence made us conclude to venture home- 
wards without our guide ; we got into our chair and whipped and 
cut our dull horse at a strange rate. Several parties passed and 
repassed, and questioned us about whence we came, and where we 



■*^ Mrs. Anne Odell, wife of Dr. Odell, " our refugee," who was in 

Philadelphia at this time. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF ALA.RGARET MORRIS. 113 

were going — they said if we were going to Burlington, we should 
be stopped at the ferry and taken to Washington's head-quarters, 
for there was a report that women had been into town and 
brought out goods. We kept our minds pretty calm, hoping that 
if we got safe to the ferry, as we were so well known, we should 
meet no more dangers, and we got along well till we got to the 
hill beyond the Red Lion, which being very bad, and we still 
pressing our poor horse to make more haste, he made one violent 
exertion to reach the top of the hill, when to our utter dismay the 
swingletree broke, and the chair began to roll down the hill. We 
both jumped out at the same instant; Nancy held the horse while 
I rolled a stone behind the wheel, and there we stood afraid to 
stir from the horse, and thinking we should be obliged to leave 
the chair and lead the horse home. At last we ventured to the 
door of a small house hard by ; a man came out and with the 
help of Nancy's ribbons and my garters fixed us off, and we 
once again mounted the chair, and walked the horse till we came 
near the Bristol road, where we heard the ferry was guarded, 
and none suffered to cross. However, we kept on, and at length 
reached the ferry, where, instead of armed men, we cou' \ hardly 
find one man to put us over. At last we got over, and now being 
on our own shore, we began like people just escaped from ship- 
wreck, to review the dangers past, and congratulate ourselves on 
our arrival in a safe port ; and I hope not without a sincere, 
though silent acknowledgment of the good hand that had vouch- 
safed to bring us so far on our way to our lonely habitations. 
When we arrived at my door, my beloved S. D. had the neigh- 
bors and children all sitting with her; her tender anxious mind 
filled with apprehensions for our safety. As we had stayed a 
day longer than we had intended, it was conjectured by our wise 
neighbor, J. V.,*^ that some terrible thing had happened ; nothing 
less than that the horse, which was his, had been seized, and we 
kept in Philadelphia. Rd. Smith, who lent the chair, was equally 
alarmed for the fate of his cariage ; and S. H.,*^ who loudly ex- 
claimed against the expedition, said we were certainly carried to 

*8 James Verree. 

*'' S. H. : possibly Sarah Helm. 



114 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

head-quarters ; and as Nancy's husband was in the British pay, 
it would go hard with her for his sake ; but, behold ; all their wise 
conjectures proved like the croaking of the raven, an ill-omened 
bird that brings good tidings to none, for in the midst of it all 
we appeared before them in our proper persons, before our ar- 
rival was announced. Some cried out, where's the horse ? where's 
the chair? where have you been? &c. We gayly told them all 
was safe, then sat down to a good dish of tea, and rehearsed all 
we had seen, heard, and suffered; when we were seriously ad- 
vised never to engage again in such a perilous undertaking ; and 
we as seriously assured them that if we did, we would look out 
for a stronger horse and chair, and be our own guide, for that 
our late expedition so far from being a discouragement, was like 
a whet to a hungry man, which gave him a better appetite for 
his dinner. 

[The manuscript ends here: whether there was any more is 
not known. — Editor.] 



PAPUNAHUNG, THE INDIAN CHIEF. 

There are certain characters among the Indians of the colonial 
period who are deserving of greater notice than they have yet 
received at the hands of the historian. Shikellamy and Teedyus- 
cung in Pennsylvania, and Philip and Massasoit in Rhode Island, 
with others in the south and west are more or less known, but 
there is one Indian especially associated with Philadelphia Quak- 
ers and with John Woolman, who deserves more attention than 
he has received in one or two very inadequate pamphlets. 

This Sachem is known as Papoonahal or Papunahung — the 
name has several curious variations. He was a native Delaware 
Indian of the Minsi tribe, born about 1705. Bishop de Schweinitz 
places him prominently among the savage preachers, somewhat 
like their " medicine men," who attempted to counteract the in- 
fluence of the two devoted Moravian missionaries, whose efforts 
in Pennsylvania were only second in point of time and heroism 
to those of the early Jesuit Fathers on the borders of Canada and 



PAPUNAHUNG. 115 

the Great Lakes. These savages defied all efforts to introduce 
civilized ways or ideas of peace. They wrought upon the fierce 
and warlike nature of the red man, and for a period of thirty 
years or more aided the official " medicine men " or conjurors to 
keep open the war-path. 

About the year 1745 David Zeisberger, a ^Moravian missionary, 
whose life has been admirably written by the late Bishop de 
Schweinitz, was sent by the Moravian church at Bethlehem — 
Count Zinzendorf's settlement, then but three years old — to the 
Village on the Susquehanna of which Papunahung was chief. 
This was IM'hwikilusing or Wyalusing, meaning " The Place of 
the Hoary Veteran." The name was a tribute to its age, since 
the colonial records state that it was even then a trading point, 
settled by the Indians before the memory of man. Its old name 
is still retained. The first white man to visit the spot was prob- 
ably Conrad Weiser, the famous Indian Conmiissioner of the 
tolony, who was there in 1737. He was followed in 1743 by our 
own John Bartram, who, with the Commissioner and Indian 
guides, accompanied the explorer, Lewis Evans, over the trail. 
They were said to be the first to make the journey on horseback. 
Two years later, David Zeisberger with Gottlieb (afterward 
■Bishop) Spangenberger, and Weiser and Indian guides, passed 
through Wyalusing on their way to the Genessee country, hoping 
to obtain from the Iroquois permission for their Indian converts 
to settle in the Wyoming region. Some of the Indian villages 
on this journey were partly Christianized by these devoted men, 
and Papunahung was among the converts. But the powerful 
Iroquois soon after exterminated the weaker tribes, and Wyalus- 
ing for several years lay in ruins. 

In 1752, Papunahung, who had lived through these troubles at 
the Indian village of Nain with other converts of the Moravians, 
brought his own and a few other families and rebuilt Wyalusing, 
Their industry was soon rewarded by great prosperity, the rich 
lands of the valley producing food almost without cultivation. 
Pie had for his right-hand man, Job Chillaway, an Indian from 
Little Egg Harbor, who was an expert trader, and whose fluent 
English made him much in demand as interpreter. In May. 1760, 



ii6 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

came the Moravian missionary. Christian Frederic Post ; the text 
of the sermon which he preached to Papunahung and his people 
is given in the Pennsylvania Archives — i.e., Luke II, 8-ii.^ In 
the next two years, Zeisberger, who had been placed in charge 
of these Indians, spent a good deal of time near Wyalusing, while 
Papunahung acted as his assistant in the long intervals when 
they were left much to themselves. He would appear during this 
time to have been on probation. 

Much trading went on between these friendly Indians and Phil- 
adelphia, and Papunahung was usually with the traders. Such a 
visit, when he met the Friends in 1760, is described in a rare little 
pamphlet published in London in 1761.- A year later, a more 
important visit was made, and a meeting held in the house of 
Anthony Benezet, in Philadelphia, when John Woolman, who 
was present, took ample notes of the remarks of Papunahung. 
These notes are still preserved^ and form the substance of the 
statements made by Proud, in his History of Pennsylvania. 

In spring of 1763, John Woolman met one of these trading 
parties in Philadelphia, and having for some time desired to visit 
them in their own settlement, he decided to accompany the In- 
diams home, and accordingly obtained a certificate from his meet- 
ing for the purpose. He had long known Papunahung; his ac- 
count of the journey to the Susquehanna country is given in his 
Journal and need not here be repeated. It is, however, well to 
clear up the situation, from the light which Bishop de Schweinitz, 

1 Post became so thoroughly identified with the Indians as to marry in 
succession two Indian wives! Eventually, he came under the influence of 
the Episcopalians, and before he died in 1784, joined that church. His 
death occurred in Germantown and he was buried in the graveyard at that 
place, Bishop White preaching his funeral sermon. 

2 " Account of a Visit lately made to the People called Quakers in Phila- 
delphia, by Papoonahoal, An Indian Chief, and several other Indians, 
chiefly of the Minisink Tribe, with the Substance of their Conferences 
on that Occasion. London. S. Clark. Bread St. 1761." A copy is in the 
Library of Haverford College, Pa. 

3 They are in the Pemberton Collection, Hist. Soc. of Penna. A note by 
Sarah Woolman makes it evident that they were placed at Proud's dis- 
posal. Ms. copies, with account of the visit in 1760, are to be found in 
the Boston Public Library, and at Westtown School. 



PAPUNAHUNG. 117 

and other historians as well as the records of the Moravian 
church, cast upon this incident. 

The Moravian mentioned by Woolman was David Zeisberger, 
who was accomplished in various Indian dialects, and who trans- 
lated into their own language for the Indians, the German hymns 
of the Moravian church.* We have no record of any Quaker 
who ever went to the pains of mastering the Indian's own tongue, 
and therefore reaching them with the power and conviction 
which has made the work of the Moravians in the colonial period 
so impressive. Zeisberger had been in Wyalusing on May 23, 
and had found the Indians in council, determined to embrace the 
tenets of the first Christian missionary who came to them. Four 
days later he was hastening back to Bethlehem, with his report. 
Possibly the mother-church had learned through Anthony Bene- 
zet,° or some one else in close touch with both parties, that the 
Quaker visit impended, for Brother Zeisberger was promptly 
despatched back again with his Christian guide, Nathaniel, fully 
authorized to receive into the church all converts who were genu- 
inely sincere. Zeisberger set out June loth, overtaking and pass- 
ing John Woolman and his companion, Benjamin Parvin. who 
arrived at Wyalusing the day after. The labors of the two were 
harmonious. Woolman says, " Although Papunahung had be- 
fore agreed to receive the Moravian and to join with them, he 
appeared kind and loving to us." On the 21st the Indians de- 
cided in favor of the Moravian faith, when Woolman left, pray- 
ing for the success of his companion. Five days later the bap- 
tisms took place, and Papunahung received the name of John, 
being thereafter known as John Papunahung, or " lilunsey John." 
Bishop de Schweinitz says, " God overruled the man's discourses 
to the awakening of his tribe." Papunahung had a wife, Ann 
Joanna, and a daughter. He was made a missionary assistant, 
and labored faithfully for the church until his death, which oc- 
curred at Schonbrunnen, May 15th, 1775, at the age of seventy. 

* A copy of this interesting little book is in the collection of the Histor- 
ical Society of Pennsylvania. 

° Anthony Benezet's sister had married Thomas Bartow, a minister of 
the Moravian church, at that time settled at Bethlehem as preaclier. 



Ii8 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

There is much reference to the Indians, Teedyuscung and 
Papiinahung, in the minutes of the Meeting for Sufferings, Phil- 
adelphia, as well as in the Archives of Pennsylvania. Tract no. 
50, entitled " John Papunahung the Converted Indian " published 
at 304 Arch Street by the Tract Association, gives no facts, and 
leaves the impression that the savage was a Quaker convert. In 
reality, Papunahung's conversion was one of the first fruits of 
the labors of David Zeisberger. The tract should be recalled or 
rewritten for it does not give a true impression of the facts. 

Amelia M. Gummere. 



A VISIT TO FRIENDS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH 
CAROLINA, 1819. 

Introduction. 

The following paper is a portion of the original private journal 
of Ellis Yarnall (i 757-1 847), one of a committee sent by the 
Meeting for Sufferings of Philadelphia to investigate the condi- 
tions of the remnant of Friends in Charleston, South Carolina. 
One sheet of the journal is lost, and the journal breaks off ab- 
ruptly. The committee made a brief report, not long after their 
return, to a Meeting held i month 20, 1820, and a detailed report 
which closely agrees with the journal, 3d month 17, 1820. Here 
the matter seems to have rested. The standing committee on 
the Charleston matter reported 4 month 12, 1822, and again 4 
month 15, 1825, when it was stated only two members attended 
the meeting. Another report, similar in character, was made 4 
month 1826. 

There has been much misconception in regard to the Charles- 
ton property, and the " Charleston Fund." It is quite clear from 
the records that had not Philadelphia Friends stepped into the 
breach, and advanced and expended considerable sums of money, 
the whole property would have lapsed to the State. In the final 
adjustment it was proper that the Meeting which had shouldered 
the responsibility, should have the disposition of the fund. As a 
matter of fact Charleston Meeting appears to have been an inde- 



A VISIT TO FRIENDS IN CHARLESTON, S. C. 119 

pendent meeting during the greater part of its existence. Its 
connection with North Carolina Yearly Meeting was little more 
than formal at any time. 

The history of Charleston Meeting is not a cheerful one, and 
it has never been recounted in full in print. 

A Bibliography is given at the end of the Journal. 

Editor. 

The Journal. 

John Cook, Israel W. Morris and myself [Ellis Yarnall] being 
under appointment by the Meeting for Sufferings^ to pay a visit 
to those who profess with Friends and reside in the City of 
Charleston, South Carolina, in order to ascertain the state of the 
Meeting that has been held there for many years and not under 
the regular care of any Meeting for Discipline, the situation of 
the members who compose it, and circumstances relative to the 
tenure of the property belonging to the Society in that place, on 
the 7th of nth month 1819, we went down to New Castle in 
the steamboat, having previously engaged our passage on board 
of the ship Pennsylvania, Captain William Bunce. On board of 
which [this ship] we embarked off New Castle [the] 9th, but 
did not get to sea till the 13th on account of head winds. We 
found a large number of passengers chiefly southern people who 
had spent the summer to the northward, and were returning 
home. To lay at anchor day after day with such a crowd was 
some tryal of our patience. We, however, went on shore at 
Ready [Reedy] Island, took a walk of several miles through the 
country which, with the town of Port Penn, [Delaware] exhib- 
ited evident marks of neglected agriculture and decayed trade. 
The passengers on board were politely attentive to us, but their 
habits and deportment, so different from what we had been ac- 
customed, required a watchful care on our part to maintain our 

1 Meeting for Sufferings mo. 17, 1819. John Cook, Israel W. Morris, 
and Ellis Yarnall were appointed to " investigate conditions, take charge 
of deeds, papers, etc., and place them and the Estate in such hands as may 
be most likely to promote a due execution of the Trust devolved on this 
Meeting." Ms. Records. 



120 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

religious testimonies without giving- occasion of offence. We 
were particularly tryed with the free use they made of brandy 
at the table, and believed it right to set an example of temper- 
ance in confining our drink very much to water. 

The wind coming fair on 7th day morning, 13th, we weighed 
anchor and with a stiff breeze ran down the bay and before 12 
o'clock was at sea with a fine wind, which the Captain fondly 
hoped would waft us to Charleston in three days. But how fre- 
quently does this fickle element disappoint the expectation of 
those who are necessarily dependent on it. Before the next 
morning it changed and came nearly from the quarter to which 
we were bound and continued so for about two days. Yet by 
the skill of our commander we were able to make some advance 
on our course. Our curiosity was gratified with appearance of 
several large shoals of porpoises. 

20th, 7 o'clock. Arrived at Charleston; boarded at Eliz^- 
Beauford. 

21, 10 o'clock went to Meeting house situated in King Street, 
east side, near to Queen St., is a small frame building raised and 
supported on brick pillars 2 or 3 feet above the surface of the 
ground. Piazza on the south side and front. Contains a raised 
seat for ministers and bench under it, and 10 benches which hold 
5 or 6 persons each ; will seat 60 or 70 persons. Present 
D[aniel]. Latham, Jfohn]. K[irk]., Wm. Wadsworth, Joshua 
Nevil, J. Coates, 2 of D. L.'s daughters, B. Swift, a stranger, 
member of Society from Sandwich, Massachusetts, and our- 
selves, in all II. Dined at D. Latham's. His wife an elderly 
woman, and daughters, gay, not members. He is a distiller, 
3 o'clock, to Meeting. D. L., J. K., B. Swift, J. Coates, W. W., 
C. West, L. and E. Clemment, 11. Tea at C. W. 

22d, 2d day. Obtained from John Kirk the Minute Book and 
title papers. First minute by an introduction by Wm. Piggot 
evincing a zeal for the cause of truth, by which it appears that 
in the early settlement of this country. South Carolina, " the lord 
had a tender people who were by the world in scorn called Quak- 
ers, but by reason of some going out of the country, the death of 
most of the ancients together with the unfaithfulness of many 



A VISIT TO FRIENDS IN CHARLESTON, S. C. 121 

of their offspring, the number of those who walked in the Law 
of the Lord became very small, so that by the best account it 
appears that for some considerable time there was no meeting 
for worship, and for 20 years and upwards no settled meeting 
for business. Yet after a time the Lord was pleased to raise up 
a remnant who became concerned to meet together and wait upon 
Him, who were also visited at times by several of the Lord's 
messenger's from other parts. Yet their meeting continued low 
and poor; and even after this, had liked to have fallen again in 
the year 1716 which poverty of this meeting I was witness to." 

By the first Minute in 17 18 the meeting house and lot was 
placed under the care of Thomas Kimberley. From this time 
till about 1726 a concern appears to have been manifested for 
the good order of Society meetings [ ?] being regularly held and 
Epistolary correspondence with London and Philadelphia Yearly 
Meetings. But from this time a slackness appears, the Minutes 
not regular; from 1737 to 1750 no Minute appears. Minutes 
under the title of Meetings for Conference were occasionally 
held. 1753, on the visit of Mary Peisley and Catharine Payton, 
agreed a Week Day Meeting [be] resumed; and after noting the 
visit of Samuel Fothergill and Israel Pemberton in 1755. we find 
no further Minutes except a memorandum, 12 of 6 month, 1784, 
during the religious visit of A. Lancaster, a proposition being 
made to hold a meeting on 4th day ; agreed to without opposition, 
and has been since kept up. 23rd, 3d day. Meeting with John 
Kirk and D. Latham on account of differences [between them]. 
Only Friends known to be Friends, met at 9 o'clock. 

4th day. Attended meeting. D[aniell. Latham and John 
Kirk all that attended except ourselves. John Kirk said it often 
occurred that no others attended and sometimes he sat quite 
alone. Further conversation with. D. L. also on account of his 
business of distilling. J. Hopkins and J. Coates called on us. I 
observed that we had not their company at Meeting. J. C. men- 
tioned the impracticability of his attending on 4th days ; J. H. 
stated he had not attended meetings for a long time. Said a 
certificate had been forwarded to Bush River [^Monthly Meet- 
ing, S. C], many years ago, but he forfeited his right by holding 
slaves. 



122 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Went to dine with J. K. who was busily engaged in preparing 
papers for a captain to sail in the morning. D. L. came in ; J. K. 
asked him to sit down but not very cordially. D. L. said he 
came in order to try to settle with J. K., who declined attending 
to it that afternoon on account of his engagements above stated ; 
appointed to meet at our lodging to-morrow morning. D. L. 
came home with us. Handed a number of Friends' books and 
tracts. Went to see Joshua Nevil who has resided here a num- 
ber of years; had a birthright in Society in Mountmellick in Ire- 
land, left there in his 14th year, has been married but not dis- 
owned ; his wife and family of the IMethodists ; his son Henry, 
a young man, we were interested in ; appeared to be thoughtful 
person. After taking tea with them, Joshua and Henry came 
home with us, to whom we handed books. 

