Skip to main content

Full text of "Bulletin of the Garden Club of America"

See other formats 


Ex  LiBRIS 

The  Pennsylvania 

HOBTICULTUBAL  SOCIETY 


^u^. 


I 


n 


Bulletin  of 


Zhc  (3ar5en  Club 


of  Hmerica 


January,  1918 


No.  XXIII 


President 
MRS.  J.  WILLIS  MARTIN 

Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia 
Treasurer 
MRS.  H.  D.  AUCHINCLOSS 

33  E.  67TH  Street,  New  York  and 
Newport,  R.  I. 
Secretary 
MRS.  BAYARD  HENRY 

Germantown,  Philadelphia 
Librarian 
MISS  ERNESTINE  A.  GOODMAN 

Chesti^t  Hill,  Philadelphia 


Vice-Presidents 

MRS.  ARCHIBALD  D.  RUSSELL 

34  E.  36TH  Street,  New  York  and 
Princeton,  New  Jersey 

MRS.  WILLIAM   CABELL  BRUCE  • 
8  Mt.  Vernon  Pl.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
and  Ruxton,  Md. 

MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 

Alma,  Michigan 
MRS.  JOHN  E.  NEWELL 

West  Mentor,  Ohio 


Editor 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER 
1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  and  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  tlirough  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 


New  Year's,  1918 

We  shall  not  see  this  New  Year  as  of  old 
A  timid  infant  at  the  gates  of  Time. 
But  as  a  figure  beckoning  sublime, 
Pointing  us  to  our  destiny,  unrolled 
In  widening  fields  of  service  manifold. 
We,  the  strong  women  of  the  nation,  now 
Must  put  our  willing  shoulders  to  the  plow. 
And  plant  the  grain  that  brings  the  harvests'  gold. 


h 


Forget  ignoble  ease,  for  now  is  hurled 

A  challenge.    Ours  not  only  to  keep  bright 

The  olden  fires,  to  do  the  quiet  tasks 

Of  household  routine.     This  Year  coming  asks 

That  we  shall  help  the  warrior  swords  to  smite, 

Shall  clothe  the  naked,  feed  the  hungry  World, 

—  Anne  Higginson  Spicer 


^/.i 


^^  /    <\P 


\       \  '  ^^   "A  Happy  New  Year  "  comes  instinctively  to  our  lips  but  finds  no 

P^  '  o\    ^Jecho  in  our  minds  or  hearts.   We  know  this  cannot  be  a  happy  year; 

*    "        ^^     we  only  pray  it  may  be  a  successful  one.  In  France  gifts  are  exchanged 

"*>  >        at  the  New  Year.  This  year,  in  America,  we  offer  ours :  to  our  AlHes, 

.  help  on  the  line  and  behind  the  line,  sent  in  deepest  gratitude  and 

V^  recognition  of  all  we  owe.   To  our  new  Army,  support  and  honor  for 

their  high-hearted  courage.    To  our  Country,  loyalty  and  all  our 
energy,  time  and  enthusiasm.   And  joined  to  these  gifts  is  a  hope: 
We  wish  you  a  victorious  New  Year. 

Report  of  the  Meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents 
Colony  Club,  New  York,  October  26th,  1917 

Representatives  of  twenty-nine  member  Clubs  were  present. 

The  President  in  opening  the  meeting,  emphasized  the  fact  that 
the  Garden  Club  of  America  and  the  Women's  Farm  and  Garden 
Association  were  the  only  national  organizations  of  women  organized 
for  agricultural  work.  She  dwelt  upon  the  responsibility  thereby 
incurred  and  the  necessity  for  an  immediate  decision  as  to  how  this 
opportunity  should  be  met. 

The  members  present  agreed  that  some  co-ordinated  work  should 
be  done  by  the  Member  Clubs  and  various  plans  were  suggested  and 
discussed:  training  Boy  and  Girl  Scouts  for  garden  work,  encourag- 
ing practical  teaching  of  Horticulture  and  Agriculture  in  the  schools 
and  helping  to  replant  the  devastated  regions  of  France  and  Belgium. 
Information  in  regard  to  the  later  work  seemed  indefinite  so  the 
matter  was  deferred  for  future  consideration. 

The  plan  finally  adopted,  the  unit  plan  for  women  workers  in 
agriculture,  is  set  forth  at  length  hereafter.  This  work  is  to  be 
organized  and  initiated  by  a  War  Work  Council  of  which  Miss  Delia 
W.  Marble,  Bedford  Garden  Club,  Bedford,  New  York,  is  Chairman. 

New  Committees,  one  to  encourage  honest  nurserymen  and  one  to 
investigate  what  can  be  done  to  educate  children  in  agriculture,  were 
appointed  with  Miss  Rose  Standish  Nichols  and  Miss  Kingsbury  of 
the  Litchfield  Garden  Club,  as  their  respective  chairmen.  The  reports 
of  these  and  other  Committees  follow. 

Before  adjourning,  Mrs.  Martin  urged  that  the  gravity  of  National 
conditions  be  seriously  reaUzed  by  every  member  of  the  Club.  The 
time  is  one  for  sacrifice  and  the  Garden  Club  of  America  must  not  fail 
to  answer  the  call  to  service. 

Report  and  Plans  of  the  War  Work  Council 

The  Garden  Club  of  America,  through  its  Council  of  Presidents, 
has  adopted  as  its  special  war  work  what  is  known  as  the  Unit  Plan 
for  women  workers  in  agriculture. 


This  plan  is,  briefly,  to  employ  on  the  land  women  from  the  pro- 
fessions and  from  the  seasonal  trades  —  college  graduates  and  vmder- 
graduates,  teachers,  milliners,  workers  in  artificial  flowers,  and  so  on. 
These  women  are  to  be  gathered  in  camps  of  from  ten  to  fifty  or 
more,  under  competent  leadership,  and  will  be  sent  out  from  the 
camps  singly  or  in  squads  to  work  on  neighboring  farms. 

This  plan  secures  proper  housing,  supervision  and  pleasant  social 
conditions,  the  lack  of  which  in  the  past  has  been  the  chief  obstacle  to 
the  employment  of  women  on  farms. 

We  are  all  aware  of  the  acute  and  urgent  need  for  agricultural 
workers.  Unless  effective  steps  are  taken  to  meet  this  need,  the  food 
shortage  next  year  will  be  calamitous  for  us  and  for  our  alHes. 

In  England  300,000  women  are  working  on  the  land  and  have 
shown  beyond  doubt  that  women  can  substitute  for  men  in  most 
farming  and  gardening  operations,  to  the  benefit  of  their  health  and 
the  satisfaction  of  their  employers.  Experiments  in  our  own  country 
confirm  this  result. 

A  short  trial  overcomes  the  prejudice  of  farmers  against  women 
workers,  whom  they  find  more  rehable  and  conscientious  than  the 
average  day-laborer;  while  out-door  life,  and  the  good  fellowship  of  a 
camp  are  a  welcome  change  to  the  city  woman. 

Each  such  camp  is  a  centre  of  education  for  both  employers  and 
workers,  and  wUl  be  the  starting  point  of  other  camps  in  succeeding 
seasons. 

Many  of  the  women  volunteer  from  patriotic  motives,  and  all 
work  with  more  enthusiasm  through  knowing  that  their  work  is  needed 
jp  «  for  the  food  production  of  the  country. 

^4s  9i       Every  Garden  Club  has  the  opportunity  of  taking  an  active  part 

-    ♦  in  this  most  necessary  and  patriotic  work,  by  establishing  such  a  farm 

***  unit  in  its  neighborhood. 

'""'V^      It  is  singularly  appropriate  that  Garden  Clubs  should  take  up  this 

fcL  ti  task,  both  to  increase  the  food  crops  of  the  country  and  also  to  bring 

to  other  women  the  joys  and  satisfactions  which  all  true  garden 

Jovers  find  in  working  with  the  earth  and  with  growing  plants. 

Benefits  in  health,  in  spirits  and  in  outlook,  well-tended  fields, 

M)rchards  and  gardens,  willing  hands  to  plant  and  to  harvest,  all  make 

_     this  a  work  most  worthy  of  the  efforts  of  those  who  have  loved  their 

^  . Cown  gardens  and  have  found  in  them  help  and  strength. 

■^»-     America  needs  a  Woman's  Army  on  the  land  to  raise  food  for 

-the  nations.  Will  the  Garden  Clubs  help? 

••i\,  Suggestions  to  the  Clubs 

The  President  of  each  Club  is  urged  to  appoint  a  Committee,  to 

take  charge  of  this  work.  The  Chairman  of  this  Committee  is  asked  to 

"^  f^ommunicate  at  once  with  the  Chairman  of  the  War  Work  Council.  - 


To  organize  Farm  Units  this  Committee  should: 

ist.  Secure  information  concerning  local  conditions.  This  should 
include  inquiry  into  the  labor  shortage  on  farms  and  gardens,  the 
possible  supply  of  workers,  and  the  various  organizations  which 
might  be  called  upon  for  assistance. 

2d.  Raise  money  for  initial  expenses  and  to  insure  against  loss 
the  first  year.  The  amount  needed  will  vary,  according  to  the  scale 
on  which  the  work  is  undertaken,  from  $100.00  in  the  case  of  a  single 
small  unit,  to  several  thousand  dollars  where  one  or  more  large  units 
are  started  and  the  preliminary  work  requires  a  paid  secretary  and 
field  worker. 

3d.  Canvass  employers  to  determine  how  many  workers  may  be 
needed. 

4th.     Find  a  suitable  site,  secure  house  or  tents  and  equipment. 

5th.  Enroll  workers  and  secure  a  competent  head,  and  assistants 
if  needed. 

6th.    Arrange  transportation,  questions  of  wages,  etc. 

The  preliminary  work  of  publicity  among  farmers  and  workers 
should  be  begun  as  soon  as  possible. 

Much  help  may  be  expected  from  Farm  Bureaus  and  State  Em- 
ployment Bureaus,  State  Colleges  of  Agriculture,  Women's  Colleges 
and  Alumnae  Associations,  The  Woman's  National  Farm  and  Garden 
Association,  The  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  Women's 
Clubs,  The  National  Women's  Farm  Laborers  Association  and  many 
other  agencies. 

Further  information  may  be  had  from  the  War  Work  Council: 

Mrs.  John  E.  Newell, 
Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill, 
Miss  Delia  W.  Marble, 

Chairman,  Bedford,  New  York. 

A  Unit  Plan  for  Agricultural  Workers 

Purpose.  To  increase  the  food  supply  there  is  great  need  of  more 
labor  on  farms.  Women  have  demonstrated  in  Europe  that  they  are 
able  to  perform  efficiently  almost  every  kind  of  farm  work.  In  this 
country  three  types  of  women  are  available  for  such  work. 

1.  Educated  women,  such  as  college  students  and  teachers,  who 
wish  to  devote  the  long  summer  vacation  to  this  form  of  patriotic 
service. 

2.  All-round  working  women,  strong  but  unskilled,  who  may  be 
turned  permanently  to  farm  labor. 

3.  Factory  workers  in  the  seasonal  trades,  thrown  out  of  their 
regular  employment  in  the  summer,  who  would  profit  physically  and 
socially  as  well  as  financially  from  a  few  months  of  farm  work. 


Most  farmers  in  this  part  of  the  country  are  not  used  to  women  as 
farm  laborers;  they  must  be  persuaded  to  try  them  and  be  convinced 
of  their  value.  One  great  diflEiculty  in  the  way  of  introducing  women 
into  this  work  is  the  impossibility  of  housing  and  feeding  them  con- 
veniently in  the  farmer's  household. 

The  Unit.  To  meet  this  situation  the  Unit  Plan  is  proposed, — 
i.  e.,  the  organization  of  groups  of  women  workers,  numbering  from 
about  six  to  fifty  or  more,  who  shall  live  and  eat  together  in  a  centre, 
and  go  out  from  there  singly  or  in  squads  to  work  by  the  day  on  farms 
or  estates  in  the  vicinity. 

Residence.  The  members  of  the  Unit  may  live  in  a  house,  unused 
and  loaned  for  the  purpose,  in  a  barn  temporarily  fitted  up  for  camp- 
ing, or  in  tents. 

Food.  The  catering  and  cooking  may  be  done  by  one  or  more 
dietitians  or  cooks,  who  may  be  members  of  the  Unit  or  women  hired 
for  the  purpose. 

Transportation.  The  workers  may  be  carried  to  their  work  by 
motor-cars  or  other  vehicles  owned  by  the  Unit  or  loaned  by  neighbors 
or  employers. 

Wages.  There  are  at  least  two  practicable  systems  of  arranging 
wages.  The  Unit  may  pay  each  member  a  regular  weekly  wage  and 
board  and  receive  from  the  employers  all  money  earned  by  the 
workers;  or  the  workers  may  themselves  receive  from  their  employers 
the  pay  per  day  or  by  piece  work  and  share  the  expenses  of  the 
household. 

Supervision.  A  supervisor  should  be  in  charge  of  the  Unit.  She 
may  be  one  of  the  workers,  more  mature  than  the  others  and  fitted 
for  leadership,  or  some  volunteer  experienced  in  managing  young 
women. 

Careful  bookkeeping  is  necessary  in  order  that  the  wages  and 
expense  accounts  may  be  properly  managed.  In  small  Units  this  may 
be  done  by  the  supervisor,  or  some  interested  volunteer  from  the 
neighborhood  may  undertake  it. 

Capital.  Some  capital  is  generally  necessary  to  start  the  Unit, 
though  the  money  may  afterwards  be  refunded  from  the  earnings  of 
the  workers. 

Equipment  may  be  purchased  for  a  small  sum,  and  often  much  of 
it,  such  as  simple  furniture,  may  be  given  or  loaned  from  neighboring 
households. 

Physical  Examinations.  No  woman  should  be  enrolled  in  the 
Unit  unless  she  has  been  carefully  examined  by  a  physician  and  pro- 
nounced physically  fit.  All  women  workers  sent  out  by  the  Standing 
Committee  on  Agriculture  have  been  certified  in  this  way. 

Variations.  There  may  be  many  variations  of  this  typical  Unit, 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  locahty,  the  kind  of  farm  work  needed, 
the  women  available  and  the  resources  at  hand. 


For  example,  in  a  fruit  country  the  workers  may  all  do  piece  work 
on  one  farm,  instead  of  scattering  during  the  day.  Under  other  con- 
ditions the  Unit  may  be  organized  as  a  training  camp,  with  an  agri- 
cultural expert  to  teach  the  women  various  forms  of  agriculture. 
Occasionally  it  may  be  possible  to  induce  the  workers  to  go  out  from 
the  centre  to  assist  farmers'  wives  in  household  work.  Sometimes  it 
maybe  convenient  for  a  small  Unit  to  board  with  some  family,  instead 
of  doing  its  own  catering.  Many  other  adaptations  are  possible  to 
meet  local  needs  and  conditions. 

[Issued  by  the  Standing  Committee  on  Agriculture  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  of  Women  on  National  Defense,  6  East  39th  Street, 
New  York  City.] 

Supplementary  Suggestions 

The  Camps  should  be  open  from  May  till  October  if  possible. 

In  the  case  of  small  Units  of  ten  or  twelve,  the  employer  may  pro- 
vide shelter,  cots,  stove  and  cooking  utensils,  the  workers  to  bring 
their  own  bedding,  table  utensils,  and  to  provide  their  own  food. 

The  employers  should  pay  the  prevailing  local  rate  of  wages  as 
for  men  day  laborers,  whether  by  piece  work  or  for  an  eight  hour  day. 

The  cost  of  transportation  to  and  from  work  may  be  paid  by  the 
employers  according  to  the  usage  of  the  locality. 

The  ideal  large  camp  would  probably  consist  of  a  house  for  kitchen, 
dining  and  living  rooms,  and  tents  for  sleeping;  a  lake  or  stream  nearby 
is  a  great  advantage. 

A  convenient  imiform  should  be  worn.  In  one  camp  this  consisted 
of  blue  shirt  and  overalls,  in  another  middy  blouse,  bloomers  and  golf 
stockings  were  worn.  One  English  uniform  is  a  belted  smock  or  long 
coat,  knickerbockers  and  gaiters. 

Where  possible,  arrangements  should  be  made  for  agricultural 
instruction  for  the  workers,  by  lectures  or  in  a  camp  garden. 

Some  Endorsements  of  the  Work  Accomplished 

November  14th,  191 7. 
Barnard  College,  Columbia  University,  New  York. 
The  Farm  Camp  at  Bedford  Village  opened  June  4th  with  twenty 
girls,  which  number  rapidly  grew  to  sixty  who,  together  with  three 
or  four  chauffeurs,  two  or  three  dietitians,  three  houseworkers,  a 
bookkeeper,  ah  agriculturist  and  myself,  gave  us  a  family  of  over 
seventy.  People  varied  in  length  of  stay  from  a  week  to  four  months, 
about  250  individuals  working  at  the  camp  in  the  various  capacities. 
We  had  a  small  garden,  for  home  consumption  only,  the  main  object 
being  to  send  the  girls  out  to  work  on  neighboring  farms.  All  our 
workers  of  whatever  kind  or  grade,  with  a  few  exceptions,  received 
$15  a  month  and  board.  The  money  paid  by  the  farmers  went  to  the 


camp,  payment  being  at  the  rate  of  $2  a  day.  The  girls  worked  eight 
hours  a  day  on  the  farms,  in  addition  to  various  "chores"  at  home, 
such  as  milking,  caring  for  chickens,  and  doing  most  of  their  own 
washing.  They  were  delivered  to  the  employers  in  our  cars,  going  to 
distances  within  a  radius  of  fifteen  miles.  They  wore  men's  blue  over- 
alls. There  was  universal  approval  of  their  work  among  the  employers, 
and  regret  when  we  closed,  and  there  was  universal  improvement  in 
health  and  enjoyment  of  the  work  among  the  girls. 

(Signed)  Ida  Ogilvie, 
Dean  of  the  Camp. 

"Braewold, "  Mount  Kisco,  New  York. 

I  have  your  request  for  a  statement  in  regard  to  the  work  of  the 
"Farm  Girls"  of  the  Bedford  Village  Colony  during  the  past  season 
and  I  reply  with  pleasure.  As  President  of  the  Bedford  Farmers  Club, 
I  was  glad  to  give  an  official  of  the  National  Agriculture  Department 
an  opportunity  to  make  public  inquiry  of  the  members  of  the 
Club,  at  its  October  meeting,  as  to  their  experience  with  the  work  of 
these  girls. 

Some  eight  or  ten  who  had  employed  them  gave  emphatic  testi- 
mony as  to  the  efficiency  of  their  labor,  their  marked  intelligence,  their 
eagerness  to  learn  the  "reason  why"  of  agricultural  operations,  their 
zest  and  steadfastness  in  their  work  and  their  pleasant  and  un- 
exceptionable demeanor. 

While  they  were  physically  too  light  for  heavy  farm  work  they  yet 
accomplished  such  results  that  production  hereabouts  was  consider- 
ably increased.  I  may  add  that  my  own  experience  with  them  was  in 
accord  with  these  statements. 

If  the  expected  labor  shortage  during  the  coming  year  is  realized 
there  will  be  an  increased  demand  for  such  labor.  They  were  paid 
twenty-five  cents  an  hour  for  this  work. 

(Signed)  James  Wood. 

Women  Epeicient  in  Agriculture 

Orchard  Farm,  Ghent,  N.  Y. 

Editor,  The  Garden  Club  of  America:  In  reply  to  numerous 
inquiries  in  relation  to  the  work  of  women  in  agriculture  and  especially 
on  my  own  farm  I  am  glad  to  give  results  from  a  practical  business 
standpoint. 

For  more  than  ten  years,  I  have  had  experience  in  the  employment 
of  women  on  my  fruit  farm.  This  has  been  with  college  girls  who  have 
come  from  cities  to  learn  the  practical  side  of  horticulture,  in  the 
propagation  of  plants  in  connection  with  the  study  of  botany.  A 
number  of  neighborhood  girls  and  women  have  been  employed  in 
picking,  assorting,  and  packing  fruit  for  market. 


On  account  of  the  War,  through  191 7  there  has  been  a  serious 
shortage  of  labor  on  farms  and  especially  of  harvesters  to  gather  crops 
after  they  had  been  largely  increased  to  meet  the  needs  of  our  own  and 
other  coim tries.  We  began  early  to  secure  women  to  assist  in  the 
handling  of  large  crops  of  cherries,  apples,  pears  and  plums.  Instruc- 
tion was  given  them  in  the  process  of  thinning  apples  on  nearly  8,000 
trees,  work  that  much  improves  the  fruit. 

We  have  found  from  experience  that  women  are  better  adapted  to 
this  work  than  men,  for  the  reason  that  they  follow  instructions  more 
closely  and  keep  to  the  rule  of  allowing  six  inches  of  space  between 
all  apples  on  the  branches,  while  most  men,  seeing  the  ground  covered 
with  apples,  let  up  considering  that  the  work  is  wasteful,  when  their 
work  often  has  to  be  done  over  again.  The  motives  of  the  men  are 
right  but  their  practice  is  not. 

In  assorting  and  packing  fruit  we  find  women  are  more  adept, — 
by  intuition  they  see  more  small  defects,  and  reject  more  specimens 
that  are  not  strictly  up  to  the  required  grade.  During  the  past  season 
a  large  crop  of  apples  was  successfully  harvested  and  sent  to  market, 
with  twenty-five  per  cent  less  men  than  usual.  A  few  well  trained 
women  assisted  in  picking  and  others  were  steadily  upon  the  work  of 
assorting  and  packing.  Careful  personal  instruction  was  given  to  the 
workers  in  the  orchards  and  in  the  packing  house,  railroad  officials 
were  given  timely  notice  of  the  number  of  cars  and  when  needed, 
with  the  result  that  with  increased  efficiency  of  a  less  number  of 
workers  the  large  crop  of  apples  was  secured  and  marketed  in  fifteen 
days  less  than  usual,  while  over  a  wide  section,  much  injury  was  sus- 
tained by  the  freezing  of  apples  and  potatoes  before  they  could  be 
gathered. 

In  meeting  Farmers  Clubs,  the  members  of  which  in  a  few  instances 
have  employed  groups  of  college  girls  the  past  year,  much  satisfaction 
has  been  expressed  and  favorable  opinion  given  upon  the  efficiency 
of  their  work. 

The  problem  of  labor  in  food  production  in  191 8  is  far  from  cer- 
tainty or  satisfaction  in  its  outlook.  There  are  many  women  who  are 
forced  to  support  themselves  and  their  famihes.  Through  prompt 
action  many  of  these  may  be  utilized  upon  farms.  They  are  much 
needed  in  farmers  families,  giving  part  time  to  household  work  and 
part  time  to  work  out  in  the  fields  in  planting,  cultivating,  and  har- 
vesting crops. 

College  girls  have  demonstrated  the  past  year,  that  in  a  short  time 
they  may  be  mentally  and  physically  well  prepared  to  render  efficient 
service  in  farm  work.  From  their  environment  and  training  they  are 
able  to  quickly  grasp  the  requirements  and  to  adjust  themselves  to 
new  lines  of  work.  We  know  that  with  ten  minutes  instruction  given 
in  the  use  of  a  hoe,  in  the  culture  of  corn,  beans,  potatoes  in  field  or 


garden  crops,  that  girls  have  very  soon  done  more  and  better  work 
than  many  farm  laborers  who  are  paid  higher  wages  than  they  are 
worth.  While  many  men  will  drop  a  tool  the  moment  the  time  has 
come  to  quit,  college  girls  are  known  to  have  finished  ten  or  twenty 
or  more  feet  of  rows,  before  they  would  leave  their  work  in  an  _un- 
finished  condition. 

For  untrained  women  in  cities,  many  of  whom  may  be  helped  to 
render  service  in  farm  work,  it  is  imperative  that  they  have  some 
opportunity  to  receive  certain  instructions,  without  which  they  would 
be  useless.  Opportunity  should  be  given  such,  to  assemble  in  classes, 
when  they  may  be  given  definite  practical  instruction  upon  such 
subjects  as  the  soil,  its  tillage,  seeds,  planting,  habits  of  growth  and 
after  cultivation.  Instruction  should  be  given  on  methods  in  garden- 
ing, fruit-culture,  dairy  work,,  and  care  in  feeding  and  rearing  poultry. 

If  women  may  obtain  some  instruction  along  these  lines,  they  may 
go  out  to  farms  and  take  up  certain  lines  of  work  far  more  intelligently 
and  efl&ciently.  An  important  problem  is  that  of  obtaining  instructors 
who  are  competent  to  teach  the  most  essential  things  in  this  prepara- 
tory work.  Theoretical  and  technical  teaching  will  not  meet  the 
needs.  Those  who  have  a  good  fund  of  knowledge  from  practical  ex- 
perience will  be  found  most  valuable  for  this  special  work  of  teaching. 

Having  had  somewhat  extended  experience  in  the  organization  of 
Garden  Clubs,  and  in  defining  policies  to  be  followed  in  their  work,  I 
am  convinced  that  from  the  working  membership  of  these  clubs,  there 
are  many  women  who  are  especially  well  quahfied  to  be  the  most 
successful  teachers  of  working  women  and  others  who  would  be  in- 
terested to  go  out  to  farms  as  wage  earners.  English  and  French 
women  of  high  social  standing  have  rendered  most  valuable  and 
efficient  service  as  instructors  of  other  women  upon  whom  have  fallen 
the  responsibility  of  becoming  the  food  producers  of  the  nations  at 
war. 

In  a  meeting  of  the  Woman's  National  Farm  and  Garden  Associa- 
tion, where  the  speakers  were  selected  from  its  membership,  women 
who  had  done  most  successful  work  in  gardening,  poultry,  and  farm 
crops,  we  have  never  heard  in  any  organization  of  men,  scientific  or 
other,  more  clean-cut,  direct,  and  practical  instruction  and  informa- 
tion given  than  by  the  speakers  who  gave  their  experiences,  with  the 
most  practical  and  helpful  suggestions  for  correcting  some  mistakes 
they  had  made  in  their  work. 

Through  educational  work  that  may  be  done  by  Garden  Clubs, 
through  co-operation,  with  other  organizations,  many  women  may 
be  helped  to  efficiently  fit  into  places  on  many  farms  where  their  work 
may  be  highly  productive  and  satisfactory  to  themselves,  their  em- 
ployers and  to  the  present  great  needs  of  our  nation. 

(Signed)  George  T.  Powell. 


Eight  Hours  a  Day  on  the  Vassar  Farm 

Eight  hours  a  day  for  eight  weeks  of  the  past  summer,  twelve 
Vassar  girls  worked  on  the  Vassar  College  farm. 

In  the  spring  came  a  call  from  the  Government  for  more  farm 
produce  to  meet  the  war  demand.  More  produce  meant  more  farm 
labor. 

Men  were  enlisting  and  being  drafted  into  the  army.  Where  were 
even  the  regular  farm  hands  coming  from?  Those  twelve  girls 
answered  the  question  in  part. 

Here  was  a  college  farm  of  740  acres.  Extra  men  were  needed 
in  the  summer  season.  Why  not  try  girls  instead?  College  girls? 
Why  not! 

Commissioner  John  H.  Finley  of  New  York  State  made  the  sug- 
gestion. It  was  approved  by  President  H,  N.  MacCracken  of  Vassar 
College  and  authorized  by  the  board  of  trustees  with  one  provision: 

The  scheme  must  be  made  a  business  proposition.  It  must  show 
resiilts  in  dollars  and  cents. 

It  was  decided  that  twelve  was  a  convenient  number  to  handle. 
Could  twelve  girls  willing  to  forego  their  summer  vacation  be  found? 
Thirty-three  volunteered  immediately.  Out  of  these  the  twelve  were 
chosen  largely  on  a  basis  of  good  health. 

Room  and  meals  were  provided  in  the  main  dormitory  at  a  mini- 
mum cost  of  $5.50  a  week.  Their  wages  were  i']}4  cents  an  hour. 

The  following  letter,  written  by  Superintendent  Louis  P.  Gillespie 
of  Vassar  College  to  Miss  Alice  M.  Campbell,  student  manager  of  the 
Farm  Unit,  speaks  for  itself: 

Vassar  College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
September  22,  1917. 

My  dear  Miss  Campbell:  I  want  to  tell  you  of  the  wonderful 
success  we  have  had  this  year  in  the  way  of  bumper  crops  in  the  farm 
and  garden. 

Outside  of  those  connected  with  the  college,  there  are  not  many 
who  know  to  what  extent  the  operations  of  our  farms  are  conducted. 
Few  are  aware  that  we  have  a  tested  herd  of  180  head  of  thoroughbred 
and  grade  Holstein  cattle,  that  supplies  the  college  milk  and  cream 
each  year;  350  pure  bred  barred  and  white  Plymouth  Rock  chickens; 
130  pigs,  and  17  horses. 

A  greater  part  of  the  feed  for  all  these,  as  well  as  sufi6cient  white 
and  yellow  corn  for  meal,  for  bread,  pastry,  etc.,  has  been  produced 
on  our  farms  in  addition  to  4,000  bushels  of  potatoes,  600  bushels  of 
tomatoes,  4  acres  of  asparagus,  and  great  quantities  of  sweet  corn, 
celery,  cauliflower,  cabbage,  beans,  beets,  carrots,  turnips,  parsnips, 
salsify,  okra,  soy  beans. 


We  are  especially  gratified  at  this  time  and  it  is  a  matter  of  much 
pride  to  know  that  a  very  great  amount  of  the  work  necessary  for  this 
large  production  has  been  done  by  some  of  our  students. 

They  took  great  interest  in  the  work  and  did  the  work  just  as  well 
as  the  average  man  and  made  good  far  beyond  the  most  sanguine 
expectations.  (Signed)  Louis  P.  Gillespie, 

General  Superintendent. 

Women  of  the  Land  Army  in  England  at  Work 
Extracts  from  The  Times,  London,  July  26,  1917. 

From  12  counties  women  came  to  the  Women's  Farm  Competi- 
tions held  at  Mr.  Gilbey's  Estate,  Bishop's  Stortford.  Eight  classes  of 
entries  were:  Milking;  poultry  killing  and  plucking;  manure  carting; 
ditching  and  hedge  trimming;  harnessing;  harrowing;  driving  and  hoe- 
ing. Some  of  the  best  known  farmers  in  Hertfordshire  and  Essex 
acted  as  judges  and  so  close  was  the  competition  that  even  the  judges, 
who  had  a  very  fair  knowledge  of  the  good  work  on  the  land  which 
was  being  done  by  women,  were  surprised. 

The  purpose  was  to  convince  unbelieving  farmers  that  there  are 
certain  farm  operations  which  women  can  do  as  well  as  men.  The 
competitors  achieved  even  more;  they  converted  many  women  on- 
lookers to  the  call  of  the  land.  Across  the  sun-scorched  fields  the  land 
women,  bronzed  and  freckled,  strode  with  easy  step,  splendidly 
healthy.  With  bill-hook  and  stick  they  cleared  out  the  ditches. 
Strong  of  arm,  they  piled  their  carts  with  manure.  They  hoed,  draw- 
ing the  earth  well  up  around  the  plants.  They  harnessed  horses  that 
seemed  to  need  as  many  odds  and  ends  for  their  working  toilet  as  a 
beauty  dressing  for  her  first  ball. 

The  women  milked  cows  that  they  did  not  know  —  always  a 
perilous  thing  to  do  — first  making  friends  with  them.  But  the  driving 
tests  were  among  the  hardest.  Two  inches  on  either  side  was  all  the 
space  that  was  allowed  between  the  wheels  of  their  milk  carts  and  the 
white  posts  which  lined  the  course  and  fell  if  they  were  but  grazed  by 
the  vehicles. 

The  competitors  were  a  democratic  crowd.  Here  was  a  pretty 
housemaid  who  had  acquired  a  great  fund  of  high  spirits  with  her 
freedom  from  broom  and  backstairs,  and  there  was  a  girl  fresh  from 
training  at  the  old  universities,  whose  straight  harrowing  was  a  delight 
to  watch. 

In  spite  of  many  other  demands  for  women's  services,  the  call  of 
the  land  still  remains  strong  and  the  need  urgent.  It  must  not  be 
thought  that  because  the  autumn  has  set  in  women  are  no  longer 
wanted.  Cows  must  be  milked,  stock  tended,  and  the  cleaning  of  the 
land  carried  on,  and  there  are  also  the  claims  of  forestry  and  forage. 


Yesterday,  at  the  Food  Production  Branch  of  the  Board  of  Agri- 
culture, the  Hon.  Mrs.  Alfred  Lyttelton  spoke  of  the  great  success 
which  had  attended  the  work  of  the  land  women,  both  part-time 
workers  and  land  army. 

"The  part-time  workers  have  greatly  increased  throughout  the 
country,"  she  said;  "they  are  the  mainstay  of  food  production,  and 
this  year  there  are  200,000  of  them.  The  mobile  women's  land  army, 
which  was  started  early  in  March,  during  six  months'  work  has  had 
6,000  women  in  its  ranks,  who  have  been  so  carefully  chosen  that  the 
percentage  of  failures  has  proved  negligible.  Any  surplus  not  working 
we  lend  to  the  Forestry  and  Forage  Department  of  the  War  Office 
and  the  Timber  Supply  Department,  and  they  enjoy  the  work 
greatly.  Both  Departments  use  our  selection  boards.  When  the  girls 
are  employed  on  forestry  they  work  behind  the  men,  and  live  in  huts 
and  tents  when  there  are  no  hostels  available.  They  measure  the 
trees  for  sleepers,  saw  them,  and  in  some  cases  even  fell  them.  The 
forage-girls  do  hay  baling  in  groups  of  four,  working  with  two  or  three 
soldiers  imder  a  leader.  All  the  women  doing  this  kind  of  work  are 
educated,  and  many  of  them  have  thrown  up  good  billets  for  work 
on  the  land."  Delia  W.  Marble,  Chairman. 

Committee  Reports 

The  Committee  appointed  to  encourage  honest  nurserymen 
expects  to  change  its  name  to  the  Committee  on  Trade  Relations. 
Its  appeal  to  the  American  Society  of  Landscape  Architects  has 
met  with  a  hearty  response.  The  Chairman  of  our  Committee  has 
been  invited  to  meet  with  their  Committee  on  Trade  Relations  and 
a  similar  Committee  of  the  Nursery  Growers  Association  in  New  York 
on  January  3d.  No  doubt  vigorous  action  will  be  taken  to  start  a 
campaign  for  the  elimination  of  graft,  involving  many  attendant 
evils,  especially  likely  to  become  rampant  in  wartime.  Nurserymen, 
landscape  gardeners,  employers,  and  employees  are  earnestly  urged  to 
co-operate  with  us  in  trying  to  stamp  out  this  insidious  practice. 

Rose  Standish  Nichols,  Chairman. 

Committee  on  Honorary  Award 

In  spite  of  a  generally  expressed  opinion  that  this  was  not  a 
favorable  time  to  collect  the  sum  of  $1,540  necessary  for  the  design  for 
a  Garden  Club  medal,  S539  has  already  been  collected,  and  additional 
sums  are  promised.  The  medal  will  not,  however,  be  ordered  at  pres- 
ent and  it  has  been  suggested  that  the  money  now  subscribed  be  in- 
vested in  Liberty  Bonds.  It  is  possible  that  under  these  circumstances 
others  may  wish  to  send  subscriptions,  the  money  to  be  used  later  for 
the  medal.  Louisa  Y.  King,  Chairman. 


Committee  on  the  Promotion  of  the  Study  of  Agriculture 
in  Secondary  Schools 

This  committee  has  nothing  to  report  as  yet.  Data  has  been  col- 
lected, but  the  matter  is  still  so  much  in  embryo  that  it  is  doubtful 
whether  for  the  time  anything  could  be  done  to  promote  it.  The 
work  should  embrace  more  than  ordinary  gardens,  which  are,  after 
all,  nothing  more  than  a  healthful  pastime,  but  it  is  felt  that  the 
subject  could  be  broadened  into  a  practical  and  helpful  activity. 

Alice  Kingsbury,  Chairman. 

Boy  Garden  Units 

For  some  reason,  gardening  has  never  been  a  popular  profession 
in  America.  In  every  other  country  it  is  taught  as  an  honorable, 
interesting,  and  remimerative  trade  but  here  it  is  an  accident. 

Women  can  be  used  temporarily  on  the  land  but  when  the  war  is 
over  they  will  be  needed  for  other  things.  Boys  properly  trained  would 
find  a  permanent  occupation. 

We  would  not  suggest  training  for  farm  work.  That  is  being  done 
in  agricultural  schools,  but  there  are  no  schools  that  specialize  in 
practical  flower-gardening.  An  apprentice  system  is  the  thing  really 
needed,  but  in  its  absence  much  could  be  done  by  organizing  groups 
of  boys  from  14  to  17  in  communities  where  large  flower  and  vegetable 
gardens  are  frequent. 

The  boys  could  be  housed  as  are  the  women  units  with  a  respon- 
sible middle-aged  woman  to  cook  for  and  look  after  them.  They 
might  then  be  "rented"  for  their  board  and  a  small  bonus  paid  direct 
to  the  boy,  to  neighboring  gardeners,  preferably  to  people  who  did 
much  of  their  own  garden  work  or  at  least  supervised  personally,  on 
condition  that  they  be  given  practice  along  various  lines,  not  merely 
be  kept  weeding  or  hoeing  or  grass-cutting  and  that  they  work  for 
not  more  than  six  hours  a  day.  The  remaining  two  or  three  hours 
should  be  given  to  classes  and  study  of  plant  material,  soil  conditions, 
etc. 

In  other  words,  the  boys  should  be  given  varied  and  interesting 
work  and  while  they  are  learning  how  to  do  each  thing  learn  why  also. 
The  owner  or  head-gardener  should  undertake  to  work  with  them  and 
make  every  effort  to  arouse  their  interest.  Their  class  instructor  must 
be  a  man  or  woman  really  interested  in  the  project  and  able  to  reach 
and  hold  the  enthusiasm  of  the  pupils. 

The  end  and  aim  of  the  experiment  should  be  not  to  supply  casual 
labor  during  a  time  of  dearth  but  to  so  interest  the  boys  that  to  be  good 
gardeners  would  seem  the  high  ambition  that  it  is.  Results  would 
depend  largely  on  the  garden  owners,  their  superintendents  or  head 
gardeners.  Much  time,  much  thought,  and  unflagging  patience  would 


be  needed.  The  director  of  the  plan  should  give  careful  consideration 
to  this  side  of  the  question. 

The  boys,  too,  should  be  carefully  chosen  from  a  class  who  might 
be  suitably  thus  employed  and  from  a  type  who  gave  promise  of  suc- 
cess. This  plan  intelligently  carried  out,  would  be  constructive  war 
work,  temporarily  useful  and  with  a  promising  future.         K.  L.  B. 

The  Crude  Drug  Situation  in  the  United  States 

With  the  beginning  of  this  great  war  the  United  States  was  con- 
fronted with  a  very  serious  problem,  namely,  how  to  obtain  certain 
crude  drugs  the  entire  supply  of  which  came  from  the  countries  at 
war.  It  has  now  been  proven  that  certain  of  the  drugs  can  be  grown 
successfully  in  certain  parts  of  this  country.  Since  the  United  States 
has  entered  the  war  the  demand  for  these  drugs  has  increased  far 
beyond  the  ordinary  requirements,  and  this  fact  necessitates  im- 
mediate action. 

This  work  is  being  taken  up  with  estate  owners  throughout  the 
country  who  have  a  greenhouse  or  land  that  can  be  used  and  with 
their  assistance  it  will  be  possible  to  relieve  the  great  shortage  quickly 
and  with  the  combined  efforts  of  their  superintendents  and  gardeners, 
men  who  are  the  cultural  experts  of  the  country,  the  methods  of 
growing  can  be  so  worked  out  that  an  industry  can  be  founded  which 
will  make  the  United  States  independent  of  the  imported  supply. 

We  have  canvassed  all  the  seed  houses  in  this  country  and  have 
procured  a  large  percentage  of  the  very  limited  amount  of  medicinal 
herb  seed  in  the  United  States. 

Some  of  the  drugs  that  can  be  grown  in  this  country,  for  which 
there  is  an  increased  demand  and  a  supply  not  sufficient  to  meet  the 
ordinary  demands,  are  Belladonna  (Atropa  Belladonna),  Indian  Hemp 
(Cannabis  Indica),  Henbane  (Hyoscyamus  Niger),  Digitalis  (Digitalis 
Purpurea),  Valerian  (Valeriana  Officinalis),  Poppy  (Papaver  Somni- 
ferum).  Sage  (Salvia  Officinalis),  and  Caraway  (Carum  Carui), 

Belladonna  is  probably  the  most  important  as  it  has  a  very  ex- 
tensive and  varied  therapeutic  use.  It  is  a  perennial  of  the  nightshade 
(Solanaceae)  family  and  is  a  native  of  Central  Europe.  The  seed  of 
this  plant  is  sown  in  greenhouses  during  January  and  is  transplanted 
to  the  field  early  in  the  spring.  The  leaves  are  ready  to  be  harvested 
during  the  last  of  the  summer.  A  space  of  270  sq.  ft.  in  the  greenhouse 
or  140  sq.  ft.  in  the  greenhouse  and  140  sq.  ft.  in  cold  frames  will  pro- 
duce enough  plants  in  2-inch  pots  to  plant  an  acre.  A  normal  yield  is 
400  lbs.  of  dried  leaves  per  acre.  Before  the  war  these  leaves  sold  for 
30c  per  lb.  and  today  it  is  scarcely  obtainable  at  $2.00  per  lb. 

Digitalis,  Valerian  and  Henbane  require  the  same  general  cultural 
treatment. 


Indian  Hemp,  Poppy  and  Caraway  are  sown  in  the  fields  and  are 
given  cultural  treatment  similar  to  field  corn.  Sage  seed  is  sown  in 
seed  beds  in  the  spring,  is  pricked  out  and  transplanted  into  the  field. 

In  order  to  superintend  and  instruct  the  superintendents  and 
gardeners  in  this  work  the  services  of  one  of  the  few  successful  growers 
of  drug  plants  has  been  secured. 

If  you  would  care  to  devote  either  a  part  of  your  greenhouse  or 
land  or  both  to  growing  drug  plants,  I  would  be  glad  to  supply  you 
with  the  necessary  seed  and  to  superintend  the  planting,  cultivation, 
and  harvesting  of  the  crops.  I  think  it  would  be  fair  after  the  crop  is 
raised  that  you  own  half  of  it  and  I  take  one-half,  to  defray  the  cost 
to  me  of  the  seed  and  superintendence,  and  the  cost  of  drying,  which, 
to  ensure  the  highest  quality,  has  to  be  done  in  a  specially  con- 
structed house,  heated  to  a  high  temperature. 

Should  you  desire  to  donate  one-half  of  your  share  of  the  crop  to 
the  American  Red  Cross,  I  will  join  you  and  do  likewise  with  my 
share. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  send  further  particulars. 

C.  Clifton  Lewis, 
150  Nassau  Street,  New  York,  and 
722  French  Street,  Wilmington,  Del. 

The  Short  Hills  Garden  Club  Dahlia  Show 

Our  Dahlia  Show  was  a  problem  this  year.  We  had  established  for 
it  an  enviable  reputation,  and  it  seemed  a  pity  to  give  it  up.  Our 
time  and  our  labor  was  needed  for  the  National  Cause,  and  we 
must  do  oux  bit,  come  what  may.  So  at  last  we  called  in  our  beloved 
Dahlia  to  help  —  and  help  it  did. 

It  was  too  late  to  buy  tubers  when  we  finally  decided  to  have 
the  show  for  the  benefit  of  the  Red  Cross,  so  that  only  a  few  of  our 
members  could  show  novelties.  But  the  old  favorites  were  favorites 
still,  and  the  loving  care  given  them  was  rewarded  by  the  plant's  best 
efforts.  Our  friends  came  from  distant  cities  to  see  the  blooms,  and 
were  most  enthusiastic  over  what  they  saw.  Even  hardened  dahlia 
specialists  of  many  years'  professional  experience,  admitted  that  our 
Show,  though  smaller,  of  course,  was  better  in  quality  than  the  New 
York  Show. 

The  walls  were  banked  with  a  veritable  forest  of  autumn  leaves 
and  autumn  berries.  The  soft  green  burlap  with  which  we  always 
cover  the  tables,  brought  out  the  color  of  the  blooms  in  full  relief,  as 
in  their  natural  surroundings.  The  flower  arrangements  were  particu- 
larly original  and  very  lovely. 

The  blooms  were  all  sold,  some  individually,  and  some  at  auction, 
and  enough  money  was  realized  to  keep  our  Surgical  Dressing  workers 
well  supplied  with  material. 


Thus  we  were  able  to  do  our  part  toward  the  National  Cause, 
even  when  we  were  enjoying  those  happy  moments  in  the  garden 
which  we  all  crave. 

May  we  beg  our  sister  Garden  Clubs  to  do  this  sort  of  thing  next 
year?  We  must  not  set  aside  all  things  beautiful  during  these  sorrow- 
ful days.  "All  work  and  no  play  makes  Jack  a  dull  boy."  We  need 
relaxation  from  the  stress  and  strain  of  our  work,  and  if  our  play  can 
also  be  of  service  to  our  coimtry,  by  all  means  let  us  still  have  our 
flowers. 

Henrietta  M.  Stout. 
(Mrs.  Charles  M.  Stout.) 

Committee  on  the  Preservation  of 
Wild  Flowers 

"  There  is  great  uncertainty  as  to  whether  Holland  bulbs  —  such 
as  Hyacinths,  Tuhps,  Jonquils,  Daffodils  and  all  those  spring  beauties 
—  can  reach  our  shores  this  fall.  Since  February  ist  not  a  single  ship- 
ment of  Holland  products  has  arrived.  War  or  no  war,  we  must  have 
flowers  in  our  gardens,  and  particularly  so  in  the  early  spring,  when  our 
very  souls  yearn  for  the  things  that  peep  through  the  ground. 

"Do  you  know  that  we  can  make  our  gardens  just  delightful  by 
using  the  very  material  that  is  nodding  at  our  back  door  —  flowers 
which  grow  in  the  fields  and  woods?  Some  of  them  you  have  always 
bought  and  thought  you  had  a  rarity. 

"Now,  let  me  tell  you  it  is  not  easy  to  collect  wild  flowers,  for  you 
can  only  collect  them  while  dormant,  and  then  you  don't  know  how  to 
find  them.  It  is  not  easy,  either,  to  dig  them,  and  some  times  you 
spend  a  whole  day  and  find  but  a  handful. 

"But  I  have  a  friend  who  is  an  expert  at  this  and  he  makes  it  a  busi- 
ness, and  being,  therefore,  at  headquarters,  I  am  able  to  offer  them  at 
remarkably  low  prices. 

"If  you  have  a  piece  of  wood  land  which  you  wish  to  beautify  in- 
expensively here  is  your  opportunity  to  do  so. 

''The  roots  are  delivered  at  the  time  they  are  dug  up  and  are  shipped 
direct  from  the  collector  to  the  consumer;  but  it  is  not  always  possible 
to  ship  several  sorts  at  one  time. 

"Owing  to  the  low  cost  of  these  things,  no  order  for  less  than  25  of  a 
kind  is  accepted." 

The  above  extract  appeared  in  Fuld's  catalogue  for  July,  1917. 
Would  it  not  be  possible  for  The  Garden  Club  of  America  to  make 
some  protest  against  a  method  of  procuring  wild  flowers,  that  means 
complete  devastation  of  one  of  nature's  gardens,  followed,  probably, 
by  the  extinction  of  many  of  our  native  plants? 


Some  of  us  have  "wild  gardens"  that  we  think  more  lovely  than 
any  other  t)^e  of  garden,  but  is  it  fair  to  procure  this  pleasure  at  the 
expense  of  what  has  been  given  to  the  whole  world  to  enjoy? 

There  are  seedsmen*  who  propagate  by  means  of  cuttings  or  seeds, 
and  who  thus  increase  the  numbers  of  our  wild  flowers.  Methods  such 
as  those  described  by  Mr.  Fuld,  in  his  catalogue,  however,  mean  the 
selfish  enjoyment  of  the  few  while  thousands  who  have  neither  the 
money  nor  the  time  to  have  gardens  of  their  own,  must  wander 
through  woods  and  fields  made  bare  by  the  ruthless  hand  of  com- 
mercialism. 

(Mrs.  H.  W.  Hack)  Joanna  H.  Hack, 

Short  Hills,  N.  J.  Short  Hills  Garden  Club. 

Member  of  Wild  Flower  Preservation  Committee. 

♦Addresses  given  on  application  to  Mrs.  Hack. 

Book  Reviews 

Methods  or  Attracting  Birds.  Bird  Friends.  Houghton, 
Mifflin  &  Co. 

Gilbert  H.  Trafton,  Supervisor  of  Nature  Study  in  Passaic,  N.  J., 
wrote  a  year  or  two  ago,  a  book  which  should  be  very  welcome  to  the 
householder  who  is  anxious  to  make  friends  with  the  wild  birds. 
"Methods  of  Attracting  Birds"  is  a  small  volume  giving  information 
on  bird  shelters,  bird  food,  and  protection  of  birds.  Included  in  the 
text  is  a  summary  of  the  interesting  experiments  of  Baron  von 
Bulepsch. 

Mr.  Traf ton's  later  book,  "Bird  Friends,"  will  be  very  interesting 
to  those  who  want  to  know  about  birds  without  becoming  a  special 
student.  He  tells  about  their  habits,  their  economic  value,  gives  in- 
formation as  to  state  and  federal  laws  and  the  teaching  of  bird 
protection  in  the  schools.   Both  volumes  are  well  illustrated. 

The  National  Association  of  Audubon  Societies  approves  Mr. 
Trafton's  works.  Margaret  Day  Blake. 

Around  the  Year  in  the  Garden.  By  Frederick  Frye  Rockwell. 
Macmillan  &  Co.     (Price  $1.75) 

This  type  of  book  has  been  attempted  several  times  before, 
more  or  less  successfully. 

It  is  a  lesson  book  for  the  beginner,  and  a  book  of  reference  for  the 
more  experienced.  Written  by  one  who  has  most  thorough  scientific 
knowledge,  it  is  worded  in  just  plain  English  so  that  anyone  can 
understand. 

It  is  a  fund  of  information.  Nothing  seems  to  have  been  over- 
looked, and  I  venture  to  say  that  it  will  be  the  most  thumbed  volume 
on  every  garden  lover's  bookshelf  before  the  summer  is  out. 

Henrietta  M.  Stout. 


Gardens  to  Color  and  Individual  Gardens.  By  Charlotte 
Cowdrey  Brown.  Knickerbocker  Press. 
A  charmingly  arranged  little  book  has  just  been  issued  by  Mrs. 
Brown  giving  suggestions  for  every  possible  sort  of  a  garden.  Even  in 
these  war  days  it  tempts  one  to  try  one  of  every  kind  and  color.  The 
book  should  prove  unusually  useful  to  the  beginner  and  certainly  is 
full  of  hints  to  the  "old-timer." 

The  Natural  Style  in  Landscape  Gardening.  By  Frank  A. 
Waugh.     Boston,  Richard  G.  Badges.     Toronto,  The  Copp  Co, 

"Natural  Style  in  Landscape  Gardening"  is  written  by  Professor 
Frank  Waugh,  head  of  the  Horticultural  Department  of  Amherst 
College,  and  is  more  for  the  serious  student  of  the  science  of  landscape 
architecture  than  for  the  general  public.  Having  a  school  of  his  own 
he  tells  of  the  special,  and  somewhat  amusing,  methods  by  which  he 
arouses  in  his  pupils  imagination  and  memory,  by  Kstening  to  such 
music  as  Handel's  Largo  and  the  Sextette  from  Lucia,  or  by  lying  for 
hours  in  soUtude  on  some  hillside  or  riverbank  studying  the  sky,  by 
day  and  night,  in  sunshine  and  rain,  or  even  in  a  snowstorm.  In  this 
book  Professor  Waugh  insists  on  his  student's  seeking  the  "motif" 
of  each  problem  presented,  and  then  designing  from  that  a  mountain, 
a  meadow,  a  river,  or  even  a  group  of  trees.  His  view  on  "color 
schemes"  in  a  garden  is  that  they  be  subordinated  to  what  he  calls 
"texture"  of  plants  in  naturalistic  groups. 

Professor  Waugh  explains  fully  "ecology" — that  branch  of 
botanical  science  which  teaches  what  trees  or  plants  naturally  grow 
together,  and  gives  Hsts  of  such  grouping  which  could  be  profitably 
studied  by  his  lay  readers,  as  well  as  his  students. 

Closely  linked  with  this  book  is  Professor  Waugh's  second  volume 
on  "Outdoor  Theatres."  In  this  he  tells  of  the  possibiUties  of  such 
delightful  adjuncts  to  landscape  design.  Their  planning,  orienta- 
tion, making,  size,  Hghting,  and  use  are  given  in  detail.  Then  follow 
the  plans,  pictures,  and  description  of  some  twenty  out  door  theatres, 
large  and  small,  elaborate,  and  simple.  Emily  Higginson. 

The  recent  issue  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Peony  Society  of 
America  contains  much  useful  and  interesting  information  of  great 
value  to  peony  enthusiasts.  It  may  be  had  from  the  Secretary,  Mr.  A. 
P.  Saunders,  Clinton,  New  York. 

The  Arnold  Arboretum 

Garden  Club  members  are  urged  to  remember  the  fact  that  the 
Arboretum  is  now  raising  an  endowment  fund.  This  great  national 
institution  should  claim  our  interest  even  in  war  times. 

A  legacy  of  $25,000  was  recently  received  from  Mrs.  Robert  D. 
Evans  of  Boston. 


Fund  for  the  Relief  of  French  Fruit  Growers 

Contributions  Received  Up  to  September  25,  igiy 
From  Members  of  the  Horticultural  Society  of  New  York  $2,475.00 

Garden  Club  of  Short  Hills 5 .  00 

Albemarle  Garden  Club 50. 00 

Bedford  Garden  Club 100. 00 

Garden  Club  of  Lawrence 25 .  00 

Garden  Club  of  Ridgefield 25 .  00 

Lenox  Garden  Club  (erroneously  credited  in  first  statement 

to  the  Horticultural  Society  of  Lenox) 200 .  00 

Nassau  Horticultural  Society 25 .  00 

Monmouth  County  Horticultural  Society 10.00 

Total $2,915 .  00 

The  foregoing  is  a  statement  sent  by  Mr.  Britton  for  publication  in 
The  Bulletin.  Since  that  date  other  Garden  Clubs  have  contributed. 
In  the  next  issue  these  will  be  reported  and  an  account  will  also  be 
given  of  the  French  Commission  recently  appointed  to  organize  the 
work. 

Patriotism  and  "The  Trade" 

Much  space  is  given  in  this  issue  of  The  Bulletin  to  the  war  work 
of  amateurs.  It  seems  only  fair  to  record  the  views  of  professional 
nurserymen  and  florists.  The  following  statements  are  taken  from  the 
"Florists'  Exchange,"  the  first  being  the  decision  arrived  at  in  a  con- 
ference on  the  order  of  the  Fuel  Administration  in  regard  to  "non- 
essential industries." 

"All  businesses  and  industries  are  being  asked  to  conserve  and  cur- 
tail consumption  of  coal.  Where  an  industry  has  a  large  quantity  of 
goods  produced  in  advance  of  actual  need  or  where  the  demand  has 
dropped  off,  it  is  expected  to  curtail  its  activities.  Florists  and  others 
are  admonished  to  look  to  their  heating  plants  and  get  the  maximum 
of  efficiency  from  them;  also,  if  it  is  possible  to  run  a  house  this  year 
at  a  temperature  of,  say,  55  degrees  where  last  year  it  was  65  degrees, 
that  should  be  done. 

There  is  this  to  be  remembered :  It  is  the  life  of  the  country  first. 
Industry  of  a  nature  that  can  be  dispensed  with  is  merely  an  incident 
to  commercial  activity,  to  be  maintained  as  nearly  normal  as  possible,  all 
other  things  being  equal.  If  it  is  a  choice  between  munitions  and  clothing 
for  the  Army  and  Navy  on  the  one  hand,  and  flowers  and  luxuries  on  the 
other,  there  will  be  no  hesitancy  as  to  which  must  give  way.'^ 

The  War  and  Women 
Four  of  the  employees  of  a  large  floral  establishment  in  the  Middle 
West  registered  for  the  draft  recently,  which  is  just  a  suggestion  of  the 


possible  call  which  the  active  prosecution  of  the  war  will  make  on  the 
retail  trade. 

The  flower  business  is  fortunate  in  that  it  is  able  to  use  women  to 
such  good  advantage.  In  some  lines  it  is  difficult  to  replace  men  with 
women,  though  this  is  being  done  more  and  more,  by  virtue  of  neces- 
sity; but  women  fit  right  into  the  flower  business,  no  matter  in  what 
department  the  vacancy  may  occur.  Some  of  the  most  successful 
growers  and  retailers  are  women,  and  it  goes  without  saying  that  they 
are  able  to  handle  subordinate  positions  in  these  departments  to  good 
advantage. 

It  would  be  hard  to  say  that  woman  is  inferior  in  any  branch  of  the 
business,  and  in  the  selling  end  especially  women  have  a  certain  knack 
that  is  very  valuable.  The  natural  good  taste  of  many  women  helps 
immensely  in  displaying  the  stock  in  the  windows  and  elsewhere. 

Consequently,  even  though  the  war  takes  some  of  the  men  from 
the  ranks  of  the  salespeople  in  flower  shops,  their  places  should  be 
filled  satisfactorily  by  members  of  the  other  sex.  And  in  this  fact,  as 
suggested  above,  the  trade  is  fortunate  compared  with  most. 

On  the  Saturday  of  the  week  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  drive,  Chicago 
florists  generously  organized  and  furnished  flowers  for  a  sale  at  the 
Art  Institute.  Ladies  interested  in  the  work  sold  the  flowers  and  a 
very  large  sum  was  realized.  The  time,  energy,  and  really  beautiful 
plants  and  cut  flowers  donated  by  the  florists  gave  evidence  of  great 
patriotic  interest. 

Reports  of  Work  Planned  and  Accomplished 
by  Member  Clubs 

Garden  Club  of  Allegheny  County 

The  members  responded  nobly  to  the  idea  of  increasing  their 
vegetable  gardens,  some  even  ploughing  up  lawns  which,  while  it  may 
not  have  resulted  in  great  harvests  must  have  been  an  object  lesson 
in  the  necessity  of  producing  food.  Members  having  coimtry  places 
put  all  available  space  into  vegetables,  and  some  very  productive 
gardens  resulted. 

The  feeling  was  strong  that  we  should  be  taught  how  to  make 
our  summer  gardens  winter  gardens  as  well,  and  that  we  must  learn 
conservation.  A  coromittee  was  appointed  to  investigate  the  best 
means  to  attain  this  end,  and  Mrs.  Henry  Rae  undertook  to  finance 
the  endeavor.  As  a  result,  Mrs.  McDermott,  a  graduate  of  Drexel 
Institute,  was  employed  as  instructor.  In  the  Domestic  Science 
rooms  of  the  Sewickley  Public  School,  daily  and  two  evening  classes 
were  held,  and  thirty  public  demonstrations  given.  Two  hundred  and 


twenty-eight  women  were  enrolled,  and  all  the  fruit  and  vegetables 
used  in  class  work  reverted  to  the  committee.  3050  jars,  and  824 
boxes  of  dried  products  have  been  distributed  to  the  Sewickley 
Hospital,  the  Columbia  Base  Hospital,  and  a  Naval  Base  Hospital, 
and  the  dried  products  shipped  to  the  American  Ambulance  at 
Neuilly. 

In  the  early  spring  the  Club  collected  $3890.00,  which  was  put  in 
the  hands  of  a  Committee  composed  of  men  members,  who  worked  with 
the  County  Agriculturist  in  assisting  the  farmers  of  Allegheny  County 
to  increase  production.  Seed  was  sold  to  the  farmers  at  cost,  and  time 
was  given  for  payment.  Five  demonstrators,  all  State  College  gradu- 
ates, were  employed  to  instruct  farmers'  wives  in  the  cold-pack 
method,  and  evaporation  of  fruits  and  vegetables.  This  Committee 
owns  sixty-five  evaporators,  which  have  been  left  with  responsible 
people  in  rural  districts,  and  which  are  loaned  to  farmers'  wives  for 
use  at  home.  Five  thousand  women  were  reached,  and  three  himdred 
boys  sent  to  help  the  farmers.  The  funds  remaining  ($2500.00)  have 
been  invested  in  the  Second  Liberty  Bond  issue. 

Five  hundred  dollars  has  been  sent  to  Miss  Bagge  to  assist  the 
French  orchardists. 

Former  interests  have  been  kept  alive  by  offering  cash  prizes 
to  the  Civic  Club  for  vacant  lot  gardens.  Mrs.  William  Maclay  Hall 
was  Chairman  of  the  Woman's  Committee  of  the  War  Farmers'  and 
Gardeners  Association,  which  put  under  cultivation  several  hundred 
acres  of  idle  property  in  Pittsburgh. 

Mrs.  Finley  Hall  Lloyd,  President. 

Amateur  Gardeners  Club 

We  went  rather  exhaustively  into  the  question  of  raising  medicinal 
herbs.  But  after  gathering  much  information  we  found  it  quite 
difficult  to  get  seeds  and  plants  and  so  we,  reluctantly,  decided  to 
abandon  the  plan  that  we  had  formed  of  cultivating  herbs.  The 
preservation  of  the  wild  flowers  has  entered  into  the  discussions  at  our 
meetings.  Not  only  have  we  been  concerned  in  taking  steps  to  protect 
the  wild  flowers  but  also  in  discouraging  the  use  of  Christmas  greens 
and  the  cutting  of  Christmas  trees. 

As  a  bit  of  war  work  our  Club,  in  its  desire  to  co-operate  with  the 
Women's  section  of  the  Maryland  Council  of  Defense,  decided  to 
finance  one  of  the  community  gardens  started  by  the  Food  Production 
Committee  of  the  Council.  We  selected  a  lot  in  one  of  the  poorer 
districts  of  the  city,  cleaned  and  graded  it  and  divided  it  into  seven- 
teen lots  which  were  rented  at  one  dollar  a  garden.  It  is  hard  to 
estimate  the  value  of  these  gardens  in  the  community.  Not  only  do 
they  give  wholesome  out  door  employment  to  almost  every  member 


of  the  family,  but  they  teach  intensive  gardening  and  demonstrate  to 
the  workers  that  the  individual  family  can  make  itself  independent 
of  the  vegetable  market  and,  in  this  way,  perform  a  patriotic  ser- 
vice. We  find  that  such  interest  is  contagious  and  we  hope  the 
demand  for  gardens  next  year  will  be  even  greater  than  it  has  been 
this  year.  After  a  successful  harvesting  of  their  crops  the  garden 
workers,  whom  we  had  helped,  invited  the  members  of  our  Club  to 
see  what  they  had  accomplished.  We  arranged  an  interesting 
meeting  with  patriotic  speeches  and  a  flag  raising,  after  which 
lemonade  and  cake  was  served  to  us  by  the  gardeners.  We  con- 
tributed $100.00  to  the  Food  Production  Committee  for  this  work. 
We  have  contributed  $53.25  to  the  Committee  on  Honorary  Award. 
We  have  also  subscribed  $24,200  to  our  second  Liberty  Loan. 

Louise  Este  Bruce. 

Bedford  Garden  Club 

This  spring  saw  the  entrance  of  our  country  into  the  world  war. 
Shortages  of  men  and  food  began  to  loom  up,  and  our  Club  early  set 
itself  to  the  task  of  meeting  these  new  needs  as  they  affected  us  locally. 
A  committee  on  canning  and  preserving  was  formed.  Usual  activities 
of  the  Club,  such  as  flower  shows,  were  given  up,  the  Committee  on 
Roadside  and  Village  Planting  made  the  growing  of  vegetable  gardens 
its  principal  concern. 

School  children  were  encouraged  to  plant  their  own  little  home 
gardens,  and  in  Mt.  Kisco  the  school  children  were  provided  with 
small  plots  of  land,  and  worked  under  a  teacher. 

A  public  spirited  member  of  the  Garden  Club  financed  a  garden 
scheme  for  the  Italians  of  Sutton's  Row,  preparing  the  ground  and 
supplying  the  seed.  Each  family  was  allowed  a  plot  50  x  100  feet. 
Of  the  produce  one  barrel  of  potatoes  from  each  garden  was  given  as 
payment. 

Bedford  village  developed  quite  an  ambitious  plan  to  "  take  itself 
off  the  market."  A  community  garden  of  several  acres  was  started; 
the  land  loaned,  money,  and  labor  contributed  patriotically.  The 
produce,  winter  vegetables,  and  potatoes,  sold  locally  at  prices  obtain- 
ing before  the  war. 

In  the  spring  an  extra  meeting  was  held,  to  discuss  plans  in  con- 
nection with  the  food  crisis.  The  Club  determined  to  devote  its  efforts 
to  prevent  waste  in  members'  vegetable  gardens,  and  to  encourage  the 
community  to  provide  winter  supplies  at  a  moderate  cost.  The  first 
step  seemed  to  be  to  educate  the  community  in  the  most  scientific 
and  up-to-date  methods  of  canning,  preserving,  and  dehydrating. 
Asparagus  and  rhubarb  were  already  in  season,  so  a  practical  demon- 
stration on  the  fractional  method  of  canning  was  given.    Later  an 


instructress  from  Columbia  College  was  secured,  to  give  demonstra- 
tions in  the  villages  of  Katonah,  Bedford  Hills,  Bedford  Village,  and 
Mt.  Kisco.  The  cold-pack  method,  Columbia's  latest  word  in 
canning,  was  shown. 

These  demonstrations  led  to  the  necessity  for  a  central  canning 
kitchen  which  was  established  in  a  wing  of  the  Mr.  Kisco  High  School. 
During  the  season  2,824  jars  and  glasses  of  fruits,  vegetables,  and 
jellies  were  put  up,  of  which  218  jars  were  donated  to  civilian  and 
other  relief. 

As  a  special  contribution  towards  our  soldiers  abroad  a  jelly 
expert  was  put  in  charge  of  the  canning  kitchen  during  the  grape,  plum, 
and  apple  season.  Seven  hundred  pounds  of  jams  and  marmalades 
were  put  up  in  ten-pound  wooden  pails,  and  given  to  Mr.  William 
Sloane  for  shipment  to  the  Y.  M.  C.  A  canteens  in  France. 

The  committee  on  Papers  and  Topics  has  furnished  a  program 
supplementing  our  war  work.  Mr.  Fullerton  lectured  to  us  on  "Vege- 
tables and  How  to  Grow  Them,"  and  Miss  Alice  Penrose,  Director  of 
the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  of  New  York,  gave  a  talk  on  the  "Conservation 
Ration  and  How  to  Prevent  Waste  in  Our  Households." 

The  Club  has  made  a  contribution  for  the  replanting  of  the  de- 
vasted  orchards  of  France. 

All  the  work  undertaken  was  forced  on  us  by  the  needs  of  the 
hour,  and  was  largely  experimental.  Great  praise  is  due  our  President, 
and  the  women  who  worked  on  the  committees  with  her,  for  their 
vision  and  quick  response  to  the  situation,  and  for  their  untiring 
efforts. 

Henrietta  McC.  Williams. 

Report  of  the  Garden  Club  of  East  Hampton 
Long  Island 

This  summer,  obeying  the  call  of  usefulness  rather  than  pleasure, 
the  Garden  Club  of  East  Hampton  decided  to  forego  its  prepared 
program  and  to  throw  its  energies  and  funds  into  starting  children's 
gardens.  The  response  on  the  part  of  138  children  to  join  the  army  of 
producers  was  enthusiastic  and  though  a  number  dropped  out  later, 
when  real  work  began,  more  than  half  the  number  faithfully  cultivated 
their  own  little  patches  and  in  early  September  the  produce  made  a 
goodly  show  at  the  Children's  Garden  Party;  many  well-deserved 
prizes  were  given. 

The  Club  held  ten  meetings  during  the  Summer  and  on  September 
nth,  gave  a  Dahlia  Show,  which,  from  the  point  of  beauty,  was  very 
successful. 

Emily  Hall  Wheelock, 

President. 


The  Garden  Club  of  Harford  County,  Maryland 

The  Club  this  summer,  had  no  lectures,  as  all  the  money  m  the 
treasury  was  used  for  war  purposes.  The  whole  trend  of  the  meetings 
was  toward  food  conservation,  and  other  necessary  war  precautions. 
Our  plans  for  the  coming  winter  will  be  regulated  entirely  by  the  war. 
We  are  now  attending  lectures  in  Baltimore,  on  vegetable  planting, 
with  the  view  to  conservation. 

Grace  A.  T.  Allen,  Secretary. 

Green  Spring  Valley  Garden  Club 

The  Green  Spring  Valley  Garden  Club  in  the  Spring  helped 
about  ICO  of  the  public  school  children  in  the  neighborhood  to  start 
vegetable  gardens,  supplying  them  with  seeds  and  plants.  Five  prizes 
were  awarded  in  the  Fall  to  the  ones  achieving  the  best  results. 

Twelve  hundred  glasses  of  Marmalade  and  jam  put  up  by  members 
of  the  Club  have  been  sent  to  Camp  Meade  for  use  in  the  Hospital. 

Through  the  Summer  the  excess  vegetables  and  fruits  from  mem- 
bers' gardens  were  put  up  by  a  cannery  run  by  McDonough  School 
and  given  to  the  Red  Cross. 

The  Club  this  Winter  is  to  attend  a  series  of  ten  lectures  given  by 
The  Extension  Service  of  the  Maryland  State  College  of  Agriculture. 

Next  season  the  Club  will  assist  in  a  Community  Garden,  and  will 
carry  on  its  former  work. 

C.  B.  Marshall. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Lawrence,  Long  Island 

The  Club  has  taken  much  pleasure  in  sending  a  young  woman 
through  the  Ambler  School  of  Horticulture.  She  is  now  in  her 
second  year  and  is  doing  splendid  work. 

In  the  Community  Canning  Kitchen  and  war  activities  organized 
by  other  societies,  our  members  have  taken  a  very  active  part. 

Harriet  M.  Chapman. 

The  Litchfield  Garden  Club 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Club  was  devoted  to  the  Wild  Flower 
Committee,  whose  Chairman  reported  good  progress.  To  her  efforts 
in  great  measure,  is  due  the  passing  of  a  bill  curtailing  the  privilege  of 
cutting  Laurel  in  the  State  of  Connecticut,  and  shipping  the  same 
to  the  cities  for  florists'  use. 

Early  in  the  season  the  Club  formed  a  Comonittee,  to  promote 
food  conservation  and  preservation,  which  work  later  was  taken  over 
by  the  Farm  Bureau,  who  employed  two  salaried  assistants,  and 
covered  all  the  towns  in  the  County. 


The  Garden  Club  then  took  over  the  publicity  work,  contributing 
nearly  a  column  each  week  to  the  local  paper,  consisting  of  items  of 
timely  interest  in  relation  to  the  work,  as  well  as  receipts  for  various 
war  food  preparations.  This  Committee  also  made  and  distributed 
posters  of  meetings  and  lectures  to  be  held  in  connection  with  the 
work. 

A  canning  kitchen  did  excellent  service  during  the  summer,  put- 
ting up  some  hundreds  of  jars  of  surplus  fruit  and  vegetables,  part  of 
which  were  sent  to  our  men  at  the  front,  and  part  used  for  the  school 
luncheons,  some  also  being  sold  for  the  benefit  of  the  kitchen  expenses. 

The  Garden  Club  has  considerably  extended  its  civic  work  during 
the  year  and  has  enrolled  itself  in  the  service  of  the  Council  of  National 
Defense,  has  added  to  its  Hbrary,  and  hopes  that  in  this  time  of 
national  stress  and  anxiety  that  its  sphere  of  usefulness  has  extended 
and  broadened.  Margaret  L.  Gage,  President. 

MiLLBROOK  Garden  Club 

The  MiUbrook  Garden  Club  has  prepared  the  following  question- 
naire which  has  been  sent  through  the  country  and  villages  about  Mill- 
brook  in  an  effort  to  arouse  widespread  interest.  Results  have  been 
encouraging  and  an  enthusiastic  response  received. 

Have  You  Thought 

Have  you  thought  that  possibly  this  time  next  year  you  may  not 
be  able  to  buy  at  the  grocery  store  all  the  canned  vegetables  and 
fruits  that  you  may  want? 

They  may  not  be  there  —  the  Government  may  have  requisitioned 
the  stock  to  feed  the  soldiers!! 

If  you  want  to  be  sure  of  your  own  supply  for  next  winter  why 
not  GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  in  youT  own  garden  next  Summer 
and  let  the  Millbrook  Garden  Club  Canning  Department  put  them  up 
for  you? 

Have  you  a  vegetable  garden,  if  so,  how  large? 

If  you  have  no  garden  would  you  like  to  have  one? 

If  you  have  no  place  for  a  garden  would  you  Uke  to  have  ground 
furnished  you  free,  ground  prepared  to  plant  —  if  so,  how  large  a 
plot  would  you  Hke? 

If  you  could  secure  the  services  of  boys  or  girls  to  weed  and  pick 
your  garden  would  you  consider  it  a  help,  and  would  you  be  willing 
to  pay  moderately  for  this  service? 

Is  there  anyone  in  your  family  who  for  compensation  could  furnish 
say  two  hours  work  per  day  in  gardens?  This  means,  yourself ,  or  yovu* 
husband,  or  your  children  because  gardening  can  be  done  by  even 
young  children. 


Do  you  know  that  the  Millbrook  Garden  Club  Canning  Depart- 
ment will  can  your  vegetables  free  if  you  will  help  in  this  service  on 
certain  days  during  the  Summer  or  it  will  do  the  work  without 
your  help  for  three  cents  a  jar  if  you  furnish  them  a  good  Mason 
jar.  If  you  have  no  jars  the  Club  will  provide  jar  and  ring  for 
seven  cents. 

Do  you  know  that  by  failing  to  grow  and  conserve  food  stuffs 
YOU  IN  THE  COUNTRY  are  failing  in  doing  your  bit  and  by  growing  and 
conserving  all  that  you  possibly  can  manage,  you  are  not  only  assuring 
your  own  supply  but  you  are  doing  your  patriotic  duty  in  releasing 
from  the  public  stores  provisions  for  our  boys  fighting  for  us  at  the 
front. 

Let  us  help  feed  ourselves  ! 

Let  us  help  feed  our  soldiers  ! ! 

Let  us  help  win  the  war  ! ! ! 

Mary  L.  Miller. 

The  Garden  Association  of  Newport 

The  chief  activity  of  the  Garden  Association  during  the  past 
summer  was  the  Fruit,  Flower,  and  Vegetable  Market  held  once  a 
week  in  the  Trial  Garden,  Material  to  be  sold  in  the  market  was  con- 
tributed from  private  gardens,  and  attractively  displayed  for  sale 
every  Saturday  afternoon.  Prices  were  slightly  lower  than  those  cur- 
rent in  the  retail  shops,  and  many  of  the  poorer  people  of  Newport 
were  thus  able  to  buy  vegetables  of  the  very  best  quality  for  a  small 
outlay.  The  sum  of  $300.00  was  the  net  result  of  the  season's  sales, 
which  was  equally  divided  between  the  local  chapter  of  the  American 
Red  Cross  and  the  American  Fund  for  French  Wounded.  The 
$150.00  handed  to  the  latter  organization  has  been  devoted  to  the 
purchase  of  fruit  trees  for  the  devastated  regions  of  northern  France. 

We  hope  next  Summer  to  extend  our  market  idea,  and  at  the 
same  time,  if  possible,  to  combine  it  with  food  conservation,  which 
we  think  can  be  made  a  very  practical  undertaking. 

(Harper's  Bazaar  for  November  has  published  a  very  interesting 
illustrated  account  of  the  market.) 

Philadelphia  Garden  Club 

The  Philadelphia  Garden  Club  decided  that  the  instruction  of 
eight  groups  of  Boy  Scouts  and  one  group  of  Girl  Scouts  in  vegetable 
gardening  should  be  one  of  their  war  works.  Altogether,  about  six 
acres  and  a  half  were  cultivated,  and  large  crops  were  produced. 
Beans  with  large  root  crops,  have  given  splendid  winter  foods.  What 
has  pleased  us  most  is  that  ten  or  twelve  from  each  scout  troop  have 
learned  gardening  really  well,  so  that  they  can  produce  successfully 


another  year  and  teach  others  to  do  so.  We  plan  next  year  to  have  a 
number  of  planting  plans  ready,  with  first  and  second  crops,  so  that 
late  crops  can  be  put  in  to  follow  all  early  vegetables.  With  a 
number  of  such  practical  plans  ready  we  feel  able  to  meet  all  scout 
tastes,  and  double  or  triple  our  success  in  the  coming  season. 

BeULA  H.  J.  WOOLSTON. 

Report  of  the  Garden  Club  or  Trenton,  New  Jersey 

The  Garden  Club  of  Trenton  has  most  pleasantly  rounded  out 
another  year  of  its  existence  with  the  regular  monthly  meetings  and 
five  special  meetings. 

It  has  been  the  policy  of  the  Club  to  do  no  civic  work  as  a  Club, 
but  one  of  our  members  has  carried  on  the  work  of  the  Trenton 
Emergency  Food  Garden  Commission  with  great  success.  From  small 
beginnings,  and,  in  spite  of  the  discouragements  of  last  year,  the 
work  has  increased  so  that  this  year's  report  shows  433  lots  averaging 
20  X  100  feet  under  cultivation,  495  families  cultivating  these  lots; 
75  families  who  were  aided  in  making  home  gardens;  a  total  of  570 
families  who  have  been  benefited  by  the  Commission.  Incidentally, 
$1,300.00  worth  of  property  has  been  purchased  by  these  gardeners. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Club  it  was  voted  that  this  year,  instead 
of  having  special  meetings  and  lectures,  we  should  devote  the  moneys 
which  would  have  been  so  expended  to  charitable  or  patriotic  purposes, 
and  one  of  the  Club  riiembers  has  already  given  the  trees  and  shrub- 
bery planting  around  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Hostess  House  at  Camp  Dix  in 
heu  of  an  entertainment  for  the  Club  as  she  had  previously  planned. 

Mrs.  Robert  V.  Whitehead. 

Ulster  Garden  Club 

The  Ulster  Garden  Club  has  just  completed  an  interesting  and 
profitable  year.  The  important  work  of  food  production  and  con- 
servation was  greatly  stimulated  by  a  demonstration  and  lecture 
on  canning  and  preserving  at  our  May  meeting.  We  have  also 
encouraged  one  thousand  school  children  to  devote  their  energies 
to  raising  vegetables.  The  Club  employed  an  expert,  who  has  given 
instruction  to  the  children,  and  made  the  inspections,  the  Club  giving 
prizes  in  money  for  the  best  cared  for  and  most  productive  gardens. 

Besides  garden  work  our  Club  has  been  interested  in  war  activities, 
making  trench  candles  and  sending  between  four  and  five  hundred 
glasses  of  jelly  to  our  men  in  Camp. 

As  another  war  measure  the  Ulster  Garden  Club  voted  a  member- 
ship fee  to  the  National  Association  of  Audubon  Societies,  that  it 
might  assist  in  the  work  of  that  organization  in  preserving  the  insect- 
eating  birds  which  are  being  killed  for  food,  when  the  increased 


acreage  of  land,  now  being  put  under  cultivation,  calls  for  an  equally- 
increased  number  of  birds. 

Although  we  have  had  our  first  regular  meeting  of  the  season,  we 
are  to  have  informal  gatherings  during  the  Winter,  to  carry  on  war 
relief  work. 

Anne  duBois  de  la  Vergne. 

Washington  Garden  Club 

Washington  is  a  small  community  in  which  collaboration  is  the 
rule,  and  while  the  Garden  Club  did  not  undertake  much  distinctive 
work  this  past  summer,  its  members  were,  and  have  been,  the  leaders 
in  the  Surgical  Dressings  work.  They  have  been  active  workers  in  the 
Red  Cross  Unit,  in  the  First  Aid  and  Home  Nursing  Classes,  in  the 
Conmiunity  Canning  Kitchen  and  Food  Conservation  Campaign. 
A  few  members  supervised  children's  gardens,  and  one  instructed 
children  in  canning  the  produce  they  raised.  As  a  Club  we  con- 
tributed to  the  Red  Cross  Fund  and  gave  many  more  than  our  quota 
of  glasses  of  jelly  and  jam  to  the  Army. 

We  have  endeavored  to  protect  the  ferns,  laurel,  and  other  "Christ- 
mas greens"  in  the  neighborhood,  and  have  sought  the  co-operation 
of  nearby  Garden  Clubs  in  this  effort. 

We  have  also  tried  to  improve  several  unsightly  and  unsanitary 
places  along  the  river-front.  The  Club  brought  Mr.  W.  O.  Filley,  the 
State  Forester,  to  inform  the  community  about  the  White  Pine 
Blister. 

In  our  scheme  of  work  last  summer  flowers  were  not  entirely 
neglected,  but  cultivation  and  preservation  of  food  products  took  first 
place. 

Ella  L.  Hebbard,  Secretary. 

The  foregoing  reports  are  all  that  have  been  received  from  Member 
Clubs.  It  is  assumed  that  all  Clubs  are  occupied  with  patriotic  work 
of  some  sort  and  all  who  have  further  suggestions  to  make  or  who 
are  engaged  in  some  activity  not  suggested  in  the  printed  reports 
are  asked  to  send  accounts  not  later  than  February  loth  for  the 
March  Bulletin. 


Officers  of  the  Member  Clubs  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 


President 


Secretary 
Albemarle  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  George  Austin, 
Charlottesville,  Va. 


Bulletin  Committee  Members 


Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Marshall, 
Charlottesville,  Va. 


Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Marshall, 
Simeon  P.  0.,  Charlottesville 
Va. 

Allegheny  County,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Mercur,  Miss  Rebecca  F.  Chislett,  Miss  Rebecca  F.  Chislett, 

Dallas  Ave.  E.,  E.  Pittsburgh,        5131  EUsworth  Ave.,  5131  Ellsworth  Ave., 

Pa.  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Amateur  Gardeners  Club,  Baltimore 
Mrs.  Charles  E.  Rieman,  Miss  Jeannette  Bathurst  Dobbin,  Miss  Dora  Murdock, 

221  W.  Monument  St.,  1308  Bolton  St.,  24s  W.  Biddle  St., 

Baltimore,  Md.,  and  Rodgers  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  Elk  Baltimore,  Md. 

Forge,  Md.  Ridge,  Md. 

Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  Garden  Club  of 


Dr.  A.  S.  Warthin, 
Ferdon  Road,  Ann  Arbor,. 
Mich. 

Miss  Delia  West  Marble, 
Bedford  Village,  N.  Y. 


Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft, 

3329  Morrison  Ave.,  Clifton, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


Miss  Annie  Condon, 
920  University  Ave., 
Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 
Bedford  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  Carl  S.  Petrasch, 
69  East  82nd  St., 
New  York  City,  and  Mt 
Kisco,  N.  Y. 
Cincinnati  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  Glendenning  B.  Groesbeck,  Mrs.  Wm.  Stanhope  Rowe, 
Ehnhurst  Place,  East  Walnut       2359  Madison  Road. 


Mr.  Albert  Lockwood, 

700  Oxford  Rd.,  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich. 

Mrs.  Edwin  S.  Merrill, 
955  Park  Ave.,  New  York 
City,  and  Bedford  Hills, 
N.  Y. 


Hills,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


E.  Walnut  Hills,  Cincinnati 
and  Amagansett,  N.  Y. 


Mrs.  L.  Dean  Holden, 

Lake  Shore  Blvd.,  Station  H., 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 


Cleveland,  Garden  Club  of 

Mrs.  J.  Prescott  Burton, 
11928  Lake  Shore  Blvd., 
Station  H.,  Cleveland,  O. 
East  Hampton,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  Samuel  Seabury,  Mrs.  Wm.  A.  Lockwood, 

3  East  9th  St.,  New  York  780  Park  Ave.,  New  York 

City  and  East  Hampton,  and  East  Hampton,  N.  Y. 

N.  Y. 

Green  Spring  Valley  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  Janon  Fisher,  Mrs.  William  D.  Poultney,  Mrs.  R.  E.  Lee  Marshall, 

Eccleston,  Baltimore  Co.,  Md.        505  Park  Ave.,  Baltimore,  Walbert  Apts.,  Charles  St. 

Md.,  and  Garrison  P.  O.,  and  Lafayette  Ave., 

Baltimore  Co.,  Md.  Baltimore,  Md. 

Harford  Coimty,  Garden  Club  of 


Mrs.  Max  McMurray, 
12521  Lake  Shore  Blvd., 
Station  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 

Mrs.  William  S.  Wheelock, 
45  W.  51st  St.,  New  York  City 
and  East  Hampton,  N.  Y. 


Mrs.  Bertram  N.  Stump, 

Emmorton  P.  0.,  Harford  Co., 
Md. 


Mrs.  Frederick  Greeley, 
Winnetka,  111. 


Mrs.  Edward  M.  Allen, 
Darlington,  Harford  Co., 

Md. 
Illinois,  Garden  Club  of 

Mrs.  Charles  W.  Hubbard, 
Winnetka,  111. 


Mrs.  Bertram  N.  Stump, 
Emmorton  P.  O.,  Harford 
Co.,  Md. 


Mrs.  George  B.  Sanford, 

108  E.  82nd  St.,  New  York  City 
and  Lawrence,  L.  I. 


Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster, 
1220  Lake  Shore  Drive, 
Chicago,  111.,  and  Lake 
Forest,  111. 
Lawrence  County,  Garden  Club  of 


Mrs.  Lawrence  Elliman, 
122  East  s6th  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Cedarhurst,  L.  I. 
Lenox,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  Bemhard  Hoffmann,  Miss  G.  W.  Sargent, 

126  E.  80th  St.,  New  York  City     28  E.  35th  St.,  New  York 


and  Stockbridge,  Mass. 


Mrs.  George  B.  Sanford, 
108  East  82nd  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Lawrence,  L.  I. 

Miss  G.  W.  Sargent, 

28  E.  35th  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Lenox,  Mass. 


City  and  Lenox,  Mass. 
Litchfield  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  Henry  S.  Munroe, 
The  Marlborough, 
Washington,  D.  C,  and 
Litchfield,  Conn. 
Michigan,  Garden  Club  of 
Miss  Frances  B.  Cressey, 
79  Watson  St.,  Detroit, 

Mich. 
Millbrook  Garden  Club 
Miss  Katherine  Wodell, 

103  East  75th  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Millbrook,  N.  Y. 
Montgomery  and  Delaware  Counties,  the  Gardeners  of 
Mrs.  Isaac  La  Boiteaux,  Mrs.  Henry  S.  Williams,  Mrs.  Richard  L.  Barrows, 

Bryn  Mawr,  Pa.  Rosemont,  Pa.  Haverford,  Pa. 

Morristown,  N.  J.,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  Gustav  E.  Kissel,  Mrs.  T.  Towar  Bates,  Not  appointed. 

12  E.  5sth  St.,  New  York  213  E.  6ist  St.,  New  York 

City  and  Morristown,  N.  J.  City  and  Convent,  N.  J. 


Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage, 
309  Sanford  Ave.,  Flushing, 
L.  I.,  and  West  Morris, 
Conn. 

Miss  Jessie  Hendrie, 

Grosse  Pointe  Farms,  Mich. 


Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne, 
Millbrook,  N.  Y.,  and  Santa 
Barbara,  Cal. 


Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage, 
309  Sanford  Ave.,  Flushing, 
L.  I.,  and  West  Morris, 
Conn. 

Mrs.  Frederick  Towle, 
Crescent  City,  Fla. 


Mrs.  Roswell  Miller, 
969  Park  Ave.,  New  York  City 
and  MiUbrook,  N.  Y. 


President  Secretary  Bulletin  Committee  Members 

Newport,  the  Garden  Association  of 
Miss  Wetmore,  Mrs.  Walker  Smith,  Mrs.  Arnold  Hague, 

630  Park  Ave.,  New  York  City        27  East  62nd  St.,  New  York       1724  I  St.,  Washington,  D.  C, 
and  Bellevue  Ave.,  City  andWestholm,  and  Berry  Hill,  Newport, 

Newport,  R.  I.  Newport,  R.  I.  R.  I. 

North  County  Garden  Club  of  Long  Island 
Mrs.  W.  Emlen  Roosevelt,  Mrs.  Walter  Jennings,  Mrs.  Charles  W.  McKelvey, 

804  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  11  E.  70th  St.,  New  York  Oyster  Bay,  L.  I.,  New  York 

City  and  Oyster  Bay,  L.  I.,  City  and  Cold  Spring 

New  York  Harbor,  L.  I. 

North  Shore  Garden  Club  of  Massachusetts 
Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crowninshield,       Mrs.  Lester  Leland,  Mrs.  Quincy  A.  Shaw, 

164  Marlborough  St.,  Boston,         422  Beacon  St.,  Boston,  11  Exeter  Street. 

Mass.,  and  Marblehead,  Mass.        Mass.,  and  Manchester,  Boston,  Mass. 

Mass. 
Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  Samuel  Verplanck,  Mrs.  J.   Noah  N.  Slee,  Mrs.  James  M.  Fuller, 

Princeton,  N.  J.,  and  FishkiU-        470  Park  Ave.,  New  York  Warwick,  New  York. 

on-Hudson,  N.  Y.  City,  and  Beacon-on-Hud- 

son,  N.  Y. 
Philadelphia,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  W.  W.  Frazer,  Jr., 
2132  Spruce  St.,  Philadelphia 
and  Tockington,  Jenkin- 
town.  Pa. 
Philipstown,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  Arthur  R.  Gray, 

114  East  22nd  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Garrison,  N.  Y. 
Princeton,  Garden  Club  of 
Mis.  Junius  Morgan, 
Princeton,  N.  J. 


Mrs.  Charles  Biddle, 
Andalusia,  Pa. 


Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan, 
4S  East  53rd  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Garrison,  N.  Y. 


Mrs.  Joseph  L.  Woolston, 
Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 


Mrs.  Arthur  R.  Gray, 

114  East  22nd  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Garrison,  N.  Y. 


Mrs.  Archibald  Douglas  Russell, 
34  East  30th  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Princeton,  N.  J. 


Mrs.  George  Armour, 
Allison  House,  Princeton, 
N.J. 


Mrs.  A.  Barton  Hepburn, 
Ridgefield,  Conn., 

and  630  Park  Ave.,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Harden  L.  Crawford, 
41  West  S7th  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Rumson,  N.  J. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Fuller, 
White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart, 
Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


Mrs.  Wm.  S.  Rainsford, 

Camden,  N.  C,  and  Ridgefield, 
Conn. 

Miss  Marjorie  Prentiss, 
108  Pierrepont  St.,  Brooklyn, 
,      N.  Y.,  and  Elberon,  N.  J. 


Mrs.  Harral  Mulliken, 
Rye,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Henry  A.  Prince, 
Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


Ridgefield  Garden  Club 

Mrs.  George  H.  Newton, 
27  E.  62nd  St.,  N.  Y., 

and  Ridgefield,  Conn. 
Rumson  Garden  Club 
Miss  Ruth  Adams, 
455  Madison  Ave.,  New 
York  City  and  Rumson,  N.  J, 
Rye  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  Richard  C.  Hunt, 
Rye,  N.  Y. 

Short  HiUs  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  Charles  H.  Stout, 
20  E.  66th  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Short 
Hills,  N.  J. 
Somerset  Hills,  N.  J.,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  Francis  G.  Lloyd,  Mrs.  A.  S.  Knight,  Mrs.  Schuyler  S.  Wheeler, 

157  E.  71st  St.,  New  York  401  West  End  Ave.,  New  755  Park  Ave.,  New  York  City 

City  and  Bernardsville,  N.  J.  York  City  and  Gladstone,  and  Bemardsville,  N.  J. 

N.  J. 
Southampton,  Long  Island  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  Thomas  L.  Barber,  Miss  Rosina  Hoyt,  Miss  Rosina  Hoyt, 

Southampton,  L.  I.,  New  York.      934  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  934  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York 

City  and  Southampton, 
L.  I.,  N.  Y. 
Trenton,  Garden  Club  of 
Miss  Frances  M.  Dickinson, 
479  West  State  St., 

Trenton,  N.  J. 
Twenty,  Garden  Club  of 
Mrs.  J.  Sawyer  Wilson,  Jr., 
Stevenson,  Md. 
Ulster  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  Everett  Fowler, 

1 20  Maiden  Lane,  Kingston 

N.  Y. 
Warrenton  Garden  Club 
Miss  K.  I.  Keith, 
Warrenton,  Va. 
Washington  Garden  Club 
Mrs.  Isaac  Newton  Hebbard, 
Washington,  Conn. 


Mrs.  Kari  G.  Roebling, 

211  West  State  St., 

Trenton,  N.  J. 

Mrs.  W.  Irving  Keyser, 
Stevenson,  Md. 

Mrs.  William  Lawton, 
42  Crown  St.,  Kingston,  N.  Y. 


Mrs,  R.  R.  Barrett, 
Warrenton,  Virginia. 


City  and  Southampton, 
L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Robert  V.  Whitehead, 
20  Perdicaris  Place,  Trenton, 
N.J. 

Mrs.  Champlin  Robinson, 
Stevenson,  Md. 

Mrs.  Charles  de  la  Vergne, 
Clinton  Ave.,  Kingston, 
N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Julian  C.  Keith, 
Warrenton,  Va. 


Miss  Anne  H.  Van  Ingen, 
9  East  71st  St.,  New  York 
City  and  Washington,  Conn 


Mrs.  Francis  von  A.  Cabeen,  Jr., 
Haverford,  Pa. 


Weeders,  the 

Mrs.  E.  Lewis  Burnham, 
Berwyn,  Pa. 


Miss  Raymond, 

123  Henry  St.,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  and  Washington, 
Conn. 
Mrs.  John  Lyman  Cox, 
123s  Spruce  Street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


y-r-:';  - 


Hardy 
Perennials 


Here  "At  the  Sign  of  The 
Tree,"  we  have  for  your  se- 
lection Hardy  Perennials  that 
really  are  hardy. 

Sturdy,  full-rooted  plants,  every 
one  of  them.  Absolutely  true  to 
name  and  habit. 

Particularly,  let  us  call  your 
attention  to  the  Delphiniums 
(Larkspur).  Steadily  are  they 
increasing  in  popularity.  Be- 
cause of  the  rather  Umited  supply 
of  them,  we  would  counsel  early 
ordering. 

Send  for  our  catalog.  It  gives 
a  complete  alphabetical  list  of 
Perennials,  divided  into  flower- 
ing months. 

Juliuy  T^ekry  Cor 
"j^t  the  Sign  of  The  Tree" 


Box  34 


Rutherford.  N.  J. 


BOBBINK  &  ATKINS 

"WORLD'S  CHOICEST  NURSERIES 
and  GREENHOUSE  PRODUCTS" 

GROWN  IN  AMERICA 
VISIT  NURSERIES  ASK  FOR  CATALOG 

Nurserymen  and  Florists 

RUTHERFORD         -  -  NEW  JERSEY 

FOR  the  largest  and  best  selection  of 
DAHLIAS,  ROSES.  HARDY  PER- 
ENNIALS; also  FLOWER  and  VEGE- 
TABLE SEEDS,  etc..  consult 

Dreer's  Garden  Book  for  1918 

A  Copy  Mailed  FREE  to  All  Applicants 

HENRY  A.  DREER 

714-716  Chestnut  Street      PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


ROSEDALE  SPECIALTIES 

Spring  1918 
ROSES  and  FRUITS,  dwarf  and  standard,  in  many 

varieties  of  large  size  for  immediate  effect. 
EVERGREENS  in  70  varieties  and  many  sizes,  up 

to  1 7  feet. 
DECIDUOUS  TREES,   SHRUBS  and  VINES  in 
great  variety  (including  XXX  sizes) . 
Catalogue  on  Request 


BoxC. 


TARRYTOWN.  N.  Y. 


HARDY  PLANTS  of 
Unusual  Character 

Antirrhinum  glutinosum  "Copper  King" 

Antirrhinum  glutinosum  "Crimson  King" 

Aquiiegia  "Silver  Queen" 

Campanula  barhata 

Canterbury  Bells — Meunmoth  strain 

Rock  Pinks — 18  varieties 

Foxglove — "Ayrshire  White" 

Myosotis  "Welwitchii" — New 

Polyanthus — Bunch  Primrose^Finest  Strain 

Verbascum — "Miss  Wilmott" 

5^ew  Catalog  February  1st 
WOLCOTT   NURSERIES.  Jackson.  Mich. 


OUR  new  rose,  "Mrs.  Charles 
Bell"  is  a  shell-pink  Radi- 
ance. It  has  a  wonderful  con- 
stitution. It  will  be  a  joy  to 
your  garden  as  Radiance  has 
been  and  is  —  as  RED  RADI- 
ANCE is  proving  to  be. 

We  grow  Roses  for  America 
and  for  the  folks  near  at  home; 
a  nursery  full  of  choice  Ever- 
greens, Shrubs  and  Trees.  We 
do  landscape  work  for  a  few 
good  people  each  season.  Our 
catalogue  is  larger  and  better 
than  ever.  We  want  a  few  addi- 
tional people  to  study  it  and  to 
know  our  stock  and  our  methods. 
Will  YOU  be  one?  A  post  card 
will  bring  it. 

A.  N.  PIERSON,  Inc. 

Cromwell  Gardens 
CROMWELL.  CONN. 


All  advertisements  endorsed  by  members  of  the  GARDEN   CLUB  OF  AMERICA 
In  writing  to  j'ldvertisers  kindly  refer  to  the  Bulletin 


^*4!-**^^%-**^!-4!-* 


T-IIir^OMTQ  Is  the  beautiful  new 
n^JvaWlNlO  hardy  yellow  rose  from 
China — blooms  2  weeks  ahead  of  any  other 
rose.  Our  beautifully  illustrated  catalog 
showing  Hugonls  and  17  other  roses  in 
natural  colors,  will  be  gladly  sent  on 
request.   Send  for  It  today. 

THE  CONARD  &  JONES  CO. 
West  Grove,  Pa.  Robert  Pyle,  Pres. 


Delphinium    Seed 

Those  desiring  to  obtain  good  Delphinium  seed 
and  at  the  same  time  help  the  Red  Cross,  may 
procure  same  from 

Mrs.  William  Hoopes  Grafflin 

Tudor  Hall,   University   Parkway 

BALTIMORE,  MARYLAND 

Original  seed  was  brought  from  the  famous 

Kelwas,  England  in  1913 

TEN  CENTS  A  GENEROUS  PACKET 


Hold  the  Home  Lines 

SAVE  THE  BABIES 

PROTECT  THE  BOYS  AND  GIRLS 

NURSE  THE  SICK 

HELP  THE  POOR  AND  AGED 

"This  is  a  time  of  sacrifice,  but  not  the  sacrifice  of 
the  helpless." — GOVERNOR  LOWDEN 

Contribute  to  HOME   WELFARE  AGENCIES 

and  help  meet   War-Time  Needs 


O  U  L^  O  O  —  Gladiolus,  Tuberoses,  Lilies, 

Flower — SEEDS — Vegetable 

New  and  Rare  PLANTS 

Catalog   "GARDENING  ILLUSTRATED" 
152  pages,  mailed  FREE  everywhere 

VAUGHAN'S  SEED  STORE 
CHICAGO  NEW  YORK 

Lilacs  That  Don't  Run  Out 

NOT  GRAFTED 
We  are  now  disseminating  the  famous  "Veitch 
of  London"  collection  as  well  as  many  of  the 
Arnold  Arboretum  varieties. 

A  list  of  these  and  other  NEW  and  RARE 
PLANTS  will  be  found  in  our  Garden  Annual. 
IVritefora  copji 

R.  &  J.  FARQUHAR  &  CO. 
6  South  Market  Street  BOSTON.  MASS. 


D  OTH  our  Begonia  and  Lily  catalogues, 
most  complete,  as  also  our  Iris  book- 
let, are  now  ready  for  distribution;  which 
one  are  you  interested  in? 

All  bulbs  should  be  ordered  very  early  this 
season,  stock  being  limited. 

JOHN  SCHEEPERS,  Incorporated 

Flower  Bulb  Specialists 
2  Stone  Street  NEW  YORK  CITY 

MRS.  BAYARD  HENRY. 

Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Madam ; 

Would  you  kindly  send  me  a  list  of  seeds  of  perennial  her- 
baceous plants  from  Miss  Willmott's  garden  which  you  have 
to  dispose  of? 

You  may  be  interested  to  know  that  we  grained  First  Prize 
for  twelve  spikes  of  Delphiniums  at  Manchester,  Massachusetts 
in  a  Flower  Show  held  by  the  North  Shore  Horticultural  Society. 
These  spikes  were  cut  from  plants  raised  from  seed  procured 
from  you  early  last  spring. 

I  am,  Madam,  Yours  faithfully. 
A.  E.  T.  ROGERS, 

Supt.  W.  H.  Moore  Estate. 
Sept.  27th  1917.  Prides  Crossing,  Mass. 


The  supreme  test  of  the  Nation 
has  come.  We  must  all  speak, 
act,  and  serve  together. 

WooDROW  Wilson 


CHESTER  JAY  HUNT 

MAYFAIR  LITTLE  FALC5.  N.  J. 

Spring-flowering  bulbs,  including  many  exclu- 
sive offerings  in  Tulips  and  Daffodils. 

The  Blue  Book  of  Bulbs  will  be  sent  you  on 
request. 


Builders  of  Greenhouses  and  Conservatories 


New  York 
42nd  St.  Bldg. 

Chicago 
Continental  &  Com 
mercial  Bank  Bldg. 
Toronto 
Royal  Bank  Bldg 


Boston 
Tremont  Bldg. 

Rochester 
Granite  Bldg. 


Philadelphia 
Widener  Bldg. 

Cleveland 
Swetland  Bldg. 


Montreal 
Transportation  Bldg, 


All  advertisements  endorsed  by  members  of  the  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  AMERICA 
In  Joriling  to  yldvertiseTS  kindly  refer  to  the  Bulletin 


Bulletin  of 


XLhc  (3art>en  Club 


of  amertca 


March,  1918 


No.  XXIV 


President 
MRS.  J.  WILLIS  MARTIN 

Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia 

Treasurer 

MRS.  H.  D.  AUCHINCLOSS 

33  E.  67TH  Street,  New  York  and 
Newport,  R.  I. 

Secretary 
MRS.  BAYARD  HENRY 

Germantown,  Philadelphia 

Librarian 
MISS  ERNESTINE  A.  GOODMAN 

Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia 


Vice-Presidents 
MRS.  WILLIAM   CABELL  BRUCE 
8  Mt.  Vernon  Pl.,  Baltimoee,  Md. 

AND  RUXTON,  Md. 

MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 
Alma,  Michigan 

MRS.  JOHN  E.  NEWELL 
West  Mentor,  Ohio 

Editor 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER 
1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago, 
AND  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 


The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 


jMrs;,  arctjilialb  ©.  3Rus(2;eU 


THE  GARDEN  CLUB  is  sorrowful  and  tenderly 
mourns  a  kindly  friend,  a  wise  counsellor,  a  gentle 
enthusiast.  A  life  is  ended  untimely,  but  a  life  so 
crowded  with  good  deeds,  fine  thoughts  and  loving 
service  that  years  could  not  add  to  its  usefulness  and 
beauty.  The  world  is  poorer  for  the  noble  presence 
that  has  passed  from  it,  but  richer  for  the  graces  of 
heart  and  mind  whose  memory  will  abide  through  all 
the  years  to  come. 


The  naked  earth  is  warm  with  Spring, 
And  with  green  grass  and  bursting  trees 
Leans  to  the  sun's  gaze  glorying, 
And  quivers  in  the  sunny  breeze; 

And  life  is  Colour  and  Warmth  and  Light, 
And  a  striving  evermore  for  these; 
And  he  is  dead  who  will  not  fight, 
And  who  dies  fighting  has  increase. 

— From  ''Into  Battle^'  by  Captain  the  Hon.  Julian  H.  F.  Grenfell,. 
D.  S.  O.,  who  died  of  his  wounds  in  May,  191 5. 


These  are  trying  days  for  amateur  gardeners.  In  their  hearts 
they  long  to  plant  the  alluring  "novelties"  pictured  and  sung  in  the 
spring  catalogues,  but,  alas,  where  are  the  gardeners  to  tend  them, 
where  find  the  time  to  enjoy  them,  is  there  enough  energy,  after  all 
the  war  work  is  done,  to  give  them  their  due  measure  of  attention 
and  care  and  notice?  In  our  gardens  are  many  costly  plants  that 
need  care,  many  gay  ones  that  grow  of  themselves.  Perhaps  we  ought 
this  year  to  give  our  time  to  the  first  and  depend  on  the  second  for 
color  and  bloom.  It  is  no  more  fair  to  let  them  die  than  to  leave 
neglected  newly  planted  things.  We  take  it  that  that  overworked 
and  misunderstood  word,  conservation,  means  preservation  of  existing 
things  rather  more  than  creation  of  new,  so  while  we  are  creating  new 
vegetable  gardens  let  us  preserve  old  flower  gardens.  And  if,  perhaps, 
we  have  no  moments  even  for  dear  and  faithful  perennials  let  us  keep 
somewhere  in  the  back  of  our  minds  a  memory  and  a  desire  for  the 
fair,  frail  things  of  other  peaceful  summers.  If  we  must  pass  through 
ugly  years  may  beauty  be  but  a  thing,  deferred,  a  comfort  sacrificed 
because  our  hope  is  victory  and  our  end  a  glorious  peace. 

Council  of  Presidents 

The  Spring  Meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  Council  of 
Presidents  will  be  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  H.  D.  Auchincloss, 
at  33  E.  67th  Street,  New  York,  on  March  25. 


The  following  notes  from  the  Arnold  Arboretum  have  been 
especially  prepared  for  The  Bulletin  by  Professor  Sargent.  They 
are  the  beginning  of  a  series  which  will  appear  during  the  coming  year. 


Arboretum  Notes 

Conifers 

The  studies  which  have  been  carried  on  for  the  last  thirty  years  in 
the  Arnold  Arboretum  on  conifers  and  their  value  for  cultivation  in 
the  northern  states  have  taught  lessons  to  which  American  planters 
of  these  trees  can  wisely  give  attention. 

The  Arboretum  experiments  show  that  for  the  northern  United 
States  the  native  species  are  more  valuable  than  any  exotic  species. 
No  other  conifers  are  so  valuable  as  the  White  Pine,  the  Red  Pine 
and  the  Hemlock,  and  these  trees  may  well  be  used  in  general  planting 
in  preference  to  any  other  conifers.  Exception,  however,  must  now  be 
made  to  the  White  Pine  since  the  appearance  in  this  country  of  the 
White  Pine  blister,  whose  dangerous  character  makes  it  unwise  to 
plant  this  tree.  Two  other  northern  Pines,  the  Banksian  and  the 
Virginia  Pine,  are  hardy  and  fast-growing  trees  but  have  little  value  as 
ornaments  of  the  garden. 

The  White  Spruce  is  a  hardy  and  fast-growing  tree  of  great  beauty. 
The  cHmate  of  southern  New  England  is,  however,  too  warm  for  the 
best  development  of  this  northern  tree,  and  individuals  over  thirty 
years  old  usually  become  thin  and  unsightly.  There  seems  to  be  some 
promise,  however,  that  the  form  from  northern  Wisconsin  and  north- 
ern Minnesota  may  be  better  suited  for  cultivation  southward  than 
the  plant  from  the  St.  Lawrence  Valley.  The  Red  Spruce  is  a  more 
southern  tree  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the  Spruces.  It  grows 
very  slowly,  however,  perhaps  more  slowly  than  any  other  conifer 
of  large  size. 

The  Red  Cedar  is  now  largely  planted  in  the  United  States, 
especially  in  formal  gardens,  but  this  tree  suffers  from  fungal  and 
insect  enemies  and  the  large  transplanted  specimens  too  often  become 
unsightly  from  the  loss  of  the  lower  branches.  When  pyramidal  trees 
are  needed  for  formal  planting  forms  of  the  eastern  Arbor  Vitae  are 
more  valuable  than  the  Red  Cedar. 

Of  more  southern  trees  the  CaroHna  Hemlock  has  proved  itself 
to  be  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  valuable  conifers  in  the 
Arboretum.  This  beautiful  tree  which  grows  at  high  altitudes 
on  the  Blue  Ridge  of  North  and  South  Carolina  is  smaller  than 
the  northern  Hemlock  but  is  more  gracefuUy  branched  and  of 
more  cheerful  color.  Still  Httle  known  or  planted,  it  seems  destined 
to  become  an  important  subject  for  the  decoration  of  northern 
gardens. 

Going  west  it  has  been  found  that  the  mountains  of  Colorado  have 
given  us  two  first-class  conifers  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  form  of  the 


Douglas  Spruce  and  in  the  White  Fir,  Abies  concolor.  The  latter 
proves  to  be  the  handsomest  and  most  desirable  Fir  tree  which  can  be 
grown  in  the  eastern  states.  From  the  mountains  of  Colorado  also 
come  the  Engelmann  Spruce  and  the  so-called  Colorado  Blue  Spruce 
(Picea  pungens).  The  former  is  a  handsome  and  very  hardy  tree  of  a 
narrow  pyramidal  habit  with  silvery  gray  fohage  and  red  scaly  bark. 
For  many  years  this  tree  was  the  handsomest  Spruce  in  the  Arboretum 
but  in  late  years  the  oldest  plants,  now  about  forty  years  old,  have 
begun  to  lose  their  lower  branches  and  their  greatest  beauty  as 
specimen  trees.  The  Blue  Spruce,  which  has  been  raised  in  great 
number  by  American  and  European  nurserymen,  is  handsome  for  a 
few  years  but  soon  loses  its  beauty  through  the  death  of  lower  branches 
and  before  it  is  fifty  years  old  becomes  in  cultivation,  as  when  growing 
naturally  in  Colorado,  an  ugly  and  unsightly  object.  Planters  of  this 
tree  are  destined  to  disappointment. 

Of  the  conifers  of  the  Pacific  coast  of  North  America  the  mountain 
White  Pine  (Pinus  monticola)  and  the  Sugar  Pine  (Pinus  Lambertiana) 
are  hardy  in  the  northern  states.  The  latter  grows  very  slpwly  but 
the  former  has  grown  fast  in  the  Arboretum  and  promises  to  become  a 
large  tree.  As  ornamental  trees  these  two  Pines,  however,  are  not 
superior  to  the  eastern  White  Pine  for  eastern  planting. 

The  Fir  of  the  northwest  coast,  Abies  grandis,  lives  in  the  Arbore- 
tum in  sheltered  positions,  but  it  is  not  probable  that  this  handsome 
tree  wiU  ever  be  of  much  use  in  eastern  plantations.  More  valuable 
is  the  western  Arbor  Vitae  (Thuya  pHcata),  the  Red  Cedar  of  the 
northwest.  This  tree  ranges  inward  from  the  coast  to  the  western 
slopes  of  the  northern  Rocky  Mountains,  and  the  plants  raised  from 
seed  gathered  forty  years  ago  in  interior  regions  have  produced  plants 
which  are  perfectly  hardy  in  the  Arboretum,  where  they  have  grown 
rapidly,  and  are  among  the  handsomest  and  most  interesting  trees 
in  the  collection.    Eastern  planters  may  well  pay  attention  to  this  tree. 

Still  going  west,  it  has  been  found  that  all  the  Japanese  conifers 
succeed  in  the  eastern  states  with  the  exception  of  those  from  the 
extreme  southern  part  of  the  country,  Hke  Cryptomeria  and  the 
Japanese  Douglas  Fir  which  are  not  hardy  in  New  England.  The 
Japanese  conifers  which  can  be  specially  recommended  are  Abies 
homolepis  and  Pinus  parviflora.  Among  the  Fir  trees  the  former  is 
only  second  in  value  to  the  White  Fir  of  Colorado  for  eastern  planta- 
tions. Of  the  conifers  of  eastern  continental  Asia  Pinus  koraiensis, 
Pinus  sinensis  and  the  Lace  Bark  Pine  (Pinus  Bungeana)  are  valuable 
trees  for  the  eastern  states,  and,  although  it  is  too  soon  to  say  much 
about  the  Spruces  and  Firs  raised  from  seed  collected  by  Wilson  in 
western  China,  up  to  this  time  the  young  plants  have  supported  with- 


out  injury  the  New  England  climate.  The  Indian  conifers  are  not 
hardy  in  the  northern  states  with  the  exception  of  the  Himalayan 
White  Pine  (Pinus  excelsa)  which  is  more  successful  in  the  middle 
states  than  it  is  in  New  England.  It  is  a  handsome  and  fast-growing 
tree  well  worth  growing  wherever  it  can  succeed. 

The  Siberian  Picea  obovata  is  a  hardy  and  handsome  tree  in  the 
Arboretum,  and  there  is  every  reason  to  suppose  that  this  tree  may 
prove  to  be  better  suited  to  the  interior  parts  of  this  country  than 
any  other  Spruce  tree.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  Spruce  of  Chinese 
Turkestan  (Picea  Schenkiana),  also  well  established  in  the  Arboretum. 

Two  Caucasian  conifers,  Picea  occidentalis  and  Abies  Nord- 
manniana,  are  among  the  handsomest  of  the  conifers  which  have 
been  grown  for  many  years  in  the  eastern  states  where  they  are  not 
rare.  Two  conifers  of  the  Balkan  Peninsula  have  proved  successful  in 
the  Arboretum,  the  White  Pine  (Pinus  peuke)  and  a  Spruce  (Picea 
Omorika);  the  former  is  not  superior  as  an  ornamental  tree  to  the 
western  White  Pine,  but  the  Balkan  Spruce,  judging  by  the  oldest 
plants  in  the  Arboretum  which  were  planted  in  1881,  gives  promise 
of  being  a  valuable  tree  in  the  northern  states. 

Although  they  have  been  much  planted  in  the  northern  states 
in  the  last  seventy-five  years,  the  conifers  of  central  and  western 
Europe  are  not  satisfactory  trees  for  eastern  America,  for  although 
they  grow  rapidly  when  young  they  lose  their  beauty  at  a  com- 
paratively early  age  and  often  die,  and  give  Httle  promise  of  becoming 
large  or  long-lived  trees  here.  This  is  true  of  the  Norway  Spruce  and 
the  Scotch  and  Austrian  pines.  These  three  trees,  although  they  grow 
very  rapidly  while  young  and  are  popular  with  nurserymen,  have 
already  shown  that  they  are  not  suited  to  the  American  climate,  and 
native  conifers  should  replace  them  for  general  planting. 

Some  Winter-flowering  Shrubs 
Thanks  to  the  plant-hunting  which  has  been  going  on  with  activity 
and  success  in  the  last  twenty-five  years,  it  is  now  possible  to  cultivate 
in  regions  where  the  thermometer  goes  below  zero  every  year  a  group 
of  shrubs  which  flower  during  the  winter  and  produce  abundant 
flowers  for  which  cold  has  no  terrors.  These  shrubs  are  Witch  Hazels 
and  there  are  three  winter-blooming  species,  the  other  species  being 
the  well  known  Witch  Hazel  of  our  eastern  woods  which  blooms  in 
October  and  November. 

The  first  of  the  winter-flowering  species  to  bloom  is  Hamamelis 
vernaHs.  This  shrub  is  a  native  of  southern  Missouri  and  northern 
Arkansas  where  it  grows  along  the  sandy  and  rocky  banks  of  small 
streams  over  which  it  spreads  by  underground  shoots  into  broad 


thickets.  The  flowers  are  smaller  than  those  of  the  northern  Witch 
Hazel  and  differ  from  them  in  the  red  color  of  the  inner  surface  of  the 
calyx.  This  interesting  plant  was  introduced  into  cultivation  by  the 
Arnold  Arboretum  where  it  is  well  estabUshed  and  where  it  flowers 
late  in  December  or  in  January. 

The  next  of  these  Witch  Hazels  to  bloom  are  natives  of  Japan, 
Hamamelis  japonica  and  its  variety  arborea.  They  are  tall  shrubs 
with  slender  spreading  branches,  and  the  flowers  are  produced  in  the 
Arboretum  in  great  quantities,  usually  opening  there  late  in  January 
and  remaining  in  good  condition  for  nearly  two  months.  The  flowers 
are  smaller  than  those  of  our  native  Witch  Hazel,  but  those  of  the 
variety  arborea  are  conspicuous  from  the  dark  red  color  of  the  inner 
surface  of  the  calyx.  These  plants  can  be  occasionally  found  in  com- 
mercial nurseries,  but  they  are  still  unfortunately  little  known  in 
American  gardens. 

Even  less  well  known  is  the  handsomest  of  all  the  Witch  Hazels. 
This  is  Hamamelis  mollis  and  is  a  native  of  western  China,  and  also 
blooms  in  the  Arboretum  in  January  and  February.  This  is  one  of 
the  handsomest  shrubs  of  recent  introduction  into  American  gardens. 
It  is  a  tall,  broad,  hardy  plant  of  rapid  growth,  with  large  nearly 
circular  leaves  which  are  of  a  cheerful  lively  green  color  on  the  upper 
surface  and  on  the  lower  surface  are  covered  with  a  thick  coat  of  pale 
hairs.  Late  in  October  they  turn  to  a  beautiful  clear  yellow  color  and 
do  not  in  ordinary  seasons  entirely  disappear  until  after  the  middle  of 
November.  The  flowers  are  bright  canary  yellow  and  are  larger  and 
handsomer  than  those  of  any  other  Witch  Hazel.  This  shrub  has  not 
yet  produced  seeds  in  the  Arboretum,  but  it  can  be  easily  propagated 
by  grafting  on  the  native  Witch  Hazel,  and  it  should  not  be  long  before 
every  one  who  has  a  winter  garden,  or  a  garden  which  can  be  seen  from 
the  windows  of  a  winter  home,  should  be  able  to  enjoy  this  remarkable 
shrub.  C.  S.  Sargent. 

Intensive  Gardening 

I  suppose  no  one  ever  held  one  of  these  meetings  without  some 
sort  of  regret,  and  to-day  particularly,  I  feel  great  hesitancy  in  letting 
you  even  walk  into  the  garden  and  see  its  emptiness,  for  it  has  never 
been  an  autumn  garden.  In  fact,  even  at  its  best  it  contains  no  rare 
or  interesting  plants,  lovely  vistas  or  surprises — though  it  gives  us 
many  happy  hours.  Please  be  lenient  in  judging  it,  for  this  is  its 
first  year  in  the  present  form,  and  also  because  except  for  cutting  and 
edging  the  grass,  it  is  entirely  dependent  on  our  two  pair  of  hands  for 
its  care. 


When  I  knew  this  spring  that  I  had  this  meeting  to  look  forward  to 
all  summer,  I  wondered  what  on  earth  I  could  take  as  a  subject  for 
my  paper, — then  came  the  President's  "call  to  arms,"  and  as  we 
tried  to  respond  to  his  appeal,  it  gradually  became  evident  that  the 
garden  was  obviously  an  attempt  at  "Intensive  Gardening."  When 
the  cry  went  forth  "to  make  every  family  self -supporting,"  we 
wondered  how  we  could  do  our  bit  without  adding  a  real  vegetable 
garden,  and  in  this,  circumstances  were  with  us — for  at  that  moment 
the  architect  and  I  were  at  variance  about  the  hedge  which  was  to 
surround  the  rose  garden  and  make  a  background  for  the  long  borders. 
I  had  rejected  privet  with  scorn  and  was  looking  with  some  favor  on 
inkberry,  when  his  estimate  for  the  latter  came!  The  size  of  that, 
combined  with  the  fact  that  it  was  an  experiment  at  best,  settled  the 
question;  no  hedge  for  the  garden  after  all,  or  rather  an  entirely  new 
kind  of  hedge — one  of  vegetables! 

When  this  fiat  was  issued  to  the  architect,  instead  of  the  dismay 
and  disappointment  I  expected  to  meet,  he  quite  approved, — though 
perhaps  not  with  genuine  enthusiasm.  However,  the  idea  took  root 
and  grew,  for  within  48  hours  he  came  back  with  the  suggestion  of  a 
hedge  of  blueberries, — a  variety  with  which  the  Government  had 
been  experimenting,  Vaccinium  corymbosum  which  he  added  would 
be  in  the  light  of  "permanent  preparedness."  So  blueberries  it  was, 
and  all  sides  were  satisfied. 

In  planting,  it  was  necessary  to  consider  the  lasting  qualities 
and  the  hedge  effect  through  the  flower  garden,  as,  of  course,  that 
could  be  seen  from  the  house,  so  on  the  avenue  side  of  the  long  border, 
we  planted  a  row  of  tomato  plants;  and  in  front  of,  and  alternated 
with  them,  we  set  cabbages  and  cauHflower.  Did  you  ever  appreciate 
what  a  lovely  gray-green  these  two  plants  are?  I  never  did. 

To  balance  the  tomatoes  were  planted  25  poles  of  Kentucky 
Wonder  beans,  with  cabbages  between,  and  now  we  know  what  kind 
of  a  bean  Jack  planted  for  his  beanstalk.  All  these  cabbages  were 
young  plants,  but  later  when  our  own  seedlings  were  big  enough,  we 
planted  more  in  front  of  the  blueberries  and  behind  them,  and  in 
every  nook  and  corner,  till  the  man  of  the  family  cried  "enough!" 
lest  we  have  to  live  on  the  despised  food.  Now,  however,  we  have 
learned  better,  and  "cabbage  au  gratin"  meets  with  hearty  ap- 
proval. 

Under  the  pear  tree  was  a  very  prominent  place,  and  being  a  warm 
south  exposure,  early  peas  were  planted — two  rows  of  them — and 
surely  in  our  ignorance  we  chose  the  best  place,  for  the  pear  tree  was 
later  than  ever  in  blooming,  so  that  every  atom  of  sun  reached  them, 
and  also  it  was  the  best  drained  and  most  protected  bed  of  all. 


In  front  of  the  peas  we  put  Swiss  Chard,  remembering  the  decora- 
tive value  of  its  fresh  green  leaves  and  white  stems,  and  its  cut-and- 
come-again  ability;  and  again  on  the  edge,  space  was  left  for  early- 
lettuce  and  radishes.  Later  these  were  replaced  by  transplanted  beets, 
while  a  late  crop  of  string  beans  and  turnips  followed  the  peas.  Cre- 
tainly  a  new  sense  of  color  value  has  come  to  us  in  greens  at  least. 

Under  the  piazza  window  was  room  for  a  later  variety  of  peas,  now 
followed  by  kohlrabi;  while  in  the  furthest  corner  away  from  the  house, 
New  Zealand  Spinach  and  the  onion  sets  were  planted,  the  latter 
being  replaced  by  a  late  sowing  of  beets  and  carrots. 

In  an  unseen  corner  the  former  vegetable  garden  did  its  share;  a 
small  plot  12x40,  which  of  late  had  been  used  as  a  picking  garden  for 
dahhas,  nasturtiums,  etc.,  and  a  bit  of  spinach.  This  year,  however, 
every  inch  was  used  for  vegetables.  At  the  upper  end,  three  rows  of 
peas  alternated  with  three  rows  of  Golden  Bantam  corn,  the  peas  being 
replaced  by  squash  and  cabbage.  Next,  4  rows  of  string  beans,  then 
4  of  Limas,  and  4  more  of  string — a  later  planting — while  the 
lower  end  was  given  up  to  3  rows  each  of  carrots,  beets  and  onion 
seed. 

The  beauty  of  the  garden  has  been  that  being  small  we  could 
give  it  our  personal  care,  and  see,  therefore,  that  everything  was  picked 
in  its  prime,  eaten,  canned  or  given  away.  Since  July  4th  our  veg- 
etable purchases  have  consisted  of  2  heads  of  lettuce,  a  few  green 
peppers,  and  one  dozen  corn. 

Statistics  are  seldom  interesting,  and  yet  I  cannot  resist  giving 
you  a  few.  As  near  as  we  can  estimate,  the  vegetables  occupy  the 
equivalent  of  a  garden  35x40.  This  has  completely  supphed  a  house- 
hold of  6  and  guests,  and  in  addition  we  have  so  far  canned  for  winter 
use  71  quarts  and  72  pints  of  carrots,  beets,  chard,  spinach,  peas, 
beans,  tomatoes  and  corn. 

From  this  you  may  feel  we  have  wholly  substituted  vegetables  in 
a  flower  garden.  Not  so.  The  long  borders  have  been  surprisingly 
full  of  bloom  all  summer,  and  the  roses  have  flourished  and  bloomed 
better  than  we  had  any  right  to  expect  the  first  year.  The  heart  of 
the  garden  is  all  there  just  as  it  was  planned, — terrace,  roses,  peren- 
nials— and  its  background,  though  perhaps  unconventional,  has 
certainly  been  luxuriant  and  effective. 

Mrs.  Thomas  Motley,  Jr. 

North  Shore  Garden  Club  of  Massachusetts. 


In  these  war  days,  when  the  arrival  of  bulbs  from  Europe  is 
broplematical  the  following  article  should  be  most  useful  and  timely. 


Why  Bulbs  Sometimes  Do  Not  Bloom 

A  bulb  can  only  develop  the  flower  which  has  been  formed  with- 
in it  during  the  growth  of  the  previous  year.  If  that  growth  has  been 
stunted  or  prevented  in  any  way  before  the  ripening  of  that  bulb 
the  year  before,  no  amount  of  care  will  produce  a  bloom. 

Although  for  convenience  we  call  them  all  bulbs,  there  is  a  dif- 
ference between  the  root  stocks  of  the  various  most  conmaon  kinds. 
A  crocus  for  instance,  has  for  its  root  stock  a  corm;  a  daffodil,  a  bulb. 
The  chief  difference  between  a  corm  and  a  bulb  is  in  the  covering  or 
husk  and  in  the  method  of  storing  food  for  the  next  year's  growth. 
The  husk  of  the  corm  is  thin,  dry  and  scaley  and  covers  the  solid  root 
stock  within,  but  the  husk  of  the  bulb  is  made  up  of  many  scales  or 
coverings.  In  both  cases  these  coverings  are  composed  of  the  bases 
of  dead  leaves  which  in  a  bulb  after  they  ripen  and  die  down,  form 
thickened  scales  and  hold  the  nourishment  for  the  next  year  until  it 
is  required.  In  the  corm,  however,  the  nourishment  is  stored  in  the 
stem,  whose  thickened  base  forms  the  root  stock  and  new  growth. 

In  the  bulb  new  buds  form  at  the  axils  of  the  leaves  or  scales, 
which  gradually  split  off,  and  form  a  new  generation;  and  in  the  corm 
these  buds  sprout  from  the  parent  bulb  accomplishing  the  same 
end,  in  both  cases  at  the  expense  of  the  parent  which  finally  crumbles 
away.  This  however,  takes  several  years  to  accomplish  and  if  the 
conditions  are  right,  there  is  no  reason  why  the  bloom  should  not  be 
continuous  in  the  meanwhile. 

But  bulbs  and  corms  will  not  bloom  if  their  leaves  are  cut  off 
before  they  fully  ripen  and  die  down  of  themselves,  because  these 
leaves  are  perfecting  the  new  flower  within  for  the  next  year's  blossom- 
ing, making  their  bases  into  little  reserves  of  food  and  strength. 
Therefore  the  f ohage^  should  never  be  cut  down  and  if  it  seems  too 
unsightly,  annuals  may  be  planted  to  cover  the  yellowing  leaves. 

For  this  reason  also,  the  treatment  of  bulbs  after  flowering  is 
such  an  important  factor  in  the  next  season's  bloom  that  it  cannot 
be  too  carefully  attended  to.  If  it  is  impossible  to  leave  the  bulbs 
undisturbed  where  they  have  bloomed  until  the  foHage  has  died  down, 
they  should  be  carefully  taken  up  with  a  spade,  disturbing  the  roots 
as  little  as  possible  and  with  care  not  to  cut  or  crush  the  leaves. 
Then  heel  in  the  plants  in  a  shallow  trench  in  some  haff  shady,  out 
of  the  way  place  until  ripe. 

Bulbs  will  not  bloom  if  they  have  been  out  of  the  ground  too 
long  and  allowed  to  lose  their  vitaHty.  The  sooner  they  can  be  put 
in  the  ground  when  ripe,  the  better,  for  vitality  once  lost,  they  prob- 
ably will  never  regain  it,  no  matter  how  much  they  are  fertiUzed  and 


watered  and  though  there  is  a  sUght  chance  that  after  two  or  three 
years  they  may  regain  their  Hfe  and  strength,  it  would  hardly  pay 
most  of  us  to  give  them  care  and  garden  room  while  waiting. 

I  shall  not  go  into  the  methods  of  proper  storage  for  bulbs,  as 
different  kinds  require  different  treatments,  but  the  manner  of 
storage  would  greatly  affect  the  chances  of  bloom.  If  tender  bulbs 
are  kept  in  too  low  a  temperature  they  are  as  surely  ruined  as  others 
would  be  if  kept  in  too  hot  a  place. 

Bulbs  will  not  bloom  well  if  they  have  been  forced  in  a  hot  house 
the  year  before  though  care  and  good  nourishment  will  restore  them 
after  a  year  or  two  by  which  time  the  small  new  bulbs  will  be  avail- 
able. The  original  will  probably  be  exhausted  as  bulbs  sold  for  this 
purpose  have  generally  reached  their  maximum  size. 

House  bulbs  sometimes  do  not  produce  blooms  if  they  are  brought 
too  soon  into  a  high  temperature,  or  if  they  are  kept  in  too  hot  a  place. 

In  the  case  of  bulbs  and  corms  which  have  flowered  profusely 
one  year  and  refuse  to  bloom  the  next,  if  the  foHage  has  not  been 
injured,  the  soil  may  have  been  so  poor  as  to  affect  them,  or,  if  the 
summer  has  been  very  hot  and  dry,  and  they  have  been  exposed  to  a 
thorough  baking  from  the  sun,  they  are  practically  ruined. 

One  of  the  members  of  our  Garden  Club  reported  a  dearth  of 
snow-drop  blossoms  this  year  and  having  cut  the  blossoms  liberally 
last  spring,  thought  that  might  have  affected  them.  Having  written 
to  an  authority  on  the  subject  I  insert  his  answer: 

"Dear  Miss  Williams:  In  reply  to  your  note  let  me  say  that  if  last 
year  you  cut  the  snow-drop  flowers  without  removing  the  green  leaves 
with  them  this  should  in  no  way  have  injured  the  plants  but  rather 
have  helped  them.  But  if  in  removing  these  you  took  one  or  more 
of  the  green  leaves  at  the  base  this  v/ould  undoubtedly  destroy  their 
strength  for  another  season.  But  I  am  tolerably  sure  that  the  main 
cause  of  their  unsatisfactory  flowering  with  you  this  year  is  due 
to  our  hot  dry  summer  seasons  which  prove  very  disastrous  to  snow- 
drop bulbs.  The  same  thing  even  is  true  of  crocuses  and  the  only  way 
to  keep  either  of  them  successfully  is  to  put  a  heavy  covering  of  leaf 
mulch  over  them  throughout  the  summer,  which  keeps  the  ground 
somewhat  moist  and  prevents  drying  and  death  of  the  bulbs. 
This  looks  by  no  means  tidy  in  a  garden  and  on  this  account  is 
seldom  resorted  to.  I  fear  therefore  that  you  may  find  it  necessary, 
as  do  most  others,  to  renew  your  supply  of  bulbs,  from  time  to  time." 

Therefore,  cutting  the  blooms  cannot  affect  hardy  bulbs  and  they 
do  better  and  last  longer  if  the  flowers  are  cut,  as  an  effort  to  form 


seeds  weakens  the  bulbs.  A  hyacinth  bulb  that  matures  seeds  is 
virtually  destroyed.  In  the  case  of  the  snow-drops  the  explanation  of 
their  failure  is  strengthened  by  the  fact  that  they  prefer  partial  shade 
and  are  naturally  found  in  Northern  exposures  and  do  better  in 
similar  garden  conditions. 

Of  course  bulbs  often  disappear  entirely  from  the  border  and  are  de- 
stroyed by  various  causes, — field  mice,  mildew,  too  much  manure,  etc. 

Daffodils  will  not  bloom  very  well  the  year  after  they  have  been 
too  thinly  separated  unless  all  the  bulbs  are  mature,  therefore  for 
the  sake  of  immediate  effect  it  is  well  to  transplant  two  or  three 
together  and  in  replanting  our  own  bulbs  we  always  run  this  risk  of 
having  to  wait  a  year  of  two  for  blooms. 

To  sum  up  the  subject — 

Bulbs  will  not  bloom  if  their  leaves  are  cut  off  before  they  have 
ripened. 

They  will  not  bloom  if  they  have  been  out  of  the  ground  too  long 
and  allowed  to  dry  up  and  lose  their  vitahty. 

They  will  not  bloom  if  they  have  been  forced  the  year  before. 

They  will  not  bloom  if  the  season  has  been  a  dry  one,  and  they 
have  dried  up  where  they  were  planted. 

They  will  not  bloom  the  following  year  if  the  soil  has  been  too 
poor  to  nourish  them. 

They  will  not  bloom  if  they  are  too  young  or  have  been  dug  up 
and  transplanted  before  they  are  fully  matured. 

They  will  not  bloom  if  they  have  been  injured  in  storage  and  for 
many  of  these  reasons — they  will  not  bloom  if  cheap  and  second  rate 
bulbs  are  bought.  The  moral  of  which  is,  always  go  to  a  reliable  seeds- 
man and  never  buy  "bargain  bulbs." 

Elizabeth  D.  Williams. 

Gardeners  of  Montgomery  and  Delaware  Counties. 


Roses 

The  following  directions  for  rose  culture  I  received  from  Admiral 
Ward  several  years  ago  and  I  have  followed  them  during  these  years 
with  most  successful  results.  Mrs.  William  Scott  Pyle, 

Garden  Club  of  Somerset  Hills. 

Make  bed  in  Autumn  for  Roses. 

Plant  21  inches  apart. 

Three  rows — outside  row  12  inches  from  edge. 

Plant  Hybrid  Perpetuals  about  March  25th. 

Other  Roses  after  April  20th. 


Do  not  place  manure  in  contact  with  roots,  cover  with  fine  mold, 
then  fine  manure,  well  rotted. 

Pruning  hardy  Roses,  both  cHmbers  and  others,  should  be  finished 
March  15th. 

Tender  Roses  early  April. 

Prune  back  new  Roses  very  vigorously. 

Do  not  train  chmbers  straight  up. 

After  April  15th  soil  in  cultivation,  hoeing  every  fortnight  until 
middle  of  July,  then  mulch. 

When  Roses  are  setting  buds,  Uquid  manure,  especially  after  rain. 

Hybrid  Perpetuals,  June  ist. 

Teas  and  Hybrid  Teas,  June  15th. 

yi  gallon  to  plant  middle  of  July,  cHmbers  also. 

Water,  gallon  to  plant  dry  weather. 

Middle  of  July  mulch  with  manure  after  hoeing. 

Remove  surplus  mulch  in  autumn  before  putting  on  winter 
protection. 

Spraying.  Whale  oil  soap,  i  pound  to  8  gallons  water,  4  times  sea- 
son, beginning  just  before  leaves  open  and  every  20  days  until  July  ist. 

Bordeaux  mixture  for  mildew  or  black  spot,  once  a  week  from 
middle  of  July. 

For  Rose  bug,  Paris  Green,  i  pound  to  200  gallons. 

Protection.  By  Nov.  15  th,  all  Roses — well  rotted  manure  around 
base,  forming  cone  10  inches  high. 

All  tender  shoots  bent  down  and  buried. 

Cover  beds  with  coating  of  dry  leaves  20  inches  in  thickness. 

Completed  Thanksgiving. 

Remove  covering  not  before  April  lit  and  until  April  20th.  What 
remains  of  manure  may  be  forked  in. 


Summer  Work  of  the 
North  Shore  Garden  Club  of  Massachusetts 

A  special  meeting  of  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club  was  called  to 
consider  the  suggestions  of  the  Farm  and  Garden  Association  to 
finance  a  unit  of  women  workers  on  the  land.  A  committee  was 
appointed  to  investigate  whether  the  conditions  in  that  club  war- 
ranted the  effort. 

It  was  foimd  that  sufficient  labor  was  available  to  produce  garden 
crops  for  the  consumption  of  the  people  of  the  neighborhood  without 
reverting  to  hired  women  labor.  The  flower  gardens  must,  of  course 
take  their  chances  in  the  hands  of  their  owners.    We  were  very  anxi- 


ous  to  follow  the  suggestion  of  The  Garden  Club  of  America  that 
each  of  its  branches  use  its  organization  in  some  way  for  the  National 
Service  of  food  production  and  conservation.  To  do  this  we  have 
formed  a  imit  of  young  girls  from  sixteen  years  of  age  upwards  who 
will  work  under  a  trained  agriculturist  to  raise  crops  for  one  of  the 
charitable  institutions  that  has  always  given  fine  service  to  the  com- 
munity for  many  years.  These  girls  have  leisure  and  a  strong  desire 
for  patriotic  service.  The  members  of  the  Garden  Club  have  given 
them  for  this  season  the  use  of  the  land.  The  experience  of  the  heads 
of  the  local  centers  for  canning  and  drying  has  very  generously  been 
offered  them. 

If  their  experiment  proves  a  success  or  if  other  Service  Auxiliaries 
of  young  people  are  formed,  not  to  compete  with  the  local  market  by 
seUing  its  produce  but  to  reheve  the  market  of  the  drain  of  a  charitable 
institution  we  think  there  will  be  real  gain. 

Massachusetts  Food  Administrator,  Mr.  Henry  B.  Endicott, 
endorses  this  experiment  as  a  wise  one,  and  Mrs.  Thayer,  Chairman 
of  The  Women's  Council  for  National  Defense,  thinks  this  plan  re- 
markably well  worth  while.  Miss  Arnold,  Dean  of  Simmons  College, 
endorses  it  not  only  from  the  standpoint  of  increasing  the  supply  of 
available  foods,  but  she  thinks  that  it  will  count  even  more  in  that 
all  who  are  interested  will  become  conscious  supporters  of  the  Govern- 
ment in  its  solution  of  the  food  problem. 

Surely,  everybody  is  needed  in  this  crisis,  and  we  are  very  proud 
of  these  girls  who  do  not  ask  to  be  excused  this  drudgery. 


Report  of 
Lenox  Garden  Club  ^ 

In  April,  191 7,  on  the  entry  of  the  United  States  into  the  European 
war,  the  members  of  the  Lenox  Garden  Club  decided  that  the  useful 
rather  than  the  ornamental  should  engage  the  energies  of  the  Club 
in  the  immediate  future,  and  that  all  members  must  increase  food 
production  in  their  gardens  and  influence  others  to  take  up  this  pa- 
triotic duty.  A  contribution  was  made  to  the  County  Agricultural 
Bureau,  also  a  teacher  was  engaged  to  give  lectures  on  Food  Economies 
in  the  nearby  towns.  Mr.  Corbett  of  the  Washington  Department  of 
Agriculture  gave  a  lecture  to  the  Club  on  the  Storage  of  Fruits  and 
Vegetables,  as  did  Mr.  D.  Fairchild  of  the  Department  of  Plant  In- 
troduction, who  spoke  of  the  new  food  plants  that  were  being  ex- 
perimented with.  A  donation  of  $200  was  made  to  the  Fund  for 
French  Orchardists,    Outside  of  the  Club  much  was  done  in  the 


neighborhood  to  produce  and  conserve  vegetables  and  fruits,  and 
during  the  summer  much  work  was  accomphshed  by  the  members 
in  the  canning  kitchens.  In  Stockbridge  an  interesting  experiment 
was  made  through  the  Food  Conservation  Committee  by  forming  a 
Girls'  Patriotic  League  to  work  on  the  land,  chiefly  in  planting,  weed- 
ing, thinning  and  picking,  at  fifteen  cents  an  hour.  Forty-three  girls 
were  enrolled  during  the  summer,  both  from  the  villages  and  from 
cities,  and  though  for  the  most  part  new  to  the  labor,  the  work  done 
and  the  girls'  health  were  equally  good.  Mrs.  H.  McBurney,  by 
whose  efforts  the  Guild  was  started,  says  that  in  the  young  American 
girl  there  is  a  fine  patriotic  enthusiasm  and  vigor  the  country  would 
do  well  to  make  use  of. 

The  first  meeting  was  advertised  by  the  Food  Conservation  Com- 
mittee as  a  Girls'  Patriotic  Rally,  and  it  was  explained  to  them  that  a 
strip  of  land  for  a  vegetable  garden  had  been  offered  the  Committee 
and  they  had  been  unable  to  accept  it,  as  no  one  had  been  found  to 
work  it.  The  possibihty  of  their  being  able  to  do  it  was  suggested 
and  immediately  twelve  girls  offered  to  enroll  and  the  land  was 
secured.  The  first  meeting  of  the  Guild  was  then  held,  at  which  more 
girls  enrolled.  Each  girl  was  given  a  bronze  medal  to  wear  and  the 
organization  of  the  Guild  was  made  as  simple  as  possible.  One  officer 
was  to  attend  to  the  enrollments,  keep  the  Hst  of  names,  and  any  one 
requiring  the  girls'  services  was  to  apply  to  her.  Another  was  to  look 
after  the  transportation  arrangements  for  girls  who  were  to  work 
at  farms  beyond  walking  distance.  These  posts  were  at  first  taken 
by  members  of  the  Conservation  Committee,  but  as  soon  as  practic- 
able, they  were  given  to  the  girls  to  increase  their  responsibility  and 
pride  in  the  work.  The  garden  was  worked  by  a  team  of  four  girls 
every  day,  each  one  of  whom  was  captain  by  turns  during  the  month. 
Papers  recording  the  girls  working  and  the  work  done,  and  also  of  that 
done  elsewhere,  were  read  at  the  weekly  meeting,  and  careful  records 
were  kept  of  the  work  accomphshed  by  each  member  during  the  whole 
summer.  In  that  way  interest  was  not  allowed  to  flag  and  each  girl 
felt  her  work  was  noticed  and  appreciated.  It  was  largely  owing  to 
these  meetings  that  the  spirit  of  enthusiasm  was  so  weU  kept  up. 
One  girl  was  selected  to  be  superintendent  of  the  garden,  and  several 
of  the  younger  ones  were  delegated  to  sell  the  produce  from  house  to 
house.  Another  girl  undertook  organizing  parties  to  pick  blackberries 
and  blueberries,  getting  volunteers  and  arranging  for  motors,  etc. 
As  the  Guild  grew  larger,  an  executive  committee  of  the  girls  them- 
selves was  formed,  consisting  of  a  chairman,  treasurer  and  secretary. 
The  work  was  chiefly  on  farms  and  vegetable  gardens.  It  was  difficult 
at  first  to  get  city  girls  to  take  it  up,  but  they  soon  grew  keen  about  it. 


In  England,  where  the  movement  has  been  so  successful,  it  is  well- 
to-do  girls  who  began  working  on  farms.  A  medal  was  given  to  the 
girl  (aged  14)  making  the  best  record  of  222  hours  work  and  earning 
$25.00  during  the  summer.  The  expenses  were  all  advanced  by  the 
Conservation  Committee,  but  were  repaid.  One  report  from  a  farm 
says,  "Girl  first-rate  worker,  on  the  job  all  the  while,"  another, 
"Superintendent  wants  to  know  if  the  big  one  can  come  and  hoe  corn 
next  week — she's  as  good  as  a  man,  anyhow."  During  the  winter 
lectures  are  planned  and  it  is  expected  the  girls  will  write  essays. 

If  Agricultural  Bureaus  throughout  the  country  would  take  up 
the  training  of  girls  for  garden  work  the  problem  of  sufficient  labor 
for  the  necessary  increase  of  vegetable  gardening  would  be  immensely 
lessened,  and  an  outlet  would  be  provided  for  the  patriotic  aspira- 
tions of  those  girls  who  cannot  take  up  nursing  or  Red  Cross  work. 

Georgiana  W.  Sargent,  Secretary. 


Feed  the  Birds  and 
They  Will  Help  to  Feed  Us 

Editor  of  The  Garden  Club  of  America: 

I  should  like  to  call  the  attention  of  the  members  of  The  Garden 
Club  of  America  to  the  need  for  saving  the  insect-feeding  birds. 
The  continuous  cold  weather  and  snow  have  resulted  in  the  death  of 
many  of  these  little  protectors  of  the  farmers'  crops.  If  there  ever 
was  a  time  in  the  history  of  America  when  we  needed  to  preserve  our 
insect-eating  birds  it  is  now! 

Careful  researches  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  have  demon- 
strated that  one-tenth  of  the  agricultural  products  in  the  United 
States  are  destroyed  annually  by  insects.  With  the  ravages  which  the 
snow  and  cold  are  making  in  the  ranks  of  the  insect-eating  birds  and 
the  increased  acreage  that  is  being  put  in  crops  this  percentage  is 
bound  to  increase.  The  game  birds  are  among  our  most  voracious 
insect-eaters.  They,  as  well  as  the  song  birds,  therefore,  ought  to 
be  given  the  fullest  protection.  There  is  a  Federal  Law  which 
provides  for  the  protection  of  the  song  birds,  but  in  Maryland  and 
many  of  the  other  states,  it  is  not  being  enforced.  The  high  cost  of 
meats  has  caused  many  ignorant  people,  chiefly  Italians,  to  kill  them 
for  food. 

The  Federal  Law  and  the  State- wide  Game  Law  are  War  Measures. 
There  is  a  State-wide  Game  Law  in  44  out  of  the  48  States.  Two  years 
ago  the  Maryland  Legislature  failed  by  five  votes  to  pass  the  State- 
wide Game  Law.   It  has  been  introduced  again  this  year,  and  should 


be  passed  promptly  and  without  a  dissenting  voice.  Without  food 
we  cannot  win  the  war,  and  without  the  help  of  the  birds  we  shall 
have  dif&culty  in  saving  the  crops.         Mrs.  Edward  H.  Bouton, 

President,  Roland  Park  Bird  Club. 
Amateur  Gardeners  Clubs. 

Deliver  Us  from  Our  Friends 

The  suggestion  is  made  that  two  spring  days  be  given  to  school 
children  to  visit  the  woods  and  fields  and  see  spring  flowers  grow. 

Here  is  another  suggestion. — 

That  the  children  be  taught  to  respect  what  they  see.  It  is  a 
prevaiHng  notion  that  the  way  to  demonstrate  an  interest  in  the  out- 
doors is  to  destroy  its  beauties.  If  people  were  indifferent  to  wild 
flowers  the  flowers  would  not  be  at  the  very  edge  of  extinction. 

About  great  cities  where  people  go  in  the  greatest  numbers  the 
wild  flowers  are  dying  out  because  of  the  interest  taken  in  them.  They 
are  dragged  up  by  the  roots.  They  are  prevented  from  seeding.  They 
disappear  from  places  which  they  decorated  to  the  pleasure  of  the  very 
folk  who  destroyed  them. 

The  arbutus,  that  very  breath  of  spring,  has  gone  from  suburban 
woods.  People  who  loved  it  would  not  let  it  live.  The  lady  slippers 
once  colored  the  later  days  of  spring.  They  are  gone.  The  trillium  is 
going.  Even  the  hardy  phlox  and  the  delicate  wild  geranium,  even 
violets,  are  disappearing  in  the  hands  of  their  deadly  friends  who  will 
not  be  content  with  seeing  them  where  they  belong  but  must  tear 
them  out  to  carry  a  basketful  of  sad,  wilted  flowers  home  to  be  hope- 
less and  faded  aliens  in  surroundings  where  they  can  be  only  forlorn. 

It  is  not  sentimentalism  to  lament  the  brutality  which  destroys 
the  wild  flowers.  If  they  were  not  worth  while  in  the  lives  of  human 
beings  they  would  be  safe.  No  one  would  molest  them.  The  fact  that 
they  are  destroyed  proves  that  they  ought  to  be  protected. 

If  wild  flowers  can  be  protected  from  people  who  think  they  are 
worth  while  they  will  be  safe. 

Adapted  from  The  Chicago  Tribune. 

Lowthorpe  School  of  Landscape  Architecture, 
Groton,  Massachusetts 

Looking  through  the  sale  hst  of  alpines,  other  rock  plants  and 
perennials  for  sale  by  the  Nursery  Department  at  Lowthorpe,  I  ex- 
claimed to  Miss  Louise  Hetzer,  Instructor  in  Horticulture, — but  who 
calls  herself  Superintending  Gardener — "Why  don't  you  advertise 


this  department  in  the  Bulletin?"  Quick  as  a  flash  she  twinkled  up 
at  me  and  answered  "  Good!  and  why  don't  you  write  an  article  about 
us  whilst  you  are  here?"  "Let's  do  both,"  I  replied  and  herewith  ful- 
fill my  part  of  the  agreement. 

You  have  seen,  I  am  sure,  a  good  many  articles  in  various  maga- 
zines about  this  School  of  Landscape  Architecture  for  Women,  so  I 
am  glad  there  is  a  new  department  for  me  to  tell  of  and  although  it  is  a 
department  that  can  be  of  especial  interest  to  us, — old  gardeners  with 
ever-new  gardens, — still  I  must  leave  room  to  tell  you  of  some  other 
details  of  the  School  and  its  curriculum. 

I  want  to  propose,  here  and  now,  that  The  Garden  Club  of 
America  "lend  a  hand"  in  the  maintenance  of  this  lovely  and  in- 
teresting organization  and  that  we  place  our  orders  for  alpines  and 
perennials  here  at  Lowthorpe.  "The  girls"  in  the  school  tell  me  that 
there  never  were  such  plants  as  Miss  Hetzer  ships.  "You  should 
see  how  they  are  packed"  said  one.  "We  do  it  ourselves, — it  is  a 
part  of  our  course,"  I  think  we  might  be  very  proud  indeed  to  be 
continuously  Patronesses  of  a  Woman's  School  of  Horticulture. 

Over  in  the  corner  of  the  drafting  room  is  a  group  of  post-graduates 
who  at  this  minute  are  working  out  the  solution  of  a  problem  which 
troubled  some  home  maker  to  such  an  extent  that  she  appealed  to 
one  of  our  well  known  magazines  whose  Reader's  Service  Department 
offers  to  help  any  one  in  their  garden  plans  and  it  occurs  to  me  to 
ask  why  should  not  Garden  Club  members  make  known  their  wants 
of  this  kind  directly  to  the  Drafting  Department  of  Lowthorpe, — 
again  being  real  Patronesses. 

It  has  been  exceedingly  interesting  these  days  to  watch  the  never 
ending  procession  of  special  teachers  who  come  down  from  Boston, — 
some  one  for  some  department  every  day  of  the  week, — yesterday 
Mr.  Kellogg,  to  criticise  problems  in  architectural  design,  today 
Miss  Dawson  from  Radcliffe — almost  born  and  brought  up  in  the 
Arboretum, — who  teaches  identification  of  trees  and  shrubs,  and  a 
man  from  Harvard  for  surveying.  Tomorrow  will  come  Professor 
Pray  of  Harvard  for  landscape  design  and  Professor  Sholtes  for 
drawing  and  water  color. 

Nor  are  these  from  the  big  outside  more  interesting  than  Miss 
Cogswell  with  her  lectures  and  wonderful  photographs  on  the  History 
of  Gardens,  or  Mrs.  Strang  with  her  exquisite  detail  of  plans,  or 
Miss  Hetzer,  who  this  smiling,  sunny  March  day  took  us  over  to 
prune  the  grape  vines  and  pear  trees  hanging  over  a  neighboring  pig 
sty. 

Did  you  ever  see  any  pictures  of  the  interior  of  Lowthorpe? 
But  why  ask? — it  is  so  easy  to  see  places  and  things  and  forget  them. 


This  is  a  ravishingly  beautiful  old  Colonial  home.  The  detail  of 
interior  finish  is  exquisite.  As  I  write  my  left  hand  is  picking  out 
and  following  the  lovely  Unes  and  curves  of  a  beautiful  mantle  and 
my  eye  follows  with  joy  the  fine  lines  of  carving  under  the  windows 
opposite.  Truly  there  are  pleasures  in  inanimate  things  here  not 
mentioned  in  the  prospectus,  from  which,  as  I  go  to  spend  a  while  in 
the  greenhouses,  I  have  asked  one  of  the  girls  to  copy  the  paragraph 
below. 

"Lowthorpe  has  an  up-to-date  greenhouse  of  four  temperatures 
and  this  is  supplemented  by  two  separate  smaller  houses,  a  cold  house 
for  grapes,  and  a  conservatory  for  hard  wooded  plants,  besides  hot- 
beds and  cold  frames.  When  competent  to  do  so,  individual  students 
are  placed  in  charge  of  one  or  another  of  these  houses,  thus  getting 
valuable  experience  in  ventilation,  watering  and  the  general  care 
of  a  greenhouse." 

But  ere  I  go,  let  me  again  repeat  my  suggestions  made  above  to 
seize  this  excellent  opportunity  for  buying  good  plants,  well  packed, 
and  incidentally  to  "lend  a  hand"  in  support  of  this  very  worthwhile 
institution.  Eleanor  Squire. 

Garden  Club  of  Cleveland. 

War  Courses 

lieutenants'  courses 

Vegetable  Gardening 12  weeks 

Mondays  10-12:30  April  8  to  June  24 

Mondays  2—  4:30  April  8  to  June  24 

The  morning  course  deals  with  Principles  and  Practices  of  Vege- 
table Gardening  such  as  sowing,  planting,  cultivating  the  crop,  plan- 
ning and  preparing  the  ground,  the  use  of  tools,  etc. 

The  afternoon  course  deals  with  Culture  of  Specific  Crops — Pota- 
toes, Onions,  Root  crops,  and  all  principal  vegetables. 

Fruit  Growing         12  weeks 

Fridays  10-12:30  April  12  to  June  28 

The  aim  of  this  course  is  to  prepare  heutenants  to  insure  the  pro- 
duction of  our  staple  fruit  supply.  This  course  deals  with  the  planting, 
pruning  and  training,  spra)dng,  harvesting  and  routine  culture  of 
fruit. 

Canning  and  Preserving 12  weeks 

Fridays  2—4  April  12  to  June  28 

Latest  up-to-date  methods  in  conserving  Vegetables  and  Fruits 
by  Drying,  Canning  and  Preserving. 


Poultry         12  weeks 

Fridays  2—4  April  12  to  June  28 

General  Course  in  Poultry  rearing  with  special  attention  to  War 

rations  for  fowls. 

captains'  course 
Mondays  to  Fridays  inclusive        12  weeks        April  8  to  June  28 
This  course  includes  the  War  Courses  in  Vegetable  Gardening, 

Fruit  Growing,  Canning  and  Preserving  and  Poultry;  also  lectures 

and  practical  work  in  Floriculture  and  a  Practical  Business  Course, 

most  essential  in  the  management  of  a  unit. 


BOOK  REVIEWS 

Food  Will  Win  the  War 

Grow  It 

Books  to  Help  You 

Experience  is,  of  course,  the  most  thorough  teacher.  But  experience 
takes  time,  and  we  must  hurry  and  do  to  win  the  war  with  our  gardens. 

Most  of  us  planted  vegetables  last  year,  and  canned  them,  too. 
It-  was  a  wonderful  growing  season  nearly  everyw^here,  and  fortune 
stood  with  us.  But  when  some  of  us  counted  our  pennies  at  the  end 
of  the  season,  we  found  that  what  we  grew  cost  more  than  if  we  had 
bought  it. 

That  was  disheartening,  of  course,  but  it  need  not  happen  again. 
One  reason  was  lack  of  knowledge.  Those  who  had  acreage  left  the 
management  to  a  gardener  or  superintendent.  They  accepted  all 
he  said  as  gospel  truth,  not  taking  into  account  that  older  methods 
do  not  fit  modern  conditions  of  labor  and  material.  The  uninitiated 
home  gardener  may  have  planted  a  pint  of  peas  and  a  pint  of  squash, 
and  then  vowed  never  to  look  a  squash  in  the  face  again.  What  a 
little  study  might  have  spared  her! 

If  we  have  not  had  experience,  we  at  least  have  good  books. 
Read  them  now  while  the  soil  is  still  asleep  under  its  white  blanket. 
Read  them  over  again  when  the  sun  feels  warm,  and  again  and 
again  while  the  seeds  are  jumping  into  life  and  when  the  weeds  and 
the  bugs  and  all  the  other  dreadful  things  are  trying  to  rob  us  of  our 
harvest. 

There  are  books  for  all  kinds  of  gardens.  Some  of  the  older  ones 
have  never  been  outdone  by  the  new.  On  the  nearest  comer  of  my 
shelf  stands  a  shabby  little  volume  by  L.  H.  Bailey  called  "Garden 
Making"  (Macmillan  and  Co.),  and  on  the  fly-leaf  is  the  date  1903. 
It  has  been  in  constant  use  for  fifteen  years.    It  is  a  book  w^hich  fits 


gardens  both  large  and  smajl,  and  all  the  newer  books  give  much  the 
same  advice. 

There  are  three  new  books,  however,  which  seem  to  be  well  adapted 
to  the  present  state  of  affairs.  "Garden  Farming,"  by  Lee  Cleve- 
land Corbett,  (Ginn  and  Co.),  and  "Vegetable  Gardening"  by  Ralph 
L.  Watts  (Orange  Judd  Co.),  give  expert  advice  for  large  farms  and 
estates,  but  the  latter  may  well  be  read  by  the  beginner  who  intends  to 
hoe  her  own  patch.   It  is  thorough  and  sound  and  tells  the  reason  why. 

A  valuable  book  for  the  beginner  with  a  little  land  and  much 
enthusiasm  is  "The  Home  Vegetable  Garden,"  by  Adolph  Kruhm 
(Orange  Judd  Co.),  written  during  the  first  year  of  the  war,  and  which 
has  guided  many  stumbling  feet.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  information 
in  it,  boiled  down  to  the  smallest  possible  reading  matter.  Mr. 
Kruhm  has  contributed  much  to  the  Garden  Magazine,  and  knows 
well  the  needs  of  his  readers. 

Another  book  by  Mr.  Kruhm,  "Home  Vegetable  Gardening  from 
A  to  Z."  (Doubleday,Page&Co.,  price  $1.25)  has  just  been  published. 
This  bids  fair  to  be  even  more  helpful  than  the  one  just  mentioned. 

Read  these  books — read  them  all  if  you  have  time — and  grow 
ammunition  for  the  war  with  more  intelUgence  and  less  expense. 

Henrietta  M.  Stout. 
Shore  Hills  Garden  Club. 

"An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Landscape  Design," — by  Henry 
Vincent  Hubbard  and  Theodora  Kimball.  The  Macmillan  Company. 
Price,  $6.00. 

One  might  almost  add  "A  Preparation  for  the  Enjoyment  of 
Life" — so  definite  and  so  illuminating  are  the  appreciations  of  color 
and  form  and  scale,  and  so  delightful  is  the  authors'  enjoyment  of 
what  they  call,  "the  waywardness  of  charm."  Excellent  technical 
drawings  illustrate  the  clearly  given  information  that  fills  the  hundreds 
of  pages  of  this  book,  which  the  charm  of  personality  and  of  literary 
style  makes  doubly  enjoyable.  It  is  an  education  in  itself,  and  a  most 
impressive  example  of  its  authors'  wide  knowledge,  and  their  ability 
to  convey  that  knowledge  with  clarity  and  precision,  and  to  arouse 
in  at  least  one  reader  an  enthusiasm  that  makes  her  want  to  shout  its 
excellencies  from  the  house-tops  in  spite  of  the  dull  first  chapter. 

The  illustrations  are  unworthy  of  so  good  a  book.  However, 
attractive  they  may  have  been  in  the  artists'  notebooks,  they  are 
indefinite  and  monotonous  when  we  find  them  in  such  a  choice  com- 
pany of  words,  and  the  reader  turns  with  rehef  to  the  beautiful 
photograph  that  is  the  frontispeice.  Louise  S.  Hubbard. 

Garden  Club  of  Illinois. 


War  Time  Receipts 

(Collected  by  Miss  Harriet  Richards,  Chairman  of  the  Home 
Economics  Committee.) 

Keeping  Apples  and  Sweet  Potatoes  in  Oats. 

I  was  told  by  a  very  successful  house- wife  that  she  had,  for  years, 
kept  sweet  potatoes  and  apples  through  the  winter,  by  packing  them 
in  oats,  a  layer  of  oats  then  one  of  sweet  potatoes  then  more  oats, 
covering  very  thoroughly.  Apples  may  be  kept  in  the  same  way  al- 
most until  apples  come  again.  This  may  seem  an  expensive  medium 
but  is  not  really  so  because  the  oats  may  be  fed  to  fowl  and  horses 
after  having  served  their  purpose  as  a  preservative. 

(From  Miss  N.  I.  Keith,  Warrenton  Garden  Club.) 

Bran  Biscuits 
I  pint  of  bran. 
yi  pint  of  flour. 
Yi  pint  of  milk. 
6  tablespoonsful  of  molasses. 
I  even  teaspoonful  of  baking  soda. 
Mix  the  bran,  flour  and  soda  together.  Mix  the  molasses  and  milk, 
and  add  the  flour  mixture.   Bake  in  gem  pans.    (Very  good.) 

Japanese  Sugared  Beans 
Soak  beans  over  night  and  boil  until  tender  but  not  until  the  skins 
are  broken.   Drain  and  boil  in  sugar  syrup  until  transparent.   Roll  in 
sugar. 

Oatmeal  Bread 
I  cup  rolled  oats.  ^  cup  molasses. 

I  cup  boihng  water.  Small  half  yeast  cake. 

I  tablespoonful  lard.  Enough  flour  to  make  stiff, 

pinch  of  salt. 
Pour  boiling  water  on  oats  and  let  cool.   Add  lard,  molasses  and 
other  ingredients.   This  receipt  will  make  two  loaves. 

(Mrs.  Wolfe.) 
Very  Good  Nut  Bread 

1  cup  white  flour. 

2  cups  graham  flour. 
I  cup  molasses. 

Enough  sour  milk  to  make  a  soft  dough. 
I  cup  chopped  walnuts  mixed  with  a  teaspoonful  of  salt. 
I  teaspoonful  of  soda  dissolved  in  a  little  hot  water. 
Bake  in  a  moderate  oven  about  thirty  minutes. 
(From  Mrs.  Daniel  Chester  French,  Garden  Club  of  Lenox.) 


A  Successful  Combination 

Buddleia  variabilis,  Caryopteris  mastacanthus  and  Anemone 
Japonica  make  a  lovely  color  combination  in  lavendar,  pale  blue  and 
white  during  August  and  September  when  color  in  the  shrubbery 
border  is  scarce.  They  need  a  thick,  deep  background  of  the  green 
of  privet  or  spring-blooming  shrubs. 

Mrs,  F.  von  A.  Cabeen. 
{The  Weeders) 

\ 

Labor  Saving  Devices 

The  Florists'  Exchange  asks  all  its  readers  to  send  for  publication 
suggestions  for  labor-saving  devices.   It  says: 

Many  of  our  brethren  of  the  craft — florists,  seedsmen,  nurserymen, 
market  gardeners,  greenhouse  builders,  fertilizer  and  pot  manufac- 
turers and  the  alhed  industries — are  already  in  the  trenches,  or  on 
their  way.  To  those  of  us  who  stay  behind  there  is  left  the  clear  and 
imperative  duty  to  conserve  Time,  Energy  and  Material,  so  that 
the  most  effective  results  possible  may  come  from  our  resources. 

To  accompHsh  this  end.  The  Exchange  asks  every  reader  to 
look  around  in  his  establishment,  or  stir  up  his  memory  to  see  if  he 
cannot  describe  some  labor-saving  device  (either  his  own  or  one  which 
he  has  observed)  that  would  prove  helpful  to  some  other  member  of 
the  craft. 

As  amateur  gardeners  we  must  know  many  small  tricks  that  will 
save  time  and  trouble.  Out  of  our  experience  must  have  come  a 
practical  mechanical  detail  or  two  that  by  saving  work  will  give  us  a 
little  more  time  for  enjoyment.  Send  them  to  the  Editor  for  publica- 
tion in  the  May  Bulletin  which  goes  to  press  April  12th. 

Back  Numbers  of  THE  BULLETIN 

Many  requests  reach  the  Editor  for  old  copies  of  The  Bulletin 
and  for  extra  copies  of  the  current  issue.  All  back  numbers  can  be 
suppUed  except  Nos.  10  and  14.  All  other  issues  are  available  for 
ten  cents  ($0.10)  each. 

A  few  copies  of  the  January  issue  giving  a  fuU  account  of  the  Unit 
Plan  for  Women  Agricultural  Workers  are  still  available  at  twenty- 
five  cents  ($0.25)  each.  For  convenience,  payment  may  be  made  in 
stamps. 


We  Have  the  Historical  Old  Rose 

YORK  and  LANCASTER 

and  feel  sure  it  would  add  interest  to 

your  rose  garden.     You  will  find  other 

unusual  kinds  in  our  list  of  over 

300  varieties 

Send  for  OUT  Catalog  lo-das 

THE  CONARD  &  JONES  CO.,  West  Grove.  Pa. 

Robert  Pyle.  Pres. 

FOR  the  benefit  of  our  blinded  soldiers 
I  will  send  a  generous  packet  of  Hardy 
Larkspur  Seed  for  ten  cents,  three  cents 
postage  additional.  Original  seed  from 
Kelway,  England. 

Mrs.  William  Hooper  Grafflin 

Filston  Manor 
Glencoe,  Baltimore  County         Maryland 

Plants   and  Bulbs 

FOR  SPRING  PLANTING 

Lists  now  ready.  General  Catalogue  of  the  cream  of 
Dutch  Bulbs  and  Choicest  Perennials  for  Autumn  to  follow 
ater.     May  we  send  them? 

FRANKEN  BROTHERS 

Box  513  Deerfield,  Illinois 


MAMMOTH  NON-LATERAL 
BRANCHING 


NEW 

A  STP  R    ^^'^  '^  without  a  doubt  the  finest 
■^*-'-'  ■'•  ■L-'i^        Aster  we  have  ever  offered. 
Two   feet   high;   low,   branching,   bushy   habit. 
Flowers  often  4  inches  across. 

In  Blue  or  White.    Pkt.  15c;  2  for  25c 

Catalog  "GARDENING  ILLUSTRATED" 
152  pages,  mailed  FREE  everywhere 

Chicago        Vaughan's  Seed  Store      New  York 


PHILADELPHUS 

NEW  AND  RARE  VARIETIES 

Fully  described  in  our 

GARDEN  ANNUAL.  1918. 

Copy  mailed  on  request. 

R.  &  J.  FARQUHAR  &  CO. 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


BOTH  our  Begonia  and  Lily  catalogues,  most 
complete,  as  also  our  Iris  booklet,  are  now  ready 
for  distribution;  which  one  are  you  interested  in? 

All  bulbs  should  be  ordered  very  early  this 
season,  stock  being  limited. 

Come  to  the  International  Flower  Show  March  1 4. 
Will  be  better  than  ever.  "Meet  us  at  theWind- 
mill." 

JOHN  SCHEEPERS,  Incorporated 

Flower  Bulb  Specialisli 
2  Stone  Street  NEW  YORK  CITY 


SMALL  FARM  FOR  RENT,  in  north- 
ern Rhode  Island,  tw^o  miles  from  electric 
cars.  Old-fashioned  farm  house,  furnished, 
fireplaces,  barn,  poultry  house,  duck-pond. 
Pasture  for  horse  and  cow.  Fruit.  Garden 
already  ploughed.  Suitable  for  a  garden  club,  or  a 
party  of  ladies.     Rent  $150  the  season. 

Address,  Miss  Henrietta  R.  Palmer, 
153  Power  Street  Providence,  R.  I. 


The  supreme  test  of  the  Nation 
has  come.  We  must  all  speak, 
act,  and  serve  together. 

WooDROw  Wilson 


CHESTER  JAY  HUNT 

MAYFAIR  LITTLE  FALLS.  N.  J. 

Spring-flowering  bulbs,  including  many  exclu- 
sive offerings  in  Tulips  and  Daffodils. 

The  Blue  Book  of  Bulbs  will  be  sent  you  on 
request. 


Builders  of  Greenhouses  and  Conservatories 


New  York 
42nd  St.  BIdg. 

Chicago 
Continental  &  Com' 
mercial  Bank  Bldg. 
Toronto 
Royal  Bank  Bldg. 


Boston 
Tremont  Bldg. 

Rochester 
Granite  Bldg. 


Philadelphia 
Widener  Bldg. 

Clevelemd 
Swetland  Bldg. 


Montreal 
Transportation  Bldg. 


All  advertisements  endorsed  by  members  of  the  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  AMERICA 
In  Writing  to  Jldoertisers  kindly  refer  to  the  Bulletin 


Nrr? 


Hardy 
Perennials 


Here  "At  the  Sign  of  The 
Tree,"  we  have  for  your  se- 
lection Hardy  Perennials  that 
really  are  hardy. 

Sturdy,  full-rooted  plants,  every 
one  of  them.  Absolutely  true  to 
name  and  habit. 

Particularly,  let  us  call  your 
attention  to  the  Delphiniums 
(Larkspur).  Steadily  are  they 
increasing  in  p)opularity.  Be- 
cause of  the  rather  limited  supply 
of  them,  we  would  counsel  early 
ordering. 

Send  for  our  catalog.  It  gives 
a  complete  alphabetical  list  of 
Perennials,  divided  into  flower- 
ing months. 

Tutiuy  "RgrehrS"  Cor 

»^     "yli  the  Sign  of  The  Tree" 
Box  34  Rutherford.  N.  J. 


SWAIN   NELSON  &  SONS  CO. 

TREES,  EVERGREENS.  SHRUBS 
AND  HARDY  FLOWERS 

Estimates  Furnished  for  Planting  Grounds 

940  Marquette  Building,  Chicago 


PHONE  CENTRAL  2770 


Founded  1856 


FOR  the  largest  and  best  selection  of 
DAHLIAS,  ROSES.  HARDY  PER- 
ENNIALS; also  FLOWER  and  VEGE- 
TABLE SEEDS,  etc.,  consult 

Dreer's  Garden  Book  for  1918 

A  Copy  Mailed  FREE  to  All  Applicants 

HENRY  A.  DREER 

714-716  Chestnut  Street       PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


ROSEDALE  SPECIALTIES 

Spririg  1918 
ROSES  and  FRUITS,  dwarf  and  standard,  in  many 

varieties  of  large  size  for  immediate  effect. 
EVERGREENS  in  70  varieties  and  many  sizes,  up 

to  17  feet. 
DECIDUOUS  TREES    SHRUBS  and  VINES  in 
great  variety  (including  XXX  sizes) . 
Catalogue  on  Requett 


fJoHjJiab  NurB^ma 


BoxC. 


TARRYTOWN.  N.  Y. 


ROCK    GARDENS 

Rockeries  are  one  of  the  most  beautiful  features 
of  gardening.  In  them  can  be  grown  the  exquisite 
alpine  plants  which  are  too  dainty  for  the  ordinary 
border. 

We  specialize  in  the  choicest  of  these,  plants,  as 
well  as  various  other  novelties. 

Send  for  Catalog 

WOLCOTT  NURSERIES,  Jackson,  Michigan 

Choice  and  Rare  Hardy  Plants 


OUR  new  rose,  "Mrs.  Charles 
Bell"  is  a  shell-pink  Radi- 
ance. It  has  a  wonderful  con- 
stitution. It  will  be  a  joy  to 
your  garden  as  Radiance  has 
been  and  is  —  as  RED  RADI- 
ANCE is  proving  to  be. 

We  grow  Roses  for  America 
and  for  the  folks  near  at  home; 
a  nursery  full  of  choice  Ever- 
greens, Shrubs  and  Trees.  We 
do  landscape  work  for  a  few 
good  people  each  season.  Our 
catalogue  is  larger  and  better 
than  ever.  We  want  a  few  addi- 
tional people  to  study  it  and  to 
know  our  stock  and  our  methods. 
Will  YOU  be  one?  A  post  card 
will  bring  it. 

A.  N.  PIERSON.  Inc. 

Cromwell  Gardens 
CROMWELL,  CONN. 


All  advertisements  endorsed  by  members  of  the  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  AMERICA 
In  TDTiting  to  Advertisers  kindly  refer  to  the  Bulletin 


Bulletin  of 


Zhc  (3arben  Club 


of  amertca 


May,  191S 


No.  XXV 


President 
MRS.  J.  WILLIS  MARTIN 

Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphu 

Treasurer 
MRS.  H.  D.  AUCHINCLOSS 

33  E.  67TH  Steieet,  New  York  and 
Newport,  R.  I. 

Secretary 
MRS.  BAYARD  HENRY 

Germantown,  Philadelphia 

Librarian 
MISS  ERNESTINE  A.  GOODMAN 

Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia 


Vice-Presidents 
MRS.  WILLIAM  CABELL  BRUCE 
8  Mt.  Vernon  Pl.,  Baltiuore,;Md. 
and  Ruxton,  Md. 

MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 
Alma,  Michigan 

MRS.  JOHN  E.  NEWELL 
West  Mentor,  Ohio 

Editor 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER 
1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago, 
AND  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 


The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 


Annual  Meeting 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  held  in  New  York 
on  March  the  15th,  the  question  of  holding  an  Annual  Meeting  of 
The  Garden  Club  of  America  for  the  year  1918  was,  on  motion, 
referred  to  the  Executive  Committee  for  final  decision.  The  Executive 
Committee  have  considered  this  matter  most  carefully  and  have  very 
reluctantly  decided  that  the  pleasant  but  unessential  complications 
involved  in  such  a  meeting  are  better  deferred  to  less  troublous  times. 

The  disappointment  is  doubly  keen  this  year  since  the  meeting 
would  have  been  held  in  Boston  with  the  Arnold  Arboretum  as  the 
main  objective. 

The  Executive  Committee  feels  that  its  decision  is  consistent  with 
the  spirit  of  the  times  and  hopes  that  it  will  meet  with  the  unqualified 
approval  of  the  members. 


Walls  of  Doubt 

Once  my  garden  was  barren  and  drear, 

Few  blossoms  would  ever  blow; 
And  least  of  all  would  the  damask  rose 
Its  delicate  splendor  show. 

And  I  cried:  "My  garden  is  barren, 

No  rose  ever  grows  for  me, 
While  beyond  my  wall  in  gardens  round 

They  blossom  on  every  tree^ 

So  I  watered  my  arid  garden 

And  nursed  every  rose-tree  rare, 
And  raised  still  higher  the  guarding  walls 

To  shield  them  with  jealous  care. 

Yet  the  roses  in  my  garden-close 

Would  never,  never  tip-grow, 
And  least  of  all  would  the  damask  rose 

Its  delicate  splendor  show. 

In  gardens  without  and  all  around     , 

Warmly  the  sun  shone  there; 
But  no  rays  coidd  fall  within  my  wall 

For  it  guarded  the  rose-trees  rare! 

So  I  razed  the  jealous  walls  to  earth 

And  allowed  the  sun  to  shine; 
When,  sudden,  the  roses  budded  and  bloomed, 

And  a  red,  red  rose  was  mine! 

Lee  Nichols. 

Also  by  permission  of  the  composer  of  the  music,  E.  E.  Freer 

Fighters'  Gardens 

In  England  gardening  is  one  of  our  national  habits. 

The  poor  do  their  gardening  in  window  boxes;  the  nearly  poor 
use  their  backyards;  the  merely  successful  turn  their  "five  acres" 
into  fragrant  retreats;  and  the  afSuent  spend  freely  to  beautify  lawns, 
gardens  and  parks. 

Although  war  has  played  havoc  with  our  set  English  habits  and 
customs  for  three  and  a  half  years,  the  gardening  habit  persists. 
Of  course,  many  estates,  many  fine  gardens  have  suffered,  but  hardly 
at  all  have  the  moderate  sized  suburban  and  country  gardens. 


Well  that  this  habit  has  persisted,  for,  with  endless  thousands 
of  wounded  to  be  cared  for,  our  hospitals  would  be  sad  places  indeed 
without  the  floral  gifts  of  the  home  people. 

When  in  hospital  after  being  wounded,  my  ward  much  resembled 
a  conservatory,  so  generous  were  our  friends  with  gifts  of  flowers. 
Yet  not  once  do  I  remember  any  arriving  boxed  Hke  laundry  or  fancy 
merchandise  with  the  florists  name  garishly  displayed  on  the  outside. 
It  was  not  necessary.  They  were  gifts  of  the  heart  and  not  of  the 
purse.  Florists  do  not  flourish  quite  so  well  in  England  as  they  do 
here.   Even  our  poor  can  always  afford  to  buy  flowers. 

There  never  was  such  need  of  flowers  as  now  in  our  war-stricken 
land.  Second  only  to  the  yearning  to  smoke  is  the  Britishers'  hunger 
for  the  sight  and  fragrance  of  the  yieldings  of  our  gardens.  Relatives 
must  be  poor  indeed  who  bring  no  offering  of  humble  Hlac,  sweet  peas 
or  roses,  to  refresh  and  brighten  the  suffering  soldier.  The  flower 
girls  sell  them  for  so  little  in  our  streets. 

I  never  knew  gifts  more  welcome  than  spring  blossoms  freshly  cut 
and  brought  by  friends  to  help  me  in  my  first  month's  fevered  fight 
for  life.  Soon,  unhappily,  we  may  expect  to  see  your  broken  defenders 
of  liberty  over  here  to  continue  their  struggle  for  health.  They  will 
be  those  out  of  immediate  danger  but  with  much  pain  before  them, 
and  many  long  months  within  hospital  walls  between  them  and 
the  glories  of  the  "great  outside."  Since  they  will  be  denied  so 
much,  let  Nature's  blossomings  be  brought  to  them.  Let  the  gardens 
be  rich  with  blooms,  and  let  the  gatherings  be  dedicated  to  these 
willing  sufferers,  then  truly  wiU  they  be  Fighters'  Gardens. 

Sunday  in  England  is  the  great  gardening  day,  but  early  morning 
and  late  evening  find  thousands  of  women  who  give  their  days  to 
war  work  digging  and  turning  with  spade  or  trowel,  finding  in  flori- 
culture and  its  labors  a  soothing  peacefulness  that  tranquihzes  minds 
racked  with  anxiety  for  loved  ones  overseas  or  unnerved  by  the  harsh- 
ness of  war.  Lee  Nichols. 
Late  of  the  Honorable  Artillery  Company. 


The  Council  of  Presidents'  Meeting 

A  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  was  held  Friday  afternoon,  March  15,  1918,  at  the  residence 
of  Mrs.  Auchincloss,  New  York.  The  President,  Mrs.  Martin,  called 
the  meeting  to  order. 

Mrs.  Martin  spoke  of  the  deep  sorrow  that  has  come  to  us  since 
our  last  meeting,    Mrs.  Archibald  D.  Russell,  First  Vice-President 


and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Club,  has  gone  from  us  into  the  Un- 
known Country. 

To  those  of  the  Executive  Committee  who  had  the  privilege  of 
working  closely  with  Mrs.  Russell,  it  seems  impossible  to  reahze  we 
can  no  longer  turn  to  her  for  help  and  advice.  It  was  her  wise  judg- 
ment and  sympathy  that  guided  us  over  many  rough  paths.  When 
the  United  States  entered  the  war,  it  was  her  words,  "Such  a  body 
of  women  as  compose  the  Garden  Club  of  America  must  be  kept 
together  to  work  as  a  Unit  to  help  the  Government,"  that  decided 
your  Executive  Committee  to  urge  that  the  Club  work  as  a  whole 
for  whatever  patriotic  need  presented  itself. 

You  will  learn  later  from  the  reports  of  our  Member  Clubs  and 
from  Miss  Marble  how  fortunate  it  was  that  we  followed  her 
advice. 

From  the  foundation  of  the  Club,  Mrs.  Russell  never  missed  a 
meeting,  and  her  most  gracious  hospitality  gave  to  our  many  meetings 
with  her,  both  in  Princeton  and  in  New  York,  a  charm  and  inspiration 
which  meant  much  to  us  all. 

Though  we  stand  here  today  stunned  and  weakened  by  the  blow 
that  has  fallen  upon  us,  may  we  not  believe  that  her  faith  in  us  will 
strengthen  and  give  greater  value  to  all  that  we  offer  in  our  Country's 
service? 

At  the  request  of  the  President  the  Secretary  read  the  Minute  in 
Memory  of  Mrs.  Russell. 

Memorial  Minute 

"In  the  death  of  Mrs.  Archibald  Douglas  Russell,  one  of  the  Vice- 
Presidents  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  we  not  only  have  lost  one 
of  our  founders,  but  a  most  dearly  loved,  active  and  honoured  associate 
and  friend.  Mrs.  Russell's  strong  good  sense,  winning  friendliness  and 
all  the  charms  of  a  rich,  deep  and  affectionate  nature,  with  the  crown- 
ing loveliness  of  high  nobility,  make  her  loss  irreparable.  All  the 
poorer  for  this  loss,  we  are  nevertheless  richer  for  the  unfading 
memory  of  her  goodness." 

The  Business  Meeting  was  opened  by  the  Secretary  reading  the 
Minutes  of  the  last  Meeting. 

The  Treasurer  reported  a  balance  on  hand  of  $289.49. 

Twenty-eight  Member  Clubs  responded  to  the  Roll  Call  and  two 
Consultants,  making  in  all  about  seventy-five  Members  present. 

In  the  absence  of  the  Editor  of  the  Bulletin,  the  Secretary  read  a 
letter  from  Mrs.  Brewster  and  asked  the  opinion  of  the  Members 


present  as  to  the  advisability  of  continuing  the  Bulletin  during 
the  war.  The  Members  were  unanimous  in  their  opinion  that  the 
Bulletin  should  be  continued  as  they  felt  it  was  helpful  in  holding 
together  the  varied  interests  of  the  Member  Clubs  during  war  time. 
Whether  it  should  continue  in  its  present  form  was  left  to  the  Editor 
for  final  decision.  If  in  the  days  to  come,  its  continuance,  owing  to 
war  conditions  is  found  to  be  impractical,  the  Editor  is  at  Uberty  to 
discontinue  the  publication. 

On  recommendation  from  the  Executive  Committee,  it  was  moved, 
seconded  and  carried,  that  the  Garden  Club  of  Santa  Barbara, 
California,  and  the  Fauquier  and  Loudoun  Garden  Club,  Virginia, 
be  elected  Members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  —  thus  con- 
tinuing the  poHcy  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  to  develop  on 
geographical  Unes. 

A  letter  from  the  Woman's  Committee  of  the  Council  of  National 
Defense  was  read  asking  for  Reports  of  the  War  Work  planned  for 
the  summer  of  19 18.  Mrs.  Martin  called  for  reports  from  Member 
Clubs  concerning  work  planned  for  this  year.  These  were  read  and 
ordered  filed  for  reference  and  the  Secretary  was  instructed  to  send 
copies  to  Washington  and  to  ask  all  absent  Member  Clubs  to  send 
reports  to  complete  the  records  for  the  Women's  Committee  of  the 
Council  of  National  Defense. 

The  President  introduced  Miss  Anne  Morgan  who  told  of  the 
Agricultural  situation  in  Northern  France. 

Mrs.  Farrand  spoke  of  the  need  in  France  of  expert  opinion  regard- 
ing the  condition  of  the  soil  in  the  war  area.  She  hoped  the  Garden 
Club  would  take  some  interest  in  this  survey.  Mrs.  Farrand  was 
requested  to  write  to  Professor  Charles  S.  Sargent  and  ask  his  advice 
in  this  matter. 

It  was  reported  that  the  English  Horticulturists  have  started  no 
permanent  work  and  the  French  have  done  only  a  little.  Mrs.  Farrand 
gave  the  following  inventory  of  loss  of  French  fruit  trees  to  the 
present  time: 

10  per  cent  of  the  orchards  totally  destroyed. 

40  per  cent  of  little  use. 

50  per  cent  affected  for  one  or  two  years. 

No  Man's  Land  can  be  used  in  the  future  only  for  re-foresting. 

Miss  Geer  one  of  the  Farmerettes  of  the  Bedford  Unit  last  summer 
spoke  of  the  Farm  Unit  Plan  of  Work  from  the  standpoint  of  a  worker 
and  was  very  enthusiastic.  The  girls  were  on  active  service  8  hours 
a  day,  wore  overalls,  a  flannel  blouse  and  a  very  high  crowned  hat. 
They  did  not  mind  the  sun,  and  the  farmers  who  employed  them 
said  that  they  were  very  satisfactory  because  the  day  laborers  they 


had  been  used  to  hiring  had  given  as  little  work  as  possible  for  their  pay, 
while  the  Farmerettes  tried  to  do  all  they  could. 

An  invitation  from  Professor  Sargent  was  read  inviting  the  Garden 
Club  to  visit  the  Arboretum  in  May.  A  motion  was  made  to  hold 
the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  in  Boston  this 
year  and  accept  the  invitation  of  Professor  Sargent,  provided,  on 
further  consideration  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  meeting  was 
deemed  practical.  As  the  ayes  and  nays  were  indistinguishable,  the 
Chair  called  for  a  rising  vote  which  resulted  in  the  ayes  carrying  it, 
so  the  final  decision  rests  with  the  Executive. 

Miss  Nichols,  Chairman  of  Committee  on  Trade  Relations 
spoke  of  graft  among  seedmen  and  said  that  it  could  very  easily  be 
stopped  if  the  Members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  would  help 
boycott  the  tradesmen  who  did  this  sort  of  thing,  since  the  honest 
seedsmen  were  anxious  to  have  this  practice  discontinued. 

In  closing  this  large,  interested  and  enthusiastic  meeting,  the 
President  urged  all  the  Member  Clubs  to  help  in  every  possible  way 
the  Patriotic  Agricultural  Work  planned  for  the  Summer  of  1918. 

Mrs.  Bayard  Henry,  Secretary. 


Report  of  the  Committee  on  Trade  Relations 

May  I  report  the  results  of  the  work  so  far  accomplished  by 
the  Committee  appointed  by  the  Garden  Club  of  America  to  en- 
courage honest  nurserymen?  In  the  first  place,  Mrs.  Hill  and  I 
have  ventured  to  change  its  name  to  the  Committee  on  Trade 
Relations,  as  the  original  name  gave  offense  to  certain  nursery- 
men. 

The  Joint  Committees  on  Relations  with  Trades  of  the  American 
Society  of  Landscape  Architects,  the  Ornamental  Growers'  Associa- 
tion, and  the  American  Nurserymen's  Association  invited  me  to  be 
present  at  their  meeting  on  January  3,  and  passed  the  following 
resolution: 

"That  we  heartily  endorse  the  proposed  action  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  and  their  efforts  to  hunt  out  and.  abolish  the  insidious 
practice  of  horticultural  trades  giving  commissions,  gratuities,  or 
other  things  of  value  to  gardeners  or  their  employees  to  influence 
their  patronage." 

It  was  also  decided  that  as  soon  as  Mr.  Kelsey  had  obtained  the 
compendium  of  existing  state  laws  in  regard  to  gratuities,  the  joint 
committee  would  forward  it  to  Miss  Nichols  for  the  use  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America,  Miss  Nichols  stating  that  she   would  urge  this 


organization  to  use  their  influence  to  obtain  that  those  states  which 
have  not  yet  a  stringent  law  on  the  subject  be  persuaded  to  enact 
one. 

On  January  4th  the  Ornamental  Growers'  Association  passed  the 
following  resolution: 

"Be  It  Resolved  by  the  members  of  the  Ornamental  Growers' 
Association  that  the  practice  which  it  is  alleged  exists  in  some  in- 
stances of  nurserymen  paying  to  gardeners,  superintendents,  or  other 
representatives  of  the  purchaser,  commissions  or  other  gratuities  to 
secure  such  orders  is  condemned  by  this  Association. 

"  Further  Be  It  Resolved  That  if  at  any  time  any  one  has 
definite  information  of  this  practice  being  resorted  to  by  any  member 
of  this  Association,  such  evidence  may  be  placed  before  the  Executive 
Committee  and  if,  in  the  opinion  of  that  Committee,  the  member 
complained  of  is  found  to  be  guilty  of  this  deplorable  practice,  his 
membership  in  this  Association  shall  thereupon  be  forfeited." 

The  American  Society  of  Landscape  Architects  has  also  passed 
resolutions  condemning  all  such  forms  of  bribery  and  corruption. 

Now  that  our  Committee  has  secured  the  co-operation  of  the 
various  associations  best  fitted  to  help  us  to  bring  about  a  reform, 
the  question  is  how  we  can  do  our  part  to  the  best  advantage.  We 
would  suggest  that  the  following  steps  be  taken — 

1.  The  Garden  Club  of  America  as  a  whole  should  endorse  the 
action  of  the  American  Society  of  Landscape  Architects,  of  the 
Ornamental  Growers'  Association,  and  of  the  Joint  Committee 
representing  these  Societies  and  the  American  Nurserymen's  Asso- 
ciation and  should  bring  pressure  to  bear  upon  individual  clubs  to 
take  vigorous  action  in  the  same  direction. 

2.  In  states  where  no  existing  law  covers  the  ground,  the  garden 
clubs  in  those  states  should  endeavor  to  have  a  law  similar  to  the  one 
in  Massachusetts  passed  and  vigorously  enforced. 

3.  Each  member  of  the  associated  club  might  promise  to  have  no 
deaUngs  with  nurserymen,  seedsmen,  or  florists  giving  gratuities 
and  to  forbid  her  own  gardener  to  accept  them,  beside  urging  other 
employers  of  gardeners  to  do  hkewise. 

4.  The  foUowing  questionnaire  which  has  been  approved  by  the 
Joint  Committee  previously  mentioned  should  be  sent  to  all  the 
leading  nurserymen  and  seedsmen  not  members  of  the  Ornamental 
Growers'  Association. 

"The  Garden  Club  of  America  has  appointed  a  Committee  on 
Trade  Relations  to  promote  a  better  understanding  between  nursery- 
men, landscape  architects,  florists,  seedsmen,  and  their  customers. 
We  hope  that  you  will  be  willing  to  co-operate  with  this  Committee 


by  answering  the  following  questions  at  your  earliest  convenience 
and  by  making  any  suggestions  which  would  help  us  to  formulate  a 
few  simple  rules  governing  our  business  dealings.  These  rules  will  be 
submitted  for  adoption  to  the  Executive  Board  and  to  the  members 
of  all  the  Garden  Clubs  in  this  Association. 

"i.   What  method  of  ordering  do  you  prefer? 

"2.  Do  you  differentiate  between  home-grown  and  imported 
stock? 

"3.  What  percentage  in  addition  to  the  original  price  should  be 
added  for  guaranteeing  stock? 

"4.  Do  you  make  a  reduction  in  price  to  landscape  architects 
and  dealers? 

"5.  Do  you  give  commissions,  gratuities,  or  presents  at 
Christmas  or  other  times  to  professional  gardeners?  and  if  so,  how 
much?" 

Will  you  authorize  us  to  go  to  the  expense  of  sending  out  this 
questionnaire  to  perhaps  twenty-five  or  thirty  firms  as  a  beginning? 

Mrs.  Hill  and  I  would  be  grateful  for  any  suggestions.  We  feel 
that  this  is  the  psychological  moment  to  follow  up  what  has  been 
already  done  to  corner  the  evil  and  stamp  it  out.  Any  unnecessary 
delay  may  nullify  previous  action. 

The  gist  of  the  Massachusetts  law  referred  to  above  is  that  the 
offense  of  giving  an  agent,  employee,  or  servant  a  discount,  com- 
mission, or  bonus  shall  be  punishable  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $25.00 
nor  more  than  $500.00  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  state's  prison  for 
not  more  than  three  years. 

Rose  Standish  Nichols,  Chairman. 


Proposed  Summer  War 
Activities  of  Member  Clubs 

The  Garden  Club  of  Allegheny  County  will  associate  itself 
as  closely  as  possible  with  the  already  existing  Allegheny  County 
Farm  Bureau.  The  President  of  the  Club  has  asked  for  $10,000  to 
cover  the  expenses  for  1918,  the  fund  to  be  used  for  the  following 
purposes: 

1.  To  furnish  good  seed  to  the  farmers. 

2.  To  assist  the  farmers'  wives  with  canning  and  evaporating 
vegetables  and  fruit. 

3.  To  convey  county  agents  and  demonstrators  about  the 
County. 

4.  To  establish  a  unit  of  women  workers  for  farm  labor. 


The  Bedford  Garden  Club  has  assumed  responsibility  for  the 
Community  Canning  Kitchen  at  Mt.  Kisco,  and  for  the  Agricultural 
Camp  for  Women  Farm  Workers  at  Bedford,  New  York. 

This  Camp,  which  is  known  as  the  Mt.  Kisco  Unit,  last  year 
employed  150  women  who  worked  by  the  day  on  neighboring  farms 
and  served  100  employers. 

This  season  it  is  planned  to  have  4  small  Camp  Units  besides  the 
Main  Camp. 


The  Garden  Club  of  Easth-amtton,  Long  Island,  is  organizing 
a  "Women's  Farm  Unit"  in  the  neighboring  town  of  Bridgehampton 
and  hopes  by  the  early  summer  to  house  twenty  to  thirty  farmerettes 
according  to  the  demand  for  their  labor. 

The  Garden  Club  is  continuing  its  work  begun  last  year  with  the 
Children's  Home  and  Community  Gardens,  the  produce  this  season 
to  be  confined  entirely  to  vegetables. 

Mrs.  Robert  Hill,  the  Vice-president  of  the  Garden  Club  is  very 
actively  engaged  in  the  Women's  Land  Army  Movement  and  has 
given  the  first  floor  of  her  house  for  the  ofl&ce  work  connected  with 
the  enterprise. 


Green  Spring  Valley  Garden  Club  is  hoping,  with  the  other 
Garden  Clubs  in  Maryland,  to  have  camps  for  the  Women's  Land 
Army  of  America,  but  as  yet  no  finished  plans  are  ready. 

One  of  our  members  is  in  France  as  a  Red  Cross  nurse,  and  nearly 
all  are  working  on  surgical  dressings. 


The  Garden  Club  of  Illinois  has  pledged  its  greatest  effort, 
so  far,  to  the  City  Garden's  Association.  As  individuals,  we  are  very 
busy.  Two  are  members  of  the  State  Food  Production  Board,  of 
which  one  of  our  members  is  Vice-Chairman.  Five  of  our  members  are 
Directors  of  the  Land  Army  of  America,  for  Illinois,  one  being  Chair- 
man, one  Treasurer,  and  one  Chairman  of  Part  Time  Committee. 
We  are  represented  on  many  of  the  war  emergency  boards  of  our 
State. 


The  G.\rden  Club  of  Lawrence  has  decided  to  give  up  its 
usual  meetings  this  summer,  all  of  its  members  being  occupied  with 
war    work.     We   have   a   Community   Canning   Kitchen,   a   Com- 


munity  Garden  and  a  very  active  Red  Cross  Chapter  in  our  neigh- 
borhood. 

We  expect  to  give  two  money  prizes  to  the  village  people;  one 
for  the  best  vegetable  garden  to  the  person  who  has  never  had  a 
vegetable  garden  before,  and  one  to  the  person  who  grows  the  best 
vegetables. 

We  will  finish  this  year  the  education  of  a  young  woman  at  the 
Ambler  School  of  Horticulture,  and  hope  that  by  means  of  that 
education  she  may  help  with  agricultural  work. 

We  expect  to  have  a  large  Flower  and  Vegetable  Show  in  the  fall, 
as  we  did  last  year,  by  which  a  goodly  sum  of  money  was  raised  for  a 
local  charity. 

The  Litchtield  Club  has  had  no  meeting  since  September,  191 7. 
The  members  of  the  Litchfield  Club  are  scattered  rather  widely 
during  the  winter  and  only  tentative  plans  are  possible  until  their 
spring  meeting. 

Plans  are  on  foot  for  supplying  "farmerettes"  to  those  who  ask 
for  them,  though  a  whole  unit  cannot  be  supported. 

It  is  also  hoped  to  continue  last  summer's  work  in  conservation 
and  garden  encouragement. 

The  interest  of  the  Club  in  helping  during  the  present  crisis  is 
very  keen  and  sincere.  Every  effort  will  be  made  to  do  some  helpful 
work. 

The  Millbrook  Garden  Club.  The  canning  plant  which  was 
established  last  summer  will  be  continued  this  season,  but  on  a  larger 
scale.   We  also  hope  to  be  able  to  add  a  de-hydrating  outfit. 

If  there  is  a  sufficient  shortage  of  labor  we  shall  establish  a  Women's 
Land  Army  Unit,  for  the  housing  of  which  one  of  the  members  of 
the  Club  has  offered  a  farm  house. 

We  are  distributing  vegetable  seeds  among  the  school  children 
who  are  to  have  their  own  gardens. 

We  have  also  offered  the  free  use  of  land  to  anyone  wishing  to 
grow  vegetables. 

The  MoRRiSTOWN  Garden  Club  decided  after  the  Annual 
Meeting  to  await  Mrs.  Kissel's  return  this  spring  before  deciding  our 
future  policy. 

Last  summer  quite  a  group  of  members  opened  a  Canning  Kitchen, 
and  ran  it  successfully  through  the  fall  season.  Another  group  was 
deeply  interested  in  a  Planting  Bureau  and  Farm  Service  League. 


The  Morristo-ttTL  Garden  Club  is  so  large,  it  is  difficult  to  interest  all 
in  any  one  project,  so  we  feel  that  perhaps  we  gain  more  by  dividing 
our  interests.  Mrs.  Kissel  is  expected  home  in  April,  and  her  report  of 
England's  work  will  re\ive  and  freshen  our  efforts. 

Out  secretary  is  the  Secretary  of  the  New  Jersey  Di\i5ion  of 
Women's  Land  Army,  so  we  hope  to  join  in  that  movement. 


The  G.\rdexers  of  Montgomery  .\nd  Delaw.\re  Couxties 
are  co-operating  vdih  the  Weeders  in  the  management  of  a  Farm 
Unit  near  Berw}-n.  There  are  a  good  many  workers  already  enrolled, 
and  the  plan  is  to  have  fifteen  to  fifty  there  at  a  time,  and  more,  if 
justified  by  the  demand  for  labor. 

Miss  May  K.  Gibson  is  Chairman  of  the  Woman's  Land  Army  for 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  also  Chairman  of  Food  Production 
for  Lower  Merion  Township. 

Mrs.  Edward  Y.  Hartshorne  is  Chairman  of  Food  Conservation 
for  Montgomery  County  and  of  the  \'acant  Lots  Garden  Committee 
for  the  Main  Line  Citizens'  Association. 

Last  summer  'Mis.  Henry  S.  Jeanes  planted  a  formal  garden  for 
annuals,  the  design  for  which  had  taken  a  prize  in  one  of  our  Club 
competitions,  with  tomatoes  and  onions,  edging  each  bed  with  a  row 
of  carrots.  A  weekly  supply  of  vegetables  was  sent  from  this  garden 
to  the  Hope  Day  Nurser}*,  and  it  is  planned  to  repeat  it  this  year. 
The  garden  was  very  pretty,  and  might  sen.-e  as  a  model  for  others 
who  -^-ish  to  replace  flowers  with  vegetables. 