5th day morning J. K. and D. L. called at our lodging, where, 
after a time of silence D. L. being invited, to, stated what he had 
in prospect as a means of effecting a reconciliatory [sic] which 
was accepted by J. K. and they mutually agreed to that all ani- 
mosity should cease and that no old or former transactions should 
be called up on either side to disturb their future harmony. 

Proceeded to make inquiry respecting their meeting and situa- 
tion of the persons who attend it, and their respective rights as 
to membership. 

John Kirk, his right at Bush River Monthly Meeting. 

Daniel Latham, at Philadelphia] Meeting. 

J. Hopkins, his right at Bush River. Does not consider him- 
self entitled to membership, as he holds slaves; has not been dis- 
owned, but makes no profession and seldom, if ever, attends 
meeting. 

J. Coates, married out, but not disowned ; his right in Phila- 
delphia. Seldom attends. 

Joshua Nevil, never been disowned; his right of membership 
in Ireland. Attends meeting mostly on First days. 

William Wadsworth attends on First day morning and occa- 
sionally in the afternoon ; a single man, not a member. 

William Turpin, when in Charleston sometimes attends. Not 
a member. 



A VISIT TO FRIENDS IN CHARLESTON, S. C. 123 

Elizabeth and Lydia Clemment, attend on First day morning; 
members of Northern District Meeting [Philadelphia]. 

Charles [L.] West, and wife sometimes attend First day morn- 
ing. Not members. 

Daniel Latham's wife and two daughters sometimes attend ; 
not members. 

John Kirk informed us that he had divers times thought and 
wished it to engage the serious attention of Friends, whether in 
the state of Friends here, the continuing a Meeting was to the 
reputation of Society. Was informed that was a subject would 
be likely to engage the attention of the Yearly Meeting, and we 
were desirous of so dipping into the state of Society here as 
would enable us to make correct report for them to act upon. 

After J. K. had withdrawn, had an opportunity of inquiring 
of Daniel Latham respecting some black persons in his family 
said to be slaves. D. L. acknowledged they were slaves held by 
his wife, a mother and 4 children, the latter born in his house; 
the former had been given to his wife by her brother-in-law. I 
dined at Charles West's. In the evening took tea with Thomas 
Frazer's family ; his wife, daughter Anna, and himself were 
passengers with us. 

[Here, a page or sheet of the manuscript is lost. It probably 
related to the title etc. of the Meeting House and Lot. The fol- 
lowing extract from an account given in TJie Friend (Philadel- 
phia) (vol. 53: 289) will supply connection.] 
"After having made use of this lot of ground [on King street 
near Queen street] for a considerable number of years without 
any regular title or fee in it. Friends in London applied to the 
King in Council to have the property duly invested ; in conse- 
quence of which an order from King George the Second was 
issued to Robert Johnson, Governor of South Carolina, directing 
him to make a grant of the said lot of ground to Thomas Kim- 
bcrly. . . . The Governor accordingly in the year 1731 grants 
the same under the seal of the Province to the said Friend . . . 
and calls it by the name it had long been known by, "the Quak- 
ers' Lot " ; and with the express understanding and in the special 
trust and confidence, that a meeting house should be erected 



124 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

thereon for the Society of Friends in Charleston, and the ground 
to be forever reserved for this special and declared purpose. "- 
[This property was held by] Thomas Kimberly and from him 
regularly handed down by divers conveyances in trust to the 
present time, being the same lot on which the Meeting House 
stands, and back part let to Jacob Gass, being together 63>4 feet 
front on King street, and in depth eastward 246 feet 6 inches on 
the north line, 88 feet 4 inches on the south line, and 256 feet 6 
inches on the west line to King street, by Patent, containing one 
rood and 29 perches, besides which there was a small nook at the 
south east corner which J. K. sold by directions of the Carolina 
trustees, but for which we cannot find there was any title further 
than being in possession of Friends. The money, J. K. says he 
laid out in repairing Meeting House etc., 1803, but cannot give 
particulars as his books and papers have been destroyed by fire. 
Said to be sold for £30 per receipt dated 13th of 6 month 1801, a 
copy of which J. K. procured for us and showed to us ; in con- 
firmation of which, D. L. states that two or three Friends of the 
Carolina Trustees being in Charlestown consulted with J. K., T. 
Sykes and himself who all united in judgment that the lot should 
be sold, Friends having no other title to it but possession, and it 
was of no use to Friends, and that it was by their direction J. K. 
disposed of it. D. L. further states that the lot on the south side 
of the Meeting House lot as well as that on which D. Hall re- 
sides, both butting on the small nook alluded to above, were in 
possession of the present owners and had substantial brick build- 
ings on them which appeared to have been built many years be- 
fore he came here to reside in 1773, and that he had never heard 
of Friends possessing any other property than that above stated. 

2 The ground was so held, and by a combination of circumstances the 
Meeting of Sufferings of Philadelphia became Trustees. As all Friends 
had disappeared from Charleston without likelihood of any successors, the 
Meeting for Sufferings, acting under legal advice, petitioned the Legisla- 
ture of South Carolina in 1876 to sell the same. This was granted with 
the proviso that the principal should be held and the income applied 
" for building, furnishing or repairing meeting-houses and their appur- 
tenances, belonging to the Society of Friends, wherever the same may be 
located in the United States ; or for any other similar use or uses." 



A VISIT TO FRIENDS IN CHARLESTON, S. C. 125 

I went in the morning to see Mary Stephens. In the after- 
noon rode out to Lucas's Rice Mill to view the several operations 
necessary for removing the husk and rendering fit for market. 
Returned in the evening to tea at Joseph Yeates, whose carriage 
Elizabeth, his wife, had sent to carry us to the rice mill on acci- 
dentally hearing of our intention of going, with a particular re- 
quest: to take tea with her where were a considerable collection of 
her friends. 

3rd day morning. Ship prevented sailing by head winds. 
Called on several of the citizens who had shown attention to us. 
Left some books explanatory of our religious principles with 
some sober persons who appeared desirous of having them. I 
called on M. Stephens, and we all paid a visit to S. Grimke,^ a 
sober young woman who had accompanied her father, in 6th 
month last, to Philadelphia, and to Long Branch on account of 
his health. At the latter place he died. After his death she 
spent a considerable time in Burlington, where she became ac- 
quainted with several Friends to whom she seemed attached. 
She was a passenger with us in the ship Pennsylvania from Phil- 
adelphia to Charleston, and manifested a very open and friendly 

3 Sarah M. Grimke (1792-1873), the elder of the two Grimke sisters 
who filled so large a place in the early Anti-Slavery days. They were the 
daughters of J. F. Grimke of Charleston, who was a large slaveholder. 
Soon after his death his daughters set free the slaves they had inherited. 
They came to reside in the north. Both sisters joined Friends, but their 
connection with the body was marked by much misunderstanding on both 
sides, and on the marriage of the younger " out of meeting," both were 
disowned (1838). Neither joined any other denomination. 

The reference to this voyage in the biography of the sisters Grimke is 
as follows : " On the vessel which carried her from Philadelphia to 
Charleston, after her father's death, was a party of Friends; and in the 
seven days which it then required to make the voyage, an intimacy sprang 
up which influenced her whole after-life. From one of them (Israel W. 
Morris) she had accepted a copy of Woolman's works. — evidence that 
there must have been religious discussions between them." C. H. Birney, 
" Sarah and Angelina Grimke, a Biography." Boston, 1885, p. 29. For 
the close connection with the Morris family resort must be had to subse- 
quent pages of this rather one-sided volume. 

See also for brief notice, not quite accurate as to details, "Journal of 
Friends' Historical Society," London, 1917, vii, pp. 79, 80. 



126 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

disposition towards us. We furnished her with some books rela- 
tive to our religious principles which appeared very acceptable. 
In the evening took tea at Thomas Stephens, at the particular 
request of his wife. We spent the evening in social conversa- 
tion with a number of citizens who came in, among whom was 
Elizabeth Yeates whose unaffected kindness and attention to us 
since we first met her at C. Tunis's has left a pleasing remem- 
brance of her on our minds. The conversation this evening as 
well as at divers other times, turned upon the subject of slavery, 
and the usual mode of treating slaves, though I believe the sub- 
ject was never introduced by us, but it was very evident that 
many serious people, especially among the females, consider the 
subject as a very interesting one and are very uneasy under it. 
E. Yeates, I think, always introduced it when in our company, 
her husband being a man of considerable property, a cooper by 
trade, she said owned 30 slaves, nearly all of whom he employed 
in his business. She seemed very desirous that way might open 
in his mind to manumit them. I have no doubt she felt, as she 
expressed it, to be her duty to treat them kindly ; often adverted 
to the cruelty exercised on their persons by some of their mas- 
ters, who, for uttering an expression, which they consider imper- 
tinence, would send them to the House of Correction, have them 
severely flogged and confined in dungeon with little or no food 
during their pleasure, with other instances of cruelty shocking to 
humanity. Yet we had reason to believe that many of these poor 
people were tenderly used and their situation rendered com- 
fortable. 

[End of manuscript.] 

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CHARLESTON MEETING. 
Manuscripts. 

Minutes of Charleston Monthly Meeting, 1718-1786 (1737-1753) missing). 

Historical Sketch of the origin, investment and continuance of the Trust of the Estate 
of Friends in Charleston, S. C, with sundry facts and circumstances relating 
thereto down to 1883, by a Committee of the Meeting for Suffering of Phila- 
delphia Yearly Meeting. 
Note. The above Mss. are in possession of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 304 Arch 

St., Philadelphia. 



A VISIT TO FRIENDS IN CHARLESTON, S. C. 127 

Printed Sources. 

Letter of Lord Shaftesbury to Andrew Percivall, Jan. 9, 1673. This is the first men- 
tion of Friends in South Carolina. 

John Jennings of Barbados, to Edward Mayo in South Carolina, 1679, Journal Friends' 
Historical Society, London, 1910, 7: 65. See, Jones, "Quakers in the American 
Colonies," pp. 298-301. 

George Fox, Letter, To Friends in Carolina, 1681. Epistles, 371, London, 1698, p. 462. 

George Fox, To Friends in Charles-Town in Carolina. Epistles, 386, p. 490. 

This epistle is dated London, the 23d of the 12th Month (February), 1683, and 
in it he refers to a Letter from Charleston Friends, dated the Sixth Day of the 
Eighth Month (October), 1683. 

Histories, Etc. 
Bowden, James, History of Friends in America, London, 1850, I: 413. 
Jones, Rufus M., Quakers in the American Colonies, London. 191 1, 298-301. 
Thomas, A. C, History of the Friends in America, 5th ed., Philadelphia, 19 19, 86-88. 
Weeks, S. B., Southern Quakers and Slavery, Baltimore, 1896, 79, 91-94. 
Rhoads, Charles, Friends' Meeting House and Lot in Charleston, S. C, The Friend 

(Philadelphia), Vol. 53, 1880, 289 ff., 299 ff. 

(This account is based on the manuscript sources named above and contains 

all essential information.) 
Vaux, George, Charleston Friends' Burial Ground, The Friend (Philadelphia), Vol. 80, 

378; Friends in Charleston, S. C, The Friend (Philadelphia), Vol. 82, 403 flF., 

411 ff.; Descendants of Mary Fisher, Journal of Friends' Historical Society, 1909, 

6, 163-168. 

Notices of Visits, Etc. 

1713. Thomas Chalkley, Journal, London, 1751, p. 80. 

1715. Benjamin Holme, Life, London, 1753, p. 35. 

1723- John Fothergill and Lawrence King, Life of John Fothergill, Philadelphia, 1754, 
p. 140. 

1726. Joshua Fielding, see Life of Samuel Bownas, London, 1761, p. 138. 

1748- Sophia Hume, Letter in Kendall's Letters, London, Vol. IL 57. 

1784. Report of Committee of London Meeting of Sufferings on the Case of Friends 
in South Carolina (John Hunt, John Fothergill, Peter Williams), Journal 
of Friends' Historical Society, Vol. 7, 67. Also Note of 1750. 

1753. Mary Peislcy (afterward Mary Neale), Lives of Samuel and Mary Neale, Lon- 
don, 1845, pp. 33S. 339- 

'753- Catherine Payton (afterwards Catherine Phillips), Memoirs, London, 1797, 
63-101. 

1755. S'amuel Fothergill, Memoirs, London, 1843, PP- '73. -83. 

J7S7. William Reckitt, Life of, etc., London, 1776, p. 99. 

1767. Sophia Hume. See also her " Exhortation to the Inhabitants of S. C," 1748. 

1789. Job Scott, Life, etc.. New York, 1799, p. 235. 

1791. William Savery, Life, Philadelphia, , p. 20. 

1793. Thomas Scattergood, Memoirs, London, 1845, pp. 82-85. 

1795. Martha Roiith, Memoirs, etc., London, 1822, pp. 149-152. 



128 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY FRENCHMAN ON AMER- 
ICAN QUAKERISM IN PENNSYLVANIA. 

[Moreau de Saint-Mery (1750-1819) was a distinguished 
Frenchman who was in exile in the United States, 1 793-1 798. 
He was born on the island of Martinique, went to France, and 
became prominent in the early days of the Revolution. He was 
a moderate reformer, opposed to violent methods, and thereby 
incurred the enmity of Robespierre and was forced to fly with 
his family to America. He lived nearly four years in Philadel- 
phia, having a book-shop and printing establishment first at the 
corner of Front and Walnut streets and then at the corner of 
Front and Callowhill. His Voyage aux Etats-Unis de I'Amer- 
ique, I'jg^-i'jgS^ is the record of his experiences and observa- 
tions during his stay in America. Strange to say, though known 
to some scholars and historians, this volume lay in manuscript in 
Paris until 1903, when, through the perseverance of Professor S. 
L. Mims of Yale, it was transcribed, and then published by the 
Yale University Press. It has never been translated into Eng- 
lish. The following extracts are, with one exception, all his ref- 
erences to Friends. The Quakers were, to him, apparently, in- 
comprehensible, and it is quite evident that he did not come into 
close contact with the principal Friends of the day. What he 
says would seem to be from purely exterior observation and from 
hearsay. His remarks are nevertheless interesting as giving the 
impressions of an outsider and a foreigner. — Editor.] 

Burlington and Bristol, Pennsylvania. 

Opposite Bristol, but on the other bank (of the Delaware 
River) is Burlington, a town of Jersey, where there are about 
200 dwellings (situated in part on an island where are 160) and 
an academy or place for education. The island includes 1000 
whites and 100 slaves. The Quakers form the most numerous 

'^Voyage aux £tats-Ums de U Amerique, 1793-1798, hy Moreau De Saint- 
Mery, edited with an Introduction and Notes by Stewart L. Mims, Assist- 
ant Professor of History in Yale College. New Haven, Yale University 
Press, MCMXIII, pp. xxxvi, 440. 



I 



AMERICAN QUAKERISM IN PENNSYLVANIA. 129 

part of the population of Bristol, and it is this same circumstance 
to which is attributed the atmosphere of sadness [tristesse] which 
prevails in the place. Pp. no, in. 

Philadelphia. 

The Quakers, very numerous in Philadelphia, are nevertheless 
diminishing, because many of their children leave this communion. 
Moreover, one sees the coquetry of the young Quakeresses, who 
know how to combine their affected simplicity with very worldly 
tastes, which this sect would wholly eradicate. 

It is to the influence and numbers of the Quakers at Philadel- 
phia that one would attribute the dull customs of the city, where 
there is also less society than elsewhere. P. 310. 

The protection which the Quakers profess to accord them [the 
negroes] is, as with all the acts of that sect, marked with the 
stamp of an arrogant humility. It is a patronage which seeks a 
numerous clientele for its own profit. P. 324. 

Delazvare. 

(Referring to a law forbidding any slave to be brought into 
the State of Delaware for sale within the State.) This law not 
having been retroactive, in favor of those who were already 
slaves, any manumission is a result of the zeal of the Quakers, 
and all those who do not wish to follow this movement have not 
been compelled to. P. 327. 

Ministry among the Quakers. 

It is necessary to recall what one knows, that the Quakers da 
not have a trained ministry, and that any one, whatever may be 
the sex, who believes himself inspired by the Spirit, takes the 
liberty and has also the sacred right of abusing it. P. 364. 

Referring to the planting of trees in the cemeteries of Philadel- 
phia. 

The (cemetery) of the Quakers at the S. W. corner of Mul- 
berry [now Arch] street and 4th street North has been the first 



130 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



example and that of the Irish Catholics of the church of St. Mary 
which lies between 4th and 5th streets South, is the second. 
[Note of 1802.] P. 371. 

Friends' Almshouse. 

There is an almshouse of the Quakers on Walnut street be- 
tween 3rd and 4th street. The Quakers put it under the care of 
a committee. This place is divided into apartments or chambers 
for the Quakers fallen into poverty. It has a large garden which 
furnishes the city with medicinal plants. P. 383. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 

The Story of George Fox. By Rufus M. Jones. . . . New York, The 
Macmillan Company, 1919. 5 X 7J^ in- Pp- xii, 169. $1.25. 

The author of this book having already tried his hand with " St. Paul, 
the Hero," has in this volume attempted a still harder work. That he has 
been as successful as he has been is greatly to his credit. The narrative 
is lively and interesting to adults, but how it will appeal to the youth can 
only be tested by experiment. To set forth Fox's spiritual teaching and 
experiences in a way to reach immature minds is indeed difficult, and the 
author has rightly not attempted a dissertation on the " inward light." but 
set it forth incidentally, and dwelt most on Fox's unflinching following 
of duty, no matter what might be the consequences. This appeals to very 
young minds, and the presentation, as it is exhibited in Fox's life, cannot 
help being effective. 

A few slips may be noted : the great Puritan statesman is better known 
as Pym rather than Pirn (page 12) ; Firbank Chapel is not at Preston 
Patrick (page 40), but about four miles from Sedbergh. It would have 
been well to cite the case of the children in Bristol keeping up the meeting 
as well as that at Reading (page 108), mentioning in each case the perse- 
cution endured. 

The Last of the Mayflower. By Rendel Harris. Manchester, at the 
University Press. Longmans, London, New York, etc. 1920. 6X9/^ 
in. Pp. vi, 122. 

Last year Rendel Harris indulged in fancy and imagination regarding 
the " Mayflower " in his " Return of the Mayflower, An Interlude " ; this 
year he gives a careful historical study of the life of this famous ship. 
This study is marked by the same keen scent for facts exhibited in all his 
work, and the same able marshalling of the evidence collected. His con- 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 131 

elusion only can be stated. It is that she was a whaler almost continually 
both before and after his historic voyage. During the period 1626-1640 
she made two voyages (1629-1630) carrying Puritans to Massachusetts 
Bay; later she was in the New England and London trade via the West 
Indies. In 1653 she carried goods to Boston for " John Eliot, the apostle 
of the Red Indians and his disciples." This fact gives the opportunity for 
the introduction of three interesting letters of John Eliot, and a Bill of 
Lading of the " Mayflower," 1653. The " Mayflower " was in Boston, 
1654, but no trace of her can be found after that year. The old ship must 
have given out at last. " Most likely she was broken up in Boston, or 
perhaps in the Thames on her last voyage to London." 

An Appendix contains another letter of John Eliot (1653), and several 
letters of the Hanmer family, early Nonconformists of Barnstaple (1659- 
1691). 

The author is to be congratulated on clearing up many questions regard- 
ing the famous ship. 

The Christian Ideal, a Study of the Meaning of Christianity. By Wil- 
liam E. Wilson, B.D. . . . London, The Swarthmore Press [1919]. Chris- 
tian Revolution Series, No. VI. 5 X 73^ in. Pp. 255. 5s. net. 

The author of this volume, though a descendant of the old Quaker fami- 
lies of Wilson and Braithwaite of Kendal, is not a birthright member, but 
one by convincement. 

The book is a twentieth century view of the subject, as may be inferred 
from its being one of the " Christian Revolution Series." It is deeply 
reverent, and closely in accord with Quaker ideals, though nothing in the 
volume refers to Friends or their principles by name. Some readers may 
think on the subject of Redemption the author's view is " too modern," 
but no one can deny that there is food for close thought in his presentation. 

The great aim before the Christian is Life; and the fullest life, in the 
author's words, may be thus defined : " A constantly developing life, always 
enlarging its power and scope by harmonious co-operation, in a society 
organically one, under the completest control of God. This is individual 
life, but it is also communal life." Like the theme in a musical fugue, 
this idea runs through the whole book. 

Under the headings, " Punishment," " Justice," " Judgment of Others," 
" Domination and Service," " Toleration and Truth," " Self-sacrifice and 
Vocation," and others, he analyzes current and popular views, and points 
out where they fail in reaching the Christian Ideal, if indeed they are not 
sometimes in direct opposition to it. 

The author's arguments and statements are clear and often very forcible. 
To those who feel their ideas need clarifying, and to many who have felt 
the lack of sustaining arguments, this book is likely to be very helpful. 

Short as the volume is, it might have been condensed to advantage. 



132 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

For instance, a " Summary " is repeated three times, nearly word for 
word, within six pages (pp. 65-71). The impression is that the chapters 
were given to a class and then combined into a book. This is a minor 
fault. The book can be commended as a sincere, clear, and forcible pres- 
entation of old truths in modern expression. 

The Inward Light, A Drama in Four Acts. By Allen Davis and Anna 
R. Stratton. . . . New York, Alfred A. Knopf. 5X7/^ in. Pp. 135. 

This is an unusual book. A prose drama in which all the characters 
are Friends except two, who for the sake of the plot are of necessity non- 
members. The work is well thought out and is on a high, reverent level, 
and reflects great credit on the authors, who are unknown to the reviewer. 
The motif of the play is to represent human action as influenced and 
directed by the " inward light " or illumination which a man may possess. 
The scene is laid in Pennsylvania, just before and just after the opening 
of the Civil War, 1861. That about which the action revolves is the ques- 
tion whether, under any circumstances, war is allowable to the Quaker. 
There is the " Conscientious Objector," in this case a man well on in 
middle life, and the young men and the young women, who, though hating 
war, feel, also conscientiously, according to their " inward light," that 
under certain circumstances, war is justifiable. The authors express no 
opinion, leaving the reader to draw his own conclusions ; but it would 
seem that, though admiring the unflinching attitude of the older man, they 
side with the younger. Nevertheless, it may mean that no more is intended 
than to set forth that difficult, even tragic, situation so sadly familiar to 
us in these days, when to many war seemed the only resource. 

The real protagonist of the play is the older man, who holds to his con- 
victions in the face of loss of business, most of his property, the enlist- 
ment and death of his only son, the disownment (for enlistment) of the 
fiance of his daughter, and the daughter remaining faithful to her fiance. 
On this character is lavished great care and with the undoubted success of 
arousing the sympathy of the reader. But to a Friend the portrayal shows 
many slips, mainly in the style of expression which savors more of the 
Puritan than of the Quaker. A wide personal acquaintance among the 
Friends of the period has failed to reveal, to memory, at least, any one 
like David Worthingt'on in his " talk." The inference, moreover, is that 
he holds to his position because he is a Friend rather than because of per- 
sonal conviction, which position is clearly that of the younger characters. 
There may have been such, but they were not typical any more than the 
younger characters were t}T)ical of their position. 

The scenes when the tidings of the fall of Fort Sumter, and the reverse 
at the first battle of Bull Run are received, are in accord with the re- 
viewer's personal experiences at the time. 

It is a risky thing for outsiders, or those but slightly acquainted with 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. I33 

their practices, to describe the practices of Friends, and our authors do 
not escape pitfalls. There are comparatively few lapses in the case of the 
Pennsylvania Friendly methods of conversation, but no Friend would be 
likely in those days to write, "Seventh day (Saturday), April, 13, 1861," 
and other similar expressions (p. 16). If he said Seventh day he would 
also say Fourth month (April). But perhaps the greatest slip is the Dis- 
ownment scene (pp. 1 17-130). This, though dramatic in conception and 
execution, is most improbable as described. In the first place, the Monthly 
Meeting is represented as being composed of men and women — a joint 
meeting — something which was practically unknown in 1861 among Friends 
everywhere, and could have taken place least of all in Pennsylvania. The 
question of disownment would have been wholly in the hands of men 
Friends, and the Women's Meeting would have been informed only of 
the conclusion reached. Again, the non-member is represented as being 
present — an unheard of thing then, and unusual at the present time. These 
remarks are simply to show that those who write about Quaker practices 
would be wise to have their manuscripts read by Friends really familiar 
with Quaker practices both past and present. 

" The Problem of the Juvenile Delinquent," by Thomas H. Haines, M.D. ; 
and, " Some Phases of Prison Reforms," by Albert H. Votaw. 1919. 

The above is a pamphlet of 31 pages issued by the Representative Meet- 
ing of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. Dr. Haines, a Haverford graduate 
of 1896, is Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases, State University of 
Ohio at Columbus. His tract is a strong plea, for wiser — one might truly 
say common-sense — methods in the treatment of delinquents, and espe- 
cially for taking them in their youth before they become hardened or are 
developed into criminals. 

The second tract by the well-known Secretary of the Pennsylvania 
Prison Society, is a plea for better, more sympathetic, and more scientific 
treatment of those confined in prison. He rightly says, " The main evil 
in all our jails is the prevalence of idleness and the consequent demorali- 
zation." In spirit Isaac Watts' old couplet " Satan finds some mischief 
still. For idle hands to do," is yet true both inside and outside of jails. 
It is a serious reflection that politics, the jealousy of laborers and of manu- 
facturers, and public indifference are responsible for such conditions as 
exist in many, perhaps most, of our jails and prisons. Some recent events 
hold out a hope that the public is being aroused to the necessity of reform 
in prison management. 

The Pennsbury Series of Modern Quaker Books. Edited by Isaac 
Sharpless. I. Political Leaders of Provincial Pennsylvania, by Isaac 
Sharpless, $2.00; II. George Fox, An Autobiography, by Rufus M. Jones, 
$2.00; III. Man's Relation to God, by John Wilhelm Rowntree, $1.50; IV. 



134 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

A History of the Friends in America, by Allen C. Thomas, $1.50; V. A 
Service of Love in War Time, by Rufus M. Jones, $2.00 (ready early in 
1920), Philadelphia, Friends' Book Store, 302 Arch St. S^^ X 8>^ in., 
cloth; uniform in size and binding. 

This series of Quaker books has been conceived in a broad and liberal 
spirit, and in every way reflects credit on those who planned it and on the 
Editor who gave much time and thought to the selection, and whose dis- 
criminating judgment will be so greatly missed in the future. It is not 
needful to give any extended notice of these volumes. The first has 
recently been reviewed in the Bulletin ; the second and third have already 
been some years before the public ; the fourth, in this new and enlarged 
edition, is noticed elsewhere in this number ; while the fifth is eagerly 
expected, some unavoidable delays having held back the issue. It is to 
be hoped that the death of the Editor will not cause much delay in issuing 
other volumes in the series as they seem to be called for. The series 
deserves a large sale. 

The Orient in Bible Times. By Elihu Grant, Professor of Biblical Lit- 
erature in Haverford College. 30 Illustrations. Philadelphia and Lon- 
don : J. B. Lippincott Co. 1920. 5H X 8 in. Pp. ix, 336. $2.50 net. 

What does the average Bible reader know about the "nations around " 
the Hebrew lands in Bible times? We fear very little. This attractive 
volume aims to give such information in a non-technical and interesting 
way. It is a difficult piece of work well done. It was impossible not to 
give some historical details of monarchs bearing strange, and, to us, un- 
couth names, and also of kingdoms which are very shadowy to most of 
us, but this necessary part has been minimized as much as possible. 

Isolated as the Hebrews were, and wished to be, they could not with- 
draw themselves from the world around them — indeed their geographical 
position forbade it. This volume throws great light on the extent of 
this intercourse, particularly so during the time of the great prophets of 
Israel, whose words cannot be rightly understood without some knowl- 
edge of this kind. If some of the Bible commentators had possessed even 
a little of it, 

" It wad from many a blunder freed them 
And foolish notion." 

Chapters on Palestine today as illustrating the Bible, and on the polit- 
ical background for New Testament Times are very helpful. 

The thirty illustrations are admirably reproduced from photographs. A 
Map at the end of the volume is probably as good as one covering so long 
a period of time could be. One showing the Hittite sphere of influence 
at its greatest extent would have been useful. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. i35 

The Time of Her Life and Other Stories. By Maude Robinson. Illus- 
trated by Percy Bigland. The Swarthmore Press, Ltd., London, 1919. 
5^ X8 in. Pp. 261. 6s. net. 

This attractive volume is a collection of twelve stories for young people, 
some of which appeared first in the Friends Quarterly Examiner. The 
subjects of all are Friendly and are usually founded on fact, often in 
connection with family history. They aim to illustrate periods of Quaker 
history from 1682 to 1875. The author has been remarkably successful in 
reproducing Quaker atmosphere in a simple and pleasant way. The four 
illustrations in color by our Friend Percy Bigland, though somewhat 
lacking in force, are a great addition. The artist, however, has not es- 
caped the error of Benjamin West and others in making Penn look much 
older than he was at the time of the story — 1682. At this date Penn was 
but thirty-eight and athletic for his age. He is represented as a rather 
portly man of about fifty or more. The volume is to be highly com- 
mended. 

Christ in Christian Thought. Notes on the Development of the Doc- 
trine of Christ's Person. By Edward Grubb, M.A. London, James Clarke 
& Co. 1920. 5X7H in- PP- 161 

This small volume is a revised edition of the author's " Bible Notes, vol. 
viii," 1912. It gives in brief but clear compass a resume of various views 
regarding the person of Christ from the New Testament to the present 
time. The great lack of the book is the failure to supply any data regard- 
ing the Medieval, Reformation, or Post-Reformation periods. There is a 
good Index. 

My Ancestors. By Norman Penney, F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. Printed for 
Private Circulation by Headley Brothers, London, 1920. 6}i X 8^^ in- 
Pp. xvi, 236. Illustrations. 21s. Net. 

This genealogical record is the result of many years of research in that 
attractive field, when once entered, of Genealogy. There are about forty 
families mentioned with more or less fulness. Among the individuals is 
one whose name is well-known in America though very few know who he 
was or where he came from — Jeremiah Dixon (i733-i779) who with 
Charles Mason (1730-1787) ran the celebrated Mason and Dixon line 
between Pennsylvania and Maryland, which was for so long the boundary 
between the slave and free States. There is an unusual number of 
sketches of persons, anecdotes and allusions of interest. The illustrations 
comprise portraits, views of houses, places (country and town), and 
various items of genealogical and historical interest. Our friend is to be 
congratulated on his success. The issue is restricted to 230 copies. The 
book can be had from the author, 136, Bishopsgate, London, E. C. 2. 



136 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

A History of the Friends in America. By Allen C. Thomas, A.M., As- 
sisted by Richard H. Thomas, M.D. Fifth Edition, Revised and Enlarged 
by Allen C. Thomas, A.M. Philadelphia, The John C. Winston Co. igiQ- 
"The Pennsbury Series of Modern Quaker Books," Friends' Book Store, 
304 Arch St. 5^X8^ in. Pp.285. $i-50. 

All who are interested in the history of American Quakerism will be 
glad that the Pennsbury Series includes a revised and enlarged edition of 
this work. The original volume was prepared by Professor Allen C. 
Thomas, of Haverford College, assisted by his brother Richard H. Thomas, 
M.D., of Baltimore. For a quarter of a century it has been the standard 
short history of Friends in America. This new edition, brought down to 
the middle of 1919, gives it a considerable claim to further life and use- 
fulness. 

The main body of the text shows little change from the edition of 1905 
save that some additional information and references to recent works on 
Quaker history have been added in the footnotes. 

A new chapter has been written covering the years 1905-1919. This 
chapter opens with a view of the various groups of American Friends, 
with some reference to the developments within each group. This is fol- 
lowed by a more particular discussion of certain topics, such as The Pas- 
toral System, Foreign Missions, Education, and the work among Indians 
and Negroes. 

The most vital contribution to the new section is the part dealing with 
the Great War (pp. 245-253). Here is a succinct account of the struggle 
of Friends, in the face of misunderstanding and persecution, to exemplify 
anew " that life and power that takes away the occasion for all wars." 
The story of persecutions undergone and relief work undertaken is here 
told by one who can visualize these events against a complete background 
of Quaker history. 

Throughout the account of recent years the work of Friends in Great 
Britain and Ireland is depicted, and its influence upon American Quaker- 
ism suggested. 

The statistics, to 1918, are a welcome addition to the book. The new 
reference notes and supplementary bibliography will prove useful to those 
who wish to carry further the study of Quaker history in its various 
phases. 

Finally it should be said that most readers scarcely realize the amount 
of painstaking research (often including many hours in verifying a single 
figure) that is required to produce such a condensed historical account, 
dealing with so many aspects of subject matter and such widely scattered 
groups of people. A bulky work seems more impressive at first sight. 
The smaller volume often represents quite as much research, and also a 
finer art in condensation and perspective. Friends and others are again 
placed under obligation to Professor Thomas for this further product of 
his industry and skill. R. W. K. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



137 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



An Opinion of the Quakers 
IN 1690. — " That Great and Gen- 
eral Contempt they He under, does 
not hinder me from thinking the 
Sect of the Quakers to be by far 
the most considerable of any that 
divide from us, in case the Quak- 
erism that is generally held be the 
same with that which Mr. Barclay 
has delivered to the World for 
such; whom I take to be so great 
a Man, that I profess to you 
freely, I had rather engage against 
an Hundred Bcllarmins, Hard- 
higs, or Stapyltons, than with one 
Barclay.'"^ 

John Norris (1657-1711), "Treat- 
ises Concerning the Divine Light," 
Edition of 1724, p. 251. 

" Oldest Insurance Company 
IN THE World." — George Vaux, 
Jr., of Philadelphia, writes to the 
Editor regarding a Note in the 
last number of the Bulletin : 
" There is a statement on page 
47 of the last number of the Bul- 
letin OF THE Historical Society 
which I think is untrue, and hence 
I call thy attention to if. The 
statement is made that the Phila- 
delphia Contributionship, the old 



1 R. F. Bellarmine (1542-1621), 
an Italian Roman Catholic con- 
troversialist; Thomas Hardings 
(1516-1572), an English contro- 
versialist, first Protestant and 
then Roman Catholic; Thomas 
Stapylton (or Stapleton) (1535- 
1598), a Roman Catholic contro- 
versialist. 



' Hand-in-Hand,' is the oldest in- 
surance company in the world. 
The Hand-in-Hand was modeled 
after the original Hand-in-Hand 
which was organized in London 
in 1696. The device of the Amer- 
ican company was a copy of that 
used in England. This company 
was absorbed in 1898 by the Com- 
mercial Union Insurance Com- 
pany of London, which still uses 
the old device of the hand-in-hand 
as its emblem. 

" The next company in point of 
age was the Sun of London or- 
ganized in 1710. I believe it is 
still in existence. 

" The Philadelphia Contribution- 
ship was organized in 1752, and is 
the oldest insurance company in 
America. The next in age is, I 
believe, the Mutual Assurance 
Company founded in 1784. It is 
familiarly known as the ' Green 
Tree,' also from its badge or em- 
blem." 

[Our correspondent is correct, 
we believe. It should be noted, 
however, that there were insur- 
ance companies in England before 
any named above. In 1681, six- 
teen insurers bound themselves, 
apparently somewhat after the 
manner of Lloyds, to insure build- 
ings against loss by fire. Their 
badge or emblem was a Phoenix 
in the flames, and their men wore 
" liveries." Another society called 
The Friendly Society was formed 
in 1684 for a similar purpose. 
This was a larger body than the 
other, and it seems to have been 



138 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



on the mutual basis. Its emblem 
was a Sheaf of Arrows. Both 
were in existence in 1707, but the 
writer has not been able to trace 
their history further. 

(See G. Miege, "Present State 
of Britain," London, 1707, pp. 
140, 141.) Editor.] 

Whittier's Quarters in Phila- 
delphia. — " Oak Knoll, Danvers, 
Mass., 4 mo. 2. 1889. Dear 
Friend : — I am glad to know that 
my old quarters at 112 N. Seventh 
St. are so well occupied at the 
present time. 

" I am free to say that I have a 
feeling of much unity with thy 
father and his companion in their 
proposed visit to Great Britain. 
I cannot but believe that it is in 
the truth, and that the way will be 
open for them as representatives 
of the principles and testimonies 
of our Early Friends, from which 
there have been sad departures on 
both sides of the Atlantic. I am 
truly thy friend, John G. Whit- 
tier." 

The above was written to Han- 
nah P. Morris in response to her 
request concerning the "House of 
Industry" for sewing women in 
Philadelphia. At a reception held 
there by its patrons in 1889, a 
visitor said that during Anti- 
Slavery Days John G. Whittier 
occupied a certain room, as it was 
then a dwelling. The building is 
not standing now. H. P. M. 

Our friend, Rendel Harris, 
whose " Last of the Mayflower " 
is noticed elsewhere, is the Chair- 
man of the National Committee 
on the Mayflower Tercentenary 



Celebration of the sailing of the 
vessel. 

Probably few readers of L. Vio- 
let Hodgkin's Swarthmore Lec- 
ture, 1919, have noticed the simi- 
larity of her title and that of an 
early Quaker tract by William 
Britten of Bristol, England (died 
1669), "Silent Meeting a Won- 
der to the World; yet practiced 
by the Apostles and owned by the 
People of God scornfully called 
Quakers. By William Britten. 
London : Printed by Robert Wil- 
son . . . 1660." 4to. 

This tract was reprinted in 1671, 
1675, and in 1851. It did not es- 
cape the watchful eye of William 
C. Braithwaite, for he quotes it in 
his " Beginnings of Quakerism," 
pp. 509, 510. 

L. Violet Hodgkin has a brief 
paper in the Saturday Westmin- 
ster Gazette, February 14, 1920. on 
" Flowering Plants in Old Lon- 
don." 