The  North  Country  G.^rden  Club  of  Long  Isl.\xd  has  no 
very  startling  new  war  interests  to  report  but  every  member  has 
done  something  to  help  food  production  and  conservation. 

None  of  the  members  is  keeping  up  her  garden  in  the  same  state 
of  perfection  as  formerly,  as  all  available  labor  is  used  for  vege- 
table growing.  Last  summer  all  the  members  of  the  Club  sent  all 
vegetables  not  actually  needed  for  daily  use,  to  the  nearest  canning 
kitchen,  and  the  result  has  been  that  this  winter  the  poor  people 
in  the  \'icinity  have  had  excellent  carmed  vegetables  at  verv'  low 
prices. 

Owing  to  the  pubUc-spirited  effort  and  generosity  of  some  of  the 
members,  Glen  Cove  is  to  have  a  dehydrating  plant  this  year,  and 
others  are  contemplated  in  neighboring  places. 

Some  members  of  the  Club  are  plarming  to  use  women  in  the 
cultivation  of  farms  and  gardens.    WTiether  the  Land  Army  \\ill 


agree  to  supply  help  or  not,  seems  to  be  a  moot  question  at  present. 
It  seems  to  be  the  generally  accepted  idea  that  lawns  shall  not  be 
cut,  except  possibly  for  three  or  four  feet  bordering  the  edges  of  an 
important  drive. 


Garden  Association  in  Newport.  The  war  activities  of  the 
Garden  Association  in  Newport  last  summer  were  as  follows : 

First:  Starting  community  gardens  which  proved  so  successful 
that  a  Mayor's  Committee  was  formed  for  the  same  object,  whereupon 
the  Garden  Association  having  shown  the  way,  a  member  of  it  was 
appointed  on  the  Mayor's  Committee  and  their  work  ceased. 

Second:  A  market  once  a  week  on  the  grounds  of  the  Garden 
Association,  the  vegetables,  flowers  and  fruit  coming  from  the  surplus 
of  gardens  belonging  to  members  of  the  Association.  The  produce 
was  sold  at  less  than  the  current  price  to  people  of  small  means. 
The  sum  of  money  made  went  half  to  the  American  Red  Cross  and 
half  to  the  fund  for  devastated  orchards  in  France. 

This  year  the  Garden  Association  has  formed  a  sub-committee 
which  will  take  up  community  gardens.  Part  of  the  produce  will  be 
given  to  the  market  and  the  rest  to  canning  centers  established  by 
the  Chairman  of  the  Newport  Food  Conservation  Committee  who  is 
also  the  President  of  the  Garden  Association. 

A  unit  of  Women  Workers  is  also  being  started  on  a  small  scale 
with  the  possibility  of  enlargement  should  the  demand  for  such  farm 
laborers  increase. 


The  Garden  Club  of  Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties  held  a 
special  meeting  on  the  fourth  of  March,  at  which  was  discussed  the 
feasibility  of  establishing  units  of  the  Women's  Land  Army  in  our 
two  counties. 

The  President,  Mrs.  Samuel  Verplanck,  reported  that  several 
people  in  her  vicinity  were  not  unfavorable  to  the  idea  of  women  on 
the  farms.  She  appointed  a  committee  for  further  investigation  in 
Dutchess  County  and  several  committees  for  various  localities  in 
Orange  to  discover  the  feeling  of  the  farmers  there,  and  it  was  decided 
that  the  Club  would  establish  at  least  two  or  three  units  in  the  parts 
of  the  two  counties  covered  by  our  membership  if  the  committees 
reported  favorably.  All  of  the  reports  are  not  yet  in  but  those  received 
are  promising,  and  our  club  is  looking  forward  to  a  summer  of  united 
patriotic  work,  something  difiicult  for  us  to  accomplish  hitherto  on 
account  of  our  widely  separated  homes. 


The  Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia  has  organized  a  Unit  of 
Twenty-two  women  for  The  Women's  Land  Army,  which  will  be 
housed  at  Newton  Square,  Pa.,  and  operate  chiefly  on  farms  where 
the  owners  would  be  unable  to  plant  the  usual  crops  without  the 
help  of  our  normally  priced  labor. 

The  Unit  will  begin  work  on  April  3rd,  and  there  are  possibilities 
of  its  doubling  in  size  before  the  fall. 

A  group  of  members  Hving  at  Chestnut  Hill  are  giving  their  time 
to  another  large  Unit,  which  is  financed  by  The  National  League  for 
Women's  Ser\'ice. 

Still  other  members,  at  Jenkintown,  will  help  to  organize  and  run 
a  canning  kitchen. 

One  member  is  working  at  reconstruction  in  France  under  Miss 
Anne  Morgan,  and  the  Club  sent  her  $100,  for  seeds  and  garden  tools. 


The  Philipstown  Garden  Club,  is  planning  to  work  a  garden 
of  winter  vegetables  for  use  of  the  U.  S.  Army  Hospital  No.  i  at 
Williamsbridge.  The  land  for  this  garden  has  been  loaned  by  a  mem- 
ber. Also,  we  are  planning  to  send  one  or  more  large  hampers  of 
fresh  vegetables  once  a  week  to  this  hospital.  Our  school  gardens 
will  continue,  and  in  greater  numbers. 

Although  not  directly  war  work,  the  Club  has  the  honor  of  plant- 
ing and  keeping  in  order  for  the  Martlaers  Rock  Association,  the 
garden  on  Constitution  Island,  opposite  West  Point,  which  is  Govern- 
ment property.  This  is  enjoyed  by  the  cadets  and  friends  of  the 
Mihtary  Academy  and  members  of  the  Martlaers  Rock  Association. 


The  Garden  Club  of  Princeton  is  contributing  toward  the 
salary  of  Miss  Washburn,  who  is  directing  and  teaching  the  school 
children  war  gardening. 

Three  members  of  the  Club  are  representing  the  Club  in  the 
state  and  coimty  work  of  the  New  Jersey  Branch  of  the  Women's 
Land  Army  of  America.  We  are  calling  a  special  meeting  of  the 
Club  in  the  near  future  to  consider  whether  the  Club  as  a  whole  will 
be  able  to  assist  in  financing  a  Unit  in  Mercer  County  of  the  Women's 
Land  Army  of  New  Jersey,  for  which  the  use  of  a  house  near  Princeton 
has  been  offered. 


The  Ridgefield  Garden  Club  will  undertake  four  kinds  of 
work  the  coming  summer. 


1.  The  School  Gardens  which  were  most  successful  last  year  will 
be  continued  with  an  effort  to  encourage  home  gardens. 

2.  The  work  of  the  Village  Improvement  Society  has  been  taken 
over  by  the  Garden  Club.  Prizes  have  been  offered  to  those  who 
make  the  greatest  improvement  in  their  gardens  and  yards  during 
the  present  season. 

3.  An  Exhibition  will  be  held  in  September  to  give  the  children 
of  the  School  Gardens  and  the  Potato  Clubs  of  the  Farm  Bureau  as 
well  as  the  children  who  have  home  gardens  an  opportunity  to  exhibit 
their  products.  It  will  essentially  be  an  exhibition  of  vegetables 
although  some  flowers  will  be  shown. 

4.  A  Unit  of  the  Women's  Land  Army  will  be  estabhshed  for 
twenty  or  more  farmerettes. 

The  Club  is  unanimous  in  its  interest  in  this  new  project.  The 
Committee  is  rapidly  developing  plans  to  suit  the  demands  of  our 
region.  The  finances  are  assured.  There  will  be  an  Advisory  Board 
of  the  members  of  the  Farm  Bureau,  Grangers,  etc.,  to  give  us  a  con- 
necting link  with  the  farmers.  The  hope  is  that  the  farmer  will  have 
confidence  in  the  work  of  the  women  and  increase  rather  than  diminish 
his  crops. 


RuMSON  Garden  Club,  New  Jersey.  Most  of  our  time  and 
money  is  pledged  to  the  promotion  of  school  children's  gardening, 
both  in  the  form  of  community  and  home  gardens.  We  hope  to  have 
several  hundred  school  children  busy  with  war  gardens  this  summer. 

We  feel  that  this  work  among  the  children  is  most  important. 
If  we  can  teach  them  a  love  of  thrift,  and  work,  for  the  good  of  the 
community;  a  love  of  country  and  home  and  nature,  we  think  our 
summer's  work  will  not  have  been  a  failure. 

The  Rumson  Garden  Club  is  also  assisting  in  financing  and 
managing  a  large  unit  of  Women  Farm  Workers,  which  will  be 
situated  at  Spring  Lake,  New  Jersey.  A  very  large  house  and  farm 
has  been  donated,  a  home  mother  and  farm  demonstrator  engaged, 
and  we  hope  to  house  and  find  work  for  at  least  forty  women.  Every- 
thing is  in  order  to  begin  work  the  middle  of  April,  and  we  are  working 
hard  to  secure  the  co-operation  of  the  farmers  in  employing  women. 


Rye  Garden  Club.  After  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents 
on  October  26th,  a  special  meeting  was  called.  A  Committee  was 
appointed  to  investigate  the  need  of  a  Land  Unit. 

At  the  March  meeting,  the  Committee  reported  that  though 


there  was  great  interest  shown,  it  was  doubtful  if  Rye  could  support 
a  Unit. 

The  Garden  Club  has  been  given  land  to  parcel  out  free  in  small 
gardens,  and  we  are  trying  to  stimulate  this  enterprise  by  having 
public  lectures  and  holding  in  the  fall  a  vegetable  show  with  money 
prizes  —  open  to  all.  We  are  backing  a  canning  kitchen  co-operating 
with  Greenwich  in  using  a  dehydrator. 


Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  i.  Support  has  been  given  through 
the  Club's  members  as  individuals  to  a  War  Garden  of  25  acres, 
started  last  year,  but  to  be  run  much  more  intensively  this  season  and 
planted  to  such  crops  as  the  Government  suggests  in  the  present  crisis. 

2.  In  co-operation  with  other  clubs  in  the  township,  the  Club  is 
carrying  on  a  campaign  to  arouse  the  interest  of  the  entire  community 
to  the  necessity  of  canning  all  surplus  crops. 

3.  The  Club  is  in  close  touch  with  the  work  of  the  Women's 
Land  Army  of  America.  The  president  is  Vice-Chairman  for  the 
New  Jersey  Division  and  one  of  the  members  has  accepted  the  chair- 
manship of  Essex  County.  It  is  expected  that  a  unit  of  the  Land 
Army  will  be  installed  in  our  immediate  vicinity.  Members  are  doing 
personal  work  in  spreading  information  to  all  farmers  within  a  radius 
of  ten  miles  and  already  have  the  pledged  support  of  many. 

4.  Members  are  planting  field  corn  on  new  tracts  near  their 
regular  gardens,  which  may,  without  use  of  railroad  transportation 
in  either  direction,  be  ground  at  a  local  mill  and  returned  to  the 
consumer  to  be  used  as  a  wheat  substitute  in  the  coming  year. 

5.  The  proceeds  from  the  Club's  Annual  Dahlia  Show  will  be 
devoted  to  objects  connected  with  war  necessities. 


Under  the  auspices  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Washington,  Con- 
necticut, a  farm  unit  of  women  workers  wiU  be  established  this 
summer.  There  will  be  fourteen  workers  at  the  start  and  the  number 
will  be  increased  if  there  is  a  demand  for  more. 

There  will  be  a  number  of  children's  gardens  under  the  supervision 
of  members  of  the  Garden  Club. 

The  members  of  the  Club  also  assist  regularly  in  the  Community 
Canning  Kitchen. 


The  Warrentown  Garden  Club  has  carefully  considered  the 
Unit  Plan  and  has  decided  it  is  impractical  for  this  community. 


Our  plans  for  the  summer  are : — 

1.  To  help  our  County  Agricultural  Agent  in  interesting  young 
country  women  in  field  and  garden  work. 

2.  We  hope  to  organize  Community  Agricultural  Service  Clubs, 
Junior  and  Senior,  with  the  object  of  making  bigger  and  better 
gardens,  and  canning  and  preserving  the  maximum  amount. 

We  shall  endeavor  to  stimulate  in  every  possible  way  the  interest 
of  every  one,  but  particularly  women  and  children,  in  the  production 
of  food. 


The  Weeders'  Garden  Club  last  summer  actively  supported 
four  Community  Canning  Centers,  the  School  Gardens  Association 
and  Vacant  Lots  Association. 

Separate  members  of  the  Club  will  continue  all  these  branches  of 
work  during  the  coming  summer;  while  the  Club  as  a  whole  has 
joined  with  the  Gardeners'  Club  in  the  formation  and  maintenance 
of  a  Farm  Camp  for  women  field  laborers,  following  the  plan  of  the 
Land  Army  Units. 

We  have  been  given  a  large  house  with  farm,  garage,  garden  and 
fertihzers;  and  we  have  been  loaned  or  given  cows,  pigs,  chickens,  and 
a  horse  and  automobile. 

We  have  ten  work-women  already  registered  for  the  whole  summer, 
who  are  at  present  working  in  preparing  the  garden,  and  we  have 
several  volunteer  chauffeuresses. 

Later  we  hope  to  have  from  fifty  to  sixty  girls  to  send  in  squads 
to  various  farmers  and  gardeners  in  the  neighborhood. 

Officers  of  the  Weeders  are  working  in  the  Units  and  Recruiting 
Committees  of  the  Land  Army,  in  the  Council  of  National  Defense, 
handling  the  requests  for  new  units,  and  offers  of  farmers  and  service 
that  come  daily  to  the  Council.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe 
that  with  the  help  in  preliminary  financing,  which  the  Finance 
Committee  thinks  possible,  new  units  will  be  formed  to  meet  the 
demand  in  the  neighborhood  of  Philadelphia. 


In  the  death  of  Mrs.  Frank  N.  Doubleday,  the  North  Country 
Garden  Club  of  Long  Island  has  met  with  a  great  and  irreparable 
loss.  A  Charter  member  and  Vice-President  from  the  first  organiza- 
tion of  the  Club  in  1913,  she  was  its  President  from  January,  191 5, 
to  October,  1916.  She  did  much  to  encourage  the  giving  of  prizes  to 
school  children  for  work  in  their  gardens,  and  instituted  the  giving  of 
plants  and  shrubs  to  public  schools  by  owners  of  neighboring  estates. 


Her  spirit  was  broad  and  altruistic,  and  she  saw  the  garden,  not  as 
a  mere  personal  possession,  shut  in  with  narrow  enclosing  walls,  but  as 
a  source  of  mutual  interest  in  a  community,  an  opportunity  to  de- 
velop in  her  neighbors  of  every  degree  the  true  neighborhood  feeling 
of  sharing  together  in  one  common  happiness. 

Under  the  name  of  Neltje  Blanchan,  Mrs.  Double  day  wrote 
numerous  books  on  Botany  and  Horticulture,  as  well  as  Ornithology 
and  Nature  Study.  She  also  inspired  many  of  the  articles  on  practical 
gardening  in  Country  Life  in  America,  of  which  the  firm  founded  by 
Mr.  Doubleday  is  the  publisher. 

She  will,  perhaps,  be  best  remembered  by  her  "Nature's  Garden" 
and  her  "Bird  Neighbors,"  books  that  have  given  to  many  their  first 
impulse  to  study  our  native  wild  flowers  and  our  native  birds. 

Since  the  beginning  of  the  war  Mrs.  Doubleday  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  reHef  work,  and  at  the  time  of  her  death  she  was  traveling 
with  her  husband  in  the  interests  of  the  Red  Cross. 

A.  D.  Weekes. 
North  Country  Garden  Club  of  Long  Island. 


The  Little  Gardener's  Alphabet 
of  Proverbs 

Autumn-sown  annuals  flower  soonest  and  strongest. 

What  you  sow  in  the  spring,  sow  often  and  thin. 
Bulbs  bought  early  are  best  chosen. 

If  you  wish  your  tulips  to  wake  up  gay, 

They  must  all  be  in  bed  by  Lord  Mayor's  Day. 
"Cut  my  leaves  this  year,  and  you  won't  cut  my  flowers  next  year," 

said  the  Daffodil  to  Tabitha  Tidy. 
Cut  a  rose  for  your  neighbor,  and  it  will  tell  two  buds  to  blossom  for  you. 
Don't  let  me  forget  to  pray  for  travelers  when  I  thank  Heaven  I'm 

content  to  stay  in  my  own  garden.   It  is  furnished  from  the  ends  of 

the  earth. 
Enough  comes  out  of  anybody's  old  garden  in  autumn,  to  stock  a 

new  one  for  somebody  else.    But  you  want  sympathy  on  one  side 

and  sense  on  the  other,  and  they  are  rarer  than  most  perennials. 
Flowers  are  like  gentlemen  —  "Best  everywhere." 
Give  Mother  Earth  plenty  of  food,  and  she'll  give  you  plenty  of 

flowers. 
He  who  can  keep  what  he  gets  and  multiply  what  he  has  got,  should 

always  buy  the  best  kinds;  and  he  who  can  do  neither  should  buy 

none. 


If  nothing  else  accounts  for  it,  ten  to  one  there's  a  worm  in  the  pot. 
Jobbing  gardeners  are  sometimes  neat,  and  if  they  leave  their  rubbish 

behind  them,  the  hepaticas  may  turn  up  again. 
Known  sorts  before  new  sorts,  if  your  list  has  Hmits. 
Leave  a  bit  behind  you  —  for  conscience's  sake  —  if  it's  only  Poly- 
podium  Vulgaris. 
Mischief  shows  in  the  leaves,  but  lies  at  the  root. 
North  borders  are  warmest  in  winter. 
Old  women's  window-plants  have  guardian  angels. 
Pussy  cats  have  nine  lives  and  some  pot-plants  have  more;  but  both 

do  die  of  neglect. 
Quaint,  gay,  sweet,  and  good  for  nosegays,  is  good  enough  for  my 

garden. 
Rubbish  is  rubbish  when  it  lies  about  —  compost  when  it's  all  of  a 

heap  —  and  food  for  flowers  when  it's  dug  in. 
Sow  thick,  and  you'll  have  thin;  but  sow  peas  as  thick  as  you  please. 
Tree-leaves  in  the  garden,  and  tea  leaves  in  the  parlor,  are  good  for 

mulching. 
"Useful  if  ugly,"  as  the  toad  said  to  the  lily  when  he  ate  the  grubs. 
Very  little  will  keep  Jack  Frost  out  —  before  he  gets  in. 
Water  your  rose  with  a  slop-pail  when  it's  in  bud,  and  you'll  be  asked 

the  name  of  it  when  it's  in  flower. 
Xeranthemum,  Rhodanthe,  Helichrysum,  white,  yellow,  purple  and  red. 

Grow  us,  cut  us,  tie  us,  and  hang  us  with  drooping  head. 

Good  Christians  all,  find  a  nook  for  us,  for  we  bloom  for  the  Church 
and  the  Dead. 
You  may  find  more  heart's-ease  in  your  garden  than  grows  in  the 

pansy-bed. 
Zinnia  elegans  flore-pleno  is  a  showy  annual,  and  there's  a  colored 

picture  in  the  catalogue;  but  —  like  many  other  portraits  —  it's  a 

favorable  Hkeness. 

—  From  "Mary^s  Meadow,"  by  Mrs.  Ewing. 


Illinois  Training  Farm 

of  the 

Women's  Land  Army  of  America 

Aim 
To  ofer  to  the  women  of  America  an  opportunity  for  patriotic  service 

which  is  both  timely  and  useful. 
To  ofer  to  America  the  strength  and  courage  of  her  women  for  the 

fight  behind  the  lines. 


The  problem  of  using  women  on  the  land  is  a  serious  one  in  Illinois, 
since  Illinois  farms  cover  thousands  of  acres  and  are  almost  entirely- 
machine-made.  Untrained  women  would  be  more  harmful  than 
helpful. 

It  was  therefore  decided  early  in  the  Land  Army  movement  that 
there  was  little  that  we  in  the  West  could  do.  Later,  however,  a  plan 
developed  to  train  the  women  this  year  for  useful  work  in  the  year  to 
come. 

In  England,  in  the  early  stages  of  the  war,  it  was  realized  that 
women  would  be  needed  in  large  numbers  to  replace  the  men  on 
the  farms,  and  these  women  were  given  systematic  training  before 
being  sent  out.  This  we  are  now  attempting  to  do  in  Ilhnois,  feeling 
that,  even  should  the  war  end  before  another  summer,  there  will 
be  a  labor  shortage  and  trained  women  will  be  needed  to  meet 
successfully  the  demand  for  experienced  farm  laborers  and  superin- 
tendents. 

Mr.  W.  V.  B.  Ames,  who  owns  a  large  farm  near  Liberty ville, 
Illinois,  has  offered  the  practically  unrestricted  use  of  200  acres  of 
land,  agreeing  to  furnish,  rent  free,  for  two  years,  the  land,  some 
buildings,  200  or  more  chickens  and  18  cows.  This  splendid  offer 
has  made  it  possible  for  Illinois  to  undertake  an  experiment  which 
may  mean  much,  not  only  in  actual  accomplishment,  but  in  point- 
ing the  way  to  other  western  states. 

Many  women  are  willing  to  enroll,  but  a  careful  choice  will  be 
made  from  the  many  applicants.  No  one  will  be  accepted  who  is  not 
willing  to  sign  for  a  period  of  six  months.  The  work  is  a  patriotic  one, 
but  women  must  enroll  with  a  thorough  understanding  that  it  is  not 
merely  temporary,  and  that  it  is  a  conscientious  effort  to  meet, 
practically,  an  immediate  demand  for  increased  labor,  a  demand 
which  will  undoubtedly  continue  for  some  years  to  come. 

Training  will  be  given  in  dairy  farming,  poultry  raising,  animal 
husbandry,  soil  conditions,  general  crops  and  vegetable  gardening. 
A  large  garden  will  materially  decrease  operating  expenses,  and  the 
dairy  department  will  make  butter  and  cottage  cheese,  a  route  for 
the  sale  of  which  will  be  established. 

The  farm  will  be  in  charge  of  a  superintendent  and  assistant  in  the 
dairy.  Itinerant  instructors  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Extension  Department  of  the  International  Harvester  Company, 
and  other  agencies,  will  co-operate  to  give  short  courses  in  special 
subjects. 

A  bookkeeper  will  keep  the  household  accounts,  the  charts  of  crops 
and  books  of  the  various  departments.  An  accurate  card  index  of  the 
records  of  students  will  also  be  kept,  since  it  is  only  through  a  careful 


consideration  of  work  and  accomplishment  that  the  farm  may  prove  its 
full  value.  The  house  will  be  run  by  the  women  as  a  self-supporting  unit. 

Another  activity  which  the  Illinois  Committee  will  attempt  is  an 
arrangement  for  part  time  work  for  women.  Available  land  will  be 
cultivated  as  community  gardens,  the  women  to  enlist  on  the  same 
basis  upon  which  they  have  worked  for  the  Red  Cross,  pledging  so 
many  hours  a  week.  Suitable  instruction  will  be  given  and  adequate 
supervision.  A  special  effort  will  be  made  to  train  women  to  act  as 
captains  next  year,  and  to  superintend  children's  gardens,  which  are 
suffering  now  for  a  lack  of  competent  supervision.  Every  com- 
munity will  be  urged  to  use  its  resources  to  the  utmost,  and  although 
little  may  be  accomplished  this  year,  achievement  next  year  will 
prove  the  value  of  thorough  preparation. 

We  who  Uve  in  the  western  country,  where  farms  are  huge  and 
labor  frequently  scarce,  realize  that  these  trained  women  will  mean 
much  patriotically  and  practically  to  the  country's  future  work.  These 
women,  who  this  year  give  their  time  and  energy  that  they  may  help  in 
years  to  come,  will  learn  a  trade  which  will  be  one  of  increasing  useful- 
ness. Whether  they  marry  or  not,  they  will  have  at  their  command  a 
practical,  remunerative,  interesting  career.  Theirs  will  be  a  new  and 
honorable  profession,  and  to  America,  their  country,  they  will  offer  the 
nucleus  of  a  women's  army  to  carry  on  the  fight  for  increased  food 
production. 

Horticultural  and  Arboricultural 
Reconstruction  Work  in  France 

Dear  Mrs.  Martin:  I  am  sending  you  a  copy  of  the  letter  writ- 
ten, at  your  request,  to  Professor  Charles  S.  Sargent  of  the  Arnold 
Arboretum,  and  his  reply. 

The  German  advance  of  the  last  few  days  would  seem  to  show 
that,  admirable  as  the  local  and  temporary  agricultural  relief  measures 
have  been,  they  can  only  be  considered  as  such,  and  that  any  per- 
manent reconstruction  work  must  await  more  stable  conditions. 

Yours  sincerely, 

Beatrix  Farrand. 

March  i8,  1918. 
Professor  Charles  S.  Sargent, 
Arnold  Arboretum,  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 
Dear  Mr.  Sargent:   Mrs.  Martin,  President  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America,  has  asked  me  to  write  you  on  behalf  of  the  Club  for  your 
advice  with  regard  to  what  is  in  your  opinion  most  needed  in  the  way 


of  reKef  or  reconstruction  work  in  France  in  horticulture,  forestry  and 
agriculture. 

The  members  have  heard  that  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  of 
London  has  as  yet  no  very  clearly  formulated  plan,  and  that  the 
Societe  Nationale  d'Horticultiu-e  does  not  seem  to  be  doing  any  re- 
construction work.  The  garden  clubs  know,  of  course,  of  the  excellent 
local  relief  work  being  done  by  the  American  Fund  for  French  Wound- 
ed and  various  other  associations,  the  EngUsh  Friends  among  others, 
who  are  working  in  various  communes. 

The  Club  would  venture  to  ask  your  advice  as  to  what  you  con- 
sider the  most  useful  work  they  could  do,  and  whether  you  would 
direct  them  to  proceed  along  one  special  line,  such  as  horticulture,  or 
whether  you  think  forestry  and  agriculture  should  also  be  included  in 
their  scheme.  The  members  of  the  Garden  Club  hesitate  to  trouble  you 
in  this  way,  as  they  realize  that  it  means  taking  a  good  deal  of  your 
time  and  thought,  but  they  also  know  there  is  no  one  who  has  closer 
connections  with  horticulture  and  its  allies  here  and  in  Europe,  and 
therefore  you  are  the  one  person  to  whom  they  turn. 

Yours  sincerely, 

(Signed)  Beatrix  Fakrand. 


Arnold  Arboretum, 
Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.,  March  20,  1918. 
Mrs.  Farrand, 

21  East  Eleventh  St.,  New  York. 

Dear  Mrs.  Farrand:  I  have  your  letter  of  the  i8th  inst.  in  which 
you  ask  my  opinion  of  what  is  most  needed  in  the  way  of  relief  or 
reconstruction  work  in  France  in  horticulture,  forestry  and  agri- 
culture. 

As  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Society  for  Promoting  Agri- 
culture, I  have  given  attention  to  this  subject,  and  the  Trustees  of  the 
Society  have  already  sent  to  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  $1000.00 
to  be  used  in  France  and  Belgium  at  the  end  of  the  war,  or  as  soon  as 
it  is  practicable,  in  re-estabhshing  Belgian  and  French  gardeners.  I 
beheve  that  America  can  best  help  Belgian  and  French  horticulture 
through  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  which  is  a  rich  and  power- 
ful organization,  interested  in  this  work  and  desirous  of  doing 
everything  which  may  seem  practical  and  possible.  Money  is 
needed,  and  I  believe  the  Garden  Clubs  can  accompHsh  more  for 
this  cause  by  sending  money  to  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
than  by  any  independent  movement  looking  to  the  sending  of 
Americans  to  Europe. 


I  would  suggest  that  you  write  to  Mr.  W.  Wilkes,  Secretary  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and  find  out  what  the  Society  is  doing 
or  proposing  to  do,  and  get  from  him  an  opinion  of  the  Council  on 
the  best  method  of  accomplishing  your  purpose. 

Faithfully  yours, 

(Signed)  C.  S.  Sargent. 


Common  Barberry 

vs. 

Wheat  Rust 

This  year  the  farmers  of  northern  Illinois  are  planting  a  consider- 
able amount  of  spring  wheat  in  response  to  the  call  of  our  government 
for  increased  wheat  production  in  this  state.  To  insure  a  successful 
crop  it  is  vitally  necessary  that  the  black  stem  rust  of  wheat  be  com- 
batted  in  every  possible  way.  It  so  happens  that  the  Common  or 
Tall  Barberry  (Berberis  vulgaris)  and  its  varieties,  including  the 
Purple-leaved  Barberry,  harbors  the  spring  stage  of  this  fungus,  which 
produces  millions  of  tiny  spores  which  are  carried  great  distances  by 
the  wind  to  the  growing  wheat,  upon  which  they  produce  the  de- 
structive black  stem  rust. 

This  rust  caused  $205,000,000  damage  to  the  wheat  crop  in  the 
United  States  in  1916.  If  conditions  are  favorable  this  year  it  may  do 
more  —  perhaps  less.  Against  this  enormous  sum  the  value  of  all  the 
Common  Barberry  in  the  country  is  insignificant.  Dig  it  up  and 
burn  it  if  you  have  any  on  your  premises! 

The  Common  Barberry  has  been  outlawed  in  Denmark  for  years. 
North  Dakota  ordered  it  to  be  removed  throughout  the  state  by 
July  I,  1917.  The  Minnesota  State  Council  of  Public  Safety  has 
ordered  it  out  of  Minnesota.  Wisconsin  has  sent  out  a  powerful  appeal 
to  the  people  of  the  state  to  destroy  all  Common  Barberry. 

The  relation  between  Common  Barberry  and  wheat  rust  has  been 
known  for  over  50  years.  We  have  simply  ignored  it.  Before  the 
present  great  war  wheat  was  sufficiently  plentiful  in  America  and  the 
world  to  cause  an  attitude  of  indifference  to  the  common  enemies  of 
growing  wheat.  But  this  is  changed.  We  must  now  strive  to  produce 
every  bushel  of  wheat  that  we  can. 

The  Common  Barberry  in  the  city  must  be  removed  just  as 
drastically  as  in  the  country.  In  Minneapolis  bushes  of  this  shrub 
planted  along  the  boulevards  of  the  city  were  found  to  be  heavily 
infested  with  the  spring  stage  of  the  rust.  There  is  no  definite  limit  to 
the  distance  the  spores  may  be  carried. 


The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  State  co-operate  in 
an  appeal  to  all  patriotic  citizens  to  destroy  the  Common  Barberry 
at  once. 

N.  B. —  The  Japanese  Barberry  {Berheris  Thunbergii)  is  immime. 

N.  P.  HOLLISTER. 


Book  Review 

Women  and  War  Work.   By  Helen  Fraser.   Published  by  G.  Arnold 
Shaw,  New  York  City.     Price,  $1.50. 

Miss  Helen  Eraser's  book  brings  to  its  American  readers  an 
inspiring  example  of  enduring  courage,  strength  and  selfless  service  as 
shown  by  the  women  of  England.  The  clear  and  concise  account  of 
the  organization  of  w^omen  in  the  different  branches  of  the  war  service, 
such  as  the  Waacs,  the  V.  A.  D.'s,  etc.,  and  the  record  of  their  fine 
achievements,  is  of  the  utmost  value  to  American  women  today. 
But  to  the  members  of  the  Farm  and  Garden  Association  it  is  the 
chapter  on  the  Women's  Land  Army  which  is  sure  to  make  the  strong- 
est appeal.  This  Land  Army  now  numbers  over  258,000,  and  without 
them,  as  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  says,  agriculture 
would  be  at  an  absolute  standstill  on  many  farms  in  England  and 
Wales  today.  Now  that  the  burden  of  food  production  is  beginning 
to  fall  heavily  on  America,  we  are  fortunate  in  having  their  example 
as  a  guide  and  an  inspiration,  and  it  should  be  a  cause  for  congratula- 
tion to  our  members  that  the  Woman's  Land  Army  of  America  was 
launched  at  a  conference  called  by  the  Farm  and  Garden  Association, 
and  addressed  by  Miss  Fraser. 

Reprinted  from  the  April  issue  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Woman's 
National  Farm  and  Garden  Association. 


Cottage  Cheese 
Has  Splendid  Food  Value 

As  a  part  of  the  campaign  to  stop  waste  and  conserve  food  Simon 
Hagedorn,  an  expert  on  the  manufacture  of  cottage  cheese,  has  been 
detailed  to  Indiana  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
to  encourage  a  larger  manufacture  and  more  extensive  use  of  this 
valuable  food  product. 

During  these  times  when  meats  and  other  protein  foods  are 
scarce  and  high  in  price  the  housewife  will  find  it  economical  to  use 
cottage  cheese  as  a  substitute.    Nutrition  experts  tell  us  that  one 


pound  of  cottage  cheese  has  a  protein  value  equal  to  that  of  various 
kinds  of  meats  as  follows: 

1.27  pounds  of  sirloin  steak. 

1 .  46  pounds  of  fresh  ham. 

1.58  pounds  of  loin  pork  chop. 

1.52  pounds  of  fowl. 

1 .31  pounds  of  hind  leg  of  calf. 

Large  quantities  of  skim  milk  that  might  be  made  into  cottage 
cheese  are  now  being  wasted  or  fed  to  hogs  and  other  live  stock.  Many 
difficult  problems  in  the  manufacture  and  marketing  of  the  cheese 
have  in  the  past  kept  it  from  being  more  generally  used.  But  now  that 
it  is  so  important  to  save  meats  and  the  housewife  can  make  such  a 
saving  by  using  cheese  as  a  meat  substitute,  it  is  important  that  it  be 
placed  on  the  market  in  larger  quantities. 

Mr.  Hagedorn  will  visit  the  different  creameries  and  dairies  of  the 
State  to  help  them  with  their  manufacturing  problems  and  to  give 
advice  regarding  the  better  methods  of  marketing  the  product.  The 
work  is  being  conducted  by  Purdue  University  in  co-operation  with 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  The  campaign  is  in 
charge  of  C.  R.  George,  of  Purdue,  and  is  a  part  of  the  dairy  campaign 
waged  by  the  State  Food  Committee. 

—  From  the  Bulletin  of  the  Indiana  State  Council  of  Defense. 


Embargo  on  Lily  Bulbs 

The  United  States  has  declared  an  absolute  embargo  on  all  bulbs 
from  Bermuda,  the  Azore  Islands,  Japan  and  China,  which  means 
that  no  Lily  bulbs  from  these  places  will  be  available  for  the  duration 
of  the  War;  it  is  therefore  advisable  to  order  early  cold  storage  Lilies, 
of  which  there  is  a  limited  quantity  of  good  quality,  carloads  of  these 
Lilies  having  arrived  in  frozen  and  worthless  condition  last  winter. 

John  Scheepers. 


Preserving  Our 
Perishable  Food  Supplies 

In  a  recent  issue  of  the  Times  Dr.  S.  A.  Kapadia  deals  with  the 
method  of  preserving  perishable  foodstuffs.  The  method  adopted  is 
to  treat  the  food  with  a  gas  consisting  of  nitrogen,  carbondioxide,  and 
a  trace  of  oxygen.  Australian  Apples  which  had  been  kept  five  weeks 
in  an  atmosphere  of  this  gas  were  found  to  have  been  as  good  as  at  the 


first.  Raspberries  —  a  fruit  very  difficult  to  preserve  fresh  —  after 
fourteen  days  of  the  treatment  were  as  fresh  as  when  the  experiment 
was  started,  and,  moreover,  they  retained  this  freshness  for  four  days 
after  removal  from  the  preserving  chamber,  thus  allowing  time  for  the 
marketing  of  the  fruit. — Reprinted  from  The  Garden. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  held  in  New  York  on 
March  15,  1918,  the  following  clubs  were  elected  to  membership  in 
The  Garden  Club  of  America: 

Name  —  The  Garden  Club  of  Santa  Barbara,  California. 

President  —  Mrs.  James  Mauran  Rhodes. 

Address  —  Santa  Barbara,  California. 

Secretary  —  Mrs.  J.  Hobart  Moore. 

Address  —  Santa  Barbara,  California. 

Name  —  The  Fauquier  and  Loudoun  Garden  Club. 
President  —  Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison. 
Address  —  Belvoir  House,  Belvoir,  Virginia. 
Secretary  —  Mrs.  D.  C.  Sands,  Jr. 
Address  —  "Benton,"  Middleburg,  Virginia. 


Extracts  from  a  Letter 
from  Mrs.  Ballington  Booth 

Reprinted  from  the  Florists^  Exchange. 

In  Favor  of  Flower  Gardening 
"I  am  indeed  glad  that  you  have  written  to  me.    We  certainly 
must  be  kindred  spirits.   My  flower  garden  is  my  greatest  rest  when 
I  have  gone  through  deep  sorrow.    Both  my  husband  and  I  in  the 
summer-time  spend  every  spare  hour  working  in  our  garden. 

I  need  hardly  tell  you  that  the  hours  are  not  many.  A  day  or 
two  days  a  week  and  then  sometimes  not  as  much  as  that,  but  they 
are  wonderful  in  the  real,  healthful  enjoyment  they  bring. 

I  think  that  it  is  foolish  in  the  extreme  to  talk  of  the  raising  of 
flowers  as  an  unpatriotic  pursuit.  I  wish  you  could  have  seen  how  my 
daughter,  the  president  of  the  Girls'  National  Honor  Guard,  went 
through  my  garden  this  summer  and  fall,  stripping  it  of  Roses,  Dahlias 
and  everything  else  she  could  gather  for  the  sick  boys  in  our  Naval 
Hospital,  and  how  gallantly  it  responded  to  this  war  need  and  bloomed 
again  each  day.  Right  up  to  frost  we  were  cutting  baskets  of  flowers 
for  these  boys. 


Perhaps  people  may  think  that  men  don't  care  for  flowers,  but 
if  you  could  see  their  eyes  brighten  or  hear  some  sick  soldier  say, 
"  Give  me  the  pink  Rose,  it  is  like  the  one  that  grows  in  my  mother's 
garden,"  you  would  know  that  even  for  their  sake  every  woman  who 
could  afford  to  do  so  should  grow  her  flowers  through  war  times. 

So  far  as  I  am  concerned,  I  am  going  to  do  with  my  garden  more 
this  year  than  I  have  ever  done  before,  because  of  the  comfort  it 
brings  to  others  as  well  as  the  real  help  it  is  to  myself. 

No,  a  garden  is  not  a  selfish  place." 

From  the  Women  of  France 

"We  women  of  France,  mothers,  wives,  sisters  of  brave  soldiers, 
profoundly  indignant  at  the  treason  whose  horror  has  penetrated  to 
the  heart  of  our  country,  raise  our  voices  as  one  to  cry  vengeance 
against  the  traitors  who  have  struck  down  treacherously  our  dear 
defenders  while  they  were  so  valiantly  offering  their  blood  for  our 
beloved  land.  We  rally  to  our  flag,  emblem  of  energy,  we  demand  the 
punishment  of  the  guilty,  the  unflinching  march  to  complete  victory, 
ransom  for  the  blood  that  has  been  shed  and  for  our  sacrifices.  To 
the  end  we  shall  know  immolation  to  avenge  our  dead,  to  do  the 
work  we  have  to  do ;  that  France  may  be  greater,  more  prosperous  and 
yet  more  glorious,  and  that  our  dear  children  may  be  spared  the 
horrors  we  have  borne.  To  our  standard  we  pledge  our  faith.  We 
follow  and  trust  in  it." 

From  the  Women  of  America 

"On  the  anniversary  of  America's  entrance  in  the  great  war  I 
affirm  my  undivided  loyalty  to  the  cause  for  which  we  fight,  the 
cause  of  justice  and  human  liberty.  I  gladly  lay  upon  the  altar  of  the 
nation's  need  my  material  possessions,  my  bodily  strength,  and  my 
mental  powers.  To  serve  and  to  save  America  and  those  ideals  for 
which  it  stands  and  to  keep  the  Stars  and  Stripes  floating  with  honor 
I  pledge  my  hand,  my  heart,  and  my  life." 


"^hardV-  Climbing  Roses 

AND  GET  BUSHELS  OF  LOVELY  BLOOMS 
WE  OFFER  NEARLY  50  KINDS 
Hardy  Climbing  Roses  are  easy  to  grow  —  they 
can  be  used  for  shade,  for  windbreaks,  hedges, 
arches,  arbors  and  pergolas.  Also  for  growing 
on  tree  stumps  and  retaining  and  beautifying 
embankments.  Send  for  out  catalog  to-day. 
THE  CONARD  &  JONES  CO.,  West  Grove,  Pa. 

Robert  Pyle,  Prej. 

FOR  the  benefit  of  our  blinded  soldiers 
I  will  send  a  generous  packet  of  Hardy 
Larkspur  Seed  for  ten  cents,  three  cents 
postage  additional.  Original  seed  from 
Kelway,  England. 

Mrs.  William  Hooper  Grafflin 

Filston  Manor 
Glencoe,  Baltimore  County         Maryland 


Plants    and  Bulbs 

FOR  SPRING  PLANTING 

Lists  now  ready.  General  Catalogue  of  the  cream  of 
Dutch  Bulbs  and  Choicest  Perennials  for  Autumo  to  follow 
later.     May  we  send  them  ? 

FRANKEN  BROTHERS 

Box  513  Deerfield,  Illinois 


BARBERRY  IS  A  HUN  — 
KILL  IT 

The  tall  barberry  is  ein  enemy  of  the  United 
States  because  it  is  an  enemy  of  wheat.  Wheat 
rust  is  spread  with  the  pollen  from  the  barberry 
flower.  Dig  out  the  barberry  by  the  roots  before 
it  has  time  to  bloom. 

This  is  one  way  to  fight  the  Hun. 

( IVisconsin  State  Council  Bulletin) 

Euonymus   Radicans  Acutus 

TVeD)  Hardy  Evergreen  Vine 

Splendid   ground    cover.      Dark,    glossy    green 

leaves.    Price,  $7.50  per  dozen. 
List  of  other  New  and  Rare  Plants  will  be  found 
in  our  Garden  Annual.    Copy  mailed  on  request 

R.  &  J.  FARQUHAR  &  CO. 

6  South  Market  Street  BOSTON,  MASS. 


The  famous  collection  of  Paeonies,  owned  by 
T.  A.  Havemeyer,  Esq.,  of  Brookville,  L.  1.,  will 
be  catalogued  by  us  this  season;  those  interested 
in  receiving  illustrated  booklet  giving  prices  and 
descriptions  of  the  World's  finest  Paeonies  will 
kindly  address 

JOHN  SCHEEPERS.  Incorporated 

Flower  Bulb  Speclaliah 
2  Stone  Street  NEW  YORK  CITY 


SMALL  FARM  FOR  RENT,  in  north- 
ern Rhode  Island,  two  miles  from  electric 
cars.  Old-fashioned  farm  house,  furnished, 
fireplaces,  barn,  poultry  house,  duck-jxind. 
Pasture  for  horse  and  cov^.  Fruit.  Garden 
already  ploughed.  Suitable  for  a  garden  club,  or  a 
party  of  ladies.     Rent  $150  the  season. 

Address,  Miss  Henrietta  R.  Palmer, 

153  Power  Street  Providence,  R.  L 

The  Fatherless  Children  of  France 

Nco  York  Headquarters,  665  Fifth  Ave. 

$36.50  a  year,  added  to  the  small  allowance 
of  the  French  Government,  will  give  an  efficient- 
ly trained  child  to  the  new  France. 
.10  a  day 
3.00  a  month 
36.50  a  year;  payable  monthly,  quarterly  or  yearly 

WILL  YOU  HELP? 

CHESTER  JAY  HUNT 

MAYFAIR  LITTLE  FALLS.  N.  J. 

Spring-flowering  bulbs,  including  many  exclu- 
sive offerings  in  Tulips  and  Daffodils. 

The  Blue  Book  of  Bulbs  will  be  sent  you  on 

request. 


o. 


Builders  of  Greenhouse!  and  Conservatories 


New  York  Boston 

42nd  St.  Bldg.         Tremont  Bldg. 

Chicago  Rochester 

Continental  &  Com-    Granite  Bldg. 
mercial  Bank  Bldg. 
Toronto 


Philadelphia 
Widener  Bldz. 

Cleveland 
Swetland  Bldg. 

Montreal 


Royal  Bank  Bldg.  Transportation  Bldg. 


All  advertisements  endorsed  by  members  of  the  GARDEN   CLUB  OF  AMEFUCA 
In  writing  to  jldvertisers  l^indly  refer  to  the  Bulletin 


Hardy 
Perennials 


Here  "At  the  Sign  of  The 
Tree,"  we  have  for  your  se- 
lection Hardy  Perennials  that 
really  otc  hardy. 
Sturdy,  full-rooted  plants,  every 
one  of  them.  Absolutely  true  to 
name  and  habit. 

Particularly,  let  us  call  your 
attention  to  the  Delphiniums 
(Larkspur).  Steadily  are  they 
increasing  in  popularity.  Be- 
cause of  the  rather  limited  supply 
of  them,  we  would  counsel  early 
ordering. 

Send  for  our  catalog.  It  gives 
a  complete  alphabetical  list  of 
Perennials,  divided  into  flower- 
ing months. 

Tuliuy  "%eKry  Cor 

*^     "Jit  the  Sign  of  The  Tree" 


Bos  34 


Rutherford,  N.  J. 


BACK  NUMBERS  OF  THE 
BULLETIN 

Back  issues  of  the  Bulletin  and  extra  copies  of 
the  current  number  may  be  had  from  the  Editor 
for  ten  cents  each,  payable  in  stamps.  Nos.  10 
and  1 4  are  out  of  print.  A  few  copies  of  No.  23, 
containing  a  full  account  of  the  Unit  Plan  for 
Women  Agricultural  Workers'  may  be  had  for 
twenty-five  cents  each. 

FOR  the  largest  and  best  selection  of 
DAHLIAS,  ROSES,  HARDY  PER- 
ENNIALS; also  FLOWER  and  VEGE- 
TABLE SEEDS,  etc.,  consult 

Dreer's  Garden  Book  for  1918 

A   Copy  Mailed  FREE  to  All  Applicants 

HENRY  A.  DREER 

714-716  Chestnut  Street       PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


ROSEDALE  SPECIALTIES 

Spring  1918 
ROSES  and  FRUITS,  dwarf  and  standard,  in  many 

varieties  of  large  size  for  immediate  effect. 
EVERGREENS  in  70  varieties  and  many  sizea,  up 

to  1 7  feet. 
DECIDUOUS  TREES.  SHRUBS  and  VINES  in 
great  variety  (including  XXX  sizes) . 
Catalogue  on  Request 

|j00f  half  ^uvmxxeB 

Box  C.  TARRYTOWN,  N.  Y. 


ROCK    GARDENS 

Rockeries  are  one  of  the  most  beautiful  features 
of  gardening.  In  them  can  be  grown  the  exquisite 
alpine  plants  which  are  too  dainty  for  the  ordinary 
border. 

We  specialize  in  the  choicest  of  these  plants,  as 
well  as  veirious  other  novelties. 

Send  for  Catalog 

WOLCOTT  NURSERIES.  Jackson,  Michigan 

Choice  and  Rare  Hard))  Plants 


OUR  new  rose,  '  'Mrs.  Charles 
Bell,"  is  a  shell-pink  Radi- 
ance. It  has  a  wonderful  con- 
stitution. It  will  be  a  joy  to 
your  garden  as  Radiance  has 
been  and  is  —  as  RED  RADI- 
ANCE is  proving  to  be. 

We  grow  Roses  for  America 
and  for  the  folks  near  at  home; 
a  nursery  full  of  choice  Ever- 
greens, Shrubs  and  Trees.  We 
do  landscape  work  for  a  few 
good  people  each  season.  Our 
catalogue  is  larger  and  better 
than  ever.  We  want  a  few  addi- 
tional people  to  study  it  and  to 
know  our  stock  and  our  methods. 
Will  YOU  be  one?  A  post  card 
will  bring  it. 

A.  N.  PIERSON.  Inc. 

Cromwell  Gardens 
CROMWELL.  CONN. 


Ail  advertisements  endorsed  by  members  of  the  GARDEN   CLUB  OF  AMERICA 
In  writing  to  Jidvertisers  kindly  refer  to  the  Bulletin 


bulletin  of 


Zhc  (5ar6en  Club 


of  Hmerica 


August,  1918 


No.  XXVI 


President 
MRS.  J.  WILLIS  MARTIN 

Chestntjt  Hill,  Philadelphia 

Treasurer 
MRS.  H.  D.  AUCHINCLOSS 

33  E.  67TH  Street,  New  York  and 
Newport,  R.  I. 

Secretary 
MRS.  BAYARD  HENRY 

Germantown,  Philadelphia 

Librarian 
MISS  ERNESTINE  A.  GOODMAN 

Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia 


Vice-Presidents 
MRS.  WILLIAM   CABELL  BRUCE 
8  Mt.  Vernon  Pl.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
AND  Ruxton,  Md. 

MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 
Aliia,  Michigan 

MRS.  JOHN  E.  NEWELL 
West  Mentor,  Ohio 

Editor 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER 
1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago, 
AND  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 


The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  To  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 


Meanwhile  the  mind  from  pleasure  less 

Withdraws  into  its  happiness; 

The  mind,  that  ocean  where  each  kind 

Does  straight  its  own  resemblance  find; 

Yet  it  creates,  transcending  these, 

Far  other  worlds,  and  other  seas; 

Annihilating  all  thafs  made 

To  a  green  thought  in  a  green  shade. 

From  Andrew  Marvel's 
Thoughts  in  a  Garden. 


The  great  news  of  these  summer  days  gives  promise  of  a  happier 
summer  next  year,  perhaps  not  a  peaceful  summer  but  one  which  may 
be  a  season  of  preparation  for  peace.  So  remember  that  your  garden 
cannot  be  resurrected  all  in  a  minute  and  furbish  it  up  a  httle  in  the 
autumn  that  is  near  in  hopeful  anticipation  of  happiness,  beauty  and 
rest  in  a  time  that  up  to  now  has  seemed  very  remote. 

Most  of  us  have  had  Httle  time  for  garden  work  or  enjoyment  this 
year  and  little  courage  to  plan  for  next.  Labor  shortage,  foot  shortage, 
time  shortage  have  loomed  ominously.  We  knew  that  our  gardens 
and  our  lives  would  bloom  again  with  victory  but  we  could  not  be  too 
confident  when  that  victory  would  come.  We  must  not  be  over- 
confident now  but  surely  next  summer  must  be  the  last  when  beauty 
is  entirely  subordinated  to  usefulness ,  and  that  means  just  one  more  year 
to  guard  the  flowers  that  we  have,  just  one  more  year  of  giving  them 
as  little  care  as  possible,  just  one  more  year  of  planning  what  best 
can  be  abandoned.  And  to-day  we  can  begin  to  think,  "I  am  glad  I 
did  not  let  the  weeds  overgrow  that  border."  "No  matter  how  Httle 
labor  we  have  I  shall  replant  and  tend  that  garden  next  year  that  it 
may  be  very  proud  and  gay  in  1920." 

But  though  our  time  of  blind  effort  is  over  and  we  may  begin  to 
struggle  toward  a  triumphant  end  there  is  still  more  work  for  any  one 
of  us  to  do  than  we  have  ever  done  before.  Last  March  at  the  Council 
of  Presidents  the  continuance  of  the  Bulletin  during  war  times  was 
discussed.  It  was  decided  that  as  a  means  of  holding  the  Club  together 
it  was  useful  and  of  some  practical  value. 

Perhaps  it  is,  but  the  editor  needs  reassurance.  In  the  first  place 
practicaUy  no  contributions  are  forthcoming.  Neither  are  comments 
on  the  few  contributions  received  and  printed.  This  would  seem  to 
prove  a  lack  of  interest  which  gives  faint  hope  that  our  smaU  pubHca- 
tion  is  widely  read.  In  the  second  place  the  member  clubs  are  aU 
doing  much  and  good  work  but  after  thirty-six  commimity  war 
gardens  have  been  described  semi-annuaUy  for  two  years  and  canning 
kitchens  have  been  richly  commented  upon  with  equal  regularity, 
those  who  delve  in  the  gardens  and  can  in  the  kitchens  become  dis- 
interested in  any  but  their  own.  Farm  imits  are  stiU  a  stirring  subject, 
but  has  any  club  written  to  tell  us  how  prospers  their  unit?  No,  not 
one.  Not  even  our  own  home  club  that  boasts  of  a  part  in  the  only 
American  Training  Farm  for  Women. 

So  this  is  the  conclusion  we  have  reached  and  at  the  risk  of  seeming 
personal  we  state  it.  You  want  the  Bulletin,  but  you  don't  want  to 
be  bothered  with  it.  Again  at  the  risk  of  seeming  personal,  we  would 
say  that  the  editor  is  one  whose  war-work,  home  charities,  com- 
paratively gardenerless  gardens  and  family  (this  last  accounted  for 


only  by  the  fact  that  it  ante-dates  the  war)  consume  from  sixteen  to 
eighteen  hours  a  day.  The  week  that  the  Bulletin  is  being  prepared 
for  press  means  nightly  typewriting  until  midnight.  The  Bulletin 
when  it  finally  emerges  is  twenty-four  small  pages  read  by  perhaps 
one-fifth  of  our  two  thousand  members.  A  very  smaU  task,  you  would 
say,  and  one  about  which  no  self-respecting  editor  should  complain. 
But  to  compile  these  pages  the  French  and  English  garden  magazines 
are  read,  American  trade  journals  skimmed  through,  advertisements 
soHcited,  arranged,  and  collected  for,  reports  rewritten  (because  they 
are  always  longer  than  are  requested),  long-hand  manuscripts  copied 
(because  being  non-commercial  we  are  expected  to  accept  them  that 
way).  The  editor  is  the  employer  of  three  and  a  half  secretaries  and 
stenographers  who  work  from  nine  to  five.  Then  they  go  home.  So 
does  the  editor;  but  because  they  have  had  no  time  during  their 
day  to  write  Bulletin  letters,  make  up  Bulletin  accovmts,  copy 
Bulletin  manuscripts,  the  editor's  faithful  non-union  Corona  works 
overtime  assisted  not  too  ably  by  the  editor. 

So  now  we  ask  again.  Is  the  Bulletin  worth  while?  If  you  really 
want  it,  if  you  reaUy  read  it,  it  is.  If  it  is  stimulating,  interesting, 
patriotic,  encouraging,  it  is.  But  do  you  wonder  that,  as  we  sit  copying 
manuscripts  and  arranging  clippings  and  sending  night  letters  for 
belated  reports  at  ii  130  p.m.  with  no  one  to  help  us  or  encourage  us  or 
advise  us,  adding  one  more  unread  pamphlet  to  the  tidal  wave  of 
printed  utterances  of  war  seems  a  non-essential  industry? 


Growing  Vegetable  Seed 

As  the  production  of  food  is  one  of  the  most  important  problems 
this  coimtry  has  to  deal  with  at  present,  and,  as  seeds  for  this  purpose 
are  scarce  and  growing  scarcer,  it  behooves  us  all  this  year,  to  look 
intelKgently  into  the  matter  of  growing  our  own  vegetable  seeds,  in  so 
far  as  is  possible.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  very  best  vegetable  seed 
obtainable  for  many  crops  is  that  which  is  home  grown. 

We  will  take  up,  first,  the  general  methods  for  the  home  produc- 
tion of  vegetable  seeds,  and,  after  that,  the  vegetables  with  which  we 
are  most  famihar  will  be  treated  individually. 

In  choosing  seeds  for  propagation,  select  those  from  the  best 
plants.  They  should  not  be  harvested  until  they  are  fully  ripe.  It  is 
important  to  gather  them  promptly,  when  they  are  mature,  or  the 
seeds  will  begin  to  get  moldy  or  to  sprout  or  discolor.  Seeds  are  gen- 
erally ripe  when  the  pods  turn  yellow  or  when  the  fruits,  as  tomatoes 
and  melons,  lose  their  firmness.  In  the  case  of  the  fruit  crops,  such  as 


tomatoes,  melons,  eggplants,  cucumbers,  squash  and  pumpkins,  those 
plants  which  produce  a  heavy,  early,  and  desirable  crop  are  better 
for  seed  production  than  those  plants  which  produce  only  a  very  few 
early  fruit.  The  earlier  in  the  season  the  fruits  are  allowed  to  develop 
for  seed,  the  better  the  resulting  seed  will  germinate. 

In  securing  clean  seeds,  vegetables  such  as  tomatoes  and  melons, 
must  stand  for  some  time  in  their  juices  to  remove  the  mucilaginous 
covering;  usually,  the  cut-up  pieces  are  put  into  a  wooden  tub  or 
barrel  and  are  stirred  every  day  until  fermentation  has  loosened  the 
covering  around  the  seeds.  To  prevent  discoloration,  stop  the  fer- 
menting process  just  as  soon  as  the  seeds  are  ready;  then,  remove  the 
pulp  and  skin  by  washing  the  seeds  three  or  four  times.  The  pulp, 
skin,  and  bad  seeds  come  to  the  surface  of  the  water  and  are 
poured  off. 

In  the  case  of  the  root  crops,  such  as  turnips,  radishes,  beets, 
carrots,  etc.,  side  roots,  roughness  or  lopsidedness  are  to- be  avoided. 
Select  the  most  desirable  roots  when  harvesting  the  crops,  because 
then  the  foliage  will  assist  in  estabUshing  a  uniform  strain. 

A  bright  day  should  be  chosen  for  harvesting  the  crops  and  the 
plants  should  be  thoroughly  dried.  When  drying  seed,  spread  it  so 
that  it  win  dry  as  soon  as  possible.  Frequent  stirring  hastens  drying 
and  prevents  the  seed  from  sticking  together  when  dry.  Never  spread 
the  seed  on  tin,  or  on  glass.  Spread  it  on  paper,  cloth,  boards  or  sieves. 
When  wet  seeds  are  first  spread  on  newspapers,  for  instance,  the  paper 
will  quickly  absorb  much  of  the  moisture  from  the  seed.  If  after  a 
few  minutes,  the  seeds  are  placed  on  fresh  papers,  the  drying  process 
will  be  further  hastened. 

Never  let  partly  dried  seeds  be  exposed  to  freezing.  Place  the 
dried  seeds  in  cloth  bags  and  never  store  them  in  air-tight  tins.  To 
do  so  may  cause  them  to  become  musty  or  to  heat  up,  thereby  ruining 
their  germination.  Label  the  bag  on  the  outside  according  to  the 
variety  and  date  of  saving  the  seed.  Since  many  kinds  of  vegetable 
seed  will  germinate  well  for  several  years,  it  will  be  more  convenient 
to  grow  enough  seed  at  one  time  to  last  as  long  as  the  seed  germinates 
well.  However,  when  growing  such  seed  as  beets,  celery,  lettuce, 
spinach,  etc.,  in  large  enough  quantities  to  last  more  than  one  year, 
it  will  be  more  convenient  not  to  clean  out  the  final  httle  pieces  of 
foreign  matter  until  these  seeds  are  to  be  sown.  This  saves  con- 
siderable work,  and  incidentally  the  seed  will  keep  better.  When 
storing  seed  for  the  winter,  it  should  be  properly  labeled,  stating  the 
kind  and  variety,  and  also  the  year  in  which  saved. 

Those  vegetables  which  are  biennial  are: 


Cabbage  Parsley 

Brussells  Sprouts  Swiss  Chard 

Kale  Leeks 

Globe  Artichoke  Onions 

Jerusalem  Artichoke  and 

Kohl-rabi  all  the  root  crops 

Celery 

Production  of  Beet  Seed 

Those  roots  which  were  selected  according  to  the  ideas  expressed 
in  the  general  methods  of  procedure  are  harvested  in  the  fall  with  the 
main  crop.  After  the  roots  are  pulled,  the  tops  may  either  be  twisted 
or  cut  off,  care  being  taken  not  to  injure  the  central  bud,  which  if 
hurt  or  destroyed  may  not  produce  seed  as  well  as  it  otherwise  would. 
The  roots  are  then  stored  by  burying  them  in  the  ground  out  of  the 
reach  of  frost. 

In  April,  the  roots  are  taken  out  of  storage  and  transplanted  into 
a  rich  soil,  placing  them  in  rows  about  three  feet  apart  with  the  roots 
two  feet  apart  in  the  row,  and  deep  enough  to  entirely  cover  the  root. 
When  setting  out,  do  not  break  off  the  tender  sprouts.  Cultivate  and 
keep  free  from  weeds,  finally  ridging  up  to  the  rows  to  help  support 
the  seed  stalks,  unless  each  plant  is  to  be  staked  for  support. 

The  seeds  are  produced  on  the  numerous  branches  from  the  main 
stalk,  and  are  firmly  attached.  The  large  seed  is  produced  near  the 
base  of  the  branches,  and  the  seed  gradually  becomes  smaller  near  the 
tips.  Hereafter,  by  pinching  off  the  tips  of  these  shoots,  when  the  seed 
is  forming,  it  has  a  tendency  to  increase  the  size  of  all  the  seed  pro- 
duced. 

When  about  two-thirds  of  the  seed  has  become  brown  and  par- 
tially dry,  on  any  of  the  seed  stalks,  such  stalks  are  cut  and  placed 
under  shelter.  After  the  seed  is  separated,  it  is  spread  out  thinly  to 
dry  for  about  two  weeks,  when  it  is  cleaned  and  stored. 

Beet  seed  will  retain  its  vitality  for  seven  years. 

Production  of  Cabbage  Seed 

Cabbage  seed  is  very  easy  to  grow  and  save.  The  usual  method  is 
to  select  the  most  desirable  plants  from  the  late  crop,  and  store  these 
over  winter  in  a  trench  with  the  roots  attached.  Those  plants  which 
are  immature  in  the  fall  will  keep  better  than  the  hard  heads;  however, 
it  frequently  happens  that  the  large,  hard  heads  are  the  most  desirable 
for  seed  purposes.  If  these  are  stored  over  winter,  it  will  probably  be 
necessary  to  cut  crosswise  in  the  surface  of  the  head,  the  following 


spring,  so  that  the  seed  stalk  will  not  be  prevented  from  normal 
development. 

Early  in  the  spring,  these  cabbage  plants  are  set  quite  deeply  in 
rows  three  feet  apart  and  two  feet  apart  in  the  row.  Clean  cultiva- 
tion is  given  and  along  in  early  summer,  when  the  pods  turn  yellow, 
but  before  they  are  dry,  the  seed  stalks  are  cut  off,  and  are  removed 
to  cover,  where  they  must  dry  quickly.  The  seed  is  easily  separated 
from  the  chaff. 

The  seed  will  retain  its  vitahty  five  years. 

Production  of  Carrot  Seed 

The  best  method  is  to  make  the  selection  in  the  fall  from  a  late 
sown  piece  of  carrots  so  that  yoimg,  healthy  roots  will  be  obtained. 
Uniformity  of  shape  and  color  are  very  desirable  features.  Break  off 
the  tops  so  as  not  to  injure  the  crown,  and  store  in  the  ground  out  of 
reach  of  freezing,  until  the  next  April.  Then  set  the  carrots  out  in 
rows  three  feet  apart  and  eighteen  inches  apart  in  the  row,  having  the 
crown  of  the  root  level  with  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Cultivate 
frequently  to  keep  down  weeds.  The  seeds  are  produced  in  flat  clusters 
at  the  extremities  of  the  branches  and  ripen  unevenly.  When  each 
cluster  of  seed  changes  to  a  brown  color,  and  the  branches  commence 
to  dry,  the  heads  must  be  cut  off  with  a  pair  of  shears,  spread  out  in  a 
place  to  thoroughly  dry,  after  which  the  seed  may  be  rubbed  off  of  the 
clusters  by  hand.  Rub  the  seed  through  a  small  sieve  to  remove  the 
coarse  material  and  tiny  sticks  from  it. 

Carrot  seed  retains  its  vitahty  two  years. 

Production  of  Celery  Seed 

The  selection  of  celery  plants  for  seed  production  is  made  later  in 
the  fall,  at  the  time  of  trenching.  The  plants  selected  must  be  vigor- 
ous growers  and  entirely  free  from  disease;  they  should  have  aU  of  the 
fine  quahties  desired,  such  as  large,  well  colored  foUage,  short,  stocky, 
and  sohd  stems,  with  a  well  filled  heart. 

The  selected  plants,  when  taken  from  the  trench  in  February  or 
March,  are  trimmed  by  breaking  off  all  of  the  outside  suckers  and 
cutting  away  about  two-fifths  (2/5)  of  the  tops  and  roots.  They  are 
then  transplanted  into  the  cold  frames  and  allowed  to  grow  slowly; 
the  frames  being  ventilated  as  weather  permits.  In  very  cold  weather, 
one  or  two  layers  of  mats  may  be  necessary  to  keep  out  the  frost. 

As  the  weather  becomes  warmer  in  the  spring,  the  mats  and  glass 
are  gradually  removed  as  weather  permits,  until  the  sashes  are  left 
off  entirely,  when  the  plants  will  send  up  their  seed  branches.  The  seed 


is  borne  in  flat  topped  clusters  and  does  not  ripen  all  at  one  time. 
When  the  majority  of  the  larger  seed  clusters  are  ripe,  or  when  the 
seed  begins  to  turn  yellow,  the  stalks  are  cut  off  and  tied  in  bimdles  of 
six  or  eight  stalks,  and  are  hung  up  over  a  tight  floor  or  over  canvas  in 
a  dry,  well  ventilated  shed  or  attic.  When  thoroughly  dry,  the 
bundles  are  taken  down  and  the  seed  clusters  are  either  broken  off  or 
rubbed  off  of  the  stalks.  Clean  the  seed  through  fine  sieves  the  same 
as  carrot  seed. 

Celery  seed  retains  its  vitaHty  five  years. 

Production  of  Cantaloupe,  Cucumber,  Pumpkin  and 
Squash  Seed 

The  most  desirable  cucumbers  are  long,  slender,  straight  and 
dark  green.  Those  showing  excessive  whiteness  and  especially  yellow 
streaks  before  they  are  fully  ripe  should  be  avoided.  A  heavier  crop 
of  seed  cucumbers  will  be  produced  if  the  first  few  fruits  are  cut  off 
the  veins. 

The  most  desirable  cantaloupes  for  seed  are  from  those  vines 
which  set  several  fruits  of  uniform  size  near  the  hill.  Good  netting  is  a 
desirable  feature  of  the  appearance  and  denotes  quahty. 

Squash  and  pumpkins  for  seed  purposes  should  be  well  colored  and 
should  be  heavy  for  their  size.  When  different  varieties  are  planted 
near  one  another,  they  will  cross-pollinate,  making  the  fruits  worthless 
for  seed  purposes. 

The  selected  specimens  are  cut  in  half  and  the  seed  scraped  out. 
The  wooden  containers  should  not  be  filled  more  than  half  fuU, 
because  when  the  seed  begins  to  ferment  the  volume  increases. 
They  should  be  allowed  to  ferment  a  day  or  two,  imtil  the  mucilagin- 
ous material  has  separated  from  the  seed;  then  the  mass  is  vigorously 
stirred  with  a  stick  and  more  water  is  added.  This  is  stirred  again, 
and  as  soon  as  the  good  seed  has  settled  to  the  bottom,  the  solution 
containing  the  pulp  and  light  seeds  is  gently  poured  off.  Fresh  water 
is  added  and  poured  off  until  nothing  but  the  good  seeds  remain.  Dry 
and  store. 

The  seed  retains  its  vitaHty  six  years. 

Production  of  Tomato  Seed 

The  tomatoes  are  allowed  to  become  thoroughly  ripe  on  the  plant 
before  picking.  After  they  are  gathered,  they  may  be  cut  in  half 
crossT;v'ise  and  the  seeds  squeezed  out.  By  this  method,  the  fresh  may 
be  saved  for  caiming,  and  those  tomatoes  which  have  too  many  seed 
cavities,  or  an  objectionable  core  may  be  eliminated.   Otherwise,  the 


whole  tomatoes  may  be  thrown  into  tubs,  or  tight  barrels,  and  be 
crushed  to  a  fine  pulp.    Proceed  to  separate  the  seed  in  the  same 
manner  as  for  cantaloupes,  cucumbers,  etc.  Dry  and  store. 
The  seed  will  retain  its  vitahty  six  years. 

Production  of  Lettuce  Seed 

Lettuce  seed  is  produced  to  best  advantage  from  the  early  spring 
crop.  When  the  seed  stalks  of  a  few  especially  fine  plants  have 
developed,  they  should  be  tied  loosely  to  a  stake  to  prevent  them  from 
falling  to  the  ground.  As  lettuce  seed  ripens  very  unevenly,  and  as 
the  first  and  best  seeds  are  apt  to  be  lost,  the  stalks  should  be  cut  when 
about  sixty  per  cent  (60%)  of  the  first  seeds  are  fully  developed,  even 
if  the  stalks  contain  some  blossoms.  When  the  white  beard  on  the 
first  blossoms  turns  brown,  the  stalks  should  be  gathered.  The  sap  in 
the  stems  will  complete  the  development  of  the  seed.  Some  stalks  will 
be  ready  to  cut  a  week  or  two  before  the  others  are  ready.  These  seed 
stalks  are  tied  in  bundles  and  hung  up  under  shelter,  so  that  they  will 
quickly  dry  out.  Seed  may  be  separated  from  the  seed  clusters  by 
rubbing  them  out  by  hand.  A  good  way  of  cleaning  the  seed  is  to  put 
it  into  a  bucket  of  water,  the  good  seeds  will  settle  to  the  bottom,  and 
the  worthless  seed  and  straw  will  float  and  can  be  poured  off.  The 
heavy  seeds  should  be  thoroughly  dried  at  once  before  germination 
starts. 

The  seed  will  retain  its  vitality  three  years. 

Production  of  Spinach  Seed 

Spinach  seed  produced  from  wintered  over  plants  is  to  be  pre- 
ferred; however,  a  fairly  good  yield  of  good  seeds  may  be  obtained 
from  plants  started  early  in  the  spring. 

Plants  grown  for  seed  purposes  are  thinned  to  stand  about  four  or 
five  inches  apart  in  the  row.  Late  in  the  spring,  they  send  up  their 
seed  stem.  As  there  are  male  and  female  plants,  the  seeds  will  be 
produced  only  on  the  female  plants;  the  male  plants  producing  pollen 
to  fertiUze  the  blossoms  on  the  female  plants.  Both  sorts  of  plants 
grown  near  each  other  are  essential  for  the  production  of  seed. 

When  the  majority  of  seed  is  properly  developed,  or  when  it  begins 
to  change  from  a  green  to  a  brown  and  the  leaves  are  dying,  the  stalks 
are  either  cut  or  pulled,  and  laid  in  windows  for  a  day  or  two  to  dry. 
Treat  the  seed  the  same  as  the  other  fine  seeds;  that  is,  by  rubbing 
through  a  sieve. 

The  seed  will  retain  its  vitality  for  three  years. 


Production  of  Onion  Seed 

The  onions  selected  for  seed  purposes  are  stored  in  crates,  or  trays, 
and  are  placed  under  cover  to  thoroughly  dry  before  freezing  weather 
sets  in.  They  are  then  stored  for  winter  where  both  ventilation  and 
temperature  (33°  to  36°)  can  be  controlled.  The  selected  bulbs 
should  be  of  medium  size,  shape,  and  good  color. 

In  the  spring,  the  seed  bed  is  prepared  as  soon  as  possible.  The 
bulbs  are  set  out  in  rows  two  and  one-half  to  three  and  one-half  feet 
apart,  six  to  eight  inches  apart  in  the  row,  and  about  four  inches  deep, 
so  as  to  entirely  cover  the  bulb.  As  growth  proceeds,  the  soil  is  gradu- 
ally drawn  around  the  stem  to  help  support  the  seed  stalk  when  the 
seed  ball  forms.  When  the  inside  of  the  seed  grain  has  reached  a 
dough  stage  or  just  before  the  first  formed  seeds  begin  to  shatter  in 
handling,  the  heads  are  cut  off,  leaving  from  two  to  six  inches  of  the 
stem  attached.  They  are  then  spread  out  on  a  tight  floor  to  dry.  The 
seed  shatters  easily  and  must  be  prevented  from  being  lost.  An  excel- 
lent method  for  drying  the  seed  balls  is  to  place  them  in  a  clean  bag  of 
any  kind.  Tie  this  bag  with  a  string  around  the  top  so  that  the  mate- 
rial in  the  bag  may  be  spread  out  thinly.  Hang  out  in  the  sun  so  that 
the  seed  heads  will  dry  quickly  but  the  seed  cannot  be  lost. 

The  seed  is  good  for  one  year.  Seed  two  years  old  germinates 
poorly. 

Production  of  Sweet  Corn  Seed 

In  growing  sweet  corn  it  must  be  remembered  that  each  plant 
produces  pollen  in  its  tassels.  This  powdery  material  floats  through 
the  air  and  falls  upon  the  corn  silk  making  it  possible  for  the  kernels  to 
develop  on  the  cob.  When  these  kernels  are  used  as  seed,  the  product 
will  bear  resemblance  to  the  plant  on  which  the  ear  is  produced  and  to 
the  plant  from  which  the  pollen  came.  Since  this  pollen  will  float 
through  the  air  for  nearly  a  thousand  feet,  it  is  necessary  to  have  just 
one  variety  pollinating  at  one  time,  within  a  thousand  feet  of  the 
stalks  which  carry  the  seed  ears. 

The  earlier  in  the  season  the  seed  is  produced,  the  longer  time  it 
will  have  to  thoroughly  ripen  in  the  stalks.  As  the  corn  approaches  the 
eating  stage,  the  most  desirable  ears,  which  are  carried  on  medium 
sized  stalks  for  the  variety,  are  marked  for  seed  purposes. 

When  the  seed  stalks  have  nearly  dried  up,  the  corn  will  have 
become  pretty  well  hardened.  The  corn  may  be  husked  standing  and 
the  ears  spread  out  singly  to  thoroughly  dry  in  a  warm,  dry  place. 
Frequently,  the  ears  are  picked  and  the  husks  are  peeled  back.  These 
husks  are  tied  in  bunches  of  a  dozen  ears,  and  these  are  hung  in  the 


air  over  a  horizontal  wire.  If  the  seed  is  thoroughly  dried  before  frost, 
freezing  will  not  hurt  it.  However,  during  the  winter,  it  is  desirable  to 
get  it  shelled  ready  for  spring  planting. 

When  sheUing  discard  all  undesirable  tip  and  butt  end  seeds. 
Place  the  best  ears  in  one  lot  and  the  poor  ones  in  another.  Shell  them 
off  and  use  the  desirable  seed  for  your  regular  plantings  and  save  the 
second-grade  seed  for  chicken  feed. 

Home  grown  sweet  corn  seed  will  come  up  well  even  under  adverse 
conditions. 

It  retains  its  vitality  two  or  possibly  three  years. 

Mrs.  N.  C.  McPherson. 

Short  Hills  Garden  Club. 


Carpe  Diem 

If  this  were  my  last  day  I'm  almost  sure 

I'd  spend  it  working  in  my  garden.     I 

Would  dig  around  my  Kttle  plants  and  try 

To  make  them  happy,  so  they  would  endure 

Long  after  me.     Then  I  would  hide  secure 

Where  my  green  arbor  shades  me  from  the  sky, 

And  watch  how  bird  and  bee  and  butterfly 

Came  hovering  to  every  flowery  lure. 

Then,  as  I  rested,  'haps  a  friend  or  two, 

Lovers  of  flowers,  would  come,  and  we  would  walk 

About  my  little  garden-paths,  and  talk 

Of  peaceful  times,  when  all  the  world  seemed  true. 

This  may  be  my  last  day,  for  all  I  know: 

What  a  temptation  just  to  spend  it  so! 

Anchusa. 
Reprinted  from  The  Chicago  Tribune. 


Flowers  and  the  War 

Since  America's  entry  into  the  war,  much  has  been  written  about 
the  state  of  mind  in  which  our  men  will  find  themselves  wheUi.they 
return  in  peace,  the  excitement,  the  danger,  the  hardships  over. 

Some  think  they  will  with  difl&culty  return  to  a  normal  and  gen- 
erally uneventful  Hfe.  One  writer  has  it  that  we  can  so  little  imagine 
their  experiences  and  they  can  so  little  describe  them  that  we  shall 
henceforth  walk  together  as  strangers;  live  with  ghosts,  the  outward 
semblance  only  left  of  the  men  who  marched  away. 


But  it  seems  saner  and  more  reasonable  to  expect,  the  need  for 
superhuman  effort  and  heroic  strain  being  over,  that  the  normal  life 
will  assert  its  supremacy.  The  strength  of  association  and  the  power 
of  habit  will  pull  the  human  being  back  to  everyday  life  with  but  a 
short  period  of  restlessness  and  readjustment.  Small  daily  needs  of 
home  or  neighborhood  will  call,  with  insistent  voice,  the  man  who  has 
been  deafened  by  shells;  peace  and  monotony  in  the  daily  round  will 
be  immense  relief  from  battle,  murder,  and  sudden  death;  and  the 
fight  to  preserve  Ufe  wiU  be  waged  with  fresh  zeal  by  the  thousands 
who  have  stood  ready  to  offer  the  supreme  sacrifice  of  Hfe,  Hberty, 
and  the  piursuit  of  happiness. 

Between  this  desirable  future  and  the  difficult  present  hes,  for 
many  of  our  soldiers  and  sailors,  a  sad  but  inevitable  stage.  We  shall 
have  among  us  in  ever  increasing  numbers  men  who  have  become  as 
httle  children,  helpless  and  unable  to  plan  the  next  step.  They  have 
given  enthusiasm  and  energy,  their  careers  perhaps,  and  their  futures 
to  a  great  cause;  but  for  the  time  being  they  are  not  heroes  nor  are 
they  in  the  familiar  surrounding  whence  they  came.  They  are  suffer- 
ing, lonely,  apprehensive,  discouraged,  wounded,  possibly  maimed. 

What  shaU  we  give  them?  The  most  skillful  medical  and  surgical 
treatment  in  the  world?  That  at  least.  The  care  of  tender  and 
devoted  women?  Only  too  gladly.  Safe  and  soothing  bandages,  clean 
clothing,  soft  pillows?  Many  thousands  of  deft  fingers  answer  that 
question  every  hour  of  every  day  across  this  wide  land. 

What  more  then  can  we  offer  these  men  as  a  reminder  of  the  every- 
day life  of  home,  a  diversion  from  present  pain,  an  assurance  that  there 
will  be  beauty  in  the  work-a-day  Hfe  of  times  of  peace? 

There  is  a  simple  panacea  that  holds  inexpHcable  relief  and  power 
to  sooth  that  can  lift  thoughts  back  to  hours  of  pleasure  and  arouse 
poignant  memories.  Not  a  man  living  but  has  been  transported  to 
fields  and  gardens  of  childhood  by  the  sight  and  scent  of  a  flower,  and 
resting  there  has  felt  again  the  blessed  safety  of  the  surrounding  walls 
of  home. 

"A  boy  who  ran,  a  boy  who  dreamed, 
In  April  sun  and  rain ; 
Who  knew  all  good  was  happiness 
And  only  evil  pain." 

A  secretary  of  the  Red  Cross,  asked  recently  whether  he  considered 
flowers  helpful  to  the  recovery  of  a  sick  soldier,  answered  briefly, 
"To  every  man  a  flower  is  always  home." 

Doctors  in  charge  of  these  woimded  boys  say,  "  Flowers  are  more 
valuable  than  tonic,  especially  when  homesickness  is  added  to  all  the 


other  troubles.  The  men  crave  them  and  are  more  appreciative  of 
them  than  of  cigarettes  and  deHcacies."  These  statements  remove  the 
appeal  we  make  to  a  higher  plane  than  that  of  mere  emotion  and  render 
a  new  form  of  service  not  only  desirable  but  advisable. 

Not  long  since,  the  Society  of  American  Florists  offered  to  collect 
daily  and  give  their  surplus  flowers  in  New  York,  if  arrangements  could 
be  made  to  distribute  them,  to  the  war  hospitals.  The  National  League 
for  Women's  Service  undertook  the  work  of  distribution  and  plan  to 
extend  this  service  through  the  United  States  for  the  duration  of  the 
war.  An  appeal  has  been  sent  to  florists  in  seven  hundred  cities  and 
towns  where  the  National  League  has  branches. 

At  the  present  time  this  work  is  being  carried  on  principally  in 
New  York  where  the  majority  of  the  newly  arrived  woimded  are 
being  cared  for.  There  are  many  parts  of  the  country  that  the  National 
League  does  not  reach  and  many  where  additional  contributions  will 
be  needed.  Certainly  it  is  fitting  that  the  work  should  be  taken  up  by 
The  Garden  Club  of  America,  and  this  appeal  to  non-professional 
gardeners  is  made  to  forestall  the  closing  of  private  greenhouses  and 
the  abandonment  of  flower-cultivation  during  the  winter. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war,  the  hasty  cry  arose  among  Garden 
Club  members,  "Let  us  abandon  flower  gardens  and  greenhouses. 
War  is  stern  and  deals  not  with  such  beautiful  trifles.  War  is  costly 
and  we  need  guns  and  food."  Many  a  patriotic  flower-lover  has  with 
natural  regret  admitted  that  this  was  true. 

But  it  is  not  all  the  truth.  Of  late  saner  thought  and  wider  knowl- 
edge are  leading  us  to  a  different  conclusion  and  we  are  now  authorized 
as  flower  lovers  and  producers  to  substitute  practical  service  for  unne- 
cessary sacrifice.  Our  maturer  decision  should  be,  "Here  I  have  an 
asset,  a  possession  of  definite  use  to  my  coimtry.  Because  war  is 
•  stern,  I  will  find  a  way  to  mitigate  even  in  slight  measure  its  evil 
effects.  Because  war  is  costly  I  will  aid  in  bringing  health  and  hope  to 
at  least  one  of  those  whom  war  has  wasted  and  thrown  aside." 

The  United  States  Fuel  Administration  wiU  allow  small  green- 
houses using  less  than  forty  tons  of  coal  to  run  at  full  capacity,  and 
larger  houses  may  use  fifty  per  cent  of  the  amount  consumed  last 
year.  So  plans  may  be  safely  made  for  intensive  growing  of  hardy 
flowers  for  cutting,  and  costly  plants  may  be  saved. 

Every  community,  club,  and  individual  to  which  this  patriotic 
service  is  possible  must  work  out  a  practical  plan  to  satisfy  the  in- 
creasing demand.  For  as  the  months  pass  and  hospitals  multiply,  the 
tragic  misery  that  follows  in  the  wake  of  war  is  coming  nearer  home. 

And  when  the  gray  winter  shuts  down  on  those  who  have  returned 
and  will  return  from  that  grim  battle  front,  shall  not  some  of  us  be 


ready  with  the  flowers  that  "  stand  for  home,"  that  speak  of  hope  and 
give  assurance  of  the  common  hfe  of  peace  to  which  in  God's  good 
time  we  and  they  shall  day  by  day  awake? 

Mildred  C.  Prince. 
Short  Hills  Garden  Club. 


All,  All  Are  Gone 

I  had  Spiraea,  rows  and  rows  of  TuHp, 
Hyacinthus,  Currant,  Deutzia,  and  Snowball; 
All,  all  are  gone,  the  old  famihar  faces. 

I  had  been  planting,  I  had  been  transplanting, 
Digging  late,  watering  late.  Lilac  and  Viburnum; 
All,  all  are  gone,  the  old  familiar  faces. 
I  loved  a  Quince  (Cydonia  Japonica) ; 
She  and  Narcissus  were  the  first  to  go; 
All,  all  are  gone,  the  old  famiUar  faces. 

GhostUke,  I  pace  round  the  haunts  of  my  garden; 
Earth  seems  a  desert  I  am  bound  to  traverse, 
Seeking  to  find  the  old  famihar  faces. 

LiHes  of  the  Valley,  lovely  Forsythia, 
Merry  MagnoHa,  dear  Doronicum  — 
All,  all  are  gone,  the  whole  blooming  catalogue. 


The  Summer's  Work 

on  the  Illinois  Training  Farm 

for  Women 

The  Ilhnois  Training  Farm  of  the  Woman's  Land  Army  is  no 
longer  a  dream  in  the  minds  of  a  few  women,  nor  is  it  a  mere  plan 
on  paper.  At  the  present  moment  there  are  forty- two  active,  en- 
thusiastic young  women  who  are  doing  actual  man's  work  in  a  man's 
way  on  the  land,  and  plans  for  next  year  are  spoken  of  as  a  matter 
of  course.  The  Illinois  Branch  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense 
has  undertaken  to  back  the  Liberty  Farms,  and  the  scope  of  the 
work  is  spreading  and  increasing  daily. 

It  is  difl&cult  to  choose  which  of  the  various  farm  activities  to 
dwell  upon  at  length.    To  see  the  young  women  mowing  the  hay, 


pitching  it  onto  the  wagon  and  driving  it  up  to  the  barn  where  it  is 
hoisted  into  the  loft  in  workmanhke  manner  is  perhaps  to  see  the 
most  spectacular  and  picturesque  work  that  is  being  done  at  present, 
but  it  is  by  no  means  the  hardest.  The  lessons  in  actual  farm- 
drainage  under  Mr,  Wm.  Hibbard,  entail  hardest  sort  of  manual 
labor,  digging  out  in  the  hot  sun  in  heavy  muckish  soil,  but  our 
girls  do  not  flinch  at  it. 

They  bring  pluck  and  enthusiasm  to  bear  upon  the  hoeing  in  the 
truck  gardens,  and  gather  and  bring  in  the  vegetables  for  home 
consumption,  and  have  already  begun  canning  the  surplus  product 
imder  the  able  supervision  of  Mrs.  Morse,  the  Housemother,  who 
gives  simple  talks  on  domestic  science,  explaining  the  theory  of  the 
work  while  putting  it  in  practical  application. 

The  dairy  girls  attend  to  milking  the  cows,  weighing  the  milk, 
keeping  records  of  each  cow's  milk  output,  and  shipping  the  milk, 
except  what  is  used  on  the  farm.  The  poultry  girls  are  showing 
good  results  in  the  care  of  the  chickens,  and  it  is  planned  to  extend 
and  amphfy  the  dairy,  poultry,  and  truck-raising  activities,  as  our 
experience  seems  to  indicate  that  women  are  pecuHarly  fitted  for 
these  special  hnes. 

Nevertheless  the  farm  superintendent,  Miss  Blanche  Corwin,  is 
giving  the  girls  instruction  and  practice  in  the  larger  farm  activities. 
They  are  learning  to  handle  farm  machinery  of  all  sorts  as  fast  as 
the  committee  is  able  to  procure  such  machinery.  We  had  a  tractor 
lent  to  us  at  the  opening  of  the  season,  and  eight  girls  learned  to 
handle  it  efficiently,  and  we  are  planning  soon  to  buy  a  tractor  of  our 
own,  as  here  in  the  mid-west  our  farm  problem  is  one  of  large 
acreage.  The  students  are  taught  to  handle  the  hoe,  rake,  wheel- 
cultivator,  and  all  the  regulation  smaller  agricultural  implements, 
but  to  be  of  service  on  the  farms  of  the  middle-west  they  must  be 
able  to  use  the  tractor,  and  to  manage  farm  horses,  and  large  imple- 
ments. They  have  had  experience  in  ploughing,  discing,  raking, 
dragging,  etc.  with  horse  power,  and  show  reasonable  aptitude, 
quite  as  much  aptitude  as  boys  of  similar  inexperience  would  show. 

We  have  been  fortunate  in  securing  an  assistant.  Miss  Ahem, 
who  is  an  enthusiast  in  truck  gardening,  and  at  present  the  engaging 
of  a  special  teacher  in  dairying  and  animal  husbandry  is  contem- 
plated. Incidentally  the  girls  are  learning  simple  carpentry,  such  as 
is  constantly  necessary  on  any  farm,  and  they  are  learning  daily  to 
meet  the  emergencies  that  farm-life  brings.  For  this  reason  every- 
thing is  being  done  simply,  and  no  luxurious  ideas  are  being  indulged. 
The  girls  sleep  on  simple  army  cots,  some  in  tents,  some  in  the  barn, 
where  the  horse  stalls  have  been  turned  into  comfortable  httle  cells, 


and  some  in  the  farm  house.  All  arrangements  are  planned  as  nearly 
as  possible  to  reproduce  the  conditions,  not  of  some  magnificent 
farm  de  luxe  where  unlimited  time  and  money  have  been  spent  on 
the  equipment,  but  of  the  average  farm  with  fairly  primitive  arrange- 
ments, for  it  seems  to  be  generally  conceded  that  the  modern  farmer 
spends  money  on  his  barn,  machinery  and  "critters"  first,  but  on 
plumbing,  Hghting,  and  things  which  ease  the  domestic  machinery 
only  when  the  account  sheet  shows  a  comfortable  balance  on  the 
credit  side.  It  is  because  of  this  that  the  domestic  science  teacher 
and  the  girls  who  take,  each  of  them,  a  fortnight's  turn  at  the  kitchen 
and  housework,  are  taught  to  use  coal,  kerosene  and  wood  stoves,  the 
care  of  lamps,  and  even  learn  how  to  make  cistern  water  safe  and 
usable  if  there  is  a  temporary  breakdown  in  the  pump. 

The  farm  is  fortunate  in  having  an  artesian  well  on  the  premises, 
and  several  of  the  girls  are  competent  to  manage  the  Httle  engine  which 
fills  the  tank  on  the  roof.  The  comfort  of  the  shower  baths  in  the 
basement  is  so  greatly  appreciated  by  the  workers  that  the  filling  of 
the  tank  is  usually  one  of  the  jobs  of  which  the  girls  need  no  reminder. 

After  the  midday  meal  (which  is  dinner,  in  true  farm  fashion)  the 
girls  have  time  for  rest  and  recreation,  and  often  at  this  hour  they 
have  lectures  by  speciahsts  in  various  agricultural  and  gardening 
topics.  The  girls  are  encouraged  to  take  copious  notes,  and  will 
receive  credits  on  this  work  as  well  as  on  the  practical  outdoor  em- 
ployments. One  of  the  scholarships,  recently  started  by  the  Woman's 
Farm  and  Garden  Association,  at  a  conference  of  some  of  the  Land 
Army  members  at  Mrs.  Francis  King's,  in  Alma,  Michigan,  is  to  be 
offered  as  a  prize.  These  scholarships  are  for  short  agricultural  courses 
at  some  reliable  college,  to  supplement  during  the  winter  months 
what  the  student  has  learned  at  the  farm. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  aim  of  the  Training  Farm  is 
not  merely  to  train  farmerettes,  but  to  prepare  leaders,  young  officers 
who  will  be  ready  to  manage  units  of  less  skilled  workers  in  the 
summer  of  1919.  To  get  the  girls  used  to  working  in  group  squads, 
they  are  allowed  to  work,  from  time  to  time  on  nearby  farms  and 
estates,  haying,  weeding,  berry-picking,  etc.  In  this  way  they  also 
learn  adaptabihty  to  other  conditions  besides  those  under  which 
they  are  trained. 

This  report  may  soimd  rather  formidable,  as  though  all  work 
and  no  play  might  make  Jill  a  very  dull  girl  indeed,  but  the  visitor 
to  the  farm  will  hear  plenty  of  laughter,  and  fun,  and  an  occasional 
outburst  of  some  popular  song  to  which  local  words  and  allusions 
have  been  added  by  some  of  the  students.  She  will  hear  the  same 
sort  of  good-natured  raiUery  and  chaff  that  goes  on  in  a  camp  of 


young  men,  modified  by  feminine  humor,  and  feminine  terminology! 

So  far  no  standard  uniform  has  been  adopted.  Most  of  the  girls 
wear  the  simple  blue  jean  overalls  of  their  farmer  brothers,  and  it  is 
more  becoming  and  more  modest  than  most  of  the  rather  amorphous- 
looking  uniforms  that  the  market  offers.  Nor  is  there  any  silly  self- 
consciousness  shown  in  the  change  of  apparel.  A  man's  job,  vvith 
machinery,  mud,  manure,  and  all  sorts  of  minor  splashings  of  oil, 
chemicals,  etc.  necessitates  a  cheap  and  simple  mode  of  dressing. 
If  a  uniform  could  be  devised  which  would  be  all  these  things  and 
natty  and  becoming  as  well,  it  would  be  greeted  with  enthusiasm. 
Girls  aren't  going  to  lose  their  natural  desire  to  look  attractive,  nor 
should  they  be  criticised  for  this  desire.  (Who  of  us  has  not  rejoiced 
in  the  naive  pleasure  our  young  soldiers  and  sailors  take  in  their 
imiforms?) 

For  the  benefit  of  those  readers  of  the  Bulletin  who  may  not 
have  read  the  first  article  on  the  farm,  a  word  as  to  its  location. 
It  is  about  thirty-eight  miles  from  Chicago,  three  and  a  half  miles 
from  Libertyville,  IlHnois,  in  a  typical  farming  district.  It  is  well 
situated,  on  high  ground,  has  high  and  low  land,  and  varying  soil 
conditions,  thus  offering  varied  experience  in  crop  raising.  It  consists 
of  147  acres,  and  has  been  loaned  to  us  for  three  years  by  Dr.  Ames, 
who  also  loans  the  17  cows,  and  buU,  and  200  chickens,  and  has 
been  more  then  generous  in  other  gifts. 

We  are  making  history  so  fast  that  the  farm  actually  changes  from 
week  to  week,  and  the  usefulness  of  the  students  seems  to  grow  almost 
hour  by  hour.  It  is  hoped  soon  to  have  regular  hours  for  visitors,  but 
just  now  rather  stringent  rules  govern  this,  as  the  work  would  suffer 
constant  interruption,  but  before  long  the  committee  in  charge  hopes 
to  be  able  to  say,  hospitably,  to  those  interested,  "Come,  and  see 
for  yourself." 

Anne  Higginson  Spicer. 
Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Training  Farm. 

Garden  Club  of  Illinois 

Report  of  the 

Committee  on  Trade  Relations 

The  Committee  on  Trade  Relations  is  glad  to  be  able  to  report 
that  many  nurserymen  have  cordially  responded  to  our  questionaire 
and  are  eager  for  further  co-operation  in  eliminating  graft,  bribes  and 
commissions.  As  one  of  them  writes  me,  "Very  many  simply  call  it 
'commissions'  to  ease  their  consciences." 

Will  not  each  individual  Club  in  our  association  take  action  in 


the  matter  and  report  to  me  to  what  extent  they  find  this  evil  still 
exists  and  what  means  they  have  taken  to  down  it?  We  should  hke 
to  add  to  our  lists  the  names  of  more  firms  who  are  opposed  to  graft 
and  of  those  who  continue  in  this  evil  practice. 

In  answer  to  the  question:  "Do  you  give  commissions,  gratuities 
or  presents  at  Christmas  or  other  times  to  professional  gardeners?" 
I  received  thirty-six  answers. 

Twenty-three  firms — F.  J.  Rice,  Glen  Bros.,  F.  H.  Horsford, 
W.  W.  Hunt  Co.,  Peter  Henderson,  The  Conard&  Jones  Co.,  Hoopes 
Bros.  &  Thomas,  Hobbs  &  Son,  Chase  Bros.,  Julius  Roehrs  Co., 
Joseph  Breck  Corporation,  I.  E.  Ilgenfritz  Sons  Co.,  Storrs  &  Harrison 
Co.,  The  Chase  Nursery  Co.,  The  W.  H.  Moon  Co.,  B.  H.  Tracy, 
Wyomissing  Nurseries,  W.  Atlee  Burpee,  Leesly  Bros.,  Childs  Bros., 
Fraser  Nursery  Co.,  W.  &  T.  Smith  Co.,  American  Forestry  Co. — 
rephed  briefly  in  the  negative. 

Three  firms  gave  less  positive  answers  as  follows: 
C.  W.  Stewart,  Newark. 

"Why  do  the  employers  of  professional  gardeners  employ  the 
caHber  of  men  that  frequently  expect  commissions,  gratuities  or 
presents?" 
The  Elm  City  Nursery  Co.,  New  Haven. 

"  We  do  not  encourage  sales  by  commissions,  gratuities  or  presents 
to  professional  gardeners,  though  there  have  been  some  exceptions 
to  this  rule.  This  is  a  'hard  nut  to  crack'  for  the  merchant." 
The  Bay  State  Nurseries,  North  Abington. 

"We  give  no  commissions,  gratuities  or  Christmas  presents  in 
order  to  secure  orders.  Our  business  is  conducted  on  straight  fines 
as  far  as  we  know  how  to  do  it." 

Replies  from  ten  other  nurserymen  who  have  gone  into  the 
question  more  in  detail  and  heartily  condemn  the  practice  of  paying 
commissions  are  given  in  full.  They  show  that  this  form  of  corrup- 
tion injures  the  dealer,  the  employer  and  the  employees,  and  that 
where  it  has  become  prevalent  both  in  this  country  and  in  England 
it  has  been  forbidden  by  law. 
H.  P.  Kelsey,  Salem,  Mass. 

"I  have  never  yet  given  a  commission,  gratuity  or  other  con- 
sideration whatever  to  any  gardener,  superintendent  or  other 
employee  but  have  been  working  for  many  years  to  have  concerted 
action  among  all  the  trade  to  eliminate  this  pernicious  practice.  A 
great  difficulty  comes  in  the  winking  at  this  process  by  the  customer. 
The  nurseryman  who  does  not  give  commissions  is  at  best  under 
great  disadvantage,  for  most  gardeners  who  accept  commissions 
sooner  or  later  will  neglect  stock  purchased  from  such  nurserymen 


and  on  the  other  hand  will  take  good  care  of  stock  from  nurserymen 

who  give  such  gratuities  or  graft," 

New  England  Nurseries  Co.,  Bedford,  Mass. 

"  We  positively  do  not  and  would  refuse  to  do  business  rather  than 
stoop  to  this  practice.    Gardeners  open  to  this  form  of  bribery  are 
undesirable  as  customers  as  well  as  employees." 
Cherry  Hill  Nurseries,  West  Newbury,  Mass. 

"We  have  never  nor  do  we  ever  expect  to  give  any  commission, 
gratuity  or  present  to  gardeners  as  we  believe  it  is  a  pernicious 
practice  both  from  a  moral  and  business  point  of  view.  Merely  from 
the  business  point  of  view  the  gardener  is  shopping  arouftd  to  find 
where  he  can  get  the  biggest  discoimt,  and  it  is  only  a  question  of 
time  until  he  finds  some  dealer  who  will  make  a  larger  discount 
than  the  one  which  he  has  previously  been  getting.  This  must  finally 
come  from  the  owner  of  the  estate  who  pays  the  bills  and  he  either 
pays  more  for  his  stock  or  gets  a  poorer  grade. 
A.  N.  Pier  son,  Cromwell,  Connecticut. 

"We  do  not  give  commissions  or  gratuities  to  anyone.  We  have 
never  done  so,  although  we  realize  that  we  have  lost  a  great  deal  of 
business  by  not  allowing  the  customary  lo  per  cent  graft  to  profes- 
sional gardeners.  We  have  never  transgressed  in  this.  We  do  not 
beHeve  in  it  and  prefer  to  lose  business  rather  than  to  get  it  in  what 
we  consider  a  dishonest  manner.  The  giving  of  gratuities  by  any 
concern  is  against  the  laws  of  the  United  States.  The  Federal  Board 
of  Trade  at  Washington  has  recently  prosecuted  practically  the  entire 
paint  industry  on  the  grounds  of  unfair  competition  and  unfair 
business  methods.  We  have  no  desire  to  lay  ourselves  Uable  to  such 
prosecution." 
Princeton  Nurseries,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

"No;  in  the  first  place  because  we  do  no  business  with  gardeners 
or  their  employers.  We  sell  to  nurserymen  only.  I  have  been  in  the 
wholesale  business  for  fifteen  years,  and  in  all  my  time  I  never  gave 
or  heard  of  any  other  seller  giving  any  commission  or  present  of 
any  sort  to  any  buyer  for  a  nursery  firm.  As  far  as  business  within 
the  trade  is  concerned,  such  a  thing  as  graft  is  unknown, — ^it  is  only 
very  recently  that  I  heard  of  its  being  practiced  in  the  retail  business. 
And  frankly  I  can  see  no  difference  between  the  man  who  takes 
graft  and  the  man  who  gives  it.  For  several  states,  I  beHeve,  there 
are  already  laws  covering  dishonest  practices  of  this  sort.  Such  a 
law  was  recently  passed  by  the  legislature  of  New  Jersey,  but  under 
a  misapprehension,  I  am  sure,  was  vetoed  by  Governor  Edge  as  class 
legislation.  You  are  aware,  doubtless,  that  in  England  there  are 
severe  penalties  for  the  giving  or  the  accepting  by  gardeners  or  other 


buyers  of  the  simplest  sort  of  presents  at  Christmas  or  other  times. 
We  should  have  the  same  severe  penalties  here." 
Glen  Brothers,  Inc.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

"We  should  like  to  emphasize  our  answer  to  question  No.  5: 
That  under  no  circumstance  will  we  permit  any  commission  or 
gratuity  of  any  character  to  professional  gardeners,  etc.    We  are 
aware  that  we  lose  business  on  account  of  this." 
Harrison's  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Maryland. 

"We  do  not  give  commissions,  gratuities  or  presents  at  Christmas 
or  any  other  time.   This  is  a  bad  practice  and  should  be  discontinued 
as  early  as  possible." 
H.  A.  Dreer,  Inc.,  Philadelphia. 

"We  give  no  commissions,  gratuities  or  presents  at  any  time  to 
professional  gardeners.    We  are  not  prepared  to  buy  trade  or  do 
business  in  that  way." 
The  Rhode  Island  Nurseries,  Newport,  R.  I. 

"I  do  not  give  any  commissions,  gratuities  or  presents  to  gar- 
deners. I  do  not  think  it  right  to  give  something  to  them  because 
it  will  not  give  us  any  profit  at  all;  or  again,  a  much  larger  price 
must  be  charged  to  the  cHent  to  cover  the  cost.  This  would  not  be 
fair  treatment  to  the  cHent  and  not  right  on  the  part  of  the  dealer." 

Mr.  William  Warner  Harper,  Andorra  Nurseries,  Philadelphia, 
is  emphatically  opposed  to  the  giving  of  commissions  and  calls 
attention  to  the  report  of  the  Federal  Commission  lurging  the  passage 
of  a  law  to  prevent  briberies  in  trade. 

Federal  Commission  is  Urging  Legislation  to  Prevent 
Bribery  in  Trade,  Stating  that  Commissions  are  Some- 
times   20    PER    CENT    OF    VaLUE    OF    THE     GoODS    SOLD. 

Washington,  May  16 — Enactment  of  "a  sufficient  law  striking 
at  the  unjustifiable  and  vicious  practises  of  commercial  bribery"  was 
urged  on  Congress  today  by  the  Federal  Trade  Commission. 

Every  person  participating  in  any  such  transaction  should  be 
reached  by  a  criminal  statute,  in  the  opinion  of  the  conunission, 
which  recounted  that  investigation  has  revealed  commercial  bribery 
to  be  general  throughout  many  industries.  Scores  of  complaints 
have  been  issued  against  firms  guilty  of  the  practice,  but  the  com- 
mission, having  no  criminal  jurisdiction,  has  been  unable  to  punish 
individuals,  and  has  had  to  deal  with  commercial  bribery  only  as 
an  unfair  method  of  competition. 

"It  should  be  noted"  says  the  commission,  "that  the  practice 
appears  to  have  been  most  general  on  the  part  of  concerns  in  intro- 
ducing the  goods  and  wares  to  German  firms." 


Added  Cost  to  Consumers 

The  Commission's  recommendations  said  in  part: — 

"These  bribes  take  the  form  of  commissions  for  alleged  services,  of 
money  and  gratuities  and  entertainments  of  various  sorts,  and  of 
loans — all  intended  to  influence  such  employes  in  the  choice  of  mate- 
rials. It  is  evident  that  this  inexcusable  added  cost  is  finally  passed 
on  to  the  consumers. 

"The  practice  is  one  which  has  been  condemned  alike  by  business 
men,  legislatures  and  courts,  including  among  the  business  men 
those  who  having  finally  resorted  to  it  in  self-defense  in  competing 
with  less  scrupulous  rivals  or  in  selling  to  concerns  whose  employers 
have  extorted  commissions  under  threats  to  destroy  or  disapprove 
goods  submitted  to  them  for  test. 

"Corrupt  employees  having  the  power  to  spoil  and  dis-approve 
materials,  have  been  able  to  bid  one  salesman  against  another  until 
in  many  cases  they  have  extorted  secret  commissions,  so  called,  as 
large  as  20  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  goods  sold. 

"Fourteen  States  have  statutes  striking  at  the  practice  and 
yet  it  tends  to  grow.  When  competition  crosses  State  Unes,  State 
statutes  with  respect  to  trade  practices  are  not  actively  enforced." 

Gifts  to  Members  of  Families 

"The  commission  feels  that  the  stamping  out  of  bribery  is  one 
necessary  step  to  the  preservation  of  free,  open,  and  fair  competition, 
and  to  that  end  respectfully  urges  that  such  legislation  should  prohibit 
not  only  the  giving  and  offering,  but  the  acceptance  and  solicitation 
of  any  gift  or  other  consideration  by  an  employe  as  an  inducement 
or  reward  for  doing  any  act  in  relation  to  his  employer's  affairs  or 
business,  or  for  showing  or  forbearing  to  show  favor  or  disfavor  to 
any  person  in  relation  to  his  principal's  or  employer's  affairs  or 
business. 

"  In  order  to  prevent  a  resort  to  a  common  method  of  corruption, 
it  is  recommended  that  the  law  should  also  prohibit  the  giving  of  any 
such  gifts  or  other  consideration  to  members  of  the  agent's  or 
employe's  family,  or  to  any  other  person  for  his  use  or  benefit,  direct 
or  indirect." 

Rose  Standish  Nichols, 
Chairman  of  Committee  on  Trade  Relations. 
July  26,  1918. 


A  Lesson 
to  the  Florists  at  Home 

With  the  German  guns  roaring  less  than  forty  miles  away  and  the 
tide  of  battle  sm-ging  backward  and  forward,  with  millions  of  men  en- 
gaged in  deadly  combat,  yet  with  every  confidence  in  ultimate  \dctory, 
35,000  French  Rose  lovers  witnessed  the  judging  at  the  annual  Rose 
competition  last  Sunday,  as  usual  at  this  time  in  each  year,  in  the 
City  of  Paris  Rose  Gardens  at  Bagatelle,  on  the  grounds  of  a  httle 
chateau  situated  in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  which  formerly  belonged  to 
Sir  Richard  Wallace,  by  whom  it  was  bequeathed  to  the  city  he  loved 
so  well. 

The  fact  that  the  Grand  Prix  was  awarded  to  Fred  Howard's 
distinctively  American-raised  Rose  must  be  taken  as  a  harbinger  of  the 
final  victory  which  the  American  troops  are  destined  to  so  thoroughly 
assist  in  winning  for  the  AUies. 

But  it  is  in  view  of  the  fact  of  the  great  calm  and  the  wonderful 
equipoise  of  the  people  that  a  Rose  Show  and  Rose  Judging  should  be 
carried  on  in  spite  of  all  the  en\dronments,  to  which  add  the  Gotha 
raids,  the  bombardment  by  the  long-range  guns,  and  the  undoubted 
presence  of  thousands  of  wounded  soldiers  among  them,  all  testifying 
to  the  great  war  now  at  the  height  of  its  intensity,  that  we  find  our  en- 
couragement. No  fitter  reply  could  be  given  to  the  bombastic  state- 
ments of  German  papers  which  assert  that  Paris  has  been  deserted 
by  its  inhabitants  in  panic-stricken  flight. 

From  The  American  Florist. 

Book  Reviews 

Home  Vegetable  Gardening  from  A  to  Z,  by  Adolph  Kruhm. 
(Doubleday  Page  &  Co.) 

With  this  httle  book  in  one  hand,  and  the  trusty  hoe  in  the  other, 
no  War  Gardener  should  speU  "failure"  on  his  records. 

Each  chapter  treats  separately  of  a  vegetable,  from  the  planting 
of  the  seeds  to  the  gathering  of  the  crop.  The  choice  of  varieties  is 
discussed,  and  methods  of  cultivation  appropriate  to  different  ch- 
mates  and  soils  are  described. 

It  is  profusely  illustrated  and  weU  edited,  so  that  a  subject  may  be 
looked  up  quickly.   Indeed  it  is  the  Handy  Book  of  the  hour. 

(This  book  was  briefly  noticed  in  an  earher  issue,  but  has  proved 
so  useful  that  the  repetition  is  valuable.) 

How  to  Grow  100  Bushels  of  Corn  per  Acre  on  Worn  Soil, 

by  William  C.  Smith.    (Stewart  Kidd  Co.,  Cinciimati.) 


This  book  is  not  a  new  one,  having  first  been  pubKshed  in  1910, 
and  is  now  in  its  second  edition;  but  it  reads  as  if  it  had  been  written  for 
the  emergency  of  19 18. 

Of  course  it  was  primarily  intended  for  the  great  Central  Corn 
Beh  farmers,  who  had  deserted  their  exhausted  soil  for  the  more 
alluring  city  —  thus  menacing  the  productiveness  of  our  country. 
But  farmers  North,  East,  South,  and  West  should  read  and  digest  the 
great  lesson  taught  of  re-vitahzing  the  soil  to  the  highest  fertihty. 
Even  the  smallest  War  Gardeners  will  better  understand  what  is 
going  on  luider  ground  when  the  seeds  are  sprouting,  if  they  would  but 
take  the  time  to  read  this  most  valuable  httle  book  —  especially  the 
chapter  of  Don't  Forgets. 

Bulletin  of  the  Pennsylvania  Dept.  of  Agri.,  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
Vol.  I,  No.  3,  May,  1918,  entitled  "  A  Handbook  of  Common  Garden 
Pests"  is  a  useful  pamphlet,  intended  for  the  amateur.  It  is  con- 
venient in  size  and  the  language  is  concise  and  clear.  Descriptions  are 
given,  with  illustrations,  and  methods  of  control  of  the  principal  insect 
pests  and  plant  diseases  that  attack  vegetables. 

Warrenton  Garden  Club  War  Receipts.  A  booklet  of  40  tried  war  receipts; 
sent  for  25  cents,  2  cents  additional  postage.  All  proceeds  to  go  to  the  Red 
Cross.     Address  Mrs.  Barrett,  Warrenton,  Virginia. 

Notes 

Occasionally  and  at  the  last  moment  advertising  copy  fails  to 
reach  the  Bulletin  and  an  advertising  space  is  left  free.  These  might 
very  well  be  used  to  advertise  the  war  activities  of  our  members,  and 
if  copy  not  to  exceed  fifty  words  is  sent  now  to  the  Editor  it  wiU  be 
used  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  Chicago  War  Gardens  Committee  is  justly  proud  of  the  fol- 
lowing report.  The  figures  are  approximate  but  not  overestimated. 

No.  of  Value  of 

Acres  Gardeners  Crop 

Home  Yard  Gardens 3,850       140,000        $2,800,000 

Vacant  Lot  Community  Gardens  774  8,422  673,760 

Children's  Gardens 206         90,000  55,620 

Approximate  Grand  Totals 4,830       238,422        $3,529,380 

Coming  Exhibitions 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. —  American  Gladiolus  Society;  annual  show  and 
convention,  probably  Aug.  14  to  17.  Madison  Cooper,  Calcium,  N.  Y., 
Secretary. 

New  York  City. —  American  Institute  and  Amer.  DahUa  Soc, 
exhibition  of  Dahhas,  Sept.  24  to  26;  Amer.  Inst,  and  Amer.  Chrysan- 
themum Soc,  'Mums,  Nov.  6  to  8.  W.  A.  Eagleson,  Secretary,  324 
W.  23d  St. 


^JP  TTT  T/-^pkKTTC    Is  the  beautiful   new  "^ 

.  liVjVjWlNlO    hardy  yellow  rose  from  , 

■MjL  China — blooms  2  weeks  ahead  ol  any  other  isL 

»|K  rose.    Ovir  beautifully  illustrated  catalog  »*• 

^ii  showing   Hugonis  and  17  other  roses  in  vli 

•J»  natural  colors,   will    be    gladly  sent  on  ■^^ 

v^  request.    Send  for  it  today.  . 

•^  THE  CONARD  &  JONES  CO.  ^ 

W,     West  Grove,  Pa.  Robert  Pyle,  Prea.     ^ 

READ  IN 

7"Ae  New  France 

What  France  Can  Do 

for  You 

AND 

What  You  Can  Do  for  Her 

$3  a  Year 

Holland  Bulbs  and 
Hardy  Perennials 

of  HIGH  QUALITY  and  choicest  varieties  for 
Fall  Planting. 

Let  Us  Send  a  Catalogue 

FRANKEN  BROTHERS 

Box  520  Deerfield,  lUinoii 

D  LJLiDiD  —  American  and  Imported 
Flower— SEEDS— Vegetable 

New  and  Rare  PLANTS 
VAUGHAN'S  SEED  STORE 

CHICAGO  (Catalog  Free)      NEW  YORK 

Lilium    myriophyllum 
'^Ae  Regal  Lily 

$12.00  per  dozen;  $90.00  per  100 
Fully  described  in  our  JJutumn  Catalogue 

R.  &  J.  FARQUHAR  &  CO. 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


ORDERS  for  the  WORLD  FAMOUS 
Peonies  from  the  CELEBRATED 
Havemeyer  Collection,  grown  under  his 
personal  supervision,  should  now  be 
placed  to  insure  delivery  for  planting 
next  September.  They  will  be  the  Pride 
of  your  Garden  for  a  Lifetime. 
Collection  of  100  finest  varieties, 
one  extra  strong  clump  of  each, 

for  total  of $500.00 

Collection  of  50  finest  varieties, 
one  extra  strong  clump  of  each, 

for  total  of 250.00 

Collection  of  23  fine  varieties, 
one  extra  strong  clump  of  each, 

for  total  of 130.00 

Collection  of  12  fine  varieties, 
one  extra  strong  clump  of  each, 
for  total  of 70.00 

JOHN  SCHEEPERS,  Inc. 

Flowerbulb  Specialists  2  Stone  Street,  New  York 

Maplewilde  Peony  Gardens 

We  offer  a  choice  selection  of  400  varieties  of 
PEONIES.  We  specialize  in  the  introductions 
of  Lemoine  and  Dessert  of  France  and  Kelway 
of  England  and  in  the  choicer  new  American 
varieties.  We  furnish  strong,  robust  specimens 
and  the  varieties  are  guaranteed  true  to  name. 

LYMAN  H.  HOYSRADT 

PINE  PLAINS  NEW  YORK 

CHESTER  JAY  HUNT 

MAYFAIR  LITTLE  FALLS.  N.  J. 

Spring-flowering  bulbs,  including  many  exclu- 
sive offerings  in  Tulips  and  Daffodils. 

The  Blue  Book  of  Bulbs  will  be  sent  you  on 
request. 


aa^Bnrahame 


Builders  of  Greenhouses  and  Conservatories 

New  York  Chicago 

42nd  St.  Bldg.         Continental  &  Commercial  Bk.  Bldg. 

Rochester  Cleveland 

29  Avondale  Park       1 36  Ramona  Ave. 

Toronto 

Royal  Bank  Bldg. 

Factories :  Irvington,  N._  Y.,  Des  Plaines,  111., 

St.  Catherine's,  Canada 


All  advertisements  endorsed  by  members  of  the  GARDEN   CLUB  OF  AMERICA 
In  -writing  to  yldvertisers  kindly  refer  to  the  Bulletin 


BeY 


our 


Needs 


What  They  May 

In  the  way  of  Plants. 
Whether  Evergreens, 
Shade  Trees,  Shrubs  or 
Hardy  Flowers  for  your 
grounds;  or  Ferns,  Palms 
or  Orchids  for  your  green- 
house— we  can  fill  your 
orders  with  the  kind  of 
healthy,  well  -  developed 
stock  that  will  be  in  keeping 
with  its  new  environment. 

Our  complete  catalog  you  are 
heartily  welcome  to. 

yjutiuy  "Rgrete^  Cor 

^     "At  the  Sign  of  The  Tree" 


Box  34 


Rutherford.  N.  J. 


BACK  NUMBERS  OF  THE 
BULLETIN 

Back  issues  of  the  Bulletin  and  extra  copies  of 
the  current  number  may  be  had  from  the  Editor 
for  ten  cents  each,  payable  in  stamps.  Nos.  10 
and  1 4  are  out  of  print.  A  few  copies  of  No.  23, 
containing  a  full  account  of  the  Unit  Plan  for 
Women  Agricultural  Workers,  may  be  had  for 
twenty-five  cents  each. 

DREER'S 
MIDSUMMER   CATALOG 

Offers  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  for  Summer 
planting;  also  Celery  and  Cabbage  Plants,  Potted 
Plants  of  Roses,  Hardy  Perennials,  Shrubbery, 
Decorative  Plants,  etc.,  and  Potted  Strawberry 
Plants  which  will  give  a  full  crop  next  year. 

A  Copu  Mailed  FREE  to  All  Applicants 

HENRY  A.  DREER 

714-716  Chestnut  Street       PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


OUR    NEW    BOOKLET 

PRIZE  WINNING  PEONIES  and  OTHER 
PERENNIALS,  fully  illustrated,  from  our  own 
fields,  will  help  you  SOLVE  YOUR  HORTICUL- 
TURAL  PROBLEMS  in  the  flower  garden.  We 
shall  also  be  pleased  to  send  with  it  our  GENEIRAL 
CATALOGUE  of  Roses.  Shrubs  and  bearingc- 
sized  Fruits. 

S.  G.  HARRIS 

Box  C.  TARRYTOWN.  N.  Y. 


ROCK    GARDENS 

Rockeries  are  one  of  the  most  beautiful  features 
of  gardening.  In  them  can  be  grown  the  exquisite 
alpine  plants  which  are  too  dainty  for  the  ordinary 
border. 

We  specieJize  in  the  choicest  of  these  plants,  as 
well  as  various  other  novelties. 

Send  for  Catalog 

WOLCOTT  NURSERIES,  Jackson,  Michigan 

Choice  and  Rare  Hard's  Plants 


OUR  new  rose. '  'Mrs.  Charles 
Bell,"  is  a  shell-pink  Radi- 
ance. It  has  a  wonderful  con- 
stitution. It  will  be  a  joy  to 
your  garden  as  Radiance  has 
been  and  is — as  RED  RADI- 
ANCE is  proving  to  be. 

We  grow  Roses  for  America 
and  for  the  folks  near  at  home; 
a  nursery  full  of  choice  Ever- 
greens, Shrubs  and  Trees.  We 
do  landscape  work  for  a  few 
good  people  each  season.  Our 
catalogue  is  larger  and  better 
than  ever.  We  want  a  few  addi- 
tional people  to  study  it  and  to 
know  our  stock  and  our  methods. 
Will  YOU  be  one?  A  post  card 
will  bring  it. 

A.  N.  PIERSON,  Inc. 

Cromwell  Gardens 
CROMWELL.  CONN, 


All  advertisements  endorsed  by  members  of  the  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  AMERICA 
In  writing  to  Jldoertisers  kindly  refer  to  the  Bulletin 


Bulletin  ot 


^be  (Barren  Club 


of  Hmerica 


November,  1919 


No.  I.  (New  Series) 


President 
MRS.  J.  WILLIS  MARTIN 

Chestnut  Hill,  Phtladelphla,  Pa. 

Treasurer 
MRS.  H.  D.  AUCHINCLOSS, 

33  E.  67TH  Street,  New  York  and 
Newport,  R.  I. 

Secretary 
MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT, 

820  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  and 
Glen  Cove,  L.  I. 

Librarian 
MRS.  FREDERICK  L.  RHODES 
Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


Vice-Presidents 
MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 
Alma,  Michigan 


MRS.  J0S:N  E.  NEWELL 
West  Mentor,  Ohio 


MRS.  OAKLEIGH  THORNE 

MiLLBROOK,    N.    Y.   AND 

Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 


MRS.  SAMUEL  SLOAN 

45  East  530  Street,  New  York  and 
Garrison,  N.  Y. 


Editor 

MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER 

1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  and  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 


The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting . 


A  little  sun,  a  little  rain, 

A  soft  wind  blowing  from  the  west — 

And  woods  and  fields  are  sweet  again, 

And  warmth  within  the  mountain  breast. 

So  simple  is  the  earth  we  tread, 

So  quick  with  love  and  life  her  frame. 

Ten  thousand  years  are  dawned  and  fled 

And  still  her  magic  is  the  same. 

— Spofford  A.  Brooke. 


For  more  th  an  a  year  there  has  been  no  Bulletin.  Through  the 
early  months  of  the  war  it  struggled  on,  trying  to  be  interesting,  hop- 
ing to  justify  itself,  but  always  growing  feebler,  less  self-confident, 
until  in  sheer  mortification,  it  crouched  in  the  corner  of  a  book  shelf 
and  hid  itself  until  gardening  days  should  come  again.  Around  it 
ebbed  and  flowed  a  mass  of  war-garden  pamphlets,  war-time  canning 
recipes,  conservation  literature;  with  all  these  harrowing  subjects  it 
had  inadequately  dealt.  Finally  it  dug  itself  in,  canned  itself,  con- 
e  rved  paper,  time,  energy,  by  ceasing  to  be. 

With  the  end  of  the  war  it  stirred,  ready  when  invited,  to  appear 
again.  It  has  been  invited,  tentatively,  perhaps,  so  for  the  next  year 
it  will  make  a  special  effort  to  prove  whether  its  war-time  inadequacy 
was  constitutional  or  merely  shock.  If  it  is  assertive,  set  it  down  to 
bravado;  if  dull,  to  caution;  if  confused,  to  a  desire  to  please  garden- 
ers who  know,  ignoramuses  who  garden;  optimists  who  revel  in  the 
failures  of  others,  pessimists  who  question  their  successes;  sentimen- 
talists who  want  undiluted  facts,  and  common-sense  diggers  who  enjoy 
flights  of  fancy  couched  in  flowery  terms. 

On  August  2 1  St  was  mailed  to  all  Garden  Club  members  a  Bul- 
letin plan  and  questionnaire.  Some  of  these  were  long  in  reaching 
their  destination,  but  before  today,  October  15th,  about  200  individ- 
ual members  have  replied  and  nine  clubs  have  answered  as  a  whole. 
This,  we  are  told,  is  an  unusually  large  percentage  so  we  dare  to  hope 
that  the  Club  is  really  interested  in  a  revival  of  its  organ. 

These  answers  are  illuminating  and  sometimes  disconcerting. 
Perhaps  25  people  reply  that  they  read  the  Bulletin  but  do  not  find 
it  interesting,  or  only  occasionally  so,  but  what  is  one  to  say  when  a 
lady  states  that  she  does  not  read  the  Bulletin,  that  she  does  not 
find  it  interesting,  that  she  doubts  its  being  worth  the  cost,  and  that 
busy  people  must  have  a  magazine  on  a  large  scale  because  they  haven't 
time  to  read  a  small  one  and  that  as  it  has  been  issued  it  is  distinctly 
not  worth  while?  Perhaps  it  isn't,  but  how  is  one  who  does  not  read 
it  to  know?  Another  doesn't  read  it  very  often  or  find  it  very  inter- 
esting and  is  sure  that  a  magazine  which  is  not  worth  twenty-five 
cents  to  individual  members  can  hardly  be  worth  $.^,000  to  the  Club, 
at  a  time  when  paper  and  labor  are  both  too  precious  to  waste. 

We  concede  that  these  criticisms  are  just,  but  on  the  other  hand 
150  or  more  members  have  replied  that  they  always  read  the  Bulle- 
tin and  find  it  very  interesting,  many  even  going  so  far  as  to  say  that 
it  is  essential  to  the  life  of  the  Club  and  that  it  is  too  good  a  magazine 
to  be  distributed  free.  Three  faithful  souls  urge  that  no  change  what- 
soever be  made,  since  our  little  magazine  is  perfect.  This  we  grate- 
fully deny,  but,  making  due  allowance  for  the  magnanimity  of  our 


Haven  Wood 

Estate  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  L.  Ryerson  at  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

*~r*HE  composition  of  statues  and  pool  has  a  background  of  three  rows  of  native  red 
-*■  cedars,  which  were  especially  selected  for  perpendicular  and  formal  effect  and  have 
been  graded  up  in  sizes  of  fifteen,  twentj^-five  and  thirty-five  feet  high.  The  entire 
garden  is  framed  with  the  same  dense  planting,  arranged  to  give  strength  and  strong 
shadows;  the  special  groups,  axes  points,  and  skyline  strongly  accented  by  the  tallest 
trees. 

The  varied  effect  of  color  in  the  forest  trees  of  oak,  beech,  maples,  etc.,  changing 
with  the  different  seasons,  outlines  the  special  character  and  color  of  the  cedar  frame. 

One  quarter  of  the  area  of  the  garden  is  shown  in  the  photograph.  The  four  late 
Seventeenth  Century  marble  statues  came  from  a  garden  in  Verona,  and  are  mounted 
on  their  own  bases  and  worked  in  with  a  stone  rail  of  modern  construction. 

(The  garden  at  Haven  Wood  was  enthusiastically  admired  by  all  GARDEN  CLUB 
members  who  attended  the  Annual  Meeting.  Our  illustration  gives  an  excellent  idea 
of  its  setting  and  plan,  but  no  photograph  can  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  color  and 
effect  of  the  charming  planting.) 


membership,  we  think  the  germ  of  success  must  be  there  or  so  many- 
would  not  send  kindly  replies. 

From  these  replies  it  is  evident  that  there  are  many  points  which 
are  not  fully  understood  and  questions  that  require  fuller  answers. 
The  matter  of  accepting  paid  advertising  is  one  of  these.  One  mem- 
ber says:  "I  would  be  very  glad  to  have  the  advertisements  continued 
in  the  Bulletin.  I  do  not  see  why  we  need  be  hampered  by  them  as 
ours  is  not  a  commercial  paper."  And  then,  in  suggesting  new  de- 
partments she  adds,  "Where  to  obtain  good,  reliable  seed,  stock,  etc. 
Suggestions  from  members."  This  exactly  brings  out  the  situation. 
When  we  accept  advertising  and  accept  money  for  it  we  become,  in  a 
technical  sense,  a  commercial  publication  and  we  must  follow  the 
ethics  of  business.  We  can  lay  down  rules  that  we  will  not  sell  space 
to  notoriously  unreliable  seedsmen,  that  only  a  certain  amount  of 
space  will  be  sold  to  one  firm,  but  having  once  accepted  payment  from 
certain  firms  we  cannot  mention  the  names  of  other  firms  and  their 
wares  in  the  body  of  our  magazine.  Did  we  do  so  our  advertisers 
could  justly  accuse  us  of  breaking  faith  with  them  and  withdraw  their 
advertisements.  In  our  opinion  we  should  give  lists  of  reliable  firms 
and  definitely  state  the  best  place  to  obtain  certain  new,  unusually 
and  especially  good  things,  but  are  we  to  claim  a  non-commercial 
spirit  and  then,  because  we  are  amateurs,  break  the  rules?  If  we 
would  do  so  we  could  not,  since  our  advertising  pages  would  be  an. 
empty  waste.  We  must  choose  between  a  frank  statement  of  rival 
claims  and  the  $i,ooo  annually  more  or  less,  that  paid  advertising 
would  brin^  us.  Which  is  more  valuable  to  our  membership,  the 
money  or  the  unbiased  information  that  we  can  give  them  if  we  ac- 
cept no  money?  To  answer  other  questions  in  this  connection,  we 
add  that  advertisements  have  been  accepted  only  from  firms  recom- 
mended by  member  clubs  or  individual  members  whose  opinion  is 
backed  by  experience,  but  that  even  though  great  care  has  been  ex- 
ercised names  have  crept  in  that  could  not  be  inscribed  upon  the 
"Honor  List"  of  reliable,  interested  dealers  suggested  by  another 
member. 

We  must  meet  many  varying  tastes.  One  Club  asks  for  a  Poetry 
Department;  one  member  says  sternly,  "Less  poetry."  And  yet  in 
the  eighteen  Bulletins  issued  under  the  present  editorship,  twenty 
very  short  poems  have  been  printed,  all  but  a  few  classic  quotations. 

Another  Club  feels  no  interest  in  articles  by  Miss  Jekyll  since 
Miss  Jekyll's  books  are  available  and  universally  read,  but  many  mem- 
bers feel  that  the  revival  of  the  Bulletin  is  justified  by  her  promised 
contributions.  One  member  does  not  find  it  worth  while  because  it 
does  not  help  California  gardeners  and  a  Southern  member  wants  re- 

3 


minders  of  work  to  be  done  at  certain  periods,  not  realizing,  perhaps, 
that  the  range  of  the  Bulletin  is  from  Massachusetts  to  Virginia, 
from  New  York  to  Southern  California.  We  do  not  know,  we  who, 
because  we  garden,  must  stay  at  home,  what  is  seasonable,  what  ap- 
propriate in  all  our  changing  climates,  unless  these  same  interested 
members  will  send  us  or  suggest  some  one  else  to  send  us  the  infor- 
mation. 

There  are  members  who  clamor  for  a  Garden  Pest  and  Remedy 
Department  and  members  who  say  that  we  waste  space  on  such  in- 
formation which  can  be  easily  obtained  from  public  sources.  There 
are  members  who  want  reports  from  member  Clubs  and  those  who 
grudge  paper  to  such  details;  those  who  want  papers  from  members, 
those  who  wish  more  professional  articles ;  those  who  think  we  should 
cease  to  subscribe  to  all  other  garden  magazines  and  depend  upon  the 
Bulletin,  those  who  think  we  should  abandon  the  Bulletin  and 
content  ourselves  with  a  page  or  two  in  some  established  magazine. 
It  is  bewildering  but  interesting  and  how,  oh,  how,  are  we  going  to 
please  them  all  during  this  trial  year? 

One  member  wishes  an  Annual  which  will  give  all  reports  and  any 
other  interesting  material;  another  a  bi-annual;  but  as  the  real  reason 
for  the  publication  of  a  Bulletin  seems  to  be  the  frequent  inter- 
change of  information  and  the  formation  of  a  bond  between  our  scat- 
tered Member  Clubs,  neither  of  these  plans  would  seem  to  meet  the 
requirements.  The  more  enthusiastic  wish  a  Bulletin  every  month 
or  even  every  week! 

There  is  a  very  general  demand  for  a  Question  and  Answer  De- 
partment and  the  following  plan  has  been  devised.  Mrs.  Charles  M. 
Hubbard  of  the  Plant  Material  Department  will  answer  all  questions 
dealing  with  how,  where  and  when  to  plant,  grow  and  care  for  growing 
things  of  all  sorts.  Mrs.  Benjamin  S.  Warren,  in  her  department  on 
Garden  Pests  and  Remedies,  will  answer  questions  on  diseases,  para- 
sites and  treatment  of  plants.  Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill, will  tell  you  where 
to  go  and  at  what  season  to  see  plants  at  their  best  and  will  answer 
many  general  inquiries.  Mrs.  William  K.  Wallbridge  of  the  Literary 
Committee  will  reply  to  questions  about  garden  books  and  periodi- 
cals, their  usefulness,  prices  and  where  to  get  them.  Since  there  is  sure 
to  be  a  certain  confusion  and  overlapping  all  questions  may  be  sent 
to  the  editor  who  will  distribute  them.  Experts  will  be  consulted  and 
every  efifort  made  to  give  simple,  practical  and  comprehensive  replies. 

A  Plant,  Bulb,  Cuttings  and  Rare  Seed  Exchange  is  another  fre- 
quent suggestion.  We  will  gladly  set  aside  space  for  this  if  members 
will  make  known  their  offerings  and  their  needs:  "50  Scarlet  Sage 
for  I  Daffodil  bulb,  or  what  have  you?" 

4 


As  the  financial  question  has  been  settled  by  the  decision  to  raise 
the  dues  immediately  there  need  be  no  discussion  of  the  replies  to 
that  question.  Some  have  suggested  that  we  accept  outside  subscrip- 
tions or  place  the  Bulletin  on  sale  in  book-shops,  or  allow  unaffil- 
iated Garden  Clubs  to  subscribe.  It  is  for  the  Club  to  decide  this 
question,  but,  from  a  business  point  of  view,  we  could  not  afford  to 
place  the  Bulletin  on  sale.  The  very  small  return  would  be  eaten  up 
by  the  expense. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  subjects  that  members  have  asked' 
to  have  considered: 

Soils. 

Herbs  and  Herb  Gardens. 

Bees.  (Thefirstof  a  series  of  articles  by  Miss  Wright  appears  in  this 
issue.   Those  following  will  give  simple,  technical  and  practical  details.) 

Two  articles  yearly  on  Birds. 

Material  for  Formal  Planting. 

Articles  on  Village  Improvement. 

A  campaign  against  sign-boards. 

Articles  descriptive  of  small  gardens  and  suggestions  for  their 
making. 

Pruning. 

Canning. 

An  Experience  Column  to  which  members  will  be  urged  to  con- 
tribute, giving  more  space  to  their  failures  than  to  their  successes. 

That  articles  be  about  equally  divided  between  amateur  and  pro- 
fessional writers. 

Color  combinations. 

Articles  on  famous  foreign  gardens. 

More  articles  by  members. 

Continued  or  serial  articles. 

More  excerpts  from  periodicals. 

More  practical  instruction. 

More  active  representation  from  Member  Clubs,  i.  e.,  programs, 
interesting  meetings,  special  activities. 

A  suggestion  that  Clubs  specialize  in  certain  plants  and  make  reg- 
ular reports  of  the  results. 

There  are  many  who  wish  much  space  given  to  the  preservation  of 
native  plants,  the  publication  of  lists  of  new  papers  and  of  good  lec- 
turers and  a  Correspondence  Column  to  be  filled  with  more  personal 
news  from  the  Member  Clubs.  The  preservation  of  native  plants 
should  certainly  be  one  of  our  first  considerations  and  lists  of  papers, 
lecturers,  etc.,  are  now  being  revised.  The  success  and  length  of  the 
Correspondence  Column  depends  entirely  upon  our  members. 

5 


To  these  suggestions  is  added  an  excerpt  from  the  original  min- 
utes of  the  Annual  Meeting:  "Mrs.  Francis  King  spoke  enthusiasti- 
cally of  the  Bulletin,  but  thought  it  might  be  made  the  means  of 
better  communication  between  Clubs.  She  suggested  that  each  Club 
send  in  each  month  a  typewritten  report  of  its  monthly  activities — 
speakers  at  meetings — subjects  of  meetings — garden  pilgrimages;  a 
personal  interchange  should  be  the  important  thing.  Miss  Ernestine 
Goodman  emphasized  the  importance  of  news.  Mrs.  Francis  Crown- 
inshield  thought  one  article  from  a  celebrity  would  be  acceptable. 
Mrs.  Arnold  Hague  emphasized  the  importance  of  literary  standards. 
Mrs.  Mercer  suggested  a  combination  of  news  and  literary  articles. 
Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill  recommended  a  comic  section,  and  Mrs.  John 
Newell,  a  column  for  Diseases  and  Remedies  of  plants,  Mrs.  Fred- 
erick Greeley  wanted  the  Bulletin  to  be  used  as  a  medium  to  hear 
from  the  President.  The  Chair  asked  the  Editor  to  appoint  persons 
to  take  charge  of  the  vaiious  departments  of  the  enlarged  Bulletin 
to  relieve  her  of  some  of  the  responsibilities  and  work." 

If  you  are  interested  in  any  of  these  things,  won't  you  say  so,  or 
write  an  article  upon  one  of  them,  or  offer  to  conduct  a  department? 
Tell  us  what  doesn't  interest  you,  too,  but  remember  that  we  have 
2500  members  with  apparently  2500  different  tastes.  Perhaps  we 
can't  quite  please  them  all,  all  of  the  time,  but  we  ought  to  be  able 
to  please  some  of  them  some  of  the  time  and  possibly  a  few  of  the 
less  critical  will  be  pleased  all  of  the  time. 

One  request  is  for  an  annual  index,  so  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin 
is  numbered,  as  you  see,  and  its  pages  begin  with  one.  With  the  Sep- 
tember issue  of  next  year  our  first  index  will  be  printed. 

Three  comments  sum  up  what  the  Bulletin  is  and  what  it  hopes 
to  be.  One  member  says:  "The  Bulletin  is  an  amateur  magazine, 
written  by  amateurs,  read  by  amateurs  and  valuable  to  amateurs. 
Why  attempt  to  compete  with  a  professional  magazine?"  Why  in- 
deed? For  "Mark  you,"  as  Mrs.  Ewing  says  in  Letters  from  a 
Little  Garden,  "Amateur  gardener,  being  interpreted,  means  gardener 
for  love";  and  if  we  are  that  we  should  be  able  to  make  for  ourselves 
a  magazine  quite  different  from  others,  quite  outside  competition, 
quite  necessary  to  our  existence  as  a  club. 

Another  says,  "Make  the  Bulletin  a  necessary  adjunct  to  the 
garden  library."    Shall  we  try? 

And  last,  one  says,  "  It  might  be  a  question  as  to  which  part  of  the 
name  should  be  most  emphasized  in  the  Bulletin.  It  sometimes 
seems  as  if  Club  outranked  Garden."  Does  it  and  should  it? 

Gardening  is  a  lonesome  sport,  not  like  golf  or  bridge.  Its  triumphs 
are  small  and  personal,  the  one  that  exalts  the  most  the  least  easy  to 

6 


share.  Before  Garden  Clubs  were  invented,  we  looked  in  vain  for 
sympathetic  souls  (or  fellow-cranks).  But  in  association  we  have 
found  them,  not  many  but  a  few,  and  Garden  should  mean  more 
to  us,  not  less,  while  Club  should  mean  a  fellowship  of  amateurs, 
gardeners  for  love,  who  through  the  Bulletin  emerge  from  solitude 
and  become  articulate. 


Some  Aims  in  Gardening 

By  Gertrude  Jekyll 

The  acceptance  of  the  pleasant  task  of  writing  some  articles  on 
horticultural  subjects  for  my  fellow  garden  lovers  across  the  wide 
Atlantic  sets  me  thinking  about  a  few  of  the  main  things  I  have  learnt 
during  a  lifetime  of  devotion  to  the  beauty  of  plants  and  to  the  efifort 
towards  finding  ways  of  employing  them  worthily. 

Gardening  is  unlike  any  other  form  of  decorative  art  in  that  its 
material  is  always  growing  and  changing,  and  it  is  in  watching  these 
developments,  and  ministering  to  general  wants  and  individual  de- 
mands, that  good  culture  consists.  There  must  needs  be  some  first 
intention  or  plan,  if  the  garden  is  to  be  other  than  quite  commonplace, 
but  whatever  this  may  be,  the  good  gardener  must  be  ever  on  the 
watch  and  ready  to  do  any  service  that  may  be  required.  It  is  just 
this  conviction  of  the  need  of  constant  watchfulness,  the  feeling  that 
the  flowers  are  dependent  for  their  happiness  and  well  being  on  our 
ceaseless  care,  that  makes  gardening  so  humanly  interesting  —  the 
consciousness  that,  under  the  greater  controlling  Power,  we  are  al- 
lowed to  create  and  maintain  all  that  beautiful  life  that  seems  so  will- 
ingly and  gladly  to  reward  the  application  of  knowledge  slowly  and 
laboriously  gained. 

However  small  and  humble,  a  garden  may  be  a  work  of  fine  art, 
and  it  is  perhaps  the  little  gardens  that  give  their  owners  the  great- 
est happiness.  For  here  nothing  comes  between  the  man  or  woman 
and  the  growing  things,  and  here  that  quality  of  restraint,  which  in 
all  pleasure  grounds  must  prevail  if  anything  good  is  to  be  achieved, 
becomes  a  necessity.  As  in  all  good  art  the  aim  must  be  founded  first 
on  common  sense  and  fitness,  and  then  built  up  with  a  humble  and 
adoring  worship  of  beauty.  With  the  gradual  knowledge  gained  by 
experience  the  ways  and  wants  and  best  uses  of  the  various  plants  will 
be  recognized,  until  the  time  comes  when  the  wisdom  acquired  can  be 
employed  with  some  degree  of  confidence. 

One  safe  rule  is  not  to  attempt  too  much  at  a  time.  Where  a  beau- 
tiful plant  or  shrub  can  be  almost  isolated  it  is  all  the  better  enjoyed. 

7 


In  large  gardens  that  have  architectural  features  I  sometimes  end  an 
important  flower  border  with  a  rectangular  bed  raised  by  two  feet  of 
walling,  the  same  width  as  the  border,  and  plant  it  wholly  with  Yuc- 
cas. The  plants  themselves  have  a  certain  monumental  effect  that 
fits  them  for  such  treatment,  and  the  quiet  dignity  of  the  group  of 
one  fine  thing  is  a  distinct  refreshment  to  the  mind  after  the  more  per- 
plexing and  constantly  varying  interest  of  the  flower  border.  This  in 
itself  is  difficult  to  keep  quiet  enough  and  it  can  only  be  satisfactorily 
done  by  a  proper  proportion  and  sequence  in  the  grouping  and  colour- 
ing. On  this  there  is  so  much  to  be  said  that  I  shall  hope  to  make  it 
the  subject  of  a  later  article.  But  whenever  it  can  be  practiced,  the 
rule  of  restraint,  of  doing  one  thing  at  a  time  and  doing  it  well,  is  a 
good  one  to  have  in  mind.  I  may  illustrate  it  by  a  short  description 
of  the  planting  of  the  edges  of  a  moat  that  I  have  lately  planned.  The 
moat  surrounds  the  garden  of  a  fine  house  built  in  the  days  of  Queen 
Elizabeth;  it  encloses  a  square  of  some  acres,  so  that  its  whole  length 
is  not  much  under  half  a  mile.  Here  is  an  opportunity  of  doing  some 
planting  so  that  anyone  going  leisurely  along  the  path  within  a  few 
feet  of  the  water  on  the  outer  side  should  meet  with  a  succession  of 
pleasant  plant  pictures  —  never  of  many  kinds  at  a  time,  but  so 
arranged  that  each  group,  growing  apparently  naturally  and  accom- 
panied by  the  wild  flags  and  grasses  of  the  place,  should  lead  pleas- 
antly to  the  next,  giving  time  for  deliberate  enjoyment  of  each  suc- 
cessive flower  picture.  Where  the  carriage  road  enters  by  a  bridge  on 
the  north  western  side,  a  high  garden  wall  rises  straight  out  of  the 
moat  and  the  outer  side  has  also  a  low  wall.  Here  are  some  groups  of 
water-lilies,  white  and  rose,  and  the  only  other  planting  is  of  some  near 
groups  of  Water  Elder  (Viburnum  Opulus),  the  beautiful  berrying 
bush  whose  round,  white,  ball-flowered  garden  variety  is  the  familiar 
Guelder-rose.  The  walls  cease  at  the  angle  and  there  the  moat-edge 
planting  begins.  First,  next  the  quiet  corner,  are  long  drifts  of  cool, 
green  ferns;  the  graceful  Lady  Fern  (Athyrium  Filix-fosmina),  and 
on  the  opposite  bank  Struthiopteris,  the  handsome  Fern  of  shuttle- 
cock shape.  Each  of  these  groups  occupies  a  span  of  from  thirty  to 
forty  feet.  After  the  Struthiopteris  comes  a  long  drift  of  the  hand- 
some purple  Cranesbill  (Geranium  grandiflorum)  thickly  planted  at 
the  water's  edge  and  streaming  away  from  it  out  into  the  grass,  to 
right  and  left.  Then  the  yellow  Mimulus,  which  delights  in  stream 
edges,  and  the  double  form  of  the  wild  Meadowsweet  (Spiraea  Ul- 
maria),  followed,  after  an  interval  of  unplanted  bank,  by  a  bold  mass 
of  Spircea  Aruncus  throwing  up  its  great  white  plumes  to  a  height 
of  seven  or  eight  feet.  It  is  the  plant  that  is  so  beautiful  by  Alpine 
torrents.  In  the  case  of  the  moat  planting  it  is  placed  where  it  is  seen 


not  only  as  a  waterside  plant,  but  where  it  also  shows  as  a  fine  object 
from  a  wide  grass  path,  which  comes  down  to  the  water's  edge  in  the 
inner  garden.  Then  along  the  moat  comes  more  yellow  Mimulus 
grouped  with  the  yellow  Flag  {Iris  Pseudacorus) ;  the  yellow  colouring 
repeated  above  and  below;  this  is  followed  by  a  low,  quiet  planting  of 
the  lovely  Water  Forget-me-not  (Myosotis  palustris) ;  then  again  some 
of  the  water-loving  Ferns.  Now  the  colour  changes  to  the  pale  pink 
of  Spiraa  venusta  and  the  noble  foliage  of  Saxafraga  peltata.  Looking 
beyond  these  there  is  something  of  a  brighter  red,  the  Bee  Balm 
(Monarda) ,  a  North  American  plant  that  has  long  been  a  favorite  in 
English  gardens;  then  again  the  pink  of  Spiraa  venusta. 

These  few  kinds  of  plants  with  the  accompanying  ferns  and  wild 
growths  are  all  that  is  seen  in  a  space  of  something  like  three  hundred 
yards,  and  the  same  kind  of  rule  is  observed  throughout  the  whole 
length  of  the  moat,  sometimes  with  different  plants,  and,  after  a  good 
interval,  with  some  of  the  same  repeated.  Halfway  along  on  the  south- 
eastern side,  the  garden  wall  again  comes  to  the  moat,  rising  straight 
out  of  it.  In  the  middle  space  it  swings  back  in  a  half  circle  with  a 
corresponding  form  in  the  opposite  bank,  so  forming  a  large,  round 
pool,  where  again  there  will  be  water-lilies.  As  there  is  a  raised  ter- 
race above  the  wall,  flanked  by  garden  houses  with  bridges  and  the 
moat  to  right  and  left,  the  planting  on  the  outer  side  of  the  moat  is 
kept  bold  in  character.  Here  again  is  the  giant  Spiraa  Aruncus,  and 
the  great  yellow  composite  Senecio  CHvorum,la,Tge  and  stately  both  in 
leaf  and  bloom.  Round  the  third  angle  the  path  no  longer  passes 
close  to  the  moat  but  is  forty  feet  away  and  the  ground  between  is 
cool  and  moist.  Here  is  a  chance  for  the  use  of  the  giant  Cow-parsnip 
that  towers  up  twelve  to  fifteen  feet  and  bears  immense  heads  of 
bloom  no  less  than  five  feet  across.  It  is  the  newer  kind,  Heracleum 
Mantegazzianum,  a  finer  thing  in  all  ways  than  the  older  Heracleum 
giganteum.  This  is  backed  by  groups  of  Water  Elder,  whose  masses  of 
berries  are  a  wonderful  sight  in  September  and  October;  here  also  the 
groups  of  yellow  Iris  and  Ferns  are  even  bolder  than  before.  This  is 
aU  best  seen  from  the  inner  grounds. 

Whatever  may  be  the  size  or  calibre  of  the  garden,  it  is  the  influence 
of  the  master  mind  that  directs  it,  that  gives  it  character  and  interest, 
and  not  character  and  interest  only,  but  also  life  and  charm.  For  a 
garden  may  have  had  great  wealth  expended  on  it  and  yet  be  without 
these  essential  qualities.  Such  examples  exist,  though  happily  they 
are  rare;  for  where  the  driving  power  of  strong  will  and  riches  are  ex- 
pended on  horticulture,  there  is  generally  the  love  of  beautiful  garden 
design  and  of  the  flowers  themselves  that  tells  throughout  the  work. 
Some  of  the  greater  gardens  in  the  States  testify  to  the  admiration  of 


their  owners  for  the  noble  examples  of  the  Italian  Renaissance  seen 
in  Italy,  and  though  climatic  conditions  militate  against  complete 
success  in  reproducing  such  gardens  in  the  northern  states,  those  that 
lie  in  the  south  give  admirable  facilities  for  making  gardens  of  Italian 
character.  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  best  type  of  garden  and  style 
of  house  for  the  north  is  what  is  known  as  the  Colonial;  I  think  I  may 
claim  that  this  is  not  from  any  national  partiality,  but  because,  when 
the  existing  Colonial  houses  were  built,  the  English  taste  in  matters 
of  building  and  decoration  was  singularly  pure.  Think  how  good  a 
time  it  was  in  silversmith's  work,  in  joinery,  in  glass,  pottery  and  por- 
celain, and  in  all  the  trades  connected  with  building,  and  the  simple 
charm  of  the  portraiture;  a  charm  now  entirely  lost.  The  houses  of 
this  type,  which  in  England  we  commonly  call  Georgian,  and  the 
gardens  that  accompany  them,  have  that  quiet,  restful  quality  which 
is  the  most  precious  attribute  of  a  human  dwelling  and  that  must 
surely  be  the  greatest  solace  and  refreshment  to  those  whose  best 
years  and  longest  hours  are  spent  in  the  strain  and  hurry  of  modern 
business,  or  even  social  life.  May  I  commend  this  thought  to  archi- 
tects and  garden  designers,  and  may  I  take  this  opportunity  of  offer- 
ing to  the  readers  of  the  Bulletin  and  all  who  are  stiiving  to  make 
their  home  grounds  beautiful,  the  expression  of  an  old  gardener's 
sincerest  sympathy  and  good  will? 


Making  New  Roses  for  America 
By  J.  Horace  McFarland,  Editor  American  Rose  Annual 

Hearing  as  I  do  from  all  parts  of  America  where  roses  are  grown, 
I  have  constant  evidence  not  only  of  the  bigness  and  breadth  of  our 
great  land,  but  of  the  improper  condition  which  makes  our  main  de- 
pendence for  roses  rest  upon  exotic  varieties. 

For  example,  a  letter  just  received  from  Little  Rock,  Arkansas, 
tells  of  the  total  failure  of  roses  in  a  city  which  heretofore  has  had  no- 
table prosperity  with  the  queen  of  flowers.  My  friendly  correspondent, 
a  noted  architect  who  has  learned  wisely  to  substitute  work  in  his  rose- 
garden  for  the  golf  which  previously  engrossed  him,  gives  a  detailed 
account  of  the  weather  which  is  clearly  to  blame  for  the  failure  of  his 
roses.  He  pathetically  adds:  "I  must  plant  a  new  rose-garden  this 
fall." 

Now  the  varieties  of  roses  which  he  had  to  depend  upon  were  over- 
whelmingly of  French,  English  and  German  origin,  and  were  hybrids 
of  the  roses  which  in  those  countries  find  a  continuously  congenial 
home.  Even  where  American  varieties  exist  —  that  is,  varieties  actu- 

lO 


ally  produced  in  America  —  they  are  at  best  but  one  short  remove 
from  the  old  Rosa  indica  blood,  and  practically  none  of  the  everbloom- 
ing  roses  of  the  day  have  had  bred  into  them  any  purely  American 
native  species. 

Those  who  have  had  their  eyes  fixed  on  the  native  flora  of  America 
have  long  ago  come  to  realize  that  here,  as  in  other  lands,  the  things 
persist  and  become  established  that  inure  themselves  to  our  particu- 
lar climatic  conditions.  Practically  all  of  our  great  trees,  our  notable 
plants,  our  valuable  shrubs,  are  survivals  of  this  process  of  adaptabil- 
ity. When  exotics  are  brought  from  a  land  of  less  arduous  climatic 
range,  their  endurance  is  always  problematic,  at  least  until  they  have 
had  opportunity  to  run  the  gauntlet  of  enemies  as  to  weather,  dis- 
ease and  insect  life. 

A  painfully  familiar  example  is  the  much-planted  Norway  spruce, 
which  may  be  found  in  mournful  decrepitude  in  thousands  of  American 
parks  and  home-grounds  which  it  ought  to  be  adorning  in  full  vigor. 
In  its  youth  this  spruce  is  of  pleasing  habit  and  rapid  growth,  but  as 
it  reaches  age  and  size  after  a  generation  on  the  land,  and  its  feeding 
power  is  diminished  by  competition  or  approaching  maturity,  it  dis- 
closes its  total  inadaptability  to  the  American  climate.  The  reason 
has  been  determined  for  us  by  those  who  find  that  it  came  from  middle 
Europe,  where  there  is  a  climatic  temperature  range  not  much  exceed- 
ing ICO  degrees  from  the  coldest  winter  to  the  warmest  summer,  while 
here  we  hardy  Americans,  who  have  not  only  survived  but  have  flour- 
ished, must  be  as  ready  for  20  degrees  below  zero  as  we  are  for  120  de- 
grees above  it,  in  the  various  seasons!  The  native  pines  and  hem- 
locks, our  own  magnificent  spruces  and  firs,  have  in  the  course  of  ages 
worked  out  their  own  climatic  endurance,  and  there  is  therefore  no 
necessity  for  planting  and  no  wisdom  in  continuing  to  plant  this  exotic 
spruce,  which  becomes  disheveled  just  when  it  should  be  dignified. 

Many  other  instances  could  be  cited,  but  one  is  sufl&cient  to  point 
the  importance  of  American  plants  for  American  conditions.  Notably 
is  this  so  in  roses,  for  the  rose  is,  after  all,  a  world  plant,  and  the 
Creator  has  endowed  every  arable  area  of  this  beautiful  world  with 
roses  indigenous  to  that  particular  condition  and  therefore  suggesting 
a  basis  for  the  evolution  which  has  given  us  all  our  modern  horticul- 
tural advantages. 

I  have  asked  the  editor  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  for  permission  to  present  this  situation  to  the  women  who 
have  gardens  and  love  roses.  I  have  the  hope  that  there  will  arise 
among  these  women  those  interested  in  rose  hybridization  who  will 
take  it  up  as  a  fascinating  and  fruitful  pursuit,  the  result  of  which, 
should  success  come,  could  only  be  great  good  to  mankind. 

II 


I  have  a  friend  who  is  a  producer  of  cannas.  For  many  years  he 
has  lovingly  bred  toward  certain  ideals,  and  he  has  utterly  and  alto- 
gether changed  the  place  and  quality  of  the  canna  in  its  garden  rela- 
tions. He  does  this  with  facility  and  with  speed,  because  he  can  man- 
age two  generations  in  one  year.  No  such  speed  is  possible  in  rose 
hybridization.  It  is  a  slow,  painstaking,  sometimes  disappointing, 
and  therefore  thoroughly  "sporty"  pursuit.  Dr.  Van  Fleet,  the  able 
hybridizer  who  works  for  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  told  me  not 
many  weeks  ago  that  it  was  not  certain  that  all  possible  seeds  had  ger- 
minated in  the  seed  pans  which  had  received  his  precious  crosses  for 
three  years  in  some  cases.  Yet  in  the  course  of  a  half  of  a  lifetime  de- 
Voted  to  rose-growing,  this  one  man  has  added  varieties  of  vast  value 
to  the  American  list,  and  has  bred  intelligently  and  definitely  for  har- 
diness, vigor  and  the  power  to  withstand  our  climatic  conditions. 
Those  who  enjoy  Silver  Moon,  American  Pillar,  Dr.  Van  Fleet,  Mary 
Lovett,  and  similar  modern  climbers,  will  pay  tribute  to  the  genius 
of  this  patient,  painstaking  man. 

Any  garden  woman  who  really  loves  roses  and  is  willing  to  fuss 
"with  seedhngs,  to  observe  differences,  to  hybridize  with  care,  to  wait 
with  patience,  can  undertake  this  work.  Details  concerning  it  are 
found  in  some  of  the  publications  of  the  American  Rose  Society,  and 
it  is  not  improbable  that  in  the  forthcoming  months  interesting  prizes 
will  be  offered  by  that  Society,  open  to  all  growers  in  the  land,  for  new 
and  meritorious  American-bred  roses  suited  to  American  conditions. 

This  whole  situation  is  made  more  acute  by  the  exclusion  of  all 
rose  plants,  save  those  required  for  propagating  purposes,  since  June 
I,  1 9 19,  at  which  time  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board  applied  a 
plant  quarantine  to  that  effect,  in  order  to  protect  the  land  against 
injurious  insects  and  diseases.  Not  only  do  we  need,  therefore,  new 
varieties  of  roses,  but  more  places  and  more  methods  for  the  increase 
of  good  varieties  of  roses.  I  estimate  that  in  1920  there  will  be  a  rose 
shortage  of  not  less  than  three  million  plants  which  would  otherwise 
be  sold  to  the  advantage  of  everyone  in  the  land. 

If  the  Editor  of  the  Bulletin  desires,  it  may  be  that  later  certain 
suggestions  as  to  parentage  and  the  like  can  be  presented.  Mean- 
while those  who  have  in  mind  to  be  interested  in  new  roses  and  to 
start  to  create  the  basis  of  a  lottery  in  which  it  is  impossible  to  draw 
all  blanks,  can  properly  and  profitably  acquaint  themselves  with  rose 
varieties  which  do  best  in  their  own  particular  climatic  regions,  so  as 
to  work  from  a  standpoint  of  knowledge  personally  and  definitely 
obtained. 

If  a  score  of  American  women  should  begin  to  grow  roses  with  the 
love  and  devotion  which  have  made  every  effort  to  do  anything  by 

12 


women  count  most  magnificently,  I  should  look  for  a  condition  which 
would  soon  utterly  change  the  rather  disgraceful  relationship  of  a  few 
years  ago,  when  out  of  some  588  varieties  listed  in  the  catalogue  of  the 
National  Rose  Society  of  England  —  the  standard  catalogue  of  the 
world  at  that  time  —  but  26  were  of  American  origin! 


Mushroom  Culture 

By  Dorothy  Abbot,  Garden  Club  of  Washington,  Connecticut 

While  there  are  at  least  150  known  varieties  of  the  edible  Fungi  iii 
the  United  States,  the  Agaricus  Campestris  or  Field  Mushroom  is 
the  only  kind  that  "  will  accommodate  itself  easily  to  an  artificial  imi- 
tation of  its  native  surroundings, "  to  quote  from  Mr.  William  Hamer- 
ton  Gibson's  well-put  sentence.  This  variety  is  too  well  known  to  need 
any  description,  and  I'm  sure  that  most  of  us  feel  so  well  acquainted 
that  we  dare  cook  and  eat  them  when  we  gather  them  from  the  fields. 
They  are  delicate  pink  and  white  when  fresh,  and  tan  and  brown  when 
slightly  passe. 

The  Agaricus  Campestris  has  been  cultivated  in  precisely  the  same 
manner  from  the  middle  of  the  Eighteenth  Century  (and  probably 
before),  with  the  exception  of  spawn,  which  we  can  procure  in 
simple  brick  form,  but  which  the  people  in  old  times  had  to  get 
from  its  natural  surroundings.  Almost  the  clearest  exposition  of 
mushroom  culture  I  found  was  in  a  book  written  about  1779  rejoic- 
ing in  the  title:  "The  Garden  Mushroom.  Its  Nature  and  Cultiva-, 
tion ;  a  Treatise  exhibiting  Full  and  Plain  Directions  for  Producing 
This  Desirable  Plant  in  Perfection  and  Plenty"  ! 

All  authorities,  old  and  new,  however,  agree  in  certain  essentials, 
and  I  shall  try  to  give  the  main  points  of: 

1.  Where  to  grow  them. 

2.  How  to  grow  them. 

3.  General  requisites  and  conditions. 

I.  Where  to  grow  them. — Dreer  claims  there  is  no  reason  why  we 
can't  have  lawns  just  sprouting  with  mushrooms,  but  I  have  tried  it, 
and  I  regret  to  say  with  no  success.  I  was  pleased  to  learn  from  other 
authorities  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  grow  them  successfully  out 
of  doors,  even  though  they  may  grow  in  abundance  in  a  field  one  side 
of  you  and  on  a  neighbor's  lawn  on  the  other.  So,  if  out-door  culture  is 
tried,  it  is  as  well  to  keep  on  friendly  terms  with  the  neighbor  who  is 
lucky  enough  to  have  God-given  ones,  in  case  your  own  crop  fails. 

It  is  better  to  try  them  under  truly  artificial  conditions,  such  as  in 
sheds,  cellars,  greenhouses,  barns,  old  stalls,  or  if  possible  a  little: 

13 


house  especially  built  in  the  side  hill,  in  the  way  an  ice  house  is  built, 
with  a  "double  roof;  and  it  may  be  built  in  such  a  way  as  to  make  arti- 
ficial heat  unnecessary.  For  those  of  us  who  live  in  city  apartments, 
and  to  whom  all  conditions  seem  equally  impossible,  I  will  tell  you  of 
one  writer  who  said  his  first  trial  was  in  a  soap  box  kept  under  a  bed, 
and  he  adds  laconically:  "The  mushroom  crop  was  successful!" 
This,  however,  is  not  a  suggestion!  I  like  better  the  story  of  a  Belgian 
cook  who  grew  beautiful  mushrooms  in  a  pair  of  wooden  shoes. 

Of  all  these  places,  a  shed,  for  fall  cultivation,  or  a  barn,  or  some 
where  in  a  garage  is  best,  for  I  have  been  told  by  people  who  grew  them 
in  cellars  that  the  odor  of  the  manure  in  which  they  are  planted  has  a 
way  of  coming  up  through  the  furnace  pipes  and  permeating  every 
room  in  the  house.  It  has  often  been  thought  that  darkness  is  essen- 
tial, but  this  is  not  so.  Frequently  little  skylights  are  built  in  mushroom 
houses,  and  sheds  open  on  one  side  to  the  light  have  sheltered  many 
fine  mushrooms.  Last  winter  I  saw  some  growing  in  a  greenhouse  on 
Long  Island,  not  in  trays  below  the  benches,  carefully  protected  from 
"drip"  in  the  usual  way,  but  coming  up  between  rows  of  carnations 
which  had  the  full  strength  of  the  sun  on  them. 

Now  as  to  how  to  grow  them.  There  are  three  general  requisites: 
First. — Decaying  vegetable  matter.  Second. — A  uniform  and 
rather  low  temperature.  Third. — Uniform  supply  of  moisture  in  the 
mixture  with  dry  air  in  the  place  chosen  for  the  growing. 

The  decaying  matter  is  provided  by  horse  manure  which  should 
be  collected  and  kept  in  a  shed  where  rain  can  not  touch  it.  "The 
manure  should  be  turned  over  each  morning  for  a  few  days,  and  be- 
fore the  heat  of  the  manure  has  subsided  sufiiciently  to  permit  the 
bed  being  made,  mix  one-third  as  much  loam  as  there  is  manure 
into  the  whole." 

The  rank  heat  thus  escapes,  and  it  can  be  made  at  once  into  a  bed 
of  from  9  to  12  inches  deep. 

The  loam  must  be  of  good  earth  shaken  from  tufts  of  sod,  or  from  a 
rose  garden.  The  early  EngUsh  writer  I  referred  to  called  it  "strong 
earth. "  That  is  the  first  method  given  in  the  Cyclopedia  of  American 
Horticulture,  and  is  the  most  thorough  and  difficult,  for  the  collect- 
ing, turning,  cooling  process  lasts  from  September  to  November,  when 
the  bed  is  fully  prepared.  All  authorities  say  autumn  is  the  best  time 
to  prepare  the  beds. 

The  second  method  saves  a  little  time,  but  not  much  labor.  This 
method,  I  believe,  was  from  a  Government  pamphlet.  —  Collect  a 
pile  of  fresh  horse  manure  in  a  shed  until  it  is  3  or  4  feet  high;  pack 
down  firmly.  This  prevents  hasty  heating.  Leave  until  fermentation 
has  started,  which  may  be  in  only  2  or  3  days.  Then  turn,  so  that  part 

14 


of  what  was  inside  will  be  outside,  and  vice  versa.  If  too  dry,  water  the 
dry  parts  and  pack  down  again.  Compacting  also  reduces  the  number 
of  turnings,  and  tends  to  keep  ammonia  intact,  which  is  important. 
To  be  sure  all  possibility  of  burning  is  out,  this  should  be  done  about 
3  weeks,  and  then  if  it  isn't  dry  enough  add  loam.  It  is  then  ready  for 
making  the  bed. 

The  third  method,  which  seems  very  simple,  but  which  is  recom- 
mended because  it  does  away  with  the  too  great  dryness  and  has  a 
tendency  to  hold  moisture  longer,  is:  For  every  load  of  fresh  horse 
manure  add  a  load  of  thoroughly  rotted  manure.  Mix  well  and  make 
the  bed  the  followng  day. 

The  method  of  making  the  bed  is  simple,  and  beds  may  be  made  in 
boxes  or  trays  9  to  15  inches  deep,  and  as  long  as  desired,  on  floors  of 
sheds  or  barns,  or  on  shelves  of  sheds  or  barns.  Layers  of  the  mixture 
are  placed  in  boxes  and  pounded  absolutely  firm  until  the  9-15  inches 
has  been  reached.  Equal  placing  of  material  and  proper  pressing 
down  has  much  to  do  with  the  success. 

The  temperature  of  the  beds  should  be  then  taken,  and  I  beHeve 
a  thermometer  on  a  stick  comes  for  this  purpose.  The  first  temper- 
ature should  be  no  degrees  to  120,  but  do  not  spavin  until  the  tem- 
perature has  subsided  to  90  or  95.  When  it  has  gone  down  to  that, 
is  the  time  to  insert  the  spawn. 

Spawn  may  be  bought  from  almost  any  seedman.  Dreer,  I  know, 
has  it,  and  Burpee.  It  comes  in  bricks  and  there  are  two  varieties  — 
French,  which  comes  in  thin,  loosely-put-together,  matlike  bricks, 
and  English,  a  hard  firm  brick  of  hard  manure  with  spawn.  Mill- 
track  English  Spawn  is  especially  recommended.  Spawn  must  be 
kept  very  dry  till  the  beds  are  ready. 

The  English  brick  is  broken  into  small  pieces  about  the  size  of  a 
walnut  and  inserted  2  or  3  inches  in  depth,  and  5  to  9  inches  apart, 
pressing  the  soil  very  firmly  after  each  insertion. 

Some  advise  examining  the  beds  after  10  days  or  2  weeks,  to  see 
if  the  spawn  is  taking,  and  if  little  white  thread-like  cords  are 
spreading,  then  cover  the  boxes  with  2  or  3  inches  of  good  loam,  and 
press  down  hard  or  pound.  The  temperature  of  the  place  should  be 
about  50  or  60  degrees,  and  if  there  is  danger  of  the  place  getting 
cooler,  put  straw  or  hay  over  the  beds. 

French  Spawn,  which  is  thin  and  loosely  constructed,  like  Tris- 
cuit,  may  be  inserted  sideways  so  that  the  spawn  is  at  different  levels 
in  the  box,  but  is  otherwise  treated  in  the  same  way. 

Watering  the  beds  is  hardly  ever  necessary  if  the  mixture  is  right, 
and  if  even  temperature  of  the  room  is  maintained.  If  however  the 
beds  should  dry  out,  water  with  luke  warm  water,  and  water  evenly. 

IS 


Having  fulfilled  all  these  conditions,  I  should  be  able  to  tell  you 
that  you  will  surely  meet  with  marvellous  success,  but  alas!  the  first 
and  most  necessary  requisite,  we  are  told,  is  a  calm  and  even  temper- 
ament, for  while  the  mushrooms  are  due  to  appear  in  six  weeks,  it 
may  be  8  or  even  i6  before  we  are  rewarded.  Also,  one  bedful  may 
flourish  and  another,  next  to  it,  show  not  a  sign  of  life.  However,  I 
imagine  any  good  results  would  quite  atone  for  a  failure  or  two. 

A  second  requisite  is  the  dry  atmosphere  of  the  room,  and  an  even 
temperature. 

Of  course  someone  is  wondering —  "Are  they  free  from  pests?" 
Alas!  No!  Wood-lice  may  attack  them,  but  they  usually  make  their 
home  on  edges  of  the  box  or  on  a  near-by  wall  by  the  box,  where  they 
can  make  nightly  sallies  and  chew  off  heads  of  mushrooms  as  they  rise. 
To  get  rid  of  them,  pour  boiling  water  on  the  edges  of  the  box,  being 
careful  not  to  boil  the  mushroom  spores  at  the  same  time ;  or  -mix  one- 
half  ounce  of  sugar  of  lead  and  a  handful  of  oatmeal,  which  can  ba 
kept  near  by. 

If  the  temperature  is  too  high,  the  small  white  mites  may  appear, 
but  will  not  if  the  temperature  is  kept  below  60.  Having  done  all 
these  things,  what  will  the  result  be?  Mushrooms  from  2  to  5  months, 
and  with  careful  watering  of  the  beds  with  warm  water  and  nitrate  of 
soda,  a  second  crop  may  be  induced. 

We  in  America  are  far  behind  the  rest  of  the  world  in  growing 
mushrooms  and  in  appreciating  their  food  value.  France  grows  tons 
annually,  and  in  most  European  countries  mushroom  culture  is  under 
Government  inspection.  In  certain  parts  of  Italy,  and  Australia, 
mushrooms  form  the  staple  among  the  more  primitive  people,  and 
some  man  has  remarked  that  he  could  maintain  an  army  five  months 
on  them.  The  Chinese  are  devoted  to  mushrooms,  and  import  many 
from  Japan,  Tahiti,  and  New  Zealand,  and  know  of  their  nutritious 
value. 

Personally,  I  think  they  are  infinitely  more  desirable  as  a  meat  sub- 
stitute than  the  peanut  loaf,  "mock  sausage,"  etc.  that  we  are  urged 
to  eat,  and  we  definitely  know  they  are  rich  in  nitrogenous  matter 
and  in  protein,  and  are  so  meaty  in  substance  that  Mr.  Gibson  tells 
us  he  fooled  a  hawk  into  thinking  it  was  eating  something  as  dainty  as 
a  baby  chick.  He  threw  the  mushroom  into  the  air  —  the  hawk 
swooped  down  and  caught  it  in  its  claws,  shaking  it  as  if  to  kill  it, 
and  gobbled  it  down.  It  did  this  five  times,  and  acted  as  if  it  were 
being  treated  to  a  great  delicacy. 

All  books  on  mushrooms  that  I  have  read  ended  with  such  deli- 
cious recipes  for  cooking  them,  that  I  longed  to  start  right  in  and  raise 
them,  so  that /or  once  I  could  have  all  I  wished. 

16 


Pollenization 

Like  Spanish  galleons  in  from  the  seas 

With  onyx  and  gold  from  rich  Peru, 

Heavy  with  treasure,  and  singing,  my  bees 

Float  in  from  the  blue. 

Powdery  plunder  of  green  and  gold, 

Gay  little  gems  of  purple  and  red — 

The  bees  have  not  begged  them  nor  bought  them  nor  sold — 

They  steal  them  instead! 

Laden  with  deUcate  dust  from  a  flower 

To  the  heart  of  another  a  pillager  slips — 

And  a  wonder  is  done  in  the  plundering  hour 

Of  these  my  ships! 

Grace  Allen. 


Bees  and  Flowers 

By  Letitia  Wright,  Jr. 

The  art  of  bee-keeping  has  come  down  to  us  from  great  antiquity, 
and  curious  customs  legends,  and  myths  are  connected  with  its  his- 
tory. From  the  Bible,  from  mythology,  and  the  hieroglyphs  of  Egypt, 
we  know  that  bees  were  kept  and  that  honey  was  eaten  to  a  greater 
extent  than  is  the  case  now.  This  may  be  due  to  the  fact  that  cane 
sugar  did  not  appear  in  Europe  until  the  seventeenth  century.  As 
we  all  know,  sweets  are  necessary;  honey  therefore  was  more  needed 
then  than  it  has  been  since. 

Aside  from  the  value  of  honey,  the  bees  themselves  are  of  the  great- 
est benefit,  in  fact  they  are  a  necessity  to  the  fruit  growers,  as  they 
poUenize  the  blossoms  and  set  the  fruit.  The  berry  growers,  too,  need 
the  honey  bee;  even  blue  berries  and  cranberries  are  larger  and  bear 
more  heavily  when  bees  are  kept  near  at  hand,  than  when  left  to  the 
care  of  wild  bees,  or  those  belonging  to  distant  neighbors.  Bee-keeping 
and  fruit-growing  are  so  closely  related,  and  the  one  depends  so  largely 
upon  the  other,  that  it  seems  curious  that  bee-keepers  and  fruit-grow- 
ers have  had  so  many  differences.  These  are  growing  less  and  less  as 
the  fruit-grower  learns  the  nature  and  habits  of  bees.  One  of  these 
differences  occurs  when  the  fruit-grower  who  has  not  been  able  to 
spray  bis  fruit  trees  before  the  blossoms  open,  feels  it  is  better  late 
than  never,  and  sprays  the  open  flowers.  This  causes  great  mortality 
among  the  bees  and  a  consequent  loss  to  their  owner  not  only  in  bees 
but  also  in  the  amount  of  honey  gathered.   Later  in  the  season,  long 

17 


after  the  bloom  is  past,  he  may  spray  a  third  time  when,  if  he  happens 
to  have  a  cover  crop  of  clover  in  bloom,  the  bees  suffer  again.  On  the 
other  hand  the  fruit  grower  finds  the  honey  bee  sucking  the  juice  from 
his  peaches  and  grapes  and  is  very  angry.  The  honey  bee  is  innocent 
in  this  case  as  she  does  not  bite  nor  pierce  fruit;  but  when  this  has 
been  done  by  some  other  insect  or  bird,  or  the  fruit  has  rotted  so  that 
the  juice  is  exposed,  then  the  honey  bee  sucks  the  fruit  and,  with  her 
usual  ardor  and  thoroughness,  works  away  until  all  the  juice  is  taken; 
she  is  however  working  on  fruit  which  would  not  stand  transportation 
to  market. 

The  growing  of  cucumbers  for  pickles  is  quite  an  industry,  thou- 
sands of  acres  are  planted  each  year  for  the  pickle  factories  alone.  To 
obtain  a  crop  from  these  acres  hundreds  of  colonies  of  bees  must  be 
at  hand,  for  the  stamens  and  pistils  are  in  different  flowers  on  the 
plant.  When  cucumbers  are  grown  under  glass,  hives  of  bees  are 
taken  into  the  green  houses.  The  squash,  melon,  pumpkin  and  water- 
melon belong  to  the  same  family  (the  gourd  family)  as  the  cucumber 
does  and  for  the  same  reason  need  bees. 

The  seed  producers,  who  grow  white  clover,  alsike  clover,  sweet 
clover  or  alfalfa  for  seed,  must  keep  bees  or  grow  their  crops  in  the 
neighborhood  of  some  apiary  in  order  to  obtain  the  best  results  per 
acre.  This  connection  of  the  honey  bee  with  the  production  of  more 
and  better  fruit  and  seed,  was  not  realized  by  the  ancient  bee-keeper, 
who  thought  that  bees  were  created  for  man  alone,  to  gather  the  nec- 
tar from  the  flowers  and  to  make  honey  for  him.  "A  land  flowing  with 
milk  and  honey"  the  promised  land  of  the  Israelites  shows  this  con- 
nection, for  where  there  is  honey  there  will  be  fruit  and  vegetables 
and  grazing  fields,  a  bountiful  land  for  man  and  beast. 

Another  most  wonderful  phase  of  bees  in  their  relation  to  flowers 
which  may  be  called  "bees  as  builders  of  flowers"  is  of  interest  to 
every  gardener.  The  beautiful  flowers  that  grow  in  our  gardens,  which 
are  garbed  in  brilliant  hues,  are  thus  adorned  to  attract  insects  or 
birds,  who  will  fertilize  them.  Those  flowers  which  are  insignificant 
in  color  or  size,  attract  by  secreting  nectar.  Some  small  flowers  have 
grown  in  clusters  so  that  they  appear  as  one  large  flower,  and  thus 
show  from  a  greater  distance.  The  color  and  shape  of  each  flower 
and  the  position  of  its  nectary  is  adapted  to  the  special  insect  which 
can  fertihze  it,  and  to  aid  and  hasten  this  work,  the  flower  has  guides 
and  signs,  which  only  add  to  its  beauty,  and  certainly  add  to  our  inter- 
est when  we  understand  them.  Thus  in  the  violet  the  veins  on  the 
lower  petal  serve  as  nectar  guides,  in  the  foxglove,  the  corolla  is  spotted 
on  the  lower  inner  side.  The  flowers  of  the  white  clover,  after  they 
have  been  visited  by  a  bee  and  pollenized,  bend  downward  and  turn 


reddish  or  brown,  leaving  the  flowers  containing  nectar  erect  and 
fresh.  This  shows  the  bees  just  where  the  nectar  has  aheady  been 
gathered,  and  prevents  unnecessary  work.  The  clovers  are  a  nectar 
secreting  flower,  and  when  this  is  ready  to  gather  they  send  out  a  deli- 
cious perfume. 

The  basswood  or  linden  tree  has  small  flowers,  from  which  the 
honey  bee  gathers  quantities  of  nectar.  Buckwheat,  thyme,  sage, 
dandelion,  goldenrod,  wild  aster  and  many  other  wayside  flowers  and 
weeds  jdeld  nectar  to  the  honey  bee. 

In  the  flower  garden  the  honey  bee  is  very  fond  of  the  Caryopteris 
or  blue  spirea,  Scabiosa,  and  the  Clethra  or  sweet  pepper  bush,  this 
latter  also  attracts  many  other  insects.  The  hollyhocks  give  only 
pollen,  as  do  so  many  of  the  garden  flowers,  but  they  are  very  popular 
with  the  honey  bees. 

Of  the  five  thousand  species  of  the  pea  family,  most  of  them  are 
sought  after  by  the  bee;  the  bean,  clover,  locust,  the  vetch  and  a  host 
of  others  are  among  them.  In  this  family  it  is  interesting  to  study  the 
many  different  ways  in  which  the  flower  applies  the  pollen  to  the  bee's 
body.  Sometimes  it  is  pumped  out  or  brushed  out,  while  some  flowers 
use  an  explosive  mechanism.  A  flower  whose  clever  little  device  may 
easily  be  seen  is  the  sheep-laurel,  in  whose  blossom  "  the  stamens  are 
elastic  and  when  touched  by  the  legs  of  a  bee,  the  anthers  which  are 
held  in  little  pockets  in  the  corolla,  are  released,  and  flying  upward 
throw  the  pollen  over  the  bee."  Bees  in  collecting  pollen  or  nectar, 
are  faithful  to  one  species  of  flower,  so  that  the  pollen  is  never  wasted, 
but  is  always  carried  where  it  can  fertihze. 

There  are  flowers  which  aie  pollenized  by  bumble  bees.  Among 
these  are  the  Aquiligia,  or  columbine,  the  Delphinium  or  larkspur, 
and  the  Aconites  or  monkshood.  This  last  family  is  so  dependent  on 
bumblebees  that  it  cannot  be  grown  in  countries  where  there  are  none 
such  as  Australia,  Arabia,  South  Africa  and  New  Zealand.  Red  clover, 
a  bumble  bee  flower,  was  taken  to  New  Zealand  and  planted.  It  grew 
well  and  was  filled  with  bloom,  but  of  course  produced  no  seed  much 
to  the  disappointment  of  the  farmers  who  were  experimenting  with 
it.  When  they  learned  the  cause  of  its  sterility  they  imported  several 
species  of  bumble  bees  from  England,  which  have  multiplied  rapidly, 
and  the  clover  seed  industry  in  New  Zealand  is  now  a  success.  There 
is  a  pretty  little  legend  about  the  red  clover  and  why  it  does  not  yield 
nectar  to  the  honey  bee.  In  the  Middle  Ages  the  monks  kept  bees, 
whom  they  expected  to  observe  their  religious  rules.  One  Sabbath 
morning  a  field  of  red  clover  opened,  and  the  bees,  regardless  of  the 
holy  day,  worked  all  day  long.  Ever  since,  for  punishment,  the 
red  clover  has  been  denied  them.  Sometimes  after  seasons  of  drought 

19 


the  red  clover  blossom  is  so  dwarfed  that  the  honey  bee  can  reach  its 
nectar. 

Who  has  not  loved  the  Buddleia,  the  butterfly  bush  or  summer  lilac 
just  because  it  attracts  those  lovely  insects,  the  butterflies?  The  social 
flowers  of  the  type  composite  are  very  attractive  to  the  butterflies. 
Sweet  William,  several  species  of  Lychnis  that  have  bright  red  flowers, 
the  carmine  flowers  of  the  stemless  catchfly,  the  orange  red  lily,  and 
some  of  the  orchids  are  among  the  flowers  pollenated  by  the  butter- 
flies. The  butterfly  flowers  are  nearly  all  red  flowers  but  these  in- 
sects visit  many,  which  they  cannot  pollenate,  and  as  they  do  not 
gather  pollen,  but  live  on  nectar  alone,  they  are  far  less  important 
than  bees,  and  much  less  constant  in  their  visits.  As  a  general  rule 
the  red  and  yellow  flowers  are  more  attractive  to  the  birds  and  butter- 
flies, while  the  bees  prefer  the  white  and  blue  flowers. 

The  quaint,  picturesque  straw  skep  or  hive  is  always  desired  when 
bees  are  to  be  placed  in  a  garden.  It  is,  however,  a  miserable,  out-of- 
date  makeshift  for  the  bees.  The  only  way  to  really  get  a  picturesque 
effect  and  keep  the  bees  properly  is,  to  use  the  modern  up-to-date 
hives  and  equipment,  and  place  a  straw  thatched  roof  on  the  top  of 
each  hive.  This  gives  a  quaint  and  attractive  appearance  to  the  square 
white  houses,  which  otherwise  present  somewhat  the  effect  of  a  grave 
yard.  In  placing  the  hives  in  your  garden  do  not  make  the  mistake  of 
placing  them  too  near  where  you  must  work.  Bees  take  a  straight 
course,  or  bee  line  for  home  when  laden  with  nectar  or  pollen,  and  if 
y6u  are  walking  back  and  forth  in  front  of  their  hives,  you  will  be 
struck  by  their  heavily  laden  bodies,  too  heavy  and  coming  too  fast 
to  turn  aside.  This  is  a  great  annoyance  to  gardener  and  bees  alike, 
which  the  latter  resent  by  stinging  the  former.  Though  small  in  size, 
the  honey  bee  certainly  makes  herself  felt;  but  as  she  yields  her  life 
when  she  stings,  she  forfeits  all  to  protect  her  home.  This  instinct  of 
protection  and  loyalty  to  the  hive  is  only  one  sign  of  the  government 
or  community  to  which  the  bee  belongs. 

"For  where's  the  state  beneath  the  firmament 
That  doth  excel  the  bees  for  government."    Du  Bartas. 
High  Priced  Tulips 

Speculation  in  Tulips  has  again  started  in  Holland.  One  bushel  of 
the  marvelous  Tulip  Afterglow  was  sold  on  the  Haarlem  Exchange  for 
about  $1500  per  bushel;  the  very  beautiful  Tulip  Cherbourg  was  sold 
for  $200  per  row  of  eight  bulbs.  Darwin  TuUp  Afterglow  is  a  sport  of 
Darwin  and  Baronne  de  la  Tonnaye.  The  color  is  soft  apricot  orange, 
tinged  pink,  with  a  Ught  orange  edge.  It  is  a  really  unique  color  in 
Darwin  Tulips.  The  price  paid  shows  the  confidence  of  Holland 
growers  in  good  TuHps.  — The  Garden. 

20 


6S 


Plan  of  a  Small  Flower  Garden 

By  Rose  Standish  Nichols 

The  shaded  portions  represent  the  paths,  the  blank  portions  are 
beds. 

The  outside  dimensions  are  65  feet  by  36  feet. 

The  Problem  is  to  plant  this  garden  with  10  Perennials,  5  Armuals 
and  2  Biennials  so  as  to  get  a  succession  of  bloom  from  the  middle  of 
May  to  the  middle  of  September.  For  more  northerly  gardens  this 
date  may  be  one  week  later. 

Hedge  Plants  or  a  wall  may  be  used,  stating  variety  or  type.  If 
a  waU,  or  any  garden  ornaments  are  added,  expense  should  be  taken 
into  consideration. 

Planting  plaris  should  be  sent  to  Miss  Nichols,  55  Mt.  Vernon  St., 
Boston,  not  later  than  December  5th.  The  award  and  winning  plan 
will  be  published  in  the  January  Bulletin. 


The  Garden  Miscellany 

"But  where  can  we  get  it?"  was  the  constant  question  during  Pro- 
fessor's Wilson's  talk  on  Choice  Shrubs  before  the  Easthampton  Gar- 
den Club  this  summer;  a  talk  illustrated  by  fifty  branches  of  new  or 
rare  ornamental  shrubs  from  the  Arnold  Arboretum.  The  answer  was: 
"Since  the  Plant  Exclusion  Act  you  will  have  to  hunt  diligently  for 
it  among  our  nurseries;  maybe  Hicks  or  Andorra  or  Gillette  or  Far- 
quhar  have  it.  If  not  you  must  get  the  seed  from  Europe  and  be  pa- 
tient for  years  till  it  matures!" 

21 


This  cue  led  us  to  the  need  and  aim  of  this  department.  If  we  can 
save  you  some  steps  and  correspondence  by  telling  you  where  some 
particular  plant  can  be  found,  we  shall  not  have  lived  in  vain ! 

We  hope  also  to  notify  you  in  these  columns  just  when  to  visit 
certain  Amateur  and  Commercial  Collections. 

Why  not  make  pilgrimages  to  Riverton,  Rutherford,  Wyomissing 
at  Iris  and  Paeony  time  or  to  Rochester  for  the  Lilacs,  as  the  Japanese 
do  to  the  Cherry  Gardens,  Wistaria  Arbors  or  Iris  Fields?  A  visit  to 
Westbury,  L.  I.,  at  shrub  blooming  time  and  a  walk  through  the  nur- 
series with  Mr.  Hicks;  or  a  talk  with  Mr.  Earle  in  the  perennial  de- 
partment at  Bobbink  &  Atkins  will  not  only  make  a  red-letter  day 
for  you  but  be  a  tremendous  help  to  your  garden. 

To  know  a  good  nursery  thoroughly,  know  it  month  by  month, 
is  the  supreme  help  for  an  Amateur.  It  is  like  having  your  palette 
well  set  up  with  paints.  Mark  the  actual  plants  that  you  need  with  a 
baggage  tag  taken  for  that  purpose  (name  and  address  written  in  in- 
delible pencil)  and  keep  your  own  note  of  it  too,  for  you  may  forget 
that  it  is  to  be  sent  to  you  at  the  proper  time. 

Indeed,  if  the  distance  is  not  great  from  nursery  to  garden,  any 
time  is  the  proper  time,  for  with  careful  shading  and  watering  for  the 
first  week  you  can  transplant  your  Iris,  Phlox,  Delphinium  or  almost 
any  perennial  in  full  bloom,  remembering  to  cut  off  the  bloom 
promptly  after  it  is  over.  Thus  you  have  got  just  the  right 
shade  of  color  or  plant  mass  in  just  the  right  place  and  have 
saved  six  months. 

This  year  we  were  able  to  get  the  following  varieties  satis- 
factorily at  the  following  places,  and  though  we  have  no  doubt 
that  they  are  obtainable  elsewhere  these  notes  may  save  you  a 
weary  search. 

Seed 

Named  Delphinium  seed.  (Most  of  our  Nursery  men  list  these  as 
"Kelway's  Hybrids"  or  "Gold  Medal  Hybrids.") 

Queen  Wilhelmina,  pale  blue  and  mauve,  7  feet.  King  of  Delphin- 
iums. JuUus  Roehrs,  Rutherford,  N.  J. 

Monarch  of  All;  Dusky  Monarch;  Langport  Glory.  Kelway  & 
Sons,  Langport,  Somerset,  England. 

Didiscus  Coerulus;  Salvia  Hormium.  Max  Schling,  24  West  59, 
N.  Y. 

Pale  Primrose  Annual  Chrysanthemum.  (C.  Coronarium  60390); 
Matricaria  FL.  PL.;  Examina;  Ellen  Wilmott  Pink  Verbena.  Thor- 
bum  &  Co.,  53  Barclay  St.,  N.  Y. 

22 


Plants 

Viola  Cornuti  Mauve  Queen,  Farquhar,  Boston. 

Purple  Petunia,  Herman  Heubler,  Groton,  Mass. 

Father  Hugh's  Rose  (Rosa  Hugosis) .  Conard  &  Jones,  West  Grove, 
Pa.  Also  Farquhar,  Boston. 

Clematis  Elinor  Mosher  (Large  White  Climber).  Bobbink  & 
Atkins,  Rutherford,  N.  J. 

Rare  late  Lilac  (Syringa  Villosa).  Hicks  &  Sons,  Westbury,  L.  I. 

Delphinium  Moerhemi  (which  will  not  seed  but  should  be  used 
more  in  our  gardens  as  in  Mrs.  Pirie's  exquisite  border  at  Lake  Forest). 
Bobbink  &  Atkins. 

Hanny  Pfeiderer  Phlox  (Cream  White);  Caran  d'Ache  Phlox. 
Elm  Leigh  Nurseries,  Putney,  Vermont. 

Saturea  Montana.  Henry  Dreer,  Philadelphia. 

Pot  Grown  rare  Wall  Garden  plants  from  Enghsh  seed.   Palisade 
Nurseries,  SparkUl,  N.  Y. 
Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill  Anna  Gilman  Hill. 

960  Park  Avenue 
New  York 


The  Rose  in  the  Balkans 

One  of  the  major  commodities  aiding  in  the  return  of  at  least  one 
belligerent  nation  to  a  peace  time  basis  is  the  Rose.  Bulgaria  is 
negotiating  now  for  an  exchange  of  Rose  oil  for  Wheat  to  relieve  the 
food  situation  in  that  country.  The  Bulgarian  Government  controls 
the  export  stocks  and  has  fixed  a  price  of  $17.50  an  ounce  for  this  com- 
modity. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  Bulgarian  Rose  oil  is  distilled  in  small  quan- 
tities by  individual  peasants.  The  crop  season  is  short  and  a  tremen- 
dous quantity  of  Roses  must  be  handled  to  produce  even  a  small 
amount  of  the  oil.  There  are,  of  course,  large  companies  doing  this 
work  on  a  much  larger  scale,  but  even  these  are  glad  to  purchase  the 
product  of  the  peasants.  The  normal  crop  is  from  35,000  to  40,000 
kilos.  The  wear  has  played  havoc  with  the  industry,  however,  and  the 
probabilities  are  that  the  oil  now  available  will  be  about  one-half 
that  amount. 

The  importance  of  this  industry  is  further  manifested  by  the 
organization  of  the  Bank  of  Roses  in  Sofia.  This  is  to  be  a  banking  and 
trading  institution  with  a  capital  of  4,000,000  francs. 

— Exchange. 

23 


Department  of  Plant  Material 

The  department  of  plant  material  makes  no  promises  beyond  the 
one  of  doing  its  very  best.  Its  editors  will  try  to  give  accurate  in- 
formation about  plants,  and  definite  directions  for  their  culture. 
Success  sometimes  depends  on  such  seemingly  unimportant  things, — 
for  instance,  the  shy  blooming  of  old  peonies  may  be  caused  by  the 
slow  accretion  of  soil  over  the  crowns.  You  planted  your  peonies  at 
the  proper  depth,  or  rather  lack  of  depth,  but  year  after  year  fer- 
tilizer and  leaf  mold  have  gathered  over  them,  and  suddenly  they  stop 
blooming.  Remove  an  inch  or  two  of  soil,  and  they  will  again  be  one 
of  the  glories  of  June.  The  lovely  Rose  Acacia  has  strangely  brittle 
twigs, — they  crack  even  when  they  do  not  break  off  in  the  strong  winds. 
A  split  twig  is  too  busy  mending  itself  to  bloom.  Stake  the  plant 
properly,  and  it  will  reward  you  with  exquisite  flowers. 

Such  are  the  things  this  department  will  try  to  tell,  as  well  as 
the  names  and  descriptions  of  new  plants.  When  we  do  not  know, 
and  cannot  find  it  in  the  printed  word,  we  will  ask,  and  where  pos- 
sible, we  will  give  our  authority.  The  department  will  expect  the 
co-operation  of  each  Member  Club  when  information  pertaining  to 
their  locality  is  needed. 

We  hope  to  be  asked  many  questions  that  will  try  our  mettle,  and 
we  look  forward  to  plenty  of  healthy,  though  heated,  disagreements. 

Being  an  ardent  admirer  of  Harrison's  Yellow  rose,  the  new  and 
much  vaunted  Rosa  Hugonis  will  have  to  earn  its  spurs  in  my  garden. 
Harrison's  Yellow  is  perfectly  hardy  in  and  around  Chicago,  where 
Dorothy  Perkins  requires  winter  protection;  it  is  free  from  every 
pest,  grows  vigorously  and  blooms  lavishly  if  given  ordinary  care, 
and  will  not  only  live  but  will  bloom  under  conditions  of  neglect  that 
would  kill  any  other  cultivated  rose.  It  has  an  interesting  history 
in  that  it  is  one  of  the  early  American  roses,  and  a  hybrid  of  Rosa 
spinosissima  and  Rosa  foetida,  the  lovely  but  evil-smelling  Persian 
rose.  It  has  inherited  the  freedom  from  insect  pests  from  its  spiney 
parent,  and  the  sunny  butter-colored  blossoms  from  the  Persian,  but, 
praises  to  the  Goddess  Flora!  it  has  not  inherited  the  odour  that  so 
well  earns  the  name  for  the  species. 

I  have  heard  an  amusing  story  of  the  Harrison  Yellow  rose;  how 
true,  I  cannot  say.  It  seems  that  Queen  Victoria  was  extremely  fond 
of  the  Persian  rose,  but  the  odour  made  her  ill.  Someone  took  the 
new  American  hybrid  to  England,  planted  and  tended  it,  and  in  due 
time,  presented  the  young  queen  with  a  huge  bouquet  of  the  lovely 
sprays  of  bloom.  Tradition  says  that  an  international  incident  was 
made  of  the  charming  gift,  and  that  the  never-faUing  good-will  of 

24 


England's  Queen  toward  the  United  States  dates  from  that  happy 
moment. 

The  Rosa  Hugonis  is  as  lovely,  I  will  concede.  The  long 
sprays  of  single  yellow  flowers,  the  color  of  primroses,  are 
quite  as  beautiful  as  the  same  long  sprays  of  the  semi-double 
Harrison  rose.  The  two  are  charming  together,  and  I  would 
have  them  both. 

I  recently  met  one  of  our  great  rose  growers  and  his  enthusiasm 
for  the  Rosa  Hugonis  made  me  champion  the  Harrison  rose  with  per- 
haps too  great  emphasis.  At  last  he  silenced  me  with  this  withering 
remark  "The  Rosa  Hugonis  is  a  perfect  ancestor  1"  (See  Mr.  ^Mc- 
Farland's  article.) 

Gladiolus  Primulinus 

It  may  be  desirable  to  place  on  record,  before  they  are  forgotten, 
the  facts  connected  with  the  above  group  of  flowering  plants,  as 
these  constitute  some  of  the  most  beautiful  and  decorative  flowers  at 
present  grown.  During  the  construction  of  the  important  railway 
bridge  across  the  gorge  of  the  Zambesi  in  Rhodesia — of  which  Sir 
Charles  Metcalfe,  Bart.,  and  Sir  Douglas  Fox  and  Partners  were  the 
engineers — the  resident  engineer,  Mr.  S.  F.  Townsend,  found  certain 
flowers  which  were  growing  under  the  spray  of  the  Victoria  Falls,  and 
which  seemed  to  thrive  notv^dthstanding  the  deluge  of  water,  which 
ver}^  soon  soaked  the  discoverer  to  the  skin  in  obtaining  them.  He, 
being  a  gardener,  kindly  sent  in  1902  four  bulbs  or  corms  by  post  to 
Wimbledon;  but,  not  knowing  what  they  were,  was  unable  to  give 
any  clue  as  to  the  treatment  they  required.  As,  however,  they  came 
from  Central  Africa,  and  were  therefore  accustomed  to  heat  and  to 
almost  continual  rain  from  the  Falls,  my  head-gardener,  Mr.  John 
Richards,  and  I  decided  that  we  would  give  them  both  a  high  tem- 
perature and  wet  treatment. 

On  December  i,  1903,  we  were  rewarded  by  the  appearance  of 
three  or  four  spikes  of  bloom  of  a  deHcate  and  beautiful  growth,  viith 
leaves  xery  similar  to  those  of  Montbretia,  the  plants  standing  about 
2  feet  in  height.  The  flower  was  of  a  rich  butter  yellow,  self-coloured, 
the  centre  petal  of  which  was  bent  down  or  depressed,  forming  a  hood 
over  the  pistil  and  stamens,  thus  protecting  the  pollen  from  falling 
rain.  It  was  e\idently  due  to  this  pecuharity  and  provision  of  such  a 
remarkable  character  that  the  plant  thrived  and  increased  under 
apparently  most  unpromising  conditions. 

One  of  the  spikes  was  immediately  sent  by  messenger  to  the  then 
Director  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens  at  Kew,  Sir  William  Thiselton- 

25 


Dyer,  K.C.M.G.,  F.R.S.,  and  a  letter  was  brought  back  from  that 
gentleman,  of  which  the  following  is  an  extract: 

"December  i,  1903. — Your  beautiful  specimen  arrived  in  perfect 
condition  and  gave  us  all  much  pleasure.  It  is  a  Gladiolus  of  a  type 
which  is  rather  widely  spread  in  Tropical  Africa,  and  comes  apparently 
very  close  to  one  named  G.  primuUnus,  but  from  a  horticultural  point 
of  view  it  seems  to  us  quite  unique  and  a  brilliant  discovery.  I  hope 
if  you  are  disposed  to  part  with  any  of  them  you  will  give  Kew 
the  first  chance.  It  ought  to  be  the  starting  point  of  a  new 
race  of  garden  Gladioli.  I  must  congratulate  you  on  the  brilliant 
success  of  your  cultural  treatment,  which  could  not  have  been 
surpassed  here." 

Some  of  the  corms  were  then  sent,  not  only  to  Kew,  but  to  the 
Physic  Garden  at  Chelsea,  to  the  Botanic  Gardens  at  Cambridge  and 
Edinburgh,  to  growers  of  Gladioli,  such  as  Messrs.  Kelway,  Wallace, 
Groff  of  Simcoe,  Canada;  also  to  Holland,  Belgium  and  the  United 
States,  as  we  felt  that  it  would  be  in  the  interests  of  horticultvure  and 
of  all  flower-loving  people  that  the  widest  pubHcity  should  be  ac- 
corded. It  was  illustrated  in  the  Gardeners^  Magazine,  September  3, 
1904,  under  the  name  of  Maid  of  the  Mist,  and  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  June,  1906. 

We  at  once  made  attempts  to  hybridise  the  plant,  crossing  it  with 
Gladiolus  gandavensis  and  others,  and  in  about  three  years  we  suc- 
ceeded in  producing  some  of  the  most  lovely  results,  the  flowers 
ranging  from  pure  white  to  butter  yellow,  rich  carmine,  reds,  browns, 
cream  tints,  others  with  petals  of  yellow  streaked  with  red.  The 
vigour  and  physique  of  the  Ghent  parent  were  imparted  to  the  fol- 
lowing generations,  with  the  result  that  a  height  of  8  feet  has  been 
reached.  The  interesting  fact  that  the  hooded  petal  is  retained  and 
that  the  lovely  yellow  of  the  African  plant  is  the  predominant  colour 
adds  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the  flowers. 