" The Prince of Brunswick . . . 
arrived at Somerset House last 
Friday evening; at Chelmsford a 
Quaker walked into the room, did 
pull off his hat and said, ' Friend, 
my religion forbids me to fight, 
but I honor those that fight well.' 
The Prince, though he does not 
speak English, understands it 
enough to be pleased with the 
compliment." Horace Walpole, 
Letter to Sir Horace Mann, Jan. 
18, 1764. 

This was Prince Charles Wil- 
liam Ferdinand, Duke of Bruns- 
wick. He married, 1764, Augusta, 
daughter of George II. Their 
daughter was the unfortunate Car- 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



139 



oline who married George, Prince 
of Wales, afterward George IV. 

Horses at Yearly Meeting in 
THE Olden Days. — " At a Yearly 
Meeting for the Western Shore 
of Maryland and the adjacent 
parts of Pennsylvania and Vir- 
ginia, held in Baltimore by ad- 
journment from the 13th of the 
loth Month to the 19th of the 
same inclusive, 1796. The Com- 
mittee having charge of the Pas- 
ture lot for Baltimore Yearly 
Meeting, report, that upwards of 
300 horses have been put into the 
lot, the time of holding this Yearly 
Meeting, & there is likely to be a 
competency of hay & pasture to 
last them to the end of the pres- 
ent week." From the Ms. Minutes. 

Quaker Wit. Alexander For- 
dyce (d. 1789) was a partner in 
the firm of Neale, James, Fordyce 
and Down, who failed disastrously 
June 10, 1772. They carried many 
houses down with them, and many 
lost heavily through them. For- 
dyce absconded. 

While trying to bolster up the 
firm Fordyce went seeking a loan 
to an old Quaker, who said to 
him : " Friend Fordyce, I have 
known several persons ruined by 
two dice ; but I will not be ruined 
by Four Dyce." 

Charles II. and Richard Carver. 
— " Yesterday there was a Friend 
with the King, one that is John 
Grove's mate: he was the man 
that was mate to the master of 
the fisher-boat that carried the 
King away, when he went from 
Worcester fight; and only this 
Friend and the master knew of it 



in the ship : and the Friend car- 
ried him [the King] ashore on 
his shoulders. The King knew 
him again, and was very friendly 
to him ; and told him he remem- 
bered him, and of several things 
that was done in the ship at the 
same time. The Friend told him, 
the reason why he did not come 
forward all this while^ was, — 
that he was satisfied in that he 
had peace and satisfaction in him- 
self, that he did what he did to 
relieve a man in distress : and 
now he desired nothing of him, 
but that he would set Friends at 
liberty, who were great sufferers, 
or to that purpose; and told the 
King he had a pay [supposed to 
be a list] of no that were pre- 
munired, that had lain in prison 
about six years, and none can re- 
lease them but him. So the King 
took the pay, — and said, there 
were many of them, and that they 
would be in again in a month's 
time ; and that the country gentle- 
men complained to him, that they 
were so troubled with the Quak- 
ers. So he said, he would release 
him six ; but the Friend thinks 
to go to him again, for he had 
not fully relieved? himself. "- 



1 Charles II. fled in 1651 and 
this letter is dated i6th of nth 
mo. 1669 (ist mo. i6th 1670, New 
Style). 

- Extract from a letter of Ellis 
Hookcs to Margaret Fell (after- 
wards Margaret Fox ) , 1669. " Let- 
ters of Early Friends," London, 
1S37, pp. 170, 171. See also, In- 
troduction to Graveson's Life of 
Thomas Ellwood, London, 1906; 
and for John Grove, ibid., 227. 



140 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



A Joint Meeting. — The two 
branches of Friends holding their 
meetings respectively on School- 
house Lane ("Hicksite") and 
Coulter Street (Orthodox) came 
together in a joint meeting for 
worship in the Counter Street 
Meeting House on First-day eve- 
ning First month i8th 1920. The 
meeting was well attended by 
Friends of both branches. The 
prevailing feeling at the close of 
the meeting seemed to be that it 
had been good to meet together, 
and the hope was expressed many 
times that such meetings might 
be frequently held. A similar 
meeting was expected to be held 
in the Schoolhouse Lane Meeting 
House at a later date. 

" Quakers Swim Against the 
Stream." — Mr. Sylvanus Bevan, a 
Quaker and a friend of Mr. Mat- 



thew Green, was mentioning at 
Batson's coffee-house, that, while 
he was bathing in the river, a 
waterman saluted him with the 
usual insult of the lower class of 
people, by calling out " A Quaker, 
a Quaker, quirl!" (twirl or twist). 
He at the same time expressed 
his wonder how his profession 
could be known while he was 
without his cloathes. Green im- 
mediately replied that the water- 
man might discover him by his 
swimming against the stream. 1 



1 Matthew Green (1697-1737) 
was an English poet who had 
quite a reputation in i8th century. 
His chief work was a semi-satiric 
poem, "The Spleen." He also 
wrote some " Verses on Reading 
Barclay's Apology." See " Chal- 
mers' British Poets," -XV. 159. 



CORRECTION. 

In the paper in the last number of the Bulletin (nth month, 1919), 
on " Old Milestones about Philadelphia," the author wishes to make the 
following corrections : 

" The boundary stones between Delaware and Maryland are essentially 
the same as those between Maryland and Pennsylvania, being of oolitic 
limestone, with P on one side and M on the other, and the arms of Penn 
and Baltimore on every fifth stone. The only part of the boundary 
marked with stones of gneiss is the west end of the curved line about 
New Castle, Delaware, where it touched the possessions of Lord Balti- 
more. Why this is so I do not know. The gneiss stones came from 
local quarries, the limestones were prepared in England. 

" There are two other corrections of minor importance. Dr. Ash's map 
of Delaware County was not published in 1865, but about fifteen years 
earlier, and the Providence Road was laid out by fourteen commissioners, 
and not five as I said. Finally, the Chester Town-Hall is the oldest City 
Hall in the United States ' in continuous use.' There is an older one in 
Yonkers, New York." (See also correction in Notes and Queries page 
137.) 



i 




4 1 



I. William Peiin stone on Havcr- 

ford Road near City Line. 

3. Lawrence Growden's 13th stone 

on Bensalem Road. 



2. Thomas Xossitcr's stone in 

front of Providence Meeting. 

4. J. stone on Bethlehem Road 

near Ambler. 



Volume 9, No. 2 Eleventh Month ( November), 1919 

Bulletin of 

Friends' Historical Society 

of Philadelphia 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Old Alilestones about Philadelphia, Illustrated 

Joshua L. Baily, Jr. 46 

"The Second Period of Quakerism" . . Allen C. Thomas 62 

Revolutionary Journal of Margaret Morris, II 65 

Visit to John G. Whittier, i860, . . . Lydia Maria Child 76 

Correction 77 

Books of Interest to Friends The Editor "]"] 

Notes and Queries 84 

Communication 88 



Note.— The editor does not hold himself responsible for any statement 
made in contributed articles. 

All communications for the Bulletin shouiil be addressed to Alien C. 
Thomas, Maverford, Pa. 

All dues and subscriptions should be paid to Mary S. Allen, Secretary- 
Treasurer, 24 West Street, Media, Pa. 

Subscriptions, $1.00 per annum. All members receive the Billetin free. 



46 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHIA.^ 

Many of the old roads radiating from the city of Philadelphia 
are guarded by milestones of upwards of a century and a half of 
service. These silent sentinels have seen the conestoga wagons 
of the pioneers migrating toward the sunset ; the pillion saddles 
and sedan chairs of the revolutionary period ; the intercity stage- 
coaches that preceded the railroads ; the trolley cars, bicycles, and 
automobiles of the present day ; and one of them, perhaps the 
oldest of all, daily sees the mail-carrying aeroplane break its jour- 
ney between the metropolis and the capital. 

The critical date in milestone history is 1796, when the Phila- 
delphia and Lancaster Turnpike, the first in America, was opened 
for traffic. In accordance with the stipulations of its charter, this 
company placed milestones for use in computing toll along its 
course. This provision was made in the charters of nearly all 
subsequent turnpike companies until 1859. These stones indi- 
cated the distance from the city limits, that being where the turn- 
pike began, and so they can be distinguished from all earlier 
stones which measured from the old courthouse on Market Street 
between Front and Second Streets. Another point of difference 
is that the earlier stones were taken from local quarries, and in 
some instances were placed by private enterprise, so that they 
differ among themselves in size, shape, lettering, and material, 
while the turnpike stones are almost entirely of marble, a sub- 
stance which came into use for the purpose with the turnpikes. 

In this article the various roads will be considered in geograph- 
ical order, taking up first those north of the city. 

The Point-No-Point Road. 

This is the old Shackamaxon road taken by William Penn and 
the Indians when they went out to the Elm tree to sign the treaty. 
It is now known as Richmond Avenue. There are two mile- 

1 In the preparation of this article acknowledgment of assistance is due 
to F. H. Shelton, F. Perry Powers, Anthony M. Hance, Dr. Herman 
Burgin, Chas. F. Jenkins, and John R. Davies. 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHIA. 



47 



stones on it, numbered 4 and 5. The first stands near the corner 
of Venango Street. During the revolution,two American officers, 
John Laurens and Charles Lee, fought a duel over language used 
by the latter in speaking of George Washington. Both parties 
expressed satisfaction with the result, but Alexander Hamilton, 
Laurens' second, felt called upon to explain how honor could be 
satisfied without any shedding of blood, and wrote a long account 
of the afifair, in which he states that it took place in the woods 
near the fourth milestone on the Point-no-point road. It is grati- 
fying to read that both parties behaved like gentlemen. 

The stone is very roughly hewn, and so covered with soot that 
it is difficult to identify its material. It bears no legend other than 
the numeral. 

The Bristol Road. 

The Philadelphia, Bristol, and Morrisville Turnpike was opened 
in 1804. It began at Front Street and Germantown Road, then 
the city limits. The milestones now on the road measure from 
this point, and are typical turnpike stones of Pennsylvania marble. 
They are marked with the numeral and the letters M T arranged 
vertically. The M stands for miles, but the meaning of the T is 
obscure. These are not the original stones on this road, how- 
ever. As early as 1764 the Philadelphia Contributionship^ had 
erected a series of milestones on this same course, as described 
in the following minute of that organization : 

May i6th 1764: Peter Reeve, Joseph Saunders, and Thomas Wharton, 
who were requested by the Board of Directors to apply the fines arising 
from non-attendance of the directors since the year 1761 in purchasing 
milestones, made the following report, viz : 

" We the Subscribers beg leave to Report to the Directors of the Fire 
Insurance Office, that, agreeable to their Request 'that we would procure 
a sufficient Number of Milestones and fix them on the Road leading to 
Trenton Ferry and apply to such persons as would be capable of Measur- 
ing the Distance and placing them properly,' That you would pay the Cost 
and expense thereof out of the Fines that were paid by the Directors for 
Non Attendance since the year 1761. 

- This is the oldest fire insurance company in the world. Its insignia 
bears four hands, each clasping the next by the wrist, whence the popular 
name, " The Hand in Hand." 





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Ro^a 


TJea.4. 


"g-O^^.^. 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHIA. 



49 



" We procured the Stones, and apply'd to John Lukins, Surveyor Gen- 
eral, Philip Syng, Jacob Lewis, and Thomas Gordon, Gentn. to join us in 
measuring the Distance from Philadelphia, to the Edge of the River at 
the Ferry leading to Trenton, who Cheerfully undertook the Serving, and 
on the 15th Instant at 5 o Clo. in the Morning we began to Measure from 
the Middle of Market Street in Front Street, and at the Distance of each 
Mile, affix'd or planted a Stone marked with the proper Characters to 
describe the Distance from this City, and when arrived at the Ferry found 
it to be 29 Miles & 24 Chains to the edge of the River, having passed thro' 
the New Road leading thro' Pennsburg Manner, as it is the most direct 
and likely to be used, the distance being short'ned more than One mile. 

" The cost of the Stones, with the expence attending the planting them 
amounts to Thirty three ponds Seven shillings, and five pence, We having 
purchased two More Stones than was necessary, being numb. 30 & 31 Gave 
them to Nathl. Parker who promised to fix them on the Road leading to 
New York." 

These old stones have all disappeared. One formerly stood at 
943 North Front Street, and read, " i M to P."^ The two in 
Trenton were removed when the street was widened, and the rest 
were doubtless thrown out by the turnpike company when the 
later stones were placed. 

The founder and leading spirit of the Contributionship was 
Benjamin Franklin. In 1767 he visited New England and while 
there stones were placed on the old Post Road leading from Bos- 
ton into Connecticut. Local tradition connects Franklin's name 
with these milestones and also states that it was his intention to 
erect stones all the way to Charleston, S. C. In an effort to run 
out this tradition several years ago Mr. F. Perry Powers visited 
several libraries in New England but was unable to uncover any 
documentary evidence in support of it. 

The Bustleton Road. 

This road branches off of the left side of the Bristol Road at 
Frankford, above the five-milestone of the pike series on the 
latter. The Bustleton and Smithfield Turnpike was incorporated 
at about the same time as the Bristol Pike with the same Board 
of Directors. The stones on this road are essentially the same as 

3 Watson's Annals of Philadelphia, Vol. IIL 



50 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

those on the Bristol Pike even to the M T after the numeral. 
Clearly the T cannot be the initial of the starting point, as both 
sets of stones have it and the two pikes start more than five miles 
apart. The numerals on the Bustleton Pike stones indicate the 
distance to Frankford. Probably it stands for Terminus or 
Turnpike. 

Like the Bristol Road, the Bustleton Road also had a set of 
milestones antedating the turnpike. These were erected by Law- 
rence Growden on the road from Philadelphia to his country 
estate "Trevose" at Byberry.* The first Lawrence Growden 
came to Pennsylvania at a very early period and settled at By- 
berry, which is older than Philadelphia. The estate descended to 
the oldest son, and was purchased in 1731 by the second Lawrence 
Growden at a sherifif's sale. In 1732 he was appointed by the 
Penn estate to be one of the commissioners to run the Maryland 
boundary. Later in life he wrote an exhaustive exegetical treatise 
on the Book of Revelation. He died at Trevose in 1770. The 
time when the stones were planted cannot be fixed with any cer- 
tainty. Three of them are still standing, owing to the fact that 
the pike does not follow the line of the old road beyond Bustleton, 
but turns to the west by way of Somerton, while the old road 
follows the Bensalem Pike to Byberry. The thirteenth stone 
stood at the corner of Red Lion Road, but has recently been 
broken off by an auto-truck. The fragment inscribed "13 M to 
P " is propped up against a telephone pole. Some public-spirited 
organization ought to have it set in a concrete base in place, as it 
is probably the oldest milestone about Philadelphia. 

The Oxford Road. 

A short distance west of Frankford is Trinity Church, Oxford, 
with perhaps the most turbulent history of any house of worship 
in the state. Originally an Orthodox Friends' Meeting house it 
became involved in the Keithian schism and withdrew from the 
Yearly Meeting. But when George Keith returned from Eng- 
land as an ordained clergyman to found Christ Church his con- 

* Martindale's History of Byberry and Morcland Townships. 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHIA. 



51 



gregation could follow him no further and became a separate 
body calling themselves Christian Quakers and Friends.^ Subse- 
quently they became associated with the Seventh Day Baptists, 
the descendants of the Pietists of the Wissahickon. In about 
1720 a lawsuit awarded the property to the Episcopal Church and 
the Baptists withdrew to found the Cloister at Ephrata." 

The Oxford Road, from Frankford to Fox Chase, runs in front 
of the old church. On John Hill's circular map of ten miles 
radius about Philadelphia two stones numbered 7 and 8 are 
shown on this road, above and below the church. They indicate 
the distance from Market Street. No stones of this series are 
now standing as far as I know. 

The Second Street Pike. 
The road past the back of Oxford Church was originally 
known as Rising Sun Lane, later as the Oxford and Fox Chase 
Turnpike, and the Second Street Pike. It and the Oxford Road 
come together just above the church. There is only one stone on 
it so far as I know, south of Fox Chase, that reads " 7 M TO " 
the rest of the inscription being below ground. It is of no special 
interest, as the pike is of a very late date. 

The Old York Road. 
The first mention of milestones on the York Road occurs in an 
order given by General Washington at Pennypacker's Mills^ to 
General Smallwood at Whitemarsh on the eve of the Battle of 
Germantown. The latter was instructed to leave Whitemarsh 
Church by the " left hand road^ which leads to Jenkins tavern on 
the Old York Road below Armitage's, beyond the 7 milestone, 
half a mile from which a road turns ofT short to the right hand 
fenced on both sides, which leads through the enemy's encamp- 
ment to Germantown Market House."" 

5 A. C. Thomas' History of Friends iti America, 1905, p. 98. 

" Dr. Julius Sachse's The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. 

'' Schwenksvillc. 

8 The Church Road. St. Tliomas' Churcli, Wliitcmarsh, oriiiiiiated as a 
mission of Trinity Church, Oxford, and the rector opened this road for 
communication hetween his charges. 

» The Pennsylvania Magazine, Vol. I, p. 376. 



52 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



This seven-milestone is still standing on the Old York Road in 
the parapet of a stone bridge between the three- and four-mile- 
stones of the present turnpike series. The Cheltenham and Wil- 
low Grove Turnpike was incorporated in 1803. It began at 
Rising Sun, which is something over three miles from Market 
Street. The stones are marked with two sets of distances, c. g., 
"4 to RS 6 to P." Some distance north of the Neshaminy are 
three stones marked 23, 24, and 25 M to Ph. These may belong 
to the original set, though they differ in size and material from 
the seven-milestone described above. They have rounded tops, 
but the radius of the curve is so short in proportion to the width 
of the stone that a square shoulder subtends each extremity of 
the curve. This pattern is characteristic of several series erected 
about 1769. 

The Philadelphia and Easton Road. 
This important tributary of the Old York Road runs from 
Willow Grove to Easton by way of Doylestown. The milestones 
on the lower half have been obliterated by the Doylestown Pike, 
and the stones of the pike company have been disturbed by the 
traction company. But above Dolyestown some of the old stones 
are still standing, one of which near Danboro reads " 28 M to P 
99" the last two figures indicating the year 1799. 

The Limekiln Road. 

This road runs from the Old York Road near the three-mile- 
stone on the latter to Chalfont via Glenside. The only milestone 
on it I know of is at the corner of Church Road near Wyncote 
and it reads " 10 MILE TO PH 1793." The pike dates from 
about 1850. 

The Germantown Road. 

Even apart from its revolutionary associations the Germantown 
Road will always be one of the historic highways of America. 
The home of Gilbert Stuart — the house where Louisa May Alcott 
was born — the place where Germantown wagons were first made 
— the home of Christopher Sauer the printer who cast his own 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHIA. 53 

type and printed the first Bible in America — ^the studio of Thomas 
Hovenden — the house where David Rittenhouse and Benjamin 
FrankHn observed the transit of Venus in 1769 — the Norriton 
Church built in 1698 and therefore the second oldest house of 
worship in the state — Methacten Meeting house with the grave 
of the younger Christopher Sower, the conscientious objector 
who was abducted by revolutionary soldiers and marched from 
Germantown to Valley Forge in his night clothes before break- 
fast — all these contribute to the interest of the road.^" 

The milestones begin with 5, east of Chelten Avenue, and end 
with 24 at the Perkiomen. All are in place but the i ith, they were 
placed in 1801 by the Germantown and Perkiomen Turnpike 
Company, which began at Third and Vine Streets and ran north 
on Third to Germantown Road. In 1840 the city annexed con- 
siderable territory north of Vine Street which had previously 
been the boundary, and the stones were recut to read one mile 
less. In John Melish's map of 1817 the stones are shown in their 
present position but the present 5 is called 6, and the present 24 
is marked 25. For no apparent reason the stones up to and in- 
cluding 10 differ in lettering from those from 12 on. Both have 
the numeral and " to P " but the western ones are much more 
ornamental and the figures are larger. 

But before the turnpike there were other stones on this course. 
The act of incorporation refers to the ten-milestone on Chestnut 
Hill. This is just ten miles from the courthouse, which is half a 
mile south of Vine Street. Chestnut Hill is half way between the 
present eight- and nine-milestones. The earlier stones are men- 
tioned by several writers,^^ but there is no trace of what they 
were like. 

The Bethlehem Ro.\d. 

The name Bethlehem Pike is a misnomer, as there never was a 
turnpike company operating over the entire distance between 
Philadelphia and Bethlehem. Beyond Chestnut Hill the Chestnut 
Hill and Springhouse Turnpike Company covered the first eight 

1" John T. Paris' Old Roads Leading out of Philadelphia. 
11 General Wilkinson's Memoirs. Justin Winsor's Narrative and Crit- 
ical History. 



54 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

miles or so, and then other short pikes were linked together the 
rest of the way. The stones of the Springhouse pike are of 
marble with two distances indicated. The first stone reads " 10^2 
M to P I to C.H." The second distance is underground on most 
stones. The distance to Philadelphia is to Vine Street, which 
indicates that the pike was incorporated prior to the recutting of 
the Germantown Pike stones. 

There is one odd stone on the Bethlehem Road south of Ambler 
that differs from all stones so far considered in being red sand- 
stone and in the use of J for i. Thus it reads " J768. J5 M to P." 
This distance is from the courthouse and this stone may be one 
of the original Germantown Road stones. 

There are other turnpike stones north of Springhouse. 

The North Wales Road. 

The first three stones on the road form Springhouse to North 
Wales are numbered 17, 18, and 19. They measure the distance 
from the point that the Germantown Pike stones do, indicating 
that this pike dates from not earlier than 1840. The fact that 
the three stones show no resemblance whatever to each other 
seems to indicate that the Springhouse and Sumneytown Pike set 
whatever old stones were available instead of making new ones. 
The 19 is of the square shoulder pattern already mentioned and 
the 18 is similar to the J stone at Ambler. In a revolutionary 
document an American officer states that after the Battle of Ger- 
mantown some of the wounded were taken to an improvised hos- 
pital in the Friends' Meeting House near the 20th milestone on 
the North Wales Road.^- The records of Gwynedd Meeting 
show that the building used for this purpose stood at the same 
point as the present Meeting house, which is near the 18 stone, 
which fact implies that the 18 stone does not occupy its original 
position. 

The Skippack Road. 

This road was opened in 17 14 from Whitemarsh to Penny- 
packer's Mills by an ancestor of the late ex-governor. It was 

1- Anthony M. Hance's Historic Whitonarsh. 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHIA. 55 

subsequently extended to Boyertown and Reading, and a branch 
from Skippack northward was later added, which became the 
main road from Philadelphia to New York and New England. 
Shortly west of Broad Axe is an old tombstone in a corn field 
erected to the memory of Ann Bate who died in 171 5. The stone 
is ornamented with the head and wings of an angel, and a long 
piece of versification has been nearly obliterated by time. There 
are no other graves near, and one is at a loss to understand how 
this one came to be where it is. 

The stones on this road begin with 15. They are of red sand- 
stone and have the J for i. Three of them are dated — the 15th 
1768, the 27th north of Skippack 1769, and the 34th west of the 
Perkiomen 177, the last figure being broken ofif. The i8th was 
formerly marked 81, and a recent recutting has obliterated the J. 
The 2ist is marked " 2J M to P" consistently with others of 
the set. 

For one day after the evacuation of Philadelphia, Penny- 
packer's Mills was the capital of the United States. Washing- 
ton's Headquarters were in the old Pennypacker homestead, now 
nearly 200 years old. It was over the Skippack Road that the 
Continental army marched on its way to Germantown. 

The Ridge Road. 

On August I2th, 1768, Jacob Hiltzheimer wrote in his diary: 

"Went up the Wissahockon Road to set milestones. Dined at Leberon's 
with Hugh Roberts, Pearson Smith, Edward Mihier, and John Lukens, 
Sr. and afterwards, a little bcj-ond his home, we placed the XIII stone." 

About a decade later Lafayette marched past this stone on his 
way from Swedesford to reinforce the American army near Ger- 
mantown.^^ A map made by his engineers shows the nth stone 
in place just south of St. Peter's Church, Barren Hill. In 181 1 
these stones were taken up by the Ridge Turnpike Company and 
a new set, measuring from the city limits at 9th and Vine Streets 
set up. The pike company, however, seems to have salvaged as 

^3 Charlemagne Tower's The Marquis Lafayette in the American Revo- 
lution. 



56 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

many as possible of the old stones and set them in new positions, 
as there are two distinct types on this course. For instance, the 
nth stone mentioned above is now north of the church, is of 
sandstone, square shoulder pattern, marked with numerals but no 
further legend. The 12th stone is a typical turnpike stone of 
marble with round top and square edges, and reads " 12 M to P." 
All of the sandstones have been whitewashed and the inscription 
repainted. 

The Ridge Road and the Germantown Road come together east 
of the Perkiomen. At this point there is a stone on the Ridge 
Road marked "23^^ to P." It does not belong to either Ridge 
Road type. It resembles the Germantown Pike stones but can 
not belong to that series as the 24th stone of the Germantown 
Pike is across the road. It was probably placed by that pike to 
make it clear that the 24 stone refers to the Germantown route. 

The Gulph Road. 

The Gulph Road is the oldest road between Philadelphia and 
Lancaster still open throughout its entire course. Leaving the 
Old Lancaster Road just west of the eighth milestone, it follows 
the general course of Mill Creek past the mill of John Roberts, 
whose convictions concerning warfare cost him his life during 
the revolution. Beyond is Harriton, built in 1704, where Charles 
Thomson, first congressional secretary, made the first complete 
English translation of the Greek Septuagint. Thence it runs to 
the Gulph, crossing the longest diabase dyke in the world, ac- 
cording to Dr. Henry Carvill Lewis, and by way of Valley Forge 
to Moore Hall,^* where it divides, one fork going to Potts' Grove 
and Reading, the other to Lancaster via French Creek Falls. 

The old iron foundry at Coventry was at one time operated by 
Mordecai Lincoln, great-grandfather of the president, and many 
revolutionary cannon were cast here. Anyone who has ever 
driven through a triassic shale road axle-deep with chocolate 
colored mud can perhaps appreciate the experience of the double- 
spanned teams that dragged these armaments over the Gulph 
Road to Philadelphia before the days of McAdam and Telford, 

1* Phoenixville. 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHIA. 57 

The stones on this road are of great interest. They are roughly- 
hewn out of a fine-grained gneiss of dark color, not dressed at 
all except that some have a square panel out in the face to receive 
the numeral. The characteristic feature of these stones is on the 
back, where the shield and three balls of the Penn Arms is en- 
graved. The first one is the 9, and being a mile from the 8 on 
the Old Lancaster Road they continue that run. The last is the 
18, beyond the King of Prussia. 

The Old Lancaster Road. 

In William Penn's correspondence he states his intention to 
build a city on the Susquehanna " in the most convenient place 
for communication with the plantations on the east, which by land 
is as good as done already. "^^ He probably referred to the Great 
Conestoga Road, whose western terminus was Pequea, the first 
settlement by Europeans on the Susquehanna. Lancaster was not 
yet founded.^*' 

The course of this old road cannot now be identified, but it 
probably included part of the Old Lancaster Road, opened in 
1744, which can still be traced except for a few stretches aban- 
doned or obliterated by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The first 
milestone now standing is the 6 at Wynnefield Avenue and 54th 
Street, which bears a plate stating that it marks the course of the 
Blockley and Merion Turnpike opened in 1690. This is very mis- 
leading as there were no turnpikes in America prior to 1796. 
There can be no doubt that the road is a very old one, as along its 
course are the homesteads of the Wynne and Owen families dat- 
ing from 1690 and 1695 ; Merion Meeting, the oldest house of 
worship in the state, 1695; the second oldest hotel in the state, 
the General Wayne, 1704; the Buck Inn, 1735; and Radnor 
Meeting, 1718. But the milestones belong to a later date. The 
i6th near StrafTord is dated 1769. These stones are of the square 
shoulder pattern like those on the Ridge Road, the Skippack 
Road, and the Bethlehem Road, and being placed at the same 
time were probably the work of the same agency. 

15 Hazard's Register of Pen}\sylvania. 

i« Charles I. Landis' The First Loin/ Turnpike in Ameriea. 



58 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

The Lancaster Turnpike. 

The first turnpike in America was opened in 1796 between 
Philadelphia and Lancaster. The former was the largest city in 
America at that time and the latter was the largest inland town. 
All traffic from the west came either by the Great Lakes or the 
Ohio River, and then by portages to the Susquehanna, being con- 
centrated in Lancaster County. Li addition all traffic from the 
south came through Lancaster, as there was no bridge or ferry 
south of the county. When Elizabeth Drinker went to Virginia 
to see her husband, exiled because a conscientious objector, she 
went by way of Lancaster, as did Dr. Schoepf , in his " Travels 
Through the Confederacy." But this was before the turnpike 
was built. Shortly after it was incorporated the yellow fever 
epidemic broke out and New York surpassed Philadelphia in 
population, and the opening of the Erie Canal permanently di- 
verted western traffic from Philadelphia. 

The milestones are of carefully dressed marble, and set the 
fashion for the stones of all subsequent pikes. They measure 
from the Market Street bridge, which accounts for the 14th stone 
of this series being west of the i6th stone of the Old Lancaster 
Road. 

The Old Haverford Road. 

The Haverford Road was opened at a very early date. It began 
at about 20th and Vine Streets and ran in a northwesterly direc- 
tion to the Schuylkill, which it crossed on the first suspension 
bridge in the United States. Just outside of the city limits is a 
large rock from which Rebecca Wood is said to have mounted 
William Penn's horse when he gave her a lift on the way to 
Haverford Meeting. The Pont Reading house of uncertain 
date, and the Llewellyn house, known as Castle Br'th where Wil- 
liam Penn was seen at prayer^^ and whose date stone announces 
that it was built in 1699, testify to age of this road. There was 
formerly a stone since removed to the Haverford Campus nearby 
that read "MD LL 1683." The letters stand for Morris and 

1" Philip C. Garrett's History of Haverford College. 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHIA. 59 

David Llewellyn, the former being William Penn's Deputy Sur- 
veyor/^ 

The milestones on this road have been hit pretty hard by the 
souvenir hunter. One is in the basement of the Historical Society 
of Pennsylvania, one is underground owing to a change in grad- 
ing, two adorn private lawns, and only three remain on the road. 
One of these is on Haverford College property. These stones are 
similar to the Gulph Road stones in bearing the insignia of the 
Penn family. 

The origin of these stones is wrapped in mystery. Watson, the 
annalist, assigns them to the Mutual Assurance Company. But 
that company was not founded until 1784,^* while one of the 
Gulph stones is dated 1770. Circumstantial evidence would in- 
volve them with the boundary stones between the domains of 
Penn and Lord Baltimore, for the stones marking the western 
boundary of Delaware are almost identical. They were placed 
by Mason and Dixon in 1765. The stones on the southern bound- 
ary of Pennsylvania are altogether different. 

The Haverford and Darry Road. 

This road is also known as the Coopertow^n Road. There is 
only one milestone on it, and that one is west of Grassland. It is 
one of the Penn Arm stones, numbered 10, and stands just one 
mile west of the number 9 on the Haverford Road, so it must be 
considered a tributary of that system. The road between the two 
runs past the old Haverford Meeting house built in 1700, the 
second oldest Friends Meeting house in the state, but the road is 
perhaps even older, and may have been originally laid out by the 
Dutch East India Company. 

The Philadelphia and Strasburg Road. 
This road dates from about 1770, but its original course is hard 
to trace. Following the course of the present Westchester Pike 
to the vicinity of Darby Creek, it made its way via the grounds 

18 Thomas Allen Glenn's Mcrion in the Welsh Tract. 

1" The Contributionship did not insure houses with trees. Hence the 
later company was organized for the purpose and adopted a tree for its 
iiisiiJiiia. 



60 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

of the Radnor Hunt Club to Old Newtown Square, where Wil- 
liam Penn intended to build the first town west of Philadelphia. 
The Meeting House at this point was built in 171 1. Thence it 
made its way via the Boot and Downingtown to the Gap and 
Strasburg. Subsequently it was rerouted to pass through West- 
chester, and still later Castle Rock, the scene of the capture of 
James Fitzpatrick, the original of Sandy Flash in Bayard Taylor's 
" Story of Kennett." 

The Turnpike Company was incorporated in 1848 and never 
extended west of Newtown Square. The stones were standing 
in 1807 according to Hill's map already quoted, and in their 
present position, which is somewhat remarkable as they measure 
from 32d street, where the turnpike began forty years later. 
They extend well beyond Westchester, and probably all the way 
to Strasburg. They are of Leiperville granite. 

The Garrett Road. 

There was formerly a six-milestone on this road near Garrett- 
f ord. The distance would apply to 32d street. It is said that this 
stone was placed by Dr. Joshua Ash, who surveyed Delaware 
County in 1865, pushing his surveying outfit ahead of him in a 
wheelbarrow as he worked. His map has been the basis of all 
maps made since, but there is no apparent reason why he should 
be connected with this stone. 

The Baltimore Pike. 

The Philadelphia, Brandywine, and New London Turnpike 
Company was incorporated in 181 1 to operate on this road, but it 
never materialized and no toll gates or milestones were ever set 
up.-" The only stone on the course is at Clifton, east of the 
tracks, and reads " 6 M TO P." As it is not shown on Ash's 
map, and as Dr. Ash was a most painstaking man, the inference 
is that it was erected since 1865. 



20 F. H. Shelton in the Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of 
Science, 1915. 



THE OLD MILESTONES ABOUT PHILADELPHL'\. 6i 

The Road to Newcastle. 

This is the oldest road leading out of the city in any direction. 
It was used by the Swedes in going from their capital at Chris- 
tina-^ to the settlements at Tinicum and Weccacoe. The oldest 
city in the state, Chester, is on its course. Yet there was never a 
turnpike on it until after the date when turnpikes stopped setting 
milestones. There is a minute of the Contributionship referring 
to the setting up of stones on this road, but apparently the stones 
now on the road belong to another series. They measure from 
the courthouse, but only a few are standing. The seven-milestone 
in Colwyn is altogether different from the rest and may be an 
interpolation. The 9th and 15th (the latter in front of the town 
hall in Chester, which is the oldest municipal building in the 
United States) are against stone walls, the i6th is without, and 
the 19th and 20th in Marcus Hook, with the Penn Arms. All 
have "M to P" after the numerals. The 21st has been broken 
off, but the stump still stands near Claymont, and the rest of the 
stones to the south have been replaced by modern ones. 

The Providenxe Road. 

The milestones on this road do not properly belong to this 
article as they measure the distance not from Philadelphia but 
from Chester. Their great age makes them of interest however. 
Of the original five, the first and third have disappeared, the 
third being replaced. But the other three are standing and dis- 
play great originality. The most interesting is the fifth in front 
of Providence Meeting, Media, for it bears the date 1705. If 
this is correct, and there seems to be no good reason why it is 
not, this is the oldest milestone in the United States. There is 
one near Boston dated 1706. The Providence road was laid out 
in 1684 by five commissioners who met at the home of Thomas 
Nossiter, and as the stone bears the initials T N as well as the 
date and the numeral, the proof of its age seems to me at least 
to be conclusive, although there are some who think that the top 
of the stone is broken off and the date should read 1765. This 
would leave no satisfactory explanation of the initials. 

21 Wilmington. 



62 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

With these we shall take leave of the milestones, at least for 
the present. There is still much room for investigation, however, 
and I will always be interested to hear anything from those to 
whom the subject may appeal. If this article shall have been in- 
strumental in preserving any of these links with the past, I shall 
consider my object fully attained. 

Joshua L. Baily, Jr. 
2650 Second Street, San Diego, Calif. 8. 17. 19. 



THE SECOND PERIOD OF QUAKERISM.^ 

" The present volume is a sequel to The Beginnings of Quaker- 
ism, published in 191 2, and completes, after fourteen years, my 
contribution to the History of Quakerism projected by my friend, 
the late John Wilhelm Rowntree." Such are the opening words 
of William C. Braithwaite in the Preface to his new work. The 
Second Period of Quakerism. This work is of the same scholarly, 
thorough character as the one which preceded it, and all students 
of Quaker History owe an inestimable debt of gratitude to the 
author. The book is simply indispensable for the right study 
and clear understanding of the Quaker movement, and is not 
likely ever to be superseded any more than Sewel's and Besse's 
great works. 

The period covered, 1660-1725, has never been adequately 
treated before, and a flood of light is now thrown on this dif- 
ficult period — difficult to any church body — the period of or- 
ganization. It has not the spirit of adventure, so conspicuous in 
the early days, nor that abandon characteristic of earnest re- 
formers in a comparatively new field ; moreover, "outward or- 
ganization tends to lessen inward inspiration " ; therefore, from 
many points of view such a period lacks a compelling interest. 
Notwithstanding this, the author has given us a remarkably inter- 
esting work, and has successfully piloted his way through many 

1 The Second Period of Quakerism, by William C. Braithwaite, B.A., 
LL.B. With Introduction by Rufus M. Jones, M.A., D.Litt. Macmillan 
and Co., Limited, London. sVz X 8^ in., pp. xlvii, 668. 15s. $5.50. 