For  decorative  purposes  we  know  of  nothing  to  surpass  this  new 
addition  to  our  flower  garden.  A  few  of  these  flowers  in  a  suitable 
vase  placed  in  the  centre  of  a  table  with  electric  light  faUing  on  it 
is  an  exquisite  picture,  and  fully  corroborates  Sir  William's  prediction 
that  G.  primulinus  would  prove  the  commencement  of  an  entirely  new 
race  of  Gladioh.  From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  seen  that  a  period  of 
seventeen  years  has  elapsed  from  the  date  of  its  discovery  to  the  time 
of  these  beautiful  results. 

Sir  Francis  Fox,  M.  Inst.  C.  E.    Reprint  from  The  Garden  of  Sep- 
tember 20,  igiQ. 
Mrs.  Charles  M.  Hubbard,  Louise  S.  Hubbard. 

Winnetka,  111. 

26 


BOOK   REVIEWS 

The  Literary  Committee  submits  the  following  outline  of  its 
program  in  accordance  with  the  Plan  for  the  Enlargement  and  Im- 
provement of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

1.  Reviews  of  the  best  recently  pubHshed  books  on  gardening. 

2.  Retrospective  reviews  of  older  books  especially  suitable  for 
the  nucleus  of  a  Garden  Library,  the  Ust  to  be  selected  with 
the  aid  of  the  best  advice  procurable.  All  books  marked  (*), 
whether  new  or  old,  are  among  those  considered  suitable  for  this 
permanent  library. 

3.  Comments  on  articles  of  special  interest  appearing  in  the 
leading  garden  magazines  published  in  this  country  and  abroad. 

*A  Trilogy  op  the  Garden 

"My  Garden  Series"  by  E.  A.  Bowles,  M.  A.  Dodge  Publishing 
Company.     ($2.50  per  volume.) 

" My  Garden  in  Spring,"  "My  Garden  in  Summer,"  "My  Garden 
in  Autumn  and  Winter." 

If  you  have  never  been  fortunate  enough  to  walk  through  Mr. 
Bowles'  Garden  in  the  "really- truly,"  then  do  it  in  the  "make- 
believe."  Pull  up  your  favorite  chair  to  the  fireside  some  frosty 
evening,  and  begin  first  on  "My  Garden  in  Spring." 

Mr.  Bowles  will  lead  you  down  to  the  river  bank  and  along  half 
hidden  paths  where  snowdrops  and  primroses,  early  iris,  crocus,  and 
dafifodils  smUe  up  at  you,  and  later  the  stately  tulips  survey  you  with 
their  quiet  dignity.  He  \\dll  talk  to  you  intimately  of  the  plants,  and 
tell  you  how  he  succeeded  in  making  each  rare  variety,  brought  from 
some  distant  land,  feel  content  and  happy  in  its  new  surroundings. 
His  children  of  the  garden  are  tended  with  love  and  care  for  their 
comfort,  and  they  repay  him  for  fold  ynih  their  mass  of  bloom  and 
healthy  foliage. 

Then,  when  you  wonder  if  this  ground  becomes  bare  and  brown 
after  "daffy"  has  gone,  take  "My  Garden  in  Summer,"  and  Mr. 
Bowles  will  lead  you  down  the  same  walks,  now  a  riot  of  bearded 
flags,  June  Hhes,  flowering  shrubs  and  pretty  creeping  things.  And 
he  win  explain  the  magic  of  his  touch  and  straight  away  you  will 
want  to  get  up  and  go  out  with  a  lantern  to  dig  up  your  own  garden, 
even  if  it  be  near  midnight  and  snowing  hard. 

Then  read  "My  Garden  in  Autumn  and  Winter"  and  learn  how  to 
carry  on  the  mass  of  colour  until  winter  finally  puts  it  all  to  sleep 
tucked  imder  its  thick  white  blanket. 

27 


Mr.  Bowles  is  a  scientist,  and  one  sometimes  wishes  that  he 
would  call  his  children  more  often  by  their  Christian  names;  thought 
perhaps  it  is  just  as  well,  for  his  collection  contains  the  rarest  varieties 
of  every  species,  and  we  may  not  recognize  them  any  other  way. 

We  must  always  bear  in  mind,  however,  that  his  garden  is  in 
England,  and  not  here,  where  the  winter  temperatures  try  to  run  the 
mercury  out  of  the  bulb,  and  the  heat  of  our  summers  tries  the 
strength  of  all  but  the  hardiest. 

We  cannot  in  our  climate  grow  "hardy"  palms,  nor  have  Iris 
Unguicularis  blooming  from  November  to  March.  Nor  do  we  need 
to  plant  our  campanulas  on  gravel  soil,  and  wall  in  the  rose  garden  to 
keep  it  warm. 

Nevertheless  every  page  contains  valuable  information  as  well  as 
inspiration.  To  quote  Mr.  Reginald  Farrer  in  his  preface,  "  Come  into 
Mr.  Bowles'  garden  and  learn  what  true  gardening  is  ...  .  There 
are  nowadays  so  many  gardeners  that  gardens  are  growing  every 
year  more  rare."  (Signed)  Henrietta  M.  Stout. 

*  "What  England  can  teach  us  about  Gardening" — by  Wilhelm 
Miller,  Ph.  D.     ($5.00) 

Mr.  Miller  gives  as  the  purpose  of  his  books  the  desire  to  inspire 
Americans  to  make  more  and  better  gardens  and  after  a  careful 
reading  no  one  could  fail  to  feel  that  inspiration.  There  are  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  beautiful  illustrations,  eight  of  them  in  color.  The 
pictures  are  all  of  English  gardens,  but  the  particular  merit  of  the 
book  is  that  it  tells  us  how  to  get  the  exquisite  English  effects  with  the 
material  at  our  command,  and  at  this  time  when  the  quarantine 
against  foreign  grown  nursery  stock  narrows  our  choice,  the  more  we 
can  learn  about  our  native  plant  material  the  better. 

The  book  is  divided  into  chapters  dealing  with  gardening  in  its 
different  forms,  making  it  possible  to  find  readily  the  subject  in  which 
one  is  interested,  and  foot  notes  give  references  for  an  infinite  amount 
of  further  reading. 

The  chapter  on  Conifers  is  especially  helpful.  Many  evergreens 
which  thrive  in  England  or  on  the  Pacific  Coast  languish  on  the 
Atlantic  Seaboard,  and  we  are  given  their  equivalent  for  purposes  of 
effect  in  material,  which,  whether  native  or  an  introduction  from  China 
or  Japan,  is  adapted  to  our  conditions  and  will  prove  long  lived. 

We  all  so  ardently  wish  to  make  our  country  more  beautiful,  to 
achieve  the  look  of  finish  and  luxuriance  of  growth  which  makes  all  of 
England  seem  Hke  a  garden;  and  in  every  page  we  are  shown  how  to 
accomplish  this  without  loss  of  time  and  the  making  of  costly  mistakes. 

28 


The  manner  of  the  book  is  as  delightful  as  the  matter  is  noteworthy; 
there  is  not  a  dry  or  technical  paragraph,  yet  the  information 
is  the  fruit  of  real  knowledge  and  rare  insight.  It  is  a  book 
for  beginners  in  the  sense  that  it  is  not  technical  or  difficult  to 
understand  but  in  no  sense  is  it  for  beginners  only.  It  is  a  book 
to  own  and  refer  to. 

In  the  American  Florist,  dsLte  of  September  13,  igiQjis  the  report  of 
a  meeting  held  at  Detroit  on  August  21st  by  the  Society  of  American 
Florists  at  which  Dr.  C.  L.  Marlatt,  Chairman  of  the  Federal  Horti- 
cultural Board,  made  an  address  on  the  subject  of  Plant  Quarantine 
Ruling  No.  37 — Dr.  Marlatt  gives  as  the  intention  of  the  Quarantine 
Act,  the  prevention  of  the  introduction  of  new  plant  enemies  into  the 
United  States.  The  application  of  Quarantine  RuUng  No.  37  which 
has  to  do  with  the  exclusion  of  nursery  stock,  orchids  and  certain  bulbs 
and  roots  has  resulted  in  great  hardship  to  the  importers  and  nursery 
men,  and  will  mean  for  the  amateur  gardener  the  loss  of  much  of  the 
material  which  has  made  our  gardens  beautiful. 

Congressman  M.  L.  Davey,  speaking  before  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Gardeners  at  Cleveland  outHned  a  practical  way  to  secure  a 
modification  of  the  plant  exclusion  ruHng.  His  suggestion  may  be  read 
in  full  in  Horticulture,  date  of  September  20th.  It  is  briefly,  that 
Horticulturists  attempt  to  secure  a  full  hearing  before  the  Agricul- 
tural Committee  of  the  House  and  that  each  one  write  to  his  Congress- 
man insisting  upon  a  hearing  and  asking  him  to  use  his  influence  to 
that  end, — the  point  being  that  any  recommendation  which  the 
Agricultural  Committee  might  see  fit  to  make  would  undoubtedly 
be  carried  out  by  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board. 

The  French  Point  oe  View 

The  Horticultiirists,  notably  those  of  France  and  England,  are  pro- 
foundly disturbed  to  learn  that  after  June  i,  1919,  the  United  States 
intends  for  sanitary  reasons  to  forbid  the  importation  of  all  vegetable 
products.  Such  a  step,  if  it  is  taken,  will  be  infinitely  prejudicial  to 
legitimate  interests,  will  set  at  naught  long  and  patient  effort  and 
will  entail  disorganization  and  enforced  idleness. 

It  cannot  be  otherwise  between  nations  allied  and  friendly,  or 
truly  the  League  of  Nations  would  be  an  empty  word.  It  is  necessary 
that  friendly  relations  be  established  in  relatively  unimportant  ques- 
tions as  well  as  in  matters  of  the  first  importance.  Also,  there  is  room 
to  hope  that  the  "Conference  agricole  interaUiee"  which  meets 
periodically  at  Paris,  under  the  excellent  initiative  of  M.  V.  Boret  will 
discuss  this  interesting  subject. 

29 


It  can  easily  be  imagined  that  the  sanitary  services  of  the  in- 
terested countries  might  be  adjusted  to  conform  with  the  specifica- 
tions and  formaUties  demanded  for  importations.  This  done,  the 
technical  service  of  each  country  would  issue,  on  its  responsibihty,  to 
exporters  who  conformed  to  the  rules,  a  permit  which  would  remove 
all  obstacles.  It  is,  at  all  events,  inadmissible  that  any  industry  should 
suddenly  be  so  deeply  disturbed  by  a  measure  applicable  in  so  short 
a  time,  when  that  measure  concerns  itself  with  countries  hitherto 
united  by  so  many  bonds. 

The  application  of  this  decision  of  the  American  government  has 
upset  the  French  horticultural  world.  American  horticulturists 
and  rose  growers  are  equally  disturbed  and  have  asked  their 
government  if  it  is  not  possible  to  import  recent  varieties  of  roses 
and  the  novelties. 

Translated  from  Le  Jardin,  August  20,  1919. 


,  Botanical  Dictionary  to  be  Republished 

The  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture  is  to  undertake  the  revising  of  the  unique 
dictionary  pubHshed  by  Pritzel  in  the  middle  of  the  last  century 
and  long  since  out  of  print.  It  will  have  the  co-operation  of 
British  botanists  and  horticulturists  since  the  book  is  to  be 
reissued  and  brought  up  to  date  under  the  auspices  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society.  The  dictionary  originally  embraced  every 
important  picture  or  illustration  of  every  known  plant,  giving 
references  to  the  books  in  which  they  might  be  found.  The 
entries  number  about  100,000  and  run  down  to  1866.  It  is 
estimated  that  at  least  125,000  additional  entries  will  be  incor- 
porated in  the  new  edition. 

Mrs.  William  K.  Wallbridge,         Gertrude  S.  Wallbridge. 
Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


Department  of  Insect  Pests  and  Remedies 

At  the  beginning  this  department  offers  you  a  variety  of 
cures.  It  is  intensely  practical  and  gives  prices.  If  certain  insects 
marred  your  summer  write  now  and  tell  us.  We  will  try  to  give 
you  means  of  preventing  the  same  catastrophe  next  year.  Or,  if 
you  found  a  way  to  get  rid  of  them  send  it  that  others  may  profit  by 
your  experience. 

30 


Sprays  and  Spraying 

Formulas  for  Chewing  Insects 

1.  Arsenate  of  Lead:  If  bought  in  the  form  of  a  paste  instead  of  a 
powder,  it  mixes  more  readily  with  water. 

For  spraying  shade  trees,  the  usual  mixture  is  3  pounds  of  Arsenate 
to  50  gallon  barrel  of  water.  This  is  the  best  poison  in  general  use 
today  and  is  employed  successfully  in  combating  the  Tent  Cater- 
pillar, the  Elm  Tree  Beetle,  the  Tussock  and  Coddhng  Moth  and  all 
leaf  eating  insects.  The  addition  of  soap  to  an  arsenate  mixture  in- 
creases its  adhesiveness.   Price,  }4  pound,  40  cents;  5  pounds,  $2,75, 

2.  Paris  Green:  Settles  rapidly  in  water  and  is  easily  washed  off 
by  rain.  When  mixing,  stir  up  the  poison  to  form  a  thick  even  paste, 
then  add  water.  Use  3  to  5  ounces  to  50  gallon  barrel  of  water,  or  i 
teaspoonf ul  to  1 2  quarts  of  water. 

Used  chiefly  for  cabbage  worms  (only  if  the  leaves  are  attacked 
before  the  head  is  formed ;  if  after,  use  hellebore  or  salt  or  strong  alum 
water),  potato  bugs  and  other  chewing  insects.  Price,  2  ounces,  15 
cents;  i  pound,  65  cents. 

3.  White  Hellebore:  May  be  sifted  dry  on  plants  of  which  the 
fruit  is  soon  to  be  eaten. 

It  should  be  mixed  with  flour  or  lime  in  proportion  of  i  to  5  and 
scattered  thickly  on  the  plant  or  used  as  a  spray,  taking  4  ounces  of 
hellebore  to  2  gallons  of  water.  Price,  l4  pound, 40  cents;  i  pound,  65 
cents. 

Formulas  for  non-chewing  insects 

I.  Kerosene  Emulsion:  Should  be  prepared  as  follows:  ^  pound 
soap — laundry,  or  whale  oil;  i  gallon  water;  2  gallons  kerosene;  or  for 
limited  use,  2  ounces  soap;  i  quart  water;  2  quarts  kerosene. 

Dissolve  soap  in  soft  water.  Remove  from  the  fire  and  add  oil 
while  soap  solution  is  warm.  It  is  very  important  to  mix  this  thor- 
oughly and  it  can  be  done  by  churning  with  a  bicycle  pump  or  small 
sprayer,  until  it  turns  to  a  creamy  emulsion.  This  is  a  stock  solution 
and  should  be  diluted  before  being  applied. 

For  scale  insects  in  the  winter  time,  use  i  part  in  4  or  5  parts  of 
water.  In  summer  time  to  control  plant  lice  and  for  use  against  scale 
insects,  use  i  part  to  10  parts  of  water. 

In  damp  rainy  weather,  the  emulsion  should  never  be  applied 
at  the  strength  used  on  a  bright  day.  The  kerosene,  owing  to  its 
slower  evaporation,  has  an  injurious  effect  on  the  foliage  on  wet  days. 

Sucking  insects  must  be  reached  by  a  contact  insecticide  in  order 
to  kill  them.  Great  care  must  therefore  be  taken  in  the  selection  and 
application  of  sprays. 

31 


2.  Lime  and  Sulphur:  For  destroying  scale  and  fungus  growths, 
as  a  dormant  spray,  use:  i  gallon  of  the  wash  to  8}i  gallons  of  water 
for  summer  work,  i  gallon  of  wash  to  42  gallons  of  water. 

Always  apply  at  dormant  strength  late  in  winter  before  the  tree 
resumes  its  activity. 

It  is  seldom  advisable  to  spray  lime-sulphur  on  shade  trees  after 
the  foliage  is  out,  as  it  discolors  the  leaves  and  ruins  the  appearance 
of  the  tree.  It  should  be  applied  on  a  quiet  day  so  that  the  spray  will 
not  be  blown  on  dwellings  nor  on  evergreens.  The  surface  of  tree  to 
be  sprayed  should  be  dry,  so  do  not  apply  after  a  heavy  frost. 

The  odor  is  always  disagreeable. 

1.  San  Jose  Scale. 

2.  Oyster-shell  Scale. 

3.  Leaf -curl  on  peaches  (use  i  part  wash  to  15  parts  water). 

4.  Blister  Mite  (use  10^  parts  of  water  to  i  of  wash). 

For  these  pests  spray  in  winter  with  lime-sulphur.  Take  care 
not  to  get  it  on  the  hands  as  it  burns  badly.  Price,  i  quart,  30  cents, 
I  gallon,  75  cents,  5  gallons,  $2.75. 

3.  Whale  Oil  Soap:  For  scale  insects,  this  may  be  applied  in 
winter  at  the  rate  of  i^  to  2  pounds  to  i  gallon  of  water. 

In  summer  use  i  pound  to  4  gallons  of  water. 
This  answers  the  same  purpose  as  kerosene  emulsion. 
Price,  I  pound,  25  cents. 

4.  Tobacco:  The  best  extract  is  called  "Black  Leaf  40." 

For  plant  hce  use  i  part  to  1000  parts  of  water  or  ^  pint  to  100 
gallons  water  plus  3  to  5  pounds  of  soap  or  for  Hmited  use  i  ounce 
to  7  or  8  gallons  of  water  plus  5  ounces  soap,  or  still  smaller,  i  tea- 
spoonful  to  I  gallon  of  water. 

This  is  excellent  in  combating  Woolly  Aphids,  Rose  Scale, 
Green  Aphis,  Thrips,  Leaf-curl  on  fruit  trees  and  rose  bushes.  Price, 
^2  pound,  $1.00. 

These  formulas  have  been  taken  from  the  compilations  of  the 
National  Plant,  Flower  and  Fruit  Guild  Magazine,  Vol.  6,  No.  3,  and 
Bulletin  of  the  New  York  State  College  of  Forestry,  Vol.  XVI,  No.  26; 
both  most  interesting  and  valuable  collections  of  well  known  formulas. 

Feeding  Plants  in  Pots 

Judicious  feeding  with  liquid  manures  and  chemical  fertilizers  is 
of  the  highest  importance  during  the  whole  of  the  growing  period 
with  all  plants  in  pots.  But  it  must  be  done  in  an  intelligent  way  or 
considerably  more  harm  than  good  will  result.  Never  feed  a  newly- 
potted  plant,  or  those  that  have  not  filled  with  roots  and,  again,  take 

32 


care  never  to  exceed  the  strength  advised  by  the  makers  of  artificial 
fertihzers;  weak  and  often  should  be  the  rule. 

Avoid  using  liquid  manure  when  the  soil  is  dry;  water  with  plain 
water  first  until  the  whole  of  the  soil  is  damp  through,  then  give  a 
little  of  the  liquid  manure.  To  use  it  for  watering  in  the  ordinary 
way  is  both  injurious  and  wastefuls  —  injurious  because  it  burn 
the  roots,  and  wasteful  because  so  much  runs  away  through  the 
drainage  holes. 

Variation  of  food  is  most  beneficial,  and  as  wide  a  change  as 
possible  should  be  afforded,  say,  soot  water,  liquid  natural  manure, 
then  some  good  artificial,  with,  of  course,  plain  water  between  each. 
It  is  a  mistake  to  suppose  that  all  classes  of  plants  absorb  nutriment 
equally  readily.  A  few  are  better  without  it  altogether,  cacti  and 
cyclamens  being  notable  examples  in  this  respect.  Begonias,  on  the 
other  hand,  are  gross  feeders  and  will  take  a  large  amount. 

With  more  delicate  rooted  subjects  and  annuals  like  schinzanthus, 
a  weaker  application  should  be  employed,  as  the  roots  easily  burn, 
particularly  with  chemicals.  As  to  how  often  liquid  manures  should 
be  applied,  we  must  be  guided  by  the  plant's  capacity  for  absorbing; 
it  is  useless  to  overdo  it,  as  it  merely  remains  in  the  soil  and  causes  it  to 
become  sticky  and  sour,  the  plants  speedily  lose  foliage  and  fade. 

Those  subjects  which  flower  all  at  once,  so  to  speak,  must  not  be 
fed  after  the  color  shows,  but  those  which  continue  to  throw  up  blooms 
in  succession  must  be  kept  going.  Ferns  and  most  foliage  plants  are 
best  confined  to  soot  water  and  nitrate  of  soda,  quarter  of  an  ounce 
to  a  gallon  of  water,  but  care  must  be  taken  not  to  use  this  oftener 
than  once  a  week,  and  that  none  is  spilled  over  the  leaves. 

— Canadian  Florist. 

Questions  and  Answers 

Our  Santa  Barbara  member  asks  how  to  get  rid  of  snails  and  ants. 

There  seems  to  be  no  remedy  for  the  former.  Ashes  and 
soot  placed  about  the  roots  of  plants  that  especially  attract 
them  will  keep  the  snails  away.  Salt  and  lime  are  also  said  to 
be  distasteful  to  them. 

As  for  ants — there  is  on  the  market  at  present,  an  effective  "Ant 
Destroyer"  for  sale  at  $i.oo  per  pound,  also  an  insecticide  called 
"Vermine"  costing  65  cents  per  pint,  and  used  i  part  to  400  parts  of 
water,  which  is  successful  in  destroying  ants  and  all  insects  that  work 
under  the  soil.  This  will  not  injure  plant  life. 

Ants'  nests  may  be  destroyed  by  making  a  hole  in  the  center  of 
the  nest  and  pouring  in  2  or  3  teaspoonfuls  of  carbon  bisulphide,  then 

33 


closing  up  the  hole  tightly  with  earth.  These  fumes  are  poisonous  to 
animal  Ufe. 

Mrs.  Benjamin  S.  Warren,  Romayne  Latta  Warren. 

Grosse  Pointe  Shores,  Mich. 

Special  Plant  Societies 

American  Carnation  Society 
A.  F.  J.  Bauer,  Sec'y.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

American  Dahlia  Society 
/.  H.  Pepper,  Sec'y.,  903  Johnston  Bldg.  B'way  6*  28th  St.,  N.  Y. 

National  Dahlia  Society 
R.  W.  Gill,  Sec'y.,  Portland,  Oregon 

American  Gladiolus  Society 
A.  C.  Seals,  Sec'y.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

American  Peony  Society 
A.  B.  Saunders,  Sec'y.,  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

American  Rose  Society 
Prof.  E.  A.  White,  Sec'y.,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

American  Sweet  Pea  Society 
William  Gray,  Sec'y.,  Bellevue  Rd.,  Newport,  R.  I. 

Chrysanthemum  Society  of  America 
C.  W.  Johnson,  Sec'y.,  2242  W.  logth  St.,  Chicago,  III. 

California  Dahlia  Society 
N.  F.  Vanderbilt,  Sec'y.,  725  Fifth  St.,  San  Rafael,  Cal. 

Southern  Dahlia  Society 
W.  E.  Claflin,  Sec'y.,  College  Park,  Md. 

The  American  Rose  Society 

The  American  Rose  Society  was  organized  in  1899.  Its  purposes 
are  as  follows: 

1.  To  increase  the  general  interest  in  the  cultivation,  and  to  im- 
prove the  standard  of  excellence  of  the  rose. 

2.  To  foster,  stimulate,  and  increase  the  production  in  every 
possible  way  of  improved  varieties  of  roses  suitable  to  our  American 
climate  and  requirements. 

34 


3.  To  organize  exhibitions  of  roses  at  such  times  and  places 
and  under  such  conditions  as  to  rules,  regulations,  prizes,  medals, 
certificates,  etc.,  as  may  seem  best  adapted  from  time  to  time  to 
stimulate  interest  in  and  the  increased  cultivation  of  roses,  in 
gardens,  parks  and  green  houses. 

4.  To  promote  the  organization  and  affiliation  of  local  rose  so- 
cieties in  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

5.  To  establish  fraternal  relations  for  mutual  benefit  with  national 
rose  societies  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

6.  To  foster  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  rose  test- 
gardens  and  of  municipal  rose-gardens  in  America,  for  the  purpose  of 
acquainting  the  people  of  the  land  with  the  best  varieties  of  roses  and 
their  various  uses. 

7.  To  issue  such  publications  as  will  serve  to  best  promote  the 
growth  and  improvement  of  the  rose. 

8.  To  stimulate  and  conduct  rose  hybridization  and  other  re- 
search work  upon  rose  improvement,  and  in  regard  to  insects  and 
other  diseases  inimical  to  the  rose. 

Members  and  Dues 

There  are  three  classes  of  members,  known  as  Life,  Honorary  and 
Annual  members.  The  payment  of  $50  entitles  one  to  Life  member- 
ship, and  the  payment  of  $2  entitles  one  to  Annual  membership  with 
all  privileges  of  the  Society,  including  all  publications  and  free  ad- 
mission to  all  exhibitions.  Any  person  whom  the  Society  shall  deem 
worthy  of  the  honor  may  at  any  annual  meeting  be  elected  an  Hon- 
orary member. 

Rose  Test-Gardens 

A  number  of  important  rose  test-gardens  have  been  established 
in  different  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  work  of  these  gardens 
is  being  supervised  and  fostered  by  the  American  Rose  Society.  Gar- 
dens have  already  been  established  at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Hartford, 
Conn.;  Minneapolis,  Minn.;  Ithaca,  N.  Y.;  Portland,  Oregon;  and  at 
College  Station,  Texas.  In  the  test-gardens  various  species  and 
varieties  are  grown,  and  careful  records  are  taken  to  determine  the 
adaptation  to  soil  and  climate,  the  hardiness  and  vigor,  and  the  pro- 
lificacy of  blooms  in  various  sections  of  the  United  States.  Members 
of  the  Society  and  all  rose-lovers  have  free  access  to  these  gardens 
and  may  there  enjoy  the  wonderful  display  of  blooms  and  learn  much 
regarding  the  adaptation  of  species  and  varieties  for  their  peculiar 
conditions. 

35 


The  American  Rose  Annual 

In  19 16  the  Society  first  published  the  American  Rose  Annual, 
which  has  proved  to  be  a  most  valuable  work.  This  book  is  edited 
and  published  by  J.  Horace  McFarland,  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  and 
each  year  it  contains  material  of  immense  value  to  all  rosarians,  be 
they  amateur  or  professional.  It  contains  many  timely  topics  dis- 
cussed by  the  most  noted  authorities  on  rose  culture,  and  also  much 
historical  information  regarding  varieties  of  roses  and  their  origin,  as 
well  as  a  record  of  the  work  of  breeders  of  present-day  varieties.  It 
is  confidently  asserted  that  not  only  as  a  year-book  of  rose  progress, 
but  as  a  presentation  of  the  best  spirit  and  practice  of  outdoor  and 
indoor  rose-growing,  the  American  Rose  Annual  is  unique.  Its  dis- 
cussion of  cultural  methods,  insects,  diseases,  and  many  other  topics 
makes  this  publication  alone  well  worth  the  cost  of  membership  in 
the  American  Rose  Society. 

The  1916  edition  is  nearly  exhausted,  but  a  few  more  copies  are 
available  at  $2  each.  Copies  of  the  1917,  I9i8,and  1919  editions  may 
be  obtained  by  members  of  the  Society^from  the  Secretary's  office  at 
$1  each. 

Every  member  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  should  be  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Rose  Society.  The  love  of  roses  is  universal,  and 
the  Society  fosters  everything  progressive  along  rose-growing  lines. 
The  Society  is  thoroughly  alive  and  it  should  receive  the  same  support 
from  American  rosarians  as  that  given  the  National  Rose  Society  by 
the  English  garden  lovers.  E.  A.  White,  Secretary. 


The  American  Gladiolus  Society 

No  garden  flower  has  a  more  wonderful  range  of  color  than  the 
gladiolus,  and  when  one  studies  them  the  more  he  is  impressed  with 
the  fact  that  only  the  orchid  family  can  equal  them  in  charming  pat- 
terns of  color  combination  with  exquisite  variations  of  form.  All 
lovers  of  this  flower  should  enlist  under  the  banner  of  the  American 
Gladiolus  Society  which  is  active  in  fostering  the  culture  of  gladioli 
throughout  the  country. 

In  order  to  encourage  amateurs  to  join  the  society,  the  former 
initiation  fee  has  been  eliminated,  and  it  is  hoped  that  every  lover  of 
this  beautiful  flower  will  come  into  this  rapidly-growing  society.  Wc 
ought  to  have  at  least  one  thousand  members,  all  of  them  enthusiastic 
growers  who  are  wilUng  to  tell  their  friends  of  the  splendid  results  ob- 
tained in  growing  this  flower.  The  society  wishes  to  aid  local  societies* 

36 


by  offering  its  medals  and  prizes,  and  welcomes  affiliations  with 
local  societies  to  this  end.  Heretofore  its  work  along  this  line  has 
been  handicapped  for  lack  of  members,  but  we  are  now  strong  enough 
to  co-operate  more  fully.  It  hopes  to  assist  in  making  "The  Flower 
Grower,"  its  medium  of  communication  with  the  members,  the  best 
journal  for  amateur  flower  growers  that  there  is  in  the  world.  This 
publication  is  sent  to  all  the  members,  and  all  who  know  it  are  agreed 
that  no  amateur  can  afford  to  do  without  it.  The  better  it  is  sup- 
ported, the  better  it  can  be  made,  and  the  greater  its  influence. 

The  society  has  maintained  trial  grounds  for  gladioli  at  Cornell 
University,  and  buUetins  have  been  issued  of  the  results  of  these 
trials.  Although  these  trials  were  suspended  during  the  war,  there  is 
now  good  prospect  that  this  work  will  be  resumed  next  year.  These 
publications  are  invaluable,  and  so  great  has  been  the  demand  for 
them  that  the  edition  is  rapidly  becoming  exhausted.  Those  who  send 
in  their  membership  dues  promptly  will  be  able  to  secure  them  while 
the  supply  lasts. 

Therefore  if  you  really  love  this  flower  you  will  wish  to  spread 
the  good  news  of  the  wonderful  effects  it  has  produced  in  your  garden, 
and  you  will  send  two  dollars  to  the  Secretary, A.  C.  Beals,  212  Kelvin 
Place,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  and  enroll  as  a  member  of  the  organization, 
having  the  comprehensive  program  of  stimulating  interest  in  and 
promoting  the  culture  and  development  of  the  gladiolus;  to  establish 
a  standard  nomenclature;  to  test  out  new  varieties;  and  to  give  them 
such  recognition  as  they  deserve;  to  study  the  enemies  of  the  gladiolus 
and  find  remedies  for  the  same;  to  disseminate  information  relating 
to  this  flower;  and  to  secure  uniformity  by  awarding  prizes  at  flower 
shows,  and  to  hold  an  annual  meeting  and  exhibition  each  year. 

A.  C.  Beals. 
Mrs.  John  A. -Stewart,  Jr.,  Secretary. 

Short  Hills,  N.  J.  Anne  T.  Stewart. 

Chairman. 


37 


Joint  Committee  on  Trade  Relations 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  joint  Committee  on  Trade  Relations  on 
the  American  Society  of  Landscape  Architects,  the  Ornamental 
Growers  Association,  the  American  Association  of  Nurserymen  and  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  the  foUomng  resolution  was  outlined. 

Will  not  the  Presidents  of  the  Member  Clubs  bring  it  up  for  dis- 
cussion and  report  to  me  any  suggestion  for  amendment? 

Rose  Standish  Nichols. 
Chairman  Trade  Relations  Committee. 

Obligations  which  Are  Normally  Implied  by  the  Placing 
AND  Acceptance  of  an  Order  for  Nursery  Stock,  in 
the  Absence  of  Specific  Stipulations  to  Some  Other 
Effect 

A.  On  the  part  of  the  nurseryman. 

1.  That  the  stock  shipped  shall  be  true  to  name. 

(The  standard  names  are  those  of  the  American  Joint  Com- 
mittee on  Horticultural  Nomenclature.  The  plants  correspond- 
ing to  these  names  are  those  described  in  Bailey's  Cyclopedia, 
as  per  references  in  the  check  Hst  of  the  American  Joint  Com- 
mittee on  Horticultural  Nomenclature.) 

2.  That  the  stock  shipped  shall  be  of  the  size  and  quality  repre- 
sented by  the  nurseryman. 

(An  attempt  to  standardize  and  define  terms  descriptive  of 
size  and  quahty  is  being  made  by  the  nurserymen.) 

3.  That  all  reasonable  care  and  skill  shall  be  exercised  in  digging, 
handling,  and  packing  the  stock;  having  due  regard  to  the 
species,  size,  and  character  of  the  plants,  to  the  climatic  con- 
ditions at  the  time  and  place  of  digging,  of -transit  and  of 
delivery,  and  to  the  normal  time  consumed  in  transit  and 
method  of  handling  in  transit  by  the  transportation  agencies 
selected,  and  that  all  precautions  which  are  customary  in  good 
trade  practice  shall  be  taken  to  ensure  that  the  plants  will 
arrive  in  good  condition  for  successful  growth  unless  culpably 
delayed  or  mishandled  while  in  charge  of  the  transportation 
agencies. 

4.  That  notice  of  shipment  is  to  be  sent  in  due  season  to  the 
person  placing  order  and  to  consignee,  stating  time  and  method 
of  shipment,  number  and  kind  of  containers  (boxes,  bundles, 
carloads,  etc.),  name  of  transportation  agency,  name  and 
address  of  consignee,  and  whether  transportation  charges  are 
prepaid  or  collect. 

38 


B.  Upon  the  part  of  the  person  placing  the  order,  or  of  others  acting 
under  his  instructions. 

1.  That  arrangements  shall  be  made  for  the  prompt  receipt  of 
the  consignment  upon  notice  from  the  transportation  agency 
that  it  is  ready  for  delivery  at  point  of  destination. 

2.  That  if  at  the  time  of  delivery  there  is  evidence  of  damage 
during  transit,  or  if  there  has  been  serious  delay  in  deHvery, 
the  way-bills  shall  be  signed  "under  protest." 

3.  That  a  notice  of  the  receipt  of  stock  shall  be  sent  to  the  ship- 
per within  two  days  of  their  receipt  from  the  transportation 
agency,  stating  whether  waybill  was  signed  "under  protest" 
and  whether  goods  have  been  unpacked  and  inspected;  and 
that  failure  to  send  such  notice  within  two  days  of  the  receipt 
of  the  stock  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  its  acceptance. 

4.  That  all  reasonable  care,  skill,  and  despatch  shall  be  used  in 
the  unpacking  and  inspection  of  the  stock. 

5.  That  if  the  stock  shall  appear,  at  the  time  of  inspection  on 
delivery,  to  be  defective  from  any  cause  other  than  the  fault 
of  the  transportation  agency,  a  complaint  to  that  effect  shall 
be  sent  to  the  shipper,  either  with  the  notice  of  receipt  of  goods 
specified  under  No.  3  above,  or  within  one  week  thereafter. 
Said  complaint  should  specify  exphcitly  the  nature  of  the 
defect  or  defects. 

6.  That  in  case  a  complaint  of  defective  stock  is  thus  made  to 
the  nurseryman,  the  stock  in  question  shall  be  heeled  in  or 
otherwise  properly  protected  from  deterioration,  and  shall  not 
be  destroyed  or  otherwise  disposed  of  until  the  nurseryman 
shall  have  had  reasonable  time  to  state  whether  he  wishes  to 
have  the  stock  jointly  inspected  or  what  action  he  proposes  to 
take  concerning  the  complaint. 

7.  That  if  the  stock  shall  appear  at  the  time  of  inspection  upon 
deUvery  to  be  defective,  partly  or  wholly  because  of  delay 
or  mishandling  while  in  transit,  the  consignee  or  the  person 
placing  the  order  shall  be  responsible  for  making  the  proper 
claim  upon  the  transportation  agency,  the  shipper  being 
under  obligation  to  assist  by  furnishing  any  information 
needful  in  establishing  the  claim  against  the  transportation 
agency. 

C.  Payments:  In  the  absence  of  special  agreements  to  some  other 
effect  payments  for  nursery  stock  are  expected  to  be  made  within 
30  days  after  delivery  both  of  consignment  and  bill  for  same. 


39 


Bulletin  Advertising  from  Another  Standpoint 

October  lo,  1919. 
My  Dear  Mrs.  Brewster: 

I  am  glad  to  give  you  in  brief  my  reasons  why  I  heartily  approve 
of  the  proposal  to  eliminate  advertisements  of  the  seed  and  nursery 
trade  from  the  Bulletin. 

I  am  inclined  to  beheve  that  in  large  measure  the  members  of  the 
various  clubs  are  not  greatly  influenced  by  these  advertisements.  I 
find,  as  a  rule,  that  Garden  Club  members  are  so  well  informed  as  to 
sources  of  supply,  that  they  know  everything  about  the  firms  who 
rank  high  enough  to  be  admitted  to  the  pages  of  the  Bulletin. 
From  all  my  own  advertising  in  the  Bulletin  I  can  trace  but  one 
inquiry.  This  does  not  mean  that  I  regard  the  Bulletin  as  anything 
but  a  splendid  advertising  medium,  but  it  benefits  only  the  kind  of 
advertising  that  your  members  do  not  want  to  know  about.  Several 
times  I  have  been  asked  to  introduce  to  your  advertising- manager  a 
firm  I  did  not  wish  to  introduce. 

It  does  not  seem  to  me  the  proper  poKcy  to  commerciaHze  such  a 
splendid  publication  as  the  Bulletin  is.  When  advertising  copy  has 
been  accepted,  it  is,  of  course,  the  duty  of  the  publication  in  which  the 
advertisement  appears,  to  use  every  legitimate  means  to  the  end  that 
the  advertiser  shall  profit  by  his  expenditure.  I  beheve  that  the 
Bulletin  should  be  in  a  position  where  it  can  not  be  expected  to  do 
this. 

I  beheve  that  the  Garden  Clubs  should  not  be  exploited 
by  the  trade,  as,  in  any  case,  I  fear  the  approval  of  the 
Bulletin  is  unwisely  used.  It  would  be  so  natural  a  thing, 
for  instance,  to  show  to  customers,  not  members  of  a  garden 
club,  the  advertisement  of  my  bulbs,  with  the  idea  of  professing 
a  standard  which  in  this  case  I  am  compelled  to  five  up  to  only 
by  my  own  business  conscience. 

A  printed  fist  of  reputable  firms,  with  their  specialties  described 
in  detail,  the  hst  to  be  distributed  to  the  members,  seems  preferable 
to  me  as  a  means  of  disseminating  information  about  rehable  sources 
of  supply.  Such  a  hst  should  be  revised  at  frequent  intervals,  and 
always  kept  up  to  date. 

You  are  at  hberty  to  edit  this  as  you  please.  If  I  thought  it  wise 
to  mention  particular  instances  I  could  make  you  appreciate  my  ob- 
jections to  better  advantage,  but  you  will  understand  that  in  a  letter 
to  be  pubhshed  I  can  not  do  so. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Chester  Jay  Hunt. 
40 


The  Planting  of  Trees  as  War  Memorials 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Managers  of  the  New  York  Botanical 
Garden  on  January  13,1919,  the  following  suggestions  by  Mr.  Edward 
D.  Adams  were  approved  and  ordered  printed: 

At  this  time,  when  permanent  memorials  to  the  defenders  of  our 
flag  by  land  and  sea  are  being  considered  throughout  our  land,  and 
projects  for  community  monuments  of  various  designs  are  planned, 
we  venture  the  suggestion  that  individual,  as  well  as  associated, 
action  can  effectively  and  economically  be  taken  in  honor  of  all  who 
have  served  or  of  those  who  have  made  the  supreme  sacrifice,  by 
planting  memorial  trees. 

Such  trees  may  properly  be  planted  in  the  front  yard,  on  the 
street,  at  the  home  entrance,  in  a  park,  as  the  decoration  of  an  avenue, 
in  single  specimens  or  in  groups  of  different  species  for  artistic  effects 
of  form  and  color. 

As  representing  sentiments  to  be  long  cherished,  such  memorials 
would  be  tenderly  cultivated  and  protected. 

Their  shade  and  fruit  would  yield  comfort  and  satisfaction.  Their 
growth  would  add  value  to  the  home  and  become  an  asset  that  suc- 
ceeding generations  would  inherit. 

Naturally,  only  those  trees  should  be  selected  for  memorials  to 
family,  school,  church,  and  municipal  honor,  that  will  grow  best  in 
each  locahty  and  of  those  species  that  will  be  appreciated  for  their 
beauty,  grandeur,  long  Hfe,  and  utihty. 

The  number  of  kinds  of  trees  suitable  for  memorial  planting  is 
large.  The  widely  different  cHmates  of  different  parts  of  the  United 
States  require  the  selection  of  such  kinds  as  will  grow  vigorously,  and 
the  character  of  the  soil  should  also  be  taken  into  consideration;  such 
information  to  those  not  versed  in  tree  planting  can  usually  be  had 
from  the  nearest  nurser3Tnan  or  from  officials  of  the  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station. 

Those  who  live  in  homes  without  available  grounds  for  planting, 
might  contribute  to  the  cost  of  a  tree  for  its  planting  as  part  of  a 
memorial  grove  in  a  park  or  garden. 

The  selection  of  the  tree,  the  preparation  of  the  location,  and 
the  design  of  the  label  or  honor  roU,  may  be  considered  and  carried 
out  in  family  conferences  and  with  the  participation  of  each  member. 

These  preparations  should  be  made  as  our  men  return,  so 
that  the  signing  of  the  treaty  of  peace  may  be  celebrated  over 
the  nation  wide  by  the  simultaneous  planting  of  the  honor  tree 
of  each  family  and  community  that  has  cherished  a  service  flag 
in  the  period  of  our  war. 

41 


At  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  a  war  memorial  plantation  of 
Douglas  Spruce,  a  characteristic  American  evergreen  tree,  will  be 
established  this  spring;  about  one  hundred  t'rees  five  feet  high  having 
been  secured  for  this  purpose.  For  those  who  do  not  have  land  avail- 
able and  who  would  like  to  have  a  memorial  tree  planted,  the  offer 
is  made  to  designate  one  of  these  spruces  as  desired  on  receipt  of  ten 
dollars,  which  will  cover  cost  of  tree,  of  planting,  and  of  its  care, 
which  will  be  the  same  as  that  of  other  trees  in  the  Garden. 

Reprinted  at  the  request  of  Mr.  H.  L.  Britton. 


Garden  Club  News 

Mrs.  William  Cabell  Bruce  has  resigned  from  the  vice-presidency 
of  the  Club.  Her  resignation  has  been  accepted  with  much  regret. 
Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  Phillipstown  Garden  Club,  has  been  elected 
to  fill  the  vacancy. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  it  was  decided 
to  continue  the  following  standing  committees: 

Committee  on  Color  Chart. 

Committee  on  Historical  Gardens. 

Committee  on  Honorary  Award.   (Medal.) 

Committee  on  Photography.  (Combine  with  proposed  Slides 
Committee.) 

Committee  on  Preservation  of  Native  Wild  Flowers. 

Committee  on  Trade  Relations. 

Committee  on  Garden  Literature.    (Subsidiary  to  the  Bulletin.) 

Committee  on  Experimenting  with  Remedies  for  Insects  and  Pests. 
(Subsidiary  to  the  Bulletin). 

Committee  on  Special  American  Plant  Societies.  (Subsidiary  to 
the  Bulletin.) 

Since  the  Annual  Meeting  at  Lake  Forest,  the  Presidents  have, 
in  answer  to  Mrs.  Martin's  letter,  agreed  with  the  plan  there  made, 
to  raise  the  dues  to  $2.00  per  member.  This  change  will  go  into  effect 
immediately. 

A  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  held  in  New  York  on 
October  23,  19 19.  Many  plans  for  the  future  were  discussed  and  some 
definite  decisions  reached. 

Arrangements  are  now  being  made  for  issuing  Garden  Visiting 
Cards  which  may  be  had  on  application  by  all  Garden  Club  mem- 
bers. The  method  of  application  and  all  details  will  be  published  in 
the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin  which  should  appear  on  January  15, 
1920. 

42 


Another  important  addition  to  Club  activities  will  be  a  collection 
of  lantern  slides,  grouped  as  to  subject  and  especially  designed  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  club  programs.  This  will  also  be  fully- 
described  in  the  next  issue. 

These  are  only  two  of  the  many  practical  and  pleasant  develop- 
ments already  launched.  Useful  lists,  program  suggestions,  general 
garden  information,  will  be  compiled  and  placed  at  the  disposal  of 
members  within  a  very  short  time. 

Most  important  of  all,  it  is  definitely  settled  that  the  1920  Annual 
Meeting  will  be  held  in  Boston,  with  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club, 
on  Jime  28th,  29th  and  30th.  In  November,  June  seems  a  long  way 
off,  but  it  isn't  too  soon  to  make  your  plans  to  be  there. 

A  winter  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Council  of  Presi- 
dents and  a  general  meeting  of  members  will  be  held  in  New  York 
about  December  ist. 

News  and  Views 

This  department  is  dedicated  to  the  Member  Clubs  and  to  our 
individual  members.  It  is  designed  to  hold  short  accounts  of  unusual 
meetings,  stirring  events,  interesting  anecdotes,  successful  shows  and 
pleasant  garden  experiences.  Contributions  should  be  signed  and 
the. name  of  the  Club  from  which  they  come  should  also  be  given. 
Personal  news  is  welcome  and  if  we  might  have  an  occasional  con- 
troversy, so  much  the  better.  The  name  of  the  Column  Conductor 
will  be  announced  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin. 

A  bill  is  just  now  before  the  legislature  which  should  be  supported 
by  every  Member  Club.  Its  subject  is  the  prevention  of  bribe-giving 
by  tradesmen  and  its  passage  should  go  far  to  bring  about  the  re- 
sults which  are  the  aim  of  our  Committee  on  Trade  Relations, 
by  making  both  the  offering  and  acceptance  of  a  bribe  a  criminal 
offense. 

Miss  Nichols,  the  chairman  of  our  committee  has  just 
received  the  following  letter  from  Mr.  John  J.  Esch,  chairman 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  Committee  on  Interstate  and 
Foreign  Commerce : 

"My  dear  Madam: — Your  letter  of  October  8th  urging  support  of 
H.  R.  263  to  further  protect  interstate  and  foreign  commerce  against 
bribery  and  other  corrupt  trade  practices,  on  behalf  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America,  just  received. 

In  reply  I  wish  to  state  that  the  above  bill  has  been  referred  to  our 
Committee  on  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce  which  is  now  en- 
gaged in  the  consideration  of  railroad  legislation  and  will  be  so  engaged 

43 


for  weeks  and  possibly  months  to  come.  It  will  be  impossible  to  give 
consideration  to  other  matters  until  this  very  important  legislation  is 
out  of  the  way. 

I  may  introduce  or  have  some  member  of  the  Committee  introduce 
a  bill  having  the  purpose  of  the  above. 

With  kindest  regards  and  thanking  you  for  the  expression  of  views, 
I  remain, 

Yours  very  truly 

John  J.  Esch,  Chairman. 

This  bill  has  the  backing  of  the  Nurserymen's  Association  and 
should  have  ours. 

Will  each  Member  Club  write  to  Mr.  Esch,  House  of  Representa- 
tives, Committee  on  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce,  Washington, 
and  ask  him  to  hasten  action  on  bill  H.  R.  263?  Urge  that  he  in- 
troduce it  himself.  If  each  Club  will  write  immediately,  the  receipt 
of  forty  letters,  representing  the  views  of  2500  individuals  may  make 
prompter  action  seem  desirable. 

Presidents  are  urged  to  present  this  matter  at  the  next  meeting 
of  their  Club  and  to  comply  with  this  suggestion  as  promptly  as 
possible. 

The  Editor  has  a  number  of  copies  of  a  condensed  summary  of 
facts  and  opinions  regarding  Quarantine  37  and  its  effects  upon 
American  horticulture,  which  she  will  gladly  forward  to  any  Club  or 
member  who  will  send  a  stamped  and  addressed  envelope. 

The  following  letter  has  been  sent  to  the  United  States  Senators 
by  a  well-known  nurseryman.  It  is  given  as  a  suggestion  and  example 
of  the  general  form  that  such  a  letter  should  take.  If  each  member 
club  would  write  such  a  letter  to  the  Senator  from  its  state  and  urge 
all  other  Garden  Clubs  in  the  state  to  do  likewise  it  might  have  an 
appreciable  effect. 

"As  dealers  in  bulbs  and  nursery  stock  for  a  number  of  years,  we 
earnestly  protest,  in  common  with  other  seed-houses  and  nursery 
dealers,  against  the  recent  ruling  of  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board, 
which  prohibits  the  importation  of  all  bulbs  from  abroad  with  the 
exception  of  a  very  few  varieties.  This  will  occasion  a  great  loss  in 
business  to  aU  seed-houses  and  as  all  bulbs  which  have  been  imported 
in  the  past  are  as  free  from  root  growth  as  hyacinths,  tulips,  and 
narcissus  which  it  is  permissable  to  import,  we  do  not  think  that  any 
risk  would  be  incurred  if  other  bulbs  which  were  free  from  roots  were 
allowed  to  come  in. 

"We  trust  you  will  do  what  you  can  to  have  this  ruling  at  least 

44 


modified ;  at  the  same  time,  we  believe  we  are  as  anxious  as  anyone  to 
prevent  the  entry  into  this  country  of  foreign  diseases.  Your  assistance 
in  this  matter  will  be  greatly  appreciated." 

Obviously,  this  letter  would  require  many  modifications,  but  the 
argument  it  presents  is  good  and  is  as  strong  with  respect  to  amateurs 
as  professionals. 

Dahlia  Show  of  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club 

The  increasing  interest  in  the  Dahlia  show  of  the  Short  Hills 
Garden  Club  was  evidenced  at  the  Annual  Exhibition  this  year 
held  on  September  26  and  27,  by  the  attendance  of  visitors  from  such 
far  states  as  IlHnois,  Michigan,  Pennsylvania,  Connecticut  and 
Northern  New  York.  There  were  also  representatives  from  many 
Garden  Clubs  within  a  radius  of  one  hundred  miles  and  several 
professionals. 

The  idea  of  a  formal  garden  was  carried  out  with  great  skill  and 
art  in  the  centre  of  the  hall.  OutHning  the  crosswalks  around  the 
charming  sun-dial  were  pots  of  bright  flowers,  quaintly  arranged  by 
Kttle  children  of  the  community,  in  competition  for  a  prize,  a  new 
feature  introduced  this  year.  Against  the  wall  as  a  back-ground  and 
foil  for  the  brilliant  heavy-headed  flowers  were  ranged  in  Italian  jars 
stately,  sombre  cedars  and  young,  dull  green  oak  trees.  Among  and 
between  these  were  bits  of  classic  and  modem  sculpture.  The  entire 
decorative  scheme  was  the  work  of  the  artist  and  architect,  Mr.  W.  W. 
Renwick,  an  associate  member  of  the  Club. 

There  were  67  exhibits  divided  among  24  classes,  also  some  pro- 
fessional exhibits,  these  not  in  competition  for  awards. 

Among  the  specialties  shown  by  this  Club  are  always  magnificent 
seedlings.  In  this  class  the  medal  of  the  American  DahHa  Society 
was  awarded  to  Mrs.  C.  H.  Stout,  as  Secretary  of  the  Club,  and  pro- 
ducer of  the  well  known  "Sunshine"  dahha. 

The  memory  of  the  greatly  beloved  first  President  of  the  Club  is 
being  kept  fresh  by  a  dahlia  produced  last  year  by  Mrs.  Stout,  and 
named  the  "Emily  Renwick."  This  is  a  variety  of  the  Decorative 
type  and  wiU  shortly  be  put  on  the  market.  The  tubers  have  been 
bought  by  a  dealer,  and  the  proceeds  will  be  returned  to  the  Club  and 
used  in  some  way  as  a  permanent  memorial  to  Mrs.  Renwick. 

This  dahlia  has  not  only  proved  its  worth  by  the  exquisite  beauty 
of  its  frilled  petals — rose  and  transparent  yellow — but  by  its  enduring 
quahties,  for  a  bloom  exhibited  by  a  dealer  in  a  New  York  window, 
remained  fresh  for  one  week.  Another  feature  of  interest  is  always  the 
competition  for  Artistic  Decoration  divided  into  two  classes,  those 

45 


with  dahlias  only  and  any  foliage  and  those  with  any  flowers  and  any 
foliage. 

Perhaps  the  most  descriptive  comment  on  the  Show  was  given  by  a 
professional  who  made  the  rounds  with  critical  eye,  and  on  reaching 
his  starting  point  waved  his  hands  comprehensively  exclaiming: 
"What  is  there  in  the  soil  of  Short  Hills  for  dahlias?  We  can't  touch 
this!"  Mildred  C.  Prince. 

Of  the  many  bouquets  bestowed  on  Queen  Elizabeth  of  the  Belgians 
during  her  day  in  Cincinnati,  none  was  lovelier  than  a  great  cluster 
from  the  remarkable  dahlia  field  that  forms  an  important  part  of  the 
flower  garden  of  Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft,  president  of  the  Cincinnati 
Garden  Club.  These  flowers,  bearing  the  card  of  the  president  of  the 
Garden  Club,  will  be  given  the  queen  after  her  inspection  of  Mrs.  and 
Mrs.  Charles  Phelps  Taft's  pictures.  Incidentally  Mrs.  Charles 
Phelps  Taft  is  using  a  number  of  the  very  unusual  dahlia  blossoms  from 
Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft's  garden  throughout  the  rooms  of  her  home  on 
Wednesday,  that  gardener  sending  blossoms  from  her  prize-winning 
dahlia  plants  only. 

A  certain  number  of  copies  of  the  book  of  garden  plans  distributed 
by  the  Garden  Club  of  Illinois  at  the  Annual  Meeting,  are  stiU 
available.  These  books  give  plans  of  all  Lake  Forest  and  Winnetka 
gardens  visited  during  the  meeting  and  proved  of  great  interest  to  the 
ofiicers  and  delegates.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Illinois, 
Mrs.  George  A.  Seavems,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois,  will  be  glad  to  give 
particulars  as  to  price,  etc. 

Corrections  to  the  Report  of  the  Annual  Meeting 

In  transcribing  the  minutes  of  the  Annual  Meeting,  some  in- 
accuracies slipped  in.  Corrections  as  follow  should  be  made  in  the 
mimeographed  copy  of  the  report  sent  to  all  Member  Clubs. 

On  the  title  page,  Winnetka,  Illinois,  should  appear  jointly  with 
Lake  Forest.  The  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Illinois  are 
almost  equally  divided  between  the  two  places  and  shared  quite 
equally  their  duties  as  member  of  the  hostess  Club. 

On  page  8  of  the  mimeograph'-d  copy,  it  appears  that  Mrs.  Harold 
I.  Pratt  moved  that  "the  old  policy  be  continued  as  the  policy  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America;  Mrs.  Greeley  seconded  the  motion,  which 
was  carried."  This  should  read,  "Mrs.  Blake  was  asked  to  reread  the 
proposed  policy  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Illinois  and  in  so  doing  made  it 
a  motion,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Greeley.  Mrs.  Isaac  Le  Boiteaux  offered 
an  amendment,  'that  this  policy  be  adopted  with  modifications.* 

46 


Mrs.  Blake  declined  to  accept  the  amendment.  After  general  dis- 
cussion Mrs.  Blake  withdrew  her  motion  and  in  its  place  moved  that 
the  old  policy  be  continued  as  the  poUcy  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America.   This  was  seconded  by  Mrs.  Greeley." 

On  page  13,  immediately  preceding  the  motion  made  by  Mrs. 
Bouton,  the  following  should  be  inserted:  "It  was  moved  by  Miss 
Pendleton  and  seconded  by  Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne  that  a  request  be 
sent  through  the  central  office  to  Member  Clubs  asking  them  to  open 
their  gardens  to  visiting  Garden  Club  of  America  members." 

The  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Honorary  Award  should  be 
completed  as  follows:  ''The  Medal  is  to  be  awarded  annually  to  the 
person  doing  the  most  for  horticulture  and  Mrs.  King  announced 
that  the  first  medal  should  and  would  be  presented  to  Professor 
Charles  Sprague  Sargent  of  Boston,  Mass." 

Flowers  and  Herbs  for  the  Lord  Mayor 

An  Old  City  Custom  .  • 

On  Thursday,  the  loth  inst.,  in  conformity  with  ancient  usage,  the 
Master  (Major  Samuel  Weil),  the  Wardens  (Mr.  Francis  Agar  and  Mr. 
D.  C.  Haldeman),  and  the  Clerk  (Mr.  E.  A.  Ebblewhite)  of  the  Gar- 
deners' Company,  which  dates  from  1605,  waited  upon  the  Lord  Mayor 
at  the  Mansion  House  and  presented  him  with  specimens  of  flowers, 
vegetables  and  herbs  in  remembrance  of  the  long  association  of  the 
guild  with  the  City.  The  guild  are  especially  proud  of  the  fact  that 
in  1632  they  were  granted  by  the  Recorder  a  warrant  for  the  arrest  of 
persons  using  the  trade  of  gardening  in  contempt  of  the  company's 
charters.  To  the  Lady  Mayoress  the  guild  presented  a  bouquet  of 
Orchids. 

— The  Garden. 


47 


Board  of  Editors 

(Incomplete) 

Chairman:  Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster,  Lake  Forest,  111.,  and  1220 
Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago. 

Ex-qfficio:    Mrs.  Harold  I.  Pratt,  Secretary,  Glen  Cove,  L.  I.,  and 
820  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 

The  Gardener^s  Miscellany:  Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill,  Easthampton, 
L.  I.,  and  960  Park  Ave.,  New  York. 

Plant  Material  Department:  Mrs.  Charles  M.  Hubbard,  Winnetka,  111. 

Garden  Literature:  Mrs.  William  K.  Wallbridge,  Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

Garden  Pests  and  Remedies:  Mrs.  Benjamin  S.  Warren,  Grosse 
Pointe  Shores,  Mich. 

Special  Plant  Societies:  Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr. ,  Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

Garden  Club  members  are  besought  to  send  articles,  suggestions, 
questions  and  complaints  to  any  and  all  departments,  or,  if  they 
prefer  they  may  address  the  chairman  on  any  subject  and  their  com- 
munication jsvill  be  forwarded  to  the  department  best  fitted  to  deal 
with  it. 

Do  not  hesitate  to  criticise,  and  if,  perhaps,  we  sometimes  please 
you,  tell  us  so.  The  Editorial  Board. 

(A  number  of  Departments  outhned  and  correspondents  suggested 
are  omitted  in  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin.  In  January,  it  is  hoped 
to  print  a  complete  issue  with  letters  from  abroad,  Botanical  Garden 
calendars,  etc.   A  dormant  periodical  revives  slowly.) 

(The  editor  regrets  that  strike  conditions  have  much  delayed  this 
issue  of  the  Bulletin.) 


48 


Bulletin  of 

^be  (3ar6en  Club 

of  Hmerica 

January,  1920  No.  1 1  (New  Series) 


President  Vice-President 

MRS.  J.  WILLIS  MARTIN  MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 

Ckestnux  Hill,  Phil.4delphl\,  Pa.  Alma,  Michigan 
Treasurer 

MRS.  H.  D.  AUCHINCLOSS  MRS.  JOHN  E.  NEWELL 

25  E.  67TH  Street,  New  York  and  West  Mentor,  Ohio 

Newport,  R.  I. 

Secietary  ilRS.  OAKLEIGH  THORNE 

MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT  Millbeook,  N.  Y.  anb 

820  FiFiH  Ave.,  New  York  .a.xd  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 

Glen  Cove,  L.  I. 

Librarian  MRS.  SAMUEL  SLOAN 

MRS.  FREDERICK  L.  RHODES  45  East  ssd  Street,  New  York  and 

Short  Hills,  N.  J.  Garrison,  N.  Y. 
Editor 

MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER 
.     1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  and  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting . 


January  Dusk 

A  ustere  and  clad  in  sombre  robes  of  gray, 

With  hands  upfolded  and  with  silent  wings, 
In  unimpassioned  mystery  the  day 
"'  Tasses;  a  lonely  thrush  its  requiem  sings. 

The  dust  of  night  is  tangled  in  the  boughs 

Of  leafless  lime  and  lilac,  and  the  pine 
Grows  blacker,  and  the  star  upon  the  brows 

Of  sleep  is  set  in  heaven  for  a  sign. 

Earth's  little  weary  peoples  fall  on  peace 

And  dream  of  breaking  buds  and  blossoming, 

Of  primrose  airs,  of  days  of  large  increase. 
And  all  the  colored  retinue  of  Spring. 

— John  Drinkwater. 


This  year  we  may  confidently  and  unreservedly  dedicate  to  beauty 
in  our  gardens.  It  is  a  long  time  since  we  have  been  able  to  give 
ourselves  over  to  leisurely  enjoyment  of  flowers  and  ornaments  of 
green,  but  now  that  their  day  has  come,  I  venture  to  think  that 
enjoyment  will  be  more  careless  and  serene  than  in  pre-war  days. 
The  discontent  that  caused  resentment  if  flowers  came  wrong,  or  if 
weeds  came  at  all,  or  if  edges  were  crooked,  or  if  visitors  always  came 
this  week  instead  of  last  week  or  next,  wiU  be  overborne  by  gratitude 
that  we  can  have  all  the  flowers  we  want  and  that,  if  we  feel  like  it  we 
can  take  time  to  pull  up  the  weeds.  We  may  not  have  gardeners  to 
straighten  the  edges,  but  we  hope  for  visitors,  like  ourselves  grown  less 
critical,  and  not  in  the  least  bothered  as  to  what  they  might  have 
seen  last  week  or  could  see  next  but  thrilled  over  what  is  there  and 
spending  all  their  extra  moments  telling  you  what  they  have  blooming 
at  home  at  that  minute  and  in  what  perfection! 

How  much  time  we  have  wasted  in  dissatisfied  tours  of  our  gardens, 
always  hunting  for  imperfections  and  overlooking  the  very  things  we 
should  be  enjoying.  I  do  not  advocate  smug  contentment,  but  I  do 
claim  that  each  plant  in  its  season  deserves  its  due  praise,  that  the 
whole  is  more  important  than  the  details  that  go  to  make  it,  that  the 
too  meticulous  gardener  may  be  just  as  tiresome  as  the  too  good 
housekeeper,  and  that  if  you  will  give  a  visitor  one  beautiful  thing 
to  look  at  and  remember,  that  visitor  will  go  away  convinced  that 
your  garden  is  a  dream  of  lovehness,  whose  charms  she  would  re- 
produce in  her  own. 

We  can  have  such  fun  this  summer,  if  we  wiU,  just  watching  and 
working  with  the  more  frivolous  growing  things  we  have  had  tQ^ 
neglect  so  long.  We  can  have  even  more  fun  if  we  can  find  others  to 
watch  with  us.  They  will  comfort  us  in  our  down-hearted  moments 
when  the  color  combination  planned  in  the  spring  of  1914  comes  out 
wrong,  or  when  the  Near-Eastern  gardener's  assistant  spends  $9.00 
worth  of  time  chpping  the  wrong  hedge.  Unless  we  guilelessly  pro- 
claim our  misfortunes,  they  are  very  likely  to  admire  our  color  scheme 
and  commend  the  precision  of  the  hedge-clipping. 

In  other  words,  don't  be  too  critical  at  home  and  don't  expect 
others  to  be  critical  abroad.  If  your  garden  is  pretty  and  sweet  and 
gay,  small  blemishes  should  be  attended  to  in  business  hours.  (Do 
you  keep  business  hours  in  your  garden?  You  should.)  And  be  sure 
that  those  who  come  to  see  are  not  there  to  hunt  out  the  blemishes  but 
to  enjoy  the  prettiness  and  sweetness  and  gayety.  Weeds  will  grow, 
high-priced  labor  is  generally  incompetent,  rain  beats  down,  drought 
dries  up,  and  countless  other  calamities  menace  your  plot  of  ground. 
But  neighboring  plots  must  face  the  same  conditions,  and  only  the 


true  gardener  knows  that  the  perfect  garden  is  a  momentary  thing 
that  your  eyes  must  be  ready  to  see  and  your  heart  to  understand. 
Not  flowers,  nor  care,  nor  setting,  nor  sunshine,  nor  shadow  will 
make  this  moment  of  perfection.  It  just  happens,  and  if  you  are 
troubled  by  small  imperfections  you  will  miss  it  altogether. 

Make  a  New  Year's  resolve  and  renew  it  with  the  first  green  blade 
of  Spring;  to  miss  no  beauty  that  your  garden  has  to  show,  and  to 
share  that  beauty  with  all  who  care  to  see. 

K.  L.  B. 

A  Garden  of  Spring  Flowers 

Gertrude  Jekyll — V.  M.  E. 

If  a  garden  for  the  flowers  of  the  earher  months  is  to  be  given  all 
that  it  deserves  it  should  be  in  a  place  of  its  own,  apart  from  the 
spaces  devoted  to  the  flowers  of  summer  and  the  later  year.  It  can- 
not everywhere  be  so  arranged,  for  often  the  only  chance  for  the 
spring  flowers  is  to  have  them  in  beds  or  borders  that  will  be  filled 
later  with  summer  blooming  plants.  Where  this  is  so  it  is  inevitable 
that  the  planting,  however  well  arranged,  will  have  the  temporary 
"bedding"  appearance  that  is  out  of  harmony  with  those  sentiments 
of  repose  and  continuity  that  are  such  valuable  qualities  in  all  good 
gardening;  also  the  scope  in  the  choice  of  plants  will  be  necessarily 
restricted.  But  in  the  spring  garden,  that  need  not  be  disturbed, 
there  is  not  only  a  much  wider  range  of  material  to  choose  from,  but 
there  may  be  bold  groups  of  some  of  those  permanent  plants  of  large 
and  handsome  form  that  have  a  conspicuous  air  of  importance  and 
distinction.  These  are  the  more  to  be  valued  because  the  large-leaved 
garden  plants  of  springtime  are  none  too  many. 

As  it  has  been  one  of  my  pleasant  tasks  of  late  years  to  puzzle  out 
ways  of  using  spring  flowers  it  may  be  of  use  to  say  something  of  my 
own  garden,  especially  as  it  showed  itself  in  those  happier  years  before 
the  war;  and  to  note  certain  conclusions  I  have  come  to  since;  for 
though  for  three  years  it  has  been  almost  neglected,  yet  one  never 
ceases  to  think  out  ways  and  means,  in  the  hope  that  some  day  it  may 
again  be  given  the  attention  it  deserves. 

The  spring  garden  lies  a  little  way  apart  and  yet  is  easily  accessible. 
There  is  a  long,  high  wall  that  was  built  for  the  protection  of  the  main 
summer  flower  border  from  the  northwest  wind.  The  spring  garden 
lies  at  the  back  of  this  at  one  end  and  on  its  northern  side,  where  the 
line  of  the  wall  is  prolonged  by  a  Yew  hedge  which  has  now  grown  to 
equal  the  ten-foot  height  of  the  wall  itself.  The  hedge  returns  at  the 


farther  end  and  hides  some  outbuildings.  The  other  sides  of  the  garden 
have  a  double  dry  wall  planted  at  the  top;  this  has  now  grown  into  a 
thick  mass  of  Rosa  lucida,  and  the  remaining  short  side  has  another 
Avail,  barely  five  feet  high  but  with  shrubs  outside,  so  that  it  also 
forms  a  sheltering  boundary.  Near  the  middle  is  a  grassy  space  a 
few  yards  wide  and  roughly  circular.  Three  oaks  and  two  Hollies 
nearly  surround  the  little  grass  plot,  but  the  ring  of  shade  is  com- 
pleted by  some  nut  trees,  Filberts  and  Cobs,  now  grown  to  a  good 
height.  There  are  two  wooden  seats,  one  of  them  in  an  arched  recess 
notching  into  the  largest  Holly. 

The  main  border  is  against  the  wall  and  the  Yew  hedge  that  forms 
its  continuation.  It  is  twelve  feet  wide,  with  a  space  of  two  feet  next 
to  the  wall  for  access  to  the  back  plants,  and  sixty-five  feet  long. 
Near  the  back  and  partly  coming  forward  towards  the  middle  of  the 
border,  are  in  two  places,  groups  of  *  Veratrum  nigrum,  that  fine  middle 
European  plant  of  noble  foliage;  the  deeply  plaited  leaves  are  over  a 
foot  long  and  about  seven  inches  wide.  The  flower  does  not  concern 
the  spring  garden;  it  does  not  come  till  June,  and  though  the  tall 
spike  of  blackish  purple  is  then  a  handsome  object,  yet  the  chief 
beauty  of  the  plant  is  in  the  foliage  which  is  in  perfection  in  April. 
This  fine  plant  alone  will  give  the  border  a  certain  impression  of 
solidity  and  importance,  but  we  have  also  early  growth  into  large 
leafage  in*Myirhis  odorata,  the  old  English  Sweet  Cicely, a  handsome 
plant  with  wide-spread,  fern-like  foliage,  crowned  with  broad  cream- 
white  bloom,  which  is  not  only  good  in  itself  but  shows  out  well  among 
the  other  spring  flowers  as  the  only  representative  of  its  large  botanical 
familv^  There  is  also  *Solomon's  Seal  {Polygonatum  multiflorum)  in 
good  sized  patches  of  its  fine  arching  sprays;  it  is  the  large  Irish  kind, 
nearly  four  feet  high. 

Before  coming  to  the  actual  flower  masses,  I  should  like  to  empha- 
size something  I  have  learned  of  late  years  and  that  I  now  practise 
with  ever  increasing  confidence.  This  is  the  great  value  of  what,  for 
want  of  a  better  name,  I  know  as  the  "between  plants."  Any  mass 
of  bloom  may  be  a  pleasant  sight,  but  if  the  flowers  have  a  proper 
setting  their  value  is  very  greatly  enhanced.  Years  ago  I  used  to 
notice,  in  friends'  conservatories,  places  where  many  tender  plants 
grown  under  glass  were  brought  together  when  in  bloom  for  show, 
how  poor  the  effect  often  was— just  a  quantity  of  flowering  plants 
put  together  without  any  definite  arrangement  except  that  the  taller 
ones  were  put  at  the  back  and  the  shorter  in  front.  I  shall  hope, 
later,  to  have  something  to  say  about  such  places,  but  what  I  learned 
was  equally  applicable  to  outdoor  gardening,  and  it  set  me  making 
search  for  good  "between  plants"  for  use  with  the  spring  flowers. 


Two  were  found  whose  value  can  hardly  be  over-estimated.  One  is  a 
variety  of  the  common  Sage  with  purple-tinged  leaves;  the  other  is 
"^'Heuchera  Richardsoni,  the  Satin  Leaf,  so  called  because  the  young 
foliage,  suffused  with  reddish-brown,  and  just  in  young  perfection  in 
April,  has  a  satin-like  lustre.  These  two  plants  are  rather  freely  used, 
for  the  most  part  in  diagonal  drifts,  but  also  singly,  out-lying,  as  the 
planting  may  require.  *The  Purple  Sage  is  a  charming  accompaniment 
to  anything  of  pink  or  purple  coloring,  and  the  Heuchera  has  proved 
an  admirable  setting  for  the  further  plants  where  the  coloring  is  of 
scarlet,  orange  and  wall  flower  brown. 

To  give  a  general  survey  of  the  arrangement,  it  begins  with  the 
double  white  Arabis  in  front,  followed  by  Aubrietia  of  pale  and  deep 
purple;  they  are  not  at  the  front  edge  only,  but  also  swing  back  a 
little  way  into  the  depth  of  the  border.  I  have  found,  in  all  border 
arrangement,  that,  as  a  general  rule,  it  is  better  to  plant  in  what  it  is 
convenient  to  call  "drifts,"  running  more  or  less  diagonally  with  the 
line  of  the  path,  rather  than  in  patches  of  more  solid  shape.  For  one 
thing  the  whole  drift  is  better  displayed  as  one  passes  along,  and  then 
by  having  them  in  this  form,  when  the  bloom  of  one  kind  is  over,  it  is 
more  easily  concealed  by  the  flowers  of  its  neighbors  on  either  side. 
My  drifts  are  anything  from  five  to  ten  feet  long  and  a  little  thicker 
in  the  middle.  The  diagram  shows  their  general  form  and  disposition. 

To  return  to  the  flowers,  at  the  near  end  there  are  Daffodils  and 
White  TuUps,  inter-planted  and  sometimes  carpeted,  with  Forget- 
me-not  and  white  and  yellow  bunch  Primroses,  and  early  Irises,  both 
purple  and  cream  white,  in  a  framing  of  the  Purple  Sage,  with  purple 
Wallflower  and  a  fine  form  of  dark  purple  Honesty  (Lunaria  biennis) 
at  the  back.  The  Wallflower  is  repeated  after  a  big  drift  of  the  Prim- 
roses, and  now  comes  one  of  the  groups  of  the  Veratrum,  Quite  at  the 
back  there  are  some  patches  of  the  stately  Crown  Imperial  *{FritiUaria 
imperialis),  the  sulphur  colored  one.  The  diagram  shows  how  the 
Purple  Sage  is  used  with  the  Tulips,  the  early  pink  Rosamundi, 
followed  by  the  taller  Clara  Butt,  a  flower  whose  quiet  pink  coloring 
accords  most  charmingly  with  that  of  the  Sage.  Here  there  is  a  front 
edging  of  the  purple-leaved  form  of  the  native  *Ajuga  reptans,  broken 
by  a  few  plants  of  Aubrietia  which  make  a  pleasant  repetition  of  the 
color  of  the  earlier,  larger  group.  The  color  now  changes  to  the  richer 
yellow  of  Doronicum  plantaginium,  with  yellow  Tulips  and  still  some 
purple  Iris  in  the  middle,  and  Viola  gracilis  in  the  front.  Now  the 
main  "between  plant"  is  the  Heuchera  as  the  yellow  flowers  deepen 
to  orange,  with  orange  Crown  Imperials  at  the  back  and  Tulips  such 
as  Thomas  Moore,  followed  by  La  Merveille,  all  with  a  liberal  inter- 
planting  of  brown  Wallflower.    This  leads  to  the  strong  reds  of  the 

6 


splendid  tall  Tulip  Gesneriana  Major,  with  shorter  earlier  kinds,  such 
as  the  bright  little  Artus.  As  all  these  have  a  good  setting  of  the  dark 
Satin  Leaf  the  eye  is  pleased  by  having  a  break  of  green  leafage  of  the 
second  group  of  Veratrum,  with  the  graceful  Myrrhis  and  Solomon's 
Seal  and  more  of  the  tall  blooming  Doronicum. 

Now  there  comes  a  cross  path  and  beyond  it  the  border  widens  as 
the  main  walk  swings  to  the  left  near  the  Hollies  and  passes  out  beyond 
by  an  arch  in  the  Yew  hedge.  This  wider  part  is  all  rich  yellow  and 
orange,  with  Kerria,  Berheris  Darwinii,  red  and  orange  Tulips  and  the 
dark  Heuchera,  and,  at  the  back,  the  rich  red  coloring  of  some  bushes 
of  red-leaved  maples  with  an  underplanting  of  the  dark  purple  Honesty, 

Every  year,  as  the  arrangement  becomes  a  little  better,  one  sees 
how  it  may  be  further  improved;  there  is  no  finality  in  gardening. 

*  Veratrum  nigrum,  Black  Hellibore,  is  seldom  used  in  this  country,  but 
is  hardy  and  easily  raised  from  seed.  It  prefers  shade  as  do  most  of  the 
plants  used  in  this  border. 

Polygonatum  muUiflorum  is  the  European  variety  and  that  sold  by 
our  nurseries.  It  is  much  used  in  England  in  borders  and  for  growing  in 
pots.    It  is  much  larger  than  our  native  type. 

Myrrhis  odorata  is  seldom  seen  in  America  but  may  be  obtained  from 
the  Wolcott  Nurseries,  Jackson,  Michigan.  The  northern  situation  of 
this  nursery  would  indicate  that  it  is  hardy. 

Heuchera  Richardsoni  is  a  hybrid  form  that  is  not  listed  in  American 
catalogues.  Its  seed  might  be  imported  and  plants  raised  without  much 
difficulty. 

Purple  Sage  we  think  is  Salvia  Sdat'ea,  a  plant  little  used  in  America 
but  very  handsome  and  very  easily  raised  from  seed.  In  Illinois  it  blooms 
aoout  the  last  of  June,  but  it  sends  up  its  woolly  foliage  early  in  the  spring. 
Tht'  editor  has  a  small  quantity  of  seed  which  she  will  gladly  send  upon 
request.   It  should  be  treated  here  as  a  biennial. 

Friiillaria  Imperialis  is  unfortunately  one  pf  the  bulbs  excluded  by 
Quarantine  37.  Breeder  Tulips  in  browns  and  yellows  might  be  used  in 
its  place. 

Ajuga  'reptans,  Creeping  Bugle,  is  distinctly  a  shade  plant. 

Wall  Flowers,  unfortunately,  can  be  used  only  as  an  autumn  flower 
in  America  and  then  are  successful  only  when  the  first  frost  comes  late  in 
the  season.  Can  any  of  our  members  suggest  a  plant  of  similar  form  and 
color  that  might  be  used  in  their  place? 

Seed  for  all  of  the  plants  mentioned  in  Miss  JekyU's  article  may  be 
had  from  John  Forbes,  Hawick,  Scotland,  or  from  Henri  Correvon, 
Floraire,  near  Geneva,  Switzerland.  Since  we  must  depend  upon  raising 
our  own  unusual  varieties  hereafter,  why  not  send  for  these  and  other 
foreign  catalogues  and  experiment? 

Remember  that  none  of  the  plants  mentioned  will  have  the  height 
indicated  in  the   article.  K.  L.  B. 


How  Are  New  Roses  Made  ? 

J.  Horace  McFajrland,  Editor  American  Rose  Annual 

The  energetic  and  persistent  editor  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Garden 
Club  OF  America  insists  that  I  must  make  good  on  the  implied  promise 
involved  in  a  recent  article  on  *' Making  New  Roses  for  America,"  in 
the  direction  of  suggesting  how  they  may  be  made. 

The  breeding  of  new  roses  is  a  very  technical  matter  if  it  is  pur- 
sued with  sufficient  dignity,  sobriety  and  concern.  It  is,  however, 
very  much  in  such  work  as  it  is  in  making  butter.  One  time  the 
great  dairyman  at  Cornell,  Professor  Wing,  said  to  me,  "We  have 
here  completely  worked  out  scientific  rules  for  producing  the  best 
possible  butter;  yet  every  now  and  then  I  find  some  old  woman  in 
the  country  who  never  heard  of  science  and  never  saw  a  rule,  who  is 
producing  better  butter  than  we  know  about!" 

It  is  this  fine  possibility  that  makes  it  worth  while  to  commend  the 
consideration  of  rose  production  to  the  women  of  the  Garden  Club, 
who  would  hardly  have  time  to  become  absorbed  in  rose  hybridiza- 
tion as  a  pursuit. 

In  the  1916  American  Rose  Annual,  on  page  24,  Prof.  E.  A. 
White,  who  is  now  the  secretary  of  the  American  Rose  Society,  pre- 
sented a  very  clear  statement  as  to  the  basis  of  rose-breeding.  Any 
interested  women  are  referred  to  this  to  get  a  start. 

It  is  not,  I  take  it,  in  point  here  to  tell  exactly  the  motions 
for  pollination,  because  the  practice  itself  can  easily  be  learned 
by  any  who  are  interested  enough  to  buy,  or  read  in  a  library,  "Th^ 
Practical  Book  of  Outdoor  Rose-Growing,"  by  Captain  George 
C.  Thomas,  Jr.  That  is,  detailed  figures  and  suggestions  are  thus 
available. 

The  point  I  would  hke  to  bring  out  is  that  the  woman  who  is 
interested  and  who  provides  herself  with  the  simple  outfit  requisite, 
then  needs  ideals.  What  are  the  ideals  she  should  hold? 

She  must  determine  what  she  is  working  toward.  To  merely  mix 
up  a  lot  of  rose  pollen  on  a  lot  of  receptive  anthers  and  hope  that 
something  may  happen,  is  interesting  but  not  very  important.  To 
take  a  favorite  rose,  which  is  favored  either  because  it  has  the  color 
one  likes,  or  the  perfume  one  likes,  or  the  form  of  bloom  one  hkes, 
or  the  ever-blooming  habit  one  likes,  or  because  it  is  a  good  climbing 
rose,  or  a  particularly  pleasing  bush  rose,  and  to  use  this  rose  as 
either  male  or  female  parent  in  order  to  combine  into  it  some  other 
qualities  desired,  is  the  worth-while  work  I  should  like  to  have 
undertaken. 

8 


It  will  soon  be  discovered  that  qualities  are  transmitted  with 
reasonable  certainty;  that  fragrance  can  be  added  or  subtracted; 
even  that  thorns  can  be  removed  by  breeding  to  that  end. 

How  does  the  cunning  worker  who  has  made  our  vegetable  gardens 
productive  go.  about  producing  a  new  bean?  He  selects  out  of  a  field 
of  beans  the  plant  nearest  to  his  ideal  and  isolates  it.  From  its  seeds 
he  selects  again,  after  having  pollinated  the  bean  flowers  from  varieties 
which  have  any  of  the  qualities  he  is  in  love  with.  Then  he  keeps  on 
pollinating  and  planting  and  working,  and  he  is  always  approximating 
toward  his  result. 

In  the  1920  American  Rose  Annual,  Captain  Thomas  will  tell  how 
he  has  produced  the  most  encouraging  results  yet  attained  toward  the 
hardy  everblooming  climber  we  all  hope  for.  He  did  it  by  starting 
with  an  ideal,  and  using  all  means  toward  that  ideal,  discarding  those 
that  failed  and  retaining  those  that  succeeded. 

If  I  knew  anything  about  the  science  of  genetics  I  might  put  in 
here  some  very  long  words.  Fortunately  I  am  free  from  that  knowl- 
edge, and  therefore  free  from  the  disposition!  I  can  properly  say  to 
the  rose-loving  women  of  the  Gasden  Club  that  any  one  of  them  who 
is  willing  to  give  some  thoughtful  time  in  previous  study  and  prepara- 
tion and  some  more  very  delightful  time  in  the  necessary  breeding 
when  roses  bloom,  is  likely  to  have  an  experience  she  will  never  forget 
— that  of  seeing  come  into  bloom  a  new  creation  in  a  rose  for  the 
qualities  of  which  she  is  individually  responsible.  A  woman  can  best 
understand  this  joy,  I  tliink,  and  I  should  believe  that  she  would  go 
about  the  breeding  of  roses  as  reverently  and  joyously  as  modern 
\merican  women  approach  the  function  of  motherhood. 


The  Dahlia 

Various  Experiences  and  Suggestions 

During  the  long  period  when  no  Bulletin  was  issued  a  number 
of  articles  on  the  Dahlia  accumulated.  Since  these  come  from  various 
parts  of  the  country  and  differ  in  many  points  it  would  seem  interest- 
ing and  useful  to  print  them  all.  This  it  is  impossible  to  do  in  their 
entirety,  so  each  has  been  cut  somewhat  in  its  less  practical  details  or 
where  all  three  repeat  details.  Nothing  of  importance  has  been  left 
out  entirely,  but  in  some  cases  one  article  has  been  allowed  to  speak 
for  all.  The  editor  begs  the  forgiveness  of  the  various  writers  and 
hopes  that  the  arrangement  made  will  meet  with  their  understanding 
and  approval. 


The  Dahlia 

W.  C.  Boyle 
Associate  Member,  Garden  Club  of  Cleveland 

The  discovery  of  the  Dahlia  is  probably  one  of  the  few  benefits 
Spain  conferred  upon  the  world  in  the  conquest  of  Mexico.  It  was 
found  indigenous  on  the  sandy  plains  of  that  war-stricken  countr}^ 
and  brought  to  Spain.  But  it  remained  to  England,  where  it  was 
introduced  from  Spain  in  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  to 
develop  it  into  the  remarkable  flower  it  is  today.  This  development 
has  affected  not  only  color  but  structure  as  well.  In  its  native  state  it 
is  described  as  "single  with  dull  scarlet  rays  and  yellow  disk."  It  is 
impossible  in  a  brief  paper  of  this  nature  to  cover  all  the  work  of  the 
"wizards"  in  nature  in  producing  from  this  wild,  foreign,  insignificant 
waif  the  wide  range  of  the  present  Dahha. 

In  its  cultivation  in  this  region  (northern  Ohio)  I  know  of  no  more 
illusive  plant — no  two  growers  seem  to  agree  on  their  "cultivation 
notes."  I  have  attempted  to  test  every  theory  and  have  met  with 
success  or  failure  not  so  much  by  reason  of  the  notes  as  the  cUmatic 
conditions  in  the  various  years.  The  Dahha  loves  a  moist,  cool 
atmosphere.  We  find  it  reaching  perfection  in  the  seaboard  states  of 
New  England  where  it  gathers  moisture  from  heavy  dews  and  fogs  and 
is  invigorated  by  the  cool  nights.  England's  cHmate  is  ideal  in  this 
respect.  Travehng  through  rural  England  in  August,  1914,  I  found 
the  rarest  varieties  growing  four  to  six  feet  in  height  and  covered  with 
perfect  blooms.  Here,  our  plants  are  apt  to  get  such  a  set-back  during 
the  dry  heat  of  July  and  August  that  they  barely  recover  in  time  to 
come  in  bloom  shortly  before  frost.  It  seems  to  be  a  simple  thing  to 
grow  them  in  the  eastern  states  referred  to,  but  in  the  central  states 
success  will  be  measured  b)^  the  extent  to  which  one  can  overcome  this 
setback. 

Generally  speaking,  any  good  loam  or  garden  soil  is  proper  for 
Dahlias,  provided  it  is  cultivated  deeply  and  well  drained.  The 
tubers  should  be  placed  flat  about  six  inches  below  the  surface  and 
three  feet  between  plants  and  rows.  There  is  considerable  controversy 
as  to  when  to  plant,  some  favoring  early  and  others  late.  In  this 
region  I  prefer  the  month  of  June,  and  preferably  the  first  half.  It  is  of 
the  utmost  importance  to  have  the  plants  well  established  before  the 
hot  summer  months.  After  the  plant  is  well  up,  cultivation  should 
begin  and  be  kept  up  until  near  blooming  period.  If  irrigation  is 
necessary  the  ground  should  be  thoroughly  soaked  once  a  week,  or 
twice  a  week  if  cultivation  is  not  systematically  carried  out.  A  slight 

10 


wetting  of  the  ground  is  of  no  use.  The  plants  are  benefited  by  having 
the  foUage  washed  with  the  hose  occasionally.  If  the  plants  are  of 
slow  growth  they  will  be  aided  by  an  application  of  liquid  manure  or 
nitrate  of  soda,  either  used  sparingly  in  crystals  on  the  ground,  or  the 
ground  sprayed  with  a  solution  of  one  tablespoonful  of  crystals  to  a 
gallon  of  water.  As  the  plants  are  coming  into  bud,  I  recommend  a 
mulch  of  fine,  well  rotted  manure  three  or  four  inches  deep.  This  will 
supply  the  stimulant  needed  for  blooming,  and  at  the  same  time  keep 
the  ground  cool  and  moist. 

There  are  two  principal  methods  of  training:  the  staking  and  the 
branching.  The  first  is  practiced  by  eliminating  all  but  one  stalk  and 
securely  fastening  it  to  a  well  planted  stake.  The  dahlia  stalk  is  hollow 
and  tender  when  mature  and  is  easily  broken  by  the  wind  or  its  own 
weight.  Show  flowers  may  be  developed  from  such  a  stock  by  nipping 
ofT  some  of  the  flower  buds.  In  the  second  method,  the  plant  is  nipped 
back  so  as  to  give  it  a  low  branching  habit.  This  delays  the  flowering 
slightly  (probably  two  weeks),  but  renders  staking  unnecessary  and 
decreases  the  danger  of  losing  a  whole  plant  by  the  breaking  of  one 
main  stem.  This  "nipping"  process  is  done  when  the  first  two  sets  of 
leaves  are  formed  by  cutting  out  the  stem  down  to  these  leaves. 
This  results  in  four  flower  stocks,  one  at  the  base  of  each  leaf,  each 
capable  of  producing  as  much  bloom  as  the  one  staUc  of  the  staking 
method.  A  third  method  is  the  massing  system,  where  the  tubers  are 
planted  in  rows  a  foot  or  two  apart.  The  plants  being  close  together 
are  supposed  to  be  self-supporting.  By  trying  out  these  methods  one 
can  soon  find  which  to  adopt.  Personally  I  prefer  the  branching 
method. 

Propagation  is  by  tubers,  slips  or  seed.  It  is  quite  easy  to  raise 
Dahlias  from  slips.  The  tuber  is  placed  in  the  hot  bed  in  the  spring 
and  when  the  sprouts  from  it  are  three  inches  high,  they  are  cut  off 
and  planted  singly  in  small  pots  with  fine,  sandy  soil  and  placed  in 
moderate  heat.  They  root  quickly.  Transfer  to  large  pots  of  light, 
rich  soil.  These  slips,  of  course,  come  true  to  the  mother  plant.  By 
this  method  one  can,  with  moderate  expense,  secure  a  number  of 
plants  of  the  new  and  rare  productions  of  each  year,  or  of  some 
favorite  variety.  Frequently  the  slip  plants  bloom  more  quickly  and 
better  than  those  raised  from  the  tubers. 

Seed  should  be  sown  early  in  spring  in  the  hot-bed  or  boxes  in  the 
house,  and  the  plants  transferred  into  pots  in  the  manner  of  handling 
slips.  The  flowers  seldom  come  true,  but  the  chance  of  developing 
something  new  adds  to  the  charm  of  this  method. 

When  the  tubers  are  lifted  in  the  fall,  six  or  eight  inches  of  the 
stalk  should  be  left  on  and  the  tubers  prDperly  dried  and  packed  in  a 

II 


dry,  cool  cellar.  They  should  not  be  allowed  to  shrivel.  They  should 
be  separated  just  before  planting,  care  being  taken  to  have  at  least  one 
eye  to  each  tuber.  Tubers  without  eyes  may  be  thrown  away  as  use- 
less. Plant  but  one  tuber  in  a  hill — its  size  makes  little  difference  in  the 
final  development  of  the  plant. 

A  troublesome  insect  is  the  little  greenish  white  fly  or  tlirips  which 
operates  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  during  July  and  August.  By 
its  destructive  work  the  leaves  curl  and  growth  is  retarded.  Spray 
frequently  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  with  solution  of  nicotine. 
This  is  not  entirely  effective,  and  I  know  of  nothing  which  will  abso- 
lutely control  this  pest.  If  any  one  in  the  Garden  Club  knows  the 
remedy  it  would  be  a  God-send  to  all  lovers  of  this  wonderful  flower  to 
have  it  widely  published.  It  does  its  most  injurious  work  during  the 
months  of  July  and  August,  when  the  vitality  of  the  plant  in  this 
region  is  at  its  lowest  ebb.  I  have  observed  that  during  favorable 
years  when  the  plant  can  be  kept  growing  and  is  vigorous,  the  injury 
done  is  not  so  great.  Little  injury  is  dohe  by  this  insect  after 
September  ist. 

The  Cultivation  of  Dahlias 
Mks.  J.  Horace  Harding,  Rumson  Garden  Club 

In  Philadelphia  lives  a  very  noted  Rosarian — Dr.  Robert  Huey — 
and,  curiously  enough,  it  was  through  him  that  I  first  learned  to  take 
an  interest  in  Dahlias,  for  he  grows  them  and  loves  them  almost  as 
ardently  as  his  roses. 

One  cultivates  a  Dahlia,  and  receives  more  satisfaction,  in  my 
opinion,  than  from  any  other  flower.  Roses  are  so  difficult  to  culti- 
vate— so  capricious — need  such  nurturing  care:  they  have  to  be 
protected  from  so  many  pests  and  blights.  Phlox  seems  to  me  to  be 
one  long  struggle  to  keep  it  true  to  color;  it  does  so  love  to  be  magenta, 
and  is  so  horrid  to  look  at  in  that  unbecoming  condition.  Peonies  are 
gorgeous — superb — but  blossom  so  short  a  time. 

It  is  not  the  best  praise,  I  know,  to  offer  condemning  comparisons 
to  prove  the  value  of  an  object  praised,  but  I  could  not  resist.  The 
Dahlia  grows  easily  in  almost  any  soil — ^indeed,  some  one  said  it  could 
grow  in  an  ash  heap — ;is  attacked  by  comparatively  few  pests,  and  will 
blossom  from  July  to  heavy  frost,  if  you  plant  it  early  enough.  Of 
course,  in  making  these  general  statements,  I  am  not  speaking  of 
prize  Dahlias;  to  grow  the  finest  one  must  have  carefully  prepared  soil. 

The  Dahlia  derives  its  name  from  the  Swedish  botanist,  Dr.  Dahl. 
It  was  first  discovered  in  1657,  but  was  first  grown  as  a  double  flower 
in  181 2,  when  it  became  immensely  popular. 

12 


The  Dahlia  loves  an  open,  sunny  situation,  and  a  rich,  mellow 
soil  is  preferable.  However,  it  possesses  an  easy-going,  happy  dis- 
position and  will  grow  anywhere,  except  in  dense  shade  or  in  wet, 
sour  soil. 

The  thing  to  remember  is  that  cultivation  is  first  in  importance 
and  location  second.  The  location  chosen  should  be  prepared  for 
planting  by  digging  deep — the  deeper  the  better — and,  if  possible,  in 
the  fall.  If  the  soil  is  poor,  a  little  well-rotted  manure  should  be 
worked  in.  Too  heavy  fertiUzation  produces  a  rank,  sappy  growth  of 
foliage  and  gives  the  plant  no  time  to  think  of  flowers.  Another  evil 
follows — the  thick  foliage  is  much  too  comfortable  a  home  for  insect 
pests,  which  harbor  and  breed  there. 

If  the  soil  is  capable  of  producing  a  rank  growth  of  weeds,  little, 
if  any,  fertilizer  is  needed.  For  a  heavy  or  medium  soil,  I  would  use 
rather  coarse  manure  with  wood  ashes  or  a  light  dressing  of  coarse 
bone  meal.   Soils  that  are  low  and  inclined  to  be  wet  must  have  lime. 

An  excellent  plan  on  all  soils  is  to  spread  a  mulching  of  barnyard 
manure  over  the  surface  and  around  the  plants  after  the  last  hoeing 
and  cultivating.  This  will  prevent  the  soil  baking,  and  permit  the 
small  fibrous  roots  to  come  to  the  surface. 

In  planting  tubers,  lay  the  tuber  in  a  horizontal  position.  This 
permits  the  new  growth  to  begin  at  once  the  formation  of  new  roots, 
which  are,  in  turn,  to  become  the  tubers  of  next  year.  As  you  know, 
each  Dahlia  root  produces  from  three  to  five  new  tubers  each  year,  so 
that  your  original  stock  is  enormously  increased.  If  the  tuber  is 
planted  perpendicularly,  the  new  stalk  will  draw  its  strength  through 
the  old  tuber,  which  will  seriously  handicap  the  plant. 

Plant  about  five  inches  deep  and  cover  firmly  with  soil.  Dahlias 
can  be  planted  as  soon  as  the  ground  is  dry — as  early  as  May  15th 
and  as  late  as  June  20th — with  good  results.  I  generally  do  three 
plantings:  Ma)'  15th,  June  ist,  and  June  15th. 

The  most  important  thing  to  remember  in  Dahlia  cultivation  is  the 
use  of  the  hoe.  As  soon  as  the  sprouts  appear  above  the  surface  of 
the  earth,  the  soil  must  be  kept  loose  and  mellow — never  allowed  to 
form  a  crust.  This  should  be  kept  up  until  the  first  bloom  appears,  at 
which  time,  if  tools  have  been  properly  used,  there  should  be  a  slight 
hillock  around  each  plant,  or  a  slight  ridge  along  each  row,  so  that 
water  will  not  lie  around  the  plants.  Water  can  be  used  sparingly, 
except  in  case  of  a  long  dry  spell.  Too  much  water  produces  rank  foli- 
age and  small  flowers. 

When  I  first  became  interested  in  Dahlia-culture,  I  motored  one 
day  in  September  from  Philadelphia  to  Berlin,  N.  J.,  south  of  Camden, 
to  see  Mr.  Peacock's  Dahlia  Farm.   The  Dahlias  were  then  in  their 

13 


glory.  Mr.  Peacock  is  perhaps  the  largest  of  all  the  growers,  and  has 
taken  so  many  prizes  that  he  is  not  allowed  to  exhibit  in  competition 
for  a  prize.  It  was  on  Sunday  and  there  were  hundreds  of  people,  but 
I  was  fortunate  to  meet  him  that  afternoon,  and  for  half  an  hour  he 
showed  me  the  proper  method  of  disbudding,  which  I  will  repeat  to 
you. 

From  each  tuber  planted,  several  stalks  appear  above  ground. 
When  these  are  firmly  established,  perhaps  five  inches  above  ground, 
Mr.  Peacock  cuts  off  every  stalk  but  one,  throwing  all  the  strength 
into  one  stalk.  If  you  have  very  few  plants,  however,  I  would  advise 
leaving  two  stalks,  in  case  of  accident,  but  not  more.  These  stalks 
must  be  carefully  tied  to  stakes,  in  several  places,  as  they  are  growing, 
to  avoid  breaking.  Cover  each  bleeding  stalk  with  a  fine  powdering  of 
earth,  to  hasten  coagulation  and  sa^'e  the  sap.  This  is  important.  It 
is  also  important  to  place  the  stakes  when  you  are  planting  the  tuber, 
as  many  a  tuber  has  been  ruined  by  having  a  stake  driven  through 
it.  The  tubers  grow  in  a  long,  straggling  way,  and  it  is  hard  to  know 
just  where  they  are  underground.  When  they  are  beginning  to  bud, 
and  you  can  really  see  an  evidence  of  the  terminal  bud,  pinch  (not  cut) 
out  the  shoots  in  each  section,  three  rows  down,  leaving  the  terminal 
bud  to  develop  on  a  nice  long  stem.  This  method  of  disbudding  causes 
the  plant  to  bush  out  at  the  bottom,  and,  as  each  spray  grows,  the 
same  method  of  disbudding  should  be  carried  out.  When  I  want  very 
large  flowers,  I  pinch  down  four  sections,  and  last  year  got  Minnie 
Burgles  nine  inches  across,  with  stems  a  yard  long.  In  pinching  off 
buds  and  sprays  in  sections,  I  sprinkle  the  oozing  ends  with  powdered 
earth  and  save  all  the  sap  possible. 

My  real  inspiration  in  Dahlia  growing  has  been  Dr.  Theodore  W. 
Moses,  who  lent  me  many  helpful  pamphlets  on  the  Dahlia,  and  told 
me  about  a  small  periodical  that  keeps  Dahlia  lovers  very  much 
up-to-date — "The  Bulletin  of  the  American  Dahlia  Society." 

Practical  Suggestions  for  Growing  Dahlias 
Mrs.  Paul  L.  Cort,  Trenton  Garden  Club 

We  cannot  all  grow  Dahlias  from  cuttings,  first  because  we  have 
not  greenhouses  to  start  them  in,  second  because  they  are  expensive 
to  buy,  and  third  because  we  that  have  tubers,  and  have  enjoyed  their 
flowers  before,  are  attached  to  them  and  want  to  grow  them  the  next 
year. 

If  we  have  last  year's  tubers,  don't  think  of  planting  the  whole 
thing,  but  separate  each  tuber  very  carefully. 

14 


In  April  spread  the  bulbs  out  on  the  floor  of  the  cellar,  cover  them 
with  newspapers,  sprinkle  the  papers  with  water,  and  keep  them 
moist  until  the  tubers  sprout.  When  the  sprouts  are  fairly  visible,  it  is 
time  to  separate  the  tubers  with  a  sharp  knife.  Not  all  tubers  produce 
eyes,  and  the  largest  tubers  do  not  always  produce  the  strongest  plant, 
so  don't  discard  your  little  tubers,  but  plant  them,  and  they  may  give 
you  the  best  blooms. 

After  the  tubers  have  been  separated,  pack  them  away  again  in  a 
box  covered  with  sawdust  or  dry  moss,  and  do  not  plant  until  June 
first  or  even  the  middle  of  June. 

Dahlias  must  have  an  open  sunny  place  with  plenty  of  air  and 
light.  The  soil  must  be  poor,  light  soil.  Sand  and  gravel  seems  to  be 
ideal  since  mine  do  so  well,  though  my  ground  is  exceedingly  poor, 
with  plenty  of  brickbats  and  all  sized  stone.  Rich  and  manured  soil, 
which  will  make  all  foliage  and  few  flowers,  must  be  avoided.  Simply 
spade  and  turn  over  the  ground.  The  soil  around  the  plants  must  never 
cake. 

Every  plant  should  have  a  space  of  three  feet  between  the  plants, 
and  four  feet  between  the  rows.   Always  grow"  dahlias  by  themselves. 

The  roots  should  be  placed  horizontally  in  an  opening  three  inches 
deep,  and  the  sprout  or  eye  should  always  face  upward.  No  manure 
of  any  kind  should  be  placed  underneath  the  tuber.  It  is  better  to 
place  pebbles  underneath  for  drainage. 

It  is  very  necessary  to  stake  every  plant  and  keep  them  well  tied 
with  raffia. 

In  July,  when  your  plants  are  about  eighteen  inches  high,  cut  the 
to'p  right  off,  down  to  twelve  inches  from  the  ground.  Then  all  the 
growth  will  be  flowering,  and  they  will  not  be  over  your  head.  Dahlias 
will  grow  beyond  reach  if  they  are  not  cut  off.  Allow  only  one  stalk  to 
grQw  and  keep  the  little  young  ones  pulled  out. 

After  the  buds  appear  it  is  time  then  to  feed  the  plants,  so  as  to  get 
better  bloom,  larger  flowers  and  bright  colors.  Keep  the  soil  open, 
all  weeds  out  and  feed  them  once  a  week,  first  with  manure  water, 
next  with  ground  bone,  and  the  following  week  with  Clay's  Fertilizer 
and  nitrate  of  soda.  This  must  be  used  very  carefully  in  small  doses, 
or  you  will  kill  the  plant.  Apply  the  ground  bone  and  Clay's  Fertilizer 
dry,  work  it  into  the  ground,  then  wash  it  in. 

I  am  a  great  believer  in  watering,  and  plenty  of  it,  for  the  Dahlia 
is  a  moisture  loving  plant.  Spray  the  foliage  late  in  the  evening  and 
water  the  ground  well  too.  But  if  you  start  to  water  you  must  keep  it  up. 

Dahlias  do  very  well  at  the  seashore,  on  account  of  the  heavy  dew 
during  the  night  and  the  salt  air.  Weak  lime  water — a  handful  of 
lime  in  a  barrel  of  water — ^will  brighten  the  color. 

'  15 


To  make  your  flowers  last  longer,  cut  the  flowers  in  the  evening, 
and  plunge  the  stems  into  hot  water  for  a  few  minutes,  afterward 
into  cool  water.  Put  them  away  in  a  cool  cellar  for  the  night.  Arrange 
in  the  morning  and  your  flowers  will  last  several  days. 

Of  course  Dahhas  have  a  few  pests,  but  I  think  very  few.  I  am  not 
troubled  with  any,  and  I  think  one  reason  why  mi^e  are  so  healthy  is 
because  I  spray  the  foliage  nearly  every  evening,  and  they  are  kept 
clean.  The  cut  worm  works  under  groiind  so  you  can  not  keep  him 
washed  off,  but  to  catch  him  soak  the  ground  with  ''Vermine"  before 
your  tubers  are  set  out.  It  only  takes  six  tablespoonfuls  to  twelve 
quarts  of  water,  and  should  be  applied  on  a  rainy  day.  Then  there  is 
a  borer  that  forces  his  way  up  through  the  stalk.  To  catch  him,  plug 
up  his  entrance  with  some  cotton,  make  a  solution  of  Paris  Green, 
and  through  a  small  opening  on  the  uppermost  part  of  the  stalk,  made 
with  a  small  oil-can,  let  the  solution  run  down  the  stalk.  Let  it  remain 
fifteen  minutes,  then  remove  the  cotton.  The  poison  will  run  out 
leaving  the  borer  dead. 

The  White  Fly  stunts  the  growth  of  the  plant  and  the  leaves  turn 
yellow.  To  get  rid  of  him,  cut  your  plant  back  within  an  inch  of  the 
ground,  mulch  with  well  decayed  stable  manure,  and  keep  moist. 

Late  in  October,  when  the  faithful  plants  are  through  blooming, 
they  must  have  a  good  touch  of  frost  before  the  tops  are  cut  off.  Then 
dig  up  the  bulbs  Carefully  on  a  clear  day,  let  them  dry  in  the  sun  for 
half  a  day,  then  store  thern  in  a  box  and  cover  with  earth.  Keep 
them  air  tight  and  prevent  them  from  shrivelhng,  and  your  bulbs 
will  be  ready  for  the  next  season  and  give  you  as  good  flowers  as  ever. 

The  Dahlia  Hybridizing  of  Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft 
Jane  H.  Anderson,  Garden  Club  of  Cincinnati 

Now|that  the  war  is  over  and  people  can  once  more  devote  a  part 
of  their  time  to  flowers,  I  would  hke  to  give  to  the  members  of  the 
Garden  Club,  through  the  Bulletin,  a  short  account  of  the  really 
wonderful  success  achieved  in  the  cultivation  of  Dahlias  by  Mrs. 
Samuel  H.  Taft,  the  President  of  the  Cincinnati  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Taft  is  such  an  ardent  lover  of  flowers  that  she  succeeds  with 
all  flowers,  but  her  greatest  successes  have  been  with  Dahlias.  She 
not  only  thoroughly  understands  the  cultivation,  fertilizing,  dis- 
budding and  pruning  of  this  plant,  but  has  been  highly  successful  as  a 
hybridizer. 

I  will  give  below  a  hst  and  description  of  Mrs.  Taft's  best  seedUngs, 
but  I  wish  my  readers  could  see  these  flowers  in  all  their  magnificence. 

i6 


To  read  on  a  printed  page  that  a  flower  "measures  8  to  9  inches  in 
diameter  and  is  a  blending  in  color  of  carmine  and  ivory"  can  not 
possibly  bring  to  your  eyes  the  beauty  of  a  large  plant  covered  with 
such  flowers. 

Mrs.  Taft  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Dahlia  Society  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  has  had  several  Dahlias  named  for  her,  one  of  which, 
from  the  "Bessie  Boston  Dahlia  Farm"  has  taken  prizes  whenever 
shown. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  \dsit  of  the  Queen  of  the  Belgians  to  Cin- 
cinnati, at  a  concert  given  in  the  Cincinnati  Music  Hall  in  honor  of 
the  Queen,  she  wore,  pinned  to  her  dress,  two  magnificent  blooms  of 
"  Meyerbeer  "  grown  by  Mrs.  Taft,  and  cordially  consented  to  have  her 
name  "Elizabeth"  given  to  one  of  Mrs,  Taft's  seedlings. 

Seedling  Dahlias  Raised  by 

Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft 
President  Garden  Club  of  Cmcinnati 

1.  Mrs.  Nicholas  Longworth,  191 7  Seedling. 

Type — Peony. 

Height— 4  feet. 

Stem — Straight  and  slender. 

Flower — 4  to  6  inches  in  diameter,  comparatively  double  and  flat. 

Color — Bright  Carmine,  lighted  with  garance. 

2.  Mrs.  James  H.  Perkins,  191 7  Seedling. 

Type — Peony. 

Height — 4  feet. 

Stem — Flexuous. 

Flower — 5  to  7  inches  in  diameter,  semi-double  with  petals  curling  and  feather-like. 

Color — Shades  of  Old  Rose,  Strawberry  and  Ivory. 

3.  John  D.  Wareham,  191 8  Seedling. 

Type — Peony. 
Height — 5  feet. 

Stem — straight,  strong,  and  rigid. 
Flower — 8  to  9  inches  in  diameter,  and  very  deep. 

Color — A  most  superb  blending  of  Carmine  and  Ivorj',  both  the  color  and  texture  suggest- 
ing old  Venetian  brocade. 

4.  Mrs.  Frank  Perin,  191 8  Seedling. 

Type — Decorative,  Peony  Hybrid. 

Height — 5  feet. 

Stem — Rigid  and  cane-like. 

Flower — 7  to  g  inches  in  diameter  and  3  inches  in  depth. 

Color — Apricot  and  Salmon  Pink,  changing  to  vivid  Shrimp  Pink. 

5.  Golden  Pheasant,  1919  Seedling. 

Type — Hybrid  Decorative,  showing  Peony  and  Cactus  blood. 

Height — About  4  feet. 

Stem — Large  and  good. 

Flower — 9  to  10  inches  in  diameter,  very  double,  with  petals  curling  and  folded,  showing 

the  color  on  the  reverse  side. 
Color — Face  of  petals  Scarlet;  reverse  of  same  and  Golden  Yellow. 

17 


6.  Mourning  Dove,  igig  Own  Seedling.    Cross  of  Attraction  and 

Meyerbeer. 

Type — Semi-double  Peony. 

Height — 4  feet. 

Stem — Straight  and  good  quality. 

Flower — Very  large,  7  to  8  inches  in  diameter. 

Color — Toned  Cobalt  Violet,  Mauve  Pink.   Sad. 

7.  Golden  Lustre,  1919  Own  Seedling.   Cross  of  Schiff  and  Corban. 

TjTie — ^Peony,  full  of  deep  curling  and  twisted  petals. 
Height — 4  feet.  Good  growth,  free  bloomer. 
Stem — Medium  good,  slightly  fle.icuous. 
Flower — Very  large  and  heavy. 

Color — Shades  of  Chrome  and  Lemon  Yellow  on  face  of  petal,  reverse  side  being  Old  Red 
and  Reddish  Salmon.    Texture,  crj'staline  and  glistening.    Exquisite. 


8.     Azora — 1919  Seedling. 


Type — Decorative,  slight  show  of  Cactus  strain,  having  narrow  pointed  petals,  verj'  ful 

and  double. 
Height— 6  to  7  feet. 
Stem — Straight  and  cane-like. 
Flower — Medium  sized. 
Color — Very  striking,  being  deep  Cobalt  Violet,  verging  on  Blue. 

9.     Angelus,  19 19  Seedling. 

Type — Peony,  with  indications  of  decorative  blood  (Peony  Decorative  Hybrid). 

Height — 3  feet. 

Stem — Medium  size,  straight  and  rigid. 

Flower — Very  large,  petals  slightly  curling  and  not  showing  centre,  very  double. 

Color — Bright  Canarj-  at  the  centre.  Maize  or  Maples  Yellow  at  outer  circle  of  petals. 

10.  Frank  Duveneck,  191 9  Own  Seedlings,  Meyerbeer  cross. 

Type — Peony,  regular,  crimpled  petals. 
Height — 4  feet.   Several  stalks. 
Stem— Straight  and  rigid. 
Flower — Large. 

Color — Rich,  dark  Maroon,  shaded  with  Scarlet;  back  of  petals  Carmine;  open  centre. 
Yellow;  Texture,  velvety. 

11.  Mrs.  Charles  Anderson,  19 19  Seedlings. 

Type — Decorative,  Peony  strain. 

Height — 9  to  12  feet. 

Stem — Large  and  comparatively  straight. 

Flower^Very  large  and  deep,  with  8  or  lo  blooms  at  one  lime. 

Color — Shades  of  deep  Rose,  Pink  and  Mauve.    Superb. 


12.     Scarlet  Tanager,  19 19  Seedling. 


Type — Peony  Hybrid,  Cactus  strain. 

Height — 4  to  s  feet. 

Stem — Medium,  straight,  not  large. 

Flower — Medium. 

Color — Velvety  Scarlet,  Crimson,  evidently  seedling  from  Minnie  Burgle. 


13.     Margaret  Spaulding,  19 19  Seedling. 


Type — Decorative,  with  Peony  strain. 

Height — 4  feet. 

Stem — Straight  and  cane-like. 

Flower — 6  to  7  inches  in  diameter;  very  deep  and  double,  with  pointed    overlapping 

feather-like  petals. 
Color — Amber  center,  shading  outwardly  through  Salmon  Pinks  to  deep  Rose  Pink,  the 
whole  enveloped  in  a  bloom  of  Mauve  Pink. 

18 


Life  History  of  the  Honey  Bee 

Letitia  E.  Wright,  Jr. 

Every  colony  of  bees  has  a  queen,  many  thousand  workers  and 
some  drone  bees.  The  queen  is  the  mother,  the  drones  the  male 
bees,  and  the  workers,  as  the  name  implies,  the  bees  who  do  all  the 
work. 

A  colony  of  bees  may  live  in  a  hive,  a  hollow  tree  or  the  eaves  of  a 
house. 

In  every  colony  during  the  spring  and  summer  you  may  find  some 
drones,  the  male  bees,  and  they  are  large  and  noisy  fellows  with 
enormous  eyes.  They  do  not  sting,  in  fact  they  have  no  stings  and  for 
protection  have  loud  voices  and  look  more  deadly  than  the  worker 
bee.  Drones  are  idle,  they  cannot  gather  nectar  from  the  flowers,  but 
eat  the  honey  that  has  been  stored  away  by  the  industrious  worker 
bees.  Only  while  the  hive  is  prosperous  and  honey  is  coming  in,  are 
the  drones  tolerated.  At  the  approach  of  fall  or  a  sudden  cessation  of 
the  honey  flow  in  the  summer,  the  drones  are  killed.  The  worker  bees 
drive  them  from  the  hives,  the  sentinels  at  the  doorway  forbid  their 
entrance,  and  they  die  of  hunger  and  weakness. 

Drones  have  large  eyes,  and  strong  wings  because,  it  is  the  swiftest 
of  flight  and  the  keenest  of  sight  who  weds  the  queen  bee. 

In  a  colony  of  bees  there  may  be  many  hundred  drones,  where  only- 
one  is  needed.  In  this,  nature  is  seemingly  very  wasteful. 

A  good  bee-keeper  does  not  allow  his  hives  to  raise  many  drones. 
(How  to  control  the  production  of  drones  will  be  gone  into  in  one  of 
the  articles  on  bee-keeping  to  follow.) 

The  worker  bees  form  the  great  seething,  boiling  mass  that  fas- 
cinate and  terrify  you  when  you  first  lift  the  lid  of  a  hive. 

The  workers  protect  the  hive,  they  provide  for  the  colony,  they 
A^entilate  during  the  heat  of  summer,  appearing  like  tiny  electric  fans, 
their  wings  vibrating  too  quickly  to  be  seen.  They  are  living  furnaces, 
when  the  cold  penetrates  through  their  protection  in  winter.  Bees  do 
not,  strictly  speaking,  hibernate,  but,  being  warm-blooded  animals, 
when  the  temperation  drops,  they  exercise  to  bring  up  the  heat,  and  in 
order  to  do  this,  they  consume  honey,  for  no  furnace,  even  a  live  one, 
can  produce  heat  without  fuel. 

The  worker  bees  feed  the  young,  clean  the  hive,  make  the  wax  and 
build  the  comb,  gather  the  pollen  in  their  pollen  baskets  and  the 
nectar  in  their  honey  stomachs.  They  hunt  for  a  new  home,  and  when 
a  swarm  comes  from  a  hive,  those  workers  who  have  done  scout  duty 
lead  the  swarm  to  the  new  home. 

19 


A  great  deal  of  life's  responsibility  and  a  heavy  burden  falls  upon  the 
worker  bee  and  she  is  literally  worked  to  death.  Six  weeks  is  her  aver- 
age life  in  the  busy  season.  If,  however,  she  emerges  from  her  cell  in 
the  fall,  she  lives  over  the  winter  and  until  the  labors  of  spring  kill  her. 
The  worker  bee  is  an  undeveloped  female,  stunted  in  her  growth  and 
physical  development  by  the  kind  of  food  fed  her  by  the  worker  bees. 

The  worker  cannot  mate,  but  under  certain  conditions  lays  eggs. 
The  sting  which  nature  has  given  her  is  her  weapon  of  defense.  In 
using  it  she  loses  her  life,  but  she  never  hesitates  if  there  is  need. 

The  queen  looks  very  different  from  drones  or  worker  bees:  she 
has  a  long  abdomen,  is  slightly  lighter  in  color,  and  in  the  Italian 
stock  she  does  not  have  the  distinct  bands  the  workers  have.  The 
queen  starts  life  as  a  tiny  egg  in  the  bottom  of  a  wax  cell,  such  as 
honey  is  stored  in,  but  very  much  enlarged  by  tearing  down  the  cells 
adjacent  to  it.  This  egg  is  surrounded  by  chyle,  a  predigested  food 
put  there  for  the  young  larva,  which  is  due  to  hatch  in  three  days. 
This,  the  larva  eats  ravenously  and  grows  proportionately,  being 
thus  fed  for  five  and  one-half  days.  The  queen  cell,  too,  has  been  built 
longer  until  it  looks  somewhat  like  a  pearmt  on  the  comb.  The  work- 
ers now  seal  the  larva  in  and  it  spins  a  cocoon  and  remains  as  a  pupa 
for  seven  and  one-half  days.  Thus  sixteen  days  after  the  egg  is  laid, 
the  full  grown  queen  bee  emerges  from  the  cell.  She  eats  a  little  and 
runs  about  in  search  of  any  rival,  for  if  two  queens  meet  there  is  a 
deadly  battle.  Bees  raise  queens  when  they  intend  to  swarm,  and  in 
that  case  the  old  queen  and  the  swarm  go  off  just  before  the  young 
queen  emerges  from  her  cell.  They  raise  queens  when  the  old  one  dies, 
or  an  accident  happens  to  her.  If  the  bee-keeper  wants  more  queens, 
all  he  has  to  do  is  to  remove  the  queen,  and  the  bees  start  to  raise  others 
to  replace  her.  If  honey  is  coming  in,  a  great  many  queen  cells  will  be 
started,  an^'where  from  ten  to  twenty,  but  fewer  if  the  weather  is  not 
auspicious  and  honey  scarce.  Of  these  numerous  queens  only  one  lives 
on  in  the  hive,  the  others  are  killed  by  the  first  queen  to  hatch  and  the 
bees  themselves  tear  down  the  incomplete  cells.  They  will  raise  queens 
to  supersede  a  failing  queen.  A  failing  queen  can  lay  only  drone  eggs, 
and  of  course  a  hive  of  drones  could  not  exist.  In  this  case  there  are 
sometimes  found  two  queens  in  a  hive,  mother  and  daughter,  for  the 
sense  of  rivalry  does  not  seem  to  exist  where  one  queen  is  failing. 

When  the  young  queen  is  about  four  or  five  days  old  she  usually 
takes  her  wedding  trip.  Before  this  she  flies  a  little  each  day  before 
the  hive  to  get  her  bearings,  for  she  must  return  to  the  hive  she 
belongs  to.  She  meets  the  drone  in  the  air  and  he  dies  after  mating, 
as  his  organs  are  attached  to  the  queen.  Shortly  after  this  the  queen 
starts  to  lay.   She  is  fed  chyle  by  the  workers,  and  this  concentrated 

20 


food  causes  her  to  produce  large  quantities  of  eggs,  over  3,000  a  day 
when  honey  is  coming  in.  When  there  is  a  scarcity  of  honey,  fewer 
eggs  are  laid.  Drone  eggs  are  not  fertilized;  they  are  laid  in  larger  cells 
than  the  worker  eggs.  This  ability  of  reproduction  without  fertiliza- 
tion is  called  parthenogenesis. 

The  development  of  the  drone  is  a  longer  process :  the  drone  egg  is  laid 
in  a  large  cell  and  remains  an  egg  for  three  days;  the  larva  is  fed  for  six 
and  one-half  days,  then  the  cell  is  sealed  and  remains  this  wa}^  for  four- 
teen and  one-half  days.  Then  the  drone  emerges  to  Uve  his  carefree  life. 

The  worker  bee  develops  in  a  small  cell,  in  fact  just  the  size  of  the 
cells  the  honey  is  stored  in.  She  is  an  egg  for  tliree  days,  a  larva  for 
six  and  a  pupa  for  twelve,  making  in  all  twenty-one  days  from  egg 
to  bee.  She  is  only  fed  chyle  at  first,  then  bee  bread,  a  coarser  honey 
food,  and  pollen.  This  method  of  feeding  stunts  her  physical  develop- 
ment, and  causes  undeveloped  reproductive  organs. 

For  a  few  days  after  emerging,  the  worker  bee  walks  about  and 
eats  honey,  then  she  starts  feeding  the  young  larva,  making  wax  and 
cleaning  house.  In  other  words,  she  does  housework  for  about  two 
weeks,  flying  in  front  of  the  hive  entrance  a  little  while  each  day,  to  get 
her  bearings,  and  at  the  end  of  two  weeks  she  becomes  a  field  worker. 

A  bee  in  her  lifetime  produces  about  a  teaspoonful  of  honey.  This 
gives  a  slight  idea  of  the  thousands  of  these  little  insects  who  have  labored 
and  died  before  a  colony  has  stored  100  pounds  of  honey  for  its  owner. 

Swarms  are  caused  by  honey  coming  in  very  fast,  and  filling  up 
the  hive.  When  honey  comes  in  this  way,  the  egg  laying  of  the  queen 
is  increased  greatly,  so  that  very  soon  there  is  no  more  room  in  the 
hive.  Then  queen  cells  are  started  and  a  swarm  is  sure  to  follow. 

Many  and  curious  customs  are  connected  with  the  care  and  man- 
agement of  bees;  among  these  is  the  saying  that  any  news  in  the 
family  must  be  told  to  the  bees;  also  that  they  will  not  prosper  with  a 
quarrelsome  family.  In  Brittany,  P  ranee,  the  hives  are  decorated  with 
scarlet  for  a  wedding  and  with  black  when  there  is  a  death  in  the 
family.  These  customs  are  most  charmingly  told  in  the  '"Bee  Boy's 
Song,"  by  Kipling,  one  verse  of  wliich  I  quote: 

"Alarriage,  birth  or  burryin^ 
News  across  the  sea. 
All  you're  sad  or  merry  in, 
You  must  tell  the  bees. 
Tell  'em  coming  in  and  out 
Where  the  famiers  fan, 
'Cause  the  bees  are  just  about 
As  curious  as  a  man." 
21 


The  Professional  Gardener 

Martin  C.  Ebel,  Secretary,  National  Association  of  Gardeners 

The  professional  gardener,  I  fear,  is  a  very  much  misjudged  individ- 
ual. Only  as  recently  as  last  fall  Dr.  Sidney  S.  Wilson,  vice-president 
of  the  Associated  Advertising  Clubs  of  the  World,  in  addressing  a 
convention  of  professional  gardeners,  confessed  that  up  to  the  time 
he  had  been  invited  to  address  the  meeting  he  was  totally  ignorant  of 
the  fact  that  such  a  thing  existed  as  a  gardening  profession;  that  his 
definition  of  a  gardener,  until  he  was  enhghtened,  was,  "One  who 
labored  in  a  garden."  He  said  that  he  believed  that  his  definition  was 
one  universally  accepted  by  the  public  and  that  it  rested  with  the 
gardener  to  make  his  profession  more  widely  known. 

The  gardener  who  has  acquired  his  knowledge  of  the  different 
branches  of  gardening  through  lifelong  practice  and  study  is  assuredly 
entitled  to  greater  consideration  than  the  garden  laborer,  though  he 
does  not  always  receive  it.  Instances  are  not  uncommon  where  the 
gardener  does  not  receive  as  much  compensation  at  the  present  time 
for  his  services  as  does  the  laborer  whom  he  employs  to  work  under 
his  direction.  That  "the  laborer  is  worthy  of  his  hire"  is  a  present- 
day  truism  as  far  as  it  concerns  the  ordinary  laborer,  but  it  is  not  so 
with  the  average  professional  gardener. 

While  a  liberal  salary  is  something  always  much  desired  by  one 
who  works  for  another,  receiving  adequate  remuneration  alone  for 
his  services  does  not  content  the  gardener  who  engages  in  his  voca- 
tion, not  merely  for  what  he  can  get  out  of  it,  but  because  he  loves  it. 
An  occasional  expression  of  appreciation  for  the  efforts  he  puts  forth 
and  the  recognition  that  he  is  more  than  a  menial  means  much  to  the 
man  who  has  made  gardening  his  life  work.  It  fills  him  mth  inspira- 
tion and  encourages  him  to  produce  better  than  before. 

The  most  serious  draw-back  to  the  proper  up-keep  of  a  country 
estate  is  usually  the  lack  of  interest  which  the  owner  manifests  in  the 
undertakings  of  his  gardener,  and  the  lack  of  confidence  which  he 
bestows  on  him,  while  continually  criticizing  where  credit  is  due. 
Na.turally  this  must  be  disconcerting  to  the  conscientious  worker  and 
hinders  him  from  giving  the  best  that  is  in  him.  It  results  in  depriving 
the  employer  of  much  of  the  pleasure  he  should  derive  from  his 
gardens,  and  in  making  the  gardener  discontented  with  the  position 
he  occupies.  A  professional  gardener  is  more  than  a  servant  though 
unfortunately  he  is  so  regarded  by  many  employers. 

WTienever  an  estate  owner  finds  that  his  gardener  does  not  meet 
the  requirements  the  position  he  fills  demand  of  him,  it  would  be  far 

22 


better  for  all  concerned  if  instead  of  tolerating  the  gardener's  in- 
efficiency, he  were  replaced  with  one  possessing  the  necessary  abihty, 
for  the  disposed-of  gardener,  if  he  has  the  qualifications  to  entitle 
him  to  the  calling  of  gardener,  will  find  his  right  place. 

That  the  gardener,  in  common  with  those  of  some  of  the  other  pro- 
fessions, has  not  found  the  dollar  the  cheapest  thing  to  acquire,  as  the 
workers  of  the  protected  industries  proclaim  it  is,  but  instead  is  feeling 
the  sting  of  the  high  cost  of  everything,  is  generally  true.  His  com- 
pensation is  practically  the  same  as  it  was  before  war  conditions  ad- 
vanced the  wage  of  labor  and  the  consequent  cost  of  living.  Yet  he 
finds  he  must  pay  the  same  price  for  his  baby's  shoes  as  the  eight 
dollar  a  day  mechanic  of  the  thirty-six  working  hour  week,  on  a  salary 
which  makes  it  a  problem  to  the  gardener  how  to  make  both  ends 
meet. 

^\^ile  it  is  justly  claimed  that  the  average  gardener  does  not  receive 
in  monetary  consideration  the  equivalent  per  month  that  the  laborer 
on  the  estate  receives,  ranging  from  $3.25  to  $5.00  a  day,  according  to 
the  locality,  for  eight  to  nine  hours  work,  it  is  also  conceded  that  the 
gardener  has  his  cottage  and  other  privileges  in  the  nature  of  products 
raised  on  the  place,  but  for  these  privileges  the  employer  usually 
acquires  the  gardener's  presence  on  the  place  for  practically  twenty- 
four  hours  a  day  for  thirty  days  of  the  month.  Possibty  the  gardener 
has  himself  to  blame  for  being  over-looked  in  the  readjustment  of 
affairs  that  has  brought  about  an  increase  in  the  cost  of  practically 
everything.  He  is,  as  a  rule,  inclined  to  hesitancy,  whereas  if  he  were 
to  approach  his  employer  in  a  business-like  manner  on  matters  con- 
cerning himself,  he  could  expect  treatment  in  accordance. 

I  have  refrained  from  referring  to  the  gardener-superintendent  in 
charge  of  the  management  of  extensive  countr}''  estates.  As  he  must 
possess  so  much  knowledge  outside  of  the  various  phases  of  horti- 
culture, such  as  agriculture,  construction,  and  often  engineering, 
besides  executive  ability,  he  should  also  possess  the  initiative  to 
negotiate  with  his  employer  for  remuneration  according  to  the  value 
of  the  service  he  is  called  upon  to  render,  without  the  necessity  of 
another  pleading  his  cause. 

Some  of  the  highly  esteemed  professions  have  not  always  borne 
the  high  standard  they  bear  today,  and  they  still  possess  their  short- 
comings. The  profession  of  gardening  is  striving  to  elevate  its  standard 
and  those  who  have  followed  its  progress  during  recent  years,  must 
agree  that  it  has  met  with  some  measure  of  success. 

The  future  of  the  profession  now  confronts  a  situation,  however, 
that  concerns  the  owner  of  the  country  estate,  as  much  as  it  does  the 
professional  gardener.   This  is  the  matter  of  providing  the  material 

23 


to  replace  those  to-day  engaged  in  the  profession.  Europe  has  in  the 
past  supplied  the  young  gardeners  who  in  time  grew  up  to  assume  the 
head  gardeners'  positions.  There  is  probably  no  other  vocation  where 
the  response  to  the  call  to  arms  was  in  proportion  to  that  of  the 
young  men  engaged  in  the  gardening  profession  both  here  and  abroad. 
A  large  number  now  rest  "In  Flanders'  fields  where  poppies  grow." 
Europe  can  not  suppty  young  gardeners  to  us  as  in  the  past,  and  so  it 
remains  with  us  in  this  country  to  attempt  to  arouse  the  interest  of  our 
young  men  in  the  work.  There  are  many  young  men,  both  of  Ameri- 
can and  of  foreign  birth,  who,  on  being  graduated  from  school,  do  not 
want  to  enter  the  office  or  shop  but  would  welcome  a  call  to  the 
great  out-doors.  Others,  desiring  to  take  up  a  profession,  find  that 
they  cannot  do  so  owing  to  their  lack  of  resources,  but  gardening 
presents  an  opportunity  to  engage  in  a  profession  and  "earn  while  you 
learn." 

To  arouse  the  interest  of  these  young  men  a  carefully  planned 
campaign  is  essential;  first,  to  inform  the  educational  sources  of  the 
country  concerning  the  opportunity  that  professional  gardening  offers 
young  men  whose  leaning  is  towards  the  art;  second,  to  provide  places 
on  country  estates  where  young  men  who  desire  to  take  up  the  work 
would  be  acceptable.  Many  estates  have  the  facilities,  or  could  readily 
install  them,  to  house  and  board  the  young  men.  It  has  been  sug- 
gested that  community  houses  providing  rooms,  board,  and  study 
quarters,  might  be  established  where  young  gardeners  who  could  not 
be  cared  for  on  the  places,  could  be  accommodated. 

There  are  advantages  in  employing  these  young  men;  first,  from 
the  point  of  view  of  economy,  for  the  salary  at  which  such  young  men 
couM  be  secured  as  apprentices,  including  their  board,  would  be  less 
than  is  paid  to  the  laborer;  second,  a  group  of  clean-cut  young  chaps 
with  a  good  school  training  behind  them  and  interested  in  their 
chosen  vocation,  would  present  a  more  pleasing  adjunct  to  the  sur- 
roundings than  a  gang  of  ignorant  foreign  laborers  working  in  the 
garden,  and  they  certainly  should  produce  more  satisfactory  results. 
It  remains  with  some  one  to  start  the  movement  to  interest  our  young 
men  in  gardening  as  a  profession.  Who  shall  it  be? 

Wliat  is  most  necessary  today  to  develop  better  and  finer  American 
gardens  is  a  greater  spirit  of  co-operation  between  garden  owners 
and  those  men  who  are  earnestly  endeavoring  to  place  their  profession 
where  it  properly  belongs  as  the  oldest  of  all  professions,  in  the  front 
ranks  of  the  sciences  and  arts.  The  question  that  is  still  unsolved  is 
what  would  be  the  most  desirable  agency  to  bring  about  such  co- 
operation. Possibly  some  member  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
can  answer  this  question. 

24 


Pruning  Points  for  Poor  Pruners 
.\nxe  T.  Stewaet,  Short  Hills  Garden  Cluh 

Why  do  not  amateurs  prune  their  own  shrubs?  The  answer  comes 
promptly,  we're  afraid.  Don't  fear,  if  you  make  a  mistake,  Nature 
will  rectify  it  in  no  time.  Much  pleasure  may  be  obtained  at  the 
expense  of  little  work;  you  care  for  your  shrubs  twice  a  year  and  there 
is  your  garden.   Prune  in  February;  prune  in  June. 

In  February  cut  out.  When  a  shrub  is  leafless  you  can  see  its 
skeleton.  Cut  out  all  dead  wood  at  the  ground ;  cut  out  all  old  wood 
at  the  ground,  or  where  there  is  an  especially  vigorous  shoot  a  short 
way  up,  cut  the  old  wood  just  above  that  shoot.  Cut  out  lateral 
branches  where  they  cross  toward  the  center.   Cut  off  nothing. 

In  June  cut  off.  The  shrubs  that  flowered  on  last  year's  wood  are 
crying  for  help;  as  much  \dtality  is  needed  to  produce  a  seed  as  a  flower; 
you  don't  need  the  seeds,  why  exhaust  your  shrubs?  Just  below  the 
bloom  on  each  branch  new  shoots  appear;  cut  off  the  spray  that  has 
bloomed  just  above  one  or  the  other  of  these  shoots,  as  you  want  your 
shrub  tall  or  short,  leaving  preferably  the  one  pointing  out.  The 
shrubs  will  look  scraggly  for  a  few  weeks,  but  after  that  they  wdll 
smile  their  gratitude. 

A  hedge  of  lilac,  the  old  but  satisfying  Syringa  Vulgaris,  was  the 

despair  of  its  owner,  all  legs  below,  all  bloom  out  of  reach.   In  June 

the  hedge  was  cut  literally  in  two,  legs  remaining.  Nature  flew  to  the 

rescue,  stout  shoots  appearing  ever^'where.    The  next  Spring  no 

•bloom;  the  succeeding  Spring — fear  not. 

Contest 

The  plan  of  a  typical  house  lot  in  our  rural  districts  has  been 
submitted  by  the  Farm  Journal,  Washington  Square,  Philadelphia. 

This  magazine  receives  constant  requests  for  planting  plans  and 
suggestions  for  just  such  places  and  has  asked  that  the  Garden  Cltjb 
to  help  it  to  help  its  readers.  To  quote  from  the  letter  of  Mr.  Charles  P. 
Shoffner,  Associate  Editor,  "We  know  w^hat  this  Club  can  do  if  the 
subject  can  be  properly  presented  before  the  people.  You  will  have 
the  consolation  of  knowing  that  at  least  three  million  of  Our  Folks 
will  see  the  plans  for  a  front  garden.  I  am  taking  the  average  frontage, 
which  seems  to  be  about  90  feet,  and  the  majority  of  houses  in  rural 
districts,  and  in  our  country  homes  are  set  back  50  feet.  Very  few 
houses  have  enough  of  the  evergreens  and  we  would  like  some  of  these 
mentioned,  together  with  the  native  shrubs,  etc." 


u  ^ 


^  O/^TT 


DEPTH  OF  LOT  150  JO  200 


The  rules  of  the  contest  are  as  follows: 

Only  easily  obtained  trees,  shrubs  and  herbaceous  plants  may  be 
used,  and  in  all  cases  approximate  cost  of  plant  material  must  be 
given.  These  will  vary  somewhat  in  different  localities,  but  as  ex- 
pensive and  rare  material  is  not  desired  the  variation  will  be  slight. 

A  wall,  hedge  or  fence  may  be  used  but  economy  must  be  con- 
sidered and  it  would  be  better  to  make  the  plan  adaptable  to  an}- 
form    of   enclosure   that    may  already    exist.    The    plans   will    un- 

26 


doubtedly  be  used  for  old  yards  as  well  as  in  connection  with 
newly  constructed  houses. 

Plans  will  be  judged  from  the  point  of  view  of  suitability,  sim- 
plicity, economy  and  ease  of  up-keep. 

Solutions  must  reach  the  Bulletin  on  or  before  February  20th,  1920. 
Only  the  winning  plan  will  be  illustrated  in  the  Bulletin  but  the 
Farm  Journal  may  wish  to  print  several  solutions.  Contestants  are 
urged  to  remember  that  their  plans  are  designed  to  meet  a  practical 
need.  The  right  plans  will  be  of  great  value  to  a  large  and  interested 
public. 

The  November  Contest 

The  November  Bulletin  should  have  been  issued  on  November 
I  St  but  owing  to  strike  conditions  was  in  the  hands  of  the  printer  for 
seven  weeks.  This  left  only  ten  days  for  a  solution  of  the  garden 
problem  submitted  by  Miss  Nichols.  Plans  may  therefore  be  sent  in 
at  any  time  up  to  February'  15th,  1920. 


Book  Reviews 

Reviewing  Committee 

Mrs.  William  K.  Walbridge,  Cbairman.  Mrs.  T.  H.  B.  McKnight 

Miss  Jessie  Frothingham  Mrs.  Henry  A.  Prince 

Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Stout 

(All  books  marked  (*),  whether  new  or  old,  are  among  those  con- 
sidered suitable  for  a  permanent  Ubrar^^) 

The  Book  of  the  Home  Garden,  by  Edith  Loring  Fuller  ton,  D. 
Appleton  &  Co.,  1919.    Price,  $2.50. 

There  is  probably  no  one  better  fitted  than  Mrs.  Fullerton  to 
write  such  a  book  as  this.  A  woman,  the  larger  part  of  whose  life  has 
been  devoted  to  the  study  of  gardening,  a  mother  who  understands 
the  hearts  of  little  children — it  is  no  wonder  that  her  chapters  appeal 
not  only  to  the  little  readers  for  whom  they  are  intended,  but  to  big 
ones  too. 

It  is  a  book  unique,  because  the  deepest  fundamental  knowledge  is 
given  in  words  so  simple  that  any  child  can  grasp  it;  and  many  grown- 
ups who  have  groped  among  technical  expressions  may  suddenly  see 
daylight.  A  primer,  perhaps,  a  book  to  study  carefully,  and  one  so 
well  edited  that  it  may  be  taken  from  the  shelf  at  any  time  to  be  used 
for  reference. 

Dahlias,  by  George  Gkjrdon,  President  National  Dahlia  Society  of 
Great  Britain.   Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co.,  1919.  Price,  $0.50. 

27 


This  is  probably  the  only  book  of  its  kind  on  the  subject.  Much  has 
been  -written  of  Dahlias,  and  many  are  the  opinions  thereon;  but  this 
is  the  first  time  which  the  most  marvelous  of  all  flowers  has  had  a 
whole  book  devoted  to  it  alone. 

Covering  a  period  of  some  three  hundred  years,  a  few  pages  gives 
the  history  of  the  Dahlia.  It  then  describes  the  evolution  through 
hybridization  from  the  modest  single  flowers  of  the  Mexican  plateaux 
to  the  gorgeous  blooms  of  the  present  day. 

The  classifications  of  the  National  Dahlia  Society  differ  shghtly 
from  that  of  the  American  Dahha  Society.  Our  Cactus  class  is  already 
divided  in  two  parts — Cactus  and  Hybrid  Cactus — and  there  is  some 
talk  of  dividing  the  Decorative  class  in  a  similar  manner.  The 
National  Dahha  Society,  however,  ignores  this  subdivision. 

Many  of  the  varieties  hsted  are  strangers  to  us,  and  some  I  know 
do  not  do  as  well  here  as  in  the  cool,  damp  climate  of  Great  Britain.  I 
remember  the  remark  of  a  visitor  to  one  of  our  shows  some  years  ago 
Avhen  he  beheld  that  most  popular  Enghsh  Cactus  Dahlia,' Glory  of 
Wilts,  ''Well,  that  Dahlia  was  well  named!" 

While  cultural  directions  given  can  be  followed  in  a  general  way, 
climatic  differences  between  Great  Britain  and  America  should 
always  be  taken  into  consideration.  As  a  handbook  it  is  nevertheless 
most  valuable,  and  ever\^  Dahlia  grower  should  have  a  copy  in  his 
library.  Henrietta  M.  Stout. 

*Colour  in  the  Flower  Garden,  by  Gertrude  Jekyll.    Country  Life 
Library. 

On  one  of  the  wise  pages  of  this  book.  Miss  Jekyll  observes  that 
"All  gardening  involves  constant  change."  Well  for  us  that  the  same 
is  not  true  of  all  gardening  books;  for  here  is  one  to  live  as  it  is  for 
decades  to  come.  It  is  difficult  to  speak  in  moderate  terms  of  a  work 
like  this.  It  represents  the  highest  achievement  in  the  gardening  art. 
It  leads  the  entranced  reader  to  believe  that  he  or  she  can  also  create 
pictures  in  flowers.  I  beheve  I  am  right  in  thinking  that  this  volume  of 
Miss  Jekyll's  was  the  first  to  lay  before  an  EngHsh-speaking  pubhc 
the  matter  of  colour-arrangement  in  the  garden  at  such  length  and  with 
such  fulness  of  detail;  certainly  it  has  become  a  vade  mectim-  for  all  who 
would  create  pictures  in  growing  flowers.  The  measured  tone  of  the 
book,  the  clear  fine  style,  the  absence  of  the  unessential  word,  especial- 
ly of  the  adjective,  all  this  adds  to  its  soundness  as  a  guide.  It  seems 
to  me  a  sort  of  double  triumph  in  garden  books  because  of  this  re- 
straint of  manner.  I  myself  approach  the  subject  of  flowers,  whether 
planning,  planting,  gathering  or  writing,  in  a  sort  of  happy  tumult;  and 
I  marvel  at  the  atmosphere  of  balance  in  Miss  Jekyll's  writing.   It  is 

28 


due  of  course  to  a  long  life  of  study  and  practice,  to  that  quiet  born 
of  knowledge.  Yet  enthusiasm  pervades  each  page.  Speaking  of  the 
quality  of  hght  as  it  affects  flower-groups  on  certain  days  we  read: 
"When  these  days  come  I  know  them  and  am  filled  with  gladness." 
Again;  "I  am  truly  glad  to  have  that  space  (ten  acres)  to  treat  with 
reverent  thankfulness  and  watchful  care."  On  the  second  page  of 
Colour  in  the  Flower  Garden,  in  that  paragraph  beginning  "  Coming 
down  towards  the  garden"  is  as  lovely  an  example  of  Miss  Jekyll's 
delight  in  beauty  as  is  to  be  found  in  any  of  her  books.  And  following 
this,  we  find  in  one  sentence  what  one  might  call  her  creed, — "To 
devise  these  living  pictures  with  simple  well-known  flowers,  seems  to 
me  the  best  thing  to  do  in  gardening." 

The  photographs  of  the  book  are  delightful,  the  plans  for  borders 
and  for  gardens  as  valuable  as  such  things  can  be.  Witness  that  for 
the  Lupine  and  Iris  border,  another  for  Michaelmas  Daisies,  for  a 
border  of  Spring  bulbs — these  are  guides  to  the  utmost  loveliness  for 
ourselves. 

Miss  Margaret  Waterfield's  Garden  Colour  (E.  P.  Button  &  Com- 
pany) published  some  three  years  before  Miss  Jekyll's  volume  on  the 
same  subject  is  a  useful  and  charming  book  by  five  writers  for  those 
interested  in  such  matters;  and  Mrs.  S.  A.  Brown's  Gar  dens  to  Color  and 
Individual  Gardens  (Knickerbocker  Press),  though  a  less  ambitious 
book,  is  a  capital  small  guide  by  an  American,  with  excellent  con- 
densed lists  of  flowers  and  plants. 

To  Miss  Jekyll,  however,  every  amateur  in  this  country  and  in 
Britain  bows  the  knee ;  and  I  doubt  if  she  will  ever  realize  the  untold 
number  of  those  whose  feet  she  has  set  upon  the  path  of  beauty  in 
gardening,  or  the  simple  fact  that  all  who  read  her,  become  her  fol- 
lowers and  her  friends  as  well.  Louisa  Y.  King, 

*The  Well  Considered  Garden,  by  Mrs.  Francis  King.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  Price,  $2.50. 

Quaint  old  books  of  garden  designers  show  us  that  much  more  was 
contained  in  a  garden  two  centuries  ago,  than  now,  it  had  many  more 
adjuncts  and  furnishings,  but  it  is  not  told  us  that  there  was  the 
harmony  of  shade  and  color  that  Mrs.  Francis  King  describes  so 
beautifully  for  us  in  her,  "Well  Considered  Garden.''^ 

Verbal  magic  is  indeed  Mrs.  King's,  when  she  tells  us  of  the  lovely 
combinations  wh^ch  she  has  planned,  beginning  with  the  earliest 
spring  flowers,  and  carrying  the  pictures  through  the  season's  months 
of  bloom. 

The  writer  is  indebted  to  Mrs.  King,  for  much  inspiration,  and  a 
number  of  lovely  color  effects,  effects  which  however,  never  exactly 

29 


repeat  themselves,  as  each  season  some  varieties  in  every  combina- 
tion of  plants,  seem  to  be  more  vigorous  than  the  rest,  thus  lending  the 
emphasis  of  theix  stronger  color  to  the  picture. 

Mrs.  King  does  not  discourage  those  of  us  who  have  small  gardens, 
by  telling  of  unattainable  expanses  of  bloom,  but  shows  us  how  a  tiny 
space  may  be  made  delightful,  by  the  use  of  plants  which  give  proper 
color  values,  and  herein  lies  one  of  the  books  greatest  assets. 

The  word  garden  is  a  never  ceasing  delight  to  us  all,  a  delight 
possibly  transmitted  to  us  from  our  grandmother  Eve,  and  Mrs.  King 
gives  us  food  for  dreams,  when  our  gardens  are  taking  their  long 
sleep,  and  enables  us  to  carry  about  our  daily  tasks,  a  subconscious- 
ness of  something  pleasant. 

Margaret  L.  Gage,  Litchfield  Garden  Club. 

Color  in  My  Garden,  by  Louise  Beebe  Wilder.  Illustrated  in  color 
by  Anna  Winegar.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  Price,  $10.00. 

Among  recent  garden  books  none  is  more  beautifully  produced  than 
this.  The  plantings  illustrated  by  lovely  color  plates  are  described  on 
the  opposite  page  making  their  study  easy. 

Mrs.  Wilder  is  an  adept  in  getting  a  succession  of  bloom.  How  she 
achieves  her  success  is  clearly  described.  G.  S.  W. 

'^'The  Garden  Month  by  Month,  by  Mabel  Cabot  Sedgewick.  Pub- 
lished by  Frederick  A.  Stokes.   Price,  $4.50. 

This  book  is  probably  known  to  most  members  of  the  Garden  Club 
OP  America,  but  no  list  of  helpful  gardening  books  would  be  complete 
which  did  not  contain  it.  It-  is  an  indispensable  book- 

The  "Months"  are  from  March  to  September  inclusive,  and  all 
the  desirable  hardy  herbaceous  perennials  blooming  within  those 
months  are  described  as  to  appearance,  color,  dates  of  bloom,  height, 
and  proper  cultivation.  There  are  over  two  hundred  half  tone  en- 
gravings from  photographs;  also  an  excellent  color  chart. 

Now  is  the  time  to  plan  the  summer's  garden.  The  books  on  color 
planting  mentioned  in  the  previous  reviews  cover  this  field  very  fully. 
The  '' Garden  Month  by  Month"  will  be  found  invaluable  for  refer- 
ence in  planning  future  plantings.  G.  S.  W. 

The  following  list  of  English  periodicals  was  supplied  by  Brentano's, 
New  York,  and  can  be  subscribed  for  through  them  at  the  prices 
given,  including  postage: 

Amateur  Gardening,  weekly $4.00 

The  Garden,  weekly 4 .  00 

Garden  Life,  weekly 4 .  00 

30 


Gardener,  weekly 4 .  oo 

Gardener^ s  Chronicle,  week-y 7  .  oo 

Gardening  Illustrat-ed,  weekly 4.00 

Horticultural  Trade  Jourjial.  nionthh- 2 .  50 

Irish  Gardening,  monthly 3  •  00 

My  Garden  Illustrated,  monthly 3 .00 

Orchid  Reviru),  monthly 3  •  00 

American  Periodicals 

Country  Life,  Garden  City,  New  York. 

House  ayid  Garden,  Conde  Xast  &  Co.,  Inc.,  19  West  44th  Street,  X.  Y. 

Garden  Magazine,  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.,  Garden  City,  N.  Y. 

Gardeners  Chronicle,  2S6  Fifth  Avenue,  Xew  York,  X.  Y. 

The  Flowergrower,  Calcium,  Xew  York. 

The  Agronomist,  Edited  by  Mrs.  H.  B.  Fullerton,  Huntington,  X.  Y. 

Weekly  Neivs  Letter  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.     Write 

to  Government  Printing  Ofl&ce,  Bureau  of  Public  Documents, 

Washington,  D.  C,  enclosing  50c. 
Bulletin  of  Popular  Information  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  Jamaica 

Plain,  Mass. 

A  List  oe  Trade  Papers 

These  periodicals  do  not  accept  subscriptions  from  amateurs. 
They  contain,  however,  a  great  deal  of  useful  information  not  found 
elsewhere,  and  subscription  ma}-  be  placed  in  the  names  of  gardeners 
or  superintendents. 

Harticidture,  78  Devonshire  Street,  Boston,  ]Mass. 
The  Florists^  Exchange,  Box  100,  Times  Square  Station,  Xew  York,  X.Y. 
The  American  Florist,  440  South  Dearborn  Street.  Chicago,  HI. 
The  Canadian  Florist,  Peterboro.  Ontario. 

How  TO  Rux  A  Horticultural  Exhibit 

A  most  valuable,  practical  and  interesting  publication  has  been 
prepared  by  F.  L.  Mulford  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  and 
issued  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  as  Circidar  62,  on  Horti- 
cultural Exhibitions  and  Garden  Competitions. 

This  circular  outlines  a  course  of  procedure  from  the  first  steps  of 
organization  through  the  making  of  a  schedule,  the  staging  and 
judging  of  the  exhibits,  and  the  awarding  of  prizes  to  the  general 
application  of  the  results  to  the  good  of  the  community'. 


Of  course  any  club,  society  or  other  organization  that  has  ever  held 
a  competition  of  any  sort  has  learned  much  that  is  here  advised, 
through  more  or  less  difficult  experience.  Nevertheless  there  are 
undoubtedly  a  number  of  hints  that  can  prove  of  real  help  even  in  the 
case  of  bodies  that  have  been  at  it  for  years,  for  the  bulletin  is  the 
result  of  a  study  of  many  successes  and  endeavors. 

Of  special  value  for  reference  purposes  are  the  suggested  schedules 
for  various  kinds  of  shows  including  Spring  and  Fall  shows  (general), 
vegetable  and  fruit  shows,  Narcissus,  Iris,  Peony,  Rose,  Sweet  Pea, 
Gladiolus,  Dahlia  and  Hardy  Chrysanthemum  shows;  and  also  score 
cards  for  judging  practically  all  classes  that  might  be  shown  at  such 
events. 

Copies  of  the  circular  may  be  obtained  free,  as  long  as  the 
supply  holds  out,  by  writing  to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  at 
Washington,  D.  C. 

From  The  Florists^  Exchange. 


Departments 

J.4^.  4,  1920 
The  The  Primula  Denticulata,  both  in  lavender  and  white,  may  be  had 

Garden  at  the  Nurseries  of  the  Lowthorp  School,  Groton,  Mass.  This  variety 
Miscellany  is  generally  very  hard  to  get. 

Ceonothus  Gloire  de  Versailles  is  reported  as  an  exquisite  background 
for  September  borders.  It  can  be  had  at  Bobbink  &  Atkins,  Rutherford 
N.J. 

Viburnum  Carlesii  (very  sweet  scented)  is  reported  as  hardy  as 
far  north  as  Maine,  and  should  be  in  every  garden.  It  is  sometimes 
grafted  on  the  Common  Hobble  bush,  so  look  out  for  the  suckers  and 
cut  them  off  close  to  the  roots. 

Have  any  of  our  readers  used  the  common  Sea  Buckthorn  as  a 
background  for  mauve  flowers,  and  will  they  report  on  its  success? 
We  have  been  preparing  the  following  list  of  Nurserymen, 
Seedsmen  and  Specialists  from  the  personal  recommendation  of  our 
Club  members,  hoping  in  time  to  have  a  complete  list  of  the  best 
men  in  the  country.  Necessarily  the  list  is  still  incomplete  but  we 
expect  to  add  to  it  from  time  to  time.  The  Miscellany  would  be 
glad  to  have  any  new  names  of  firms  that  you  can  personally  rec- 
ommend; or  would  be  equally  interested  to  hear  complaints  of 
any  firms  on  the  hst. 

The  Bulb  lists  will  be  printed  later. 

Anna  G.  Hill 

32 


The  Garden  Club  of  America  List  of 
Nurseries  and  Seedsmen 

(Subject  To  Addition  axd  Re\'I5iox) 


Nurseries 


Amawalb  Nurseries  'Trees.) 

Amawalk,  Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Adams  Nursery  Co., 

Springfield,  Mass. 
Bay  State  Nurseries, 

Abbington,  Mass. 
Cottage  Gardens. 

Hollis,  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

Cedar  Hills  Nurserj'  0-i.i.  T.  A_.  Havermeyeri 

BrookviUe.  Long  Island,  N .  Y. 
(Glen  Head  P.O.) 
Elliott,  J.  Wilkinson. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Elm  Leigh  Farm  Nurseries  (Phlox), 

Putney,  Vermont- 
Farqiihar  &  Co.. 

Boston,  Mass. 

(Special  catalog  of  rarer  plants  on  request,  ■ 

GiUette,  Edward, 

Southwick,  Mass. 
Horsiord,  F.  K.. 

Charlotte,  Vermont. 
Klem's  Nursery, 

Naper\Tl!e,  Illinois. 
Little  Tree  Farms,  f.\merican  Forestry-  Co.  , 

15  Beacon  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Mayo,  J.  G.  &  Co., 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Naper\-iUe  Nurseries, 

Naper\ilie,  Ulinois. 
Peterson,  George  H., 

Fairlawn,  N.  J. 
Schling,  AfaT 

24  East  59th  St.,  New  York  Cir>". 
Totty,  Charles  H.  : Amaryllis', 

Madison,  N.  J. 


.\ndorra  Nurseries  'Trees  and  Shrubs 

Chestnut  Hii!,  Philadelphia,  Pi. 
Bar  Harbor  Nurseries. 

Bar  Harbor,  Maine. 
Bohlender.  Peter. 

Tippecanoe  City,  Ohio. 
Childs.  J.  Lewis, 

Floral  Park,  N.  Y. 
Dreer.  Henrv  A., 

Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Elizabeth  Nurseri^  (Xarge  Shrubs), 

Elizabeth,  N.  J. ' 

Farr,  Bertram  H.  Iris  and  Paeonies), 

Wyomissing.  Pa. 
Garden  Nurseries  .'Cherri^  and  Crabs 

Narbeth,  Pa. 
Hicks  &  Son  (Tree  mo\-ing  specialists 

Westbury,  L.  I. 
Hunt.  Chester  J.  ■:BuIb3), 

Little  Falls,  N.  J. 
Henderson,  Peter, 

Cortlandt  St.,  New  York  City. 
Kohankie,  Martin. 

Paines\-ille.  Ohio. 
Morris  Nurserj'  Co., 

Westchester,  Pa. 
Moon  &  Co., 

Morris\Tlle,  Pa. 

Pierson.  A.  N., 

Cromwell,  Conn. 
Palisade  Nurseries. 

Sparkjii.  N.  Y. 
Scheepers,  John, 

2  Stone  St.,  New  York  City. 
Twin  Larch«  Nurseries. 

Westchester,  Pa. 


Flower  Seeds 


Burpee,  W.  Atlee,  'Sweet  Peas'. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Burnett  Seeds, 

Philadeiphia,  Pa. 
Henderson,  Peter, 

Cortlandt  St.,  New  York  Citj-. 
MicheU,  Heni>-, 

51a  Market  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
\'auglian's  Seed  Store, 

SI  W.  Rf.ndo!ph  St.,  Chicago,  111. 


Boddington,  &  Co., 

i;S  Chambers  St.,  New  York  City. 
Dreer.  Hearv'  A.., 

Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Meehan.  Thosnas, 

Geraiantown,  Pa. 
Thorbum  &  Co., 

Barclay  St.,  New  York  City. 
Weeber  &  Donn. 

Chambers  St..  New  York  City. 


California  Seeds 


Purdy,  Call, 

L'kiah,  Cal. 
Shepherd,  Theodosia  B., 

Ventura,  Cal. 


Ra%Tie,  Theodore, 

'  345  S.  Main  St.,  Los  .-iiageles,  Ca! 


specialties 


Chrysanthemums 
Thomas,  Sadie  A., 

Stevenson  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 
Sunny  Brook  Farm  Garden, 

Eatontown,  N.  J. 

Peonies 

Babcock  Peony  Garden, 

R.  F.  D.,  79  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 
Brand  Nursery  Co., 

Faribault,  Minn. 
Lyman  H.  Hoysradt 

Pine  Plains,  N.  Y. 
Mohegan  Peony  Garden, 

Sinking  Spring,  Pa. 
Harris,  S.  G., 

Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 
Ruff,  D.  W.  C, 

Bald  Eagle  Lake,"Minnesota. 
Peterson,  George  H., 

Fairlawn,  N.  J. 

Pansy  Seed 

Steele's  Pansy  Seed, 
Portland,  Oregon. 

Rock  Gardens 

Logan  Nurseries, 

Logan  P.  O.,  Pa, 
Wolcott  Nurseries, 

Jackson,  Michigan 
Roses 

Conard  &  Jones, 

West  Grove,  Pa., 
Howard  &  Smith, 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Pierson,  A.  N., 

Cromwell,  Conn. 
Walsh,  M.  H., 

Wood's  Hole, 
Geraniums 

Vincent,  Richard, 

White  Marsh,  Marj'land. 


Northborough  Dahlia  Gardens, 

Northborough,  Mass. 
.    Broomall,  J.  J., 

Eagle  Rock,  Cal. 
West  Hampton  Dahlia  Farm, 

Westhampton,  L.  I.,  N.  Y., 
Iris 

Dean,  Mrs., 

Moneta,  Cal. 
Movilla  Gardens, 

Haverford,  Pa. 
Glen  Road  Iris  Gardens,  (Mrs.  Sturtevant 

Wellesley  Farms,  Mass. 
Jackson,  R.  T., 

Peterborough,  N.  H. 
Gladioli 

Decorah  Gladiolis^'Gardens, 

Decorah,  Iowa. 
A.  E.  Kundred. 

Goshen,  Ind. 
Tracy,  B.  H., 

Wenham,  Mass. 
Diener,  Richard^ 

Kenfield,  Miarion  Co.,  Cal. 
Wing  Seed  Co., 

Mechanicsburgh,  Ohio, 

Wild  Flowers 

Botanical  Nursery  Co., 

Lapeer,  Michigan. 
Coolidge  Rare  Plant  Nurseries, 

Pasadena,  Cal. 
Gillette,  Edward, 

Southwick,  Mass. 
Verbenas 

DiUon,  J.  L., 

Bloomsburgh,  Pa. 
Petunias 

Dienier,  Richard, 

Kentfield,  Marin  Co.,  Cal. 
Heubler,  Herman,  (Blue) 

Grotoa,  Mass. 


English  Seeds 


Barr  &  Sons, 

2  King  St.,  Covent  Garden,  London,  Eng. 

Carter's  Tested  Seeds  (American  Agency), 

I02  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
Boston,  Mass. 
Eckford,  Henry, 

Wem,  Shropshire,  England. 

Kelway  &  Sons, 

Langport,  Somerset,  England. 
Sutton  &  Sons, 

Reading,  England. 
(American  Agent:  H.  P.  Winter  &  Co.,  64  Wall 

Street,  New  York  City.) 
Thompson  &  Morgan,  (Seeds), 

5  Carr  St.,  Ipswich,  England. 


Blackmore  &  Langdon, 

(Delphinium), 

Bath,  England. 
Dobbie  &  Co., 

Edinborough,  England. 
Forbes,  John  (Phlox), 

Hawick,  Scotland. 
Perry's  Hardy  Plant  Farm, 

Enfield,  Middesex,  England. 
.Sydenham,  Robert  Ltd., 

Tenby  St.,  Birmingham,  England. 
Wallace,  R.  &  Co., 

Colchester,  England. 


French  Seeds 


Vilmorin,  Andrieux  &  Cie.,  (the  verj'  best), 
4  Quai  de  la  Megisserie, 
Paris,  France. 


34 


New  Years  Day!  And  with  the  fresh-turned  page  of  1920,  all  piant 
bright  with  promise,  came  that  most  promising  of  all  literature,  a  Material 
Seed  Catalogue!  Nothing  else  comes  to  me  by  mail  that  gives  me 
quite  the  thrill  I  get  from  the  first  catalogue.  I  devour  its  contents, 
gloat  over  its  monstrosities,  believe  its  wildest  statements  (yes,  Mr. 
Phillpotts,  even  to  the  length  of  cucumbers),  take  it  to  bed  with  me 
at  night,  and  dream  that  I  possess  each  pictured  beauty.  For  me, 
the  spring  has  come! 

Alas,  this  year  my  ardour  cooled  at  the  first  page, — the  High 
Cost  of  Living  has  lifted  many  of  my  favorites  to  dizzy  heights.  The 
better  seeds  have  soared,  but  that  can  be  endured,  for  most  of  us 
plant  many  more  seed  than  we  need  to  plant — but  Gladioli,  think  of 
it,  100%  increase  in  the  price  of  the  one  I  love  the  best,  and  almost 
as  great  a  rise  in  the  price  of  my  other  favorites.  The  Galtonia, 
usually  called  Hyacinthus  candicans  in  our  catalogues,  is  offered  in 
this  catalogue  for  just  five  times  as  much  as  I  paid  for  it  last  year. 

Galtonia  is  one  of  the  loveliest  plants  we  can  grow  for  mid  and 
late-summer  blooming.  It  occupies  little  root  space,  and  its  long 
amaryllis-like  leaves  are  a  beautiful  green  all  summer.  In  late  July 
the  straight,  tall,  graceful  spike  of  blossoms,  more  lilce  Snowdrops 
than  Hyacinth  flowers,  is  one  of  the  most  admired  inhabitants  of  the 
garden.  My  soil  is  hea\y  clay,  and  we  seldom  have  snow  all  winter,  so 
I  have  given  up  trying  to  call  it  a  hardy  perennial,  and  treat  it  like  a 
Gladiolus,  except  that  I  plant  all  the  bulbs  as  early  in  the  spring  as 
possible,  instead  of  planting  for  succession.  I  like  it  better  in  groups 
than  singly,  and  I  take  the  same  precaution  to  have  the  same  propor- 
tion of  large,  medium  and  small  size  bulbs  in  each  group  that  I  do  in 
planting  Gladioli.  Then  I  am  reasonably  sure  that  the  groups  will 
have  about  the  same  flower  value  at  the  same  time.  I  take  them  up, 
as  I  do  Gladioli,  after  the  first  heavy  frost,  and  store  them  in  baskets, 
in  a  frost-proof  cellar.  I  have  never  saved  the  off-shoots,  but  with 
the  tremendous  increase  in  cost  of  the  large  bulbs,  I  shall  certainly  try 
to  do  so  in  the  future 

Some  of  the  seedsmen,  among  them  Vaughan  in  Chicago,  and 
Farquhar  in  Boston,  list  seed  of  Annual  Holly-hock.  According  to 
Bailey,  the  Holly-hock  is  biennial  or  perennial,  depending  on  the 
climate  and  soil  in  which  it  is  grown,  but  if  sown  early  enough,  will 
bloom  the  first  year  from  seed.  A  large  proportion  of  the  Holly-hocks 
I  have  grown  as  annuals  have  lived  and  bloomed  a  second  season,  so 
no  doubt  Bailey  is  right.  I  am  very  fond  of  Holly-hocks,  and  depend 
on  them  for  certain  effects  in  the  garden.  For  years  I  struggled  with 
each  and  every  remedy  for  the  ruinous  rust,  but  all  to  no  avail,  until 
I  discovered  the  annual  Holly-hock  advertised  in  a  seed  catalogue. 

35 


1  tried  it,  and  found  it  immune  from  rust.  I  have  grown  it  now  for 
years,  and  I  am  beginning  to  save  the  seed  so  that  I  may  grow  the 
separate  colors.  It  is  not  as  tall  as  the  usual  perennial  variety,  but  is 
quite  tall  enough  for  any  garden  use;  the  blooms  single  and  gracefully 
set  on  the  long  stalk,  and  of  lovely  colors,  with  black-maroon,  lemon, 
and  amber  (the  color  of  Amber  Queen  Snapdragon)  predominating. 
The  pink  is  a  good  shade,  and  the  red,  a  good  glowing  red  without  a 
trace  of  scarlet.  As  I  do  not  like  the  fat,  crepe-papery  double  Holly- 
hocks, the  ones  I  grow  as  annuals  satisfy  me  completely.  Sow  the 
seed  the  first  of  April  in  the  cold-frame,  give  them  more  room  in  which 
to  develop,  otherwise  treat  as  you  would  Zinnias  or  Asters. 

This  spring  I  shall  buy  seed  of  Holly-hocks  in  separate  colors, 
plant  it  as  the  annual  seed,  and  watch  it  with  great  interest  to  see  if 
it  will  bloom  the  first  season,  and  if  it  will  prove  free  from  rust  as  does 
the  annual.  If  the  two  big  "  ifs  "  materialize,  what  a  neat  little  theory 
we  can  work  out,  of  age  and  immunity,  and  so  forth ! 

Speaking  of  rust,  I  have  had  a  certain  measure  of  success  with  the 
two  following  remedies  for  the  rust  on  Snapdragon.  First,  I  wash  the 
seed,  just  before  sowing,  with  a  one  half  of  one  per  cent  solution  of 
formaldehyde,  then  I  water  the  plants  with  one  teaspoonful  of  house- 
hold ammonia  to  one  gallon  of  water  a  dozen  times  during  the  season. 
Always  water  first  with  clear  water  before  using  the  ammonia  water, 
and  do  not  use  the  ammonia  water  right  after  transplanting.  Last 
summer  I  noticed  in  a  friend's  garden  that  all  her  tall  and  mediijm 
Snapdragon  were  badly  rusted,  but  that  the  dwarf  Snapdragons  that 
filled  the  center  beds  were  free  from  rust.  It  will  be  interesting  to  see 
if  the  dwarf  proves  free  again  this  summer. 

In  The  Well  Considered  Garden  Mrs.  King  speaks  highly  of 
the  annual  Statice,  varieties,  bonduelli,  and  s'muata.  The  seed  seems 
difficult  to  get,  but  can  be  bought  as  follows: — Statice  sinuata,  blue, 
simtata  alba,  bonduelli,  and  incana,  of  the  Carter  Seed  Co.,  io6 
Chamber  of  Commerce  Building,  Boston,  Mass. — Statice  bonduelli, 
and  sinuata  blue,  rose  (which  Mrs,  King  rightly  calls  mauve),  and 
white,  of  Vaughan's  Seed  Store,  3 1  W.  Randolph  street,  Chicago.  You 
can  also  buy  of  Vaughan  the  Russian  Statice  which  I  have  never 
tried  out  of  doors,  but  which  is  most  lovely  under  glass.  I  am  told 
that  Statice  incana,  though  a  perennial,  will  bloom  the  first  year  from 
seed. 

If  I  could  have  but  one  annual  (perish  the  thought,  for  I  cannot 
imagine  a  garden  of  any  size  with  less  than  six)  that  one  would  be  the 
Ageratum  Mexicanum  coeruleum  because  it  has  the  longest  season 
of  bloom  of  any  annual  we  grow,  because  its  foliage  is  as  lovely  as  its 
flowers,  and  it  slips  in  and  out  of  the  perennial  border  until  it  fills 

36 


even,-  yawning  gap  with  its  soft  blue  flowers  of  a  shade  that  has  been 
so  aptly  called  the  garden's  solvent.  Because  it  is  the  easiest  of  any 
annual  to  grow,  and  so  far  as  I  know,  has  no  enemies  except  Jack 
Frost.  It  minds  our  dry.  hot  summers  less  than  any  other  annual,  and 
is  truly  charming  to  pick.  It  I  could  have  two,  the  second  would  be 
Petunia — Royal  Purple,  Snowball,  and  Rosy  Morn — and  I  would 
have  a  garden  glo^^ing  and  beautiful  with  color,  cool  with  soft  green 
and  so  satisf}-ing  with  the  exquisite  form  of  the  Petunia  blossom 
that  I  wonder  why  I  should  yearn  for  a  third,  which  would  be  Zinnia, 
of  many  shades  of  rosy  salmon,  best  obtained  by  planting  the  medium 
sized  Zinnia-  Old  Rose.  Then,  of  course,  you  must  leave  out  the 
Rosy  ^lorn  Petunia,  and  what  a  fine  color  scheme  you  have,  and  how 
it  fairly  pleads  for  now  and  then  a  clump  of  sulphur  }-ellow  Calendula ; 
— and  there  we  have  the  fourth  I  I  should  like  to  go  on  planting  this 
garden,  but  I  am  infringing  on  another  department!  Petunias  I 
have  found  almost  as  easy  to  grow  as  Ageratum.  I  have  no  green- 
house, so  sow  the  seed  about  ^March  first,  in  shallow  pans  in  a  south 
window,  one  packet  each  of  the  best  obtainable  dark  purple,  that  used 
to  be  called  Karlsruhe  Rathaus,  and  is  now  called  by  different  dealers, 
Black  Prince,  Royal  Purple,  Purple  King,  or  Dark  Purple,  but  always 
recognizable  because  the  seed  is  expensive — the  pure  white  bedding 
Petunia  usually  called  Snowball,  and  Rosy  ^Morn.  selected  seed. 
From  the  three  packets  you  will  have,  by  the  first  of  April,  thousands 
of  seedlings  to  be  pricked  off  into  flats,  and  set  into  the  cold  frames. 
Transplant  again  the  first  of  2^Iay,  if  possible  into  pots,  and  more 
than  hah"  of  them  will  bloom  by  the  first  week  in  June.  I  have  found 
the  purple  aU  true  to  color,  the  Rosy  Morn  -^ith  only  an  occasional 
one  off  color,  but  the  white  vnR  often  have  an  ugly  bluish-purple 
stripe,  and  those  I  carefully  reject.  LonsE  S.  Huee-^sc. 

Spraying  Fruit  Trees 

Spray  with  lime-sulphur  in  February.  Garden 

Later  on,  use  a  niodined  lime-sulphur  solution  Vvitn  the  addition 
of  arsenate  of  lead  in  the  following  proportions: 

214  gallons  lime-sidphur  loo  gallons  water. 

4  lbs.  Arsenate  of  lead 

This  should  be  appHed: 

1.  When  the  buds  show  color       3.    Two  weeks  later 

2.  Just  when  the  blossoms  fall      4.    Nine  weeks  after  that. 

This  should  keep  the  trees  in   excellent   condition,    destroving 
insects  and  all  fungus  growths. 

37 


Pests 

and 

Remedies 


For  mildew  on  roses  and  phlox  and  for  blight  on  Delphiniums, 
begin  earl}*  in  the  season  and  spray  once  a  week  with  Fungine. 

Care  must  be  used  not  to  spray  with  Fungine  in  greenhouses,  nor 
in  trellises,  as  it  takes  off  the  paint. 

An  excellent  gardener  tells  me  he  prefers  a  Fungicide  called 
"  Copperdine,' '  or  any  of  the  Copper  solutions  sold  by  reliable  nursery 
men  for  Holly-hocks  and  Phlox,  rather  than  Fungine.  This  Copper 
solution  is  also  very  effective  for  "Black  Spot"  on  tomatoes. 

Diseases  and  insect  pests  of  currants  and  gooseberries. 

San  Jose  scale,  frequently  found  on  these  bushes,  is  best  treated 
by  spraying  each  year  during  the  dormant  period  with  lime-sulphur- 
concentrate  at  the  rate  of  i  gallon  to  8  gallons  of  water. 

The  Currant  Worm — which  attacks  gooseberries  as  well  as  currants 
— is  about  ^  of  an  inch  long  and  is  green  with  yellowish  ends.  It  is 
a  greedy  feeder — will  quickly  strip  a  plant  of  its  foliage— hence 
treatment  should  be  given  as  soon  as  its  presence  is  suspected.  If 
left  to  their  own  sweet  will  three  broods  will  often  appear  in  one  season. 
The}'  are  readily  destroyed  with  arsenate  of  lead — used  at  the  rate 
of  2  lbs.  of  paste  to  50  gallons  of  water.  This  should  be  applied  in  the 
spring  just  after  the  leaves  appear.  If  it  is  found  necessarv'  to  treat 
for  a  second  brood,  when  the  fruit  is  ripening,  powdered  hellebore 
should  be  used  as  a  spray — i  oz.  to  i  gallon  of  water  or  dusted  on 
diluted  with  flour  5  to  8  times. 

The  Currant  Aphis  curls  the  leaves  of  currants  and  gooseberries 
and  makes  little  pockets  on  the  lower  leaf  surface.  This  is  best  con- 
trolled by  spraying  just  when  the  leaf  buds  open  with  a  nicotine 
solution,  using  i  ounce  to  8  gallons  of  water. 

No  variety  of  currant  or  gooseberry  appears  to  be  immune  to  the 
White  Pine  Blister  Rust.  This  is  a  fungus  which  grows  on  the  leaves 
of  these  fruits  and  then  attacks  and  kills  five-needled  pines.  Spraying 
has  not  proved  successful  in  preventing  infection,  or  in  killing  the 
fungus  after  it  is  present.  Therefore,  if  the  disease  exists  in  localities 
where  it  is  desirable  to  grow  white  pines,  it  is  necessary  to  destroy  all 
currant  and  gooseberry  bushes,  both  cultivated  and  wild,  also  orna- 
mental and  flowering  currants,  within  a  third  of  a  mile  of  the  pines. 
The  BHster  Rust  first  attacks  the  twigs  of  a  pine  tree  then  gradually 
works  into  the  larger  branches  and  the  trunk.  It  kills  by  girdling 
the  bark.  No  tree  infected  with  this  disease  has  been  known  to 
recover.  Fortunately  it  cannot  go  from  one  tree  to  another — but 
requires  a  period  of  incubation  on  the  leaf  of  a  gooseberry  or  currant, 
where  it  undergoes  several  changes  before  it  can  again  attack  pines. 

'  3H 


lis  growth  on  gooseberries  and  currants  is  so  vigorous  that  by  the 
end  of  a  growing  season,  it  may  have  spread  to  most  of  the  bushes 
within  a  radius  of  several  miles  of  the  infected  pines  on  which  it 
originated. 

When  white  pines  grow  near  infected  bushes,  the  disease  passes  back 
and  forth  from  one  host  to  the  other  until  all  of  the  trees  are  killed. 

New  York  State  limits  the  propagation  of  gooseberries  and  cur- 
rants to  certain  districts  and  doubtless  other  states  will  follow  in 
time  with  strict  quarantine  regulations.   From  Farmers'  Bulletin  1024. 

Any  personal  experiences  regarding  troubles  in  the  garden  or 
practical  suggestions  on  remedies  will  be  appreciated  by  this  depart- 
ment. All  questions  will  be  answered  as  far  as  possible  and  members 
are  urged  to  assist  in  making  this  a  medium  of  interchange  of  garden 
knowledge.  Romayne  Latta  Warren. 


Southern  Dahlia  Society 

IF.  E.  Claflin,  Sec'y.,  College  Park,  Md. 

American  Gladiolus  Society 

A.  C.  Beals,  Sec'y.,  Ithaca,  N .  Y . 

American  Peony  Society 

A.  P.  Saunders,  Sec'y.,  Clinton,  N.  V. 

American  Rose  Society 

Prot'.  E.  A.  White,  Sec'y.,  Cornell  Universilv, 

Ithaca,  iV.  F. 

American  Sweet  Pea  Society 

William  Gray,  Sec'y.,  Bellevuc  Rd.. 

Newport,  R.  I. 


Special 

Plant 

Societies 


American  Carkation  Society 

A.F.J.  Bauer,  Sec'y.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Chrysanthemum  Society  of  America 

C.   W.  Johnson,  Sec'y.,  2242  W.  looth  St., 

Chicago,  III. 

American  Dahlia  Society 

E.  C.  Vick,  Sec'y.,  130  Nassau  St., 

New  York  City 

National  Dahlia  Society 

R.  W.  Gill,  Sec'y.,  Portland,  Oregon 

California  Dahlia  Society 

.V.  /•'.  Vanderbilt,  Sec'y.,  "25  Fifth  St., 

San  Rafael,  Cal. 

A  meeting  to  organize  a  National  Iris  Society  will  be  held  at  the 
Museum  of  the  New  York  Botanic  Garden,  Bronx  Park,  New  Y^ork 
City,  at  II  a.  m.,  Thursday,  January  29th,  1920. 

All  persons  interested  are  invited  to  correspond  with  the  Secretary, 
Dr.  H.  A.  Gleason,^New  York  Botanic  Garden,  Bronx  Park,  New  York 
City. 

The  Peony  Society  is  enjo\dng  great  prosperity.   The  membership  American 
list  is  growing  fast  and  the  annual  meetings  and  shows  attract  more  Peony 
and  more  attention  every  year. 

Last  spring's  show  was  in  Detroit,  Enthusiastic  Peony  growers 
came  there  from  all  parts  of  the  country  to  see  what  was  new  in  tlie 
Peony  w^orld.  T.  C.  Thurlow's  Sons  made  a  fine  display  of  standard 
sorts,  and  staged  also  a  few  fine  new  seedlings.  Mr.  L.  R.  Bonnewitz, 
the  President  of  the  Society  also  brought  from  his  home  in  Van  Wert, 
Ohio,  a  grand  collection  of  blooms.  There  were  of  course  many  other 
exhibitors;  and  indeed  the  competition  in  some  of  the  classes  was 
exceedingly  keen. 

The  Peony  Society  now  publishes  four  bulletins  a  year.  These 
take  up  all  phases  of  Peony  culture,  and  give  also  accounts  of  meetings 
and  shows,  and  miscellaneous  Peony  gossip.    The  number  of  Peony 

39 


Society 


enthusiasts  grows  year  by  year,  and  when  they  cannot  be  talking  of 
their  hobby,  they  hke  to  read  about  it. 

Next  year's  show  is  to  be  at  Reading,  Pa.,  and  the  great  attraction 
there  will  be  the  opportunity^  of  seeing  Mr.  Farr's  nursery  of  Peonies 
and  Irises.  The  meeting  will  be  set  at  the  time  when  the  plants  are 
at  their  best,  and  what  between  the  plants  in  the  fields  and  the  select 
blooms  staged  in  the  exhibition  room,  Peony  lovers  will  have  a  chance 
there,  for  once,  of  seeing  all  the  Peonies  they  want. 

A.  P.  Saunders,  Secretary. 
Clinton,  N,  Y. 

Chrysan-         The  Chrysanthemum  Society  of  America  was  organized  in  Buffalo, 
themum  N.  Y.,  in  1890,  its  object  being  to  encourage  the  growth  and  improve- 
Society  ment  of  Chrysanthemums,  both  hardy  and  grown  under  glass. 

of         Previous  to  its  organization  most  of  the  varieties  were  of  Japanese 
America  origin,  but  through  the  work  of  the  Society,  gardeners  and  florists 
have  greatly  progressed  in  hybridizing,  until  now  the  American 
Chrysanthemum  is  the  peer  of  all  Chrysanthemums. 

In  five  of  the  largest  cities  committees  are  appointed  to  examine 
new  varieties  on  each  Saturday  in  the  months  of  October  and  Novem- 
ber. These  new  varieties,  many  of  which  have  heretofore  been  raised 
in  Europe  and  Australia  and  then  grown  in  this  country,  are  scored 
by  these  committees  for  Chrysanthemum  Society  certificates  of 
merit. 

Since  the  advent  of  the  numerous  Garden  Clubs,  great  impetus 
has  been  given  the  outdoor  culture  of  Chrysanthemums,  but  the  ease 
with  which  seedlings  can  be  produced  makes  it  necessary  that  the 
rules  governing  their  certification  be  rigidly  enforced. 

The  officers  are  always  willing  to  give  information  pertaining  to 
the  objects  of  the  Society  and  the  growth  of  Chrysanthemums. 

The  membership  consists  of  the  many  enthusiasts  of  this  country, 
Canada  and  some  from  Europe.   The  dues  are  $2  per  annum.    New 
members  are  desired,  and  any  one  interested  may  become  a  member 
by  paying  the  annual  dues. 
25  West  39th  Street,  N.  Y.,  November  5-7. 

Charles  W.  Johnson,  Secretary. 

American         Not  so  very  long  ago,  the  American  Dahlia  Society  made  a  classi- 

Dahlia  fication  of  the  different  types  of  Dahlias,  resulting  in  the  establish- 

Society  ment  of  a  number  of  classes  embracing  as  many  distinct  formations 

in  the  Dahlia  species.    Since  that  time  many  beautiful  hybrid  forms 

have  been  introduced,  some  of  them  with  such  intermixture  of  type 

that  judges  at  the  various  shows  this  year  have  been  at  a  loss  to  classi^(y 

40 


them  as  of  one  t^"pe  or  another.  As  a  consequence,  it  is  quite  likely 
that  the  official  classification  will  have  to  be  amended  or  changed. 
The  Paeony-flowered,  Decorative  and  Cactus  types  this  year  have 
showed  some  remarkable  Mendings  of  character,  and  already  the 
terms  "Hybrid  Paeony"  and  ''Hybrid  Cactus"  have  been  used  for 
purposes  of  differentiation. 

The  Dahlia,  beyond  all  other  plants,  promises  surprises  to  the 
enthusiastic  culturist  who  seeks  originations.  The  delight  of  pro- 
ducing seedlings  is  shared  by  commercial  and  amateur  growers  alike. 
A  well-known  commercial  grower  remarked  at  a  recent  show,  ''Of  mv 
seventy  acres  of  Dahlias,  I  find  that,  when  making  a  tour  of  them  for 
inspection,  my  steps  invariably  lead  me,  first  of  all,  to  my  planting  of 
two  thousand  seedlings,  which  are  to  me  my  chief  attraction,  even 
though  I  may  not  retain,  as  this  year,  more  than  five." 

This  year  the  new  varieties  presented  are  mostly  of  the  Paeony- 
flowered  type.  While  especially  suited  for  garden  purposes,  flowers 
of  this  type  are  excellent  for  cutting,  and  last  well  in  the  home.  The 
strong  colors  to  be  found  in  this  type  appeal  to  many,  and  who  do 
not  mind  the  exposed  yellow  centre  characteristic  of  most  varieties  in 
the  class. 

In  the  Decorative  class,  most  popular  for  all  purposes,  some 
splendid  originations  have  been  noticed,  embodying  the  qualities  of 
good  size  and  proportionate  substance.  Strange  to  say,  color  has 
seemed  to  run  to  buffs,  amber,  and  deep  gold,  some  with  suffusions  of 
deeper  colors,  but  all  beautiful.  Pink  shades  in  the  varieties  produced . 
have  shown  very  little  advance  over  existing  sorts.  The  old  Delice 
still  reigns  as  head  of  the  pink  varieties  in  point  of  color. 

The  Show  Dahlia,  which  in  recent  years  has  fallen  behind  in  the 
estimation  of  garden  lovers,  seems  to  be  recovering  lost  ground. 
Some  very  beautiful  varieties  have  been  put  forward  which  e\'idence 
marked  improvement  in  color  and  form. 

No  striking  advance  has  been  noticed  in  the  Single  class,  nor  in  the 
Collarette  section;  and  no  notable  additions  appear  to  have  been 
made  in  the  Pompon  section,  where  size  has  been  the  chief  aim,  with  a 
flower  of  "button"  proportions  the  mark. 

John  H.  Pepper. 

The  bulletin  of  the  Dahlia  Society  was  issued  on  January  ist,  and 
will  appear  promptly  on  the  first  of  each  quarter  hereafter;  and  an 
effort  will  be  made  by  the  officers  of  the  Society  to  make  it  the  most 
\aluable  thing  of  the  kind  published. 

Membership  fee  is  $2  a  year,  and  that  is  the  only  charge. 

E.  C.  \[iCK,  Secretary. 
41 


(Statement  October  5,  1919) 
Southern         During  the  seasons  of  1913-14-15,  a  number  of  dahlia  enthusiasts, 
Dahlia  particularly  those  living  in  the  suburbs  of  Washington  in  the  nearby 
Association  ;^/jaj-yjand  counties,  decided  it  would  be  desirable  to  have  some  sort 
of  organization  and  a  general  getting  together  of  persons  especially 
interested  in  these  beautiful  and  wonderful  flowers.    Accordingly  in 
February,  1916,  the  Southern  DahUa  Association  was  organized,  with 
Prof.  J.  B.  S.  Norton  as  President,  and  W.  E.  Claflin,  Secretary- 
Treasurer. 

The  principal  objects  of  the  Association  are  to  foster  a  general 
interest  in  the  growing  of  DahHas,  the  promotion  of  exhibits  and 
interest  therein,  to  secure  the  exchange  of  varieties  among  the  mem- 
bers, and  the  introduction  of  new  varieties  for  distribution. 

W.  E.  Claflin,  Secretary. 

Special  Plant  Societies  who  desire  to  announce  shows,  give  de- 
scriptions of  recent  introductions,  explain  membership  requirements, 
etc,  should  communicate  with 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  Chairman, 

Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

Slides  Committee 

Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  Chairman 

At  the'meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  on  December  ist,  it  was  the 
opinion  of  the  Clubs  that  a  collection  of  slides  made  from  photographs 
of  member's  gardens  would  be  of  great  interest  and  of  considerable 
educational  value  to  all.  These  collections  would,  upon  request, 
be  loaned  to  Member  Clubs. 

The  Slides  Committee  asks  that  all  Clubs  co-operate  to  make  this 
plan  a  success  by  sending  a  small  or  large  collection  of  slides  of  border, 
shrub,  tree  or  evergreen  plantings,  architectural  designs,  garden  plans, 
gateways,  trelHses,  etc. 

To  facilitate  arrangements  for  these  collections,  the  Garden  Club 
has  been  divided  into  zones  and  zonal  chairmen  have  been  appointed. 
The  names  of  chairmen  and  Hsts  of  Clubs  falling  within  each  zone 
follows.  No  exact  arrangements  as  to  the  duties  of  Zonal  Chairmen  in 
relation  with  the  General  Chairman  have  as  yet  been  made.  This  will 
be  announced  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin  and  Club  presidents  will 
be  notified  as  soon  as  possible  that  work  may  begin  in  the  various 
Clubs. 

A  large  collection  cannot  be  expected  before  summer  but  that 
members  who  already  have  suitable  photographs  may  have  slides 
made,  the  foUo-^ing  details  are  given. 

42 


Slides  may  be  made  from  photographs,  lihiis  or  negatives  and 
must  be  standard  size,  3x4  inches.  Making  of  slide  from  print  or 
photograph  costs  50  cents,  from  negative,  25  cents.  The  coloring 
costs  from  25  cents  to  90  cents  per  shde.  Indi\'iduals  may  make  or 
color  their  own  shdes. 

Good  results  have  been  obtained  from  E.  Van  Altena,  6  E.  Thirty- 
ninth  Street,  New  York  City.  Other  firms  are  being  tried  and  results 
vnR  be  announced  later.  K„\therine  C.  Sloax. 

Atl.JlNtic  Zone 
!Mrs.  Junius  Alorgan.  Chairman, 

Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Bedford  Garden  Club  Rumson  Garden  Club 

Easthampton  Garden  Club  Rve  Garden  Club 

Millbrook  Garden  Club  Short  Hills  Garden  Club 

Morristown  Garden  Club  Somerset  Hills  Garden  Club 

North  Country  Garden  Club  Southampton  Garden  Club 

Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties  Garden  Club  Trenton  Garden  Club 

Philipstown  Garden  Club  Lister  Garden  Club 
Princeton  Garden  Club 

New  Exgl.\xd  Zone 

Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage,  Chairman, 

309  Sanford  Avenue,  Flushing,  Long  Island. 

Chestnut  Hill  Gardea  Society  New-port  Garden  Club 

Hartford  Garden  Club  North  Shore  Garden  Club 

Litchfield  Garden  Club  Ridgefield  Garden  Club 

Lenox  Garden  Club  Washington  Garden  Club 

Central  Zone 
Mrs.  John  Newberry,  Chairman, 
Grosse  Pointe  Farms,  Michigan. 

Cincinnati  Garden  Club  Michigan  Garden  Club 

Cleveland  Garden  Club  Santa  Barbara  Garden  Club 

Illinois  Garden  Club 

Southern  Zone 
(No  Chairman) 

Albemarle  Garden  Club  ilontgomery  and  Delaware  Counties  Garden 

Allegheny  County  Garden  Club  Club 

Amateur  Gardeners  Philadelphia  Garden  Club 

Fauquier  and  Louden  Garden  Club  Twenty  Garden  Club 

Green  Spring  Valley  Garden  Club  ^\'arrenton  Garden  Club 

Harford  Countj'  Garden  Club  Weeders,  The 

A  New  Department  at  the  American  Academy  in  Rome 

The  American  Academy  at  Rome  has  decided  to  estabhsh  three 
fellowships  in  Landscape  Architecture,  to  be  open,  as  the  Directors 
have  recently  decided,  not  only  to  men  but  to  women.  The  late  Mr. 
J.  Pierpont  Morgan  held  a  mortgage  of  8375,000  on  the  Academy 

43 


buildings,  which  his  son  has  generously  offered  to  cancel  if  a  similar 
sum  can  be  raised  to  endow  departments  of  music  and  landscape 
architecture.  $220,000  has  already  been  contributed,  but  $155,000 
more  must  be  added  before  May  ist  in  order  to  take  advantage  of 
Mr.  Morgan's  offer. 

Would  not  the  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  like  to 
show  their  appreciation  of  this  new  departure  by  sending  contribu- 
tions from  each  of  the  Associated  Clubs?  It  might  be  suggested  that 
their  money  should  be  appHed  to  the  new  building  for  housing  women 
which  is  to  be  erected  on  the  grounds.  The  treasurer  is  Mr.  William 
A.  Boring,  52  Vanderbilt  Avenue,  New  York. 

The  fellowships  will  include  a  stay  of  three  years  in  Italy  and  inten- 
sive study  of  the  wonderful  examples  of  landscape  design  in  various 
parts  of  the  country.  With  their  analytic  study  of  these  masterpieces, 
the  Fellows  will  carry  on  constructive  essays  in  design.  They  will 
work  not  in  classes,  but  each  on  his  or  her  own  responsibility  to  make 
the  very  utmost  of  the  extraordinary  opportunity,  enabling  them  to 
concentrate  on  the  single  aim  of  quality  in  their  chosen  art.  They 
will  work  in  collaboration  with  architects,  painters  and  sculptors, 
learning  the  hmitations  and  possibiHties  of  the  kindred  arts. 

During  the  third  year,  as  the  Fellows  in  Architecture  are  sent  to 
Greece,  the  Fellows  in  Landscape  Architecture  will  be  sent  to  France 
and  to  England  to  see  how  the  same  principles  have  been  applied  to 
other  forms  of  landscape  design,  differing  from  the  stately  formal 
Italian  villas,  because  interpreting  human  needs  based  on  a  different 
economic  and  social  life  under  a  more  northern  sky. 

The  benefit  these  Fellows  receive  will  be  returned  to  us  tenfold 
by  raising  the  standards  of  landscape  architecture  in  this  country 
and  spreading  the  desire  for  beautiful  gardens.  Does  not  each  of  us 
wish  to  give  some  practical  expression  of  enthusiasm  for  this  move- 
ment? Rose  Standish  Nichols.  ■ 

The  Society  of  Little  Gardens 

On  reading  the  very  interesting  minutes  of  the  Fifth  Annual  meeting 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  one  notes  the  dominant  desire  to 
enlarge  and  multiply  the  beautiful  spots  of  the  earth  and  to  bring  flowers 
more  readily  within  the  reach  of  all. 

Add  to  this  the  objects  of  the  Garden  Club  as  read  at  the  meeting: 
"The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and 
love  of  gardening  among  amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  associa- 
tion, through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this  country  and  abroad, 
to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds  and  to  encourage  civic 
planting." 

44 


Add  further  the  lines  by  Emerson  quoted  b)'  the  President  in  opening 
the  meeting, 

''Along  the  city's  paved  street. 
Plant  gardens  lined  with  flowers  sweet"; 

and  one  has,  in  brief,  the  principal  idea  with  which  the  Society  of  Little 
Gardens  was  founded  and  the  lines  on  which  it  is  working. 

The  original  plan  of  its  founders  was  the  creation  of  a  very  small  city 
garden  club,  but  so  many  were  the  applications  for  membership,  that 
before  it  was  six  months  old  the  Society  boasted  over  two  hundred  mem- 
bers and  had  branches  in  more  than  a  dozen  States,  since  increased  to 
twenty. 

It  now  oilers  to  all  those  whose  gardens  are  on  a  most  limited  scale, 
such  advantages  of  co-operation  and  inspiration  as  are  already  given  by 
the  G.\RDEN  Club  to  those  who  are  eligible  to  their  membership. 

It  aims  to  promote  wayside,  especially  street,  planting,  the  cultivation 
of  small  and  otherw^ise  barren  spots,  the  guardianship  of  old  gardens  and 
the  protection  of  fine  trees  and  vines. 

Had  there  been  an  active  association  of  this  kind  in  existence  when 
Bartram's  Garden  was  first  offered  for  sale,  it  is  safe  to  assume  that  that 
once  lovely  spot  might  yet  have  been  an  earthly  paradise. 

The  local  work  of  the  Society  has  met  with  much  interest  and  sym- 
pathy. Sale  of  flowers  and  plants  have  been  held  in  the  poorer  parts  of 
the  city,  teachers  and  lecturers  have  been  sent  to  small  communities  to 
give  instruction  in  the  planting  of  gardens  and  growing  of  vegetables,  a 
window  box  movement  has  been  successfully  inaugurated  and  valuable 
work  has  been  done  in  street  tree-planting  and  in  the  Memorial  Tree 
movement.  Assistance  has  also  been  given  in  local  movements  towards 
bird  protection,  bee-keeping  and  the  study  of  aquaria. 

The  past  sad  years  have  emphasized  the  need  of  all  the  comfort  and 
support  that  beauty  can  give  and  taught  us  the  value  of  trees  and  growing 
things. 

If  all  those  who  realize  this  need  could  be  linked  together  with  some 
chain — 'no  matter  how  sHght — -what  might  not  be  accomplished  I 

The  Society  of  Little  Gardens  offers  itself  as  this  link  and  invites 
all  garden  lovers,  as  well  as  all  small  societies  to  join  its  ranks  and  work 
together  for  the  wayside  beautiful,  making  the  towns,  the  villages,  the 
school  yards,  the  waste  places,  the  country  church  yards,  and  the  ugly 
back-yards,  the  restful  and  lovely  places  they  should  be,  worthy  of  this 
great  country  and  its  people. 

Information  is  gladly  given  by  the  Secretary  to  anyone  who  cares  to 
learn  further  particulars  concerning  the  aims  of  the  Society. 

Bertha  A.  Clark. 

Secretary  of  the  Society  of  Little  Gardens  and  Associate  Member  of 
the  Garden  Cll^  of  America. 
(Mrs.  Charles  Davis  Cl.\rk,  2215  Spruce  Street,  Philadelphia.) 

45 


Garden  Club  News 
Garden  Club  Meeting  December  ist,  1919 

Much  interest  was  manifested  at  the  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club 
at  the  Colony  Club,  New  York,  on  December  i,  1919.  Twenty-nine 
Member  Clubs  were  represented  and  there  was  a  lively  exchange  of 
opinions. 

Many  of  the  decisions  reached  are  recorded  under  committee 

reports,  general  information,  etc.     A  resume  follows  of  replies  to 

the  questionnaire  sent  out  in  the  autumn  to  all  Clubs. 

Replies         In  reply  to  the  first  question  asking,  whether  a  general  program 

to  for  each  year's  work  to  be  followed  by  all  Clubs  would  be  acceptable, 

Ques-  the  consensus  of  opinions  was  that  each  Club  preferred  to  be  re- 

tionnaire  sponsible  for  its  own  programs. 

The  second  suggestion,  that  each  Club  make  a  collection  of  garden 
slides,  met  with  great  enthusiasm  and  the  progress  made  by  the 
committee  is  recorded  elsewhere. 

The  matter  of  visiting  cards,  proposed  in  the  third  suggestion, 
is  welcomed  by  most  of  the  Clubs,  but  as  a  very  careful  plan  must  be 
made,  the  final  report  was  deferred  until  all  suggestions  could  be 
carefully  tabulated  and  details  worked  out.  A  book  will  undoubtedly 
be  issued  giving  the  names  of  gardens  that  may  be  visited,  how  they 
may  be  reached  and  at  what  hour  they  mil  be  open. 

Answers  to  the  fourth  question  disclosed  the  fact  that  few  original 
papers  are  being  written  by  members,  a  result  which  Mrs.  Martin 
deplored. 

There  has  been  little  objection  on  the  part  of  Member  Clubs,  to 
paying  the  per  capita  assessment  of  $1.50  to  meet  Garden  Club 
expenses.    Only  four  Clubs  have  felt  unable  to  send  the  additional 
amount. 
Resolu-         The  following  Resolution,  which  explains  itself,  was  unhesitatingly 
tions  adopted: 
-    Against 

Billboards  Resolution  for  the  Garden  Club  of  America  Against 

Billboard  Campaign  of  the  Society  of  American  Florists 

Whereas,  The  Society  of  American  Florists.  John  Young,  Secretar}% 
1170  Broadway,  New  York  City,  has  begun  an  advertising  campaign  with 
billboards  twenty  feet  long  by  seven  feet  high,  bearing  their  slogan  "Sav 
It  with  Flowers"  to  be  placed  in  conspicuous  places  over  this  country. 
and; 

Whereas,  Eighty-seven  of  these  Ijillboards  have  already  been  ordered 
and  the  society  is  urging  all  its  members  to  buy  and  set  them  up  over 
America; 

46 


Resolved,  That  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  which,  through  a  com- 
mon interest  in  flowers,  is  one  of  the  florists'  best  friends,  stands  firmly 
against  this  misguided  movement  to  deface  our  landscape  and  disfigure  the 
streets  of  our  towns  and  cities,  and  hereby  respectfully  protests  against 
that  movement; 

Also  Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  this  resolution  be  sent  to  Mr.  Young 
and  to  every  Member  Club  of  the  G.\rden  Club  of  America  with  a 
request  that  each  Club  take  action  in  this  matter  and  fors-ard  a  similar 
protest  to  Mr.  Young,  Secretary  of  the  Society  of  American  Florists. 

Proposed  by  Mrs.  Francis  King,  Garden  Club  of  Michigan. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  William  A.  Hutcheson,  Somerset  Hills  Garden  Club. 


It  was  announced  that  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club  had  a 
fund  raised  through  the  sale  of  Dahlias  originated  by  Mrs.  Stout. 
This  money  has  hitherto  been  used  as  a  war  fund  but  it  is  proposed 
now  to  appropriate  it  to  a  medal  in  memory  of  Mrs.  Renwick,  through 
whose  death  the  Gaiiden  Club  lost  one  of  its  most  intelligent,  inter- 
ested and  beloved  members.  This  medal  \\ill  be  awarded  to  the 
G.\RDEN  Club  member  who  during  each  year  achieves  distinction  in 
the  advancement  of  horticultural  interests.  It  could  not  be  put  to  a 
more  beautiful  or  appropriate  use  or  one  more  appreciated  by  Gardex 
Club  members. 