THE SECOND PERIOD OF QUAKERISM. 63 

shoals, past many rocks and distracting eddies. George Fox as 
an organizer is clearly set forth and his work wisely estimated. 
There is not space to dwell on special topics, but nowhere is 
there a clearer statement of the persecutions or a fairer judg- 
ment regarding them (chapters II-IV). The chapter on "Edu- 
cation and the Ministry" (XIX) is illuminating and dissipates 
much that was misty and cloudy ; " The Quaker Way of Life " 
(XVIII) throws much light on social life and the question of 
" plain dress." Perhaps as fresh to most readers as anything in 
the book will be the careful study (pages 571-594) of John 
Bellers (1654-1725), "by far the greatest of the early Quaker 
Social Reformers." But no subject of importance is overlooked. 
Like the former volume, the style is excellent, rising at times into 
eloquence and beauty. The concluding chapter is specially so 
marked. Take one of the closing paragraphs : 

" Days of fresh daring and dedication are before us, in whicli, with 
Dewsbury, we may glad our hearts in the unlimited power of God ; and, 
with Fox, know all things new ; and the creation giving us another smell 
than before, beyond what words can utter. Then will walls of partition 
crumble down and no longer hold us from wider fellowships and our 
rekindled mission. We shall welcome poverty and the scorn of the w-orld, 
if they bring us nearer to our fellow-men and the heart of the Divine pur- 
pose. Our social service will be given alongside the needs of humanity; 
and we shall think first not of self nor of our Society but of the Kingdom 
and its righteousness. We shall find in every face some feature of the 
Divine love, and in the lowliest service some sacrament of grace. The 
radiant joy of our worship will overflow into the manifold tasks of the 
day's work and will turn each fresh duty laid upon us into a glad adven- 
ture. Our Captain will take us through uncharted seas in the service of 
Ilis Kingdom; but as the Church trusts her helm to Him she will hold a 
true course and outride every storm." (Pages 645, 646.) 

The " Introduction " by Rufus M. Jones deserves, says Wil- 
liam C. Braithwaite in the Preface, "close study in amplification 
of some of my later chapters." No doubt some readers will be 
inclined to dissent from the analysis of Robert Barclay and his 
" Apology " which is given both in the " Introduction " and in the 
book itself. But those familiar with the theology of Barclay's 
(la>-, know how greatly Barclay was influenced by his theological 
training, and that the "Apology" itself, closely following the line 



64 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

of thought of the Westminster Confession and the Shorter Cate- 
chism, is an attempt to express Quaker tenets in the theological 
language and form of the time, and to show that they were in 
accord with the essentials of the Christian faith. At the same 
time Barclay could not escape from his early Calvinistic training 
in regard to " the innate depravity of human nature," and this 
dogma is continually appearing or is seen in the background. 
Yet Barclay firmly holds " the conviction, grounded in his own 
living experience, of the inwardness of religion as the power of 
a universal and saving Divine life incarnated in Jesus, but, in a 
measure, a living gift of God seeking out all men." " The per- 
manent value of the ' Apology,' " says William Braithwaite, " lies 
... in the sureness of emphasis with which ... he is contin- 
ually asserting that religion is an inward spiritual life received 
from God and transforming human nature " (page 388). 

The " Apology " becoming in later years a great authority on 
matters of Quaker doctrine, even to the partial displacement of 
Fox himself, this dualism of statement, mentioned above, led to 
much misunderstanding and subsequent trouble. The teaching 
of the book so exalted Quietism that it was one of the causes why 
the Friends lost their early spirit of adventure and outreaching 
and became that isolated body whose main concern seemed to be 
the conservation of " our testimonies," not realizing that while 
the one was rightly done, the other shovild not have been left 
undone. 

Too often, Friends, as well as others, have failed to recognize 
that while truth is unchangeable the method of presenting truth 
changes with changed conditions. Men will no longer bear with 
two and three hour sermons which their forefathers delighted in. 
The elaborate treatises which the Church of the fourth and fifth 
centuries enjoyed are forgotten now except by students, and the 
polemic discourses of the seventeenth and early eighteenth cen- 
turies stand untouched upon the shelves of the great libraries. 
So with much of the Quaker literature of the early days. In one 
collection of seventeenth century tracts numbering about 1500 
separate titles, scarcely twenty-five are known even by name to 
the Quaker of to-day. So Barclay's "Catechism" and " Apol- 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 65 

ogy." John Crook's "Truths' Principles," Bates's "Doctrines," 
Evans's " Exposition," and Gurney's " Observations," valuable 
as they were in their time, do not reach the seeker of to-day. 
Twentieth century men and women seek twentieth century pres- 
entation.- That this is true, one need only consult the lists of 
Quaker booksellers. More fresh and able presentations of 
Quaker teaching have appeared during the past twenty years than 
in the previous seventy-five or possibly a hundred. The Series, 
of which the volume under review is one, is itself a testimony to 
this fact. May all new works be as faithful to the essentials of 
Quakerism as this. 

Allen C. Thomas. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS 
OF BURLINGTON, NEW JERSEY. II. 

Dec. 19, 1776. A man was met on the road, with a white rag 
tied to a stick, supposed to represent a flag, but whence he came 
or where he was going, the wisest head on the bank (J. V.)-^ 
cannot conjecture. A report prevails that General Putnam with 
1000 men are on their march — this puts all into motion at Holly. 
The Hessians retire to the Black Horse. Not one gondola man 
ashore all this day ; we may burn a candle all night and sleep 
secure. This evening received a letter from Dr. C. M.-- inviting 
me to move into his neighborhood, but my mind is easiest while 
I conclude to abide where Providence has cast my lot — He has 
preserved us in great dangers, and I dare not distrust his future 
care. A letter from the brother-'' and friend of my heart, gives 
me hope of his return ; his advice must determine my future 
movements, if I remove, a friend in need is a friend indeed. 

- These facts are also illustrated by the periodic revisions of Yearly 
Meeting Disciplines. In no case have the fundamentals been altered ; 
changes and additions have been almost if not always those of clearer 
statement, additional aspects, and in practice better adapted to changed 
conditions. 

21 James Veree. 

22 Charles Moore. 

23 George Dillwyn, the inisl)an(l of her sister Sarah; he was in England. 



66 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Dec. 20. A snow-storm last night has ahnost stopped the navi- 
gation, and sent our guarda-costas out of sight down the river; 
surely this will be a quiet day — methinks I will call for my work- 
basket, and set myself to sewing — but hark ! a rap at the door — 
that face (J. V.) is full of intelligence. " Well, what news, neigh- 
bor?" "Oh, bless me! great news indeed! why, ha'nt you heard 
it?" " No, we have seen nobody from town to-day; do tell us." 
" Why the Hessians are actually just here ; Master P., W. D., 
&c., &c., are all gone out to see what they can do." "Well! and 
will they bring them all into town? I'm sure we are but poorly 
provided for just now for a great deal of company." J. V. still 
goes on — " Oh ! Ah ! you will have enough of them ; I expect to 
have my house full ! I saw a man from Holly, yesterday, who 
says he saw fifty of the light-horse, all very fine English horses — 
oh, it was a terrible sight to see how they all foamed at the mouth 
and pranced — and fifty Hessians all quartered at Holly ; but 
Putnam is surely coming with 1500 men." "Well, but neighbor, 
I should suppose it was a very fine sight to see so many fine 
horses together, and prancing." " Oh no, bless my spirits ! it is a 
terrible sight to see how they foamed at the mouth ! " " Well, we 
shall hear by and by what the ambassadors have done — I hope 
they won't come in to-night with the Hessians, for I am quite 
unprovided to entertain company." (Observe, Patty, it was I 
that was in such a fidget and not provided for company.) " Whip 
the fellows, I got supper enough for twenty of them the first 
night of the alarm, and I'm resolved I'll trouble myself no more 
about them till I see some of them in earnest." 17 Hessians in 
town to-day, and we were told the Recorder was desired to pre- 
pare a dinner for about 5000 men ; a friend from town called in 
about 4 o'clock, and told us they were all a-coming. We asked if 
he had seen them? no! but he heard they were just here. We 
asked him how we, at this distance from town, should know of 
their coming; they might pop upon us here, and scare us out of 
our wits, as we had no man in the house. He said, " Oh. you 
will know of it fast enough, I warrant — why the noise of the 
cannon and the wagons will be heard at a great distance, and I 
advise you to make good use of your time till they do come, and 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 67 

put all things of gold and silver out of their way, and linen too, 
or you will lose it." I said they pillaged none but rebels, and we 
were not such ; we had had taken no part against them, &c. But 
that signified nothing; we should lose all, &c. After he was gone, 
my S. D.-"* and myself asked each other why it was that all these 
stories did not put us into a fright ; we were not even discom- 
posed ; surely it is a favor never to be forgotten. We concluded 
to sit up a little later than usual to-night, but no rattling could we 
hear. Ambassadors returned — a report that the Congress dol- 
lars will be allowed to circulate for a certain number of years — 
a battery talked of, to be raised at the point of the island. We 
are told the two pieces of cannon said to be at Bristol, have dis- 
appeared. 

Dec. 21. More snow last night — no danger of gondolas now — 
more ambassadors gone out to-day to the Hessians — not much to 
be expected from one of them. — A great deal of talk in the neigh- 
borhood about a neutral island ; wish with great earnestness it 
may be allowed — wonder the men in town don't think it worth 
while to step down here and tell us what they are after — get 
quite in the fidgets for news — send Dick to town to collect some 
— he returns quite newsless — good mind to send him back again. 
W. D.^^ comes at last — tells us all we expected to hear — pleases 
us by saying we shall have timely notice of their coming — gives a 
hint that the feeble and defenceless will find safety and protec- 
tion — rank ourselves among the number, having no man with us 
in the house. Determine not to be unprovided again, let them 
come or not, as the weather is now so cold provisions will keep 
good several days. We pity the poor fellows who were obliged 
to be out last night in the snow. Repeat our wishes that this may 
be a neutral island — quite sleepy — go to bed and burn a lamp all 
night — talk as loud as usual, and don't regard the creaking of 
the door — no gondola men listening about the bank. Before we 
retired to bed this evening, an attempt was made to teach the chil- 
dren to pronounce "vecates"'° like a Dutchman. Our good 

24 S. D., Sarah Dillwyn, her sister, the wife of George Dillwyn. 

25 W. D., William Dillwyn. 

20 German, Wie geht es? How goes it? How arc you? 



68 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

neighbor a little concerned to think there is not one in the neigh- 
borhood that will be able to interpret for us when the Hessians 
are quartered upon us. At last, by dint of mere conjuration, I 
discovered that his maid is a Dutch woman, and we resolve, nem. 
con., that she shall be the interpreter of the bank, and her master 
thinks it will be' a great thing to have one that can speak for us. 

Dec. 22. It is said that Putnam with looo men are at Mount 
Holly; all the women removed from the town except one widow 
of our acquaintance — this evening we hear the sound of much 
hammering at Bristol,^^ and it is conjectured that a fortification 
is carrying on there — more cannon said to be planted on the island 
— we hear this afternoon that the gentlemen who went last night 
to the Count de Nope with a request that our town might be 
allowed to remain a neutral one, are returned, and report that he 
had too many affairs of greater consequence in hand to attend to 
them, or give an answer. I think we don't like the Count quite so 
well to-day as we did yesterday. We heard yesterday that Gen- 
eral Lee was taken prisoner by a party of light-horse, who sur- 
rounded him, and took him to New York (hope privately that he 
will not escape) ; to-day (22d) we hear General Howe is at Tren- 
ton, and it is thought there will be an engagement soon. A man 
who was at Mount Holly the other day, tells us he saw a great 
many of the British troops — that some of them went to the maga- 
zine there (a small room over the court-house) and took out 
about 100 wooden canteens, and the same number of broken fire- 
arms, and calling for a guard of lOO men, piled them up in the 
street, and ordered the men in derision, to take charge of them. 
This afternoon we hear of our refugee-^ again, and that he has 
got a protection, as it is called. The rage of tory-hunting a little 
subsided ; we now hear only of the Hessian hunters ; but they 
make a poor hand of it — not one brought in that we know of. 
We hear this afternoon that our officers are afraid their men will 
not fight, and wish may all run home again. A peaceable man 
ventured to prophesy to-day that, if the war is continued through 
the winter, the British troops will be scared at the sight of our 

''' Bristol was just across the Delaware River, in Pennsylvania. 
28 Dr. Jonathan Odell, who had been concealed in her house. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET xMORRIS. 69 

men, for as they never fought with naked men, the novelty of it 
will terrify them, and make them retreat faster than they ad- 
vanced to meet them ; for he says, he thinks it probable they will 
not have clothes to cover them a month or two hence. 

Several of the families who left the town on the day of the 
cannonading are returned to their houses ; the intelligence brought 
in this evening is seriously affecting; a party of our men, about 
200, marched out of Mount Holly, and meeting with a party of 
Hessians near a place called Petticoat Bridge, an engagement 
ensued — the Hessians retreating rather advancing — a heavy firing 
of musketry and some cannon heard; we are informed that 
twenty-one of our men were killed in the engagement, and that 
they returned at night to their head-quarters at Mount Holly, the 
Hessians to their at the Black Horse. 

Dec. 23. This day twelve gondolas came up the river again, 
but we know not as yet the occasion of their coming ; the troops 
at Mount Holly went out again to-day and engaged the Hessians 
near the same place where they met yesterday ; it is reported we 
lost ten men, and that our troops are totally routed and the Hes- 
sians in possession of Mount Holly. This evening a little alarm 
in our neighborhood ; a report reaching us that 3000 troops now at 
Bristol are to cross over in the night (and to land on our bank) 
in order to join the routed party of yesterday. My dear S. D.'s 
spirits for the first time forsook her hearing this, and my heart 
grieved that I could offer nothing to compose her. We conjecture 
the gondolas are to lie here in readiness to receive our men should 
they be put to flight — be that as it may, we don't like to see them 
so near us, and wish for anolher snow-storm to drive them away. 

Dec. 24. The gondolas all gone out of sight ; but whether up 
or down the river we know not. This morning we arc* told of a 
fearful alarm which was spread through the town last night ; that 
the gondolas had orders to fire on it in the night, as it was said 
the Hessians were expected to come in after the rout of yester- 
day, and take possession here as they had done at Mount Holly ; 
happily, this account did not reach us till it was proved to be 
false. It seems the commodore had sent one M'Knight on 



70 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



shore, who informed the inhabitants of it. W. Smith and B, 
Helm went to Bristol in the evening, and acquainted General 
Cadwallader with what they had heard, who signified to the 
commodore the necessity of the removal of the fleet, as the ice 
would probably make it difficult for them to sail a few days hence. 
When this was taken to the commodore, he denied having sent 
the information which so alarmed the inhabitants. It was 
thought he appeared a little disguised with liquor at the time. 
We hear the Hessians are still at Holly, and our troops in pos- 
session of Church Hill, a little beyond. The account of twenty- 
one killed the first day of the engagement, and ten the next is 
not to be depended on, as the Hessians say our men run so fast 
they had not the opportunity of killing any of them. Several 
Hessians in town to-day. They went to Daniel Smith's and in- 
quired for several articles in the shop, which they offered to pay 
for ; two were observed to be in liquor in the street ; they went to 
the tavern, and calling for rum ordered the man to charge it to 
the king. We hear that two houses in the skirts of the town 
were broke open by the Hessians and pillaged. The gondolas 
have been lying down at Dunk's Ferry all this day. A pretty 
heavy firing heard up the river to-day, but no account yet received 
of the occasion, or where it was. 

Dec. 25. An officer said to be gone to Bristol from the Count 
de Nope with a flag, and ofifers of letting our town remain a neu- 
tral post. General Reed-* at Philadelphia. An express sent to 
him ; and we hear he is to meet the Count to-morrow, at Jno. 
Antrim's, and settle the preliminaries. 

Dec. 26. Very stormy; we fear General Reed will not meet 
the Count to-day. A great number of flat-bottomed boats gone 
up the river; we cannot learn where they are going to. 

Dec. 27. A letter from General Reed to his brother, inform- 
ing him that Washington with the regulars on the 25th, early in 
the morning, taking them by surprise ; killed 50 and took 900 pris- 
oners.^" The loss on our side not known, or if known, not suf- 

20 General Joseph Reed of Philadelphia, of whom later. 
30 This was the celebrated surprise of the British at Trenton by Wash- 
ington, Christmas, 1776. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 71 

fered to be public. It seems this heavy loss to the regulars was 
owing to the prevailing custom among the Hessians of getting 
drunk on the eve of that great day which brought peace on earth 
and good-will to men ; but oh ! how unlike Christians is the man- 
ner in which they celebrate it. Can we call ourselves Christians, 
while we act so contrary to our Master's rules? He set the ex- 
ample which we profess to follow, and here is a recent instance 
that we only profess it ; instead of good-will, envy and hatred 
seem to be the ruling passions in the breasts of thousands. This 
evening, the 27th, about 3000 of the Pennsylvania militia and 
other troops landed in the neck, and marched into town with artil- 
lery, baggage, &c., and are quartered on the inhabitants. One 
company was lodged at J. V.'s,^^ and a guard placed between his 
house and ours. We were so favored as not to have any sent to 
our house. An officer spent the evening with us, and appeared to 
be in high spirits, and talked of engaging the English as a very 
trifling aftair — nothing so easy as to drive them over the North 
River, &c. — not considering there is a God of battle, as well as a 
God of Peace, who may have given them the late advantage in 
order to draw them out to meet the chastisement that is reserved 
for them. 

Dec. 28. Early this morning the troops marched out of town 
in high spirits. A flight of snow this morning drove the goi>- 
dolas again down the river. My heart sinks when I think of the 
numbers unprepared for death, who will probably be sent in a 
few days to appear before the Judge of heaven. The weather 
clearing up this afternoon, we observed several boats, with sol- 
diers and their baggage, making up to our wharf ; as I looked at 
them I thought I saw a face that was not strange to me, and tak- 
ing a nearer view, found it was the well-known face of my be- 
loved brother and friend, G. D.^- When I saw the companions 
he was among, I thought of what Solomon said of his beloved, 
that she was like an apple tree amongst the trees of the wood. 
When he came into the house, my kindred heart bade him wel- 



31 James Verree. 

32 George Dillwi'ii, who was the husband of her sister Sarah with whom 
she was making her Iiomc. 



72 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

come to the hospitable roof — for so must I ever deem that roof 
which has sheltered me and my little flock — though our joy at 
meeting him was checked by the prospect before us and around. 
A man, who seemed to have command over the soldiers just 
landed, civilly asked for the keys of Colonel Cox's house, in which 
they stowed their baggage, and took up their quarters for the 
night, and were very quiet. 

Dec. 29. This morning the soldiers at the next house prepared 
to depart, and, as they passed my door, they stopped to bless and 
thank me for the food I sent them which I received, not as my 
due, but as belonging to my Master who had reached a morsel to 
them by my hand.^^ A great number of soldiers in town to-day ; 
another took possession of the next house when the first left it. 
The inhabitants much straightened for bread to supply the sol- 
diers, and firewood to keep them warm. This seems to be only 
one of the many calamities of war. 

Dec. 30. A number of poor soldiers sick and wounded brought 
into town to-day, and lodged in the court-house ; some of them in 
private houses. To-day, I hear, several of our townsmen have 
agreed to procure wood for the soldiers ; but they found it was 
attended with considerable difficulty, as most of the wagons usu- 
ally employed to bring in wood were pressed to take the soldiers' 
re. 



Dec. 31. We have been told of an engagement between the 
two armies, in which it was said the English had 400 taken pris- 
ts An interesting confirmation of these statements is found in the " Jour- 
nal of Sergeant William Young" published in the Pennsylvania Magazine 
of History and Biography (vol. viii, 259, 260), as follows: "Saturday 28 
got all over. Baggage in the wagon Marched to Bristol then loaded it 
aboard a flat bottomed Boat, and with much Difficulty got over on account 
of the Ice and by the good providence of God, got in the Colonel house 
before dark. As soon as we got our Baggage housed set about foraging 
for wood, got some pretty Readily made a good fire. Got supper went 
to sleep. 