A  meeting  will  be  held  in  connection  with  the  International 
Flower  Show  which  vnll  open  at  the  Grand  Central  Palace,  New  York, 
on  March  15th.  Arrangements  have  been  made  for  space  at  the  Show 
where  meetings  and  lectures  may  be  held.  A  number  of  well-known 
nurser}'men  will  be  asked  to  speak  with  a  view  to  bringing  about  a 
better  understanding  between  amateur  and  conmiercial  interests. 
You  are  urged  to  make  plans  to  attend  this  meeting  which  will  be  an 
important  and  interesting  one. 

A  general  protest  was  made  against  the  wanton  destruction  of 
young  trees  for  Christmas  trees.  So  strong  was  the  feeling  that  some 
advocated  doing  away  with  Christmas  trees  altogether.  Other  sug- 
gestions, such  as  growing  trees  which  may  be  replanted,  were  made 
but  it  was  agreed  that  it  was  too  late  to  accomplish  anything  this 
year.  Will  members,  before  this  matter  passes  out  of  our  minds,  and 
before  it  is  too  late  to  achieve  possible  results  next  year,  give  some 
thought  to  the  matter  and  send  any  suggestions  they  may  wish  to 
make  to  the  Bulletix  that  a  campaign  may  be  organized  to 
save  our  trees  through  improved  methods  of  cutting  or  through  sat- 
isfactory- substitutes. 

After  the  business  meeting  and  Imicheon,  Mr.  George  Pratt, 
Forest  Coramissioner  of  New  Y^ork,  gave  an  interesting  illustrated 
talk  on  the  work  accomplished  by  the  Commission,  clearly  demon- 

47 


The 

Emily  D. 
Renwick 
Medal 


Spring 
Meeting 


Christmas 
Trees 


Mr.  Pratt's 
Lecture 


Historical 
Gardens 


New 

Club 

Members 


strating  the  value  of  this  work  in  the  results  cited.  The  fact  that  the 
damage  from  forest  fires  in  New  York  has  been  reduced  from  $800,000 
in  looS  to  less  than  $5,000  in  iqig  is  the  best  proof  of  its  importance. 
His  account  of  the  Park  Preserves,  illustrated  by  beautiful  moving 
pictures  was  most  inspiring. 

Will  members  send  in  the  names  and  photographs,  if  possible,  of 
historical  gardens  in  their  respective  neighborhoods?  The  informa- 
tion, which  should  be  somewhat  in  detail  may  be  sent  to  Mrs.  Pratt 
who  will  forward  it  to  the  Committee  on  Historical  Gardens. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Chestnut  Hill,  Mass.,  has  been  elected  to 
membership  in  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  Its  officers  are  as 
follows: 

Frcsidenl— Mr.  R.  M.  Saltonstall,  Chestnut  Hill,  Mass. 

Secretary — Mrs.  George  B.  Baker,  Chestnut  Hill,  Mass. 

Treasurer — ISIrs.  George  Dike,  Chestnut  Hill,  Mass. 


Quarantine  No.  37 

Whatever  may  be  our  opinion  of  Quarantine  37  certain  of  its 
aspects  are  so  illogical  and  unconsidered  that  tliey  should  be 
enumerated  without  complicating  details. 

Quarantine  37  permits  the  importation  of  sLx  varieties  of  bulbs, 
provided  they  are  free  from  "sand,  soil  or  earth."  These  are  Lilies, 
Lilies  of  the  Valley,  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  Tulips  and  Crocuses,  the 
argument  being  that  these  varieties  are  practically  immune.  They 
are,  and  so  are  more  than  a  hundred  other  varieties  of  bulbs,  corms, 
rhizomes  and  tubers  which  are  barred.  Another  argument  sets  forth 
the  fact  that  this  small  percentage  of  varieties  rnay  be  carefully 
watched  but  these  six  varieties  constitute  88  per  cent  of  all  the  bulbs 
imported.  The  claim  may  be  made  that  since  we  may  still  have  88 
per  cent  of  our  bulbs  there  need  be  no  cause  for  complaint  but  the 
fact  remains  that  the  remaining  12  per  cent  are  quite  as  harmless 
and  equally  needed  for  good  gardening,  and  that  one  allowable  variety, 
Lily  of  the  Valle}',  is  the  most  difficult  of  all  bulbs  to  examine  and  the 
most  likely,  because  of  its  formation,  to  harbor  insects.  Scillas,  Snow- 
drops, Gladioli,  Dahlias  and  Spanish  and  English  Iris  we  may  not 
have.  Neither  may  we  have  a  valid  reason  why. 

Quarantine  37  permits  stock,  cuttings,  scions  and  buds  of  fruits 
for  propagating.  If  these  through  proper  examination  may  be  kept 
free  from  pests  and  diseases,  why  may  not  the  fruit  trees  themselves 
or  other  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs?  It  permits  also  Manetti,  Multi- 
flora,  Briar  Rose  and  Rosa  Rugosa,  if  the  roots  are  free  from  "sand, 

4S 


soil  or  earth,"  but  no  named  roses.  Up  to  1912  these  came  in  without 
any  inspection.  Since  191 2  no  taint  of  disease  has  been  found  on  the 
millions  imported  }-early.  Mr.  Harry  B.  Weiss,  State  Inspector  of 
New  Jersey  since  191 1,  through  whose  hands  possibly  50  per  cent  of 
all  rose  importations  have  passed,  states  that  he  has  never  found  a 
rose  or  rose  stock  infested  with  a  dangerous  pest. 

Quarantine  37  excludes  Orchids  though  a  method  of  fumigating 
these  plants  has  been  found  and  used  by  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture. Pineapples,  bananas  and  other  tropical  fruits  are  admitted. 
Why  bar  tropical  plants,  which  cannot  be  raised  in  America  and  which 
a  little  care  would  render  more  completely  harmless? 

It  ^^-il]  be  noticed  that  all  bulbs  and  plants  admitted  must  be  free 
of  "sand,  soil  or  earth."  The  amount  required  for  packing  is  small 
and  might  easily  and  with  the  willing  co-operation  of  other  countries 
be  sterilized.  Are  the  thousands  of  tons  of  clay,  sand  and  gravel 
brought  each  year  to  America  as  ballast  from  all  parts  of  the  world 
sterilized?  This  clay  is  sold  to  potteries,  the  sand  and  gravel  are  used 
for  filling  and  sold  indiscriminately  to  any  bidder.  None  is  dumped 
in  the  sea.  Does  it  seem  quite  reasonable? 

No  further  examples  of  inconsistency  need  be  given,  but  there  are 
two  commercial  aspects  claimed  by  the  F.  H.  B.  and  the  friends  of 
Quarantine  37  to  be  advantageous.  The  first  is  the  elimination  or 
minimizing  of  foreign  competition.  Contemplation  of  this  advantage 
leaves  the  American  nurseryman  cold.  He  realizes  that  commercial 
growing  has  been  an  art  in  certain  European  countries  for  centuries: 
that  it  will  take  many  years  to  train  men  adequately  for  this  highly 
specialized  occupation  and  that  the  material  for  such  traim'ng  is 
scarce;  that  land  values,  wages  and  climate  will  raise  prices  ex- 
orbitantly and  curtail  profit  and  production.  He  also  knows  that  it 
requires  from  five  to  fifteen  years  to  create  an  adequate  commercial 
stock  and  that  although  the  form  of  our  government  may  be  fixed, 
those  who  administer  it  are  not.  Who  will  finance  him  during  the  lean 
years  while  seeds  are  germinating,  types  are  being  fixed,  cuttings  are 
taking  root  and  plants  reaching  a  marketable  size?  Certainly  no 
bank  or  indi\idual  with  an  eye  to  business  because  at  the  end  of  those 
years  a  new  Federal  Horticultural  Board  may  raise  the  quarantine 
and  admit  a  flood  of  more  cheaply  grown  foreign  bulbs,  plants  and 
trees.  They  would  be  better  grown,  too,  because  in  Europe  they  have 
done  for  centuries  what  we  should  have  to  learn  almost  from  the 
beginning.  Instead  of  improving  the  lot  of  the  American  nurseryman, 
Quarantine  37  has  placed  him  in  a  serious  financial  dilemma. 

Another  business  fallacy  is  the  claim  that  it  is  better  for  America 
to  be  self-contained  and  produce  her  own  nursery  stock  as  well  as 

49 


other  commodities.  This  would  be  true  if  we  could  produce  it  better 
and  more  cheaply  than  we  can  obtain  it  from  abroad  but  since  con- 
ditions, wages,  training,  climate  and  customs  forbid  this  we  do  our- 
selves a  commercial  and  economic  injury  in  attempting  to  create 
artificially  a  new  American  industry.  No  country  can  afiford  to  be 
self-contained,  least  of  all  one  that  has  much  to  sell  and  hopes  to 
increase  its  foreign  trade. 

The  issue  will  not  be  confused  by  giving  a  mass  of  detail  but  it 
may  be  interesting  to  know  that  the  cotton  boll  weevil  mentioned 
as  a  striking  illustration  of  damage  by  foreign  pests  simply  migrated 
across  the  border  from  Mexico. 

Can  we  believe  that  countries  like  Holland  who,  commercially, 
are  largely  dependent  upon  nursery  products  would  not  do  every- 
thing in  their  power  to  keep  their  products  free  from  pests  and  in- 
fection? French  and  English  growers  are  notoriously  painstaking  in 
this  particular  and  all  European  countries  that  have  not  quarantines 
deemed  adequate  by  the  F.  H.  B.  would  undoubtedly  comply  with 
any  suggested  precautions. 

Will  Garden  Club  members  consider  the  points  here  set  forth, 
inform  themselves  upon  others  and  be  ready  at  the  next  meetings  to 
take  formal  action? 

Finally  Quarantine  37  is  not  a  Quarantine  at  all  but  an  em- 
bargo.   America  once  had  a  Tea  Party.    Is  it  getting  ready  for  a 
Garden  Party? 
Plant        The  Federal  Horticultural  Board  issues  the  following  specific 
Importa-  statement  as  to  just  what  kind  of  "personal  use"  certain  plants  may, 
tions  under  special  permits,  be  imported  for. 
^^^        In  the  recent  explanation  of  Regulation  14  of  the  regulations  as 
Personal  amended  under  Quarantine  37  it  is  stated  that  "in  exceptional  cases 
^®  the  importation  of  novelties  (i.  e.,  new  varieties)  may  be  made  for 
personal  use,  but  not  for  sale."   This  is  intended  to  provide  for  the 
importation  of  such  new  varieties  by  directors  of  botanical  gardens, 
collectors  and  growers  of  special  collections  of  plants  of  recognized 
standing,  but  was  not  intended  to  apply  to  importations  which  may 
be  desired  for  personal  use  other  than  as  indicated  or  for  the  adorn- 
ment of  private  estates.    In  case  such  public  gardens,  collectors  or 
growers  of  special  collections  are  not  known  to  the  experts  of  this 
department,  they  may  be  required  to  furnish  evidence  of  their  status. 
Quarantine         I  daresay  that  Quarantine  37  prevented  many  of  these  wonders 
37  Through   (a  remarkable  collection  of  orchids  recently  sold  in  England)  from 
English  migrating  across  the  water.    I  could  not  but  smile  at  Chairman 
Eyes  Marlatt's  guile  in  assuming  U.  S.  growers  might  raise  and  flower 
orchids  of  value  in  five  years.    Presumably  he  has  never  seen  the 

SO 


man-elous  things  raised  on  this  side,  the  results,  maybe,  of  crossing 
and  inter-crossing  during  the  last  loo  years  or  so. 

Regarding  novelties,  what  would,  I  wonder,  constitute  a  novelty 
in  the  Orchid  or  even  Daffodil  line?  The  famous  Rosefield  collection 
sold  recently,  contained  no  less  than  20  plants  of  Odontoglossitm 
triumphans  Lionel  Crawshay.  Only  one  plant  of  this  wonder  had 
ever  been  sold  before  by  ^Ir.  Crawshay,  so  that  it  may  be  classed 
as  a  new  thing,  yet  I  dare  say  it  was  raised  fully  20  years  ago. 

Take  Daffodils  also.  They  take  10  years  to  develop  fully  repre- 
sentative flowers  from  seed,  and  if  of  any  class  another  20  years 
elapses  before  they  become  anything  like  a  commercial  proposition. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  F.  H.  B.  does  not  delude  itseh  into 
assuming  that  seedling  raising  is  going  to  form  the  gateway  whereby 
your  trade  will  level  things  up.  If  everything  seeded  as  easily  and 
freely  as  Groundsel  matters  would  quickh-  adjust  themselves,  but 
they  don't. 

We  Europeans  smUe  at  the  fear  of  the  earwig.  We  do  not  care  at 
all  about  insects  that  so  readily  lend  themselves  to  trapping.  It  is 
wretches  that  cannot  be  seen,  and  the  uncontrollable  diseases,  that 
worry  us,  and  I  dare  say  that  not  a  few  such  pests  have  reached  us 
from  your  side  from  time  to  time. 

F.  A.  Westox  in  The  Florists'  Exchange. 


News  and  Views 

This  department  is  dedicated  to  the  Member  Clubs  and  to  our  individ- 
ual members.  It  is  designed  to  hold  short  accounts  of  tmusual  meetings, 
stirring  events,  interesting  anecdotes,  successful  shows  and  pleasant 
garden  experiences.  Contributions  should  be  signed  and  the  name  of  the 
Club  from  which  they  come  should  also  be  given.  Personal  news  is  wel- 
come and  if  we  might  have  an  occasional  controversy,  so  much  the  better. 
The  name  of  the  Column  Conductor  will  be  announced  in  the  next  issue  of 
the  Bulletin. 

Since  the  new  law  has  gone  into  effect  preventing  the  importation  Attentioa ! 

of  plants  and  shrubs,  it  seems  to  me  that  the  opportunity  has  arrived  Garden 
for  the  garden  clubs  of  America  to  become  creative  hybridizers  and  Clubs 
developers  of  new  varieties  of  plants;  and  shrubs.  We  at  present  have 
but  few  hybridizers  in  this  cotmtr}-  and  have  depended  almost  entirely 
on  Europe  for  our  plants;  this  is  probably  due  to  the  scarcity  and 
high  price  of  labor.  Now  that  we  are  unable  to  import  any  more,  how 
long  will  these  plants  remain  true  to  color,  to  name  and  to  type? 
The  nurserymen  foreseeing  a  shortage  have  imported  thousands  of 
roots,  but  as  you  probably  know  from  sad  experience  when  you  have 

51 


ordered  a  PMox  or  Dahlia  from  several  nurseries  under  the  same 
name  you  were  disappointed  sometimes  to  find  them  different  in 
color  or  shape  from  what  you  anticipated.  Last  spring  needing  more 
Anton  Mercier  Phlox  I  ordered  several  dozen  from  the  same  lirm 
from  whom  I  had  ordered  the  year  before;  later,  when  they  bloomed 
only  a  few  were  what  I  expected  them  to  be.  Why  would  it  not  be  a 
simple  but  very  far  reaching  matter,  if  every  Garden  Club  throughout 
the  country  were  to  undertake  to  perfect  one  annual,  one  perennial 
and  one  native  plant,  choosing  of  course  those  which  do  unusually 
well  in  their  district? 

Think  how  far  reaching  this  would  prove  and  what  results  might 
be  obtained  should  we  all  work  in  unison.  Suppose  for  instance  the 
Garden  Club  of  Easthampton  should  grow  a  true  Belladonna  Del- 
phinium, a  pale  pink  Zinnia,  and  our  own  native  Asclepias  Tuberosa 
or  butterfly  weed;  that  in  a  few  )'ears  we  could  be  depended  on  to 
supply  perfect  seeds  and  plants  of  one  color,  one  name  and  one  tj^je, 
that  we  in  turn  could  also  procure  perhaps  a  mauve  Phlox  and  a  cream 
Snapdragon  from  the  Lake  Forest  Club,  and  a  blue  Petunia  and  a  pink 
Michaelmas  Aster  from  Lenox  and  so  on  throughout  the  country? 
It  does  not  seem  to  me  too  much  to  say  that  in  a  few  years  the  Clubs 
could  trade  or  sell  plants  and  seeds  to  each  other  and  also  to  the 
nurserymen  who  in  their  turn  could  grow  fields  of  known  varieties 
and  sell  them  to  the  general  public. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Easthampton  has  already  formed  an  en- 
thusiastic committee  to  try  to  carry  out  this  idea,  which  I  am  sure 
will  entail  but  little  trouble  and  expense.  We  have  already  sent  to 
several  firms  in  England  for  the  Belladonna  Delphiniimi  seeds  and 
from  the  softest  pink  Zinnia  seeds  we  have  saved  ourselves  we  hope 
to  make  a  beginning  this  spring.  We  have  also  chosen  as  our  native 
plant  the  Asclepias  Tuberosa  whose  gorgeous  orange  shines  so  magnifi- 
cently along  our  roadsides  and  in  our  fields. 

The  Garden  Clubs  have  accomplished  so  much  in  the  past,  why 
cannot  they  become  true  gardeners  in  the  future,  real  gardeners  per- 
fecting and  creating?  Harriet  Shelton  Hollister, 

Garden  Club  of  Easthampton. 

A  Notable  An  exceptional  exhibition  of  Begonias  was  recently  enjoyed  by 
Begonia  lovers  of  this  plant  when  Edwin  S.  Webster  of  Chestnut  Hill,  Mass., 

Collection  invited  a  number  of  those  interested  to  view  his  choice  collection. 
This  collection  was  started  about  nine  years  ago  and  since  then  the 
latest  introductions,  imported  from  England  and  France,  have  been 
added  from  time  to  time.  Strict  selection  of  the  best  varieties  and 
careful  treatment  under  the  intelligent  direction  of  Peter  Arnott, 


head  gardener,  are  responsible  for  the  wonderful  results.  The  plants, 
mostly  in  7-inch  pots,  were  in  the  pink  of  perfection  and  finely 
flowered.  The  cuttings  were  made  about  a  year  ago,  both  leaf  and 
stem  cuttings  being  used,  and  the  plants  regularly  fed  with  weak 
manure  water.  In  other  years  Clay's  Fertilizer  has  mainly  been  de- 
pended upon,  but  this  year,  this  fertilizer  not  being  available,  manure 
water  had  to  take  its  place  and  has  proved  entirely  satisfactory. 

Mr.  Webster  is  a  member  of  our  new  Club,  the  Garden  Club  of 
Chestnut  Hill,  Mass. 

National  and  sectional  dayhght  saving  legislation  is  to  be  pushed  Daylight 
in  Congress  following  the  conclusion  of  the  holiday  recess  which  will  Saving 
terminate  January  5th.  Congressman  Darrow,  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
reintroduced  the  national  act,  which  was  recently  repealed,  and  Con- 
gressman Dallinger  of  Massachusetts,  acting  for  the  New  England 
States,  has  introduced  a  bUl  similar  to  the  one  sponsored  by  former 
Congressman  John  F.  Fitzgerald  of  Boston. 

The  legislation  referred  to  as  affecting  the  New  England  States  is 
contemplated  in  the  DalHnger  bill  which  provides  that  within  the 
first  zone  as  established  by  the  National  Daylight  Saving  law,  the 
time  shall  be  advanced  one  hour  at  2  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  last 
Sunday  in  April  of  each  year  and  retarded  one  hour  at  2  o'clock  in  the 
morning  of  the  last  Sunday  in  September  of  each  year,  thereby  return- 
ing to  the  mean  astronomical  time  of  the  degree  of  longitude  governing 
this  zone. 

The  Darrow  bill  is  similar  in  language  except  that  the  change  in 
time  would  be  applicable  to  all  sections  of  the  country  between  the 
last  Sunday  in  April  and  the  last  Sunday  in  September  of  each  year. 

E.  A.  D. 

The  foregoing  appeared  recently  in  the  Florists^  Exchange  and 
since  many  Garden  Club  members  have  asked  if  anything  could 
be  accomplished  by  the  Club  in  this  direction  it  is  reprinted  to  revive 
a  fading  hope. 

Any  suggestion  of  a  method  by  which  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  may  assist  in  bringing  about  the  desired  result  will  be  very 
welcome.  The  National  Daylight  Saving  Association,  200  Fifth  Ave. , 
New  York,  will  be  glad  to  hear  from  interested  clubs. 

Seventh  Annual  International  Flower  Show 

Grand  Central  Palace,  New  York,  March  15-21,  1920. 

PreUminary  arrangements  for  the  show  are  practically  completed 
even  at  this  early  date,  and  prospects  are  bright  for  another  highly 
successful  show.  The  final  schedule  of  premiums  is  now  in  press. 

53 


Columbia  University  Horticultural  Courses 
O.  S.  Morgan,  Professor 

Beginning  in  February  and  running  to  June,  Professor  Hugh 
Findlay,  formerly  in  charge  of  the  Department  of  Horticulture  in 
Syracuse  University,  New  York,  offers  horticultural  courses  as 
follows: 

On  Monday  evenings,  Orchard  and  Small  Fruit  Management, 

fee  $12. 
On  Thursday  evenings,  for  the  same  period,  Fruit  and  Vegetable 

Varieties  for  Home  and  Commercial  Plantings,  fee  $12. 
On  Monday  and  Thursday  afternoons,  for  the  same  period,  from 

4:20  to  6  p.  M.,  a  course  in  Vegetable  Raising,  fee  $12. 
In  these  courses  greenhouse  practice  will  be  an  essential  accom- 
paniment. 
Another  course  that  is  fundamental  to  any  work  with  soil  is  that 
given  by  Professor  Morgan  on  Soil  Management  and  Fertilizers,  from 
February  to  June  on  Wednesday  evenings  or  on  Thursday  afternoons. 
The  fee  is  $12  or  $18  for  the  course,  depending  on  whether  or  not 
students  register  for  only  the  lectures  or  for  both  lectures  and  labora- 
tory work. 

Other  courses  in  Agriculture  offered  at  the  University  are  Field 
Crops  and  Farm  Management  and  graduate  courses  on  Crops  and 
Soils. 

Short  courses,  $10  each,  are  offered  as  follows: 
In  February,  Feeding  and  Management  of  Farm  Livestock. 
In  March,  the  Management  of  Farm  Poultry. 
In  AprO,  Farm  Machinery  and  Tractors. 

These  short  courses  are  offered  in  co-operation  with  the  State 
College  of  Agriculture  and  with  the  Department  of  Farms  and 
Markets. 

My  Garden 

Marion  McF addon;  Aged  8 

I  have  a  little  garden 

Down  by  an  apple  tree. 

'Tis  cared  for  by  God  in  Heaven 

As  well  as  little  me. 

There  are  many  others  like  it 

But  none  so  dear  to  me 

As  my  tiny  Httle  garden 

Behind  the  Academy. 

54 


Membership  List  of 
The  Garden  Club  of  America 

Giving  Names  and  Addresses  of  Presidents  for  1919-1920 


Albemarxe 

Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Marshall,  "Morven," 

Simeon  Postoffice,  Virginia 

Allegheny  County 

Mrs.  Henry  Rea,  Sewickley,  Pennsylvania 

Amateur  Gardeners  of  Baltimore 

Miss  Dora  L.  Murdoch,  245  West  Biddle  Street, 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Bedford 

Mrs.  Rollin  Saltus,  Mount  Kisco, 

New  York 

Chestnut  Hill 

Mr.  R.  M.  Saltonstall,  Chestnut  Hill, 

Massachusetts 

CruaNNATi 
Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft,  3329  Morrison  Avenue, 
Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Cleveland 
Mrs.  John  E.  Newell,  West  Mentor,  Ohio 
Easthampton 
Mrs.  William  A.  Lockwood,  780  Park  Avenue, 
N.  Y.,  and  Easthampton,  L.  I. 
Fauquier  &  Loudoun 
Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison,  Belvoir  House, 
Belvoir,  Va. 
Green  Spring  Valley 
Mrs.  William  V.  Elder,  Glyndon,  Maryland 

Harford  County 
Sec'y.,  Miss  E.  Rush  Williams,  Bel  Air,  Md. 

Hartford 

Mrs.  Robert  W.  Gray,  Weekapaug,  R.  I.  and 

54  Huntington  Street,  Hartford,  Connecticut 

Illinois 
Mrs.  Horace  H.  Martin,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

Litchfield 

Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage,  309  Sanford  Avenue, 

Flushing,  L.  I.,  and  West  Morris,  Conn. 

Lenox 
Miss  Heloise  Meyer,  Lenox,  Mass. 
Michigan 
Mrs.  John  Newbeny,  Grosse  Pointe  Farms, 
"        Michigan 

MiLLBROOK 

Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne,  Millbrook,  N.  Y., 

and  Santa  Barbara,  California 

Montgomery  and  Delaware  Counties 

Mrs.  Horace  BuUock,  Ardmore,  Pennsylvania 

Morristown 

Mrs.  Gustav  E.  Kissel,_  12  East  53d  Street, 

New  York,  and  Morristown,  New  Jersey 

Newport 

Miss  Wetmore,  640  Park  Avenue, 

New  York  City,  and  Newport,  R.  I. 


North  Country 

Mrs.  Beekman  Winthrop,  38  E.  37th  Street 

New  York  City  and  Groton  Farm,  Westbury. 

L.  I. 

North  Shore 

Mrs.   S.   V.   R.   Crosby,  95   Beacon  Street, 

Boston,  Mass.,  and  Manchester,  Mass. 

Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties 

Dr.  Edward  L.  Partridge,  19  Fifth  Avenue, 

New  York  and  Cornwall-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Philadelphia 
Mrs.  Charles  Biddle,  Andalusia,  Pennsylvania 

Philipstown 
Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  45  East  S3d  Street, 
New  York  and  Garrison,  New  York 
Princeton 
Mrs.  George  A.  Armour,  Princeton,  New  Jersey 

Ridgefield 

Mrs.  A.  Barton  Hepburn,  630  Park  Avenue, 

New  York  City  and  Ridgefield,  Conn. 

RUMSON 

Mrs.  Harding  Crawford,  41  W.  S7th  Street 

New  York  and  Rumson,  New  Jersey 

Rye 

Mrs.  A.  William  Putnam,  Rye,  New  York 

Santa  Barbara 

Mrs.  Edwin  H.  Sawyer,  200  West  Victoria  St. 

Santa  Barbara,  California 

Short  Hills 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr., 

Short  HiUs,  New  Jersey 

Somerset  Hills 

Mrs.  Francis  G.  Lloyd,  157  East  71st  Street 

New  York  and  Bemardsville,  New  Jersey 

Southampton 

Mrs.  Harry  Pelham  Robbins,  19  East  80th  St.. 

New  York  and  Southampton,  L,  I. 

Trenton 

Miss  Frances  M.  Dickinson,  479  W.  State  St. 

Trenton,  New  Jersey 

Twenty 

Mrs.  W.  Irving  Keyser, 

Stevenson,  Maryland 

Ulster  County 

Mrs.  John  Washburn,  Saugerties,  New  York 

Warrenton 
Mrs.  Samuel  A.  Appleton,  Warrenton,  Virginia 

Washington,  Connecticut 

Mrs.  Arthur  Shipman,  1967  Asylum  Street , 

Hartford  and  Washington,  Connecticut 

Weeders 

Mrs.    AUred    Stengel,    1728    Spruce    Street. 

PhDadelphia  and  Newton  Square,  Pa. 


Important  Notice.  This  list  has  been  cornpiled  from  lists  received 
by  the  Secretary  during  the  last  two  months.  If  any  errors  in  names 
or  addresses  occur,  kindly  notify  the  Secretary  immediately  that 
correction  may  be  made  both  in  the  Club  file  and  in  the  next  issue  of 
the  Bulletin. 

55 


Bulletin  Information 


At  the  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  on  December  ist  it  was 
decided  that  members  should  be  allowed  to  subscribe  to  the  Bulletin 
for  non-members.  This  will  not  throw  open  our  subscription  list  to 
the  pubhc  but  it  will  make  it  possible  for  anyone  really  interested  to 
receive  it  regularly.  The  discussion  which  led  to  this  decision  is  too 
long  to  give  in  detail,  but  if  you  wish  to  subscribe  for  some  friend,  as 
a  gift,  or  sponsor  the  subscription  of  some  non-member  you  may  do  so. 

The  subscription  price  is  $1.50.  The  name  and  address  of  the 
subscriber  and  the  member  through  whom  the  subscription  is  sent 
should  be  forwarded  to  the  editor,  together  with  a  check  made  pay- 
able to  the  Garden  Club  oe  America. 

Extra  copies  of  the  Bulletin  may  be  had  for  25  cents  each. 

It  is  found  that  some  copies  of  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin  go 

astray.  To  save  time  it  has  been  decided  to  send  to  each  Club  secre- 

Important  ^^^^  three  extra  copies  to  be  given  to  any  members  of  their  Club  who 

fail  to  receive  their  copy.    Please  explain  this  to  your  Club  at  your 

next  meeting. 

To         When  your  copy  of  the  Bulletin  does  not  reach  you  please  apply 

Club  to  the  Secretary  of  3^our  Club  who  will  have  extra  copies  for  replacing 

Members  those  lost  in  the  mail. 


To  Club 
Secre- 
taries : 


Board  of  Editors 

(Incomplete) 


CItairman 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER, 

Lake  Forest,  III.,  and  1220  Lake 
Shore  Drive,  Chicago 

The  Gardener's  Miscellany 
MRS.  ROBERT  C.  HILL 

Easthampton,  L.  L,  and  q6o 
Park  Ave.,  New  York 

Plant  Material 
MRS.  CHARLES  W.  HUBBARD 

WiKNETKA,  III. 


Secretary  (Ex-officio) 
MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT 

Glen  Cove,  L.  L,  and  820  Fifth 

Ave.,  New  York 
Garden  Literature 
MRS.  WILLIAM  K.  WALLBRIDGE 
Short  Hills,  N.  J.,  and  33  W. 

5 1  ST,  New  York 
Garden  Pests  and  Remedies 
MRS.  BENJAMIN  WARREN 
Grosse  Pointe  Shores,  Mich. 
Special  Plant  Societies 
MRS.  JOHN  A.  STEWART,  JR. 
Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


Bulletin  of 


tCbe  (3arben  Club 


of  Hmertca 


March,  1920 


No^  1 1  (New  Series) 


President 
MRS.  J.  WILLIS  MARTIN 

Chestnut  Hill,  Phtt.adelphl^,  Pa. 

Treasurer 
MRS.  H.  D.  AUCHINCLOSS 

33    E.    67TH    Street,    New    York    and 
Newport,  R.  I. 

Secretary 
MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT 

820  Fifth  A\"e.,  New  York  and 
Glen  Cove,  L.  I. 

Librarian 
MRS.  FREDERICK  L.  RHODES 

Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


Vice-President 
MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 
Alma,  Michigan 

MRS.  JOHN  E.  NEWELL 
West  Mentor,  Ohio 

MRS.  OAKLEIGH  THORNE 
Millbrook,  N.  Y.  and 
S.\2s^A  B.\rbara,  Cal. 


MRS.  SAilUEL  SLOAN 

45   East   53d   Street,   New   York   .\nd 
Garrison,  N.  Y. 
Editor 
MRS.   W.ALTER    S.    BREWSTER 
IZ20  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  .^nd  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 


The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
countr>-  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting 


And  hark!  how  blithe  the  Throstle  sings! 

He,  too,  is  no  mean  preacher: 
Come  forth  into  the  light  of  things, 

Let  Nature  be  your  teacher. 


One  impulse  from  a  vernal  wood 
May  teach  you  more  of  man. 

Of  moral  evil  and  of  good. 
Than  all  the  sages  can. 


She  has  a  world  of  ready  wealth, 
Our  minds  and  hearts  to  bless — 

Spontaneous  wisdom  breathed  by  health 
Truth  breathed  by  cheerfulness. 


Sweet  is  the  lore  which  Nature  brings: 

Our  meddling  intellect 
Misshapes  the  beauteous  form  of  things 

We  murder  to  dissect. 


Enough  of  Science  and  of  Art; 

Close  up  these  barren  leaves; 
Come  forth,  and  bring  with  you  a  heart 

That  watches  and  receives. 

William  Wordsworth. 


This  is  the  Spring  Planting  number  of  the  Bulletin.  We  hope 
that  it  finds  you  impatient  for  Spring. 

But  since  this  is  written  on  a  zero  day  and  the  catalogue  garden- 
ing of  the  editor  is  completed  she  has  determined  to  do  a  little  edi- 
torial Spring  Planting  not  inconsistent  with  the  cold  and  piercing 
weather. 

Dear  fellow-members,  have  you  a  little  corner  in  your  mind  where 
one  might  plant  a  meek  suggestion  that  when  you  write  to  the  editor 
reproving  her  for  wrongly  addressing  your  Bulletin,  that  you  do 
not  write  on  your  Club  paper  giving  no  further  address  and  signing 
yourself  Mary  Q.  Smith?  Will  it  take  root  in  ground,  too  rich,  per- 
haps, for  so  ordinary  a  plant? 

Is  there  a  sunny  stretch  in  your  heart  where  co-operation  seeds 
would  germinate  promptly  and  well?  The  Bulletin  doesn't  want 
to  be  one  of  those  houses  that  will  look  all  right  when  the  vines  and 
shrubs  get  a  good  start.  It  wants  something  from  you  to  make  it 
always  gay  and  interesting  and  constructively  sound. 

Have  you  a  stony  place  in  your  character  where  a  few  sharp 
criticisms  might  flourish  for  a  season?  We  shall  not  let  them  grow 
unheeded  but  unless  you  tell  us  where  they  are  hidden  we  cannot  root 
them  out. 

There  are  other  dehcate  flowers  and  noxious  weeds  for  which 
Trial  Grounds  are  editorially  sought.  Will  you  think  yourself  over 
and  forward,  carefully  packed,  coherently  worded,  samples  to  show 
past  accomplishments,  offers  to  promote  future  experiments? 

K.L.B. 

A  Letter  from  Mr.  E.  H.  Wilson 

Arnold   Arboretum 

Harvard  University,  Feb.  gth,  ig2o. 
Dear  Mrs.  Brewster: — Replying  to  yours  of  February  6th,  re- 
Quarantine  No.  37,  I  gladly  avail  myself  of  the  opportunity  to  set 
before  you,  and  through  you  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  the 
effect  of  this  drastic  measure  on  American  horticulture  as  I  see  it. 
For  more  than  twenty  years  I  have  been  engaged  in  introducing  to 
the  gardens  of  this  country  and  Europe  new  plant  material  and  was 
under  the  impression  that  the  work  was  beneficial  to  this  and  future 
generations  until  I  was  abruptly  brought  face  to  face  with  the  ruhngs 
of  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board.  I  feel  that  the  far-reaching  effect 
of  Quarantine  No.  37  is  not  properly  understood  by  the  amateur  nor 
by  the  Horticultural  Societies  whose  interests  are  his.  It  is  these 
interests  that  are  threatened  with  extinction  for,  just  as  it  is  impossible 


to  make  bricks  without  clay,  so  it  is  impossible  to  build  gardens  with- 
out plant  material.  The  cutting-oS  of  raw  supplies  can  lead  to  no 
other  end  than  the  furnishing  of  all  our  gardens  with  the  common 
material  most  cheaply  and  easily  produced.  As  aU  know  well,  the 
nursery  business  of  this  coimtr>-  is  backward  and  prefers  to  deal  in 
quantity  rather  than  quahty.  But  even  were  it  otherwise,  the  business 
caimot  be  maintained,  extended  and  developed  as  the  necessities  of 
American  gardens  demand  unless  it  has  at  its  command  the  world's 
supply.  The  Federal  Horticultural  Board  apparently  considers  that 
the  so-called  special  import  permits  admit  of  this,  but  those  of  ex- 
perience know  fuU  well  that  they  do  not,  they  can  not,  and  that  they 
v,ill  not.  The  facihties  at  Washington,  D,  C._,  are  utterly  inadequate  to 
cope  with  such  a  situation.  Further,  this  country'  is  so  large  that  it 
is  impossible  to  import  all  its  necessar}'  horticultural  material  through 
one  port.  As  the  law  now  stands  Seattle  must  draw  any  new  Japanese 
material  it  needs  by  way  of  Washington! 

No  plant  lover  has  the  remotest  desire  to  introduce  any  plant  pest. 
He  believes  in  rigorous  Inspection  and  if  it  be  found  necessary,  in 
quarantine,  too,  but  he  is  and  must  be  utterly  and  absolutely  opposed 
to  plant  exclusion,  and  to  dictation  as  to  what  he  may  or  may  not  grow 
and  enjoy  the  beauty  of  in  his  garden.  He  objects  to  being  allowed  a 
Hyacinth  and  to  not  being  allowed  a  Snow-drop. 

The  object  supposed  to  be  obtained  by  Quarantine  No.  37  is  the 
exclusion  of  pests  dangerous  to  vegetable  growth  of  all  kinds.  This 
object  is  impossible  of  accomplishment  in  its  entirety  since  such  pests 
as  are  of  a  bacterial  nature  and  others  of  fungoid  origin  may  be  dis- 
seminated by  air  currents  even  as  was  the  germ  of  the  recent  influenza 
epidemic.  Those  of  insect  character  can  travel  on  material  other  than 
li\Tng  plants.  Witness  the  Corn-borer  now  alarming  New  England 
farmers  and  the  Wood-borer  found  in  American  packing  cases  and 
about  which  AustraUa  is  just  now  agitated.  The  logical  end  of  such. 
legislation  is  to  cut  off  all  international  trade  and  intercourse.  This 
new  quarantine  act  will  not  effectively  keep  out  diseases;  it  wiU 
accompHsh  no  more  in  that  direction  than  proper  inspection  at  ports 
of  import  would  do  and  have  done  in  the  past. 

In  the  matter  of  disease  it  should  be  remembered  that  we  our- 
selves and  our  forebears  by  the  rapid  settlement  of  this  countr}', 
by  the  destruction  of  its  forests  and  by  the  congregation  of  people  in 
cities  and  \-illages  vrith.  all  their  insanitation  have  disturbed  the  bal- 
ance of  nature  and  the  price  will  be  exacted  until  the  balance  be  read- 
justed. The  damage  wrought  by  pests  is  glibly  stated  in  miUions  and 
bihions  of  dollars — the  figures  loosely  estimated  and  used  solely 
for  effect — but  never  a  word  is  said  of  the  real  billions  of  dollars  the 


country  owes  to  its  alien  plant  material.  Witness  the  apple  and  peach 
crop  of  this  country — apples  and  peaches  are  aliens. 

As  a  matter  of  fact  there  is  not  an  iota  of  proof  of  a  single  prevent- 
able disease  being  brought  into  this  country  which  proper  inspection 
could  not  have  kept  out.  The  Arnold  Arboretum  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity was  established  in  1872  as  a  botanical  garden  in  which  to  grow 
every  woody  plant  which  could  withstand  the  cUmate  of  Massa- 
chusetts. To  date  this  institution  has  introduced  more  kinds  of  hardy 
woody  plants  than  all  other  institutions  in  this  country  combined. 
The  plants  have  come  from  all  parts  of  the  world  and  no  plant  pest, 
not  one,  has  ever  been  brought  in  by  this  institution.  The  Arnold 
Arboretum  is  the  great  pioneer  in  the  matter  of  garnering  and  testing 
the  quahties  of  plant  material  for  the  country,  and  its  influence  is 
international.  The  effect  of  Quarantine  No.  37  is  to  so  curtail  the 
activities  of  this  institution  that  in  a  few  years  it  must  cease  to  function, 
for  if  it  be  prevented,  as  now  is  the  case,  from  drawing  supphes  of  new 
and  rare  plants  from  distant  lands  it  cannot  even  maintain,  much  less 
increase,  its  collections. 

To  further  and  develop  the  garden  art  in  this  country  it  is  necessary 
that  the  country  have  free  access  to  the  world's  supply  of  plant  ma- 
terial. This  should  be  allowed  to  enter  at  recognized  ports,  say 
Boston,  Ne?w  York,  Philadelphia,  Galveston,  San  Francisco  and  Seattle, 
and  at  others  if  it  be  found  necessary.  At  each  port  a  proper  inspection 
staff  should  be  maintained  and  a  Quarantine  station  also.  Some  sort 
of  control  of  quantities  may  be  necessary  but  none  in  variety.  Plant 
material  of  all  kinds  should  be  admitted,  subject  to  proper  inspection. 
The  present  Federal  Horticultural  Board  is  composed  of  Plant  Pathol- 
ogists and  Entomologists  and  has  neither  knowledge  of  nor  interest 
in  the  development  of  Garden  Art  and  all  that  it  means  to  America. 
In  fact,  by  its  action  it  has  shown  itself  antagonistic.  No  good  purpose 
can  be  served  in  petitioning  this  Board;  what  is  needed  is  that  the 
Horticultural  Societies  of  the  country  unite  on  a  common  poUcy  and 
on  the  advent  of  a  new  Administration  at  Washington  present  their 
plea. 

Thanks  very  largely  to  the  efforts  of  ladies  individually  and  through 
their  Garden  Clubs,  the  interest  in  gardens  and  Garden  Art  in  this 
country  has  progressed  by  leaps  the  last  few  years.  It  is  unthinkable 
that  their  efforts,  and  that  of  institutions  like  the  Arnold  Arboretum 
should  end  in  futility.  The  art  of  gardening  has  ever  been  considered 
among  the  civilizing  influences  of  all  ages.  It  inculates  tidiness,  thrift, 
and  love  of  home.  Nay,  it  makes  homes,  which  is  one  of  the  great  needs 
of  this  and  every  other  country.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  statesmen  of  every 
country  to  further  by  all  means  in  their  power  evtry  civilizing  in- 

4 


fluence.    We  lovers  of  gardens  claim  that  such  is  our  art  and  appeal 
to  our  statesmen  for  the  recognition  of  our  just  and  simple  rights. 

With  compliments  and  cordial  good  wishes  I  am,  Dear  Mrs. 
Brewster, 

Very  truly  yours, 

E.  H.  Wilson. 


The  Flower  Border 

Gertrude  Jekyll — V.  M.  H. 

This  is  the  simplest  name  for  the  border  that  is  to  hold  and  display 
the  best  of  our  hardy  flowers  with  any  admixture  of  tender  plants 
that  may  be  desirable.  Quite  commonly  it  is  called  the  herbaceous 
border,  but  many  of  its  indispensable  occupants  are  not  herbaceous;  or 
it  is  called  the  hardy  flower  border,  but  that  name,  too,  loses  its  justi- 
fication when  we  fill  up  with  tender  plants  and  half-hardy  annuals. 
Therefore  it  had  better  be  simply — the  Flower  Border.  The  border 
itself  may  be  of  any  size  or  length  and  should  be  considered  and  treated 
accordingly.  Sometimes  it  is  a  double  border  with  flowers  on  each 
side  of  the  path,  and  this  is,  in  many  cases,  a  convenient  arrangement. 
Where  a  plot  of  ground  is  of  small  size — anything  under  an  acre — and, 
as  is  so  often  the  case  in  suburban  lots,  in  form  a  parallelogram  with 
the  shorter  measurement  next  the  road,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  set  the 
house  only  a  little  way  back  and  then  to  devote  a  space  at  the  back 
of  the  house  (except  for  the  width  of  a  road  or  path  of  access),  to  a 
lawn  set  round  with  shrubs  and  flowers  and  any  small  trees  that  may 
be  needed  for  shade.  T'hen  in  the  middle  of  this  space,  in  a  line  with 
the  longer  axis  of  the  ground,  to  drive  a  straight  path  straight  along 
with  a  flower  border  to  right  and  left,  backed  by  an  evergreen  hedge. 
At  the  end  there  should  be  a  good  summer-house  and  all  the  rest  of 
the  space  behind  the  two  hedges  can  be  kitchen  garden,  well  screened 
from  view.  In  larger  places  there  is  more  scope,  and  perhaps  a  simple 
flower  border,  of  ample  width  and  length,  backed  by  a  high  wall, 
is  the  way  in  which  we  may  best  show  and  enjoy  our  flowers.  Such  a 
border  may  well  be  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long  and  something 
like  eighteen  feet  from  the  wall  to  the  path.  This  will  aUow  for  a  space 
of  four  feet  for  shrubs  trained  to  the  wall  and  then  for  a  narrow  alley — 
not  a  made  path,  but  just  a  way  to  go  along  —  convenient  for  access 
to  the  wall  and  for  getting  at  the  plants  in  the  back  of  the  border. 
In  front  it  is  convenient  to  have  a  hard  path,  whether  of  gravel  or 
paving,  but  if  next  to  the  path  there  is  a  certain  amount  of  lawn  space 
it  is  a  great  advantage,  as  it  enables  the  whole  effect  of  the  flower  border 

5 


to  be  seen  from  various  distances  and  from  many  different  points  of 
view. 

A  long  life  of  gardening,  and  some  early  training  in  the  fine  arts, 
have  taught  me  the  supreme  importance  of  having  the  flowers  well 
arranged  for  colours,  so  that  the  whole  border  becomes  a  picture 
instead  of  a  scattered  collection  of  unrelated  colourings.  I  have  found 
it  the  most  convenient,  as  well  as  the  most  effective  plan,  to  have  at  the 
two  ends  plants  of  cool  colouring  and  to  come  gradually,  by  a  pro- 
gression of  related  colour  harmonies,  to  a  culmination  of  gorgeousness 
in  the  region  of  the  middle  of  the  length.  Thus,  supposing  the  border 
to  face  nearly  south,  we  begin  at  the  western  end  with  some  good  blues 
in  bold  groups — Delphinium  and  Anchusa,  to  be  followed  by  the 
steel-blue  of  Eryngium.  There  is  something  about  flowers  of  pure  blue 
colouring  that  seems  to  demand  a  treatment  with  a  contrast,  so  that 
just  here  the  rule  that  in  general  seems  the  safest  to  follow,  that  of 
harmonious  sequence,  is  in  abeyance,  and  though  there- is  nothing 
against  treating  the  pure  blues  with  a  progression  of  violet  and  purple, 
they  are  to  me  more  enjoyable  if  they  are  given  a  distinct  contrast 
of  palest  yellow  and  white.  Here  we  have  a  pure  white  Foxglove, 
the  tall  yellow  ThaHctrum,  MuUein  and  Oenothera  Lamarckiana.  The 
two  last  are  specially  suited  for  the  place  I  have  in  mind,  as  it  is 
partly  shaded  by  a  high  wall  and  a  large  Spanish  Chestnut  that  stands 
not  far  off,  and  neither  of  these  plants  are  at  their  best  in  hot  sunshine. 

The  pale  yellows  in  the  border  are  followed  by  the  deeper  yellow 
of  Coreopsis,  Helenium,  and  some  of  the  less  weedy  of  the  perennial 
Sunflowers.  Soon  we  come  to  the  splendid  deep  orange  of  African 
Marigolds  and  the  rich  mahogany  browns  of  the  French  Marigolds, 
both  tall  and  dwarf.  Then  come  deep  orange  DahHas  backing  fier>- 
clumps  of  Tritomas,  passing  on  to  the  pure  scarlet  of  DahHas  and 
Cannas,  Salvias,  GladioH  and  bedding  Geraniums.  The  use  of  these 
grand  summer  plants  is  one  reason  why  the  border  had  better  not 
be  called  hardy  or  herbaceous,  for  there  are  no  hardy  plants  that  will 
answer  the  same  purpose.  It  is  true  that  there  are  Monarda  and 
Lobelia  cardinalis  and  some  grand  Phloxes,  but  the  border  is  too  dry 
for  the  two  first,  which  are  happier  in  almost  boggy  ground,  and  the 
scarlet  Phloxes  brown  badly  in  hot  sunshine — moreover  it  is  certainly 
more  important  that  the  border  shall  be  beautiful  than  that  it  should 
be  either  strictly  hardy  or  herbaceous. 

'  At  the  back  of  the  mass  of  rich  red  is  a  group  of  towering  Holly- 
hocks, blood-red,  with  a  few  of  a  rich,  dark  claret  colour.  The  whole 
of  the  red  region  has  also  an  interplanting  of  the  red-leaved  form 
of  Atriplex  horiensis,  and,  nearer  the  front,  of  a  French  form  of  annual 
Amaranthus  with  dull  red  flowers  of  a  pleasant  quality  and  red-tinted 

6 


leaves;  a  much  better  plant  than  the  commoner  form  with  magenta 
flowers.  The  colouring  of  the  border  now  returns  to  orange,  then 
passing  again  to  yellow  and  on  to  the  cooler  colours.  But  at  the  eastern 
end  we  favour  purple  rather  than  blue.  The  wall  here  has  a  Wistaria, 
and  in  the  back  of  the  border  there  are  some  Clematis  Jackmanni,  to 
be  trained  forward  into  their  proper  place,  and  some  of  the  September 
Asters;  in  the  middle  spaces  there  are  Galega,  Erigeron  and  Salvia 
virgata.  One  large  drift  is  of  the  useful  old  garden  plant  Clary  (Salvia 
Sclarea).  As  it  comes  freely  from  seed  and  we  always  have  plants  in 
reserve,  we  dig  it  right  up  when  the  best  of  its  beauty  is  over  and 
drop  in  some  Hydrangas  in  pots  in  the  same  place.  With  the  purple 
there  are  also  white  flowers — again  the  pure  white  Foxglove,  the  tall 
white  Daisy  (Pyrethrum  uliginosum),  the  fine  white  garden  form  of 
Campanula  macrantha  and  a  good  quantity  of  grey  foUage,  Rue,  San- 
tolina,  Artemisia  and  Cineraria  maritima.  At  this  end  we  have  no 
yellow — only  purple,  pink  and  white.  At  both  extreme  ends  the  border 
is  a  little  raised,  and  there  we  have  groups  of  Yucca;  the  taUer  Yucca 
gloriosa  and  Yucca  recurva,  and  the  shorter  growing  Yucca  filamentosa; 
telling  objects  when  seen  from  a  distance  or  from  either  end.  There 
are  many  other  plants  in  the  border,  but  only  enough  are  mentioned 
to  illustrate  the  method  of  colouring,  and  even  those  only  as  a  sugges- 
tion, for  you  may  have  others  that  in  your  own  gardens  may  do  the 
same  work  better  and  be  more  easily  available. 

As  it  is  not  possible  to  have  any  one  border  fuU  of  bloom  for  the 
whole  summer,  we  plant  so  that  the  display  begiiis  only  about  the 
middle  of  June  and  is  in  some  sort  of  beauty  till  the  end  of  September. 

There  is  no  attempt  to  have  all  high  plants  at  the  back  of  the 
border;  in  fact  some  of  the  taUest  are  pulled  right  down,  as  I  shaU  hope 
to  describe  in  a  later  article.  The  effect  is  all  the  better  if  something 
tall,  such  as  a  group  of  Hollyhocks,  shoots  up  Hke  a  mountain  peak 
only  here  and  there  along  the  length,  and  it  is  all  the  better  if  some 
plants  of  fair  height  such  as  the  Mulleins  and  Foxgloves  advance  into 
the  middle  of  the  border;  there  should  be  no  monotony  of  evenly 
graded  heights.  I  have  found  the  disadvantage  of  such  monotony 
when  a  special  border  for  September  was  first  made.  It  is  mainly 
for  the  early  Michaelmas  Daisies,  and  though  they  vary  in  height 
from  two  and  a  half  to  seven  feet,  yet  this  was  not  enough,  and  the 
borders,  though  quite  satisfactorily  f uU  of  flower,  had  a  certain  dullness 
of  form.  In  later  years  this  was  remedied  by  some  tall  DahUas  and 
white  Hollyhocks,  and,  best  of  all,  by  a  little  silvery  Willow  that  soon 
went  up  ten  feet  and  had  planted  just  behind  it  a  Clematis  Flammula, 
which  grows  up  through  its  branches  and  flings  down  a  cataract  of 
its  pretty  cream-white  blooms  among  the  purple  Daisies. 


The  front  edge  of  the  main  flower  border  should  also  have  care- 
ful consideration.  The  natural  tendency  is  to  plant  it  with  small 
things,  but  in  a  border  of  considerable  size,  something  of  bold  and  soUd 
appearance  is  helpful.  Here  is  a  chance  for  a  good  use  of  the  Broad- 
leaved  Saxifrages  (Megasea).  The  best  for  foHage  is  the  major  form 
of  Megasea  cordifolia,  with  grand  leathery  leaves  that  stand  all  through 
the  winter.  The  bloom  comes  early  in  the  year  and  is  a  rank  magenta 
pink,  but  it  is  easy  to  cut  it  out.  Then  there  are  the  Funkias;  the 
best  being  the  bright  green-leaved  Funkia  grandiflora  and  the 
glaucous  Funkia  Sieboldii.  Funkia  grandiflora  is  best  placed  where 
there  is  slight  shade  as  the  leaves  are  apt  to  burn  in  hot  sunshine, 
but  Funkia  Sieboldii  has  foliage  of  stouter  build  that  stands  sun  well. 
A  useful  front  edge  plant,  though  not  wide  leaved,  is  the  crested  form 
of  the  Common  Tansy.  The  multiplication  of  the  leaf  divisions  seems 
to  intensity  the  colour  of  the  whole  plant  whose  feathery  masses  are 
of  a  splendid  deep  green.  But  the  bloom  stems  should  be  carefully 
cut  out  and  the  leaf  tufts  themselves  cut  back  at  least  once  in  the 
summer,  in  order  to  keep  it  in  good  form  and  under  a  foot  in  height. 

There  are  many  useful  ways  of  arranging  and  contriving  that 
have  come  to  my  mind  from  time  to  time  during  many  years'  work 
among  flowering  plants — ^work  which  stimulates  invention  and  the  de- 
vising of  means  to  meet  the  various  needs  that  are  constantly  occurring. 
These  I  shall  hope  to  say  something  about  in  a  later  article. 

How  To  Start  Beekeeping 

Letitia  E.  Wright,  Jr. 

After  deciding  to  keep  bees,  purchase  your  hive  with  its  colony 
of  bees  from  a  reUable  Bee-keeper.  Ask  for  Italian  bees,  as  they  resist 
disease  better  than  the  black  or  the  hybrid  bees,  and  are  the  most 
popular  bees  in  this  country,  although  Carniolans  are  bred  in  some 
places  here.  The  Carniolans  are  very  gentle  but  given  to  excessive 
swarming,  and  this  with  their  black  color,  which  makes  them  hard 
to  distinguish  from  the  German  or  black  bee,  has  kept  them  from 
the  popularity  they  might  otherwise  have  gained.  The  German  bees 
build  very  beautiful  combs,  and  cap  the  section  boxes  over  with  the 
whitest  of  wax;  but  they  are  nervous  and  excitable  when  their  hive 
is  opened,  and  they  do  not  resist  disease  as  well  as  the  Italians  do. 

Do  not  buy  your  bees  from  too  great  a  distance,  nor  yet  from  too 
near  home.  In  the  first  place  unless  you  are  going  to  get  something 
better  than  you  could  obtain  nearer,  you  are  running  a  risk  of  losing 
many  bees  on  the  way.    Bees  suffer  for  air  and  water  when  they  are 

8 


shut  in  too  long.  Of  course  a  good  Bee-keeper  would  pack  his  bees 
up  for  shipping  so  they  would  not  suffer  for  a  reasonable  time,  but 
in  these  days  no  one  can  estimate  the  length  of  time  it  will  take  an 
article  to  reach  its  destination.  If  on  the  other  hand  you  buy  your 
bees  from  a  near  neighbor,  you  will  loose  half  of  those  you  buy,  for 
bees  are  like  homing  pigeons  and  all  the  old  ones  will  return  home. 
About  three  miles  radius  is  the  average  range  of  the  bees,  but  they 
can  go  a  greater  distance.  Three  miles  away  is  far  enough  to  purchase 
bees  safely.  Then  when  they  are  Hberated  the  surroundings  even 
when  the  bees  are  high  in  the  air  are  so  changed,  that  they  will  mark 
their  new  location  carefully  before  flying  out  to  the  fields,  and  thus 
return  to  their  new  home.  If  bought  from  a  very  near  neighbor,  or 
moved  a  short  distance,  the  general  surroundings  are  so  famihar  that 
the  old  bees,  with  the  cares  of  the  hive  on  their  shoulders,  and  the 
instinct  of  labor  inherited  for  so  many  thousands  of  years,  fly  out  to 
work,  mount  in  the  air  and  seeing  trees,  mountains,  or  streams  as 
the  case  may  be,  much  as  usual  fail  to  note  the  short  distance  the  hive 
has  been  moved.  They  gather  their  loads  in  distant  fields  and  fly 
home,  only  to  find  the  spot  where  their  hive  stood,  vacant,  and  bare. 
Then  the  poor  bees  gather  disconsolately  at  the  spot,  and  if  there  is 
no  hive  at  hand  they  perish.  If  there  is  a  hive  very  close  at  hand 
and  the  bees  have  nectar  they  will  go  to  this  hive  in  safety.  If  it 
happens  to  be  a  time  of  dearth,  or  the  end  of  a  honey  flow,  and  they 
come  empty  handed  to  a  strange  hive,  they  will  be  killed  by  the  senti- 
nel bees. 

For  the  reason  that  bees  are  difi&cult  to  move  you  must  consider 
carefully  where  your  hive  is  to  be  placed.  If  you  have  a  number  of 
places  to  choose  from,  find  the  spot  where  the  hive  will  be  sheltered 
from  the  prevaiUng  winter  winds.  Place  it  facing  south  with  the  ground 
sloping  away  from  it  and  with  woods,  hedge,  or  stone  wall  in  the  rear 
as  wind  break;  but  first  consider  whether  this  place,  so  suitable  for  the 
bees,  is  going  to  interfere  with  your  children,  your  neighbors,  your 
garden,  your  am'mals  or  the  public  highway.  If  your  bees  are  going 
to  interfere  with  any  of  the  above,  do  not  hesitate  to  place  them 
elsewhere,  as  it  will  be  easier  than  placing  them  first  and  moving  them 
later.  An  artificial  wind  break  of  boards  or  corn  stalks  can  be  made 
for  hives  which  are  placed  in  exposed  positions.  It  is  of  course  only 
necessary  to  have  a  wind  break  in  cold  weather. 

If  the  yard  of  the  prospective  beekeeper  is  too  small  for  the  hive, 
the  children,  and  the  clothes  hne,  place  the  hive  on  the  roof  of  the 
garage  or  house.  This  will  ehminate  contentions,  one  of  the  greatest 
difl&culties  of  bee-keeping  at  close  quarters.  One  of  Solon's  laws, 
made  in  the  sixth  century  B.  C,  dealt  with  the  placing  of  hiyes.   It 


was  deemed  unlawful  then  to  place  hives  nearer  your  neighbor  than 
300  feet. 

Improving  the  stock  in  an  apiary  is  very  easy,  as  there  are  many 
queen  breeders  all  over  the  United  States,  and  queens  can  be  mailed 
to  you  by  first  class  mail.  In  this  way  the  queen  bee  and  her  retinue 
in  their  tiny  cage,  come  to  your  very  door  by  the  fastest  and  surest 
method.  A  bee-keeper  can  easily  change  the  whole  character  of  an 
apiary  by  introducing  pure  bred  queens.  If  he  kills  a  Black  queen 
and  introduces  a  Golden  Italian  queen,  it  will  be  almost  a  month  before 
any  yellow  bees  appear.  At  first  there  will  seem  very  few,  then,  as 
the  days  pass  they  will  increase  in  number  and  the  Blacks  decrease 
until  all  the  bees  in  that  hive  are  yellow.  A  beginner  in  apiculture 
should  not  attempt  this,  unless  under  the  personal  supervision  of 
one  who  has  had  practical  experience. 

After  the  hive  of  bees  is  bought  it  is  necessary  to  get  the  following 
equipment: — 

I  Pair  of  bee  gloves 

I  Black  veil 

I  Smoker,  a  devise  for  blowing  smoke 

1  Hive  tool,  (a  screw  driver  will  do.) 

I  Extra  hive  complete,  ready  to  house  a  swarm  should  the  new 

hive  of  bees  cast  one. 
3  Supers,  with  section  boxes,  each  box  with  a  full  sheet  of 

foundation. 

A  super  is  an  additional  story  to  the  hive  and  is  where  the  honey 
we  eat  is  stored.  The  lower  part  of  the  hive  is  called  the  hive  body, 
and  in  it  the  queen  lives,  and  deposits  her  eggs  in  some  of  the  wax 
cells,  the  worker  bees  deposit  honey  in  the  cells  surrounding  those 
with  the  eggs  in  them.  This  is  to  insure  food  close  at  hand  when  the 
young  bee  emerges  from  her  cell.  In  the  super  there  are  no  eggs,  only 
honey. 

A  section  box  is  one  of  those  Kttle  wooden  boxes  that  comb  honey 
comes  in. 

A  sheet  of  foundation  is  a  thin  piece  of  bees-wax,  pressed  by  ma- 
chinery into  hexagonal  markings.  On  this  foundation,  the  bees  build 
their  comb  on  each  side.  This  insures  a  perfect  comb  and  a  more 
saleable  article,  than  when  the  bees  build  combs  without  foundation. 

If  you  should  Hve  in  a  neighborhood  of  many  fruit  trees,  your  bees 
may  gather  a  surplus  crop  of  honey  from  the  orchards  and  you  will 
have  to  place  a  super  on  your  hive  at  the  time  the  orchards  are  in 
bloom,  or  your  bees  will  not  have  sufiicient  room  and  will  swarm. 

10 


If  there  are  only  scattered  fruit  trees,  or  the  weather  is  cold  at  the 
time  they  bloom,  there  will  be  no  surplus  honey,  for  the  bees  will 
need  all  for  their  numerous  young. 

In  working  -vvath  bees,  care  should  be  taken  that  }-our  veil  be 
secure  and  tight.  Bees  crawl  under  and  up  as  do  flies  in  a  trap,  and 
a  veil  that  traps  bees  is  most  disconcerting  to  a  beginner.  A  man 
will  find  bicycle  cHps  on  his  trousers  a  great  protection,  and  the  cos- 
tume of  the  Woman's  Land  Army,  worn  with  the  smock  tucked  in 
or  tied  tightly  about  the  waist  is  a  good  way  for  a  woman  to  dress. 
It  is  best  to  work  with  bees  about  the  middle  of  the  day,  or  at  least 
when  it  is  warm  and  sunny,  and  above  all  when  there  is  nectar  in  the 
flowers.  The  bees  then  are  in  a  good  himior  and  one  can  very  often 
work  without  gloves.  Light  colored  cotton  clothes  are  recommended 
because  the  work  is  warm  and  because  the  bees  prefer  them  to  dark 
colors.    Woolen  materials  attract  stings. 

Before  opening  a  hive,  blow  a  httle  smoke  in  at  the  entrance,  and 
tap  several  times  on  the  hive.  This  disorganizes  and  confuses  the  bees 
so  that  they  do  not  take  so  much  notice  of  you  when  you  open  it. 
Stand  to  one  side  or  behind  the  hive  so  you  will  not  interfere  with  the 
bees  flpng  to  and  from  the  fields.  Then  pry  the  Hd  off  gently.  Avoid 
sudden  or  quick  motions  when  working  vrith.  bees.  When  the  Hd  is 
lifted  quantities  of  these  little  insects  will  be  seen  crawHng  about  in 
the  hive,  and  many  will  fly  up  in  the  air,  and  about  your  head.  Do 
not  try  to  dodge  them,  nor  slap  at  them  with  your  hand;  just  ignore 
them,  and  gently  pry  one  of  the  end  frames  loose  so  it  can  be  lifted 
out.  In  ever}'  hive  body  there  are  eight  or  ten  frames,  holding  a 
large  comb,  and  in  these  combs  the  life  history  of  the  bee  can  be  seen 
and  studied,  step  by  step,  through  the  various  stages  of  its  develop- 
ment, ^■yter  examining  the  hive,  if  it  is  found  necessary  to  have  a  super, 
place  one  on  top  of  the  hive  body,  and  the  lid  on  top  of  that.  In  a 
week  look  at  the  bees  again,  and  if  the  cells  are  being  capped  with  wax, 
along  the  upper  part  of  the  combs  in  the  super,  it  is  time  for  a  second 
super.  This  time  it  is  placed  between  the  hive  body  and  the  first 
super,  instead  of  on  top.  When  again  time  for  a  third  super,  it  is 
placed  just  over  the  hive  body,  with  the  two  former  supers  on  top. 
When  it  is  time  to  take  the  honey  away,  or  as  soon  as  the  first  super 
is  finished,  and  the  cells  all  sealed  with  wax,  a  de\ise,  called  a  honey 
board,  is  shpped  betw-een  the  top  and  lower  super.  In  this  honey  board 
is  a  trap,  which  prevents  the  bees  from  going  into  the  super,  but 
allows  those  in  it  to  escape.  If  the  board  is  left  on  the  hive  for  twenty- 
four  hours  or  more  all  the  bees  wiQ  leave,  and  the  super  can  be  carried 
into  the  house.  Here  the  boxes  can  be  pried  apart  and  put  away, 
?iot  in  the  refrigerator  but  in  a  warm,  dry  place,  protected  from  mice, 

II 


flies,  ants  and  bees.   The  bees  will  come  after  their  honey  and  carry 
it  all  back  to  their  hive  again  if  they  can  find  it. 

And  who  can  blame  them  for  this  when  Zeus  himseK  gave  them 
the  privilege  of  carrying  it  from  Mt.  Olympus  and  storing  it  away. 
When  an  infant,  Zeus  was  hidden  by  his  mother  on  the  Island  of  Crete 
and  cared  for  there  by  the  nymph  Mehssa,  who  fed  him  on  goats' 
milk  and  honey.  The  honey,  "nectar  of  the  Gods",  was  carried  drop 
by  drop  from  Mt.  Olympus  to  baby  Zeus  by  the  faithful  bees  and  it 
was  for  this  service  that  he  rewarded  them.  We  can  always  remember 
the  nymph  and  her  connection  with  bees  because  the  honey  bee  has 
been  called  Apis  Mellifica,  after  Melissa. 

The  following  notes  may  be  useful  to  the  prospective  bee-keeper: 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
Bureau  of  Entomology 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Bulletins  for  free  distribution: 
Farmers  Bui.  447,  Bees 

"  "    503,  Comb  Honey 

"  "    653,  Honey  and  its  Uses  in  the  Home, 

"  **    695,  Outdoor  Wintering  of  Bees 

Bee- Journals  Published  in  the  United  States 
American  Bee  Journal,  Hamilton,  111. 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture,  Medina,  Ohio. 
Domestic  Beekeeper,  North  Star,  Mich. 
The  Western  Honey  Bee,  Covena,  Cal. 
Beekeeper^ s  Item,  New  Braunfels,  Texas. 

Books  of  Interest  to  Beekeepers 

ABC  and  XYZ  of  Bee  Culture,  A.  I.  and  E.  R.  Root 

Beekeeping,  E.  F.  Phillips 

Productive  Beekeeping,  F.  C.  Pellet 

Short  Courses  in  Beekeeping 

School  of  Horticulture  for  Women,  Ambler,  Pa. 

Short  courses  with  practical  work  starts  in  April,  also  during  the  winter 

at  University  of  Missouri,  Columbia,  Mo.,  New  York  State  College  of 

Agriculture,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  and  Ontario  Agricultural  College,  Guelph,  Ont. 


The  Kew  Flagstaff 

Extensive  preparations  are  being  made  for  the  erection  of  this 
gigantic  flagstaff.  Experts  have  been  engaged  for  the  work,  and  it  is 
hoped  that  it  will  be  up  in  a  few  weeks'  time.  This  magnificent  speci- 
men of  Douglas  Fir,  which  is  214  feet  long,  will  arouse  great  interest 
when  it  is  erected,  as  it  is  the  largest  flagstaff  in  the  world. — The  Garden. 

12 


My  Garden 

Anne  Higginson  Spicer,  Garden  Club  of  Illinois 

Sometime  this  March — I  wish  I  remembered  the  date — my  little 
garden  will  come  of  age.  This  coming  of  age  in  a  human  being  is 
general!}'  a  time  for  a  sort  of  stock-taking;  the  parents  of  the  twenty- 
one  year  old  are  permitted  to  become  reminiscently  historical,  even 
sentimentally  lyric ! 

The  editor  of  the  Bulletin  has  asked  me  to  be  the  former,  but  has 
exphcitly  denied  me  the  pri\-ilege  of  the  latter,  which  is  of  course  the 
easier  way  for  one  to  write  of  what  one  loves.  If  what  remains  after 
the  impulse  toward  lyricism  is  extracted  be  a  mere  skeleton  of  as- 
sembled facts,  blame  her,  not  me. 

Twenty-one  years  ago,  then,  a  certain  woman  started  her  garden 
in  what  was  a  piece  of  native  prairie  woodland.  Although  within  the 
limits  of  a  suburban  town,  there  were  no  houses  near,  no  road  was  cut 
through,  and  conditions  seemed  quite  ideally  primitive.  A  lot  loo 
by  175  feet  may  seem  an  immense  estate,  if  there  is  nothing  to  limit 
the  view.  Later  on  as  houses  crept  in  upon  us,  the  lot  has  appeared  to 
dwindle  and  dwindle.  I  am  correspondingly  glad  (undwindlingly!) 
that  the  inspiration  of  work  I  had  liked  of  Frederick  Law  Olmstead's, 
and,  nearer  home,  of  Mr.  Symonds,  led  me  to  conserve  every  possible 
sprig  of  the  lovely  native  shrubs  we  found  on  the  place. 

Lea\dng  quite  a  thicket  between  us  and  the  part  of  the  next  lot 
to  the  south  where  a  house  might  conceivably  be  built,  I  had  a  team 
come  and  plough  a  broad  cur\dng  border  in  front  of  this  thicket. 
This  was  the  beginning  of  what  is  still  my  garden  border.  A  sturdy 
colored  boy  with  a  spade  (he  is  still  my  gardener)  and  a  sturdy 
young  woman  with  a  shovel  (who  is  still  my  head  gardener)  pro- 
ceeded to  steal  from  the  neighboring  woods  attractive  and  well- 
shaped  Httle  thorn-trees,  kinnikinnik,  \dbumum,  and,  trickiest  of 
all,  a  number  of  small  sassafras  trees.  These  were  planted  wher- 
ever the  thicket  looked  straggly,  and  across  the  front  of  the  lot  as 
a  hedge. 

For  a  year  the  woman  nursed  and  tended  her  beginning  of  a  garden, 
experimenting  with  vegetables  in  the  low  border,  and  filling  all  the 
thickets  with  T^ild  flower-roots  from  all  through  Cook  County.  This 
experience  was  invaluable,  as  she  learned  that  while  the  wdld-flowers 
took  to  the  spot  jo}^ully,  it  needed  drainage  before  seeds  would  grow ; 
so  the  back  of  the  lot  was  all  tile-drained,  and  the  long  border  dug 
out  below  clay  level,  a  layer  of  brickbats,  ashes,  bottles  and  tin-cans 
put  in  (because  they  were  cheaper  than  gravel,  being  like  the  poor, 
always  with  us),  the  clay  was  broken,  mixed  with  manure  and  reset 

13 


in  the  bed,  and  the  black  soil  replaced.  Then  the  few  cherished  peren- 
nials, gifts  from  father's  and  grandfather's  gardens,  and  those  begged, 
borrowed  atid  almost  stolen  from  friends,  were  set  out  by  the  hands 
of  the  young  woman.  From  that  day  to  this  she  has  never  allowed 
any  other  hands  to  plant  a  seed  or  a  root  in  the  garden,  and  very 
seldom  has  any  other  hand  done  any  of  the  weeding. 

(Of  course  her  own  hands  were  a  sight  years  ago  and  she  has  won 
a  reputation  for  crankiness  among  all  the  temporary  gardeners  who 
have  tried  to  work  for  her  in  the  interregna  when  the  original  and 
only  Lawrence  has  been  iU  or  reft  from  her  by  the  war.) 

Now,  as  Daisy  Ashford  would  probably  put  it,  we  wiU  skip  twenty- 
one  years. 

The  garden  has  had  its  ups  and  downs.  It  once  spread  out  for 
six  years  into  twice  its  size,  when  the  corner  lot  was  added,  then  di- 
minished again  when  the  comer  lot  was  built  on  and  sold.  During 
five  years  tenants  held  sway  while  the  woman  gardener  was  in  tem- 
porary exile — BUT — and  this  is  to  my  thinking  her  greatest  triumph, 
the  native  wild  flowers  have  estabhshed  themselves,  and  bloom  as 
faithfully  as  though  they  were  not  in  the  midst  of  a  busy,  well-drained 
little  suburb,  ahd  the  general  layout  of  the  beds  and  borders,  although 
modified  here  and  there,  is  basically  the  same. 

Little  miracles  have  happened.  Twelve  roots  of  Mertensia,  brought 
from  the  Desplaines  River  bottoms  at  Riverside  have  spread  so  that 
they  make  a  sheet  of  blue  that  is  worth  a  special  trip  to  see,  and  last 
year  a  sign  in  the  village  post  office  resulted  in  friends  with  baskets 
carrying  away  thirty-five  dozen  husky  roots,  without  any  evidences 
that  the  place  had  been  disturbed.  TriUiums,  Hepaticas,  Jacks-in-the 
Pulpit — no  use  enumerating.  They  all  flourish,  and  from  the  Shadberry 
and  wild  Plum  through  the  gamut  of  Viburnum,  various  Dogwoods 
and  Thorns,  wild  Cherry  and  Crab  until  late  June  brings  the  Elder 
blossoms,  there  is  always  white  bloom  in  the  thicket. 

In  the  borders  and  the  beds  at  the  rear  of  the  lot,  from  late  Feb- 
bruaty,  when  Eranthis  hiemalis  once  hfted  golden  cups  through  the 
snow  on  Washington's  birthday,  tUl  late  November's  last  Chrysanthe- 
mum has  opened,  there  is  always  bloom  in  the  httle  garden. 

I  shall  not  make  a  list  of  what  bulbs  and  perennials  and  annuals  I 
have  used  in  these  twenty-one  years.  Take  the  catalogue  alphabetical- 
ly, and  choose  every  other  one  listed,  and  you  will  get  a  fair  idea. 
As  I  grow  older  I  experiment  less,  for  the  garden  is  a  shady  one  and 
many  things  that  do  not  do  well  I  have  eliminated. 

Lest  I  be  accused  of  catering  only  to  the  aesthetic,  let  me  assure 
the  scoffer  that  I  have  currant  bushes  to  make  enough  jelly  for  my 
family,  and  a  dozen  Industry  gooseberry  bushes,  a  tiny  strawberry 

14 


patch,  a  cherry  tree,  and  a  small  kitchen  garden  in  which  I  raise  every 
thing  we  need  except  corn  and  peas,  and  often  have  things  to  give 
away.  I  neglected  to  say  that  my  perennials  may  point  wnth  pride 
to  their  offspring  and  grand  offspring  in  half  the  gardens  in  town. 
Wheelbarrow-loads  depart  ever>'  spring,  especially  of  Iris,  which  loves 
this  soil  so  that  they  w:ould  overrim  the  place.  The  ordinary  Prim- 
roses, too,  I  di\dde  and  subdixdde  indefinitely. 

The  amount  of  grass  space  about  the  house  has  decreased  as  the 
years  have  increased,  because  I  have  kept  adding  more  beds  and  making 
the  old  ones  bigger.  I  would  rather  have  flowers  than  grass  any  day. 
Of  course  this  has  increased  my  work,  as  no  man  may  touch  these 
beds.  I  will  not  even  let  any  man  trim  the  edges  (they  do  it  so  dis- 
gustingly symmetrically)  though  my  ideal  method  is  to  do  the  edging 
and  weeding,  wdth  a  man  with  rake  and  wheelbarrow  following  after 
to  pick  up  the  refuse.  All  this  refuse,  of  course,  goes  into  a  hidden 
comer  to  be  spaded  into  beds  the  following  spring. 

You  may  have  guessed  by  this  time  that  this  is  not  a  very  ex- 
pensive little  garden.  I  am  rather  severe  with  myself  and  only  allow 
myself  so  much,  no  more.  When  the  garden  was  a  baby  this  was 
necessary.  WTien  I  came  back  to  it  after  the  war  broke  out,  it  seemed 
wicked  to  spend  money  on  one's  own  pleasure,  and  now — I  hope  I'm 
not  miserly,  but  I  have  got  into  the  habit  of  garden  economy. 

I  allow  myself  a  half-day  a  week  of  Lawrence's  time,  except  in 
case  of  tremendous  emergency — as  for  example  the  \dsit  of  the  Gar- 
den Club — when  he  and  I  scratched  roimd  excitedly  for  days.  I 
aUow  myself  ten  dollars  for  new  bulbs  each  year,  and  each  year  I  try 
a  few  expensive  new  perennials  (as  for  example.  Campanula  Marian 
Gehring,  seventy-five  cents  and  well  worth  it!  There  are  five  Httle 
Marians  now.  Mother  was  a  hybrid,  so  had  to  be  root-divided!) 
Five  dollars  easily  covers  seeds.  Allowing  then  ten  dollars  a  month 
for  Lawrence — and  this  includes  the  grass-cutting,  which  he  accom- 
phshes  hke  a  Marathon  race,  in  order  to  get  at  the  ''real  gardening", 
and  allowing  six  months  of  gardening  weather,  it  is  easy  to  make  the 
entire  care  and  expense  of  a  Httle  garden  like  mine  come  well  under 
a  hundred  dollars  a  year. 

The  reason  I  go  into  these  sordid  details  is,  that  any  woman  with 
a  little  initiative  should  not  deprive  herself  of  a  garden  because  of 
the  cost.  I  know  I  could  sell  perennials  enough  to  pay  a  good  part  of 
this  expense  if  need  were.  Many  a  woman,  too,  will  waste  a  hundred 
dollars  on  a  lot  of  fooHshness  that  will  not  bring  the  health  and  hap- 
piness a  little  garden  brings.  Of  course,  it  is  work.  I  cannot  systema- 
tize the  work.  There  are  weeks  when  except  for  pulling  a  weed  here 
and  there  and  patting  things,  I  need  not  touch  the  garden.  There  are 

15 


frantic  days  when  I  work  from  morning  till  night,  just  as  the  house- 
keeper will  have  frantic  days  of  decorating  and  cleaning.  There  are 
catastrophic  days  when  I  rise  at  dawn,  or  go  out  in  the  rain  by  the 
hght  of  the  porch  lamp  to  tie  things  up  after  storms,  just  as  there  are 
nights  when  you  stay  awake  with  baby's  croup. 

A  garden  is  a  Uving  thing  to  be  loved  and  you  cannot  love  by  rule. 
But  it  repays  for  every  bit  of  care  a  thousandfold. 

List  of  Naturalized  Wild  Flowers 
(All  Natives  of  Cook  County,  Illinois) 


Hepaticas 

Vines 

Claytonia  Virginica 

Bttter  Sweet 

Smilacema  racemosa  and  stellata 

Wild  Grape 

Jack-in-the-Pulpit 

Wild  Smilax 

Green  Dragon 

Menospermum 

Sweet  Ctcely 

Red  Honeysuckle 

Wtnd  Anemone 

Buttercups 
Asarum 

Shrubs 
Vibernum 

Bloodroot 

Dogwood    {four  varieties) 

Rue  Anemone 

Wild  Rose 

Blue  Phlox 

Elder 

White  Dog-tooth  Violets 

Wild  Plum 

Yellow  Violets 

Wild  Cherry 

Blue  Violets 

Wild  Crab 

Mitella     {three  varieties) 

Shad  Bush 

Whiti  Trillium     {two  varieties) 

Hazel 

Wake  Robins     (Dark  Red  Trillium) 

Sassafras 

Dutchman's  Breeches 

Feb^s 

Squirrel  Corn 

Royal 

Interrupted 

Osmunda 

Uvularia 
Twin-leaf 

Ajuga  Replans 
Dodocatheon 

Maiden  Hair 

Columbine 

Native  Trees 

Wild  Geranium 

Elm  {two  varieties) 

Mertensia 

Cottonwood 

Lobelia  syphilitica 

White  Oak 

Pentstemon  Barbalus 

Mulberry  {self  sown) 

Butter  and  Eggs 

Thorn  {three  varieties) 

Blue  Cohosh 

Sumach  {two  varieties) 

Eellenium 

Rudbeckia  {three  varieties) 

Cultivated  Shrubs 

Eupatorium  Ageratoides 

{three  varieties) 

Spiraea  Van  Houttet 

Joe  Pye  Weed 

Common  Lilac 

Golden  Rod  {five  varieties) 

Cut-leaved  Persian  Lilac 

Blue  Aster  {six  varieties) 

Forsythia  suspensa 

Michaelmas  Asters — white 

{four  varieties) 

Flowering  Almond 

Some  Late-Blooming  Peonies 

Mrs.  Edward  Harding. 

It  gives  me  much  pleasure  to  send  you  a  list  of  late-blooming 
Peonies  for  pubHcation  in  the  Bulletin  or  the  Garden  Club  of 
America,  This  Hst  of  fifteen  is  made  for  the  benefit  of  those  gardeners 
who,  for  various  reasons,  cannot  have  the  earlier  varieties,  but  would 
not  miss  the  Peony  season  entirely. 

All  of  these  roots,  except  Solange,  are  of  moderate  cost.  Solange, 
however,  is  so  wonderfully  beautiful  and  of  such  rare  colouring  that 
I  have  included  it. 

16 


The  thick  overlapping  petals  of  Solange  are  of  deep  cream — the 
heavy  cream  of  a  Jersey  thoroughbred —  with  a  tinge  of  amber  shading 
throughout,  and  at  the  heart  is  a  bewitching  touch  of  salmon  pink. 
If  I  might  have  but  six  Peonies  Solange  would  surely  be  one — maybe 
two! 

I  want  to  call  attention  also  to  Gismonda.  This  Peony  does  not 
seem  to  be  very  well  known,  which  is  a  pity,  for  it  has  much  distinction 
as  well  as  beauty.  The  flower  is  large,  full,  and  deliciously  fragrant. 
The  individual  petals  are  wide  and  deep,  and  the  cut  bloom  lasts  well. 
The  colouring  is  a  joy — the  upper  half  of  the  flower  being  a  deep 
flesh  pink  and  the  lower  half  palest  rose.  It  is  one  of  my  favorite 
Peonies  and  I  am  increasing  the  number  in  my  garden  as  rapidly  as 
may  be. 

Grandiflora  is,  of  course,  well  known,  and  its  extreme  lateness 
gives  it  an  added  value.  Its  bending  stems,  which  are  a  draw-back 
in  the  garden,  make  it  a  most  graceful  and  amenable  subject  for  use 
as  a  cut  flower.  In  disbudding  Grandiflora  it  is  a  good  plan  to  leave 
one  lateral  bud  in  addition  to  the  terminal.  Then  when  the  terminal 
has  expanded  into  a  large  soft  mass  of  exquisite  pink,  the  lateral  bud 
is  beside  it,  half-grown,  graceful  and  of  a  fine  elongated  form. 

Mireille  is  a  white  peony  of  exceptional  beauty.  The  plant  is  tall 
and  robust,  with  strong  stems  and  large  dark  green  leaves.  The  flower 
is  creamy  white,  with  a  rosy  tint  in  the  centre  for  a  short  time  after 
opening.  The  petals  are  of  such  a  wonderful  substance  and  so  charm- 
ingly arranged  that  the  bloom  seems  to  have  been  carved  out  of  solid 
ivory.  Mireille  does  best  in  cool  and  cloudy  weather.  It  dislikes  heat, 
and  fails  in  unseasonably  warm  weather. 

Milton  Hill  is  one  of  the  world's  great  Peonies.  The  flower  is 
large  (I  have  had  blooms  eight  inches  in  diameter  on  plants  a  year 
old)  and  the  petals  are  well  arranged.  The  colour  is  a  very  rich,  soft 
pink,  which  excels  the  colour  of  both  La  France  and  Venus  in  loveli- 
ness. The  plant  is  shapely,  the  foliage  beautiful  and  unusual.  Milton 
Hill  shares  with  Mireille  a  dislike  for  unseasonably  hot  weather. 

For  the  sake  of  brevity  I  have  placed  only  short  descriptions  after 
the  names  of  the  other  ten  peonies  on  the  list.  All  are  valuable  addi- 
tions to  the  garden. 

PINK 

1.  Albert  Crousse  (Crousse) 

Medium  light  pink,  large  and  full,  tall,  free  bloomer. 

2.  Gismonda  (Crousse) 

Two  shades  of  light  pink,  very  fragrant,  excellent  for  cutting. 

J.      Grandiflora  (Richardson) 

Palest  pmk,  large  flat  bloom,  very  late,  especially  fine  for  cutting. 

17 


4-    Mme.  Boulanger  (Crousse) 

Large  full  flower.  Glossy  pink.  Beautiful  and  inexpensive. 

5.  Milton  Hill  (Richardson) 

Large  bloom  of  soft  flesh  colour.  Beautiful  form.  Very  fine  for  cutting. 

6.  Sarah  Bernhardt  (Lemoine) 

Large  well-formed  flower  of  moderately  deep  pink.    Good  for  both  garden  and  cutting. 

WHITE 

1.  Avalanche  (Crousse) 

Milk  white,  compact,  fragrant  flower.    Very  free  bloomer.    Valuable  for  both  garden  and  cut- 
ting. 

2.  Baroness  Schroeder  (Keiway) 

Globular  flower  of  large  white  petals,  tinged  with  palest  pink.    On  established  plants  this  is  a 
wonderful  flower.  Garden  and  cutting. 

J,     Couronne  d'Or  (Caiot) 

Fine  inexpensive  white.     Full  flower  with  ring  of  golden  stamens  around  centre  tuft  of  petals. 
Good  for  both  garden  and  cutting.  1 

4.  Marie  Lemoine  (Caiot) 

Massive,  compact,  ball-shaped  white  of  great  beauty.    Not  a  tree  bloomer,  but  very  fine  and 
especially  valuable  because  of  its  lateness. 

5.  Mireille  (Crousse) 

Fragrant,  massive,  compact  white.    Tall,  handsome  plant,  foliage  particularly  large  and  strik- 
ing. 

6.  Solange  (Lemoine) 

Cream  white,  tinted  amber  and  salmon.     Most  unusual  and  exquisite  colouring.    Compact 
and  high-built  bloom.     Distractingly  lovely.     No  mere  description  can  do  it  justice. 

RED 

1.  Delachei  (Delache) 

Good  shade  of  red.  Free  bloomer,  good  for  massing,  inexpensive. 

2.  Grover  Cleveland  (Terry) 

Large  compact  flower.    Good  shade  of  red,  and  valuable  because  late.    Not,  however,  one  of 
the  freest  bloomers. 

J.      Rubra  Superba  (Richardson) 

Clear  dark  red.     Very  late.     Valuable  for  colour  and  season,  but  slow  to  get  established  and 
not  a  free  bloomer  on  young  plants. 


Iris  in  the  Hardy  Border 

Anna  Gilman  Hill,  Garden  Club  of  Easthampton 

The  Fleur  de  Lys  has  at  last  come  into  its  own  in  America  and 
with  the  starting  of  the  American  Iris  Society  on  March  29th  it  takes 
its  rightful  place  with  the  Peony,  Dahlia,  Carnation,  Rose,  Gladiolus, 
Sweet  Pea  and  Chrysanthemum,  all  of  which  have  had  their  own 
Societies  of  enthusiastic  admirers.  We  never  expected  to  "root  for 
the  German  Flag",  but  we  have  to  blame  Linnaeus  for  our  seemingly 
verbal  disloyalty  while  the  Peace  Treaty  is  unsigned,  for  it  was  he  who 

18 


in  1743  named  the  Fleur  de  Lys  of  France  the  German  Flag.  We 
cannot  go  back  on  the  Father  of  Botany,  but  we  can  remember  that 
only  three  or  four  varieties  are  correctly  classed  as  Iris  Germanica, 
mainly  the  early  purple  and  its  varieties.  The  other  799  species  (and 
57  genera)  are  from  Asia  and  America,  while  most  of  the  Hybrids 
came  from  England  and  France. 

In  American  Country  Life  for  June,  19 19,  there  was  an  excellent 
monograph  on  the  Iris  by  Mr.  B.  Y.  Morrison;  illustrated  in  colors 
and  covering  just  the  ground  that  we  are  all  so  anxious  to  study.  The 
Classification  of  the  Hybrid  Iris  in  Mr.  Bertram  H.  Farr's  catalogue, 
pages  3  to  18,  are  most  helpful  to  the  bewildered  Iris  student.  In 
"In  My  Garden",  by  Eden  Phillpots,  the  chapters  on  Iris  are  es- 
pecially helpful,  while  for  the  advanced  Iriser,  Mr.  Wister's  papers 
during  the  past  summer  in  the  English  Garden  Magazine  on  new  Iris 
in  the  English  and  French  Nurseries  will  be  found  alluring  Ipiough 
tantalizing  on  account  of  Quarantine  37. 

The  high  water  mark  in  Iris  literature  is  reached  in  the  large 
work  on  Iris  (illustrated  in  color)  by  Mr.  W.  R.  Dykes,  who  carried 
out  the  collecting  and  hybridizing  begun  by  the  late  Sir  Michael 
Foster.  We  dehght  to  see  that  in  the  catalogue  of  Miss  Grace  Sturte- 
vant's  Iris  Garden  at  Wellesley,  Mass.,  she  has  used  the  Ridgeway 
Color  Chart  in  the  description  of  the  standards  and  falls  of  her  seedlings. 
It  is  hoped  that  the  Iris  Society  will  follow  this  method  of  identi- 
fication which  makes  ordering  Iris  from  a  catalogue  a  certain  joy  to 
the  colour  gardener.  Nevertheless  it  is  much  safer,  if  you  care  for 
exact  color,  to  go  yourself  to  the  nurseries  at  Iris  time.  May  15  th  to 
June  15  th,  and  bring  the  plants  home  while  in  bloom. 

Mr.  Clutton-Brock  in  his  inimitable  Studies  in  Gardening  says: 
"There  is  something  strange  and  remote  in  even  so  familiar  a  flower 
as  the  Iris  Germanica.  Its  beauty,  compared  with  the  Rose,  is  like 
the  beauty  of  the  sea  compared  to  the  beauty  of  the  earth.  Every- 
thing about  it  seems  mutable  and  unsubstantial,  as  if  made  for  en- 
chantment and  might  vanish  by  the  same  means.  Iris  colors  are 
liquid  or  cloudy.  It  has  got  its  very  name  from  a  Beauty  of  the  Sky. " 
"Leaves  of  the  Iris  are  of  lasting  beauty;  their  upright  growth  hold 
a  planting  together. " 

German  Iris  are  best  planted  in  long  drifts  in  front  of  feathery 
flowers,  such  as  Hesperis;  or  in  clumps  in  the  center  of  the  border 
associated  with  complimentary  plants  (i.  e.,  those  whose  form  of 
growth  are  a  distinct  contrast  to  the  upright  lines  of  Iris  leaves) 
or  in  irregular  oblong  groups  on  the  lawn,  the  colours  kept  distinct, 
the  darker,  taller  varieties  placed  in  the  rear  groups.  In  the  border 
they  should  have  low  growing,  later  flowering  plants  in  front  of  them, 

19 


such  as  Nepeta,  Delphinium  Chinensis,  Oenothera,  Garden  Pinks 
(Dianthus  phimarius),  Dicentra  spectabilis,  Iberis,  Myosotis,  Sedums 
or  Violas.  Iris  keep  their  handsome  foliage  so  late  that  they  do  not  need 
to  be  hidden  back  of  taller  plants.  Phlox  is  the  best  perennial  to  plant 
near  Iris  for  continuous  bloom  in  the  border.  Given  these  two  val- 
uable plants  in  their  varieties  you  can. keep  your  border  in  fine  bloom 
from  April  until  frost.  They  make  their  debut  with  Iris  Putnila 
Lutea  and  Phlox  Suhulata  Lilacea;  or  Iris  Pumila  Caerulea  and 
Alyssum  Saxatile  {Sutton's  Silver  Queen)  on  April  15th  and  the  finale 
would  be  when  Phlox  {Jean  Barth)  and  the  second  blooming  of  Phlox 
(Antonin  Mercie),  are  cut  down  by  frost  in  October. 

The  predominating  colour  in  a  bed  of  mixed  Iris,  especially  the 
Hybrids,  is  a  curious  tan-mauve,  Hke  the  duller  parts  of  a  fire  opal. 
Beautiful  as  it  is,  it  does  not  register  in  the  border.  We  find  the  best 
planters  use  the  clearer  Iris  in  contrasting  colours,  duets  or  trios, 
keeping  the  greyish- white,  lilac  and  purple  varieties  together;  and 
the  yellows,  bronze-yellows,  pink  and  cream  white  by  themselves. 

Iris  Phcata,  such  as  Madame  Chereau,  though  beautiful  in  detail 
does  not  look  well  with  other  Iris.  Their  tone  is  too  diffused;  they 
are  best  by  themselves  or  with  strong  Oriental  Poppies,  or  used  as 
cut  flowers.  The  Squalens  Group  of  Iris  with  standards  of  copper, 
bronze  or  fawn,  also  do  not  look  well  in  the  ordinary  border  unless 
very  sparingly  used  and  always  with  a  clump  of  good  yellow,  such 
as  Aurea  or  Sherwin  Wright  beside  them.  Never  place  the  Squalens 
Iris  near  the  cool  purple  or  lavenders.  Fortunately  Iris  Germanica 
thrives  on  a  dry  hillside,  bank  or  terrace.  I  find  I  have  best  results 
in  planting  or  dividing  it  immediately  after  flowering.  Divide  every 
three  years.  On  page  45  in  Miss  Jekyll's  Color  in  the  Flower  Garden, . 
there  is  a  description  of  a  border  of  Iris  and  Lupine,  and  a  planting 
plan  which  brings  out  this  very  point;  it  is  well  worth  minute  study. 

Japanese  Iris  is  not  an  ideal  plant  for  the  borders;  it  should  have 
a  special  bed  of  its  own,  a  httle  sunken,  so  as  to  hold  the  summer 
moisture.  They  can  have  a  dressing  of  loam  or  litter  in  the  very  late 
fall  to  fill  up  the  depression  and  keep  the  water  from  setthng  about 
the  rhizomes,  but  this  is  seldom  necessary  except  in  moist  places. 
Wet  in  summer  and  dry  in  winter  is  the  plea  of  the  Kaempferi.  The 
clear-toned  selfs  are  important  for  the  border  from  the  garden  col- 
ourist's  point  of  view.  Therefore  we  must  use  a  few  clumps  of  them 
for  July  blooming  in  front  of  Thalictrum  or  Delphinium  Moerheimi. 
The  deep  blue  of  the  Japanese  Iris  is  too  blue  to  look  well  with  the 
average  July  border  where  there  are  generally  so  many  milky  purples; 
it  needs  white  with  it  or  pale  yellow.  As  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
find  the  shade  of  colour  you  want  from  the  catalogues  I  would  suggest 

20 


that  you  go  in  July  to  the  Nursery  and  select  some  fine  three-petal 
white,  some  clear  violet,  a  deep  plum  and  its  pink-plum  mate,  and 
the  white  one  with  the  mauve  halo.  These  will  go  well  in  the  border, 
if  fed  and  watered.  The  following  are  some  good  combinations  for 
Japanese  Iris: 

Plum  Iris  Kaempferi  with  Pink  Canterbury  Bells,  Mauve  Opium 
Poppies  and  Lavender  Candytuft.  (Keep  all  Violas,  Campanulas 
and  purples  away  from  this  group.) 

Blue  Iris  Kaempferi  with  White  Annual  or  Perennial  Lupine, 
Yellow  Iceland  or  Cahfornia  Poppies  in  front. 

Digitalis  Grandiflora  (Yellow  Foxgloves),  Bella  Donna  Seedling 
Delphinium  with  purple  Iris  Kaempferi,  Veronica  Incana  in  front. 

Clematis  Jackmanii  and  white  Rose  {Gardenia)  with  a  planting 
of  white  and  deep  purple  Iris  Kaempferi  below  it. 

Miss  Jekyll  says  on  Page  3  in  her  Color  in  the  Flower  Garden, 
that  "  to  devise  living  pictures  with  simple  well  known  flowers  is  the 
best  thing  to  do  in  gardening. "  The  following  are  pictures  from  my 
neighbor's  gardens,  as  well  as  my  own,  all  using  Iris  Germanica  as 
the  main  subject. 

I  know  a  border  10  feet  by  60  feet  where  the  Iris  are  planted  in 
irregular  bias  bands  from  back  to  front,  (three  feet  between  the  bands) 
first,  German  Iris  in  pale  blues  for  June,  then  Japanese  Iris  in  sim- 
ilar shades  for  July,  again  German  in  purple  and  three  feet  further 
Japanese,  in  purple.  The  pattern  is  repeated  by  two  white,  a  yellow 
and  a  plum  band,  then  large  bronze  Germans  at  the  end.  Between 
these  bands  are  generous  clumps  of  Phlox,  Anchusa,  Campanulas, 
Delphinium,  HemerocalUs,etc.,but  the  character  is  given  to  the  border 
by  the  irregular  bands  of  flowers  and  foHage  sloping  away  from  the 
grass  path,  and  which  are  decorative,  whether  in  or  out  of  bloom. 
It  is  the  framework  of  the  border.  Note — See  paragraph  on  ''Frame- 
work in  Design,"  on  Page  189,  Studies  in  Gardening,  by  Clutton- 
Brock. 

Another  Iris  picture,  I  know,  is  a  curving  double  terrace  under 
some  low  hanging  branches  of  Dogwood  and  Elm  trees.  The  upper 
terrace  is  planted  with  blue  and  violet  shades  of  Iris,  mostly  the 
PaUida  and  bluish  Neglecta  groups,  with  some  standard  Bechtel's 
Crabs  among  them.  The  lower  terrace  is  planted  with  pale  yellow 
Iris  Flavescens,  Iris  Aurea,  the  pink  Her  Majesty,  pink  and  rose 
Princess  Victoria  Louise  and  Jacquesiana,  maroon,  with  standards 
of  the  French  lilac,  Ludwig  Spathe.  Later  in  the  year  the  terraces 
have  Phlox  and  late  annuals  which  do  not  disturb  the  Iris. 

A  group  of  tall  white  Foxgloves  and  Dropmore  Anchusa  that  I 
know  has  associated  with  it  blue  and  white  Lupine  and  white  Spirea 

21 


Aruncus,  while  in  the  foreground  are  groups  of  tall  Iris  Aurea  and 
the  late  violet  and  purple  Iris  Trojana. 

Wiegelia  Rosea,  the  well  known  shrub,  is  good,  associated  with 
Pallida  Dalmatica  and  Cerastium  as  a  border. 

A  grouping  of  Iris  Mrs.  Neuhronner  (warm  yellow).  Iris  In- 
nocenza  (cream  white)  and  Heuchera  Richardson  and  yellow  Violas 
sings  with  its  unusal  coloring. 

A  background  of  Amsonia  (Tabernaemontanum)  and  Bleeding 
Hearts  {Dicentra  Spectabilis),  with  Iris  Queen  of  May  (Cattleya  pink) 
and  Iris  Innocenza,  and  border  of  white  Violas  is  one  of  our  yearly 
delights. 

Anchusa  Opal  (pure  hght  blue)  and  Iris  FlaDcscens  and  Iris  In- 
nocenza are  a  thrilling  combination. 

Thahctrum  foHage  is  particularly  beautiful  with  Iris,  and  clumps 
of  Columbine,  especially  the  late  flowering  Chrysantna,  are  most 
valuable  neighbors  for  Iris. 

Iris  Queen  of  May  (Cattleya  pink)  with  Iris  Flavescens  (pale 
canary)  bordered  by  Phlox  Didaricata  Laphami  and  Alyssum  Saxatile 
{Siher  Queen). 

Other  good  combinations  are: 

Iris  Rose  Unique  (Farr  Hybrid  .75)  with  Kochii,  plum-colored, 
both  early.   Keep  these  away  from  the  common  purple  Iris. 

Clematis  Recta  (the  foam  white  bush  Clematis,  blooming  in 
June  and  July)  with  the  latest  Iris,  such  as  Trojana  or  blue  Iris 
Siherica  or  Black  Prince. 

Iris  Orientalis  Snow  Queen  (an  entirely  separate  species  of  Iris) 
with  Bella  Donna  Seedling  Larkspurs. 

Iris  Pumila,  Snow  Cup,  in  front  of  Gesnerianna  TuHps. 

For  the  beginner  in  Iris  collecting  we  have  compiled  this  an- 
thology of  the  best  varieties  of  the  older  less  expensive  Iris.  These 
range  from  $1.50  to  $2.50  a  dozen,  except  where  noted,  whereas 
often  the  rare  hybrids  are  justly  priced  at  $10.00  or  $25.00  apiece. 
But  with  Iris,  the  most  beautiful  are  not  always  the  most  expen- 
sive and  no  hybrid  has  ever  been  found  more  superb  and  yet  ethe- 
real than  the  true  Pallida  Dalmatica. 

GARDEN    IRIS 

Best  Pinkish: 

Her  Majesty,  24  inches  high,  nearest  pink $  .35 

Queen  ofMay^z     "        "    as 

Wyotnissing,  creamy  white  and  pink 75 

Rose  Unique,  early 75 

Pinkish  Lavender: 

Lohengrin,  tall 50 

Best  Purple: 

A/wr^at,  early,  30  inches  high 25 

Best  Dark  and  Light  Violet: 

Crusader,  deep  bluish  violet  (Ridgeway  Color  Chart) 1.25 

Orijlamme,  42  inches  in  height  (Bobbink  &  Atkins) r  .  00 

22 


Best  White: 

La  Neige  and  Kashmir  are  veiy  expensive  and  rare. 

Innocema,  pure  white,  unmarked,  yellow  beard. 

Mrs.  Darwin,  white  purple  veins,  24  inches. 

Florentina,  grey  white. 
Best  Yellow: 

Aurea,  2  feet  (Clear  yellow,  unmarked) 25 

Mrs.  Newbronner 35 

Shermin  Wright 50 

Flavescens,  exquisite  pale  canary 25 

Best  Yellow  marked  with  Rose: 

Princess  Victoria  Louise 50 

Darius,  20  inches 25 

Best  Yellow  and  Maroon: 

Maori  King,  i&  inches 25 

Best  Light  Violet: 

Pallida  Dalmatica,  40  inches  high.  The  true  variety  hard  to  get,  but  all  the  Pallida  Hybrids 
are  desirable  and  among  our  finest  Iris 35 

Cengialti,  sweet  scented,  24  inches 25 

The  following  table  gives  the  approximate  time  of  blooming  and 
is  taken  from  records  kept  at  Beech  Gate  during  the  past  i8  years. 

The  date  would  be  a  fortnight  later  for  Boston  or  the  Eastern 
end  of  Long  Island. 

April  15th  JrisPumila 

April  isth  "    Intermedia 

April  20th  "    Germanica  Type  {Early  Purple) 

April  20th  "    Florentina 

May  ist  "    G.  Variety  Kharput 

"      "        "     Kochii 

"     "        "      Flavescens 
May  15  th  Most  of  the  Hybrid  Germanicas 

May  15  th  "    Tectorum 

"         "         Album 

"    Chrysographes 
May  20th  Earliest  Pallida,  Queen  of  May 

Iris  G.  Var.  Mrs.  H.  Darwin 
May  30th  "    Pallida  Dalmatica  (blooms  till  June  loth) 

June  1st  "    Eybrida,  Crusader 

"  "     _  Trojana 

June  5th  "    Germanica,  Var.  Black  Knight 

(this  is  the  las,  Germanica  to  bloom) 
June  10th  "    Sibirica 

"       Alba 
June  15th  "     Orienlalis ,  Snow  Queen 

"    Xipium,  Spanish  Bulb 
July  4th  to  24th  "    Kaempheri  or  Japanese  Iris. 

Some  or  the  Best  Iris  Nurseries  in  America 

Mrs.  Dean's  Iris  Garden  Peterson  Nurseries 

Moneta,  Cal.  (near  Los  Angeles.)  Chicago,  111. 

Bertram  H.  Farr  Movilla  Gardens 

Wyomissing,  Pa.  Haverford,  Pa. 

The  Fryer  Iris  Garden  Rainbow  Iris  Gardens 

Mantorville,  Minn.  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

R.  T.  Jackson  Shroup  Iris  Gardens 

Peterborough,  N.  H.  Dayton,  Ohio 

Mrs.  P.  J.  MiUs  r  Wing  Seed  Co. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa  Mechanicsburgh,  Ohio 

Farquhar,  Dreer,  Bobbink  &  Atkins,  Horsford,  and  Hicks  all  have  superb  collections. 


2Z 


The  Evansia  or  Crested  Iris 

Frances  E,  Cleveland,  Rumson  Garden  Club 

It  is  surprising  that  the  hardier  forms  of  the  Evansia  Iris  are  not 
better  known.  They  are  quite  distinct  from  Iris  Germanica  and  have 
great  decorative  value,  either  in  the  hardy  border  or  for  in-door  use. 

All  the  Evansias  are  distinguished  by  a  jagged  crest  in  place  of 
the  "Beard"  of  the  Germanica  type. 

There  are  only  seven  members  of  this  family,  four  of  which  are 
well  adapted  for  use  in  the  hardy  garden  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York; 
but  Fimbriata  (sometimes  called  Chinensis  or  Japonica)  Milesii  and 
Speculetrix  must  be  avoided  by  the  amateur  who  has  no  greenhouse. 

The  useful  Evansias  from  the  hardy-gardener's  point  of  view  are 
(and  let  me  pause  to  urge  everyone  to  try  a  few  of  these,  for  I  know  that 
once  established  in  the  borders  they  will  win  their  spurs  against  all 
comers) : 

Iris  Tectorum — the  roof  Iris  of  China,  where  it  grows  on  the  thatches 
and  blooms  abundantly  without  any  care,  fertilizers  or  much  moisture. 
The  flower  is  a  beautiful  violet,  the  falls  mottled  with  a  darker  shade. 
The  'Xrest"  stands  high  and  is  white,  spotted  with  purple,  while 
both  standards  and  falls  are  dehcately  crimped  or  fluted. 

Iris  Tectorum  Alba — a  marvelous  vision;  its  crest  flecked  with 
gold.  Both  of  these  come  readily  from  seed,  the  white  always  coming 
true  to  type.  It  would  be  interesting  to  cross  these  two,  trying  for 
the  intermediate  shades  of  lavender  and  mauve.  They  should  be 
planted  in  the  front  of  the  border  or  in  front  of  a  hedge  or  windbreak 
of  some  kind  where  they  are  perfectly  hardy  and  very  floriferous, 
blooming  about  the  first  of  June. 

Iris  Gracilipes — a  miniature  plant  from  Japan  and  resembles  the 
large  Japanese  Iris  in  its  flattened  shape  but  the  flowers  are  only  about 
two  inches  across,  of  a  deUcate  pinkish  Hlac  and  with  the  characteristic 
crest  on  the  falls.  The  slender  grass-like  leaves  grow  nine  inches  to  a 
foot  in  height,  and  the  thin  flower  stalk  is  wiry  and  strong.  The  whole 
plant  is  dehghtf ully  graceful  and  commands  admiration  from  all  who 
see  it  in  my  garden.  The  rhizomes  are  so  small  and  frail  that  it  should 
be  transplanted  only  immediately  after  flowering  (June  15  th)  so 
that  it  may  become  well  estabHshed  before  frost.  It  prefers  a  cool 
position  that  is  shaded  from  the  sun  for  part  of  the  day,  and  a  fairly 
light  soil. 

Iris  Cristala  and  Iris  Lacustris — both  natives  of  North  America, 
growing  wild  in  damp  gravel  beside  the  streams  in  the  Central  States. 
Lacustris  is  merely  a  dwarfer  copy  of  Cristata.   They  spread  rapidly 

24 


and  in  my  garden  are  planted  in  dry  sandy  soil,  flourishing  and  pro- 
ducing in  May  quantities  of  lilac  flowers  2  inches  across,  the  whole 
plant  only  four  inches  in  height.  Although  it  is  a  most  dainty  Uttle 
plant,  it  has  not  the  decorative  value  of  the  first  two,  Tectorum  and 
Gracilipes. 

Any  one  who  will  try  these  exquisitely  beautiful  plants  will  be 
amply  rewarded  by  their  new  friends  in  the  Iris  family.  A  few  blos- 
soms of  Gracilipes  or  Tectrum  Alba  in  a  shallow  bowl  on  the  table  will 
excite  the  keenest  admiration  and  wonder. 

Iris  Tectorum  and  Tectorum  Alba  can  be  obtained  from  Bertram 
H.  Farr,  Wyomissing,  Penna.;  and  Sunnybrook  Iris  Farm,  Eaton 
Town,  N.  J. 

Iris  Gracilipes  from  Henry  Dreer,  Philadelphia,  Sunnybrook 
Farm,  and  Clarence  Lown,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y, 

Iris  Cristata  and  Iris  Lacustris  from  Charles  H.  Totty,  Madison, 
N.  J.,  Dreer,  Farr,  and  Sunnybrook  Farm. 


Exhibition  of  Natxire  Studies  of  the 

Chicago  Chapter  of  the  Wild  Flower 

Preservation  Society  of  America 

Frances  K.  Hutchinson,  Lake  Geneva  Garden  Club 

The  Chicago  Chapter  of  the  Wild  Flower  Preservation  Society 
of  America  held  its  Second  Annual  Exhibition  of  Nature  Studies  at 
the  Art  Institute  from  the  6th  to  the  22nd  of  January.  These  studies 
were  collected  by  members  and  friends  of  the  Society  and  were  so 
varied  in  character  that  most  persons  entering  the  East  Galleries 
found  something  stimulating  and  enjoyable. 

It  was  amusing  to  see  the  casual  \dsitor  with  that  perfunctory 
"Museum"  look  on  his  face,  which  hundreds  of  pictures  almost 
invariably  produce,  stop  at  the  entrance  in  amused  surprise  as  he 
exclaimed,  "Wild  Flowers!"  Yes,  Wild  Flowers,  in  photographs,  in 
water  colors,  in  etchings,  in  blue  prints!  He  or  she  discovered  the  so- 
called  weeds  of  childhood,  smiled  at  special  favorites,  read  with  glee 
oftimes  forgotten  names  and  stood  in  amazement  before  the  pictorial 
possibiHties  of  the  dandehon  or  the  tumble-weed. 

An  appreciative  visitor  from  Texas  remarked;  "Why,  they're 
mighty  pretty.  We've  got  lots  of  wild  flowers  in  Texas,  but  I  never 
paid  no  attention  to  'em. "  Upon  being  questioned  as  to  their  names 
she  said,  "I  don't  know  their  names;  they're  just  wild."  Before  she 

25 


left  the  galleries  she  had  half  promised  to  compile  a  list  for  us  of  the 
Texan  Wild  Flowers. 

But  not  only  wild  flowers  did  our  new  acquaintances  find  but 
the  seeds  and  seed-pods,  rare  revelations  in  beauty  and  variety  of 
form.  What  more  extraordinary  than  the  insect  galls?  Or  more 
curious  than  the  woody  fungi?  Mushrooms  in  photographs  and 
water  colors  vied  with  the  actual  spore-prints  in  interest.  Grasses 
and  sedges  and  rushes,  mounted  as  if  summer  breezes  still  Hngered 
among  them,  attracted  true  Nature  lovers.  Mosses  and  lichens  de- 
lighted many  a  woodsman  and  enhghtened  many  a  child. 

One  morning  a  rather  rough,  middle-aged  man  stood  so  long  before 
the  mosses  that  one  of  the  hostesses  asked  tentatively:  "Would  you 
like  a  Ust  of  the  exhibits?"  He  turned  and  demanded:  "Are  there 
any  trees  around  Chicago?"  "Oh!  yes,"  was  the  answer,  and  a  map 
of  our  newly  acquired  and  proudly  cherished  Forest  Preserve  was 
displayed.  "Naw,  I  mean  timber.  I'm  in  the  lumber  business  and  I 
go  through  the  mountains  huntin'  for  good  timber.  That's  where  I 
see  all  this  stuff,"  waving  his  hand  toward  the  mosses  and  hchens. 
"What  did  you  get  up  this  show  for?"  he  asked.  "Do  you  Hke  it?" 
"Sure."  "Well,  perhaps  that's  one  reason.  Why  do  you  Hke  it?" 
"Oh!  I  don't  know,"  as  his  gaze  wandered  from  flower  to  bird,  from 
berry  to  butterfly,  "it  just  makes  you  feel  sort  of  good." 

One  constant  source  of  dehght  was  the  Automatic  Stereopticon, 
showing  wild  flowers  in  color  where  they  grew,  by  the  stream,  beside 
the  pool,  in  the  woods  and  open  meadows.  As  each  slide  was  labeled, 
the  children  unconsciously  read  the  name  as  the  flower  appeared 
before  them.  Standing  spell-bound  before  these  ghmpses  into  the 
woodland  a  handsome  youth  exclaimed,  "Is  this  exhibition  going 
to  New  York?"  Somewhat  dazed  by  the  audacity  of  such  a  thought 
the  hostess  for  the  day  murmured  that  she  believed  not.  The  boy's 
face  fell.    "  I  did  so  want  my  mother  to  see  it.  She  loves  wild  flowers. " 

The  butterflies  and  moths  were  always  the  centre  of  an  admiring 
group,  while  the  collection  of  Insects  loaned  by  Dr.  Hancock  with  his 
famous  pink  Katydid,  gave  the  children  a  thrill  that  they  will  not 
forget. 

For  the  children  came  by  scores  to  see  the  Nature  Studies  and 
asked  intelhgent  questions  and  planned  intensive  searches  into  Na- 
ture's secrets  during  the  coming  summer. 

Mrs.  Moffatt's  remarkable  photographs  of  spiders  and  their  homes 
was  supplemented  by  a  talk  illustrated  with  sUdes  one  Saturday  after- 
noon in  Fullerton  Hall. 

Mr.  Patterson  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  donated  another  Saturday  after- 
noon entertainment  for  the  children,  in  which  was  included  that 

26 


marvellous  series  of  moving  pictures  depicting  the  growth  of  the  seed 
in  the  ground,  the  groping  of  the  rootlets,  the  rising  of  the  stem  into 
the  air,  the  developement  of  the  leaves  and  the  exquisite  unfolding 
of  the  flower  itself. 

There  was  a  friendly  atmosphere  in  that  pretty  East  Gallery  with 
its  baskets  of  berries  and  plumed  grasses,  its  comfortable  benches, 
its  long  table  at  one  end  where  chairs  and  books  of  reference  invited 
a  moment's  repose.  Here  through  the  courtesy  of  the  many  Garden 
Clubs  and  kindred  organizations  in  and  around  Chicago,  there  was 
always  some  one  to  welcome  visitors,  to  hunt  up  information  in  the 
big  encyclopedias  or  to  answer  questions  of  all  kinds. 

The  Wild  Flower  Preservation  Society  is  making  plans  for  a  larger 
and  even  more  interesting  exhibition  next  year.  News  of  any  available 
collections  may  be  sent  to  the  secretary- treasurer,  Mrs.  Charles  S. 
Eaton,  5744  Kimbark  Ave.,  Chicago. 

Book  Reviews 

Reviewing   Committee 

Mrs.  William  K.  Wallbridge,  Chairman  Mrs.  Henry  A.  Prince 

Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Stout 

Mrs.  T.  H.  B.  McKnight 

(All  books  marked  (*),  whether  new  or  old,  are  among  those  con- 
sidered suitable  for  a  permanent  Hbrary.) 

^Studies  in  Gardening  by  A.  Clutton-Brock,  with  preface  and 
notes  by  Mrs.  Frances  King.  Published  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons, 
New  York.  Price  $2 .  50. 

Mention  of  this  book  has  already  been  made  in  the  Bulletin,  but 
its  merit  is  so  great  that  the  Literary  Committee  has  thought  best  to 
review  it  again  with  the  recommendation  that  it  be  included  in  the 
list  of  very  valuable  books  on  gardening. 

The  Studies  appeared  originally  in  the  form  of  letters  to  the  London 
Times  and  should  be  read,  or  rather  studied,  as  a  collection  of  essays 
on  widely  differing  subjects,  covering  very  fully  the  field  of  flower 
gardening. 

The  book  is  unillustrated  and  the  person  who  thinks  of  a  gardening 
book  as  something  to  look  at  rather  than  to  study,  will  find  the 
Studies  rather  stiff  reading,  but  as  Mrs.  King  says  "for  those  who 
think  about  gardening,  within  these  pages  is  matter  for  consideration. " 

Anyone  planning  a  new  garden  should  read  the  two  chapters  on  the 
"Theory  of  Garden  Design"  and  the  chapter  on  "The  House  and 
Garden". 

The  author  is  an  enthusiastic  rock  gardener  and  five  of  the  chapters 
are  devoted  to  this  fascinating  subject.    He  describes  in  detail  the 

27 


'  50  best  rock  plants, "  and  even  though  all  of  these  may  not  be  hardy 
here,  comparison  of  this  Hst  with  the  catalogues  of  American  nurseries 
specializing  in  rock  plants  would  give  a  fair  indication  of  those  which 
can  be  grown  in  our  climate. 

A  chapter  each  is  devoted  to  Campanulas,  Columbines  and  Pinks, 
the  best  varieties  being  given. 

The  chapter  on  LiHes  is  inspiring. 

The  causes  for  our  failures  with  many  of  the  rarer  sorts  are  pointed 
out;  a  lifetime  of  experience  with  these  difficult  and  lovely  flowers 
is  put  at  our  disposal. 

The  "Best  Method  of  Raising  Perennials  from  Seed,"  "How  to 
Garden  in  Heavy  Soils,"  "The  Right  Use  of  Flowering  Shrubs," 
are  some  of  the  subjects  treated. 

In  whatever  form  of  gardening  one  is  interested  he  (or  she)  will 
find  in  this  noteworthy  book  helpful  and  interesting  information. 

G.S.W. 

Spring  Flowers  at  Behoir  Castle  by  W.  H.  Divers.    Longmans, 
Green  Co.,  London.  Price  5/  net. 

A  valuable  book  written  by  the  head  gardener  to  the  Duke  of 
Rutland.  It  is  filled  with  suggestions  for  color  combinations  which 
have  been  tried  out  successfully  by  him,  and  each  plant  mentioned 
has  a  photograph  to  itself  on  cultivation  and  propagation. 

There  are  numerous  "tricks  of  the  trade"  described  which  would 
be  of  great  help  to  the  inexperienced  amateur.  It  is  just  such  knack 
which  saves  many  a  precious  plant  from  ignominious  death. 

Annuals  and  Biennials  by  Gertrude  Jekyll.  "Country  Life 
Library."  Price  $3. 

This  excellent  little  book  fills  a  long  felt  want.  We  have  many 
books  on  hardy  gardens;  but  on  this  subject  there  seems  to  be  very 
little  written. 

The  first  few  chapters  deal  with  the  uses  of  various  types  of  annuals, 
colour  schemes  for  planting,  and  general  directions  for  cultivation. 

The  second  part  is  a  condensed  encyclopedia  of  varieties,  with 
cultural  directions  in  detail;  and  the  third  is  a  series  of  charts  group- 
ing heights,  colour,  plants  for  shade  and  sun,  and  for  greenhouse 
culture. 

English  it  is,  however,  and  we  who  sow  our  balsam  and  celosia 
seed  in  the  hot  sunny  border,  always  sure  of  bloom  from  them,  must 
smile  at  seeing  their  names  listed  among  the  greenhouse  plants. 

Perhaps  as  a  companion  to  Miss  Jekyll's  book,  it  would  be  well 
to  have  a  new  book  by  H.  H.  Thomas,  called  "The  Book  of  Hardy 
Flowers,  ^^  (Funk  and  Wagnalls.     Price  $3.) 

28 


It  is  a  splendid  encyclopedia  of  500  pages,  with  3 1  coloured  plates, 
nearly  two  hundred  photographs,  and  endless  drawings.  The  subjects 
include  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs,  herbaceous  plants,  bulbs  and 
hardy  annuals — in  fact,  all  the  growing  things  which  make  the  garden 
beautiful,  giving  cultural  directions  for  each. 

At  this  season,  when  the  catalogues  come  in  containing  such 
glowing  descriptions  of  everything,  it  is  well  to  have  such  a  book  as 
this  at  one's  elbow  to  fortify  before  ordering  or  discarding. 

There  is  another  value  to  this  book.  Though  it  measures  6x9, 
and  is  more  than  three  inches  thick,  the  edition  I  have  weighs  but 
two  pounds !  H.  M.  S . 

"Last  Words:  A  Final  Collection  of  Stories^'  by  Juliana  Horatio 
Ewing.    Little,  Brown  &  Company,  New  York.    (50  cents.) 

We  are  glad  the  Literary  Committee  on  Book  Reviews  permits 
both  the  discovery  of  new  delights,  and  the  awakening  of  those  dor- 
mant. 

To  garden  lovers  whose  whimsical  humour  has  not  been  too  heavily 
mulched  by  the  dead  leaves  of  fretting  detail  we  recommend  for  spring 
inspiration  this  old  book,  especially  two  narratives  in  the  collection, 
"Mary's  Meadow"  and  "Letters  from  a  Little  Garden."  It  will 
require  a  wise  adult  to  transcend  the  triumphant  unselfishness  of 
the  little  maiden  in  "Mary's  Meadow"  who  patterned  her  gardening 
after  that  of  the  old  English  herbalist,  John  Parkinson.  He  it  was 
who  planted  his  favorites  outside  his  own  demesne  "in  the  wildest 
and  least  frequented  spots,"  that  he  might  "enjoy  beforehand  and 
in  imagination  the  pleasure  and  surprise  which  the  solitary  stroller 
will  experience  when  he  meets  with  these  beautiful  flowers  and  delic- 
ious fruits. " 

Mary  finds  also  that  old  John  evolved  a  private  Wild  Flower 
Society,  and  she  acts  upon  one  sentence  from  his  writings  which  is 
worth  quoting: 

"The  Honisucle  that  groweth  wilde  in  every  hedge,  although  it  be 
very  sweete,  yet  doe  I  not  bring  it  into  my  garden,  but  let  it  reste 
in  his  owne  place  to  serve  their  senses  that  travel!  by  it  or  have  no 
garden. " 

To  Mary's  title  of  "Travelers'  Joy"  given  her  by  acclamation  we 
might  worthily  aspire  by  more  lavish  giving,  and  less  selfish  taking. 

"Letters  from  a  Little  Garden"  might  be  called  "Letters  from 
a  Temperate  Zone, "  so  restfully  do  they  breathe  patience,  content- 
ment with  small  achievement,  and  a  dignified  leisure  in  awaiting  the 
same. 

It  will  be  of  interest  to  Garden  Clubs  to  know  that  the  Parkinson 

29 


Society  formed  in  England  in  1884  had  its  origin  in  these  stories  and 
names  among  its  objects  "to  search  out  and  cultivate  old  garden 
flowers  which  have  become  scarce;  to  plant  waste  places  with  hardy- 
flowers;  to  try  and  prevent  the  extermination  of  rare  wild  flowers  as 
well  as  of  garden  treasures. " 

Mildred  C.  Prince. 

The  Genus  Iris.  By  W.  R.  Dykes.  England:  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity Press.  1913.  New  York:  C.  S.  McKinney  Co.,  5  Nassau 
St.,  N.  Y.  245  pp.  iij5^xi7JE^,  haK  morocco.  $27. 50.  Transportation 
extra. 

An  authoritative  monograph  on  the  Iris  is  welcomed  by  all 
garden  enthusiasts  and  particularly  by  lovers  of  this  genus  of  plants, 
conspicuous  for  its  beauty  and  broad  range  of  usefulness  in  the  garden 
picture. 

Mr.  Dykes  has  spared  no  pains  in  gathering  into  available  form 
all  known  facts  of  history,  distribution  and  cultural  requirements  of 
the  many  species. 

The  forty-eight  life-sized  colored  plates  are  reproduced  from  or- 
iginals, drawn  with  delicacy  and  faithfulness  to  form  and  color,  from 
the  living  plants  in  his  own  garden. 

The  text  is  packed  full  of  information  both  for  the  botanist  and  the 
grower  of  Irises. 

In  the  words  of  one  of  our  prominent  garden  editors,  "  the  Iris  is 
just  getting  its  foot  over  the  threshold  of  American  gardens  and, 
because  of  its  wide  adaptabiUty,  is,  in  many  ways,  I  believe,  destined 
to  become  one  of  the  great  American  garden  flowers. " 

No  Hbrary  in  gardening  communities,  or  comprehensive  collection 
of  garden  books  should  be  without  this  book. 

E.P.McK. 

In  response  to  a  request  for  the  titles  of  Miss  Gertrude  Jekyll's 
works,  the  following  list  is  given: 

Annuals  and  Biennials $3. 00 

Color  Schemes  in  the  Flower  Garden 6. 50 

Garden  Ornament 32. 00 

Gardens  for  Small  Country  Houses  (Jekyll  &  Weaver). 

Now  being  reprinted. 

Children  &"  Gardens 3  •  00 

Wall  and  Water  Gardens 6. 00 

The  above  are  pubHshed  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York. 
Home  and  Garden 2 .  50 

30 


Wood  and  Garden 2 .  50 

English  Gardens  (Jekyll  &  Elgood) I5-  00 

The  above  are  published  by  Longmans,  Green  &  Co. ,  New  York. 
Flower  Decoration  in  the  House,  6/- 
Liliesfor  English  Gardens,  8/6 
Roses  for  English  Gardens  (Gertrude  and  Mawley  Jekyll)  12/6. 

The  above  are  published  in  England  and  may  be  imported 
through  booksellers.  The  prices  given  are  the  former  EngHsh  prices 
which  would  probably  have  to  be  doubled  to  arrive  at  the  cost  here. 

Two  ver>'  interesting  publications  dealing  with  California  flowers 
are  as  follows:  Professor  Wickson's  "California  Garden  Flowers," 
pubUshed  by  the  Pacific  Rural  Press,  San  Francisco;  and  a  pamphlet 
to  be  had  from  the  Department  of  Horticulture,  University  of  CaH- 
fomia  (Berkeley),  entitled  "Annotated  List  of  the  Wild  Flowers  of  Cali- 
fornia" by  Professor  P.  B.  Kennedy. 


Departments 

It  has  been  a  bitter  fact  to  the  "Mis"  of  the  ^Miscellany  that  the 
printers'  strike  has  delayed  most  of  the  Seed  Catalogues.  The  cold 
winter  evenings  have  not  been  enlivened  by  the  great  game  of 
"3  pkts.  of  No.  2773  ©.IS  =  .45."  Indeed  there  has  been  little 
of  this  exquisite  pleasure  to  help  you  through  an  attack  of  the  flu. 
However,  Farquhar's  Catalogue  appeared  this  morning  just  as  we  are 
going  to  press  and  the  others  are  on  their  way.  Meanwhile  it  has 
given  us  an  opportunity  to  become  better  acquainted  with  some  new 
friends,  as  there  seems  to  have  been  no  printers'  strike  in  England 
or  California. 

We  have  learnt  that  most  of  our  pansy  seed  is  grown  in  Oregon, 
where  the  climate  is  similar  to  England;. and  that  the  seed  of  the 
marvelous  new  Petunias,  all  ruffled  and  yellow  throated  and  true  to 
color,  are  grown  for  the  w^holesale  trade  in  California.  The  dry  long 
summers  of  Lower  California  are  ideal  for  thorough  ripening  of  flower 
seed,  which  is  getting  to  be  a  great  industr}''  there. 

The  EngUsh  Catalogues  are  safe  hunting  grounds  for  us  if  we  do 
not  let  ourselves  be  carried  away  by  the  pictures  of  Godetia,  Clarkia, 
Calceolarias  and  Schizanthus  which  thrive  near  the  Gulf  Stream 
but  which  cannot  be  expected  to  flourish  here  in  the  average  garden. 
Even  the  Nemesias,  which  do  moderately  well  for  us  if  started  in  a 
hot  bed,  pricked  off  into  flats  and  set  out  in  June,  bloom  for  such  a 
short  time  under  our  broiling  sun  that  they  are  hardly  worth  the 

31 


trouble  while  we  have  the  new  Verbenas,  Large-Flowered  Phlox 
Drummondi  and  Diener's  Ruflfled  Petunias  to  take  their  place. 

But  the  Single  Asters,  (Sutton's  Mame  Gem,  for  instance)  and 
the  double  delicate  Pink  Silenes,  Annual  Lupines,  Statice  Bonduelliy 
and  the  Blue  Marguerite  {Agatha  Coelestis)  are  all  English  annuals 
that  thrive  with  us,  and  are  a  little  difi&cult  to  obtain. 

As  for  the  seeds  of  choice  perennials,  Quarantine  37  has  made  it 
necessary  for  us  to  take  the  long,  long  road  towards  replenishing  our 
war-worn  borders.  I  hope  that  the  nurserymen  of  America  are 
working  up  a  stock  of  the  choicest  varieties  of  the  old  French  and 
Enghsh  Garden  Perennials,  and  that  they  will  not  present  them  to  us 
as  "Smith's  Colossal  New  Giant  Lupine"  or  "Schneider's  Favorite 
Ncoelty  Holly-hock  Intincible"  when  the  right  name  is  Lupinus 
Arboreus  and  Althea  Ficifolia. 

But  seriously,  this  year  we  should  have  our  perennial  seed  bed 
well  stocked  with  the  following,  the  seeds  of  which  are  hard  to  get  in 
America:  Aconitum  Wilsoni;  Alyssum  Saxatile  (Sutton's  Silver 
Queen)  Aquilegia  {Long  Spurred  Hybrids  and  Munstead  Giant  White) 
Campanula  Persicijolia  "Telham  Beauty";  Campanula  Lactifiora; 
Campanula  Grandiflora;  True  blue  Catananche  Caerulea;  Delphinium; 
Lunaria  Biennis,  the  White  Variety  only;  Verbascum;  Primrose, 
Munstead  Variety;  and  Althea  Ficifolia,  which  is  used  so  much  by 
Miss  Jekyll. 

Conard  &  Jones'  Catalogue  has  come  and  on  page  49,  after  all  the 
alluring  Roses  are  listed,  you  will  find  a  little  "Seed  Germination 
Table  "  which  tells  you  at  a  glance  how  long  it  will  be  before  you  can 
expect  to  see  your  Httle  seed  friends'  heads  popping  up  through  the  soil. 
I  have  not  seen  such  a  table  in  a  seed  catalogue  for  years  and  it  is  a 
real  help,  for  Bailey's  Encyclopedia  is  far  too  large  a  volume  to  take 
out  to  the  seed  bed. 

We  find  a  note  in  our  Garden  Diary  dated  last  June  which  says: 
"  Remember  to  order  extra  packages  of  the  following  for  filling  up  bare 
spaces  in  the  Hardy  Border:  AgeratumMexicanum;  Alyssum;  Pink 
Balsams;  Calendula  Meteor;  Annual  Baby's  Breath;  Candytuft." 
All  these  can  be  sowed  on  May  first  after  the  border  is  in  order,  in 
places  they  are  to  flower,  simply  thinning  out  if  too  thick. 

Rafi&a,  too,  has  felt  theH.  C.  L.  Get  a  pound  of  it  and  a  package 
of  Rainbow  green  dye.  After  having  soaked  the  Raffia  first,  boil  it  in 
an  ordinary  clothes  boiler.  It  will  make  an  inconspicuous  dyeing  ma- 
terial and  does  not  come  off  on  your  hands. 

Every  gardener  has  his  or  her  favorite  tool.  Mine  is  the  Eureka 
Weeder.    Given  that  and  a  Ladies'-size  Spade,  $1 .  50,  and  the  French 

32 


shears,  one  should  be  able,  after  the  ground  is  once  dug,  to  do  all  that 
is  seemly  in  a  Flower  Garden,  for  I  hold  that  no  woman  over  38 
should  mow  the  grass,  rake,  hoe  or  edge  paths.  The  ideal  person  to 
assist  the  lady  of  38  is  a  small  boy,  biddable  and  bossable,  freckled, 
red  haired  and  Irish,  if  obtainable. 

Don't  forget  to  put  out  your  fresh  Wren  houses  early. 

Anna  Oilman  Hill, 

960  Park  Ave,,  New  York. 
Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill, 

960  Park  Ave.,  New  York. 

Our  members  are  still  sending  in  names  of  Nurserymen  and  Seeds- 
men who  have  served  them  satisfactorily  but  whose  names  did  not 
appear  in  the  Hst  published  in  the  January  Bulletin.  It  often  happens 
that  in  sending  out  wedding  invitations,  the  nearest  friend's  names 
are  left  out  because  they  are  so  near,  so  it  happened  that  some  of  our 
tried  and  true  Garden  Friends  were  omitted  from  the  first  list. 


The  Garden  Club  of  America  List  of 
Nurseries  and  Seedsmen 

(continued) 
(Subject  to  addition  and  revision) 

NURSERIES 
Kelsey,  Harlan  P.  Thuriow  &  Sons, 

Salem,  Massachusetts.  West  Newbury,  Mass. 

Rea,  F.  J.  (phlox) 
Norwood,  Mass. 

FLOWER  SEEDS 

Stumpp  &  Walter, 
30  Barclay  Street, 
New  York  City. 

DAHLIA    SPECIALISTS 

Huntington,  Ralph  Sloco'ibe  J.  H. 

Painesville,  Ohio.  555  Towsend  Avenue, 

New  Haven,  Conn. 
Stillman,  G.  L. 
Westerly,  R.  I. 

ROSE  GROWERS  (10  very  reliable  firms) 

Bobbink  &  Atkins,  Dreer,  Henry, 

Rutherford,  N.  J.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

R.  &  J.  Farquhar,  How.\rd  Rose  CoiiPANY, 

Boston,  Mass.  Hermit,  Cal. 

Howard  &  Smtih,  Peterson,  George  A. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  Cromwell,  Conn. 

Peterson,  George  A.  Storrs  &  Harrison, 

Fairlawn,  N.  J.  Painesville,  Ohio. 

Totty,  Charles  H.  Walsh,  M.  H. 

Madison,  N.  J.  Wood's  Hole,  Mass. 

The  following  questions  and  answers  in  a  recent  copy  of  the     Plant 
English  Garden  interested  me  deeply:  Material 

33 


Delphiniums  I  should  be  glad  of  advice  on  the  following  problems  relating  to 

the  cultivation  of  Delphiniums. 

(i)  The  vexed  question  as  to  the  division  of  the  plant  at  stated 
intervals.  Some  say  that  it  should,  as  a  matter  of  routine,  be  divided 
not  less  often  than  every  three  years;  while  others  claim  that  so  long 
as  the  plant  is  doing  well  it  should  on  no  account  be  touched, 

(2)  The  question  of  degeneration  of  promising  forms.  I  raise 
several  hundred  plants  every  year  (or  did  before  the  war),  and  I  was 
greatly  impressed  by  the  way  that  forms  which  bid  fair  in  their  second 
or  third  year  to  be  of  high  value  often  degenerated  and  became  so 
poor  that  they  had  to  be  scrapped.  The  plants  in  question  had  good 
soil,  situation,  and  adequate  watering  and  mulching. 

(3)  The  cause  of  etiolation  of  apparently  good  plants  in  a  normal 
season  and  with  proper  treatment. 

(4)  The  use  of  superphosphate  in  soils  that  need  it.  This  is,  of 
course,  a  question  of  soil  analysis. 

(5)  The  value  of  obtaining  a  new  strain  of  choice  seed  from  time  to 
time,  and  not  using  your  own  seed  year  by  year. 

(6)  It  is  high  time  that  Delphiniums  were  classified  according  to 
nature  of  growth.  I  divide  mine  into  three  classes.  I  used  to  have 
long  descriptive  labels,  but  now  each  selected  plant  is  numbered  by 
a  permanent  label  and  described  in  a  record  book,  one  copy  of  which 
is  kept  in  the  gardener's  shed  and  the  other  in  my  library.  One  can 
watch  the  progress  or  degeneration  by  glancing  at  the  yearly  entries. 

A.  W.  R. 

[The  question  of  the  division  of  these  plants  at  stated  intervals  is 
one  that  each  cultivator  must  settle  for  himself.  Divided  not  less 
often  than  every  three  years  ensures  a  welcome  increase  of  stock  and, 
in  the  year  following  the  replanting,  that  class  of  spike  which  provides 
the  finest  flowers.  It  does  not  follow,  however,  that  a  particularly 
good  display  may  be  not  forthcoming  by  any  other  means.  It  often  is. 
Only  a  few  yards  from  where  this  note  is  penned  there  are,  indeed,  the 
evidences  of  it:  plants  of  8  feet  high  that  have  been  in  their  position 
seven  years  without  manure  of  any  kind,  organic,  liquid  or  artificial, 
and  none  given  even  at  planting-time,  having  made  a  glorious  display. 
At  the  same  time  it  has  to  be  admitted  that,  in  the  case  of  soUtary 
plants,  only  soUtary  clumps  remain;  whereas,  if  these  had  been  divided 
and  replanted  three  years  ago,  the  clumps  might  easily  have  been 
increased  four-fold,  whUe  their  size  to-day  would  hardly  be  less  than 
those  which  had  remained  undivided  twice  as  long.  Moreover,  it  is 
''  the  long  undivided  plant  which  suffers  most  when  deterioration  sets 
in,  and  which  takes  the  longest  time  to  recover.   In  short,  periodical 

34 


division  every  tliree  years  or  so  is  calculated  to  ensure  the  best  com- 
bined results  of  \-igour  and  increase  without  the  risk  of  deterioration 
eventually.  It  will,  however,  of  necessity  var>-  with  soils  and  other 
local  conditions,  also  varieties. 

Regarding  spring  or  autumn  di\'i5ion  of  the  plants,  we  say  un- 
hesitatingly that  spring  is  unquestionably  the  best  tinu,  taking  the  work 
in  hand  when  new  growth  is  3  inches  to  4  inches  long,  since  it  is  at 
that  time  also  that  root  acti\-ity  starts  anew  and  enables  the  plant 
early  to  regain  its  grip  upon  the  soil.  That  being  the  best  time  for 
division,  it  follows,  naturally,  that  spring  is  also  the  best  time  for  trans- 
planting, and  for  the  same  reason.  The  Delphinium  is,  however,  so 
hardy  and  accommodating  that  no  harm  ensues  from  early  autumn 
planting,  September  and  October  being  good  for  the  work.  Done  at 
this  time  and  the  earUer  the  better,  the  plants  have  a  chance  of  rooting 
afresh  before  colder  times  arrive;  whereas,  if  late  planted,  few  new 
root  fibres  are  formed  before  spring,  particularly  in  the  hea\ier  classes 
of  soils.  In  aU  planting  we  studiously  keep  the  crowns  of  the  plants 
2  inches  to  3  inches  below  the  ground,  where  they  are  safe  from  the 
attacks  of  the  slug. 

As  to  degeneration,  where  a  two  year  old  or  three  year  old  seedling 
of  earher  promise  shows  that  it  is  lacking  in  constitution,  the  only  way 
is  to  discard  it,  since,  without  that  good  garden  attribute,  constitution, 
it  would  be  useless  wasting  time  upon  it.  As  to  the  cause  of  disease, 
it  is  not  easy  to  say.  Inherent  weakness,  through  constant  inter- 
breeding, and  the  growing  of  the  plants  continuously  within  the  limits 
of  one  set  of  conditions  might  in  any  case  prove  to  be  predisposing 
causes,  while  not  all  the  varieties  of  any  group  would,  be  alike  robust 
or  capable  of  resisting  disease.  In  this  connection,  too,  doubtless 
the  introduction  of  new  variedes  of  known  \-igour  and  consritution 
and  the  exclusive  use  only  of  such  sorts  in  the  raising  of  new  varieties 
might  abo  prove  helpful.  Not  a  few  of  the  finest  modem  Delphiniums 
have  stunted  or  imperfectly  finished  spikes,  the  aforetime  spire-hke, 
attenuated  character  with  fiowers  and  buds  to  the  tip  being  aU  but  lost, 
Laxer,  looser-habited  spikes  with  the  fiowers  on  longer  pedicels,  so 
that  each  flower  is  seen  to  advantage,  would  also  be  far  more  efiective, 
both  in  the  garden  and  in  the  picture,  than  many  we  see  to-day, 
whose  flower  beauty  is  only  hah'  revealed  because  of  the  density  of 
their  setting  upon  the  columnar  spikes  which  bear  them.  In  these  and 
in  other  ways  there  is  room  for  much  needed  improvements  and  ample 
scope  for  the  raiser.  Much  more  might  be  said  on  the  subject,  while 
attention  might  weU  be  directed  to  the  raising  of  mildew-proof  varieties 
of  these  plants. — E.  HL  Jexkts'S.] 

I  have  had  the  greatest  success  increasing  mv  stock  of  choice 


Bleeding 
Hearts 


varieties  of  delphinium  by  making  cuttings  from  the  second  growth, 
in  mid- summer.  I  do  not  care  for  the  second  blooming  in  the  border; 
it  is  spindling  at  best,  in  my  locaHty,  and  apt  to  be  overshadowed  by 
its  more  vigorous  neighbors,  so  I  am  quite  wilhng  to  sacrifice  it  for 
the  sturdy  plants  it  will  give  me  the  following  year.  After  the  glorious 
bloom  has  faded,  I  watch  closely  for  the  second  shoots  to  appear.  When 
they  are  from  four  to  six  inches  long,  I  turn  a  gentle  stream  of  water 
from  the  hose  on  the  base  of  the  plant  until  the  earth  is  well  puddled, 
then  slip  my  finger^  into  the  mud  around  the  base  of  one  shoot,  and 
pull  and  twist  until  it  breaks  off.  According  to  the  age  and  vigor  of 
the  parent  plant,  I  take  off  one,  two,  or  three  shoots,  never  more. 
The  shoots  will  root  easily  and  quickly,  if  planted  in  a  seed-bed  in  the 
shade,  and  never  allowed  to  get  dry,  and  the  plants  will  be  larger  and 
thriftier  the  following  season  than  if  raised  from  seed,  and  of  course, 
true  to  variety. 

I  don't  think  I  should  ever  have  the  courage  to  deliberately  dig 
up  a  great  plant  of  Delphinium,  and  chop  it  into  bits,  but  this  year 
that  is  what  I  must  do  to  my  precious  Bleeding-heart,  for,  alas,  since 
the  tragic  Quarantine  has  taken  effect.  Bleeding-heart  has  all  but 
vanished  from  the  nurseries.  I  searched  in  vain  last  fall  for  even  a  few 
plants,  and  so  far  this  spring,  in  vain.  One  of  our  biggest  nurserymen 
told  me  to  tell  everyone  to  dig  up  at  least  one  old  plant  this  spring 
when  the  shoots  are  three  to  four  inches  long,  and  separate  it  into  as 
many  pieces  as  there  are  shoots,  plant  the  pieces  where  they  may 
remain  undisturbed  for  two  years,  when  one  will  have  fine  large  plants 
with  which  to  replenish  ones  own  border,  or  to  share  with  those  poor 
unfortunates  who  have  none. 

I  like  to  think  of  that  wonderful  return  from  Chusam,  when  Robert 
Fortune  brought  with  him  the  Bleeding-heart,  the  pink  Weigelia, 
and  the  parent  of  the  Pompon  Chrysanthemums.  What  an  acquisition 
to  the  flora  of  the  Western  World. 


Phlox 
Drummondi 


According  to  Vilmorin  a  few  colors  of  Phlox  Drummondi  are 
absolutely  fixed,  so  that  if  you  can  get  seed  from  a  reHable  firm,  you 
can  be  sure  that  the  following  will  come  true  to  color: — 

White  Red  striped  with  white 

Chamois  pink  Purple  striped  with  white 

Magenta  Variegated 

Pink  with  white  eye 

I  have  found  the  lovely  IsabelUna  so  nearly  true  that  the  few 
plants  that  bloom  off-color  can  easily  be  pulled  out  of  the  planting 
and  never  be  missed.    All  Annual  Phlox  is  so  much  more  lovely  if 

36 


sown  where  it  is  to  bloom,  rather  than  sown  early  in  the  frames,  and 
transplanted.  It  is  bushier,  therefore  has  more  terminal  branches  to 
bloom,  and  makes  more  of  a  color  mass:  it  lasts  longer  in  the  garden, 
and  because  there  is  more  of  it  there  is  more  to  pick,  and  oh!  it  is  so 
lovely  to  pick! 


Many  seeds  of  annuals  are  slow  to  germinate,  usually  because  of 
their  hard  shell.  Try  treating  them  as  many  of  us  do  our  Sweet  Peas, 
that  is,  put  them  to  soak  in  water  as  hot  as  the  hand  can  bear,  and 
leave  them  over  night  in  the  water.  It  is  especially  effective  with 
Portulaca,  and  my  much  loved  Cleome. 

I  liked  so  much  last  season  a  Zinnia  new  to  me,  named  IsabelHna — 
a  buff  Zinnia,  tall,  and  not  too  large.  Seed  may  be  got  from  Vaughan, 
31  West  Randolph  Street,  Chicago,  It  is  probably  named  from  the 
Phlox  Drummondi  Isabelhna  and  is  like  the  latter  in  hue, — a  cream- 
color  sHghtly  tinged  with  brown;  a  dehghtful  companion,  naturally, 
for  almost  any  other  flower. 

Louisa  Yeomans  King. 


Seed  Germi- 
nation 


Zinnia  Isa- 
bellina 


For  a  bedding  plant,  where  a  rather  low  effect  is  desired,  Torenias 
may  be  used  to  good  advantage,  Torenia  Fourmeri  grandiflora,  the 
blue  or  speciosa,  the  "Bride"  and  the  large  flowering  pink  with  white 
Torenia.  Seed  sown  the  middle  or  end  of  February  wiU  make  good 
sized  2,y2  in.  pot  plants  in  flower  by  the  time  you  are  ready  for  planting 
out.  Some  growers  sow  later  and  grow  the  plants  on  in  a  hotbed, 
which  is  a  good  way,  but  you  can  grow  them  in  the  greenhouse,  giving 
them  the  same  treatment  as  a  Petunia. 

Mrs.  Charles  W.  Hubbard  Louise  S.  Hubbard. 

Winnetka,  111, 


Torenia  as  a 

Bedding 

Plant 


Spray,  Spray, 
Don't  delay — 
Now  is  the  time 
For  sulphur  and  lime. 


Garden 
Pests  and 
Remedies 


Do  you  know  that  four  generations  of  San  Jose  scale  insects  are 
born  in  a  summer,  and  that  each  female  is,  therefore,  responsible  for 
the  production  of  about  3,200,000,000  others  during  the  season? 

While  trees  are  still  dormant,  scrape  off  loose  bark  and  spray  wnth 
a  strong  solution  of  hme  suphur,  6%  gallons  to  50  gal.  water.  This 
is  effective  against  oyster  shell  scale,  walnut  scale,  scurfy  scale,  cherry 

37 


San  Jose 
Scale 


scale,  white-red  spider,  etc.    Be  careful  to  use  this  strength  only 

while  trees  are  dormant.  For  plants  in  foliage,  i}4  gal.  to  50  gal.  water. 

In  the  last  Bulletin  advice  was  given  for  the  treatment  of  (A) 

Biting  and  chewing  insects.    (B)  Sucking  insects.    It  may  interest 

readers  to  know  a  few  of  each: 

Biting  and  Biting  insects:  Beetles  (both  adult  and  larva  stages),  grasshoppers 

Chewing  a^^  crickets,  caterpillars,  saw-flies,  pear  slugs  (adult  and  larva  stages, 

Insects  bees,  etc.   These  can  be  killed  by  poisons  taken  into  the  stomach,  of 

which  there  are  arsenical  poisons,  hellebore,  alkaloid  poisons. 

Sucking  insects:  Plant  lice,  scale  insects,  leaf  hoppers  and  all  true 
bugs.  These  must  be  killed  by  contact  sprays,  which  have  corroding 
action,  and  which  penetrate  into  the  breathing  pores.  Some  of  these 
are  lime  sulphur,  oil  emulsions,  nicotine  solution,  caustic  soda,  carboUc 
acid  poisons,  pyrethreum,  resin  washes,  sulphur  sprays. 

Both  types  of  insect  may  be  killed  by  fumigants,  hydrocyanic 
acid  gas,  carbon  disulphide,  sulphur  dioxide.  These  must  be  used 
with  great  care  as  they  are  deadly  poisons  and  are  dangerous  for 
humans  to  inhale  as  well. 

The  adult  form  of  the  wire  worm  is  the  famiUar  "chck  beetle" 
(firefly).  The  adult  form  of  that  fat  white  grub,  which  we  find  at  the 
roots  of  our  most  prized  plants,  is  the  common  buzzing  flapping 
"June  bug."  Both  these  beetles  have  similar  histories,  their  larval 
stage  continuing  for  from  three  to  five  years  during  which  time  they 
remain  underground.  For  small  areas  the  use  of  carbon  bisulphide 
put  into  a  hole  which  is  immediately  afterwards  stopped  up,  has  been 
advised.  For  fields,  plow  late  in  the  summer  to  expose  larva  and  break 
up  cells.  It  is  also  suggested  not  to  raise  a  grass  crop  more  than  one 
season,  where  the  soil  is  infested  with  wire  worms  and  white  grubs. 


Aphis  For        Crataegus, 

»        Pyrus 
Prunes 
Maple 
Currant 


{one  pound  of 
whale  oil  soap 
to  8  gal.  water 


For  rose  aphis  reduce  strength — i  lb.  of  soap  to  10-12  gal.  water. 

For  Roses  Dissolve  }^  lb.  finely  shaved  whale  oil  soap  in  one  qt.  of  boiling 

water.    Add  two  quarts  of  kerosene  and  churn  with  bicycle  pump 
(or  egg-beater)  till  it  becomes  creamy  white.    Reduce  with  fifteen 

38 


times  the  volume  of  water  for  roses.  Apply  when  sun  is  off  the  roses 
being  careful  to  spray  the  underneath  side  of  the  foHage. 

Sarah  W.  Hendrie, 
Grosse  Point  Farms,  Mich. 


Take  four  pounds  of  unslacked  lime,  put  in  a  gaUon  of  boiling 
water;  add  one  pound  of  tobacco  dust,  mixing  thoroughly.  Add 
enough  water  to  make  five  gallons.  Apply  to  the  roots  of  the  plants, 
one  teacupful  at  a  time,  being  sure  that  the  soil  is  well  loosened 
around  the  roots  before  pouring  on  the  mixture.  When  we  cannot  get 
tobacco  dust,  we  use  tobacco  stems,  soaking  those  till  the  water  is 
very  brown,  and  then  mixing  with  the  lime  water.  We  begin  these 
treatments  when  plants  are  about  six  inches  high  in  the  Spring;  two 
or  three  applications  for  a  week  or  two,  then  discontinue,  and  start 
again  in  two  or  three  weeks  or  when  we  see  signs  of  the  bhght. 

This  is  usually  the  most  rehable  remedy  for  that  deadly  attack 
on  the  blue  of  our  gardens.  It  came  originally  from  Miss  McGregor 
of  Springfield,  Ohio  to  the  Garden  Magazine,  and  is  a  balm  in  Gilead 
to  those  who  gaze  with  dismay  at  the  crumpHng  and  darkening  of 
sky-blue  buds  before  their  time.  It  is  Miss  McGregor  who  practices 
cutting  back  her  Ampelopsis  Veitchii  to  five  feet  each  year, — a  sug- 
gestion which  I  have  followed  with  a  consequent  reward  in  deUcacy 
of  growth  not  secured  in  any  other  way. 


Remedy  for 
Delphinium 
Bli^t 


The  most  common  trouble  in  the  raising  of  plants  by  seed,  es- 
pecially in  boxes  or  flats,  is  the  damping  off  of  the  young  plants. 

This  is  the  rotting  off  of  the  seedHngs  near  the  surface  of  the  soil, 
and  is  the  work  of  fungi.   Cause,  too  much  moisture. 

Prevention  is  worth  more  than  cure.  Some  authorities  recommend 
covering  the  soil  with  a  thin  layer  of  fine  white  sand  or  finely  sifted 
coal  ashes.  Seeds  to  be  sown  in  this  and  covered  according  to  need. 
The  sand  counteracting  the  tendency  to  damping  off. 

See  that  the  soil  is  wet  clear  through,  not  wet  on  top  and  dry 
beneath.   Keep  it  as  dry  as  possible  on  the  surface. 

Should  damping  off  threaten,  a  crochet  hook  or  hat  pin,  if  plants 
are  not  too  close  together,  may  be  used  to  scrape  the  fungus  off  the 
earth,  as  this  slight  disturbance  often  serves  to  destroy  the  fungus. 
Set  in  an  airy  place,  till  surface  has  dried,  or  if  soil  gets  too  dry,  water 
from  the  bottom  by  setting  flat  in  pan  of  tepid  water. 

In  severe  cases  lift  seedUngs  carefully  with  a  sharpened  splinter, 
and  replant  quickly  in  fresh  earth,  continuing  the  treatment  as  in  the 
first  germination  of  the  seed. 

39 


"Damping 
Off" 


Seed  Germi- 
nation 


Many  seeds  are  slow  in  germinating  and  it  is  often  a  good  plan 
to  sprout  them  before  sowing,  one  method  is  given  as  follows: 

Pour  the  seeds  on  the  end  of  a  piece  of  common  burlap,  fold  from 
both  sides  and  roll  up.  Then  in  a  pan  containing  half  a  pint  of  warm, 
not  hot  water,  drop  three  drops  of  spirits  of  camphor.  Place  the  roll 
in  this  twenty  minutes,  press  out  lightly  so  there  will  be  no  dripping, 
wrap  in  four  thicknesses  of  old  newspaper,  and  place  where  the  tem- 
perature is  regular  and  about  75  degrees. 

Examine  daily  and  if  dry,  wet  with  luke-warm  water.  As  soon  as 
the  germ  shows,  plant  at  once. 

An  old  Gardener  says  that  this  method  will  produce  seedlings 
of  especially  good  vigor.   It  might  be  interesting  to  try  it. 

Mrs.  Frederic  Towle 


"Damping  Off"  is  largely  caused  by  careless  watering  and  im- 
proper ventilation. 
More  About  ^^  seeds  are  planted  in  flats  they  should  be  gently  sprayed  with  a 

•'Damping         fine  syringe,  never  allowing  them  to  get  really  dried  out,  and  being 
Off"  sure  to  have  the  soil  moist  when  seeds  are  first  planted.    If  the  flat 

is  shaded,  until  germination  takes  place,  no  trouble  should  follow. 

If  seeds  are  planted  in  pots,  the  best  way  to  water  is  by  standing 
the  pot  in  a  pail  of  water,  to  within  an  inch  of  its  top,  until  the  soil 
has  absorbed  sufficient  moisture.  Never  water  seedling  with  a  water- 
ing-pot or  hose. 

As  to  fresh  air,  every  day  the  weather  will  permit,  the  sash  should 
be  opened  slightly  and  allow  the  dampness  to  be  absorbed  by  the  sun 
and  air. 

Mrs.  Benjamin  Warren  Romayne  Warren 

Crosse  Pointe  Shores,  Michigan 


Special 

Plant 

Societies 


American  Carnation  Society 
A.F.J.  Bauer,  Sec'y,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Chrysanthemum  Society  of  America 

C.  W.  Johnson,  Sec'y,  2242  W.  logih  St., 

Chicago,   III. 

American  Dahlia  Society 
E.  C.  Vick,  Sec'y,  igo  Nassau  St., 
New  York  Ctty 

National    Dahlia    Society 
R.  W.  Gill,  Sec'y,  Portland,  Oregon 

California     Dahlia     Soctety 
N.  F.  Vanderbilt,  Sec'y,  725  Fifth  St., 
San  Rafael,  Cal. 

Southern     Dahlia     Soctety 
W.  E.  Clajiin,  Sec'y,  College  Park,  Md. 


American    Gladiolus    Society 
A.  C.  Beat,  Sec'y,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
American    Iris    Society 
R.    S.    Sturlevant,    Sec'y 
Wellesley  Farms,  Mass. 

American    Peony    Society 
A.  P.  Saunders,  Sec'y,  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

American    Rose    Society 

Prof.  E.  A .  White,  Sec'y,  Cornell  University, 

Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

American    Sweet   Pea    Society 
William  Gray,  Sec'y,  Bellevue  Rd., 
Newport,  R.  I. 


40 


The  American  Iris  Society 
John  C.  Wister,  President  R.  S.  Sturtevant,  Sec'y. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  the  Museum  Building  of  the  New  York 
Botanical  Garden,  Bronx  Park,  New  York  City,  January  29th,  1920, 
there  was  organized  a  new  Plant  Society.  Our  beautiful  Iris,  the 
lovely  Fleur  de  Lys  of  France,  her  stately  foliage  rusthng,  her  beautiful 
blossoms  palpitating  with  excitement,  stepped  from  the  semi-ob- 
scurity of  the  Nurseryman's  Hst  into  the  dignity  of  a  society  of  her 
own  under  the  name  of  The  American  Iris  Society,  whose  object  shall 
be  to  promote  the  culture  and  improvement  of  the  Iris. 

The  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  through  its  Director-in-Chief, 
Dr.  Britton,  offers  for  an  Iris  Garden  several  acres  of  land  traversed 
by  a  brook,  where  the  best  conditions  may  be  met;  gentle  dry  slopes, 
flat  moist  stretches,  and  when  the  brook  has  lent  itself  to  expert 
guidance,  pools,  near  whose  margins  Japanese  Iris  will  find  ideal  spots 
for  their  development  and  marshy  places  where  yellow  and  violet 
flags  will  flourish,  an  ensemble  that  must  call  forth  enthusiasm  in  all 
observers. 

The  cost  of  the  initial  construction  work  will  not  exceed  $3000  and 
will  be  accompUshed  by  the  use  of  part  of  the  Botanical  Garden 
Special  Development  Fund  of  1920,  under  the  direction  and  super- 
vision of  Dr.  Henry  AUan  Gleason,  Assistant  Director. 
The  officers  elected  were: 

President — Mr.  John  C.  Wister,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Vice-Pres., — Mr.  W.  A.  Peterson,  Chicago,  111. 
Secretary — Mr.  R.  S.  Sturtevant,  Wellesley  Farms,  Mass. 
Treasurer — Mr.  F.  H.  Presby,  Montclair,  N.  J, 

Regional  Vice-Presidents 
Eastern  Region — Mr.  B.  Y,  Morrison,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Pacific  Region — Mr.  S.  V.  Mitchell,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
Central  Region — Mrs.  Samuel  Taft,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Western  Region — Mr.  T.  A.  Kenning,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Southern  Region —  Mr.  Floyd  BraUiar, 
Canadian  Region — Dr.  F.  E.  Bennett,  St.  Thomas,  Ontario 

Board    of    Directors 
Mr.  I.  S.  Hendrickson — Flowerfieid,  N.  Y. 
Mr.  B.  H.  Farr — Wyomissing,  Pa. 
Mrs.  James  Boyd — Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Mr.  H.  A.  Gleason — New  York  City 
Mr.  E.  C.  Shaw — Akron,  Ohio 
Mr,  H.  A.  Norton — Quebec,  Canada 

41 


The  formation  of  these  Regional  Districts  would  seem  to  solve 
the  problem  of  making  the  Society  really  National.  They  may  elect 
their  Vice-President  and  committees,  hold  their  shows,  and  conduct 
their  own  business,  all,  of  course,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Board 
of  Directors.  Thus  all  parts  of  the  country  will  have  Iris  interests, 
though  the  Central  Iris  Collection  will  be  at  the  Botanical  Garden 
in  New  York  City,  where  originators  of  new  varieties  should  send 
roots  of  their  seedKngs  to  be  proved  side  by  side  with  standard  sorts. 
Work  of  this  kind  has  already  been  started  at  Cornell  University, 
and  it  is  felt  to  be  very  desirable  to  co-operatfe  with  that  work  and  to 
establish  collections  at  available  centers. 

Anyone  interested  in  the  Iris  is  eligible  to  nomination  to  active 
membership,  paying  a  membership  fee  of  $3 .  00  per  year,  or  a  sum 
of  $25.00  makes  any  active  member  a  life  member.  The  money 
received  from  life  memberships  shall  be  invested  and  the  interest 
only  expended  by  the  Society.  Persons  who  have  rendered  dis- 
tinguished service  to  the  development  of  the  Iris  may,  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  Board  of  Directors,  be  elected  honorary  members  for  life. 
They  may  not  hold  ofi&ce,  or  vote,  or  be  required  to  pay  fees.  A  sub- 
scription to  The  Flower  Grower  accompanies  every  active  member- 
ship. 

Between  the  morning  and  afternoon  sessions  a  delicious  luncheon 
was  served,  seating  sixty-five  guests,  in  the  fine  old  dining  room  of 
the  LoriUard  Mansion. 

Could  arrangements  be  made  that  would  enable  clubs  to  be 
afiiiUated  with  the  Iris  Society,  it  might  prove  of  mutual  benefit. 

These  plans  should  stimulate  interest  in  growing  the  Iris.  We 
aU  have  it  in  our  gardens,  though  beyond  dividing  every  two  or  three 
years  Httle  attention  has  been  paid  to  it;  but  now  when  we  find  it 
suddenly  in  the  public  eye,  let  us  take  notice  and  join  the  Society, 
thus  securing  all  the  knowledge  that  has  heretofore  passed  us  by, 
and  see  what  we  can  do,  if  not  in  hybridizing,  at  least  by  giving  in- 
telligent care  to  what  others  have  worked  hard  to  produce. 


Co-operation 
witb  Special 
Plant  Socie- 
ties 


We  are  becoming  convinced  that  the  Special  Plant  Societies  are 
not  receiving  the  support  that  they  have  the  right  to  expect  from 
garden  lovers.  It  is  doubtful  if  many  realize  what  these  groups  of 
experts  are  doing  to  develop  and  improve  the  special  flowers  they 
have  selected  for  their  hobbies.  They  labor  year  after  year  and  feel 
rewarded  if  they  have  discovered  some  new  way  of  routing  a  pest, 
established  a  new  variety,  cleared  up  a  muddy  and  ineffective  shade 
and  made  it  a  thing  of  beauty,  and  all  apparently  for  their  own  satis- 
faction; for  they  receive  very  little  encouragement  even  from  those 

42 


who  most  admire  the  results,  without  at  all  grasping  the  patience, 
devotion  and  continuous  labor  required  to  achieve  the  smallest 
success. 

Now  seems  to  be  our  time  to  step  in  with  enthusiasm,  put  our 
shoulders  to  the  wheel  and  really  help.  If  our  importations  are  re- 
stricted, what  more  logical  than  to  aid  those  who  are  working  to  make 
our  own  flowers  wonders  in  the  eyes  of  the  world. 

What  they  all  need  is  pubHcity  and  financial  support,  membership 
being  in  most  cases  the  only  source  of  income.  The  members  of  the 
GAiiDEN  Club  of  America  can  do  much — they  are  scattered  from 
ocean  to  ocean — by  joining  aU  or  some  of  these  Special  Plant  Societies, 
the  dues  are  small,  they  awaken  interest  in  horticulture  in  all  parts 
of  our  countr}%  Their  membership  brings  them  the  bulletins  issued 
by  these  societies,  which  are  of  distinct  value  to  those  who  really  wish 
to  have  the  best  in  their  gardens. 

Perhaps  it  would  be  the  most  satisfactory  method  of  enjoying 
the  benefits  of  these  organizations,  if  our  Member  Clubs  would  be- 
come affihated  with  the  different  Societies  at  the  reduced  cost  pro\'ided 
for  under  their  rules. 

The  American  Rose  Society  announces  the  immediate  issue  of  the 
Rose  Annual  for  1920,  promising  the  finest  edition  so  far  published. 

We  have  in  our  hands  the  Bulletin  and  Schedule  of  the  American 
Sweet  Pea  Society,  the  editor  stating  that  while  the  edition  lasted 
it  would  be  sent  on  appHcation. 

Anne  T.  Stewart 


The  American  Sweet  Pea  Society  organized  in  1908  holds  each 
summer  a  convention  and  exhibition.  It  claims  the  distinction  of 
being  the  only  Society  whose  activities  are  devoted  to  promoting  the 
culture  of  an  annual  flower,  and  of  having  brought  about  better 
methods  of  growing  it,  as  a  comparison  of  the  product  of  today  with 
that  of  1908  will  show.  The  work  of  the  hybridists,  both  here  and 
abroad,  have  become  better  known  and  their  fine  productions  de- 
servedly popular  through  our  exhibitions. 

Our  yearly  pubhcation.  The  Bulletin  and  Schedule,  gives  expert 
advice  on  sweet  peas  from  the  pens  of  the  most  practical  men.  The 
1920  Bulletin  will  contain  articles  on  Growing  Sweet  Peas  in  tubs. 
Growing  Sweet  Peas  in  clumps  for  garden  decoration  and  cutting, 
notes  on  new  varieties,  color  classification,  and  Fall  and  Spring  sowing. 
The  distribution  of  the  Bulletin  is  not  confined  to  members;  a  request 
will  bring  it  to  any  one  interested. 

The  1920  Convention  and  Exhibition  will  be  held  in  Horticultural 
Hall,  Boston,  Mass.,  July  lo-ii,  and  it  is  confidently  expected  that 

43 


American 
Sweet  Pea 
Society 


the  quality  and  number  of  the  exhibits  will  eclipse  all  our  former 
efforts. 

William  Grey, 

Secretary. 

Special  Plant  Societies  who  desire  to  announce  shows,  give  de- 
scriptions of  recent  introductions,  explain  membership  requirements, 
etc.,  should  communicate  with 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  Chairman, 
Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


Woman's  National  Farm  and  Garden  Association 
Notes  on  Council  Meeting 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  Woman's  National  Farm 
and  Garden  Association  held  in  New  York,  February  5,  Signora 
Olivia  Rossetti  Agresti,  who  has  been  connected  with  the  International 
Institute  of  Agriculture  at  Rome  for  fourteen  years,  was  elected  an 
Honorary  Member  of  the  Association.  Signora  Agresti  has  been  in 
this  country  some  months,  coming  at  the  time  of  the  International 
Industrial  Conference  to  act  as  interpreter  for  the  Itahan  delegation. 
She  has  lectured  on  the  International  Institute  of  Agriculture  in 
New  York  and  Boston  and  many  other  places  in  New  England  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Association,  of  agricultural  colleges  and  of  farmers' 
and  business  men's  organizations. 

The  Land  Service  Committee  reported  that  thirty-six  agricultural 
scholarships  had  been  awarded  since  September,  1918,  and  that  an 
exchange  scholarship  with  England  is  under  consideration. 

The  report  from  the  New  England  Branch  included  a  statement 
of  the  Christmas  sale  at  which  $2,500  worth  of  members'  products 
were  sold  in  two  days.  Some  members  had  nothing  to  send  to  the 
sale  because  they  had  sold  everything  through  orders  received  as  a 
result  of  being  listed  in  the  New  England  Branch  monthly  leaflet. 
The  National  Association  is  considering  publishing  two  or  three  times 
a  year  for  distribution  to  its  members  a  list  of  all  producing  members 
to  help  the  woman  who  wants  to  buy  and  the  woman  who  has  some- 
thing to  sell. 


44 


Garden  Club  News 


Meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  February  4th,  1920 

A  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  held  at  the  residence 
of  Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt,  "Secretary,  on  the  afternoon  of  February 
4th, 1920. 

A  discussion  took  place  as  to  whether  the  Bulletin  should  be 
sent  to  the  Clubs  who  felt  that  for  this  year  they  could  not  pay  the 
special  assessment.  The  following  motion  was  drawn  up  by  Mrs.  Pratt, 
moved  by  Mrs  Sloan,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Morgan  and  unanimously 
carried:  That  in  justice  to  the  Clubs  that  have  already  paid  the 
extra  $1 .  50  per  member,  to  cover  the  added  expense  of  publishing  the 
Bulletin  for  1919-1920,  the  Bulletin  be  sent  only  to  members  of 
those  Clubs  which  have  agreed  to  remit  the  extra  assessment  accepted 
by  the  majority  of  Member  Clubs  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 
As  the  official  organ  of  the  Garden  Club  or  America,  the  Bulletin 
will  be  sent  to  the  presidents  and  secretaries  of  those  Clubs  which 
have  been  unable  to  meet  the  increased  expense  for  the  year  1919-1920. 

The  names  of  four  new  Clubs  desirous  of  joining  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  were  read  but  in  no  case  was  the  proposal  properly 
or  adequately  made.  Through  carelessness  or  misunderstanding  the 
questionnaires  attached  to  the  appHcations  are  not  answered  and  the 
proposing  and  seconding  Clubs  seem  to  be  confused  as  to  their  part 
in  the  matter.  If  Member  Clubs  will  bear  in  mind  that  exactly  the 
same  plan  should  be  followed  in  proposing  Clubs  that  is  followed  in 
proposing  individuals  for  organizations  where  the  membership  is  indivi- 
dual, less  confusion  would  arise.  We  would  not  propose  for  member- 
ship in  any  club  an  individual  of  whose  characteristics,  achievements 
and  suitabihty  we  knew  nothing.  Before  proposing  a  new  Club 
Member  we  should  take  pains  to  inform  ourselves  as  fully  as  possible 
in  regard  to  its  membership,  activities  and  willingness  to  work  with 
the  Garden  Club  of  America.  The  following  explanation  has  been 
prepared  with  the  hope  that  it  will  clarify  the  situation  and  hasten 
the  election  of  Clubs  already  or  about  to  be  proposed. 

Order  of  business  for  proposing  a  Garden  Club  for  membership  to 
the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

I.  The  proposing  Club  should  carefully  investigate  the  applicant 
Club,  in  regard  to  garden  interests  and  congeniaHty,  and  should 
bring  about  a  personal  acquaintance  with  the  Officers  of  the  seconding 
Club,  so  that  they  will  be  qualified  to  make  their  own  investigations. 

II.  The  proposing  Club  should  write  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Gar- 
den Club  of  America  to  send  a  membership  application  blank  to 
the  applicant  Club  with  instructions  to  forward  it  when  filled  out  to 

45 


Special 
Assessment 


Proper 
Method  of 
Proposing 
Clubs  for 
Membership 


the  President  of  the  proposing  Club.  If  satisfied  with  the  question- 
naire, the  President  of  the  proposing  Club  should  then  forward  this 
blank  to  the  President  of  the  seconding  Club,  with  two  letters  of  en- 
dorsement from  her  membership.  In  turn  the  President  of  the  second- 
ing Club  when  satisfied  with  the  questionnaire  should  sign  the  mem- 
bership blank  and  return  it  with  the  two  letters  of  endorsement  of  the 
proposing  Club  and  two  letters  of  endorsement  from  the  seconding 
Club,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  Upon 
acceptance  by  the  Executive  Committee  the  name  of  the  Club  and 
its  President  will  be  sent  to  the  Presidents  of  the  Member  Clubs  of 
the  Garden  Club  of  America  for  election. 


The  1920 
Annual 
Meeting  in 
Boston 


After  some  discussion  as  to  the  entertainment  of  delegates  and 
non-delegates  at  the  General  Meeting  in  Boston,  it  was  decided  to 
ask  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  President  of  the  Hostess  Club,  to  give 
Mrs.  Brewster  the  details  necessary  for  publication  in  the  March 
issue  of  the  Bulletin. 


Resolution 
in  Regard  to 
the  Enter- 
tainment of 
Delegates 
and  Non- 
Delegates 


The  following  Resolution  was  proposed  by  Mrs.  Brewster  and 
seconded  by  Mrs.  Hill:  (This  resolution  was  first  passed  at  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  Meeting,  December  8th  1919.)  That  owing  to 
the  increasing  size  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  it  has  been 
found  necessary  to  make  some  slight  changes  in  the  hitherto  informal 
arrangements  for  the  Annual  Meeting.  As  this  is  the  occasion  most 
interesting  to  Garden  Club  members,  the  Executive  Comittee  hopes 
for  a  large  attendance  and  feels  that  as  many  members  as  possible 
should  attend  the  meeting. 

The  business  oi^ganization  of  the  meeting  allows  for  two  delegates, 
one  of  whom  is  the  president  or  her  alternate,  from  each  Club,  the 
other  a  duly  appointed  delegate  from  that  Club.  The  members  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  are  also 
invited.  All  other  members  may  attend  as  non-delegates  and  are  very 
welcome,  as  their  presence  is  an  evidence  of  interest  and  enthusiasm. 

In  response  to  requests  from  many  members,  to  facihtate  future 
arrangements  and  to  meet  the  convenience  of  both  delegates  and 
non-delegates,  the  following  motion  has  been  passed  by  the  Executive 
Committee :  That  Officers  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  and  duly 
appointed  delegates  shall  be  the  official  guests  of  the  Hostess  Club. 

That  non-delegates  are  cordially  urged  to  attend  the  Annual 
Meeting  unofi&cially  and  shall  be  welcome  to  all  gardens  open  to  the 
Club  and  may  attend  the  Business  Meetings,  though  they  may  not 
vote. 

That  a  special  committee  of  the  Hostess  Club  shall  form  a  Com- 
mittee on  Arrangements  for  non-delegates,  the  duties  of  said  Com- 

46 


mittee  to  be  to  give  information  on  hotel  accommodations,  routes, 
meals  and  so  forth. 

The  Spring  Meeting  will  be  held  at  the  Colony  Club,  New  York,     The  Spring 
on  March  17th,  1920.    This  date  was  chosen  because  the  International     -Meeting 
Flower  Show  will  take  place  at  the  Grand  Central  Palace,  New  York 
from  March  15th  to  March  21st,  to  which  the  Garden  Club  has 
been  invited. 

Since  the  Executive  Committee  has  received  many  requests  for     Program  of 
more  time  to  discuss  business  matters  at  our  meetings,  the  hour  has     *^®  Meeting 
been  set  at  10  a.  m.  Those  not  interested  in  business  details  may  come 
at  1 2  o'clock  in  time  to  hear  the  addresses. 

The  purpose  of  the  meeting  is  to  bring  about  a  better  understand- 
ing between  the  Garden  Clubs  and  the  nurserymen  and  gardeners  of 
the  country  and  to  perfect  the  plans  for  the  Annual  Meeting  in  June 
in  Boston,  Mass.   The  program  is  as  follows: 

PROGRAM 

10  a.m. 

General  Business  Meeting,  Wednesday,  March  17th  at  the  Colony 

Club,  Park  Ave.  &  62nd  St. 

Address  by  the  President. 

Minutes  of  the  last  meeting. 

New  Business. 

Plans  for  the  Annual  Meeting  of  1920. 
12  m. 

Address  by  Mr.  William  N.  Craig,  Superintendent  of  Faulkner 

Farms,  Brookline,  Mass.;  representing  the  National  Society  of 

Gardeners.   Subject :  The  Professional  Gardener. 

Mr.  Martin  C.  Ebel,  Secretary  of  the  Society,  will  be  in  attendance 

to  answer  questions  which  may  foUow  the  lecture. 

Address  by  Mr.  J.  Edward  Moon,  President  of  the  American 

Association  of  Nurserymen. 

Mr.  Moon  will  answer  questions  at  the  conclusion  of  his  address. 
1.30  p.m.  Luncheon. 

During  luncheon,  Mr.  John  C.  Wister  will  speak  on  "Present  Con- 
ditions in  the  Nurseries  of  France  and  England." 
3.  p.  m.   Adjournment  to  Flower  Show. 

Mrs.  Hill  stated  emphatically  that  she  thought  the  question  of      Quarantine 
Quarantine  37  should  be  brought  up  at  the  Spring  Meeting  and  sug-     No.  37 
gested  that  only  professionals  be  allowed  to  present  the  subject.    It 
was  decided  to  refer  the  question  to  a  special  committee. 

47 


Mrs.  Pratt  asked  permission  to  write  to  the  Rose  Society  in  the 
name  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  presenting  a  suggestion  for 
co-operation. 

Slides  Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  Chairman  of  the  SHdes  Committee  reports 

Committee        that  sHdes  are  beginning  to  come  in.   Some  are  useful;  all  are  pretty. 

Lectures'and  A  Hst  of  both  lecturers  and  Club  papers  is  being  prepared,  but 

Club  Papers  is  not  yet  ready  for  pubHcation.  Member  Clubs  who  are  anxious 
to  make  up  their  programs  for  the  coming  year  may  write  direct  to 
the  Librarian,  Mrs.  Frederick  Rhodes,  Short  HiUs,  N.  J.,  who  will 
give  information  both  in  regard  to  lecturers  who  have  been  acceptable 
to  the  Clubs  and  as  to  the  available  papers. 

New  Club  Five  new  Clubs  have  been  elected  to  membership  in  the  Garden 

Members  Club  of  America.      Their  names,  with  presidents  and  secretaries 

follow: 

Greenwich  Garden  Club. 
President — Mrs.  Franklin  Edson,  Greenwich,  Conn. 
Secretary — Mrs.  Sartell  Prentice,  Greenwich,  Conn. 
Lake  Geneva  Garden  Club. 
President — Mrs.  E.  A.  Potter,  Chicago  Beach  Hotel,  Chicago 

and  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 
Secretary — Miss  Katherine  Lefens,  60  Scott  St.,  Chicago  and 
Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 
New  Canaan  Garden  Club. 
President — Mrs.  Henry  W.  Chappel,  117  E.  64th  St.  New  York 

and  High  Ridge  Road,  New  Canaan,  Conn. 
Corresponding  Secretary — Mrs.  John  V.  Irwin,  130  E.  67th  St. 
New  York  and  Eonoke  Ave.,  New  Canaan,  Conn. 
Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton. 
President — Mrs.    Ernest    L.    Dinning,    Ruxton,    Baltimore 

County,  Maryland. 
Secretary — Mrs.  Louis  O'Donnell,  Ruxton,  Md. 
Shaker  Lakes  Garden  Club 
President — Mrs.  James  H.  Rogers,  1920  E.  93d  St.  Cleveland, 

Ohio. 
Secretary — Mrs.   Louis  Myers,  16740  So.  Park  Blvd.,  Cleve- 
land, Ohio. 


48 


News  and  Views 


This  department  is  dedicated  to  the  Member  Clubs  and  to  our  in- 
dividual members.  It  is  designed  to  hold  short  accounts  of  unusual 
meetings,  stirring  events,  interesting  anecdotes,  successful  shows  and 
pleasant  garden  experiences.  Contributions  should  be  signed  and  the 
name  of  the  Club  from  which  they  come  should  also  be  given.  Personal 
news  is  welcome  and  if  we  might  have  an  occasional  controversy, 
so  much  the  better.  The  name  of  the  Column  Conductor  will  be 
announced  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin.  This  last  statement  has 
been  made  hopefully  in  three  issues.  A  Garden  Club  news  gatherer 
is  not  easy  to  find  but  we  do  not  despair.  In  the  meantime  please 
send  any  piece  of  news  in  regard  to  your  Club  or  individual  members 
of  your  Club  to  the  editor. 

Do  you  remember  how  many  members  asked  for  a  Question  and 
Answer  department?  We  have  arranged  for  not  only  one  such  depart- 
ment but  several,  and  each  member  of  the  Board  of  Editors  awaits 
a  flood  of  questions  on  her  own  particular  subject.  Where  are  they? 
Send  them  to  the  Bulletin  and  they  will  be  distributed. 


Questions 
and  Answers 


During  the  winter  The  Weeders  of  Philadelphia  have  been  taking  The  Weed- 

a  course  in  architecture  and  landscape  design  under  the  guidance  ers  Course 

of  J.  Fletcher  Street,  Architect,  129  South  Fifth  Street,  Philadelphia,  in  Landscape 

The  course  has  fallen  under  the  following  heads  and  has  been  interest-  Gardening 
ing  and  practical:  The  Theory  and  Style  of  Landscape  Design,  Land- 
scape Characteristics  and  Effects,  Planting  Designs,  Types  of  Design. 


A  cauhflower  that  tried  to  set  an  example  for  other  vegetables  in 
beating  the  high  cost  of  living  was  placed  on  exhibition  in  the  Board  of 
Trade  office  today  by  W.  T.  Shield,  gardener  for  Mrs.  S.  W.  Allerton, 
1025  Highland  Street. 

The  cauhflower  weighs  21  pounds  and  contains  enough  good  food 
to  serve  as  a  vegetable  for  a  large  banquet.  Mr.  Shield  has  grown  a 
number  of  cauhflowers  weighing  from  15  to  18  pounds,  but  this  is  the 
largest  he  has  produced  in  his  garden. 

Mrs.  Allerton  is  a  member  of  the  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.,  Garden  Club. 

For  the  convenience  of  our  members  a  limited  number  of  tickets 
for  the  Flower  Show  will  be  for  sale  at  the  meeting  at  the  Colony  Club 
on  March  17  th. 

In  Sutton's  Order  Sheet  that  accompanies  their  Spring  Catalogue 
the  shiUings  and  pence  have  been  translated  to  dollars  and  cents  for 
the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  American  gardeners. 

49 


The  Cali- 
fornia 
Climate 


Tickets  for 
the  Flower 
Show 

Sutton's 
Catalogue 


Siberian  One  of  our  members  brought  over  from  England  last  fall  seeds  of 

Poppy-wort  the  blue  Siberian  Poppy -wort,  Meconopsis  Wallachi,  which  has  taken 
the  English  Amateurs  by  storm.  It  is  a  hardy  biennial  from  Siberia, 
and  grows  in  a  cool,  well  drained  and  semi-shaded  spot. 

It  is  illustrated  on  page  41  in  Miss  Jekyll's  Annuals  and  Biennals. 
The  seeds  are  being  started  for  us  in  some  of  the  botanical  gardens 
and  in  private  greenhouses  and  if  it  does  well  this  summer  in  American 
gardens  it  will  be  reported  in  these  pages. 

Note  the  subtle  compliment  to  our  Mrs.  Farrand  in  an  article  by 
the  great  William  Robinson  in  the  English  Garden  of  January  loth. 

Illinois  Plant  Governor  Lowden  of  Illinois  has  issued  a  proclamation  dated 

Quarantine  January  2,  1920,  declaring  it  will  be  unlawful  on  and  after  January 
20,  1920,  to  import  into  or  within  the  State  of  Illinois,  Corn,  Broom 
Corn,  Celery,  Dahlias,  Chrysanthemums,  Gladioli  and  Geraniums 
grown  in  the  states  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachu- 
setts, Rhode  Island,  Connecticut  and  New  York,  on  account  of  in- 
festation by  the  European  Corn  Borer. 

In  Memoriam 

Mrs.  Frederick  Greeley 

Club  Members  who  attended  the  last  Annual  Meeting  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  will  appreciate  the  sorrow  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  IlUnois  in  the  death  of  its  then  president,  Mrs.  Frederick 
Greeley.  Her  deUcacy,  charm  and  grace,  reflected  in  her  garden,  must 
be  to  them  a  pleasant  memory.  To  the  members  of  her  own  Club  she 
is  more  than  a  memory.  Her  mind,  her  person,  her  spirit  are  an  ever- 
living  influence.  Her  garden  friends  mourn  her  loss  but  rejoice  that 
they  have  been  privileged  to  call  her  friend. 


A  Letter 

About 

Wallflowers 


Letters  to  the  Bulletin 

Feb. loth,  1920 
My  Dear  Mrs.  Brewster  : 

My  Bulletin  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  for  January  has 
just  arrived,  and  as  I  always  read  it  through  at  once,  no  matter  what 
hour  of  the  day,  or  what  duty  presses,  may  I  not  also  write  at  once  a 
note  that  may  be  of  some  use,  in  connection  with  Miss  Jekyll's 
article — "A  Garden  of  Spring  Flowers." 

First  let  me  say  how  charming  it  is  to  have  the  Bulletin  once 
more,  and  with  what  deUghtful  contentment  one  reads  the  foreword 
in  this  month's  number  enjoying  in  anticipation  the  happiness  our 
gardens  are  going  to  give  us  this  year  after  these  many  sad  ones — 1918 

50 


was  America's  own  sad  one,  and  only  in  our  garden's  beauty  can  we 
in  time  forget. 

My  note  is  about  the  Wall  Flowers,  which  the  editor  says  in  the 
foot-note  to  Miss  Jekyll's  article,  "  can  be  used  only  as  an  Autumn 
flower  unfortunately  in  America,  and  then  are  successful  only  when 
the  first  frost  comes  late  in  the  season. " 

From  my  experience  with  wall-flowers  in  my  Pennsylvania  garden, 
one  could  follow  out  this  planting  plan  with  them  as  well  as  in  England, 
only  the  plants  would  not  be  so  large. 

Plant  the  seed  in  July;  one  could  plant  later  as  it  germinates  very 
quickly,  but  it  is  best  to  have  the  little  plants  well  up  and  transplanted 
before  the  heat  comes.  "  Spot  them  off  in  flats  "  as  the  gardeners  say, 
when  the  third  or  fourth  leaf  develops,  and  then  transplant  them  again 
to  boxes  3  or  4  inches  deep  and  about  3  inches  apart  each  way.  When 
the  second  transplanting  is  done,  pinch  the  center  or  tap  root,  slightly. 
Leave  the  plants  stand  in  these  boxes  the  rest  of  summer,  and  place 
in  cold  frame  over  winter.  In  early  spring  plant  them  out  and  they 
will  soon  burst  into  bloom,  even  though  they  will  only  be  a  half  foot 
high  they  make  a  brave  show. 

One  can  also  plant  the  seed  in  open  ground  in  July,  if  one  is  a 
hurried  gardener  such  as  I  am,  or  is  going  away  for  August  as  too 
many  of  us  did  in  the  old  days.  Then  the  planting  in  the  shallow 
boxes  and  the  pinching  back  of  the  root  can  take  place  in  September 
if  the  plants  are  not  too  big.  The  point  is  to  stunt  them  so  they  will 
not  get  too  lanky.  Some  will  be  too  big,  by  this  method  and  will 
have  to  be  lifted  into  a  deep,  cold  frame  for  winter,  where  they  may 
get  killed  off  by  low  temperature.  The  little  stocky  woody  ones  are 
more  immune.  And  they  look  very  fascinating  planted  out  in  Spring 
between  breeder  Tulips  and  red  shoots  of  up-coming  Peonies. 

Frances  Edge  McIlvaine 
GlenlsleFarm  ''The  Weeders" 

Downingtown,  Chester  Co.,  Penna. 

February  13, 1920 
My  Dear  Mrs.  Brewster, 

In  connection  with  your  note  to  Miss  Jekyll's  article  in  the  Jan- 
uary Bulletin  concerning  wallflowers,  in  which  you  state  that  they 
can  only  be  used  for  Autumn  effects,  and  ask  for  suggestions  as  to  a 
plant  of  similar  form  to  use  in  their  place,  I  am  enclosing  a  brief 
account  of  my  way  of  having  wallflowers  blooming  in  my  beds  in  the 
spring  which  I  think  is  not  too  troublesome  for  anyone  who  really 
cares  for  them.  It  took  me  several  years  to  work  it  out,  although  it 
sounds  simple,  and  it  may  save  time  for  somebody  else. 

Mary  M.  H.  La  Boiteaux 

51 


Wallflower  Spring  hardly  ever  wakes  all  the  favorites  in  our  borders,  no 

For  Spring        matter  with  what  care  we  have  tucked  them  away,  nor  how  kindly 
Blooming  the  snow  has  blanketed  them.  For  years  I  struggled  with  wallflowers, 

led  on  by  their  heavenly  fragrance,  and  by  the  fact  that  some  few  of 
them  stood  some  winters,  and  repaid  me  for  the  many  that  were  lost. 
At  last  I  have  hit  upon  a  device,  simple  enough  for  anyone  who  has  a 
cold  frame. 

I  raise  the  plants  from  seed  the  preceding  summer,  sowing  in 
July,  transplanting  twice,  finally  into  four  inch  pots.  These  are  set 
in  the  tall  end  of  the  cold  frame  late  in  October,  the  pots  being  sunk 
in  the  ground.  The  plants  are  then  about  ten  or  twelve  inches  high 
and  have  room  to  make  a  little  growth  and  set  their  buds  in  the  early 
spring. 

When  the  borders  are  ready,  so  are  the  plants,  and  they  are  really 
most  useful  for  fiUing  in  the  bare  spots  which  are  sure  to  appear  here 
and  there.  They  never  fade,  having  had  their  roots  undisturbed, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  of  their  doing  well. 

In  much  the  same  way  I  start  my  season  for  primroses  about 
two  weeks  ahead  by  wintering  a  good  many  plants  in  the  frame,  but 
these  do  not  require  pots  as  they  do  not  wilt  easily. 

With  these  two  helps  I  can  make  a  picture  in  my  garden  very  early 
in  the  spring,  and  without  much  danger  of  loss,  for  both  wallflowers 
and  primroses  stand  a  good  deal  of  cold.  The  primroses  which  have 
wintered  out  begin  to  bloom  a  little  before  the  forced  ones  are  over, 
and  my  primrose  season  lasts  about  five  weeks. 

Wallflowers  placed  among  plants  of  Mertensia  Virginica  make 
a  beautiful  effect. 

Mary  M.  H.  La  Boiteaux 

The  following  letter  from  one  of  the  most  enterprising  of  our 
smaller  nurseries  deserves  our  consideration  and  respect: 

February  12  th,  1920 
Rare  Plants  I  notice  what  you  say  regarding  the  necessity  of  gardeners  in  this 

country  now  trying  to  raise  their  own  choice  varieties  of  plants.  May 
I  not  suggest  that  this  is  just  what  we  have  been  trying  to  do  for  the 
American  pubHc  for  the  past  five  years?  We  have  hsted  Primula 
denticulata  and  P.  d.  alba,  along  with  thirty  other  varieties,  for  a  long 
time,  but  I  noticed  Mrs.  Hill  states  it  can  be  obtained  at  theLowthorp 
School. 

I  am  anxious  to  add  to  our  collection  just  as  fast  as  possible  but 
unless  the  American  public  recognizes  the  privilege  of  obtaining  these 
plants  without  the  trouble  and  expense  of  importing,  it  is  impossible 
for  us  to  make  the  list  as  large  as  we  would  like  to  do,  for  it  is  very 

52 


expensive  growing  the  choicer  varieties  of  many  plants  and  we  are 
not  a  wealthy  concern.  Many  things  that  we  grow  are  two  and  three 
years  germinating  from  seed,  which  is  the  only  stock  obtainable,  and 
then  more  years  are  required  to  work  up  a  stock. 

I  feel  that  the  Garden  Clubs  of  this  country  should,  in  a  measure, 
appreciate  and  encourage  our  efforts  by  their  patronage.  Am  I  not 
right? 

Very  sincerely, 

Mabel  Wolcott 
The  Wolcott  Nurser>% 
Jackson,  Michigan 

Announcements 

Seventh  Annual  International  Flower  Show 

Grand  Central  Palace,  New  York,  March  15-21,  1920. 

Orchid  Exhibitions  Revived 

by  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society 
The  Greatest  to  be  held  March  24—28,  1920 

This  society  has  planned  to  make  the  year  1920  one  memorable 
for  its  orchid  exhibitions,  and  has  arranged  to  have  during  1920 
monthly  exhibits  of  orchids  so  that  the  various  different  orchid  plants 
may  be  seen  in  the  halls  of  the  society  as  they  blossom  from  month  to 
month  throughout  the  year;  from  January  to  December. 

The  exhibits  will  be  given  on  the  following  dates:  February  28th, 
March  27th,  April  loth.  May  15th,  June  19th,  August  14th,  Sep- 
tember nth,  October  9th,  November  6th  and  December  i8th. 

The  grand  exhibition  of  orchids  and  other  plants  will  be  held 
March  24th  to  28th,  1920,  at  Horticultural  Hall,  Boston. 

New  York,  February  loth,  1920. 

Garden  Statuary 

Mrs.  Albert  Sterner  has  kindly  consented  to  assemble  a  collection 
of  new  and  charming  examples  of  garden  statuary,  fountains,  sundials, 
and  similar  ornaments  from  the  studios  of  some  of  our  most  gifted 
sculptors  to  be  on  exhibition  at  the  Knoedler  Galleries,  556  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York,  during  Flower  Show  Week,  March  15  th  to  21st 
and  the  week  following. 

The  scarcity  of  good  statuary  small  enough  to  be  in  scale  with 
little  gardens  or  really  fine  enough  to  be  acceptable  to  the  more  ex- 

53 


tensive  gardens,  has  been  felt  by  us  all.  In  asking  Mrs.  Sterner  to 
arrange  this  exhibition  for  us  we  feel  that  it  will  be  of  real  value  to 
our  members,  who  otherwise  would  have  had  to  delve  in  the  studios 
scattered  all  over  the  country  to  search  out  choice  new  fountains  or 
other  subjects. 

There  have  been  in  the  last  few  years  some  rarely  beautiful  and 
appropriate  garden  figures  created  by  our  sculptors  but  naturally 
we  hesitate  to  duplicate  in  our  own  garden  the  very  one  that  we  so 
admire  in  the  garden  of  our  friend,  with  the  result  that  we  have 
to  abandon  the  idea  of  owning  an  original  American  work  and  use 
instead,  the  charming  old  EngHsh  leaden  statue  so  suitable  to  the 
formal  gardens  of  the  Georgian  period. 

The  charm  of  garden  statuary  depends  largely  on  its  placing  and 
background.  It  cannot  have  decorative  success  no  matter  how  much 
intrinsic  merit,  unless  its  surroundings  are  in  keeping  and  its  base 
carefully  chosen. 

There  will  also  be  some  paintings  of  gardens  at  the  same  exhibition. 
There  is  nothing  we  amateur  gardeners  are  more  critical  of  than 
pictures  of  flower  gardens.  We  hope  that  Mrs.  Sterner  will  be  able 
to  convince  us  that  we  have  in  America  painters  who  can  catch  that 
fleeting  spirituahty  of  a  growing  garden  which  is  so  sadly  lacking  in 
most  of  the  pleasant  but  commonplace  garden  pictures  of  our  exhibi- 
tions. 

A.  G.  H. 

The  Tree 

By   Joyce    Kilmer 

I  think  I  shall  never  see 
A  poem  as  lovely  as  a  tree. 
A  tree  whose  hungry  mouth  is  prest 
Against  the  earth's  sweet  flowing  breast. 
A  tree  that  looks  at  God  all  day 
And  lifts  its  leafy  arms  to  pray; 
A  tree  that  may  in  summer  wear 
A  nest  of  robins  in  her  hair; 
Upon  whose  bosom  snow  has  lain; 
Who  intimately  lives  with  rain. 
Poems  are  made  by  fools  like  me, 
But  only  God  can  make  a  tree. 


54 


Membership  List  of 
The  Garden  Club  of  America 


Giving  Names  and  Addresses  of  Presidents  for  1919-1920 

Albemarle 
Mrs.  Harry  T.  Marshall, 

University,  Va. 

Allegheny    County 

Mrs.  Henry  Rea,  Sewickley,  Pennsylvania 


North    County 

Mrs.  Beekman  Winthrop,  38  E.  37th   Street 

New  York  City  and  Groton  Farm,  Westbury 

L.  I. 


Amateur  Gardeners  of  Baltimore 

Miss  Dora  L.  Murdoch,  245  West  Biddle  Street, 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Bedford 

Mrs.  Rollin  Saltus,  Mount  Kisco, 

New    York 

Chestnut   Hill 

Mr.  R.  M.  Saltonstall,  Chestnut  Hill, 

Massachusetts 

Cincinnati 

Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft,  3329  Morrison  Avenue, 

Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland 

Mrs.  John  E.  Newell,  West  Mentor,  Ohio 

Easthampton 

Mrs.  William  A.  Lockwood,  780  Park  Avenue, 

N.  Y.,  and  Easthampton,  L.  I. 

Fauquier  &"  Loudoun 

Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison,  Belvoir  House, 

Belvoir,  Va. 

Greenwich 

Mrs.  Franklin  Edson 

Greenwich,  Conn. 

Green     Spring     Valley 

Mrs.   William   V.   Elder,   Glyndon,   Maryland 

Harford     County 
Sec'y.,  Miss  E.  Rush  Williams,  Bel  Air,  Md. 

Hartford 

Mrs.  Robert  W.  Gray,  Weekapaug.  R.  I.  and 

54  Huntington  Street,  Hartford,  Connecticut 

Illinois 

Mrs.  Horace  H.  Martin,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 

Mrs.  E.  A.  Potter,  Chicago  Beach  Hotel,  Chicago 

and  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 

Litchfield 

Mrs.    S.   Edson   Gage,   309    Sanford   Avenue, 

Flushing,  L.  I.,  and  West  Morris,  Conn. 

Lenox 

Miss  Heloise  Meyer,  Lenox,  Mass. 

Michigan 

Mrs.   John    Newberry,    Grosse   Pointe    Farms 

Michigan 

MiLLBROOK 

Mrs.    Oakleigh    Thome,    Millbrook,    N.     Y. 

and   Santa    Barbara,    California 

The  Gardeners  of 

Montgomery  and  Delaware  Counties 

Mrs.  Horace  Bullock,  Ardmore,  Pennsylvania 

Morristown 

Mrs.  Gustav  E.  Kissel  12  East  S3d  Street 

New  York,  and  Morristown,  New  Jersey 

New     Canaan 

Mrs.   Henry  W.    Chappell,   n?   E.   64th   St., 

New  York  and  High  Ridge  Road 

New  Canaan,  Conn. 
Newport  Garden  Association 
Miss  Wetmore,  630  Park  Avenue, 
New  York  City,  and  Newport,  R.  I, 


North    Shore 

Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  95  Beacon  Street, 

Boston,  Mass.,  and  Manchester,  Mass. 

Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties 

Dr.   Edward  L.   Partridge,   19   Fifth  Avenue, 

New  York  and  Cornwall-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Philadelphia 
Mrs.  Charles  Biddle,  Andalusia,  Pennsylvania 

Philipstown 
Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  45  East  S3d  Street, 
New  York  and  Garrison,  New  York 

Princeton 
Mrs.  George  A.  Armour,  Princeton,  New  Jersey 

Ridgefbeld 

Mrs.  George  Pratt  Ingersoll,  Ridgefield,  Conn. 

and  Stamford,  Corm. 

RUMSON 

Mrs.   Harding   Crawford,  41   W.   5  7th   Street 
New  York  and  Rumson,  New  jersey 

Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton 

Mrs.  Ernest  H.  Dinning,  Ruxton,  Baltimore 

Co.,  Md. 

Rye 

Mrs.  A.  William  Putnam,  Rye,  New  York 

Santa  Barbara 

Mrs.  Edwin  H.  Sawyer,  200  West  Victoria  St. 

Santa  Barbara,  California 

Shaker  Lakes 

Mrs.   James  H.   Rogers,   1920  E.   93d   Street 

Cleveland,    Ohio 

Short  Hills 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr., 

Short  Hills,  New  Jersey 

Somerset    Hills 

Mrs.  Francis  G.  Lloyd,  157  East  71st  Street 

New  York  and  Bernardsville,  New  Jersey 

Southampton 
Mrs.  Harry  Pelham  Robbins,  19  East  Both  St., 
New  York  and  Southampton,  L.  I. 

Trenton 

Miss  Frances  M.  Dickinson,  479  W.  State  St. 

Trenton,  New  Jersey 

Twenty 

Mrs.    W.    Irving    Keyser 

Stevenson,   Maryland 

Ulster  County 

Mrs.  John  Washburn,   Saugerties,  New  York 

Warrenton 
Mrs.  Samuel  A.  Appleton,  Warrenton,  Virginia 

Washington,     Connecticut 
Mrs.    Arthur   Shipman,    1067    Asylum    Street. 
Hartford  and   Washington,   Connecticut 
Weeders 
Mrs.  Alfred  Stengel,  1728  Spruce  Street. 

Philadelphia  and  Newton  Square,  Pa. 