Sunday Morning (29) got up pretty Early, went about breakfast, all 
well. ... I Expect to set' out this morning to join our company; the good 
woman next Door Sent us 2 Mince pies Last Night, which I took very 
kind. May God Bless all our friends and benefactors." 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 73 

oners and 300 killed and wounded. The report of the evening 
contradicts the above intelligence, and there is no certain ac- 
count of a battle. 

Jan. I, 1776. This New Year's Day has not been ushered in 
with the usual rejoicings, etc., and I believe it will be the begin- 
ning of a sorrowful year to very many people. Yet the flatterer, 
hope, bids me look forward with confidence to Him who can 
bring out of this confusion the greatest order. I do not hear that 
any messengers have been in town from the camp. 

Jan. 3. This morning we heard very distinctly a heavy firing 
of cannon ; the sound came from about Trenton, and at noon a 
number of soldiers, upwards of one thousand, came into town in 
great confusion, with baggage and some cannon. From these sol- 
diers we learn there was a smart engagement yesterday at Tren- 
ton, and that they left them engaged near Trenton mill, but were 
not able to say which side was victorious. They were again quar- 
tered on the inhabitants, and we again exempt from the cumber 
of having them lodged in our house. Several of those who lodged 
in Colonel Cox's house last week returned to-night and asked for 
the key, which I gave them. About bed-time, I went into the 
next house to see if the fires were safe, and my heart was melted 
to see such a number of my fellow-creatures lying like swine on 
the floor, fast asleep, and many of them without even a blanket 
to cover them. It seems very strange to me, that such a number 
should be allowed to come from the camp at the very time of the 
engagements, and I shrewdly suspect they have run away, for 
they can give no account why they came or where they are to 
march next. 

Jan. 4. The accounts hourly coming in are so contradictory 
and various, that we know not which to give credit to. We have 
heard our people have gained another victory ; that the English 
are fleeing before them, some at Brunswick, some at Princeton. 
We hear to-day that Sharp Delany and A. Morris, and others of 
the Pennsylvania militia are killed, and that the Count de Nope 
is numbered with the dead ; if so, the Hessians have lost a brave 
and humane commander. The prisoners taken by our troops are 



74 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

sent to Lancaster jail. A number of sick and wounded brought 
into town, calls upon us to extend a hand of charity towards 
them. Several of my soldiers left the next house, and returned 
to the place whence they came. Upon my questioning them 
pretty close, I brought several to confess they had run away, 
being scared at the heavy firing on the 3rd. There were several 
pretty, innocent-looking lads among them, and I sympathized with 
their mothers, when I saw them preparing to return to the army. 

Jan. 5. I heard to-day that Capt. Shippen, who threatened to 
shoot my son for spying at the gondolas, is killed. I forgave him, 
long ago, for the fright he occasioned me, and felt sorry when I 
heard he was dead. We are told to-day that Gen. Mercer^* is 
killed, and Mifflin is wounded ; what sad havoc will this dreadful 
war make in our land ! 

Jan. 6. We are told to-day that 2000 New England men fell 
in the late engagement. 

Jan. 7. This evening all the gondolas which have been for sev- 
eral days past lying before Bristol sailed down the river except 
one, which is stationed there for the winter I suppose ; an order 
arrived about five this evening for the remainder of the soldiers 
to march ; they hurried away, but returned in less than an hour, 
the officers thinking it too late for them to reach Bordentown 
to-night. 

Jan. 8. All the soldiers gone from the next house ; only one of 
the number stopped to bid me farewell ; but I did not resent it, 
remembering that only one of the ten lepers, cleansed by our 
Lord, returned to give thanks ; not that I would compare the 
trifling services I was enabled to render these poor creatures to 
that great miracle ; but it rose in my mind at the time, perhaps as 
a check to any little resentment that I might have felt for being 
neglected. I went into the house after they had left it, and was 
grieved to see such loads of provisions wastefully lying on the 
floor. I sent my son to desire an officer in town to order it away, 
and he returned his compliments, and desired me " to keep it 
from spoiling" — that was, to make use of it; but as it was not 

34 General Hugh Mercer ; General Thomas Mifflin. 



REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF MARGARET MORRIS. 75 

his to give, and I had no stomach to keep it from spoiling, I sent 
it to another person, who had it taken to the sick soldiers. 

Jan. 9. W'e hear to-day that our troops have driven the Eng- 
lish to Brunswick, and some say there has been another battle. 
All the officers went out of town to-day. The report of poor A. 
Morris being killed is confirmed by an officer who was in the 
battle. I feel sorry for every one that falls in battle. We hear 
that Washington has sent to buy up a number of stores, from 
which it is concluded he is going into winter quarters. The 
weather very cold ; some snow falling has also filled the river 
with ice, and we expect it will be strong enough to walk over in 
a day or two, and give an opportunity, to those inclined to escape, 
of crossing over, which, for several weeks past, has been attended 
with some difficulty ; all the boats belonging to the town being 
seized upon by the gentlemen of the galleys, and either borne 
away, or broken to pieces, which they said was done to prevent 
the Hessians from crossing the river; and, on the same pretence, 
a number of bridges have been taken up, and others so much 
damaged as to make it difficult for travellers to pass from hence 
to Philadelphia. Several of the soldiers, who were brought to 
town sick, have died, and it is feared the disorder by which they 
were afflicted is infectious. 

Jan. II. Weather very cold and the river quite shut. I pity 
the poor soldiers now on their march, many of whom will prob- 
ably lay out in the fields this cold night. What cause have I for 
gratitude, that I and my household are sheltered from the storm ! 
Oh, that the hearts of my offspring may learn to trust in the God 
of their mother. He who has condescended to preserve us in 
great danger, and kept our feet from wandering from the habita- 
tion his goodness has allotted to us. 

(To be concluded.) 



76 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

ACCOUNT OF A VISIT TO JOHN G. WHITTIER, i860, 
BY LYDIA MARIA CHILD. 

Friend Whittier lives about four miles from the mill, across the 
river. The bridge was being repaired, which made it necessary to 
go a long way round. I was not sorry, for the scenery was lovely. 
We rode along the Merrimack nearly all the way. The sunshine 
was rippling it with gold, and the oars of various little boats and 
rafts were dropping silver as they went. I think nature never 
made such a vivid impression on me as it has this summer. I 
don't know whether it is because I have so very few human ties, 
or whether it is that I feel a sort of farewell tenderness for the 
earth, because I am growing old. 

Friend Whittier's gentle Quakerly sister seemed delighted to 
see me, or, rather he seemed delighted and she seemed pleased. 
There was a Republican meeting that evening, at which he felt 
obliged to show himself ; but he came back before long, having 
indiscreetly excused himself by stating that I was at his house. 
The result was, that a posse of Republicans came, after the meet- 
ing was over, to look at the woman " who fired hot shot at Gov- 
ernor Wise." In the interim, however, I had some cosy chat with 
Friend Whittier, and it was right pleasant going over our anti- 
slavery reminiscences. Oh, those were glorious times ! working 
shoulder to shoulder, in such a glow of faith ! — ^too eager working 
for humanity to care a fig whether our helpers were priests or 
infidels. That's the service that is pleasing in the sight of God. 

Whittier made piteous complaints of time wasted and strength 
exhausted by the numerous loafers who came to see him out of 
idle curiosity, or to put up with him to save a penny. I was 
amused to hear his sister describe some of these irruptions in 
her slow, Quakerly fashion. " Thee has no idea," said she, " how 
much time Greenleaf spends in trying to lose these people in the 
streets. Sometimes he comes home and says, ' Well, sister, I had 
hard work to lose him, but I have lost him.' " " But I can never 
lose a her," said Whittier. " The women are more pertinacious 
than the men ; don't thee find 'em so, Maria ? " I told him I did. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 77 

"How does thee manage to get time to do anything?" said he. 
I told him I took care to Hve away from the railroad, and kept a 
bull-dog and a pitch-fork, and advised him to do the same. {Let- 
ters of Lydia Maria Child, Boston, 1883, pp. 141, 142.) 



CORRECTION. 

Our friend, Norman Penney, of the Friends' Reference Li- 
brary, Devonshire House, London, has kindly sent several cor- 
rections to be made in the paper " A Seventeenth Century Request 
for a Meeting" which appeared in the last number of the Bul- 
letin (Vol. IX, no. I, pages 14-16). They are as follows: 
The date should be ^^ 1700. Lines i, 2, 3 of the Letter should 
read, "... It being a desire of severall Friends in these parts 
to have a first day Meeting In the Parish of South Minis (on y® 
same day that Winsmerhill [Winchmore Hill] Meeting is) estab- 
lished amongst us," etc. (p. 16). The last two lines of the first 
paragraph in the Letter should read, "And assist us with your 
consents in y^ re-establishing us in our former Priviledge." The 
last line but one of the Letter should read, " And with the con- 
sent of severall others." The original manuscript is No. 59, Vol. 
III. Gibson Mss. Friends' Reference Library. Devonshire 
House, London. 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 

Dr. John Fothcrgill and his Friends, Chapters in Eighteenth Century 
Life. By R. Hingston Fox, M.D. London, Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1919. 
SK' X 9 in- Pp. xxiv, 434. Illustrations. 21s. net, $7.50, postage 30 cents. 

This long expected work has been well worth waiting for. Dr. Fox is 
to be congratulated on his success from every point of view. The book 
is scholarly, most carefully written from original and printed sources, no 
time or trouble has been spared in searching after authorities in both 
Great Britain and America, and care and diligence are apparent on every 
page, the literary style is good and the book is interesting. The subject 
and the author both being medical men, it must have been no easy matter 
to produce a work attractive both to the general reader and to the pro- 



78 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

fessional man. So far as a non-medical man can judge, Dr. Fox has been 
remarkably successful, for while there are portions which will appeal only 
to the physician, they are few and purely technical language is un frequent. 

It was quite time that a life written on modern lines should be presented 
to the world, for except in the brief notices in encyclopedias and biograph- 
ical dictionaries, no life of Fothergill has been published for more than 
a century. The greatest physician of his day in London, his fees amount- 
ing to about ^5,000 per annum and sometimes more, consulted by persons 
of all ranks, the introducer of commonsense methods in practice and 
treatment of diseases, the real forerunner of modern treatment, he deserves 
more recognition than he has received in later years. Dr. Fothergill was 
not only a physician but a botanist who introduced many new plants and 
trees into Great Britain, he was one of England's chief philanthropists, 
an earnest forwarder of education, the founder of Ackworth School, a 
social reformer, a man interested in science of every kind, one of the first 
to bring electricity into prominence before scientific bodies, a firm believer 
in hygiene and careful diet, and in fact a promoter of almost everything 
that tends to increase the welfare and comfort of society. He counted 
Franklin, Priestley, Collinson, the Bartrams, the Logans, Pembertons and 
other well-known men among his intimate friends. He was the warm 
friend of America and exerted his great influence on her behalf whenever 
possible. He was really one of the founders and for a long time one of 
the greatest benefactors of the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was a staunch 
Friend, a member of the Meeting for Sufferings when but twenty-nine, 
and was Clerk of London Yearly Meeting three times. 

All these phases of this remarkable man are well brought out in the 
biography before us. Dr. Fox has we believe chosen wisely in presenting 
not a chronological life but a picture of Fothergill as revealed under dif- 
ferent aspects. 

The book appears to be remarkably free from slips and errors ; the 
statement, however, that John Dickinson was a "birthright Friend" (page 
340) is not borne out by evidence. Isaac Sharpless in his sketch of John 
Dickinson ("Political Leaders of Provincial Pennsylvania," page 224) 
says there is no evidence in the records, or even elsewhere that he ever 
was a member. 

It is a matter of regret that owing to the great cost of publication in 
these days the price of the volume can hardly help restricting the sale. 

Origin of the Doctrine of the Trinity, A Popular Exposition. By Rendel 
Harris. Manchester, at the University Press, Longmans, Green & Co., 
London, etc., 1919. 6X9 in- Pp- 4i- $1.00. 

The title of this characteristic monograph does not convey to tlie ordi- 
nary mind quite the meaning intended. It is not a theological treatise, but 
a presentation of the arguments for the existence of a lost book of the 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 79 

early Christian Church and what that set forth. This, our author tells us, 
was a book of Testimonies, being quotations from the Old Testament which 
show the "existence of a lost Christian doctrine of the first century, accord- 
ing to which Jesus was defined as the " Wisdom of God." All New Testa- 
ment scholars have long been aware that there is a period of time between 
the earliest j^ears of Christianity and the date of the oldest book of the 
New Testament (i Thess. about A.D. 50). "When ... we reflect," says 
the author, " that the period which elapses between the death of Christ 
and the first known Christian document covers a whole human generation, 
it must be clear to any thoughtful person that such a generation could not 
have passed away without written records of the history which they were 
relating, and the truths that they were emphasizing."^ As there was then 
no New Testament, argument was based on the Old Testament when 
addressed to Jews, and it was addressed to them first in the earlier years 
as we know. The passages relied upon were those relating to Wisdom, 
particularly the splendid one in the eighth chapter of Proverbs. The 
identification of Christ with Wisdom is the basis of His being one with 
the Father, not, as might be supposed, the Messianic prophecies. This 
view is indicated in the New Testament in several places, as where Paul 
speaks of " Christ the power of God and the Wisdom of God," also in 
Colossians (chaps, i and 2). One of these treatises Dr. Harris believes 
he has discovered, or a form of it, in the library on Mount Athos, an 
edition of which is now in preparation. It will be read with interest when 
it appears. Dr. Harris, with his keen sense of possibiHties, suggests that 
here may be found the origin of the name of one of the finest churches in 
the world, the Mosque of St. Sophia at Constantinople. Why such a mag- 
nificent building should have been dedicated to a rather obscure saint or 
to " Holy Wisdom," has always been rather a puzzle. It is known that 
the present structure was erected on the site of an earlier one bearing the 
same name, and when it is found that at that time " Holy Wisdom " was 
an alternative term for Christ Himself the puzzle is solved. 

The Tryal of William Penn & William Mead for Causing a Tumult. 
. . . 1670. . . . First published in 1719 and edited by Don C. Seitz. Bos- 
ton, Marshall Jones Co., MDCCCCXIX. S'AXS in. Pp. xvii, 37- $i-00. 

This small volume is a reprint of the famous trial of William Penn and 
William Mead, 1670, in which the independence of juries was established in 
England. The editor also gives an extract from the almost equally famous 

1 Two reasons for the loss of such treatises are: (i) the books were 
written on papyrus, a very fragile material and quickly perishable except 
in a climate like that of Egypt, and (2) when the books of the New Testa- 
ment appeared the earlier books, based on the Old Testament, were dis- 
carded, and besides were not convincing to Gentiles. 



8o BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

trial in America, New York, 1735, of John Peter Zenger, in which the 
freedom of the press was established. The part quoted is from the ad- 
dress of Andrew Hamilton in which he cites the trial of Penn and Mead. 
The account of the " Tryal " itself is not only interesting but amusing. 
Though the accounts in the various Lives of Penn give all that is essential, 
the whole report in the quaint language of the original is well worth atten- 
tion. The editing consist's, with the exception of the quotation from the 
Zenger trial, of a " foreword " which is a very brief account of William 
Penn and of his father, the admiral. The editor is at present the manag- 
ing editor of the New York World. The volume is handsomely printed 
and made up. 

The Style and Literary Method of Luke and Acts. By Henry J. Cad- 
bury. Harvard Theological Studies, VI. Cambridge, Harvard Univer- 
sity Press, 1919. 6K X 9/4 in- Pp- viii, 72. 

This is a highly creditable technical study of the Gospel of Luke and 
the book of Acts. It relates only to questions of style and method, and 
is intended for students of Textual Criticism. To the ordinary reader a 
large part would be Greek indeed. A section more generally interesting 
than some of the others is that devoted to the " Alleged Medical Language 
of Luke." Of the thirty pages allotted to this subject part of the conclu- 
sion may be quoted : " The style of Luke bears no more evidence of 
medical training than does the language of other writers who were not 
physicians. This result, it must be confessed, is a purely negative one. 
... Of course the absence of medical traits does not prove that a doctor 
did not write Luke and Acts. In other words, the only reason we have 
for supposing that the author was a physician is the old one — the state- 
ment in Coloss. 4, 14, ' Luke, the beloved physician.' " 

London Yearly Meeting During 250 Years. London, Society of Friends, 
Devonshire House, 136 Bishopgate, E.C., 2, 1919. 51^ X 8^ i"- Pp- I57- 
5S. 6d., $2.50. 

This attractive anniversary volume is a cooperative work. Robert H. 
Marsh contributes the " Introductory Address " ; William C. Braithwaite, 
"First Period, 1668 to 1725"; A. Neave Brayshaw, "Second Period, 1725 
to 1825 " ; Edward Grubb, " Third Period, 1825 to 1918 " ; Mary Jane God- 
lee, " The Women's Yearly Meeting " ; and our indefatigable expert in 
editing, Norman Penney, the " Addenda," by no means the least valuable 
part. A full index and four illustrations complete this interesting volume. 
While the greater part of the book naturally is devoted to its special sub- 
ject, a large amount of other information is given incidentally. A number 
of common misconceptions are corrected, and it comes out very clearly 
that Friends of past generations did not differ essentially in characteristics 
and actions from those of the present day. The sections on the First and 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 8i 

Second Periods exhibit the well-balanced historic sense we have learned 
to expect in their authors, but which seems to be somewhat wanting in 
the account of the Third Period. 

The history of the Women's Yearly Meeting contains perhaps more 
absolutely new matter than the other accounts, and is exceedingly well 
done. It was not till 1896 that women Friends were " recognized as form- 
ing a constituent part of our Meetings for Church affairs equally with 
their brethren and that they should be eligible for appointment as members 
of the Meeting for Sufferings. "^ " In 1907 the Women's Yearly Meeting, 
as a separate body, came to an end." 

The only error observed is in the Note, page 117: Sarah F. Smiley 
did not marry "a Baptist minister." She joined the Episcopalians and 
never married. 

The work is a distinct contribution to Quaker history and may be marked 
with a double star. 

Friends' Quarterly Examiner, Seventh Month, igig. As usual this pe- 
riodical contains several articles of much interest. Possibly those on " An 
Early Chapter in the Life of John Dalton," and the graphic " Return of 
the Exiles," some incidents on a trip with returning Serbian exiles from 
Bizerta (Tunis) to Belgrade via sea to Ragusa and train to Belgrade, 
with the editorial " From the House of the Four Winds," are the most 
attractive. One of the most significant paragraphs in the latter relates to 
the effects in Great Britain of the liquor restrictions during the war; only 
those relating to the direct results of alcohol can be quoted : 

1913 1918 

Convictions for drunkenness 188,877 29,019 

Cases of delirium tremens in representative areas . . 786 Z^ 

Deaths from alcoholism 1,831 296 

These figures show a decline of about 80 per cent. ! 