Important  Notice.  This  list  has  been  compiled  from  lists  received 
by  the  Secretary.  If  any  errors  in  names  or  addresses  occur,  kindly 
notify  the  Secretary  immediately  that  correction  may  be  made 
both  in  the  Club  file  and  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin. 


Bulletin  Information 

Subscrip-  At  the  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  on  December  ist  it  was 

tion  to  the         decided  that  members  should  be  allowed  to  subscribe  to  the  Bulletin 
Bulletin  for  non-members.    This  will  not  throw  open  our  subscription  list  to 

the  public,  but  it  will  make  it  possible  for  anyone  really  interested  to 
receive  it  regularly.  The  discussion  which  led  to  this  decision  is  too 
long  to  give  in  detail,  but  if  you  wish  to  subscribe  for  some  friend,  as 
a  gift,  or  sponsor  the  subscription  of  some  non-member  you  may  do  so. 
The  subscription  price  is  $1.50.  The  name  and  address  of  the 
subscriber  and  the  member  through  whom  the  subscription  is  sent 
should  be  forwarded  to  the  editor,  together  with  a  check  made  pay- 
able to  the  Garden  Club  oe  America, 

Extra  copies  of  the  Bulletin  may  be  had  for  25  cents  each. 
To  Club  It  is  found  that  some  copies  of  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin  go 

Secretaries:       astray.    To  save  time  it  has  been  decided  to  send  to  each  Club  secre- 
Important  tary  three  extra  copies  to  be  given  to  any  members  of  their  Club  who 

fail  to  receive  their  copy.    Please  explain  this  to  your  Club  at  your 
next  meeting. 
To  Club  When  your  copy  of  the  Bulletin  does  not  reach  you  please  apply 

Members  to  the  Secretary  of  your  Club  who  will  have  extra  copies  for  replacing 

those  lost  in  the  mail. 
Articles  for  The  editor  would  be  grateful  for  articles  of  from  500  to  2,500 

Publication  words.  In  the  November  issue  of  the  Bulletin  a  Hst  of  subjects  of 
part'cular  interest  to  our  members  was  printed  and  we  had  hoped  that 
contributions  upon  these  and  other  subjects  would  be  submitted. 
We  must,  however,  make  two  stipulations;  that  all  articles  be  type- 
written and  that  they  reach  us  four  weeks  before  the  issue  for  which 
they  are  intended  goes  to  press. 

In  writing  to  the  Bulletin  please  give  your  full  name  and  ad- 
dress and  also  the  name  of  the  Member  Club  to  which  you  belong. 
The  Bulletin  file  is.  arranged  by  Clubs  and  unless  all  informa- 
tion asked  for  above  is  given  confusion  may  arise. 


Board  of  Editors 


Chairman 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER, 

Lake  Forest,  III.,  and  1220  Lake 
Shore  Drive,  Chicago 

The  Gardener's  Miscellany 
MRS.  ROBERT  C.  HILL 

EasTHAMPTON,  L.  I.,  ANT)  960 

Park  Ave.,  New  York 
Plant  Material 
MRS.  CHARLES  W.  HUBBARD 
WiNNETKA,  III. 


(Incomplete) 

Secretary  (Ex-officto) 
MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT 

Glen  Cove,  L.  I.,  and  820  Fifth 

Ave.,  New  York 
Garden  Literature 
MRS.  WILLIAM  K.  WALLBRIDGE 
Short  Hills,  N.  J.,  and  33  W. 
51ST,     New    York 
Garden  Pests  and  Remedies 
MRS.  BENJAMIN  WARREN 
Grosse  Pointe  Shores,  Mich. 


Special  Plant  Societies 

MRS.  JOHN  A.  STEWART,  JR. 

Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

56 


:'  bulletin  of  •    ^  - 

^be  (3arbcn  Club 

of  Hmerica 

May,  1920  No.  IV  (New  Series) 


President  Vice-President 

MRS.  J.  WILLIS  MARTIN  MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 

Chestnxtt  Hili,,  Phuadelphxa,  Pa.  Alma,  Michigan                           ■  :■ 
Treasurer 

MRS.  H.  D.  AUCHINCLOSS  MRS.  JOHN  E.  NEWELL 

5Z    E.    67TH    Street,    New  York,    and  West  Mentor,  Ohio 
Newport,  R.  I. 

Secretary  MRS.  OAKLEIGH  THORNE 

MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT  Millbrook,  N.  Y.,  and 

820  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York,  and  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 
Glen  Cove,  L.  I. 

Librarian  MRS.  SAMUEL  SLOAN 

MRS.  FREDERICK  L.  RHODES  45    East   S3d   Street,  New    York,    and 

Short  Hills,  N.  J.  Garrison,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

MRS.   WALTER  S.   BREWSTER 

1220  Lake  Shor?  Drive,  Chicago,  and  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 


The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 


Now  wintry  winds  are  banished  from  the  sky, 
Gay  laughs  the  blushing  face  of  flowery  spring: 
Now  lays  the  land  her  duskier  raiment  by 
And  dons  her  grass-green  vest,  for  signal  why 
Young  plants  may  choose  themselves  apparelling. 

Now,  drinking  tender  dews  of  generous  morn, 
The  meadows  break  into  their  summer  smile, 
The  rose  unfolds  her  leaves;   and  glad,  the  while, 
In  far-off  hiUs  the  shepherd  winds  his  horn, 
And  his  white  brede  the  goatherd's  heart  beguile. 


Now  tendrils  curl  and  earth  bursts  forth  anew — 
Now  shepherds  pipe  and  fleecy  flocks  are  gay — 
Now  sailors  sail,  and  Bacchus  gets  his  due — 
Now  wild  birds  chirp  and  bees  their  toil  pursue — 
Sing,  poet,  thou — and  sing  thy  best  for  May. 

Meleager  in  The  Greek  Anthology. 


"On  the  amateur  lady  gardeners  of  America  rests  the  future  of 
horticulture  in  America."  Mr.  E.  H.  Wilson  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum 
made  this  statement  with  scheming  conviction  and  not  without  con- 
sideration. 

It  is  rather  a  call  to  arms,  isn't  it,  and  we  who  have  taken  our 
stand  not  too  publicly  as  exponents  of  better  gardening,  can  we  afford 
to  ignore  it? 

We  must  admit  that  the  really  good  man  horticulturist  is  rather 
better  than  the  good  woman  horticulturist  but  as  we  think  over  the 
people  we  know  who  have  gardens,  we  come  to  reaKze  that  it  is 
usually  the  woman  of  the  family  who  has  the  deepest  and  m.ost 
abiding  interest  in  growing  things.  It  is  she  who  plans,  orders,  praises 
and  complains.  Her  superintendent  or  gardener  may  be  the  medium 
through  whom  her  likes  and  dislikes  reach  the  nursery  or  seedsman 
but  if  she  is  any  sort  of  a  gardener,  their  expression  is  an  ultimatum. 

There  are  manifold  troubles  besetting  the  gardener's  path  just 
now:  scarcity  of  labor,  results  of  enforced  neglect  during  the  war. 
Quarantine  37,  enormously  increased  expense,  and  if  we  are  downed 
by  all  these  things  our  gardens  and  with  them  the  gardens  of  the 
future  mil  go.  We  need  not  argue  for  or  against  the  value  of  our 
craft.  We  stated  our  position  and  belief  when  we  formed  the  Garden 
Club  of  America.  Now  the  object  of  our  association  in  that  Club 
is  to  ensure  the  future  of  horticulture  and  fulfill  our  destiny. 

Increased  expense  is  an  economic  question  we  cannot  hope  to 
solve  as  a  separate  issue  but  with  what  money  we  have  to  spend  we 
can  do  a  few  good  things  instead  of  a  number  of  insignificant  ones. 
Our  decreased  labor  we  can  use  wisely,  too;  and  have  you  thought 
how  much  our  Member  Clubs  can  do  toward  influencing  and  training 
young  [gardeners?  We  can  hold  out,  the  hope  of  adequate  pay 
for  thoughtful  and  disinterested  work.  We  can  recognize  gardening 
as  the  "oldest,  most  honorable  and  most  elevating  of  callings"  and, 
as  such,  a  profession  worthy  to  be  studied  and  esteemed.  Perhaps 
some  of  the  things  we  lost  through  neglect  were  not  worth  having 
and  surely  we  have  found  out  what  things  we  have  really  missed  and 
cannot  do  without.  And  if  we  will  just  read  the  modest  pages  of  the 
Bulletin  we  shall  find  out  what  Quarantine  37  is  doing  to  us  and 
what  we  can  do  about  it. 

There  are  problems  for  us  to  solve  and  work  for  us  to  do  and 
their  solution  and  accomplishment  will  result  not  merely  in  small 
personal  pleasures  and  attainments.  If  we  will  garden  finely,  acquir- 
ing knowledge,  overcoming  obstacles,  restraining  trivial  likings, 
demanding  right  simpKcity,  though  the  desert  may  be  slow  to  blos- 
som our  trail  may  soon  be  easily  followed. 

For  the  little  that  each  one  of  us  can  do  a  reward  has  been  offered. 


In  memory  of  Mrs.  Renwick  who  truly  gardened  finely,  the  Short 
Hills  Garden  Club  offers  a  medal,  to  be  known  as  the  "Emily  D, 
Renwick  Achievement  Medal."  Each  year  it  will  be  awarded  to  the 
Garden  Club  member  who  best  deserves  it.  It  is  worth  working 
for  and  worth  winning,  but  unless  many  of  us  work  no  one  will  be 
v/orth}^  of  it. 

Our  other  medal,  the  Medal  of  Honor,  will  be  ready,  too,  this 
year.  It  will  go  to  the  American  who  has  achieved  most  in  horticul- 
ture. That  member,  we  assume  might  and  should  some  day  be  a 
Club  member. 

With  these  two  honors  to  be  won,  with  Mr.  Wilson's  assertion 
to  spur  us  on,  can  we  fail  to  unfurl  our  colors  as  the  cham^pions  of 
American  Horticulture?  K.L.B. 

Very  Important 

The  North  Shore  Garden  Club 

of 

Massachusetts 

Proposed  Programme  for  Annual  Meeting 
June  29,  30  and  July  i,  1920 

June  28        Arrival  of  delegates. 

June  28        8  p.m.    Executive  Committee  Meeting. 

June  29  10  a.m.  Loj^ve  Manchester  Horticultural  Hall  in  motors, 
visit  ]Vft^~"©^e^e«se's  and  Mrs.  Coolidge's,  go  to  "Indian 
Hill,"  West  Newbury,  visit  house  and  garden,  go  to  Mrs. 
Moseley's,  Newburyport.  Luncheon  by  invitation  of  Mrs. 
Moseley. 

2  p.m.    Business  Meeting  at  Mrs.  Moseley's. 
4  p.m.    Visit  the  place  and  gardens  and  motor  to  Mrs. 
Crane's  "  Castle  Hill,"    Visit  the  place  and  gardens.    Dinner 
by  invitation  of  Mrs.  Crane. 

8  p.m.    Council  of  Presidents^  ^^M%^a 

June  30  10  a.m.    Business  Meeting  at  JManchester  (j^ace  to  be' 

announced).  Visit  North  Shore  Horticultural  Society 
Flower  Show  in  Horticultural  Show,  Manchester.  Lunch- 
eon at  Mrs.  Crosby's,  West  Manchester,  b}'-  invitation  of 
Mrs.  Crosby. 

2  p.m.  Leave  Mrs.  Crosby's  by  motor  and  go  to  Eastern 
Point,  Gloucester.  Visit  Miss  Davison's  and  Miss  Hawley's 
place  and  several  neighboring  places.  Return  by  motor 
as  far  as  Crow  Island  Beach  where  we  leave  the  motors 
and  walk  along  the  shore  to  Mrs.  Hopkinson's,  Miss  Sturgis' 
and  Mrs.  Lane's. 


5  p.m.    Tea  by  invitation  of  Mrs.  Lane. 

5:30  p.m.  Leave  Mrs.  Lane's  by  motor  and  go  to 
Pride's  Crossing.  Walk  up  Miss  Loring's  avenue  and 
across  beach  to  Mrs.  Shaw's,  where  motors  will  meet  us  and 
take  us  to  Mrs.  Moore's. 

7  p.m.    Dinner  by  invitation  of  Mrs.  Moore. 
July  I  10  a.m.     Leave  Horticultural  Hall,  Manchester,  and 

motor  via  Danvers,  Salem  and  Nahant,  visiting  some  of  the 
old  houses  and  gardens,  to  the  Brookline  Country  Club  for 
luncheon. 

Meetings  of  small  committees. 

Visit  the  Arnold  Arboretum. 

This  programme  is  subject  to  slight  changes. 

Instructions 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  for  the 
year  1920  will  be  held  at  the  invitation  of  the  North  Shore  Garden 
Club  of  Massachusetts,  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  President,  Manchester, 
Massachusetts. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  ofiScers  and  delegates  will  arrive  in  the  late 
afternoon  of  Monday,  June  28th. 

Arrangements  will  be  made  by  the  Hostess  Club  for  the  accom- 
modation of  officers  and  delegates.  If  they  have  made  plans  to  stop 
with  friends  they  are  asked  to  so  indicate  on  the  enclosed  cards.* 

It  will  be  helpful  if  officers  and  delegates,  living  within  a  reasonable 
distance,  will  bring  their  own  motors. 

Since  the  distances  on  the  North  Shore  are  great  and  most  of  the 
places  to  be  visited  are  inaccessible  by  train  or  trolley,  it  is  suggested 
that  non-delegates  and  members-at-large  form  motor  parties.  If 
it  is  impossible  to  bring  their  own  motors,  motors  may  be  hired. 

To  facilitate  arrangements  it  is  requested  that  only  hand  luggage 
be  brought.    No  evening  dresses  will  be  needed. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  on  December  8,  1919, 
the  following  resolution  was  passed: 

That  owing  to  the  increasing  size  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America, 
•//  has  been  found  necessary  to  make  some  slight  changes  in  the  hitherto  in- 
formal arrangements  for  the  Annual  Meeting.  As  this  is  the  occasion  most 
interesting  to  Garden  Club  members,  the  Executive  Committee  hopes  for 
a  large  attendance  and  feels  that  as  many  members  as  possible  should  attend 
the  meeting. 

The  business  organisation  of  the  meeting  allows  for  two  delegates ,  one  of 
whom  is  the  President,  or  her  duly  appointed  alternate,  from'  each  Club,  the 
other  a  duly  appointed  delegate  from  that  Club.  The  members  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  and  members  of  the 

*The  cards  referred  to  throughout  are  being  mailed,  together  with  a  letter,  of 
which  these  Inslrticlions  are  a  copy,  to  all  Presidents  of  Member  Clubs. 


Edilorial  staff  of  the  Bulletin  are  also  invited.  All  other  members  may 
attend  as  non-delegates  and  are  very  welcome,  as  their  presence  is  an  evidence 
of  interest  and  enthusiasm. 

In  response  to  requests  from  many  members,  to  facilitate  future  arrange- 
ments and  to  meet  the  convenience  of  both  delegates  and  non-delegates  the  follow- 
ing motion  has  been  passed  by  the  Executive  Committee: 

That  officers  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  members  of  the  Editorial 
staff  of  the  Bulletin,  and  duly  appointed  delegates  shall  be  the  official  guests 
of  the  Hostess  Club.  The  aforementioned  members  should  address  questions 
to  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  Manchester,  Massachusetts. 

That  non-delegates  and  member s-at-large  are  cordially  urged  to  attend 
the  Annual  Meeting  unofficially  and  shall  be  welcome  to  all  gardens  open, 
to  the  Club  and  may  attend  the  business  meetings,  though  they  may  not  vote. 

That  a  special  committee  of  the  Hostess  Club  shall  form  a  Committee  on 
Arrangements  for  non-delegates,  and  members-at-large,  the  duties  of  said 
committee  to  be  to  give  information  on  hotel  accommodations,  rental  of  motors, 
routes,  meals  and  so  forth.  This  committee  has  been  appointed  tvith  Mrs. 
Gardiner  M.  Lane,  Manchester,  Massachusetts,  as  Chairman,  to  whom,  non- 
delegates  and  members-at-large  should  address  questions. 

That  all  delegates  and  non-delegates,  and  members-at-large  shall  be 
responsible  for  their  own  hotel  expenses. 

No  member  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  will  receive  her 
badge  unless  she  has  sent  her  proper  card  of  introduction  to  the  Hostess 
Club,  and  presents  in  person  the  duplicate  of  the  corresponding 
number  at  the  office  designated  by  the  Hostess  Club.  Cards  for 
presidents  or  alternates,  duly  appointed  delegates,  and  non-delegates 
will  be  issued  only  upon  application  of  the  Presidents  of  the  Member 
Clubs  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  Mrs. 
Harold  Irving  Pratt,  820  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  Cards  for  the 
national  officers  and  the  Editorial  staff  of  the  Bulletin  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  and  for  members-at-large  will  be  issued 
directly  to  them  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

It  is  essential  that  all  Club  members  who  expect  to  attend  the  meeting 
notify  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club  not  later  than  May  2jth. 

Wild  Gardening     '^ 

Gertrude  Jekyll,  V.M.H. 
It  is  only  within  the  last  forty  years  that  we  have  become  aware 
of  the  possibility  of  extending  our  gardening  into  the  wild,  and  it 
seems  strange  that  it  should  be  so,  because  already  in  Tudor  times 
it  was  foreshadowed  as  a  regular  garden  practice.  Thus,  we  read  in 
Bacon's  Essays,  in  his  ordering  of  a  stately  garden  of  some  thirty 
acres,  there  is  first  the  quiet  green  forecourt  leading  to  the  house, 
then  the  main  garden,  and  lastly  the  "Heath  or  Desart  in  the  going 
forth."  And  though  in  this  "heath,"  some  of  his  planting,  of  standard 
roses  and  shaped  evergreens  is  such  as  we  should  now  reject,  yet  we 
cannot  improve  upon  his  counsel  to  have  thickets  of  Sweetbriars  and 
Honeysuckle  and  on  the  ground  Thyme  for  its  sweetness  when  crushed 
underfoot. 


It  must  not  be  supposed  that  wild  gardening  is  easy;  I  am  inclined 
to  think  that  to  do  it  worthily  needs  more  knowledge  of  the  ways 
of  plants  than  is  wanted  for  any  other  kind  of  garden  work.  But 
if  one  may  attempt  to  formulate  something  in  the  way  of  rules,  one 
of  the  first  of  these  should  certainly  be  to  observe  the  necessity  of 
moderation  and  restraint.  The  sentiment  to  be  created  and  fostered 
is  the  charm  of  a  succession  of  gentle  surprises  of  delight,  rather  than 
a  series  of  rude  shocks  of  astonishment.  This  is  where  we  are  so 
greatly  helped  by  the  indications  of  nature,  for  our  best  conception 
of  our  subject  is  engendered  by  what  we  have  seen  in  the  wild.  One 
at  a  time  some  lovely  effect  is  noted — of  a  Dog  Rose  clambering 
through  a  Thorne;  of  a  stretch  of  woodland  rosy  with  its  Flowering 
Willow;*  of  a  copse  floor  blue  with  Bluebells**  or  closely  studded 
with  bosses  of  Primrose;  of  quiet  stretches  of  purple-gray  or  ruddy 
heathland.  In  these  and  in  many  other  examples  of  natui'e's  garden- 
ing we  see  one  thing  at  a  time  thoroughly  well  done — it  is  all  large 
and  simple.  The  plants  may  be  only  a  few  or  they  may  be  in  tens  of 
thousands,  but  they  are  absolutely  rightly  placed  and  in  their  proper 
environment. 

The  character  of  the  ground  to  be  dealt  with  must  needs  govern 
the  choice  of  plants.  It  may  be  a  dry  upland  field,  requiring  some 
prehminary  planting  of  trees  and  bushes,  or  it  may  be  a  cool  meadow, 
or  even  a  bit  of  boggy  ground;  or  a  rocky  hillside  or  an  old  quarry, 
all  demanding  special  treatment.  Perhaps  the  most  favorable  state 
of  things  is  where  a  garden  joins  some  half  open  woodland,  when  the 
planting  can  go  forward,  changing  its  character  almost  imperceptibly 
from  home  to  wild. 

It  should  be  observed  that  the  plants  that  by  long  association 
with  the  home  garden  are  fixed  in  the  mind  as  garden  plants,  are 
among  the  least  suitable  for  putting  out  in  the  wild,  and  it  so  happens 
that,  in  the  case  of  some  kinds,  the  rule  is  just  reversed  in  our  two 
countries.  Thus,  the  perennial  Asters,***  commonly  known  as  the 
Michaelmas  Daisies,  being  wild  plants  in  the  States,  are  there  suited 
for  the  wild  garden,  while  with  us  they  are  exclusively  garden  plants, 
for,  except  for  one  species,  common  in  the  salt  marshes  but  of  no 
horticultural  value,  the  genus  is  not  represented  in  our  island.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  the  perennial  Sunflowers.  But  there  is  no  reason 
why  the  better  kinds  of  the  Asters  may  not  come  into  the  wild  garden 
in  the  States;  best  of  all  some  of  the  large-bloomed,  free  branching 
kinds  derived  from  A.  Novi  Belgi.  But  here  will  come  in  the  need 
for  restraint,  for  the  numbers  of  good  kinds  are  now  so  many  that  it 

'^'Epilobium  angustlJoUum. 
**ScUla  feslalis — A gr aphis  nutans. 
***Asters  Novi-Belgi,  Nova  Anglice,  etc. 

6 


may  be  difficult  to  make  a  choice.  One  kind  in  fair  number,  or  two 
related  kinds,  to  be  seen  at  the  same  time,  will  be  best.  On  the  other 
hand  we  have  in  England  vast  stretches  of  moorland  on  poor,  sandy 
soil — thousands  of  acres  at  a  time  even  in  the  home  coimties — while 
in  the  north  it  covers  square  miles  without  end.  Therefore  there  is 
nothing  more  suitable,  in  our  lighter  soils,  than  a  wild  heath  garden, 
where  the  native  species  form  a  groundwork  for  the  Mediterranean, 
Spanish  and  Alpine  kinds. 

As  all  of  the  possible  phases  of  wild  gardening  cannot  be  dealt  -v^dth 
within  the  compass  of  one  article,  let  us  take  an  example  of  a  garden 
that  extends  to  the  edge  of  partly  wooded  ground,  consider  how  it 
may  be  treated,  taking  separately  one  or  two  different  paths  from 
home  garden  to  woodland,  on  a  soil  inclining  to  Hght.  One  of  the 
paths  passes  through  a  plantation  of  Rhododendrons  and  the  other 
through  Azaleas,  and  though  botanists  now  put  Rhododendrons  and 
Azaleas  together,  yet  for  garden  purposes  it  is  well  to  retain  the 
separate  names  so  as  to  keep  them  distinct;  for,  though  they  flower 
nearly  at  the  same  time,  their  habit — and  in  some  way  their  uses  are 
very  dissimilar.  For  one  thing  Rhododendrons  form  a  delightful 
\^inter  shelter,  and  a  seat  somewhere  among  them  may  form  an 
enjoyable  winter  sun-trap,  while  the  Azaleas  are  quite  bare  of  leaves. 
Then  their  colours  do  not  always  agree.  Even  among  the  Rhododen- 
drons alone  there  has  to  be  a  careful  selection  for  color.  It  wiU  be 
found  best  to  keep  the  true  purple,  kinds  that  are  near  the  t}^e 
ponticum,  away  from  the  hybrids  of  catawhiense,  and  these  pontica 
being  of  large  growth  should  be  nearest  the  wild  garden  side.  They 
also  do  well  and  look  best  in  the  near  neighborhood  and  partial  shade 
of  trees  and  their  foliage  is  the  finest  in  -winter.  Birches  accompany 
them  well,  the  silvery  stems  showing  up  finely  among  the  dusk  leaf 
masses.  If  the  place  is  suitable  for  undershrubs  there  are  Gaultheria 
shallon  and  Andromeda  axillaris  and  some  of  the  Vacciniums  and  the 
Candleberry  Gale  {Myrica  cerifera).  This  deHghtful  sweet-leaved 
shrub  should  occur  often  near  the  paths,  so  that  a  leaf  or  two  may 
be  readity  picked  and  crushed  in  the  hand  for  the  sake  of  enjo}dng 
its  incomparable  scent.  And,  it  may  well  be  planted  on  each  side  of 
some  very  narrow  secondary  path  where  the  passer-by  must  necessarily 
brush  up  against  it. 

With  the  Birches  there  should  be  some  common  green  Hollies, 
and  by  this  time  we  are  quite  in  the  wild  land.  Soon  the  HoUies  and 
Birches  give  place  to  Oaks  and  Hazels,  but  between  them  is  a  space 
of  fairly  open  ground;  here  is  a  chance  to  plant  some  Daffodils  of 
the  yeUow  or  bicolor  Trumpet  kinds.  We  try  to  place  them  as  nature 
plants  and  for  a  general  rule  this  may  be  described  as  first  a  nucleus, 
where  the  bulbs  are  fairly  close  together,  v.ith  others  more  singly 


streaming  away;  but  it  may  be  easily  shown  by  a  diagram.  Where 
there  is  a  fair  space,  or  nothing  growing  on  the  floor  of  the  wood  but 
its  own  thin  grasses  and  mosses  and  other  lowly  plants,  it  has  a  good 
effect  if  the  groups  are  in  a  series  of  nearly  parallel  drifts,  preferably 
running  north  and  south;  for  then  in  low  evening  sunlight,  when 
yellow  Daffodils  look  their  best  and  the  whole  garden  picture  is 
mellowed  with  golden  light,  the  level  lines  of  nodding  bloom  are  sur- 
prisingly beautiful. 

Where  the  trees  give  place  to  httle  thickets  of  something  between 
bush  and  small  tree  we  plant  in  with  it  some  rambling  rose  with  single 
bloom — best  of  all  the  free  growing  EvangeKne,  whose  flowers  are 
much  like  the  wild  Dog  Rose  in  character,  but  are  larger  and  of  greater 
substance  and  borne  in  more  generous  clusters.  It  is  a  perfect  Rose 
for  the  wild  garden  though  the  Himalayan  Musk  Rose  (R.  moschata) 
runs  it  very  close.  Other  thickets  would  have  Honeysuckle;  such  free 
growing  kinds  as  what  are  known  as  the  Early  and  Late  Dutch 
Honeysuckle  {Louicera  Peridymenium  Belgica  and  serotina)  or  some 
of  the  type  Clematis  such  as  Montana  and  Flammula  or  the  wild  Grape 
Vines  Thunbergi  and  Coignetiae.  The  thickets  themselves — ^in  England 
usually  of  Whitethorn  or  Blackthorne,*  with  or  without  Holly,  may 
be  of  any  handsome  fruiting  bushes,  such  as  Euonymus  europaeus 
(Spindle  Tree)  the  Siberian  Crabs  {Pyriis  baccaia  and  P.  prunifolia) 
the  scarlet-fruited  Thorn  (Crataegus  coccinia)  and  the  Indian  Coto- 
neaster  frigida.  Pretty  small  trees  such  as  Amelanchier  canadensis 
are  also  delightful  things  in  the  wild  ground. 

The  other  path  from  the  home  garden  that  also  leads  to  the  wood- 
land passes  first  through  ground  where  a  natural  growth  of  Birch 
and  Holly  comes  next  to  the  garden.  The  path  lies  in  a  sHght  hollow 
with  easy  banks  on  each  side  and,  here  and  there,  a  cool  bay  level  with 
the  path  or  even  a  little  below  it.  On  the  banks  are  large  groups  of 
common  hardy  Ferns  and  there  is  a  natural  background  of  Bracken 
(Pteris  aguilina) .  The  level  and  sunk  bogs  are  deeply  prepared  with 
leaf  mold;  in  one  is  the  Wood  Lily  (Trillium),  in  another  Bloodroot 
(Sanguinaria)  and  in  the  deepest  and  coolest  the  Royal  Fern  (Os- 
munda  regalis).  At  the  back  there  are  wide-spreading  patches  of 
Solomon's  Seal  (Polygonatum  officinale),  a  true  wood  plant,  and,  stand- 
ing up  in  the  Bracken  background,  large  groups  of  pure  white  Fox- 
glove. The  walk  goes  gently  uphill  and  presently  comes  to  an  open 
clearing  some  sixty  feet  across  and  a  hundred  and  fifty  long.  The 
path  now  takes  an  easy  winding  line  and  here  and  there  are  the  Azaleas. 
They  are  in  sunlight  more  or  less  for  the  greater  part  of  the  day,  but 
the  surrounding  trees  shift  the  sunny  places  so  that  none  are  subject 
to  a  whole  day's  burning  heat.  They  stand  well  apart,  eight  feet  or 
*Crataegus  oxyacantha  and  Prunus  spinosa. 

8 


more  from  plant  to  plant,  so  that  they  have  space  to  develop  well 
and  to  grow  into  their  small  tree  form.  They  are  the  hardy  "  Ghent" 
kind  and,  though  no  Azaleas  actually  clash  for  color,  they  are 
planted  so  that  those  of  tender  tinting  are  at  the  two  ends,  with  a 
gorgeous  mass  of  the  reds  and  yellows  towards  the  middle  of  the 
length.  Planted  ■v\dth  them  is  again  the  sweet  Candleberry  Gale, 
and  the  Vacciniums  that  turn  so  fine  a  red  in  autumn  when  the 
Azalea  leaves  are  also  richly  colored.  Treated  in  this  manner, 
almost  by  themselves  in  ground  of  a  wild  character,,  these  beautiful 
Azaleas  are  much  more  effective  than  in  tamer  garden  use. 

The  many  bulbous  plants,  besides  the  Daffodils,  that  flower  in 
the  early  year,  are  more  enjoyable  and  show  their  truest  beauty  to 
much  greater  advantage  in  the  wilder  ground  than  in  the  restricted 
garden.  The  fine  Dutch  Crocuses,  as  well  as  several  species,  are  at 
their  best  in  their  turf;  Sundrops  are  happiest  under  trees  in  any 
strong  soil;  the  Summer  Snowflake  {Leucojum  aestmum)  revels  in 
moist  ground.  Spanish  Squills  {Scilla  campanulata)  are  lovely  with 
pale  Primroses  under  trees,  and  the  smaller  Scillas  and  Chionodoxas 
in  sunny  banks.  Then,  besides  the  bulbous  plants  there  are  many 
that  are  better  in  the  T\ild  ground  than  in  the  garden,  such  as  the 
blue  Itahan  Anemone  appenina,  the  deeper  blue  Greek  A.  hlanda  and 
all  the  varieties  of  the  wood  Anemone  (.4.  nemorosa). 

Dehghtful  though  the  home  garden  may  be  there  will  be  found 
in  this  kind  of  wild  planting  a  whole  new  range  of  interest  and  percep- 
tion of  beauty  in  the  ways  of  growing  and  flowering  things. 

Swarms  and  Their  Management 

Letitia  E.  Wright,  Jr. 

A  swarm  is  the  natural  increase  made  by  the  bees  during  a  season 
of  plenty.  It  always  takes  place  during  a  honey  flow,*  because  at 
that  time  there  is  sure  to  be  crowding  in  the  hives.  Not  only  are  the 
combs  in  the  super  being  filled  with  honey,  but  the  queen  is  stimulated 
to  lay  a  great  quantity  of  eggs,  more  than  a  thousand  a  day  so  that  the 
hive  body  or  brood  chamber  also  is  soon  completely  crowded.  A 
swarm  is  probably  the  most  interesting  sight  of  all  the  wonders  con- 
nected with  bees. 

Swarming  can  be  controlled  to  a  great  extent  by  giving  the  bees 
plenty  of  room**  wMle  the  honey  flow  lasts,  and  by  looking  carefully 
for  queen  cells***  and  cutting  them  out.    Exciting  and  interesting 

*Honey  flow,  a  condition  when  nectar  is  so  plentiful  in  the  flowers  that  the 
bees  store  up  more  honey  than  they  need  for  themselves. 
**Give  more  room  by  placing  extra  supers  on  as  described  in  the  last  article. 
***Queen  cells  described  in  article  on  Life  History  of  the  Honey  Bee. 


as  swarms  are,  they  prevent  a  maximum  crop  of  honey  because  they 
take  place  during  a  honey  flow.  For  a  while  the  hive  that  is  going  to 
swarm  is  all  excitement,  then  the  swarm  leaves  with  half  the  workers 
of  that  hive ;  therefore,  not  nearly  as  much  honey  is  gathered  by  them, 
as  if  the  hive  had  kept  its  whole  working  force.  Even  if  you  catch 
the  swarm  and  thus  obtain  another  hive,  you  will  not  gain  any  honey, 
for  the  swarm  must  build  its  wax  combs  in  which  to  store  its  honey 
and  rear  its  young.  By  that  time  the  honey  flow  will  be  over  and  the 
swarm  well  estabHshed  in  its  new  home,  but  in  doing  this  it  has  used 
a  great  amount  of  honey  and  has  stored  up  no  surplus  for  you. 

Every  now  and  then,  in  spite  of  care,  a  hive  will  cast  a  swarm. 
Then  instead  of  the  lazy  contented  hum  in  the  apiary,  a  loud  roar  is 
heard,  and  countless  numbers  of  bees  are  seen  pouring  out  of  the  hive 
entrance  almost  like  a  cascade.  Instead  of  the  straight  Hnes  of  bees 
flying  to  and  fro  from  the  clover  fields,  overhead  the  air  is  black  with 
whirling  eddies  of  bees.  Soon,  their  general  direction  is  seen  and 
usually  the  limb  of  a  tree  is  where  they  will  settle.  If  the  apiary  is 
in  an  orchard  the  trees  are  fairly  low.  Sometimes  the  swarm  will 
cling  to  the  end  of  a  lower  branch  which  is  bent  down  to  the  ground 
with  its  weight.  Then  they  are  easily  hived,  but  if  they  swarm  on  a 
high  branch  the  hive  can  be  fastened  up  in  the  tree  near  them,  though 
often  it  is  easier  to  saw  off  the  branch  they  are  on  and  carry  it  down  a 
ladder  to  the  hive  prepared  for  it.  A  board  is  arranged  leading  to  the 
hive  entrance,  and  the  swarm  is  gently  brushed  or  shaken  on  this, 
until  it  starts  to  go  in ;  then  all  is  well,  for  just  as  quickly  as  the  bees 
come  out  of  the  old  hive,  they  will  enter  the  new.  Instead  of  rushing 
madly  like  a  dashing  torrent  as  they  left  their  old  home  they  flow 
evenly  and  smoothly  into  the  new  one,  and  instead  of  a  roar,  there  is 
a  high  note  probably  made  by  the  wings  vibrating  rapidly  which 
seem  to  act  as  a  band  of  music  drawing  the  bees  into  the  hive.  Bees 
are  not  always  content  to  remain  in  the  hive  in  which  you  place  them. 
To  make  the  hive  more  attractive  to  them  a  frame  of  young  is  taken 
from  another  hive  and  the  old  bees  shaken  off  before  placing  it  in  the 
hive  the  swarm  is  to  occupy.  Some  of  the  workers  will  at  once  start 
to  feed  the  young,  others  to  hang  in  festoons  preparatory  to  secreting 
wax  with  which  to  build  new  combs.  Bees  that  swarm  are  gorged 
with  honey  when  they  leave  the  parent  hive,  for  in  this  condition 
only  can  they  secrete  wax,  which  is  the  foundation  for  their  new  home. 
It  is  estimated  that  to  produce  one  pound  of  wax,  five  pounds  of 
honey  are  consumed  by  the  bees.  Swarming  bees  hang  in  a  cluster 
varying  lengths  of  time,  from  twenty  minutes  to  two  hours  and 
longer. 

It  is  the  custom  in  some  places  to  beat  gongs,  ring  bells,  and  make 
a  din  to  keep  the  swarm  from  flying  away  before  they  are  hived.    This 


custom  comes  down  to  us  from  great  antiquity.  It  is  said  that  Bacchus 
and  his  followers  were  shouting  and  making  music  in  the  forest  one 
day  when  the  bees,  attracted  by  the  noise,  gathered  in  a  mass  or 
swarm  to  Hsten,  were  seized  by  Bacchus,  and  placed  in  a  hollow 
tree,  to  punish  them  for  their  insolence.  Ever  since  then  bees  have 
lived  a  communal  life,  and  ever  since  then  they  have  been  fascinated 
by  clashing  sounds.  Another  reason  for  noise  at  the  time  of  swarm- 
ing was  an  ancient  law  made  in  the  time  of  Alfred  the  Great.  This 
law  required  that  bells  should  be  rung  and  gongs  beaten  to  apprise 
the  neighbors  of  the  swarm,  to  call  the  men  from  the  fields  and  to 
establish  its  ownership.  This  last  item  was  most  important  for  every 
farm  and  cottage  had  bees  of  its  own.  In  those  days  sugar  was  not 
known  and  honey  was  the  common  sweet  in  use.  A  very  common 
drink  made  in  those  days  was  mead  made  from  fermented  honey. 
The  present  day  theory  of  making  a  noise  at  this  time,  is  to  upset 
and  disorganize  the  bees  so  that  they  cannot  follow  their  leaders. 
These  leaders  or  scouts  as  they  are  called  search  for  and  find  a  new 
home  before  the  swarm  leaves  the  hive.  A  week  or  so  before  a  swarm 
is  cast,  bee  scouts  may  be  seen  investigating  a  disused  hive,  a  hollow 
tree,  or  the  eaves  of  a  house.  So  careful  and  painstaking  are  these 
bees  that  they  visit  and  re-visit  the  chosen  place.  Should  you  be  so 
unfortunate  as  to  fail  to  hive  the  swarm,  the  mass  or  cluster  of  bees 
\\-ill  rise  in  the  air  and  fly  in  a  bee  Hne  to  their  new  home. 

If  you  are  an  ambitious  bee-keeper,  one  way  to  increase  your 
colonies  is  to  di\dde  them  up  after  the  honey  crop  is  over.  This  must 
be  done  with  great  care  and  requires  some  experience  to  accomplish 
successfully  at  this  time.  Buy  some  extra  queens  to  introduce  into 
the  queenless  hives,  because  good  queens  are  not  easily  raised  after 
the  hone)'-  flow  has  ceased.  The  best  queens  are  produced  under 
swarming  conditions  \-ia  quantities  of  honey  coming  in  and  quantities 
of  young  and  hatching  brood.  Your  queens  will  be  sent  you  in  mailing 
cages  and  on  the  reverse  side  of  the  cardboard  \\ith  your  name  and 
address  will  be  printed  directions  for  introducing  them.*  Each  queen 
and  her  retinue,  about  a  dozen  workers,  will  be  in  a  separate  cage. 
Do  not  dixdde  your  colonies  before  your  queens  have  arrived,  for  that 
may  cause  the  queenless  colonies  to  start  queen  cells,  and  a  colony 
vdth  queen  cells  mil  not  accept  a  new  queen.  Place  a  cage  in  each  of 
your  queenless  hives  and  arrange  a  feeder**  in  each  hive.  Feed  the 
bees  for  about  a  week ;  this  •uill  make  them  better  tempered  and  more 
friendly  with  the  new  queen.  The  cage  has  ^^•ire  cloth  so  the  bees 
can  become  accustomed  to  the  queen  before  she  is  liberated.     At 

*See  Introducing,  in  ABC  and  XYZ  of  Bee  Culture.     This  book  to  the  bee- 
keeper is  what  Bailey's  Cyclopedia  is  to  the  horticulturist. 
**See  Feeding;  and  Feeders  in  the  ABC  and  XYZ  of  Bee  Culture. 


one  end  of  the  cage  is  a  mass  of  granulated  candy.  This  candy  feeds 
the  bees  on  their  journey,  and  when  the  cage  is  placed  in  the  hive,  a 
small  cord  is  drawn  and  through  this  hole  the  candy  is  exposed  to  the 
bees  in  the  hive.  This  they  eat  away  and  thus  Hberate  the  queen. 
It  takes  many  hours  to  do  this,  so  the  queen  has  time  to  make  her 
presence  known  and  be  safely  introduced.  Do  not  disturb  the  bees 
for  about  a  week  after  the  new  queen  has  been  introduced.  This  will 
give  her  time  to  start  laying  before  you  look  at  them.  Should  you 
disturb  them  too  soon  they  will  ball*  her  and  kill  her.  When  a  queen 
is  balled  she  is  surrounded  by  a  crowd  of  bees  who  pull  her  to  pieces. 
So  thickly  do  they  press  about  her  that  the  mass  looks  like  a  black 
golf  ball.  If  this  happens  while  the  bee-keeper  is  present,  he  can  save 
the  queen  by  dropping  the  ball  of  bees  into  a  bucket  of  water.  This 
makes  them  let  go  the  queen  to  struggle  in  the  water.  By  Hfting  the 
queen  out  she  can  easily  be  caged  again,  for  with  her  wings  wet  she 
is  unable  to  fly  away  and  escape  from  you.  To  save  the  mass  of 
struggUng  bees,  tip  the  bucket  over,  the  water  will  soak  into  the 
ground  and  the  bees,  when  dry,  will  fly  home. 

Balling  occurs  whenever  bees  do  not  wish  to  accept  a  new  queen. 
For  this  reason  great  care  must  be  taken  when  a  queen  is  to  be  intro- 
duced— 

1.  That  the  hive  is  queenless. 

2.  That  no  queen-cells  have  been  started. 

3.  That  honey  is  coming  in,  or  else  feed  the  bees  with  syrup. 

4.  That  there  is  no  robbing**  or  fighting  among  the  bees. 
Before  dividing  up  the  colonies  of  bees  like  this,  after  the  main 

honey  flow,  one  must  be  sure  of  a  later  flow  from  which  the  bees  can 
store  up  suppHes  of  honey  and  rear  quantities  of  young,  so  they  will 
be  in  good  condition  for  the  winter.  Otherwise  the  trouble  and  ex- 
pense of  feeding  them  will  be  necessary. 

Three  more  bulletins  for  free  distribution,  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Farmers'  Bulletin  No.  1012,  Preparation  of  Bees  For  Outdoor  Winter- 
ing. 
"  "        "    1014,  Wintering  Bees  In  Cellars. 

"  "        "    lo^g,  Commercial  Comb-Honey  Production. 

Three  more  Bee  Journals  published  in  the  United  States: 
The  Western  Honeybee,  121  Temple  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
The  California  Honey  Bowl,  Riverside,  Cal. 
Dixie  Beekeeper,  Waycross,  Ga. 

*Balling  of  queens,  see  Queens,  Queen  Rearing  and  Introducing,  in  the  ABC  and 
XYZ  of  Bee  Culture. 
**Robbing,  see  ABC  and  XYZ  of  Bee  Culture. 


12 


Present  Condition  of  the  Nurseries  of 
France  and  England 

Address  to  Garden  Club  of  America 

Colony  Club,  New  York 

March  17th,  1920. 

John  C.  Wister 

We  have  heard  much  in  this  country  of  the  effect  of  the  war  on 
our  own  nurseries,  of  the  shortage  of  labor  and  of  nursery  stock, 
stories  which  at  best  are  discouraging,  and  at  their  worst  appear  to 
prophesy  the  end  of  all  garden  work.  Let  us  stop  and  think  a  moment 
of  what  effect  the  war  must  have  had  in  France.  Consider  that  France 
with  a  population  of  httle  more  than  one-third  that  of  our  country  has 
lost  in  battle,  killed  or  crippled,  nearly  two  million  men,  or  as  many  as 
our  entire  American  Expeditionar}^  Forces,  and  that  if  we  had  lost 
men  in  the  same  proportion  it  would  have  meant  the  death,  or  per- 
manent disablement  of  over  five  million  men,  a  number  equal  to  the 
entire  number  of  men  who  serv^ed  with  the  American  ]\Iihtary  serv- 
ices at  home  or  abroad.  And  even  this  is  not  all  that  is  interfering 
with  the  normal  industry  of  France,  for  today  she  is  raising  an  army 
of  two  million  men  for  defense  against  future  attack  by  Germany. 
If  we  were  to  raise  an  army  in  the  same  proportion  it  would  mean 
withdrawing  from  industry  nearly  nine  miUion  men,  or  to  almost 
double  our  great  effort  during  the  war. 

You  can  see  that  all  industry  of  France  must  be  nearly  wrecked, 
and  it  seems  a  miracle  that  nurseries  which  might  be  regarded  as 
non-productive  industries,  have  survived  at  all.  The  fact  that  they 
have  survived,  I  beheve  to  be  due  to  three  causes: 

First,  the  universal  love  of  flowers  in  France;  second,  the  small 
size  of  the  nurseries  and  the  fact  that  the  nursery  business  is  almost 
entirely  a  family  business;  and  third,  the  fact  that  the  French  peas- 
ant women  are  wilhng  and  able  to  do  the  heavy  work  which  was 
formerly  done  by  the  men. 

The  first  of  these  reasons  may  seem  trite  to  the  members  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  who  have  seen  the  gardens  of  France 
before  the  war  and  who  realize  how  much  our  American  gardens  owe 
to  the  skill  of  French  gardeners  and  plant  breeders.  I  was  constantly 
impressed,  however,  by  the  fact  that  four  and  a  half  years  of  war  did 
not  stop  the  French  people  from  growing  their  flowers,  and  I  saw 
during  my  eighteen  months  in  France  beautiful  flowers  being  grown 
from  the  Atlantic  coast  up  to  within  five  or  ten  miles  of  the  German 
hnes.    I  remember  particularly  being  in  the  city  of  Tours,  the  Satur- 

13 


day  before  Easter,  1918.  It  was  the  week  of  the  beginning  of  the 
Hindenburg  drive.  Yet  on  that  Saturday  afternoon  the  boulevard 
in  Tours  was  lined  for  a  length  of  over  half  a  mile  with  beautiful  flowers 
which  crowds  of  people  were  buying.  There  were  hundreds  if  not 
thousands  of  lilacs  forced  in  pots,  forced  I  do  not  know  how,  for  there 
was  practically  no  wood  or  coal  for  artificial  heat,  but  in  quaHty  they 
compared  very  favorably  with  lilacs  that  you  see  in  the  New  York 
flower  stores;  there  were  also  huge  bunches  of  Golden  Spur  Narcis- 
sus being  offered  for  sale  with  the  bulb  attached  to  the  bottom  of 
the  stem,  and  big  flats  of  pansies  and  forget-me-nots,  carnations  and 
other  spring  flowers. 

Curiously  enough,  the  next  time  I  saw  fine  flowers  was  again  in  a 
very  critical  period,  about  the  first  of  June.  For  a  week  or  more,  the 
papers  had  been  telling  us  about  the  glorious  victories  of  the  Allies 
and  printing  on  the  same  page  a  map  which  each  day  showed  the 
Germans  to  be  nearer  Paris.  As  a  consequence  no  one  believed  the 
papers  and  there  were  constant  terrible  rumors  in  the  air.  On  this 
particular  Sunday,  Paris  papers  had  failed  to  come  at  all  and  imme- 
diately all  the  French  people  made  up  their  minds  that  Paris  had  been 
captured  by  the  Germans.  I  went  that  evening  to  call  on  a  French 
family  in  the  little  village  of  Jonchery  who  had  a  really  beautiful 
garden  filled  with  all  kinds  of  flowers.  I  found  the  two  ladies  of  the 
family,  who  were  by  no  means  young,  hoeing  the  garden,  and  as  they 
greeted  me  they  said  "Well,  if  Paris  has  fallen,  Paris  has  fallen;  that 
does  not  mean  that  the  war  is  over  and  we  must  continue  to  work  in 
our  garden." 

I  would  like  to  give  you  one  more  example  of  the  French  spirit 
of  continuing  gardening.  For  four  and  one-half  years  Emile  Lemoine 
of  Nancy,  whose  work  you  all  know,  lived  subject  to  constant  Ger- 
man air  raids,  never  knowing  at  night  whether  he  and  his  family 
would  be  killed  in  their  beds  before  morning.  For  many  months 
during  this  time  he  was  within  range  of  the  shell  fire  of  the  German 
artillery.  The  Lemoine  house  bears  marks  on  its  plaster  of  fragments 
of  a  bomb  which  burst  in  front  of  it.  Lemoine's  sons  were  absent  in 
the  French  army,  but  he  and  his  wife  continued  to  live  there  and  to 
care  for  their  plants  and  to  ship  them  to  America  each  year  as  in 
normal  times.  When  I  spoke  to  him  about  the  war,  his  only  comment 
was  that  the  concussion  of  the  anti-air  craft  guns  had  often  broken 
the  plants  in  the  green  houses.  And  then  he  turned  to  me  and  said: 
"Monsieur  Wister,  I  am  ashamed  to  show  you  my  garden,  it  is  so  full 
of  weeds."  I  am  still  wondering  what  manner  of  man  it  can  be  who 
can  live  through  such  a  war  almost  on  the  verge  of  the  German  armies 
and  really  not  knowing  from  month  to  month  whether  his  city  would 
be  captured  and  suffer  the  fate  of  Belgium,  and  then  calmly  apologize 

14 


for  weeds.    Not  a  word  as  to  what  he  had  gone  through  or  why  he 
did  not  move  to  a  safer  place. 

The  second  reason  I  have  given  for  the  survival  of  the  nurseries, 
has  been  their  small  size;  in  fact  the  first  great  contrast  to  be  noticed 
between  American  and  French  nurseries  is  the  fact  that  the  French 
nurseries  are  so  very  small.  There  is  nothing  there  to  compare  in 
size  with  such  places  as  Bobbink  &  Atkins,  Pierson's,  Dreer's,  An- 
dorra Nurseries  and  the  like.  While  there  are,  of  course,  some  large 
nurseries  of  25,  or  50,  or  100  acres,  the  great  bulk  of  the  business  is 
carried  on  by  men  cultivating  not  more  than  3  or  4  or  5  acres,  and 
they  do  the  actual  labor  themselves  with  thq  aid  of  their  wives  and 
children.  In  such  a  nursery,  if  the  man  of  the  family  went  to  the  war 
his  wife  and  children  carried  it  on  almost  as  well  as  he  had.  Further- 
more in  the  larger  nurseries  where  the  actual  fiteld  work  is  not  done 
by  the  owner's  family,  the  managing  and  clerical  end  of  the  business 
is  done,  not  by  hired  employees,  but  by  the  family.  When  I  visited, 
for  instance,  one  of  the  largest  wholesale  growers  in  France,  E,  Tur- 
bat  &  Co.,  of  Orleans,  a  firm  which  has  in  the  past  exported  millions 
of  plants  to  America,  and  which  has  under  cultivation  besides  the 
home  nursery  of  about  5  acres,  a  number  qf  10  acre  patches  outside 
of  the  city,  I  discovered  why  M.  Turbat  would  never  have  to  adver- 
tise in  the  Sunday  paper  for  a  nursery  manager,  a  stenographer  or 
bookkeeper,  for  he  introduced  me  to  his  wife,  his  sister-in-law,  his 
father-in-law  and  his  two  daughters,  all  of  whom  were  working  in  the 
office  with  him,  I  was  never  able  to  find  out  what  remuneration,  if 
any,  such  families  received,  but  it  is  clear  that  if  there  is  any  extra 
work  to  be  done  they  stay  and  do  it  without  charging  time  and  half 
for  overtime.  When  these  daughters  marry  instead  of  leaving  home  it 
is  more  Hkely  that  their  husbands  will  come  and  live  with  M.  Turbat 
and  work  in  his  nurs*ery.  You  will  see  that  even  in  the  larger  nur- 
series if  the  man  of  the  family  went  into  the  army  his  wife  understood 
the  business  as  well  as  he  did  and  was  able  to  continue  it,  in  fact  one 
of  the  most  important  nurseries  in  Orleans,  Gauguin  &  Company, 
was  managed  throughout  the  war  by  Mme.  Gauguin,  while  her  sons 
were  fighting  for  France.  You  can  see  from  the  above  facts,  also,  some 
of  the  reasons  of  the  low  cost  of  production  of  nursery  stock  in  France,  • 
to  which  must  be  added  the  fact  that  the  French  people  of  this  class 
have  but  few  needs,  are  satisfied  to  live  in  houses  without  light  or 
heat  or  running  water  and  consider  automobiles  and  moving  pictures 
only  for  the  nobility  and  millionaires. 

Lastly,  although  many  of  their  men  have  gone  to  the  war  never  to 
return,  the  French  peasant  women  are  as  able  to  work  in  the  fields  as 
the  men  were.  They  had  been  used  in  the  nursery  business  before 
the  war  but  not  to  a  great  extent,  and  therefore  the  loss  of  the  men 

15 


has  meant  that  the  nurseries  have  not  the  skilled  labor  which  they 
formerly  had,  but  the  women  are  available  to  take  their  places  and 
will  quickly  become  as  skilled  as  the  men  were.  Consequently,  al- 
though the  present  period  is  a  period  of  labor  scarcity,  the  situation 
is  not  as  serious  as  in  England,  where  the  women  are  not  able  to  do 
such  heavy  labor.  M.  Turbat  told  me  that  40  of  his  men  had  gone  to 
the  war  and  that  after  the  armistice  four  of  them  were  aUve  to  return. 
But  he  had,  when  I  was  there,  plenty  of  peasant  women,  who  were 
grafting  the  roses,  digging  the  plants,  packing  and  shipping.  The 
fact  that  they  were  not  used  by  long  association  to  the  large  numbers 
of  varieties  which  the  French  are  growing,  will  be  one  of  the  reasons 
which  will  drive  from  the  French  nurseries  within  the  next  few  years, 
many  hundreds  of  varieties  of  plants,  for  it  will  be  impossible  mth 
labor  new  to  the  nursery  business  to  label  and  keep  such  plants 
separated.  This  will  be  a  blessing  which  will  drive  from  commerce 
hundreds  and  thousands  of  antiquated  and  superseded  varieties  which 
the  French  have  continued  to  grow  for  the  same  reason  that  they  con- 
tinued to  do  everything  else,  namely,  that  the}^  had  always  done  so 
before.  They  will  make  this  change  with  reluctance,  but  it  will 
be  forced  upon  them  now.  There  can  be  no  reason  to  regret  this, 
for  such  long  lists  of  varieties  are  only  a  burden.  I  saw  in  Tours, 
at  the  time  of  the  armistice,  three  nurseries  and  I  beUeve  that  each 
one  of  them  was  growing  more  than  a  thousand  varieties  of  chrysan- 
themums and  the  thousand  that  one  man  was  growing  was  not  the 
same  that  the  next  one  was  growing.  This  is  the  rule,  not  the  excep- 
tion in  France;  some  of  the  wholesale  growers  of  Angers  offer  as 
many  as  300  varieties  of  Pears,  100  varieties  of  Raspberries,  500 
varieties  of  Roses,  100  varieties  of  Lilacs,  and  so  on.  I  saw  in  the 
spring  of  i9i8,in  Chaumont,  a  florist  growing  Heliotropes  under  about 
20  different  names,  although  there  were  not  more  than  three  distinct 
forms  among  them. 

The  shortage  of  labor,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  they  have  woman 
labor,  also  will  make  it  imperative  to  use  machines  where  formerly 
work  was  done  by  hand.  This  change  is  already  upon  them,  and  I 
saw  in  the  Vilmorin  nurseries,  near  Paris,  a  Planet,  Jr.  cultivator  being 
pulled  by  one  woman  and  pushed  by  another.  M.  Millet,  who  was 
with  me,  stared  at  this  machine  with  his  mouth  wide  open,  with  very 
much  the  same  spirit  as  the  farmer  at  the  circus  who  looked  at  the 
giraffe  for  half  an  hour  and  then  remarked  that  there  was  no  such 
animal — for  he  asked  me  confidentially  afterwards  whether  it  was 
true  that  such  machines  were  used  much  in  America  and  whether  they 
were  at  all  practical;  and  this  man  had  been  in  the  nursery  business 
all  his  life,  while  the  Vilmorin  nurseries,  where  the  machine  was  being 
tried,  are  the  oldest  and  largest  in  France. 

16 


There  is  everywhere  in  Europe  a  great  shortage  of  nursery  stock 
and  it  will  be  a  matter  of  many  years  before  they  can  catch  up  with 
their  former  production.  The  fruit  tree  stocks,  is  but  one-tenth  of  a 
crop  this  year,  and  the  seedUngs  have  been  quoted  at  $80  a  thousand 
against  a  price  of  $5  a  thousand  a  few  years  ago.  The  French  catalogs 
continue  to  Hst  large  numbers  of  varieties  which  they  have  formerly 
grown,  but  it  does  not  follow  at  all  that  they  are  growing  them  now. 
I  tried  last  winter,  for  instance,  to  buy  a  collection  of  the  large  flowered 
Clematis  and  ordered  them  first  from  Turbat  who  Ksted  about  50 
varieties.  He  wrote  back  politely  that  he  was  sorry  but  could  not  fill 
the  order.  Then  I  tried  Georges  Boucher,  in  Paris,  but  although  he 
listed  over  200  varieties  he  could  not  supply  any  and  referred  me  to 
Leon  Chenault,  of  Orleans.  Thereupon  I  wrote  M.  Turbat  again 
saying  I  heard  that  Chenault  had  these  Clematis  and  would  he  get 
them  for  me  and  include  them  in  his  order,  and  I  received  a  pohte 
reply  intimating  that  if  it  were  possible  to  get  these  Clematis  in  any 
nursery  in  France  they  would  have  secured  them  for  me,  but  that 
every  nursery  which  listed  them,  was  unable  to  supply  the  plants. 

I  would  like  to  tell  you  something  of  the  various  plants  I  saw  in 
various  parts  of  France  both  during  and  after  the  war,  and  particu- 
larly during  the  two  weeks  after  my  discharge  from  the  army,  when  I 
was  free  to  travel  where  I  wished.  The  first  nursery  I  visited,  was 
Jacotot  of  Dijon,  the  originator  of  the  famous  Gloire  de  Dijon  Rose; 
a  little  nursery  hardly  an  acre  in  extent  having  only  three  miserable 
Httle  greenhouses,  with  the  old-fashioned  glass  not  more  than  six 
inches  square,  and  when  I  was  there  in  December  191 7  entirely  cov- 
ered with  straw  mats  to  keep  out  the  cold,  for  they  had  no  artificial 
heat.  Yet  in  these  greenhouses  I  saw  a  better  collection  of  plants 
than  would  be  found  in  most  American  private  greenhouses  or  florists. 
There  was  a  large  collection  of  ferns,  many  different  varieties  of 
Camelias,  of  Fuchias,  Azahas,  Rhododendrons,  and  many  bulbs. 
It  seems  wonderful  that  from  this  little  place  should  have  come  such 
a  famous  rose. 

I  have  already  told  you  of  the  Turbat  nurseries  which  I  saw  a  year 
later,  and  from  which  have  come  many  of  our  best  Polyantha  Roses, 
and  many  named  Asters  and  Delphiniums.  This  nursery  is  one  of  27 
large  nurseries  in  the  city  of  Orleans,  nearly  all  of  which  are  situated 
on  one  street,  which  is  apparently  built  up  as  solidly  as  a  city  block. 
But  the  houses  are  only  on  the  street  front,  and  behind  them  nursery 
fields  stretch  out  to  a  depth  of  about  a  thousand  feet.  The  Turbat 
nursery  is  about  500  feet  wide  stretching  behind  the  houses  of  the 
neighbors  as  well  as  behind  the  Turbat  house,  and  here,  thousands  of 
tiny  plants  are  growing  in  beds  about  5  feet  wide,  the  plants  only  2  or 
3  inches  apart,  and  the  rows  often  not  more  than  5  inches  apart,  so 

17 


that  an  immense  number  of  plants  is  grown  in  a  small  area.  I  do  not 
know  any  nursery  in  this  country  where  such  a  large  variety  of 
plants  is  grown.  I  noted  among  other  things  good  stocks  of  nearly 
all  the  new  Cotoneasters,  which  are  so  hard  to  get  in  this  country, 
Berberis  Wilsonae,  Rosa  Hugonis  and  other  new  and  rare  plants  from 
China  which  in  this  country  are  found  usually  only  in  the  Arnold 
Arboretum.  Along  with  these  were  a  large  number  of  pine  and  spruce 
seedHngs  and  many  species,  and  next  to  them  a  collection  of  over  50 
varieties  of  Asters.  Here,  also,  were  big  beds  of  grafted  roses,  which 
in  that  mild  climate  can  be  planted  directly  in  the  field  after  being 
grafted  in  November  and  December,  and  which  during  the  cold  wea- 
ther are  covered  with  hundreds  of  bell  jars.  In  another  field,  nearly 
half  an  hour's  walk  away,  M.  Turbat  showed  me  his  roses — 14  acres 
of  them,  full  of  flower  as  late  as  November.  In  still  another  field  were 
100  or  so  varieties  of  Lilacs  and  Specimen  Evergreen,  now  rather  over- 
grown on  account  of  the  lack  of  demand  during  the  war.  This  nur- 
sery is  typical  of  the  2'^  large  wholesale  nurseries  of  Orleans,  and 
besides  what  they  grow  themselves  they  buy  many  of  their  specialties 
from  nearly  500  smaller  growers.  The  same  condition  exists  in  Angers; 
and  these  two  towns  supply  practically  all  the  young  plants  grown  in 
France. 

I  have  told  you  already  of  how  Lemoine  stuck  to  his  post  during 
the  war.  His  nursery  is,  as  he  said,  very  full  of  weeds,  but  so  are  all 
the  nurseries  of  France,  except  the  Vilmorins.  His  collection  of  plants 
is  remarkable,  including  not  only  many  rare  shrubs  from  China  and 
his  own  creations  by  hybridising  these  with  other  species,  but  in- 
numerable herbaceous  plants,  which  in  this  country  we  do  not  know 
in  their  improved  name  varieties — plants  Hke  Heuchera,  Herbaceous 
Clematis,  Campanula,  Delphiniums  and  many  others.  Besides  this, 
he  has  the  finest  collection  of  Pelargoniums  and  Geraniums  that  I 
have  ever  seen,  as  well  as  many  fine  Begonias  and  other  greenhouse 
plants.  He  remarked  to  me  that  before  the  war  his  work  had  been 
done  by  Germans,  which  would  lead  one  to  believe  that  the  Germans 
were  trying  to  learn  his  methods  and  take  up  plant  breeding  them- 
selves and  then  boast  that  it  was  their  discovery,  as  they  have  done  in 
so  many  other  lines  of  business. 

Another  nursery  which  would  be  of  great  interest  to  all  American 
gardeners  is  that  of  Millet  et  Fils  near  Paris.  His  garden  stretches 
out  behind  his  house  for  about  800  feet  and  has  a  box-bordered  walk 
going  down  the  center,  on  each  side  of  which  an  Herbaceous  border 
is  planted  for  exhibition,  so  that  it  presents  a  beautiful  sweep  of  color. 
I  had  a  lesson  here  in  French  thrift,  for  I  saw  an  old  woman  picking 
flowers  of  HemerocaHs  and  M.  Millet  remarked  that  he  was  getting 
only  15  centimes  a  bunch  for  these  and  that  he  would  not  have  over 

18 


30  bunches,  but  that  such  flowers  must  not  be  wasted.  He,  like  all 
other  Frenchmen,  apologized  for  the  looks  of  his  nursery  and  it  was 
only  afterwards  that  I  learned  from  some  of  his  friends  that  he  had 
served  in  the  French  army  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  and  that  he 
had  been  sent  home  so  badly  crippled  that  he  had  been  unable  to 
walk  for  nearty  a  year. 

I  spoke  before  about  the  Httle  florist  in  Chaumont  with  the  20 
varieties  of  HeHotrope.  His  place  is  typical  of  the  small  local  florist 
and  nurseryman  combined,  which  can  be  found  in  nearly  every  small 
town  in  France.  He  had  three  greenhouses,  each  about  50  feet  long, 
with  small  glass,  iron  frame,  iron  doors  and  iron  benches.  During  the 
winter,  19 18,  he  grew  some  very  creditable  specimens  of  Primula, 
Cineraria,  and  other  of  the  hardier  greenhouse  plants,  and  during 
April  his  houses  were  a  mass  of  bloom.  In  the  frames  he  grew  large 
quantities  of  bedding  plants,  such  as  Geraniums,  HeHotropes,  Salvia, 
Ageratum,  Coleus,  etc.,  as  well  as  hundreds  and  thousands  of  lettuce 
and  cauliflower  plants.  There  was  a  constant  display  of  herbaceous 
flowers  the  entire  spring,  beginning  with  Arabis  and  continuing  until 
mid-summer  when  the  Phlox  and  Roses  were  in  full  bloom.  In  a 
section  of  the  country  where  the  soil  was  naturally  a  stiff  clay,  the 
many  years  of  cultivation  of  his  place  had  given  him  a  deep  rich  black 
soil  full  of  humus. 

I  have  spent  most  of  my  time  teUing  you  of  France  because  I  was 
there  so  long  and  learned  to  know  their  customs  in  the  nursery  business 
better  than  I  was  able  to  learn  the  Enghsh  methods,  for  I  was  in 
England  but  two  weeks  and  spent  most  of  my  time  there  visiting 
Iris  gardens,  rather  than  nurseries.  As  a  whole,  however,  the  nursery 
conditions  in  England  appear  more  serious  than  those  of  France,  due 
I  think,  to  the  fact  that  two  of  the  three  causes  I  have  enumerated 
for  the  survival  of  the  French  nurseries,  have  not  operated  in  England, 
In  other  words,  their  nurseries  are  larger  and  are  conducted  more  on 
American  Hnes  and  their  women  are  not  able  to  take  the  places  of 
the  men  who  have  been  killed.  Furthermore,  although  England  did 
not  lose  as  many  men  as  France  in  proportion,  she  e^ddently  withdrew 
more  men  from  industry  for  her  war  work.  Amos  Perry,  for  instance, 
had  had  his  working  staff  reduced  from  65  men  to  5,  and  had  himself 
been  forced  to  work  in  munition  factories  part  of  the  time. 

My  first  visit  in  England  was  to  the  famous  nurseries  of  Robert 
W.  Wallace  in  Colchester,  which  were  in  none  too  good  condition.  I 
heard  it  said  afterwards  in  a  joking  way  that  before  the  war  it  had 
been  Mr.  Wallace's  custom  to  offer  his  customers  a  shilling  for  every 
weed  they  could  find  in  his  nurseries.  E\ddently  it  will  be  many 
years  before  the  Enghsh  nurseries  return  to  such  a  condition.  Mr. 
Wallace  had  lost  his  only  son  in  the  war  and  although  Admiral  Sims 

19 


and  Mr.  Hoover  have  given  us  within  the  past  week  a  glimpse  of  the 
seriousness  of  the  situation  of  the  Alhes  in  191 7,  it  will  nevertheless, 
I  beheve,  be  a  shock  to  3'^ou  as  it  was  to  me,  to  learn  that  if  the  war  had 
lasted  two  weeks  more  Mr.  Wallace  himself  would  have  been  drafted, 
as  on  November  i,  191 8,  he  had  been  examined  and  passed.  This 
does  not  sound  so  remarkable  until  I  tell  you  his  age,  which  was  at 
that  time  51,  which  shows  you  the  conditions  in  England  in  that  time 
better  than  any  long  dissertation. 

As  I  have  told  you,  the  great  collections  of  Mr.  Perry  have  been 
nearly  wrecked,  in  fact  he  gave  up  trying  to  keep  anything  but  his 
rare  rock  plants,  and  these  have  survived.  It  will,  of  course,  be  a 
simple  matter  for  him  to  replenish  his  stock  of  the  ordinary  herbaceous 
plants  for  which  he  was  famous,  but  he  told  me  that  he  believed  it 
would  be  easier  for  him  to  move  to  a  new  location  than  to  attempt  to 
straighten  out  the  mess  in  his  old  nurseries.  His  nursery  by  the  way, 
although  far  removed  from  the  war,  was  situated  so  close  to  many  of 
the  munition  districts,  that  it  was  subject  to  air  raids. 

The  Barr  nurseries  at  Taplow  were  also  full  of  weeds  but  here  also 
Mr.  Barr  had  succeeded  in  saving  his  best  plants  and  they  will  un- 
doubtedly be  as  good  as  ever  in  a  few  years.  The  only  really  well-kept 
place  I  saw  in  England  was  Kew  Gardens.  It  is  perfectly  evident, 
however,  that  large  numbers  of  splendid  flowers  were  being  grown  in 
both  these  countries,  for  I  saw  at  the  flower  shows  in  Paris  on  June  5th 
and  in  London  on  June  iSth,  flowers  which  would  be  a  credit  in  the 
great  exhibition  in  New  York  today. 

I  read  during  the  war  the  French  paper  "Revue  Horticole"  and 
its  columns  seemed  to  be  mostly  devoted  to  enumerating  the  nursery- 
men who  had  been  killed  or  wounded  or  cited  in  battle.  It  is  some- 
what of  a  shock  to  an  American  who  was  used  to  certain  French 
names  in  relation  to  a  certain  plant,  to  suddenly  find  that  name  appHed 
to  some  army  ofl&cer  who  had  died  in  battle.  I  remember  distinctly 
when  I  had  been  in  France  but  a  short  time  the  paper  contained  an 
account  of  a  citation  for  bravery  of  Lieutenant  Jean  Viaud-Bruant. 
I  had  known  this  name  for  many  years  on  a  5-inch  wooden  label  in 
a  pot  of  a  splendid  semi-double  pink  Geranium,  and  though  I  might 
vaguely  have  been  expected  to  know  that  the  Geranium  had  been 
named  for  a  person,  yet  this  name  seemed  to  belong  to  a  plant  and 
not  to  a  human  being,  and  seemed  entirely  out  of  place  in  the  army. 

I  am  glad  I  was  able  to  visit  these  nurseries  when  I  did  for  I  was 
most  hospitably  treated  everywhere,  and  an  American  going  there 
today  could  hardly  expect  such  treatment,  for  they  feel  and  I  beheve 
perfectly  rightly,  that  they  have  a  just  grievance  against  us.  When 
Quarantine  37  was  first  announced  Auguste  Dessert  wrote  to  me  and 
asked  if  it  was  possible  that  a  friendly  and  allied  nation  such  as 

20 


America  wished  to  make  such  a  stab  at  the  prosperity  of  the  French 
nurserymen,  and  he  remarked  rightly  that  the  new  law  was  "  vilaine." 
All  I  could  do  was  to  answer  him  and  tell  him  that  I  agreed  with  him 
and  that  being  away  from  America  I  did  not  understand  the  reasons 
for  it.  When  I  was  at  Nancy,  Lemoine  remarked  that  the  whole 
thing  was  "Boche,"  and  that  it  could  be  interpreted  in  no  other  way 
by  the  French  and  Enghsh  growers  whose  plants  were  prohibited, 
while  bulbs  were  permitted  to  come  from  neutral  pro-German  Holland 
and  LilUes-of-the- Valley  from  Berlin. 

I  was  much  pleased  to  see  the  very  able  articles  which  appeared 
in  the  January  and  March  numbers  of  the  Bulletin  and  to  hear  of 
the  resolution  against  the  quarantine,  which  you  passed  at  this  morn- 
ing's meeting.  There  is  no  reason  why  five  men,  none  of  whom  is  a 
horticulturist,  should  have  the.  power  of  life  or  death  over  the  florists 
and  nurserymen  in  this  country,  and  the  power  of  preventing  milHons 
of  amateur  gardeners  from  growing  the  plants  which  they  desire. 
Under  the  pretext  of  excluding  insects  they  have  really  arrogated  to 
this  Board  powers  which  were  never  before  given  to  a  similar  depart- 
ment, and  which  were  never  intended  to  be  given  to  this  Board  under 
the  act  creating  it,  for  when  it  sets  itself  up  as  a  tariff  board  and 
virtually  determines  what  plants  shall  or  shall  not  be  grown  in  the 
United  States,  it  is  taking  authority  wliich  belongs  to  Congress  alone. 

No  one  will  deny  that  foreign  pests  have  been  and  are  a  source  of 
terror  to  this  country,  but  if  the  danger  is  as  great  as  is  pictured  by 
the  Federal  Horticultural  Board  and  if  their  ability  to  control  this 
danger  by  quarantine  has  been  correctly  stated,  then  there  can  be 
only  one  logical  outcome — namely,  to  prohibit  all  commerce  of  any 
kind  and  all  travel  by  people,  and  to  make  each  village  or  town  suffi- 
cient unto  itself  and  communicating  with  the  outside  world  only  by 
telegraph  or  telephone.  Even  this  has  the  fault  of  not  being  severe 
enough  for  it  does  not  prohibit  interstate  travel  by  birds  nor  the  blow- 
ing of  spores  of  disease  by  the  wind. 

The  Federal  Florticultural  Board  is  not  true  to  its  ideals  if  it 
stops  at  anything  less  than  the  quarantine  I  have  just  outlined,  for 
why  should  a  gardener  be  prohibited  from  bringing  in  plants  while 
materials  like  hemp,  on  which  the  corn  borer  originally  came,  is  allowed 
to  come  in?  Why  the  quarantine  against  plants  with  soil  on  the  roots 
when  whole  shiploads  of  soil  are  brought  constantly  from  Europe 
as  ballast,  and  just  why  is  a  Crocus  safe  and  a  Colchicum  dangerous,  or 
why  are  grafted  roses  dangerous  while  Manetti  seedlings  are  safe, 
and  do  you  think  that  this  latter  fact  has  anything  to  do  with  the 
fact  that  one  of  our  largest  rose  growers  of  the  middle  west  believes 
in  the  present  quarantine?  He  is  honest  enough  to  admit  that  he  does, 
but  there  are  ugly  rumors  around  of  several  large  nurserymen  openly 

21 


opposing  the  quarantine  but  privately  going  to  Washington  and  help- 
ing the  present  Board  to  enforce  and  to  extend  it.  It  is  also  said  in 
the  trade  that  it  is  not  safe  for  a  nurseryman  to  attack  the  present 
law,  and  as  an  example  they  will  tell  you  of  a  nurseryman  in  New  Jer- 
sey who  was  one  of  the  most  vigorous  fighters  against  it,  and  then 
"wdll  tell  you  of  a  strange  coincidence  that  the  Federal  Horticultural 
Board  suddenly  discovered  a  very  dangerous  new  plant  pest  in  or 
near  his  nurseries,  and  attempted  only  a  few  weeks  ago  to  quaran- 
tine the  whole  town  in  which  the  nursery  was  located  forbidding 
any  plant  or  part  thereof  to  be  shipped  out,  although  still  allowing 
trains  and  automobiles  to  travel  freely  through  it. 

The  Federal  Government  some  years  ago  officially  recognized  the 
fact  that  gipsy  and  brown-tail  moths  would  spread  more  quickly 
by  faUing  upon  passing  automobiles  than  by  being  transported  by 
plants,  for  they  sprayed  all  roadside  trees  in  New  England  while 
allowing  plants  to  be  shipped  out  of  there. 

Nothing  that  the  ladies  of  the  Garden  Club  or  America  can 
do  can  have  as  great  an  effect  upon  the  future  of  gardening  in  this 
country  as  in  their  attitude  against  this  quarantine,  and  their  wiUing- 
ness  to  go  on  record  and  fight  strongly  against  it.  If  it  is  allowed  to 
stand  and  be  added  to  from  time  to  time  it  will  be  a  question  of  but 
a  few  years  when  you  will  not  be  allowed  to  buy  any  plants  except  in 
your  immediate  neighborhood,  which  will  mean  not  only  very  high 
prices  but  inadequate  stock,  and  will  mean  to  all  intents  and  purposes 
the  death  of  gardening  in  America.  If  my  few  remarks  have  done 
nothing  else  I  hope  they  will  arouse  you  to  the  necessity  for  action 
in  this  matter. 

BALM 

If  you  know  pain,  if  you  know  sorrow, 

Go  to  the  wood  where  May  be-stirs  her  wings 

Hold  out  the  red  cup  of  your  heart 

And  catch  the  gold  notes  that  a  robin  flings. 

George  O'Neil. 


22 


The  Point  of  View  of  the  Professional  Gardener 

William  L.  Craig 
Superintendent,  Faulkner  Farm,  Brookline,  Massachusetts 

Madam  President  and  Members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  : 
I  feel  very  much  honored  in  being  asked  to  speak  before  your  Club, 
which  has  done  and  is  doing  so  much  to  advance  horticulture  in 
America.  I  would  that  one  more  eloquent  than  I,  and  one  who  could 
better  voice  the  aims,  aspirations  and  activities  of  the  professional 
gardener,  were  addressing  you,  but  in  our  profession  we  lack  the 
sophistries  of  the  poHtician  and  the  platitudes  of  the  office  seeker.  In 
our  Association  we  labor  without  remuneration  hoping  that  in  the 
not  distant  future  our  humble  efforts  may  lead  to  the  placing  of  our 
organization  and  craft  on  a  loftier  plane. 

I  may  fair  lay  claim  to  being  a  representative  professional  gardener 
as  were  my  father,  grandfather  and  great-grandfather  before  me.  I 
was  born,  brought  up  and  started  my  horticultural  career  in  a  beauti- 
ful garden  not,  perhaps,  unknown  to  some  of  you,  Levens  Hall  with  its 
matchless  topiary  gardens  located  in  Westmoorland,  England,  near 
the  Scottish  border,  a  land  of  mountain,  moor,  lake  and  forest,  with 
enchanting  scenery  on  every  hand,  enough  to  make  anyone  a  lover  of 
Nature  and  particularly — :when  he  or  she  was  born  with  a  love  of 
flowers  in  their  veins. 

My  parents  were  sturdy  Scotch  people  and  greatly  desired  that  I 
should  follow  the  legal  profession,  but  the  love  of  gardening  was  too 
deep  in  my  veins  and  while  today  I  may  be  poorer  financially  than  if 
I  had  become  a  legal  luminary,  I  have  at  least  the  satisfaction  of 
knowing  that  the  caUing  I  am  following  gives  more  real  pleasure  to  the 
lover  of  the  great  outdoors  than  any  other  I  can  name,  and  it  is  be- 
cause I  desire  to  see  the  profession  of  gardening  more  looked  up  to  by 
all  patrons  of  horticulture  that  I  have  for  some  years,  in  a  very  humble 
way,  'tis  true,  supported  the  excellent  work  being  done  by  the  National 
Association  of  Gardeners,  of  which  my  friend,  Mr.  Ebel,  is  the  efficient 
Secretary. 

The  professional  gardener  of  today  in  America  is  very  variable  in 
t3^e.  I  prefer  today  to  speak  of  those  who  are  well-trained  gardeners, 
and  not  the  large  floating  class  of  men  who  claim  to  be  such  but  whose 
limited  gardening  experience  unfits  them  for  filHng  any  responsible 
position,  however  competent  they  may  be  in  carrying  out  such  duties 
as  lawn  mowing,  pruning  such  deciduous  shrubs  as  Loniceras,  Spiraeas 
and  Forsythias  into  topiary  forms,  planting  and  caring  for  some  of  the 
more  common  flowers  and  vegetables  and  doing  the  miscellaneous 
work  customarily  performed  by  men  we  class  as  chore-men  in  New 
England. 

23 


The  real  gardener  is  one  who  has  made  gardening  his  life  study 
here  or  abroad.  The  bulk  of  professional  gardeners  have  at  least  some 
European  training.  This  is  advantageous  as  he  is  more  Likely  to  re- 
ceive a  thorough  grounding  in  the  rudimentary  parts  of  the  profession 
than  here.  American  boys  are  singularly  reluctant  to  follow  a  calling 
which  may  be  beautiful  and  enjoyable  but  cannot  be  learned  in  a 
year  or  two,  no  matter  how  bright  and  receptive  the  workers  are.  For 
this  reason,  commercial  floriculture  with  its  greater  financial  pos- 
sibiHties,  landscape  gardening  and  the  mechanical  trades  are  now 
taking  practically  all  of  our  young  men,  a  portion  at  least  of  whom  we 
had  hoped  would  have  been  training  to  fill  the  positions  we  older  men 
must  ere  long  vacate,  and  we  must  admit  that  in  almost  any  other  call- 
ing the  learner  secures  a  more  adequate  remuneration  than  in  gar- 
dening. 

I  have  had  assistants,  in  some  cases  purely  unskilled  laborers,  who 
during  the  war  made  $40  to  $75  per  week  in  government  work.  Very 
few  of  these  are  returning  to  their  old  calling,  now  that  more  nearly 
normal  conditions  prevail,  and  in  common  with  every  man  who  has 
charge  of  a  private  estate  I  find  it  increasingly  difficult  to  secure  not 
only  competent  assistants,  but  laborers  to  perform  the  necessary  work. 
Thousands  of  young  gardeners  joined  the  colors  in  the  late  European 
War  and  a  large  proportion  were  killed  or  maimed,  and  a  decreasing 
number  both  here  and  abroad  are  taking  up  gardening  as  a  profession. 
The  "call  of  the  wild"  seems  to  be  in  the  blood  of  many  young  men, 
and  having  helped  to  "save  the  world  for  democracy"  they  have 
greater  visions  and  ambitions  and  seem  unable  to  content  themselves 
with  so  humble  and  humdrum  a  calling  as  gardening. 

How  can  we  change  these  things?  How  can  we  induce  some  of  our 
growing  youths  to  follow  a  calling  which  is  at  once  ancient  and 
honorable?  All  honest  labor  is  honorable  we  must  admit,  and  can  any 
work  be  more  so  than  the  tilling  of  the  brown  soil?  What  are  some  of 
the  reasons  that  hold  men  back  from  following  the  profession  of 
gardening? 

First. — It  takes  too  long  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  it  which  will 
bring  the  man  (or  woman)  following  it  a  moderate  income. 

Second. — The  fact  that  the  gardener's  life  is  in  many  respects  a 
quiet  not  to  say  a  lonely  one  for  a  large  part  of  the  year  must  be  con- 
sidered. He  is  in  many  places  situated  long  distances  from  towns, 
villages,  churches,  schools,  railroads  and  places  of  amusement,  and 
employers  in  many  places  are  not  very  considerate  in  providing  neces- 
sary locomotion  to  those  thus  situated. 

Third. — The  gardener  of  whatever  degree  he  may  be  is  classed  as 
a  domestic  servant,  and  oftimes  treated  with  but  scant  courtesy.  He 
is  expected  to  be  on  hand  three  hundred  sixty-five  days  in  the  year, 

24 


to  labor  long  hours  and  uncomplainingly.  He  is  criticised  for  small 
omissions  often  infinitesimal  in  character,  blamed  for  crop  failures  and 
starved  for  want  of  a  Httle  encouragement  for  work  well  done. 

Fourth. — ^The  competent  professional  gardener  does  not  as  a  rule 
receive  compensation  equivalent  to  ser^•ices  rendered.  Since  1914 
how  few  gardeners  have  been  voluntarily  offered  a  fair  advance  in 
salary!  and  are  there  not  many  penurious  employers  who  have  ad- 
vanced salaries  grudgingly  and  others  who  have  threatened  to  close 
their  estabHshments  if  any  advance  in  gardeners"  salaries  was  sug- 
gested? 

Fifth. — There  does  not  exist,  unfortunately,  that  good  fellowship 
which  should  exist  between  employer  and  employee.  I  presume 
you  ^-iU  admit  that  a  competent  gardener  who  takes  pride  in  his 
work  and  studies  his  employer's  ^^ishes  and  interests  should  be 
treated  with  courtesy,  consideration  and  kindhness.  A  man  who  aims 
in  every  possible  way  to  please  his  employer  by  introducing  new 
plants,  and  new  features  to  add  interest  to  the  gardens  under  his  care 
should,  I  consider,  be  treated  with  deference  and  respect. 

Abroad  such  noted  patrons  of  horticulture  as  the  Duke  of  Port- 
land, The  Hon.  Vicary  Gibbs,  Sir  Jeremiah  Cohnan,  Sir  Geo.  Holford, 
Mr.  Leopold  de  Rothschild,  and  others  I  could  name  are  proud  to  call 
their  gardeners  friends  and  to  refer  to  them  as  such  at  pubHc  horti- 
cultural functions.  I  feel  that  in  this  great  Republic  where  democracy 
is  supposed  to  rule,  we  should  not  lag  behind  any  of  the  older  lands  in 
such  matters  as  these. 

It  would  help  considerably  if  on  estates  where  a  number  of  men 
are  kept,  in  addition  to  comfortable  H\-ing  quarters,  a  small  library, 
containing  horticultin-al  and  other  works  and  some  weekly  periodicals 
were  pro\ided.  I  am  glad  this  is  done  on  some  estates;  others  might 
profitably  do  like-^dse,  the  expense  would  not  be  great  and  such 
allowances  would  be  appreciated. 

I  have  referred  to  some  of  the  drawbacks  and  discouragements 
which  confront  the  professional  gardener,  and  can  you  name  any 
caUing  which  requires  a  greater  amount  of  care  and  forethought  than 
gardening?  The  man  who  possesses  a  good  knowledge  of  the  culture  of 
plants,  flowers,  fruits  and  vegetables  under  glass  and  outdoors,  prun- 
ing, propagation,  road  making,  lawn  tennis  and  other  forms  of  con- 
struction, tree  surgery  and  how  to  fight  numerous  insect  pests  and 
diseases,  and  who  can  plan  and  plant  shrubberies,  flower,  rock,  wild 
and  aquatic  gardens  and  often  more  artistically  than  the  highly  paid 
landscape  architects,  must  have  skiU  of  no  mean  degree,  and  often 
when  as  in  an  increasing  number  of  cases  he  successfiflly  cares  for 
horses,  cattle,  sheep  and  poultry  and  houses  hay,  silage,  ice,  cereal  and 
other  crops,  and  in  addition  oversees  the  plumbing,  painting,  heating, 


Kghting,  carpentry  and  general  construction  work  on  a  private  estate, 
I  believe  you  are  all  ready  to  admit  that  such  a  man  merits  a  good 
salary,  a  much  better  one  than  he  in  the  majority  of  instances  receives 
today. 

The  serious  question  confronting  us  today'  is:  Where  are  the 
gardeners  of  the  future  to  come  from?  All  advices  from  abroad  in- 
dicate that  the  great  estates  as  a  result  of  the  war  are  employing  far 
fewer  men,  also  that  few  youths  are  entering  the  profession  owing  to 
superior  financial  inducements  in  other  industries.  Personally,  I  have 
tried  young  agricultural  coUege  men  and  high-school  boys,  but  it 
has  proved  rather  discouraging  work.  Boys  were  helpful  the  past  two 
or  three  years  but  alas!  they  who  have  seen  the  cities  think  gardening 
is  prosaic,  dull  and  uninteresting.  "A  back  to  the  land"  movement  is 
necessary  and  is  bound  to  come  sooner  or  later,  and  if  the  professional 
gardeners,  the  National  Association  of  Gardeners,  and  your  .esteemed 
Garden  Clubs  co-operate,  you  will  surely  find  some  solution. 

Horticulture  has  made  good  advances  here  of  late  years,  and  for 
the  tired  city  man,  manufacturer  or  merchant  what  is  there  in  the 
world  so  fascinating,  satisfying  and  stimulating  as  gardening?  Shake- 
speare well  said,  "This  is  an  art  that  doth  mend  Nature,  change  it 
rather,  but  the  art  itself  is  Nature."  What  joy  there  is  to  see  the 
first  snowdrops,  crocus,  scillas  or  Christmas  roses  unfold  their  flowers 
as  the  sun  melts  the  last  hngering  snow  covering  them!  What  de- 
Kghts  are  ours  as  the  procession  of  floral  beauties  unfold  themselves 
before  our  eyes  through  Spring,  Summer  and  Autumn  until  even 
when  "chill  November's  surly  blasts  make  fields  and  forests  bare" 
there  are  still  in  sheltered  spots  Japanese  Anenomes  and  Pompon- 
Chrysanthemums,  Dianthus,  Pansies,  Roses  and  other  hardy  subjects 
with  a  secondary  crop  of  flowers  or  some  deciduous  shrubs  to  cheer 
our  hearts  and  the  added  assurance  that  even  though  snow  and  ice 
may  bury  our  beloved  plants,  they  will  grow,  bloom  and  cheer  us 
again  in  God's  good  season. 

In  this  way  do  I  look  upon  gardening  as  do  many  of  my  fellow 
gardeners  and  I  feel  positive  that  the  nearer  we  all  get  to  Nature  the 
richer  our  lives  will  be  and  the  better  you  mil  appreciate  the  true 
worth  of  the  professional  gardener.  I  hope  I  have  not  wearied  you. 
I  have  spoken  plainly  just  as  my  heart  feels.  If  I  have  seemed  some- 
what pessimistic  I  am  still  a  thorough  optimist  and  hope  I  have  given 
you  a  httle  insight  into  the  drawbacks,  discouragements,  hopes  and 
aspirations  of  the  oldest,  most  honorable  and  most  elevating  of  all 
calhngs,  that  of  the  true  gardener. 


26 


Mr.  Moon's  Address  at  the  Spring  Meeting 

The  foregoing  articles  are  the  speeches  made  by  Mr.  Wister  and 
Mr.  Craig  at  the  Spring  Meeting  on  March  i  yth.  A  no  less  interesting 
talk  was  given  by  Mr.  J.  Edward  Moon,  President  of  the  National 
Association  of  Nurserymen,  but  we  did  not  secure  a  copy  of  it. 

Mr.  Moon  spoke  of  the  growth  of  his  Association  both  in  im- 
portance and  numbers.  It  now  includes  400  firms  dealing  in  all 
branches;  forest  trees,  fruits,  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs,  citrus 
crops,  reforestation,  etc.  He  told  of  two  committees  which  should  be 
particularly  interesting  to  members  of  the  Garden  Club;  the  Vigi- 
lance Committee  which  keeps  a  sharp  lookout  for  unethical  practices 
and  invites  complaints;  and  a  committee  which  on  apphcation  will 
search  out  among  the  many  nurseries  rare,  scarce  and  unusual  plants, 
not  catalogued,  possibly  because  of  the  small  supply  or  because  they 
are  tucked  off  in  some  forgotten  corner  or  because  the  demand  is  so 
infrequent.  Requests  for  service  by  this  committee  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Bureau  for  Unusual  Plants  and  sent  to  John  Watson, 
Executive  Secretary,  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  to  whom  any  com- 
plaints for  the  Vigilance  Committee  should  also  be  sent. 

Mr.  Moon  spoke  of  the  serious  effect  of  Quarantine  37  upon 
the  nurseries  of  the  country  and  deplored  the  epidemic  of  state 
quarantines  recently  established.  He  admitted  that  the  motive 
was  justifiable  but  felt  that  in  many  cases  these  local  quaran- 
tines were  unnecesary  and  the  methods  of  enforcing  them  unwise. 
The  nursery  business  is  necessarily  one  of  long  time  investments. 
Unless  the  nurseryman  can  be  sure  of  a  market  when  his  stock  reaches 
maturity  he  cannot  risk  the  initial  cost.  Government  methods 
have  made  so  uncertain  the  ultimate  market  that  progress  and  im- 
provement are  endangered.  He  spoke  of  one  nursery  that  had  suffered 
a  loss  of  $100,000.  another  $30,000  through  State  Quarantines,  while 
the  loss  to  all  nurseries  has  been  upward  of  $1,000,000.  Since  nurseries 
are  not  capitalized  on  a  large  scale  these  figures  are,  on  a  percentage 
basis,  very  large.  Combined  horticultural  interests  must  find  some 
way  to  meet  the  crisis  produced  by  Quarantine  37  but  the  same  in- 
terests must  give  equal  attention  to  the  State  Quarantines  which 
are  manifestly  unfair  in  that  a  quarantined  state  may  send  out  in- 
fected stock  but  closes  its  borders  to  all  importation.  Some  of  the 
states  most  insistent  upon  the  Quarantine  are  flagrant  offenders  in 
this  particular. 

Mr.  Moon's  address  inspired  great  confidence  in  the  organization 
which  he  represented  and  formed  a  basis  for  cordial  relations  be- 
tween the  amateur,  professional,  and  commercial  interests  which 
hitherto,  perhaps,  have  understood  each  other  too  httle. 

K.  L.  B. 
27 


The  Effect  of  Quarantine  No.  37  upon  the 
Nurseries  of  Holland 

P.    M.    KOSTER 

"Lone  par  les  uns,  blame  par  les 
autres  je  me  hdte,  d'en  rire,  de 
peur  d'etre  oblige  d'en  pleurer" 

Until  last  year  September,  I  have  been  living  in  Boskoop  (Holland). 
I  was  brought  up  between  plants  (it  was  in  Father's  nurseries  that 
Koster's  Blue  Spruce  originated) ,  and  I  was  raised  in  a  community 
where  700  nurseries  were  established  and  7,000  inhabitants  made  a 
living  on  these  nurseries. 

Many  changes  I  have  seen  in  these  nurseries,  a  number  of  which 
were  conducted  successfully  since  a  couple  of  centuries !  From  a  small 
village,  supplying  fruit  trees,  shrubs  and  shade  trees  to  the-  Holland 
consumers,  Boskoop  developed  into  a  world-known  nursery  center, 
visited  by  numerous  foreigners  including  many  Americans.  They  did 
not  only  come  to  buy  the  products  they  needed,  they  also  came  to 
study  what  was  grown  and  how  it  was  grown,  and  no  propagating 
house  was  ever  closed  to  such  visitors,  all  information  was  cheerfully 
given. 

Not  only  foreigners  came  to  Boskoop  but  also  many  nurserymen 
from  Boskoop  made  annual  trips  to  almost  every  country  where 
plants  were  bought,  and  these  trips  were  greatly  beneficial  to  the 
horticultural  importance  of  Boskoop. 

Were  we  not  proud  to  have  discovered  a  plant,  for  which  we  knew 
a  demand  could  be  created,  in  Veitch's,  or  Lemoine's  or  Spath's 
nurseries,  or  in  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  the 
Holland  House  and  Temple  Flower  Shows  or — some  small 
nursery,  as  sometimes  happened — a  plant  which  had  escaped  the 
attention  of  our  friends — competitors? 

Was  it  not  a  glorious  time  when  the  Boskoop  nurserymen  could 
show  the  products  of  their  efforts  in  hybridizing:  the  splendid  new 
Azaleas,  Anthony  Rosier,  J.  C.  van  Tol,  Hollandia;  the  new  Conifers, 
the  new  Lilacs? 

So  many  beautiful  things  were  grown  and  grown  to  such  perfection 
that  we  nurserymen  were  proud  to  show  our  products  abroad  and  the 
visitors  to  the  Great  International  Flower  Shows  of  Diisseldorf,  Ber- 
lin, Petrograd,  London  and  San  Francisco  will  undoubtedly  remember 
the  splendid  collective-exhibits  Holland  made  at  these  shows. 

In  1911  and  1913  great  Flower  Shows  were  held  at  Boskoop, 
horticulturists  from  more  than  a  dozen  foreign  countries,  including  a 
very  well  known  American  nurseryman,  came  to  Boskoop  to  judge  the 
products  grown  and  thousands  of  visitors,  including  royalty,  admired 

28 


the  glorious  exhibits,  and  experts  from  every  part  of  the  globe  met  in 
the  Horticultural  Center  of  the  World !  .  .  .  . 

In  1 9 14  the  first  thunderbolt  came  from  a  blue  sky.  Shipping 
plants  to  Austria,  Belgium,  France,  Germany  ceased;  with  great 
difiSculties  shipping  to  America  was  continued  until  in  Spring  191 7  all 
shipping  stopped. 

The  nurserymen  then  were  facing  a  most  difficult  situation;  unlike 
an  industrial  plant,  a  factory,  nurseries  can  not  be  closed,  they  must 
be  kept  clean,  plants  must  be  transplanted  or  they  are  ruined. 

However,  the  nurserymen  did  not  lose  courage.  Would  not  the 
war  be  over  soon  now  that  America  came  to  the  assistance  of  the 
AUies;  and  would  not  America,  with  its  uncalculable  wealth,  buy  ail 
plants  that  could  be  offered  for  sale,  all  plants  suitable  for  American 
gardens?  Consequently  many  nurseries  were  kept  in  first  class  shape; 
only  the  very  best  plants  were  planted  in  order  to  have  sufficient 
room,  everything  that  was  not  first  class  was  discarded.  Some  nurs- 
eries never  were  in  finer  shape ! 

In  June,  1918,  the  Horticultural  Trade  Papers  brought  the  news 
that  a  hearing  had  been  held  in  Washington;  that  a  law  was  under 
consideration  to  stop  the  importation  of  some  plants  in  19 19,  of  others 
in  1925.  After  that  date  no  importation  of  plants  would  be  possible, 
with  some  exceptions  of  Httle  importance  to  the  wholesale  trade. 

Some  American  horticultural  papers  did  not  take  this  intended  law 
seriously  and  ....  we  nurserymen?  We  never  had  any  warning, 
neither  from  our  American  friends,  nor  from  the  Holland  Government; 
we  could  not  beheve  that  such  a  thing  could  be  possible.  Did  not  the 
American  nurserymen  need  our  Rhododendron,  our  Azalea,  our  Coni- 
fers, our  Lilacs,  would  we  not  be  able  to  ship  the  many  things  which 
we  actually  had  grown  on  verbal  contracts,  which  were  ready  now 
to  ship  after  so  many  years  of  cultivation? 

.  November  13,  1918,  we  learned  from  the  papers  (letters  at  that 
time  took  several  weeks  to  come  over)  that  Quarantine  No.  37  had 
been  sent  to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  for  his  signature  and  Decem- 
ber 5th,  we  received  a  cable  stating  that  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
had  signed  the  new  Regulation  which  excluded  all  plants  for  im- 
mediate sale  with  the  exception  of  fruit  stocks  and  rose  stocks,  two 
articles,  almost  without  importance  to  the  Boskoop  nurseries.  The 
original  idea  to  allow  the  importation  of  Azalea  and  Rhododendron 
until  June,  1925,  even  had  been  abandoned. 

Grabbing,  what  we  thought  was  the  last  straw,  the  writer  of  this 
letter  was  sent  over  to  America  by  the  Holland  Government  to  try 
to  get  exceptions  or  modffications,  but  ....  all  in  vain. 

Since  Quarantine  No.  37  became  effective,  several  Holland 
nurserymen  are  facing  ruin,  Europe  can  not  buy  their  products;  their 

29 


life  long  devotion  to  their  business,  to  their  interests  in  Horticulture  is 
crushed.  A  race  of  thoroughbred  nurserymen  is  thrown  out  of  oc- 
cupation, making  bonfires  of  their  plants,  after  trying  to  dispose  of 
them  at  any  price;  plants  grown  with  so  much  care,  plants  in  which  a 
great  deal  of  their  capital,  if  not  all,  was  invested.  Thousands  of 
Rhododendrons,  of  Azalea,  Enkianthus,  Conifers,  Viburnums  and 
numerous  other  plants  were  burned  .  .  .  every  plant  a  specimen. 

"Je  me  hate  d'en  rire,  de  peur  d'etre  oblige  d'en  pleurer"  La 
Rochefoucauld  did  not  know  that  his  words  would  be  used  by  nursery- 
men to  conceal  their  feeUngs!  ! 

I  still  cannot  believe  that  Quarantine  No.  37  is  final;  I  still  be- 
lieve that  means  can  be  found  to  restore  the  Horticultural  inter- 
course and  as  a  nurseryman  and  a  lover  of  plants,  I  feel  it  my  duty  to 
fight  for  this  restoration  ..."  loue  par  les  uns,  blame  par  les 
autres"! 

The  New  York  Flower  Show 

There  were  charming  exhibits  at  this  year's  New  York  Show,  but 
none  more  lovely  than  the  arrangement  of  Acacias  and  CHvias  shown 
by  Mrs.  F.  A.  Constable,  Mamaroneck,  N.  Y.  These  filled  a  large 
space;  and  amid  the  feathery  yellow  of  beautifully  grown  Acacias  of  a 
number  of  varieties,  were  set  great  tubs  of  handsome,  vividly  orange 
CUvias.    Mrs.  Constable  also  showed  a  magnificent  Fish-Tail  Palm. 

Another  interesting  display  and  very  beautiful  in  its  massed 
color  effect  was  that  of  CameUias,  shown  by  Mr.  WilHam  R.  Coe, 
Planting  Fields,  Oyster  Bay.  There  were  forty  eight  varieties  ranging 
from  the  purest,  softest  white  to  velvety  carmine  red.  There  was 
great  variation  in  form  as  well;  from  flowers  so  perfect  as  to  seem 
artificial,  to  great,  loose  Hibiscus-like  blooms.  The  flowers  were  cut 
and  arranged  in  a  glowing  flat  mass.  Some  of  the  more  lovely  varieties 
were  Patti,  single  pink;  Princess  Bachionchi,  semi-double  pink,  red- 
striped;  Preston  Rose,  a  faultless  rose-color;  Imperatrice  Eugenie,  a 
perfect  white,  and  Kelvington  rubra,  a  large,  loose  red.  The  collection 
of  plants  from  which  these  were  picked  must  be  a  magnificent  one. 

A  tiny  and  charming  Rock  Garden  arranged  by  Mrs.  Chanler  and 
Mr.  Clarence  Lown  was  an  inconspicuous  but  very  interesting  exhibit. 
It  was  the  one  really  educational  feature  of  the  Show,  and  repaid 
close  inspection.  The  little  plants  were  all  named  and  though  some 
were  resentful  at  being  brought  to  so  sophisticated  a  place,  they  gave 
much  pleasure  to  such  as  knew  how  to  enjoy  them. 

There  was  another  larger  Rock  Garden  well  arranged  by  the 
Detmer  Nurseries  of  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.  It  contained  many  interesting 
plants  and  showed  taste  and  discrimination. 

30 


Scheeper's  Bulb  Garden  was  one  of  the  prettiest  things  in  the 
Show  and  for  color  effect,  perfection  of  growth  and  arrangement 
deserved  great  praise.  It  was  so  well  done  that  one  wished  he  had 
made  a  truly  and  possible  Bulb  Garden  of  it,  using  such  things  as 
bloom  at  the  same  time.  Perhaps  he  will  next  year.  One  thing  that 
he  had  in  quantity  was  that  loveliest  of  Tulips,  Clusiana,  or  the  Lady 
Tulip.  Evidently  these  are  Httle  known  to  the  gardener  and  Mr. 
Scheepers  deserves  credit  for  making  conspicuous  so  modest  a  flower. 

There  were  other  massed  flower  arrangements  scarcely  to  be  called 
gardens  but  very  gay  and  pretty.  These  were  exhibited  by  Mr. 
Adolph  Lewisohn,  Mrs.  Harry  Payne  Whitney  and  others,  and  showed 
a  profusion  of  beautifully  grown  plants  representing  every  season, 
every  clime  and  every  taste.  One  pitied  the  beginning  gardener  who 
might  take  them  as  his  or  her  ideal,  foreseeing  the  bitter  disappoint- 
ments that  the  future  hid.  Magnificent  Daffodils  were  shown  by 
the  same  two  exhibitors  and  good  Darwin  and  Breeder  Tulips  in  pots. 
Their  Primulas  and  other  specimen  plants  were  profuse  and  finely 
grown.   Mr.  Lewisohn's  Nemesjas  attracted  interest  and  enthusiasm 

Two  Rose  Gardens  were  arranged  by  the  rival  Piersons  and  were 
pretty,  if  unconvincing,  to  the  rose  gardener.  The  Cromwell,  Conn 
Pierson  showed  the  new  yellow  cUmbing  Rose,  Emily_Grey,  which  wil 
be  ready  for  distribution  in  192 1.  Its  foliage,  habit  and  bloom  are  all 
delightful  and  it  claims  to  be  hardy.  Try  it  next  year — but  order  it 
this.  It  is  so  pretty  that  you  must  not  risk  being  without  it.  Other 
new  roses  shown  were  Frank  Dunlop,  a  magnificent  great  pink  flower, 
larger  than  American  Beauty  and  with  longer  stems,  but  lacking  that 
blowsy  flower's  vulgarity.  Qdmnbia,  which  we  have  known  as  a 
florist's  Rose  these  past  two  years,  was  shown  in  perfection  by  both 
Piersons  and  praised  as  a  garden  Rose;  and  Premier,  Mrs.  Robert  Cook 
and  Crusader  were  other  beautiful  novelties. 

The  Tarrytown  Pierson  had  a  delightful  exhibition  of  Ferns  ar- 
ranged about  a  fountain  in  which  colored  Water-Lillies  floated.  The 
soft,  quiet  green  was  beautiful  in  the  midst  of  the  riot  of  color  sur- 
rounding it. 

The  exhibitions  of  Orchids  by  James  B.  Duke,  Manda  and  Lager  & 
Hurrell  were  good  and  "our"  Mrs.  Pratt  took  several  prizes  in  this 
class  for  beautiful  specimen  plants.  She  had  other  prizes  besides,  for 
cut  flowers  and  plants. 

No  better  Sweet  Peas  were  ever  shown  than  those  exhibited  late 
in  the  week.  Burpee's  exhibit  was  magnificent  and  among  the  many 
varieties,  the  following  were  especially  delectable:  Mrs^JK^errj^j^YiiiW 
salmon,  Fair^,  primrose  pink,  A_^ricot,  New  Cerise /Improved  Snojjo- 
storm,  Llauve  Beauty  and  Canary  Bird.  M.  Malheron,  of  Baldwin,  N. 
^.,  showed  beautiful  white,  mauve  and  pink  flowers,  100  sprays  of 

31 


each,  and  another  of  our  members,  Mrs.  F.  E.  Lewis,  of  Ridgeiield, 
Conn.,  took  a  special  prize  for  a  vase  of  superb,  very  dark  purple 
flowers. 

Among  the  novelties  was  a  liew  Carnation  called  MepigiHe  Frau- 
caise.  Send  for  a  description  to  "Marinelli  Carnations,*'  P.  O.  Box 
205,  Montvale,  N.  J.  You  will  be  interested  in  this  flower  though  you 
may  not  wish  to  grow  it.  It  is  just  being  put  on  the  market  and  is  still 
very  expensive.  The  exhibition  at  the  Show  enbraced  many  varieties 
though  but  one  is,  as  yet,  available. 

Another  "novelty"  easier  to  have  is  Leptosyne  Maritima.  You 
have  all  seen  its  name  in  catalogues,  but  did  you  know  it  was  a  beautiful 
tall  yellow  annual,  so  like  a  glorified  yellow  Cosmos,  that  its  real  name 
is  scarcely  behevable?  Its  habits  in  the  garden  are  unknown  to  the 
writer  but  forced  in  pots  it  is  most  engaging. 

The  garden  appHances  at  the  New  York  Show  are  always  inter- 
esting and  a  particularly  intriguing  one  was  the  Kirkspray  which 
attaches  to  a  hose  and  sprays  the  garden  with  any  sort  of  a  bug  or 
disease  kiUer  it  may  happen  to  need.  These  are  canned  so  alluringly 
that  you  covet  them  for  the  bath  room  cupboard.  Send  for  the 
catalogue  at  98  Chambers  Street,  New  York.  You  should  buy  a 
miniature  garden  tractor,  too,  and  a  motor  lawn  mower  and  if  you 
would  like  a  really  good  garden  ornament  or  bird  bath,  you  can  find 
them  in  concrete,  very  inexpensive,  at  the  J.  C.  ICraus  Cast  Stone 
Works,  Inc.,  363  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York. 

This  year  the  Garden  Club  of  America  was  offered  space  at  the 
Flower  Show  for  any  exhibits  they  chose  to  make.  Can't  we  take  this 
space  if  the  same  opportunity  is  given  us  next  year  and  show  Flower 
Arrangements,  Table  Decorations,  good  uses  of  easily  grown  things, 
and  prove  that  the  amateur  with  taste  has  something  to  teach,  that 
even  specimen  flowers  can  be  ugly  if  ill-used,  while  insignificant  blooms 
are  lovely  if  understood? 

TRANSGRESSION 

I  meant  to  do  my  work  today. 

But  a  brown  bird  sang  in  the  apple  tree 

And  a  butterfly  flitted  across  the  field 

And  all  the  leaves  were  calling  me. 

And  the  wind  went  sighing  o'er  the  land, 

Tossing  the  grasses  to  and  fro. 

And  a  rainbow  held  out  its  shining  hand. 

So  what  could  I  do,  but  laugh  and  go. 

Richard  Le  Galliene. 


32 


Orchid  Show  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticul- 
tural Society 

Held  in  Horticultural  Hall,  Boston,  March  24th.-28th 

I  suppose  there  are  words  delicate  but  colorful  and  vivid  enough 
to  describe  the  flowers  exhibited  in  the  recent  Boston  Orchid  Show. 
The  hall  was  transformed  into  a  place  so  charming  that  four  days 
seemed  too  short  an  existance.  The  arrangement  was  perfect;  no 
crowding,  no  artificial  showiness,  no  huddling  together  of  seasonable 
and  unseasonable  plants. 

Being  an  unpretentious,  out-door  gardener  to  whom  Orchids  meant 
three  Cattleyeas  tied  with  mauve  ribbon  and  set  off  with  a  Maiden- 
hair Fern  or  two,  or  a  few  gaunt  Cypropediums  suspended  in  wooden 
cages  from  the  roof  of  an  affluent  friend's  green-house,  the  sight  of 
thousands  of  Orchids  in  hundreds  of  varieties  was  truly  thrilling.  I 
found  a  new  and  unsuspected  object  for  enthusiasm. 

In  the  Lecture  Hall  were  the  Orchids  of  Mr.  Albert  C.  Burrage  of 
Orchidvale,  Beverly  Farms.  In  the  centre  had  been  made  great 
trees,  bark  and  moss-covered,  and  on  these  were  growing  the  Epiphytal 
or  Tree-growing  Orchids,  many  varieties  of  Phalaenopsis,  long, 
graceful  sprays  of  mauve  or  white.  Professor  Sargent's  favorite  and 
mine;  Cattleyeas,  Dendrodiums,  Laelias,  Oncidiums,  Odontoglossis, 
not  crowded  together  but  springing  here  and  there  from  the  rough, 
gray  trunks,  set  off  by  Httle  ferns  and  vines.  Along  one  side  was  a 
bank  and  there  grew  the  Terrestrial  Orchids,  the  most  showy  of 
which  were  the  Cymbidiums  whose  sprays  two  and  three  feet  long 
were  topped  with  many  cream,  faun  and  tawny  yellow  flowers, 
splashed  and  dotted  with  color.  I  had  not  known  this  beautiful 
variety  which  combines  exotic  perfection  with  a  certain  wholesome 
beauty  of  habit  and  texture.  The  Cj^ropediums  were  growing  on 
the  bank  and  other  varieties  though  not  so  many  as  on     the  trees. 

Across  from  this  bank  was  another,  reaching  from  floor  to  ceiling, 
where  were  grouped  all  the  hundreds  of  varieties  grown  by  Mr. 
Burrage.  There  was  a  true,  rich,  blue  Vanda  Caerulea,  charming 
Laelia-Cattleyeasin  salmon-rose  and  bronzy  orange  tones,  the  bright, 
sharp  scarlet  of  Sophronitis  Grandiflora  and  all  the  creamy  whites, 
pinky  mauves  and  greenish  yellows  that  the  texture  of  the  Orchid  so 
beautifully  shows.  Seemingly  floating  over  all  was  a  strange,  comet- 
like flower,  strangely  called  Angraecum  sesquepedale. 

On  the  third  side  of  the  room  were  specimen  plants,  Cattleyeas 
with  fifty  or  more,  great,  perfect  blooms,  Cymbidiums  with  twenty 
stalks  of  primrose  flowers,  all  perfectly  grown  and  perfectly  shown. 
There  was  an  exhibit,  too  of  Orchids  from  the  smallest  seedhngs, 
through  the  various  stages  to  a  ripe  old  age. 

33 


This  was  but  one  exhibit  of  Orchids.  Julius  Roehrs  had  an  excel- 
lent and  large  collection  and  the  most  beautiful  blooms  of  all  were 
displayed  by  Mr.  Arthur  L.  Cooky  of  Pittsfield.  These  were  cut  and 
arranged  in  vases.  Mrs.  Ernest  B.  Dane  showed  a  wonderful  collec- 
tion of  Cypropediums.  I  hope  other  Garden  Club  members  know 
better  than  did  I  how  beautiful  and  innumerable  Orchids  can  be. 
Otherwise  their  imaginations  cannot  expand  a  rather  feeble  descrip- 
tion into  a  realization  of  what  the  exhibit  really  was. 

A  rival  in  interest  to  the  Orchids  were  the  Kurume  Azaleas  brought 
from  Japan  to  the  Arboretum  by  Mr.  Wilson.  They  were  in  the  per- 
fection of  bloom,  their  colors  the  whole  range  of  shades  shown  by 
Sweet  Peas.  They  were  charming,  umbrella-shaped  little  trees,  the 
youngest  about  thirty,  the  oldest  about  seventy  years  old.  As  you 
looked  down  upon  them  from  the  steps  that  led  into  the  main  hall 
you  understood  the  unwillingness  to  part  with  them  of  the  old  man 
who  had  trained  them  though  all  those  years  and  his  sorrow  when  a 
commercially-minded  son  carried  his  point  and  sold  them.  A  letter 
from  Boston  says  they  have  been  sold  again  for  $ioo  each.  If  you 
wish  to  know  all  about  these  lovely  small  trees,  write  to  the  Massachu- 
setts Horticultural  Society  for  their  leaflet  about  them. 

On  each  side  of  the  Azaleas  were  massed  the  wonderful  Acacias  of 
Thomas  Roland  of  Nahant.  The  airy  charm  of  these  plants  is  im- 
possible to  describe.  The  collection  is  unique  and  unless  you  have 
seen  Mr.  Roland's  Acacias,  you  do  not  know  how  beautiful  yellow 
flowers  can  be.  The  arrangements  against  and  among  pine  boughs 
gave  added  charm. 

At  the  end  of  the  hall  was  Farquhar's  exhibit  of  LiKum  Regale  and 
Azalea  Kaempheri  with  a  background  of  Cedars.  The  pinkish  buds  of 
the  Lihes  and  the  red  tips  of  the  Cedars  made  a  charming  harmony 
with  the  clear  salmon  of  the  Azaleas.  No  doubt  there  were  many 
things  that  Mr.  Farquhar  might  have  shown.  Instead  he  chose  to 
make  a  tasteful,  restrained  and  altogether  successful  display  of  a  few 
good  things. 

From  Mr.  Walter  Hunnewell's  place  at  Wellesley,  came  a  delight- 
ful group  of  Rhodendrons,  Miss  Louise  Hunnewell,  a  cross  between 
R.  Japonica  and  R.  Chinensis,  which  has  resulted  in  a  perfectly  hardy, 
vivid  orange  form  which  is  very  beautiful.  Both  parents  were  present, 
gratified,  no  doubt,  by  the  silver  medal  awarded  to  their  child  as  the 
best  plant  of  American  origin  in  the  show.  This  exhibit  was  another 
example  of  beautiful  arrangement.  White  heather  was  used  to  cover  the 
pots  and  set  off  the  color  of  the  plants  displayed.  Another  beautiful 
Rhodendron  was  R.  Formosum,  a  very  fine  white  form  but  not  hardy. 

From  Faulkner  Farms  came  Laburnum,  Lilacs  and  other  flowering 
shrubs  and  plants,  dehghtfully  grouped. 

34 


Among  the  smaller  groups  were  some  really  wonderful  Cinerarias 
and  Schyzanthus  shown  by  Mrs.  C.  G.  Weld.  The  color,  quality, 
size  and  foHage  of  these  were  extraordinary.  Mrs.  Weld  also  showed 
Carnations,  Laddie,  and  cut  flowers. 

There  were  few  cut  flowers  or  bulbs  but  many  plants  and  groups 
of  plants  shown  both  by  amateurs  and  professionals.  It  would  be  im- 
possible to  tell  about  them  all  and  impossible  not  to  be  regretful  that 
every  member  of  the  Garden  Club  could  not  see  them  all.  Every 
day  the  rooms  were  full  of  people  breathless  with  admiration  and  on 
Sunday  the  Show  was  open  to  children,  the  only  grown  people  allowed 
being  the  teachers  who  came  with  them. 

In  the  entrance  hall  were  beautifully  illustrated  books  from  Mr. 
Burrage's  Orchid  library,  but  painted  flowers  were  at  a  disadvantage 
and  the  very  fine  collection  of  books  was  rather  neglected  for  the 
enchanting  collection  of  flowers  within. 

When  the  eye  is  satisfied  it  is  difiicult  to  translate  that  satisfac- 
tion into  written  words.  The  Boston  Orchid  Show  was  so  completely 
beautiful  that  a  description  is  worthless  but  necessary,  that  when 
another  comes  you  may  journey  from  the  ends  of  the  earth  to  see  it. 

K.  L.  B. 


Some  of  Mrs.  Stout's  Notable  Dahlias 

Effie  Chandler  Rhodes,  Short  Hills  Garden  Club 

The  Short  Hills  Garden  Club  has  long  been  noted  for  its  Dahhas. 
Its  annual  Dahlia  Show  attracts  the  attention  not  only  of  amateurs 
but  also  of  professional  growers. 

Much  of  our  prominence  and  reputation  in  this  respect  is  due  to 
the  skill,  knowledge  and  industry  of  our  Secretary,  Mrs.  Charles  H. 
Stout.  For  years  she  has  not  been  content  with  merely  raising  the 
Dahhas  developed  by  others,  but  she  has  experimented  with  her  own. 
The  results  have  been  most  satisfactory.  She  has  developed  many 
new  and  very  beautiful  varieties. 

I  think  the  readers  of  the  Bulletin  will  be  interested  to  see  a 
list  of  Mrs.  Stout's  achievements. 

Mrs.  Stout  has  been  awarded  the  following  prizes  at  various 
DahHa  Shows:  Ten  silver  medals,  twenty-four  silver  cups,  first  prize 
of  the  American  Dahlia  Society  for  collection  of  seedlings  of  191 9, 
silver  medal  of  the  New  York  Horticultural  Society  for  collection  of 
her  own  hybrids. 

Mrs.  Stout  has  an  interesting  and  very  instructive  lecture  on 
Dahhas  and  their  culture,  with  many  slides. 

35 


List  of  Dahlias  Grown  by 

Mrs.  Charles  H.  Stout 

5  VNSHINE    Golden  Duplex,  petals  broad  and  rounded,  tall  and  vigorous.  Won  the  first  Certificate 

of  Merit  ever  issued  by  the  American  Dahlia  Society,  1015. 

Garden  Magazine  Achievement  Medal,  1915. 

Certificate  New  York  Horticultural  Society,  1916. 

Certificate  Florists'  Society,  1916. 

Two  Blue  Ribbons  and  Sweepstakes  Prize  over  all  at  Portland,  Oregon,  1916. 

Has  won  first  in  every  class  and  show  where  exhibited. 
GERTRUDE  DAHL    Opalescent  pink  Peony  flowered.  Early  bloomer,  medium  height,  exceptionally 

free  flowering.   Of  slender,  refined  habit. 

Certificate  American  Dahlia  Society,  1916. 

Silver  Cup  American  Dahlia  Society,  for  the  best  new  Dahlia,  and  named  by  the  Society  for 

Gertrude  Dahl  Mordecai,  direct  descendant  of  Andree  Dahl,  for  whom  all  Dahlias  are  named  1916. 

Certificate  New  York  Horticultural  Society,  igrS. 
EMILY  D.  RENWICK.    Rose  Decorative,  base  of  petals  pale  yellow,  giving  them  a  transparent 

appearance,  frilled  edges.    Plants  are  large,  of  medium  height,  very  free  bloomer.  Cut  flowers  will 

keep  ten  days  or  more  in  water. 

Certificate  American  Dahlia  Society,  1918. 

Certificate  New  Yoik  Horticultural  Society,  1919. 

Silver  Medal,  Short  Hills  Dahlia  Show  (Garden  Club)  1918. 

Entire  stock  has  been  bought  by  up  Geo.  Smith  &  Sons,  East  Orange,  N.  J. 
J.  HARRISON  DICK     Hybrid  cactus  dahlia,  pale  corn  colored,  edges  of  petals  are  picoted  with 

delicate  lavender.    Heads  are  held  upright  so  that  back  petals  hang  down  in  a  showei  like  a 

chrysanthemum.   Long  stems. 

Certificate  American  Dahlia  Society,  1918. 

Winner  191 6  American  Dahlia  Society,  for  best  unnamed  "tested"  seedling  Dahlia,  to  be  named 

by  the  Society  for  their  late  Secretary,  Mr.  J.  Harrison  Dick. 

This  Dahlia  is  now  the  property  of  the  American  Dahlia  Society,  from  whom  plants  may  be 

purchased,  $2.00  each.   Address  Richard  Vincent,  Jr.,  Pres.,  White  Marsh,  Maryland. 
LUCY  LANGDON.    Pale  pinkish  lavender  Decorative.   Vigorous  grower,  very  free  bloomer.   Strong 

stems. 

Certificate  American  Dahlia  Society,  1918. 
MINNESINK    Large  deep  red  Decorative.    Strong  grower,  free  bloomer,  flowers  have  stiff  stems 

Certificate  American  Dahlia  Society,  1919. 

At  Short  Hills  Show,  1918  exhibited  as  a  seedling,  it  was  taken  out  of  its  class  and  given  the 

Silver  medal  as  the  finest  Dahlia  in  the  Show. 
PENELOPE  VAN  PRINCES    Short  stocky  plants,  bearing  enormous  salmon  scarlet  hybrid  cactus 

blooms. 

Certificate,  American  Dahlia  Society,  1919. 
AMERICAN  BEA  UTY    Heavy  hybrid  cactus  Dahlia,  of  true  American  Beauty  color.Free  bloomer, 

but  needs  severe  disbudding. 
BLUSH    Enormous  pale  pink  Decorative,  almost  white  at  the  center.  Very  long  stems,  blooms  freely. 
APPLE  BLOOSOM    Charming  pink  single  on  long  graceful  stem.   Flowers  very  freely,  resembling 

its  name. 
NINE  OF  SPADES    Enormous  blood  red  peony  Dahlia,  with  splendid  stem.  Not  very  free  bloomer 

causing  the  flowers  to  grow  to  great  size. 

Four  of  the  above  have  not  yet  been  submitted  for  Certificates. 
SHANTUNG    Seedling  of  1919.    Exhibited  only  at  Short  Mills.    Geisha  coloring,  peony  Dahlia. 

Stems  four  feet  long,  stiff  as  walking  sticks.  Blooms  average  ten  inches  across.  Very  free  flower- 
ing.  Was  able  to  show  six  blooms  at  the  Show,  and  cut  four  more  the  next  day  from  one  plant, 

of  course.  Silver  Medal,  Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  1919. 


"  Say  it  with  the  Flowers,"  the  Sign-board  lowers. 

Jarring  on  rustic  scene. 

Obedient,  I  murmur,  enigmatically 

Daisy 

Aster 

Mallow 

Nicotine.  !!! 

A.  G.  H. 


36 


Solution  of  the  Garden  Problem  Offered  in 
the  November  Bulletin 

The  editor  takes  great  pride  in  announcing  that  Miss  Nichols  has 
chosen  as  the  winning  plan  that  submitted  by  Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill, 
East  Hampton  Garden  Club.  This  pride  is  occasioned  by  the  fact 
that  the  editor  knew  enough  to  choose  Mrs.  Hill  as  an  associate 
editor.  She  is  not  surprised  at  the  result  of  the  competition  but  she  is 
gratified  to  prove  so  promptly  to  the  Garden  Club  of  America  that 
while  she  attempts  to  find  congenial  minds  she  indubitably  knows 
how  to  pick  winners. 

Unfortunately  this  Bulletin  is  so  crowded  that  we  cannot  give 
the  planting  plan  and  description  but  since  it  is  too  late  for  spring 
planting  and  to  early  for  fall  the  postponement  is  not  serious. 

The  Farm  Journal  has  also  made  its  awards  for  the  Second  Prize 
Contest.  The  first  prize,  $20.00,  was  awarded  to  Mrs.  Francis  King, 
the  second  prize,  $10.00,  (this  is  recorded  with  profound  embarrass- 
ment) to  Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster,  and  the  third  prize  of  $5.00  to 
Mrs.  Roy  Sturtevant  of  the  Garden  Club  of  IlHnois.  The  winning 
plans  will  be  printed  in  the  Farm  Journal  for  September,  October 
and  November  and  will  also  be  reproduced  in  an  issue  of  the  Bulletin. 

Book  Reviews 

Reviewing  Committee 

Mrs.  William  K.  Walbridge,  Chairman.  Mrs.  T.  H.  B.  McKnight 

Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage  Mrs.  Henry  A.  Prince 

Mrs.  Charles  H.  Stout 

(All  books  marked  (*),  whether  new  or  old,  are  among  those  con- 
sidered suitable  for  a  permanent  library.) 

*The  Flower  and  the  Bee:  Plant  Life  and  Pollination,  by  John  H. 
Lovell.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  Price  $2.00. 

An  adequate  review  of  the  absorbing  story  of  the  Birth  of  Plants 
could  only  be  a  literal  transcript  of  the  book  itseK,  as  it  is  almost 
impossible  to  select  for  comment  or  criticism  from  such  a  wealth  of 
material. 

For  Mr.  Lovell's  book  impresses  us  as  being  itself  a  selection  from 
an  inexhaustible  store-house  of  intimate  knowledge,  written  as  if 
in  breathless  haste  to  share  with  us  the  amazing  universal  interest  into 
which  we  are  being  initiated — the  interest  in,  and  knowledge  of,  the 
link  between  animate  and  inanimate  Nature. 

Too  often,  these  have  been  kept  carefully  apart.  We  have  studied, 
some  of  us  superficially,  botany  and  entomology,  and  having  disposed 

37 


of  them  in  their  separate  spheres,  we  emerge  from  our  rudimentary 
education  with  a  collection  of  whoUy  detached  facts  which  being 
unrelated,  set  up  a  perpetual  ferment  in  our  mental  digestive  organs. 

This  separation  is,  of  course,  the  danger  confronting  all  specialists 
in  any  field,  who  in  their  divisions  and  sub-divisions,  fail  to  take  into 
account  the  relation  of  one  part  of  a  subject  to  another.  Humanly 
speaking,  one  man  announces  that  his  special  field  of  knowledge  ends 
at  the  chin;  the  next  possibly,  has  studied  from  the  collar  bones  to 
the  diaphragm;  and  so  detaching  one  part  from  another,  the  human 
frame  is  mapped  out  into  arbitrary  portions.  So  speciaKsts  continue 
to  specialize,  ignoring  the  contention  of  Mr.  Dooley,  who  trium- 
phantly proves  the  co-relation  of  some  of  the  remoter  parts  of  our  anat- 
omy by  announcing  that  a  Japanese  can  break  a  man's  ankle  by  blow- 
ing on  his  eye-ball !  This  co-relation  is  what,  by  analogy,  Mr.  Lovell 
does  for  us.  He  gathers  together  his  specialized  knowledge  in  at  least 
three  different  fields.  His  book  is  botany — and  not  wholly  botany;  it 
is  entomology — and  not  wholly  entomology;  in  the  last  analysis,  it 
is  Floral  Biology.  A  book  of  technical  knowledge,  inexhaustible  re- 
search, and  personal  observation;  fact  upon  fact,  piled  in  an  edifice  of 
absolute  certainty,  abundant  description  of  insect  and  flower  and 
field,  a  wealth  of  anecdote  and  quotation,  a  mountain  of  statistics 
from  which  we  view  the  wonders  of  the  world,  and  are  swept  on  again 
by  a  torrent  of  words,  comparing,  sifting,  tabulating,  quoting. 

Let  it  be  admitted  at  once  that  the  book  is  no  "best  seller,"  it  is 
not  Hght  reading  in  any  sense;  and  more,  the  reader  must  be  literally 
strong  in  arm,  for  no  doubt  owing  to  the  copious  and  beautiful  illus- 
trations, it  is  printed  on  glazed  American  paper  heavy  with  clay,  and 
it  is  very  tiring  to  hold.  Nor  is  the  reader  to  be  carried  to  the  skies 
(intellectually)  on  flowery  beds  of  ease, — the  author  pelts  him  from 
the  start,  with  hard  facts  and  harder  words.  He  must  needs  provide 
himself  with  a  sturdy  mental  umbrella  as  a  shelter  against  the  hail- 
storm of  such  staggering  terms  as  gymnospermous,  symbiotic,  cycad- 
phytes,  amenophily  and  oligotropisml  And  there  are  tables  toward  the 
end  of  the  book  which  would  shatter  the  average  nerve. 

Yet  Mr.  Lovell's  book  can  be  read  by  the  amateur  in  gardens,  at 
least  once,  with  pleasure;  it  is  a  book  which  can  be  read  many  times 
by  the  worker  in  gardens,  with  profit.  And  it  is  worthy,  not  only  of 
a  star,  but  a  place  upon  the  book  shelves  of  every  lover  of  gardens,  and 
of  every  lover  of  Nature. 

With  the  sudden  eruption  of  blue-birds  in  New  York  last  winter, 
there  was  danger  that  we  might  forget  the  masterpiece  of  the  Belgian 
poet, — the  wonderful  story  of  the  Bee.  And  Mr.  Lovell  has  given  us 
keys  with  which  to  unlock  further  mysteries  in  this  fascinating  sub- 
ject.   Bee  monogamy.    Why  the  bee  recognizes  color.    Why  bee- 

38 


flowers  are  generally  blue.  Flower  fidelity.  Why  the  rose,  supposedly 
the  sweetest  of  flowers,  yields  no  nectar.  We  instantly  want  to  know 
more  of  these  exquisite  democratic  joys  which  we  call  flowers;  bee- 
flowers,  wind-flowers,  and  bird-flowers,  and  of  those  Bees  who  serve 
them,  in  the  ever-recurring  cycle  of  Life. 

M.  H.  B.  McK. 

A  Little  Garden  the  Year  Round,  by  Gardner  Teall.  E,  P.  Button 
&  Co.  Price  $2.00. 

Anyone  with  the  priceless  gift  of  imagination,  and  possessing 
a  small  plot  of  ground  where-on  to  make  a  garden, — or  even  one  al- 
ready established, — would  do  well  to  read  Mr.  Teall's  book. 

I  say  imagination,  because  though  written  with  meticulous  care 
and  most  pleasantly  expressed,  there  is  no  very  great  originaHty  of 
suggestion. 

The  chapters  are  short  and  full  of  practical  information,  and 
though  it  does  not  inspire  one  to  fly  out  ^vith  hoe  and  spade  before  the 
book  is  half  read,  yet  it  makes  one  feel  the  charm  of  a  garden  not  too 
large  for  personal  care.  M.  H.  B.  McK. 

Aristocrats  of  the  Garden,  by  Ernest  H.  Wilson.  Doubleday,  Page 
&  Co.  Price  $5.00. 

All  who  know  what  Mr.  Wilson  has  accomplished  for  the  world 
of  horticulture  will  appreciate  that  this  book  has  behind  it  an  endless 
fund  of  knowledge  on  the  subject. 

A  Blue  Book  of  the  Garden,  a  floral  Burke's  Peerage,  maybe; 
it  contains  the  family  histories  of  the  best  in  Garden  Society.  Even 
the  family  skeletons  are  discussed,  which  makes  for  spicy  reading. 

To  quote  Mr.  Wilson  himself,  "How  many  garden  lovers  ever 
pause  to  think  of  the  means  whereby  their  gardens  become  endowed 
with  multifarious  variety  from  distant  lands  and  climes.  .  .  Could 
the  denizens  of  our  gardens  give  speech,  their  story  would  be  more 
engrossing  and  more  romantic  than  that  conceived  by  the  authors  of 
the  best  sellers." 

The  book  is  worth  the  price  if  only  for  the  sake  of  the  last  Chapter, 
describing  the  quest  of  the  now  famous  Davidia  Tree. 

Sand  Dunes  and  Salt  Marshes,  by  Charles  Wendell  Townsend, 
M.  D.   The  Page  Company,  Boston,  Mass.,  1913. 

It  breathes  of  salt  spray  and  dancing  sunlight.  An  ideal  book  to 
take  along  if  a  summer  by  the  sea  is  planned.  H.  M.  S. 

*Rock  Gardening  for  Amateurs,  by  H.  H.  Thomas.  Cassell  &  Co., 
New  York. 

39 


A  book  essential  to  all  garden  lovers,  whether  amateur  or  pro- 
fessional, whether  the  owner  of  rocks  or  just  plain  garden.  A  very- 
encyclopedia  of  alpine  plants  with  plenty  of  information  regarding 
most  of  the  hardy  perennials.  It  is  crammed  full  of  photographs  both 
in  colour  and  black  and  white,  with  sketches  and  diagrams  illustrating 
methods  of  planting,  habit  of  growth  and  root  systems  of  the  flowers 
discussed. 

Put  it  on  your  nine-foot  shelf.  H.  M.  S. 

Every  Day  in  My  Garden,  by  Virginia  E.  Verplanck.  Price,  $1.75. 

Mrs.  Verplanck  has  filled  a  long-felt  want  with  this  garden  diary. 
The  introduction  is  full  of  the  most  helpful  suggestions,  the  fruit  of 
years  of  practical  experience. 

There  follows  a  calendar  with  directions  for  work  in  the  garden  for 
each  day.   A  blank  page  for  notes  is  left  at  the  end  of  each  month. 

Receipts  for  soil  preparations,  f ertihzers,  and  insecticides  are  given 
and  numbered  for  reference  with  the  preceding  text. 

The  whole  book  is  practical  and  helpful.  We  all  owe  a  debt  of 
gratitude  to  our  fellow  member  for  having  produced  it. 

The  Bulletin  will  gladly  take  orders  for  this  book  which  both 
fellowship  and  interest  should  lead  us  to  make  a  part  of  our  library. 

A  Book  of  Sundials,  published  by  T.  N.  Fouhs,  London.  Price,  $1.75. 

This  Httle  book  is  very  charmingly  done.  The  reading  matter  by 
Launcelot  Cross  is  dehghtful  and  the  thirty-six  drawings  of  some 
famous  Sundials  by  Warrington  Hogg  are  very  lovely. 

There  are  also  eight  illustrations  in  color.  The  latter  half  of  the 
book  is  devoted  to  mottoes,  some  three  hundred  in  number. 

G.  S.  W. 

Those  who  are  not  members  of  the  American  Rose  Society,  miss 
the  privilege  of  having  the  "American  Rose  Annual'^  in  their  Ubraries. 
These  books  have  been  issued  each  year  (there  are  now  four,  and  one 
coming),  and  they  include  much  valuable  information  on  roses  and 
many  interesting  articles  by  the  foremost  rosarians  of  this  country. 
The  illustrations  are  beautiful,  and  the  volumes  are  substantially 
bound. 

Back  numbers  may  be  bought  by  members  through  the  secretary, 
Mr.  E.  A.  White,  Ithaca,  New  York,  at  two  dollars  each.  The  first 
issue,  that  of  191 6,  will  soon  be  out  of  print.  H.  M.  S. 


40 


Departments 


The  Garden  Club  of  America's  List  of  Nurseries  and  Seedsmen 

(Subject  to  addition  and  revision.) 

Nurseries 

Reasoner  Brothers,  Royal  Pa!m  Nurseries,  Oneco,  Florida.     Palms,  Shrubs,  Trees,  Vines  and  Plants 

suitable  for  planting  in  Florida  or  in  Cool  Greenhouses  in  the  North. 
Julius  Roehrs ,  Rutherford,  New  Jersey.    Popular  Catalogue  of  Stock  Divided  by  Tens.    (For  the 

wholly  ignorant  beginner.) 

Seedsmen 

S.  F.  Stokes  &  Co.,  Moorestown,  New  Jersey.      (Unusually  good  Catalogue) 


Chester  Jay  Hunt 
Little  Falls,  New  Jersey. 


Bulb  Specialists 

John  Scheepers 

2  Stone  Street, 

New  York. 


A.  T.  Boddington  Co. 

1 28  Chambers  Street, 

New  York. 


(All  the  larger  Seedsmen  carry  bulbs  and  send  out  special  bulb  catalogues.     It  is  more  important 
than  ever  to  order  bulbs  early  for  September  delivery  because  of  the  shortage  caused  by  the  Quarantine.) 

We  have  been  asked  the  name  of  the  large  perennial  Scarlet 
Ground  Cherry  that  is  dried  for  winter  decorations.  It  is  Physalis 
Franchetti.  An  easily  grown,  satisfactory  plant  which  is  Hsted  by  most 
of  our  Nurserymen.  It  is  better  to  get  the  plants  if  the  pods  are  wanted 
for  this  Christmas,  but  it  is  also  easily  grown  from  seeds  which  if  sown 
out  of  doors  in  May  will  bear  their  " Chinese  Lanterns"  the  following 
year. 

Our  members  are.  reahzing  the  decorative  qualities  of  the  Hybrid 
MuUeins,  or  Verbascums,  which  are  used  so  much  in  England.  Sutton 
carries  the  seed  which  germinates  easily  and  the  young  plants  are 
simple  to  raise,  needing  only  a  sunny  well-drained  spot  and  plenty  of 
room  to  spread.  The  Wolcott  Nurseries,  Jackson,  Michigan,  have 
ten  choice  varieties  of  which  A.  M.  Burnie  and  Miss  Wilmott  are 
especially  beautiful. 

Mulleins  should  be  used  as  exclamation  points  at  the  end  of  a 
border  or  in  isolated  groups  against  a  wall  or  a  group  of  cedars;  but 
seldom  dotted  around  in  a  mixed  border  as  they  are  very  tall,  con- 
spicuous and  need  thoughtful  placing.  Their  large  velvety  leaves 
of  a  beautiful  shade  of  grey  are  very  telUng  planted  in  front  of  Climax 
Michaelmas  Daisies, 

We  have  had  some  queries  about  the  six  most  useful  varieties 
of  Aconite  or  Monkshood.  All  are  of  easy  culture  near  the  sea  or  in 
any  sandy  soil.  The  earhest  blue  variety  is  the  old  Napellus,  ob- 
tainable everywhere.  Its  dull  grey-purplish-blue  flowers  open  towards 
the  end  of  June.  There  is  a  whitish  variety  also.  The  pale  yellow 
Aconitum  Lycoctunum  blooms  about  this  time  and  is  good  with  the 
darkest  larkspurs. 

Neither  of  the  above  are  as  valuable  as  the  dark  purple  branching 
variety  called  "Spark's"  which  blooms  the  latter  part  of  Juty,  just 


The 

Garden 

Miscellany 


Physali 


Verbascums 


Aconites 


41 


Cinerarias 


Excursions 


when  dark  purple  perennials  are  much  needed  in  the  border.  It 
attains  the  height  of  five  to  six  feet  after  it  gets  well  established. 

Aconitum  Autumnale  is  the  old-fashioned  September  blooming 
kind.  It  is  very  like  Napellus  and  seldom  more  than  three  feet  high. 
It  has  also  a  greenish  white  variety  which  is  rather  poor. 

Aconitum  Fischeri  is  a  large-flowered,  semi-dwarf  variety.  It 
comes  late  in  September.  Its  pale  greyish-blue  blossoms  are  larger 
than  any  others.  It  is  fine  planted  with  Gladiolus  America.  Aconitum 
Wilsoni  is  the  latest  variety  to  bloom.  It  was  brought  from  China  by 
Professor  Wilson  and  is  a  great  favorite  in  the  gardens  that  are  not 
threatened  by  early  frosts.  It  is  Ksted  as  the  only  Aconite  that  is 
permissable  in  the  Blue  Border  as  all  the  others  have  a  decided  tinge 
of  warm  purple.   It  often  reaches  six  feet. 

All  Aconites  prefer  a  semi- shaded  position  although  they  grow 
well  in  the  open  border  if  they  have  plenty  of  moisture.  They  are 
listed  as  shade  lovers  and  therefore  are  often  given  the  worst  position 
in  the  garden  overhung  by  shrubs  or  starved  by  tree  roots,  but  when 
given  proper  situation  they  are  simply  stunning. 

Those  of  us  who  are  fortunate  enough  to  be  able  to  attend  the 
Annual  Meeting  in  June  will  see  Aconites  in  perfection  in  the  delect- 
able Httle  garden  at  "Villa  Latomia." 

The  fact  that  Aconite  roots  are  deadly  poison  to  eat  has  kept 
many  people  from  using  this  valuable  plant.  One  never  eats  one's 
Holly-hock  roots  which  look  exactly  like  Horse-radish,  nor  chews 
DigitaUs  stalks,  nor  munches  poppy  seed,  all  of  which  would  make  one 
deathly  sick;  therefore,  why  would  even  a  child  be  hkely  to  make  a 
meal  of  these  queer  Httle  roundish  roots?  I  ask  you ! 

The  great  admiration  expressed  for  the  exquisite  colors  of  the 
hybrid  Star  Cinerarias  at  the  New  York  Flower  Show,  has  brought 
us  a  number  of  queries  about  the  possibility  of  using  these  ideal  plants 
in  our  Spring  borders.  We  have  taken  up  the  question  with  various 
growers  and  are  sorry  to  have  to  report  that  it  is  not  possible  to  use 
them  out-of-doors  in  this  chmate  even  with  the  help  of  the  green- 
house. I  have  seen  them  growing  luxuriantly  out  under  the  Live  Oak 
trees  in  a  garden  in  Santa  Barbara  where  they  seeded  themselves 
year  after  year  but  their  silvery-blue-grey  clouds  are  not  for  us  except 
as  greenhouse  pets.  Sutton  makes  a  specialty  of  the  seed  of  these 
Star  Cinerarias  in  separate  colors  thus  protecting  the  unwary  pur- 
chaser from  those  screaming  magentas  and  violent  ultramarines  which 
have  kept  us  from  realizing  what  this  gem  of  winter  flowers  can  be. 

For  those  who  are  near  New  York  City  in  these  spring  months  we 
suggest  an  excursion  to  the  Bronx  Botanical  Garden  in  April,  when  the 
spring  bulbs  planted  by  Scheepers  are  at  their  height  and  again  when 
the  Weeping  Cherries  are  in  bloom  (about  the  middle  of  May). 


42 


Mr.  Chester  Jay  Hunt,  at  Madison,  N.  J.,  makes  us  all  very  wel- 
come at  Narcissus  time  (April  15  th  to  20th)  and  again  at  Tulip  time 
(May  15th  to  30th).  It  is  a  very  easy  trip  by  train  or  motor. 

Mr.  T.  A,  Havermeyer's  Lilac  gardens  near  Roslyn,  Long  Island, 
are  open  to  members  of  our  Club.  The  celebrated  Lilacs  of  Rochester 
are  at  their  height  in  early  June. 

But  it  is  my  heart's  great  desire  that  every  one  of  our  2750  mem- 
bers will  visit  their  nearest  Iris  nurseries  during  May  and  study  this 
most  ethereal  flower  as  they  have  never  studied  it  before.  Those 
lucky  enough  to  be  near  Philadelphia,  on  June  ist,  can  see  Iris  in  its 
glory  at  the  First  Annual  Iris  Show  in  the  Wanamaker  Auditorium. 
We  are  hoping  that  our  club  members  will  be  among  the  prize  winners; 
although  the  Iris  Aristocracy  wiU  be  out  in  full  regalia. 

Chesterton  somewhere  remarks  on  the  strange  vagaries  of  "  Family  The  Incom- 
Life."  He  asks  who  could  be  a  more  utter  stranger  to  you  than  your  jjotany  ^^  '^ 
maiden  Aunt,  or  who  so  temperamentally  opposite  than  your  cousins. 
He  must  have  been  thinking  of  the  Ranunculus  Family.  It  has  always 
bewldered  me  to  be  assured  that  a  Thalictrum  is  a  first  cousin  to  a 
Buttercup;  or  a  Monkshood  to  an  Anemone  or  a  Clematis  to  a  Colimi- 
bine  and  all  six  of  them  nieces  of  Love-in-a-Mist !  They  neither  look 
ahke,  act  alike,  nor  have  they  a  taste  in  common.  They  are  a  bit 
acrid  to  be  sure,  although  they  seem  to  be  more  or  less  cut  up  about 
their  leaving,  but  they  all  have  their  pistils  distinct  and  unconnected 
and  ready  for  a  family  feud.  But  wouldn't  you  hate  to  have  to  Hve 
in  a  family  just  because  you  happened  to  be  Anatropous,  which 
seems  to  mean  "inverted  and  straight  with  your  Mycrophyle  next 
your  hilHum  and  your  radicle  consequently  inferior"? 

Anna  Oilman  Hell. 

The  following  article,  reprinted  in  part  from   "Horticulture,"  Plant 
sounds  so  promising,  that  it  would  be  well  worth  while  to  try  a  few  Material 
plants  of  the  St.  Martin  berry,   I  have  looked  through  a  dozen  cata- 
logues for  it,  in  vain,  but  still  hope  I  can  get  it  somewhere. 

"At  recent  exhibitions  in  Boston  visitors  have  been  greatly  inter-  |*-  Martin 
ested  in  a  remarkable  new  strawberry  exhibited  in  bottles  by  Mr. 
Lewis  Graton,  of  Whitman,  a  strawberry  grower  of  long  experience. 
It  is  with  pleasure  that  I  learn  of  Mr.  Graton's  intention  to  put  this 
strawberry  on  the  market  this  season,  for  it  seems  to  me  that  it  has 
great  possibiHties.  Mr.  Graton,  himself,  is  not  an  extensive  commercial 
grower,  but  has  spent  many  j^ears  in  perfecting  this  particular  variety, 
hoping  to  make  it  the  finest  strawberry  on  the  market. 

The  large  berries  are  a  dark,  rich  red  clear  to  the  center,  and  are 
without  green  tips.  The  flavor  is  delicious,  just  the  flavor  looked  for 
in  a  high  class  strawberry. 

43 


Sixteen  St.  Martins  have  filled  a  quart  basket,  and  it  holds  its 
large  size  to  the  last  picking.  Fourteen  berries  have  heaped  a  pint 
basket  at  the  twenty-fourth  picking  of  the  season.  It  is  excellent  for 
canning,  and  it  retains  its  high  quahties  in  the  jar. 

It  has  a  perfect  blossom,  and  it  makes  an  abundance  of  long,  strong 
runners.  One  plant  set  in  April  had  fifty  well-rooted  plants  on  Novem- 
ber first  of  the  same  year. 

This  great  strawberry  was  not  developed  by  strictly  scientific 
processes  of  pollenization,  but  is  the  result  of  a  seed  sown  with  some 
others  at  Trumansburg,  N.  Y.,  in  1909.  The  seeds  were  taken  from 
well-ripened,  typical  specimens  of  the  following  varieties:  Brandy- 
wine,  Ridgeway,  Miller,  Glen  Mary,  Commonwealth,  and  New  York. 
The  resultant  seedHngs  were  gradually  cut  down  to  the  one  that  is  now 
the  St.  Martin. 

The  original  work  on  the  St.  Martin  was  done  in  New  York  state, 
but  some  years  ago  Mr.  Graton  moved  to  Massachusetts,  bringing  the 
plants  with  him.  In  19 19,  it  received  the  silver  medal  at  the  Straw- 
berry Exhibition  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society. 

Altogether  eleven  years  have  been  required  to  bring  the  new  berry 
to  a  point  where  it  would  be  put  on  the  market,  and  it  seems  to  me  that 
the  faithful,  conscientious  application  which  Mr.  Graton  has  given 
the  task,  entitles  him  to  the  reward  which  he  now  seems  likely  to  re- 
ceive." 
Propagating  One  fears  that  some  of  the  best  of  the  old  Double  Rockets  will 
the  ^o^^l®  soon  be  things  of  the  past.  That  lovely  old  flower,  the  Double  Scotch 
White  Rocket — greatly  superior  to  the  Double  French  Rocket — is 
becoming  very  scarce.  To  secure  a  stock  it  is  necessary  to  cut  down 
the  plants  without  allowing  them  to  flower  until  a  fair  number  is  ob- 
tained. If  the  plant  is  allowed  to  flower,  it  is  difficult  to  obtain  any 
offsets;  only  very  few  are  produced  under  specially  favorable  condi- 
tions, and  sometimes  none  at  all.  If  the  flower  spikes  are  cut  soon  after 
they  are  seen,  offsets  or  cuttings  will  form.  These  should  be  taken  off 
and  put  into  sandy  soil  and  covered  with  a  hand-hght  or  frame.  A 
dozen  or  more  plants  of  the  Double  Scotch  Rocket  will  form  a  de- 
lightful feature  of  a  border  in  summer;  the  pure  white  flowers  are 
fragrant.  S.  A.  M.,  Popular  Gardening. 

"Fillers"  It  is  only  as  the  tuHps  fade  that  we  acutely  realize  the  gaps  that 
the  winter  has  made  in  our  borders,  gaps  that  few  annuals  can  fill,  for 
so  few  of  them  have  the  foliage  beauty  of  the  lost  perennials.  In  one 
of  Miss  Jekyll's  books  she  suggests  ruthlessly  chopping  off  the  heads 
of  such  perennial  seedlings  as  escape  the  eye  of  the  gardener  during 
one  season,  a,nd  confront  him  the  next,  sturdy  and  unashamed,  in 
the  very  front  of  the  border  when  they  should  be  in  the  back.    The 

44 


idea  delighted  me,  a^d  not  content  with  seedHngs,  I  fill  gaps  ever>-- 
where  in  the  border  with  small  plants  of  Boltonia,  preferably  latis- 
quama;  Michaelmas  Daisies,  named  varieties,  and  our  own  beautiful 
wild  Asters,  which  grow  in  almost  endless  shades  of  violet  and  mauve 
on  our  beloved  Skokie.  There  is  one  in  particular  of  which  I  am  very 
fond,  an  almost  pure  white  aster  with  flowers  as  small  as  the  florists' 
Stevia,  and  so  many,  that  when  cut  back  and  used  in  the  front  of  the 
border,  it  has  almost  the  efl'ect  of  a  belated  Gypsophila.  Many  Campa- 
nulas can  be  cut  back  successfully,  as  can  all  the  beautiful  Helem'ums, 
but  of  the  latter,  beware,  for  there  are  few  borders  that  can  happily 
assimilate  their  strong  colors.  I  have  not  tried  perennial  Phlox,  but 
I  have  often  seen  a  stalk  bloom  near  the  ground  when  it  was  ac- 
cidentally broken  off,  so  I  think  it  could  be  used  in  clumps,  cut  low, 
in  the  front  of  the  border.  And  what  a  lovely  \'ista  such  a  planting 
opens!  How  enchantingly  we  could  arrange  the  soft  mauves  and 
pinks,  with  the  wonder-purples  of  the  new  French  Phloxes.  Why  have 
I  never  tried  it?  Perhaps  because  I  have  never  truly  loved  Phlox. 
It  has  always  seemed  to  be  just  the  wrong  height  to  be  so  flat,  and  so 
thick.  Of  course  I  recognize  all  its  virtues,  that  it  blooms  in  August, 
that  it  does  not  need  staking,  that  it  increases  with  almost  too  great 
abandon;  and  yet  it  leaves  me  cold.  I  have  seen  a  Phlox  border  that 
was  beautiful,  and  I  have  seen  a  first  year's  planting  that  was  a  joy, 
but  when  Phlox  becomes  estabHshed  in  a  mixed  border,  there  is 
almost  always  too  much  of  it;  it  has  what  I  can  only  describe  as  a 
"quality  of  thickness"  that  I  do  not  like.  It  is  the  vice  of  its  very 
virtues. 

So  many  of  the  perennials  can  be  bought  in  pots  nowadays,  that 
one  has  the  embarrassment  of  choice.  Buddleya  can  be  potted  in 
larger  sized  pots  when  received  from  the  nursery  the  last  of  April,  the 
pots  sunk  in  the  ground,  and  if  planted  in  the  border  on  a  cloudy 
day,  or  at  evening,  and  shaded  for  several  days,  can  be  set  out  as 
late  as  the  middle  of  June.  Thalictrum  glaucum,  and  Thalictrum 
dipterocarpum  also  come  in  pots,  and  though  I  have  never  tried  to  hold 
them  late  in  the  season,  can  be  used  till  the  middle  of  May  for  filhng 
gaps. 

For  fiUing  in  the  Rose  Garden,  three  new  roses  are  especially  New  Roses 
recommended,  and  as  they  come  in  pots,  they  can  be  planted  at  any 
time  in  the  spring.  Columbia,  of  a  most  luscious  shade  of  "Raspberry 
Ice-cream  pink"  blooms  well  in  the  garden,  and  far  into  the  autmnn. 
The  stems  are  long,  the  flowers  and  buds  of  lovely  form.  The  fohage 
is  very  dark  and  thick,  and  for  so  high-bred  a  rose,  it  is  unusually  free 
from  all  pests.  Do  look  at  the  picture  of  it  in  Dreer's  catalogue,  and 
I  am  sure  you  will  succtmib  I  Premier,  fragrant,  long-stemmed,  healthy 
thornless,  a  beautiful  pink,  and  unusually  free  flowering, — what  more 

45 


could  one  ask  of  a  rose?  The  third  is  Mrs.  John  Cook,  a  descendant  of 
Ophelia.  I  do  not  know  it,  but  I  have  read  great  things  in  its  praise: 
that  it  is  more  beautiful  than  its  parent,  more  robust,  more  prolific 
in  the  garden,  and  more  fragrant.  It  certainly  sounds  promising. 

Louise  S.  Hubbard. 


Garden 

Pests 

and 

Remedies 


Lilacs  and 

Their 

Troubles 


Lilacs  are  particularly  easy  to  grow  and  for  this  reason  are  usually 
neglected  and  left  to  take  care  of  themselves. 

They  appreciate  a  deeply  cultivated  and  well-manured  soil.  They 
thrive  in  plenty  of  air  and  sunlight  and  resent  being  wedged  in  by 
evergreens  in  crowded  shrubbery. 

When  lilacs  fail  to  bloom  it  is  frequently  due  to  the  wood  not 
having  ripened,  owing  to  the  overcrowding  of  the  growth. 

The  pruning  of  Klacs  is  simple.  It  consists  of  cutting,  away  the 
old  flower  heads  and  thinning  out  the  weak  shoots  as  soon  as  the 
flowering  season  is  over. 

The  suckers  constantly  thrown  up  by  lilacs  should  be  grubbed 
up  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  Choice  varieties  are  frequently  grafted 
on  common  stock,  and  if  the  suckers  are  allowed  to  grow,  they  will 
soon  over-run  the  weaker  graft. 

From  The  Garden. 


Special  Plant 
Societies 


American  Carnation  Society 

A.  F.  J.  Bauer,  Sec'y,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Chrysanthemum  Society  of  America 

C.  W.  Johnson,  Sec'y,  2242  W.  logth  St., 

Chicago,  III. 

American  Dahlia  Society 

E.  C.  Vick,  Sec'y,  203  Elmwood  Ave., 

Newark,  N.  J. 

National  Dahlia  Society 

R.  W.  Gill,  Sec'y,  Portland,  Oregon 

California  Dahlia  Society 

JV.  F.  Vanderbilt,  Sec'y.,  725  Fifth  St., 

San  Rafael,  Cal. 

Southern  Dahlia  Society 

W.  E.  Claftin,  Secy,  College  Park,  Md. 


American  Gladolius  Society 
A.  C.  Seals,  Sec'y,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
American  Iris  Society 
R.  S.  Sturtevant,  Sec'y,  Wellesley  Farms,  Mass. 
American  Peony  Society 
A.  P.  Saunders,  Sec'y.,  Clinton,  N.  Y. 
Northwestern  Peony  and  Iris  Society 
W .  F.  Christman,  Sec'y,  3804  Fifth  Ave. 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 
American  Rose  Sooety 
Prof.  E.  A.  White,  Sec'y,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
American  Sweet  Pea  Society 
William  Gray,  Sec'y,  Bellevue,  Rd. 
Newport,  R.  I. 


Preliminary  arrangements  are  being  made  for  exhibitions  of  both 

the  Peony  and  Iris  this  Spring. 

Northwestern         The  Iris  is  grown  extensively  in  the  Northwest  and  especially  at 

Peony  and  points  tributary  to  the  Twin  Cities  of  MinneapoHs  and  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

s  bociety  rj^YiQ  Ins  Show  will  be  held  in  MinneapoHs  and  a  special  Peony  Show 

is  being  arranged  for  St.  Paul.   Definite  dates  have  not  as  yet  been 

announced. 

Many  new  varieties  of  both  Peony  and  Iris  will  appear  at  these 
Shows,  and  a  report  of  them  will  be  found  in  the  Bulletin  of  The 
Garden  Club  and  in  the  American's  Peony  Society's  "Bulletin." 

An  article  on  "Some  of  the  Newer  Peonies"  has  been  prepared  by 
the  writer,  and  will  be  presented  in  the  May  issue  of  the  "Flower 

46 


Grower."  This  article  contains  a  list  of  the  new  varieties  and  a 
number  that  are  not  as  generally  known  as  they  should  be;  and  many 
of  the  finest  peonies  originated  in  this  country  in  recent  years  will 
be  found  therein. 

The  Northwestern  Peony  and  Iris  Society  has  only  been  in  exist- 
ence a  few  years,  but  has  been  exceedingly  active  in  creating  an  in- 
terest in  those  flowers.  Its  members  are  scattered  over  fifteen  states 
and  additions  are  constantly  being  made  to  its  membership  roll. 

The  Prehminary  Schedule  for  the  Eastern  Show  of  the  American  Iris  Society 
Iris  Society  is  in  our  hands.    As  it  is  subject  to  change,  all  persons 
intending  to  exhibit  should  notify  the  Secretary,  Mr.  R.  S.  Sturte- 
vant,  Wellesley  Farms  95,  Mass.,  in  order  to  receive  the  Official 
Schedule  giving  all  details  which  will  be  ready  May  15th. 

The  Show  will  be  held  in  University  Hall,  Wanamaker's  Store, 
Philadelphia,  June  ist  and  2d,  1920  (date  subject  to  change). 

Lack  of  space  permits  but  a  glimpse  of  the  attractions  offered  to 
exhibitors.  The  classes  will  be  divided  into  four  Groups.  Groups  i  and 
2  are  open  to  any  exhibitor.  Group  3  is  open  only  to  amateurs,  and 
Group  4  is  open  to  members  of  Garden  Clubs  only.  The  Hst  of  prizes, 
contains  medals  of  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society,  money, 
ribbons  and  plants  of  rare  Iris,  well  worth  trying  for  if  interest  in 
Iris  were  not  a  sufficient  incentive. 

It  is  earnestly  hoped  that  Garden  Club  members  will  exhibit. 
There  is  a  Group  especially  for  them,  though  they  may  also  exhibit 
in  Group  i.  This  courtesy  on  the  part  of  the  officials  of  the  American 
Iris  Society  should  receive  an  enthusiastic  response.  And  it  is  urged 
that  there  be  many  exhibits  from  and  a  large  attendance  of  Garden 
Club  of  America  members. 

Always  cut  twice  as  many,  if  possible,  as  you  expect  to  use,  select-  Suggestions 
ing  stalks  on  which  buds  are  in  different  stages  of  development;  cut  H^^Kng*of  Iris 
late  in  the  afternoon  before  the  Show  and  keep  in  water  in  a  cool,  dark  for  Exhibition 
place. 

For  long  distances  the  stalks  may  be  transported  in  shallow  boxes, 
packed  in  tissue  paper  with  moist  cotton  around  the  ends  of  the 
stems.   Opening  buds  may  be  tied  with  soft  wool. 

Full-blown  flowers  cannot  be  carried  in  this  way,  and  it  should  be 
remembered  that  Iris  cut  in  bud  invariably  open  smaller  and  often 
paler  in  color,  and  so  do  not  truly  represent  the  variety. 

A  moderate  number  of  full-blown  flowers  can  be  packed  in  boxes 
8x12x48  inches,  with  strips  of  cotton  cloth  run  through  the  sides  at 
various  distances,  each  stalk  being  laid  in  separately  and  the  cloth 
strip  pinned  on  each  side  of  the  stalk  so  there  should  be  no  chance  of 
slipping. 

The  American  Iris  Society  asks  those  who  have  handled  these 

47 


fragile  flowers  to  give  its  members  the  benefit  of  their  experience,  so 
that  the  safest  methods  of  packing  and  transportation  may  reach  the 
greatest  number. 

Woman^s  National  Farm  and  Garden  Association 

The  Conference  of  the  Mid-west  Branch  of  the  Association 
whose  offices  are  at  1730  Stevens  Building,  Chicago,  was  held  in 
Chicago  at  the  Fortnightly  Rooms  in  the  Fine  Arts  Building,  on 
Monday  and  Tuesday,  March  2 2d  and  23d.  The  programme  allotted 
a  day  each  to  gardening  and  to  farming  with  important  lectures  in 
addition — Old  New  England  Gardens,  Mr.  Loring  Underwood  of 
Boston;  and  Edible  and  Poisonous  Mushrooms,  Dr.  W.  A.  Murrill  of 
the  New  York  Botanical  Gardens.  These  were  illustrated  with  colored 
slides.  Among  the  speakers  on  the  two  days'  programme  were  Mrs. 
Francis  King  on  Lilacs  and  Other  Spring  Flowers;  Mrs.- Bertram  J. 
Kahn  on  Flower  Arrangement;  and  papers  on  Succession  of  Bloom, 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Harnwell,  and  Small  Gardens,  Mrs.  W.  R.  Corlett.  These 
with  the  two  lectures,  filled  the  first  day. 

Mrs.  Charles  W.  Hubbard  led  off  the  second  days'  subjects  with 
A  Short  Talk  on  Asparagus;  Mr.  W.  J.  Kittle  spoke  on  The  National 
Board  of  Farm  Organizations,  dwelling  particularly  on  the  question  of 
Milk  Production  and  price;  Mr.  Clement  S.  Houghton  of  Boston,  took 
the  place  of  the  President  of  the  Association's  New  England  Branch, 
Mrs.  George  U.  Crocker,  in  describing  the  great  activity  of  that 
Branch  in  direct  marketing  and  in  other  ways;  and  The  Future  of  the 
Mid-West  Branch  was  discussed  by  Mrs.  Bertram  W.  Rosenstone, 
one  of  the  staunchest  supporters  of  the  Branch  from  its  beginning.  That 
evening  Miss  Lena  May  McCauley  spoke  on  Gardening  of  the  Com- 
munity, and  the  general  agricultural  situation  was  set  forth  by  an 
authority  on  soils  and  fertilizers.  Professor  Rand. 

Mrs.  Russell  Tyson,  President  of  the  Mid- West  Branch,  and  Mrs. 
Francis  King,  presided  over  the  sessions  which  were  attended  by  very 
large  and  interested  groups;  discussion  was  free  and  fruitful,  and  the 
Conference  brought  seventy-four  new  members  into  the  Branch,  of 
which,  it  is  timely  as  well  as  pleasant  to  add,  Mrs,  Frank  0.  Lowden 
is  Honorary  President. 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  National  Association  will  be  held  at 
the  New  York  Botanical  Gardens,  Bronx  Park,  New  York  City,  on 
Tuesday,  May  25th;  business  and  the  annual  elections  will  take  up  the 
morning,  luncheon  will  be  served  at  the  Lorillard  Mansion,  and  after 
one  or  two  fine  speakers  on  farming  and  gardening  have  been  heard, 
guides  will  direct  the  members  and  their  guests  through  the  Gardens 
which  should  be  in  full  Spring  beauty.  All  interested  are  warmly  in- 
vited to  this  meeting. 

48 


Garden  Club  News 

Spring  Meeting  of  The  Garden  Club  of  America 
March  17, 1920 

The  Spring  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  was  held 
at  the  Colony  Club,  at  a  quarter  past  ten,  March  17,  1920.  Thirty- 
five  Clubs  answered  to  the  roll-call. 

The  President,  Mrs.  J.  WiUis  Martin  opened  the  meeting  with  a 
few  words  of  welcome  to  the  members  present,  and  addressed  a 
special  welcome  to  the  representatives  of  the  Clubs  admitted  since 
the  last  meeting. 

On  motion  duly  carried  the  reading  of  the  Minutes  was  omitted. 

The  Treasurer  read  her  report  which  was  accepted  and  placed  on 
file.  The  reading  of  the  Treasurer's  report  showed  that  though  with 
one  exception  the  Member  Clubs  of  the  G-Arjdex  Club  of  America 
had  accepted  the  additional  amount  of  $1.50  per  member  as  an 
additional  due  to  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  twenty-one  of  the 
Clubs  had  failed  to  remit  this  amount  to  the  Treasurer.  It  was  sug- 
gested that  the  Treasurer  send  out  notices  calling  attention  to  this 
fact. 

Upon  recommendation  of  the  Executive  Committee  the  following 
Clubs: 

The  James  River  Garden  Club,  Virginia. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Middletown,  Connecticut. 

The  Summit  Garden  Club,  New  Jersey. 

The  Wilmington  Garden  Club,  Delaware,  were  presented  for 
election  to  membership  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  Upon 
motion  duly  made  and  carried  the  Secretary  was  empowered  to  cast 
the  ballot  for  the  election  of  those  Clubs,  and  their  election  was  an- 
nounced by  the  President. 

The  question  of  the  Emily  D.  Renwick  Merit  Medal  was  dis- 
cussed. Appreciation  was  expressed  for  the  inspiration  for  indi\ddual 
work  which  the  awarding  of  this  Medal  would  bring  to  the  members 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

It  was  suggested  that  the  President  consult  the  Short  HiUs  Garden 
Club,  which  has  so  generously  given  this  medal,  in  regard  to  a  Commit- 
tee of  Award. 

Mrs.  Francis  King  was  asked  to  give  a  report  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Medal  of  Honorary  Award.  This  cormnittee  was  appointed  in 
1916  and  has  so  far  collected  $1140.00,  lea^dng  a  balance  of  $360  yet 
to  be  collected. 

Mrs.  King  asked  for  contributions  to  this  fund,  as  it  is  hoped  to 
have  the  medal  presented  at  the  Annual  Meeting  in  June.  Upon 
motion  of  Mrs.  William  A.  Hutcheson,  Somerset  Hills  Garden  Club, 

49 


seconded,  and  duly  carried,  it  was  decided  that  the  first  Medal  should 
be  presented  to  Professor  Charles  S.  Sargent,  of  the  Arnold  Arbor- 
etum. 
Bill  Board  The  president  called  for  a  report  of  the  Billboard  Committee. 
Resolution  Mrs.  King  reported  upon  the  results  which  followed  the  sending  of 
the  resolutions,  adopted  in  December,  1919,  upon  the  "Billboard 
Advertising  Campaign  of  the  Society  of  American  Florists." 

The  resolutions  were  as  follows :  Whereas,  The  Society  of  American 
Florists,  John  Young,  Secretary,  1170  Broadway,  New  York  City,  has 
begun  an  advertising  campaign  with  billboards  twenty  feet  long  by 
seven  high,  bearing  the  slogan  "Say  it  with  Flowers"  to  be  placed  in 
conspicuous  places  over  this  country,  and;  Whereas,  Eighty-seven 
of  these  billboards  have  already  been  ordered  and  the  society  is  urging 
all  its  members  to  buy  and  set  them  up  over  America;  Resolved,  That 
the  Garden  Club  or  America,  which,  through  a  common  interest  in 
flowers,  is  one  of  the  florists  best  friends,  stands  firmly  against  this 
misguided  movement  to  deface  our  landscape  and  disfigure  the 
streets  of  our  towns  and  cities,  and  hereby  respectfully  protests  against 
that  movement;  Also  resolved,  That  a  copy  of  this  resolution  be  sent  to 
Mr.  Young  and  to  every  Member  Club  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  with  a  request  that  each  Club  take  action  in  this  matter 
and  forward  a  similar  protest  to  Mr.  Young,  Secretary  of  the  Society 
of  American  Florists. 

It  is  understood  that  these  resolutions  never  reached  the  Society 
of  American  Florists,  as  a  body,  and  the  Secretary  expressed  the  view 
that  the  Resolutions  represented  the  action  of  a  small  number  of  people, 
not  representative  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

The  President  called  upon  Doctor  Partridge  to  speak  to  this 
subject. 
Dr.  Partridge's         Doctor  Partridge  spoke  as  follows:    "The  Resolution  adopted 
Address  at  the  December  meeting  expresses  a  feehng  which  exists  throughout 
the  country  against  a  growing  offense, 

"  Undistorted  scenery  is  an  asset  to  which  the  traveling  public  is 
entitled,  in  view  of  large  taxes  paid  annually  for  expensive  construc- 
tion and  maintenance  of  ftoir  highways. 

"For  the  State,  or  Federal  Government  to  spend  large  amounts 
of  money  for  the  purpose  of  creating  beautiful  parks,  and  reservations, 
and  wonderful  highways,  affording  scenic  effects,  and  then  to  permit 
these  approaches  to  be  disfigured  by  innumerable,  commercial  and 
unattractive  signs,  offending  taste  by  size,  color  and  crudeness,  seems 
to  be,  on  its  face,  a  very  poor  business  proceeding. 

"Advertisers  follow  a  lead  in  this  kind  of  highway  advertising, 
usually  set  by  those  who  place  and  profit  by  the  erection  of  these  signs. 
They  do  this  without  knowledge  of  the  value  to  them.    There  is  no 

SO 


way  of  testing  the  advantage  to  the  trade  which  the  signs  are  sup- 
posed to  benefit. 

"State  regulation  would  be  generally  approved,  and  the  pohce  t 

power  of  the  State  may  be  properly  invoked  to  regulate  or  abolish  an 
offense  under  which  highway,  river,  lake  and  railway  scenery  suffiers. 

"Information  for  the  benefit  of  the  traveler  is  proper.  Let  this 
be  given  upon  signs,  advantageously  placed  upon  approach  to  city 
or  village,  limited  as  to  size  and  character. 

"Some  one  must  move  in  this  matter.  I  believe  that  general 
approval  will  follow,  with  assistance  from  many  directions. 

"Under  the  circumstances,  as  related,  in  view  of  apparent  doubt 
regarding  the  strength  of  opinion  on  the  part  of  the  Gaeden  Club 
OE  America,  I  offer  the  following:  "Resolved,  That  the  Garden  Club 
OF  America,  at  this,  its  Spring  Meeting  of  1920,  reaffirms  the  resolu- 
tion adopted  in  December,  19 19." 

With  a  comment  upon  the  travesty  of  having  flowers  presented  to  Important 
the  public  in  such  a  manner,  the  resolution  was  unanimously  carried. 

It  was  further  moved  and  unanimously  carried  that  the  resolution 
and  the  fact  of  its  reiteration  be  sent  by  each  Member  Club,  to  the 
Officers,  Directors  and  members  of  the  Publicity  Committee  of  the 
Society  of  American  Florists.  For  this  purpose,  copies  of  the  Resolu- 
tion and  a  letter  to  accompany  it  are  in  preparation  and  will  be  sent  to 
the  Member  Clubs  to  be  signed  and  forwarded. 

Mrs.  Stephen  V.  R.  Crosby,  President  of  the  North  Shore  Garden  Plans  for 
Club,  was  asked  to  speak  about  the  arrangements  for  the  Annual  °""^  ^^  "^^ 
Meeting.  Mrs.  Crosby  expressed  the  welcome  of  her  Club  to  the  large 
attendance  which  her  Club  expected  to  be  present  at  the  Annual 
Meeting.  She.  outHned  in  general  the  plans  which  will  be  definitely 
presented  in  the  Bulletin,  and  made  an  especial  point  of  promptness 
of  reply  on  the  part  of  those  who  expected  to  attend  the  meeting. 

The  matter  of  Daylight  Saving  was  discussed,  and  upon  motion, 
duly  made  and  carried,  it  was  decided  that  Mrs.  King  draw  up  a 
resolution,  which  should  be  forwarded  to  the  proper  authorities  by  the 
Secretary. 

Mrs.  Martin  announced  the  appointment  of  the  following  com-  Committee 
mittees:  Appomtments 

The  Committee  to  co-operate  with  the  Massachusetts  Horticul- 
tural Society  in  the  discussion  of  Quarantine  No.  37: 

Mrs.  Edward  Harding,  Member  at  large. 

Mr.  Frederick  Newbold,  Garden  Club  of  Orange  and  Dutches; 
Counties. 

Mr.  Richard  Saltonstall,  President  of  the  Chestnut  Hill  Garden 
Society. 
The  Committee  on  the  Revision  of  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws: 

51 


Mrs.  William  Pierson  Hamilton,  Chairman,  Garden  Club  of 
Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  President  of  the  Philipstown  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Horatio  Gates  Lloyd,  Garden  Club  of  Montgomery  and 
Delaware  Counties. 

Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt,  North  Country  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Hugh  D.  Auchincloss,  Garden  Association  in  Newport. 
The  Nominating  Committee: 

Mrs,  Benjamin  Fairchild,  Chairman,  Garden  Club  of  Orange 
and  Dutchess  Counties. 

Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage,  Litchfield  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Benjamin  Warren,  Garden  Club  of  Michigan. 
The  business  meeting  having  been  concluded,  the  President  in- 
troduced Mr.  J.  Edward  Moon,  President  of  the  American  Association 
of  Nurserymen,  who  presented  the  aims  and  progress  of  his  Association. 
At  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Moon's  speech,  Mrs.  Stewart,  President 
of  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  presented  the  following  Resolution: 

Quarantine  37  RESOLVED: — ^That  the  Garden  Club  of  America  appoint  a 
Resolution  committee  whose  chairman  shall  attend  the  Meeting  called  by  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society  to  discuss  the  action  taken  by  the 
Federal  Horticultural  Board  and  known  as  Quarantine  No.  37.  That 
said  Committee  be  instructed  to  report  that  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  deplores  and  disapproves  of  Quarantine  No.  37  in  its  present 
form  and  will  enthusiastically  cooperate  with  the  Massachusetts 
Horticultural  Society  and  other  organizations  represented,  in  any 
effort  to  mitigate  the  conditions  imposed  by  the  action  under  dis- 
cussion. That  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society  be  immediate- 
ly informed  of  the  desire  and  intention  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  to  so  cooperate. 

which  was  seconded  by  Dr.  Partridge,  President  of  the  Garden  Club 
of  Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties  and  was  duly  carried.  The  members 
of  the  committee  appointed  are  named  above. 

Mr.  William  N.  Craig,  of  the  National  Association  of  Gardeners 
next  spoke  on  "The  Point  of  View  of  the  Professional  Gardener,"  and 
upon  co-operation  between  the  gardener  and  the  employer. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Craig's  speech,  the  meeting  adjourned  for 
luncheon.  After  luncheon  Mr.  John  C.  Wister,  President  of  the  Iris 
Society  spoke  on  the  "Present  Conditions  in  the  Nurseries  of  France 
and  England." 

At  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Wister's  speech,  on  motion  the  Club 
adjourned,  and  a  large  proportion  of  those  present  attended  the 
Flower  Show  at  the  Grand  Central  Palace. 

Harriet  Pratt,  Secretary. 

52 


At  the  19 18  Dahlia  ShoAv  of  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  Mrs. 
Charles  H.  Stout  won  the  silver  medal  of  the  American  Dahlia  Society 
for  the  best  new  DahHa  originated  by  the  exhibitor.  This  DahKa  was 
then  named  "Emily  D.  Renmck,"  after  the  late  President  of  the 
Short  Hills  Garden  Club. 

In  1919,  the  entire  stock  was  bought  from  Mrs.  Stout.  She  donated 
the  money  to  the  club  as  a  nucleus  for  a  fund  to  perpetuate  Mrs. 
Renwick's  name  in  a  fitting  manner. 

The  Short  Hills  Garden  Club  has  now  presented  to  the  G.\rden 
Club  of  America  a  medal  known  as  the  "  Emily  D.  Renwick  Achieve- 
ment Medal."  It  is  to  be  awarded  annually  to  a  member  of  the 
Garden  Club  or  America  for  the  best  achievement  in  gardening,  or 
pertaining  to  gardening,  during  the  current  year. 

The  medal  is  now  ready  and  will  be  awarded  for  the  first  time  at 
the  Annual  Meeting.  Mrs.  Martin  has  appointed  a  committee  to 
arrange  details  and  settle  the  method  of  award: 

Since  the  Spring  Meeting  many  contributions  have  been  made  to 
the  Medal  Fund  and  the  financial  goal  almost  reached.  Mr.  John 
Flanagan,  whose  design  was  accepted  before  the  War,  interrupted  the 
consummation  of  our  plan,  has  been  asked  to  complete  his  work  in  time 
for  the  Annual  Meeting  on  June  29th. 

The  names,  with  Presidents,  of  the  four  new  Clubs  elected  to 
membership  in  the  G.arden  Club  of  America  at  the  Spring  Meeting, 
follow: 

James  River  Garden  Club. 
President — Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Wheelwright,  Buckhead  Spring, 
Chesterfield  County,  Virginia. 
G.ARDEN  Club  of  Middletown. 
President— Mx^.  Robert  H.  Fife,  287  High  St.,  Middletown, 
Connecticut. 
Summit  Garden  Club. 
President — Mrs.  John  R.  Todd,  West  Riding,  Summit,  New 
Jersey. 
Wilmington  Garden  Club. 

President — Mrs.  W.  K.  Dupont,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 


"Emily  D.  Ren- 
wick Achieve- 
ment Medal" 


Medal  of  Hon- 
orary Award 


New  Club 
Members 


News  and  Views 

"Fellow  Members  of  the  G.^rden  Club  of  America,  Ladies,  and 
a  very  few  Gentlemen: 

The  representation  of  the  "Big  Four,"  of  the  various  States  of  the 
Union,  containing,  as  it  now  does,  the  frequent  membership  and 
presence  of  women,  seems  some  justification  for  the  presence  of  a 

S2> 


"mere  man"  to  meet  you,  and,  in  the  name  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties,  of  the  State  of  New  York,  to  introduce 
to  you  another  "mere  man." 

With  apology,  I  might  add  that,  early  in  history,  we  are  told  of  the 
presence  of  a  man  in  the  Garden  of  Eden. 

However,  in  spite  of  this  seeming  confusion,  as  President  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties,  I  most  cordially  wel- 
come you. 

Our  Club  is  proud  to  have  opportunity  to  extend  to  this  dis- 
tinguished gathering,  the  privilege  and  pleasure  of  listening  to  Mr. 
Wilson,  and  that  I  should  be  the  one  to  represent  our  Club  is,  to  me, 
a  happy  accident. 

Through  the  gift  of  $100,000  by  the  will  of  James  Arnold,  of  New 
Bedford,  in  1868,  the  Arnold  Arboretum  was  made  possible.  I  am 
told  on  good.  New  Bedford  authority,  that  a  woman,  namely,  Mrs. 
James  Arnold,  greatly  encouraged,  and  probably  suggested,  the 
Arboretum  idea.  The  love  for,  and  devotion  to  their  gardens,  on  the 
part  of  Mrs.  Arnold  and  her  sister,  led  to  the  interest  of  the  men, — 
the  latter  were  busy  earning  the  means  to  make  gardens.  Toujours  la 
Femme ! 

The  Arnold  Arboretum  has  a  wonderful  history,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Professor  Charles  S.  Sargent,  since  1872,  nearly  fifty  years 
ago, — and  upon  Professor  Sargent  honors  have  justly  fallen  from  every 
part  of  the  world.  How  Professor  Sargent  has  regarded  Mr.  Wilson  is 
well  known.  He  has  expressed  the  belief  that,  upon  certain  subjects, 
Mr.  Wilson  knows  more  than  does  any  other  person  in  the  world. 
From  Mr.  Wilson's  words  will  come  inspiration. 

I  have  told  you  something  about  the  Arboretum  and  Mr.  Wilson. 
Now,  I  wish  to  inform  him  somewhat  about  the  Garden  Club  of 
America. 

As  an  humble  member,  without  the  prejudice  of  holding  office,  I 
have  observed,  with  great  satisfaction,  its  development  into  an  im- 
portant Organization,  differing  from  many  National  organizations 
in  that  it  has  proceeded  in  its  development  in  an  even,  balanced 
manner.  It  has  not  attempted  to  be  •uUra-scientific,  nor  has  the  social 
side  entered  unduly. 

Its  members  are  truly  harmonious, — exhibit  an  esprit-de-corps, — 
and,  as  a  body,  it  affords  a  good  illustration  of  what  a  National 
Society  can  be. 

New  England  is  very  jealous  of  prestige.  Those  of  us  who  are 
of  New  England  descent  take  great  pride  in  the  fact.  We  were  once 
shaken  by  the  remark  of  a  witty  man  of  New  York,  who  said  that  the 
"best  thing  out  of  Boston  was  the  five  o'clock  train." 

We  will  agree  that  the  best  thing  out  of  Boston  was  the  five 

54 


o'clock  train,  yesterday,  which  brought  to  us  Mr.  Wilson!   I  present 
Mr.  Wilson." 

The  foregoing  was  the  delightful  introduction  to  a  delightful 
entertainment  offered  by  the  Garden  Club  of  Orange  and  Dutchess 
Counties  to  the  Member  Clubs  of  the  Garden  Club  or  America. 
The  meeting  took  place  in  the  ballroom  of  the  Colony  Club,  New  York, 
on  March  19th.  A  large  and  enthusiastic  audience  listened  to  Mr. 
E.  H.  Wilson's  interesting  illustrated  talk  on  "The  Flowers  and 
Gardens  of  Japan."  Fortunately  many  distant  members  who  were  in 
New  York  for  the  Spring  Meeting  were  able  to  stay  over  for  this  well- 
timed,  enjoyable  and  generously  hospitable  occasion. 

You  may  be  interested  to  know  that  the  "  Nine  of  Spades  "  was  the  The  "Nine 

of  Soades" 
original  name  of  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  many  years  ago,  when         ^ 

only  nine  women  formed  it  and  worked  in  their  own  gardens. 

A  dozen  members  of  Easthampton  and  the  Lenox  Garden  Clubs,  ^^''l'^^  ™  Prac- 
have  been  taking  a  course  in  practical  gardening  at  the  New  York 
Botanical  Gardens,  Bronx  Park.  They  have  been  mixing  soils, 
planting  seeds  in  flats,  thinning,  transplanting,  budding  and  pruning. 
They  were  especially  interested  in  the  work  of  budding  roses  on  stock 
and  hope  to  use  their  acquired  knowledge  in  their  own  gardens  this 
summer.  They  had  two  demonstrations  of  cross  fertilization  and 
hybridization  and  were  shown  the  intricacies  of  keeping  the  records 
of  these  crosses. 

Indeed  they  were  so  fired  with  a  desire  to  hybridize  that  their 
friends  are  apprehensive  of  the  results;  but,  as  out  of  100  cross  fer- 
tilizations only  one  or  two  ever  show  any  great  variation  from  the 
parents  and  even  then  it  takes  two  years  before  5^ou  are  sure  of  the 
strain,  the  Horticultural  world  need  not  be  terribly  agitated  over 
the  advent  of  a  strange  and  weird  new  flora,  the  plants  are  much  more 
apt  to  "revert  to  type." 

From  Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.   President  of  the  Short  Hills  Gar-   Suggestion 
1      y-,1   ,  1      r  n      •  ,  •  for  a  Summer 

den  Club  comes  the  lollowmg  suggestion: 

There  may  possibly  be  hostesses  who,  when  they  are  notified  that 
they  are  to  have  such  a  meeting,  might  be  at  a  loss  for  an  entertain- 
ment. In  these  days  when  so  much  is  written  and  said  about  flower 
arrangement,  the  following  plan  might  be  amusing  as  well  as  in- 
structive. 

The  hostess  should  gather  flowers  and  foKage,  both  cultivated 
and  wild,  putting  them  in  many  containers  so  they  may  be  easily 
handled — each  member  to  provide  her  own  receptacle  and,  before 
those  present,  make  an  artistic  arrangement  from  the  flowers  pro- 
vided. Of  course  the  advice  and  criticism  of  a  professional  would  be 
very  advantageous,  but  plenty  of  amusement  may  result  and  much 
may  be  learned  from  the  friendly  jeers  or  plaudits  of  the  company. 

55 


Bulletin  Correspondence 

Dear  Mrs.  Brewster: — I  now  send  the  fourth  article  for  the  Gar- 
den Club  of  America  and  a  diagram,  and  hope  it  may  be  as  you  like. 
I  am  very  grateful  to  you  for  so  kindly  sending  the  copies  of  the 
Bulletins  containing  the  former  articles.  I  should  like  to  tell  you 
how  well  got  up  I  think  the  Bulletin  is,  and  how  full  of  useful,  helpful 
matter.  Also  the  decision  to  avoid  advertisements  gives  the  whole 
thing  a  higher  and  better  tone.  This  also  enables  correspondents,  when 
they  find  reason  to  praise  the  work  or  produce  of  any  firm,  to  do  so 
without  hesitation — a  thing  we  cannot  do  in  our  advertisement-loaded 
journals. 

I  am  much  interested  by  your  note  at  the  end  of  my  January 
article,  but  there  is  one  which  needs  further  explanation,  and  I  am 
sorry  that  I  did  not  make  it  clear.  The  Purple  Sage  of  my  spring 
garden  is  not  Salvia  Solaria,  but- the  common  sage  of  the  herb  garden 
S.  officinalis,  the  same  plant  whose  leaves  we  use  for  flavouring 
sausages  and  stuffing  for  goose,  only  with  purplish  leaves.  I  am  a 
little  doubtful  whether  it  would  come  true  from  seed,  even  if  seed 
could  be  obtained,  but  I  must  leave  some  for  seed  this  year  and  try 
it.  In  a  general  way  it  is  not  encouraged  to  flower  as  it  is  grown  for 
the  colour  of  the  leaves. 

Yours  very  sincerely, 

(Signed)  Gertrude  Jekyll. 

The  member  who  forwards  this  letter  asks  for  comment  and 
enUghtenment.    Certainly  we  are  all  victims  of  this  "superstition." 

My  dear  Madam: — ^The  superstition  about  August  planting  of 
Lilium  Candidum  about  which  you  write  in  your  recent  letter  is  very 
prevalent,  and  held  by  many  otherwise  expert  gardeners.  In  the 
face  of  this  superstition,  it  is  our  practice  to  plant  every  year  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  thousand  of  these  bulbs  on  November  ist.  These 
bulbs  are  grown  for  the  wholesale  cut  flower  market.  With  us  this 
November  planting  of  Lilium  Candidum  is  a  cold-blooded  business 
proposition.  We  do  it  to  make  money,  and  the  fact  that  we  con- 
tinue to  plant  in  November  is,  we  think,  sufficient  expression  of  our 
opinion  on  this  subject. 

Very  truly  yours, 
Rhea  F.  Elliot,  Elliott  Nursery. 

Dear  Madam: — I  have  read  your  Bulletin  with  such  pleasure, 
as  evidencing  the  real  interest  now  being  taken  in  all  that  appertains 
to  horticulture  in  America.    May  I  point  out  that  the  Purple  Sage 

56 


that  K.  L.  B.  takes  to  be  Sahaa  Sclarea  is  a  very  different  plant.  It  is 
merely  a  form  of  the  old  Sage,  growing  about  six  inches  high,  with 
leaves  of  a  tender  "bloomy  "  purple  turning  off  to  grey,  with  the  young 
shoots  of  deHcious  creamy  pink.  I  am  now  using  it  as  a  carpet  to  a 
grouping  of  pink  Fyrus-Malus,  pink  Tamarick,  red-purple  Japanese 
maples,  and  your  dainty  "CaKco"  bush.  Its  flowers  are  insignificant, 
and  oh,  pinch  off!  The  variety  of  "Salvia  Sclarea^'  alluded  to  sounds 
like  a  child  of  mine  which  made  such  a  sensation  at  Olympia  where  I 
showed  it,  and  of  which  I  sent  seeds  to  your  Vice-President.  The  seeds 
came  originally  from  the  Vatican  garden,  and  it  is  a  much  more 
beautiful  thing  than  Salvia  Sclarea  as  generally  seen.  With  me  it  will 
grow  five  feet  high  mth  rosy  bracts  and  pale  blue  tubular  flowers, 
the  pink  and  blue  together  giving  a  dehcious  mauve  effect.  One  great 
advantage  is  that  after  the  first  flush  of  beauty  is  over,  the  bracts 
take  on  a  silvery  hue  and  remain  good  looking  for  many  weeks.  It 
is  supposed  to  be  a  descendant  of  the  old  English  "  Clary"  from  which 
a  wine  beloved  of  cottagers  was  brewed,  and  it  has  a  pungent  and 
aromatic  scent. 

It  may  interest  your  readers  to  hear  that  it  has  now  been  proved 
thatapow^der  has  more  power  over  rust  on  Hollyhocks  than  any  spray. 
This  powder  can  be  obtained  from  Mr.  Vert,  the  Hollyhock  raiser, 
Saffron  Walden,  Essex.  He  has  the  most  glorious  varieties  including 
the  great  fig-leaved  Hollyhocks  with  single  flowers,  and  that  needs 
to  be  planted  six  feet  away  from  one  another.  You  may  have  noticed 
that  Hollyhocks  near  a  dusty  country  road  flourish  in  any  cottager's 
garden,  while  they  fair  even  vnth  the  most  tender  "nourishing"'  in 
the  big  gardens  close  by. 

Pray  forgive  this  long  screed.  I  have  such  delightful  memories 
of  some  of  the  garden  clubs  where  I  gave  talks, — Lenox,  Short  HiUs, 
Southampton,  Lake  Forest  and  others,  that  I  feel  I  am  talking  to 
many  old  friends. 

I  was  so  grieved  to  learn  through  the  "Bulletin"  of  the  death 
of  Mrs.  Renwick.  She  had  been  so  busy  experimenting  with  dahlias 
when  I  last  heard  from  her.  She  is  a  great  loss  to  all  flower  friends. 
I  fear  when  I  come  over  again,  which  I  hope  to  do  next  autumn,  that  I 
shall  find  many  blanks,  as  I  hear  my  kind  friend  Mrs.  Boardman  has 
passed  on  also.  They  would  have  loved  a  little  garden  I  am  now  mak- 
ing, formal,  in  shape  of  a  diamond,  grass  walls,  beds  laid  with  lavender 
both  sides  and  filled  with  weeping  trees  of  pink  Roses  and  Madonna 
LiUies  and  all  around  Hollyhocks  in  mauve  and  sulphur  yellow,  and 
pale  pink  and  purple  masses  of  them  against  a  background  of  dark 
and  shining  Rhododendrons  of  great  height,  and  carpeted  with  that 
lovely  Nepeta,  a  Catmint,  of  mauve  and  silvery  grey.  The  nurseryman 
will  teU  you  that  it  does  not  seed,  but  it  used  to  sow  itself  in  gravelly 

57 


soil  with  me  in  Berkshire,  and  as  it  grows  both  at  Newport  and 
BrookHne  it  should  be  obtainable  in  America. 

Yours  faithfully, 

Alice  Martineau, 
Broom  Hall,  Sunningdale,  Berkshire,  England. 

As  a  new  member  and  as  a  professional,  the  Editor  of  the  Bulletin 
has  very  considerately  given  me  space  to  say  a  few  words  to  the 
Garden  Club  of  America. 

What  a  joy  it  is  to  turn  again  with  clear  consciences  to  the  pleas- 
ures of  the  great  outdoors.  I  say  this  guardedly,  with  the  demoraliza- 
tion of  War  Conditions  still  hanging  over  us — the  lack  of  trained 
gardeners,  the  high  cost  of  labor  and  the  scarcity  of  plant  material, 
but,  if  we  are  forward  looking,  as  all  good  gardeners  are,  we  will  over- 
look these  immediate  discouragements  in  the  path  of  our  ultimate 
achievements. 

Certainly  few  individual  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  or  individual  Clubs  could  be  accused  of  lack  of  appreciation 
of  gardens  and  especially  of  flowers,  and  you  are  by  your  interest 
rendering  fine  service  and  by  so  doing  raising  the  standard  of  horti- 
culture. The  old  rule  of  supply  and  demand  works  unerringly,  and  if 
you  insist  (as  the  English  do) ,  in  having  the  best  varieties  of  plants 
for  your  gardens,  you  will  get  them.  It  will  then  become  worth  while 
for  the  nurserymen  to  offer  stock  for  which  there  is  real  and  permanent 
demand.  They  may  begin  by  growing  the  simple  things  themselves, 
or  if  this  is  economically  impossible,  insist  on  raising  the  embargo  on 
importation,  so  wdth  the  united  demand  of  garden  lovers  and  plant 
growers  Quarantine  No.  37  may  before  long  disappear  into  the  Umbo 
reserved  for  mistaken  poHtical  measures. 

All  your  efforts  for  better  flower  growing  are  well  worth  while, 
but  beyond  the  high  wall  of  your  gardens  proper,  lies  a  wide  field 
that  is  in  need  of  just  such  interest  and  good  work  as  you  have  been 
doing  within. 

Many  Garden  Club  members  are  so  keen  about  flowers  and  have 
so  concentrated  upon  them  that  they  do  not  realize  they  are  but  a 
part  of  all  the  fine  plant  material  we  have  to  draw  from.  Few  also 
realize  the  wonderful  variety  of  our  native  trees  and  shrubs,  unsur- 
passed by  any  country  in  the  World.  As  we  go  to  Europe  for  our 
flower  novelties  so  Europe  comes  to  us  for  the  interest  and  variety 
and  beauty  of  our  native  plants. 

Flowers,  exquisite  as  they  are,  are  but  finishing  touches  to  our 
pictures,  we  must  first  consider  the  framework  and  learn  to  use  our 
materials  outdoors  as  we  would  indoors,  before  beginning  the  furnish- 
ing of  a  house.    To  do  this  we  want  to  develop  our  senses  of  ob- 

58 


servation  and  of  beauty.  Nature  is  endlessly  and  untiringly  present- 
ing wonderful  landscape  and  gardening  compositions  to  our  unseeing 
eyes.  She  is  always  trying  to  teach  us  the  value  of  bigness,  unity  and 
simplicity  of  effect  in  her  own  large  scale,  which  lessons,  if  we  have 
but  wit  to  see,  we  can  follow  in  principle  and  reduce  in  scale  for  our 
own  home  grounds.  Our  gardens  or  grounds,  be  they  formal  or  in- 
formal are  but  a  part  of  a  whole  scheme,  and  that  scheme  is  our  special 
bit  of  land,  its  special  opportunity  for  original  development. 

May  I  speak  as  a  Landscape  Architect?  We  want  you,  who  are  our 
friends  and  often  our  cHents,  to  appreciate  our  aims  and  to  help  us  by 
your  appreciation,  to  carry  out  our  ideals.  We  want  you  to  work  with 
us  in  the  making  of  more  lovely  gardens,  the  laying  out  of  Country 
Places,  big  or  Httle,  and  of  suburban  plots  or  even  tiny  back  yards. 
The  planning  of  City  Parks,  Play  Grounds  and  of  Cemeteries.  We 
want  your  interest  and  cooperation  for  the  preservation  of  fine  woods, 
groups  of  trees  and  other  natural  scenery  as  well  as  for  the  proper 
choosing  and  placing  of  War  Memorials  and  other  activities  incidental 
to  community  life. 

Here  is  an  opportunity  for  co-operation  between  the  Garden  Clubs, 
the  Landscape  Architects  and  the  Local  Village  Improvement  Societies 
which  should  open  up  all  sorts  of  possibiHties  in  the  future  for  achieve- 
ments of  real  value  and  real  beauty.  Can't  we  get  together  for  some 
constructive  work? 

Mariax  C.  Coffin. 
Fellow  Am.  Society  of  Landscape  Architects. 
12  Upper  Berkeley  Street,  W.  I. 

Arnold  Arboretum  Calendar 

DATES   OF   FIRST  FLOWERS   OR  BEST  FLOWERING   I'ERIOD 

First  fis.  Prunus  nigra;  April  30,  1896;  May  i,  1S99;  May  2,  1900; 

May  6,  1914;  May  8,  1916;  April  28,  1919. 
First  fis.  Prunus  aAdnum;  April  25,  1897;  May  9,  1901;  May  4,  1904. 
First  fls.  Prunus  pendula;  April  25, 1897;  April  30, 1898;  April  29,  1900. 
First  fis.  Prunus  sa.chalinensis;  April  3,  1898;  May  7,  1901;  i\pril  21, 

1902;  May  4,  1904;  April  7,  1910;  April  29,  1911;  May  i,  1914; 

May  II,  1917;  April  27,  1918;  April  23,  1919. 

Prunus  sachahnensis  in  about  best  bloom  April  30,  19 19. 
Peach  trees  in  about  best  and  fullest  bloom  May  4,  1919. 
Malus  baccata  (at  Motleys)  JNIay  3,  1897;  May  2,  1899;   May   i, 

1902. 
First  fls.  Malus  sylvestris  (Baldwin)  May  10,  1897;  May  14,  1898; 

May  9,  1899;  May  13,  1900;  May  21,  1901;  May  6,  1902; 

May  9,  1905;  May  18,  1907;  May  12,  1912. 

59 


Apple  trees  generally  in  best  bloom  May  i8,  1919,  some  passing. 
Pears  in  about  best  bloom  May  9,  1919. 
Syringia  vulgaris  (at  best)  May  22,  1897;  May  23,  1914. 
Forsythia  (at  about  best)  May  9,  1901;  April  22,  1902. 
Kalmia  latifolia,  about  best  bloom  June  16,  1919. 


Spring  Calendar  of  the  Rochester  Parks 

Collection  of  Lilacs  containing  310  varieties  and  species  in  good 
bloom  about  May  25th. 

Crab-apples  begin  to  blossom  about  May  2otli  and  the  different 
species  and  varieties  maintain  a  very  good  show  until  about  the 
first  week  in  June. 

Azaleas  probably  in  good  bloom  about  June  ist.  They  have  not 
been  injured  by  the  winter  but  the  Rhodendrons  look  badly  o^ving  to 
two  severe  winters,  this  year  and  two  years  ago. 

The  large  collection  of  Peonies  will  be  in  good  condition  from 
June  15th  to  20th. 


The  Garden  Club  of  America's  List  of  Lecturers 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Frederick  L.  Rhodes,  Librarian 

(Subject  to  Addition  and  Revision) 

Miss  Ltlian  C.  Alderson.   69  Lake  Avenue,  Greenwich,  Connecticut. 

Garden  Outlines  and  Their  Values.  (Lantern  slides  of  Italian  Gardens).  Plant  Propagation.  Bulbs, 
Indoors  and  Out.  Color  in  the  Garden.  Iris.  An  Amateur's  Greenlwuse.  Flowering  Shrubs.  Enemies 
and  Diseases  of  Plants.  What  Women  are  Doing  in  Horticulture.  The  Fruit  Garden.  iRoses.  The 
Herbaceous  Border.  How  to  Make  a  Rock  Garden.  Sweet  Peas.  Annuals  and  Biennials.  The  Possibil- 
ities of  a  Small  Garden.    (Lectures  illustrated  by  flowers.)    (Specimens  and  practical  demonstration.) 

$2s.oo  and  expenses  for  a  single  lecture. 
Mr.  F.  W.  Besley,  M.  F.  D.  Sc,  Sis  Calvert  Bldg.  Baltimore,  Maryland. 

General  Forestry  and  Forest  Protection.  Forestry  in  Maryland.  Roadside  Tree  Planting  and  Memorial 
Tree  Planting.   Black  and  white,  also  colored  lantern  slides  with  all  lectures. 

Only  traveling  expenses  in  Maryland.    $25.00  and  expenses  outside  of  Maryland. 
Mrs.  S.  a.  Brown.    155  We^t  58th  Street,  New  York  City. 

Color  Planting  and  Correct  Color  Nomenclature.  Attractive  Weeds.  Herbs— .A  Garden  of  Enchantment. 
Herbs  used  in  "Seasoning  and  in  Medicine"  in  "Magic  Romance"  and  Jor  "  Sweets"  for  "Beautifying 
the  Body  as  Well  as  Satisfying  the  Senses."  Ways  and  Means  of  Amateur  Exhibitions.  (Club  organiza- 
tions and  suggestion  for  Flower  Shows.)  When  the  East  and  ]^  est  Meet  in  the  Arrangement  of  Flowers. 
(Japanese  arrangement.) 

Personality  in  the  Garden  (with  the  planting  lists  for  the  following  gardens  "Betwixt  Thee  and  Me." 
A  Boundary  line).  A  Wayside  Inn  {for  the  winter  birds).  ''April  Showers  and  September  Dews"  (for 
spring  and  fall  effects).  Italian  Days  and  Cloudless  Skies"  (.4  garden  of  light  and  sitadows).  The  Under- 
ground World  (soil  and  the  preservation  of  nature's  humus).   Judging  for  Flower  Shows,  etc. 

$25.00.     Prefers  to  lecture  in  vicinity. 

Mr.  J.  Wilkinson  Eluot,  Magee  Building,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania. 

Gardens  at  Home  and  Abroad.    i;o  black  and  white,  75  colored  lantern  slides. 

$25.00  and  travelling  expenses. 
Mr.  Bertrand  H.  Farr,  Wyomissing,  Pennsylvania. 

Peonies,  Irises.    Black  and  white  also  colored  lantern  slides  with  each  lecture.     Traveling  and  hotel 
expenses  only. 
Mrs.  Beatrix  Farrand,  21  East  nth  Street,  New  York  City. 

Problems  in  Garden  Design  (lantern  slides).  Rock  and  Wall  Gardens.  Design  and  Composition  in 
Gardening. 

Immediate  vicinity  $75.00  and  expenses.    250  miles  or  more  special  arrangement. 
Mr.  John  K.  M.  L.  Farquhar,  6  South  Market  Street,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Lessons  from  Gardens  Abroad  on  Construction  and  Planting.  New  Hardy  Plants  for  American 
Gardens.  Hardy  Lilies  and  Other  Bulbous  and  Tuberous  Plants.  Lantern  slides,  also  colored  slides  with  all 
lectures.    Traveling  expenses  only. 

60 


Miss  ADGUsxmE  Haughton,  Paoli,  Pa.,  and  1624  Pine  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Songs  appropriate  to  a  Garden  Club  meeting.   Singing  atid  explaining  a  programme  of  songs. 

Immediate  vicinity  %2S.oo  and  e.xpeoies.     250  miles,  $50.00  and  e.xpenses.    500  miles,  $100.00 
and  expenses. 
Mr.  Herbert  K.  Job,  2qi  Main  Street,  West  Haven,  Connecticut. 

"Wild  Bird  Life."  "Knowing  Our  Wild  Birds.  '  "The  C/iarm  and  Value  of  Wild  Birds."  "How 
to  Attract  and  Propagate  Birds."    Colored  slides,  motion  pictures,  or  both. 

$2s.oo  and  expenses.    (Represents  the  National  Association  of  Audobon  Societies.) 
Mr.  Charies  E.  Hunn,  Landscape  Art  Dep't,  X.  Y.  State  College  of  Agriculture.   Ithaca,  New  York. 

Propagation  and  Care  of  Shrubbery,  (also  material  for  demonstration  and  numercnis  lantern  slides.) 

$25.00  and  expenses. 
Mr.  Furman  L.  Mulford.  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Beautifying  the  Farmstead.  Beautifying  Home  Grounds,  Street  Trees.  National  Rose  Test  Garden, 
Roses  for  the  Home.  Annual  Flowering  Plants.  (Many  black  and  white,  also  colored  slides  with  all  lec- 
tures.) 

Expenses  only  when  possible  to  go. 
Miss  Rose  Standish  Nichols.  55  Mount  Vernon  Street,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

The  Rise  of  Gardens,  etc.  Garden  Design.  Gardens  from  a  Practical  and  Aesthetic  Standpoint. 
Color  in  the  Garden.  English,  French  and  Italian  Gardens.  How  to  Group  Annuals  and  Perennials. 
(Black  and  white,  also  colored  lantern  slides  with  each  lecture.)  Miss  Nichols  will  adapt  her  lectures  to  the 
requirements  of  any  club. 

S50.00  and  expenses. 
Mr.  T.  Gilbert  Pearson,  1974  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

Bird  Lift  in  the  Garden.  Life  in  tlu:.  Nest.  The  Fight  for  American  Bird  Protection,  Bringing  Birds 
to  the  Home.    (All  lectures  illustrated,  when  desired,  with  colored  slides,^  or  moving  pictures  or  both.) 

Immediate  vicinity  S25.00,  250  miles,  S30  and  expenses.   500  miles,  S50  and  expenses. 
Miss  Elsa  Rehuan,  Landscape  .\rchitect.  492  Mount  Prospect  Avenue,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Color  and  Succession  of  Bloom  in  the  Garden  (with  lantern  slides).  The  Small  Place  (with  lantern 
slides).   Special  lectures  prepared  upon  request. 

Immediate  vicinity  $25.00.  250  miles  S50.00. 
Mr.  Thomas  B.  Symons,  Department  of  Agriculture.   College  Park,  Maryland. 

Food  Production,  tite  Relation  Between  the  Producer  and  Consumer.   Present  Status  of  Agricultural 
Production  in  Relation  to  Consumption.   Extension  activities  in  Maryland. 
Miss  Rosalie  E.  ZiMMERitAX,  1340  Pacific  Street,  Brooklyn  N.  Y. 

On  Famous  Gardens  (colored  slides.)   American  Gardens.   Practical  Talks. 

Immediate  vicinity  $25.00.  250  miles  $40.00.  500  miles  S50.00.  The  lectures  can  be  on  French, 
Italian,  English  and  American  Gardens,  singly  or  on  the  most  notable  of  all  countries. 

Practical  Talks  include  suggestions  on  landscape  gardening  and  the  planting  of  trees,  shrubs  and 
vegetables. 
Mrs.  Ch.\rle3  H.  Stout,  Short  Hills,  New  Jersey. 

Dahlias  and  their  Culture.  (Black  and  while  and  colored  slides.) 

$25.00  and  expenses.  Fee  goes  to  the  war  charities. 
Mr.  Arthur  Herrington,  Madison,  N.  J. 

Iris,  Lilacs,  Trees,  Evergreen  Trees,  Flowering  Shrubs  and  Trees,  Spring  ^flowering  Bulbs,  (Black  and 
white  lantern  slides,  also  colored  slides  with  all  lectures.) 

250  miles,  $35.00.   500  miles,  $50,00.    Can  furnish  own  lantern  without  cost. 
Mr.  J.  Horace  McF.\rl.-\nd,  ilt.  Pleasant  Press,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania. 

Comman  Trees  and  Their  Uncommon  Flowers.  Flowers  and  Ferns  in  Their  Haunts.  American  Roses 
and  Other  Roses.    (Beauiifully  colored  lantern  slides  with  all  lectures.) 

Immediate  vicinity  §65.00,  250  miles,  $90.00,  500  miles,  $125.00.   Price  does  not  include  lantern 
service.   Must  have  at  least  one  month's  notice. 
Miss  Marluj  C.  CoFFI>f,  Landscape  Architect.   830  Lexington  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

Garden  Harmony  and  Succession  in  Planting  (with  slides).  Gardening  Through  the  Tear,  in  two 
Parts,  Spring  and  Early  Summer — Late  Summer  and  Autumn  (Illustrated.)  The  Country  Place  andils 
Treatment.   Some  Gardening  "Dont's."   Form  and  Color  in  tIte  Garden  (with  slides). 

Immediate  vicinity,  $50,00.  100  miles,  S75.00,  500  miles,  $100.00  or  more,  expenses. 
Mr.  J.  Otto  Thilow,  Secretarj',  Henry  A.  Dreer,  Inc.,  714  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Horticulture  and  Floriculture.  Flowers  from  Snow  to  Snow.  Alpine  Flora  of  the  Canadian  Rockies. 
Life  and  Vegetation  of  Hawaiian  Islands.  Flora  of  Yellowstone  Park.  Bermuda,  Cuba  and  Jamaica.  .4 
Cruise  to  the  South  Sea  Islands.    (Black  and  white,  also  colored  lantern  slides.) 

Expenses  only. 
Mr.  Ernest  N.  Cory,  College  Park,  ISIaryland. 

Insects  Affecting  Flowers  and  Ornamentals.  Insects  of  the  Orchard.  Insects  of  the  Garden.  Beautiful 
and  Interesting  Denizens  of  our  Countryside. 

No  charge  in  Maryland,  $50,00  and  expenses  outside  of  Marj'land. 
Mr.  Richard  Rothe,  Clenside,  Pennsylvania. 

Perennials  and  Perennial  Gardens  (js-100  slides,  mostly  in  color).  Rock  Gardens  (slides  100,  colored 
slides  go).  Specialist  in  Rock  Garden  designing  and  building.  Fascinating  Problems  in  Outdoor  Art 
(so  to  75  slides  in  color). 

Immediate  \'icinity,  $10.00,   Longer  distances  please  correspond  direct  with  Mr.  Rothe. 
Mr.  John  Scheepers,  No,  2  Stone  Street,  New  York  City. 

Tulips.    Narcisses  and  Other  Bulbs.    Lilies.    Iris.     (Colored  slides  with  all  lectures.) 

Immediate  vicinity  $50.00,  250  miles  Sioo.oo.   500  miles,  $150.00.   All  expenses. 
Mr.  Edward  .\vis,  500  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  City,  (Room  402). 

" Birdland"  Lecture  Recital,    (too  lantern  slides.) 

Immediate  vicinity,  $50.00.    250  miles,  $65.00.    500  mile.^,  Sioo.oo.   Program. 

Bird  Mimic,  The  Morning  Concert,  violin  and  bird  songs.  Songs  and  Stories  of  the  Birds.  Twilight 
Hymns.  A  Woodlaiid  Concert.  The  Canary's  Song.  .4  Meadow  Trio.  The  Wood  pewee  and  the  "Country 
Church  Organ."  Nocturnal  Sounds.  A  Noonday  Concert.  The  Mocking  Bird.  An  Imaginary  Bird  Trip. 
Vesper  Songs. 

61 


Mr.  Ernest  Harold  Baynes,  Meriden,  New  Hampshire. 

Wild  Birds  and  How  to  Atlracl  Them.  Our  Wild  Animal  Neighbors.  Our  Animal  Allies  in  the  World 
War.    {Lantern  slides,  part  of  them  colored.) 

Immediate  vicinity,  $100.00.    250  miles..  $150.00.    500  miles,  $200.00. 
Miss  Nina  L.  Marsh.^ll,  718  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City.   Tel.  3050  Plaza. 

"The  Flowers  and  Their  Welcome  hisect  Giiesis."  Models.  "Seed  and  Fruit  Travelers,"  (with 
models.)  "The  Story  of  the  Honey  Bee"  (with  model  bee  and  living  bees.  Original  slides  to  illustrate.) 
"Homes  and  Family  Life  of  Bees,  Birds  and  Flowers."  "  The  Story  of  the  Mushrooms  "  {100  slides,  colored 
by  hand  from  original  photographs). 

Immediate  vicinity,  $30.00  and  expenses.   Longer  distances,  write  to  Miss  Marshall. 
Prof.  S.  B.  Sh.aw,  College  Park,  Maryland. 

The  Home  Orchard.  Production  of  Better  Fruit.  Preparation  of  Fruit  for  Market.  (Colored  lantern 
slides,  also  a  motion  picture  film  of  three  reels).  "Apples  and  the  County  Agent'''  (being  used  to  encourage 
the  production  of  better  fruit). 

Only  charge  is  for  traveling  and  subsistence  expenses. 
Mr.  J.  J.  Levisoj-;,  M.  F.,  Sea  Cliff,  Long  Island,  New  York. 

The  Care  and  Planting  of  Trees  on  Private  Estates.  The  Care  and  Planting  of  Trees  on  City  Streets. 
Landscape  Forestry  for  Estates  and  for  Municipalities. 

Immediate  vicinity,  $25.00.  250  miles,  $50.00.  Or  free,  if  necessary. 
Mrs.  Jean  Kane  Fotilke,  Bala  Farm ,  West  Chester,  Pennsylvania. 

The  Garden  versus  the  Farm.   Garden  Wastes  and  Savings.    Your  Garden's  Duty. 

Immediate  vicinity,  $10.00.   250  miles,  $20.00.  500  mUes,  $25.00.  Also  expenses. 
Miss  Letitia  E.  Wright,  Jr.  "Waldheim,"  Logan,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Bees  and  Beekeeping.    (Lantern  slides  can  be  used.) 

Vicinity  $20.00.   250  miles,  S25.00.  And  expenses. 
Mrs.  Wtlliam  A.  Hutcheson  (Martha  Brookes  Brown),  .15  East  .S2nd  Street,  N.  Y.-City.    June  1  to 

October  i,  Gladstone,  N.  J. 

The  Flower  Garden.  (125  lantern  slides.)  Hedges,  Arbors,  Gateways.  (125  lantern  slides.)  Some 
Elements  in  Good  Village  Planting,  (i2S  lantern  slides.) 

\'icinity,  $50.00,  250  miles,  $75.00,  500  miles,  $100.00.   Also  expenses. 
ilR.  Herbert  W.  Fauxkner,  Washington,  Connecticut. 

Mysteries  of  the  Flowers  (with  moving  charts  showing  action  of  Insects.  Slides  and  colored  slides). 
Seeds  Bewitched  (with  moving  charts  showing  act  of  Seed  Dispersal).  After  July  15,  1920,  the  following 
ecture  will  be  ready:  What  Flowers  Know  (with  moving  charts  showing  how  Flowers  show  Intelligence). 

Immediate  vicinity,  $50.00.  250  miles,  $70.00.  500  miles,  $100.00. 
Mr.  Charles  H.  Totty,  Madison,  New  Jersey. 

Any  Horticultural  subject.  No  slides.  Lecture  for  benefit  of  my  customers,  jjtst  for  expenses  of  trip. 
Mr.  Chester  Jay  Hunt,  Little  Falls,  New  Jersey. 

The  Essentials  of  Ottt-door  Bulb  Culture.  The  Essentials  of  In-door  Pulb  Culture.  The  Planting  of 
Tulips  and  the  Selection  of  Varieties.  The  Planting  of  Dajfodils  and  the  Selection  of  VariUies.  The 
Spring  Garden.  Bulbs  for  Exhibition.  The  Romantic  Tulip.  Dafodilmania.  Bloembollenkweekers.  A 
Day  in  my  Trial  Gardens.  No  lantern  slides  with  any  lecture. 

Fee  $20.00  and  expenses. 
Mrs.  B.  Hammond  Tracy,  Cedar  Acres,  Wenham,  Massachusetts. 

Gladioli  (with  lantern  slides;)  in  summer  with  Cut  Blooms). 

Immediate  vicinity,  $25.00,   250  miles,  $35.00,    500  miles,  $5000.    Expenses  also. 
Dr.  Spencer  L.  Dawes,  Room  703,  Hail  of  Records.  Centre  and  Chambers  Streets,  New  York  City. 

The  Doctor's  Garden  (Photographs,  life  size,  of  medicinal  plants  and  flowers.  Lantern  slides  both  black 
and  colored.) 

Vicinity  $25.00,   250  miles,  $50.00,   500  miles,  $50.00  and  expenses. 
Miss  Elizabeth  Leighton  Lee.    Director  School  01  Horticulture,  Ambler,  Pennsylvania. 

The  History  of  Landscape  Gardening.  No  slides.  The  Plan  of  the  Grounds.  Hints  on  planning  and 
planting  the  garden.  (Some  lantern  slides  for  the  above  lecture.)  The  School  of  Horticulture.  Lantern  slides. 
Charge  travelling  expenses  only  for  this  lecture.  Small  Trees  and  Shrubs  Suitable  for  the  Garden.  The 
Design  of  the  Garden. 

Vicinity  $25.00,   250  miles,  $35.00  and  expenses.  500  miles,  $40.00  and  expenses. 
Mr.  George  T.  Powell,  Ghent,  New  York. 

Improvement  of  Trees  and  Plants  through  Bud  Selection.  (This  includes  fruit  trees  and  flowers  also 
garden  vegetables.    This  gives  most  valuable  results.  Charts  are  used  instead  of  slides.) 

Vicinity  $25.00,  250  miles  $35.00,  500  miles  $40.00  and  e.xpenses. 
Miss  Frances  Benjamin  Johnston,  163  Lexington  Avenue,  New  \''ork  City. 

Americafi  Gardens  in  Color,  Gardens  East  and  West.  (150  colored  slides.)  Planning  and  Planting 
Gardens,  (ijo  to  200  slides,  colored,  with  plans.)  Garden  Lore,  Flower  Legend,  (iso  to  200  historical 
slides.) 

Minimum  fee  $75.00  and  expenses.   Will  make  special  terms  where  two  or  more  lectures  can  be 
given  in  nearby  places  about  the  same  date. 
Mr.  a.  P.  Saunders,  Clinton,  New  York. 

Peonies,  (no  slides.) 

Vicinity  $25.00,   250  miles  $25.00,  500  miles  $25.00  and  expenses. 
Mrs.  William  E.  Verplanck,  Mt.  Gulian,  Fishkill-on-Hudson,  New  York.   November  i5tb.  to  May 
— ,  Princeton,  Nev/  Jersey. 

Roses.  Garden  Borders.  Spring  Work  in  the  Flower  Garden.  Plant  Diseases  and  Care  of  Orchards 
Fall  Work  in  the  Flower  Garden.  Spring  Bulbs,  Lilies  and  Summer  Blooming  Bulbs.  Rock  Work,  Rock 
Plants^  Pools  and  Sundials.   Planning  and  Planting  Flower  Gardens. 

Vicinity  .$30.00  and  expenses.    200  to  300  miles  from  N.  Y.,  $35.00  and  expenses. 

Two  talks  for  beginners,  on  Planting  the  Vegetable  and  Flower  Garden  and  Pruning.  $30.00  for 
the  two  lectures. 


62 


Membership  List    of 
The  Garden  Club  of  America 

Giving  Names  and  Addresses  op  Psesidents  for  1919-1920 


ALBEiTAEXE 

Mrs.  Harry  T.  Marshall,  University,  Va. 

Alleghen"y  Couxty 
Mrs.  Henry  Rea,  Sewickley,  Pennsylvania 

Amateur  Gardeners  of  Baltimore 

Miss  Dora  L.  Murdoch,  245  West  Biddle  Street 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Bedford 

Mrs.  Rollin  Saltus,  Mount  Kisco,  New  York 

Chestnt;t    Hill 

Mr.  R.  M.  Saltonstall,  Chestnut  Hill, 

Massachusetts 

ClNCINN.^TI 

Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft,  332Q  ^Morrison  Avenue, 

Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cle\tel.4nd 

Mrs.  John  E.  Newell,  West  Mentor,  Ohio 

Easthautton* 

Mrs.  William  A.  Lockwood,  7S0  Park  Avenue, 

N.  Y.,  and  Easthampton,  L.  I. 

Fauquier  &"  Loudoun 

Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison,  Belvoir  House, 

Eelvoir,  ^'a. 

GREEN"mCH 

Mrs.  Franklin  Edson,  Greenwich,  Conn. 

GREE>f  Spring  \" alley 

Mrs.    William    V.    Elder,    Gljmdon,   Marj'land 

Harford  County 
Sec'y-.  Miss  E.  Rush  Williams,  Bel  Air,  Md. 

Hartford 

Mrs.  Robert  W.  Gray,  ^A'eekapaug,  R.  I.  and 

54  Huntington  Street,  Hartford,  Connecticut 

Illinois 

Mrs.  Horace  H.  Martin,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

J.AilES    RrVER 

Mrs.    Thomas    S.    Wheelwright,    Buckhead 

Spring,  Chesterfield  Co.,  Virginia 

Lake  Geneva 

Mrs.  E.  A.  Potter,  Chicago  Beach  Hotel,  Chicago 

and  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 

Lenox 

Miss  Heloise  Meyer,  Lenox,  Mass. 

Litchfield 


Newport  Garden  Assoclvtion 

Miss  Wetmore,  630  Park  Avenue, 

New  York  City,  and  Newport,  R.  I. 

North    County 

Mrs.  Beekman  Winthrop,   38  E.  37th   Street 

New  York  City  and  Grotoa  Farm,  Westbury,  L.I. 

North     Shore 

Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  95  Beacon  Street, 

Boston,  Mass.,  and  Manchester,  Mass. 

Orange  and  Dutchess  Cottnties 

Dr.   Edward   L.    Partridge,    19   Fifth   Avenue 

New  York  and  Cornwall-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Philadelpkl\ 

Mrs.   Charles  Biddle,  Andalusia,  Pennsylvania 

Philipstown 
Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  45  East  53d  Street, 

New  York  and  Garrison,  New  York 

Princeton 

Mrs.  George  A.  Armour,  Princeton,  New  Jersey 

Ridgefield 

Mrs.  George  Pratt  IngersoU,  Ridgefield,  Conn. 

and  Stamford,  Conn. 

RuilSON 

Mrs.  George  G.  Ward,  Jr..  71  W.  50th  Street 
New  York  and  Seabright,  New  Jersey 

Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton 

Mrs.   Ernest  H.   Dinning,   Ruxton,   Baltimore 

Co.,  Md. 

Rye 

^Irs.  A.  William  Putnam,  Rye,  New  York 

Santa  Barbara 

Mrs.  Edwin  H.  Sa\\-yer.  200  West  Victoria  St. 

Santa  Barbara,  California 

SH.iKER  L.vkes 

Mrs.   James   H.    Rogers,    1920   E.   93d    Street 

Cleveland,    Ohio 

Short  Hills 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

Somerset  Hells 

Mrs.  Francis  G.  Lloyd,   157   East  71st  Street 

New  York  and  Bemardsville,  New  Jersey 

Southampton 

Mrs.  Harry  Pelham  Robbins,  19  East  80th  St. 

New  Y''ork  and  Southampton,  L.  I. 


Bulletin  Information 

Extra  copies  of  the  Bulletin  may  be  had  for  .35  cents  each. 
It  is  found  that  some  copies  of  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin  go  astray.    To  save 
To  Club   time  it  has  been  decided  to  send  to  each  Club  secretary  three  extra  copies  to  be 
Secretaries :  given  to  any  members  of  their  Club  who  fail  to  receive  their  copy.  Please  explain 
Important   this  to  your  Club  at  your  next  meeting. 

When  your  copy  of  the  Bulletin  does  not  reach  you  please  apply  to  the  Secre- 
To  Club    tary  of  your  Club  who  will  have  extra  copies  for  replacing  those  lost  in  the  mail. 
Members         The  editor  would  be  grateful  for  articles  of  from  500  to  2,500  words.     In  the 
Articles  for  November  issue  of  the  Bulletin  a  list  of  subjects  of  particular  interest  to  our  mem- 
Publication   bers  was  printed  and  we  had  hoped  that  contributions  upon  these  and  other  subjects 
would  be  submitted.     We  must,  however,  make  two  stipulations;  that  all  articles  be 
typewritten  and  that  they  reach  us  four  weeks  before  the  issue  for  which  they  are 
intended  goes  to  press. 

In  writing  to  the  Bulletin  please  give  your  full  name  and  address  and  also  the 
name  of  the  Member  Club  to  which  you  belong.  The  Bulletin  file  is  arranged  by 
Clubs  and  unless  all  information  asked  for  above  is  given  confusion  may  arise. 

The  March  issue  of  the  Bulletin  was  erroneously  Number  II  (new  series).  Ob.viously  it  should 
have  been  Number  III  (new  series).    The  editor  is  not  sure  who  should  apologize  for  this  error. 

Board  of  Directors 


(Incomplete) 


Chairman 
MRS.  WALTER   S.   BREWSTER, 

Lake  Forest,  III.,  and  1220  Lake  Shore 
DRfVE,  Chicago 

The  Gardener's  Miscellany 
MRS.  ROBERT  C.  HILL 

EASTHAMPTON,  L.  I.,  AND  960 

Park  Ave.,  New  York 
Plant  Material 
MRS.  CHARLES  W.  HUBBARD 
Winnetka,  III. 


Secretary  (Ex-officid) 
MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT 

Glen  Cove,  L.  I.,  and  820  Fifth 
Ave.,  New  York 

Garden  Literature 
MRS.  WILLIAM  K.  WALLBRIDGE 

Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

Garden  Pests  and  Remedies 
MRS.  BENJAMIN  WARREN 
Grosse  Pointe  Shores,  Mich. 


Special  Plant  Societies 

MRS.  JOHN  A.  STEWART,  JR. 

Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  on  December  ist  it  was  decided  that  mem- 
bers should  be  allowed  to  subscribe  to  the  Bulletin  for  non-members.  This  will 
not  throw  open  our  subscription  list  to  the  public,  but  it  will  make  it  possible  for 
anyone  really  interested  to  receive  the  Bulletin  regularly.  If  you  wish  to  subscribe 
for  some  friend,  or  sponsor  the  subscription  of  some  non-member  you  may  do  so. 

The  subscription  price  is  $1.50.  The  name  and  address  of  the  subscriber  and 
the  member  through  whom  the  subscription  is  sent  should  be  forwarded  to  the 
editor,  together  with  a  check  made  payable  to  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 


Annual  ^l^^pnrtB  nf  iH^mbrr  Clubs 


OF 


Atttprtra 


1921 


ALBEMARLE  GARDEN  CLUB 

Failed  to  report. 

GARDEN  CLUB  OF  ALLEGHENY  COUNTY 

It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  I  report  a  very  active  year  for 
our  Garden  Club.  We  held  ten  meetings  during  the  year  and 
continued  our  more  serious  work,  such  as  that  among  the  farm 
women  of  the  county,  the  restoration  of  the  Historic  Garden  at 
Economy,  and  our  gift  to  the  City  of  Pittsburgh  of  a  plan,  sub- 
mitted by  Mr.  James  L.  Greenleaf ,  for  planting  the  new  entrance 
to  Schenley  Park. 

We  gave  270  prizes,  totaling  $1200,  for  flowers  and  vege- 
ables,  in  rural  schools  and  at  community  fairs ;  twenty  member- 
ships in  the  Woman's  National  Farm  and  Garden  Association, 
and  paid  for  the  upkeep  of  an  automobile  for  a  County  Farm 
Bureau  representative. 

A  very  successful  Dahlia  Show  was  held  in  Sewickley. 

Our  club  feels  especially  honored  at  the  appointment  of 
Mrs.  McKnight  as  Editor  of  the  Bulletin. 

,This  report  may  indicate  that  we  are  taking  too  much  inter- 
est in  matters  outside  the  province  of  gardening  as  a  fine  art, 
but  we  find  we  can  combine  interest  in  our  gardens  with  our 
more  serious  work  and  it  has  proved,  to  our  complete  satisfac- 
tion, that  the  program  of  each  Club  should  be  decided  by  its  mem- 
bers according  to  social,  financial  and  geographical  conditions. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

Edith    Oliver   Rea, 
(Mrs.  Henry  R.  Rea)  President. 

AMATEUR  GARDENERS'  CLUB,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

We  think  that  our  club  has  had  a  successful  and  stimulating 
year.  Our  first  important  action  was  to  establish  a  Wild  Flower 
Committee  with  Mrs.  Edward  Bouton  chairman.  Through  her 
energy  and  enthusiasm  a  Baltimore  Chapter  was  formed  of  the 
National  Association  for  the  Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers,  an 
active  propaganda  started  by  means  of  lectures  and  publicity 
and  plans  made  for  protection  and  propagation  of  wild  flowers 
which  are  becoming  extinct.  Monthly  meetings  of  the  club  were 
held  and  well  attended,  at  which  papers  were  read  by  members 
upon  gardens  and  allied  subjects ;  and  lectures  were  given  in  con- 
junction with  other  clubs  near  Baltimore. 

Historic  places  and  gardens  were  discussed  and  visited.  In 
connection  with  other  garden  clubs,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Civic  League  we  took  part  in  a  Flower  Market  giving  the  Alice 
Garrett  Medal  for  the  most  artistic  booth  and  the  Wild  Flower 

—  1  — 


Association  in  Washington  entrusted  us  with  a  small  but  valu- 
able exhibit  of  native  wild  plants. 

We  joined  with  other  clubs  for  a  Rose  Show  in  June  and  in 
the  same  way  held  a  Chrysanthemum  Show  and  sale  of  plants  in 
October. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
Mrs.  Lyman  C.  Josephs.  Alice  V.  Josephs,  President. 

October  25,  1921 

BEDFORD  GARDEN  CLUB 

There  have  been  eight  regular  meetings  during  the  year. 
Informal  Flower  Shows  were  held  at  five  of  these  meetings. 

PROGRAM 
April:  Growing,   Preparing  and   Packing  Flowers   for 

Exhibition  Mr.  Isaac  Henderson 

Spring  spraying  of  Apple  Trees 

Mrs.  Edwin  Holier 

May :  Flower  Arrangements         Mrs.  Allen  Marquand 

June :  Paeonies  Mrs.  Edward  Harding 

The  Club  also  took  part  in  the  Joint  Flower  Show 

held  at  Purchase,  with  the  Rye,  Greenwich,  New 

Canaan  and  Ridgefield  Clubs. 

July :  Berries  and  Small  Fruits  Mr.  James  Wood 

Mr.   Fletcher  Steele 
August :        Wild  Flower  Meeting.   A  visit  to  Mr.  Benjamin 
Fairchild's   Garden   and   informal   talk  by   Mr. 
Fairchild  on  the  use  of  native  growths  in  plant- 
ing. 

September :  Fall  Flower  Show,  including  exhibit  of  Flowers 
and  Vegetables  grown  by  school  children.  1200 
packets  of  seed  were  distributed  in  the  spring 
and  the  gardens  visited  by  Club  members  dur- 
ing the  summer. 
Chrysanthemums  and  other  Autumn  Flowers. 

Paper  by  Charles  Totty 
October:      Birds  and  Gardens  Mr.  Herbert  Job 

Annual  Meeting. 
The  grounds  of  the  Bedford  Hills  Community  House  have 
been  planted  by  the  Club. 

A  Bird  Bath  Exhibit  was  made  at  the  International  Flower 
Show,  in  March ;  also  an  Entry  in  the  Window  Box  Competition 
of  the  City  Gardens  Club. 

Evelyn  Noyes   Saltus, 

President. 

—  2  — 


THE   CHESTNUT    HILL    GARDEN    SOCIETY 

During  the  year  the  Society  held  seven  indoor  meetings  and 
visited  several  gardens. 

The  annual  May  Flower  Show  was  notable  for  the  number, 
quality  and  beauty  of  the  exhibits.  It  was  open  to  members 
on  the  first  day  and  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held 
in  the  evening  in  the  main  exhibition  room.  Thie  following  day 
the  show  was  largely  attended  by  friends  of  the  members. 

The  Horticultural  Medal  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwin  S.  Webster  for  the  best 
arranged  collection  of  rare  spring  flowering  plants. 

There  was  a  lively  competition  in  table  decorations  and  many 
such  decorations  were  original  in  conception  and  color  scheme 
and  well  merited  the  high  praise  given  them. 

At  the  invitation  of  Prof.  Charles  S.  Sargent,  a  special  meet- 
ing was  held  in  May  at  the  Arnold  Arboretum.  The  members 
attended  generally  and  were  conducted  through  the  Arboretum  by 
Mr.  John  G.  Jack,  receiving  much  valuable  information. 

The  Club  has  replanted  the  grounds  of  the  Railroad  Sta- 
tion in  Chestnut  Hill  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Guy  Lee,  its 
Garden  Consultant,  advised  by  Prof.  Sargent.  Many  years  ago 
these  grounds  were  laid  out  by  Mr.  Frederick  Law  Olmsted,  Sen- 
ior, and  Planted  by  Prof.  Sargent.  It  was  a  privilege  to  carry 
on  the  work  begun  by  such  eminent  men. 

Jeanne   N.   Colt,  Secretary,  pro  tern,. 

CINCINNATI  GARDEN  CLUB 

The  Cincinnati  Garden  Club  obtained  permission  to  move 
the  flowers  from  a  beautiful  wood  where  a  factory  was  to  be 
built,  and  The  Wild  Flower  Society  moved  successfully,  thirty- 
five  varieties  to  the  new  East  High  School  Wild  Flower  Preserve ; 
many  native  trees  and  shrubs  were  also  planted.  In  May  the 
Society  had  a  creditable  Wild  Flower  Exhibition,  visited  by  ten 
thousand  people.  A  direct  result  is  a  weekly  course  of  lectures 
on  wild  flowers. 

In  June,  Mrs.  W.  C.  Procter  entertained  members  of  all  the 
neighboring  Garden  Clubs.  It  was  decided  to  have  a  meeting 
every  spring. 

In  June  also,  at  a  fete  for  a  local  charity,  the  Club  had  a 
charming  miniature  garden  where  plants  were  sold ;  the  sum 
netted  was  over  twelve  hundred  dollars. 

In  July,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Rowe  read  an  interesting  monograph  on 
some  Historic  Gardens  in  Ohio  and  Kentucky. 

On  November  sixth,  the  Club  had  an  Amateur  Dahlia  Show 

—  3  — 


for  the  Public.  The  bronze  medal  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Amer- 
ica was  offered  for  an  achievement  in  Dahlia  growing ;  the  Judges 
unanimously  awarded  it  to  Mrs.  S.  H.  Taft's  "Elizabeth." 

Mrs.  Hutchinson's  delightful,  illustrated  talk  on  Wild  Flow- 
ers was  given  in  November. 

The  support  of  the  French  Orphan  is  still  continued. 

Mary  L.  S.  Perkins,  (Mrs.  James  H.) 

Secretary,  pro  tern. 


THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  CLEVELAND 

During  the  past  year  the  Garden  Club  of  Cleveland  has  held 
Seven  Meetings  with  lectures  and  Five  Meetings  of  the  Board  of 
Gardeners, 

Also,  three  afternoons  were  spent  by  the  Members  of  the 
Shaker  Lakes  Club  and  The  Garden  Club  of  Cleveland,  visiting 
gardens  and  planning  for  the  coming  visit  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America. 

A  Wild  Flower  Garden  has  been  started  by  the  two  Garden 
Clubs  on  land  given  by  the  City  for  a  permanent  Wild  Flower 
Park  and  to  be  cared  for  by  the  City  but  to  be  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  two  Garden  Clubs.  It  is  located  at  the  foot  of 
Shaker  Lakes  by  an  old  miill  where  the  Shakers  originally  set- 
tled. 

The  two  Clubs  have  been  asked  to  take  space  in  the  National 
Flower  Show  to  be  given  here  in  March.  A  Spring  Garden  20 
by  50  feet  has  been  designed  to  be  entered  in  competition  for  the 
prize  of  $1000  offered  by  the  Flower  Show. 

The  Club  has  increased  its  membership  by  22  members.  The 
following  officers  were  elected  for  1922 : 

Mrs.  John  E.  Newell President 

Mrs.  John  D.  Maclennan First  Vice-President 

Mrs.  Charles  A.  Otis Second  Vice-President 

Mrs.  Courteny  Burton Third  Vice-President 

Mrs.  Belden  Seymour Treasurer 

Miss  Clara  B.  Sherwin Corresponding  Secretary 

Mrs.  Benedict  Crowell Recording  Secretary 

A  special  Committee  from  the  Shaker  Lakes  Club  and  the 
Garden  Club  of  Cleveland  has  been  appointed  to  be  in  charge  of 
the  arrangements  for  the  visit  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
in  June  1922. 

Anne  C.  Newell 
Mrs.  John  E.  Newell  President. 

—  4  — 


GARDEN  CLUB  OF  DENVER 

The  Summer  programs  for  the  Denver  Garden  Club,  dur- 
ing the  months  of  June,  July  and  the  first  part  of  August  have 
been  widely  varied.  Once  a  month  we  have  had  the  history  of 
Gardens,  treated  from  an  artistic,  scientific  and  historical  stand- 
point. Once  a  month  we  have  had  the  study  of  the  garden  in  the 
more  purely  botanical  treatment;  we  have  had  as  well,  several 
botanising  trips  into  the  mountains,  and  one  competitive  problem 
in  planting  the  new  garden  of  one  of  our  members. 
The  calendar  has  been  as  follows : 
June  6th  Primitive  Garden  Forms. 

June  20th  A  talk  by  Miss  Schmall  of  the  State  Mu- 

seum of  Natural  History  on  the  Eco- 
logical Botany  of  Colorado. 
June  26th  A  botanical  trip  to  Estes  Park  for  study 

of  wild  flowers. 
July  11th  Roman  Gardens. 

July  25th  Study  of   the   Competitive  Project   of   the 

Garden  Planting  for  Mrs.  Kountze. 

August  1st  Roman  Gardens  of  the  Renaissance. 

August  8th  Botanical  Expedition  up  Boulder  Canon  for 

study  of  trees  and  shrubs. 

In  addition  to  our  regular  study  we  have  had  the  usual 
amount  of  interchange  of  subjects  dear  to  the  heart  of  every 
gardener,  pests,  varieties  and  fertilizers,  and  have  visited  several 
of  our  loveliest  gardens,  those  of  Mrs.  George  Crammer,  Mrs. 
Daniel  Tears  and  Mrs.  Hepburn  Walker. 

June  B,  Benedict  (Mrs.  J.  B.)    President. 

GARDEN  CLUB  OF  EASTHAMPTON 

Spring  activities  began  in  March  when  the  Club  competed 
by  two  entries,  one  for  the  best  Table  Decoration,  the  other  for 
a  Bird  Bath,  at  the  Flower  Show  of  The  New  York  Horticultural 
Society,  and  was  fortunate  in  winning  second  place  in  the  former 
class. 

Meetings  were  held  fortnightly  during  the  summer  and  lec- 
tures were  given  by  Mrs.  Charles  Stout,  Mr.  Loring  Underwood 
and  Miss  Koleman.  At  other  meetings  members  addressed  the 
Club.  Exhibits  of  flowers  and  vegetables  were  shown  regularly 
at  the  meetings  and  ribbons  awarded  as  prizes. 

The  Fifth  Annual  Flower  Show  in  June  and  the  Dahlia 
Show  in  August  were  most  successful. 

The  work  of  the  Experimental  Garden  and  that  of  the  Wild- 

—  5  — 


flower  Committee  was  carried  on,  and  much  interest  was  shown 
in  the  Lantern  Slides  made  from  photographs  of  a  number  of  the 
gardens. 

The  season  closed  with  an  experience  meeting,  many  helpful 
suggestions  being  given  by  the  members  and  summer  experiences 
related. 

The  Treasury  showed  such  a  good  balance  on  hand  that  a 
contribution  of  fifty  dollars  was  made,  as  in  1920,  to  Ambler 
Horticultural  School,  and  a  gift  was  also  made  to  the  East  Hamp- 
ton Free  Library. 

November  10,  1921. 

THE  GARDEN   CLUB   OF  EVANSTON,  ILLINOIS 

January  1st  ends  the  most  successful  year  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  Evanston. 

Each  month  there  has  been  a  meeting  consisting  of  a  lecture, 
visits  to  gardens,  or  planning  for  the  two  big  functions  of  the 
year — the  Garden  Market  and  the  Aster  Exhibit. 

The  Garden  Market  comes  the  middle  of  May.  This  is  vast 
in  two  directions.  It  brings  new  funds  into  the  treasury  and 
spreads  an  interest  in  gardening  among  the  citizens  of  Evanston 
and  the  nearby  villages. 

The  Aster  Exhibit  is  held  the  Friday  after  school  opens  in 
September.  The  aster  seeds  are  distributed  in  spring  among  the 
school  children.  The  children  raise  the  asters  themselves  and 
in  the  fall  bring  the  blossoms  to  their  respective  schools.  Judges 
go  from  school  to  school,  select  the  prize  winners  in  each  school, 
take  them  to  a  central  point,  and  select  the  best  of  all.  The 
plan  now  is  to  give  a  trophy  to  the  school  that  has  the  best  gen- 
eral exhibit.    This  fall  some  of  the  exhibits  were  beautiful. 

The  big  plan  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Evanston  is  to  plant  a 
memorial  avenue  of  elms  on  the  new  High  School  grounds. 

Lydia    K.    Allen, 

Secretary. 

THE  FAUQUIER  AND  LOUDOUN  GARDEN  CLUB 
OF  VIRGINIA 

This  year  we  have  varied  our  programme  by  holding  three 
Flower  Shows  in  competition  for  the  club  cup,  instead  of  bring- 
ing exhibits  to  every  meeting  as  before,  and  since  a  new  exhibitor 
won,  the  cup  remains  a  potent  influence  towards  further  efforts 
in  fine  gardening. 

We  have  had  two  experience  meetings  and  kept  records  of 
successful  color  combinations  reported ;  the  Committee  on  Plant 

—  6  — 


Exchange  has  been  very  active  and  the  Roadside  Committee  has 
rescued  two  giant  white  oak  trees,  which  are  to  have  tablets 
placed  on  them,  setting  forth  that  they  are  under  the  protection 
of  this  Garden  Club. 

In  May  we  made  a  pilgrimage  to  Mt.  Vernon  to  study  the 
grounds  and  gardens,  and  nothing  can  be  more  worthwhile  for 
modern  gardeners,  especially  after  reading  that  admirable  book 
of  Mr.  Wilstach,  "Washington's  Home." 

The  most  important  event  of  the  year  came  in  June,  when 
we  had  the  pleasure  of  receiving  the  Virginia  Federation  of  Gar- 
den Clubs  for  a  day's  tour  of  our  gardens,  after  their  annual 
meeting  as  guests  of  the  Warrenton  Garden  Club. 

We  have  enjoyed  some  charming  lectures,  from  Miss  Averill 
in  costume,  on  the  Art  of  Japanese  Flower  Arrangement,  Mr. 
Wister  on  Roses  and  Dr.  Paul  Bartsch  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institute,  with  the  assistance  of  Mrs.  Minnegerode  Andrews  of 
Washington,  on  Native  Wild  Flowers  and  Ferns. 

And  though  we  have  not  done  any  striking  things,  the  feeling 
is  unanimous  that  1921  has  been  a  happy  and  profitable  year. 

Hetty   Harrison,  President. 

THE  GREENWICH  GARDEN  CLUB 
October    1920 October    1921 

In  addition  to  the  regular  meetings  of  the  Club,  held  month- 
ly, from  April  to  November,  inclusive,  there  have  been  three 
field  days  devoted  to  study  of  special  planting  and  to  wild  flowers. 
A  committee,  appointed  by  the  President,  exhibited  a  basket  of 
flowers,  in  the  class  open  to  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America,  in  the  International  Flower  Show,  on  March  16th,  and 
were  awarded  the  first  prize  in  the  class.  On  June  15th,  the  Club 
contributed  eighty  exhibits  to  the  combined  flower  shows  of 
Westchester  and  Fairfield  Counties.  Members  were  awarded 
eight  first  and  five  second  prizes.  On  September  23d  the  Club 
made  its  annual  show,  a  Dahlia  Show,  and  offered  prizes  in  six 
classes.  A  special  club  prize  was  awarded  to  the  grower  of  the 
best  seedling  bloom.  The  members  of  the  club  were  especially 
requested  to  bring  to  every  meeting  anything  of  special  interest 
which  they  might  have,  a  flower,  seed-pod,  diseased  spray,  any- 
thing which  might  be  discussed. 

The  Club  has  continued  its  care  of  a  hardy  border  on  the 
Hospital  grounds,  and  added  to  this,  a  picking  garden  of  annuals, 
for  use  in  the  Hospital.  This  fall,  members  are  in  charge  of 
planting  with  shrubs  and  hardy  plants  the  grounds  of  the  local 

Mrs.  L.  V.  Lockwood,   President. 


GREEN  SPRING  VALLEY  GARDEN  CLUB, 
MARYLAND 

The  work  of  our  Club  for  the  last  year  has  been  on  the  same 
lines  as  the  preceding  years : — Visiting  gardens,  enjoying  some 
splendid  lectures,  working  with  the  Maryland  Chapter  of  the 
Wild  Flower  Preservation  Society  and  helping  to  improve  the 
community  in  planting. 

We  had  the  honor  of  winning  the  prize  for  the  most  artisti- 
cally arranged  basket  of  vegetables,  fruits  and  flowers  at  the 
Baltimore  Flower  Market  and  with  the  Gardens  Club  of  Twenty, 
the  first  prize  for  decorated  booth. 

This  Flower  Market  is  held  annually  and  draws  a  large 
crowd  of  Flower  Lovers. 

LiNA   PoE   Elder, 

President. 


GARDEN  CLUB  OF  HARFORD  COUNTY, 
MARYLAND 

During  the  year  ending  September,  1921,  The  Garden  Club 
of  Harford  County  had  nine  meetings. 

One  of  these,  which  was  held  in  co-operation  with  several 
other  Maryland  Garden  Clubs,  gave  us  an  opportunity  to  hear 
Mrs.  Nathaniel  Britton,  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Gardens,  on 
The  Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers. 

At  another  meeting,  we  listened  to  Mr.  Swepson  Earle's 
Lecture  on  Colonial  Homes  and  Gardens  in  Southern  Maryland, 
illustrated  by  very  beautiful  pictures  with  the  lantern. 

At  a  third  meeting,  we  heard  Mr.  Vincent  talk  to  the  Club 
on  his  specialty  of  growing  Dahlias. 

Our  members  have  continued  the  work  of  sending  flowers 
from  their  gardens  to  the  ill  and  the  wounded  soldiers  at  the 
Fort  McHenry  Hospital  in  Baltimore. 

With  full  attendance,  and  earnest  discussion  of  our  special 
problems,  our  Club  has  proved  most  helpful  to  the  members, 
showing  not  its  least  usefulness,  perhaps,  in  bringing  together 
neighbors,  many  of  whom  live  in  the  country  all  through  the 
year,  and  in  homes  lying  far  apart. 

Emma  James   Johnson, 
Mrs.  James  Hemsley  Johnson.  President. 


GARDEN  CLUB  OF  HARTFORD,  CONNECTICUT 

1920-1921 

Practical  talk  by  Mr.  Sierman,  Landscape  Gardner. 

Exhibition  of  slides  from  The  Garden  Club  of  America. 
Five  additional  slides  were  shown  from  photographs  of  the  gar- 
dens of  our  members. 

Lecture  by  Mr.  Loring  Underwood,  "The  Arnold  Arbore- 
tum." 

Exhibited  a  basket  of  flowers  at  the  International  Flower 
Show  in  New  York  which  received  Honorable  Mention. 

Sent  $25  to  the  Committee  of  the  G.  C.  of  A.  to  mitigate  the 
severities  of  Quarantine  No.  Z7 . 

Three  papers  on  "Garden  Ideals." 

Informal  talk  on  "Spring-flowering  Bulbs,"  Mr.  Keser. 

Paper  on  "Friendship's  Garden."  Report  of  the  Secretary, 
on  the  visit  of  the  President  and  Delegate  to  the  Annual  Meeting 
in  New  York. 

Interesting  visit  at  the  invitation  of  The  Garden  Club  of 
Middletown,  and  a  return  visit  from  that  club. 

Visited  gardens  in  Farmington. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Litchfield  invited  our  members  to  a 
luncheon  and  a  tour  of  its  gardens.  It  was  a  day  of  supreme 
enjoyment. 

Cooperated  with  the  Connecticut  Horticultural  Society  at 
its  June  Show. 

Our  members  contributed  bouquets  of  flowers  arranged  by 
themselves  to  the  Hartford  Public  Library.  The  Flower  Mis- 
sion also  received  contributions. 

The  Club  is  gratified  to  report  that  Mrs.  Howard  Knapp, 
our  correspondent  to  the  Bulletin  of  the  G.  C.  of  A.  has  joined 
the  Editorial  staff  of  that  Magazine.  Her  department  is  called 
"News  and  Views." 

Mary  Gray 
(Mrs.  R.  W.  Gray) 

President. 

—  9  — 


THE  JAMES  RIVER  GARDEN  CLUB,  OF  RICHMOND, 

VIRGINIA 

The  James  River  Garden  Club  has  completed  a  busy  year 
enlarging  its  own  garden  knowledge  and  spreading  the  love 
for  growing  things. 

At  four  of  the  meetings  slides  were  shown  (a)  Gardens 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  (b)  Arnold  Arboretum,  (c) 
American  Iris  Society,  (d)  Historic  Homes  of  Virginia. 

Lecturers  included :  Mrs.  Helen  Fowler  of  the  Acquatic 
Gardens,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Mr.  John  C.  Wister  of  Philadelphia 
on  the  Iris,  and  Mr.  Grantham  on  Special  Fertilizers  for  special 
plants. 

Papers  by  Club  members  included  "The  Dahlia,"  "October 
Gardens"  and  several  on  "Historic  Gardens  of  Virginia." 

The  Club  held  a  Field  Day  and  Basket  Picnic  at  Buckhead 
Springs  to  see  a  natural  planting  of  Iris. 

Among  the  civic  activities  of  the  Club :  The  establishment  of 
a  Wild  Flower  Preserve  in  Joseph  Bryan  Park :  recommending 
the  Iris  for  the  City  Flower — adopted  by  the  City ;  co-operation 
with  Good  Roads  Movement,  and  with  the  Virginia  Pageant  As- 
sociation in  planting  7500  Iris  in  the  principal  avenues  and  parks 
on  the  line  of  march  of  the  Historical  Pageant  to  be  staged  in 
Richmond  next  spring. 

Many  Club  members  attended  the  meeting  of  the  Virginia 
Garden  Clubs  in  Warrenton  in  Fauquier  and  Loudoun  Counties. 

In  May  the  Club  held  its  first  Flower  Festival  and  Iris  Show 
— a  marked  success — the  proceeds  being  used  for  promoting 
horticultural  knowledge. 

Respectfully   submitted, 
Mrs.  Thos.  S.  Wheelwright     President. 

THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  LAKE  FOREST 

Programme 
Nov.  9,  1920...  The  Annual  Meeting. 

April  16,  1921 . .  "An  Expression  of  Spring  in  Music." 

May     6 "Three  Garden  Chapters." 

May  27 "Gardening  in  the  Sub-Tropics." 

June   4-5 A   Flower   Show  by  the  Garden   Club  of 

Illinois    in    co-operation    with    the    North 
Shore  Horticultural  Society. 

June   24 An  afternoon  of  visiting  gardens. 

July  (  1 "Wild-flowers" — An   illustrated   lecture  by 

Mr.  Norman  Taylor. 

July    15 "Experiences  in  English  Gardens." 

—  10  — 


July  23-24 A  Flower  Show  in  co-operation  with  the 

North   Shore  Horticultural   Society. 
August   5 A  luncheon   followed  by  an  informal  dis- 
cussion of  garden  problems. 
September     7.  ."Fungi  of  Our  Fields  and  Woods,"  by  Mr. 

L.  H.  Pray. 
September  30.. "Gardens  here  and  there." 
October    13. . .  ."Arboretums,"  by  Mr.  O.  C.  Simonds. 
Two  lectures  to  school  children  on  Wild-flower  Preservation 
were  given  by  Mrs.  Albert  A.  Michelson. 

The  Club  co-operated  with  the  Women's  National  Farm  and 
Garden  Association  in  making  an  exhibit  of  garden  sculpture. 

The  Public  Libraries  of  Winnetka  and  Lake  Forest  were 
supplied  with  flowers  arranged  for  effect. 

The  Saturday  morning  Flower  ]\Iarket,  which  was  estab- 
lished last  season,  continued  to  be  successfully  maintained.  The 
money  earned  by  the  Flower  Market  and  a  sum  contributed 
from  the  Flower  Show  receipts  were  given  for  the  purpose  of 
planting  a  public  Athletic  Field  and  Playground. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Florence  Martin    President. 

THE  LAKE  GENEVA  GARDEN  CLUB 

The  Lake  Geneva  Garden  Club  has  enjoyed  a  very  success- 
ful season.  The  first  meeting  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs. 
^^"rigley.  when  the  report  of  the  Council  of  Presidents,  held  in 
in  New  York  in  May,  was  read.  The  next  meeting,  at  the  resi- 
dence of  Mrs.  Edw.  E.  Ayer,  where  a  delightfully  instructive 
paper  was  read  by  Mrs.  Ayer  on  the  "  Redwoods  of  California," 
followed  by  views  that  she  had  taken.  A  week  later  a  luncheon 
at  thel  Country  Club  with  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Illi- 
nois and  the  Evanston  Garden  Club  as  guests,  followed  by  an  il- 
lustrated lecture  by  Mr.  Jesse  Lowe  Smith  on  "The  Milkweeds 
and  Their  Insect  Guests."  Mrs.  Frank  Rehm's  garden  was  visit- 
ed and  tea  served  in  a  most  attractive  way. 

Mrs.  Charles  L.  Hutchinson  had  an  afternoon  with  the  Wild 
Flowers  at  her  home.  Each  one  present  was  asked  to  describe 
a  wild  flower  and  the  others  to  guess  its  name.  A  stroll  through 
their  woods  that  abound  with  wild  flowers  was  a  treat  that  fol- 
lowed. 

Mrs.  Samuel  W.  Allerton  gave  a  most  interesting  description 
of  colored  views  that  she  had  collected  of  "Pasadena  Gardens." 

Plans  for  beautifying  the  grounds  around  the  railroad  station 
are  being  considered. 

Respectfully  submitted. 
(Mrs.  Seymour  Morris)  Ida   T.   Morris,  Presideni. 

—  11  — 


THE  LENOX  GARDEN  CLUB,  1921 

The  Lenox  Garden  Club  had  its  usual  eight  meetings  dur- 
ing the  summer  at  four  of  which  lectures  were  given  and  at  two, 
papers  by  members  were  read.  The  Club  regret  very  much  the 
retirement  of  the  President  Miss  Meyer,  who  held  office  for  two 
years,  but  are  rejoiced  at  welcoming  back  as  Vice  President,  Dr. 
Wm.  Oilman  Thompson.  In  June  the  Club,  by  the  kind  invita- 
tion of  the  Millbrook  Garden  Club  and  Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne 
had  a  very  charming  day,  lunching  in  the  shade  of  Mrs.  Thome's 
beautiful  old  trees  and  attending  the  lecture  by  Mr.  Loring  Un- 
derwood. In  the  hope  of  interesting  the  Lenox  school  children 
models  and  plans  were  made  for  small  vegetable  gardens,  they 
proved  rather  difficult  but  a  prize  day  was  held  and  prizes,  rib- 
bons, and  ice  cream  were  distributed.  The  models  for  next  year 
have  been  simplified  and  the  enrollment  is  to  be  more  systema- 
tic through  the  help  of  one  of  the  teachers.  Members  are  to 
supervise  a  certain  number  of  children  and  endeavor  to  over- 
come the  opposition  of  some  of  the  parents  who  consider  the 
children's  time  wasted  when  not  working  for  them  and  who  are 
the  most  necessary  to  get  hold  of. 

(Miss)    Georgiana  W.   Sargent 
November,  1921  President. 

THE  LITCHFIELD  GARDEN  CLUB 

The  Litchfield  Garden  Club  has  had  a  very  successful  sum- 
mer, and  much  interest  has  been  shown  at  the  meetings  which 
have  been  held  on  alternate  Thursdays  from  June  to  September. 
On  June  fifteenth  we  very  much  enjoyed  the  hospitality  of  the 
Millbrook  Garden  Club,  with  luncheon  at  beautiful  Thorndale, 
and  an  illustrated  lecture  by  Loring  Underwood. 

On  June  twenty-third  we  had  the  pleasure  of  having  as  our 
guests  the  Hartford  Garden  Club,  and  were  able  to  show  them 
some  of  the  Famous  old  Colonial  Houses  and  Gardens  of  Litch- 
field. 

We  have  had  several  very  interesting  lectures,  one  from  Miss 
Jay  on  French  Gardens,  one  from  Mr.  Coe  on  Gardens  of  Ja- 
pan, and  one  from  Miss  Alderson  on  Herbaceous  Borders. 

We  also  had  the  privilege  of  seeing  the  Herbarium  of  Mrs. 
Carey,  and  also  a  wonderful  collection  of  pictures  of  wild  flowers 
by  Miss  Luqueer. 

We  had  a  very  successful  Flower  Show  in  August  with 
nearly  fifty  exhibits  of  baskets  and  arrangements  of  flowers, 
which  was  well  attended  and  much  enjoyed. 

—  12  — 


The  Club  has  also  done  good  work  in  keeping  up  the  super- 
vision of  the  station  planting  at  Litchfield,  and  in  trying  to  in- 
terest the  school  children  in  the  care  and  preservation  of  wild 
flowers. 

Margaret  K.  Busk 
(Mrs.  Frederick  T.  Busk) 
President  Litchfield  Garden  Club. 


THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  MICHIGAN 

The  Garden  Club  of  Michigan  completes  its  tenth  year  with 
a  full  membership  of  one  hundred  members  and  a  waiting  list 
of  many  desirable  applicants. 

The  Board  of  Gardners  planned  an  interesting  and  varied 
program  for  the  year,  of  twelve  meetings  which  included  lectures, 
picnics,  luncheons,  garden-visits  and  teas. 

Our  Annual  Daffodil  and  Tulip  Shows  surpassed  those  of 
previous  years  in  the  exhibits  of  specimen  blooms,  artistic  ar- 
rangements and  collections. 

Fifty  dollars  was  given  to  the  U.  S.  General  Hospital  in 
Greenfield,  South  Carolina,  for  plants  and  seeds  and  seventy-five 
dollars  paid  for  the  planting  of  trees  and  shrubs  in  a  community 
playground  in  Detroit.  The  Tau  Beta  Society  was  given  twenty- 
five  dollars  for  a  hedge  and  vines  and  shrubs  were  given  to  the 
Children's  Free  Hospital. 

Six  trees  have  been  planted  in  one  of  the  city  parks  in  mem- 
ory of  six  young  men  (relatives  of  club  members)  who  gave 
their  lives  in  the  World  War. 

We  have  had  a  medal  designed  and  plan  to  offer  two  or 
three  each  year  where  we  feel  competition  for  them  will  encour- 
age an  interest  in  gardening. 

As  a  whole  the  past  year  has  been  a  successful  one  and  like 
all  true  gardners  we  are  looking  forward  to  a  wonderful  "next 
year." 

Eleanor  Carroll  Parker,  President 
(Mrs.  Edward  H.  Parker.) 

—  13  — 


THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  MIDDLETOWN, 
CONNECTICUT 

The  Garden  Club  of  Middletown  has  experienced  another 
year  of  usefulness  to  its  members  and  the  community.  A  parti- 
cular impetus  has  resulted  from  our  association  with  the  Garden 
Club  of  America.  The  national  meetings  have  been  the  greatest 
stimulous  to  those  attending  and  their  enthusiasm  has  been 
caught  by  those  who  had  to  remain  at  home.  An  open  meeting 
with  the  beautiful  slides  from  the  G.  C.  A.  brought  pleasure  to 
a  large  audience,  and  as  a  result  of  the  Visitors  Book  many  mem- 
bers have  spent  very  delightful  moments  in  many  delightful  gar- 
dens. 

Our  flower  booth  at  the  Garden  Fete  was  again  so  success- 
ful, we  are  realizing  that  we  have  created  a  demand  for  seedlings 
and  garden  accessories  which  will  lead  us  to  greater  things. 

Papers  of  interest  have  been  read,  interesting  talks  given  by 
those  who  have  visited  gardens  in  other  lands  and  a  very  plea- 
sant interchange  of  hospitality  with  a  nearby  garden  club  and  a 
pilgrimage  to  Mr.  Gilletts  wild  flower  sanctuary  in  Southwick, 
Mass.,  has  had  a  place  on  our  program. 

Our  interest  in  collecting  books  for  our  Garden  Shelf  in  the 
public  library  continues  and  we  look  forward  to  a  year  of  greater 
pleasure  and  usefulness. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Russell,  Jr. 

President. 

THE  MILLBROOK  GARDEN  CLUB,  INC.. 

The  Millbrook  Garden  Club  has  had  a  year  of  very  diversi- 
fied interests  and  closes  its  year  with  a  feeling  of  contentment  and 
satisfaction  over  the  work  accomplished. 

Our  best  horticultural  achievement  has  been,  probably,  with 
the  dahlia.  The  general  interest  taken  in  its  culture  by  many 
of  the  members  is  a  satisfaction. 

Our  flower  show,  the  first  since  the  war,  was  excellent  and 
the  Children's  Gardens  showed  a  really  good  exhibit. 

The  Tribute  Garden,  a  small  park  of  six  acres  which  the 
Club  is  planting  and  maintaining  for  the  benefit  of  the  village, 
is  developing  into  an  actual  fact  and  is  finding  a  real  place  in 
the  village  life.  Our  pledge  to  plant  only  native  material  has  led 
us  into  a  most  interesting  field.  The  wild  flowers  do  not  seem 
to  be  such  a  closed  book,  but  the  shrubs,  rock  plants  and  ground 
covers  fill  a  very  large  book  of  unknown  facts  which  we  are 
struggling  to  master. 

—  14  — 


We  enjoyed  welcoming  six  neighboring  garden  clubs  to  a 
garden  party  and  lecture  last  June.  The  day  was  perfect  and 
we  all  felt  the  charm  of  that  golden  chain,  The  Garden  Club  of 
America,  which  so  delightfully  binds  us  together. 

Helen  S.  Thorne 

President. 

THE    GARDENERS   OF   MONTGOMERY    AND 
DELAWARE  COUNTIES,  PENNSYLVANIA 

Report,   1920-1921 

During  the  past  year  Wild  Flowers  and  their  preservation 
have  been  our  main  object. 

Wister  Woods  in  Germantown  will  be  developed  into  a  Wild 
Flower  preservation,  the  Park  is  giving  the  ground.  Mr.  John 
Wister  has  drawn  the  plans  for  the  planting,  the  expenses  being 
defrayed  by  the  Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia,  the  Weeders  and 
our  Club. 

We  had  our  usual  Booth  at  the  Rittenhouse  Flower  Market, 
in  May.  Owing  to  the  efficiency  of  our  Chairman  Mrs.  Louis 
Rodman  Page  and  her  aides,  the  returns  from  our  table  proved 
to  be  more  than  had  been  made  by  any  booth  since  the  starting 
of  the  Market. 

Mrs.  Horatio  Gates  Lloyd  has  written  two  most  interesting 
papers  on  "Putting  the  Garden  to  Sleep,"  and  "Waking  the  Gar- 
den Up."  We  netted  something  over  a  hundred  dollars  in  sell- 
ing copies  of  them  at  the  Flower  Market. 

Our  members  co-operated  with  the  Garden  Club  of  Philadel- 
phia, the  Weeders  and  the  Horticultural  Society  in  opening  our 
gardens  to  the  public,  Saturdays  in  May  and  June,  charging  fifty 
cents  a  person,  for  the  benefit  of  the  School  of  Horticulture,  at 
Ambler. 

We  have  enlarged  our  membership  and  all  seem  interested 
and  enthusiastic. 

Mrs.  Horace  Bullock 

President. 

MORRISTOWN   NEW  JERSEY   GARDEN   CLUB 

The  Morristown  (N.  J.)  Garden  Club  has  increased  its 
membership  to  eighty  during  the  current  year.  It  has  held  eight 
meetings,  which  have  included  a  talk  on  Rock  Gardens,  an  il- 
lustrated lecture  on  possibilities  of  planting  in  small  gardens, 
a  paper  on  wild  flowers,  an  address  by  Dr.  David  H.  McAlpin,  Jr. 
on  "Grains  and  Their  Economic  Values,"  and  an  address  by 

—  15  — 


Prof.  M.  A.  Blake,  of  the  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment 
Stations,  on  Agriculture.  The  Club  had  a  'Tield  Day,"  when  the 
Gardens  of  a  neighboring  Club  were  visited,  and  co-operated 
with  the  Bernardsville  Club  in  the  June  Rose  Show,  with  the 
Short  Hills  Club  in  the  September  Dahlia  Show,  and  with  the 
Florists  and  Gardeners  Association  of  Morristown  in  its  annual 
Flower  Show  in  October.  The  Club  also  held  a  spring  and 
fall  sale  of  the  surplus  stock  of  its  members  to  augment  the 
treasury. 

E.  Mabel  Clarke 

President. 

NEW  CANAAN  GARDEN  CLUB 

The  season  of  1921  began  with  the  Mid-winter  meeting  held 
in  New  York  in  January.  At  this  meeting  plans  for  the  coming 
season  as  well  as  the  Annual  Show,  were  discussed  and  the  new 
slides  which  had  been  prepared  for  the  Garden  Club  of  America, 
were  shown. 

For   1921,   the   program   committee  provided   the   following 
lectures : 
May — "Pests  (papers  by  members  both  from  a  serious  as  well  as 

an  amusing  standpoint.) 
June — "Trees,  Their  Care  and  Diseases,"  Mr.  J.  J.  Levison. 
July— "Dahlias,"  Mrs.  Chas.  H.  Stout. 
August — "The  Small  Estate  and  How  to  Develop  It,"  Miss  Rose 

Greely. 
September — "Gardens  in  Prose  and  Poetry,"  Mrs.  Waldo  Rich- 
ards. 
October — "Preparing  the  Garden  for  Winter,"  (Papers  by  mem- 
bers.) 

One  new  departure  was  a  combined  flower  show ;  New  Ca- 
naan uniting  with  Rye,  Greenwich,  Bedford  and  Ridgefield  in 
a  highly  successful  exhibit  in  June. 

Our  own  show  in  September  aroused  much  interest  owing 
to  the  fact  that  every  class  was  open  not  only  to  members  but  to 
any  resident  of  New  Canaan  and  being  held  from  3  P.  M.  to  10 
P.  M.  the  attendance  was  larger  than  ever  before,  many  coming 
at  night  who  otherwise  could  not  have  attended. 

One  Field-day  was  held.  The  October  meeting  took  the 
form  of  a  picnic  luncheon  in  the  woods,  the  regular  meeting  being 
held  indoors  later. 

Myra  Valentine 

President. 

—  16  — 


THE  GARDEN  ASSOCIATION   IN  NEWPORT 

The  Newport  Garden  Association  reflects  in  a  measure  gen- 
eral conditions :  a  little  ''let-down"  on  the  part  of  some  members, 
and  absence  abroad  of  a  good  many  others.  Those  who  have 
worked,  however,  deserve  greater  praise  than  usual. 

Our  chief  interest  and  responsibility,  the  Trial  Garden,  has 
had  several  improvements  made  to  it.  A  most  successful  and 
enlarged  border  with  a  new  color  scheme.  Burbank's  blue  pe- 
tunia proved  particularly  successful,  both  for  its  flowering  qual- 
ities and  beautiful  color.  The  roses  were  transplanted  and 
another  year  will  show  if  the  change  was  a  wise  one.  The  visit 
in  1923  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  to  Newport  gives  us  a 
fresh  impetus  for  further  beautifying  of  this  place. 

A  lecture  by  Miss  Alderson  on  her  herbaceous  borders  was 
given,  and  besides  Mrs.  Arthur  Curtiss  James  invited  the  mem- 
bers to  hear  Mr.  Scoville  on  "Every  Day  Adventures,"  and  Mrs. 
Auchincloss  showed  at  her  house,  slides  of  fellow-members" 
gardens.  Finally  a  tea  and  later,  a  vegetable  and  flower  sale, 
were  given  in  the  trial  garden,  and  teas  were  also  given  in  four 
members'  places. 

The  membership  of  the  Garden  Association  is  114. 

Edith  Wetmore  President. 

THE  NORTH   COUNTRY   GARDEN   CLUB 
OF  LONG  ISLAND 

During  1921,  several  new  Committees  have  been  formed 
which  have  greatly  increased  the  activities  of  our  Garden  Club. 

The  Program  and  INIeeting  Committee  suggested  a  vegetable 
show  and  a  competitive  exhibition  of  floral  table  decorations — 
Lectures  and  horticultural  subjects  have  been  given. 

The  Committee  on  Public  Improvements  is  endeavoring  to 
educate  the  people  to  respect  private  and  public  property,  and  to 
clean  up  picnic  grounds. 

The  Lantern  Slide  Committee  has  collected  seventy-six  slides 
of  our  gardens.  Interchange  of  slides  among  member  clubs  will 
enable  all  parts  of  the  country  to  become  acquainted  with  the 
flora  of  different  localities. 

The  Visiting  Committee  has  secured  the  names  of  twenty- 
two  members  of  our  Club  who  are  willing  to  have  their  gardens 
visited  by  members  of  other  Clubs.  Members  of  South  Side 
Club  of  Long  Island  were  our  guests  at  a  meeting  in  June.  The 
interchange  of  visits  between  clubs  promotes  interest  in  the  work. 

The  Committee  on  Garden  Pests  and  Remedies,  has  only 
recently  been  organized,  but  its  work  will  be  of  great  value. 

The  Wild  Flower  Committee  is  preparing  a  comprehensive 
policy  to  advance  the  planting  and  care  of  wild  flowers. 
October  18th,  1921.  Mrs.  Beekman  Winthrop  President. 

—  17  — 


THE  NORTH  SHORE  GARDEN  CLUB 
OF  MASSACHUSETTS 

The  North  Shore  Garden  Club  sends  in  its  annual  report 
with  some  diffidence — it  is  so  meagre  and  so  unpublic-spirited  in 
appearance!  We  have  held  ten  meetings  this  year,  to  only  one 
of  which  we  can  point  with  any  civic  pride — that  given  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Wild  Flower  Committees  of  both  this  Club  and 
the  Chestnut  Hill  Garden  Society.  It  was  given  in  Horticultural 
Hall,  Boston,  in  the  spring,  and  was  a  most  interestingly  illustrat- 
ed informal  talk  on  wild  flowers  and  birds,  and  the  hall  was 
crammed  to  overflowing. 

The  other  nine  meetings  were  all  of  the  simplest  sort,  original 
papers  provided  by  the  members,  followed  by  more  or  less  ani- 
mated discussion. 

When  we  read  the  reports  of  other  clubs  with  the  accounts 
of  their  excellent  civic  or  neighborhood  benevolences,  their 
flower  shows,  their  markets,  their  lectures,  all  their  public  activ- 
ities, we  hang  our  heads,  and  have  to  remind  ourselves  that  it  is 
difficult  to  be  neighborly — or  civic — in  eleven  different  townships 
and  five  large  cities — the  geographical  confines  of  our  member- 
ship ! 

Such  local  horticultural  organizations  as  there  are  on  the 
North  Shore  we  do  try  to  encourage ;  but  we  feel  that  our  club 
is  of  necessity  primarily  for  the  edification  and  pleasure  of  its 
own  members — Hence,  these  short  and  simple  annals ! 

Elinor  Hopkinson 
(Mrs.  Charles  Hopkinson) 

THE  ORANGE  AND  DUTCHESS  COUNTIES 
GARDEN  CLUB 

The  meetings  of  the  Club  have  numbered  ten  during  the 
year.  In  July  we  made  an  exhibit,  and  sale  of  flowers  and  seed- 
lings for  the  benefit  of  the  "Old  Homestead"  fair  in  Cornwall, 
with  bestowal  of  prizes  among  such  village  folk  as  exhibited, 
which  resulted  to  the  advantage  of  the  Homestead  Association 
in  a  substantial  amount. 

We  responded  to  the  appeal  of  the  "National  Plant,  FhDwer 
and  Fruit  Guild,"  becoming  financially  responsible  for  five  Gar- 
dens. These  small  gardens  were  conducted  and  cared  for  in  the 
city  by  young  persons  of  the  poorer  class  who  were  supplied  with 
tools,  seeds,  material  for  enrichment  of  the  soil,  etc. 

The  lamentable  condition  of  the  highways,  caused  chiefly 
by  motorists  has  been  studied  with  regard  law  and  expediency. 

We  believe  that  much  may  be  done  by  the  "Mounted  State 

—  18  — 


Constabulary"  which  has  power  of  arrest,  to  be  followed  by 
fines.  Those  thus  punished  for  disfiguring  roads  with  paper 
and  litter  of  every  description,  pass  along  the  knowledge  of  the 
danger  of  meeting  the  law,  and  a  decrease  of  this  unsightly  of- 
fense must  follow.  The  state  police  are  proceeding  with  this 
feature  of  their  work  with  interest  and  energy. 

Edward  L.  Partridge 

President. 

THE  PASADENA  GARDEN  CLUB 

Outside  the  membership  doors  of  the  Pasadena  Garden  Club 
is  a  long  line  impatiently  waiting  admission  (an  evidence  of  the 
Club's  vigorous  condition).  The  limit  of  membership  has  been 
extended  twice;  first  from  50  to  60,  and  recently  from  60  to  70. 

Nine  regular  and  two  special  meetings  were  held.  On  our 
programs  appeared  many  well  known  names,  among  them : 

Mr.  Edwin  Tyler  Miller,  editor  and  author  of  works  on 
garden  subjects;  Mrs.  Alice  Riley,  Mr.  Ralph  Clarkson,  Reverend 
Mr.  Reginald  Wheeler,  of  Peking,  China ;  Signora  Oliva  Rosseti 
Agresti,  of  Rome,  and  Mrs.  Gene  Stratton  Porter  who  read  a 
group  of  charming  wild  flower  poems  written  in  California  last 
winter.  Two  illustrated  talks  were  enjoyed;  one  on  the  gardens 
of  China,  by  Mr.  Wheeler,  the  other  on  "Italian  Gardens  and 
Fountains,"  by  Signora  Agresti. 

The  influence  of  the  Club  has  been  effective  along  educa- 
tional lines  leading  to  the  preservation  and  cultivation  of  our 
wild  flowers  and  plant  life  and  an  appreciation  of  their  medicinal 
uses ;  in  protesting  against  unsightly  billboards  and  the  defacing 
of  our  mountainsides  with  disfiguring  letters  and  figures ;  in  sup- 
porting the  valuable  work  of  the  "Save  the  Redwoods  League" 
through  a  contributing  membership ;  the  efforts  of  the  "Horticul- 
tural Society"  by  means  of  generous  donations  to  the  spring  and 
fall  Flower  Shows,  and  in  the  supplying  of  greens  and  flowers 
for  decorating  the  Community  Play  House. 

Grace  M.  Barnes 
Recording  Secretary. 
Grace  M.  Barnes,  1051  San  Rafael  Ave.,  Pasadena,  California. 

THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  PHILADELPHIA  FOR  1921 

The  past  year  has  brought  to  the  members  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Garden  Club  much  interest,  profit  and  pleasure.  The  many 
meetings  have  been  well  attended,  general  interest  stimulated  by 
the  "Five  Minute  Talks"  on  Native  Wild  Flowers.    The  year's 

—  19  — 


program  included — Plant  Exchange,  Flower  Market,  Photo- 
graphic Contest,  Lecture  on  Italian  Gardens,  Mr.  Loring  Under- 
wood's Slide  Exhibit  of  trees  and  flowers  and  an  illustrated  talk 
on  "French  Chateau  Gardens"  by  Mr.  George  Howe. 

Co-operation  with  the  two  adjacent  Clubs — The  Weeders 
and  The  Gardners  resulted  last  spring  in  a  Wild  Flower  Lecture 
Course  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  This  encouraged 
development  of  the  year's  great  accomplishment.  The  Fair- 
mount  Park  Commission  acted  favorably  on  a  suggestion  made 
by  the  Philadelphia  Garden  Club.  The  three  Clubs  working  in 
unison  developed  this  suggestion  into  a  definite  achievement.  The 
Clubs  had  Mr.  John  Wister  prepare  topographical  maps  and 
planting  plans  of  Wister's  Woods,  one  of  the  recent  acquisitions 
of  Fairmount  Park.  The  Clubs  jointly  financed  this  work,  pre- 
senting the  detailed  plans  to  the  Park  Commission  who  in  accept- 
ing them,  agreed  to  supply  and  plant  the  necessary  trees  and 
shrubs — guaranteeing  police  protection — thus  preparing  the  way 
for  the  long  desired  Wild  Flower  Sanctuary  in  Fairmount  Park. 

The  Philadelphia  Club  shared  with  The  Weeders  and  The 
Gardeners  the  honor  of  being  Hostess  for  the  Autumn  Meeting  of 
the  Garden  Club  of  America.  It  is  hoped  the  guests  enjoyed 
their  too  fleeting  visit  as  much  as  the  hostesses. 

Mrs.   Bayard  Henry, 
November  12th,  1921.  President. 

THE  PHILIPSTOWN   GARDEN   CLUB 

Eight  meetings  of  the  Club  were  held  during  the  year. 

The  programs  of  the  meetings  consisted  of  two  business  meet- 
ings, one  in  April  and  the  annual  meeting  in  October.  Of  a 
paper  on  "Bees,  Their  Care  and  Their  Use  in  a  Garden."  Of 
an  informal  Flower  Show,  for  Club  members  only,  in  June. 

A  Literary  Meeting  at  which  three  garden  essays  and  quota- 
tions from  garden  poetry  and  prose  dating  from  Solomon  to  the 
present  time  were  read.  The  criticism  by  Miss  Coykendal  of  the 
Ulster  Club  of  plans  drawn  by  members  for  perennial  borders, 
one  of  the  most  instructive  meetings  we  have  ever  held.  A  lunch, 
as  guests  of  the  Millbrook  Club,  at  which  an  illustrated  lecture 
was  given  by  Mr.  Underwood.  Funds  for  the  Club  were  raised 
at  one  meeting  by  the  auction  of  Maddona  Lily  bulbs. 

The  Annual  Dahlia  and  Flower  Show  was  successfully  held 
October  22d  at  the  Highlands  Country  Club  at  Garrisons. 

The  Wild  Flower  Committee  held  a  wild  flower  show  in  the 
spring  for  the  school  children,  made  a  splendid  exhibition  at  the 
Dahlia  Show,  and  held  a  competition,  with  thirty  three  entries, 

—  20  — 


for  the  best  composition  by  children  on  Wild  Flower  Preserva- 
tion. 

The  Garden  at  Constitution  Island  has  been  maintained  as 
before. 

Five  new  members  and  five  new  summer  members  have 
been  admitted. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

AlLEEN    OSBORN    WeBB 

President. 

THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  PRINCETON 

During  the  past  year  the  Garden  Club  of  Princeton  has  held 
its  usual  number  of  meetings — twelve  in  all — with  varied  and 
interesting  papers  written,  in  almost  every  instance,  by  our  own 
members.  The  Club's  activities  have  been  carried  on  along 
lines  similar  to  last  year.  The  French  Market  was  held,  as  here- 
tofore, in  the  public  square  on  Saturday  mornings  during  the 
spring  months,  and  the  proceeds  devoted  to  the  purchase  of 
books  on  horticulture  for  the  Public  Library.  The  Memorial 
Path  which  was  formally  completed  in  the  spring,  has  had  val- 
uable additions  to  its  planting,  by  our  enterprising  committee  for 
the  Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers,  and  only  the  wild  flowers 
indigenous  to  our  locality,  are  planted.  We,  as  a  Club,  have  en- 
joyed participation  with  our  sister  Clubs  of  New  Jersey,  in  their 
Flower  Shows,  and  we  are  planning  something  similar  for  next 
spring.  A  member  of  our  Club  held  a  very  successful  and  beauti- 
ful Rose  Show  in  June,  and  one  exhibitor  was  so  fortunate  as 
to  win  the  Medal  awarded  by  the  American  Rose  Society.  The 
Club  is  also  undertaking  the  planting  and  improving  of  the 
grounds  around  our  Princeton  Hospital  and  the  Nurses'  Home. 
We  feel  that  this  will  impart  an  atmosphere  of  cheer  and  com- 
fort so  much  needed  in  making  these  places  inviting  and  attrac- 
tive. 

Mrs.  George  Armour 
(Harriette  F.  Armour)  President. 

THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  RICHMOND 

The  Garden  Club  of  Richmond  held  its  last  meeting  for  the 
season  on  Tuesday,  October  the  Fourth.  Those  forming  its 
membership  are  residents  of  Pittsfield,  Dalton,  Adams,  Williams- 
town  and  Richmond.  It  was  founded  six  years  ago  by  Mrs.  W. 
Rockwood  Gibbs  of  Richmond. 

Due  possibly  to  the  added  stimulus  of  having  become  a  mem- 
ber club  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  this  little  club  has  had 

—  21  — 


the  most  interesting  and  progressive  season  in  its  history.  Twelve 
meetings  have  been  held,  and  at  all  but  one  the  subject  of  the  day 
has  been  handled  by  one  of  the  club  members. 

This  organization  is  much  interested  in  the  great  movement— 
the  preservation  of  wild  flowers,  and  to  this  end  has  purchased 
considerable  literature  for  the  furtherance  of  this  work.  Feel- 
ing that  education  along  these  lines  must  begin  with  the  children, 
pamphlets  and  pledges  have  been  given  out  to  the  various  schools 
in  Richmond  Furnace  and  West  Stockbridge  by  Mrs.  Ray  Wil- 
liams, in  Dalton  by  Mrs.  Zenas  Crane,  in  Pittsfield  by  Mrs.  Sam- 
uel D.  Colt,  in  Adams  by  Mrs.  Francis  U.  Stearns  and  in  Rich- 
mond by  Mrs.  W.  Rockwood  Gibbs. 

The  awards  for  the  year  were  as  follows : — ^Roses,  Mrs.  F. 
U.  Stearns  and  Mrs.  John  Spoor ;  Tulips,  first,  Mrs.  Gibbs,  sec- 
ond, Mrs.  Charles  Power ;  Rock  Flowers,  Mrs.  Samuel  Colt : 
Peonies,  Mrs.  Gibbs ;  Dahlias,  first,  Mrs.  Henry  Brewster,  sec- 
ond, Mrs.  Stearns,  third,  Mrs.  Harry  Russell ;  Chrysanthemums, 
Mrs.  Fred  Crane ;  Orchids,  Mr.  Arthur  Cooley. 

The  officers  are :  President,  Mrs.  W.  Rockwood  Gibbs ;  Sec- 
retary, Miss  Elizabeth  Hinsdale ;  Librarian,  Mrs.  Benjamin  Ellis 
Martin. 

THE  RIDGEFIELD  GARDEN  CLUB 

Our  Club  feels  it  has  had  a  successful  and  profitable  year. 

On  June  15th,  1921,  we  joined  for  the  first  time  the  other 
garden  clubs  of  Westchester  and  Fairfield  Counties  in  a  com- 
bined exhibition  held  at  the  Community  House  at  Purchase, 
N.  Y.,  which  proved  most  stimulating  in  its  interest  to  all  com- 
peting clubs. 

Our  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition  was  held  in  the  Town  Hall 
of  Ridgefield  on  September  9th,  1921,  and  we  were  gratified  to 
find  that  more  members  exhibited  than  ever  before. 

At  each  monthly  meeting  of  the  Club  during  the  summer, 
flower  exhibitions  have  been  held  and,  at  the  end  of  the  season, 
a  prize  was  given  to  the  member  who  won  the  most  number  of 
times  in  these  monthly  competitions. 

At  our  September  monthly  meeting  we  held  an  exhibition 
of  garden  plans  designed  by  some  of  our  members  which  were 
judged  by  popular  vote  and  also,  from  a  profession?!  standpoint, 
by  Mr.  Fletcher  Steele  of  Boston  who  was  most  delightful  and 
constructive  in  his  criticisms. 

The  Village  Improvement  Committee  has  vastly  improved 
the  appearance   of  the  Town   Hall   by  construction,  as   well  as 

—  22  — 


planting,  and  their  future  plans  include  much  that  will  help  to 
beautify  our  town. 

Sarah  Tod  Bulkley, 
(Mrs.  Jonathan  Bulkley)  President. 

THE  RUMSON  GARDEN  CLUB, 
RUMSON,  NEW  JERSEY 

The  last  meeting  of  the  season  of  the  Rumson  Garden  Club 
was  held  on  October  13th.  We  have  had  a  very  successful  year. 
Two  very  good  shows  were  held,  one  in  June  and  one  in  Sep- 
tember. The  June  show  was  very  remarkable  for  its  Delphin- 
ium, which  were  unusually  beautiful,  very  tall  and  well  grown, 
also  the  roses  which  were  very  lovely.  In  the  September  show, 
the  Dahlia  was  wonderfully  represented  with  some  new  and  very 
special  varieties. 

Our  Children's  Garden  for  the  Public  School  children  com- 
menced in  May  with  72  children,  ending  with  an  exhibit  of  45 
children  showing  vegetables  for  which  the  best  received  prizes. 
We  feel  this  work  can  be  continued  with  success,  but  not  neces- 
sary to  have  a  paid  teacher  as  heretofore.  We  have  had  several 
Field  Days,  which  were  most  charming,  the  hostesses  opening 
their  houses  and  gardens  to  the  club  members.  In  September, 
we  had  a  very  interesting  lecture  on  Iris  and  Lilies  given  by 
Mr.  Arthur  Herrington.  We  now  have  37  colored  lantern  slides 
in  our  collection,  many  of  them  very  lovely  views  of  the  mem- 
bers' gardens. 

Francis  T.  Riker, 
(Mrs.  Samuel  Riker,  Jr.)  President. 

Nov.  14,  1921. 


HARDY  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  RUXTON,  MARYLAND 

The  Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton,  has  just  ended  a  very 
active  year.  Fourteen  meetings  were  held  at  which  there  were 
either  special  speakers  or  exhibitions,  often  both.  There  were 
twelve  exhibitions  altogether,  three  being  in  conjunction  with 
other  garden  clubs,  all  culminating  in  the  Flower  Show  to  which 
certain  other  clubs  were  asked  to  join  and  ten  competed  for  the 
Bronze  Medal  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  This  was  won 
by  one  of  our  own  members,  Mrs.  Ernest  Dinning.  Incidently, 
it  is  the  first  time  in  Maryland  that  this  award  has  been  offered. 

We  conducted  a  successful  booth  at  the  Annual  Flower  Mart 
of  the  Civic  League  in  Baltimore,  in  the  spring  and  won  prizes  at 

—  23  — 


Tiitionium  County  Fair  in  the  fall,  for  exhibits  of  flowers  and 

vegetables. 

This  has  been  our  first  year  under  a  revised  set  of  by-laws. 
In  addition,  our  President,  Mrs.  Louis  O'Donnell,  inaugurated 
a  committee  system  of  government  by  which  the  different  activ- 
ities of  the  Club  were  looked  after  by  six  committees,  each  com- 
posed of  a  chairman  and  two  members,  thus  creating  a  body  of 
interested  and  active  members  larger  than  ever  before. 

Mrs.  Ernest  D.  Levering 

Recording  Secretary. 


RYE  GARDEN  CLUB 

From  March  1,  1921  to  October  11th,  1921,  inclusive,  the 
Rye  Garden  Club  held  six  regular  and  five  special  meetings. 

The  regular  meetings  included : 

1. — A  lecture  by  Miss  Alderson. 

2. — A  lecture  by  Mr.  Gilbert  Pearson  on  Birds — (to  this  the 
children  of  members  were  invited). 

3. — An  illustrated  lecture  by  Mr.  Loring  Underwood  on 
the  Arnold  Arboretum. 

4. — A  talk  by  Mr.  Otto  Thilow  on  Practical  Gardening,  and 

5. — A  plant  exchange  held  on  June  1st,  1921. 

The  special  meetings  consisted  of  two  field  days,  an  evening 
meeting  to  which  the  husbands  of  club  members  were  invited, 
and  at  which  colored  slides  were  shown  of  the  Rye,  North  Shore 
and  Illinois  Gardens,  and  two  flower  shows,  one  of  which  was 
the  combined  flower  show  held  June  15,  1921  at  the  Purchase 
Community  House  participated  in  by  the  Garden  Clubs  of  Rye, 
New  Canaan,  Ridgefield,  Mt.  Kisco  and  Greenwich. 

On  May  15th,  1921  the  Rye  Garden  Club  acted  as  the  host- 
ess club  to  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Under  public  enterprises  a  lecture  was  given  at  the  Public 
School  in  Rye  during  the  spring  of  1921,  on  the  preservation  of 
wild  flowers,  and  the  Rye  Library  was  supplied  with  flowers  by 
club  members  during  the  three  summer  months. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Slides  Committee  has  had  fourteen 
aew  colored  slides  prepared  of  the  Rye  Gardens,  making  twenty- 
seven  slides  in  all  now  available. 

Grace  W.  T.  Putnam,  President. 
1920  and  1921. 

—  24  — 


THE  SHAKER  LAKES  GARDEN  CLUB 
OF  CLEVELAND 

Our  outstanding  achievement  this  year  has  been  the  start- 
ing of  our  Wild  Flower  Preserve.  A  beautiful  spot  has  been 
chosen.  Many  wild  flowers,  shrubs,  vines,  and  trees  are  planted 
and  plans  made  for  many  more.  We  feel  it  will  one  day  be  a 
lovely  summer  afternoon  visits  to  members'  gardens;  delightful 
love,  and  preserve  all  wild  growing  things. 

We  have  had  two  flower  shows — dahlia  and  chrysanthemum ; 
lovely  summer  afternoon  visits  to  members'  gardens ;  delightful 
speakers — with  slides — on  "Iris,"  "Chrysanthemums,"  "Seeds," 
"Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers,"  and  "Small  Gardens." 

Two  original  papers  were  given — one  on  "Dahlias"  and  one 
on  "The  History  of  the  Art  of  Gardening." 

We  have  made  a  new  constitution  this  year,  increased  our 
membership  not  to  exceed  100  and  our  dues  to  $10.00. 

We  have  written  Senators  and  Congressmen  urging  their 
vote  against  the  desecration  of  parks  and  water  ways. 

Our  disapproval  of  the  bill  board  resolution  was  voiced  to 
advertisers. 

Money  has  been  sent  for  maintainence  of  shipping  stations 
when  protests  to  Quarantine  No.  37  were  of  no  avail. 

Our  connection  with  the  Garden  Club  of  America  has  widen- 
ed our  interest.  Visits  to  their  meetings  and  gardens  always  in- 
spire us  to  greater  and  better  efforts. 

Katharine  F.  Ball 
(Mrs.  Flamen  Ball) 

Secretary. 

GARDEN  CLUB  OF  SANTA  BARBARA  AND 
MONTECITO 

Failed  to  Report 

THE  SHORT  HILLS  GARDEN  CLUB 

A  review  of  our  Club  year  indicates  two  things  that  stand 
out  as  worthy  of  notice. 

The  raising  of  our  dues  to  Ten  Dollars  for  Active  Members, 
Five  Dollars  for  Associate  Members  and  a  small  initiation  fee. 
This  was  accomplished  possibly  against  the  judgment  of  some, 
but  the  result  has  been  most  happy,  the  Club  is  self-supporting. 

The  Topics  Committee  has  instilled  new  life  and  interest 

—  25  — 


by  giving  everyone  something  to  do.  For  each  meeting  two 
members  write,  or  otherwise  prepare,  articles  from  different 
angles  of  some  timely  subject,  protesting,  and  urging  lack  of 
knowledge,  they  are  answered  by  "You  will  know  when  you 
have  prepared  your  subject."  This  research  work  brings  our 
heretofore  somewhat  moss-grown  library  into  active  use.  There 
will  also  be  competitive  Garden  Designing  for  the  winter  months. 
Cooperation  with  other  New  Jersey  Garden  Clubs  in  two 
Flower  Shows,  our  own  Dahlia  Show  and  exhibiting  in  Shows 
in  which  The  Garden  Club  of  America  was  interested  brings  what 
we  feel  to  be  our  most  successful  year  to  a  close. 

Anne  P.  Stewart 

President. 
October  5,  1921.  Bernardsville,  New  Jersey 

THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  SOMERSET  HILLS 

Eight  regular  meetings. 

Four  special  meetings. 

Two  lectures  with  slides. 

One  by  Mrs.  Nathaniel  Britton ;  subject.  "Wild  Flowers  and 
Trees." 

One  by  Mr.  Farrington ;  subject,  "Flowering  Trees." 

Two  Successful  Sales  of  Surplus  Stock. 

Questionnaire  from  which  resulted  schedule  for  1921. 

Competed  for  the  special  prize  offered  by  Mr.  Newbold  at 
the  New  York  Horticultural  Show  for  a  Bird  Bath  with  Plant- 
ing. 

Hostess  Club  for  the  North  Jersey  Rose  Show  on  June  15th. 

Matilda  H.  Lloyd 
(Mrs.  Francis  G.  Lloyd) 

SOUTHAMPTON   GARDEN   CLUB 

Schedule  of  the  Southampton  Garden  Club  Summer  1921 

Wednesday,  June  22d — 

At  the  residence  of  the  President  at  three  o'clock.  Busi- 
ness meeting,  summer  plans  formed. 

Wednesday,  July  13th — 

At  the  School  House  Auditorium.  Large  public  meet- 
ing for  children  and  grown-ups.  Mrs.  Sage,  representing 
National  Association  of  Audubon  Societies  spoke  on  our 
native  and  migratory  bird  neighbors. 

—  26  — 


Wednesday,  July  27th — 

At  Mrs.  Peter  B.  Wyckoff's  at  which  Mr.  John  C.  Woos- 
ter,  President  of  the  American  Iris  Club,  lectured  and 
showed  beautiful  colored  slides. 

Wednesday,  August  10th — 

Interesting  experience  meeting  at  Mrs.  Henderson's. 

Tuesday,  August  30th — 

Joint  Dahlia  Show  at  East  Hampton  of  the  East  Hamp- 
ton and  Southampton  Garden  Clubs.  Large  display  of 
beautiful  flowers  and  good  public  attendance.  Special 
classes  for  local  and  permanent  residents. 

Wednesday,  September  7th — 

Meeting  at  Mrs.  Mulford's  at  which  slides  furnished  by 
the  Garden  Club  of  America  were  shown. 

Saturday,  September  17th — 

Business  meeting  at  the  President's  house.  Last  meet- 
ing of  the  season. 

Emily  Willis  Robbins, 

(Mrs.  Harry  Pelham  Robbins)  President. 

SOUTH  SIDE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  LONG  ISLAND 

The  South  Side  Garden  Club  of  Long  Island  has  entered 
the  sixth  year  of  its  existence,  and  the  past  year  has  been  its  most 
successful  one. 

Five  lectures,  two  Flower  Shows  and  one  Vegetable  Show 
have  been  held.  At  one  of  the  Flower  Shows  the  Bronze  Medal 
offered  by  The  G.  C.  of  A.  was  competed  for  and  won  by  one  of 
the  members  for  a  wonderful  exhibition  of  Dahlias. 

We  have  found  out  what  sort  of  lectures  are  most  useful 
to  the  members,  which  was  discovered  by  an  expression  of  opin- 
ion of  the  members.  We  know  we  do  not  feel  we  get  as  much 
benefit  from  an  illustrated  lecture  as  we  do  from  those  which 
demonstrate  some  sort  of  planting,  and  handling  of  bulbs,  plants, 
etc.  by  the  lecturer. 

This  last  kind  create  the  greater  enthusiasm. 

It  seems  impossible  to  get  hold  of  the  interest  of  the  entire 
Club,  but  more  members  are  dong  their  "Bit"  this  year  than  last, 
and  perhaps  in  time  each  and  every  one  will  take  on  some  respon- 
sibility, as  it  is  only  in  this  manner  that  the  Club  members  will 
realize  that  we  are  able  to  achieve  greater  success. 

In  closing  I  can  truthfully  say  that  those  members  who  have 
given  their  help,  have  been  untiring  in  their  work  which  has 
been  of  the  best. 

Florence  B.  B.  Lentilhor,  President. 

—  27  — 


THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  ST.  LOUIS 

The  Garden  Club  of  St.  Louis  held  eight  regular  meetings 
during  the  year  1920-21  at  which  various  subjects  were  discus- 
sed. 

On  October  12th,  1920,  Dr.  Herman  Von  Schrenk  gave  a 
very  interesting  illustrated  lecture  on — 

"Trees  of  the  Pacific  Coast." 

On  January  18th,  1921,  Dr.  George  T.  Moore  of  the  Missouri 
Botanical  Gardens  addressed  the  Club  on  the  subject  of  "Fertil- 
izers for  Lawn  and  Garden." 

On  Febrauary  15th,  1921,  Mr.  John  Noyes  of  the  Missouri 
Botanical  Gardens  gave  a  talk  on — 

"Garden  Decorations." 
illustrated. 

At  the  meeting  of  March  12th,  1921,  two  of  our  members 
made  instructive  talks.  Mrs.  R.  H.  Switzler  on  "Rose  Culture," 
and  Mr.  E.  H.  Angert  on  "Iris." 

On  April  19th,  1921,  Dr.  Herman  Von  Schrenk  talked  on 
"Garden  Pests  and  their  Prevention  and  Cure." 

May  17th,  1921,  Mrs.  O.  K.  Bovard  read  a  very  interesting 
and  instructive  paper  on  "Peonies." 

On  May  21st  and  22d  the  second  annual  Flower  Show  was 
held  in  the  Floral  Display  House  at  Shaw's  (The  Missouri  Bo- 
tanical) Garden.  This  show  included  both  Commercial  and 
Amateur  growers  and  was  very  successful. 

Informal  Garden  meetings  were  held  during  May  at  the 
homes  of  Dr.  Herman  Von  Schrenk  and  Mr.  E.  H.  Angert. 

W.  N.  Matthews 

Secretary. 

THE  SUMMIT  GARDEN  CLUB 

During  the  year  the  club  has  held  ten  regular  meetings,  and 
several  special  meetings.  For  speakers  we  have  had  Mr.  Leonard 
Barron,  Miss  Elizabeth  Leighton  Lee,  Director  of  the  Ambler 
School  of  Horticulture  and  Mr.  Farquhar  of  Boston.  Papers 
were  read  from  various  sources  including  some  from  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  Library  at  Short  Hills,  New  Jersey. 

Last  winter  our  club  received  Honorable  Mention  for  an 
exhibit  in  "The  Competitive  Section  for  a  Vase  or  Basket  of  Cut 
Flowers"  at  the  International  Flower  Show  in  New  York.  In 
June  we  won  twelve  ribbons  and  two  prizes  at  the  Somerset 
Hills'  Rose  Show. 

—  28  — 


On  October  19th,  The  Club  held  its  first  flower  show.  The 
hearty  co-operation  we  received  from  the  Garden  Clubs  of  Short 
Hills,  Somerset  Hills,  Princeton,  Rumson  and  Trenton  was  the 
greatest  inspiration  and  made  the  show  a  very  successful  affair. 
There  were  seventy-three  {72>)  exhibitors;  of  these  only 
seven  were  professionals.  The  proceeds  from  this  show  go  to 
the  "Lest  We  Forget  Committee." 

No  new  members  were  admitted  during  the  year  and  through 
deaths  and  resignations  we  have  lost  three  members  making  our 
total  twenty-three  members  with  a  limited  membership  of  thirty. 

Helen  Page  Wodell 
(Mrs.  Ruthven  A.  Wodell)  Secretary. 

21  Edgewood  Road 
Summit,  N.  J.  November  12,  1921. 

THE  GARDEN  CLUB,  TRENTON 

During  the  past  year  the  Garden  Club  of  Trenton  has  had 
seven  regular  meetings,  with  several  papers  written  by  members. 
At  one  meeting  Mrs.  Nathaniel  Britton  gave  a  delightful  lecture 
on  "The  Preservation  of  Our  Native  Wild  Flowers."  The  Wild 
Flower  Preservation  Committee  obtained  permission  for  the  Club 
to  establish  a  wild  flower  reservation  in  the  park,  and  the  April 
meeting  was  devoted  to  collecting  and  planting  wild  flowers  in 
the  ravine. 

A  small  Flower  Show  for  Club  members  was  held  in  May 
and  there  were  six  classes  of  exhibits.  Ribbons  were  awarded, 
and  some  very  creditable  exhibits  were  shown. 

The  Club  collected  money  to  supplement  the  planting  started 
the  year  before  around  the  Old  Barracks. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Gertrude  G.  Vroom 

Secretary. 

THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  TWENTY 

The  Garden  Club  of  Twenty  has  completed  a  most  success- 
ful year,  and  the  members  have  shown  great  interest.  The  new 
Committee  recently  appointed  by  the  Garden  Club  of  America  on 
"Co-operation  and  Suggestion"  has  given  our  Club  a  new  impetus, 
and  we  have  already  formed  a  Committee  and  become  active  in 
endeavoring  to  suggest  the  planting  of  new  trees  in  our  most  cher- 
ished Washington  Square,  where  the  trees  are  now  dying,  due  to 
careless  handling ;  also  we  hope  to  boycott  the  billboard  industry, 
where  ever  it  interferes  with  the  scenic  beauty. 

—  29  — 


Our  past  activities  have  been  chiefly  work  at  the  Flower 
Mart,  where  our  booth  received  the  Alice  Whiteridge  Garrett 
Medal  for  the  best  color  scheme  and  plant  arrangement. 

We  exhibited  at  the  Flower  Show  at  Ruxton  and  competed 
for  the  bronze  medal  offered  by  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  our 
club  receiving  a  first  and  second  prize  for  delphiniums. 

Our  most  successful  effort  is  the  judging  of  our  gardens 
by  an  expert  gardner  in  no  way  interested  in  our  club.  We 
compete  for  six  prizes. 

Most  Artistic  Garden. 

Most  Blooms  in  Garden. 

Best  kept  Garden. 

Color  Scheme  in  Garden. 

Condition  of  Plants  in  Garden. 

Best  Water  Garden. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
Mrs.  W.  Champlin  Robinson 

President. 

ULSTER  GARDEN  CLUB 

An  exhibit  of  garden  slides  of  our  own  gardens,  prepared 
and  colored  by  one  of  our  members,  was  given  early  in  the  spring, 
followed  soon  after  by  another  exhibit  of  slides  of  wild  flowers, 
prepared  by  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  and  procured  for  us 
through  generosity  of  one  of  our  members.  These  slides  were 
later  shown  at  the  High  School. 

During  the  season  the  club  made  a  gift  of  twenty  window 
boxes,  filled  with  flowers  to  the  Tuberculosis  Hospital. 

Competitive  floral  exhibits  both  for  arrangement  and  for 
best  specimens,  have  been  held  in  the  club  during  the  summer. 
We  have  also  had  the  privilege  of  exhibiting  in  one  of  the  large 
store  windows  in  Kingston. 

Through  interest  of  one  of  our  members,  a  "Little  Gardens 
Club"  has  been  started,  and  we  have  helped  in  mothering  this 
club  by  distributing  flowers  and  plants  from  surplus  stock,  and 
in  showing  our  interest  where  needed. 

One  of  our  members  gave  a  delightful  luncheon  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Millbrook,  Short  Hills,  Phillipstown  and  Ulster  Gar- 
den Clubs  after  which  local  gardens  were  visited.  Shortly  after 
we  motored  to  Millbrook  for  luncheon  with  the  Millbrook  Club 
at  "Thornedale"  and  listened  later  to  a  delightful  talk  by  Mr. 
Loring  Underwood. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Isabel  S.  Warren 

Secretary. 

—  30  — 


THE  WARRENTON  GARDEN  CLUB 

The  Warrenton  Garden  Club  has  just  completed  its  four- 
teenth year.  We  have  had  the  usual  variety  of  meetings  and 
lectures,  but  our  greatest  pleasure  was  being  hostess  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Garden  Clubs  of  Virginia,  and  the  next  day  visit- 
ing the  Fauquier  and  Loudoun  gardens. 

There  are  nine  Virginia  clubs  in -this  Federation  and  one 
hundred  and  twenty  members  were  present  at  the  annual  meeting. 

Our  greatest  achievement  will  be  the  planting  of  our  Court 
House  Square  and  Main  Street  with  Norway  maples.  The  trees 
are  ordered  and  grudging  permission  from  the  town  council  se- 
cured, so  the  work  should  be  done  when  this  is  in  print. 

Fourteen  colored  slides  were  sent  to  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  and  four  members  were  present  at  the  annual  meeting 
in  Philadelphia. 

Mary   P.   A.    Appleton. 

President. 

WASHINGTON  GARDEN  CLUB 

Among  the  activities  and  privileges  of  the  season  1920-21 
were  the  following: 

A  delightful  meeting  with  six  other  clubs  at  Thorndale  at 
the  invitation  of  Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne. 

A  wild  flower  preservation  meeting. 

Lecture  on  "What  is  New  in  the  Garden"  by  Mr.  Edward 
J.  Farrington.     (Valuable  to  all  clubs). 

A  meeting  discussing  Garden  Club  of  America  matters. 
Mrs.  Gage  of  Litchfield  assisted  at  this. 

A  fascinating  talk  on  ferns  by  Professor  Evans  of  the  Yale 
Botany  Department. 

Newspaper  publicity  in  regard  to  preserving  wild  flowers. 

A  letter  to  the  Society  of  Landscape  Architects  calling  at- 
tention to  the  use  of  laurel  in  their  last  exhibition  and  the  need 
of  conserving  it.  A  courteous  reply  came  requesting  literature 
on  preservation.     This  was  sent. 

Establishing  the  La  Rue  Holmes  Nature  League  in  the 
schools  through  the  field  agent  Mrs.  Turton,  who  spoke  convinc- 
ingly and  aroused  the  children's  interest. 

Exhibition  of  slides  showing  gardens  of  sister  clubs  and 
discussion  of  books  on  garden  subjects. 

Our  "community  work"  took  the  form  of  presenting  books 
to  the  village  library  and  the  village  green  with  good  looking 
waste  paper  baskets  of  iron. 

M.  V.   K.  Shipman 

President,    1920-21. 

—  31  — 


THE  "WEEDERS" 

The  year  1921  has  been  a  very  active  and  successful  one  for 
the  "Weeders."    Our  schedule,  which  included  four  lectures  by 

outsiders,  two  club  papers,  three  flower  shows  and  two  trips, 
proved  most  interesting.  We  have  had  meetings  every  two 
weeks,  and  the  work  of  our  Wild  Flower  Committee  is  espec- 
ially to  be  commended.  This  committee  took  a  summer  course 
on  the  study  of  Ferns  and  Wild  Flowers,  and  the  Club,  as  a 
whole,  has  co-operated  with  the  two  other  local  clubs,  in  contrib- 
uting and  interesting  themselves  in  a  big  piece  of  civic  work — 
the  planning  and  planting  of  a  Wild  Flower  preserve  in  Wister's 
Woods,  which  is  now  under  the  control  of  the  Fairmount  Park 
Commission.  The  Slide  Committee  have  so  far  twelve  garden 
slides  and  hope  to  have  more  by  spring.  Interest  still  continues 
in  the  planting  done  by  the  Club  in  the  corner  lot  next  to  the  Pro- 
Cathedral  Church. 

The  Weeders  had  their  usual  booth  at  the  Annual  Ritten- 
house  Square  Flower  Market  last  May,  and  helped  largely  to- 
wards making  this  the  most  successful  year  in  its  history. 

Our  membership  has  been  increased  to  fifty  this  year.  We 
have  attended  both  the  spring  and  the  fall  meetings  of  the  Gar- 
den Club  of  America,  and  enjoyed  the  privilege  this  year  of  act- 
ing as  one  of  the  hostesses  at  the  business  meeting  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  in  Philadelphia. 

Martha  Pepper  Stengel 
(Mrs.  Alfred) 

President. 


THE  GARDEN  CLUB  OF  WILMINGTON 

During  the  past  year  we  have  held  twelve  meetings. 

Columbine,  Iris,  Peonies,  Roses,  Sweet  Peas  and  Dahlias 
have  been  shown  in  club  competition.  An  arrangement  of 
flowers  in  Vase  was  shown  at  the  International  Flower  Show  in 
New  York. 

Illustrated  lectures  by  Miss  Emily  Exley  on  Wild  Flowers 
and  Mr.  Christian  Van  der  Voet  on  Shrubs  were  given  before 
the  Club  and  a  limited  number  of  guests. 

Co-operating  with  The  New  Century  Club  and  The  Natural 
History  Society,  we  had  an  open  lecture  on  Birds  by  Mr.  Ernest 
Harold  Baynes.  All  schools  were  asked  to  send  one  teacher  and 
a  limited  number  of  nature  students.  This  lecture  met  with  such 
an  enthusiastic  response  that  we  hope  to  hold  one  similar  this 
year. 

—  32  — 


We  were  asked  by  the  Weeders  of  Philadelphia  to  meet  with 
them  at  a  Wild  Flower  meeting  at  Mrs.  Clarence  Warden's  and 
were  delightfully  entertained  at  luncheon  by  our  hostess  preced- 
ing the  meeting. 

Co-operating  with  the  Park  Board  we  are  planting  another 
triangle  and  have  continued  the  work  of  The  Community  Gar- 
dens for  the  Cultivation  of  Vacant  Lots. 

Sixteen  of  our  members  attended  the  very  inspiring  autumn 
meeting  in  Philadelphia  of  The  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Alice   Lea   Spruance 
(Mrs.  William  C.  Spruance) 

President. 


—  33^ 


PRINTED    IN    U.    S.    A.      LI8SO   &    HARTIG.    N     Y. 


ANNUAL  MEETING  NUMBER 
1920 

Bulletin  ot 

Zhc  (3ar6en  Club 

of  Hmerica 

July,  1920  No.  V  (New  Series) 

President  ist  Vice-President 

MRS.  S.  V.  R.  CROSBY  MRS.  SAMUEL  SLOAN 

OS  Beacon  Street,  Boston  and  4S  E.  53d  Street,  New  York,  and 

Manchester,  Mass.  Garrison,  New  York 

Treasurer  and  Vice-President 

MRS.  HUGH  D.  AUCHINCLOSS  MRS.  JOHN  A.  STEWART,  Jr. 

33    E.    67TH    Street,    New  York,    and  Short  Hills^  New  Jersey 

Newport,  R.  I.  ^^d  Vice-President 

Secretary  MRS.  SAMUEL  H.  TAFT 

MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT  3329  Morrison  Avenue 

820  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York,  and  Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  ^i^,  Vice-President 

Librarian  MRS.  FRANCIS  B.  CROWINSHIELD 

MRS.  FREDERICK  L.  RHODES  164  Marlboro  St.,  Boston,  Mass., 

Short  Hills,  N.  J.  and  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Editor 

MRS.   WALTER  S.   BREWSTER 

1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  and  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 

Midsummer. 

Bright  falls  the  sunshine  on  the  living  land; 

It  is  the  high  tide  of  the  happy  year; 

The  long,  sweet  days  change  into  nights  so  clear 
That  heaven  seems  leaning  to  our  lifted  hand. 
Each  sentient  creature  in  his  measure  knows 

The  high  tide  of  the  utmost  joy  of  life; 

No  longer  with  the  elements  at  strife. 
All  revel  in  the  bliss  each  hour  bestows. 

The  soft,  deep  grasses  ripple  like  the  sea; 
The  south  wind  dreams  among  the  fair,  glad  flowers; 
Thick  plumes  of  verdure  crown  each  stately  tree; 

Birds  come  and  go  among  the  leafy  bowers; 
And  evermore  we  wonder:   "Can  it  be 

That  heaven  is  faire^  than  this  world  of  ours?^' 
— Poem  quoted  by  the  President  in  opening  the  first  Business  Meeting  of  the  Annual 
Meeting  of  igzo. 


History  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 

Since  Its  Foundation  in  May,  1913 

Read  by  the  President,  Mrs.  Martin,  at  the  First  Business  Meeting 

of  the  Annual  Meeting  of  1920 

Nearly  sixteen  years  ago  there  swept  across  this  Country  a  rage 
for  gardening.  Helena  Rutherford  Ely,  one  of  the  first  Vice-Presidents 
of  the  Garden  Club  or  America,  had  in  the  Woman's  Hardy  Garden 
inspired  and  bidden  the  women  to  care  for  and  work  in  their 
gardens.  The  call  was  answered,  and  bedding-out  plants  (the  joy 
of  the  professional  gardener)  disappeared,  and  in  their  places  came 
Delphinium,  Columbine,  Fox-glove  and  hundreds  of  other  charming 
plants  which  had  once  blossomed  in  our  grandmothers'  gardens  but 
had  long  been  neglected  or  forgotten.  With  our  own  hands  we  sowed 
the  seeds  and  planted  the  tiny  seedlings  in  the  permanent  borders, 
and  had  the  joy  of  seeing  them  bloom;  then  we  lived  among  the 
beauty  of  these  new  found  friends. 

Rarely  does  it  come  to  one  to  see  visions  and  dream  dreams,  and 
have  them  come  true.  One  day,  while  in  her  garden,  to  Ernestine 
Goodman  (First  Secretary  of  this  Club)  the  vision  was  given  of  bring- 
ing together  these  women  who  were  really  interested  in  their  gardens, 
and  forming  a  club  for  mutual  help  and  inspiration.  Through  her 
efforts,  in  April,  1904,  the  Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia  was  organized, 
the  first  in  this  Country.  Cuttings  of  its  sturdy  stock  took  root  in 
many  places,  and  others  sprung  up  from  the  ground  and  grew  in  all 
parts  of  the  land. 

I  now  quote  from  the  Minutes  of  the  first  meeting:  ''In  1913 
the  Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia  sent  a  letter  to  the  several  Clubs, 
geographically  chosen,  inviting  their  representatives  to  be  guests  of 
the  Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia  and  share  in  the  privilege  of  creating 
a  national  Garden  Club.  Thus  was  set  up  the  loom  on  which,  we  hope, 
the  Garden  Clubs  of  the  country  may  weave  a  many-colored  fabric 
of  beauty  and  deHght  and  knowledge.  The  invitations  were  accepted, 
the  ladies  came,  courteously  deferred  to  our  seniority,  and  cordially 
seconded  our  effort.  For  two  days  they  were  whisked  about  from 
garden  to  garden  and  party  to  party,  charming  and  charmed;  and 
never  did  Philadelphia  smile  so  sweetly  or  bloom  so  fragrantly. " 

The  Amateur  Gardeners  of  Baltimore,  represented  by  Mrs.  John 
Ridgeley,  the  Garden  Club  of  Bedford,  N.  Y.,  represented  by  Mrs. 
Henry  Marquand,  the  Gardeners  of  Montgomery  and  Delaware 
Counties,  Pennsylvania,  represented  by  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Ludington, 
the  Garden  Club  of  Green  Spring  Valley,  Maryland,  represented  by 
Miss  Fanny  McLane,  the  Garden  Club  of  Illinois,  represented  by  Mrs. 
Cyrus  Hall  McCormick  and  Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster,  the  Garden 


Club  of  Michigan,  represented  by  Mrs.  Francis  King,  Mrs.  Andrew  H. 
Green  and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Chittenden,  the  Garden  Club  of  Orange  and 
Dutchess  Counties,  New  York,  represented  by  Mrs.  Alfred  Ely,  the 
Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia,  represented  by  Mrs.  C.  Stewart  Patter- 
son, Mrs.  J.  WilHs  Martin,  Mrs.  Charles  Biddle,  Mrs.  Bayard  Henry, 
Mrs.  Henry  Middleton  Fisher,  Mrs.  B.  Franklin  Pepper,  and  Miss 
Ernestine  Goodman,  the  Garden  Club  of  Princeton,  New  Jersey, 
represented  by  Mrs.  Archibald  Russell  and  Mrs.  Allan  Marquand,  the 
Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  New  Jersey,  represented  by  Mrs.  John  A. 
Stewart,  Jr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  B.  Ren  wick,  the  Garden  Club  of  War- 
renton,  Virginia,  represented  by  Mrs.  Samuel  A.  Appleton  and  the 
Weeders  of  Pennsylvania,  represented  by  Miss  Ellen  Wilhams,  were 
the  twelve  founders. 

The  prehminary  meeting  of  god-mothers  was  held  at  Mrs.  Bayard 
Henry's,  after  a  most  delicious  luncheon  fragrant  with  flowers,  with 
pictures  of  beautiful  old  "Wick"  at  our  places  and  the  pinkest  of 
tablets  and  pencils  to  make  our  notes  couleur  de  rose.  At  dessert 
Mrs.  Patterson  graciously  welcomed  the  guests  and  read  Mrs.  Wool- 
ston's  poem — The  Guild  of  the  Gardeners — of  which  we  are  justly 
proud.  A  draft  of  the  objects  of  the  general  Club  was  oflFered  for 
discussion,  and  Mrs.  Martin  then  presented  two  methods  of  organiza- 
tion; the  first,  on  informal  and  strictly  social  Hnes,  the  other  broadly 
undertaken  in  the  certainty  of  great  future  expansion.  The  object 
of  the  Club  was  voted  on  as  a  whole  and  accepted.  It  was  voted  that 
each  Club  should  keep  its  own  type  of  membership.  A  plan  to  organize 
on  a  state  basis  was  not  approved  on  the  ground  of  possible  local 
jealousies.  SimpUcity  of  organization  was  recommended.  The  title 
of  the  new  League  was  discussed  and  several  names  proposed  for 
ballot.  The  meaning  of  the  word  Guild  was  discussed. 

A  ballot  making  Mrs.  C.  Stuart  Patterson,  Honorary  President, 
Mrs.  J.  WilKs  Martin,  President,  and  Miss  Goodman,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  was  carried.  Mrs.  Ely  of  New  York,  Mrs.  Russell  of 
New  Jersey,  Mrs.  King  of  Michigan,  and  Mrs.  Brewster  of  IlHnois 
were  elected  Vice-Presidents. 

It  was  voted  to  make  the  dues  fifty  cents  per  capita.  All  further 
organization  was  left  to  the  Executive  Committee.  Here  ended  the 
first  day,  and  the  meeting  adjourned  to  the  motors,  having  stroUed 
in  Mrs.  Henry's  garden  with  much  pleasure  before  luncheon. 

Visiting  first  Mrs.  Woodward's  place,  where  the  dog-woods  and 
the  wall  garden  were  in  magnificent  bloom,  then  Mrs.  Taylor's  gardens, 
smnptuously  enclosed  in  the  great  box- wood  hedges.and passing  through 
Mrs.  Clark's  lovely  place  of  which  we  saw  all  too  httle,  we  finally 
congregated  for  tea  at  Mrs.  Willing's,  where  other  ladies  were  invited 
to  meet  our  guests.    Surely  never  was  any  organization  so  agreeably 

3 


and  harmoniously  ushered  into  being;  the  garden  rage  achieved  it, 
tempered  by  the  garden  peace,  in  its  beginnings  at  least.  The  May-day 
festivities  were  no  less  successful.  The  new  Executive  Committee 
met  at  Stenton  in  the  morning  and  were  led  reluctantly  to  lunch, 
still  organizing,  so  congenial  seemed  their  task.  The  first  motion  by 
Mrs.  King,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Brewster,  that  the  central  organization 
remain  permanently  in  Philadelphia,  was  carried. 

A  motion  was  carried  to  take  the  following  subjects  for  considera- 
tion during  the  first  year: — Grass,  Forestry  and  the  Structural  Use 
of  Green  in  Grounds  and  Gardens.  A  motion  was  carried  to  encourage 
and  press  the  use  of  the  Color  Chart.  The  exchange  of  calenders  was 
advocated.  It  was  voted  that  Clubs  might  be  admitted  at  this  meet- 
ing, and  the  following  Clubs  were  accordingly  elected: — Lenox  Gar- 
den Club,  Trenton  Garden  Club,  Southampton  Garden  Club,  Cleve- 
land Garden  Club  and  Ann  Arbor  Garden  Club.  The  meeting  then 
adjourned. 

At  luncheon  an  informal  ballot  was  taken  on  several  names 
suggested  for  the  heroine  of  this  tale,  and  Garden  Guild  was  chosen, 
but  owing  to  many  objections  the  final  settlement  was  reserved  for 
further  consideration.  With  the  meeting  at  Stenton  the  conference 
ended  and  the  delighted  guests  and  their  delighted  hosts  cast  care  to 
the  winds.  At  the  memorable  feast  then  set  forth,  the  Garden  Club 
of  Princeton  were  guests  of  honor,  and  the  receiving  ladies  were 
honored  by  the  assistance  of  several  ladies  of  the  Colonial  Dames 
who  have  had  in  hand  the  good  work  of  preserving  Stenton  and 
replanting  the  old  garden.  The  tables  laden  with  good  things  of  the 
olden  time,  fulfilled  the  visions  evoked  by  the  quaint  invitations  and 
menu-cards  which  bore  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  Stenton. 

On  a  May-day  of  divine  beauty  in  the  very  home  of  ancestral 
garden  culture,  a  banquet  of  enthusiastic  friends,  brought  by  Mrs. 
Wright's  paper  on  the  experiences  of  the  Planter  of  Stenton  to  a 
realization  of  the  noble  past  this  young  club  is  heir  to.  So  was  joy- 
ously ushered  into  being,  the  "Gaeden  Club  op  America.  " 

Immediately  after  its  organization  meeting,  our  glorious  Bulletin 
had  its  humble  beginning.  Your  President  issued  a  four-page  number 
and  sent  it  on  its  way  with  these  words : — "  This  Little  Sheet  goes  forth 
in  the  hope  that  it  will  be  the  means  of  bringing  into  closer  touch 
the  Clubs  composing  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  "  It  has  not 
only  become  a  medium  of  communication  between  our  members, 
but  to-day  under  the  able  editorship  of  Mrs.  Brewster  and  her  stafif, 
stands  as  the  leading  garden  magazine  in  this  country,  and  I  know 
of  none  other  across  the  water  that  can  compare  with  it. 

On  her  trip  around  the  world  in  January,  1914,  Miss  Mcllvaine 
of  the  Trenton  Club,  had  the  opportunity  of  starting  the  Garden  Club 

4 


of  Bombay,  India.  A  delightful  correspondence  between  its  President 
and  our  Honorary  President,  Mrs.  Patterson,  ensued. 

The  second  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
washeldin  Princeton,  May,i9i4,at  the  house  of  Mrs,  Archibald  Russell, 
Vice-President.  The  Honorary  President,  Mrs.  Stuart  Patterson, 
opened  the  meeting  with  the  poem — "The  Month  of  Magic" — and 
spoke  a  few  words  of  congratulation  to  the  old  and  welcome  to  the 
new  member  Clubs. 

After  the  meeting,  the  delegates  were  entertained  by  Mrs.  Russell 
at  luncheon.  Her  bowls  of  fine  alamanders  and  white  lilacs  with 
narcissus  were  a  joy.  During  luncheon.  Dr.  Warthin,  President  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  made  a  strong  plea  for  giving 
the  Club  a  democratic  character,  and  the  widest  possible  field  of 
action,  to  insure  its  vitality  and  real  usefulness. 

In  the  afternoon,  we  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  charming 
gardens  of  Princeton.  At  Morven,  Mrs.  Stockton  read  to  us  her 
paper — A  Quest  for  the  Garden, — interestingly  giving  the  history 
of  200  years  of  this  home  of  her  family.  At  the  meeting  the  next  day, 
the  following  committees  were  appointed — 

To  encourage  the  use  of  a  Color  Chart; 

For  Beautifying  Settlements  and  Highways; 

Lecturers,  and  Garden  Literature. 

The  last  two  have  become  invaluable  to  the  member  Clubs. 

Dean  West,  at  Mrs.  Pyne's  luncheon,  gave  a  sketch  of  this  fine 
old  homestead.  Then  other  gardens  were  visited,  and  we  gathered  at 
Old  Nassau  to  hear  from  Mr.  McElroy  of  the  brave  old  days  of  this 
old  town.  Later,  the  Dean  received  us  in  his  garden,  where  we  heard 
Miss  Mattheson  recite  exquisitely  the  Shakespeare  Sonnet — "  Shall  I 
compare  thee  to  a  summer's  day".  After  tea,  we  tore  ourselves 
from  the  second  delightful  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Club. 

During  the  winter  of  191 5  the  war  clouds  hovering  over  our  heads 
made  us  realize  that  the  summer  might  bring  forth  a  need  for  greater 
production  of  food  for  our  Allies.  Your  President  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Council  of  Presidents,  appointed  a  Committee,  with  Mrs.  Horace 
Sellers  as  Chairman,  to  prepare  vegetable  planting  plans.  Little 
did  we  think  then  that  a  short  time  later  on  when  the  need  for  con- 
servation of  food  in  this  country  was  great,  that  these  plans  would 
be  issued  by  the  thousands  and  sent  throughout  the  country. 

With  true  Southern  hospitality,  Baltimore  welcomed  us  to  the 
third  Annual  Meeting  (May,  1915)  when  we  were  the  guests  of  the 
Amateur  Gardeners.  At  the  first  day's  meeting,  Mr.  William  W. 
Renwick  of  Short  Hills,  received  the  prize  given  by  the  Club  for  the 
best  essay  on  The  Flower  Garden  in  Relation  to  the  House.  Luncheon 
to  the  delegates  was  given  by  Mrs.  Garrett,  in  her  charming  house, 

5 


which  has  later  become  through  her  generosity  a  Home  for  our  bhnded 
soldiers. 

We  visited  many  beautiful  gardens,  and  had  tea  with  Mrs.  Ridgely, 
at  wonderful  old  Hampton  with  its  terraced  gardens,  ancient  cedars 
and  fine  box.  An  account  of  this  historic  place  was  read  by  Mrs. 
Bruce.  On  the  second  day,  we  visited  the  far-famed  Baltimore  Flower 
Market  and  other  attractive  gardens,  the  members  being  particularly 
charmed  by  Mrs.  Bouton's  little  open  air  theatre. 

In  January,  1916,  through  the  efforts  of  Mrs.  Boardman,  South- 
ampton Garden  Club,  the  first  exhibition  of  garden  books  was  held 
at  the  New  York  Public  Library.  This  was  followed  in  March,  when 
the  Council  of  Presidents  met  in  Philadelphia,  by  a  loan  exhibition 
of  garden  books  in  Philadelphia,  arranged  by  Mrs.  Wm.  W.  Frazier, 
Jr.,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia,  where  one 
bad  the  rare  treat  of  examining  Gerard's  "Herbal"  and  other  century 
old  books. 

It  was  with  peculiar  pleasure  we  held  the  Fourth  Annual  Meeting 
at  Lenox,  Mass.  (June  28th-29th,  1916),  for  here  in  the  happy  peace- 
fulness  of  midsummer,  surrounded  by  the  Berkshire  Hills,  we  were 
inspired  to  bring  forth  in  a  truer  and  bigger  way  the  objects  of  this 
association.  After  each  of  our  business  meetings  we  had  the  joy  of 
seeing  the  great  gardens  of  this  wonderful  country.  Miss  Kneeland 
welcomed  us  in  her  garden,  designed  and  carried  out  by  her  own  hands, 
and  Mr.  French's  garden  and  studio  showed  us  many  charms  never 
to  be  forgotten.  Those  who  had  the  privilege  of  being  received  by 
Mr.  Choate  will  ever  remember  his  gracious  hospitahty.  We  were 
hurried  away  from  Mr.  Clarke's  picturesque  garden,  as  well  as  from 
the  charming  gardens  of  Mrs.  Parson,  Mrs.  Clarkson,  and  Mrs. 
Hoffman  by  the  shrill  whistle  blown  by  Mr.  Clarkson. 

Every  member  Club  was  represented  at  this  meeting,  and  inspiring 
reports  were  made  by  the  Presidents  at  the  dinner  at  the  Curtis  House. 

igij — America  was  at  War,  and  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
laid  aside  its  pleasures  and  met  its  duties.  Reluctantly  we  abandoned 
the  privilege  of  holding  the  Fifth  Annual  Meeting  as  the  guests  of 
the  Garden  Club  of  IlHnois. 

At  the  meeting  in  March  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  the  Clubs 
were  called  into  the  service  of  their  country,  and  immediately  they 
began  planting  vegetable  gardens  and  established  canning  centers. 
It  was  strange  to  hold  our  Fifth  Annual  Meeting  the  middle  of  June, 
191 7,  in  New  York  City,  but  we  met  only  to  carry  out  the  business  of 
the  Association. 

In  July  your  President  was  called  to  Washington  to  represent 
this  Club  at  a  Meeting  of  the  Woman's  Committee  of  the  Council  of 
National  Defense.     It  was  interesting  to  find  that  out  of  70  National 

6 


Organizations  present,  the  Garden  Club  of  America  and  the 
Woman's  Farm  and  Garden  Association  were  the  only  Organiza- 
tions which  had  turned  all  of  their  activities  to  the  production  of 
food. 

It  was  at  the  Meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  in  October,  191 7, 
that  the  War  Work  Council  of  the  Garden  Club  of  x\merica  (Mrs. 
Newell,  Mrs.  Hill  and  Miss  Marble)made  its  report  in  favor  of  organ- 
izing the  Woman's  Land  Army  of  America.  This  Council  was  author- 
ized to  confer  with  other  Organizations  to  bring  about  the  formation 
of  the  Army.  Miss  Marble  and  your  President  visited  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  to  discuss  the  plan,  and  finally  Miss  Marble  became  the 
temporary  Chairman.  She,  mth  several  members  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  (including  your  Secretary  and  President)  as  well  as 
members  of  the  Farm  and  Garden  Association  and  others  organized 
and  carried  on  to  the  close  of  the  war  the  Woman's  Land  Army  of 
America. 

Nearly  two  Bulletins  are  devoted  to  the  war  work  of  the  in- 
dividual Clubs;  it  is  with  just  pride  we  record  that  notwithstanding 
the  fact  that  nearly  all  of  the  Presidents  were  serving  in  executive 
positions  with  the  National  War  Rehef  Organization  no  Club  failed 
to  answer  the  patriotic  call  to  service. 

It  was  at  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  in  March,  1919, 
that  Miss  Morgan  told  us  of  the  agricultural  situation  in  Northern 
France,  and  Miss  Geer,  in  the  picturesque  uniform  of  the  Farmerette, 
spoke  of  the  work  of  the  Land  Army  from  the  standpoint  of  the  worker. 

From  the  summer  of  1918  until  November,  i9i9,we  sorely  missed 
the  ever  looked-for  Bulletin.  At  Mrs.  Brewster's  request  it  was 
suspended  by  reason  of  her  services  being  devoted  to  the  Fatherless 
Children  of  France;  later  she  was  obliged  to  cross  the  seas  in  its 
interest. 

Again  the  Club  had  a  general  meeting  in  January,  19 19.  Many 
worth  while  reports  were  made  by  the  Standing  Committees  and 
Mrs.  Hill's  splendid  report  on  the  Woman's  Land  Army  was  greeted  with 
great  enthusiasm.  Mr.  Fairchild  begged  the  Clubs  to  encourage  the 
making  of  gardens  and  parks  as  War  Memorials.  At  a  meeting  in 
New  York  in  May,  1919,  the  future  policy  of  the  Club  was  discussed 
and  Mrs.  Hutcheson  presented  a  plan  to  broaden  its  work,  and  with 
her  far-reaching  vision  of  the  future  she  suggested  we  make  it  more 
national  in  scope.  We  agreed  to  this,  though  we  felt  it  would  take 
time,  but  we  surely  are  advancing  in  this  direction. 

The  long-talked-of  meeting  in  Lake  Forest  and  Winnetka  became 
a  reahty  in  June,  1919.  In  what  words  can  I  describe  it!  Those  of  us 
who  had  the  good  fortune  to  live  in  those  charming  gardens  during 
those  all  too  short  days,  felt  we  had  truly  entered  the  Garden  of  Eden. 

7 


Mrs.  Greeley,  the  President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Illinois,  in  her 
sweet,  gentle  way  bade  us  welcome,  and  in  her  own  words  said — "The 
freedom  of  the  gardens  is  yours  ".  It  was  her  hearty  welcome  and  that 
of  the  members  of  the  Club  which  made  us  enjoy  to  the  limit  our 
delightful  stay  with  this  Founder  Club. 

It  was  during  this  Annual  Meeting  that  members  more  fully 
realized  the  great  work  that  lies  before  us — "  to  stimulate  the  knowl- 
edge and  love  of  Gardening",  and  we  woke  to  the  realization  of  the 
part  the  Garden  Club  must  take  in  beautifying  America.  A  resolu- 
tion was  passed  endorsing  a  National  Victory  Forest. 

The  second  day's  meeting  held  in  the  open  at  Mrs.  McCormick's 
made  us  wish  to  throw  all  business  aside  and  simply  dream  under 
the  shade  of  her  wonderful  trees  or  watch  the  sparkling  sun-hght  as  it 
shone  on  the  great  Lake  at  the  foot  of  the  lawn.  We  reluctantly  left 
Lake  Forest  and  Winnetka  unable  to  express  in  words  our  deep 
appreciation  of  the  gracious  hospitality  accorded  to  this  large  company 
of  visitors.  A  few  of  us  had  the  added  pleasure  of  visiting  Lake 
Geneva,  Wisconsin,  before  we  were  compelled  to  speed  homeward. 

The  winter  meeting  was  held  in  New  York  in  December,  1919,  for 
the  purpose  of  discussing  the  Questionnaire  which  had  previously  been 
sent  to  the  Member  Clubs.  All  were  in  favor  of  the  Slides  to  be  col- 
lected and  lent  to  Member  Clubs  and  of  the  Cards  for  Visiting  Gardens 
and  nearly  all  felt  the  dues  should  be  increased  to  cover  overhead 
expenses.  The  fight  against  the  Sign  Boards  began  at  this  meeting 
as  well  as  a  renewal  of  the  attack  on  Quarantine  No.  37.  Mrs.  Rhodes 
presented  an  interesting  report  on  her  work  as  Librarian.  After 
luncheon  Mr.  George  Pratt,  Forest  Commissioner  of  New  York  State, 
gave  an  interesting  illustrated  talk  on  the  work  accomplished  by  the 
Commission. 

The  Club  was  asked  at  its  Spring  Meeting  (March,  1920)  by  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society  to  co-operate  with  it  and  other 
organizations  in  protesting  against  Quarantine  No.  37.  It  is  gratify- 
ing to  find  that  more  and  more  the  other  organizations  are  turning 
to  the  Garden  Club  for  assistance. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties  was  our  Host- 
ess in  March  when  we  heard  from  Mr.  Wilson  of  the  wondrous  beauty 
of  the  Japanese  Gardens.  We  have  the  happy  memory  of  Mrs.  Fair- 
child  enjoying  with  us  the  hopitality  of  her  Club,  on  that  day. 

I  have  tried  to  tell  you  in  a  simple  way  the  story  of  the  Garden 
Club's  seven  years  of  work;  in  them  we  have  ploughed  the  ground  and 
sown  the  seed.  In  the  coming  years  it  must  be  cultivated  by  each 
and  every  one  of  us  if  we  are  to  reap  the  harvest  of  fine  gardening  in 
this  Country. 

8 


Executive  Meeting  of  The  Garden  Club  of  America 
of  the  Session  of  1920 

A  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  Manches- 
ter, Massachusetts,  June  28th,  at  8:30  p.  m. 

Those  present  were:  Mrs.  J.  Willis  Martin,  Mrs  Samuel  Sloan, 
Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thome,  Mrs.  Hugh  D.  Auchincloss,  Mrs.  Walter  S. 
Brewster,  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Rhodes,  and  Mrs.  Harold 
Irving  Pratt. 

The  minutes  of  the  meeting  of  May  24th,  were  read  by  the  Secre- 
tary, and  ordered  filed  as  read. 

A  letter  from  Mrs.  Francis  King  was  read,  suggesting  that  some 
method  of  co-operation  between  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  and 
the  Woman's  National  Farm  &  Garden  Association,  Inc.,  be  adopted. 
Inasmuch  as  this  seemed  to  be  a  question  of  policy  which  would 
establish  a  precedent,  it  was  moved  and  seconded  that  this  question 
be  deferred  until  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  on  June  29th. 

A  letter  from  Mrs.  Charles  Henry,  of  Philadelphia,  was  read  asking 
that  a  leaflet  from  the  school  of  Horticulture  for  Women,  at  Ambler, 
stating  its  cause  with  reference  to  its  financial  need,  should  be  mailed 
with  the  Bulletin.  It  was  moved  by  Mrs.  Sloan,  seconded  by  Mrs. 
Thorne,  and  carried,  that  the  pohcy  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
would  forbid  the  enclosure  in  the  Bulletin  of  leaflets  issued  by  outside 
organizations  in  which  funds  were  soHcited.  As  this  was  a  question 
of  poHcy  Mrs.  Martin  suggested  that  this  Resolution  be  brought 
before  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Pasadena,  proposed  by  the  Millbrook  Garden 
Club,  seconded  by  the  Santa  Barbara  Garden  Club,  and  The  Garden 
Club  of  Denver,  proposed  by  the  Garden  Club  of  Easthampton, 
seconded  by  the  Garden  Club  of  Santa  Barbara,  were  submitted  to 
the  meeting.  Inasmuch  as  these  Clubs  fulfilled  all  requirements  of 
membership,  they  were  unanimously  recommended  for  election  to 
the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents. 

The  new  Constitution  was  read,  and  compared  with  the  old. 
Certain  amendments  were  suggested  which  were  to  be  presented  at 
the  Business  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  on  the  morn- 
ing of  June  29th. 

Inasmuch  as  non-delegates,  even  at  this  late  date  were  asking 
that  arrangements  be  made  for  their  entertainment,  the  following 
resolution  was  passed  for  the  protection  of  the  Hostess  Club:  Re- 
solved: That  no  persons  other  than  Presidents,  Alternates,  Dele- 
gates, and  non-Delegates  already  provided  with  cards  be  admitted  to 
any  Garden  or  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  now  in  session. 


The  Secretary  asked  that  a  suggestion  be  made  to  the  General 
Meeting  that  each  Club  send  to  Mrs.  Brewster,  and  to  the  Secretary, 
the  corrections  In  addresses  of  their  membership  list  in  card  catalogue 
form,  according  to  a  formula  which  would  be  sent  out  from  her  office. 
This  matter  was  referred  to  the  Council  of  Presidents.  Mrs.  Brewster 
also  asked  that  the  question  of  sending  the  Bulletin  in  bulk  package 
to  the  Presidents  of  each  Club  or  individually  to  each  member  as  is 
now  the  custom,  should  be  discussed  at  the  Meeting  of  the.  Council 
of  Presidents. 

There  being  no-  further  business,  upon  motion  the  meeting  ad- 
journed. 

Secretary's  Report 

The  very  delightful  and  instructive  days  which  were  spent  in 
visiting  the  gardens  of  the  members  of  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club 
of  Massachusetts  were  begun  by  a  visit  to  the  garden  of  Mrs.  Gordon 
Abbott,  in  West  Manchester.  The  combination  of  luxuriant  vegeta- 
tion with  the  rockbound  shore  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  formed  a  most 
unusual  setting  for  Mrs.  Abbott's  place.  Her  garden,  which  was 
very  carefully  thought  out  in  relation  to  colour  scheme,  had  a  lovely 
background  of  cedar  and  pine,  and  gave  one  a  sense  of  intimacy. 

From  Mrs.  Abbott's  we  passed  on  to  the  farm  of  Mrs.  H.  F.  Cool- 
idge  in  Pride's  Crossing.  In  passing  through  the  house  our  attention 
was  somewhat  distracted  from  out-of-doors,  by  an  interesting  collec- 
tion of  Lowestoft.  As  we  left  the  house  we  looked  out  upon  well 
cultivated  fields,  and  a  charming  little  pond  which  was  tenanted 
by  graceful  swans.  The  gardens  nestled  into  the  hillside,  on  the  slope 
towards  the  pond.  This  pond  was  fed  by  a  most  active  little  brook, 
which  we  crossed  on  our  way  down  to  the  farm  buildings. 

We  then  motored  through  charming  New  England  country,  so 
full  of  suggestion  of  our  early  colonial  days,  to  one  of  the  most  de- 
lightful and  interesting  historical  landmarks  in  New  England,"  Indian 
Hill"  at  West  Newbury,  owned  and  kept  as  a  source  of  historical 
interest  for  his  family  and  friends  by  Mr.  Frederick  S.  Moseley  of 
Boston.  A  grant  of  land  was  received  by  the  Poor  family  in  1655. 
The  house  was  erected  in  1688.  It  has  been  added  to  constantly  until 
it  covers  a  large  area  of  ground.  It  is  filled  with  the  furniture  and 
costumes  of  the  time,  and  when  wandering  about  from  room  to  room, 
it  is  possible  to  review  our  entire  colonial  history,  as  either  many 
important  figures  of  our  history  have  stayed  in  this  house,  or  there 
are  collected  here  some  of  their  possessions.  The  gardens  in  connection 
with  the  house,  although  much  newer  than  the  house,  are  appropriate 
to  the  setting. 

10 


We  motored  from  thence  to  the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moseley, 
where  delegates  and  non-delegates  were  graciously  entertained  at 
luncheon  upon  the  lawn.  The  gardens  of  Mrs.  Moseley  were  designed 
by  one  of  the  members  of  the  Somerset  Hills  Garden  Club,  Mrs. 
William  A.  Hutcheson,  who  as  Martha  Brooks  Brown,  has  done  much 
professional  work  among  the  members  of  the  North  Shore  Garden 
Club.  The  natural  setting  of  the  Moseley  place  is  peculiarly  beauti- 
ful. The  house  is  situated  upon  a  bluff  overlooking  the  Merrimac 
River,  surrounded  by  superb  woodland,  much  of  which  is  filled  with 
Laurel  of  unusual  size,  which  it  was  the  privilege  of  the  members  of 
the  Garden  Club  to  see  after  the  Business  Meeting. 


First  Business  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
of  the  Session  of  1920 

The  first  business  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
of  the  session  of  1920,  was  held  in  the  fragrant  Pine  Grove  of  Mrs. 
F.  S.  Moseley,  at  Newbur3^ort. 

On  motion  duly  made,  seconded  and  carried  that  the  reading  of 
Report  of  the  Annual  Meeting  of  1920  be  omitted,  the  President 
called  for  the  Treasurer's  Report,  which  was  read  as  follows: 


By  balance  June  i6th,  1919    $  736.10 

Receipt   since  June  i6th,  1919 — 

Albemarle $104 .  50 

Allegheny  County .  .  2  50 .  00 

Amateur  Gardeners .  1 00 .  00 

Bedford 150.00 

Chestnut  HiU  Gar- 
den Society 200 .  00 

Cincinnati 45  •  00 

Cleveland 110.00 

East  Hampton 97 .  00 

Fauquier  &  Lou- 
doun Counties ...  55  ■  50 

Greenwich 30 .  00 

Green  Spring  Valley  65 .  00 

Hardy  Garden  Club 

of  Ruxton 28 .  00 

Harford  County. ...  52 .  00 

Hartford 66.00 

Illinois 73-5° 

James  River 27 .  50 

Lake  Geneva 47  •  00 

Litchfield 49  •  50 

Lenox 204.00 

Michigan 183 .50 

Middletown 14.00 

Millbrook 92 .  00 

Montgomery  &  Del- 
aware Cos 80 .  00 


Morristown 90 .  00 

New  Canaan 78 .  00 

Newport  Garden 

Association 218 .  50 

North  Country,  L.  I.  63 .  50 

North  Shore,  Mass.  65.50 
Orange  &  Dutchess 

Cos 78 .  00 

Philadelphia 81 .00 

Philipstown 75  •  00 

Princeton 36 .  00 

Ridgefield 156.00 

Rumson 63 .  50 

Rye 118.00 

Santa  Barbara 1 24 .  00 

Shaker  Lakes 25.00 

Short  Hills 61 .  50 

Somerset  Hills 132 .  00 

Southampton 84.00 

Summit 13.00 

Trenton 47  •  00 

Twenty 28 .  50 

Ulster 60 .  00 

Warrenton 60 .  00 

Washington,  Coim . .  2  2 .  00 

Weeders 77  50 

Wilmington 15  ■  00 


Treasurer's 
Report 


$3996.50 


II 


Credits  brought  for-  Luncheon    March 

ward $4732.60  17,1920 506.25 

Received  for  Lunch-  Paid  to  Miss  Je- 

eon        December  kyll 400 .  00 

ist,  1919 $368.35  Bulletin-No  v., 

Received  for  Lunch-  1919 467 .  57 

eon    March     17,  Bulletin-Jan.,  1920.     59590 

1920 506. 25                       Bulletin-March, 

Received   for   Gen-  1920 592.05 

eral    Expense    of  Bulletin-May,  1920     709.55 

Bulletin 575  00                       Stamps    for    May 

Received   for   Miss  Bulletin 48 .  44 

Jekyll's  Fund.  . . .     500.00  

Received   for    Sub-  $4512.45 

scriptions  to  Bui-  Ex.  on  cheques — 

letin 66.75                           June,  1919  . . . .            2.30 

Received  for  Mem-  

bers-at-large 55- 10                                                          $4514-75 

Received  for  Rum-  To  Balance — Far- 
son  G.  C.  for  mers  Loan  & 
1920-1921 168.00  $2239.45          TrustCo $2457.30 

CREDITS $6972.05  $6972.05  $6972.05 

Bills  paid  since  June  i6th,  1919 —  By  balance — Farmers  Loan 

Printing $561.44  &Tr.  Co.  June  20th,  1920..  $2457.30 

Office  expenses. . . .       288 .  75  Check  from  Rumson  Garden 
Luncheon  Dec.  i,  Club    for    1920-1921,  not 

1919 342.50  deposited 42.00 

Garden  Clubs  that  have  not  paid  the  extra  assessment  for  1919- 

1920 2 

Rumsdn  Garden  Club,  and  WashTngton,  Connecticut,  Garden  Club. 

Respectfully  submitted. 
(Signed)  Emma  B.  Auchincloss, 
Treasurer. 
The  report  of  the  Treasurer  was  accepted,  and  ordered  put  on  file. 
Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  President  of  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club, 
Massachusetts,  the  Hostess  Club,  welcomed  the  members  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America. 

In  response,  Mrs.  Martin  spoke  of  the  stupendous  work  it  had 
been  to  prepare  this  Annual  Meeting,  and  congratulated  the  Hostess 
Club  upon  the  perfection  of  its  arrangements.  She  remarked  that 
as  the  Garden  Club  of  America  became  more  national  in  its  scope, 
the  arrangements  for  the  Annual  Meeting  became  increasingly  difficult. 
Mrs.  Martin  expressed  her  own  personal  appreciation,  the  appreciation 
of  her  Officers,  and  of  the  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
for  the  generous  hospitahty  and  courteous  consideration  of  the  Hostess 
Club. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Bulletin  Committee. 
Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster,  Chairman  of  the  Committee,  and  Editor 
of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  the  official  organ 
of  the  Organization,  reported  as  follows: 

12 


Since  the  last  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  Bulletin 
four  numbers  of  the  Bulletin  have  been  issued.  These  four  issues  Report 
have  been  influenced  by  the  answers  received  to  the  questionnaire 
sent  to  each  individual  member  last  August.  These  answers  gave 
every  evidence  that  the  members  were  individual.  They  have  been 
reported  in  detail  elsewhere  and  the  excellent  advice,  admonitions, 
commendations  and  vituperations  they  embodied  have  been  given 
every  consideration  and  some  employment. 

You  will  all  agree  that  the  Bulletin  has  improved  just  as  you 
will  all  admit  that  there  was  room  for  improvement.  This  improve- 
ment is  largely  due  to  the  Editorial  Board.  Whatever  may  be  your 
editor's  short-comings,  she  has  proved  herself  the  possessor  of  one 
quality,  the  abiHty  to  choose  able  assistants.  Some  of  them  do  not 
spell  very  well,  but  this  is  a  defect  of  brilHant  minds  and  adds  to  the 
editorial  conviction  that  the  Board  is  the  Bulletin.  A  new  member, 
Mrs.  T.  H.  B.  McKnight  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Allegheny  County, 
has  just  been  enhsted,  so  a  still  greater  improvement  may  be 
expected. 

Unfortunately  with  the  increase  in  interest  has  come  an  over- 
whelming increase  in  cost.  This  is  partly  due  to  the  greater  size  of 
the  Bulletin  and  the  increased  membership  of  the  Club,  but  prin- 
cipally to  the  advance  in  the  price  of  paper  and  printing.  The  expense 
of  printing  and  maihng  the  four  issues  of  the  new  series  has  been 
$2413 .51.  Added  to  this  are  secretarial  expenses  and  postage,  amount- 
ing to  $405 .  00,  which  have  not  been  charged  to  the  Garden  Club. 
From  this  you  will  see  that  we  cannot  publish  a  magazine  of  the 
present  size,  six  times  a  year  for  much  less  than  $3750.00. 

You  will  remember,  perhaps,  that  this  was  to  be  considered  a 
trial  year,  so  the  time  has  now  come  to  decide  whether  the  Bulletin 
in  its  present  form  is  to  go  on.  It  contains  much  now  that  purports 
to  be  of  interest  to  the  Club  but  has  no  direct  bearing  upon  its  business 
activities.  The  whole  plan  could  be, changed  to  the  printing  of  an 
eight-page  report  after  each  general  meeting  and  an  Annual  Report 
which  would  contain  Committee  Reports  and  accounts  of  Member 
Club  activities.  This  would  be  much  less  expensive  and  possibly  more 
valuable.  There  are  many  magazines  in  circulation  just  now  and  un- 
less our  members  really  want  the  Bulletin  as  it  now  is  it  is  an  extrava- 
gance of  time  and  money  to  continue  its  pubHcation.  The  question 
should  be  decided  to-day. 

As  a  help  in  this  decision  it  might  be  said  that  the  cost  of  extra 
copies  for  newly  added  Clubs  does  not  greatly  increase  the  expense 
of  an  issue.  The  same  is  true  in  the  cost  of  extra  copies  for  non- 
member  subscribers.  If  enough  of  these  at  $2.00  or  possibly  $2.50 
a  year  could  be  secured  by  members  it  would  be  a  material  help. 

13 


So  far  about  40  people  have  availed  themselves  of  the  new  opportunity 
for  sponsored  subscriptions.  500  or  1000  subscriptions  could  be 
cared  for  on  a  paying  basis.  If  the  Bulletin  is  worth  anything  it 
is  interesting  to  non-members  as  well  as  members  and  although  sub- 
scriptions should  not  be  generally  and  pleadingly  solicited  a  little 
judicious  and  genteel  advertising  would  help.  In  this  matter  of  sub- 
scriptions there  seems  to  be  a  misunderstanding  on  the  part  of  some 
members  who  feel  that  their  dues  are  in  payment  of  their  subscription 
to  the  Bulletin.  Instead  their  dues  entitle  them  to  the  Bulletin 
as  the  official  Club  organ  but  the  Bulletin  is  only  one  of  the  many 
expenses  the  Club  must  meet  and  all  dues  go  to  a  general  expense 
account,  not  to  the  editor. 

In  case  it  is  decided  to  continue  the  publication  of  the  Bulletin, 
certain  points  should  be  more  definitely  understood.  First,  the 
editor  should  not  be  given  a  free  hand.  The  Bulletin  is  a  Club 
organ  and  should  voice  the  policies,  ideas  and  intentions  of  the  Club, 
not  of  the  editor.  You  leave  too  much  to  the  discretion  of  your 
servant  when  you  allow  her  utterances  to  speak  for  the  Club  ;  you 
ask  too  much  of  your  servant  when  you  throw  upon  her  an  undivided 
responsibility.  I  think  you  do  not  realize  how  powerful  an  organ- 
ization the  Garden  Club  of  America  has  become.  If  the  Bulletin 
is  to  persist  with  the  present  editor  in  charge,  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee from  whom  she  receives  her  appointment  must  issue  her 
orders. 

Second,  some  financial  plan  must  be  made.  As  the  Club  increases 
its  membership  and  if  prices  continue  to  mount  the  exact  sum  would 
have  to  be  adjusted  to  necessities  but  an  approximate  amount  should 
be  stated  and  the  editor  instructed  to  keep  within  that  amount. 

In  the  smaller  matters  of  detail  there  are  many  things  to  be  ar- 
ranged. A  good  many  Bulletins  seem  to  be  lost  in  the  mails.  With 
so  many  changing  addresses  from  winter  to  summer  this  is  a  difficult 
matter  to  adjust.  With  a  mailing  list  of  3000  each  name  cannot  receive 
individual  attention  and  the  issue  mailed  to  a  different  address  each 
time.  The  present  method  is  to  use  summer  addresses  for  the  May, 
July  and  September  issues,  winter  addresses  for  November,  January 
and  March.  A  suggestion  has  been  made  that  enough  copies  of 
Bulletin  be  sent  to  the  president  of  each  Member  Club  for  dis- 
tribution to  its  members.  Would  this  be  more  satisfactory?  Sugges- 
tions will  be  very  welcome,  but  it  has  sometimes  occurred  to  a  sus- 
picious editor  that  the  unpretentious,  second  class  envelope  within 
which  the  Bulletin  hides  its  light  is  frequently  consigned  to  the  scrap 
basket  without  a  second  look. 

During  the  past  year  the  Bulletin  has  added  some  twenty-five 
horticultural  and  agricultural  libraries  to  its  regular  mailing  Ust, 

14 


always  at  the  request  of  the  librarian.  The  Arnold  Arboretum  some 
time  ago  asked  for  a  complete  file  and  one  was  sent  with  ill-concealed 
pride.  When,  however,  a  similar  request  reached  the  editor  from 
the  Professor  himself  who  had  not  been  informed  of  the  Hbrary's 
acquisition,  pride  stepped  boldly  forth  and  proclaimed  itself. 

The  following  plan  has  been  made  for  issuing  the  six  numbers 
of  the  Bulletin:  July  or  August,  depending  upon  the  date  of  the  An- 
nual Meeting.  This  issue  will  contain  a  report  of  the  Meeting,  Com- 
mittee reports,  accounts  of  Gardens  visited,  suggestions  made,  etc. 
About  September  15th  a  Fall-Planting  issue.  About  December  ist  an 
issue  which  will  contain  reports  of  the  summer  work  of  each  Member- 
Club.  Most  of  the  Clubs  have  their  Annual  Meetings  in  October 
or  November  so  at  this  time  it  should  be  possible  to  give  lists  of 
new  officers  and  annual  reports.  The  remaining  three  issues 
would  be  published  January  15th,  March  15th  and  May  ist.  For 
these  spring  numbers  there  is  always  interesting  material.  Do 
you  approve  of  this  schedule  and  if  not  what  modification  do  you 
suggest? 

It  may  be  well  to  remind  you  that  the  editor  enjoys  the  Bulletin 
much  as  a  mother  does  a  troublesome  pair  of  twins.  The  simile  need 
not  be  elaborated.  Impatience,  affection,  exhaustion  and  devotion 
are  aU  implied,  but  if  you  hke  the  Bulletin,  satisfaction  can  be  added 
to  the  list. 

Respectfully  submitted. 
Kate  L.  Brewster, 

Editor 

The  President  asked  for  suggestions  in  regard  to  the  continuation 
of  the  Bulletin  under  its  present  policy.  With  no  discussion,  it  was 
moved,  seconded,  and  carried  that  the  policy  of  the  Bulletin  remain 
unchanged.  The  question  of  distribution  was  then  discussed,  in 
regard  to  mailing  the  Bulletin  individually,  or  in  bulk  package  to 
each  Club  for  individual  distribution  to  its  members.  It  was  asked  that 
this  question  be  brought  before  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presi- 
dents. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  Historic  Committee 
Gardens.   The  Secretary  explained  that  Mrs.  Harry  Groome,  of  the  ^^  Historic 
Warrenton  Garden  Club,  had  been  Chairman  of  this  Committee,  but  Gardens 
had  resigned  last  Autumn,  and  that  no  one  had  been  appointed  to 
succeed  her.    That  during  the  year,  several  contributions  to  the 
work  of  this  Committee  had  come  to  the  Secretary's  office.    It  was 
moved,  seconded,  and  carried  that  this  Committee  be  reorganized 
and  its  work  carried  on. 

15 


Committee  The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  of  the 
ON  THE  Honourary  Medal  Award.  The  Secretary  read  a  communication 
~r,^^^^.  ^^  f^o^  -^^2-  Francis  King,  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Michigan,  Chairman 
of  this  Committee,  who  through  illness  was  unable  to  be  present, 
asking  for  a  dissolution  of  the  Committee,  explaining  that  its  work 
of  raising  the  money,  and  selecting  the  Medal,  had  been  accomplished. 
The  report  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  Committee,  Mrs.  Allan  Marquand, 
of  the  Princeton  Garden  Club,  was  read  as  follows: 


Honourary 
Award 


Subscribers 

TO  THE 

Medal  of 

Honourary 

Award 


The  North  Cotjntry  Garden  Clxtb. 

Mrs.  Emlen  Roosevelt. 

Mrs.  J.  Willis  Martin. 

Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Hughes. 

Mrs.  Allan  Marqtjand. 

Newport  Garden  Association. 

Garden  Club  of  Cincinnati. 

Millbrook  Garden  Club. 

Litchfield  Garden  Club. 

Garden    Club    of    Allegheny    Co. 

Miss  Alice  Driggs. 

Mrs.Francis  King. 

Amateur  Gardeners  of  Baltimore. 

Garden  Club  of  Michigan. 

Garden  Club  of  Princeton. 

Garden  Club  of  Easthampton,  L.  I. 

North  Shore  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne. 

Mrs.  Harold  Pratt, 

The  Gardeners  of  Montgomery  and 

Delaware  Counties,  Pa. 
The  Short  Hills  Garden  Club. 
The  Garden  Club  of  Illinois. 
The  Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Rux- 

TON,  Md. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Rye,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Hugh  D.  Auchincloss. 

Mrs.  M.  B.  Hutcheson. 

Mrs.  Arnold  Hague. 

Mrs.  J.  E.  Newell. 

Mrs.  Fuller. 

Mrs  Junius  Morgan. 

Miss  Florence  L.  Pond. 

Garden  Club  of  Southampton,  L.  I. 

The  Bedford  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  W.  p.  Hamilton. 

The  Morristown  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  John  Sherwin. 

Mrs.  C.  a.  Otis. 

Mrs.  Max  Farrand. 

The  Weeders. 

Anonymous. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Hartford. 

The  Shaker  Lakes  Garden  Club. 


Mrs.  Arthur  Scribner. 
Greenwich  Garden  Club 
Fauquier    and    Loudoun 
Club. 


Garden 


From    ten    members    of    the    New 
Canaan  Club  as  follows: 
Mrs.  Henry  W.  Chappell. 
Mrs.  JtTLius  Kruttschmitt. 
Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Gary. 
Mrs.  Edgar  S.  Auchincloss,  Je. 
Mrs.  John  V.  Irwin. 
Mrs.  Jesse  Hoyt. 
Mrs.  H.  J.  Davenport. 
Miss  Jane  R.  Faile 
Miss  Annie  F.  Crane. 
Miss  Myra  Valentine. 

The  following  clubs  have  wished  to 
subscribe,  but  our  fund  was  more  than 
complete. 
The  Garden  Club  of  Lake  Geneva, 

Wisconsin. 
The  Garden  Club  of  Santa  Barbara 

and  montecito. 
The  Garden  Club  of  Washington, 

coiwecticut. 
Total  on  hand,  June  22nd, 

1920 $1580.18 

Of  this  amount,  we  hold  in  bonds 

Of  the  3rd  Liberty  Loan . .         650 .  00 

In  a  bond  of  the  Victory- 
Loan 50 .  00 


Total  amount  in  bonds. . . . 
Cash  deposited  with  Prince- 
ton Bank  &  Trust  Co.  ... 


880.18 
$1580..  18 


Eleanor  C.  Marquand, 
Treasurer  of  the  Medal   of  Honourary 
Award  Fund. 


Upon  motion  it  was  duly  moved,  seconded,  and  carried  that  as  it 
had  accomplished  its  work,  the  Committee  upon  the  Selection  of, 

16 


and  Payment  for  the  Medal  of  Honourary  Award,  be  dissolved,  with 
the  understanding  that  its  funds  be  turned  over  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  the  Color  Chart 
Colour  Chart.  The  Secretary  read  a  letter  from  Mrs.  Francis  King,  Committee 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  Michigan,  Chairman  of  this  Committee,  stating 
that  since  communication  could  be  taken  up  again  with  foreign 
countries,  much  could  be  accomplished  in  this  Committee,  and 
asked  that  it  be  continued.  It  was  moved,  seconded,  and  carried  that 
this  Committee  be  continued. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Conmiittee  on  Trades  Committee 
Relations.    Miss  Rose  Standish  Nichols,  Consultant  Member  of  the  on    Trades 
Garden  Club  oe  America,  the  Chairman  of  this  Committee,  re-  Relations 
ported  as  follows :  While  the  Committee  may  seem  to  have  done  very 
little  work  during  the  past  year,  it  had  laid  the  foundation  for  better 
work  in  the  future.  The  American  Association  of  Nurserymen  had  in- 
vited the  Garden  Club  of  America  to  send  a  representative  to 
their  Chicago  Meeting,  At  this  meeting  it  is  intended  to  discuss  the 
status  of  relationship  between  this  Association  and  the  Garden 
Club  of  America.    At  the  Spring  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America,  Mr.  J.  Edward  Moon,  President  of  the  American  Associa- 
tion of  Nurserymen,  expressed  the  views  of  the  Association  as  an 
organization  upon  Quarantine  37. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  Lectures 
and  Original  Papers.  Mrs.  Frederick  L.  Rhodes,  the  Librarian,  and 
Chairman  of  this  Committee,  reported  as  follows : 

During  the  past  year  the  Librarian  has  revised  and  brought  up  Report  of 
to  date  the  list  of  Lectures  on  subjects  of  interest  to  Garden  Clubs.  Librarian 
This  has  required  correspondence  with  each  lecturer,  in  order  to 
obtain  the  latest  information  as  to  subjects,  lantern  slides,  terms  and 
other  details.  The  revised  list  has  been  pubHshed,  for  the  information 
of  member  clubs,  in  the  Bulletin  for  May.  Member  Clubs  are  requested 
to  send  to  the  Librarian  the  names  and  addresses  of  lecturers,  not 
included  in  the  pubUshed  list,  whose  work  has  been  found  to  be 
satisfactory. 

The  Library  now  contains  115  original  papers,  and  123  pamphlets 
including  University  of  Illinois  Bulletins  of  the  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment Station,  also  Bulletins  of  the  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Agriculture,  and  a  complete  file  of  the  Bulletins  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America.  A  catalogue  of  the  entire  library  has  been  prepared 
during  the  past  year  and  a  copy  has  been  transmitted  to  the  Editor 
of  the  Bulletin  for  pubhcation.  During  the  year  several  requests  for 
papers  have  been  received  from  Member  Clubs  and  the  desired  papers 
have  been  duly  sent. 

17 


In  order  that  the  scope  of  the  library  may  be  extended,  it  is 
suggested  that  Clubs  send  to  the  Librarian  copies  of  all  worthy  papers 
that  may  be  prepared  and  presented  before  them  by  their  members 
or  others. 

Mrs.  Fredeeick  L.  Rhodes, 
Librarian. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  the 
Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers.   Mrs.  H.  W.  Hack,  of  the  Short  Hills 
Garden  Club,  the  Chairman  of  this  Committee,  who  was  unable  to  be 
present  at  this  meeting,  sent  the  follomhg  report.  It  was  read  by  the 
Secretary: 
Report  of        The  report  of  the  Wild  Flower  Committee  is  more  in  the  nature 
THE  Commit-  of  a  recommendation  than  a  report  of  work  accompHshed. 
TEE  ON  THE         A  Committee  was  formed  with  representation  from  every  Club 
Preservation  in  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

OF  Wild        Several  of  the  Clubs  purchased   lantern  slides  with  which  to 
Flowers  instruct  children  about  wild  flowers.    Many  Clubs  joined  the  Wild 
Flower  Preservation  Society,  and  put  up  posters  urging  the  Protection 
of  Wild  Flowers. 

I  was  obliged  to  resign  last  fall  and  as  no  one  was  appointed  to 
take  my  place  the  work  was  suspended. 

I  sincerely  hope  that  some  one  will  be  appointed  to  carry  on  this 
work.  The  people  whom  we  most  want  to  reach  never  see  the  Bul- 
letin. Much  can  be  done  locally  by  every  Club,  and  there  is  a  big 
field  for  legislative  work  such  as  has  been  done  by  the  Audubon 
Societies. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

Joanna  H.  Hack, 
Chairman. 

Upon  motion  duly  made  and  carried  it  was  voted  to  continue  the 
work  of  this  Committee. 

The  Secretary  was  asked  to  read  the  following  Resolution: 
Mrs.  J.  Willis  Martin, 
Madame  President : 
Wild  Flower  In  all  of  our  States  and  Counties  there  are  many  places  of  special 

Preservation  beauty,  and  many  flowers  and  trees  of  great  loveHness  that  are  in 
Resolution  danger  of  being  lost.  Therefore,  it  seems  that  part  of  our  obligation, 
as  one  of  the  specified  objects  of  our  Association,  is  to  encourage  the 
preservation  of  all  woodland  things,  that  the  natural  beauty  spots 
of  our  country  may  not  be  destroyed.  If  through  neglect,  the  cultivat- 
ed flowers  in  our  gardens  die,  they  can  easily  be  replaced,  but  if  the 
Crab-trees  are  torn,  the  Trillium,  Lady  Slippers  and  rare  Ferns  plucked 


to  death,  who  will  restore  those  to  our  wild  gardens?  Although  there 
are  active  societies  to  push  this  work  should  we  not  help  them,  as  we 
represent  a  strong  and  influential  group  of  nature  lovers? 

The  question  was  raised  last  year  as  to  how  we  could  carry  our 
interest  and  knowledge  further  and  use  it  for  the  education  of  the 
public. 

We  suggest  three  practical  methods: 

1.  To  enlarge  our  own  knowledge  of  wild  plants,  trees  and  birds. 
In  most  of  our  Clubs  one  program  a  year  is  devoted  to  the  wild 

flowers.  It  is  an  interesting  meeting  to  those  who  are  familiar  with 
the  wild  flowers,  but  to  those  who  are  not,  and  whose  knowledge 
is  somewhat  limited  to  the  cultivated  plants,  it  is  not  always  appealing. 
One  yearly  program  seems  hardly  enough  to  stimulate  this  interest. 
Therefore,  we  suggest  that  at  each  meeting  of  the  local  Clubs  several 
wild  flowers  be  brought  for  exhibit,  with  a  few  words  of  description 
(not  to  exceed  five  minutes)  given  each  time  by  different  members  of 
the  Clubs.  Trees,  and  sometimes  birds,  might  be  a  part  of  the  pro- 
gram. With  this  slight  efi'ort  we  would  become  more  familiar  with 
our  native  growth,  which  is  the  first  step  towards  an  interest  in  its 
conservation. 

2.  For  our  Annual  Wild  Flower  Program  let  us  have  a  strong 
meeting,  to  which  the  local  Garden  Clubs  shall  invite  all  nature- 
loving  societies  (Wild  Flower  Preservation  Societies,  Audubon  So- 
cieties, etc.)  to  join  with  them  in  a  conservation  meeting,  at  which 
there  might  be  speeches,  exhibits,  moving  pictures,  etc., — anything 
that  a  Club's  ingenuity  could  devise  to  make  the  day  a  success.  The 
meeting  should  be  open  to  the  public  and  held  at  a  County  Fair,  a 
Public  School,  or  in  a  Market  Square,  and  it  should  be  well  advertised. 
The  day  should  be  recognized  as  "Wild  Flower  Conservation  Day" 
by  all  of  the  Garden  Clubs  of  America. 

3.  To  devote  a  part  of  the  Bulletin  to  the  cause  of  Wild  Flower 
Preservation,  every  Club  feeling  its  obligation  to  contribute  reports 
and  various  items  of  interest. 

BELIEVING,  THEREFORE,  that  there  should  be  a  more 
vigorous  policy  on  the  part  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  towards 
a  national  conservation  of  our  native  plants,  trees  and  birds, 

WE  MOVE  the  adoption  of  this  plan  by  the  Garden  Club  of 
America,  and  ask  that  a  strong  recommendation  be  sent  from  this 
body  to  the  local  Garden  Clubs,  urging  their  co-operation  in  this 
movement. 

(Signed) 

19 


Martha  Mercer,  Philadelphia  G.  C. 
Fanny  D.  Farwell,  Illinois  G.  C. 
Kate  L.  Brewster,  Illinois  G.  C. 
Alice  H.  Patterson,  Illinois  G.  C. 
Anna  Gilman  Hill,  Easthampton  G.  C. 
Florence  H.  Crane,  North  Shore  G.  C. 


Louise  Crowninshield,  North.  Shore 

G.C. 
J.  J.  Henry,  Philadelphia  G.  C. 
Katharine  C.  Sloan,  Philipstown  G.  C. 
Anne  T.  Stewart,  Short  Hills  G.  C. 
Rose  Standish  Nichols,  Consultant. 


TEE  ON  Visit 
ESTG   Gardens 


Upon  motion  duly  made  and  carried  this  Resolution  was  referred 
to  the  Committee  on  the  Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  Visiting 
Gardens.  The  Chairman,  Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne,  of  the  Millbrook 
Garden  Club,  reported  as  follows: 

Report  of  During  the  month  of  March  a  letter  was  sent  to  the  Presidents  of 
the  Commit-  the  Clubs  asking  for  an  expression  of  opinion  regarding  an  interchange 
of  the  privilege  of  visits  to  the  gardens  of  the  members  of  the  various 
Member  Clubs.  It  was  early  in  the  season  and  many  of  the  Clubs 
were  scattered,  and  while  quite  a  number  answered,  others  have 
not  done  so  as  yet,  preferring  probably  to  wait  until  the  pleasure 
of  the  Clubs  was  ascertained.  However,  a  commencement  has  been 
made  and  the  summary  of  the  answers  received  is  as  follows: 

19  Clubs  endorsed  the  idea,  several  doing  so  most  heartily.  One 
President  of  a  very  constructive  and  large  Club  favors  opening  every 
garden,  not  only  the  three  or  four  most  effective  ones,  and  thinks  that 
this  plan  would  prove  a  great  incentive  to  intelligent  gardening. 

Another  President  deferred  her  answer  for  the  moment,  fearing 
some  difference  of  opinion  among  members. 

3  Presidents  reported  that  they  would  send  answers  later  in  the 
season  after  the  Clubs  had  had  meetings. 

7  Clubs  suggested  cards  of  admission.  One  Club  suggested  that 
the  Bulletin  publish  in  a  separate  pamphlet  a  list  of  all  Club  members 
with  their  garden  addresses,  and  such  description  or  restriction 
after  the  names  as  each  member  desires. 

2  Clubs  approving  the  idea  will  be  pleased  to  abide  by  any  system 
devised  by  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Several  Clubs  state  that  their  gardens  are  of  informal  character, 
but  that  to  any  members  wishing  to  visit  them  in  an  informal  way  a 
welcome  will  be  accorded  upon  application  to  the  local  Secretaries. 

5  Clubs  send  hsts  of  gardens  open  to  visit,  and  one  President 
states  that  her  Secretary  will  be  prepared  to  furnish  a  list  of  gardens. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  Photo- 
graphs and  Shdes.  Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  of  the  Philipstown  Garden 
Club,  Chairman  of  this  Committee,  reported  as  follows: 


20 


June  30,  1920.  Report  of 
Atlantic  Zone.  the  Slides 

Bedford  Garden  Club 23  Committee 

Short  Hills  Garden  Club       .     .    « 6 

Philipstown  Garden  Club jo 

49 

Central  Zone. 

Shaker  Lakes  Garden  Club 17 

Cincinnati  Garden  Club 12 

Garden  Club  of  Michigan 11 

40 

Southern  Zone. 

Philadelphia  Garden  Club 10 

Allegheny  Garden  Club 12 

Harford  County  Garden  Club 9 

31 

New  England  Zone. 

None 
Total     120 

Atlantic  Zone. 
Chairman,  Mrs.  Junius  S.  Morgan,  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 
Bedford  Garden  Club  24  Shdes  received 

PhiHpstown  Garden  Club  20  Shdes  received 

Short  Hills  Garden  Club  6  Shdes  received 

Trenton  Garden  Club  Reports  cannot  have  shdes 

Rye  Garden  Club  Slides  being  made 

Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties 

Garden  Club  Interested 

East  Hampton  Garden  Club     Having  Shdes  made 
Millbrook  Garden  Club  25  Shdes  being  made 

Morristown  Garden  Club  No  report 

North  Country  Garden  Club     No  report 

Princeton  Garden  Club  Asked  each  member  to  take  two  pic- 

tures   of    their    Gardens    and    their 
Committee  will  decide  from  these. 
Rumson  Garden  Club  No  report 

Somerset  Garden  Club  Having  Shdes  made 

Southampton  Garden  Club        No  report 
Ulster  Garden  Club  No  report 

Summit  Garden  Club  No  report 

21 


New  England  Zone. 
Chairman,  Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage,  West  Morris,  Connecticut. 
Litchfield  Garden  Club  Having  Slides  made 

Chestnut  Hill  Garden  Society  Interested 
Hartford  Garden  Club  " 

Lenox  Garden  Club 
North  Shore  Garden  Club  " 

Ridgefield  Garden  Club  *' 

Washington,  Connecticut,  Gar- 
den Club 
New  Canaan  Garden  Club  " 

Greenwich  Garden  Club  No  answer 

Newport  Garden  Association     Interested 

Central  Zone. 
Chairman,  Mrs.  John  Newberry,  Grosse  Pointe,  Michigan. 
Shaker  Lakes  Garden  Club        Received  17  Slides 
Cleveland  Garden  Club  Will  have  Slides 

Illinois  Garden  Club  Will  have  Slides 

Michigan  Garden  Club  Received  1 1  Slides 

Santa  Barbara  Garden  Club  No  report 
Lake  Geneva  Garden  Club  No  report 
Cincinnati  Garden  Club  Received  13  Slides 

Southern  Zone. 
Chairman,  Mrs.  Willm.m  V.  Elder,  Glyndon,  Maryland. 
Weeders  Expect  to  have  Slides 

Garden  Club  of  Twenty  Cannot  have  Slides 

Warrenton  Garden  Club  Are  having  Slides  made 

Allegheny  Garden  Club  Having  Slides  made.  A  special  photog- 

rapher from   Carnegie   Institute.    8 
Slides  received. 
Philadelphia  Garden  Club         Having  Slides  made.    10  Slides  rec'd. 
Harford  County  Garden  Club    5  SHdes  received 
Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton  Expect  to  have  Slides 
Amateur  Gardeners  Expect  to  have  SHdes 

Green    Spring   Valley    Garden 

Club  Will  have  SHdes  this  summer 

Fauquier  and  Loudoun  Coun- 
ties Garden  Club  Hope  to  have  Slides 
Albermarle  Garden  Club  No  report 
Montgomery  and  Delaware 

Counties  Garden  Club  Will  have  Slides 

James  River  Garden  Club  No  report 

Wilmington  Garden  Club  No  report 

22 


The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  Bill-  Committee  ON 
boards.  Dr.  Edward  L.  Partridge,  of  the  Orange  &  Dutchess  Counties  Bn-i-  Boards 
Garden  Club,  Chairman  of  this  Committee,  reported  as  follows: 

At  this  moment  propaganda  is  the  most  potent  factor  of  combat- 
ing this  evil.  In  order  to  obtain  State  legislation,  it  is  necessary  to 
create  pubHc  opinion.  The  National  Association  of  Gardeners  wrote 
a  letter  of  protest  against  this  evil.  It  would  be  helpful  if  other  organ- 
izations would  do  likewise.  As  propaganda,  photographs  could  be 
taken  of  an  unsightly  billboard,  and  of  the  view  of  which  its  erection 
deprived  the  passer-by.  The  Photographs  and  SHdes  Committee 
might  issue  an  appeal  for  this  kind  of  propaganda. 

Mr.  Fletcher  Steele,  representative  of  the  Association  of  Land- 
scape Architects,  suggested  that  in  the  same  way  that  we  have  laws 
which  place  restrictions  upon  public  nuisances  created  by  sound  and 
smell,  so  there  should  be  a  law  to  prevent  offenses  to  the  eye.  Mr. 
Steele  advised  that  the  propaganda  be  directed  to  this  end. 

The  President  then  opened  the  meeting  for  general  discussion 
asking  for  an  expression  of  opinion  from  non-delegates.  Miss  Ernes- 
tine GooSman  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia,  directed  the 
attention  of  the  Organization  to  the  value  of  fallen  leaves  as  f ertiHzer, 
and  suggested  that  the  Organization  use  its  influence  to  have  these 
leaves  allowed  to  form  leaf  mould  in  the  pubKc  parks,  rather  than 
be  burned. 

Mrs.  John  Wood  Stewart,  Member-at-large,  suggested  that  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  create  pubhc  opinion  opposing  the  thought- 
less throwing  of  waste  papers  in  the  parks  and  pubhc  roads. 

Upon  motion  the  meeting  adjourned. 

After  the  business  meeting,  we  motored  to  the  estate  of  Mrs. 
Richard  T.  Crane,  Jr.  As  the  drive  wound  up  the  long  hill  overlooking 
the  sand  dunes  to  the  Ocean,  the  distant  views  were  enchanting. 
Mrs.  Crane's  gardens  were  unusually  beautiful.  The  borders  of  the 
herbaceous  garden  were  full  of  color,  charmingly  set  against  the 
gray  walls,  and  relieved  by  large  spaces  of  turf.  Through  the  herba- 
ceous garden  we  passed  to  the  Rose  Garden,  where  the  roses  were 
grown  on  a  lower  level,  surrounded  by  a  circular  pergola  on  a  raised 
terrace.  The  plants  were  unusually  fine,  and  the  standards  were  most 
interestingly  grown,  surrounded  by  hybrid  perpetuals  for  the  most 
part,  which  solved  the  question  of  the  sun's  rays  upon  the  standard 
stem,  a  perplexing  problem  to  many  rose  growers.  The  Rose  Garden 
was  one  of  most  luxuriant  growth,  and  is  a  great  tribute  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  its  superintendent,  Miss  Foote,  who  directs  the  culture 
of  Mrs.  Crane's  roses.  The  dinner  upon  the  terrace,  which  included 
the  Presidents  and  the  Delegates,  gave  one  an  opportunity  to  reaUze 
the  extent  and  interest  of  the  view  from  the  terrace  of "  Castle  Hill. " 

23 


After  dinner,  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  was  held 
in  the  large  room  in  the  swimming-pool  Casino. 


Meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  of  the  Session  of  1920. 

The  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  was  held  on  the  evening 
of  July  29th,  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Richard  T.  Crane,  Jr.  It  was 
moved,  seconded  and  carried  that  the  Minutes  of  the  meeting  of  the 
session  of  1919  be  omitted.  The  President  stated  that  this  meeting 
was  called  for  the  purpose  of  creating  informal  discussion  among 
the  Presidents  in  regard  to  their  work,  and  to  get  from  them  an 
expression  of  opinion  which  would  be  helpful  to  the  Directors  in 
outHning  the  policy  of  the  Organization.  The  question  of  correspond- 
ence between  the  National  Office  and  the  Member  Clubs  was  dis- 
cussed. It  was  moved,  seconded  and  carried  that  hereafter  all  cor- 
respondence should  not  only  be  directed  to  the  Presidents,  but  should 
be  answered  by  them  rather  than  by  the  Secretaries  of  the  local  Clubs. 
That  hereafter  the  Secretaries  of  the  local  Clubs  should  attend  only 
to  the  forwarding  of  corrected  addresses  and  the  names  and  addresses 
of  new  members  to  the  National  Office.  It  was  moved,  seconded, 
and  carried,  after  much  discussion  that  a  trial  of  one  year  be  given 
to  the  following  plan:  That  Member  Clubs  should  send  in  their 
corrected  addresses  in  type-written  form,  on  standard  card  catalogue 
cards,  according  to  a  formula  which  would  be  sent  to  them,  by  the 
National  Office. 

The  question  of  the  distribution  of  the  Bulletin  was  again 
brought  up,  and  the  plan  of  bulk  package  distribution  to  the  Clubs 
was  generally  disapproved.  It  was  decided  that  the  present  plan  of 
distribution  be  followed  for  the  present.  Mrs.  Brewster  requested 
that  all  correspondence  be  signed  by  the  married,  as  well  as  the 
Christian  name  of  the  correspondent,  and  that  in  all  cases,  the  name 
of  the  Member  Club  be  included.  The  Secretary  asked  that  the  same 
plan  be  followed  in  the  correspondence  with  the  National  Office. 

The  Presidents  were  asked  to  bear  in  mind  the  following  interests 
of  the  National  Organization:  to  suggest  candidates  for  the  Medal 
of  Honourary  Award.  These  candidates  would  probably  not  be  mem- 
bers of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  To  appoint  Committees 
to  search  out  Historic  Gardens  in  the  vicinity  of  their  Clubs. 

The  question  of  the  Emily  D.  Renwick  Medal  was  then  discussed. 
The  President  stated  that  through  the  generosity  of  Mrs.  Charles  H. 
Stout,  of  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  the  funds  received  for  the 
Dahlia  Prize  of  1919  had  been  diverted  to  the  selection  of  a  Medal 

24 


which  was  to  be  awarded  for  the  greatest  achievement  in  gardening 
or  anything  pertaining  to  gardening  accomplished  by  any  member 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  The  general  discussion  in  regard 
to  this  medal  strongly  emphasized  the  great  stimulus  which  would 
be  given  to  the  Member  Clubs,  not  only  to  realize  the  purpose  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America,  but  by  so  doing  perpetuate  the  great 
contribution  which  Mrs.  Emily  D.  Renwick  gave  to  the  National 
Organization,  through  the  inspiration  and  leadership  which  she 
brought  to  her  work  in  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club.  The  feeling 
was  generally  expressed  that  the  presentation  of  this  Medal  would 
bring  about  an  impetus  to  work,  and  an  enthusiasm  which  would  be 
very  helpful  to  the  Member  Clubs. 

The  President  stated  that  in  the  early  Spring,  before  the  death  of 
Mrs.  Benjamin  T.  Fairchild,  of  the  Orange  &  Dutchess  Counties 
Garden  Club,  the  1919-1920  Committee  of  the  Emily  D.  Renwick 
Medal  Award  had  thought  that  it  would  be  appropriate  to  present  this 
Medal  to  Mrs.  Fairchild,  who  as  Helena  Rutherford  Ely,  had  made  an 
invaluable  contribution  to  gardening  in  America  through  her  book 
entitled.  The  Woman's  Hardy  Garden.  Strong  as  the  feeling  was 
that  this  would  be  fitting,  it  was  called  to  the  attention  of  the  Com- 
mittee that  this  award  would  not  conform  to  the  rules  laid  down  by 
its  donor,  as  the  achievement  for  which  the  Medal  should  be  presented 
should  have  taken  place  during  the  current  year.  It  was  therefore 
decided  to  defer  the  award  of  the  Medal  until  19a i.  The  President 
asked  each  President  to  bring  the  purpose  of  this  Medal  before  their 
Clubs,  and  to  send  in  the  names  of  their  candidates,  to  the  National 
Office. 

Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thome,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Visiting 
Gardens,  expressed  her  enthusiasm  for  the  work  of  her  Committee.  A 
discussion  took  place  by  which  the  privileges  granted  by  this  Commit- 
tee could  be  safe-guarded.  Miss  Wetmore,  President  of  the  Garden  As- 
sociation of  Newport,  spoke  of  a  plan  approved  by  her  Club.  This 
plan  is  to  be  adopted,  and  sent  out  to  the  Presidents  of  the  Member 
Clubs.  In  general  it  would  be  that  each  President  send  in  to  the 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Visiting  Gardens  the  Ust  and  locahty 
of  the  gardens  of  her  Club  which  would  be  open  to  members  of  the 
Garden  Club  or  America.  The  President  of  each  Club  would  be 
furnished  with  cards  of  introduction.  If  a  member  of  any  Club 
wished  to  visit  the  gardens  outside  of  her  Club,  she  would  ask  her 
President  for  a  card,  which  would  be  countersigned  by  her  President, 
and  would  make  her  own  arrangements  with  the  owner  of  the  gar- 
den which  she  wished  to  visit  by  letter  or  by  telephone.  This  plan 
is  subject  to  amendment,  and  Mrs.  Thome,  expressed  a  desire  to 
receive  suggestions  from  Presidents  of  the  Member  Clubs,  as  she 

25 


felt  this  matter  of  arrangement  and  introduction  was  largely  a  ques- 
tion of  preference  on  the  part  of  each  Member  Club. 

A  letter  from  Miss  Jane  B.  Haines,  President  of  the  School  of 
Horticulture  for  Women  at  Ambler  was  read.  The  purport  of  this 
letter  was  an  appeal  for  funds.  The  cause  was  vouched  for  in  a  letter 
by  Mrs.  Charles  Henry,  of  Philadelphia.  As  pertinent  to  the  discus- 
sion, the  Secretary  then  read  a  letter  from  Mrs.  Francis  King  asking 
what  was  the  proper  channel  through  which  to  solicit  contributions 
for  outside  interests  from  the  Garden  Club  or  America,  A  discus- 
sion followed  upon  the  general  policy  of  co-operation  with  other  or- 
ganizations and  a  Resolution  formed  at  the  meeting  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  June  28th,  was  read: 

RESOLVED :  That  the  policy  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
forbid  the  enclosure  in  the  Bulletin  of  leaflets  issued  by  outside 
organizations  in  which  funds  are  solicited. 

This  Resolution  was  unanimously  adopted. 

A  letter  received  by  the  Secretary  from  Mrs.  Francis  King  was 
read,  urging  the  co-operation" of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  with 
the  Woman's  National  Farm  &  Garden  Association,  Inc.,  by  having 
Farm  &  Garden  Association  Committees  in  all  the  Member  Clubs, 
the  members  of  said  Committees  to  be  members  of  both  Organiza- 
tions, and  to  look  out  for  the  interests  of  the  Farm  &  Garden  Associa- 
tion in  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  It  was  stated  the  Allegheny 
Garden  Club  had  some  method  of  co-operation.  The  Allegheny 
Garden  Club  was  asked  to  explain  this  relation.  After  much  dis- 
cussion in  which  the  aims  of  the  two  organizations  were  thoroughly 
discussed,  it  was  decided  that  though  the  interest  on  the  part  of  the 
ofi&cers  and  the  individual  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
for  the  Farm  &  Garden  Association  was  sincere,  it  was  deemed  unwise 
to  initiate  a  policy  of  co-operation  with  the  Farm  &  Garden  Associa- 
tion or  any  other  organization.  It  was  agreed  that  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  had  a  great  and  growing  purpose,  and  that  the 
interest  of  its  members  should  be  directed  solely  in  the  channels  of 
its  own  organization. 

The  Pasadena  Garden  Club  proposed  by  the  Millbrook  Garden 
Club,  and  seconded  by  the  Santa  Barbara  Club,  was  duly  elected  to 
membership  in  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

The  Denver  Garden  Club,  proposed  by  the  East  Hampton  Gar- 
den Club,  and  seconded  by  the  Santa  Barbara  Garden  Club  was  duly 
elected  to  membership  in  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Upon  motion  the  meeting  adjourned. 

The  second  day  began  with  a  visit  to  the  home  of  Mrs.  Walter  S. 
Denegre,  at  West  Manchester.  The  Court  between  the  house  and 
the  large,  informal  ball-room  was  most  interesting.    The  gardens 

26 


were  for  the  most  part  on  a  hillside,  and  were  filled  with  very  interest- 
ing formations  of  rock.  The  members  of  the  Club  were  loath  to  leave 
the  grounds  for  the  business  meeting,  which  was  called  at  half  past  ten. 

The  Second  Business  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
of  the  Session  of  1920. 

The  second  business  meeting  of  the  session  of  1920  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Walter  Denegre, 
on  June  30th,  at  10:30  a.  m. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Special  Committee  on 
Change  of  Name.  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crowninshield,  of  the  North  Shore 
Garden  Club  presented  a  Resolution  on  the  part  of  the  Committee 
to  serve  as  the  basis  of  discussion. 

RESOLVED :  That  the  name  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
be  changed  to  the  Garden  Clubs  of  America.  Much  discussion  ensued. 
Upon  being  duly  put  to  vote,  the  motion  was  lost. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Special  Committee  Committee 
on  Incorporation.    Mrs.  Randal  Morgan,  of  the  Weeders,  reported  as  on  Incorpor- 
f  olio  ws :  ation 

After  examination  and  consultation  with  lawyers,  I  believe  in- 
corporation has  a  number  of  advantages.  It  gives  a  recognized  status 
which  it  is  difficult  for  an  unincorporated  association  to  acquire. 
The  officers  will  have  specific  duties  and  powers  which  will  be  clearly 
defined,  and  members  whose  voting  powers,  dues,  etc.,  can  be  definite- 
ly fixed.  It  also  relieves  the  individual  members  from  personal  liability, 
the  corporation's  assets  ajone  being  responsible  for  its  indebtedness 
incurred  in  the  ordinary  course  of  its  business.  If  money  were  given 
or  a  legacy  left  the  Club  to  administer,  it  would  very  much  simplify, 
matters  having  a  legal  entity  of  a  definite  character  to  take  title. 
It  would  keep  anyone  from  using  this  same  title  absolutely  in  the 
State  in  which  it  became  incorporated,  and  say  New  York  were  used 
as  that  State  (whose  incorporating  laws  are  not  stringent)  it  would 
be  quite  unlikely  any  other  organization  would  take  this  name.  It 
would  be  necessary  to  name  a  place  of  residence  or  business — the  address 
of  a  lawyer's  office  would  answer  the  purpose.  The  cost  would  be 
about  $250.00.  These  are  as  many  facts  as  I  have  been  able  to  glean 
from  my  consultation  with  la-wyers,  but  they  were  most  decidedly 
of  the  opinion  it  would  be  the  one  and  only  course  for  us  to  pursue. 

As  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Incorporation  I  move  that 
this  Association  be  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America,  and  that  the  Chair  be  empowered  to  appoint  a 
Committee  to  undertake  the  work. 

This  motion  was  duly  seconded  and  carried. 

27 


Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster,  Editor  of  the  Bulletin,  gave  to  the 
meeting  a  resume  of  the  discussion  which  took  place  the  preceding 
evening  at  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents,  upon  the  Emily 
D.  Renwick  Medal  Award.  Mrs.  Brewster  stated  as  her  personal 
conviction,  the  great  usefulness  and  impetus  which  the  donation  of 
this  Medal  would  be  to  the  whole  Garden  Club  of  America,  and 
expressed  the  appreciation  of  the  officers  to  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Stout, 
for  her  generosity. 

The  next  business  before  the  meeting  was  the  revision  of  the 
Constitution  &  By-Laws.  According  to  the  Constitution  &  By-Laws 
which  have  governed  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  amendments 
can  only  be  presented  upon  vote  of  a  Member  Club.  These  amend- 
ments were  presented  by  the  Montgomery  &  Delaware  Counties 
Garden  Club,  by  Mrs.  Horatio  Gates  Lloyd,  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee appointed  by  that  Club. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Committee  from  the  Montgomery  &  Delaware 
Counties  Garden  was  requested  to  read  the  revised  Constitution  and 
By-Laws  paragraph  by  paragraph. 


Revised  Constitution  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Presented  for  consideration  by  the  Garden  Club  of  Montgomery 
&  Delaware  Counties  at  the  Annual  Meeting  of  1920. 


L 

Name. 
The  Name  of  this  Association  shall  be  the  Garden  Club  of 
America. 

IL 

Object. 
The  objects  of  this  Association  shall  be,  to  stimulate  knowledge 
and  love  of  gardening  among  amateurs  through  conference  and  cor- 
respondence, in  this  country  and  abroad,  to  aid  in  the  protection 
of  native  plants  and  birds,  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 

IIL 

Membership. 
Section  I. — The  membership  of  this  Association  shall  consist  of 
duly  elected  Amateur  Garden  Clubs  as  units,  and  of  Members-at- 
large. 

28 


Section  II. — The  voting  body  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
shall  be  the  Board  of  Directors,  the  President  of  each  Member  Club 
or  her  duly  appointed  Alternate,  and  one  duly  appointed  Delegate 
from  each  Member  Club. 

Section  III. — At  all  meetings  of  this  Association  the  quorum  shall 
consist  of  the  duly  appointed  representatives  of  ten  Member  Clubs. 

IV. 

Officers. 

The  Officers  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  shall  be  the  Presi- 
dent, four  Vice-Presidents,  a  Secretary,  and  a  Treasurer  who  shall 
be  elected  at  the  Annual  Meeting  for  the  ensuing  year,  or  until  the 
conclusion  of  the  meeting  at  which  their  successors  are  elected. 

AMENDED  AS  FOLLOWS:  The  Officers  of  the  Garden  Club 
OF  America  shall  be  an  Honorary  President,  the  President,  four 
Vice-Presidents,  a  Secretary,  and  so  forth. 

V. 

Directors. 

Section  I. — ^The  Board  of  Directors  shall  be  composed  of  the 
Officers  of  this  Association,  the  Editor  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Gar- 
den Club  of  America,  and  fifteen  Directors,  one  of  whom  shall  be 
the  Librarian. 

Section  II. — ^The  fifteen  Directors  shall  be  divided  into  three 
classes  of  five  each,  who  shall  each  serve  three, years,  or  until  the 
conclusion  of  the  meeting  at  which  their  successors  are  elected.  Five 
shall  be  elected  at  each  Annual  Meeting  to  replace  the  outgoing  class. 

Section  111. — Whenever  an  office  in  this  Association  shall  be  vacant 
the  Board  of  Directors  shall  fill  the  vacancy  for  the  remainder  of  the 
unexpired  term. 

Section  IV. — The  Board  of  Directors  shall  direct  the  policy  and 
have  general  charge  of  the  affairs  of  the  Club. 

Section  V. — There  shall  be  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
at  the  conclusion  of  the  meeting  at  which  they  are  elected. 

Section  VI. — Meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors  may  be  called  by 
the  President  or  at  the  request  of  three  Directors,  or  at  the  request 
of  five  Member  Clubs. 

Section  VII. — Five  members  of  this  Board  shall  constitute  a 
quorum. 

VL 

Meetings  and  Elections. 
Section  I. — ^The  Annual  Meeting  for  the  election  of  Officers  and 
Directors,  and  for  the  transaction  of  business  shall  be  held  at  such 

29 


place  and  such  date  as  may  be  determined  by  the  Board  of  Directors 
and  the  members  of  this  Association  shall  be  notified  by  mail  at  least 
one  month  before  the  meeting. 

Section  II. — A  ticket  of  candidates  shall  be  submitted  by  the 
Nominating  Committee  to  the  Presidents  of  the  Member  Clubs  at 
least  one  month  before  the  Annual  Meeting. 

Section  III. — Upon  vote  of  the  duly  appointed  representatives 
of  any  five  Member  Clubs  a  second  ticket  of  candidates  may  be  pre- 
sented for  election  at  the  Annual  Meeting. 

Section  IV. — Meetings  of  this  Association  may  be  called  by  the 
President,  or  at  the  request  of  three  Directors,  or  at  the  request  of  the 
Presidents  of  five  Member  Clubs. 

VII. 

Amendments. 
Any  amendment  to  this  Constitution  may  be  proposed  in  due  form 
by  one  Member  Club,  and  must  be  submitted  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  to  all  Member  Clubs  at  least  one  month 
before  the  Annual  Meeting,  and  to  be  adopted  must  receive  the  votes 
of  two-thirds  of  those  authorized  to  vote. 

Revised  By-Laws  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Presented  for  consideration  by  the  Garden  Club  of  Montgomery 
and  Delaware  Counties  at  the  Annual  Meeting  of  1920. 


Duties  or  Officers. 

Section  I. — The  President,  or  in  his  or  her  absence  the  Vice- 
Presidents  in  order,  shall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  Board  of  the 
Directors,  and  of  this  Association.  The  President  by  virtue  of  his 
or  her  ofiice  shall  be  a  member  of  all  Committees  except  the  Nominat- 
ing Committee. 

Section  II. — The  Secretary  shall  keep  a  record  of  all  proceedings 
of  the  Club,  notify  Member  Clubs  of  their  election,  issue  all  notices, 
and  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  designated  by  the  Board  of 
Directors. 

Section  III. — The  Treasurer  shall  receive  all  money  due  the  Club 
and  receipt  for  the  same,  shall  be  responsible  for  the  disbursement 
of  the  funds  and  shall  keep  the  accounts,  which  shall  be  open  at  all 
times  to  the  inspection  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  shall  report 
at  the  Annual  Meeting.  The  accounts  shall  be  audited  by  a  Committee 
appointed  by  the  President. 

30 


II. 

Committees. 
Executive  Committee. 
Section  I. — There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee  of  five  appoint- 
ed by  the  Board  of  Directors  from  its  own  membership  in  which  the 
powers  of  the  Board  shall  be  vested  between  its  meetings. 
Nominating  Committee. 
Section  II. — ^There  shall  be  a  Nominating  Committee  of  five 
appointed  by  the  Executive  Committee.  The  report  of  this  Committee 
shall  be  submitted  to  the  Presidents  of  the  Member  Clubs  at  least  one 
month  before  the  Annual  Meeting. 

III. 

Standing  Committees. 
Bulletin  Committee. 
Section  I. — ^There  shall  be  a  Bulletin  Committee  whose  duty  it 
shall  be  to  issue  the  ofiicial  pubUcation  of  the  Association,  the  Bulletin 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  The  Chairman  of  this  Committee 
shall  be  elected  by  the  Board  of  Directors  and  shall  form  his  or  her 
own  committee. 

Finance  Committee. 

Section  II. — There  shall  be  a  Finance  Committee  to  advise  in 
regard  to  the  finance  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  The  Chairman 
of  this  Committee  shall  be  elected  by  the  Board  of  Directors,  and 
shall  form  his  or  her  own  Committee. 

Section  III. — The  number  of  Standing  Committees  may  be  added 
to  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 


IV. 

Council  of  Presidents. 

Section  I. — There  shall  be  a  Council  of  Presidents,  representing 
the  general  interests  of  the  Members,  to  act  as  an  Advisory  Council 
to  the  Board  of  Directors. 

Section  II. — ^The  Presidents  of  Member  Clubs  or  their  duly 
appointed  Alternates,  shall,  by  \'irtue  of  their  office,  be  members  of 
the  Council  of  Presidents. 

Section  III. — Meetings  of  this  Council  may  be  called  by  the 
President  of  this  Association,  or  at  the  request  of  any  three  Presidents 
of  any  Member  Clubs. 

31 


V. 

Membership. 

Section  I. — Garden  Clubs  desiring  to  become  members  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  shall  be  duly  proposed,  and  seconded  by- 
two  Member  Clubs  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  according  to 
the  rules  of  membership.  Their  names  shall  be  sent  to  the  Secretary 
who  shall  submit  them  to  the  Board  of  Directors  for  election. 

Section  II. — No  Club  shall  be  ehgible  for  membership  unless  it 
has  been  in  existence  for  two  years,  and  unless  it  has  a  membership 
of  twenty  persons. 

Section  III. — Members-at-large  are  those  who  for  geographical 
reasons  may  not  belong  to  a  Member  Club  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America.  They  shall  be  duly  proposed  and  seconded  by  two  members 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  according  to  the  rules  of  member- 
ship. Their  names  shall  be  sent  to  the  Secretary  who  shall  submit 
them  to  the  Board  of  Directors  for  election.  More  than  one  adverse 
baUot  shall  exclude.  Such  members  shall  enjoy  all  privileges  of  the 
Club  excepting  the  power  of  vote,  and  nomination. 

Section  IV. — A  Member  Club  or  a  Member-at-large  may  be 
dropped  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  Board  of  Directors  for  poHcies 
deemed  to  be  injurious  to  the  interests  or  opposed  to  the  objects  of 
the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

AMENDED  AS  FOLLOWS:  Section  II.— No  Club  shall  be 
eligible  for  membership  unless  it  has  been  in  existence  for  two  years, 
and  unless  it  has  a  membership  of  not  less  than  twenty  persons. 

VI. 

Fiscal  Year. 

The  fiscal  year  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  shall  be  from 
January  ist  to  January  ist. 