Religion as Reality, Life and Power. By Rufus M. Jones. The Wil- 
liam Penn Lecture, Philadelphia, Central Bureau Office, 154 N. 15th St., 
1919- 5 X 7J^ in- Pp- 45- Paper 35 cents, cloth 50 cents. 

This is a suggestive, eloquent, elevating address. Here are some sen- 
tences from it : " Religion is something that carries one into ' the land of 
heart's desire!" "It is something which gives us a view of what ought 
to be." " Religion is one of the mightiest of all the constructive unifying 
forces we know. As the word implies, religion binds back the soul into 
unison with realities which refresh it, restore it, vivify it, and integrate 
it and complete it; i.e., put it in possession of the whole of itself." 
" There can be no adequate world here for us without at least a faith in 
the reality of beyond the line of what we see with our common eyes." 

1 It might be remarked that Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Orthodox) 

was much later (1915) in taking a similar step. 



82 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Silent Worship: The Way of Wonder. The Swarthmore Lecture, 1919, 
By L. Violet Hodgkin, author of " A Book of Quaker Saints." London, 
Headley Bros., 1919. 5 X 7V^ in. Pp. 95. is 6d, $0.65. 

This, the twelfth Swarthmore Lecture, stands worthily beside its prede- 
cessors. The author is the daughter of Thomas Hodgkin, the historian, 
who gave the lecture in 191 1, and the cousin of Henry T. Hodgkin who 
gave the lecture in 1916. Those who enjoyed the delightful " Book of 
Quaker Saints " will find the same charming style in this little book. To 
those who know what a "living silence" is, we commend this treatise; to 
those who have not that knowledge, we alike commend it, that they may, 
perchance, gain a vision of new possibilities in worship. 

As A Man Thinketh, The Personal Problem of Miltarisni. By Ernest 
Ewart Unwin, with Foreword by J. Lewis Paton. London, George Allen 
& Unwin, Ltd., 1919. 5 X 7^ in. Pp. 120. 2s 6d. 

This little book by a master in Leighton Park School, Reading, England, 
is a strong presentment of the subject of militarism and what militarism 
involves. " The choice is between a material and a spiritual conception 
of life." "I approach the whole question as a biologist, as a schoolmaster, 
and as a Quaker." "Every one of us, every man and every woman, every 
boy and every girl has to face these things as an individual problem, for 
it is, in reality, a difference in our conception of God and of His ways for 
men which drives us forth along the pathway of peace or along the path- 
way of war." These sentences from the Preface will give a good idea of 
the basis of the book. It is written in no sectarian spirit, and the author 
has strengthened his position by referring, with but two or three excep- 
tions, to non-Quaker works. 

The Religion of Experience. An Examination of some of the Diffi- 
culties of the Christian Faith. By Edward Grubb, M.A. London, Head- 
ley Bros., 1919. 4% X 7 in. Pp. 198. 

This volume, by an author well known among Friends, is largely a 
reproduction either in form or substance of lectures and papers given or 
published at various times. Naturally there is some lack of continuity, 
and some repetition, but not enough to be prominent. The author takes 
up chiefly the intellectual difficulties and handles them well. As the title 
of the book indicates, his argument rests on the fact of personal, inward 
experience : " if we are to understand and appreciate these doctrines or 
even criticize them to any purpose, we must ourselves come into the place 
of experience." "What is this experience. . . .? It includes everything 
in human consciousness which has to do with an awareness of relations 
with that Unseen Presence which is called God." Parts of the book re- 



BOOKS OF INTEREST TO FRIENDS. 



83 



quire close thought and all of it careful attention. Some readers may 
think the author's views are occasionally too " modern," others that 
scarcely enough weight is given to the historical side; but in matters 
about which there is so great variety of opinion ayiy presentment will be 
questioned by some. An Index would have been an advantage to the book. 

Joseph Sturge, His Life and Work. By Stephen Hobhouse. London, 
J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1919. 4^4 X iVi in. Pp. x, 196. 4s 6d. 

This brief biography of Joseph Sturge by Stephen Hobhouse should be 
welcomed. The valuable, though bulky Life by Henry Richard has long 
been out of print, and to the present generation Joseph Sturge is little 
more than a name. As the writer of this notice a few years since stood 
before Sturge's statue in one of the busiest parts of Birmingham, he won- 
dered how many of the hundreds that passed by while he looked on the 
fine memorial, knew why their former citizen had been thus honored. 

Our friend Stephen Hobhouse, so well known to us through his severe 
experiences as a Conscientious Objector in Great Britain, is Sturge's fit 
biographer. A reformer himself, he has great sympathy with his subject 
and presents him in a lively and attractive manner. The work, while 
highly appreciative, is by no means a panegyric, for the shortcomings of 
his hero are carefully pointed out. The well-drawn portrait is that of a 
whole-souled, indefatigable man, " perpetually engaged in practical activ- 
ity " for the benefit of others. He was zealous in the Anti-Slavery cause ; 
in political reform; in Temperance; in Education; in Free Trade; and 
was a " Quaker Chartist." He was a pioneer in the Peace movement, 
and while not the founder of the Adult School movement, he was a per- 
sonal, earnest promotor of it, and was, perhaps as much as anyone, the 
man who made Birmingham the great center of that work. He was one 
of the earliest advocates of children's play-grounds, and to illustrate and 
enforce his opinions he himself leased a field near his own residence which 
he opened as a place of recreation for children (1853) ; he, in conjunction 
with a brother, started and supported a reformatory school for boys which 
is still in existence. Such were some of the activities of this remarkable 
man, whom Stephen Hobhouse is to be congratulated for recalling to our 
view. 

Political Leaders of Provincial Pennsylvania. By Isaac Sharpless. New 
York, The Macmillan Co., 1919. 5K' X 8 in. Pp. ix, 248. $2.50. 

These papers on eight prominent leaders of colonial Pennsylvania, Wil- 
liam Penn, Thomas Lloyd, David Lloyd, James Logan, John Kinsey, Isaac 
Norris, James Pemberton, and John Dickinson, are written in the author's 
well known manner and give much information, not only of the men them- 
selves, but of the politics of their day. All were Friends except John 
Dickinson, and he has often been claimed as one. Two of the essays 



84 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 



appeared first in the Bulletin — those on David Lloyd and John Kinsey. 
The Introduction, which discusses the attitude of Friends towards Public 
Affairs and Moral Reforms, is especially valuable. This essay and the 
biographies themselves show that in the membership of those days there 
were two classes — those who were Friends through and through, like 
James Pemberton ; and those prominent in the State but not in the Friends' 
Meetings, and in fact little more than nominal Friends, like David Lloyd. 
For freshness and as a good example of impartial treatment, the essay 
on John Dickinson would perhaps come first. It is sufficient to say that no 
student of early Pennsylvania history can afford to miss this book. No 
one but a Friend could possibly have given such an understanding and 
truthful picture. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



The Saturday Westminster Ga- 
zette (London) of August 9, 1919, 
has a very commendatory notice 
of Professor Augustus T. Mur- 
ray's translation of Homer's 
Odyssey recently published in the 
Loeb Classical Library. " They 
[the readers] must ascribe to Pro- 
fessor Murray not only great 
bravery, but a degree of scholar- 
ship in both Greek and English, 
and a fine sense of values, that 
will make them anxious to see the 
conclusion of this translation." 

The Annual Excursion of the 
Friends' Historical Society of 
Philadelphia this year (1919) was 
to Byberry Meeting House and 
its neighborhood. It took place 6 
month 7, and was well attended. 
A full account of the excursion 
by Watson W. Dewees appeared 
in The Friend (Philadelphia) for 
7 month 31, and 8 month 7. In 
this account will be found an in- 



teresting notice of John Comly, 
who was the author of the old 
Spelling Book, so well known to 
those of the older generation, and 
who was also prominent in the 
Separation of 1828. 

Anecdote of Joseph Sturge. — 
"He [Lord Brougham], told me 
[Cobden] of Sturge coming to 
him to arraign the conduct of the 
masters in the West Indies for 
oppressing their apprentices :i how 
he Brougham laughed at him, 
deriding him in this fashion for 
proposing to abolish apprentice- 
ship : ' Why, Joseph Sturge, how 
can you be such an old woman as 
to dream that you can revive the 
Anti-Slavery agitation to put an 
end to the apprenticeship ? ' — how 
the quiet Quaker met him with 
this reply : ' Lord Brougham, if 
when Lord Chancellor thou hadst 
a ward in chancery who was ap- 
prenticed, and his master was 



These were former negro slaves. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



85 



violating the terms of indenture, 
what wouldst thou do ? ' — how he 
felt this home thrust, and replied, 
' Why, I should require good 
proof of the fact, Joseph Sturge, 
before I did anything': how our 
friend rejoined, 'Then I must 
supply thee with the proof': how 
he packed his portmanteau and 
quietly embarked for the West 
Indies, made a tour of the islands, 
collected the necessary evidence 
of the oppression that was prac- 
ticed on the negro apprentices by 
their masters, the planters : how 
he returned to England, and com- 
menced an agitation throughout 
the country . . . and attained his 
object." (See S. Hobhouse, "Jo- 
seph Sturge," p. 44; J. A. Hobson, 
" Richard Cobden," p. 316.) 

[In this visit Joseph Sturge was 
accompanied by Thomas Harvey. 
The account, " The West Indies 
in 1837," was published, went 
through several editions and had 
great influence in bringing about 
the desired legislation. The book 
doubtless will be found in our 
libraries. Editor.] 

South African Friends. — The 
" Report of the Proceedings of 
the Second General Meeting of 
the Society of Friends in South 
Africa held in Johannesburg, 17- 
21 April, 1919," is an interesting 
pamphlet. From it we learn that 
the organization consists of a 
" General Meeting Executive "of 
ten members (this one of nine 
men and one woman), and two 
Monthly Meetings, " Cape," held 
at Capetown, and " Transvaal " 



held at Johannesburg. The sub- 
jects which seemed to claim most 
consideration in the meeting were 
" social reconstruction," and " the 
position of the Native races of 
South Africa in our social sys- 
tem." About forty attended the 
Meeting. The Friends of South 
Africa evidently have some ex- 
tremely difficult problems before 
them. 

Early History of Ohio Yearly 
Meeting.— Our friend Watson W. 
Dewees has reprinted his papers 
on the " Early History of Ohio 
Yearly Meeting," which appeared 
recently in The Friend (Philadel- 
phia), and, with some additions 
and corrections, has issued them 
in pamphlet form. In addition to 
the history of the Yearly Meeting 
proper, there is an account of the 
old Mount Pleasant School, from 
its beginning in 1837 to its close 
in 1875. The book of 51 pages 
may be had from Friends' Book 
Store, 302 Arch St., Philadelphia. 

" Historical Portraits." — In 
what is known as the series of 
" Historical Portraits," edited by 
C. R. L. Fletcher and published 
by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 
two Friends appear in volumes 3 
and 4 (1919), William Penn and 
Elizabeth Fry. The portrait of 
Penn is taken from the ivory me- 
dallion bust by Silvanus Bevan, 
probably as accurate as any but 
not very satisfactory. The notice 
of Penn by Fletcher, a great mili- 
tarist, naturally shows little sym- 
pathy or comprehension of Penn's 



86 



BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



religious side. There are two or 
three positive errors in the ac- 
count and the general effect, while 
grudgingly commendatory, is mis- 
leading to those who do not know 
the facts. 

The portrait of Elizabeth Fry 
is from that in the National Gal- 
lery which is not as attractive as 
that by Richmond. The very brief 
notice is appreciative, but the in- 
ference contained in it, " It seems 
probable that her married life was 
not of the happiest," is gratuitous. 

" Elizabeth Fry — Quaker Re- 
former." — "Elizabeth Fry — 
Quaker Reformer," by Henry M. 
Thomas, 8vo, 25 pages. This mono- 
graph, first read before the Johns 
Hopkins Historical Society, and 
then printed in Johns Hopkins 
Hospital Bulletin for March, 1919, 
is a careful study of Elizabeth 
Fry from a new point of view — 
that of a skilled specialist, the 
Professor of Neurology in the 
Johns Hopkins Medical School. 
It is one of those side studies 
which not a few of the medical 
profession have indulged in : wit- 
ness. Dr. John Fothergill, and in 
our own day. Dr. William Osier 
and Dr. Richard C. Cabot. This 
paper is warmly sympathetic and 
throws much light on it's distin- 



guished subject. Until her reform- 
ing activities are thus brought 
together, one could hardly realize 
how wide were her interests or 
how valuable were her services. 
There is an excellent reproduc- 
tion of Richmond's portrait. It is 
to be regretted that this study 
will have a limited circulation. 

" Well, I have seen the Princess 
Daschkaw, and she is well worth 
seeing. . . . Her behavior is ex- 
traordinarily frank and easy. . . . 
As an instance of her quickness 
and parts, I must tell you that 
she went to a Quaker meeting. 
As she came away, one of the 
women came up to her and told 
her she saw she was a foreigner, 
that she wished her all prosperity, 
and should be very glad if any- 
thing she had seen amongst them 
that day should contribute to her 
salvation. The Princess thanked 
her very civilly and said, 'Ma- 
dame, je ne scats si la voie de 
silence n'est point la meillcure 
faqon d'adorer I'Etrc Supreme.'" 
(I do not know whether the way 
of silence is not the better method 
of worshipping the Supreme Be- 
ing.)! It is clear that Horace 
Walpole understood this as a 
double entente. Whether it was 
so, it is impossible to determine. 



^Letters of Horace Walpole (Toynbee edition). Letter 1326, Nov. 12, 
1770. 



COMMUNICATION. 87 



COMMUNICATION. 

[The following communication, though not strictly in accord with the 
practice of the Bullktin, is printed from a desire to be fair. 

Horace Lippincott misses the whole point of the papers referred to, 
which was to state that Generals Greene, Mifflin, and Brown were not 
members of the Society, when in the army. When a man is called a 
Presbyterian, or a Methodist, he is supposed to belong to one of those 
bodies; so, when a man is called a Quaker he is understood to belong to 
tlie Quaker organization, and no individual interpretation can alter that 
general understanding. These men were not legally or technically Quakers 
after their disownment. They professed views and acted contrary to the 
recognized doctrines of the Quakers and because of this were deprived of 
membership. Whatever may be thought of the matter, or whatever their 
individual views on other doctrines may have been, this is the fact, and 
the Society cannot be held responsible for what they said or did. An 
organization must have rules and must itself be the judge of their infrac- 
tion. No organization could exist on any other basis. According to 
Horace Lippincott anyone has the right to call himself a Quaker, or Pres- 
byterian, or Methodist, or be called so by an admirer, and he thereby 
become or remain one, despite the judgment of the body he may claim as 
his, or with which he may have been once connected. 

The matter of Thomas Mifflin's disownment is discussed and the "Testi- 
mony of Disownment" itself is given in Isaac Sharpless's "Quaker Gov- 
ernment in Pennsylvania," Vol. II, p. 135. 

The first requisite of a true critic is, to have a reasonable knowledge of 
the subject criticized, and secondly, to be accurate. Horace Lippincott 
evidently made no researches regarding the disownment of Thomas 
Mifflin, and he ignores the testimony of George W. Greene, the grandson 
of General Greene, regarding his grandfather's disownment. He states 
two thirds of the Quakers revolted in 1827, when those who have made a 
careful study say, "a decided minority of the whole body": for instance, 
Edward Grubb of England ("Separations," p. 42). He apparently is 
totally unaware of the fact that the question of the right of the individual 
and of the corporate conscience was faced by George Fox and the Early 
Friends and decided (Wilkinson and Story Controversy), and that this 
decision, whether rightly or wrongly, was followed by the Society, and, in 
essentials, is still in force. 

The concluding paragraphs of the communication indicate that Horace 
Lippincott has not been a reader for the past few years of either English 
or American Quaker periodicals or such statements would be impossible. 
In short, his conclusions are drawn from insufficient data and reveal a 
lamentable lack of knowledge both of past and present Quaker History. 

The papers which he speaks of as " unsigned," were unsigned^ simply 
from the natural wish, common to all editors, of keeping the editor's name 
in the background. — Editor.] 

My attention has just been called to the unsigned statement in the 
Bullktin of the Friends' Historical Society of Philadelphia (Volume VIII, 
No. 3, p. 108; Volume IX, No. i, p. 32) concerning Generals Nathaniel 
Greene, Thomas Mifflin and Jacob Brown. This periodical is edited by 
Allen C. Thomas of Haverford, Pennsylvania, whom it is, I assume, that 
challenges my assertion that these patriots were Quakers. He admits tliat 
these distinguished citizens were members of the Society of Friends, but 



88 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

were disowned. He presents no evidence of disownment concerning 
Thomas Mifflin. As to Nathaniel Greene the Minute of the Monthly Meet- 
ing held at Cranston, R. I., 3rd of Qth Month, 1773, is quoted placing Na- 
thaniel and his brother from " under the care of the meeting until they 
make satisfaction for their misconduct." The " misconduct " is " having 
been at a place in Connecticut of public resort where they had no proper 
business." 

In the case of Jacob Brown, the most successful Commander in the War 
of 1812 and later the head of the American Army, New York Monthly 
Meeting disowned him 4th month 4th, 1804, for marrying out of meeting 
and acting as commissioner to distribute the funds of a lottery. 

In my "Portraiture of the People Called Quakers" my object was to 
present a few of the products of Quakerism who had proved distinguished 
and useful. The technical point of view of the Recorder of the Meeting 
did not occur to me in this connection nor have I any more sympathy now 
than my ancestors had in 1827 with the rigid insistence upon the letter of 
many man-made rules introduced into the Society by small but insistent 
groups who maintained a zeal for some particular fad. The fundamental 
principle upon which George Fox founded the Society of Friends was the 
direct revelation of God to man without the need of any intermediary. 
The freedom of the individual conscience which is the obvious result of 
this conviction may result in the direct command of our Heavenly Father 
to act as His hands in the opposition to tyranny and the defense of the 
weak against cruelty. Therefore unless A. C. Thomas can produce proof 
that Generals Greene, Mifflin and Brown made any different assertion of 
belief or joined any other church I still claim that they were Quakers. 
Considerable familiarity with the history of Friends has convinced me 
that the small select groups that generally did the disowning were more 
often less worthy or widely useful than their victims. It was this sort of 
tyranny and rigidity that caused two thirds of the Quakers to revolt in 
1827. All " Hicksites " were accordingly disowned by this minority, but 
I know of none that would admit that they are not Quakers. 

It is a pity to twist technicalities into a rigid exclusion of distinguished 
and useful Quakers thus giving the public the false impression that we are 
a cold, ascetic, exclusive sect unable to adequately meet different emer- 
gencies by inspired reason. It is more encouraging and inspiring to em- 
phasize the distinguished and useful products of our simple faith and to 
give them our heartiest support in their helpful work. Thus we may point 
with pardonable pride to-day to those modern Quakers, Mitchell Palmer. 
Attorney General of the United States, William C. Sproul, Governor of 
Pennsylvania, and Herbert C. Hoover, Feeder of the world. 

If all the Quakers who did in 1917-18 what Generals Greene, Mifflin and 
Brown did in their times were disowned the Society of Friends would 
cease to exist. 

Horace Mather Lippincott. 

20, ix, 1919.