AMENDED  AS  FOLLOWS:  The  fiscal  year  of  the  Garden  Club 
OF  America  shall  be  from  July  ist  to  July  ist. 

VIL 

Dues. 

Section  i. — The  Annual  dues  of  the  Member  Clubs  shall  be  at 
the  rate  of  $2 .  oo  per  year  for  each  individual  member  of  each  Member 
Club,  which  amount  shall  be  paid  by  each  Club  collectively. 

Section  II. — ^The  Treasurer  shall  notify  all  Clubs  of  the  amount 
of  their  dues  during  the  month  of  January.  Those  Clubs  whose  dues 
are  not  paid  by  May  ist  shall  be  notified  that  they  are  in  arrears, 
and  that  unless  their  dues  be  paid  within  two  months  they  may  be 
dropped  from  the  roll.  Members  elected  subsequent  to  July  will  pay 
only  half  dues. 

32 


AMENDED  AS  FOLLOWS:  Section  IL— The  Treasurer  shall 
notify  all  Clubs  of  the  amount  of  their  dues  during  the  month  of  July. 
Those  Clubs  whose  dues  are  not  paid  by  November  ist,  shall  be  notified 
that  they  are  in  arrears,  and  that  unless  their  dues  be  paid  within 
two  months  they  may  be  dropped  from  the  roll.  Members  elected 
subsequent  to  January  will  pay  only  half  dues. 

Section  ni. — ^Annual  dues  of  Members-at-large  shall  be  $2.50. 
The  Treasurer  shaU  notify  Members-at-large  of  the  amount  of  their 
dues  during  the  month  of  January.  Members-at-large  whose  dues 
are  not  paid  by  May  ist,  shall  be  notified  that  they  are  in  arrears,  and 
that  unless  their  dues  be  paid  within  two  months  they  may  be  dropped 
from  the  roll.  Members-at-large  elected  subsequent  to  July  will  pay 
only  half  dues. 

AMENDED  AS  FOLLOWS:  Section  III.— Annual  dues  of 
Members-at-large  shall  be  $5 .  00.  The  Treasurer  shaU  notify  Members 
at-large  of  the  amount  of  their  dues  during  the  month  of  July.  Mem- 
bers-at-large whose  dues  are  not  paid  by  November  ist,  shaU  be  notified 
that  they  are  in  arrears,  and  that  unless  their  dues  be  paid  within  two 
months  they  may  be  dropped  from  the  roll.  Members-at-large  elected 
subsequent  to  January  will  pay  only  half  dues. 

VIII. 

Amendments. 

Amendments  to  these  By-Laws  may  be  proposed  by  the  Board  of 
Directors,  or  by  one  Member  Club,  and  may  then  be  presented  for 
vote  at  the  Annual  Meeting,  or  any  meeting  called  specially  for  the 
purpose. 

It  was  moved,  seconded,  and  unanimously  carried  that  the  revised 
Constitution  &  By-Laws,  as  amended,  presented  by  the  Garden  Club 
of  Montgomery  &  Delaware  Counties  be  substituted  for  the  Consti- 
tution adopted  at  Princeton,  May  12,1914,  and  the  By-Laws  adopted 
at  Baltimore,  May  11,  1915,  and  amended  at  Philadelphia,  February 
5,1916. 

Mrs.  Charles  Biddle  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Philadelphia  asked 
permission  of  the  Chair  to  present  the  following  Resolution: 

It  is  with  heartfelt  sorrow  and  a  deep  sense  of  personal  loss  that  In  Memory 
the  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  record  the  death  ^'^  Mrs. 
of  Mrs.  Benjamin  T.  Fairchild,  one  of  the  Founders  of  the  Club  and  Fairchild 
a  Vice-President  for  five  years. 

With  her  keen  interest,  practical  knowledge,  experience  and 
originahty,  Mrs.  Fairchild  brought  to  the  Club  great  inspiration, 
and  vitalizing  energy,  and  gave  lavishly  and  unreservedly  of  her  time 

33 


and  talents  for  the  advancement  and  development  of  the  Club.  To 
her  books  much  that  is  beautiful  and  satisfying  in  our  gardens  owes 
its  existence.  In  the  people  of  the  country  at  large  she  re-awakened 
the  sense  of  the  possibility  to  create  their  own  gardens  and  in  her 
death  they  have  lost  a  guide,  a  counsellor  and  friend. 

RESOLVED :  That  this  Minute  be  entered  on  the  records  of  the 
Club  and  copies  sent  to  the  members  of  Mrs.  Fairchild's  family. 
June  30,  1920. 

Proposed  by:  Mrs.  Charles  Biddle 

Seconded  by:  Mrs.  Bayard  Henry 

The  meeting  rose  in  acceptance  of  this  Resolution. 

Miss  Heloise  Meyer,  President  of  the  Lenox  Garden  Club  stated 
that  the  Lenox  Garden  Club  would  take  pleasure  in  opening  its  gardens 
to  any  of  the  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  returning 
from  the  Annual  Meeting.  White  flags  would  be  posted. at  the  en- 
trances. 

Mrs.  Oaldeigh  Thorne,  President  of  the  Millbrook  Garden  Club 
stated  that  she  would  take  pleasure  in  opening  her  gardens  to  the 
members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  returning  from  the  Annual 
Meeting,  and  graciously  extended  an  invitation  for  luncheon  or  for 
dinner  to  those  who  were  passing  that  way  on  Friday,  July  2nd. 

The  President  asked  for  a  report  from  the  Nominating  Committee. 
Mrs.  Benjamin  Warren,  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Michigan,  reported  as 
follows : 

Report  of  the  Nominating  Committee  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America.   June,  1920. 

At  the  regular  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  held  in 
New  York,  on  March  17th,  the  Nominating  Committee  to  prepare 
the  ticket  for  the  Annual  Meeting,  was  appointed  by  Mrs.  Martin,  as 
follows: 

Chairman,  Mrs.  Benjamin  T.  Fairchild;  Mrs.  Benjamin  Warren; 
Mrs.  Samuel  Edson  Gage. 

One  meeting  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Fairchild,  at  which 
the  Committee  were  all  present,  and  plans  for  the  ticket  outlined. 
Upon  the  illness  and  subsequent  death  of  Mrs.  Fairchild,  the  final 
preparation  of  the  ticket  devolved  upon  the  undersigned,  who  begs 
to  acknowledge  the  kind  assistance  of  Mrs.  Martin  and  Mrs.  Pratt. 

The  Committee  wishes  to  record  its  sincere  sorrow,  and  sense 
of  loss  in  the  death  of  the  Chairman,  Mrs.  Fairchild. 

The  ticket  is  herewith  submitted. 

President,  Dr.  Edward  L.  Partridge,  Orange  &  Dutchess  Counties 
Garden  Club;  ist  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  Philipstown 
Garden  Club;  2nd  Vice-President,  Mrs.  John  A  Stewart,  Jr.,  Short 

34 


Hills  Garden  Club;  3rd  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Samuel  A.  Taft,  Cin- 
cinnati Garden  Club;  4th  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crownin- 
shield,  North  Shore  Garden  Club;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Hugh  D.  Auchin- 
closs,  Newport  Garden  Association;  Secretary,  Mrs,  Harold  Irving 
Pratt,  North  Country  Garden  Club, 

Respectfully  submitted, 
Margaret  L.  Gage, 

Chairman. 

The  ticket  was  accepted  as  read  with  the  following  additions: 

A  member  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Princeton  nominated  Mrs.  J. 
Willis  Martin  as  Honorary  President.  This  nomination  was  accepted 
with  applause. 

A  member  of  the  Summit  Garden  Club  offered  the  following 
nomination: 

The  member  stated  that  while  recognizing  the  qualities  of  Dr. 
Edward  L.  Partridge,  of  the  Orange  &  Dutchess  Counties  Garden  Club, 
as  candidate  for  President,  her  Club  begged  to  call  the  attention  of 
the  meeting  to  the  fact  that  the  Garden  Club  or  America  was 
largely  a  Woman's  organization.  She  therefore  begged  to  add  to  the 
ticket  the  name  of  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  President  of  the  North  Shore 
Garden  Club,  Massachusetts,  as  candidate  for  President  of  the  Gar- 
den Club  of  America. 

Inasmuch  as  there  were  two  nominations  for  the  office  of  President, 
Mrs.  Benjamin  Warren,  Chairman  of  the  Nominating  Committee, 
moved  that  the  ticket  be  split,  and  that  the  Secretary  be  empowered 
to  cast  the  ballot  for  the  election  of  all  officers  with  exception  of  the 
President. 

This  motion  was  seconded  and  duly  carried. 

Upon  motion  duly  made,  seconded,  and  carried,  it  was  voted  that 
the  election  for  President  should  be  by  ballot. 

The  result  of  the  elections  announced  by  the  retiring  President, 
Mrs.  J.  WDlis  Martin,  was  as  follows: 

President  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  North  Shore  Garden  Club. 

ist  Vice-Pres.    Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  PhiKpstown  Garden  Club. 

2nd  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  Short  Hills  Garden  Club. 

3rd  Vice-Pres.    Mrs.  Samuel  A.  Taft,  Cincinnati  Garden  Club. 

4th.  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crowninshield,  North  Shore 
Garden  Club. 

Treasurer.  Mrs.  Hugh  D.  Auchincloss,  Newport  Garden  Associa- 
tion. 

Secretary.  Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt,  North  Country  Garden  Club 
of  L.  I. 

Honorary  President.  Mrs.  J.  Willis  Martin,  Philadelphia  Garden 
Club. 

35 


Retirement 


Mrs.  George  A.  Armour,  President  of  the  Princeton  Garden  Club, 
asked  permission  to  present  the  following  Resolution: 
Resolution  RESOLVED:  That  the  retirement  of  Mrs.  Martin  as  first  and 
TiT^  '  *  °^^  President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  leaves  us  in  large 
MARTINS  jneasure  disconsolate;  that  Mrs.  Martin's  leadership  from  the  very 
beginning  of  our  organization  has  been  our  mainstay.  During  the  war, 
our  President  not  only  kept  life  in  the  Clubs,  but  made  them  powerful 
factors  in  food  production.  Since  the  war,  she  has  most  ably  presided 
over  the  society  in  a  time  of  rapid  growth  until  now  we  properly  call 
ourselves  the  most  vivid,  vital  influence  in  all  this  land  against  out- 
of-door  ugliness  and  for  out-of-door  beauty.  To  have  built  up  such 
an  organization  is  no  small  achievement.  Throughout  her  years 
of  office,  Mrs.  Martin  has  given  us  such  able  and  devoted  service  as 
can  only  be  matched  by  the  affection  and  confidence  in  which  we,  the 
members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  hold  and  shall,  ever  hold 
her.  As  we  grow,  her  counsel  will  be  increasingly  valuable  to  us,  and 
we  rejoice  that  this  most  happy  leadership  now  resolves  itself  into 
an  equally  happy  companionship,  a  companionship  in  which  we  shall 
all  advance  together  in  the  pursuit  of  the  loveliest  of  the  creative  arts. 

The  meeting  rose  in  acceptance  of  this  Resolution,  and  manifested 
its  appreciation  in  hearty  applause. 

Upon  motion  the  meeting  adjoiurned. 

After  the  adjournment  of  the  Business  Meeting,  the  members  were 
reminded  of  the  Horticulture  Show  at  Manchester,  Massachusetts, 
which  was  well  worth  the  visit.  It  was  an  exceedingly  well  arranged 
and  well  conceived  Flower  Show,  and  the  gardeners,  who  were  mem- 
bers of  this  organization  received  many  congratulations  from  apprecia- 
tive members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  After  the  Flower 
Show,  the  members  visited  the  garden  of  Mrs.  Scott  Fitz,  who  wel- 
comed the  Garden  Club  of  America  personally.  The  garden  was 
built  with  a  superb  oak  tree  as  an  axis,  and  was  full  of  charming  color 
combinations.  There  was  a  most  interesting  statue  of  St.  Francis  at 
the  end  of  one  of  the  paths,  set  so  as  to  form  a  most  quaint  little  bird 
fountain. 

The  delegates  were  entertained  at  luncheon  by  our  newly  elected 
President,  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  who  had  shown  such  unusual  abiHty 
as  an  executive  in  her  management  of  the  many  details  of  this  Annual 
Meeting.  Mrs.  Crosby's  garden  was  full  of  lovely  color.  Her  under- 
standing of  color  was  emphasized  by  charming  combinations  of  potted 
plants  which  all  enjoyed,  upon  the  verandas. 

After  luncheon  we  motored  to  Eastern  Point,  Gloucester,  where 
we  followed  the  little  narrow  path  which  led  to  the  ItaHan  Villa, 
"Latomia"  (quarry)  belonging  to  Miss  Davison  and  Miss  Hawley. 
This  spot  is  unique  in  its  beauty.    The  house  is  built  on  the  edge 

36 


of  a  quarry  which  was  suddenly  rendered  useless  by  being  flooded 
by  a  spring.  This  water  has  found  its  natural  outlet,  and  has  formed 
a  pond  of  amazing  depth,  which  acts  as  a  mirror  to  the  Villa,  the  trees, 
and  the  vegetation  which  grow  upon  the  highly  colored  rocks.  The 
grounds  are  tiny  to  the  point  of  minuteness,  and  Miss  Davison  and 
Miss  Hawley  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  harmony  of  treatment 
which  pervades  "Latomia. "  The  memory  of  this  spot  is  one  which 
is  indelibly  impressed  upon  the  memory  of  the  members  of  the  Gar- 
den Club  of  America. 

The  drive  back  to  the  beach  at  the  foot  of  the  place  of  Mr.  White- 
house,  at  Manchester  Cove,  was  made  by  way  of  a  drive  around 
Eastern  Point.  The  walk  along  the  shore  revealed  to  us  the  rugged 
beauty  of  this  Coast.  The  view  from  Mrs.  Hopkinson's  point  is 
superb,  and  the  composition  and  treatment  of  the  wind-swept  Austrian 
pines,  against  the  bold  rocks,  looking  through  to  the  blue  ocean,  is  one 
of  very  great  beauty. 

From  thence  we  passed  through  Miss  Sturgis's  place,  and  walked 
across  the  white  sands  of  Dana's  Beach,  unusual  in  its  breadth,  to  the 
place  of  Mrs.  Gardner  M.  Lane.  Mrs.  Lane's  place  is  most  luxuriant 
in  its  vegetation,  with  very  handsome  trees,  and  a  luxuriant  growth 
of  shrubs.  The  formal  water  garden  was  very  beautiful  in  its  design. 
We  walked  through  the  lower  formal  terrace  to  a  most  mysterious 
wood's  walk  covered  with  pine  needles,  which  was  edged  with  rare 
specimens  of  wild  lilies  and  many  plants  native  to  the  woods  of  Mass- 
achusetts. Mrs.  Lane  very  graciously  entertained  the  entire  mem- 
bership at  tea,  which  was  much  appreciated  at  this  hour  of  the  day. 

After  leaving  Mrs.  Lane's  by  motor,  we  walked  through  the  beau- 
tiful Avenue  of  Miss  Loring,  to  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Shaw,  where  we 
found  a  delightfully  intimate  garden  which  showed  the  care  and 
thoughtfulness  of  its  owner. 

From  Mrs.  Shaw's  we  went  to  the  estate  of  Mrs.  William  H. 
Moore  whose  path  down  the  side  of  a  hill,  and  whose  Willow  Walk 
were  most  interesting.  The  Willow  Walk  was  very  suggestive  to  the 
members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  and  awakened  much 
enthusiasm.  Mrs.  Moore  entertained  the  Presidents  and  the  Dele- 
gates at  dinner  upon  her  terrace. 


Conference  of  the  Newly  Elected  Oflicers  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  on  June  30th. 

An  informal  conference  of  the  newly  elected  officers  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  which  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  S.  V.  R. 
Crosby,  on  June  30,  at  9:30  p.  m.,  included  Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby, 

37 


North  Shore  Garden  Club,  newly-elected  President.  Mrs.  Samuel 
Sloan,  Philipstown  Garden  Club,  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crowninshield, 
North  Shore  Garden  Club,  Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  Short  Hills 
Garden  Club,  Mrs.  Hugh  D.  Auchincloss,  Newport  Garden  Associa- 
tion, Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt,  North  Country  Garden  Club  of  L.  I., 
Secretary  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

According  to  Article  V.,  Section  3,  of  the  newly  adopted  Con- 
stitution: "Whenever  an  office  in  this  Association  shall  be  vacant, 
the  Board  of  Directors  shall  fill  the  vacancy  for  the  remainder  of  the 
unexpired  term.  Inasmuch  as  the  newly-elected  officers  formed  the 
nucleus  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  represented  a  quorum,  accord- 
ing to  Article  V.,  Section  7,  the  following  Directors  were  elected 
Board  of  ^°  ^^  ^^^  fifteen  vacancies  of  the  Board: 
Directors  ^^^-  Robert  C.  Hill,  960  Park  Avenue,  New  York  City,  and  East 

Hampton,  L.  I.,  East  Hampton  Garden  Club. 
Mrs.  Francis  King,  Alma,  Michigan,  Garden  Club  of  Michigan. 
Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne,  Millbrook,  New  York,  and  Santa  Barbara, 

Cahfornia,  Millbrook  Garden  Club. 
Mrs.  J.  WilHs  Martin,  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Philadelphia  Garden  Club. 
Miss  Deha  Marble,  Bedford,  Nev/  York.   Bedford  Garden  Club. 
Dr.  Edward  L  Partridge,  19  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City,  and 

Cornwall-on-Hudson  Garden  Club  of  Orange  &  Dutchess  Counties. 
Mrs.  Frederick  L.  Rhodes,  Short  Hills,  New  Jersey.    Short  Hills 

Garden  Club. 
Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison,  Belvoir  House,  Belvoir,   Fauquier  County, 

Virginia,  Garden  Club  of  Fauquier  &  Loudoun  Counties. 
Mrs.  Henry  Rea,  Sewickley,  Pennsylvania.  Garden  Club  of  Allegheny. 
Mrs.  Francis  C.  Farwell,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois.    Garden  Club  of 

Illinois. 
Mrs.  Horatio  Gates  Lloyd,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania.     Garden  Club 

of  Montgomery  &  Delaware  Counties. 
Mrs.  Samuel  Edson  Gage,  309  Sanford  Avenue,  Flushing,  L.  I.,  and 

West  Morris,  Conn.   Litchfield  Garden  Club. 
Mrs.  William  Pierson  Hamilton,  32  East  36th  Street,  New  York  City, 

and  Sterlington,  N.  Y.  Garden  Club  of  Orange  &  Dutchess  Counties. 
Mrs.  Allan  Marquand,  Guernsey  Hall,  Princeton,  New  Jersey.  Prince- 
ton Garden  Club. 
Mrs.  A.  S.  Ingalls,  Station  H., Lake  Shore  Boulevard,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Cleveland  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster  was  unanimously  elected  as  Editor  of 
the  Bulletin  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Mrs.  Frederick  L.  Rhodes  was  unanimously  elected  as  Librarian 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

38 


The  Secretary  was  ordered  to  notify  by  mail  those  who  could 
not  be  notified  verbally  of  their  election. 

Upon  motion  the  meeting  adjourned. 

On  the  third  day  we  visited  the  place  of  Mrs.  William  C.  Endicott, 
at  Danvers,  where  the  entrance  avenue  of  elms  was  very  beautiful. 
The  Tea  House,  built  in  1793,  at  the  entrance  of  the  rose  garden  was 
exceedingly  picturesque,  and  we  were  much  interested  in  the  superb 
Tulip  Tree  in  the  center  of  the  garden  walk. 

The  Lindens,  fittingly  named  from  the  handsome  avenue  of 
Hndens  at  the  entrance,  is  owned  by  Mrs.  Ward  Thoron.  Here  our 
interest  was  centered  in  the  house  itself  which,  built  in  1753,  was  filled 
with  most  beautiful  mantels  and  interesting  old  wall  papers. 

We  motored  by  way  of  Nahant,  where  we  saw  the  charmingly 
terraced  gardens  of  Mrs.  Guild,  and  Mrs.  Richardson,  to  the  Brook- 
Hne  Country  Club,  where  we  were  the  guests  at  luncheon  of  a  large 
number  of  the  members  of  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club. 

The  enthusiasm  of  the  members  was  greatly  stimulated  by  the  Annual 
announcement  at  this  luncheon  that  at  the  Annual  Meeting  of  192 1,  Meetings 
the  Garden  Club  of  America  was  invited  to  be  the  guest  of  the  Al-  of  1921 
bermarle  Garden  Club,  at  Charlottesville,  Virginia. 

After  luncheon,  we  motored  to  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  where, 
at  half  past  four  o'clock,  the  first  Medal  of  Honourary  Award  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  was  presented  to  Professor  Charles  Sprague 
Sargent,  Director  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum.  The  presentation 
ceremony  was  held  upon  the  steps  of  the  Administration  Building 
of  the  Arnold  Arboretum.  Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt,  a  member  of  the 
Committee  for  the  selection  of  the  Medal  of  Honourary  Award,  and 
Secretary  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  presented  the  Medal. 
Mrs.  Pratt  spoke  as  follows : 

Medal  Presentation  Speech 

In  1868,  through  the  foresight  of  two  of  the  Trustees  of  the  estate 
of  Benjamin  Arnold  of  New  Bedford,  a  bequest  of  100,000  dollars  was 
turned  over  to  Harvard  University,  for  the  establishment  of  an 
Arboretum.  The  agreement  read,  that  every  tree  and  every  shrub 
able  to  endure  the  climate  of  Massachusetts  should  be  grown  there. 
At  the  time  Harvard  received  this  bequest  it  already  owned  lands 
which  could  be  used  for  the  purpose.  Fortunately  these  lands,  and 
the  adjoining  tracts  which  were  afterwards  added,  were  picturesque, 
and  included  hills,  and  a  lovely  httle  valley,  meadow  land,  and  wood- 
land with  large  primeval  trees. 

In  1872  Harvard  University  created  a  Chair  of  Arboriculture  and 
appointed  its  first  Professor,  Charles  Sprague  Sargent.    Because  of 

39 


the  broad  vision  and  persistent  endeavor  of  this  one  man,  there  exists 
today  an  unusual  contract  between  the  City  of  Boston  and  Harvard 
University.  This  contract  deeds  to  the  City  of  Boston  what  is  un- 
officially described  as  some  200  acres  of  meadow,  hill,  and  valley,  and 
in  turn  leases  it  to  Harvard  University  for  the  rental  of  one  dollar  a 
year  for  the  term  of  one  thousand  years  from  the  date  thereof,  with 
the  privilege  of  renewal.  And  so  the  Arnold  Arboretum  is  guaranteed 
forever. 

The  way  of  the  path-finder  is  always  a  hard  road  to  travel,  and  we 
can  well  imagine  with  what  Httle  sympathy  this  project  met  in  its 
early  days  in  the  minds  of  practical  New  Englanders.  Those  who 
would  have  the  greatest  interest  in  the  study  of  foreign  languages  and 
foreign  customs  might  have  seen  little  purpose  in  the  study  of  foreign 
shrubs  and  trees. 

But  perseverance  won  its  way,  and  today  we  have,  not  a  Botanical 
Garden  of  the  usual  pattern,  but  a  tract  of  land  devoted  to  the  culture 
of  trees,  shrubs,  and  hardy  vines.  In  purpose  and  in  arrangement  it 
is  the  most  scientific  of  gardens,  but  in  appearance  one  of  the  most 
lovely,  most  delightful,  and  most  individual  of  parks.  I  shall  not 
dwell  upon  its  usefulness  as  a  place  where  everyone,  from  the  scientist 
to  the  schoolgirl,  may  gain  knowledge,  nor  shall  I  describe  at  length 
how  tree  lovers  may  come  here  to  find  their  particular  variety  of  tree, 
and  study  at  length  their  own  variety.  Nor  shall  I  do  more  than  state 
that  in  this  Administration  Building  there  exists  a  library  where 
these  students  may  find  more  than  33,000  volumes  and  9,000  pamph- 
lets. I  should  like  to  describe  the  great  service  which  the  Arboretum 
renders  by  distributing  seeds  and  plants,  and  by  spreading  knowledge 
about  them  in  acting  as  a  center  of  exchange  with  foreign  gardens; 
and  by  sending  out  expeditions  to  search  out  new  trees,  new  shrubs, 
and  new  hardy  vines  to  the  farthest  corners  of  the  earth,  in  order  to 
bring  back  and  test  out  here  their  discoveries  in  regard  to  their 
hardiness  and  their  beauty. 

But  I  am  not  here  to  describe  in  detail  the  work  of  the  Arnold 
Arboretum — I  am  here  to  pay  tribute  to  the  genius  and  the  foresight 
of  the  man  who,  since  1872,  has  not  only  directed  its  development,  but 
has  had  to  create  pubHc  opinion,  public  appreciation  and  to  build  up 
and  sustain  the  interest  of  those  whom  he  has  enlisted  to  work  with 
him.  Not  only  has  he  directed  the  scientific  development,  but  upon 
his  shoulders,  too,  has  come  for  the  most  part  the  burden  of  the  financial 
maintenance,  and  what  he  has  not  given  himself,  he  has  personally 
gathered  from  others. 

As  truly  as  a  great  building  is  the  work  of  the  architect  who  designed 
it,  even  though  he  may  have  had  many  advisers,  and  though  many 
helping  hands  may  have  aided  in  its  erection,  so  is  this  Arboretum 

40 


the  work  of  this  one  man.  Even  more  so,  for  the  architect  may  look 
to  the  past  for  his  inspiration,  and  this  Arboretum  stands  unique 
throughout  the  world.  In  the  truest  sense  it  is  the  creation  and  the 
monument  of  Charles  Sprague  Sargent.  And  is  it  not  fitting  that  the 
Garden  Club  of  America,  this  Organization  of  three  thousand 
garden  lovers  as  we  are,  should  wish  to  bestow  its  first  Medal  of 
Honourary  Award  upon  the  man  whose  life  achievement  to  such  an 
immeasurable  extent  has  enriched  the  purpose  of  our  Organization? 

To  scientists  is  known  the  name  of  Charles  Sprague  Sargent, 
Arnold  Professor  of  Agriculture,  of  Harvard  University.  By  all  the 
lovers  of  nature  the  name  of  Professor  Sargent  of  the  Arnold  Arbore- 
tum is  held  in  reverence  and  in  affection.  It  is  to  Professor  Sargent 
of  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  to  whom  it  is  my  honor,  and  my  privilege, 
in  the  name  of  the  Garden  Club  oe  America,  to  present  its  first 
Medal  of  Honourary  Award. 

First  Meeting  of  the  Newly  Appointed  Directors. 

After  the  presentation  of  the  Medal  of  Honourary  Award  to 
Professor  Charles  Sprague  Sargent,  a  meeting  of  the  newly  appointed 
Directors  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  was  held  in  a  hall  of  the 
Administration  Building  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum. 

Those  present  were: 

Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  President,  North  Shore  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  Philipstown  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Short  Hills  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crowninshield,  North  Shore  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster,  Illinois  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Frederick  L.  Rhodes,  Short  Hills  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Francis  C.  Farwell,  Garden  Club  of  Illinois. 

Mrs.  Robert  C.  HiU,  East  Hampton  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne,  Millbrook  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  J.  Wilhs  Martin,  Philadelphia  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison,  Fauquier  &  Loudoun  Counties  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Edson  Gage,  Litchfield  Garden  Club. 

Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt,  Secretary,  North  Country  Garden  Club. 

The  first  business  of  the  meeting  was  the  Roll  Call  of  the  newly 
elected  Directors,  and  the  appointment  of  the  following  Chairmen  of 
Special  and  Standing  Committees. 

Chairman  of  Committees. 
Colour  Chart.  Mrs.  Francis  King,  Alma,  Michigan.    Garden  Club 

of  Michigan. 
Historic  Gardens.     Miss  Deha    Marble,    Bedford,   New  York. 
Bedford  Garden  Club. 

41 


Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers.     Mrs.  Francis  C.  Farwell,  Lake 

Forest,  Illinois.   Garden  Club  of  Illinois. 
Slides.    Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  45  East  53rd  Street,  N.  Y.  C.  and 

Garrison,  N.  Y.   Philipstown  Garden  Club. 
Visiting  Gardens.     Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne,  Millbrook,  N.  Y.  and 

Santa  Barbara,  Calif.   Millbrook  Garden  Club. 
Programme.   Mrs.  Robert  C.  HiU,  960  Park  Avenue,  N.  Y.  C.  and 

East  Hampton,  L.  I.   East  Hampton  Garden  Club. 
The  Emily  D.  Renwick  Medal  Award.    Mrs.  Francis  King,  Alma, 

Michigan.   Garden  Club  of  Michigan. 
Finance.    Mrs.  Horatio  Gates  Lloyd,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania. 

Garden  Club  of  Montgomery  &  Delaware  Counties. 
International  Relations.     Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster,  1220  Lake 

Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  Illinois,  and  Lake  Forest,  111. 
Legislative.    Mrs.  William  Pierson Hamilton,  32  E.  36th-St.  N.  Y.C. 
and  Sterlington,  N.  Y.    Garden  Club  of  Orange  &  Dutchess 
Counties. 
Arboretum.      Mrs.    Francis    B.    Crowninshield,     154    Marlboro 

Street,  Boston,  Mass.   North  Shore  Garden  Club. 
Upon  motion  duly  made,  seconded  and  carried  the  organization  of 
these  Committees  was  confirmed. 

Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  of  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club,  Massachu- 
setts, newly  elected  President,  expressed  her  appreciation  of  the 
honor  which  had  been  conferred  upon  her.  She  asked  that  the  Direc- 
tors feel  free  to  express  their  suggestions  in  regard  to  the  policy  of  the 
Organization. 

The  question  of  how  knowledge  could  best  be  conveyed  to  the 
Member  Clubs,  in  regard  to  the  poUcy  of  the  National  Organization, 
was  discussed.  It  was  stated  that  the  attention  of  the  Presidents 
of  the  Member  Clubs  should  be  called  to  the  fact  that  they  were  the 
clearing  house  of  information  from  the  National  Organization  to  the 
members  of  their  Clubs;  that  they,  as  far  as  possible,  share  this  in- 
formation with  their  members,  and  recommended  to  them  the  read- 
ing of  the  Bulletin,  so  that  each  member  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  might  keep  in  touch  with  the  progress  of  the  work  of  the 
National  Organization. 

The  Chair  appointed  Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne,  of  the  Millbrook  Gar- 
den Club,  the  Chairman  of  a  Committee  of  five  Presidents,  the  other 
four  to  be  chosen  by  Mrs.  Thorne  to  draw  up  a  letter  signed  by  this 
Committee  which  would  outline  to  the  Presidents  in  what  way  they 
could  further  the  object  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  and 
suggesting  to  them  that  they  share  the  communications  from  the 
National  Office  with  their  members. 

There  was  a  discussion  as  to  how  many  general  meetings  should 

42 


be  held  during  the  year,  other  than  the  Annual  Meeting.  An  Autumn 
and  a  Spring  meeting  were  finally  decided  upon. 

The  future  policy  of  the  Nominating  Committee  was  discussed, 
but  it  was  generally  agreed  that  the  provisions  of  the  new  By-Laws 
made  it  possible  for  the  action  of  this  Committee  to  be  democratic 
and  representative  of  the  interests  of  the  Organization  as  a  whole. 

The  question  of  the  cost  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  was 
discussed.  Mrs.  Charles  A.  Stout,  of  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club, 
and  Mrs.  Francis  Farwell,  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Ilhnois  stated  that 
they  felt  it  unfortunate  that  the  business  arrangements  of  the  Club 
should  be  financed  by  the  generosity  of  two  or  three  members.  Mrs. 
Harold  Irving  Pratt  of  the  North  Country  Garden  Club  of  Long 
Island,  Secretary  of  the  National  Organization  stated  that  every  or- 
ganization had  to  have  its  beginning.  That  this  Organization  was  only 
just  starting  its  work,  and  that  if  it  followed  the  policy  outlined  for 
it  by  the  new  Constitution,  it  would,  in  time,  be  self-supporting. 
Until  then  it  was  her  pleasure,  as  Secretary,  to  defray  the  expenses 
of  the  clerical  work  for  the  ensuing  year.  Mrs.  Brewster  also  expressed 
her  willingness  to  follow  the  policy  which  has  been  her  custom  since 
her  acceptance  of  the  position  as  Editor  of  the  Bulletin.  Mrs.  Pratt 
also  stated  that  Mrs.  Auchincloss,  the  Treasurer,  who  was  unable  to 
be  present  at  this  meeting,  had  stated  her  willingness  to  continue  the 
present  arrangement  of  the  Treasurer's  Office.  It  was  pointed  out 
that  the  greatest  expense  of  the  Organization  was  the  Bulletin, 
which  at  the  moment  was  not  self-supporting,  owing  to  the  fact 
that  it  had  been  decided  to  discontinue  advertising.  It  was  felt, 
however,  that  this  was  the  wise  policy  to  pursue,  and  that  owing  to 
the  growth  of  the  Organization,  and  to  the  increasing  numbers  of 
outside  subscribers,  which  are  being  added  to  the  subscription  list 
of  the  Bulletin,  in  time,  it  would  reach  a  degree  of  self-support, 
which  would  be  commensurate  with  the  income  of  the  Organization. 

An  expression  of  appreciation  was  tendered  to  Mrs.  Brewster  for 
her  work  as  Editor  of  the  Bulletin. 

The  question  of  the  winter  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  OF  Ameri-  Date  of 
CA  was  then  discussed.  It  was  decided  that  as  the  President,  Mrs.  S.  V.  Autumn 
R.  Crosby,  was  leaving  for  Europe,  on  the  9th  of  October,  the  first  gen-  Meeting 
eral  meeting  should  be  held  before  her  departure.    The  date  was 
finally  arranged  for  the  7  th  and  8th  of  October.   The  arrangements  ' 
for  the  meeting  were  given  over  to  Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill,  of  the  East 
Hampton  Garden  Club,  Chairman  of  the  Programme  Committee. 

After  an  expression  of  thanks  to  Mrs.  Crosby,  for  the  great 
personal  interest  which  she  had  taken  in  the  arrangements  for  this 
Annual  Meeting,  and  sincere  congratulations  to  her,  for  the  success 
of  her  efforts,  and  of  appreciation  of  what  her  acceptance  of  the 

43 


office  of  President  meant  to  the  Organization,  upon  motion  the  meeting 
adjourned. 

An  invitation  was  extended  for  a  fourth  day,  which  was  accepted 
by  a  number  of  our  enthusiasts.  The  first  visit  was  paid  to  the  estate 
of  Mr.  Henry  Hunnewell,  in  Wellesley,  where  unusual  specimens  of 
rhododendron  were  found.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  our  American 
estates.  Its  treatment  along  the  lake  is  very  suggestive  of  the  old 
gardens  of  England.  The  Italian  garden  of  Mrs.  Larz  Andersen  was 
very  beautiful  with  its  superb  specimens  of  clipped  bays,  and  its 
luxuriant  background  of  pine  growth,  dense  in  its  shade,  was  of  very 
great  interest. 

Faulkner  Farm,  the  estate  of  Mrs.  Edward  Brandigee  showed  a 
very  personal  feehng  in  the  gardens.  There  was  a  most  luxuriant 
growth  of  Euonymous  Radicans,  both  as  vine  and  ground  cover, 
upon  the  upper  slope  facing  the  house,  in  a  grove  of  sugar  maples. 

The  interest  of  the  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
is  proved  by  the  success  of  this  Annual  Meeting.  The  Garden  Club 
OF  America  may  look  forward  to  increased  usefulness,  and  a  very 
healthy  growth,  if  the  enthusiasm  of  the  390  members  who  attended 
this  Annual  Meeting  may  be  used  as  evidence. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Harriet  Pratt, 
Secretary  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

An  Account  of  the  Gardens  Visited  During 
the  Annual  Meeting  of  1920. 

How  great  an  occasion  our  Annual  Meeting  has  come  to  be  is 
attested  by  the  fact  that  when  the  roll  was  called  at  the  First  Business 
Meeting  only  one  Club  failed  to  respond,  "Present"  and  together  the 
Delegates  and  Non-delegates  were  almost  400  strong.  They  needed 
to  be  strong,  too,  as  the  report  herewith  submitted  will  show. 

But  fatigue  is  small  payment  for  perfect  days  and  that  Garden 

Club  members  who   missed   so   rare   an  opportunity  may  realize 

what  they  missed  and  yet  have  a  vicarious  share  in  the  meeting,  the 

Bulletin  Committee  gives  a  short  and  inadequate  description  of  each 

garden  visited. 

Mrs.     Gor-        Pines,  rugged  cliffs,  and  sea! — It  has  been  said  that  a  garden 

DON  Abbott's  could  not  be  made  in  such  an  environment,  but  those  wiseacres  must 

Garden  hang  their  heads  in  shame  when  they  see  the  work  of  the  master  hand. 

Pine  trees  gently  pushed  back  to  make  room  for  sunlight  and  air  to 

reach  the  glade  where  the  flowers  seemed  but  to  have  been  waiting 

for  a  chance  to  grow.    Masses  of  Foxgloves,  pink  and  white,  great 

clumps  of  purple  Lupin,  blue  Anchusa  here  and  there. 

44 


Past  this  brilliant  mass  of  color,  a  shadowy  path  led  one  wandering 
on,  still  under  the  pines,  where  the  eye  was  caught  by  Andromeda 
sprawling  its  bronzy  leaves  almost  under  foot,  by  great  drifts  of  fern, 
and  the  myriad  tiny  wood  plants  that  are  doing  their  part  in  creating 
this  perfection,  until,  through  the  thinning  trees,  one  was  reminded 
of  the  nearness  of  the  sea. 

At  the  cliff  edge  the  garden  changed,  and  rock  plants  spread 
their  tufts,  nestling  in  the  grey  rocks  as  if  nature  had  planted  them 
herself  almost  the  loveliest  effect  being  obtained  by  the  use  of  Flax, 
the  grayness  of  the  atmosphere  lending  color  to  its  blue  eyes. 

These  are  but  impressions,  the  strongest  being  the  respect  paid 
to  the  natural  beauty  of  the  spot,  and  the  magnificence  of  growth 
that  shows  the  kindly  hand  of  understanding. 

*  m  *  #  * 

An  Englishman,  perhaps,  would  be  surprised  at  the  surprise  and  Indian  Hill 
pleasure  of  Americans  in  visiting  an  estate  which  has  belonged  for 
ten  generations  to  the  same  family.  The  ecstasies  of  the  Garden  Club 
over  Indian  Hill  might  amuse  him  but  we  venture  to  say  he  would 
share  them.  The  quaint  and  charming  house  with  its  extraordinary 
contents,  the  garden  whose  loveliness  is  a  pattern  for  modern  days, 
must  win  interest  and  admiration  from  any  fortunate  visitor. 

Certainly  this  house  and  garden  should  be  enrolled  among  the 
Garden  Club's  historic  gardens.  The  following  short  history  which 
has  been  prepared  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moseley  establishes  its  claim. 

Indian  Hill. 

The  history  of  Indian  Hill,  situated  in  West  Newbury,  Mass.,  is 
briefly  this : 

The  original  deed  was  given  by  Great  Tom,  the  Indian  chief,  to 
the  Commoners  of  Newbury  and  by  them  to  John  Poore.  From  that 
time,  1655,  it  has  always  passed  by  will  from  one  generation  to  another. 
My  little  grand-daughter,  Ellen  Poore  Moseley,  will  be  the  tenth 
generation  to  inherit  it. 

The  early  Poores  like  their  neighbors  were  farmers  and  the  original 
house,  a  part  of  the  present  building,  was  erected  about  1688.  One 
of  these  early  Poores  after  visiting  in  England  was  imbued  with 
the  idea  of  changing  the  old  house  into  a  miniature  Manor  House 
and  subsequent  generations  added  to  it. 

Major  Ben  Perley  Poore,  some  seventy  years  ago  after  visiting  at 
Abbotsford,  the  house  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  conceived  the  idea  of  adding 
the  so-called  Continental  Rooms  from  parts  af  famous  Colonial 
houses,  the  stairway  being  from  the  Prince  house  in  Newburyport, 
where  Washington,  Talleyrand  and  Lafayette  all  were  entertained, 
the  paneling  from  the  Province  House  (the  old  Governor's  House  in 

45 


Boston)  and  from  the  John  Hancock  house,  Boston,  the  mantel  from 
the  Stuyvesant  house  in  New  York,  the  front  door  from  the  Edward 
House,  Boston,  etc.  Here  are  collected  the  various  fire-arms  and  a 
drum  that  was  carried  by  the  Newbury  Company  at  Bunker  Hill. 

In  the  fire-place  of  the  old  kitchen  adjoining,  are  various  cooking 
utensils  of  that  period  with  an  unusual  collection  of  old  pewter,  china 
and  early  American  furniture.  Overhead  is  the  old  chamber  fur- 
nished as  it  was  at  that  date  with  the  high-boy  filled  with  family  clothes 
also  of  the  period. 

In  one  of  the  parlors  is  a  set  of  chairs  which  was  at  Mt.  Vernon 
in  Washington's  time  and  in  a  chamber  a  bed  which  belonged  to  and 
was  slept  in  by  Napoleon. 

The  study  is  filled  with  interesting  articles  including  the  carpet 
on  which  Lincoln  stood  when  taking  his  first  oath  of  office  as  President 
in  front  of  the  speaker's  desk  in  the  Senate  Chamber,  a  chair  that 
was  used  by  John  Quincy  Adams  when  a  member  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives after  he  was  President  and  on  which  he  was  resting  when 
he  suffered  the  stroke  of  paralysis  from  which  he  died. 

The  house  is  built  entirely  of  brick  and  stone  and  is  furnished 
throughout  with  early  American  furniture  collected  by  the  various 
owners.  It  contains  over  forty  rooms  and  is  still  occupied  in  the 
summer  time  by  the  family. 

The  garden  which  was  laid  out  by  English  gardeners  comprises  a 
long  walk  up  the  hill,  800  yards  long  to  a  summer-house  at  the  top 
and  at  one  time  was  much  more  extensive  with  intersecting  walks 
and  beds. 

In  1857  the  Massachusetts  Society  for  Promoting  Agriculture  of- 
fered a  prize  of  $1,000  for  the  best  plantation  of  forest  trees  of  not 
less  than  ten  acres  and  ten  years'  growth  for  which  Major  Poore 
competed.  He  planted  thirty  acres  and  won  the  prize.  This  was  the 
first  systematic  planting  in  this  part  of  the  country.  All  prizes  awarded 
the  farm  have  been,  from  time  to  time,  put  into  silver  which  is  used 
in  the  house. 

This  modest  account  of  past  and  present  glories  tells  too  little 
of  the  delightful  hedge-walled  garden  gaily  planted  with  Damask 
Roses  and  other  plants  from  ancient  herbals  which  border  the  central 
grass  path,  truly  a  tapis  vert.  It  should  go  into  detail  and  describe  the 
striped  brocade  dress  folded  away  in  the  high-boy  and  worn  by  a  young 
Miss  Poore  of  ancient  days  to  her  brother's  Commencement  at 
Harvard.  Nor  does  it  speak  of  the  hair-cloth-covered  parlor  set 
perennially  known  as  the  "new  furniture."  It  ought  to  tell  of  the 
astute  Squire  Poore  who  regretted  the  fact  that  his  house  stood  so 
near  the  road  and  set  about  to  effect  a  change.  He  invited  the  select- 

46 


men  to  spend  an  evening  with  him.  In  proper  sequence  he  broached 
his  plan  for  landscape  improvement.  The  select-men  wondered  why 
they  hadn't  thought  of  it  first  and  now  the  house  sets  well  within  its 
lawns  with  the  road  sweeping  away  at  a  respectful  distance. 

A  short  drive  from  Indian  Hill  lies  Mr.  Moseley's  other  house  Maudes- 
and  garden  overlooking  the  sea  at  Newburyport.    Here  luncheon  leigh 
was  served  to  all  of  the  \dsitors  and  afterward  the  first  Business 
Meeting  was  held  in  the  Pine  Grove. 

The  great  gardens  were  visited  and  admired  and  a  beautiful 
exhibit  of  Thurlow's  Peonies,  arranged  for  the  benefit  of  the  Garden 
Club,  excited  much  interest. 

The  visit  ended  with  a  walk  throug  h  the  woods  and  along  a  Laurel- 
covered  bank,  a  rare  treat  to  western  visitors  who  must  journey  a  long 
way  to  see  this  most  beautiful  of  native  shrubs.  Last  year  it  bloomed 
so  profusely  that  this  year  it  has  few  flowers  except  at  Maudesleigh 
where  its  pink  ivory  clusters  were  frequent  enough  to  make  a  fine 
showing.  This  Laurel  has  grown  in  masses  unexcelled  anywhere  in  New 
England  for  more  than  a  hundred  years.  In  the  old  days  it  was  a  picnic 
grove  used  much  by  William  Lloyd  Garrison  and  the  Abolitionists. 
The  grove  itself  would  be  beautiful  without  the  Laurels  but  with 
the  mass  of  shining  green  leaves  and  exquisite  flowers  it  is  perfect. 

We  walk  across  the  sloping  lawn  to  the  west  of  the  house,  de-  The  Garden 
liberately  turning  our  backs  on  that  superb  panorama  of  ocean,  inlet,  at  Castle 
sound  and  salt  marshes,  and  enter  the  cool,  dark  antechamber  of  Hill,  Ipswich 
Laurel  and  conifers  leading  down  to  the  Itahan  Garden. 

Below  us,  as  we  descend  the  moss-grown  steps,  we  catch  ghmpses 
of  old  grey  balustrades,  parterres  of  gay  flowers  and  shadows  of  tall 
evergreens  lying  across  the  closely  clipped  turf.  The  sparkle  of  a 
fountain  seen  through  a  narrow  opening  in  the  dark  cedars  at  the 
extreme  end  reminds  us  of  the  old  gardens  of  Florence.  It  is  late  in 
the  afternoon,  the  time  when  all  gardens  look  their  best  and  the 
slanting  Hght  through  the  trees  which  overhang  the  sides  of  this 
enchanted  ravine  have  a  weird  fairy  effect. 

We  emerge  on  a  terrace  overlooking  the  whole  oval  space.  A 
wall  fountain  plashes  beneath  us  unseen;  birds  are  singing  in  the 
dense  woods  which  surround  this  amphitheatre  cut  into  the  hillside; 
again  we  thrill  at  the  long  shadows  l>'ing  across  flower-bed  and  grass. 
Here  in  this  sheltered  spot  the  fierce  wind  that  we  have  been  batthng 
with  all  the  afternoon  is  only  a  faint  sighing  in  the  tree  tops,  secluded, 
protected,  walled  in  on  each  side — was  there  ever  such  a  setting  for  a 
flower  garden? 

We  hnger  awhile  and  then  leisurely  proceed  down  one  of  the  broad, 
low,  curving  flights  of  steps,  which  leads  us  to  the  side  terraces  which 

47 


run  the  length  of  the  "plaisance. "  Here  and  there  on  the  wide  steps 
are  placed  large  jars  of  quaint  Fuchsias,  a  choice  collection.  Never 
before  have  I  seen  the  Scotch  shrub  Fuchsia  with  its  diminutive  blos- 
soms in  America;  here  are  the  hoop-petticoat  Fuchsias  and  the  pale, 
waxy  "ladies-eardrops"  of  our  grandmothers'  greenhouses,  all  growing 
luxuriantly  in  the  moisture  and  half  shade  of  the  curving  hillside. 
Large  umbrella-shaped  standards  of  that  rare  old  greenhouse  beauty 
the  purple  Laseandra,  so  seldom  seen  now-a-days,  crown  the  pedestals 
of  the  stone  balustrade;  choice  plants  they  are  and  marvelously 
trained  to  their  dainty  parasol  frames,  for  Laseandra  is  really  a  vine. 

From  this  unusual  gallery  or  side  terrace  which  terminates  the 
stairs  we  can  step  down  into  the  central  parterre  by  other  flights 
of  steps,  but  the  gaUery  itself  is  charmingly  planted  with  a  high, 
narrow  border  of  vines,  tall  Delphinium,  Foxglove,  Sweet-peas  and 
Lilies,  which  clamber  or  lean  on  the  high  stone  retaining  wall. 
On  the  side  towards  the  parterre  is  the  balustrade  again  with  its 
border  of  rare,  unusual  flowers.  We  hang  over  its  wide,  inviting  stone 
rail  and  study  the  incredibly  light  and  airy  planting  of  the  central 
parterre  in  its  carefully  blended  pale  coloring.  Now  we  reahze  this 
is  no  "gardener's  garden"  nor  yet  one  ordered  from  the  best  of  the 
landscape-gardeners  be  they  ever  so  talented  (and  rushed),  but  some 
woman  has  put  her  soul  into  the  pale,  deUcious  coloring  which  holds 
you  spellbound.  A  woman  has  studied  and  searched  and  loved  this 
planting;  corrected,  waited,  pulled  out  and  re-planted  and  renounced 
the  flower  that  she  may  have  especially  loved  (she  can  have  it  else- 
where) for  the  sake  of  a  perfect  picture.  This  is  good  gardening! 
Mauve,  lilac,  lavender  and  purple ;  grey,  pale  blue  and  turquoise ;  white, 
cream,  pale  pink,  warm  pink  and  soft  wine  color;  but  carefully,  oh, 
so  carefully  and  wisely!  Just  the  right  amount  and  the  right  tone  of 
soft,  pale,  warm  yeUow  and  buff;  what  crimson  there  is  never  heavy 
or  massed,  but  diffused  so  as  to  give  the  planting  a  rosy  glow. 

Many  rare  and  forgotten  flowers  are  here.  The  frail  Adlumia 
Cirrhosa,  a  plumey  vine  so  seldom  seen  nowadays;  gay  blue  and 
purple  Torrenias  used  as  borders;  Enghsh  Nemesias  and  a  feathery 
(unknown)  purplish  plant  like  a  spirea.  LiHum  Regale  is  here,  cream 
and  flesh  pink ;  clouds  of  long-spurred  Hybrid  Columbines  and  foamy 
ThaUctrum  and  Goats-rue  all  blended  with  a  true  sense  of  the  color 
values.  Is  the  garden  all  the  sweeter  that  it  is  tended  by  dainty 
Uttle  Farmerettes  as  under-gardeners?  Indeed  they  add  greatly  to 
its  charm. 

At  the  western  end  of  this  Italian  Garden  stands  a  curving  vine- 
covered  pergola.  Dainty  Fuchsias  appear  here  again,  this  time  in 
hanging  baskets  as  well  as  in  the  oil-jars.  We  are  naturally  guided 
through  its  shadows  into  another  dark  antechamber  of  Rhododen- 

48 


dron  and  Pines,  down  a  flight  of  steps  to  the  brilliant  Rose  Garden 
beyond. 

This  again  is  an  amphitheatre  cut  into  the  hillside  but  rounder, 
a  perfect "  Rose-bowl. " 

The  axis  of  the  two  gardens  is  the  narrow  straight  vista  which 
continues  down  the  hill  toward  the  sunset,  where  a  hazy  view  of 
distant  marsh-meadows  prevents  the  feeling  of  being  too  shut  in  and 
in  danger  of  suffocation  from  the  overpowering  beauty  of  the  Roses. 
But  a  rose-garden  is  beyond  my  pen  to  describe.  These  superb  stan- 
dard teas  in  full  bloom  belie  the  fact  of  our  terrible  winter  of  1919. 
Winter  is  forgotten  here  and  every  bush  is  blooming  its  fullest  for 
the  delectation  of  their  Garden  Club  guests. 

It  is  superb,  so  beautiful  that  it  hurts,  too  perfect,  too  overpowering 
for  me.  I  turn  back  alone  and  leave  the  delighted  chorus  of  my  beloved 
fellow-gardeners — retracing  my  steps  I  climb  the  stone  stairway  and 
sit  alone  awhile.  The  precious  long  shadows  have  moved  on  and 
deepened,  the  flowers  have  taken  on  an  even  softer  tint,  a  thrush 
pours  out  his  soul  in  liquid  melody  and  I  wonder  if  Heaven  has 
anything  in  it  as  beautiful  as  this. 

W  ^  *  w  ^ 

Thursday  morning  dawns  bright  and  clear,  our  last  day  at  the  The    Endi- 
North  Shore,  the  harbor  water  dances  brilliant  blue  and  silver,  the  cott  Gar- 
rugged  old  rocks  seem  to  stand  browner  and  firmer  and  the  pines  den  at  Dan- 
to  wave  greener  and  darker  as  we  motor  along  the  shore.   We  have  vers 
torn  ourselves  away  from  the  homes  of  our  perfect  hostesses,  each 
sure  in  her  heart  of  hearts  that  she  was  the  luckiest  woman  in  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  because  her  lot  had  fallen  to  her  in  that 
particular  home. 

The  motors  turn  inland,  none  of  us  visitors  knowing  or  caring  in 
what  direction.  We  are  safe  as  long  as  there  is  a  Massachusetts  li- 
cense on  the  car  ahead!  Across  country  we  scurry  and  shortly  the 
staid  little  town  of  Danvers  appears.  Here  a  turn  to  the  right  brings 
us  to  our  welcoming  green  sentinel  standing  this  time  by  an  old 
stone  gateway  which  guards  a  long  avenue  of  old  Elm  trees. 

Under  a  grove  of  tall  Pines  stands  the  dignified  old  house,  white 
and  placid,  where  generations  of  Peabodys  and  Endicotts  have 
lived  and  gardened.  We  have  just  time  to  note  the  charm  of  wide 
verandas,  the  entrancing  detail  of  an  iron  hand-rail,  the  shady  lawn 
and  the  pine  grove  where  the  oldest  of  old  Buddhas  nods  as  he  has 
nodded  for  a  hundred  years,  before  we  start  out  on  our  quest  of  the 
Garden.  The  ancient  Evergreens  sparkle  in  the  brilliant  morning 
light.  As  you  cross  the  lawn  the  odor  of  warm  pine  needles  reminds 
you  of  something  once  very  dear  to  you,  that  long-forgotten  mixture 
of  Pine  trees,  Scotch  Roses  and  Clove  Pinks — where  have  you  loved 

49 


that  fragrance  before?  This  breath  of  the  garden  lures  you  on  through 
the  shrubberies  and  then  you  know  where  you  have  first  smelt  that 
spicy  restful  odor.  You  are  a  little  girl  once  more,  in  your  long-for- 
gotten pink  sunbonnet  and  pinafore,  picking  flowers  in  your  grand- 
mother's garden.  Ah,  the  blessedness  of  it!  All  about  you  are  the 
old  favorites,  the  old  Spice-bushes,  the  Syringas,  the  Rockets,  the 
Honey-suckles.  Nothing  modern  is  allowed  to  break  the  spell,  for 
just  what  was  blooming  here  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago  is  bloom- 
ing gently  still,  as  it  has  always  bloomed  every  June  since  then. 
What  a  sense  of  repose  it  gives  you — relaxation,  too,  and  relief! 

A  turn  in  the  walk  and  you  are  confronted  with  an  ancient  Garden 
House,  tall  and  narrow,  with  delectable  details  worked  in  its  panelling 
by  one  of  the  great  woodcarvers  of  Salem  and  surmounted  by  a 
perfect  little  figure  of  Corydon.  Let  me  describe  it  to  you  in  the 
words  of  pretty  Eliza  Southgate  who  visited  it  about  1800. 

"The  tall  summer  house  in  the  center  of  the  garden  has  an  arch 
through  it  with  three  doors  on  each  side  which  open  into  small  apart- 
ments, and  one  of  them  opens  to  a  staircase,  by  which  you  ascend 
into  a  square  room  the  whole  size  of  the  building;  it  has  a  fine  airy  ap- 
pearance and  commands  a  view  of  the  whole  garden.  .  .  .the  air  from 
the  windows  is  always  pure  and  cool  .  .  .  the  room  is  ornamented 
with  Chinese  figures  and  seems  calculated  for  serenity  and  peace. " 

This  little  gem  of  Colonial  architecture  was  removed  from  its 
original  setting  at  Peabody,  Mass.,  and  placed  in  its  present  position 
with  great  care  and  taste,  and  the  Chinese  figures  are  still  here  speak- 
ing to  us  of  the  first  East  India  trade  which  was  started  in  Salem 
by  Hasket  Derby  the  owner  of  the  Garden  House.  Quaint  cabinets 
set  in  the  panelling  of  this  upper  room  hold  old  Chinese  bowls  and 
fans,  older  ivories  and  strange  embroideries  from  heathen  lands. 
I  imagine  the  consternation  of  the  respectable  ladies  of  Salem  when 
these  fat-bellied  images  first  dawned  upon  their  restricted  horizon! 

On  a  table  in  the  center  of  the  room  lie  a  number  of  alluring  books 
telling  of  the  early  life  in  Salem  and  Newburyport,  mentioning  this 
very  building,  and  a  photograph  hangs  on  the  wall  showing  it  in  its 
original  position  and  telling  of  its  many  devoted  generations  of  owners. 

Through  the  open  window  floats  up  the  odor  of  old-fashioned 
roses — for  the  Garden  House  is  placed  at  the  entrance  of  the 
semi-circular  rose-garden.  If  only  you  had  time  to  finger  here,  to 
explore  the  garden  walks  where  you  imdoubtedly  would  come  upon 
rows  of  lavender,  rue,  dill  and  coriander.  You  feel  sure  that  the  attic 
holds  bunches  of  these  preCious  herbs  hanging  above  the  hair-trunks 
and  perforated  tin  foot-stoves.  But  you  must  go  on  with  the  others, 
and  as  you  turn  reluctantly  away  you  feel  that  you  have  journeyed 

50 


back  to  the  very  core  of  Old  New  England  and  your  pride  in  every 
drop  of  your  New  England  blood  is  tempered  by  great  humility  as  you 
realize  how  far  you  have  wandered  from  the  simphcity  and  dignity 
of  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago  in  gardening  as  well  as  in  many 
deeper  things. 

4?  ^  ^  -ff  w 

Our  motor  cavalcade  is  stopped  again  in  Danvers  by  the  welcome  The  Lindens, 
green  signal.  This  time  it  is  in  front  of  a  superb  row  of  enormous  century-  D Anveb  S 
old  Lindens  which  lead  the  way  from  the  shady  old  street  to  the  dig- 
nified steps  of  an  ancient  stone  Georgian  house.  A  true  mansion  it  is, 
imposing,  severe,  and  architecturally  perfect.  One  needs  a  caleche 
or  at  least  hoop-skirts  and  a  black  lace  parasol  to  make  one's  proper 
entry  up  this  -wdde,  long  walk.  One  expects,  too,  an  old  colored  butler 
such  as  Washington  had  at  Mt.  Vernon  to  open  ceremoniously  the 
heavy  door.  Here  a  pleasant  surprise  awaits  us,  for  the  gracious 
hostess  stands  herseK  at  the  threshold,  cordially  welcoming  us  all, 
so  understanding  of  the  undue  haste  which  seems  to  animate  us  and 
yet  of  our  eager  desire  to  drink  to  the  last  drop  this  rarest  cup  of 
delight.  How  could  she  but  be  happy  in  our  intense,  explosive  ad- 
miration of  one  of  the  most  architecturally  perfect  houses  in  America. 

The  broad  hall  takes  a  crowd  so  easily,  people  look  well  here, 
it  is  par  excellence  a  place  for  hospitahty  and  entertainment.  The 
wide  stairs  are  not  crowded,  though  full  of  enthusiastic,  appreciative 
women.  But  the  wall-paper!  No  one  could  beheve  it  unless  they 
have  seen  it!  It  was  made  for  this  hall  in  i860  and  is  an  exact  copy 
of  the  original  one  put  on  in  1753,  when  the  house  was  first  built. 
Such  a  dehcious  melee  of  scenes  from  all  quarters  of  the  globe  has 
never  been  on  wall  before  or  since,  yet  it  is  entirely  in  keeping  with 
the  heavy  carved  woodwork  arid  massive  doors.  One  longs  to  ask  a 
thousand  questions  about  the  history  of  the  house,  one  hears  a  rumor 
that  there  is  a  whole  book  all  about  it,  one  aches  to  know  if  the  en- 
trancing old  French  furniture  is  the  original,  or  when  and  how  it 
was  collected.  The  whole  house  and  its  contents  seem  absolutely 
incredible  in  America.  You  feel  the  delightful  French  influence  very 
strongly  here;  gay,  subtile,  what  does  it  remind  you  of?  Oh,  yes,  that 
adorable  passage  in  the  first  part  of  the  Education  of  Henry  Adams 
where  he  describes  the  strange  foreign  charm  of  his  Great-Grand- 
mother's boudoir,  which  she  made  a  little  bit  of  old  France  in  Puritan 
New  England.  You  long  to  tarry  awhile  and  dream  of  the  f^tes  held 
here  a  hundred  years  ago  when  the  beauty  and  wit  of  Salem,  of 
Lynn,  Marblehead  and  Newburyport,  danced  cavatinas  and  gavottes 
in  these  same  spacious  rooms.  You  see  them  floating  down  the 
garden  path  in  the  moonUght,  stopping  to  admire  that  same  stone 
bust  which  stands  on  the  left  of  the  tapis  vert,  and  then  moving  gently 

SI 


on  again  to  the  quaint  trellised  arbor  which  separates  the  garden 
and  lawn.  The  Lindens  as  a  picture  is  indelible,  it  is  a  complete  thing. 
You  move  away  slowly  and  looking  back  towards  the  strange  grey 
dormers,  feeling  our  debt  to  France  in  yet  one  more  precious  object. 


Flower  The  Flower  Show  of  The  North  Shore  Horticultural  Society, 
Show  held  in  Horticultural  Hall,  Manchester,  offered  one  more  delight  to 
eyes  and  minds  almost  surfeited  with  beauty;  wondrous  orchids, 
white,  pink  and  mauve,  giant  Gloxinias  in  deep  purple,  rare  pale 
violet  Achimines  Delavayii,  waxen  Begonias  in  every  shade  of  bronze, 
orange,  yellow,  white  and  scarlet,  great  Peonies,  stately  Fox-gloves, 
flowers  almost  too  numerous  to  mention,  but  forming  an  indescribably 
lovely  whole. 

The  miniature  gardens  were  especially  noteworthy  as  a  class  of 
growing  importance,  encouraging  in  the  amateur  a  knowledge  of 
design,  proportion  and  color.  Those  displayed  were  of  great  interest. 

The  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  are  greatly  in- 
debted to  the  Horticulturists  of  the  North  Shore  for  this  beautiful  ex- 
hibition, and  appreciate  the  generous  spirit  shown  in  their  encourag- 
ing co-operation  with  the  Garden  Clubs. 


Miss  Davis-        The  approach  to  Miss  Davison's  and  Miss  Hawley's  garden  is 

on's  and  rugged  and  wild,  and  except  for  a  gay  awning  on  the  house  beyond, 

Miss    Haw-  gives  no  suggestion  of  the  exquisitely  gentle  beauty  of  the  wee  garden. 

LEY  s   Gar-  j  think  never  before  have  I  so  completely  "gone  through  a  gate." 

The  narrow  space  between  the  high  walls  was  blossoming  with  the 
choicest  of  Columbines  of  every  color,  with  now  and  then  a  tall  Valer- 
ian reaching  almost  to  the  top  of  the  wall.  The  path  was  edged  on 
either  side  with  alternate  pots  of  white  Petunia  and  pink  Phlox 
Drummondi,  set  in  the  ground  between  bricks.  There  was  promise 
of  bloom  later  in  the  season,  and  the  stiff  blades  of  Gladioli  and 
Japanese  Iris  gave  body  and  contrast  to  the  most  dehcately  lacy 
planting  imaginable. 

The  house,  the  rocks,  the  native  vegetation,  the  pool  with  its 
wonderful  reflections,  the  larger  garden  with  its  stirring  inscription 
on  the  wall  were  each  an  added  delight. 

It  is  imaginable  that  the  house  and  its  plan  sprang  from  the  ex- 
istence of  the  pool  in  that  certain  spot.  It  is  a  deep  water-filled  quarry 
with  sheer  rocky  sides.  The  loggias  and  balconies  of  the  house  over- 
hang it  as  do  those  of  the  Italian  coast  beyond  Sorrento.  A  more 
studied  yet  inevitable  composition  than  house,  garden  and  water 
would  be  far  to  seek. 

52 


DEN 


Mrs.  Moore's  place  gave  the  most  restful  sense  of  spaciousness. 
The  broad  lawns  that  surround  the  house  lead  to  so  many  charming 
features  that  one  has  the  sense  of  great  extent. 

The  most  outstanding  feature  is  the  Willow  Walk  to  the  beach — 
a  gentle,  winding  alley  of  clipped  Weeping  Willows,  meeting  overhead 
and  giving  a  grateful  shade  to  the  long  path.  The  large  garden  is  for 
summer  and  autumn,  but  great  masses  of  Veronica,  Tansies  and 
wonderful  blue  Petunias  gave  color  to  the  huge  beds  filled  with 
promise.  The  Rock  Gardens  were  intensely  interesting,  and  in  the 
upper  one' was  quite  the  loveliest  rock  fountain  I  have  ever  seen.  The 
Rose  Garden  was  full  of  bloom  of  many  varieties,  among  them  the 
beautiful  new  rose  Juliet.  The  walled  Trial  Garden  was  my  particular 
delight,  so  many  were  the  rare  and  wonderful  things  I  found  there. 
*s  #  *  w  # 

Mrs.  Denegre's  house  is  so  placed  that  every  tree  has  its  architec- 
tural value  in  the  design — and  every  vine  growing  on  the  Tea  House 
is  a  part  of  the  artistic  composition.  It  would  be  hard  to  find  a  finer 
example  of  harmony  of  a  house  with  its  immediate  surroundings. 

The  terraces  are  beautiful,  and  the  grass-edged  pool  most  lovely. 
Among  the  vines  used  is  the  splendid  Hydrangea  Petiolaris,  which 
was  just  coming  into  bloom  and  which  is  such  an  addition  to  our 
already  long  list  of  vines. 

*  *  *  *  *:= 

After  leaving  Miss  Davison's  and  Miss  Hawley's  gem  of  a  place  we 
feared  that  appreciation  of  further  beautiful  things  might  be  denied  us, 
but  the  walk  along  the  shore  to  Mrs.  Lane's  was  an  experience  so 
perfect  as  to  prove  that  our  joy  in  the  new  beauties  opened  to  us  grew 
with  what  it  fed  on. 

The  path  has  been  cut  through  the  woods  leaving  the  natural 
ground-cover  of  glossy-leaved  Cat-briar  and  prostrate  Juniper  on- 
either  side  untouched.  On  the  right,  rises  the  steep  shore  thickly  wood- 
ed with  pine  and  hemlock,  grey  granite  ledges  out-cropping;  on  the  left, 
the  wonderful  blue  sea,  island-dotted,  and  piled  masses  of  sea-weed 
hung  rocks  which  seemed  pink  in  the  afternoon  Hght.  The  tide  was 
out  and  the  crowning  beauty  was  Dana  Beach  so  smooth,  so  brown, 
surely  the  "  seven  maids  with  seven  mops  had  swept  it  for  half  a  year. " 

The  way  to  Mrs.  Hopkinson's  was  pointed  out  to  us  by  a  dear  little 
girl  in  blue,  one  more  touch  of  lovely  color.  From  the  terrace  at  Mrs. 
Hopkinson's,  where  retaining  rocks  hold  a  most  charming  garden,  we 
caught  lovely  ghmpses  of  the  sea.  Vistas  have  been  opened  through 
the  trees  in  a  way  which  is  an  exemplification  of  that  aiding  of  nature 
which  Charles  ElHot  always  stresses. 

Miss  Sturges'  exquisite  little  garden  came  as  a  surprise,  but  not  a 
shock,  it  was  so  exactly  right.    Two  steps  up  off  the  path  a  lovely 

53 


Mrs.  Moore's 
Garden 


Mrs.  Den- 
i;GRE's  Gar- 
den 


The    Walk 

Along    the 
Beach  to 
Mrs.  Lane's 
Garden 


tangle  of  pink  and  white  and  lavendar  within  a  sheltering  wall,  the 
woods  a  dark  back-ground,  and  at  the  corners  pink  drapery  of  roses 
hanging  from  white  posts;  and  then  across  that  swept,  brown  beach 
to  Mrs.  Lane's.  Up  many  steps  to  a  terrace  from  which  between 
sentinel  pines  we  saw — I  don't  know  whether  to  say  ilHmitable  ocean, 
or  just  all  the  sea  there  is. 

Mrs.  Lane's  gardens  are  beautiful,  beautifully  grown,  and  envy- 
creating.  She  has  so  many  unusual,  and  I  am  afraid,  unobtainable 
things —  a  Lychnis  which  was  a  sheet  of  pink;  a  Clematis,  like  Pani- 
culata,  but  in  bloom  on  the  first  of  July;  a  Campanula,  Glomerata 
Dahurica  is  its  proud  name, which  when  not  staked  makes  a  dark  purple 
ground  cover  very  splendid  for  large  beds.  There  are  the  most  lovely 
Hly  pools,  and  a  great  green  garden  with  a  curved  edging  of  massed 
Pachysandra,  and  a  vegetable  garden  which  is  a  thing  of  beauty 
as  well  as  utiHty  where  though  the  rows  march  straight,  the  pines 
are  allowed  to  come  in  cool  proximity  to  the  naturally  curving  edges, 
and  the  service  drive  is  a  lovely  curving  sweep.  At  the. foot  of  all 
is  a  wild  garden  among  the  pines. 

We  had  tea,  a  most  dehcious  one,  and  so  ended  our  walk  along  the 
shore. 

^  ^  W  ^  VP 

Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  The  first  impression  of  Mrs.  Crosby's  place,  Apple  Trees,  was  the 
Crosby's  group  of  charming  flowers  grown  in  pots  and  arranged  on  the  broad 
Garden  veranda  near  the  front  door.  The  gentleman  who  "couldn't  see  the 
wood  for  the  trees"  would  have  been  hugely  troubled  there  because  he 
couldn't  have  seen  the  garden  for  the  Garden  Club.  It  was  there, 
though,  very  beautiful  and  trim,  giving  an  added  reason  for  the 
election  to  the  presidency  of  its  mistress. 

A  terrace  at  the  side  was  altogether  delightful  with  great  pots 
of  Plumbago  and  Anchusa  massed  against  the  white  background  of 
the  house.  From  this  terrace  steps  lead  down  to  a  small  and  extremely 
well  planted  garden,  enclosed  by  a  low  stone  wall  surrnounted  by  a 
white  picket  fence.  The  predominating  flowers  were  Delphiniums, 
White  Dictamnns,  Campanula  Persicifolia,  Heuchera  Saguinea,  white 
Peonies,  Lavatera,  and  at  the  end,  Carmine  Pillar  Roses  in  full  bloom, 
making  a  gorgeous  splash  of  color  in  this  otherwise  rather  subdued 
and  exquisite  planting. 

Mrs.  H.  F.         Many    Garden    Club    members    were    so    entranced   by    the 

Coolidge's  house  of  Mrs.  H.  F.  Coolidge  that  the  retreating  tide  of  members 

Garden  swept  them  back  out  of  the  front  door  before  they  ever  reached  the 

terrace  door  at  the  back.   They  missed  a  view,  a  steep,  rocky  descent 

engagingly  planted,  a  charming  little  walled  garden  set  in  the  side 

of  the  hill  and  half  filled  by  a  grape  arbor  and  many  other  gay 

54 


corners.  The  little  walled  garden  which  perhaps  was  made  in  the 
stone  foundation  of  some  old  building  should  have  given  many  happy 
suggestions  to  owners  of  small,  steep  plots  of  ground. 

Many  members  also  visited  Mrs.  Coolidge's  other  garden  in 
Brookline  which  formerly  belonged  to  Mrs.  Jack  Gardner  and  now 
after  some  years  of  comparative  neglect  has  just  been  given  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Coolidge.  It  is  a  beautiful  tangled  mass  of  color  set  on  a  hill 
overlooking  other  hills.  Fragments  of  statuary,  a  beautiful  fountain, 
arbors,  not  too  trim,  give  a  queer  sense  of  seclusion  and  foreign  parts. 

And  yet  it  is  twenty  minutes'  motor  ride  from  Boston. 

*  ^  ^  *  * 

The  beautiful  oak  which  over-hung  this  beautiful  garden  caught  Mrs.  W. 
and  held  the  attention  of  the  visitors,  perhaps  to  the  exclusion  of  the  Scott  Fitz' 
detail.    This  tree  and  St.  Francis  with  his  sculptured  birds  should  ^-^^^^en 
bring  flocks  of  birds  more  numerous  even  than  Garden  Club  mem- 
bers, though  not  more  appreciative. 

*  #  *  »  * 

Magnificent  trees,  massive  Rhododendrons  and  all  the  delightful  Miss    Lor- 
native  growth  of  the  North  Shore  have  been  beautifully  cherished  ing's  Aven- 
along  Miss  Loring's  drive.    It  is  with  good  reason  Professor  Sargent  ue 
pronounces  it  the  "  best  thing  on  the  North  Shore. " 

Mrs.  Shaw  claimed  greater  beauty  for  her  Rhododendrons  during  Mrs.   Quincy 

the  week  passed.    To  the  Garden  Club  the  eflFect  was  still  very  A.  Shaw's 

fine.    The  tiny,  garden  so  densely,  well  and  gayly  planted  was  the  very  Garden 

spot  for  a  tiny  and  gay  sprite  piping  in  the  midst  of  the  pool.    From 

the  corner  of  the  Tea  House  a  superb  vista  opened  to  the  sea.     The 

Elms  along  the  drive  were  equally  superb. 

**■'*** 

This  was  a  true  seaside  garden  terraced  up  the  hillside  back  of  the  Mrs.  S.  E. 
house  and  opened  to  all  the  winds  of  the  ocean.      It  was  well  an,d  Guild  s 
interestingly  planned  though  a  little  in  that  usual  garden  state  of  Garden 
bloom  last  week  and  bloom  next  but  not  many  flowers  at  the  moment. 

True  gardeners  hke  that  time  and  so  liked  Mrs.  Guild's  gardep. 

*  «  #  #  « 

In  Brookline,  Mr.  Richardson  has  taken  a  deep  ravine  behind  Mr.   Harry 
his  house  and  on  its  steep  slope  has  planted  every  native  plant.  Every  Richard- 
tiny  path  is  bordered  with  interesting  things  and  every  foot  of  space  son's  Gar- 
is  beautiful.     Why  doesn't  each  Garden  Club  find  some  character-  ^^n 
istic  place  and  plant  it  thus  with  all  the  trees,  shrubs,  vines  and 
flowers  that  grow  in  the  neighborhood?    Educationally,  wonders 
could  be  accomplished. 

Another  charming  Rose  Garden  was  visited  in  Brookline  but  a 
jaded  mind,  too  full  of  gardens  to  remember  names,  refuses  to  recall 
the  name  of  the  owner.   It  will  be  given  in  the  next  Bulletin. 

55 


Although  the  Annual  Meeting  ended  officially  at  the  Arboretum 
on  Thursday  afternoon,  a  number  of  visitors  spent  Friday  visiting  the 
Lars  Anderson,  Brandigee  and  Hunnewell  estates,  generously  opened 
on  that  day  to  Garden  Club  members.  These  will  be  described  in 
the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin. 

This  account  of  the  gardens  visited  cannot  end  without  a  word 
for  the  gardeners  who  have  so  large  a  share  in  the  making  of  a  successful 
garden.  They  must  have  worked  very  hard  to  achieve  the  perfect 
finish  each  garden  showed  and  their  wilHngness  and  inteUigence  in 
answering  questions,  showing  favorite  plants,  speUing  complicated 
names  and  giving  cultural  suggestions  added  much  to  the  practical 
enjoyment  of  the  visitors.  After  all,  the  gardener  who  puts  his  con- 
scientious labor  and  personal  interest  and  enthusiasm  into  a  garden 
becomes  part  owner  of  that  garden  and  to  him  as  well  as  the  actual 
owner  we  owe  thanks  and  appreciation. 

Though  to  inland  visitors  Pines  and  Laurels,  sea  and  sand  and 
gray  rocks  seem  beautiful  enough  without  embellishment,  the  gaiety 
of  well-placed  gardens  is  never  a  jarring  note. 

News    and        Seen  and  heard  at  the  Annual  Meeting: 
Views        Universal  expression  of 

1.  Appreciation  of  the  work  of  our  retiring — now  our  Honorary 
— President,  in  making  the  Garden  Club  of  America  what  it  is  to-day. 

2.  Satisfaction  in  the  choice  of  her  successor. 

3.  Pleasure  in  the  never-to-be-forgotten  hospitality  of  the  North 
Shore  Garden  Club  of  Massachusetts. 

Overheard        "  Where  is  my  delegate?  " 

ON  THE        "My  dear,  I  don't  know.   One  of  mine  has  changed  her  hat  this 
Shore  Path  afternoon  and  I  can't  see  her  anywhere. " 

(Note:  for  the  next  Annual  Meeting  might  not  the  duties  of  a 
hostess  be  simplified  if  she  asked  her  special  group  of  guests  to  wear 
salmon  pink  en  masse — or  mauve,  or  saffron  yellow  or  any  other  good 
garden  shade  she  might  prefer.  Certainly  a  strict  ruhng  should  be 
made  that  no  delegate  bring  more  than  one  hat.  This  might  equalize 
the  position  of  non-delegates  and  delegates;  the  millinery  supremacy 
of  the  one  compensating  for  the  voting  power  of  the  other.) 

In  the  interest  of  amateur  gardeners  particularly  addicted  to 
weeding  we  noted  the  double  garden  border  twelve  feet  wide  and  seven 
hundred  feet  long — with  fourteen  hundred  feet  of  flower  bed  to  be 
cultivated. 

The  enthusiasm  of  a  sales- woman  in  a  North  Shore  pharmacy  who 
met  a  would-be  purchaser  (a  delegate  wearing  a  badge)  with,  "So 

56 


you're  on  that  excursion  that's  here,  we  had  a  grand  one  last  year,  all 
the  Rexall  stores  in  the  neighborhood  went  to  Nantasket." 

Weary  woman  No.  i,  to  weary  woman  No.  2,  on  Thursday  night — 
late:    "Bury  me  decently  tomorrow,  but  remember,  No  Flowers!" 

A  suggestion  worth  considering  comes  from  a  delegate  with  a 
delightfully  original  mind  who,  after  a  three  days'  tour  of  the  North 
Shore  gardens  and  several  conversations  with  her  chauffeur,  thinks  an 
article  to  be  called  From  the  Chaujfeur^s  Point  of  View  would  be  both 
amusing  and  illuminating.  Will  an  eye-witness  with  a  sense  of  humor 
who  is  willing  to  write  the  article  communicate  with  News  and  Views? 

On  all  sides  were  heard  the  wistful  comments  of  inland  dele- 
gates who  were  sure  their  roses  would  be  as  beautiful  if  they  had 
the  North  Shore  climate  at  home. 

An  argument  overheard  as  to  the  literal  meaning  of  "gardenage" 
led  to  an  interview  later  with  a  dictionary.  The  two  definitions  given 
"gardening"  and  "the  produce  of  a  garden"  are  insignificant  com- 
pared with  the  illustration  of  the  proper  use  of  the  word:  "The  street 
or  town  was  appropriated  to  the  sale  of  fish  and  gardenage." — and 
with  one  accord  the  three  accessories  to  the  fact  cried,  "Gloucester!" 

"The  Breeze  representative  who  ' covered '  most  of  the  gardens 
visited  by  the  Gaeden  Club  op  America  talked  with  many  a  gar- 
dener while  making  the  rounds.  In  not  one  case  was  anyone  dis- 
gruntled or  talking  about  extra  work.  Each  was  getting  his  place  spick 
and  span  in  anticipation  of  the  visitors.  One  gardener,  after  it  was 
over,  said  he  was  eating  his  supper  at  9:30  that  night  in  place  of  six. 
But  all  were  happy  and  good-natured  over  it  and  truly  the  garden- 
ers had  their  day  this  week  with  the  big  show  on  in  Manchester 
and  the  Garden  Club  visitors  spinning  around  everywhere  over  the 
Shore.  Why  can't  all  workers  be  as  pleasant,  happy  and  enthusias- 
tic as  the  gardeners?    Suppose  we  all  take  a  lesson  from  them. " 

North  Shore  Breeze  and  Reminder. 

The  North  Shore  Breeze  and  Reminder,  66  Summer  St.,  Manchester, 
issue  of  July  2nd,  gives  an  account  of  the  Annual  Meeting,  with 
historic  notes  and  descriptions  of  many  of  the  gardens  visited. 

On  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  the  weather  was  gray  and  a  little 
threatening  but  on  Thursday  air  and  sea  sparkled.  At  the  end  of 
this  sunny  day  the  tired  400  were  grateful  for  the  cool  clouds  of  the 
two  previous  days,  when  they  thought  how  much  more  tired  they 
might  have  been  if  their  wonderful  garden  pilgrimages  had  been 
made  in  the  heat  and  sun. 

We  lost  our  heads,  hearts,  coats,  way,  senses,  umbrellas,  note- 
books, automobiles  and  relatives;  everything  but  our  abiding  faith  in 
the  Hostess  Club  and  awe  at  the  organizing  abihty  displayed. 

57 


An  Appeal  ''  And  what, "  said  Alice  to  her  patient  sister,  "  is  the  use  of  reading 
something  which  has  neither  pictures  nor  conversation?  " 

This  pertinent  question  might  be  asked  of  News  and  Views, 
the  department  designed  as  the  Gossip  Shop  of  the  Bulletin  of  the 
Garden  Club  or  America,  a  department  where  the  ever-agree- 
able personal  element  is  ardently  desired. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  News  in  any  form  will  be  sent  in  for  publica- 
tion at  frequent  intervals  by  member  Clubs,  Failing  voluntarily 
contributed  items,  it  may  be  necessary  to  resort  to  a  method  which, 
quoting  again  from  the  best  book  ever  written,  is  "my  own  invention. " 
This  method  would  be  to  select  a  Club  at  random,  and  over  its  name 
insert  garden  happenings  of  intense  imaginary  interest.  As  this  would 
immediately  bring  forth  repudiation  from  the  indignant  Club  in 
question,  a  correspondence  would  be  established,  and  to  our  readers 
an  entertaining  field  of  endless  possibihty  for  enjoyment,  at  once  be 
opened. 

Seriously,  however,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  each  of  the  fifty  member 
Clubs  will,  unless  this  be  already  an  accomplished  fact,' appoint  as 
soon  as  possible,  a  Bulletin  or  News  Committee  (a  committee  of  three 
members,  with  two  incapacitated,  works  admirably  for  this  purpose) 
to  keep  eyes  and  ears  open  for  all  sorts  of  things  pertaining  to  in- 
dividual Club  events  of  special  interest,  and  to  bits  of  out-door 
experience  not  necessarily  confined  to  actual  gardening — the  more 
local  the  contributions,  the  better  for  our  purpose — and  in  this  way 
to  co-operate  generously,  courageously  and  industriously  with  News 
and  Views,  supplying  this  department  of  the  Bulletin  with  a 
substitute  for  the  "pictures  and  conversation"  regarded  by  Alice 
and  her  many  metaphorical  sisters  as  the  criterion  of  literary  worth. 

Martha  H.  B.  McKnight. 

The  Garden  Club  Trip  to  the  North  Shore  From  a 
Non-Delegate's  Point  of  View 

How  can  one  do  justice  to  its  pleasure  and  its  success!  To  the 
admirable  arrangements  made  for  us  by  the  Hostess  Club,  or  to  the 
hospitality  of  the  individual  hostesses,  who  lunched  and  dined  us, 
by  fifties  and  by  hundreds,  in  halls,  on  stately  terraces  and  in  mar- 
quees. 

In  many  places  their  houses  as  well  as  their  gardens  were  thrown 
open  to  the  tread  of  marching  feet,  many,  many  feet,  for  four  hundred 
members  attended,  and  ninety  graciously  offered  motors  whirled  us 
from  one  scene  of  beauty  to  another. 

Fifteen  gardens  were  named  on  the  official  program,  but  many 
others  were  visited  through  special  invitations  and  personal  acquain- 

58 


tance,  and  half  a  dozen  more  were  added  to  the  last  day's  list.  We 
have  seen  gardens  of  Opulence  and  gardens  of  Simplicity,  and  home 
gardens  where  the  taste  of  the  owner,  super-added  to  plenty  of  manure, 
produced  results  equally  alluring,  and  those  again  where  Father  Time 
had  done  his  bit  and  giA'en  what  neither  money  nor  taste  alone  can 
produce. 

Can  we  ever  forget  the  cool,  green  beauty  of  the  Willow  Alley  at 
Judge  Moore's,  the  inner  branches  all  cut  away,  and  the  outer  ones 
trained  down  to  the  ground? 

The  most  conspicuous  example  of  Formal  Garden  was,  of  course, 
Mrs.  Crane's.  Her  green  lawns  and  stone  railings  had  an  incompara- 
ble setting  above  salt  marshes  and  sea-swept  sand-dunes,  and  the 
majesty  of  five  miles  of  Ocean  front  contrasts  Nature's  handiwork 
with  the  finished  cultivation  of  Italian  Gardens. 

It  was  surely  an  inspiration  which  transformed  a  natural  amphi- 
theatre into  a  circular  rose  garden,  in  which  climate,  protection,  shade 
and  heavy  feeding  combined  to  produce  a  wealth  of  bloom  seldom 
equalled.  Such  roses!  Climbing  roses  on  the  encircling  pergola. 
Roses  trained  to  standard,  looking  at  themselves  in  the  fountains  over 
their  smaller  sisters.  Roses  of  every  name  and  kind,  including  a  green 
one,  very  ugly,  happily  rare,  and  all  abloom  in  a  riot  of  color  and  per- 
fection. This  Paradise  is  presided  over  by  a  trained  expert  who 
comes  three  times  a  week,  who  has  under  her  fifteen  farmerettes.  They 
are  lodged  with  a  matron,  in  a  house  of  their  own,  with  mo\dng  pic- 
tures, sea  bathing,  and  weekly  shopping  trips. 

The  most  striking  effect  of  intensive  Landscape  Art  and  Garden- 
ing was  Miss  Da^dson's  tiny  Sicilian  Villa  at  Gloucester  Point.  It 
is  named  "Latomia,"  the  "Quarry,"  and  is  adroitly  hung  between 
the  black  water,  filHng  an  old  qn&iry,  and  the  blue  harbor  beyond. 
This  unique  position  is  adorned  with  flowers  in  a  color  scheme  of  pale 
pastel  shades,  created  solely  by  the  fastidious  taste  of  its  artist 
owners.  It  was  consoling  to  learn  that  no  sordid  garden  struggles 
take  place  there.  The  realization  is  due  to  a  convenient  florist,  from 
whom  only  that  which  is  exactly  right  is  brought  to  fulfill  its  mis- 
sion of  beauty.  Imagine  the  feeHngs  of  the  owners  and  creators  of 
this  Eden  to  see  every  tiny  path  and  stair,  from  the  topmost  loggia 
to  the  rocky  ledges  of  the  old  quarry,  swarmed  with  enthusiastic 
petticoats  and  adjectives. 

For  pure  creative  effect,  we  must  mention  the  evergreen  planting 
of  one  hundred  years  ago,  of  Mr.  Hollis  Hunnewell,  Sr.,  which  in  its 
miature  perfection  gives  one  an  emotion.  Also  at  Mr.  Moseley's, 
the  Laurel  groves  mounting  the  hillsides  and  the  towering  pines,  in 
never-ending  masses  of  pale  bloom,  these  too  were  intentionally  plant- 
ed many  years  ago. 

59 


I  think  we  all  learned  one  lesson  —  that  vv^e  most  admire  the  gar- 
dens where  every  natural  feature  of  rocks  or  woods  or  slopes  was 
taken  advantage  of,  and  developed  and  adorned  with  the  flowers 
that  befitted.  Of  this  kind  is  Mrs.  Abbott's,  the  first  visited,  and  of 
this  kind  were  places  along  the  walk  above  Dana's  Beach,  each  one 
assimilating  its  own  share  of  the  beauty  of  wooded  slopes  above  flat 
golden  sands,  each  garden  developed  in  relation  to  the  house.  At  one 
house  the  wide  flower-expanse  seemed  only  a  continuance  of  the 
drawing  room,  from  which  it  opened,  and  this  may  equally  be  said 
of  the  heliotroupe  planted  court,  with  its  brimming  pool,  at  Mrs. 
Denegre's. 

At  Mrs.  Lane's,  where  we  ended  this  charming  pilgrimage  and 
drank  tea,  we  were  all  impressed  with  the  luxuriance  of  bloom  and 
color,  the  multitude  of  varieties,  and  the  lavish  beauty  of  her  water 
gardens. 

The  meetings,  devoted  only  to  necessary  business,  were  obligingly 
brief  and  the  members  made  and  unmade  resolutions,  amended  and 
re-amended  by-laws,  elected  a  new  ticket,  and  amidst  loUd  applause, 
declined  both  a  masculine  presidency  and  a  new  name.  The  Phila- 
delphia Club  was  gratified  that  the'  title  of  Honorary  President, 
created  for  our  first  President,  was  continued  in  Mrs.  Martin's  honor. 
We  all  know  how  much  the  Garden  Club  of  America  owes  to  this 
dear  lady's  wide  aims  and  executive  ability. 

The  climax  of  the  three  days  was  the  visit  to  the  Arboretum, 
when  Mrs.  Pratt  most  gracefully  made  our  first  presentation  of  the 
Garden  Club  medal  to  Professor  Sargent.  We  hope  that  our  progress 
may  be  worthy  of  his  example,  and  we  are  all  impatient  for  our  next 
year's  jaunt  to  Albermarle  County  and  Monticello. 

Ernestine  Goodman  }  ^       ,,  , 
Charlotte  Toland      J  I^  collaboration. 

What  a  "Little  Gardener"  Learned. 

Henrietta  M.  Stout. 

Strange  as  this  may  seem,  the  superb  gardens  we  saw  on  the 
North  Shore  had  many  suggestions  for  those  who  have  but  a  few 
square  feet  of  space. 

Has  any  one  thought  of  making  a  tiny  hedge  of  their  fruit  trees, 
only  a  foot  high,  such  as  we  saw  at  Mrs.  Moore's?  A  dozen  dwarf 
fruit  trees,  espaliered  on  wires  twelve  inches  above  the  ground,  will 
surround  the  back  yard  garden,  be  a  joy  both  Spring  and  Fall  and 
yet  take  so  little  space  that  one  hardly  realizes  that  they  are  there. 
Apples  are  best,  but  even  grapes  may  be  used  to  advantage  if  kept 
constantly  trimmed. 

60 


And  where  in  the  world  is  there  a  more  charming  edging  than 
that  of  the  flower  beds  in  Miss  Davison's  tiny  front  yard?  Mary's 
cockle  shells  were  quite  put  in  the  shade  by  the  little  three-inch  pots 
of  dwarf  lobehas  and  other  dainty  annuals,  plunged  half  way  into  the 
ground  and  alternated  with  bricks  laid  on  edge.  In  some  places 
five-inch  pots  containing  taller  plants,  also  half  plunged  behind  these 
bricks  gave  variety  to  this  very  charming  arrangement. 

We  all  know  that  the  double  Six  Weeks'  Stocks  should  be  pot- 
bound  to  bloom  its  best.  What  a  splendid  idea  to  make  a  feature  of 
the  pot  itself! 

Mrs.  Crane's  great  Rose  Garden  proved  to  us  that  the  old  theory 
of  planting  teas  and  hybrid  perpetuals  in  separate  beds  is  quite  wrong. 
There  the  rose  trees,  climbers,  monthly  and  perpetuals  lived  happily 
together,  and  the  tea  roses  around  the  edges  of  the  beds,  pinned  down 
to  cover  the  brown  earth  from  view,  made  the  touch  perfect,  and 
fim'shed  the  picture. 

In  all  these  places  Mother  Nature's  garden  was  kept  within 
bounds  by  walls  or  wattled  fence,  but  always  allowed  to  peep  over  the 
top  or  through  the  gate  and  entice  you  into  her  domain  as  well. 

There  were  many  such  lessons  in  all  the  gardens  visited,  but  one 
stands  out  in  my  memory  especially.  The  owner  was  not  a  member 
of  any  Garden  Club.  He  was  a  Mere  Man,  an  Octogenarian  and  a 
proud  native  of  that  beautiful  shore.  His  tiny  front  yard  was  a  mass 
of  bright  colour,  mostly  red  aiid  yellow,  of  course,  but  a  cheery  sight 
for  a  mile  or  more  as  we  motored  up  the  road.  All  the  bright  flowers 
of  a  generation  ago,  crowding  and  elbowing  one  another  for  space, 
and  responding  gratefully  for  the  loving  care  of  this  dear  old  man. 

And  he  had  a  green-house  too,  home-made,  but  able  to  grow  flowers 
all  winter  in  spite  of  the  severe  climate.  Running  from  northeast  to 
southwest,  two  walls  of  rubble  stone  were  built  at  the  end  of  the 
kitchen  wing,  the  north  wall  about  two  feet  higher  than  the  other. 
On  these  rested  ordinary  3x6  glass  sash,  hinged  at  the  upper  edge  so 
that  they  might  be  raised  and  lowered  for  ventilation.  A  tiny  boiler 
and  two  lengths  of  pipe  sufficed  to  heat  this  little  house,  and  the  bench 
was  crowded  with  bloom. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  be  an  octogenarian  and  a  native  to  have 
a  mass  of  bloom  like  this,  but  it  is  best  to  be  satisfied  with  the  things 
which  enjoy  growing  in  one's  own  particular  soil  and  locality.  En- 
courage them  with  tender  care,  cultivate  'them  according  to  their 
individual  needs — ^make  friends  with  them. 


61 


Arboretum  Notes 

Prof essor  Sargent  writes:  *'It  has  occurred  to  me  that  it  might  be  a 
good  thing  for  the  Arboretum  to  present  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
with  a  set  of  its  colored  lantern  slides  accompanied  by  a  syllabus  of 
lectures  about  the  plants  shown,  to  be  loaned  to  the  subsidiary  Clubs 
for  lectures  either  to  their  members  or  to  the  general  public  in  their 
communities.  Don't  you  think  there  might  be  some  educational  value 
in  this?  Who  is  the  proper  officer  of  the  Club  to  take  up  this  matter 
with  in  case  the  editor  of  the  Bulletin  a,pproves  of  it?" 

The  editor  is  referring  this  offer  to  Mrs.  Sloan  with  all  possible 
enthusiasm  and  feels  that  sh.e  may  safely  announce  unanimous  accept- 
ance of  so  beautiful  and  useful  a  gift.  The  only  question  that  need 
be  asked  is  whether  a  second  set  of  sHdes  will  be  forthcoming  when  the 
first  is  worn  out  through  extensive  and  intensive  use. 

Professor  Sargent  has  also  asked  that  the  following  notice  be 
printed  in  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin.  The  concession  is  a. gracious  one 
gratefully  acknowledged. 

Members-  of  Garden  Clubs,  except  those  living  within  fifty  miles 
of  Boston,  wishing  to  visit  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  can  obtain  authority 
to  do  so  by  motor  car  by  applying  in  writing  to  the  Director  of  the 
Arboretum,  Jamaica  Plain,  Massachusetts,  stating  the  time  of  their 
proposed  visit  and  giving  the  name  of  their  club. 

Since  an  Arboretum  Committee,  with  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crownin- 
shield  as  chairman,  was  appointed  at  the  Annual  Meeting,  the  Club 
will  hereafter  be  better  informed  and  use  more  intelligently  the  great 
opportunities  offered  by  the  Arboretum. 


Owing  to  the  length  and  importance  of  the  Report  of  the  Annual 
meeting,  Miss  Jekyll's  article.  Miss  Wright's  Bee  article  and  an  inter- 
esting account  of  the  culture  of  the  beautiful  Begonias  shown  by 
Mrs.  Lester  Leland  at  the  Flower  Show,  written  by  her  gardener, 
E.  H.  Wetterlow,  must  be  deferred  to  the  issue  of  September  15th. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Americans  List  of  Lecturers 

Mr.  Adolph  Kruhu,  cake  Garden  Magazine,  120  West  32nd  Street,  New  York  City. 

Home  vegetable  gardening.    Many  lantern  slides. 

Immediate  vicinity,  S25.00.    250  miles,  $25.00  and  expenses. 
Miss  Mary  Rutherfutid  Jay,  ioi  Park  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

Three  lectures,  120  slides  each.  Japanese  Gardens  and  Color  Arrangement,  Harmony  Between  House 
and  Garden,  French  Methods  of  Garden  Development. 

$50.00  and  expenses. 
Mb.  Loring  Underwood,  45  Bromfield  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

The  Arnold  Arborelum.    Old  New  England  Gardens,  etc.    Lantern  Slides,  fee  on  request. 


62 


Membership  List  of 
The  Garden  Club  of  America 

Giving  Names  and  Addresses  of  Presidents  for  191 9-1 920 


Alberuaele 
Mrs.  Harry  T.  Marshall,  University,  Va. 
Allegheny  Coxjktv 
Mrs.  Henry  Rea,  Sewickley,  Pennsylvania 
Amateur  Gardeners  of  Baltimore 
Miss  Dora  L.  Murdoch,  245  West  Biddle  Street 
Baltimore,  Md. 
Bedford 
Mrs.  Rollin  Saltus,  Mount  Kisco,  New  York 
Chestnut  Hill 
Mr.  R.  M.  Saltonstall,  Chestnut  Hill 
Massachusetts 
Cincinnati 
Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft,  3329  Morrison  Avenue, 
Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Cleveland 
Mrs.  John  E.  Newell,  West  Mentor,  Ohio 
Easthampton 
Mrs.  William  A.  Lockwood,  780  Park  Avenue, 
N.  Y.,  and  Easthampton,  L.  I. 
Fauquier  &  Loudoun 
Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison,  Belvoir  House 
Belvoir,  Va. 
Greenwich 
Mrs  Franklin  Edson,  Greenwich,  Conn. 
Green  Spring  Valley 
Mrs.  William  V.  Elder,  Glyndon,  Maryland 
Harford  County 
Mrs.  Bertram  Stump 
Emmorton  P.  0., 
Harford  County,  Maryland 
Hartford 
Mrs.  Robert  W.  Gray,  Weekapaug,  R.  I.  and 
S4  Huntington  Street,  Hartford,  Connecticut 
Illinois 
Mrs.  Horace  H.  Martin,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 
Jaues  River 
Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Wheelwright,  Buckhead 
Spring,  Chesterfield  Co.,  Virginia 
Lake  Geneva 
Mrs.  E.  A.  Potter,  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 
Lenox 
Miss  Heloise  Meyer,  Lenox,  Mass. 
Litchfield 
Mrs.    S.   Edson    Gage,    309   Sanford   Avenue, 
Flushing,  L.  I.,  and  West  Morris,  Conn. 
Michigan 
Mrs.  John  Newberry,  Grosse  Pointe  Farms.Mich. 
Middletown 
Mrs  Robert  H.  Fife,  Jr. 
_  287  High  St. 
Middletown,  Conn. 
Millbrook 
Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thome,  Millbrook,  N.  Y.  and 
Santa  Barbara,  California 
The  Gardeners  of 
Montgomery  and  Delaware  Counties 
Mrs.  Horace  Bullock,  Ardmore,  Pennsylvania 

MORRISTOWN 

Mrs.  Gustaf  E.  Kissel  12  East  S3d  Street 

New  York  and  Morristown,  New  Jersey 

New  Canaan 

Mrs.  Henry   W.    Chappell,    117   E.   64th   St., 

New  York  and  High  Ridge  Road 

New  Canaan,  Conn. 


Newport  Garden  Association 

Miss  Wetmore,  630  Park  Avenue, 

New  York  City,  and  Newport,  R.  I. 

North  Country. 

Mrs.  Beekman   Winthrop,  38  E.  37th   Street 

New  York  City  and  Groton  Farm.Westbury,  L.  I. 

North  Shore 

Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  95  Beacon  Street, 

Boston,  Mass.,  and  Manchester,  Mass. 

Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties 

Dr.   Edward   L.   Partridge,    19   Fifth   Avenue, 

New  York  and  Cornwall-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Philadelphia 

Mrs  Bayard  Henry 

Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Philipstown 

Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  43  East  53d  Street, 

New  York  and  Garrison,  Nevr  York 

Princeton 

Mrs.  George  A.  Armour,  Princeton,  New  Jersey 

Ridgefield 

Mrs.  George  Pratt  Ingersoll,  Ridgefield,  Conn. 

and  Stamford,  Conn. 

Rumson 

Mrs.  George  G.  Ward,  Jr.,  71  W.  soth  Street 

New  York  and  Seabright,  New  Jersey 

Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton 

Mrs.  Ernest  H.  Dinning,   Ruxton,   Baltimore 

Co.,  Md. 

Rye 

Mrs.  A.  William  Putnam,  Rye,  New  York 

Santa  Barbara 

Mrs.  Edwin  H.  Sawyer,  200  West  Victoria  St. 

Santa  Barbara,  California 

Shaker  Lakes 

Mrs.  James  H.   Rogers,   1920   E.  93d   Street 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Short  Hills 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

Somerset  Hills 

Mrs.  Francis  G.  Lloyd,  157  East  71st  Street 

New  York  and  Bernardsville,  New  Jersey 

Southampton 

Mrs.  Harry  Pelham  Robbins,  19  East  80th  St., 

New  York  and  Southampton,  L.  I. 

Summit 

Mr.  John  R.  Todd,  West  Riding,  Summit,  N.  J. 

Trenton 

Miss  Frances  M.  Dickinson,  479  W.  State  St. 

Trenton,  New  Jersey 

Twenty 

Mrs.  W.  Irving  Keyster,  Stevenson,  Maryland 

Ulster  County  _ 
Mrs.  John  Washburn,  Saugerties,  New  York 

Warrenton 
Mrs.  Samuel  A.  Appleton,  Warrenton,  Virginia 

Washington,  Connecticut 

Mrs.    Arthur    Shipman,    1067    Asylum    Street, 

Hartford  and  Washington,  Connecticut 

Weeders 

Mrs.  Alfred  Stengel,  1728  Spruce  Street 

Philadelphia  and  Newton  Square,  Pa. 

Wilmington 

Mrs.  W.   K.   Dupont,   Wilmington,   Delaware 


Important  Notice.  This  Kst  has  been  compiled  from  Hsts  received 
by  the  Secretary.  If  any  errors  in  names  or  addresses  occur,  kindly 
notify  the  Secretary  immediately  that  correction  may  be  made 
both  in  the  Club  file  and  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin. 

63 


To  Club  Sec- 
retaries: IM- 
PORTANT 


To  Club 
Members 


At  the  Annual  Meeting  it  was  decided  to  increase  the  non-member 
Bulletin  subscription  to  $2.50  a  year.  Each  subscription  must  be 
sponsored  by  a  Garden  Club  member.  Blanks  will  be  sent  on 
application  to  the  editor. 

A  few  copies  of  the  four  issues  of  the  New  Series  are  still  available 
at  50  cents  each. 

In  writing  to  the  Bulletin  please  give  your  full  name  and  address 
and  also  the  name  of  the  Member  Club  to  which  you  belong.  The 
Bulletin  file  is  arranged  by  Clubs  and  unless  information  is  given 
as  rf  /lested  confusion  wiU  arise. 

It  is  found  that  some  copies  of  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin  go 
astray.  To  save  time  it  has  been  decided  to  send  to  each  Club  secre- 
tary three  extra  copies  to  be  given  to  any  members  of  their  Club  who 
fail  to  receive  their  copy.  Please  explain  this  to  your  Club  at  your 
next  meeting. 

When  your  copy  of  the  Bulletin  does  not  reach  you  please  apply 
to  the  Secretary  of  your  Club  who  will  have  extra  copies  for  replacing 
those  lost  in  the  mail. 


Board  of  Editors 


Chairman 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER, 
Lake  Forest,  III.,  and  i2io  Lake 

Shohe  Drive,  Chicago 
The  Gardener's  Miscellany 
MRS.  ROBERT  C.  HILL 
Easthampton.  L.  L,  and  g6o 

Park  Ave.,  New  York 
Planl  Material 
MRS.  CHARLES  W.  HUBBARD 
WiNNETKA,  III. 
News  and  Views 

MRS.  T.  H.  B.  Mcknight 

44TnoRNrST.. 
Sewickley,  Pa. 


Secretary  (Ex-officio) 
MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT 
Glen   Cove,   L.   I.,    and   820   Fitxh 
Ave.,  New  York 

Garden  Literature 
MRS.  WILLIAM  K.  WALLBRIDGE 
Short  Hills,  N.  J.,  and  33  W. 
S  1ST,  New  York 

Garden  Pests  and  Remedies 
Mrs.  BENJAMIN  WARREN 
Grosse  Pointe  Shores,  Mich. 

Special  Plant  Societies 
MRS.  JOHN  A.  STEWART,  JR. 
Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


This  issue  of  the  Bulletin  is  the  Official  Annual  Report  of  the  Garden  Club 
of  America  and  as  such  should  be  kept  on  file.  The  Constitution  and  By- 
Laws  will  be  issued  in  no  other  form. 


64 


Bulletin  of 

^be  (3arben  Club 

of  Hmerica 

September,  1920  No.  VI  (New  Series) 


President  ist  Vice-President 

MRS.  S.  V.  R.  CROSBY  MRS.  SAMUEL  SLOAN 

9S  Beacon  Street,  Boston  and  45  E.  ssd  Street,  New  York,  and 

Manchester,  Mass.  Garrison,  New  York 

Treasurer  2nd  Vice-President 

MRS.  HUGH  D.  AUCHINCLOSS  MRS.  JOHN  A.  STEWART,  Jr. 

33  E.  67TH  Street,  New  York,  and  Short  Hills,  New  Jersey 

Newport,  R.  I.  ^^  Vice-President 

Secretary  MRS.  SAMUEL  H.  TAFT 

MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT  3329  Morrison  Avenue 

820  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York,  and  Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  ^^^  Vice-President 

Librarian  MRS.  FRANCIS  B.  CROWINSHIELD 

MRS.  FREDERICK  L.  RHODES  164  Marlboro  St.,  Boston,  Mass., 

Short  Hills,  N.  J.  and  Marslehead,  Mass. 

Editor 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER 
1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  and  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 


The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 


Hay 

Yesterday's  flowers  am  I, 

And  I  have  drunk  my  last  sweet  draught  of  dew. 
Young  maidens  came  and  sang  me  to  my  death; 
The  moon  looks  down  and  sees  me  in  my  shroud, 
The  shroud  of  my  last  dew. 

My  breath  is  sweet  as  children's  prattle  is; 
I  drank  in  all  tJte  whole  earth's  fruitfulness. 
To  htake  of  it  the  fragrance  of  my  soul 

That  shall  outlive  my  death. 
Now  to  the  morrow's  flowers  will  I  say: 

"  Dear  children  of  my  roots! 
I  charge  you  love  the  sun  as  I  have  loved, 
And  love  the  lovers  and  the  little  birds. 
That  when  ye  bloom  anew, 
They  never  may  remember  I  am  dead, 
But  always  think  they  see  the  self-same  flowers; 
Even  as  the  sun  that  ever  thinks  he  sees 
The  self-same  birds  and  lovers  upon  earth. 
Because  he  is  immortal,  and  for  this 

Never  remembers  death." 

— H£lene  Vacakesco 


October  Meeting 

The  next  general  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  will 

be  held  in  New  York  on  Thursday  and  Friday,  October  7th  and  8th. 

The  schedule  is  as  follows: 

Council  of  Presidents. Morning  of  October  7th 

Executive  Committee  and  Board  Meeting 

Afternoon  of  October  vth 

General  Meeting Morning  of  October  8th 

Lecture Afternoon  of  October  8th 

The  place  of  meeting,  hours  of  meetings  and  subject  of  the  lecture 

will  be  sent  later  to  all  Club  members. 

Since  Mrs.  Crosby  is  sailing  for  Europe  on  Saturday,  October  gth 

to  be  gone  some  months  the  meeting  is  an  important  one  and  a  large 

attendance  is  desired. 

A  Message  from  the  President 

I  shall  hereafter  in  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin  take  the  opportunity 
of  saying  a  few  words  as  to  what  we  should  work  towards  in  the 
Garden  Club  or  America. 

Now  that  we  are  becoming  such  a  large  body  of  members  and  ex- 
tend over  such  a  vast  territory,  it  is  very  necessary  to  have  some 
common  bond  to  keep  us  all  together.  To  my  mind  the  Coimcil  of 
Presidents  should  be  this  bond  and  at  their  meetings  should  bring 
before  their  fellow  Presidents  any  subject  that  an  individual  Club  feels 
that  the  Club  as  a  whole  should  adopt  or  act  upon.  If  this  Council 
could  meet  three  times  a  year,  once  in  the  Spring,  once  in  the  Fall  and 
at  the  Annual  Meeting,  any  motion  passed  by  it  could  at  once  be  pre- 
sented to  the  Executive  Committee  and  Board  of  Directors  to  be  dis- 
cussed and,  if  approved,  brought  before  the  Club  as  a  whole. 

My  idea  would  be  to  have  the  Council  of  Presidents  meet  in  the 
morning  of  the  day  previous  to  the  general  meeting,  to  be  followed  in 
the  afternoon  by  the  Executive  Committee  and  Directors'  Meetings, 
and  there  the  various  questions  which  had  arisen  in  individual  Clubs, 
where  they  concern  the  Club  as  a  whole,  would  come  up  for  dis- 
cussion and  be  voted  upon.  Any  question  considered  of  sufficient 
importance  could  be  presented  to  the  Club  as  a  whole  the  following 
day. 

The  chairmen  of  Committees  would  also  make  their  reports  at 
these  Directors'  Meetings  and  thus  could  be  eliminated  the  pa;rts  of 
their  reports  which  would  not  be  of  general  interest  to  the  Club. 
If  each  President  will  bring  the  suggestion  of  this  form  of  procedure 
before  his  or  her  individual  Club  it  will,  I  think,  result  in  condensing 
and  hastening  the  business  part  of  the  general  meetings. 


Since  the  number  of  Garden  Clubs  in  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  has  increased  so  much,  the  decision  to  print  a  short  Annual 
Report  of  each  Member  Club  in  the  mid-winter  number  of  the 
Bulletin  (issued  about  December  ist)  seems  wiser  than  to  try  to  pre- 
sent these  reports  at  the  Annual  Meeting,  as  was  formerly  the  custom, 
for  even  if  each  Club  were  limited  to  a  three-minute  report,  the  total 
time  required  to  present  them  would  be  over  two  hours  and  a  half, 
a  staggering  thought  when  we  remember  the  vast  amount  of  business 
that  must  be  put  through  at  an  Annual  Meeting. 

The  President  will  always  be  glad  to  receive  any  communications 
from  individual  Clubs  at  any  time  either  through  their  Presidents  or 
from  individual  members  but  undoubtedly  the  constructive  power 
and  momentum  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  should  be  de- 
veloped in  the  Council  of  Presidents. 

Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby, 
President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 


Bromides  in  the  Garden 

I  lay  no  claim  to  originality,  but  neither  is  it  my  custom  to  em- 
broider my  conversation  with  such  knowing  phrases  as,  "Well,  the 
world  is  a  very  small  place!"  nor  do  I  say  brightly,  except  when  I  feel 
it  is  expected  of  me,  "Of  course  it  is  always  the  busy  people  who  can 
be  depended  upon  to  do  the  work,  isn't  it?"  But  no  sooner  do  I 
assume  garden  apparel  and  arm  myself  with  a  trowel  and  clippers 
than  I  lapse  into  bland  platitudes.  Neither  ancient  Greece  nor  modem 
mothers  can  match  my  unctuious  philosophy. 

Immersed  in  time-worn  thought,  I  inadvertently  nip  the  head  of  an 
opening  bud  instead  of  an  unsightly  seed  pod.  "Poor  thing,"  I  sigh, 
"Cut  off  before  its  prime."  I  tie  a  piece  of  red  wool  or  a  conspicuous 
label  about  the  stem  of  a  vigorous  flower  and  as  I  do  so  say :  "  You 
will  wither  and  have  no  second  blooming.  You  were  bom  to  be  a 
mother.  A  proud  destiny!  Your  seed  shall  not  perish  from  the 
earth."  Kind-heartedly  I  plant  a  modest  seedling  in  the  back  row, 
"Never  mind,"  I  soothe,  "You  are  not  a  pretty  flower  but  you  are  a 
nice-looking  little  plant." 

To  Dandelions,  Pig-weed  and  pusley  I  remark  severely,  "A  place 
for  everything  and  everything  in  its  place.  Some  plants  think  they 
own  the  earth,"  and  to  the  striped  Petunia  I  ejaculate  spicily, 
"Hussy!" 

I  wish  I  didn't  always  mentally  compare  buds  to  babies  and 
allow  miserable,  wrong-colored  things  to  live  because  their  feelings 
might  be  hurt  if  I  rejected  them.   I  wish  my  sympathies  were  not  so 

3 


torn  by  the  flower  I  pick  and  take  into  the  house  and  then  again  by 
the  one  I  leave  lonely  in  the  garden,  and  oh,  I  wish  I  could  stroll 
ecstatically,  never  seeing  a  weed,  or  if  I  must  see  it,  leave  it  for  some 
one  else  to  puU;  and  shall  I  some  day  cease  to  be  apologetic  and  ex- 
planatory? 

Is  all  this  a  private  idiosyncrasy  or,  to  return  to  my  bromides,  is 
Mother  Eve  speaking  through  her  daughter?  Do  gardens  belong  to 
days  when  any  old  thought  was  new  because  there  were  so  few  people 
to  think  or  am  I  pre-historically  feeble-minded? 

I  should  like  to  hear  from  the  garden  Marys  (another  early  thought) 
who  cull  a  perfect  rose,  dew-spangled,  or  sit  drinking  in  the  scent  of 
their  flowers,  what  they  think  about  in  their  idle  garden  hours.  Or 
are  we  all  Marthas  who  garden,  who  weed  or  cut  off  dead  flowers,  or 
sprinkle  insecticides  or  accomplish  any  other  task  the  gardener  deems 
unworthy,  the  while  diligently  thinking  deadly  thoughts  of  youth, 
innocence  and  optimism? 

K.  L.  B. 


Ways  and  Means  in  the  Garden 

Gertrude  Jekyll,  V.  M.  H. 

During  a  long  life  of  gardening,  all  kinds  of  minor  problems  have 
presented  themselves  for  solution,  and  indeed  it  is  one  of  the  many 
satisfactions  of  practical  gardening  to  devise  means  of  meeting  the 
many  little  difficulties  that  arise  and  to  invent  ways  of  getting  over 
them.  One  of  the  most  frequent  is  the  need  of  some  kind  of  support. 
We  have  to  remember  that,  though  plants  in  a  wild  state  have  the 
strength  of  the  stems  so  rightly  adjusted  that  they  stand  well  by 
themselves,  yet  in  our  gardens,  where  they  are  in  richer  ground,  the 
growth  is  stouter  and  heavier,  and  for  a  good  number  of  plants  some 
kind  of  staking  is  necessary.  The  great  thing  is  to  do  it  in  good 
time.  Nothing  is  more  deplorable  than  to  see,  as  one  often  does  in 
other  people's  gardens,  such  plants  as  Michaelmas  Daisies,  full  grown 
and  perhaps  already  beaten  down  by  heavy  rain,  and  then,  at  the  last 
moment,  when  just  about  to  flower,  bunched  up  to  one  stake  and 
looking  like  an  old  Gamp  umbrella.  These  grand  autumn  plants 
we  stake  in  June  when  they  are  barely  half  grown.  In  the  winter, 
when  a  few  trees  and  a  certain  amount  of  brushwood  is  cut,  we  take 
out  suitable  branching  stuff  on  purpose.  It  may  be  of  Oak,  Chestnut, 
or  Hazel;  or  sometimes  we  use  last  year's  hazel  pea  sticks  with  the 
thinner  top  cut  off.  These  are  stuck  away  among  the  growing  Asters, 
in  such  a  way,  according  to  the  special  need  of  each  kind,  which  will 
best  support  the  stems,  while  allowing  for  the  display  of  the  natural 

4 


free  growth.  By  August  the  greater  part  of  the  staking  is  hidden,  but 
if  any  is  still  visible,  it  is  cut  out  with  the  Secateur.  Also  about  the 
end  of  June  or  a  week  or  two  into  July,  we  look  at  the  whole  Aster 
border  to  see  if  the  form  of  the  front  cannot  be  improved  by  lowering 
some  of  the  growth  nearest  the  path,  either  by  bending  them  down 
and  readjusting  the  supports  by  putting  them  behind  instead  of  in 
front,  or  by  boldly  cutting  the  stems  back  about  a  third  of  their  height. 
Doing  this  does  not  retard  flowering,  but  encourages  the  number  of 
short  blooming  tips  to  each  cut  stem,  and  so  gives  the  plant  a  slightly 
altered  character. 

A  number  of  our  hardy  border  plants  have  a  certain  sappy  tender- 
ness of  growth  in  their  earlier  stages,  though  the  stems  stiffen  as  they 
become  mature.  This  is  why  the  early  support  is  so  important.  Such 
a  plant  as  Alstrcemeria  chilensis  has  luscious  young  growth  that  is 
easily  laid  flat  by  heavy  rain  and  should  be  staked  early;  and  others 
such  as  Gypsophila  paniculata  and  the  herbaceous  Clematis  recta  must 
be  kept  in  proper  shape  by  a  timely  staking  with  stiff,  branching  spray. 

Cutting  back,  or  what  gardeners  commonly  call  '"stopping," 
comes  in  usefully  on  many  occasions.  The  handsome,  tall  Campanula 
lactiflora  sometimes  sows  itself  in  places  where  its  normal  height  of 
five  feet  would  be  quite  unsuitable,  but  by  cutting  it  back  when  it  is 
about  half  grown,  or  even  earlier,  it  can  be  made  to  flower  at  a  foot 
from  the  ground,  or  at  any  intermediate  height  that  may  be  desired. 
One  of  the  best  grey  plants  for  use  when  grey  is  the  underplanting  of 
our  special  borders  for  pink  and  purple  coloring  is  the  tall  Artemisia 
ludoviciana;  near  the  back  of  the  border  but  just  in  front  of  pink 
Holly-hocks,  Globe  Thistle  (Echinops)  and  purple  Clematis  Jackmanii. 
We  let  it  grow  to  its  full  height  of  about  four  feet  six  inches,  and  to 
develop  its  pointed  spikes  of  bloom  in  the  natural  way,  for  the  flower 
itself  is  greyish  in  color,  though  not  so  silvery  as  the  leaves.  But  in 
other  parts  of  the  borders,  where  it  accompanies  Snapdragons  and 
China  Asters,  it  is  cut  down  to  just  the  height  that  best  suits  its  flower- 
ing companions,  and,  at  the  front  edge,  right  against  the  path,  its 
height  is  reduced  to  two  or  three  inches.  A  good  many  annuals  can 
be  treated  In  the  same  way  and  it  is  a  useful  corrective  to  the  rather 
thin  and  leggy  habit  of  such  plants  as  Cosmos.  The  handsome 
striped  Japanese  Maize  (Tea),  if  the  main  stem  is  cut  when  it  is  half 
grown,  branches  out  from  the  ground  and  forms  a  bushy  mass  about 
two  feet  high  that  is  very  useful  in  connection  with  a  group  of  the 
same  plant  full  grown  further  back.  In  the  grey,  purple  and  pink 
borders  one  of  the  plants  we  rely  on  for  a  fine  violet-purple  colour  is  a 
good  form  of  the  annual  Delphinium  consolida.  It  comes  up  freely 
self-sown  and  would  naturally  bloom  in  June,  but  we  do  not  want  it 
until  August,  and  therefore  cut  it  back  two  or  even  three  times,  when 

5 


the  flower  buds  are  showing;  the  result  of  this  stopping  is  a  much 
denser  mass  of  bloom. 

One  of  the  contrivances  that  I  have  found  most  successful  is  the 
pulling  down  of  tall  plants  to  take  the  place  of  others  that  have  gone 
out  of  flower.  The  fine  Sea  Hollies  (Eryngium  oliverianum)  and  the 
biennial  E.  giganteum  have  lost  the  beauty  of  their  wonderful  metallic 
colouring  of  blue  steel  and  silver  by  the  end  of  July,  while  peonies 
only  last  through  June.  At  the  back  of  the  wide  border  where  these 
are  grouped  in  the  middle  space,  there  is  a  patch  of  Helianthus  orgyalis, 
a  plant  that,  if  left  to  its  own  way,  would  not  be  worth  having  in  the 
garden,  for  it  is  tall  and  lanky  with  only  a  wisp  of  yellow  bloom  at 
the  top.  But  we  pull  it  down  as  soon  as  the  flowers  in  the  middle  of 
the  border  are  over,  and  spread  its  many  long  stems  in  fan  shape  and 
almost  horizontally,  about  two  feet  above  the  ground.  The  effect 
of  this,  as  with  many  other  plants,  is  to  induce  it  to  throw  out 
flowering  shoots  at  nearly  every  axil,  so  that  in  the  late  summer 
each  bare  rod  becomes  a  wand  of  pale  yellow  bloom  and  the  whole 
space  covered  again  with  a  flowery  mass.  Delphiniums  are  out  of 
bloom  by  the  end  of  July;  they  make  such  a  quantity  of  seed  that 
to  save  them  from  this  exhaustive  process  the  flowers  are  cut  as  soon 
as  the  best  of  the  bloom  is  over.  This  leaves  leafy  stems  four  feet  or 
more  in  height.  A  Clematis  Flammula  is  planted  just  behind  and  is 
trained  to  come  over  the  Delphinium  patch.  It  does  this  most 
satisfactorily;  the  fast-growing  shoots  rest  on  the  tops  of  the  cut 
Delphinium  stems  and  are  further  supported  by  any  desirable  ad- 
justment of  the  stiff  branching  spray  that  held  up  the  Larkspurs. 
Early  in  September  the  space  of  some  three  or  four  square  yards, 
that  two  months  earlier  was  a  glory  of  pure  blue  spires,  has  become  a 
dense  cloud  of  foam-colored,  sweet-scented  bloom.  At  the  other 
end  of  the  border,  where  there  is  again  a  group  of  Delphinium,  the 
mantling  plant  is  a  white  Everlasting  Pea,  which  is  trained  over  the 
cut  stems  in  the  same  manner. 

The  strong  perennials  that  are  the  main  occupants  of  the  border  will 
all  be  well  grown  by  the  end  of  May  when  we  put  out  the  tenderer 
plants.  Any  gaps,  or  places  purposely  left,  will  then  be  filled  with 
Dahlias  and  Pentstemons,  Cannas,  Snapdragons,  French  and  African 
Marigolds,  and  any  other  tender  plants  or  half-hardy  annuals;  but 
there  will  still  be  something- to  be  provided  for;  this  is  to  have  reserve 
of  plants  in  pots.  There  are  such  plants  as  Clary  {Salvia  Sclarea) 
which  are  of  large  size  and  much  beauty  in  the  end  of  June ;  but  when 
the  best  of  the  bloom  is  over  the  considerable  space  they  occupy  is 
wanted  for  something  to  succeed  them.  They  are  easily  raised  from 
seed  and  should  be  treated  as  biennials.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  have  one 
or  two  in  some  reserve  place  where  they  are  likely  to  sow  themselves  and 

6 


so  provide  young  plants  without  trouble.  As  a  caution  it  may  be  well 
to  mention  that  the  old  name  Clary  is  rather  carelessly  used  by 
English  seedsmen,  who  sometimes  apply  it  to  the  smaller  purple 
bracted  Salvia  Horminium:  it  should  be  made  clear  when  ordering  seed 
that  Salvia  Sclarea  is  the  kind  required.  When  the  best  of  the  Clary 
bloom  is  over  we  clear  the  plants  right  away  and  put  in  their  place 
Hydrangeas  in  pots  sunk  in  the  earth. 

For  the  same  kind  of  use  there  is  nothing  better  than  Lilies  in  pots ; 
Lilium  longiflorum,  L.  speciosum  and  L.  auratum  are  among  those  that 
are  most  effective  and  easy  to  manage.  Francoa  lianosa  is  another  good 
plant  for  dropping  in  and  some  pots  of  fine  foliage,  such  as  Funkia 
grandijiora  and  Funkia  Sieboldii  and  hardy  Ferns,  will  be  found 
of  much  use.  Where  there  is  glass  house  accommodations,  the  fine 
white  Brugmansia  (or  Datura)  suaveolens  and  others  of  the  same  family 
dropped  in,  or  as  gardeners  say  "plunged,"  makes  a  fine  effect  in  the 
back  of  the  border,  as  do  also  pot  grown  plants  of  the  tall  Chimney 
Campanula  (C  pyramidalis)  and  its  white  variety. 

The  devising  of  such  expedients  adds  much  to  the  interest  of  the 
daily  garden  work,  a  part  of  which  should  be  the  critical  observation 
of  the  flower  border;  noting  where  a  gap  needs  filling  or  an  overblown 
plant  wants  cutting  back,  or  where  those  soon  to  be  in  bloom  may 
require  regulating  as  to  the  position  or  fresh  placing  of  their  outer 
branches;  also  where  something  that  is  for  foliage  only,  such  as  the 
silvery  Stachys  lanaia,  or  the  deep  green  Crested  Tansy,  should  have 
the  blooming  shoots  cut  out  or  any  growth  shortened. 

Such  critical  observation  becomes  an  education  in  itself,  doing 
much  to  stimulate  invention,  and  it  will  be  found  that  though  m-any 
matters  can  be  attended  to  at  once  for  present  benefit,  there  will  be 
others  that  can  be  noted  for  further  improvement,  such  as  may 
involve  such  changes  as  can  be  carried  out  only  towards  the  end  of  the 
year. 

Birds  in  the  Garden 

Ernest  Harold  Baynes 
Author  of  "Wild  Bird  Guests" 

Of  ail  the  wild  creatures  which  can  be  induced  to  visit  a  garden, 
surely  birds  are  altogether  the  most  charming,  the  most  in  keeping 
with  the  spirit  of  the  place.  Many  of  them  may  be  likened  to  the 
garden  flowers — winged  blossoms  which  brighten  first  one  shrub, 
then  another — which  gleam  now  from  a  tree  top,  now  upon  the  lawn — 
flowers  which  are  perennial,  which  do  not  fade  and  which  have  the 
added  gift  of  song.  I  cannot  imagine  a  garden  so  beautiful  that  the 
presence  of  birds  would  not  add  to  its  beauty.  And  just  as  one  is  apt 

7 


to  remember  a  jewel  better  than  its  setting,  no  matter  how  charming 
that  setting  may  be,  I  find  that  when  I  think  of  lovely  gardens  I  have 
visited,  it  is  often  a  bird  which  has  left  the  deepest  impression  of 
loveliness.  Of  a  certain  Meriden,  New  Hampshire,  garden,  for  in- 
stance, my  most  vivid  picture  is  of  a  Baltimore  oriole  in  gold  and 
black,  sweeping  with  outstretched  wings  above  a  bird  bath  of  deep 
blue.  A  Cornish  garden  was  fixed  in  my  memory  forever  by  an  iri- 
descent humming  bird  which  moved  swiftly  but  at  leisure  among  the 
tall  stately  heads  of  the  larkspur.  Of  all  the  beautiful  features  in  the 
garden  of  Mrs.  Francis  King  at  Alma,  Michigan,  I  remember  best  the 
red  breasts  of  twenty  robins  gleaming  in  the  early  sunlight  on  the  lawn, 
as  they  waited  for  their  morning  bath.  And  of  a  lovely  walled  garden 
in  Malines,  Belgium,  perhaps  my  sweetest  memory  is  the  heavenly 
voice  of  a  nightingale  which  mingled  with  the  soft  chimes  from  the  grey 
tower  of  Cardinal  Mercier's  cathedral.  And  my  memories  of  the 
flowers,  the  shrubs  and  the  stately  trees  in  these  gardens  have  been 
brightened  or  at  least  made  happier  by  the  presence  of  birds  among 
them. 

To  most  gardens  a  certain  number  of  birds  will  probably  come  with- 
out even  an  invitation,  but  it  is  surprising  how  many  more  will  make 
themselves  at  home  if  we  extend  real  hospitality  to  them.  It  is  easy  to 
do  this,  for  birds  are  simple  in  their  tastes.  Their  wants  are  few.  Like 
us  they  require  something  to  eat,  something  to  drink,  and  a  bath  in 
summer.  They  require  a  site  for  a  home,  material  with  which  to  build 
the  home,  and  a  reasonable  assurance  that  they  will  be  allowed  to 
live  in  peace  and  rear  their  families  in  safety. 

In  the  northern  states  at  least,  winter  is  the  season  at  which  birds 
most  greatly  appreciate  an  addition  to  their  natural  food  supply. 
Those  of  us  who  are  privileged  to  live  in  the  country  at  this  season, 
may  if  we  will,  and  by  the  simple  sowing  of  seeds,  see  our  garden  bloom 
again  with  red-polls,  blue  jays,  evening  grosbeaks  perhaps,  or  a  bit 
farther  south,  with  juncos,  tree  sparrows  and  purple  finches;  while 
here  and  there  we  may  note  the  single  blossoms  of  cardinal  grosbeak 
or  tufted  titmouse. 

There  are  many  seeds  which  may  be  given,  hemp  and  millet  being 
among  the  most  popular.  Several  species  are  fond  of  cracked  corn; 
and  bread  crumbs,  broken  nuts,  sunflower  seeds,  chaff,  oats,  canary 
seed,  doughnut  crumbs,  and  broken  squash  and  pumpkin  seeds  are  all 
attractive  to  some  of  the  winter  birds.  This  seed  may  be  served  on  a 
patch  of  well  trampled  snow,  which  affords  a  wonderful  background 
against  which  to  observe  the  winter  guests,  or  in  a  window  box,  or  in  a 
food  house  so  designed  and  painted  as  to  be  a  pleasing  feature  of  the 
garden.  Some  of  the  insectivorous  birds — wood-peckers,  for  example, 
will  not  be  attracted  by  the  seed,  but  will  come  early  and  often  to  a 


lump  of  suet  or  pork  fat  offered  in  a  woven  wire  holder  or  tied  securely 
to  an  arbor  or  the  trunk  or  branch  of  a  tree. 

And  some  of  the  birds  become  so  tame  that  they  are  almost  as 
easy  to  handle  as  the  stationary  flowers  of  the  summer  garden.  In- 
deed my  wife  and  I  have  often  literally  "picked"  them  from  the  win- 
dow-sill, from  the  ground,  and  even  from  the  shrubs  in  the  garden.  In 
our  little  village  of  Meriden,  New  Hampshire,  where  almost  everyone 
feeds  the  birds,  twenty-three  species  have  been  fed  on  the  windowsills, 
and  eight  species  have  been  known  to  alight  upon  the  hand. 

People  who  do  not  occupy  their  country  homes  in  winter,  sometimes 
forget  that  the  birds  of  the  garden  are  none  the  less  hungry  because 
their  hosts  are  away.  It  is  not  a  difficult  matter  as  a  rule  to  arrange  to 
have  one's  feathered  guests  fed  regularly  by  a  neighbor,  and  sometimes 
a  number  of  neighbors  can  among  them  employ  a  man  to  replenish  all 
the  feeding  devices  two  or  three  times  a  week. 

At  other  seasons  most  birds  are  well  able  to  forage  for  themselves, 
yet  if  we  choose  to  offer  them  a  supply  of  seed  and  suet,  many  of 
them  will  take  advantage  of  our  hospitality  to  spend  more  time  in  our 
gardens  than  they  otherwise  would.  Purple  finches,  song  sparrows 
and  others  will  visit  the  seed  trays  all  through  the  summer  and  give  us 
the  full  benefit  of  their  songs. 

And  hardly  any  garden  is  too  small  to  do  at  least  a  little  planting 
for  the  birds.  In  fact,  we  can  scarcely  plant  at  all  without  making  a 
garden  more  attractive  to  some  species.  Larkspur,  Columbine  and 
Bee  Balm  are  only  a  few  of  the  many  flowers  frequented  by  humming- 
birds, and  Lilac,  Weigela,  Honeysuckle  and  Trumpet  Creeper  but  a 
few  of  the  shrubs  and  creepers  they  will  come  a  long  way  to  visit. 

But  it  is  in  large  gardens,  of  course,  that  most  attention  can  be 
given  to  the  planting  of  trees  and  shrubs  and  creepers  which  for  one 
reason  or  another  are  beloved  by  our  feathered  neighbors. 

In  selecting  plants  which  bear  fruit  that  is  eaten  by  birds,  it  is  well 
to  give  some  attention  to  the  fruiting  seasons  in  order  that  there  may 
be  a  succession  of  food  covering  the  greater  part  of  the  year.  For 
example,  we  might  have  as  summer  attractions  such  trees  as  white 
Mulberry,  red  Mulberry  and  Bird  Cherry  (Prunus  pennsyhanica); 
and  such  shrubs  as  blue  Cornel  and  red-berried  Elder.  For  autumn 
fruit  trees  we  might  plant  flowering  Dogwood,  white  Thorn  and 
another  bird  Cherry  {Prunus  serotina),  and  shrubs  like  silky  Cornel, 
gray  Cornel  and  common  Elder.  A  winter  food  supply  can  be  fur- 
nished by  planting  gray  Birch,  Cockspur  Thorn  and  Mountain  Ash 
trees;  such  shrubs  as  Black  Alder  and  Sheep-berry,  and  Virginia 
Creeper  perhaps.  Of  course  the  fruits  of  these  plants  ripen  before  the 
winter,  but  unless  they  are  previously  eaten  by  the  birds,  they  hang 
on  through  the  coldest  weather.   The  fruits  of  a  few  other  plants  are 

9 


perhaps  even  more  persistent — for  example,  Washington  Thorn  among 
the  trees,  non-poisonous  Sumacs  among  the  shrubs,  and  Boston  Iv}'- 
and  false  Bittersweet  among  the  creepers.  These  last  would  naturally 
be  among  the  things  to  plant  in  order  that  our  bird  guests  might  have 
a  supply  of  food  in  the  spring.  Most  of  the  plants  I  have  mentioned 
are  known  to  supply  food  to  thirty  or  more  species. 

Then  there  are  many  trees  and  shrubs  which  although  they  may  not 
bear  desirable  fruit,  are  still  very  attractive  because  they  harbor 
insects  which  birds  feed  on,  or  because  they  make  good  nesting  sites,  or 
because  they  offer  shelter  in  bad  weather  or  protection  from  enemies. 
Space  will  not  permit  of  my  doing  more  than  touch  on  this  important 
subject.  Several  lists  of  trees,  shrubs  and  creepers  which  are  attractive 
to  birds  have  been  published,  and  one  or  more  of  these  should  be 
consulted  by  all  who  propose  to  do  planting  for  the  birds.* 

In  the  absence  of  hollow  trees  and  rocky  ledges,  many  birds  will 
gladly  accept  bird  houses  and  nesting  shelves  as  substitutes,  and  if  we 
place  such  appHances  in  our  gardens  with  due  regard  to  the  require- 
ments of  feathered  folk,  it  is  possible  to  have  many  tenants. 

Some  species  are  not  at  all  particular  and  will  use  almost  any  kind 
of  bird  house  put  up  for  them.  Among  these  are  blue-birds,  house 
wrens  and  tree  swallows.  Other  birds  Kke  hairy  wood-peckers,  downy 
wood-peckers  and  redbreasted  nut-hatches  have  never  been  known  to 
use  any  but  the  Berlepsch  type  of  nest  box,  which  is  made  out  of  a 
short  log  of  wood,  hollowed  by  special  machinery  in  such  a  way  that 
the  cavity  is  just  hke  that  made  by  a  wood-pecker  or  a  nut-hatch. 
Purple  martins  being  colonial  birds — that  is,  birds  which  nest  in 
colonies — require  a  bird  house  having  at  least  several  rooms.  If  mar- 
tins do  not  at  once  occupy  a  house  which  has  been  put  up  for  them,  we 
need  not  feel  discouraged.  In  Meriden,  New  Hampshire,  this  year  we 
have  martins  occupying  for  the  first  time  a  martin  house  which  was 
erected  just  ten  years  ago. 

In  putting  up  nest  boxes  we  must  bear  in  mind  that  we  are  catering 
to  birds  which  naturally  nest  in  holes  in  dead  or  dying  trees,  and  that 
such  cavities  as  a  rule  are  not  heavily  shaded.  Therefore  we  should 
select  sites  which  are  in  fairly  exposed  positions.  A  little  shade  will  do 
no  harm,  but  a  box  placed  in  the  heart  of  a  shady  tree  is  pretty  sure  to 
remain  unoccupied.  Birds  seem  to  have  no  preference  as  to  whether 
their  homes  face  north,  south,  east  or  west,  but  as  I  have  known 
young  birds  to  be  drowned  in  water  which  had  been  driven  into  a  nest 
box  by  a  high  wind,  it  is  safer  to  have  the  entrance  hole  facing  away 
from  the  direction  of  prevailing  storms. 

*The  most  complete  list  of  this  kind  which  has  yet  been  published  was  prepared  by  Frederic  H. 
Kennard,  landscape  architect  and  ornithologist,  for  Mr.  Baynes'  book,  Wild  Bird  Guests  (E.  P.  Button, 
New  York).  As  the  fruiting  seasons  are  given,  and  the  relative  values  of  the  different  plants  as  attrac- 
ters  of  birds  plainly  indicated,  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  make  selection  for  a  garden  of  any  size. 

ID 


If  nest  boxes  are  attached  to  slanting  tree  trunks  or  branches,  they 
should  always  be  placed  on  the  under  side,  so  that  the  entrance 
holes  look  downward.  This  position  makes  it  difficult  for  the  rain  to 
enter,  and  easy  for  the  birds  to  leave  or  approach  the  nest. 

Another  attraction  for  the  feathered  guests  at  this  season  is  a 
quantity  of  nesting  material — short  strings,  woolen  yarn,  strips  of 
muslin,  cotton  wool,  feathers  and  tissue  paper,  placed  where  the 
birds  can  get  it  easily,  but  where  it  does  not  make  the  garden  look  un- 
sightly. I  have  known  a  robin  to  use  in  making  its  nest  an  entire  pillow 
slip  torn  in  strips  an  inch  wide,  and  I  have  seen  a  Baltimore  oriole's 
nest  made  entirely  of  white  silk. 

Perhaps  there  is  nothing  more  attractive  to  birds  in  hot  weather 
than  clean,  cool  water.  They  need  water  to  bathe  in  and  to  drink,  and 
if  we  give  them  all  the  water  they  want,  they  are  less  likely  to  take  our 
small  fruits,  which  they  often  eat  perhaps  chiefly  for  the  fluid  they 
contain.  And  the  making  of  combination  bird  baths  and  drinking  pools 
gives  almost  unlimited  opportunity  for  doing  beautiful  things  in  a 
garden.  A  bird  bath  may  be  anything  from  a  simple  earthenware 
saucer  with  half  an  inch  of  water,  set  on  the  lawn,  to  the  most  elaborate 
bronze  or  marble  fountain.  Of  course,  there  are  certain  essentials 
which  a  successful  bird  bath  must  have.  One  of  these  is  a  shallow 
place  where  the  birds  may  enter  the  water,  which  at  this  point  should 
not  exceed  half  an  inch  in  depth.  The  bottom  should  be  rather  rough 
or  covered  with  sand  or  fine  pebbles,  in  order  to  give  the  little  bathers 
a  secure  footing.  It  should  slope  very  gradually  to  a  depth  of  at  least 
three  inches,  for  many  birds,  although  they  will  not  take  a  plunge,  like 
to  hop  out  from  the  shallows  into  deeper  water.  Most  of  the  bird 
baths  advertised  by  dealers  are  improperly  made  in  this  respect,  and 
for  that  reason  often  serve  only  as  drinking  pools. 

Charming  and  inexpensive  bird  baths  may  be  made  with  con- 
crete, either  alone  or  in  connection  with  rocks  cropping  out  of  the 
ground.  They  can  be  of  any  size,  from  a  foot  or  two  in  diameter  to  a 
small  pond,  provided  only  that  the  few  essentials  are  not  neglected. 
While  gently  running  water  is  always  desirable,  it  is  not  necessary, 
and  one  of  my  most  successful  bird  baths  is  simply  swept  out  with  a 
stiff  broom  about  every  other  day  and  replenished  with  a  few  pails  of 
fresh  water.  Shrubs,  flowers  and  ferns  planted  about  such  a  pool  may 
greatly  enhance  its  beauty  and  will  help  to  attract  the  birds. 

Of  the  simpler  bird  baths  I  know  none  more  beautiful  or  more 
popular  with  feathered  bathers  than  a  common  boulder  such  as  we  see 
in  thousands  of  New  England  pastures.  Sometimes  we  are  fortunate 
enough  to  find  one  like  the  Hale  Memorial  in  the  Meriden  Bird  Club 
Sanctuary.  This  boulder  has  a  natural  hollow  on  the  upper  side, 
which,  when  filled  with  water  from  the  pipe  which  supplies  it,  makes 

II 


the  most  satisfactor}^  bird  bath  imaginable.  I  have  seen  twenty-five 
birds  of  seven  different  species  bathing  in  it  at  one  time.  A  similar 
boulder,  but  without  the  natural  hollow,  was  set  up  near  the  church 
in  Meriden,  and  required  only  a  few  hours'  work  by  a  stone  cutter  to 
make  it  into  a  lovely  little  bird  fountain. 

For  those  who  like  more  formal  beauty,  several  sculptoresses  have 
recently  designed  charming  bird  baths  which  are  as  attractive  to  the 
birds  as  they  are  to  humans.  Mrs.  Louis  Saint  Gaudens  of  Cornish, 
New  Hampshire,  is  making  blue  and  red  and  fawn  colored  terra  cotta 
replicas  of  her  famous  bronze  "  Quercus  "  bird  fountain  in  the  Meriden 
Sanctuary,  and  in  New  York  not  long  ago  I  saw  some  beautiful  bronze 
bird  baths  designed  by  Miss  Eugenie  Shonnard  and  others  of  the 
younger  school. 

So  let  us  make  our  gardens  more  and  more  attractive  by  increasing 
the  number  of  our  bird  visitors.  By  doing  this  we  shall  add  greatly  to 
our  own  joy  of  living,  but  what  perhaps  is  of  even  more  importance 
at  this  time,  we  shall  be  taking  part  in  a  great  nation-wide"  movement 
for  the  protection  of  American  birds — a  movement  which  as  Roosevelt 
said  "  is  entitled  to  the  support  of  every  sensible  man,  woman  and  child 
in  the  country." 


Some  of  the  Newer  Peonies 

Mrs,  Edward  Harding 

Within  the  last  two  or  three  years,  so  many  new,  or  newly-intro- 
duced. Peonies  have  been  put  upon  the  market,  that  the  amateur 
who  is  striving  to  collect  only  the  best  varieties  is  somewhat  dazed. 
He  asks  himself  which  of  these  much  advertised  and  high-priced 
Peonies  are  really  equal  to  the  fine  ones  already  known,  and  upon 
which  he  shall  expend  bis  sometimes  limited  garden  money. 

Unless  one  is  a  veritable  peony  maniac,  unable  to  rest  until  he  has 
every  variety  of  which  he  hears,  the  purchase  of  roots  costing  from  five 
to  fifty  dollars  apiece  is  a  matter  worthy  of  some  thought. 

I  have  not  tried  out  all  the  new  varieties  myself.  Some  I  shall 
never  purchase,  at  any  price.  Some  I  would  not  care  for  either  in  ex- 
change or  as  a  gift.  Others  are  so  lovely  and  desirable  that  I  consider 
them  worth  the  high  price  demanded. 

Quite  as  important  as  the  beauty  of  the  flower  is  the  habit  of 
growth  of  the  plant.  Such  virtues  as  strength  and  erectness  of  stem 
and  general  robustness  are  necessary  in  the  make-up  of  a  high-class 
Peony. 

Weakness  of  stem  is  a  most  annoying  defect.  One  much  talked 
of  Peony — Jubilee — has  this  serious  imperfection.  The  flower  may  or 

12 


may  not  appeal.  To  my  mind  it  is  much  over-valued  and  is  inferior 
to  Pasteur,  which  in  fact  it  somewhat  resembles.  Pasteur  costs 
about  two  dollars.  Jubilee  is  being  widely,  one  may  say  clamorously, 
advertised  at  twenty -five  dollars. 

Another  expensive  Peony  which  sufiers  from  a  weak  stem  is  Eliz- 
abeth Barrett  Broivning.  True,  the  flower  itself  is  lovely  and  fragrant, 
but  twenty-five  dollars  seems  a  large  price  to  pay  for  a  Peony  with  such 
a  drawback.  One  grower  frankly  states  in  his  catalogue  that  the  stems 
are  long  and  weak.  But  in  the  other  catalogues  which  I  have  examined 
there  is  no  mention  of  the  fact. 

From  the  same  originator  who  gave  us  Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning, 
comes  Frances  Willard.  This  peony  is  a  distinct  acquisition  and  a 
dehght.  It  has  strong  stems,  erect  habit  of  gro-^th.  splendid  foliage 
and  exquisite  flowers. 

The  Cherr}-  Hill  Nurseries  are  putting  out  a  number  of  seedlings, 
some  of  which  have  proved  to  be  excellent.  Pride  of  Essex  and 
Xymphaea  have  already  won  high  praise.  Pride  of  Essex,  much  the 
t}-pe  of  Lady  Alexandra  Dujj,  has  immense  flowers,  strong  stems,  good 
erect  growth  and  blooms  freely.  It  is  classed  by  one  of  the  best  judges 
of  Peonies  in  America,  Mr.  A.  H.  Fewkes,  as  '"extra  good.''  Xymphaea 
is  a  charming  loose-petaUed  flower  of  creamy  white,  and  of  large  size. 
These  two  Peonies,  I  think,  are  deserving  of  a  place  in  a  carefully 
selected  list.  Several  more  of  the  Chern.-  Hill  seedlings  promise 
weU. 

The  Peony  Cherry  Hill,  however,  has  never  seemed  to  me  to  be 
worth  the  price  asked  for  it,  which  is  thirty  doUars.  It  does  not  appear 
superior  in  any  way  to  AdoJphe  Rousseau — ^which  costs  only  a  dollar 
and  a  half. 

Mr.  Shaylor's  best  seedlings  are  fine  indeed.  Mary  Woodbury 
Shaylor  is  of  dwarf  habit  but  nevertheless  extremely  lovely.  It  has 
been  di\'ided  too  often  and  too  closely  by  the  trade  for  the  good  of  the 
stock.  In  my  garden,  the  roots  of  this  variety  are  allowed  to  stand 
longer  than  usual  between  the  times  of  di\'ision,  in  order  to  give  them 
a  chance  to  recover.  I  note  that  the  price  has  recently  jumped  from 
twenty-five  dollars  to  fort\'  dollars.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  in- 
creased demand  will  not  mean  a  further  minute  di\-ision  of  the  stock. 

Georgiana,  Frances  and  Rose  Shaylor  are  all  beautiful  and  have 
proved,  with  me,  to  be  strong  growing  and  free-blooming. 

]Mr.  Shaylor's  wonderful  new  Peony,  Mrs.  Edward  Harding, 
is  in  truth  aU  that  the  descriptions  claim  for  it.  And  while  one 
hundred  dollars  is  a  large  price,  yet  this  Peony  is  superb  as  weU  as 
scarce.  The  warm  ixory  hue  of  the  bloom,  the  large  size  and  hea\y 
texture  of  the  petals,  the  floriferousness,  the  richness  of  foHage  the 
size  and  strength  of  the  plant,  make  it  much  sought  after. 

13 


Shaylor's  Dream,  costing  fifty  dollars,  seems  expensive  when  one 
knows  that  it  is  almost  a  single.  It  is  a  charming  bloom  when  it  first 
opens,  but  as  the  flower  gets  older  the  extremely  reflexed  petals  cause 
it  to  lose  much  of  its  beauty. 

Mrs.  C.  S.  Minot — a  Peony  which  has  recently  appeared  in  a  com- 
mercial list — is  "rare"  in  more  than  one  sense.  The  plant  is  rather 
dwarf,  but  a  strong  wholesome  grower.  I  have  had  this  variety  in 
my  garden  for  some  time,  and  before  I  had  it  I  knew  it  in  a  friend's 
collection.  The  flowers  are  large  and  the  colouring  is  fine.  The 
guard  petals  are  a  soft  pink — rather  a  mauve  pink — and  melt  into  a 
good  full  center  of  deep  cream.  The  petals  are  large  throughout. 
The  exquisite  tinting,  fine  form,  and  the  quality  of  lasting  well  make 
this  Peony  a  most  lovely  cut  flower. 

Among  the  Peonies  a  little  older  but  not  yet  commonly  known  are 
two  French  varieties  of  especial  charm:  Suzette  and  Souvenir  de 
Louis  Bigot. 

Suzette  has  a  briUiant  colouring  and  a  striking  individuahty  of 
form.  It  makes  one  think  of  some  of  the  water  lilies  with  sharp 
pointed  petals — for  example  Nymphaea  Xanzibariensis.  It  has 
such  an  expression  of  liveliness  and  energy  that  upon  seeing  it  one 
smiles  involuntarily. 

Somenir  de  Louis  Bigot  is  of  a  colour  which  almost  rivals  the  pink 
of  Walter  Faxon.  Rare  in  colouring,  lovely  in  form,  and  of  good 
habit,  this  Peony  and  Suzette  are  among  my  treasures  of  distinction. 

Here,  then,  are  a  few  of  present  interest.  There  are  many  others 
which  are  still,  so  to  speak,  on  the  "test  block."  Of  some  my  opinion 
is  not  final,  some  I  do  not  want  at  all,  some  I  am  watching  with 
interest.  Out  of  the  number,  several  will  eventually  be  judged  fit  to 
hold  their  place  beside  the  finest  French  ones  which  have  set  so  high  a 
standard. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  the  amateur  must  so  often  buy  and  try  out 
these  expensive  varieties,  unaided.  Naturally  the  originators  want  to 
sell,  and  at  as  high  a  price  as  possible.  From  them  we  shall  not  hear  of 
defects.  But  it  seems  neglectful  of  the  amateur's  interests  for  the 
American  Peony  Society  to  have  decided  that  "all  new  varieties  must 
be  judged  on  the  exhibition  table,  as  it  was  not  deemed  practical  to 
follow  up  their  various  traits  in  the  field."* 

It  is  very  clear  that  unless  awards  on  such  a  basis  at  shows  can  be 
supplemented  by  reliable  outside  information  as  to  the  "various 
traits  in  the  field,"  the  collector  is  not  fairly  equipped  to  make  a  wise 
selection.  And  so — Caveat  Emptor! 

•Extract  from  account  of  business  session  at  Annual  meeting  of  A.  P.  S.  at  Reading,  igzo. 


14 


New  American  Peony 

Mrs.  Edward  Harding 

Enthusiasm  for  the  Peony  is  at  a  high  point  in  the  United  States. 
The  choicest  Peonies  of  France,  long  the  leaders  in  the  field,  have  been 
imported  and  propagated  extensively.  In  addition  a  number  of 
American  growers,  both  professional  and  amateur,  have  been  bending 
their  efforts  to  the  development  of  new  varieties  of  merit  and  beauty. 
This  energy  is  stimulated  by  the  increasing  number  of  fine  private 
collections  and  the  numerous  exhibitions  held  in  various  parts  of 
the  country.  Large  prices  for  roots  are  being  paid  by  the  interested 
amateurs,  and  substantial  prizes  are  being  offered  for  seedlings  of  real 
worth. 

Mr.  E.  J.  Shay  lor  of  Auburndale,  Mass.,  has  devoted  many  years 
to  the  careful  hybridisation  of  these  plants.  He  has  bred  a  number 
of  remarkably  fine  varieties,  notably  Georgiana  Shay  I  or  and  Mary 
Woodbury  Shay  I  or.  His  new  Peony  Mrs.  Edward  Harding  (191 8)  is 
the  finest  American  Peony  yet  produced.  It  was  exhibited  at  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  June,  1918,  in  competition  for  Mrs.  Harding's  prize  of 
$100  offered  for  the  best  new  Peony  of  American  origin  not  yet  in  com- 
merce. The  prize  was  not  taken  until  the  third  year  after  it  was 
offered. 

The  beauty  and  distinction  of  this  Peony  caused  a  sensation,  and 
won  the  prize  for  it.  Small  di\"isions  of  this  variety  command  $100 
apiece,  the  highest  price  yet  paid  for  a  herbaceous  Peony.  One  en- 
thusiastic Canadian  collector,  determined  to  possess  this  wonderful 
flower,  paid  Mr.  Shaylor  $100  for  a  root,  and  then  paid  the  Canadian 
Government  $25  customs  duty  and  S7.50  war  tax  for  the  pri\dlege  of 
importing  it. 

Mrs.  Harding,  whom  this  Peony  is  named  after,  is  a  noted  amateur, 
and  has  one  of  the  finest  collections  of  Peonies.  She  is  the  author 
of  The  Book  of  the  Peony. 

The  fame  of  this  flower  has  spread  rapidly,  and  many  Peony- 
lovers  who  have  not  seen  it  are  asking  for  a  clear  and  fuU  description. 
The  following  description  is  authentic:  Peony  Mrs.  Edward  Harding 
(Shaylor,  1918).  Large,  globular  white  flower,  without  any  red  lines 
or  marks.  The  white  is  a  warm  creamy  ivory  tone.  Petals  very  large 
throughout  the  flower,  outside  petals  or  guards  measuring  about  3 
inches.  Lateral  blooms  have  an  occasional  anther  hidden  deep  in  big 
petals.  Stems  are  strong  and  stiff.  Foliage  large,  clean,  strong  dark 
green.  Buds  are  enormous.  Entire  plant  is  tall  (about  40  inches), 
erect,  robust,  free-blooming  and  strikingly  beautiful. 

Elinor  Smith  in  The  Garden. 


An  Appreciation  of  Avant  Garde 

I  want  to  sing  the  praises  of  Peony,  Avant  Garde,  the  Wittman- 
niana  hybrid.  We  do  not  hear  much  about  it  but  is  it  not.wonderful? 
Last  spring  when  it  bloomed,  I  took  a  specimen  into  the  house  and 
actually  I  went  and  worshiped  at  its  shrine  every  time  I  came  home. 
And  each  time  I  looked  at  it  the  colors  seemed  more  delicate  and 
beautiful.  Such  a  lovely  blending  of  translucent  white  with  shell  pin 
shadings  I  had  never  realized  before.  Surely  I  want  more  of  it,  and 
my  sympathy  goes  out  to  any  member  who  is  still  without  it.  The 
crinkled  character  of  the  substance  of  the  petals  adds  to  its  beauty 
and  makes  the  pink  shading  more  elusive.  What  a  pity  that  the  Eng- 
lish language  does  not  seem  able  to  express  my  admiration  of  this 
most  beautiful  flower. 

W.  E.  Saunders  in  Bulletin  of  Peony  News,  No.  12. 

Honey 

Letitia  E.  Wright,  Jr. 

Extracted  honey,  or,  as  it  used  to  be  called,  strained  honey,  is  at 
present  in  high  favor.  Perhaps  the  war  and  the  shortage  of  sugar 
gave  it  a  final  impetus  into  popularity;  because  then,  through  the 
Bureau  of  Entomology  at  Washington,  bulletins  were  sent  out  urging 
all  bee-keepers  to  concentrate  their  efforts  on  producing  extracted 
honey.  This  was  done  because  a  colony  of  bees  can  produce  more 
honey  for  extracting  than  they  can  in  the  comb.  The  combs  from 
which  the  extracted  honey  is  taken  can  be  used  over  and  over  again 
for  years;  but  when  comb  honey  is  taken  away,  the  bees  must  produce 
enough  wax  to  build  new  combs  before  they  can  store  up  more  honey. 

Running  an  apiary  for  extracted  honey  means  less  work,  or  one 
may  say  requires  a  less  skillful  bee-keeper,  than  is  necessary  where 
comb  honey  is  produced.  In  the  production  of  comb  honey,  bees  are 
more  apt  to  swarm,  and  they  are  sometimes  a  Httle  sulky  and  refuse 
to  work  in  those  nice  fresh  little  boxes  that  have  been  so  carefully  pre- 
pared for  them.  Therefore  the  hives  must  be  watched  more  carefully 
than  when  producing  extracted  honey,  when  the  bees  are  working  under 
more  natural  conditions. 

The  equipment  for  extracted  honey,  as  far  as  the  hive  itself  is 
concerned,  is  very  simple.  The  supers  are  the  same  size  as  the  hive 
body  and  the  frames  in  both  the  hives  and  the  supers  are  alike.  A 
queen  excluder  is  placed  between  the  hive  and  the  super.  This  ex- 
cluder permits  the  worker  bees  to  pass  through  it,  into  the  super, 
but  excludes  the  queen,  so  she  is  prevented  from  lajdng  eggs  in  the 
combs  from  which  the  honey  is  to  be  extracted. 

16 


Beginners  nearly  always  start  bee-keeping  with  supers  with  the 
section  boxes,  because  of  the  expense  of  the  extractor.  Also  with  very 
few  hives,  extracting  honey  would  be  a  trouble  as  well  as  an  expense. 

Honey  should  never  be  taken  from  the  bees  until  it  is  sealed  over 
with  wax.  It  is  then  called  well- ripened  honey.  If  taken  before  this, 
it  is  liable  to  be  thin  and  watery  and  is  called  unripe  honey.  In  this 
condition  it  is  likely  to  ferment.  Honey  absorbs  moisture,  and  should 
be  kept  in  a  warm  dry  place.  Well-ripened  honey  exposed  to  dampness 
will  become  thin  and  watery.  This  absorption  of  moisture  makes  honey 
invaluable  to  the  bakers.  The  cakes,  cookies,  and  sweet  crackers 
sold  at  the  grocers  do  not  become  dry  and  stale  as  do  those  made 
with  sugar  alone.  Biscuit  companies  buy  honey  by  the  ton  In  car- 
loads to  use  in  their  factories.  Honey  used  in  this  way  is  always 
extracted  honey. 

All  pure  honey  is  likely  to  granulate,  particularly  alfalfa  and  aster 
honey,  but  any  pure  honey  subjected  to  heat  and  cold  will  nearly 
always  granulate.  In  Switzerland,  France  and  Italy,  granulated 
honey  is  sold  and  eaten  that  way.  Delicious  as  this  honey  is,  it  is 
not  appreciated  in  this  country  as  it  ought  to  be,  and  in  fact  is  hardly 
salable  in  some  places.  The  large  bottling  concerns  heat  their  honey 
to  a  certain  temperature  to  make  it  less  liable  to  granulation.  When 
heated  too  much,  honey  loses  some  of  its  delicious  flavor  and  delicate 
aroma. 

To  many  people,  honey  in  the  combs  is  the  only  genuine  honey, 
the  real  thing,  and  no  jar  of  extracted  honey,  however  attractive  it 
may  be,  ■  can  take  its  place.  Comb  honey  brings  a  higher  price 
wholesale  than  extracted  honey.  Some  of  the  disadvantages  of  comb 
honey  are:— 

1.  The  bees  swarm  more  frequently  than  when  extracted  honey  is 
produced. 

2.  Comb  honey  is  difficult  to  handle  and  ship. 

3.  Only  certain  localities  are  suited  to  the  production  of  comb 
honey,  that  is,  where  fine  white  honey  is  produced  and  where  the 
honey  flow  is  heavy. 

These  disadvantages  apply  to  commercial  honey  production,  for 
dark  honey  is  just  as  good  to  eat,  but  is  not  as  marketable  as  light 
honey. 

Honey  is  a  natural  sweet,  "inverted"  as  chemists  say,  or  partly 
predigested  so  that  it  can  be  assimilated  by  the  most  delicate.  Those 
who  cannot  eat  sugar,  candy  or  syrups  are  able  to  digest  honey  and 
find  it  satisfies  their  craving  for  sweets. 

My  son,  eat  thou  honey,  because  it  is  good;  and  the  honey  comb,  which 
is  sweet  to  thy  taste. — Proverbs,  24-13. 

17 


New  Hanging  Tuberous  Flowering  Begonias 

By  E.  H,  Wetterlow 

Gardener  on  Mrs.  Lester  Leland's  Est.,  Manchester,  Mass. 

I  have  been  requested  to  give  a  general  description  and  cultural 
notes  of  a  new  variety  of  Tuberous  Flowering  Begonias,  which  was 
exhibited  by  Mrs.  Lester  Leland  at  the  North  Shore  Horticultural 
Exhibition  held  at  Manchester,  Mass.  during  the  Convention  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America. 

This  new  type  of  Begonias  to  which  much  attention  has  been 
given  in  Germany  and  England,  especially  during  the  last  ten  years,  is 
comparatively  new  in  this  country.  So  far  as  the  writer  knows,  there 
are  only  about  sixteen  varieties  in  the  trade  to-day. 

The  plants  shown  at  the  recent  Exhibition  were  mostly  seedlings 
raised  on  Mrs.  Lester  Leland's  Estate  during  the  last  eight  years, 
by  crossing  and  re-crossing  with  the  well-known  tuberous  rooted 
variety,  using  Alice  Manning  as  the  mother  parent,  with  the  result 
that  after  eight  years  of  disappointments  and  care  we  have  about 
fourteen  American-raised  seedlings.  The  flowers  are  single,  semi- 
double  and  double  types  and  in  color  they  are  of  different  shades. 

In  the  collection  was  also  found  one  other  variety  of  Tuberous 
Begonia  which  was  not  of  the  hanging  kind,  Frau  Hellen  Harms, 
and  an  orange  seedling  of  the  same  type. 

Frau  Hellen  Harms,  although  yellow  if  grown  under  glass,  will  turn 
to  a  beautiful  yeJlow-orange  when  planted  outside.  It  grows  8-inches 
high,  is  a  splendid  grower  and  flowers  profusely;  as  a  pot  plant  for  the 
house,  conservatory  and  for  planting  in  the  garden  it  has  no  equal. 
There  are  other  seedlings  of  this  same  type  which  in  color  range  from 
white,  deep  pink,  satin  pink,  light  yellow,  orange  and  red. 

Culture  of  Hanging  Tuberous  Begonias  in  Baskets  or  Pans 

The  tubers  may  be  started  at  any  time  during  February,  March 
or  April  in  boxes  about  four  inches  deep.  Care  should  be  taken  to 
give  them  plenty  of  good  drainage,  one  inch  of  broken  pots  and  some 
sphagnum  moss  placed  in  the  bottom  of  the  box.  A  compost  of  nice 
light  soil,  consising  of  one  part  of  well-decayed  leaf  mould  and  one 
part  of  coarse  sand  is  an  ideal  mixture  to  start  them  in.  Care  should 
be  taken  not  to  cover  the  tubers  too  much  and  to  water  very  lightly 
until  they  start  into  growth.  When  about  two  inches  high  they  are 
ready  to  transfer  into  baskets  or  pans. 

The  size  of  baskets  or  pans  should  be  in  accordance  with  the  size 
of  the  tubers.  A  pan  8  inches  in  diameter  will  be  large  enough  for  one 
bulb;  a  larger  pan  or  basket  lo  inches  in  diameter  is  amply  large  for 

i8 


three  bulbs  which,  if  they  are  placed  near  the  outer  edge,  will  give  a 
splendid  effect.  It  is  well  to  emphazise  that  if  more  than  one  bulb  is 
used  care  should  be  taken  to  see  that  they  are  of  equal  growth  and  of 
one  variety  in  order  to  get  an  evenly  balanced  specimen. 

If  baskets  are  used  they  are  first  prepared  by  being  lined  with 
moss  on  the  inside  level  with  the  top.  Fresh  sphagnum  moss  is  the 
best.  Over  the  moss  place  a  layer  of  soddy  loam,  then  fill  with  a  com- 
post consisting  of  two  parts  of  fibrous  loam,  one  part  of  leaf  mould 
and  a  little  sand  to  keep  it  open,  to  which  may  be  added  some  very 
old  and  well-rotted  cow-manure. 

The  plants  should  then  be  placed  in  a  greenhouse  on  raise  pots 
or  pipes  and  given  one  good  watering  in  order  to  settle  the  soil  round 
the  roots  and  should  be  allowed  to  remain  on  the  benches  from  at  least 
three  to  four  weeks.  After  that  they  can  be  hung  up  in  their  proper 
place.  Temperature  of  60  to  65  degrees  and  ranging  to  75  with  sun- 
heat  suits  them  the  best. 

Keep  the  baskets  moist  by  syringing.  This  should  be  done  daily 
in  pleasant  weather,  a  light  syringing  during  the  early  stages  of  the 
plants'  growth  is  all  that  is  required  and  it  should  on  no  account  be 
over-done.  With  too  much  water  the  soil  will  be  sodden  and  the 
plants  will  be  ruined  for  the  season;  but  after  the  plants  are  well 
established  there  is  no  danger. 

When  the  plants  are  well  established  a  little  weak  cow-manure 
water  and  a  small  quantity  of  Scotch  soot  tied  up  in  a  coarse  bag, 
if  given  at  regular  intervals,  will  greatly  benefit  the  plants  and  if  all 
flowers  picked  off,  the  period  of  flowering  will  be  extended.  Shade 
lightly  from  bright  sun  while  in  the  greenhouse  and  keep  an  even 
atmosphere  by  keeping  the  walks  well  damped  down  and  by  all  means 
AVOID  all  artificial  fertilizer. 

Like  all  other  Begonias  they  like  a  moist  atmosphere  so  are  not 
at  all  suitable  for  hot,  dry  or  windy  positions,  therefore  if  planted 
in  vases  outside,  select  a  place  where  they  will  get  some  shade  during 
the  hottest  part  of  the  day,  and  a  sheltered  position  is  the  best. 

Begonias  as  a  rule  are  free  from  insect  pests,  but  every  plant  which 
is  worth  growing  has  its  enemy  and  in  later  years  a  Rust,  due  to  a 
Mite  and  a  specie  of  Thrip,  has  appeared  on  the  scene  and  is  a  serious 
menace.  It  attacks  all  types  of  Begonias  whether  they  be  fibrous 
or  tuberous  rooted. 

We  find  this  can  be  exterminated  by  keeping  the  greenhouse  clean. 
Let  no  rubbish  collect  back  of  heating  pipes  or  under  the  benches, 
give  a  dusting  of  air-slacked  lime  every  so  often  underneath  and  on 
top  of  benches  and  fumigate  and  dip  the  plants  when  small  in  water 
diluted  with  some  good  tobacco  extract.  We  prefer  Nicoteen  as  it  is 
the  safest  and  most  effective  to  use. 

19 


Even  if  no  traces  of  pests  are  to  be  found,  it  is  most  advisable  to 
make  it  a  practice  to  fumigate  once  a  week  as  a  preventive. 

The  varieties  in  the  display  as  seen  by  the  Garden  Club  were  as 
follows: 

Eunice,  Rhodonite  pink,  double.  Golden  Shower,  Apricot  yellow, 
double.  Mrs.  Bilkey,  Grenadine,  double-fringed  edge.  Alice  Manning, 
Pinnard  yellow,  double.  Alba  plena  fimbr lata,  double  white.  Seedling 
6,  Grenadine  red,  double.  Seedling  65,  Light  jasper  red,  single.  Seed- 
ling 75,  Jasper  pink,  feathery  double.  Seedling  j,  Jasper  red,  double. 
Seedling  18,  Scarlet  red,  orange  centre,  double.  Seedling  14,  Rose  red, 
semi-double.  Seedling  52,  Coral  red,  double.  Seedling  21,  Rose  red, 
single.  Seedling  7,  Grenadine  red,  single.  Seedling  g,  Peach  red,  single. 
Seedling  10,  Spectrum  red,  semi-double.  Seedling  11,  Shrimp  pink, 
double  fringed  centre.  Seedling  19,  Rose  Doree,  double.  Seedling  16, 
Hermosa  pink,  double. 

In  describing  the  colors  I  have  used,  as  nearly  as  possible.  Color 
Standards  and  Nomenclature,  by  Robert  Ridgway. 

New  Daffodils 

Louisa  Y.  King 

It  was  the  Reverend  Joseph  Jacob  whose  articles  in  The  Garden 
several  years  ago,  first  called  my  attention  to  the  interest  of  the 
daffodil  collecting,  I  bought  fifty  varieties  suggested  by  this  article, 
and  immensely  enjoyed  watching,  cutting  and  comparing  them.  Some 
of  these,  especially  among  the  Poets,  still  have  a  warm  place  in  my 
affections.  Years  passed  since  I  had  tried  new  varieties,  but  this 
spring  ten  or  twelve  remarkable  flowers  opened  along  a  walk  in  the 
trial  garden,  and  the  development  in  form  and  color  of  some  of  these 
was  astonishing. 

Two  Incomparablis  Narcissi,  Miss  Willmott  and  Great  Warley, 
(the  great  gardener  and  her  village)  were  remarkably  fine — Tres serve 
is  a  splendid  trumpet;  immense  and  of  fine  form — Loveliness  is  named 
to  suit  its  looks;  Sirdar  is  also  a  glorious  flower,  and  among  the  poets, 
Salmonetta  is  entirely  charming — best  planted  among  early  orange 
colored  Tulips — or  paley  ellow  ones,  but  preferably  orange;  with 
Arabis,  single  or  double  running  in  and  out  among  all. 

There  is  a  use  too  of  Daffodils  which  I  venture  to  believe  is  seldom 
made,  but  which  from  our  experience  should  become  common  where 
contrast  of  color  is  desired  in  spring.  It  is  the  coupling  of  this  flower 
with  the  pale  or  deep  violet  Hyacinth,  the  single  Hyacinth.  Streams 
of  these  last,  say  of  Schotel,  Lord  Derby,  Enchantress,  King  of  the 
Blues,  running  in  and  out  of  floods  of  Daffodils  Katherine  S  purr  ell, 
Ariadne,  Madame  de  GraJJ,  cheap  varieties,  these  we  had  last  spring 

20 


and  I  hasten  to  pass  on  the  suggestion,  for  in  any  sloping  bit  of  ground 
under  shrubs  or  below  trees,  the  plan  works  out  into  a  spring  picture  of 
uncommon  gayety  and  charm.  In  certain  localities  I  know  Hyacinths 
and  Daffodils  do  not  bloom  together.  Here,  this  spring,  they  did.  I 
only  offer  this  suggestion  to  those  who  know  the  habit  of  such  spring 
flowering  bulbs  in  their  own  region,  and  because  of  the  lovely  effect 
produced  here. 

Prize-winning  Roses  at  Bagatelle,  1920 

Though  the  Trial  Gardens  for  new  roses  at  the  Chateau  de  Baga- 
telle are  famous,  it  may  be  that  many  people  do  not  know  how  easily 
they  are  reached  from  Paris.  Bagatelle  was  the  villa  of  Sir  Richard 
Wallace  who  gave  the  Wallace  Collection  to  London.  It  is  scarcely 
two  miles  from  the  Porte  Maillot,  straight  through  the  Bois  to  the 
Point  de  Madrid.  There  a  turn  to  the  left  brings  you  to  the  Trial 
Garden. 

The  roses  sent  for  competition  in  19 19  were  very  numerous  and 
many  are  very  beautiful.  The  committee,  which  numbered  famous 
rose  growers  of  France,  England  and  Holland  and  several  distinguished 
amateurs,  had  great  difficulty  in  making  the  awards. 

The  Gold  Medal  was  given  to  Souvenir  de  Claudius  Pernet,  a  large 
clear  chrome  yellow  Rose  with  a  stiff  stem.  The  bush  is  very  vigorous 
and  extremely  floriferous.  Its  originator,  M.  Pernet-Ducher,  has 
given  it  its  name  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  his  eldest  son,  gloriously 
killed  on  the  field  of  battle.  In  next  year's  contest  will  be  entered  a 
fine  pink  Rose  bearing  the  name  of  his  second  son,  who  also  gave 
his  life  for  France. 

The  First  Certificate  was  also  given  to  M.  Pernet-Ducher  for 
another  yellow  rose,  Benedicte  Seguin.  This  is  a  golden-yellow,  very 
beautiful  in  bud  with  fine  dark  foliage  and  a  long,  strong  stem. 

The  GoldMedalfor  Rosesof  Foreign  Origin  was  awarded  to  Frances 
Gaunt,  entered  by  Alexander  Dickson,  a  Hybrid  Tea  of  vigorous,  low 
growth,  very  hardy,  with  a  large,  yellow-salmon,  semi-double  flower. 

The  other  certificates  were  given  to  President  Parmentier,  orig- 
inated by  Sauvageot,  apricot-rose,  very  vigorous  and  floriferous: 

La  France  Victorieuse  from  La  Roseraie  de  I'Hay,  a  very  large, 
soft  pink  flower  with  a  darker  heart.  Very  large  petals  and  a  strong 
stem: 

Comtesse  de  Cassagne,  originator,  Guillot,  a  very  large,  full  flower, 
the  outer  petals  ivory  yellow,  the  inner  flushed  with  salmon.  Very 
hardy  and  flowers  continually.  Very  beautiful  bud,  strong  stem  and 
fine  habit: 

Mermaid,  from  William  Paul,  a  low  bush  rose,  with  a  very  large, 
pale  yellow,  single  flower.  Hardy  and  probably  an  excellent  parent  for 
new  varieties. 


The  Garden  Club  of  America's  List  of  Lectiirers 

Additions  and  Corrections 

Me.  Loring  Underwood.  45  Bromfield  Street,  Boston,  Massp.chusetts.  "Old  New  England"  Gar- 
dens. Auto-chrome  plates,  true  colors.  $85.00  and  travelling  expenses  for  self  and  lantern  operator. 
Mr.  Underwood  includes  in  this  lecture  some  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  plates,  which  have  been 
very  well  received. 

The  equipment  is  entirely  different  from  other  lantern  apparatus,  so  it  is  necessary  for  Mr.  Un- 
derwood to  take  his  own  operator  with  him. 

Special  An-  Signora  Olivia  Rossetti  of  Rome,  Italy,  former  associate  of  David 
NOUNCEMENT  Lubin  of  the  International  Institute  of  Agriculture  at  Rome,  will 
be  in  America  during  January,  February  and  March,  lecturing  in 
English  French  and  Italian.  Among  the  subjects  of  these  lectures  is 
one  particularly  for  Garden  Clubs,  Italian  Gardens  and  Fountains 
(illustrated).  All  correspondence  regarding  engagements,  terms  etc. 
should  be  addressed  to  Mrs.  Charlotte  Barrell  Ware,  4  Joy  St.,  Boston, 
Mass. 


A  Request  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture 

F.  L.  MULFORD 

There  is  a  widespread  interest  in  annual  flowering  plants,  if  the 
number  of  inquiries  received  by  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  concerning  them  is  an  index. 

A  former  Department  pub]j,cation  on  this  subject  is  out  of  print. 
In  writing  another  to  take  its  place,  the  practice  of  using  common 
names  for  some  plants  and  scientific  names  for  others  has  again  been 
brought  emphatically  to  mind.  In  order  to  have  the  bulletin  as 
usable  as  possible,  it  is  the  desire  to  discuss  the  different  plants  under 
the  name  most  widely  and  appropriately  used.  Members  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  can  be  of  great  assistance  by  expressing 
their  ideas  as  to  what  common  name  should  be  used  for  each  plant 
in  ordinary  conversation,  whether  part  of  the  scientific  name  or 
something  entirely  different.  In  every  case  the  complete  scientific 
name  wiU  also  be  used,  but  there  are  times  when  the  scientific  name 
does  not  seem  most  appropriate. 

Will  you  kindly  help  by  indicating  on  the  following  list  the  name 
by  which  you  feel  each  plant  should  be  discussed  by  garden  lovers? 
Kindly  add  any  other  common  names  that  occur  to  you  and  indicate 
any  that  are  wrongly  appHed. 

Will  you  kindly  underscore  your  preferred  name  in  each  of  the 
combmations  on  the  next  page,  tear  out  this  sheet  and  mail  to  F.  L. 
Mulford,  Horticultural  and  Pomological  Investigations,  U.  S.  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C? 

22 


List  of  Annual  Flowering  Plants  for  Suggestion  as  to  Names  Most 
Appropriate  for  Common  Use 


Dimorphotheca  or  African  Daisy 


French  Marigold  or  Tagetes  paiula 


Ageratum  Floss  Flower  or  Tassel  Flower      Aztec  Marigold,   African  Marigold   or 

Tagetes  erecta 


Gysophila  or  Baby's  Breath 
Balsam  or  Lady's  Slipper 
Basket  Flower  or  Centaur ea  Americana 
Pot  Marigold  or  Calendula 
EschschoUzia  or  California  Poppy 
Castor  Bean  or  Ricinus 
China  Aster  or  Aster 
Celosia  Cristata  or  Cockscomb 
Rudbeckia  or  Cone-Flower 


Amaranthiis  cruentus  or  Prince's  Feather 

Feathered  Cockscomb,  Plumed  Cocks- 
comb, or  Celosia  plumosa 

Sweet  Sidtan,  Royal  Sweet  Sultan,  Im- 
perial Sweet  Sidtan,  or  Centaurea 
imperialis 

Painted  Tongue  or  Salpiglossis 

Scabiosa,  Mourning  Bride,  Sweet  Sca- 
bious, Pin  Cushion  Flower 

Salvia  or  Scarlet  Sage 

Antirrhinum  or  Snapdragon 
Centaurea  cyanus,   Corn  Flower,  Blue 
Bottle,  Ragged  Sailor,  Kaiser  Blumen,      Snow  on  the  Mountain  or  Euphorbia 
Bachelor's  Button,  Bluet,  or   Ragged  Variegata 


Robin 

Marvel  of  Peru,  Mirabilis,  or  Four 
o'clock 

Gaillardia  or  Blanket  Flower 

Globe  Amaranth  or  Gomphrena 

Coix  Lachryma-Jovi,  or  Job's  tears 

Amaranthus  trie  olio  or  Joseph's  Coat 

Papaver  nudicaule  or  Iceland  Poppy 

Larkspur,  Annual  Larkspur,  or  Del- 
phinium 

Love  Lies' Bleeding,  or  Amaranthus 
caudatus 

Heliopsis  or  Orange  Sun  Flower 

In  speaking  of  pinks  should  Dianthus, 
Carnations  and  Marguerites  be  dis- 
cussed as  sub-divisions  or  one  class  or 
several  distinct  things 


Cleome  or  Spider  Plant 

Straw  Flower,  Helichrysum  or  Eternal 
Flowers 

Kochia,  Summer  Cypress,  Belvidere, 
Mexican  Flame  Plant 

Alyssum  or  Sweet  Alyssum 

Sun  Flower  or  Helianthus 

Tagetes  or  Dwarf  Marigold 

Zinnia  or  Youth  and  Old  Age 

Annual  Poinsetta,  Euphorbia  Heter- 
ophylla,  Mexican  Fire  Plant  or 
Painted  Leaf 

Hunnemannia,  Yellow  Tulip  Poppy-, 
Bush  EschschoUzia 

Dusty  Miller  or  White  Leaved  Centaurea 

Dusty  Miller  or  While  Leaved  Cineraria 


23 


Protest  Against  Quarantine  37 

Statements  regarding  Federal  Horticultural  Board  Quarantine  37, 

Presented  at  the  Horticultural  Conference  in  New  York, 

June  15,  1920 

The  Garden  Club  of  America  was  represented  at  this  Conference 

by  Mrs.  Edward  Harding.   A  committee  was  there  appointed  under 

the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  W.  C.  Barrage,  of  which  one  of  our  Board  of 

Directors,  Mrs.  Francis  King,  is  a  member. 

Statement  of        The  government,  people,  horticulturists  and  horticultural  societies 

Mr.  W.  C.  of  Massachusetts  recognize  the  fact  that  the  United  States  Govem- 

BuRRAGE  ment,  the  United  States  Congress,  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 

the  Federal  Horticultural  Board  are  seeking  to  foster  and  advance  the 

horticulture  and  agriculture  of  the  whole  country,  and  that  they  are 

not  trying  to  help  any  one  interest  at  the  expense  of  oth^r  interests. 

Massachusetts,  which  is  suffering  so  much  from  the  Gypsy  Moth, 
the  Brown-Tail  M'oth,  the  White  Pine  Rust,  the  Corn  Borer,  and  other 
imported  injurious  plant  diseases  and  insects,  and  is  fearful  of  others 
yet  to  come,  surely  does  not  question  the  principles  of  Quarantine 
37,  or  the  wisdom  of  the  Law  of  191 2  under  which  it  was  lawfully  issued. 

We  do  not  protest  against  the  law  or  the  quarantine.  Still  less 
do  we  question  the  motives  or  intentions  of  those  who  framed  the  law 
or  the  quarantine  or  those  who  are  enforcing  them. 

We  do  earnestly  protest  against  what  the  Federal  Horticultural 
Board,  itself,  calls  its  drastic  provisions,  some  of  which  we  maintain 
are  wasteful,  inefficient,  unsound  and  dangerous. 

We  do  ask  that  the  regulations  of  the  quarandne  and  their  en- 
forcemient  shall  be  reasonable,  effective  and  humane.  We  do  ask  that 
quarantine  regulations  of  the  Government,  acting  for  the  benefit  of 
the  whole  people,  shall  be  conducted  in  the  right  way.  We  ask  that  the 
United  States  Government,  with  all  its  power  and  wealth,  shall  handle 
the  business  part  of  this  subject  in  a  business  way,  the  sanitary  part 
in  a  scientific  way,  and  the  human  part  in  a  humane  way. 

Massachusetts,  during  a  long  period,  has  enacted  many  laws, 
seeking  not  only  to  improve  agriculture,  but  also  to  protect  and 
carry  forward  the  science  of  horticulture  in  the  broadest  way. 

We  want  protection  against  future  danger  to  our  horticulture  and 
agriculture  and  to  that  of  the  whole  country,  but  we  do  not  want 
to  be  prevented  from  safely  importing  those  trees,  shrubs  and  plants 
which  do  not  carry  dangerous  diseases  or  insects  and  which  will  give 
assistance,  comfort,  and  pleasure  to  our  people. 

We  believe  that  the  place  to  inspect,  fumigate,  and  treat  plants 
is  at  the  port  of  entry,  and  we  do  not  believe  that  it  is  economical, 
efficient,  safe  or  justifiable,  for  example,  to  send  plants  from  San 

24 


Francisco,  through  California,  Arizona,  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  other 
states,  to  Washington,  3,000  miles  away,  for  inspection  and  treat- 
ment, and  then  to  send  them  back  to  San  Francisco  to  be  put  into  use. 
We  believe  that  such  a  requirement  is  not  only  extravagant,  wasteful 
and  unnecessary,  but  most  ill-advised — and  we  do  protest  against 
such  regulations. 

We  also  believe  that  the  inspection  and  treatment  and  the  accept- 
ance or  rejection  of  plants  should  be  by  high-grade,  skilled,  experienced 
inspectors  of  the  Government — not  students,  but  those  who  can 
determine  what  is  well  and  what  is  ill,  what  is  reasonable  and  what  is 
unreasonable,  in  the  treatment  of  plants. 

In  other  words,  we  do  not  favor  any  evasions  or  violations  of  the 
law.  We  ask  that  unsound  and  diseased  or  .infested  plants  shall  be 
rejected  at  the  port  of  entry.  We  also  ask  that  sound,  clean  plants 
shall  be  allowed  to  come  in  at  one  of  the  large  ports  and  there  be  in- 
spected, treated,  and  accepted  or  rejected,  without  unnecessary  delay, 
transportation,  expense  or  danger. 

We  ask  that  the  Government  establish  suitable  inspection  services 
at  two  ports  on  the  west  coast,  such  as  San  Francisco  and  Seattle,  one 
on  the  south,  such  as  New  Orleans,  and  two  on  the  east,  such  as  New 
York  and  Boston;  and  that  the  final  decision  upon  plants  be  made  at 
these  ports  and  the  plants  there  destroyed  or  released,  as  the  case  may 
be. 

Finally,  we  ask  that  the  regulations  be  revised  in  a  business  way 
and  made  safe  and  sound  for  all  concerned. 

If  it  is  a  fact  that  the  loss  to  this  country  from  imported  plant 
diseases  and  insects  is  over  a  million  dollars  a  day,  then  surely  the 
Federal  government  can  afford  to  pay,  and  Congress  can  justly  ap- 
propriate, the  small  amount  necessary  to  establish  and  maintain 
the  inspection  services  at  these  ports  which  may  be  required  in 
addition  to  what  the  government  already  has  there. 

The  Arnold  Arboretum  is  a  museum  of  living  plants  in  which  Statement  of 
Harvard  University  has  agreed  by  contract  to  grow  and  display  ever>'  Professor 
tree  and  shrub  able  to  support  the  New  England  climate.  In  order  to  Sargent 
carry  out  this  contract  the  University  has  been  importing  plants  and 
seeds  from  other  scientific  institutions  and  from  commercial  nurseries 
since  1874;  and  for  forty  years  has  been  carrying  on  explorations  in  all 
parts  of  North  America  and  in  Japan,  China,  Korea,  Manchuria  and 
Siberia.  These  explorations  have  been  undertaken  for  the  purpose  of 
introducing  into  this  country  trees  and  other  useful  plants  which 
had  been  unknown  before  the  establishment  of  the  Arboretum. 

The  aim  of  the  Arboretum  is  to  increase  the  knowledge  of  trees; 
its  museum  of  living  plants  growing  in  Massachusetts  is  only  one  of 
its  methods  for  accomplishing  this  purpose.  It  is  interested  in  increas- 

25 


ing  the  knowledge  of  plants  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  in  all 
foreign  countries.  Much  of  its  work  of  exploration  has  been  under- 
taken for  the  purpose  of  bringing  into  this  country  and  into  Europe 
trees  which  can  succeed  only  in  the  Pacific  states,  Louisiana,  Florida, 
or  the  milder  parts  of  Europe.  For  the  Arboretum  there  is  no  foreign 
country. 

The  Arboretum  is  not  charged  with  having  introduced  into  this 
country  any  serious  plant  disease  or  dangerous  insect  on  the  many 
thousand  plants  which  have  been  imported,  often  with  soil  at  their 
roots,  from  every  country  of  the  northern  hemisphere,  or  on  any  of  the 
millions  of  seedings  which  it  has  raised  and  distributed.  During  its 
entire  existence  plants  have  come  to  the  Arboretum  from  foreign 
countries,  except  during  the  autumn  and  winter  of  1919-20.  The 
Arboretum  desired  to  import  from  Europe  a  few  plants  in  the  autumn 
of  1919  and  received  permission  from  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board 
to  do  so  on  condition  that  they  were  sent  first  to  Washington  for 
inspection  and  disinfection.  It  was  impossible  to  arrange  for  the  in- 
spection of  these  plants  at  Boston;  and  the  Arboretum,  having  had 
unfortunate  experiences  with  early  importations  which  had  been 
sent  to  Washington  for  inspection  by  agents  of  the  Federal  Horticult- 
ural Board,  has  decided  to  give  up  entirely  importing  plants  and 
seeds  until  some  modifications  is  made  in  the  methods  of  the  Horti- 
cultural Board.  As  the  Arboretum  has  been  active  and  successful, 
especially  in  the  last  twenty  years,  in  the  introduction  of  new  plants 
into  the  United  States,  it  is  believed  that  its  inability  to  continue  this 
work  will  be  a  serious  blow  to  horticultural  progress  in  the  United 
States. 

The  managers  of  the  Arboretum,  in  common  with  every  intel- 
ligent and  public-spirited  citizen  of  the  United  States,  believe  in  the 
exclusion  of  plant  diseases  and  insects  destructive  to  plants;  they 
believe  that  the  methods  and  rulings  of  the  Horticultural  Board  can 
be  modified  and  improved  so  that  the  desired  results  can  be  obtained 
without  subjecting  imported  plants  to  the  dangers  and  delays  which 
it  is  impossible  for  them  to  escape  under  the  existing  regulations  and 
methods  of  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board.  Ofl&cers  of  the  Govern- 
ment realize  that  these  methods  and  regulations  cause  serious  delays 
and  the  unnecessary  destruction  of  plants,  and  agree  with  many  im- 
porters that  these  delays  and  dangers  can  be  reduced  by  the  establish- 
ment of  inspection  stations  at  ports  of  entry  and  by  changes  in  the  list 
of  excluded  plants.  If  such  inspection  stations  could  be  estabHshed, 
more  prompt  and  better  service  would  certainly  be  obtained.  Such 
changes  can  only  be  obtained  by  the  active  co-operation  of  every 
organization  and  of  every  individual  in  the  United  States  interested 
in  the  cultivation  of  plants;  and  it  should,  I  believe,  be  the  duty  of 

26 


this  Convention  to  urge  the  necessity  of  co-operation  with  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  in  an  attempt  to  obtain  changes  in  its  rulings 
and  methods  in  regard  to  the  importation  of  plants  on  which  the  future 
of  American  horticulture  depends. 

Our  American  Chestnut  has  now  nearly  disappeared  and  with  it  Another 
many  million  dollars  worth  of  timber  and  beautiful  and  useful  trees.  View  of 
Our  butternut  appears  to  be  going  the  way  of  the  chestnut.    The  Quarantine 
chestnut  disease,  Endothia  parasitica,  and  the  butternut  disease,  37   from  Dr. 
Melanconium  oblongum,  would  probably  have  been  kept  in  the  Robert  T. 
native  habitat  abroad  had  proper  quarantine  been  in  order  at  that  Morris 
time  of  importation  of  nursery  stock. 

The  browntail  moth  and  the  gypsy  moth  belong  to  foreign  im- 
portation. A  number  of  bacterial  and  fungous  plant  diseases  now 
under  way  have  been  brought  from  distant  shores.  Greater  and  greater 
economic  losses  will  ensue  unless  we  can  enforce  a  more  and  more 
rigid  scrutiny  of  plants  which  are  imported  under  the  observation  of 
government  officials. 

Why  is  it  that  imported  diseases  run  riot?  The  question  relates  to 
evolution  and  survival  of  the  fittest.  When  a  parasite  of  any  sort  de- 
velops in  any  part  of  the  world  enemies  of  that  parasite  are  developed 
synchronously  so  that  what  we  call  the  balance  of  nature  is  main- 
tained. Man  is  the  only  animal  capable  of  seriously  disturbing  the 
balance  of  nature.  In  a  country  where  host  and  parasite  have  de- 
veloped side  by  side,  there  is  a  weeding  out  of  non-resistant  individual 
plants  and  a  preservation  by  natural  selection  of  the  ones  capable  of 
survival  in  the  presence  of  the  enemy.  This  process  of  natural  selection 
is  one  which  belongs  to  centuries  of  history  of  any  successful  plant. 
When  we  bring  to  this  country  a  parasite  of  any  sort  it  is  thrown  into 
the  midst  of  the  land  of  milk  and  honey  and  so  far  as  that  parasite  is 
concerned,  it  finds  the  doors  open  to  the  widest  possible  development. 
Its  enemies  are  absent,  resistant  forms  have  not  as  yet  made  their  way 
to  the  top  in  the  struggle  and  an  entire  species  of  valuable  plants  may 
disappear  practically  from  the  face  of  the  earth  in  the  course  of  a  few 
years. 

Under  the  supervision  of  a  well  paid  staff  of  experts  at  Washington 
we  may  safely  import  plants  which  are  likely  to  bring  with  them  their 
parasites,  minus  the  parasites  of  these  parasites.    In  the  absence  of  i 

such   quarantine   and   supervision   more   and   more   plant  diseases  I 

would  be  thrown  among  the  innocents  and  the  slaughter  of  the 
iimocents  will  eventually  become  so  disastrous  that  the  public  in  j 

general  will  come  to  know  what  is  already  known  by  men  who  are  in- 
formed upon  the  subject.   It  will  then  be  too  late. 

27 


Book  Reviews 

Reviewing  Committee 

Mrs.  William  K.  Waldbridge,  Chairman  Mrs.  Henry  A.  Prince 

Mrs.  S.  Edson  Gage  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Stout 

(All  books  marked  (*),  whether  new  or  old,  are  among  those  con- 
sidered suitable  for  a  permanent  library.) 

"^The  Practical  Book  of  Outdoor  Rose  Growing,  by  Georf^e  C. 
Thomas  Jr.    J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Company.    Price,  $3. 

Back  in  1914  it  made  its  first  bow,  a  beautiful  and  expensive 
"  Gift  Book,"  but  nevertheless  full  of  practical  knowledge  and  excellent 
advice. 

Since  that  time  much  has  been  accomplished  in  the  Rose  World. 
New  varieties  have  sprung  into  being,  new  methods  of  grafting,  new 
sprays  discovered.  In  191 7  Mr.  Thomas  brought  it  up  to  date,  and 
again  this  year  a  new  edition  has  come  out,  much  enlarged  as  to 
information,  but  smaller  as  to  bulk. 

Still  charmingly  illustrated,  its  new  appearance  is  as  a  "  Garden 
Edition."  The  price  is  commensurate  with  the  demand  for  something 
good,  yet  within  the  limits  of  the  average  pocket  book,  especially  when 
something  is  desired  wherewith  to  buy  the  rose  bushes  as  well. 

The  extra  chapter  added  at  the  end  of  the  book  gives  a  receipe  for 
successfully  treating  black  spot.  This  alone  is  worth  the  price  of  the 
whole.  H.  M.  S. 

Garden  Trees  and  Shrubs  by  Walter  P.  Wright. '  Stokes.  Price,  $4.80. 

There  are  many  books  treating  of  flowers,  of  fruits,  of  vegetables, 
of  bulbs,  etc.,  in  endless  varieties,  but  this  one  treats  only  of  those 
trees  and  shrubs  which  make  the  roofs  and  walls  of  our  gardens.  Those 
which  give  us  shade  and  seclusion,  which  beautify  our  lawns  and 
parks  and  which  are  a  never-ending  source  of  interest  from  January 
to  January  of  every  year. 

The  first  chapters  suggest  groupings  and  combinations  for  different 
times  of  year.  Then  come  the  practical  chapters,  covering  planting, 
moving,  pruning,  propagating  and  cultivation  of  the  various  species. 

Broad-leaved  evergreens,  conifers,  "climbing  shrubs,"  which  we 
in  this  country  erroneously  call  vines,  each  have  chapters  to  them- 
selves. The  whole  is  followed  by  a  most  valuable  Cyclopaedia  con- 
taining the  names  of  all  the  best  shurbs  and  trees,  their  origin  and 
history  with  detailed  description. 

The  book  is  profusely  illustrated  with  many  coloured  plates,  photo- 
graphs and  diagrams.  H.  M.  S. 

28 


*Charles  Eliot,  Landscape  Architect,  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
Price,  $5.00. 

Theodora  Kimball  says  of  this  life  of  Charles  Eliot:  "If  any  one 
book  were  to  be  chosen  as  the  introduction  to  the  subject  of  landscape 
architecture,  the  writer  feels  that  'Charles  Eliot'  would  be  the  hap- 
piest choice." 

In  reserving  Charles  Eliot  for  its  final  retrospective  review  of  the 
year,  the  Literary  Committee  has  been  moved  by  the  feeling  that  no 
other  book  holds  so  much  that  is  formative  of  good  taste  for  the 
American  gardener. 

In  a  letter  to  his  father,  Charles  Eliot  quotes  Keats  "Now  Beauty 
is  the  substance  of  things  hoped  for,  the  evidence  of  things  not  seen, 
the  shadow  of  reality  to  come." 

He  was  before  all  else  a  lover  of  beauty,  and  it  is  this  quality  which 
makes  his  letters  such  a  delight  and  such  an  education. 

With  his  innate  sense  of  beauty  and  fitness,  with  that  wonderful 
conception  of  true  values  which  his  inheritance  and  training  gave  him, 
he  is  indeed  a  teacher  whom  we  may  all  do  well  to  study  and  strive  to 
follow.  G.  S.  W. 

Our  Sentimental  Garden  by  Agnes  and  Egerton  Castle.  J.  B. 
Lippincott  &  Company.  Price,  $1.75. 

A  charming  story  of  a  much  loved  garden.  Incidentally  dog  lovers 
will  find  some  of  the  dearest  dog  friends  described  with  loving  realism. 

The  marginal  illustrations  by  Charles  Robinson  add  much  to  the 
charm  of  the  book. 

There  is  a  great  deal  of  practical  and  helpful  information,  but  the 
grace  of  style,  the  insight  into  the  life  of  a  deUghtful  family,  are  the 
outstanding  qualities  of  a  book  that  will  make  happy  reading  for 
many  a  winter  evening.  G.  S.  W. 

The  Small  Place  by  Elsa  Rehmann.  F.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
Price,  $2. 50. 

Fifteen  small  places  are  presented  as  problems.  Their  development 
is  described  by  the  aid  of  plans  and  excellent  photographs.  Each  place 
is  the  work  of  a  different  landscape  architect. 

To  quote  the  author:  "  These  fifteen  problems  are  of  such  diversity 
in  design  and  planting  that  they  exhibit  many  principles  of  landscape 
art  as  they  are  appHed  to  the  small  place.  They  emphasize  the  fact 
that  while  all  problems  are  governed  by  the  same  laws,  each  demands 
an  individual  treatment."  An  invaluable  book  for  anyone  planning  a 
new  place.  G.  S.  W. 

Landscape  Architecture,  a  valuable  quarterly.  Published  at  Crescent 

29 


&  Mulberry  Streets,  Harrisburg,  Pa.    Editorial  office,  15  East  40th 
Street,  New  York  City.   Price,  $2.00. 

The  number  published  in  October,  1919,  contains  a  check  list  of 
plants  mentioned  in  the  Arnold  Arboretum  Bulletins.  The  plants  are 
listed  as  to  size,  name,  time  of  blooming  and  habitat.  A  short  descrip- 
tion of  each  plant  as  to  color  and  habit  of  growth  is  also  given. 

G.  S.  W. 

Ten  books  recommended  as  the  nucleus  for  a  garden  Hbrary,  all 
of  which  have  been  reviewed  in  the  Bulletin. 

What  England  Can  Teach  Us  About  Gardening.  By  William  Miller, 
Ph.  D. 

My  Garden  Series.   By  E.  A.  Bowles. 
Color  Schemes  for  the  Flower  Garden.   By  Gertrude  Jekyll. 
The  Well  Considered  Garden.   By  Mrs.  Francis  King. 
The  Garden  Month  by  Month.   By  Mabel  Cabot  Sedgfiwick. 
Studies  in  Gardening.  By  A.  Clutton-Brock. 
The  Flower  and  the  Bee.  By  John  H.  Lovell. 
Rock  Gardening  for  Amateurs.  By  H.  H.  Thomas. 
Charles  Eliot,  Landscape  Architect. 

The  Practical  Book  of  Outdoor  Rose  Growing.  By  George  C. 
Thomas  Jr. 

Departments 

The  Garden       The  Autumn  is  upon  us,  this  season's  garden  is  an  accomplished 
Miscellany  ^^5^'  nothing  we  can  do  now  will  fill  the  bare  spaces  or  cover  up  our 
mistakes.    It  is  a  time  for  stock-taking,  seed-collecting,  experience 
meetings  and  good  resolutions. 
Stock-taxing        In  these  delicious  balmy  days  and  cool  nights  the  garden  is  (should 
be!)  at  its  prime  and  there  is  a  sense  of  rest  and  peace  caused  by  the 
futility  of  further  effort  this  year.  We  should  relax,  take  to  our  garden 
chairs  and  quietly  contemplate  our  gardens  as  a  whole,  making  notes 
of  our  mistakes  and  successes  before  the  excitement  of  fall  work 
begins. 
White         Have  you  forgotten  (as  I  have)  the  value  of  White  used  as  high 
lights?  I  made  the  careless  mistake  of  placing  two  or  three  varieties  of 
white  plants  together,  losing  all  their  personality  ....  white 
Phlox,  Nicotine,  Cleome  and  Artimesia  lactiftora  ....   a  perfect 
hodge-podge.  White  annual  Lupin  and  White  Phlox  on  the  other  hand 
are  charming  together  because  of  their  great  difference  of  form.  White 
is  the  salt  of  the  garden  and  it  should  be  scattered  thoroughly  through 
the  borders  to  give  the  airy,  fluffy  feeling. 
Reserves        Did  you  remember  to  have  a  good  stock  of  annuals,  that  enjoy 
transplanting,  in  a  reserve  bed  to  fill  in  those  dreadful  gaps  caused 

30 


by  the  demise  of  the  Poppies?  I  found  that  the  most  useful  were 
Ageratum  (dwarf  blue);  Zinnias  (cream  and  flesh  colored);  Lady- 
slippers  (salmon  pink;)  Asters  (single  violet) :  Phlox  Drummondi  and 
Nasturtiums  (buff  and  apricot  shades).  Yes!  Dwarf  Nasturtiums 
transplant  perfectly  even  in  August  if  you  cut  off  every  leaf  and  shade 
for  48  hours.  They  then  burst  out  into  a  ball  of  bloom. 

To  vary  and  prolong  the  period  of  blooming  of  your  Phlox  lift  Phlox 
every  other  one  in  early  April,  putting  a  spadeful  of  compost  in  the 
bottom  of  the  hole  and  reset  at  once  firmly  and  deeply,  watering 
thoroughly.  This  will  retard  their  bloom  ten  days  and  they  will  be  at 
their  best  just  when  you  are  removing  the  passee  heads  of  the  earlier 
Phloxes;  if  their  heads  are  also  removed,  as  soon  as  over,  you  will  have 
a  gorgeous  display  from  July  25th  till  frost.  Phlox  do  not  "revert  to 
magenta"  if  they  are  well  fed  and  divided  every  three  years.  It  is  the 
young  seedlings  which  come  up  around  the  parent  plant  which  are  apt 
to  revert  to  type;  therefore  they  should  always  be  pulled  out  and 
placed  in  a  reserve  bed  till  they  have  proved  their  identity.  The  fol- 
lowing are  excellent  varieties. 

Phlox  Elizabeth  Campbell;  salmon-pink  (early). 

Phlox  Antoine  Mercier;  mauve. 

Phlox  Mme.  Paul  Dutrie;  palest  pink. 

Phlox  William  C.  Egan;  palest  pink,  very  large. 

Phlox  Eugene  Danzanvilliers;  mauve  (late). 

Phlox  Eanny  Pleiderer;  deep  salmon. 

Phlox  Wanadis;  greyish  mauve  (late). 

Phlox  Von  Lassberg;  white. 

Phlox  Jeanne  D'Arc;  White,  tall. 

The  value  of  the  low  flowering  perennial  Delphinium  Chinensis  is  Delphinium 
often  overlooked.  Year-old  plants  flower  just  as  the  tall  hybrids  are  Chinensis 
over;  and  the  seedlings  which  were  started  in  the  spring  come  just  as 
the  year-olds  are  fading  and  last  well  into  September.  This  larkspur 
seeds  so  heartily  that  it  is  important  to  cut  it  down  as  soon  as  its  bloom 
is  past  in  order  to  preserve  its  strength.  Treated  thus  it  is  a  very 
hardy  perennial.  Sutton's  Porcelain  Blue  is  a  rarely  seen  D.  Chinensis 
of  a  pale  Belladonna  shade.  Sutton's  Queen  of  the  Blues  is  an  irri- 
descent  cobalt  of  the  purest  tone.  Vaughan's  Chinensis  Album  is  the 
best  white  we  have  found. 

This  choice  cobalt  blue  Salvia  does  so  much  better  if  it  is  dug  up  Salvia 
in  the  fall  and  the  roots  stored  in  sand  in  such  a  place  as  you  would  Pratensis 
store  Dahlias.  It  then  forms  large  sturdy  plants  flowering  much  earlier 
than  those  raised  from  seed  or  cuttings  and  with  many  more  spikes  of 
bloom. 

Remember  the  cursed  Quarantine  3  7  and  save  seed  of  all  your  choicer  Saving    Seed 
plants. 

31 


Lasiandra  The  violet  Lasiandra,  which  we  all  admired  so  much  in  the  garden 
at  Castle  Hill,  has  done  well  in  my  sea-side  garden  in  spite  of  its  journey 
from  Boston.  Placed  in  pots  and  sunken  in  a  sheltered  place  it  has 
bloomed  charmingly;  its  rose-colored  buds,  or  rather,  the  involucre 
surrounding  the  buds,  enhance  the  deep  tone  of  the  large  violet 
blooms.  It  belongs  to  the  Meadow  Beauty  family  and  its  only  relative 
in  North  America  is  our  Rhexia  Virginica. 
Campanulas  New  to  us  was  the  Milky  Bellflower  (C.  ladijtora  cerulea,  as  listed 
by  Henry  Dreer).  It  is  perennial  and  grows  about  2  feet  high.  It 
branches  out  in  delightful  Wisteria-blue  bells  and  is  equally  good  for 
cutting  or  in  the  border. 

Campanula  persicifolia,  double  blue,  which  is  called  ^^  Elsie  Kel- 
way^^  in  England,  was  the  choicest  treasure  we  brought  back  from  the 
North  Shore.  Its  erect  growth  and  lavender-violet  blossoms  makes  it 
stand  out  as  the  most  conspicuous  thing  in  the  border.  Although  it 
came  to  us  in  full  bloom  on  July  ist  it  still  had  a  few  flowers  at 
the  end  of  August!  It  can  be  obtained  from  Ralph  W.  Ward,  Beverly, 
Mass. 

The  Gland  Bell-flower,  Adenophora  is  also  a  Campanula.  It 
blooms  in  August,  a  shrub-like  plant  about  three  feet  high.  The 
blooms  are  pendant  pale  bluish-lavender  bells  and  it  is  particularly 
fine  surrounded  entirely  by  foliage  of  Acquilegia  or  low  Thalictrum. 
(From  A.  N.  Pierson,  Cromwell,  Conn.) 
New  Annuals  Among  the  Annuals  which  we  tried  for  the  first  time,  the  White 
Linaria  (Sutton)  was  the  greatest  acquisition.  It  blooms  quickly  from 
seed  sown  early  where  it  is  to  bloom  and  also  transplants  well.  If  cut 
back  once  or  twice  a  season  it  blooms  well  on  into  September.  It  is  a 
valuable  creamy  white  with  a  tiny  yellow  throat,  and,  of  course,  is  a 
first  cousin  to  our  familiar  "Butter  and  eggs." 

The  Violet  Cress,  Inopsidium  aucale,  (Sutton)  is  a  little  treasure 
for  low  edgings  as  it  is  only  2  inches  high  and  blooms  in  any  kind  of 
well  drained  soil.  Sow  it  where  it  is  to  bloom  and  use  as  you  would  the 
dwarfer  kinds  of  Alyssum. 

Woodruff,  Asperula  ordorea  setosa  is  an  old-fashioned  little  annual 
which  we  welcome  back  into  our  borders.  Sow  it  also  where  it  is  to 
bloom.  It  is  particularly  nice  for  picking  its  small  mauve  clusters  of 
tubular  flowers. 

Papaver  Pillosum  (Sutton)  is  the  name  of  that  exquisite  salmon 
pink  annual  Poppy  that  we  all  admired  at  Mrs.  Hopkinson's. 

Phlox  Drummondi,  var  Sutton's  Mauve  Beauty  is  a  very  dwarf 
variety  which  is  invaluable  as  an  edging,  especially  good  when  sowed 
where  it  is  to  bloom  and  rigorously  thinned. 

Coriander,  an  herb  used  in  confectionary,  is  the  most  fetching 
mauve  and  white  tiny  umbelliferous  flower  with  fine  thread-like 

32 


leaves.  It  should  be  grown  for  cutting  only  and  is  a  most  useful  addi- 
tion to  our  table  decorations. 

Rue,  also  an  herb  from  the  kitchen  garden,  has  curious  blue-green 
leaves,  lobed  and  feathered  in  a  most  surprising  way,  its  pale  yellow 
inconspicuous  flowers  are  charmmg  in  July  in  the  blue  border.  Height, 
about  one  foot. 

The  Clematis  so  admired  in  Mrs.  Lane's  garden  is  the  Clematis  Perennials 
Montana  spoken  of  so  often  by  Miss  Jekyll  in  her  Color  in  the  Flower 
Garden,  page  107,  et,  sec.  Study  of  the  wonderful  pictures  of  this 
Clematis  all  through  that  book  led  me  to  try  it  here  at  the  sea  in  19 13. 
It  has  grown  superbly  on  the  concrete  wall,  but  it  blooms  early  in 
June  here  instead  of  July  28th,  as  on  the  North  Shore. 

The  Lychnis,  also  seen  at  Mrs.  Lane's,  which  was  a  sheet  of  pink,  is 
Lychnis  flos-cticuli  plenissima  semperflorens,  which  translated  into 
Yankee  is  Cuckoo-Flower.  Bobbink  and  Atkins  and  many  other 
nurseries  list  it.  It  is  very  hardy  and  should  be  divided  every  third 
year.  In  spite  of  the  quarantine  against  our  beloved  Bleeding-Hearts, 
Dicentra  Spectabilis,  some  of  our  nurserymen  are  still  able  to  supply 
them.  The  Muller-Sealey  Horticultural  Co.,  145  West  45,  N.  Y. 
offer  extra  heavy  clumps  suitable  either  for  planting  out  or  forcing  in 
the  greenhouse. 

In  the  Garden  Magazine  (English)  of  July  30th,  we  noted  an  article 
on  a  "Rapid  method  of  increasing  Hybrid  Delphiniums"  which  ex- 
plained in  detail  how  to  detach  the  growing  side  shoots  and  pot  them 
up  in  July,  thus  gaining  at  least  a  year,  and  also  making  sure  that  you 
have  the  exact  variety.  I  followed  the  directions  very  carefully  with 
the  result  that  I  now  have  twenty -four  large,  healthy  plants  of  Capri, 
(impossible  to  obtain)  from  my  two  old  clumps  and  have  not  impaired 
the  health  of  the  parent  plants  in  the  least! 

We  have  been  asked  which  of  the  newer  Bearded  Iris  appealed  Iris 
particularly  to  us  in  the  Philadelphia  Show  (where  one  of  our  mem- 
bers, Mrs.  Horatio  Lloyd,  won  the  Sweep-stakes  prize  offered  by  our 
Mrs.  Chas.  Stout).  The  artificial  lighting  made  it  difficult  to  judge 
the  exact  coloring,  but  after  carrying  a  number  of  the  beautiful  things 
out  to  the  sunlight,  we  can  at  least  vouch  for  the  following  and  recom- 
mend them  unreservedly : 

Isoline,  S.  Lilac  pink,  F.  Old  rose  and  yellow,  Bobbink  and  Atkins, 
Rutherford,  N.  Y.,  $1.00  each. 

Edotiard  Michel,  S  &  F.  Wine  red.  Bobbink  and  Atkins,  Ruth- 
erford, N.  Y.,  $1.50  each. 

Archeveque,  tones  of  deep  purple,  very  large,  $1.00. 

Monsignor,  S,  violet,  F.  purple,  fine  form,  $1.00. 

Kashmire  White,  (John  Scheepers,  N.  Y.),  $2.00. 

Crusader,  S.  &  F.  blue,  enormous,  $1.25. 

33 


Lent  A.  Willmmson,  (C.  W.  Hubbard,  6144  Lakewood  Ave., 
Chicago,  111.)  $2.50. 

Afterglow,  (C.  W.  Hubbard,  6144  Lakewood  Ave.,  Chicago,  111.) 
$5.00. 

Delila,  S.  Flesh  color  F.  warm  purple,  $2.00. 

Anna  Farr,  Bertram  H.  Farr,  Wyomissing,  Pa. 

Minnehaha,  Bertram  H.  Farr,  Wyomissing,  Pa. 

Quakeress,  Bertram  H.  Farr,  Wyomissing,  Pa. 

Chester  J.  Hunt,  Bertram  H.  Farr,  Wyomissing,  Pa. 

Red  Cloud,  Bertram  H.  Farr,  Wyomissing,  Pa. 

Zua,  Grey  white,  crinkled,  enchanting.  (From  C.  W.  Hubbard, 
Chicago). 

Mary  Garden,  S.  Pale  yellow  S.  Lavender.  Mrs.  Cleveland  has  a 
good  stock  of  this  at  75c  each. 

The  old  Iris  that  held  their  own  against  all  comers  seemed  to  be : 
Lorely;  Darius;  Mrs.  H.  Darwin;  Pallida  Dalmatica;  Princess  Victoria 
Louise. 

Peacock's  Eye  is  a  fine  mauve  and  yellow  listed  by  Bobbink  and 
Atkins. 
Hybridizing        The  Club  should  be  very  proud  of  the  work  of  Iris  hybridizing  that 
Iris  one  of  our  members  has  been  quietly  and  patiently  carrying  on  for  the 
past  ten  years  at  her  farm  at  Eaton-town,  New  Jersey.    Mrs.  Frances 
SuNNYBROOK  Cleveland  now  lists  fifteen  entirely  distinct  seedlings  in  her  catalogue. 
Seedlings  She  is  following  close  in  the  steps  of  Miss  Grace  Sturtevant  and 
Mrs.  Dean,  both  world-famed  for  their  Iris.    Her  porcelain  blue  Iris 
Siberica  '^ Madam  Butterfly"  $2.50  each,  is  a  dream  of  beauty;  tall, 
floriferous  and  hardy.    She  has  just  gotten  out  a  catalogue  of  the 
choicest  old  and  new  varieties  with  excellent  descriptions.  If  she  goes 
on  at  this  rate  she  will  soon  be  out  of  our  amateur  class.  The  Rumson 
Club  may  well  be  proud  of  her  work. 
Catalogues        The  Catalogue  de  Luxe  of  Mr.  Scheepers,  which  is  really  a  camou- 
flaged bulb  catalogue,  has  given  us  all  great  pleasure.    But  it  gives 
cause  for  thought.    How  far  is  this  craze  for  luxurious  perfection 
going  to  lead  us?  The  prices  in  it  are  fair,  therefore  it  cannot  be  said 
that  it  is  only  for  the  rich;  and  yet  we  must  remember  that  the  true 
test  of  a  Catalogue  is  the  quality  of  the  plants.  Are  these  beautifully 
manicured  bulbs  any  different  from  those  fisted  by  Stumpp  &  Walter, 
Dreer,  Bobbink,  Farquhar,  or  the  old  firm  of  Van  Tubergen  (E.  J. 
Krug,  no  Broad  St.,  N.  Y.)?   I  think  not.   These  catalogues  are  de- 
lightful and  will  gain  many  new  purchasers,  but  the  old  guard  of  ex- 
perienced planters  will  stick  to  the  firms  that  have  served  them  so  well 
for  years  and  buy  from  the  "  Catalogue  de  Luxe  "  only  those  varieties 
not  listed  elsewhere. 
Bulbs        That  reminds  me,  have  all  of  our  thousands  of  members  ordered 

34 


their  bulbs  for  fall  planting?  Don't  delay;  the  choicest  bulbs  go  first. 
Don't  forget  Le  Reve  Cottage  tulip,  which  is  sometimes  listed  as 
Hobbema.  It  is  flesh  color  turning  to  salmon.  Moonlight,  palest  yellow 
and  a  tall  grower;  La  Merveille;  White  Hawk;  and  Murillo,  the  only 
double  tuhp  that  I  love. 

Of  course  if  you  have  not  tried  Darwin  Tulips,  great  three-foot 
high  beauties,  be  sure  to  order  a  good  mixture  for  your  first  experience 
among  them.  Stumpp  has  a  specially  good  mixture  at  $6.00  a  hundred. 
Muller-Sealey  lists  them  at  $5.00  a  hundred.  Van  Tubergen  is  less  of 
course,  but  the  duty,  etc.,  is  added.  After  you  have  become  familiar 
with  this  type  of  tulip  you  will  spend  all  your  spare  cash  for  the  rest  of 
your  life  on  the  choice  varieties  listed  m  the  "Catalogues  de  Luxe." 

Anna  Oilman  Hill. 


Stimulated  and  inspired  by  what  I  saw  in  the  Eastern  gardens,  PlANT 
I  have  come  home  to  the  dryest  summer  my  garden  has  ever  known,  MATERIAL 
and  oh!  how  grateful  I  have  been  to  those  brave  flowers  that  have 
girded  on  their  armor  of  blossoms  and  marched  along  in  spite  of 
crackmg  earth  and  searing  wind.  And  I  have  watched  with  such  inter- 
est the  difference  in  drought-resistance  between  the  established  plant, 
the  plant  set  last  fall,  and  the  plant  set  this  sprmg. 

The  plant  shrub  or  tree  that  can  be  set  early  enough  in  the  fall  to 
make  even  a  slight  root-growl^h  before  the  ground  freezes  deep,  has  a 
dozen  chances  of  making  a  normal  growth  the  following  summer, 
to  the  one  chance  of  the  plant  set  in  the  sprmg,  but  it  must  be  set  early 
enough,  and  most  of  us  are  not  willing  to  dig  up  our  gardens  or  muss  up 
our  places  to  have  the  planting  done  until  the  frost  has  taken  the  ten- 
der beauty  from  our  gardens.  Alas,  that  is  almost  always  too  late!  I 
prefer  not  to  plant  perennials  later  than  the  20th  of  September,  and  I 
never  plant  them  after  the  loth  of  October.  For  shrubs  and  trees, 
I  do  not  plant  later  than  November  first.  The  difference  between  the 
perennials  and  woody  plants  is  that  the  roots  of  perennials  are  as  a 
rule  much  nearer  the  surface  than  the  roots  of  woody  plants,  and  the 
surface  of  the  soil  freezes,  and  stays  frozen  long  before  the  under  soil 
freezes  at  all,  as  it  has  the  vast  accumulation  of  summer  heat  to  keep  it 
from  freezing.  After  moving,  which  is  really  a  major  operation  to  a 
plant,  it  must  have  at  least  six  weeks  in  which  to  recover  and  make  a 
slight  root-growth,  or  it  cannot  resist  the  drymg  winds  of  winter, 
which  are  far  harder  to  endure  than  any  degree  of  frost,  and  in  the  case 
of  the  shallow-rooted  perennials,  if  some  root-growth  is  not  made,  they 
are  thrown  out  of  the  ground  by  the  frost. 

Iris  and  Peonies  should  be  settled  in  their  permanent  positions 
before  the  tenth  of  September,  and  much  earlier  than  that  if  possible, 

35 


and  though  it  is  late  to  speak  of  them,  I  can't  resist  singing  the  praises 
of  a  few  old  and  a  few  new  favorites.  Have  you  Alcazar,  that  loveliest 
of  dark  Iris?  It  is  a  blue  purple,  but  luminous,  and  so  tall  and  large  as 
to  quite  dominate  the  garden.  Alas,  with  me,  it  is  not  enduring,  but  I 
constantly  replace  it,  for  I  cannot  be  without  it.  The  little  purple 
Iris  Pumila  is  not  seen  often  enough.  In  my  garden  it  is  planted  with 
the  primrose  yellow  Hyacinth,  and  makes  a  "spot  of  joy."  I  also  love 
Isoline,  tall  and  stately,  and  of  an  indescribable  opalescent  orchid 
pink,  but  "she  dies  on  me"  as  the  gardener  says,  and  I  must  give  her 
up,  as  I  cannot  have  too  many  temperamental  plants  in  my  border. 
Anyway  May  Queen  and  Her  Majesty  are  somewhat  near  the  color, 
and,  if  you  have  not  seen  Isoline,  are  indeed  a  marvelous  pink -mauve. 
As  for  Peonies,  I  have  lost  my  heart  to  a  new  one,  Therese,  a  huge  shell- 
pink  beauty,  of  lovely  form,  with  foliage  like  Festiva  Maxima,  Could 
I  say  more?  Still  very  expensive,  but  I  am  told  it  grows  so  rapidly 
that  we  may  soon  hope  to  have  it  within  reach. 

This  summer  I  am  most  grateful  to  Liatris  for  blooming  as  it  has 
done.  I  have  always  known  it,  but  never  grown  it  before,  but  I  find 
myself  yearning  more  and  more  for  the  up-standing,  spikey  things, 
that  give  the  garden  such  variety,  and  in  my  search  for  them,  I  came 
upon  Liatris.  Early  last  fall  I  planted  twelve  of  them  in  my  border, 
and  this  summer  they  have  each  sent  up  from  six  to  ten  spikes  of  a 
lovely  rosy  purple  bloom,  between  three  and  four  feet  high.  Never 
a  leaf  has  wilted  in  the  sun,  and  they  have  bloomed  serenely  through 
a  month  of  our  dryest  weather.  This  spring  I  planted  a  second  dozen 
in  the  same  border,  and  of  the  same  size.  None  have  been  more  than 
30  inches  high,  and  all  have  been  weak  and  wobbly,  so  that  staking 
them  has  been  a  problem.  Spring  set  phlox  has  suffered  greatly  this 
year,  except  the  always  dependable  Miss  Lingaard  who  has  bloomed 
much  longer  than  usual,  both  when  newly  set  and  when  estabHshed. 
I  have  never  planted  phlox  in  the  fall,  but  I  shall  do  so  this  year,  just 
for  experiment. 

One  of  the  most  charming  flowers  that  I  saw  this  summer  for  the 
first  time  is  the  Lychnis  flos-cnculi  plennissima.  It  is  the  same  lovely 
shade  of  pink  as  the  Lychnis  flos-cuculi,  but  is  not  only  double,  but  the 
petals  are  cut  to  the  fineness  of  fringe,  and  give  the  plant  an  inde- 
scribable lightness  that  so  many  double  flowers  lack.  Near  it,  but 
not  too  near,  was  a  lovely  color  of  Helianthemum,  a  true  apricot. 
The  Helianthemum  has  won  my  regard  this  summer,  for  it  evidently 
liked  our  weather,  and  rewarded  us  with  a  far  longer  season  of  bloom 
than  I  can  remember.  Do  grow  it,  it  is  worth  it.  It  comes  also  in  white 
and  a  good  pink,  and  clear  yellow,  and  blooms  all  through  June.  It 
is  in  either  of  its  colors,  a  delightful  flower  to  plant  with  masses  of 
Nepeta  mussini,  or  with  the  spring-flowering  Veronicas,  known  as 

36 


Amethystina,  and  Royal  Blue.  We  saw  the  Oriental  Poppy,  Mahony, 
used  to  perfection,  and  how  much  more  beautiful  it  is  than  the  more 
commonly  seen  salmon  pink  one  that,  though  lovely  in  itself,  vdU  swear 
at  its  neighbors  sometiines.  I  have  had  a  growing  distaste  for  salmon 
pink,  for  I  have  been  keenly  aware  of  its  quarrelsome  nature,  when  it 
finds  itself  anywhere  near  a  cool  pink. 

We  have  only  four  dependable  garden  stand-bys  that  are  uncom- 
promisingly salmon — Oriental  Poppy  of  named  varieties,  Sweet- 
William  Newport  pink,  Phlox  Thor,  and  the  salmon  pink  Zinnia.  The 
last  named  does  not  always  stay  salmon-pink,  but  often  ages  into  a 
cooler  rose,  not  bad  with  its  own  salmon-pink  young  sisters  if  they 
are  left  to  themselves,  but  quite  dreadfully  out  of  harmony  with  its 
own  family,  if  the  family  is  urged  on  to  a  greater  sahnon-ness  by  the 
presence  of  Thor  Phlox,  for  instance.  The  appropriateness  of  its 
strange  old  name  "Youth  and  Old  Age"  was  never  so  clear  to  me  as 
when  I  saw  it  planted  with  the  Thor  Phlox.  I  cannot  give  up  the 
salmon  Zinnia,  but  lovely  as  I  know  they  are,  the  other  three  must  go 
from  my  border,  for  their  presence  would  exclude  from  it  all  that  world 
of  cool  pink,  beginning  with  Darwin  TuHps.  The  mauve  Iris  that  is 
almost  pink,  the  Peonies,  Canterbury-bells,  Fox -gloves,  the  delicious 
Scotch  Pinks,  and  that  most  lovely  pink  Gladiolus,  Pink  Perfection, 
would  have  to  go,  for  I  have  found  it  hard  to  hold  that  gladiolus  back 
to  bloom  in  October,  as  I  do  T^dth  such  success  'with  my  other  two 
favorites — Schwaben  and  Baron  Etdot. 

Every  one  should  plant  at  least  one  of  the  Hydrangea  petiolaris, 
not  because  it  is  a  new  vine,  but  because  it  is  the  best  vine.  As  hardy 
as  the  Boston  Ivy,  it  grows  in  much  the  same  way,  with  its  aerial  root- 
lets clinging  to  the  rough  surface  of  brick  or  plaster.  If  grown  on 
wood,  it  must  have  some  lattice  support.  We  saw  it  used  in  such 
different  ways  in  the  east,  over  the  terrace  at  Mrs.  Denegre's,  over 
the  rocks  at  Mrs.  Moore's,  and  blooming  to  the  roof  of  the  Adminis- 
tration Building  at  the  Arboretum. 

Louise  S.  Hubbard. 

The  St.  Martin  Strawberry  previously  described  in  this  depart- 
ment may  be  obtained  from  the  originator,  Louis  Graton,  \\Tiit- 
man,  Mass. 

With  every  prospect  of  high  food  prices  continuing  throughout  GARDEN 
the  year,  aU  earnest  gardeners  as  well  as  thrifty  house^dves,  should  PesTS  ANT 
take  much  interest  in  the  vegetable  gardens,  both  for  summer  use  and  Remedies 
for  production  of  winter  storage  crops. 

The  following  practical  suggestions  may  be  found  helpful: 

Light  soil  is  improved  by  rich  manure,  while  heavy  soil  must  be 

37 


trenched  and  rendered  porous  by  the  addition  of  strawy  manure,  leaf 
mould,  road  scrapings  and  burnt  rubbish. 
Wood  Manurial  Value  of  Wood  Ashes:  At  this  time  of  the  year  there  is 
Ashes  much  garden  refuse  in  the  way  of  tree  and  bush  cHpping,  cabbage 
stalks,  etc.  This  material  can  be  all  turned  to  account  by  collecting 
together  and  burning.  The  resultant  ash  is  one  of  the  best  manures 
obtainable,  especially  if  a  little  lime  be  mixed  with  it.  On  heavy  clay 
soils  a  dressing  of  ashes  wDl  lighten  it  and  render  it  more  fit  for  cul- 
tivation, and  where  wireworm  and  other  pests  abound  a  supply  of 
charred  refuse  instead  of  animal  manure  will  tend  to  lessen  their 
ravages.  There  is  no  dearth  of  material  in  most  gardens,  and  the 
bonfire  will  prove  a  blessing  both  as  regards  the  tidiness  of  the  garden 
and  in  the  increase  of  fertilizing  material. 

The  Gardener. 

Peonies  If  your  peonies  have  shown  any  sign  of  disease  during  the  summer, 
be  careful  to  bum  all  stalks  and  leaves  to  lessen  the  possibility  of  fur- 
ther infection.  As  a  sanitary  measure  it  is  an  excellent  plan  to  cut  the 
stalks,  letting  them  fall  over  the  plant  and  bum  them  as  they  have 
fallen.  This  should  be  done  while  the  stalks  and  leaves  are  slightly 
damp  that  the  fire  may  smolder  for  some  time,  rather  than  bum  hotly 
for  a  few  minutes. 
Iris  Rot  Iris  rot  and  Iris  worm  are  two  pests  which  so  far  have  wrought 
havoc  in  Iris  gardens  unchecked.  Mrs.  Colin  S.  McKinney  of 
Madison,  New  Jersey,  is  responsible  for  these  remedies: — 

Iris  Rot.  Dissolve  tablets  of  Corrosive  Sublimate  i-iooo,  and 
spray  on  the  affected  leaves,  which  show  a  purplish  streak.  If  the 
rot  has  reached  the  roots,  dig  them  up,  cutting  away  all  affected  parts, 
and  paint  the  corrosive  sublimate  on  the  wound.  This  is  an  absolute 
check  to  the  disease. 

The  moth  of  the  Iris  worm  lays  its  eggs  at  the  base  of  the  leaves 
during  the  spring.  The  worm  digs  its  way  down  into  the  root  after 
it  has  run  a  little  way  up  into  the  leaf  for  its  first  diet  of  greens.  A 
light  burning-over  in  the  spring  will  destroy  the  eggs  before  they  hatch. 
Burn  leaves  or  light  rubbish  which  does  not  make  too  hot  a  fire. 

Henrietta  M.  Stout. 

Protecting  At  Hillcrest  we  were  fortunate  in  losing  few  of  our  roses  last  winter. 
Roses  in  As  we  hear  that  this  was  not  the  general  experience,  we  are  glad  to  give 
Winter  our  method.  We  first  cover  them  with  soil  much  as  we  do  our  rasp- 
berries. Over  the  soil  we  place  the  autumn  leaves,  then  boughs  of  pine 
from  our  woods.  These  pine  boughs  were  probably  the  reason  for  our 
success  last  winter,  the  spring  of  the  boughs  protected  the  roses  from 
the  heavy  weight  of  the  snow.  Horticulture. 

38 


With  a  view  to  meeting  the  needs  of  school  garden  club  members  Disinfecting 
who  want  a  simple  method  of  disinfecting  small  quantities  of  soil  in  Soil  with 
which  to  start  seedlings,  the  Department  of  Agriculture  has  been  con-  Boiling 
ducting  investigations  that  point  to  boiling  water  as  a  simple  and  Water 
effective  means  to  this  end. 

The  Department  experts  state  that  their  tests  show  that  boiling 
water  at  the  rate  of  seven  gallons  per  cubic  foot  of  soil  in  shallow 
trenches  will  practically  eliminate  the  root-knot  nematode  and 
various  other  parasitic  fungi.  This  means  that  in  the  case  of  a  flat 
14  in.  by  30  in.  by  3  in.,  four  and  a  half  gallons  of  boiling  water  would 
be  needed.  An  8-in.  pot  can  be  easily  treated  by  an  application  of 
about  three  quarts  of  boiling  water. 

These  amounts  and  methods  are,  of  course,  too  small  to  be  of  use 
where  a  whole  greenhouse  or  even  a  whole  bench  or  soHd  bed  needs 
treatment,  but  they  may  easily  prove  convenient  and  valuable  in  pre- 
paring small  amounts  of  soil  for  the  sowing  of  especially  valuable 
seeds  of  rare  or  highly  fastidious  plants. 

O,  what  did  they  do  at  Dodona?  Or  by  doctors  and  barbers  for  curing,  The  GreEN 

Whut  did  the  Dodonians  do}  And  powdering  wigsf  CATERPILLAR 

(/  ask  as  the  ignorant  owner 
Of  oaks  not  a  few),  Whatever  their  use  or  their  uses, 

When  up  they  had  given  tJie  ghost, 
When  the  hosts  of  the  green  caterpillars      Whnt  we  want  is  the  way  that  reduces 

Invaded  their  sacred  domain?  Their  number  the  most. 

Did  they  call  in  a  posse  of  millers, 

To  grind  them  like  grain,  And,  if  we're  unable  to  find  it. 

If  no  remedy  seems  to  be  known, 
And  bake  them  for  feasts  sacrificial,  We  musi  make  up   our  minds   not  to 

Or  spread  them  like  butter  on  bread,  mind  it. 

Or  extract  from  them  oil  beneficial,  Atid  leave  them  alone. 

To  the  hair  of  the  head} 

But,  what  did  they  do  at  Dodona"} 
Werethey  used  on  the  farms  for  manuring,  I  am  sure,  if  their  story  is  true. 

Or  for  feeding  of  fowls  or  of  pigs,  They  could  give  to  the  oak  and  its  owner 

A  wrinkle  or  two. 

Thomas  Thornley  in  Fen  and  Fell. 

Cultivators  are  in  some  seasons  greatly  troubled  by  this  pest,  Leaf-Miner 
which  tunnels  its  way  beneath  the  cuticle  of  the  leaves,  destroying  the  on  Chrys- 
tissues  and  leaving  behind  distinct  markings.     The  same  creature  anthemums 
attacks  many  other  plants,  notably  Marguerites  and  Cinerarias. 
When  attack  is  slight,  the  squeezing  of  the  leaf  at  the  point  where  the 
grub  is  between  thumb  and  finger,  puts  an  end  to  its  work,  or  it  may 
be  picked  out  with  the  point  of  a  penknife,  pin  or  darning  needle.   If 
the  leaf  is  badly  marked,  remove  it  and  burn  it.     An  insecticide, 
though  it  is  useful  early  as  a  nieans  of  preventing  females  laying  their 
eggs,  is  useless  after  the  maggot  has  hatched.    A  careful  cultivator 

39 


11 


will  see  that  his  plants  are  not  largely  injured  by  this  pest;  it  invariably 
happens  that  the  first  attack  is  only  slight.  By  eradicating  those  that 
commence  the  attack  and  syringing  occasionally  with  some  nauseous 
emulsion  or  soot  water,  further  egg-lajdng  on  the  part  of  the  females 
is  checked, 

DELPHiNroM         Readers  who  may  be  troubled  with  the  above  disease  are  requested 
Black  Spot  to  send  specimens  to  Erwin  F.  Smith.  Pathologist  in  charge,  U.  S.  De- 
DiSEASE  partment  of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Washington,  D.  C. 
The  bureau  is  desirous  of  investigating  the  disease,  with  a  view  to 
combating  it.  Specimens  should  be  packed  in  a  stoutly  made  package 
and  with  sufficient  damp  moss  to  insure  their  arrival  in  a  fresh  con- 
dition. RoMAYNE  L.  Warren. 

News  and  Views 

VrvE  LE  A  member  of  a  flourishing  Garden  Club  asks  News  and  Views 
Vegetal  to  make  in  this  Fall  Planting  number  of  the  Bulletin  a  plea  for 
careful  planning  of  well  considered  vegetable  gardens  in  combination 
with  flower  gardens  where  space  is  restricted,  and  thinks  a  whole 
winter  none  too  long  to  evolve  a  successful  plan  whereby  a  lovely  color 
scheme  can  be  introduced  into  the  ordinary  kitchen  garden.  There 
must  be  something  fundamentally  wrong  with  the  man  or  woman  who 
does  not  love  a  vegetable  in  its  natural  as  well  as  in  its  culinary  state; 
the  dilettante  to  whom  a  bed  of  green  mint  means  nothing  more  than 
a  fitting  complement  to  a  lamb  whose  frisking  has  been  curtailed  by 
force,  or  who  feels  that  a  carrot  is  entirely  beyond  the  pale,  clearly 
has  no  soul,  and  therefore  no  niche  in  the  garden  universe. 

A  vegetable  garden  unadorned  is  a  joy,  but  combined  with  flowers 
such  as  our  correspondent  suggests,  it  would  indeed  be  a  thing  of  real 
beauty.  Perhaps  with  help  from  those  fortunate  people  who  rejoice  in 
a  sense  of  color,  the  indiscriminate  ''picking  bed"  so  often  combined 
with  a  vegetable  garden  could  be  improved  upon.  One  combination 
tried  with  success  and  sug'gested  by  its  creator  is  very  lovely.  She  has 
a  small  and  rather  narrow  garden  planted  with  alternate  rows  of  cool 
green  cabbage,  variegated  beets,  and  rose  pink  zinnias,  the  whole 
edged  with  blue  ageratum.  If  each  necessary  vegetable  could  find  its 
flower  affinity  as  has  been  done  for  the  cabbage  and  the  beet,  think  of 
the  result.  Our  friend  who  makes  the  request  has  given  us  added  in- 
terest in  the  coming  "spring  catalogue." 

The  Bean  as        In  the  morning  paper  is  an  item  on  the  page  that  is  devoted  to 

Literary  business.    It  says  that  beans  are  dull  but  firmly  held,  and  a  little 

Food  further  down  I  see  that  hay  is  quiet.   I  suppose  the  hot  summer  was 

40 


too  much  for  it.   But  to  return  to  the  beans.   Why  hold  them  firmly? 
Does  the  bean  struggle? 

I  know  it  is  eccentric,  for  I  have  seen  it  when  it  first  emerges  from 
the  ground.  Not  content  to  grow  up  like  any  other  self-respecting  veg- 
etable, it  tries  to  loop  itself  over  into  a  croquet  wdcket,  or,  like  an 
ostrich,  hides  its  head  in  the  sand.  But  its  antics  are  of  no  avail.  Bos- 
ton is  its  destiny,  there  to  be  baked  until  resistance  is  gone. 

All  this  is  because  the  bean  lacks  the  imagination  that  would  take 
it  from  its  life  of  dull  routine  and  narrow  destiny.  Can  it  be  that  the 
bean  has  a  kind  of  resurrection  in  the  brains  of  professors  and  savants 
of  Cambridge?  It  can  be.  As  the  bulb  flowers  into  the  lily,  so  the  bean 
is  transformed  into  thoughts  that  do  often  lie  too  deep  for  tears. 

Life. 

How  many  gardeners  know  that  a  bed  of  common  marigolds  will  Birds  and 
attract  the  American  gold  finch,  or  "wild  canary"?  That  they  de-  Marigolds 
pended  upon  thistles  for  a  part  of  their  floral  diet  I  already  knew,  but 
the  marigold  discovery  is  a  new  one,  and  they  are  a  charming  bit  of 
living  color  with  the  yellow  and  orange  of  that  rather  despised  flower. 
They  also  add  to  the  animate  part  of  a  garden,  such  a  fascinating 
part,  for  who  could  look  with  indifference  at  butter-flies  hovering  over 
buddleia,  or  at  bees  above  a  cranberry  bog,  or  on  night  moths,  or 
fire-flies  or  those  absurd  little  glow-worms  who  celebrate  their  joy  of 
living  by  kindling  small  fires  in  their  tail-ends? 

Those  who  have  not  been  fortunate  enough  to  see  for  themselves  The  Ware 
this  remarkable  collection,  will  be  interested  in  the  following  article  Collection 
contributed  by  Mrs.  Walter  James.  of  Glass 

"  Having  for  many  years  heard  of  the  wonderful  beauty  and  rare  Flowers 
workmanship  of  the  Ware  Collection  of  glass  models  of  flowers  in  the 
University  Museum  at  Cambridge,  I  stopped  there  on  my  way  to  the 
Annual  Meeting  in  June.  My  keen  expectation  was  more  than  realized 
for  the  collection  is  so  perfect  in  detail  that  no  amateur  description 
can  do  it  justice.  Here  are  models  strangely  true  to  life  of  all  the 
plants  and  flowers  with  which  we  are  so  familiar,  and  in  their  most 
perfect  forms,  and  also  flowers  of  other  countries,  some  of  which  are 
not  seen  in  our  Botanical  Gardens.  A  very  interesting  and  instructive 
feature  especially  valuable  to  students,  is  the  representation  of  various 
parts  and  organs  of  the  flowers  enlarged,  to  make  their  character  and 
purpose  plain,  dissections  in  what  might  be  called  magnified  fac- 
simile. A  fascinating  part  of  the  exhibition  is  devoted  to  the  relation 
of  insects  to  flowers,  with  especial  reference  to  cross-fertilization. 
These  insects  like  all  the  other  parts,  are  entirely  of  glass,  accurate  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.    For  instance,  a  large  and  beautiful  flower 

41 


holds  in  its  center  a  strange  exotic  looking  creature  which  is  struggling 
for  its  food,  and  in  its  effort,  throwing  pollen  (glass  dust)  on  its  back 
— thus  obviously  playing  its  part  in  the  wonderful  drama  of  Nature. 

The  Collection  was  formed  through  the  efforts  of  Professor 
Goodale,  Director  of  the  Botanic  Gardens  in  Cambridge,  and  was  made 
possible  by  the  generosity  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Ware  and  her  daughter, 
as  a  memorial  to  the  late  Dr.  Charles  Eliot  Ware  of  Boston. 

In  1886  Professor  Goodale  went  abroad  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing glass  models  of  certain  forms  of  lower  marine  life, — the  so-called 
marine  invertebrates — for  the  Cambridge  Museum.  He  was  directed 
to  the  studio  of  Leopold  Blaschka,  a  widely  known  worker  in  glass,  who 
lived  in  Pilnitz  on  the  Elbe  river  not  far  from  Dresden,  and  close  by 
the  Royal  Botanical  Gardens.  The  elder  Blaschka,  Leopold,  and  his 
son  Rudolph,  comprised  the  entire  working  force  of  the  atelier,  their 
ideals  of  the  old  fashioned  type  without  the  modem  passion  for  ex- 
pansion. 

Here  in  the  studio  Professor  Goodale  saw  some  beautiful  orchids 
which  were  so  perfect  that  he  did  not  at  first  realize  they  were  artificial. 
Like  other  teachers  of  Botany  he  had  long  felt  the  need  of  some  true 
and  permanent  representation  of  plants  and  flowers  for  his  students 
which  would  be  more  satisfactory  than  flat  paintings,  or  wax  and 
papier-mache  models,  and  impressed  with  the  beauty  of  the  orchids 
and  with  the  possibility  of  glass  models  from  the  standpoint  of  educa- 
tion, permanence  and  aesthetic  value  as  well,  he  determined  to  secure 
a  collection  for  his  University. 

The  extensive  Botanical  Gardens  of  the  German  cities  furnished 
the  Blaschkas  with  many  specimens,  and  they  had  always  met  with 
sympathy  and  co-operation  from  the  various  directors,  so  that  when 
Professor  Goodale  explained  his  idea,  naturally  wanting  examples  of 
the  flora  of  America,  it  was  not  easy  to  pursuade  them  to  undertake 
a  new  work.  But  six  years  later,  the  Blaschkas,  realizing  that  they 
must  go  further  afield  to  secure  material  for  study,  consented  to 
consider  Professor  Goodale's  offer,  and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
search  of  specimens,  preserving  many  of  them  to  take  home  with 
them,  and  making  sketches  and  models.  Three  years  later  they  made 
another  visit  to  this  country,  and  the  final  outcome  of  their  love  of 
beauty  and  passion  for  perfection,  and  Professor  Goodale's  vision  and 
patience,  is  this  unique  collection.  It  numbers  160  families,  540 
genera,  and  803  species." 

Helen  J.  James, 
Cold  Spring  Harbor. 

Don't  forget  to  send  news  of  your  Club  to  the  editor  of  this 
Department.  Martha  H.  B.  McNight. 

42 


special  Plant  Societies 


American  Carnation  Society 

A.  F.  J.  Bauer.  Sec'y.  Indianapolis.  Ind. 

Chrysanthemum  Society  of  Amehica 

C.  W.  Johnson,  Sec'y,  2242  W.  logth  Si., 

Chicago,  III. 

America  DahliA  Society 

E.  C.  Vick,  Sec'y,  205  Elmwood  Ave., 

Newark,  N.  J. 

National  D\nLiA  Soctetv 

R.  W.  Gill,  Sec'y,  Portland.  Oregon 

California  Dahlia  Society 

A'.  F.  Vanderbilt,  Sec'y,  725  Fifth  St., 

San  Rafael,  Cal. 

Southern  Dahlia  Society 

W.  E.  Clafiin,  Sec'y,  College  Park,  Md. 


American  Gladolius  Society 

A.  C.  Beals.  Sec'y,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

American  Iris  Society 

R.  S.  Sturlevant.  Sec'y,  Wellesley  Farms,  Mass. 

American  Peony  Society 

A.  P.  Saunders.  Sec'y,  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

Northwestern  Peonv  and  Iris  SoriETY 

W.  F.  Christman,  Sec'y,  3804  Fifth  Ave. 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 

American  Rose  Society 

Prof.  E.  A.  White.  Sec'y,  Cornell  University, 

Ithaca,  N.  7. 

American  Sweet  Pea  Society 

William  Gray,  Sec'y,  Believue  Rd. 

Newport,  R.  I. 


A  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Dahlia  Society  urges  Dahlia  Show 
the  Garden  Clubs  to  hold  their  Fall  Dahlia  Exhibitions  with  that 
of  the  Society,  to  be  held  September  27th-29th  at  the  Hotel  Pennsyl- 
vania, New  York. 

Their  preliminary  schedule  promises  a  wonderful  Show,  rich  in 
prizes  to  be  competed  for  by  the  amateur  as  well  as  the  professional. 

Special  arrangements  will  be  made  for  Garden  Clubs,  they  may 
have  their  own  prizes,  as  if  exhibiting  separately,  and  also,  by  co- 
operation with  the  American  Dahlia  Society,  may  compete  for  its 
prizes,  medals,  gold,  silver  and  bronze,  cups,  cash  and  Dahlia  tubers. 

It  is  hoped  the  Clubs  may  avail  themselves  of  this  wonderful    ^ 
offer  so  courteously  extended,  bearing  in  mind  that  a  wide  spread 
interest  in  flowers  is  one  of  the  aims  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Arrangements  may  be  made  by  communicating  with  the  Secretary, 
Mr.  E.  C.  Vick,  205  Elwood  Avenue,  Newark,  N.  J. 


The  first  Bulletin  of  the  American  Iris  Society  is  now  in  the  hands  Bulletin    of 
of  its  members  and  a  more  helpful  publication  it  would  be  hard  to  find,  the   Iris   So- 
The  cultivation  of  Iris  is  considered  from  every  angle  and  cultural  ciety 
notes  given  to  aid  amateurs  in  their  struggles  with  the  more  difficult 
varieties. 

It  would  seem  well  worth  while  to  become  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Iris  Society,  if  only  to  receive  its  Bulletin. 

Another  issue  is  contemplated  for  January.   Iris  lovers  will  await 
its  advent  with  interest. 

Anne  T.  Stewart. 


43 


Dahlia  Show  of  the  Short  HiUs  Garden  Club 

The  twelfth  Annual  Dahlia  Show  of  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club 
will  take  place  on  Wednesday  and  Thursday,  September  29th  and 
30th. 

All  members  of  the  Garden  Club  op  America  are  invited  to  lunch- 
eon on  Wednesday,  September  29th  at  the  Club  House  at  one  o'clock. 

[The  Short  HiUs  Garden  Club  Dahlia  Show  is  one  of  the  really 
important  shows  of  the  country  and  Garden  Club  members  are  urged 
to  accept  this  delightful  invitation  both  for  pleasure  and  enhghten- 
ment — Editor.] 


Notes 

Christmas  At  the  Garden  Club  meeting  held  in  New  York  last  December 
Trees  there  was  some  discussion  of  the  menace  to  our  forest  in  the  indiscrim- 
inate cutting  of  Christmas  trees.  No  definite  suggestions  were  made 
but  the  meeting  agreed  that  something  must  be  done.  There  has  been 
a  good  deal  of  public  interest  in  this  question  during  the  past  year. 
In  its  December  1919  issue  American  Forestry  printed  the  following 
on  its  front  page:  "Cut  the  Christmas  Trees  wisely  and  thus  display 
the  right  Christmas  spirit.  Each  year  thousands  of  dwellers  in  towns 
and  cities  near  the  National  Forests  or  privately  owned  forests  turn  to 
these  tracts  for  trees  which  are  to  be  the  central  feature  in  Yule-tide 
decorations.  Where  the  trees  are  cut  in  accordance  with  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Forest  Service  and  state  forestry  departments  no 
harm  is  done,  but  the  tendency  of  many  is  to  slash  the  growth  without 
regard  to  conserving  the  forest's  resources.  A  tree  selected  for  cutting 
should  be  one  which  is  part  of  a  group  of  trees  of  comparatively 
compact  growth  rather  than  a  more  or  less  isolated  tree,  the  absence  of 
which  would  make  a  decided  gap  which  future  growth  could  not  fill. 
To  follow  this  rule,  of  course,  prevents  the  wholesale  stripping  of 
wooded  tracts,  which  is  done  in  many  instances.  Objection  is  some- 
times made  to  selecting  for  Christmas  purposes  a  tree  standing  close 
to  others,  because  the  one  chosen  is  apt  tobeunsymmetrical.  This  ob- 
jection can  be  overcome  by  selecting  a  tree  somewhat  taller  than  the 
height  required  and  cutting  off  the  lower  end.  By  using  only  the  upper 
end  a  weU-shaped,  pleasing  ornament  can  be  obtained  which  results 
in  no  harm  to  the  forest." 

Some  nursery-men  contend  that  Christmas  trees  can  be  profitably 
nursery-grown,  others  that  they  cannot.  One  suggestion  is  that  for 
every  Christmas  tree  used  a  small  tree  be  planted  somewhere. 

Have  you  any  suggestions  to  make  and  do  you  think  that  the 
Garden  Club  of  America' should  concern  itself  with  this  question? 

44 


In  October  Mrs.  Sloan,  Chairman  of  the  Slides  Committee  expects  Lantern 
to  send  to  all  Presidents  a  Ust  of  the  slides  received  and  ready  for  Slides 
publication. 

In  his  report  at  the  Annual  Meeting  Dr.  Partridge  questioned  the  The  English- 
possibility  of  proving  what,  if  any,  advertising  value  the  national  man  and  the 
curse  of  bill-boards  possessed.    The  following  cUpping  from  a  New  American 
York  evening  paper  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  extensive  employ-  Bill-board 
ment  of  bill-boards  along  the  right  of  way  is  of  inestimable  value  to 
the  Pullman  Sleeping  Car  Company.  Is  this  an  especially  astute  form 
of  indirect  advertising?  If  the  use  of  highly -colored  and  overpersuasive 
bill-boards  is  discouraging  travel  by  day,  the  automobile  trade  should 
join  our  crusade  with  the  least  possible  delay. 

"All  Americans  travel  by  night,  probably  to  avoid  the  advertise- 
ments that  line  the  railways,  saj'^s  Henry  W.  Re\dnson  in  the  Man- 
chester Guardian.  One  would  suffer  much  to  escape  the  huge  boards 
adjuring  you  to  "Eat  Gorton's  Codfish;  no  bones!"  or  "Just  try  one 
bottle  of  the  Three-in-One  Oil,"  or  "Watch  him  register!"  with  four 
pictures  of  a  man  lighting  a  cigarette  in  anticipation,  hesitation, 
realization  and  satisfaction,  till  the  very  sight  of  him  makes  one  sad. 

So  Americans  and  English  visitors  alike  are  driven  to  travel  by  dark- 
ness, creeping  into  little  coverts  set  in  rows  one  above  the  other  along 
the  length  of  carriages,  and  shut  off  by  heavy  green  curtains.  There 
they  he  stifling  for  want  of  air  through  the  long  hours  of  night,  heavily 
asleep  or  listening  to  the  wails  and  griefs  of  a  mother  and  baby  in  the 
stifling  berth  overhead,  until  in  the  dim  morning  a  dark  attendant 
comes  to  shout  the  name  of  an  approaching  city,  and  it  is  time  to  crawl 
up  the  carriage  and  wash  in  the  cupboard  at  the  end.  To  this  has 
commercial  enterprise  reduced  a  race  renowned  for  sanit3^" 

Arnold  Arboretum  Notes 

Jamaica  Plain,  Mass., 
August  6,  192c. 
Dear  Mrs.  Sloan: 

In  writing  the  other  day  to  Mrs.  Brewster,  I  suggested  that  a  set 
of  the  colored  slides  of  plants  and  views  made  in  the  Arboretum  placed 
in  the  hands  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  might  be  made  useful 
in  increasing  the  knowledge  of  plants  among  the  members  of  your 
affiliated  clubs.  She  tells  me  that  it  is  to  you  that  I  should  write  on 
this  subject. 

My  suggestion  to  her  was  that  the  Arboretum  present  the  set  of 
sKdes  with  a  brief  syllabus  of  a  lecture  to  explain  them  to  the  Garden 
Club  oe  America  if  you  can  arrange  for  their  use  by  the  affihated 
clubs.   With  the  syllabus  the  Secretary  or  some  member  of  the  Club 

45 


should  be  able  to  show  the  sUdes  intelligently  and  it  might,  I  should 
think,  be  possible  to  arrange  such  lectures  not  only  for  the  members  of 
the  affiliated  clubs  but  also  for  the  general  public  in  the  communities 
were  the  different  clubs  are  located. 

There  seems  to  be  an  increasing  demand  for  such  talks  about  the 
plants  in  the  Arboretum,  judging  by  the  calls  to  lecture  on  the  sub- 
ject which  come  to  Mr.  Farrington,  the  editor  of  The  Journal  of 
Horticulture,  to  whom  the  Arboretum  has  furnished  a  set  of  these 
slides.  His  talks  have  usually  only  been  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Boston.  The  Art  Institute  of  Chicago  owns  a  set  of  the  Arboretum 
slides  and  its  President,  Mr.  Charles  L.  Hutchinson,  has  used  them 
several  times  for  lectures  on  the  Arboretum  in  Chicago.  The  Chicago 
Art  Institute  has  an  enormous  collection  of  slides  representing  art 
subjects  and  has  done  valuable  educational  work  in  sending  these 
through  the  western  states  as  a  basis  for  public  lectures.  I  believe  that 
the  Garden  Club  of  America  can  greatly  increase  its  influence  in 
this  way.  The  Arboretum  will  be  glad  to  cooperate  in  the  manner  I 
have  suggested. 

I  am,  Faithfully  yours, 

(Signed)  C.  S.  Sargent. 

Mrs.  Sloan  writes  that  the  offer  has,  of  course,  been  accepted 
and  adds  that  she  thinks  it  a  splendid  thing  for  the  Club. 

How  TO  There  are  two  entrances  to  the  Arboretum  from  the  Arborway,  a 
Reach  the  part  of  the  main  Boston  parkway,  one  close  to  Centre  Street,  Jamaica 
Arboretum  Plain,  leading  directly  to  the  Administration  Building,  and  the  other 
further  from  Boston  and  nearer  Forest  Hills.  There  are  also  entrances 
on  South  Street  and  South  Street  at  the  corner  of  Bussey  Street, 
Jamaica  Plain,  from  Walter  Street,  Jamaica  Plain,  and  from  Centre 
Street,  Jamaica  Plain.  Persons  desiring  to  reach  the  Arboretum  by 
motor  from  Boston  should  follow  the  parkway,  taking  it  at  Common- 
wealth Avenue.  This  will  bring  them  either  to  the  Jamaica  Plain 
entrance  neg.r  the  Administration  Building  or  to  the  Forest  Hills 
entrance.  By  trolley  the  Jamaica  Plain  entrance  is  reached  by  the  Sub- 
way and  the  South  Huntington  Avenue  cars  which  should  be  left  at 
the  Soldiers'  Monument  at  the  corner  of  EHot  and  Centre  Streets, 
Jamaica  Plain.  From  the  Soldiers'  Monument  to  the  Jamaica  Plain 
entrance  and  Administration  Building  is  a  short  five  minutes'  walk. 
The  Forest  Hills  entrance  can  be  reached  by  the  Subway  and  Elevated 
Road  to  Forest  Hills,  the  station  being  less  than  five  minutes'  walk 
from  the  entrance.  It  can  also  be  reached  by  the  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H. 
Railroad  from  the  South  and  Back  Bay  Stations  to  Forest  Hills. 

The  Arboretum  is  particularly  interesting  in  September  and 
October  from  the  large  quantity  of  handsome  and  interesting  fruits 

46 


which  grow  here  in  profusion  and  from  the  autumn  coloring  of  the 
foliage.  Probably  there  is  no  place  in  the  world  where  such  a  variety 
of  autumn  foHage  can  be  seen  in  a  small  area,  and  the  autumn  foliage 
season  is  prolonged  here  by  the  large  number  of  Chinese  and  Japanese 
plants  which  as  a  general  rule  assume  autumn  colors  three  or  four 
weeks  later  than  the  allied  American  trees  and  shrubs.  As  a  rule 
Europeans  who  know  the  Arboretum  are  more  interested  in  it  in  the 
autumn  than  they  are  in  the  spring,  for  they  are  not  able  to  see  in 
Europe  such  an  abundance  of  brilliant  fruits  or  such  masses  of  autumn 
foliage. 

Prof.  E.  H.  Wilson,  assistant  director  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  Mr.    E.    H. 
left  Boston  for  his  two  years'  trip  around  the  world.  It  seemed  highly  Wilson's  ?  '^ 
desirable  to  Prof.  C.  S.  Sargent  to  have  closer  connection  made  with  Trip  Around 
the  leading  horticultural  and  botanic  institutions  of  the  world,  and  the  World 
no  man  is  better  fitted  to  carry  out  such  a  project  than  Mr.  Wilson. 
Preliminary  to  his  trip  to  distant  countries,  Mr.  Wilson  will  spend  six 
weeks  in  England,  where  he  has  not  visited  for  nine  years.  He  expects 
to  spend  considerable  time  at  Kew  Gardens. 

He  will  then  go  to  Australia,  making  side  trips  from  there  to 
Tasmania  and  New  Zealand.  About  next  May,  if  his  plans  work  out, 
he  will  be  on  his  way  to  India,  where  he  will  probably  spend  several 
months. 

It  is  expected  that  Prof.  Wilson  will  accumulate  a  great  number  of 
rare  and  valuable  horticultural  pubHcations  for  the  Ubrary  at  the 
Arboretum,  as  well  as  many  herbarium  specimens  which  will  be  of  no 
little  value  to  students. 

While  this  is  not  primarily  a  plant  hunting  expedition,  undoubtedly  ' 
new  plants  of  value  will  be  found,  although  they  are  not  likely  to 
prove  hardy  in  New  England.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  Arboretum  has 
been  instrumental  in  introducing  many  plants  which,  while  not 
adapted  to  northern  climates,  have  added  much  to  the  flora  of  Cali- 
fornia and  Southern  states. 

Prof.  Wilson  is  especially  interested  in  securing  conifers  for 
America,  as  very  few  examples  of  these  plants  from  the  Southern 
hemisphere  have  been  grown  here.  It  is  felt  by  the  Arboretum  au- 
thorities, however,  that  this  work  will  be  greatly  handicapped  because 
of  the  drastic  rulings  of  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board,  which  make 
it  necessary  that  even  seeds  shaU  be  sent  to  Washington  before  the 
Arboretum  is  allowed  to  have  them,  and  the  baking  process  which  they 
go  through  at  the  capital  is  often  fatal  to  their  germination. 

Members  of  Garden  Clubs,  except  those  living  within  fifty  miles  of 
Boston,  wishing  to  visit  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  can  obtain  authority  to 

47 


do  so  by  motor  car  by  applying  in  writing  to  the  Director  of  the 
Arboretum,  Jamaica  Plain,  Massachusetts,  stating  the  time  of  their 
proposed  visit  and  giving  the  name  of  their  club. 

Would  You  a  Buyer  or  a  Seller  Be? 

Last  May  the  Woman's  National  Farm  and  Garden  Association 
issued  Folder  No.  i  listing  producing  members.  Maple  sugar,  honey, 
fresh  and  canned  fruit  and  vegetables,  jellies,  marmalades,  eggs,  flower 
seeds,  plants,  bulbs  and  roots  were  among  the  goods  advertised. 

One  advertiser  writes  that  she  sold  all  her  supply  of  maple  sugar 
and  had  to  refuse  orders;  another  says  that  within  less  than  three 
weeks  after  the  folder  was  distributed  she  had  received  orders  for  114 
jars  of  canned  vegetables  and  142  glasses  of  jam. 

A  high  standard  article  is  the  aim  of  the  Association.  Whenever 
possible,  producers  are  required  to  submit  samples  to  the  Sales 
Committee  before  they  are  allowed  to  advertise.  As  it  happens,  the 
Chairman  of  this  committee  is  a  woman  who  knows  pure  foods  from 
substitutes.  She  also  knows  when  jellies  and  jams  have  lost  their  flavor 
by  over-cooking,  and  can  detect  many  of  the  imperfections  that  spoil 
otherwise  good  food. 

Folder  No.  2,  to  be  issued  in  September,  is  sent  to  aU  members  of 
the  Farm  and  Garden  Association  and  to  others  on  request.  Non- 
members  who  wish  to  receive  it  regularly  must  become  members,  pay- 
ing the  regular  two-dollar  annual  membership  fee.  It  is  hoped  that  the 
next  issues  will  list  a  greater  variety  of  food  products,  such  as  apples, 
nuts,  cheese,  hams,  sausage,  butter,  and  will  represent  producers  in 
different  sections  of  the  country. 

Active  sales  are  to  be  held  at  the  National  Office  from  November 
to  April.  Here  members'  products,  including  food  and  handiwork,  will 
be  sold  on  commission.  The  establishment  of  this  shop  is  the  out- 
growth of  the  Christmas  Sales  which  were  started  soon  after  the 
Association  was  organized.  At  these  sales  city  women  have  found 
a  collection  of  unusual  articles  which  could  not  be  bought  at  any  one 
shop  elsewhere. 

Members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  are  welcomed  as 
buyers  or  sellers  at  the  Shop  and  through  the  Folder.  Inquiries  should 
be  addressed  to  the  General  Secretary,  Woman's  National  Farm  and 
Garden  Association,  Inc.,  414  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

Stolen  Thunder 
How  to  Secure  a  Rich  Soil  for  Flower  Growing. 

A  tract  or  plot  of  ground  should  be  selected  two  years  In  advance 
of  its  being  required  for  flowers.  Manure  heavily  in  the  fall  of  the  year, 
from  20  to  50  loads  per  acre,  according  to  the  manure,  previous  con- 

48 


dition  and  purpose  for  which  ground  is  to  be  used.  Plow  under  just 
before  freezing  weather  comes.  In  the  spring  sow  rye  and  vetch 
thickly,  broadcast  or  drilled,  three  to  four  bushels  per  acre.  This 
need  not  be  the  winter  vetch.  Spring  vetch  will  answer,  about  one 
pound  of  vetch  to  three  pounds  of  rye.  When  this  growth  attains  a 
height  of  eighteen  inches  to  two  feet  it  should  be  plowed  under.  Plow 
a  little  deeper  than  you  did  in  plowing  under  the  manure  the  fall  be- 
fore. This  will  bring  the  manure  and  a  thin  layer  of  sub-soil  to  the 
top  of  the  ground.  Keep  this  harrowed  until  late  fall  to  kill  any  weed 
seeds  which  sprout.  Then  apply  well-rotted  manure  at  the  rate  of  five 
to  ten  loads  per  acre,  and  the  following  spring  this  land  will  grow  most 
anything. 

It  is  assumed  that  the  land  is  in  fair  tilth  to  begin  with  and  that  it 
does  not  need  liming,  but  it  would  be  a  good  plan  in  applying  the  first 
coat  of  manure  to  use  about  fifty  pounds  to  one  hundred  pounds  of 
ground  Hmestone  to  the  load,  scattered  on  the  top  of  each  load  before 
being  spread  on  the  ground. 

When  planting  the  crop  the  next  spring  it  would  be  well  to  disc- 
harrow the  ground  rather  deeply,  four  to  six  inches.  Special  fertilizers 
like  bone  meal  or  mixed  commercial  fertilizers  could  be  apphed  to  suit 
the  crop  to  be  grown.   Small  quantities  only  need  be  used. 

True,  you  lose  one  year's  use  of  the  land,  but  the  results  are  easily 
worth  it.  Madison  Cooper. 

From  the  Flower  Garden. 

The  Sunbeam  Poppies 

Reference  was  recently  made  to  the  giant  form  of  Iceland  Poppy 
and  its  possible  value  as  a  cut  flower.  This  strain  of  hybrids  is  now 
known  as  the  Sunbeam  Poppies  and  an  exhibit  of  them  was  recently 
shown  in  London.  They  are  easily  raised  from  seed  and  are  extremely 
vigorous,  much  more  so  than  the  true  Iceland  Poppy.  The  raisers 
state  they  flower  well  in  pots  during  the  Winter  in  a  cool  house. — 
The  Florists  Exchange. 

Thalictrum  Dipterocarpum 

Of  the  Thalictrums  there  are  many,  not  a  few  of  them  of  native 
origin  and  for  the  most  part  fully  hardy.  Only  those  from  Southern 
points  are  at  all  tender.  Yet  one  may  go  far  and  never  see  a  plant 
either  in  the  garden  or  in  the  florist's  grounds.  In  our  peregrinations 
this  season,  we  have  seen  but  one  example  of  Thalictrum  family  and 
that  was  the  wild  dasycarpum  in  some  woodland.  Perhaps  the  most 
interesting  and  important  of  the  whole  family  is  the  Chinese  species 
dipterocarpum.  It  was  introduced  by  Veitch  in  1907,  and  its  appear- 
ance created  a  tremendous  amount  of  interest  in  Europe.    Totally 

49 


distinct  from  other  species,  it  sends  up  tall  spikes  of  purplish  flowers, 
utterly  unlike  the  ordinary  meadow  Rue.  While  not  always  easy  to 
establish,  it  presents  no  real  difficulties.  It  is  easily  raised  from  seed 
and  for  florists'  use  might  well  be  coupled  with  Gypsophila  paniculata. 
The  foUage  like  all  the  Thalictrums  is  fernlike,  which  has  earned  them 
the  name  of  hardy  maidenhair. 

We  note  that  a  pure  white  form  of  T.  dipterocarpum  has  recently 
received  an  award  of  merit  in  London.  This  novelty  was  exhibited 
by  the  noted  amateur  breeder  of  Monbretias,  the  modern  varieties  of 
which  almost  rival  the  Gladioli  for  size.  The  origin  of  the  white 
Thalictrum  dipterocarpum  is  not  stated  but  one  may  hazard  that  it  is 
a  chance  seedhng,  proof  again  that  those  who  raise  plants  from  seed 
and  have  eyes  to  see,  may  rely  upon  Nature  to  produce  things  that 
cross  fertilization  may  never  accomplish. — The  Florists  Exchange. 

Good  Hedge  Plants. 

In  New  England  there  are  several  evergreens  which  can  be  used 
to  advantage  in  making  hedges.  The  common  hemlock,  when  in  good 
condition,  makes  one  of  the  most  attractive  combination  screen  and 
wind  breaks  which  can  easily  be  found.  An  unusually  fine  example 
always  attracts  the  attention  of  visitors  to  the  Bayard  Thayer  estate 
of  Lancaster,  Mass.,  of  which  Mr.  William  Anderson  is  superintendent. 

On  the  same  estate  there  is  a  hedge  of  Taxus  cuspidata  which  is  a 
revelation  to  people  who  have  never  seen  this  splendid  plant  used  in 
that  way.  This  Yew  is  perfectly  hardy  and  keeps  its  shape  well  for 
many  years.  It  would  be  well  if  nurserymen  would  pay  more  attention 
to  Taxus  cuspidata,  for  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful  plants  that  has 
ever  been  introduced,  and  should  have  a  wide  sale  throughout  the 
country.  There  are  several  forms  at  present,  but  the  number  could 
be  increased  indefinitely  and  to  great  advantage.  Seedlings  are  sure 
to  show  wide  variation  and  among  them  would  be  forms  that  might 
be  employed  in  a  great  many  ways.  There  is  no  difficulty  in  raising 
seedlings,  although  the  seed  germinates  very  slowly.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
for  the  sake  of  the  country's  horticultural  interests  that  nurserymen 
will  give  increased  attention  to  Taxus  cuspidata. — Horticulture. 

Profiteer's  Wife:    "Have  all  flowers  got  Latin  names?" 

Florist:    "Yes,  madam. '^ 

Profiteer's  Wife:    "Even  the  common  ones?" 

Florist:    "Yes,  madam." 

Profiteer's  Wife:    "Isn't  nature  wonderful?" 


SO 


Membership  List  of 
The  Garden  Club  of  America 

Giving  Names  and  Addresses  of  Presidents  for  1919-1920 


Albermarle 

Mrs.  Harry  T.  Marshall,  University,  Va. 

Allegheny  County 

Mrs.    Henry    Rea,    Sewickley,    Pennsylvania 

Amateur  Gardeners  of  Baltimore 

Miss  Dora  L.  Murdoch,  24S  West  Biddle  Street, 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Bedford 

Mrs.  RoUin  Saltus,   Mount  Kisco,  New  York 

Chestnut  Hill 

Mr.  A.  Winsor  Weld,  27  State  St.,  Boston, 

Massachusetts 

Cincinnati 

Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft,  3320  Morrison  Avenue 

Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland 

Mrs.  John  E.  Newell,  West  Mentor,  Ohio 

Denver 

Mrs.  J.  F.  Welborn,  1065  Logan  St., 

Denver,  Colo. 

Easthampton 

Mrs.  William  A.  Lockwood,  780  Park  Avenue, 

N.  Y.,  and  Easthampton,  L.  I. 

Fauquier  &  Loudoun 

Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison,  Belvoir  House, 

Belvoir,  Va. 

Greenwich 

Mrs.  Franklin  Edson,  Greenwich,  Conn. 

Green  Spring  Valley. 

Mrs.   William   V.   Elder,    Glyndon,   Maryland 

Harford  County 

Mrs,  Bertram  Stump 

Emmorton  P.  O., 

Harford  County,  Maryland 

Hartford 

Mrs.  Robert  W.  Gray,  Weekapaug,  R.  I.,  and 

54  Huntington  Street,  Hartford.  Connecticut 

Illinois 

Mrs.  Horace  H.  Martin,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

James  River 

Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Wheelwright.  Buckhead 

Spring,  Chesterfield  Co.,  Virginia 

Lake  Geneva 

Mrs.  E.  A.  Potter,  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 

Lenox 

Miss  Heloise  Meyer,  Lenox,  Mass. . 

Litchfield 

Mrs.    S.    Edson    Gage,    3og    Sanfqrd    Avenue, 

Flushing,  L.  I.,  and  West  Morris,  Conn. 

Michigan 

Mrs.  John  Newberry,  Grosse  Pointe  Farms,Mich. 

Middletown 

Mrs.  Robert  H.  Fife,  Jr. 

2S7  High  St. 

Middletown,  Conn. 

MiLLBROOK 

Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thome,  Millbrook,_  N.  Y.,  and 

Santa  Barbara,  California 

The  Gardeners  of 

Montgomery  and  Delaware  Counties 

Mrs.  Horace  Bullock,  Ardmore,  Pennsylvania, 

MORRISTOWN 

Mrs.  Gustaf  E.  Kissel,  12  East  S3d  Street, 

New  York  and  Morristown,  New  Jersey 

New  Canaan 

Mrs.   Henry   W.    Chappell,    117   E.    64th    St., 

New  York  and  High  Ridge  Road, 

New  Canaan,  Conn. 


Newport  Garden  Association 

Miss  Wetmore,  630  Park  Avenue, 

New  York  City,  and  Newport,  R.  I. 

North  Country 

Mrs.   Beekman  Winthrop,  38  E.  37th  Street, 

New  York  City  and  Groton  Farm.Westbury,  L.I. 

North  Shore 

Mrs.  S.  V.  R.  Crosby,  95  Beacon  Street, 

Boston,  Mass.,  and  Manchester,  Mass. 

Orange  and  Dutchess  Counties 

Dr.   Edward  L.   Partridge,    19  Fifth  Avenue, 

New  York  and  Comwall-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Pasaden.\ 

Mr.  George  E.  Waldo,  585  San  Rafael  Ave., 

Pasadena,  Cal. 

Philadelphia 

Mrs.  Bayard  Henry 

Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Philipstown 

Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  45  East  S3d  Street, 

New  York  and  Garrison,  New  York 

Princeton 

Mrs.  George  A.  Armour,  Princeton,  New  Jersey 

Ridgefield 

Mrs.  George  Pratt  Ingersoll,  Ridgefield,  Conn., 

and  Stamford,  Conn. 

RUMSON 

Mrs.  George  G.  Ward,  Jr.,  71  W.  soth  Street 

New  York  and  Seabright,  New  Jersey 

Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton 

Mrs.  Ernest  H.   Dinning,  Riixton,   Baltimore 

Co.,  Md. 

Rye 

Mrs.  A.  William  Putnam,  Rye,  New  York 

Santa  Barbara 

Mrs.  Edwin  H.  Sawyer,  200  West  Victoria  St 

Santa  Barbara,  California 

Shaker  Lakes 

Mrs.  James  H.   Rogers,   1920  E.  93d  Street, 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Short  Hills 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

Somerset  Hills 

Mrs.  Francis  G.  Lloyd,  157  East  71st  Street, 

New  York  and  Bernardsville,  New  Jersey 

Southampton 

Mrs.  Harry  Pelham  Robbins,  19  East  Soth  St., 

New  York  and  Southampton,  L.  I. 

Summit 

Mr.  John  R.  Todd,  West  Riding,  Summit,  N.  J. 

Trenton 

Miss  Frances  M.  Dickinson.  479  W.  State  St., 

Trenton,  New  Jersey 

Twenty 

Mrs.  W.  Irving  Keyster,  Stevenson,  Maryland 

Ulster  County 
Mrs.   John   Washburn,   Saugerties,   New  York 

Warrenton 
Mrs.  Samuel  A.  Appleton,  Warrenton,  Virginia 

Washington,  Connecticut 

Mrs.    Arthur    Shipman,    1067    Asylum    Street, 

Hartford  and  Washington,  Connecticut 

Weeders 

Mrs.  Alfred  Stengel,  1728  Spruce  Street, 

Philadelphia  and  Newton  Square,  Pa. 

Wilmington 

Mrs.   W.   K.   Dupont,   Wilmington,   Delaware 


Important  Notice.  This  list  has  been  compiled  from  lists  received 
by  the  Secretary.  If  any  errors  in  names  or  addresses  occur,  kindly 
notify  the  Secretary  immediately  that  correction  may  be  made  both 
in  the  Club  file  and  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin. 

SI 


I. 


Correction  in  the  Annual  Report  Issue  of  the  Bulletin 

The  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  International  Relations  is 
Mrs.  Randal  Morgan,  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Mrs.  Morgan 
is  now  in  England  and  will  do  much  there  to  forward  the  work  of  her 
Committee. 


There  seems  to  be  an  impression  that  the  descriptions  of  North 
Shore  gardens  visited  during  the  Annuall  Meeting  were  all  written  by 
the  editor.  This  is  not  the  case.  The  entire  Editorial  Board  shared 
this  pleasant  duty  and  the  editor's  part  was  small.  Since  every  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  was  present  at  the  Meeting  each  one  is  represented  in 
An  Account  oj  the  Gardens  Visited  During  the  Annual  Meeting  of  igzo. 

At  the  Annual  Meeting  it  was  decided  to  increase  the  non-member 
subscription  to  $2.50  a  year.  Each  subscription  must' be  sponsored 
by  a  Garden  Club  member.  Blanks  will  be  sent  on  application  to  the 
Editor. 

A  few  copies  of  the  four  issues  of  the  New  Series  are  still  available 
at  50  cents  each. 

Please  Read        In  writing  to  the  Bulletin  please  give  your  full  name  and  address 
and  also  the  name  of  the  Member  Club  to  which  you  belong.    The 
Bulletin  file  is  arranged  by  Clubs  and  imless  information  is  given 
as  requested  confusion  will  arise. 
To  Club  Sec-        It  is  found  that  some  copies  of  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin  go 
RiTARiEs:  Im-  astray.  To  save  time  it  has  been  decided  to  send  to  each  Club  secre- 
portant  tary  three  extra  copies  to  be  given  to  any  members  of  their  Club  who 
fail  to  receive  their  copy.   Please  explain  this  to  your  Club  at  your 
next  meeting. 
To  Club        When  your  copy  of  the  Bulletin  does  not  reach  you  please  apply 
Members  to  the  Secretary  of  your  Club  who  wiU  have  extra  copies  for  replacing 
those  lost  in  the  mail. 


Board  of  Editors 


Chairman 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER, 

Lake  Forest,  III.,  and  1220  Lake 
Shore  Drive,  Chicago 
The  Gardener's  Miscellany 
MRS.  ROBERT  C.  HILL 

Easthampton,  L.  I.,  and  Q69 
Park  Ave.,  New  York 
Plant  Material 
MRS.  CHARLES  W.  HUBBARD 
Winnetka,  III. 
News  and  Views 

MRS.  T.  H.  B.  Mcknight 

44  Thorne  St., 
Sewickley,  Pa. 


Secretary  (Ex-officio) 
MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT 

Glen  Cove,  L.  L,  and  820  Fifth 
Ave.,  New  York 
Garden  Literature 
MRS.  WILLIAM  K.  WALLBRIDGE 
Short  Hills,  N.  J.,  and  33  w. 
Sist,  New  York 
Garden  Pests  and  Remedies 
MRS.  BENJAMIN  WARREN 

Grosse  Pointe  Shores,  Mich. 
Special  Plant  Societies 
MRS.  JOHN  A.  STEWART,  JR. 
Short  Hills,  N.  J. 


52 


Bulletin  of 

Ztbe  (3ar6en  Club 

of  Hmerica 


December,  1920  No.  VII  (New  Series) 

President  ist  Vice-President 

MRS.  S.  V.  R.  CROSBY  MRS.  SAMUEL  SLOAN 

OS  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  and  4S  E.  S3D  Steeet,  New  York,  and 

Manchester,  Mass.  Garrison,  New  York 

Treasurer  2nd  Vice-President 

MRS.  HUGH  D.  AUCHINCLOSS  MRS.  JOHN  A.  STEWART,  Jr. 

33  E.  67TH  Street,  New  York,  and  Short  Hills,  New  Jersey 

Newport,  R.  I.  ^rd  Vice-President 

Secretary  MRS.  SAMUEL  H.  TAFT 

MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT  3329  Morrison  Avenue, 

820  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York,  and  Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  ^ih  Vice-President 

Librarian  '     MRS.  FRANCIS  B.  CROWINSHIELD 

MRS.  FREDERICK  L.  RHODES  164  Marlboro  St.,  Boston,  Mass., 

Short  Hills,  New  Jersey  and  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Editor 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER  . 
1220  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  and  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 


The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be:  to  stimulate  the  knowledge  and  love  of  gardening  among 
amateurs;  to  share  the  advantages  of  association,  through  conference  and  correspondence  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  to  aid  in  the  protection  of  native  plants  and  birds;  and  to  encourage  civic  planting. 


To  Meadows 

Ye  have  been  fresh  and  green, 
Ye  have  been  fill'd  with  flowers, 
And  ye  the  walks  have  been 
Where  maids  have  spent  their  hours. 

You  have  beheld  how  they 
With  wicker  arks  did  come 
To  kiss  and  bear  away 
The  richer  cowslips  home. 

You've  heard  them  sweetly  sing, 
And  seen  them  in  a  round: 
Each  virgin  like  a  spring, 
With  honeysuckles  crown'd. 

But  now  we  see  none  here 
Whose  silvery  feet  did  tread 
And  with  dishevell'd  hair 
Adorn'd  this  smoother  mead. 

Like  unthrifts,  having  spent 
Your  stock  and  needy  grown, 
You're  left  here  to  lament 
Your  poor  estates,  alone. 

Herrick. 


Garden  Club  of  America 
Meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents 

A  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt,  820 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City,  on  October  7th,  at  10:30  a.  m.  Those 
present  were: 

Albemarle President  Newport President 

Allegheny President  North  Country President 

Amateur Alternate  North  Shore Alternate 

Bedford Alternate  Orange  and  Dutchess Alternate 

Cincinnati President  Philadelphia Alternate 

East  Hampton President  Philipstowt.- President 

Fauquier  and.  Loudoun Alternate  Princeton President 

Greenwich President  Ridgefield '.  .President 

Hardy  Garden  Club President  Rumson Alternate 

Illinois Alternate  Rye  President 

James  River President  Shaker  Lakes President 

Lenox President  Short  Hills President 

Litchfield President  South  Hampton President 

Michigan President  Summit President 

MiLLBRooK President  Ulster Alternate 

Montgomery  ANoBELWVAJREPresident  Warrenton Alternate 

Morristown President  Washington Alternate 

New  Canaan President  Wilmington Alternate 

Not  Represented: 
Chestnut  Hill  Harford  County  Middletown  Trenton 

Cleveland  Hartford  Pasadena  Twenty 

Denver  Lake  Geneva  Santa  Barbara  Weeders 

Green  Spring  Valley  Somerset  Hills 

At  the  proposal  of  Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thome,  of  the  Millbrook  Garden 
Club,  duly  seconded,  it  was 

Voted:  To  omit  the  reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  of 
the  Council  of  Presidents  inasmuch  as  they  had  been  published  in 
the  July  Bulletin. 

The  Treasurer  when  asked  for  her  report  begged  to  be  excused  from  " 
giving  a  formal  report,  but  gave  an  informal  outline  of  the  funds  on 
hand. 

.      ^  l-ix.-wcE         The  question  of  finances  was  then  discussed.    The  President  stated 
■    Committee  that  there  was  a  strong  feehng  against  allovnng  a  few  generous  persons 
to  bear  the  financial  burden  of  the  organization.     After  discussion  it 
was 

Voted:  To  recommend  *jat  the  Board  of  Directors  be  asked  to 
create  a  Finance  Committee  which  would  present  a  budget  for  the 
consideration  of  the  Directors. 


At  the  proposal  of  Mrs.  J.  Willis  Martin,  seconded  by  Mrs.  William 
Mercer,  it  was 

Voted:  To  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Directors  that  extra 
copies  of  the  Bulletin  be  sent  to  the  President,  Secretary,  and 
Recorder  for  Club  files  and  other  official  purposes;  that  each  member 
of  the  Editorial  Board  receive  extra  copies  for  use  in  collecting 
material,  etc.;  that  the  Secretary  of  each  Member  Club  receive  extra 
copies  for  distribution  to  members  whose  copies  have  been  lost  in  the 
mail;  that  all  contributors  receive  extra  copies  of  the  issue  in  which 
their  contributions  appear;  that  the  Editor  and  Board  are  not 
authorized  to  distribute  any  other  copies  unless  a  payment  of  50  cents 
a  copy  is  made  by  the  members  desiring  the  extra  copies. 

The  question  of  whether  it  is  necessary  to  belong  to  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  if  one  belongs  to  a  Member  Club  was  discussed. 
It  had  been  understood,  before  the  adoption  of  the  present  constitution, 
that  membership  in  a  Member  Club  made  necessary  membership  in 
the  Garden  Club  of  America.  There  have  been  many  questions 
from  the  Member  Clubs  upon  this  point.  The  Presidents  agreed  that 
membership  in  the  local  organization  should  include  membership  in 
the  national  organization. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Emily  D.  Renwick  Medal  Committee  pre- 
sented to  the  Council  of  Presidents  the  following  resolution  which  had 
been  passed  by  her  Committee: 

1.  The  medal  presented  by  the  Short  Hills  Garden  Club  to  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  shall  be  awarded  each  year  to  the 
member  attaining  the  greatest  achievement  in  gardening,  or  in  a  line 
pertaining  to  gardening. 

2.  A  Committee  shall  be  formed  to  consist  of  the  President  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America,  one  member  of  the  Short  Hills  Garden 
Club,  and  as  many  others  as  shall  be  necessary. 

J.  The  Committee  year  shall  be  from  January  ist  to  January 
ist,  the  award  to  be  made  at  the  succeeding  Annual  Meeting. 

4.  The  Member  Clubs  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  shall 
submit  to  the  Committee  before  January  ist  of  each  year  the  names  of 
candidates  and  their  qualifications  for  the  honor. 

5.  It  is  earnestly  hoped  that  each  Member  Club  will  give  this 
subject  ca  eful  consideration,  and  do  all  in  its  power  to  encourage 
competition  for  the  Medal. 

The  question  of  encroachment  upon  the  National  Parks  was  then 
discussed.  It  was  decided  to  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Directors  that 
a  circular,  which  was  read  by  the  President,  issued  by  the  American 
Civic  Association  and  accompanied  by  a  letter,  should  be  mailed  by  the 
Secretary  to  each  member  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.   The 

3 


Extra  Copies 
of  the 
Bulletin         ' 


Individual 
Membership 


Emily  D. 
Renwick 
Medal 
Committee 


Encroach- 
ment upon 
National 
Parks 


question  of  financing  this  circularization  was  discussed.  Those  present 
volunteered  to  subscribe  individually  sufficient  funds  to  cover  the  cost. 

Policy  The  President  announced  that  many  appeals  were  made  to  the 
Committee  Garden  Club  of  America  for  co-operation  in  various  projects,  that 
in  a  recent  conference  between  her  and  the  Secretary,  the  Secretary 
had  proposed  that  a  Policy  Committee  be  appointed  to  consider  what 
subjects  came  within  the  scope  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 
The  Council  of  Presidents  was  asked  to  give  consideration  to  this 
subject. 

Voted:    To  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Directors  that  such  a 
Committee  be  appointed. 

Annual  In  connection  with  the  discussion  of  the  next  Annual  Meeting,  Mrs. 
Meeting  and  Harry  T.  Marshall,  President  of  the  Albermarle  Garden  Club  which 
Excursion  issued  the  invitation  to  the  Garden  Club  of  America  for  the  Annual 
Meeting  of  192 1,  spoke  of  the  difficulty  of  housing  a  large  number  of 
delegates  and  non-delegates  in  Charlottesville,  Mrs,  Thomas  S, 
Wheelwright,  President  of  the  James  River  Garden  Club,  expressed  the 
wish  of  all  the  Virginia  Garden  Clubs  to  join  in  this  invitation  to  the 
Garden  Club  of  America,  The  condition  of  the  roads  in  Virginia 
was  then  discussed,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  autumn  would  be  the 
most  practical  time  for  this  visit.  The  question  of  separating  the 
Annual  Business  Meeting  from  the  Annual  Excursion  was  then  dis-  > 
cussed.  It  was  decided  to  recommend  to  the  Directors  that  for  one 
year's  trial  the  Annual  Business  Meeting  be  held  in  New  York  during 
the  spring.  This  would  leave  the  question  of  the  Annual  Excursion  to 
be  decided  independently,  Mrs,  Harry  T.  Marshall  was  appointed  by 
the  Chair  Chairman  of  a  Committee  of  the  Virginia  Clubs  to  present 
definite  details  upon  the  proposed  visit  to  the  Directors  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America,  leaving  it  to  the  Virginia  Committee  and  the 
Directors  to  decide  whether  it  would  be  possible  to  make  this  most 
interesting  visit  as  its  Annual  Excursion. 

Mrs,  J,  Willis  Martin,  Honorary  Vice-President,  and  the  Secretary 
stated  that  in  their  judgment,  inasmuch  as  the  Business  Meeting  was 
to  be  separated  from  the  Annual  Excursion,  there  should  be  no  dis- 
tinction in  the  program  of  the  officers  of  the  local  clubs  and  of  the 
national  organization  and  the  general  membership.  The  question 
of  Hmiting  the  number  of  delegates  from  each  Club  was  discussed  and 
it  was  recommended  that  the  Directors  draw  up  a  plan  when  it  was 
announced  how  many  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
could  be  accommodated  in  the  Annual  Excursion. 

Miss  Edith  Wetmore,  of  the  Garden  Association  in  Newport, 
extended  an  invitation  to  the  Garden  Club  of  America  for  the 
Annual  Excursion  of  1922, 

4 


The  Secretary  announced  that  directly  after  the  Annual  Meeting  in 
July  a  formal  invitation  was  received  from  the  Garden  Club  of  Cleve- 
land for  the  Annual  Meeting  of  1 92 1 .  The  Secretary  acknowledged  the 
invitation  and  stated  that  an  invitation  was  already  under  considera- 
tion from  the  Albemarle  Garden  Club  for  the  Annual  Meeting  of 
192 1.  Whereupon  the  Garden  Club  of  Cleveland  renewed  its  invitation 
for  1922.  In  September,  when  the  difficulties  of  the  visit  to  Virginia 
seemed  very  great,  the  Secretary  again  wrote  to  the  Garden  Club  of 
Cleveland  asking  whether  it  would  be  possible  to  renew  its  invitation 
for  192 1,  but  was  answered  that  many  of  its  members  had  planned  to 
go  abroad  next  summer  and  that  the  Club  repeated  its  invitation  to 
the  Garden  Club  of  America  for  1922. 

In  speaking  of  "Quarantine  37"  the  President  announced  that  a  Quarantine 
committee  had  been  appointed,  with  Mr.  AKred  Burrage  as  Secretary  37 
and  Mr.  Theodore  Havemeyer  as  Treasurer,  to  consider  this  question, 
under  the  name  of  the  Anti-Embargo  Act  Committee.  The  G.\rden 
Club  of  America,  the  President  announced,  had  been  asked  to  appoint 
a  member  to  serve  on  this  Committee.  It  is  probable  that  the  Horti- 
cultural Societies  of  New  York,  Massachusetts,  and  Pennsylvania  will 
each  raise  $2,000  toward  financing  the  work  of  this  Committee;  and 
the  President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  announced  that 
personal  subscriptions  toward  this  work  were  now  in  order. 

The  Secretary  then  announced  that  from  copies  of  correspondence  National 
received  by  Mrs.  Arthur  Curtis  James,  of  the  Garden  Association  Botanical 
in  Newport,  from  Mr.  David  Fairchild,  of  Washington,  it  had  been  Garden 
made  known  to  the  Garden  Club  of  America  that  there  was  a 
project  of  estabhshing  a  National  Botanical  Garden  in  Washington. 
Mrs.  James  made  the  suggestion  that  this  be  considered  by  the 
Garden  Club  of  America.   It  was 

Voted:  To  recommend  that  this  matter  he  referred  to  the  Policy 
Committee. 

Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster,  editor  of  the  Bulletin,  reported  that  Publication 
owing  to  the  bulk  of  the  July  issue  of  the  Bulletin,  due  to  the  in-  of  the 
elusion  of  the  reports  of  the  Annual  Meeting  at  Manchester,  it  was  Annual  Re- 
decided  inadvisable  to  publish  the  annual  reports  of  the  Member  ports  in  the 
Clubs  for  1919-1920  in  that  number,  and  it  was  suggested  to  pubhsh  Bulletin 
the  reports  annually  hereafter  in  the  December  issue.  This  suggestion 
brought  out  the  fact  that  the  work  of  the  summer  months  of  1920 
would  then  be  uncommented  upon.    The  Secretary  was  asked  to 
return  reports  to  the  respective  Presidents  with  the  statement  that 
each  would  be  allowed  an  extra  one  hundred  words  in  which  to  cover 
the  reports  of  the  summer's  work,  if  she  chose  to  revise  her  report. 
It  was 


Voted:  To  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Directors  that  the 
December  issue  of  the  Bulletin  hereafter  be  devoted  to  reports  and 
information  concerning  the  Member  Clubs.  '\ 

It  was  asked  that  the  President  refer  to  the  Pohcy  Committee  the 
following  questions  for  decision: 

Must  all  members  of  a  family  belonging  to  a  local  club  necessarily 
belong  to  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  thus  necessitating  the 
issuing  of  more  than  one  Bulletin  to  the  members  of  the  same 
family.  ■ 

To  decide  the  questions  of  the  giving  out  of  information  concern^ 
ing  the  Member  Clubs  for  publication  in  magazines  such  as  the 
^'House  and  Garden." 

Visiting  In  reporting  upon  the  work  of  the  Visiting  Garden  Committee, 
Garden  Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne,  the  Chairman,  announced  that  the  work  had 
(  'ommittee  been  practically  arranged  with  the  exception  of  the  question  of  decid- 
ing how  many  persons,  other  than  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America,  could  accompany  a  member  when  visiting  gardens.  This 
question  was  referred  for  discussion  to  the  General  Meeting  on  October 
8th. 

On  motion  the  meeting  adjourned. 

Meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors 

A  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt,  820 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City,  on  October  7th,  at  two  o'clock. 
Present:     Mrs.    S.    V.    R.    Crosby,    President; 
Mrs.    Hugh    D.    Auchincloss,    Treasurer;    Mrs. 
Samuel  Sloan,  ist  Vice-President;  Mrs.  John  A. 
Stewart,  Jr.,  2d  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Samuel  H. 
Taft,  3rd  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crownin- 
shield,  4th  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster, 
Editor  of  the  Bulletin;  Members  of  the  Board  of 
Directors:    Mrs.  Robert  C.  Hill,  Mrs.  Oakleigh 
Thorne,  Mrs.  J.  Willis  Martin,  Miss  Delia  West 
Marble,  Mrs,  Henry  Rea,  Mrs.  Francis  C.  Farwell, 
Mrs.  Horatio  Whitbridge  Turner,  Mrs.  William 
«  Pierson  Hamilton,  Mrs.  WiUiam  Mercer. 

At  this  meeting  the  various  questions  raised  at  the  morning  meet- 
ing of  the  Council  of  Presidents  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
were  brought  up  for  further  consideration. 

Upon  motion  duly  made  and  seconded  it  was 

Voted:  To  omit  the  reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  last  meeting. 


Upon  motion  duly  made  and  seconded  it  was 
Voted:   To  omit  the  Treasurer's  report. 

The  President  asked  for  action  upon  letters  of  resignation  from  the  Resignations 
Board  of  Directors,  written  to  the  Secretary  by  Mrs.  Horatio  Gates 
Lloyd  and  Mrs.  Allan  Marquand.  Upon  motion  duly  made  and 
seconded  Mrs,  Horatio  Whitbridge  Turner,  of  Roland  Park,  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  and  Mrs.  WiUiam  R.  Mercer,  of  Doylestown,  Pennsylvania, 
were  elected  to  fill  these  vacancies. 

The  question  of  finances  was  brought  up  and  upon  motion  duly  Finance 
made  and  seconded  it  was  Committee 

Voted:  That  a  Finance  Committee  should  be  created  to  consider 
ways  and  means  of  establishing  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
upon  a  solvent  basis. 

Mrs.  Henry  Rea,  of  Sewickley,  Pennsylvania,  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  President  as  Chairman. 

In  estimating  the  cost  of  the  Bulletin,  the  Editor,  Mrs.  Walter  S.  Expense  of 
Brewster,  announced  that  in  addition  to  secretarial  expense  and  cost  of  Bulletin 
extra  copies  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin  averages  at  $700.  The  Editor 
estimated  that  the  annual  cost  of  the  Bulletin  to  the  organization 
would  be  approximately  $4,500  for  six  issues  without  advertising, 
according  to  the  present  plan. 

Voted:  To  refer  the  cost  of  the  publication  of  the  Bulletin 
to  the  Finance  Committee  for  consideration. 

Upon  motion  made  by  Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  duly  seconded,  it  was  National 
Voted:  To  employ  a  secretary,  who  would  have  desk  room  and  Office 
necessary  equipment,  for  a  period  of  three  months  as  a  means  of 
estimating  the  yearly  budget  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

The  question  of  the  Policy  Committee  was  discussed  and  upon  Policy 
motion  duly  seconded  it  was  Committee 

Voted:  That  the  Chair  create  a  Policy  Committee  among  whose 
duties  should  be,  determining  what  subjects  come  within  the  scope  of 
the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Mrs.  William  Mercer,   Doylestown,   Pa.,  accepted  the   Chair- 
manship of  this  Committee. 

Acting  on  the  suggestion  made  at  the  morning  meeting,  upon  Annual 
motion  duly  made  and  seconded,  it  was  Meeting 

Voted:  To  hold  the  Annual  Business  Meeting  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  in  New  York  in  the  spring  of  ig2i  separately 
from  the  Annual  Excursion  as  a  trial  for  one  year;  to  await  the 
decision  of  the  conference  between  the  Committee  of  the  Virginia 
Clubs,  of  which  Mrs.  Harry  T.  Marshall  of  the  Albemarle  Garden 


Club  is  Chairman,  and  the  Board  of  Directors  in  regard  to  the  ac- 
ceptance of  the  invitation  of  the  Albemarle  Garden  Club  to  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  for  the  Annual  Excursion  of  iq2i. 

Embargo  Act  The  Embargo  Act  was  brought  up  for  discussion.  The  President 
announced  that  a  Committee  had  been  formed  under  the  name  of  the 
Anti-Embargo  Act  Committee,  of  which  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
was  asked  to  appoint  a  member.  Upon  motion  duly  made  and  second- 
ed, it  was 

Voted:  That  the  Garden  Club  of  America  should  co-operate 
with  this  Committee. 

The  President  announced  that  Mrs.  Percy  Turnure,  of  Katonah, 
New  York,  had  accepted  membership  on  this  Committee  to  represent 
the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

National        On  recommendation  of  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents  it 
Botanical  was 

Garden  Voted:  That  the  matter  of  the  project  of  establishing  a  National 

Botanical  Garden  in  Washington,  brought  to  the  attention  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  through  the  courtesy  of  Mrs.  Arthur 
Curtis  James,  be  referred  to  the  Policy  Committee  for  consideration. 

Publication         On  recommendation  of  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Presidents, 
OF  Annual  upon  motion  duly  made  and  seconded  it  was 


Reports  in 
Bulletin 


Voted:  That  the  December  issue  of  the  Bulletin  hereafter  be 
devoted  to  reports  and  information  concerning  the  Member  Clubs, 
and  that  the  reports  already  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  be 
returned  to  the  respective  Presidents  ivith  the  request  that,  if  they  so 
desire,  the  reports  be  revised  to  include  the  work  of  the  summer  of 
1920,  the  length  of  the  report  to  be  limited  to  j2j  words. 

Honorary         Upon  motion  duly  made  and  seconded  it  was 

Members 

Voted:    That  an  invitation  be  extended  to  Professor  Charles 

S Prague  Sargent,  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  of  Harvard  University,  to 
become  an  Honorary  Member  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Members-  After  discussion  it  was  agreed  that,  according  to  the  by-laws, 
at-Large  Members-at-Large  are  those  who  for  geographical  reasons  may  not 
belong  to  a  Member  Club  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  and  that 
this  statement  should  be  interpreted  to  read  that  only  those  over 
twenty-one  years  of  age  should  be  eligible.  The  following  members, 
having  been  duly  applied  for  and  endorsed  by  members  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America,  were  admitted  to  membership  as  Members-at- 
Large: 

8 


Crocker,  Mrs.  George  U.,  Nauman,  Mrs.  John  A., 

37S  Marlborough  Street,  Kinzer,  Lancaster  County, 

Boston,  Mass.                                    \  Pennsylvania 

Culver,  Mrs.  Frederick,  Sealy,  Mrs.  Geokoe, 

Hadlyme,  Connecticut  Galveston,  Texas 

Draper,  Mrs.  George,  Steele,  Mr.  Fletcher, 

164  East  63rd  Street,  7  Water  Street, 

New  York  City  Boston,  Mass. 

ExLEY,  Miss  Emily,  Thayer,  Mrs.  Bayard, 

1823  Walnut  Street,  Lancaster,  Mass. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  Thayer,  Mrs.  John  E., 

Hertle,  Mrs.  Louis,  Lancaster,  Mass. 

Gunston  Hall  on  Potomac,  Thayer,  Mrs.  Nathaniel, 

Lorton  P.  0.,  Va.  Lancaster,  Mass. 
Leslie,  Mrs.  George  N.,  Jr., 
Seabrigkt,  New  Jersey 

The  President  then  outlined  the  work  and  aim  of  the  International  Internation- 
Institute  of  Agriculture,  at  Rome,  Italy,  and  stated  that  there  had  al  Institute 
been  no  American  representative  since  the  late  Mr.  David  Lubin.  of  Agri- 
A  proposal  was  made  to  request  the  Senate  to  appropriate  a  sufl&cient  cultuee 
sum  to  secure  an  able  man  for  this  position.  The  matter  was  referred 
to  the  Committee  on  Legislation,  which  will  communicate  with  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  at  Washington. 

It  was  announced  that  Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart  had  resigned  as   Committee 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Special  Plant  Societies,  owing  to  the  for  Special 
pressure  of  her  duties  as  Acting  President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Plant 
America.  Mrs.  Walter  S.  Brewster  suggested  that  representatives  Societies 
from  the  Rose,  Dahha,  Peony  and  other  societies  be  placed  on  this 
Committee  to  obtain  information  on  Flower  Shows  and  allied  sub- 
jects. On  motion  duly  made  and  seconded  it  was 

Voted:    That  the  Bulletin  Committee  form  the  Committee  for 
Special  Plant  Societies. 

In  connection  with  this  issue,  the  question  was  raised  as  to  the 
legaHty  of  admitting  outsiders  to  membership  on  sub-committees.  It 
was  agreed  that  such  a  measure  would  be  constitutional. 

In  connection  with  an  account  of  the  meeting  called  at  the  State  Anti-Bill- 
House  in  Boston  in  relation  to  the  bill  recently  introduced  in  the  board 
Massachusetts  Legislature  concerning  the  restriction  of  the  billboard  Campaign 
nuisance,  it  was  reported  that  among  those  present  were  members  of 
the  North  Shore  Garden  Club  and  Mr.  Fletcher  Steele,  a  Member-at- 
Large  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

On  motion  the  meeting  adjourned. 


General  Meeting  at  the  Cosmopolitan  Club 

A  general  meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  was  held  at 
the  Cosmopolitan  Club,  October  8,  1920,  at  10:30  a.  m.  The  Clubs 
represented  were: 

Albemarle  Morristown 

Allegheny  New  Canaan 

Amateur  Newport 

Bedford  North  Country 

Cincinnati  North  Shore 

Denver  Orange  and  Dutchess 
East  Hampton  Counties 

Fauquier  &  Loudoun  Philadelphia 

Greenwich  Philipstown 

Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton  Princeton 

Illinois  Rumson 

James  River  Rye 

Lake  Geneva  Shaker  Lakes 

Lenox  Short  Hills 

Litchfield  Summit 

Michigan  Trenton 

MiLLBRooK  Ulster  County 

Montgomery  &  Delaware  Warrenton 

COUNTLES  WlLMDlGTON 

Clubs  Not  Represented: 

Chestnut  Hlll  Ridgefield 

Cleveland  Santa  Barbara 

Green  Spring  Valley  Somerset  Hills 

Harford  County  Southampton 

Hartford  Garden  Club  of  Twenty 

middletown  washington 
Pasadena 

After  a  brief  address  of  welcome  by  the  President  the  business  of  the 
meeting  was  taken  up. 

Upon  motion  duly  made  and  seconded  it  was 

Voted:   That  the  reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  be 
omitted. 

Upon  motion  duly  made  and  seconded  it  was 

Voted:   That  the  Treasurer's  report  be  omitted. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Sloan,  Chairman  of  the  Slides  Committee,  read  the 
Report  of  following  report — 

Slides        The  Committee  on  Slides  wishes  to  report  that  226  slides  have  been 
Committee  received,  four  of  which  have  been  withdravm.   Since  the  Ust  of  slides 
was  sent  to  each  Club,  slides  have  been  received  from: 
East  Hampton  Garden  Club — 8  slides  of  Mrs.  Hill's  garden. 
Litchfield  Club — 3  slides  of  Mrs.  Gage's  garden. 
Newport  Association — 12    slides    of    Mrs.    Auchincloss'   garden. 


Somerset  Hills  Club — 25  sKdes  of  views  of  the  gardens  of  Mrs. 
Lloyd,  Mrs.  LeRoy,  Mrs.  Wheeler,  Miss  Stursberg,  Mrs.  Hutche- 
son,  and  Miss  Richardson. 

The  Chairman  reported  the  Committee  found  it  very  difl&cult  to 
make  a  choice  of  only  twenty-five  sHdes  for  exhibition  at  the  meeting, 
and  had  taken  two  from  the  set  sent  by  each  Club.  There  are  many 
beautiful  slides  in  the  collection  which  has  been  received,  but  the  Com- 
mittee has  tried  to  vary  the  sHdes  to  be  used  this  afternoon  as  much  as 
possible.  Much  of  the  interest  of  the  slides  is  lost  when  neither  name 
nor  description  accompanies  the  sHdes.  It  is  felt  that  greater  care 
could  be  used  when  a  Club  sends  a  film  or  photograph  to  a  shde  maker, 
in  describing  the  flowers  and  color  of  flowers.  Again,  it  is  asked  that 
each  slide  be  marked  with  name  of  Club  and  as  much  information  as 
possible,  thereby  making  the  collection  more  interesting. 

The  following  report  was  read  by  Mrs.  Thorne,  Chairman  of  the  Visiting 
Visiting  Gardens  Committee:  Gardens 

Out  of  a  total  of  forty-nine  Clubs  to  date  twenty-eight  clubs  Committee 
have  hsted  two  hundred  and  thirty-six  gardens.    Six  Clubs  have  pro- 
mised to  send  cards  later.    Fifteen  Clubs  are  yet  to  be  heard  from. 

This  Committee  will  send  a  booklet  to  the  Presidents  for  distribu- 
tion during  the  early  spring,  so  that  the  earliest  as  well  as  the  latest 
gardens  may  be  visited  this  coming  year. 

It  is  proposed  to  incorporate  the  Visitor's  Card  in  the  booklet,  and 
aU  copies  must  be  countersigned  by  the  members'  own  Presidents.  It 
is  highly  important  that  these  booklets  be  personal  and  strictly  limited 
to  our  own  membership. 

As  practically  no  two  gardens  are  open  under  the  same  conditions 
as  laid  down  by  the  various  owners,  it  is  manifestly  unwise  to  issue  to 
our  members  Visitors'  Cards  which  naturally  cannot  make  known  to 
visitors  the  wishes  of  the  owners.  Therefore,  the  booklet  becomes  of 
the  greatest  importance  and  it  will  state  very  clearly  all  conditions 
desired  by  the  owners.  It  wiU  also  contain  a  foreword  urging  members 
to  read  carefully  and  to  observe  conscientiously  all  these  requests. 
Failvure  in  this  observance  will  doubtless  cause  owners  to  close  their 
gardens  to  our  members  and  cost  the  careless  visitor  her  privilege  of 
visit. 

Our  Committee  feels  that  the  response  of  members  has  been  most 
cordial.  Many  members  write  that  their  gardens  are  informal  and  not 
in  any  way  noteworthy.  Will  these  members  please  consider  that  a 
visitor  may  often  be  more  interested  in  and  pleased  by  a  simple  and 
intelligently  planned  small  garden  which  may  lie  within  her  own 
possibiHties  than  by  an  elaborate  and  extensive  garden  quite  outside 
her  limitations?  We  wish  very  much  to  list  small  gardens  of  individual- 
ity as  well  as  those  of  important  space  and  beauty. 


Mrs.  Thome  asked  that  the  number  of  persons  be  decided  upon, 
other  than  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  who  could 
accompany  a  member  when  visiting  gardens.  Upon  motion  duly  made 
and  seconded  it  was 

Voted:    That  a  member  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America, 

after  having  received  her  card  of  credentials,  should  he  allowed  to 

invite  one  guest  to  visit  with  her  a  garden  authorized  for  visit,  with  the 

privilege  of  asking  permission  to  include  others,  according  to  her 

discretion. 

The  discu'^sion  brought  out  the  fact  that  the  privilege  of  visiting 

gardens  would  be  much  enjoyed  and  it  was  hoped  that  the  members  of 

the  Garden  Club  of  America  would  use  this  privilege  with  discretion. 

Menace  to         A  notice  was  read  from  Mr.  J.  Horace  McFarland,  President  of 

National  the  American  Civic  Association,  outlining  the  disastrous  results  to  our 

P.\RKS  National  Parks  if  the  water  power  were  sold  to  private  companies. 

The  President  announced  that  at  the  meeting  of  the  Council  of 

Presidents,  on  the  7th,  it  was  recommended  to  send  this  leaflet  to  all 

members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  accompanied  by  a  request 

from  the  Secretary,  urging  them,  if  they  approve,  to  write  personally  to 

their  Congressman  to  prevent  this  despoliation,  mentioning  the  name 

and  number  of  the  bill. 

Embargo  Act         The  President  then  announced  that  Mrs.  Percy  Turnure,  of  the 

Bedford  Club,  had  been  appointed  as  representative  of  the  Garden 

Club  of  America  to  serve  on  the  Committee  to  consider  "  Quarantine 

37,"  now  named  the  Anti-Embargo  Act  Committee.    The  President 

stated  that  she  favored  forming  a  small  committee  within  the  Garden 

Club  of  America  to  consider  this  subject,  and  urged  contributions 

toward  the  work  now  under  way.    Mrs.  Auchincloss,  the  Treasurer, 

agreed  to  receive  all  contributions  which  should  not  exceed  one 

hundred  dollars.   Contributions  from  $1 .00  up  are  welcome. 

Billboard         Dr.  Edward  L.  Partridge,  Chairman  of  this  Committee,  reported  on 

Menace   the  progress  which  had  been  made  toward  eliminating  this  menace. 

The  resolution,  passed  by  the  National  Association  of  Gardeners,  at 

the  convention  in  St.  Louis,  September  17th,  was  read.   Mrs.  Samuel 

Sloan  said  she  had  the  resolution,  which  had  been  sent  her  by  Mr. 

Eb'el,  Secretary  of  the  Association,  as  follows : 

Whereas,  It  has  become  quite  evident  that  if  signboard  interests 
are  permitted  to  continue  unmolested,  they  will  soon  succeed  in  the 
despoliation  of  the  natural  scenery  along  our  highways; 

Therefore,  be  it  resolved,  That  the  National  Association  of 
Gardeners  take  the  initiative  to  institute  a  countrywide  propaganda 
to  arouse  an  indignant  public  sentiment  against  the  signboard 
interests,  and  certain  national  advertisers  who  are,  with  unsightly 
boards,  defacing  the  landscape  vieivs  along  our  highways,   and 

12 


Be  it  further  resolved,  That  the  National  Association  of  Garden- 
ers invite  all  other  organizations  interested  in  having  the  natural 
scenery  along  the  country^ s  highways  protected  and  conserved  co- 
operate with  it  in  suppressing  the  signboard  vandalism. 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  2nd  Vice-President  of  the  Garden  Club 
OF  America,  asked  permission  to  read  a  resolution  which  she  requested 
the  Garden  Club  op  America  to  pass  in  connection  with  the  above 
resolution,  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  the  Garden  Club  or  America  is  entirely  in 
accord  with  the  sentiment  expressed  by  the  National  Association  of 
Gardeners; 

And  be  it  Further  Resolved,  That  it  is  the  intention  of  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  to  co-operate  as  far  as  possible  with  the 
National  Association  of  Gardeners  and  such  other  organizations  as 
may  interest  themselves  in  an  effort  to  eliminate  the  signboard 
nuisance  which  threatens  the  natural  beauty  of  the  country. 

On  suggestion  of  Mrs.  Crowninshield,  the  motion  was  duly  made 
and  seconded,  and  it  was 

Voted:   To  accept  these  resolutions. 

The  President  stated  that  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Billboards  would  decide  what  societies  should  receive  letters  from  the 
Garden  Club  of  America  in  regard  to  the  Anti-Billboard  Campaign. 

In  connection  with  an  account  of  the  meeting  called  at  the  State 
House  in  Boston,  in  relation  to  the  bill  recently  introduced  in  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature  concerning  the  restriction  of  the  Billboard 
Nuisance,  it  was  reported  that  among  those  present  were  members  of 
the  North  Shore  Garden  Club  and  Mr.  Fletcher  Steele,  a  Member-at- 
Large  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  and  also  Mr.  Robert  Homans, 
whom  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club  has  retained  as  counsel  in  the 
matter.  The  bill  was  referred  to  a  committee,  a  sub-committee  of  the 
Committee  on  Roads,  which  announced  it  would  give  further  hearings 
on  October  20th,  as  it  considered  this  matter  so  important  it  wished 
both  sides  to  have  the  fullest  opportunity  to  state  their  views. 

Miss  DeHa  W.  Marble,  of  the  Bedford  Garden  Club,  Chairman  of  Committee 

the  Committee  on  Historic  Gardens,  stated  that  any  information  from  on  Historic 

members  in  regard  to  gardens  in  their  neighborhood  would  be  very  Gardens 
helpful  and  acceptable. 

The  President  announced  that  the  Garden  Club  of  America  had  Annual 
received  an  invitation  from  the  Albemarle  Garden  Club  to  hold  the  Meeting 
192 1  Annual  Meeting  in  Virginia,  and  that  it  was  the  wish  of  all  the 
Virginia  Garden  Clubs  to  join  in  this  invitation.    Mrs.  Crosby  also 
stated  that  the  recommendations  suggested  by  the  Council  of  Presi- 
dents, and  adopted  at  the  meeting  on  the  afternoon  of  the  7th,  were  in 

13 


effect:  that  the  Annual  Business  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  should  be  held  in  New  York  in  the  spring  of  192 1,.  separately 
from  the  Annual  Excursion,  as  a  trial  for  one  year;  to  await  the  de- 
cision of  the  conference  between  the  Committee  of  the  Virginia  Clubs, 
of  which  Mrs.  Harry  T.  Marshall,  of  the  Albemarle  Garden  Club,  is 
Chairman,  and  the  Board  of  Directors  in  regard  to  the  acceptance  of 
the  invitation  of  the  Albemarle  Garden  Club. 


Discussion  of        After  a  discussion  concerning  methods  offdistributing  invitations 

Methods  of  for  the  meetings  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  a  roll  call  was  made 

j  Cieculariza-  to  ascertain  which  of  the  Clubs  would  be  willing  to  assess  their  mem- 

TiON  bers  from  eight  to  ten  cents  a  person  to  cover  the  cost  of  circularization 

and  thus  avoid  the  expense  and  trouble  put  upon  the  Clubs  if  asked  to 

circularize  locally  according  to  the  request  sent  to  each  President 

in  regard  to  the  meeting.   The  Clubs  consenting  to  the  assessment  if 

necessary,  were: 


Allegheny 

Amateur  Gaedeners 

Bedford 

East  Hampton 

Fauquier  and  Loudoun 

Greenwich 

Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton 

James  River 

Lenox 

Litchfield 

Millbrook 

Montgomery  and  Delaware 

Counties 
Morristown 
New  Canaan 


Garden  Association  m 

Newport 
North  Country 
North  Shore 
Orange  and  Dutchess 

Counties 
Philadelphia 
Philipstown 
Princeton 

RUMSON 

Rye 

Short  Hills 

Summit 

Trenton 

Ulster  County 

Weeders 


Many  clubs  could  not  answer,  as  theirVepresentatives  felt  they  had 
no  power  to  vote. 

National        The  advisability  of  having  a  secretary,  with  desk  room  for  a  period 

Office  of  three  months,  was  discussed,  with  the  result  that  it  was  unanimously 

decided  to  adopt  this  plan  in  order  to  estimate  the  running  expenses  of 

the  Garden  Club  of  America.  The  addressing  of  Bulletin  envelopes 

and  similar  duties  would  be  transferred  to  the  National  Office. 


Signora         The  President  spoke  of  Signora  Olivia  Rossetti  Agresti,  for  many 

Agresti  years  connected  with  the  International  Institute  of  Agriculture,  who 

has  been  highly  recommended  as  a  lecturer.   Information  concerning 

Signora  Agresti  may  be  secured  by  applying  to  Mrs.  Charlotte  B.  Ware, 

4  Joy  Street,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

14 


Mrs.  Martin,  Honorary  President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  American 
announced  that  an  invitation  from  the  American  Civic  Association  Civic 
had  been  received  to  attend  meetings  at  Amherst  on  October  14,  15,  Association 
and  16.  Miss  Ely  was  asked  to  find  a  delegate  from  the  Garden  Club  Meeting  at 
OF  America  to  attend  the  conference  to  take  place  at  this  time  in  Amherst 
connection  with  the  meetings  regarding  the  planning  of  model  towns. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
Harriet  Pratt, 
Secretary  of  The  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Garden  Club  of  America  Wild  Flower  Committee 
October  8th 

After  a  very  pleasant  luncheon  at  the  Cosmopolitan  Club,  arranged 
by  Mrs.  Hill,  there  was  an  afternoon  program  planned  by  the  Wild 
Flower  Committee. 

Mrs.  Crosby  opened  the  meeting  by  reading  a  letter  from  Acting 
Director  of  the  Public  Parks  of  the  United  States.  In  this  letter 
Director  Cammerer  drew  attention  to  the  encroachments  of  com- 
mercial interests  on  the  waterways  of  the  country.  He  stated  that 
there  is  not  a  large  lake,  a  large  stream,  a  rippUng  waterfall  in  the 
parks  towards  which  the  commercial  eye  is  not  directed.  The  Red- 
woods of  California  are  also  in  jeopardy,  with  the  flora,  birds  and  wild 
creatures  that  go  with  them.  A  scientist  recently  told  him  that  the  age 
of  wild  mammals  would  be  over  in  thirty  years.  He  spoke  of  the 
seriousness  of  the  need  for  the  thinking  people  of  the  country  to 
realize  the  progress  of  this  destruction,  and  to  try  to  show  the  un- 
thinking element  what  they  are  losing.  His  opinion  was  that  a  Nation- 
al Conservation  Day  should  be  estabhshed  for  the  purpose  of  edu- 
cating our  people  to  an  appreciation  of  the  beauties  of  our  country, 
to  save  the  birds,  trees,  flowers  and  waters  for  a  generation  beyond 
ours. 

The  Director  of  Public  Parks  is  trying  to  encourage  the  States  to 
purchase  preserves  and  maintain  them,  and  a  strong  movement  in 
this  direction  is  already  taking  place. 

A  report  of  the  Wild  Flower  Committee  stated  that  the  country 
had  been  zoned,  with  a  member  of  a  Wild  Flower  Committee  as 
Chairman  of  each  Zone.  This  Committee  is  to  have  a  department  in 
The  Bulletin,  with  articles  on  wild  flowers  and  such  kindred  topics 
every  month. 

Each  Garden  Club  was  urged  to  appoint  a  committee  of  at  least 
three  members  for  Wild  Flower  Preservation,  the  Chairman  of  which 
might  well  be  a  member  of  the  local  Garden  Club  board.  This  local  , 
Wild  Flower  Committee  was  asked  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  Zone 
Chairman,  who  in  turn  will  try  to  assist  the  Club  committees  in  all 
ways  possible. 

IS 


The  National  Wild  Flower  Committee  also  requests  each  Garden 
Club  to  contribute  dues  of  $5 .  00  each  year  to  the  Wild  Flower  Com- 
mittee of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  to  help  in  the  publication 
of  pamphlets,  etc. 

The  plans  for  the  future  include  starting  preserves;  working 
through  schools  with  the  children;  holding  community  conserva- 
tion meetings  open  to  the  public,  with  lectures,  flower  pageants, 
stereopticon  views,  etc.    There  is  plenty  of  opportunity  for  initiative. 

After  the  reading  of  this  report  Mrs.  MiUspaugh,  of  Chicago,  read 
an  interesting  paper  on  wild  flowers,  illustrated  by  beautiful  film 
pictures  of  flowers  and  landscapes.  These  pictures  were  taken  by 
Dr.  MiUspaugh  of  the  Field  Museum.  Mrs,  Millspaugh's  thought  was 
that  as  the  Garden  Clubs  were  organized  to  create  beauty  they  would 
certainly  be  vitally  interested  in  trying  to  keep  all  the  beauty  in  our 
country  which  already  is  there.  She  spoke  of  the  intense  love  of 
nature  which  all  Japanese  have,  and  showed  pictures  of  the  school 
children  in  Japan,  hiking  into  the  country,  as  they  do  every  month, 
to  be  taught  appreciation  of  their  landscape,  Japanese  children  do  not 
need  to  be  told  not  to  injure  trees  or  shrubs,  nor  pick  wild  flowers. 
They  love  them,  and  what  one  loves  one  does  not  destroy. 

Mrs.  C,  L.  Hutchinson  of  Chicago  gave  a  ten  minute  talk  illustrat- 
ed by  slides  on  the  Pageant  of  Wild  Flowers  arranged  by  Mrs.  MiUs- 
paugh and  produced  three  times  during  the  summer  by  three  different 
groups  of  children  in  and  near  Chicago,  thus  reaching  some  twenty 
thousand  people.  She  also  showed  pictures  of  the  seven  wild  flowers 
that  the  Chicago  Chapter  of  the  Wild  Flower  Preservation  Society  is 
trying  to  protect  by  legislation,  viz.,  the  Spring  Beauty,  Bloodroot, 
TrilHum,  Columbine,  Lady  Slipper,  Gentian  and  Lotus. 

Mrs.  William  Carey  brought  from  New  Canaan  her  interesting, 
well  mounted  herbarium,  and  this  exhibit  around  the  walls  of  the 
audience  room  at  the  Cosmopolitan  Club  added  much  to  the  pleasure 
of  the  meeting,  especially  as  Mrs.  Carey  was  there  to  answer  ques- 
tions and  to  tell  vividly  of  her  interest  in  collecting  these  specimens. 

After  the  meeting  a  delegate  said  to  the  writer,  "I  was  asked  to 
speak  of  wild  flower  preservation  at  the  schools  of  Albany  last  week, 
and  declined  to  do  so  because  I  have  so  Httle  material  for  such  talks. 
I  am  now  going  back  to  offer  to  speak  to  the  children,  feeling  that  I 
have  more  than  enough  to  say."  That  remark  greatly  encouraged 
the  Wild  Flower  Committee. 

Mrs.  Sloan  showed  very  interesting  pictures  taken  by  Club  mem- 
bers in  their  gardens, — about  twenty-five  in  all.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
many  others  will  give  us  the  pleasure  of  visiting  their  gardens  in  this 
delightfully  easy  way  through  the  courtesy  of  the  stereopticon. 

Fanny  Day  Farwell, 
Chairman  of  the  Wild  Flower  Committee. 
16 


State  Park  Conference 

I  have  the  feeling  that  the  most  significant  event  of  our  generation, 
so  far  as  Conservation  is  concerned,  is  the  State  Park  Conference  to 
be  held  in  Des  Moines,  January  lo,  ii  and  12,  1921.  I  feel  that  this 
will  mark  a  new  epoch  in  the  preservation  of  natural  areas  for  the 
enjoyment  and  profit  of  the  people,  because  it  is  the  first  interstate 
conference  that  has  ever  been  held  with  such  an  object.  Some  of  our 
states,  like  Iowa,  are  in  the  forefront  of  the  State  Park  movement  and 
have  admirable  laws  that  make  it  easy  to  acquire  new  and  desirable 
park  sites.  Other  states  (most  of  them,  unfortunately)  lag  far  behind, 
and  have  no  adequate  machinery  for  park  acquirement.  At  this 
conference  it  is  the  hope  that  most  of  our  states  will  be  represented,  and 
it  is  easy  to  see  that  the  laggard  commonwealths  will  be  tremendously 
stimulated  by  what  their  representatives  will  see  and  learn  in  Iowa. 
They  will  return  to  their  homes  with  the  determination  to  get  their 
home  states  in  line. 

This  conference  is  being  called  by  the  Governor  of  Iowa,  in  co- 
operation with  the  National  Park  Service  of  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior.  To  this  conference  will  be  invited  all  who  wish 
to  go,  and  it  is  the  hope  that  every  interested  group  may  send  one  or 
more  delegates.  I  am  writing  to  you  in  the  hope  that  you  will  bring 
this  magnificent  opportunity  before  the  Garden  Clubs  of  our  several 
states.  It  is  my  experience  that  these  Clubs  are  composed  of  leaders 
in  their  respective  communities,  and  that  they  may  be  depended  upon 
to  carry  forward  grand  new  movements  of  this  character.  You  may 
count  upon  me  for  assistance  that  I  can  render  in  this  splendid  cause. 

Henry  C.  Cowles, 
Professor  of  Botany, 

The  University  of  Chicago. 

Further  information  on  this  important  movement  may  be  had  upon 
application  to  Professor  Cowles  or  through  Mrs.  Francis  C.  Farwell, 
Chairman  of  the  Wild  Flower  Preservation  Committee,  1520  Astor  Street. 
Chicago.  Member  Clubs  are  urged  to  send  delegates  to  the  Conference. 


17 


Reports  of  the  Member  Clubs  of  the  Garden  Club 

of  America 
1919  and  1920 

Albemarle  During  the  spring  and  summer  of  19 19  the  Club  continued  its 
Garden  Curb  Market  sales  of  flowers,  fruits,  vegetables,  etc.,  three  mornings  a 
Club,  week.  This  work  had  been  undertaken  the  previous  year  to  raise  funds 
Virginia  for  devastated  France.  In  1919,  however,  three  fourths  of  the  proceeds 
were  given  to  the  District  Nurse  Association  in  Albemarle  County. 
The  work  of  restoring  the  interesting  old  Scheie  de  Vere  Garden  at  the 
University  of  Virginia  was  continued  through  the  able  efforts  of  the 
Chairman  in  charge  of  that  Committee.  In  1920  the  Curb  Market 
sales  were  discontinued  except  for  a  series  of  plant  sales  through  the 
spring  planting  season,  at  which  numbers  of  desirable  plants  from 
members'  gardens  were  disposed  of  at  reasonable  prices.  During  the 
season  an  unusual  number  of  members  entertained  the  Club  when  their 
respective  gardens  were  at  their  best.  Also  the  regular  monthly  meet- 
ings continued.  Quite  a  successful  Garden  Fete  was  given  at  the  home 
of  a  member  in  August.  In  September  a  Dahha  Show  and  in  October  a 
Chrysanthemum  Show  were  the  chief  matters  of  interest.  At  the 
latter  the  Club  had  the  pleasure  of  welcoming  visiting  members  from 
the  two  neighbor  Clubs,  Orange  Garden  Club  and  Stanton  Garden 
Club,  which  Albemarle  had  been  instrumental  in  organizing  this 
summer  in  Orange  and  Augusta  Counties,  Virginia. 


Garden  Club        The  work  of  our  Club  this  past  year  has  been  carried  out  by  the 

OF  following  committees:  Bulletin,  Catalogue,  SUdes,  Exhibition,  Meet- 

Allegheny  ings  and  County  Work.   A  Wild  Flower  Committee  was  added  this 

County,  month. 

Pennsyl-         Encouraged  by  the  work  we  accomplished  during  the  war  with  the 

vania  aid  of  the  Patriotic  Fund,  it  was  felt  that  we  might  still  extend  our 

interest  and  help  to  the  women  on  farms,  as  well  as  encourage  all 

efforts  to  make  our  county  productive  and  beautiful.  We  got  in  touch 

with  the  County  Agriculturist,  Mr.  Grubbs,  and  with  Miss  Hall,  in 

charge  of  Home  Economics  Extension  Work.    We  also  visited  the 

Superintendent  of  Schools  and  offered  our  help  in  furthering  gardening 

work  among  school  children. 

Mr.  Grubbs  was  found  to  be  doing  a  really  valuable  work  among 
the  farmers,  but,  having  been  offered  a  larger  salary,  was  planning  to 
leave.  In  order  to  avoid  this,  the  Directors  were  able  to  offer  him  $800 
a  year  for  two  years  in  addition  to  his  salary,  taking  some  of  the 
Patriotic  Fund  and  making  up  the  rest  by  private  subscription. 
In  addition,  we  sent  ten  girls  to  the  Pennsylvania  School  of 
Horticulture  for  a  summer  course. 

18 


Thirty-four  schools  held  contests  and  we  presented  money  prizes 
to  the  chOdren,  besides  prizes  to  farmers'  wives  for  dooryard  gardens, 
flowers,  poultry  and  canned  goods.  Next  year  we  hope,  in  some  way, 
to  help  the  farmer  market  his  produce  direct  to  the  consumer,  thus 
saving  the  middleman's  profit. 

We  have  helped  Miss  Hall  by  providing  money  for  milk  for  under- 
nourished school  children.  Following  our  example,  the  Junior  Red 
Cross  gave  $i,ooo  to  carry  on  this  work.  In  order  to  facilitate  Miss 
Hall's  work  in  the  county  we  presented  her  with  a  Ford  car  and  pay 
for  its  upkeep. 

Through  her  eflForts  a  Committee  of  farm  women  was  organized 
from  different  districts,  with  our  Secretary  as  Chairman.  We  enter- 
tained these  women  twice  during  the  year  at  our  meetings,  thus  making 
an  opening  for  the  visits  of  the  Count  Work  Committee. 

This  work  is  appreciated  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
the  schools,  and  we  have  been  earnestly  requested  to  continue  our 
support. 

We  have  held  nine  meetings  during  the  year  and  have  had  several 
interesting  lectures.  We  are  trying  to  encourage  papers  by  our  own 
members  and  have  had  two  very  successful  meetings  devoted  entirely 
to  original  papers. 

We  have  held  three  exhibitions. 

Eight  of  our  members  attended  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Garden 
Club  of  America  and  were  most  enthusiastic  about  the  beauty  of  the 
gardens  and  keenly  appreciative  of   the  courtesies  shown  them. 
Edith  Oliver  Rea  (Mrs.  Henry  R.  Rea), 
President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Allegheny  County. 

As  acting  President  from  January  to  April,  I  endeavored  to  follow  Amateur 
a  plan  outlined  by  our  President  before  she  left  for  California.  This  Gardeners' 
consisted  of  a  study  of  the  gardens  of  historic  places  in  which  Maryland  Club  of 
abounds  and  working  out  garden  plans  from  blue-prints.  Baltimore, 

Very  little  of  this,  unfortunately,  was  accomplished.  Some  of  the  Maryland 
old  places  were  in  the  hands  of  people  who  were  so  Uttle  interested  that 
it  was  almost  impossible  to  get  them  to  furnish  the  required  data; 
others  had  been  lately  bought  or  inherited  by  younger  people,who 
were  enthusiastic  about  helping  us,  but  who  begged  for  another  year  in 
which  to  know  more  about  the  original  planting  plans. 

We  had  some  interesting  papers  by  one  or  two  members  on  these 
gardens,  and  more  are  promised. 

As  for  the  working  blue-print  plans,  the  heavy  and  long  lasting 
snowfalls  stopped  aU  work  in  that  direction  before  the  plans  were 
completed. 

We  held  monthly  meetings,  at  which  interesting  topics  were  dis- 
cussed, pictures  shown  of  gardens  and  of  travel  in  Uttle- visited  places. 

19 


A  portion  of  our  time  was  given  to  routine  business,  discussion 
of  work  with  the  Civic  League  (School  Gardens),  etc.,  and  our  part  in 
the  Annual  Flower  "Market"  to  be  held  around  the  Monument  in 
May. 

I  urged  our  members  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Garden  Club 
OF  America,  as  so  much  of  interest  is  discussed. 

Alice  S.  Josephs  (Mrs.  Lyman   Colt  Josephs), 

First    Vice-President. 

Bedford         In  planning  the  programme  for  the  current  year  the  effort  of  the 
Garden  Bedford  Garden  Club  has  been  to  encourage  a  more  general  interest  in 
Club,  planting,  gardening  and  the  beautifying  of  village  grounds  in  the 
New  York  communities  covered  by  the  Club. 

Following  out  this  policy,  meetings,  at  which  professional  speakers 
address  the  Club,  are  now  open  to  non-members. 

Two  competitions  have  been  held,  one  for  the  best  planting  of 
annuals  —  following  a  talk  on  annuals  given  in  the  early  spring  by 
Mrs.  Frank  Hunter  Potter  —  and  one  for  the  planting  of  the  grounds 
of  the  new  Community  House  at  Bedford  Hills,  the  latter  following 
a  lecture  on  Village  Gardens  by  Mr.  Fletcher  Steele  of  Boston. 

The  Bedford  Garden  Club  will  carry  out  the  successful  planting 
plan,  and  also  maintain  the  grounds  for  three  years. 

Informal  Spring  and  Fall  Flower  Shows  have  been  held,  the  ex- 
hibition of  vegetables  and  flowers  grown  by  school  children  forming  an 
interesting  feature  of  the  Fall  Flower  Show.  Seeds  were  distributed 
by  the  Club  in  sixteen  district  schools  in  the  early  spring,  and  two 
hundred  children  made  exhibits. 

A  number  of  informal  meetings  have  been  held  in  members* 
gardens,  also  a  plant  exchange. 

The  first  slides  made  from  photographs  of  members'  gardens  have 
been  exhibited. 

A  Field  Day,  with  the  Rye,  Philipstown  and  Ridgefield  Clubs,  was 
held  in  September.  More  than  one  hundred  guests  joined  the  Bedford 
Club  and  visited  gardens  in  Mt.  Kisco,  Bedford  and  Katonah. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  October  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Stout  spoke  on 
"Dahlias  and  Their  Culture." 

The  following  Committees  have  been  appointed: — 
Committee  on  Slides,  Committee  on  Visiting  Gardens,  Committee  on 
Wild  Flowers,  Bedford  Community  House  Planting  Committee. 

Chestnut        The  most  interesting  event  of  the  Chestnut  Hill  Garden  Society 

Hill  Garden  this  year  was  the  annual  exhibition  of  plants  and  flowers,  which  was 

Society,  held  at  the  Chestnut  Hill  Club  House  on  May  25,  1920. 

Massachu-        This  exhibition,  which  completely  filled  the  large  hall  of  the  Club- 

setts  house,  consisted  not  only  of  an  exceedingly  great  variety  of  flowers  and 

plants  from  the  several  greenliouses  of  the  members  but  also  the  early 

20 


spring  flowers  of  the  outdoor  gardens  and  the  similar  wild  flowers  of  the 
district. 

Prizes  were  awarded  not  only  for  original  plants  but  for  arrange- 
ment of  the  individual  exhibits,  for  table  decorations,  etc. 

The  exhibit  was  by  far  the  largest  the  Club  had  ever  given  both  in 
quantity  and  variety  of  the  plants,  also  in  their  excellence  and  beauty. 
It  not  only  showed  to  the  members  and  their  friends  the  progress  that 
the  Society  had  made  during  the  live  years  of  its  existence  but  was  a 
great  stimulant  to  further  work  and  to  the  greater  progress  we  may 
hope  for  in  the  coming  years. 

Gertrude  B.  Bradlee, 
Secretary,  Chestnut  Hill  Garden  Society. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Cincinnati,  organized  in  1914,  has  thirty  Garden  Club 
members,  all  women,  but  includes  men  in  its  list  of  associate  and  of 
honorary  members.  Cincinnati, 

The  Committee  on  Roadside  Planting,  which  from  its  inception  Omo 
has  been  one  of  its  most  important  aims,  is  pleased  to  report  that  the 
30,000  Roses  and  the  large  planting  of  Daffodils  and  Iris  along  the 
Wooster  Pike  is  one  of  the  joys  of  our  springtime  pilgrimage  to  the 
country.  The  fruit  trees  sent  to  devastated  France  have  been  grate 
fully  acknowledged  and  we  still  maintain  our  War  Orphan.  The 
Entertainment  Committee  reports  lectures  by  Loiing  Underwood, 
Miss  Frances  B.  Johnston,  John  C.  Wister,  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Taft;  an 
Iris  talk  wth  colored  slides,  with  Mrs.  Larz  W.  Anderson  operating 
her  own  lantern. 

An  important  piece  of  work  undertaken  by  the  Club  was  the  Grove 
of  Memorial  Trees  planted  in  memory  of  our  war  heroes  in  Ault  Park 
this  spring.  A  creditable  Iris  show  was  staged  under  the  auspices  of 
the  American  Iris  Society,  and  almost  all  of  our  members  are  now 
specializing  in  Iris. 

A  Committee  was  formed  to  encourage  the  formation  of  other 
Garden  Clubs  in  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati  and  to  arrange  yearly 
meetings  to  co-operate. 

Three  DahUa  shows  during  the  Dahlia  season  were  held.  The 
Mordacai  Silver  Cup  was  won  by  Mrs.  Charles  Anderson,  and  the 
Club  awarded  a  medal  to  their  President,  Mrs.  Taft,  in  recognition 
of  her  work  with  the  Dahlia  and  for  seedlings  created.  The  Cincinnati 
Garden  Club  is  directly  responsible  for  the  planting  of  window  boxes 
in  all  business  houses  along  the  thoroughfares. 

Mabel  B.  Taft,  President. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Cleveland  has  faced  the  same  difficulty  that  Garden  Club 
has  confronted  most  of  the  other  Garden  Clubs,  namely,  that  of  re-  of 
construction  after  the  war  activities  with  a  definite  and  worth  while  Cleveland, 
object,  aside  from  the  pleasure  derived  from  the  monthly  or  garden  Omo 

21 


meetings.  The  best  solution  may  not  yet  have  presented  itself  very 
definitely,  but  in  order  to  meet  any  such  requirement,  together  with 
the  increased  dues  of  the  Garden  Club  or  America,  the  annual  dues 
have  been  increased  from  $6  to  $io,  and  the  membership  has  held  up 
with  this  increase  to  seventy-two  members. 

The  ColHnwood  Garden  Club,  which  was  started  and  financed 
originally  by  the  Garden  Club  of  Cleveland,  and  became  self-support- 
ing after  the  first  year,  has  now  a  large  membership  and  has  brought 
about  a  very  general  improvement  and  feeling  of  unity  in  the  village. 
The  monthly  meetings  and  Annual  Flower  and  Vegetable  Show  in  the 
fall  are  held  in  the  village  school.  Dues  of  lo  cents  per  month  cover 
the  general  expense  of  the  Club  and  the  parent  club  supphes  $ioo  in 
prizes  at  the  show. 

This  same  kind  of  a  club  has  been  organized  in  WicklifFe,  Ohio,  in 
the  school,  and  with  the  help  of  the  Mothers' Club  and  the  co-operation 
of  a  large  Italian  settlement,  it  is  hoped  not  only  to  improve  conditions 
but  to  bring  about  a  better  feehng  of  unity  with  the  foreign  population. 
Many  of  the  parents,  who  hardly  speak  Enghsh,  can  be  reached  through 
these  school  meetings  with  the  help  of  the  children  and  their  knowledge 
of  English.  We  all  reaUze  that  most  foreigners  love  gardening  and 
it  may  be  a  most  effective  way  of  establishing  a  common  interest. 
Another  such  club  will  soon  be  started,  and  with  this  end  in  view  it  is 
hoped  to  establish  as  many  such  clubs  as  possible. 

Garden  Club  We  feel  that  the  most  important  event  in  the  life  of  the  Garden 
OF  Denver,  club  of  Denver  has  been  its  admission  this  year  to  membership  in  the 
Colorado  Garden  Club  of  America.  The  association  has  akeady  been  a  source 
of  much  inspiration. 

We  are  gratified  to  learn  that  the  problem  of  "Wild  Flower  Preser- 
vation," which  we  had  chosen  as  our  life  work,  is  receiving  so  much 
attention  elsewhere.  Our  efforts  along  this  hne  began  two  years  ago. 

The  City  of  Denver  is  unique  in  having,  in  addition  to  its  city 
parks,  an  extensive  Mountain  Park  system.  Miles  of  beautiful 
mountain  roadways  are  fast  being  denuded  of  wild  flowers.  We  have 
begun  actively  to  combat  this  destruction  in  various  ways.  The 
Chairman  of  our  Wild  Flower  Committee  is  sending  a  complete  report 
of  methods  adopted. 

We  now  have  a  Wild  Flower  Preserve  on  one  of  the  highways,  fenced 
and  protected  by  the  city,  where  we  have  planted  thousands  of 
Columbine  plants,  several  hundred  Lily  bulbs,  also  scattered  seeds. 

The  regular  activities  of  our  Club  consist  of  meetings  held  every 
two  weeks,  except  during  the  winter  months.  Discussions,  lectures, 
excursions,  exhibits,  etc.,  constitute  our  programme.  We  experiment 
each  year  with  one  annual  and  one  perennial  flower,  the  Zinnia  and 
Delphinium  being  the  choice  this  year. 

22 


Our  Civic  Committee  is  using  its  influence  toward  the  improvement 
of  the  Roadway  and  Park  plantings. 

We  co-operate  with  the  Horticultural  Society  in  offering  prizes  and 
judging  the  planting  of  school  grounds,  and  each  year  have  conducted 
a  successful  tearoom  at  the  Municipal  Flower  Show,  which  we  have 
financed. 

Ada  B.  Welborn,  President. 

The  Garden  Club  of  East  Hampton  continued  its  usual  activities  Garden  Club  [ 
during  the  past  two  years.   Meetings  were  held  twice  a  month  during  of  East 
the  summer,  with  good  average  attendance,  and  in  winter  the  Execu-  Hampton,  L.I.  | 
tive  Committee,  consisting  of  ten  officers  and  members,  outhned  New  York 
programs  for  the  following  season. 

Interesting  lectures  were  given  by  Mr.  Leonard  Barron,  Mr.  H.  G. 
Faulkner,  Mrs.  Frances  King,  Miss  Coffin,  Mr.  E.  H.  Wilson,  and  Mr. 
Thilow.  Talks  were  given  also  by  several  members  of  the  Club :  one  a 
fascinating  sketch  on  the  significance  of  flowers  in  Japan;  another  on 
general  garden  subjects  given  in  a  lovely  old  garden,  where  questions 
were  answered  by  the  hostess,  and  much  valuable  information  given, 
and  a  third  on  California  gardens,  illustrated  with  colored  slides. 

Occasions  remembered  with  particular  pleasure  were  visits  to  the 
gardens  of  our  neighboring  Club  in  Southampton,  and  to  Miss  Fish's 
garden  in  Greenport. 

At  the  Annual  Flower  Show  this  year  one  of  our  members  ex- 
hibited an  extensive  collection  of  native  wild  flowers.  The  variety  and 
charm  were  a  surprise.  The  Club  felt  this  opened  an  opportum'ty 
for  protection,  and,  possibly,  experimental  transplanting,  which  would 
be  instructive,  as  well  as  interesting.  It  is  planned,  accordingly,  to 
have  wild  flowers  shown  at  each  meeting,  with  the  purpose  of  preparing 
an  herbarium,  for  reference,  to  be  placed  in  our  local  Public  Library. 

It  was  decided  in  the  fall  of  1919  to  start  an  experimental  garden, 
in  an  effort  to  produce  seed  of  Delphinium  true  to  a  chosen  type.  At 
the  present  time  we  have  for  the  test  a  flourishing  collection  of  speci- 
mens from  EngHsh  seed.  Plants  were  discarded  and  sold  which  did  not 
meet  exactly  our  requirements.  Seed  saved  from  the  remaining  plants 
will  be  sown  for  a  continuance  of  the  test  next  year. 

The  Club  does  no  special  civic  work,  as  a  local  organization,  in 
which  most  of  our  members  are  interested,  exists  for  that  purpose; 
It  is  planned,  however,  to  make  a  donation  toward  a  scholarship  in  the 
School  of  Horticulture  for  Women  at  Ambler,  Pennsylvania. 

The  season  usually  ends  with  an  experience  meeting  where  each 
one  recounts  her  successes  and  failures. 

Elizabeth  E.  Lockwood. 


23 


Fauquier  and        The  Fauquier  and  Loudoun  Garden  Club  during  the  summer  of 

Loudoun   1919  devoted  itself  mainly  to  encouraging  its  members  to  grow  more 

Gakden  Club  and  better  flowers,  and  in  spite  of  lack  of  labor,  and  the  absence  of 

OF  VfRGiNTA  gardeners,  held  an  exhibition  of  flowers  at  each  of  its  meetings,  in 

competition  for  a  handsome  silver  cup,  which  was  won  by  a  member 

with  a  score  of  1,000  points. 

The  Garden  Club  inaugurated  a  series  of  Neighborhood  Flower 
Shows,  with  a  very  successful  show  at  Upperville  in  June. 

Plans  for  a  small  Arboretum  of  native  trees,  shrubs  and  flowers,  to 
be  established  and  cared  for  by  the  Garden  Club,  were  under  dis- 
cussion and  it  is  hoped  can  be  developed  later  on. 

The  event  of  the  year  1920  was  the  Sylvan  Masque,  "Royalty  and 
Romany. "  presented  by  the  Garden  Club  in  May.  It  was  written  by 
one  of  its  members  and  staged  by  her,  with  the  assistance  of  the  Fox- 
croft  School,  in  a  lovely  forest  setting,  which  embodied  after  a  fashion 
the  Garden  Club  confession  of  faith,  that  nature  is  more  than  art,  in 
any  age,  in  any  clime. 

The  Flower  Contest  was  continued,  and  the  cup  won  by  another 
member,  must  be  competed  for  in  192 1,  as  it  has  to  be  won  twice  by  a 
mem.ber  before  it  is  hers  permanently.  The  Garden  Club  plans  for 
192 1  include  a  Slide  Contest,  the  best  subjects  to  be  sent  to  the  Garden 
Club  of  America's  Committee  on  Slides;  a  Committee  to  arrange 
excursions  to  nearby  gardens  of  interest,  and  a  Committee  to  provide 
roadside  sign-posts  for  the  most  important  cross-roads  and  lanes  in  the 
territory  covered  by  the  Garden  Club's  membership  in  these  two 
counties,  and  to  remove  objectionable  advertisements  and  other  sign- 
boards wherever  it  is  feasible. 


Greenwich        The  Greenwich  Garden  Club  of  Greenwich,  Connecticut,  is  in  its 
Garden  seventh  year  and  has  a  membership  Umited  to  sixty  active  members, 
Club,  the  requirements  being  that "  The  membership  of  the  Club  shall  consist 
Connecticut  of  women  actively  engaged  in  gardening." 

We  have  held  meetings  monthly  from  April  to  November  at  the 
homes  of  members,  when  the  business  of  the  Club  is  taken  up  and  after 
its  conclusion  we  Hsten  to  prearranged  lectures  on  some  special  subject, 
or  to  papers  read  by  our  own  members. 

In  addition  to  these  stated  meetings  we  have  had  special  meetings 
known  as  "Field  Days,"  when  members  visited  several  nearby  gar- 
dens. On  these  occasions  we  sometimes  have  visited  as  many  as  four  or 
five  gardens  in  one  afternoon,  eliciting  new  ideas  from  the  many  points 
of  view  thus  presented. 

During  the  past  year  our  Club  has  planted  and  arranged  a  hardy 
border  of  flowers,  shrubs  and  trees  on  the  grounds  of  the  Greenwich 
General  Hospital.  This  work  is  to  be  maintained  and  continued  under 

24 


our  auspices,  and  our -Club  has  been  so  heartily  commended  for  work 
thus  accomplished  that  we  feel  encouraged  to  extend  our  activities  still 
further  for  the  benefit  of  other  local  institutions  of  public  moment,  as 
far  as  we  may  have  the  means  to  do  so. 

Our  last  Annual  Show  of  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  was  held 
at  the  home  of  our  secretary,  Mrs.  E.  Dimon  Bird,  at  which  awards 
were  made  for  excellence  in  the  usual  classes. 

Recently  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  a 
number  of  the  home  gardens  of  our  members  have  been  opened  to 
visiting  members  of  the  other  affiliated  clubs;  a  list  of  these  gardens  is 
kept  by  both  of  our  secretaries,— Mrs.  E.  Dimon  Bird  and  Mrs.  Sartell 
Prentice,  who  will  be  pleased  to  furnish  on  card  and  appUcation  the 
privilege  which  now  may  be  offered. 

Elsie  S.  Edson  (Mrs.  Franklin  Edson), 
President  Greenwich  Garden  Club. 

The  Green  Spring  Valley  Garden  Club  has  been  having  difficulties  Green  Spring 
this  year.  I  wonder  if  many  of  the  other  Clubs  have  not  found  it  hard  Valley  Gar- 
to  get  back  to  normal  conditions  after  the  years  of  war,  when  gardens  den  Club, 
meant  vegetables  and  "land  armies"  and  flowers  for  hospitals,  and  Marylani> 
Garden  Club  meeting  places  were  turned  into  Red  Cross  workshops! 

We  have,  however,  been  meeting  regularly,  except  during  the  three 
winter  months,  when  most  of  our  members  go  to  town  or  Florida  or 
CaUfornia,  and  the  "stay-at-homes"  find  that  Uving  in  the  country 
has  its  disadvantages. 

We  are  much  interested  in  the  plans  for  a  Community  House  to  be 
built  in  our  midst  and  will,  as  a  Club,  undertake  the  planting  in  con- 
nection with  it,  and  try  to  make  it  a  center  for  the  distribution  of 
flowers,  seeds  and  plants.  We  also  have  a  small  Garden  Library  and 
occasional  lectures  open  to  all. 

Last  fall  we  had  a  most  interesting  lecture  on  bulbs  by  Mr.  Chester 
Hunt  of  New  Jersey.  This  spring  one  of  our  members,  Mrs.  Todd,  who 
had  recently  returned  from  Japan,  gave  us  a  delightful  description  of 
Japanese  flower  arrangement. 

This  past  spring  we  have  also  co-operated  with  the  Baltimore  Civic 
League  in  its  "Flower  Mart"  for  the  benefit  of  city  planting.  Our 
Club  specialized  in  vegetable  and  flower  seedhngs,  and  found  that 
tomatoes  and  cabbages  were  much  more  in  demand  than  Snapdragons 
and  Asters.  i 

We  have,  as  a  Club,  journeyed  to  Mr.  Vincent's  Dahha  Farm  near 
Bel  Air  this  fall,  and  last  week  had  a  most  interesting  talk  on  the 
Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers.  We  have  appointed  a  Committee  to 
take  up  this  work. 

We  feel  very  proud  of  the  Valley  with  its  beautiful  estates  and  miles 
of  field  and  meadow  and  woodland,  but  the  Garden  Clubs  have  not 

25 


fulfilled  their  whole  purpose  unless  the  beauty  in  their  own  gardens 
overflows. 

"And  thou  shalt  be  like  a  watered  garden  whose  waters  fail  not, 
and  they  that  shaU  be  of  thee  shall  build  up  the  old  waste  places." 
Mrs.  M.  H.  Bowman,  Jr.,  Recording  Secretary, 

Garden  Club        The  Garden  Club  of  Harford  County,  Maryland,  held  but  three 

or  Harford  meetings  during  the  year  19 19.  At  one  of  these  it  was  decided  that  the 

County,   Club  should  use  its  influence  in  endeavoring  to  save  a  very  beautiful 

Maryland  part  of  the  County,  "The  Rocks  of  Deer  Creek,"  hoping  to  have  it 

made  into  a  State  Reservation  or  Park;  we  are  still  working  with  that 

end  in  view.  Flowers  were  sent  to  the  hospitals  and  plants  given  away 

'   to  our  neighbors  as  usual. 

During  the  season  ended  September,  1920,  our  Garden  Club  held 
eight  well  attended  meetings.  At  two  of  these  we  had  lecturers,  Mr. 
Windsor,  on  Gardens  in  England  and  France,  and  Mr.  Vincent,  on 
Dahlias.  At  another,  a  talk  upon  spraying  was  given  by  one  of  our 
members;  at  another  the  hostess  gave  a  demonstration  in  canning. 
One  afternoon  was  given  up  to  reading  Mrs.  Martin  E.  Ridgely's 
report  on  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 
At  the  three  other  meetings  there  was  a  general  exchange  of  garden 
experiences,  and  transaction  of  business. 

During  the  war  and  the  year  following  the  Club  merely  existed,  but 
the  past  season  shows  a  renewed  interest,  greater  than  in  any  previous 
year. 

Mrs.  Bertram  North  Stump, 
President,  Garden  Club  of  Harford  County,  Maryland. 

Hartford        Informal  talk  by  Mr.  Hurd,  Miss  Beach's  superintendent,  on  the 

Garden  cultivation  of  lettuce,  endive,  celeriac,  etc. 

Club,        Two  civic  plantings:  one,  of  evergreens  and  shrubs,  at  the  Trades 

Connecticut  School  for  the  Blind  (Mr.  Parker,  Supt.  of  Parks,  co-operated  with 

our  Committee,  furnishing  the  shrubs,  and  Mr.  HaUett,  landscape 

gardener,  contributed  his  services),  and  a  smaU  perennial  garden 

planted  personally  by  the  Committee  with  plants  contributed  by  our 

members,  at  the  School  for  Blind  Children. 

Mr.  Crockett  of  Cadwell  &  Jones  on  Spring  Flowering  Bulbs. 
Illustrated  Paper  by  Mrs.  Riggs  on  Flower  Symbols  in  Art. 
Lecture  by  Mr.  J.  Wilkinson  EUiot  on  Gardens  Here  and  Abroad. 
Talk  by  Mrs.  Charles  Goodwin  on  Form  and  Color  in  the  Garden. 
Papers  by  Mrs.  Root,  Mrs.  Martin  and  Mrs.  Robinson  on  Some 
Problems  of  Indoor  Gardening. 

Visit  to  Gillett's  Fern  and  Flower  Farm,  Southwick,  Massachu- 
setts; visit  to  Pierson's  Greenhouse  at  Cromwell,  Connecticut. 

Picnic  luncheon  to  the  Litchfield  Garden  Club  at  Elizabeth  Park. 

26 


Took  our  guests  to  the  Rose  Garden  and  also  to  the  gardens  of  Mrs. 
G.  C.  Williams  and  Miss  Alice  Foster. 

Mrs.  Robert  W.  Gray,  President,  Hartford  Garden  Club. 

In  June,  191 9,  it  was  our  privilege  to  entertain,  at  the  Annual  The  Garden 
Meeting,  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  That  was  to  us  an  occasion  Club  of 
of  inspiration  and  keen  deUght  which  greatly  enhanced  our  interest  in  Illinois 
Garden  Club  work. 

In  July  we  held  a  View  Day,  when  our  gardens  were  opened  to 
neighboring  Clubs  not  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 
We  contributed  $1,000  to  the  City  Gardens  Association  and  sent  to 
Fort  Sheridan  Hospital  a  large  quantity  of  shrubs  and  plants  which 
were  cultivated  by  convalescent  soldiers.  Our  programme  for  regular 
meetings  included  lectures  on  Wild  Flower  Preservation,  the  Arnold 
Arboretum  and  Forest  Preserves. 

Alice  K.  Carpenter,  Vice  President,  iqiq. 

In  1920  there  were  eight  regular  meetings,  with  papers  by  experts 
in  horticulture.  At  the  October  meeting  we  had  the  pleasure  of  receiv- 
ing the  Garden  Club  of  Lake  Geneva  as  our  guests. 

During  the  summer  a  Flower  Market  was  held  every  Saturday 
morning  under  a  gay  awning,  by  the  fountain,  in  Market  Square,  Lake 
Forest.  It  was  a  charming  and  successful  feature  of  the  village  life. 
The  proceeds  will  be  used  for  improvements  in  a  children's  playground. 
A  contest  for  the  plan  of  a  model  small  dooryard  has  arranged  and  it  is 
hoped  that  the  winning  plan  may  be  carried  out,  as  an  example. 

The  Club  has  suppHed  the  Public  Libraries  of  Winnetka  and  Lake 
Forest  with  daUy-renewed  flowers  arranged  for  effect. 

In  Winnetka,  an  Elm  Tree,  marked  by  a  bronze  tablet  on  a  boulder, 
was  planted  in  grateful  memory  of  the  late  William  Gold  Hibbard. 
A  fund  for  the  City  Gardens  Association  was  raised  as  a  memorial  to 
our  well-loved  former  President,  Mrs.  Frederick  Greeley, 

We  co-operated  with  the  Horticultural  Society  in  giving  three  well 
attended  Flower  Shows  in  Lake  Forest.  The  admission  tickets  entitled 
their  holders  to  visit  several  neighboring  gardens.  With  the  sub- 
stantial sum  obtained,  the  Horticultural  Society  will  start  a  small 
Arboretum  in  Lake  Forest  West  Park  and  will  plant  there  fourteen 
Memorial  Trees  dedicated  to  the  Lake  Forest  Soldiers  who  fell  on  the 
Field  of  Honor. 

Florence  Martin,  President,  ig20. 


27 


James  River 

Garden  Club, 

Virginia 

(Organized  bv 
Mrs.  M.  C.  Pat- 
terson, March  i, 
IQ15,  through  the 
inspiration  of 
Mrs.  Frances 
King.) 


10. 


II. 


Aside  from  the  great  benefit  and  pleasure  in  coming  together 
fifteen  times  each  year,  the  outstanding  features  of  our  Club  work  for 
the  past  year  are  as  follows : 

1.  Plant  exchange  and  sale. 

2.  Arbor  Day  Celebration,  members  planting  24  Dogwood  trees. 

3.  Two  cut-flower  exhibitions,  (a)  Spring  Daffodils,  (b)  Iris  from 
members'  gardens. 

4.  Contest  for  best  plan  for  city  garden.  Prize  100  Gladioli  bulbs. 
Plans  discussed  at  Club  meeting,  and  judged  by  Chas  F. 
Gillette,  Landscape  Architect. 

5.  Two  vegetable  and  fruit  exhibits  from  members'  gardens. 

6.  Informal  talks  by  professionals  on,  Vegetable  Gardens; 
Aquatic  Gardens;  Architecture  in  the  Garden;  Window  Boxes. 

7.  Conducting  booth  (miniatiu-e  vegetable  garden)  in  Pure  Food 
Exhibit. 

8.  Assisted  in  Victory  Loan  Drive. 

9.  Two  original  papers  by  members,  Spring  Bulbs,  by  Mrs. 
William  Northrop,  and  Japanese  Gardens,  by  Mrs.  John 
Skelton  WiUiams. 

Prizes  offered:  $10 — Public  School  Garden;  $25 — Scholarship 
Woman's  Land  Army  Training  Camp, 
Various  members  of  the  Club  conducted  a  Curb  Market  twice 
each  week  during  the  season,  selling  flowers  and  produce  from 
members'  gardens  in  the  city  market.   This  proved  to  be  the 
Club's  most  strenuous  undertaking.    However,  we  were  able 
thereby  to  send  $130  to  devastated  gardens  in  France  and  $100 
to  Serbia.  A  certain  thrill  comes  to  us  all  when  we  reflect  that 
in  the  city  of  Nisch,  in  far  away  Serbia,  there  is  a  small  garden 
tended  by  little  children,  and  known  as  the  "James  River 
Garden, "  the  gift  of  our  Club. 
November  i,  1920.  Since  the  writing  of  the  above  report,  the  Club 
has  established  25  Junior  Flower  Clubs  among  the  little  girls  of  three  of 
the  local  public  schools,  and  distributed  more  than  500  packages  of 
flower  seeds  and  about  2,000  plants.  Fifteen  dollars  in  prizes  has  been 
offered  to  these  Junior  Clubs.     In  April  the  Club  held  a  plant  sale, 
from  which  it  realized  $100.  In  May  invitations  were  issued  to  the  eight 
Garden  Clubs  of  the  State  to  meet  in  Richmond.  A  State  Federation 
of  Garden  Clubs  was  formed  which  will  meet  once  a  year  in  different 
parts  of  the  State.  In  June  four  members  of  the  Club  planted  a  garden 
border  of  over  i  ,000  plants  at  the  Dooley  Hospital  for  Crippled  Chil- 
dren in  Richmond.  This  was  done  in  the  name  of  and  by  contributions 
from  the  Club.   On  October  20th  a  public  sale  of  shrubs  and  bulbs 
from  the  gardens  of  members  was  held,  from  which  we  realized  $100. 

Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Wheelwright, 
President,  James  River  Garden  Club,  Richmond,  Va. 
28 


The  Lake  Geneva  Garden  Club,  drawing  to  the  close  of  a  successful  Lake  Geneva 
season  and  feeling  that  its  feUow  members  in  the  Garden  Club  of  Garden 
America  may  be  interested  in  the  activities  of  the  past  summer,  has  Club, 
instructed  the  Secretary  to  send  a  report  to  the  editor  of  the  Bulletin  Wisconsin 
of  The  Garden  Club  of  America.   The  Secretary  feels  a  good  deal 
like  a  child  with  a  stick  of  peppermint  candy.  Both  ends  being  equally 
good,  she  doesn't  know  at  which  to  begin. 

But  the  main  interest  centered  in  the  Harvest  Flower  and  Vege- 
table Show  held  in  Horticultural  Hall  on  August  25th.  The  members 
of  the  Garden  Club,  assisted  by  the  Gardeners'  and  Foremen's  Associa- 
tion, gave  an  exhibit  which  included  everything  a  garden  can  produce. 

Besides  being  of  great  interest  to  the  whole  community,  the  pro- 
ceeds from  the  Show  helped  to  support  a  local  charity. 

An  illuminating  lecture  by  Miss  Jay  gave  us  pictures  of  great 
beauty  and  showed  us  especially  how  a  barren  spot  can  be  transformed 
into  a  veritable  paradise. 

Mr.  C.  L.  Hutchinson,  one  of  our  members,  talked  most  interesting- 
ly on  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  illustrating  his  talk  with  color  slides. 

During  the  month  of  August  the  members  of  the  Club  motored  to 
Grass  Lake  to  visit  the  Lotus  beds.  Those  who  have  never  seen  that 
loveliest  of  water  flowers  are  strongly  advised,  when  in  the  vicinity,  to 
take  a  trip  to  Grass  Lake.  They  will  find  it  well  worth  while. 

Of  special  interest  to  our  Club  are  the  visits  to  the  gardens  of  our 
members,  and  I  cannot  close  this  report  without  particularly  mention- 
ing the  garden  of  our  president,  Mrs.  Potter.  With  the  utmost  grace 
she  planned  her  garden  to  meet  her  needs  as  well  as  rejoice  the  eye. 

Kathertne  Lefens, 
Secretary  Lake  Geneva  Garden  Club. 

Council  Meeting  July  21,  1919.  Lenox  Gar- 

Council  Meeting  August  18,  1919.  An  informal  discussion  by  the  den  Club, 
members  of  various  garden  plants,  and  their  care.  Massachu- 

Council  Meeting  September  15,  1919.    Mr.  Ralph  Hoffmann  gave  setts 
a  talk  on  The  Flora  of  Berkshire  County. 

Club  Meeting  July  2d.  Mr.  Benjamin  Fairchild  gave  a  lecture 
entitled  Planting  in  the  Wild. 

Club  Meeting  August  4,  191 9.  Miss  Lounsbury  read  a  paper  on 
The  Romance  of  Flower  Discovery. 

Club  Meeting  September  i,  1919.    Mr.  Herbert  W.  Faulkner  1 

lectured  on  Seeds  Bewitched. 

Annual  Meeting  October  6,  1919.  Miss  Helen  Hohnes  gave  a  talk 
on  The  Natural  Garden. 

Council  Meeting  June  2  ist.  It  was  voted  to  offer  a  prize  of  $5 .  00  to 
the  individual  in  each  town  in  which  the  Garden  Club  has  members 
who  has  the  best  cared  for  premises — no  hired  labor,  the  work  having 

29 


been  done  entirely  by  the  owner.  It  was  voted  to  have  the  gardens 
opened  to  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  returning  from 
the  meeting  at  Manchester. 

July  5th.   Modern  Methods  of  Grafting,  Dr.  Robert  T.  Morris. 
July  19th.   Reports  of  the  Annual  Meetings. 
August  2d.  The  Flora  of  Berkshire  County,  Mr.  Ralph  Hoffmann. 
August  i6th.  Papers  with  questions  on  gardening,  answers  by  members. 
Labor  Day.     The  Possibilities  of  a  Small  Garden,  Miss  LiUan  C: 
Alderson. 

September  20th.  Mr.  Thomas  E.  Francis,  White  Pine  Blister  Rust. 
October  4th.     The  Propagation  and  Care  of  Shrubbery,  Mr.  Charles 
E.  Hunn.. 

Report  of        The  seventh  year  of  the  Litchfield  Garden  Club  has  been  marked  by 

THE  GARDEN  a  contmuauce  of  its  activities  along  civic  and  horticultural  lines.  The 

CLUB  of  care  of  the  grounds  surrounding  the  New  Haven  Railroad  property 

LITCHFIELD,  and  the  planting  done  by  the  Club,  have  developed  what  was  formerly 

Connecticut  an  unsightly  bit  of  ground  into  an  attractive  setting  for  the  station. 

There  were  seven  lectures  dehvered  before  the  Club,  on  subjects 

various  and  interesting,  relative  to  the  work  of  the  season. 

A  morning  Market  was  held  once  a  week  during  August,  to  which 
the  members  of  the  Club  contributed  vegetables,  fruit,  eggs,  butter, 
chickens  and  flowers,  also  home-made  jellies  and  preserves.  The 
proceeds  of  this  market  wiU  be  devoted  to  sending  a  young  girl  from 
Litchfield  to  one  of  the  agricultural  schools,  in  order  that  she  may  be 
fitted  to  earn  her  living  in  this  line  of  work. 

An  Album  is  in  preparation,  a  gift  to  the  Club,  which  is  to  contain 
photographs  and  descriptions  of  the  gardens  of  the  members,  which 
will  be  added  to  the  ahready  valuable  Library  of  the  Garden  Club, 
containing  many  beautiful  and  useful  books,  gifts  of  the  members.  It 
is  also  planned  that  the  Club  become  a  contributor  to  the  SUde  Com- 
mittee of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

The  accomplishment  of  which  the  Garden  Club  is  possibly  the  most 
proud  is  the  purchase  of  the  building  formerly  known  as  the  Lawn  Club 
of  Litchfield,  which  it  has  repaired,  redecorated  and  put  in  good  con- 
dition for  renting,  thus  providing  an  attractive  building  for  the  many 
uses  for  which  such  a  one  is  needed.  The  rental  has  been  made  most 
moderate,  and  the  use  of  the  building  is  free  during  the  daytime  for  the 
activities  of  the  churches.  The  Garden  Club  also  hopes  to  have  the 
pleasure  and  privilege  of  donating  it  frequently  for  the  many  worthy 
objects  which  come  to  their  notice.  Although  the  workmen  are  not  as 
yet  out  of  the  building,  it  has  ah-eady  been  booked  for  sixty  rentals. 

Above  is  the  report  to  the  Annual  Meeting  in  June,  which,  is 
amended  to  include  the  season  of  1920.  The  Litchfield  Garden  Club 
successfully  carried  through  the  first  season  its  venture  as  owner  and 

30 


administrator  of  the  building  called  the  Playhouse,  which  was  in  al- 
most constant  use,  and  the  members  feel  entirely  justified  in  their  rather 
unusual  departure  from  the  well-trodden  path  of  Garden  Clubs. 

A  Show  of  arranged  flowers  was  held  in  August,  open  to  all  com- 
petitors, which  brought  a  goodly  array  of  exhibits.  One  meeting  was 
devoted  to  a  talk  on  the  books  included  in  the  Garden  Club  Library, 
and  to  the  development  of  books  on  gardening;  an  interesting  account 
of  the  work  of  reforestation  done  in  Connecticut  was  given  by  the 
State  Forester  at  another  meeting;  a  talk  on  milk  production  from  the 
point  of  view  of  the  farmer  occupied  still  another,  while  a  most  delight- 
ful morning  was  spent  in  the  study  of  Evergreens,  with  specimens  of 
the  leading  types,  shown  by  one  of  the  best  known  experts  in  that  line. 

The  work  of  the  Standing  Committees  went  on  as  usual,  there 
being  no  change  in  the  regular  Hne  adopted  when  they  were  formed. 

Margaret  L.  Gage, 
President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Litchfield. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Michigan  has  had  its  usual  number  of  meet-  The  Garden 
ings,  two  of  them  being  most  successful  shows  for  Tulips  and  Daffodils.   Club  of 
The  improvement  in  blooms  and  artistic  arrangement  at  these  shows  Michigan 
was  most  marked.    We  have  seriously  considered  having  an  artistic 
planting  of  bulbs  in  our  Park  so  the  public  can  enjoy  them  growing. 

Professor  Sanford  of  the  Michigan  Agricultural  College  gave  a  most 
instructive  lecture  on  Conifers,  illustrating  their  differences  with 
boughs.  An  interesting  lecture  on  History  of  Gardening,  with  char- 
coal sketches  of  the  forms  of  gardens  in  different  countries,  was  given 
by  Mr.  Fleming  under  the  auspices  of  the  Club.  Miss  Jay  gave  a 
delightful  lecture,  the  returns  being  used  for  the  Serbian  Aid  Fund. 
Five  hundred  dollars  was  realized;  $300  was  given  for  a  scholarship  in 
the  Lothrope  School  of  Horticulture,  Groton,  Massachusetts. 

In  June  an  al  fresco  supper  was  given  in  an  Iris  garden.  A  tree 
planting  picnic  was  held  in  October,  to  which  each  member  brought  a 
tree  or  shrub  as  well  as  her  lunch.  The  planting  was  done  in  the  bare 
grounds  of  a  little  hospital,  after  which  we  ate  our  lunch,  in  a  nearby 
woods,  in  true  Garden  Club  style. 

We  have  had  a  very  happy  year,  and  in  many  ways  a  useful  one. 

Mrs.  John  S.  Newberry, 
President  Garden  Club  of  Michigan. 

Our  Club,  whose  membership  is  limited  to  thirty,  has  held  meetings  Garden  Clui 
at  the  houses  of  its  members  practically  once  a  month  throughout  the  of  Middle- 
past  year.  The  programmes  consisted  of  papers  presented  by  members,  town, 
Among  those  of  special  interest  were  an  extensive  study  of  garden  Connecticut 
pests,  prepared  by  a  woman  physician  in  collaboration  with  the  plant 
pathologist  at  the  Wesleyan   University  Botanical  Laboratory,  a 
discussion  of  the  growing  and  care  of  Dahlias,  and  sketches  by  those 

31 


who  have  been  afield,  of  gardens  in  Hawaii,  California,  New  Orleans, 
and  other  places  which  are  not  restricted  in  their  beauties  by  the  Mmit- 
ed  sunshine  and  rock-bound  soil  of  New  England.  At  the  July  meeting 
the  Club  listened  to  the  report  of  the  President  and  delegate  to  the 
Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America.  All  were  im- 
pressed with  the  important  work  being  done  by  the  national  organi- 
zation. 

In  addition  to  this,  our  Club  has  undertaken  such  activities  as  are 
possible  in  a  small  Connecticut  city.  It  volunteered  to  develop  the 
grounds  around  the  Public  Library,  planting  shrubs  and  perennials, 
thus  providing  the  Library  with  many  beautiful  flowers  for  inside 
decoration.  In  addition  to  recreating  the  Library's  background  from 
an  esthetic  standpoint,  the  librarian  tells  us,  that  our  efforts  have  not 
been  without  ethical  value,  inasmuch  as  they  have  enabled  her  to  give 
the  eager  little  lovers  of  flowers,  both  native-born  and  aHen,  constant 
lessons  in  respect  for  public  property.  We  have  also  begun  a  reference 
collection,  at  the  Library,  of  books  on  gardens  and  gardening,  loaned  or 
given  by  our  members,  and  a  shelf  of  seed  and  bulb  catalogues.  As  in 
former  years,  the  Club  took  an  active  interest  in  the  annual  June 
Garden  Fete,  the  largest  event  in  Middletown  for  organized  charities. 
At  our  booth  everything  was  to  be  had  from  seedKngs  to  garden  hats 
and  watering  pots,  and  a  handsome  sum  was  turned  in  to  the  general 
coffers  of  charity. 

On  September  23d,  a  Dahha  Show,  open  to  the  pubhc,  was  held  at 
the  Library,  with  ribbon  prizes  for  the  best  exhibits  by  amateurs.  A 
very  wide  interest  was  aroused  in  this  and  adjacent  communities,  and 
many  beautiful  exhibits  were  sent  in.  The  next  meeting  will  include  a 
competition  for  winter  bouquets  of  dried  flowers,  grasses,  bayberry, 
bitter-sweet,  and  all  the  bulbs  and  shrubs  of  the  fall. 

Most  important  in  the  annals  of  the  Club  during  the  past  year  was, 
of  course,  our  reception  into  the  Garden  Club  of  America  in  April,  a 
connection  which  we  are  sure  will  be  an  education  and  sti  mulus. 

Sarah  Gildersleeve  Fife,  President. 

MiLLBROOK        The  work  of  our  Club  this  year  has  returned  to  normal  hues,  but 
Garden  the  shortage  of  labor  still  cripples  the  upkeep  of  our  gardens.     Our 
Club,  lecture  programmes  have  been  resumed,  and  although  we  had  no  flower 
Inc.,  N.  Y.  show,  the  children's  gardens  made  a  successful  exhibit  of  flowers  and 
vegetables,  and  in  floral  arrangements  gave  us  a  delightful  surprise. 
The  Club  is  in  the  process  of  incorporation,  in  order  to  hold  title  to 
five  acres  of  land  which  it  has  acquired  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  a 
small  park  (we  call  it  a  garden)  for  the  use  of  our  village.  The  land  is 
situated  at  the  head  of  the  village  street  and  its  natural  topography  is 
most  interesting— small  hills,  a  swamp  and  a  high  plateau  command- 
ing adeHghtful  view.  The  planting  is  to  be  of  native  and  local  material 

32 


only,  and  we  hope  to  show  how  beautifully  our  local  trees,  shrubs  , 
and  wild  flowers  lend  themselves  to  orderly  but  naturalistic  effects. 

A  children's  playground  was  graded  last  winter,  and  last  week  a 
most  interesting  event  took  place  there.  One  hundred  and  fifty -six 
trees  were  planted  after  the  manner  of  an  old  French  garden,  forming 
a  large  hollow  square  for  the  swings,  seesaws,  etc.,  to  be  used  by  the 
children.  The  trees  were  planted  by  the  families  of  the  men  who  went 
to  war  from  this  township,  and  from  this  tribute  our  little  park  has 
been  given  the  name  of  the  Tribute  Garden. 

A  village  auxiliary  is  being  formed  and  the  planting  will  be  taken 
over  by  various  committees  on  trees,  shrubs,  wild  flowers,  bog  and 
water  garden  materials,  etc.  Of  course  this  small  park  will  provide 
an  excellent  outlet  for  all  of  the  talent,  all  of  the  energies  and  all  of  the 
funds  of  our  Garden  Club  for  several  years. 

Mes.  Oakleigh  Thorne, 
President  Millbrook  Garden  Club. 

In  the  last  year  we  have  rather  relaxed  in  our  activities  and  gone  The 
back  to  our  informal  meetings  as  before  the  war.  It  has  been  a  joy  to  Gardeners  or 
give  more  time  to  our  own  gardens.  Montgomery 

We  sent  600  packages  of  seed,  with  printed  directions  in  French,  to  and 
Mrs.  Willard  Rogers  for  her  reconstruction  work  in  France,  and  re-  Delaware 
ceived  a  grateful  acknowledgment. '  Counties, 

We  had  our  usual  booth  at  the  Rittenhouse  Square  Flower  Market,  Pennsyl- 
exhibited  in  three  Flower  Shows,  two  of  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultiural  vania 
Society  and  the  New  Iris  Society.    We  also  had  a  Winter  Bulb  show 
and  a  Rose  show  at  our  own  meetings,  including  a  competition  for  the       n 
best  table  decoration. 

This  Spring  we  visited  John  Bartram's  Garden,  the  oldest  botanical 
garden  in  America. 

Eight  of  our  members,  including  the  President  and  Delegate, 
attended  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

Johanna  R.  Bullock,  President. 
(Mrs.  Horace  Bullock) 

Ardmore,  Pa. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Morristown  has  increased  its  membership  to  Garden  Club 
74.  Last  Spring  a  schedule  was  printed  giving  the  name  of  each  hostess,  of 
the  Lecturer — if  any — and  a  list  of  flowers,  fruits  and  vegetables  to  be  Morristown, 
judged  competitively.   Members  were  asked  to  bring  "blooms" — the  New  Jersey 
best  their  gardens  afforded  at  the  time — the  final  awards  to  be  announc- 
ed at  the  end  of  the  season.     Several  of  the  Garden  Clubs  of  northern 
New  Jersey  have  joined  together,  each  Club  appointing  two  delegates, 
forming  a  Representative  Committee.    Should  any  important  issue 
arise  it  is  hoped  better  and  more  effective  work  will  thus  be  accom- 
plished. The  pleasure  and  profit  of  such  friendly  co-operation  seems 

33 


already  proved  by  two  interesting  meetings,  which  we  hope  to  con- 
tinue semi-annually,  drawing  garden  lovers  in  our  State  more  closely 
together. 

This  plan  of  amalgamation  was  suggested  to  our  members  by  a 
Virginia  Garden  Club  where  it  had  been  successfully  tried.  A  Commit- 
tee for  the  exchange  of  plants,  perennials  and  bulbs  has  been  started. 

One  of  our  meetings  was  devoted  to  Birds,  an  illustrated  lecture 
to  which  members'  children  were  invited. 

We  hope  next  summer  to  have  the  nucleus  of  a  collection  of  picture 
sHdes,  and  also  open  possible  "  worth  while  gardens  "  to  visitors  through 
the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

We  have  donated  a  few  books  on  gardening  to  our  Public  Library 
and,  with  the  co-operation  of  the  Librarian,  have  had  exhibits  of 
specimen  wild  flowers,  collected  by  school  children,  hoping  to  encour- 
age their  more  careful  preservation  while  arousing  an  interest  in  their 
beauty.  If  only  each  Club  could  be  the  open  sesame  in  its  community 
to  the  joy  of  a  flower  garden,  however  small,  the  problem  of  making 
villages  and  city  suburbs  "blossom  as  the  rose"  would  soon  be  solved. 

CarouneT.. Kissel,  President. 

New  Canaan        There  were  ten  regular  meetings,  two  Field  Days,  and  two  Annual 
Garden  Flower  Exhibitions,  in  September  and  in  June. 
Club,         Papers  and  talks: 
Co>rNECTicuT         By  presidents  of  neighboring  Garden  Clubs,  on  ' '  President's  Day  " ; 
Wild   Flowers  of   Connecticut,   with   sHdes,   Mr.   Norman  Taylor; 
The  Annual   Magazine,  with   contributions   from   Club   members; 
Experiences,  by  Club  members;  Roses,  Mrs.  Harold  Irving  Pratt; 
The  Understanding  of  Landscape  Design,  Mr.  H.  A.  Capam;  Rock- 
work,   Rock-plants,   Fools  and    Sundials,   Mrs.   W.    E.   Verplanck. 
Rural  Spain,  with  original  slides,  by  Mrs.    S.  S.  Auchincloss;    An 
Antique  Garland,  Mrs.  J.  Putnam  Brinley  (Club  member);  Annuals, 
Mr.  John  B.  Gerrish  (Club  member);  The  Annual  Magazine,  with 
contributions  from  Club  members. 

At  each  regular  meeting  save  that  of  mid- winter  a  flower  exhibition 
was  held,  of  two  to  three  classes,  three  judges  from  the  Club  being 
appointed. 

The  Annual  Exhibition  of  September  comprised  fifty- two  classes; 
that  of  June,  seventy-nine.  At  the  last,  open  competition  was  a 
feature,  with  gratifying  success.  There  was  a  competition  in  garden 
photographs  and  there  were  juvenile  exhibits.  The  judges  of  the 
Annual  Exhibitions  are  invariably  professional  gardeners,  the  decora- 
tive classes  being  judged  by  members  of  outside  Clubs. 

Various  Activities :  An  herbarium  of  local  wild  flowers,  compiled  by 
Mrs.  WilHam  H.  Cary.  A  Committee  for  Civic  Improvement,  which 
has  not  yet  reported.   The  Club  mothers  and  receives  reports  from: 

34 


Children's  Gardens. 

(There  are  approximately  two  hundred  gardens.  The  children  have 
an  annual  exhibition  of  their  own.) 

The  New  Canaan  Plant,  Flower  and  Fruit  Guild,  under  the  man- 
agement of  which  are  the  Children's  Gardens. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
Mary  R.  Chappell,  President. 
(Mrs.  Henry  W.  Chappell) 

The  Garden  Association  in  Newport  has  two  definite  objects  in  Garden  Asso- 
view,  both  of  which  it  has  tried,  especially  since  war  activities  have  ciation  in 
ceased,  to  accompKsh.  Newport, 

First,  to  interest  and  bring  together  its  members  by  giving  lectures  Rhode  Island 
during  the  summer  months  and  having  teas  in  the  Garden  of  the 
Association,  at  which  flowers  are  shown  and  prizes  given.   Members 
owning  gardens  with  distinctive  features  are  kind  enough  to  also  give 
teas  in  them  to  the  Garden  Association  and  its  friends. 

More  important,  however,  is  the  second  object  the  Association 
strives  for :  to  stimulate  and  improve  the  taste  of  the  community.  That 
is  done  through  the  Garden  of  the  Association,  which  is  open  to  the 
general  pubhc.  There  Roses  especially  are  grown.  New  and  rare  ones, 
also  old  fashioned  ones  difficult  to  get  to-day,  are  added  every  year  to 
the  collection.  These  are  carefully  labelled.  New  color  schemes  are 
planned  for  the  annual  beds  and  the  perennial  borders  are  gradually 
getting  to  look  as  they  were  intended  to.  As  a  result  of  the  meeting  of 
the  Garden  Club  of  America  on  the  North  Shore,  changes  suggested 
by  the  beautiful  gardens  seen  there  have  been  planned  for  the  work 
to  be  done  this  coming  year. 

Four  Committees:  on  Roses,  Bulbs,  Bed-planting,  and  Up-keep — 
are  in  charge  of  the  Garden,  and  there  is  also  an  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee for  the  shows  and  teas  given  there. 

The  others  are  Lecture,  Budget,  and  the  Educational  Committee, 
which  was  created  this  year.  This  last  one  has  to  do  with  the  school- 
gardens,  to  which  we  give  assistance  and  prizes.  Joined  to  it  is  the 
Wild  Flower  Committee,  and  that  is  still  in  the  process  of  development. 

The  Garden  Association  co-operates  with  various  societies  which 
work  toward  civic  betterment.  It  was  instrumental  in  getting  the  New 
Haven  Railroad  to  improve  the  approaches  to  the  station.  A  play- 
ground opposite  the  station  has  also  been  cleaned  up,  shrubs  planted, 
and  the  Association  hopes  to  make  it  stiU  more  attractive. 

Edith  Wetmore, 
President  the  Garden  Association  in  Newport. 


35 


North        This  club  was  formed  in  October,  19 13,  at  a  meeting  of  Federated 

Country  Clubs  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  originally  composed  of  twenty-five 

Garden  Club  members,  representing  widely  separated  districts  of  Long  Island. 

OF  Following  the  suggestion  of  Mrs.  Stuart  Patterson,  "  Godmother  of  all 

Long  Island,  Clubs, "  the  Club  has  decided  to  keep  its  membership  small,  in  order 

New  York  that  each  member  may  more  easily  discuss,  in  an  informal  way,  her 

plans  and  difficulties  in  making  a  garden. 

Horticultural  societies  had  been  formed  in  several  Long  Island 
villages,  so  that  the  Garden  Club  did  not  start  new  enterprises,  but 
rather  aided  these  existing  activities,  by  furnishing  judges,  giving 
prizes,  and  by  general  advice.  The  Club  has  also  had  leaflets  printed 
and  circulated,  describing  the  best  methods  to  be  pursued  in  creating 
and  caring  for  small  gardens.  Mrs.  Aaron  Ward,  the  celebrated 
rosarian,  is  one  of  our  members,  and  her  successful  methods  in  planting 
and  caring  for  roses  should  be  studied  by  all  Rose  growers.  During  the 
war,  the  Garden  Club  sent  money  to  purchase  seeds  for  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  in  England,  and  money  for  agricultural  kits  was 
sent  to  France.  At  this  year's  annual  meeting,  on  October  6th,  three 
new  Committees  were  formed,  with  which  it  is  hoped  to  make  the 
Garden  Club  a  more  potent  factor  in  our  communities.  The  Com- 
mittees were:  A  Committee  on  Public  Improvement,  for  the  purpose 
of  beautifying  our  villages,  and  to  encourage  the  planting  of  trees; 
A  Visiting  Committee,  to  promote  meetings  betweenx  our  club  and 
members  of  neighboring  clubs;  and,  lastly,  a  Meeting  and  Programme 
Committee,  to  arrange  dates  and  places  of  meetings  of  our  own  Club. 

Melza  Riggs  Winthrop,  President, 
(Mrs.  Beekman  Winthrop) 

North  Shore        We  enjoyed  exceedingly  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club 

Garden  of  America  on  the  North  Shore  June  29th,  30th  and  July  ist. 
Club,  Massa-         Our  attendance  at  meetings  has  averaged  about  twenty-eight. 
chusetts  Five  papers  have  been  read  by  members,  subjects  being: 

1.  Working  for  Succession  of  Bloom  with  as  Little  Labor  of 

Transplantation  as  Possible. 

2.  Two  Gardens  of  Java  and  Ceylon. 

3.  Inherited  Horror  of  Cutting  Trees. 
A.   A  Japanese  Garden. 

5.    A  Walk  Over  Long  Hill. 

Mr.  Cook  of  the  State  Forestry  Conservation  Department  spoke 
on  Forest  Conditions  here. 

We  have  taken  up  the  following  subjects:  American  Academy  at 
Rome.  Lantern  Slides.  Opening  Our  Gardens  to  Garden  Club  of 
America  Members.  Collecting  Items  for  the  Historical  Gardens 
Society.  The  Iris  Society.  Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers.  Conserva- 
tion of  Forests.    Quarantine  37.    Suppression  of  Bill-boards.    Inter- 

36 


national  Institute  of  Agriculture  at  Rome.  Preserving  the  California 
Redwood.  Prizes  at  Horticultural  Hall  Shows,  Manchester.  Saving 
Our  National  Parks  from  Commercial  Irrigation  Schemes. 

During  the  past  year  many  communications  have  been  written  Garden  Club 
regarding  the  bill-board  ofifense.    Impressive  views  of  scenery  have  of  Orange 
been  taken  from  behind  certain  signs,  and  then  from  in  front  to  include  and  Dutches^ 
these  signs,  thus  emphasizing  the  offense.  Counties, 

We  have  a  Slide  Committee,  one  seeking  to  beautify  public  grounds  New  York 
and  those  of  hospitals,  and  one  for  Wild  Flower  Protection. 

We  like  to  feel  that  our  allegiance  to  the  Mother  Club  was  shown 
by  inviting  the  Garden  Club  of  America  to  a  lecture  by  Doctor 
Wilson,  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  upon  the  Flowers  and  Gardens  of 
Japan,  which  took  place  at  the  Colony  Club,  New  York,  in  con- 
nection with  its  Spring  meeting. 

Our  representation  to  the  June  meeting,  suitably  large,  returned  to 
report  the  unreserved  cordiality  of  the  hostess  Club,  and  to  comment 
upon  marvelous  gardens. 

Our  minutes  contain  the  following:  "The  Garden  Club  of  Orange 
and  Dutchess  Counties  desires  to  put  on  record  its  deep  sense  of  loss  in 
the  death  of  Mrs.  Benjamin  T.  Fairchild  who,  as  Mrs.  Ely,  led  the 
present  interest  in  gardening,  by  her  book,  A  Woman's  Hardy 
Garden. 

"  From  the  day  when,  in  her  country  home  at  Warwick,  N.  Y.,  she 
gathered  about  her  a  few  friends  to  consider  the  starting  of  this  Club, 
until  her  death  in  May,  Mrs.  Fairchild  was  perhaps  more  instrumental 
than  any  other  single  person  in  the  success  of  our  Club, 

"Alike  by  her  social  gifts  and  personal  charm,  by  her  intimate 
knowledge  of  plants  and  flowers,  and  by  her  untiring  energy  and 
interest  even  when  health  was  failing,  she  never  ceased  to  be  one  of 
our  most  important  and  valued  members. 

^  "Now  that  she  has  passed  behind  the  veil,  we  join  with  gratitude 
in  the  ancient  prayer  that  she  may  rest  in  peace,  and  that  light  per- 
petual may  shine  on  her.  'Where  grow  such  sweet  and  pleasant 
flowers  as  nowhere  else  are  seen. '  " 

Edward  L.  Partridge,  President. 

From  September,  191 9,  to  September,  1920,  the  Pasadena  Garden  Pasadena 
Club  held  ten  regular  meetings  and  one  impromptu  meeting.    The  Garden 
programme  covered  a  wide  range,  and  each  talk  was  given  by  an  expert  Club, 
in  his  Hne  of  work.    Subjects  considered  were:  California 

Shrubs  for  the  All-Year  Garden;  The  Elfin  Forest  or  Chaparral, 
with  slides  showing  the  rapid  growth  of  shrubs  after  a  fire;  Amenities 
of  Gardening  and  Drought-resistant  Plants;  Gardens  Seen  From  the  Air, 

37 


by  an  oflGicer  of  the  U.  S.  Air  Service;  The  Arroyo  Seco  Park  and  Plans, 
a  subject  of  great  interest  to  the  people  of  Pasadena. 

The  impromptu  meeting  was  held  at  the  estate  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M. 
Cochrane  Armour  to  see  the  Ceanothus,  or  Wild  Lilac,  at  its  height  of 
bloom.  During  the  year  the  Club  has  had  a  number  of  practical  in- 
terests considered  by  committees  appointed  by  the  President;  the 
proper  care  of  vacant  lots,  the  feasibility  of  reforestation  after  forest 
fires,  the  best  method  of  handling  the  oak  borers  so  destructive  to  the 
live  oaks  of  Southern  California,  the  planting  of  shrubs  in  the  Arroyo 
Seco  Park.  Each  Spring  and  Fall  a  contribution  of  $25  is  made  to  the 
Pasadena  Horticultural  Society,  an  association  of  professional  gard- 
eners and  nurserymen,  with  the  proviso  that  all  exhibits  at  the 
Flower  Shows  be  labeled  with  their  botanical  names.  The  policy  of  the 
Club  is  to  confine  its  interests  strictly  to  horticultural  Hnes. 

MiRA  B.  CuLiN,  Secretary. 

Garden  Club        with  beauty  as  the  watchword,  this  year,  the  Garden  Club  of 

OF  Philadel-  Philadelphia  has  endeavored  to  come  into  its  own  once  more;  to  cherish 

PHiA,  Penn-  and  protect  the  glory  of  the  living  green  God  has  given  us;  to  appreci- 

SYLVANiA  ate  the  natural  beauty  of  the  country  and  help  others  to  know  and  love 

it. 

The  Club  made  a  pilgrimage  to  the  Azalea  Gardens,  Charleston, 
and  two  canal-boat  trips  to  the  upper  reaches  of  the  Delaware.  In- 
spired by  these  journeys,  the  members  desire  to  have  more  garden 
joys,  and  to  share  them  with  others. 

The  financial  results  of  the  Garden  Plant  Sale  at  Alverthorpe  made 
possible  development  of  the  Chestnut  Hill  Community  House  Garden. 
The  Club  booth  at  the  Rittenhouse  Square  Flower  Market  gave  some 
city  children  a  chance  to  buy  other  flowers  than  salvia  and  red  ger- 
aniums, and  incidentally  helped  the  Playgrounds  Association. 

Co-operation  with  the  Society  of  Little  Gardens  and  The  Weeders 
brought  Mr.  Cromarty,  Canadian  Housing  Commissioner,  to  Philadel- 
phia to  tell  of  the  new  garden  cities  now  being  developed  by  our 
progressive  northern  neighbors. 

Among  the  other  activities  of  the  Club  were  Flower  Arranging 
Competitions,  Delphinium,  Dahlia  and  Chrysanthemum  Shows.  A 
Photographic  Exhibition  is  being  planned  from  which  the  best  pictures 
will  be  culled  to  be  made  into  slides  for  the  Garden  Club  of  America. 

For  the  future,  trees  and  native  wild  flowers- are  to  be  claims  for 
special  interest.  The  ambition  of  the  Club  this  year  is  a  Wild  Flower 
Garden  in  Fairmount  Park. 

Mrs.  Bayard  Henry,  President. 


38 


Three  original  papers  by  members  in  1919,  among  them  Flower  Philipstown 
Arrangements,  by  Mrs.  Quackenbush,  and  Garden  Democracy,  by  GaiidenClub, 
Miss  Giles.  Also  French  Experiences,  by  Miss  Rogers.  Garrison-on- 

Four  papers  by  outsiders  in  1920.  Hudson,  N.Y. 

Paper  by  Mrs.  Potter  of  Bedford  Club  on  Garden  Annuals;  Mrs. 
H.  I.  Pratt  on  Roses;  Mrs.  Paulding,  An  Army  Woman's  Garden, 
September  Planting  and  Summer  Bulbs,  from  Garden  Club  of  Amer- 
ica Library;  paper  on  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America,  by  Mrs.  Higginson,  Club  Delegate. 

Open  Meeting,  Small  Gardens,  by  Professional;  annual  Dahlia 
and  Vegetable  Show  both  years;  besides,  prizes  for  Dahhas  and  prizes 
for  vegetables  grown  by  children,  and  separate  prizes  for  arrangement 
of  flowers  by  children  and  table  decorations  by  members.  In  1920 
music  and  dancing  added  attractions. 

In  19 1 9  the  Club  continued  sending  flowers  and  vegetables  to  the 
U.  S.  Army  Hospital.  Prizes  given  school  children  for  best  essays  on 
Wild  Flowers. 

Signs  2^'ii2'f  erected  on  roadsides  asking  that  Wild  Flowers 
be  spared.  Committee  on  Improving  Grounds  report  planting  trees 
and  shrubs  on  school  and  church  groimds.  Plans  drawn  by  Mr. 
Electus  Litchfield  for  beautiful  Pavilion  and  rearrangement  of  Com- 
munity Gardens.  Picnic  place  for  motorists  made  by  member  on 
State  Road  near  spring,  hoping  to  help  clear  road  of  boxes  and  papers. 

In  1920  the  Bedford  Garden  club  asked  our  members  to  lunch  with 
Mrs.  Holter  and  visit  six  of  their  loveliest  gardens.   Delightful  time. 

In  1920  the  Bedford  and  Millbrook  Clubs  lunched  with  Mrs. 
Sloan  as  guests  of  our  club,  and  as  it  was  too  wet  to  visit  Constitution 
Island  as  planned,  colored  sHdes  of  Gardens  were  shown. 

In  June,  1920,  informal  Flower  Show. 

Two  experience  and  business  meetings  in  1920. 

New  constitution  adopted.  Katherine  Sloan,  President. 


The  Princeton  Garden  Club  has  had  a  successful  and  I  think  The  Garden 
profitable  year.   We  have  met  our  obHgation  to  Miss  Washburn,  the  Club  of 
horticultm-al  gardener  in  the  pubUc  school,  to  whom  we  had  agreed  to  Princeton, 
pay  for  three  years  one-half  of  her  annual  salary  of  fifteen  hundred  New  Jersey 
dollars,  the  other  half  being  paid  by  the  State.     It  was  understood 
that  at  the  end  of  this  period,  if  her  services  were  thought  valuable 
enough  to  warrant  her  retention,  the  State  and  Board  of  Education 
would  pay  the  v/hole  amount.   It  is  needless  to  say  Miss  Washburn's 
efficiency  and  value  have  been  well  proven  and  she  continues  to  direct 
the  school  gardening. 

Our  Club  has  also  continued  to  maintain  the  "French  Market," 
which  is  held  Saturday  mornings  in  Spring  and  Autumn  at  a  booth 
in  a  central  part  of  town,  served  by  Club  members.  Fruits,  vegetables, 

39 


flowers,  flowering  plants,  seedlings,  etc.,  according  to  the  season,  are 
donated  by  members  of  the  Club.  Last  year  the  proceeds  of  these 
sales  were  given  to  our  new  town  hospital.  This  year  they  are  being 
given  to  our  town  Library  for  the  purchase  of  books  on  Gardening, 
Farming,  and  kindred  subjects.  Books  of  this  character  are  much  in 
demand  and  expensive  to  buy,  so  we  gladly  encourage  this  interest. 

The  plan  of  forming  an  association  of  the  seven  Garden  Clubs  of 
New  Jersey  we  feel  to  be  an  admirable  one.  We  have  already  had 
delightful  meetings  at  Short  Hills,  where  the  exhibit  of  Dahlias  was 
marvelous,  and  also  charming  meetings  at  Rumson  and  Morristown. 
We  look  forward  to  the  help  and  stimulus  which  this  opportunity  of 
meeting  together  will  give  in  the  exchange  of  experiences  and  in  the 
discussion  of  our  common  problems.  We  are,  at  present,  planning  a 
Memorial  to  our  late  President. 

In  conclusion,  our  Club  has  held  its  regular  fortnightly  meetings 
during  the  Club  year,  and  the  majority  of  the  papers  have  been 
written  by  the  members. 

Harriette  F.  Armour,  President. 
(Mrs.  George  Armour) 

Garden  Club         The  Garden  Club  of  Ridgefield,  Connecticut,  feels  renewed  interest 

OF  in  its  work  this  summer,  has  increased  its  membership  to  eighty-five 

Ridgefield,  active  members,  and  has  a  larger  average  attendance  than  ever  before. 

Connecticut         Its  Village  Improvement  Committee  is  planning  needed  work 

on  the  town's  beautiful  trees,  and  advocating  the  planting  of  new 

trees  wherever  necessary.  A  movement  is  also  being  started  to  provide 

a  public  park  for  Ridgefield,  with  seats,  band-stand,  etc. 

The  School  Gardens  Committee  has  one  hundred  and  twenty-six 
little  gardens  planted  by  the  children  and  doing  well,  and  will  have  a 
exhibition  separate  from  that  of  the  Garden  Club,  at  which  many  prizes 
and  ribbons  will  be  awarded. 

The  Club's  public  exhibition  will  take  place  on  September  loth 
and  will  include  several  new  classes,  among  them  being  bouquets,  old 
and  new,  and  miniature  gardens.  Each  member  of  the  Club  has 
pledged  herself  to  make  at  least  one  exhibit.  Three  new  prizes  have 
been  offered  by  members  to  gardeners  showing  best  muskmelon, 
greatest  number  of  ribbons  for  vegetables  and  for  flowers.  A  silver 
cup  has  been  given  by  one  member  to  be  owned  by  the  exhibitor  win- 
ning first  prize  for  vegetables  for  three  years. 

One  member,  Mrs.  LeBoutiUier,  reports  raising  a  Peony  from  seed 
having  the  first  blossom  this  Summer,  plant  to  be  named  the  Adeline 
Bleecker;  it  differentiates  entirely  from  the  original.  One  member  has 
produced  a  very  good  squash  from  crossing  Giant  Summer  Crookneck 
with  Long  Island  White  Melon.  This  was  Mrs.  Geo.  B.  Agnew. 

Mrs.  George  P.  Ingersoll. 
40 


The  Rumson  Garden  Club  this  year  has  increased  the  number  of  Rumson  Gae- 
its  Flower  Shows.  The  Flower  Show  Committee,  under  the  Chairman-  den  Club, 
ship  of  Mrs.  Bertram  Borden,  has  arranged  for  a  small  show  each  New  Jersey 
month,  as  well  as  two  large  ones  held  in  June  and  September.   These 
small  shows  have  added  considerable  interest  to  our  monthly  meetings. 

Arrangements  have  also  been  made  by  Miss  Ruth  Adams  for 
lectures  to  be  given  each  month  by  professionals  and  some  papers 
written  by  members. 

Mrs.  Howard  Borden  has  charge  of  the  civic  work  of  the  club  and 
her  Committee  has  arranged  for  the  making  of  vegetable  gardens  by 
the  school  children,  who  plant  and  take  care  of  them  themselves.  A 
professional  starts  them  in  the  Spring  and  during  the  Summer  they  are 
visited  each  week  by  the  Committee,  who  in  that  way  are  brought  in 
close  touch  with  the  children  and  their  families  and  are  thus  able 
to  help  them  in  many  ways.  The  children  have  a  show  for  their 
vegetables  in  August  and  prizes  are  given  for  the  best  exhibits.  We 
find  that  the  children  do  not  lose  interest,  as  we  started  with  seventy- 
five  gardens  in  the  Spring  and  only  three  have  been  given  up.  These 
gardens  were  started  during  the  war  and  we  consider  them  one  of 
the  most  important  of  our  activities. 

Mrs.  George  Gr.ay  Ward,  Jr., 
President  of  Rumson  Garden  Club,  Sedbright,  New  Jersey. 

The  Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton,  an  interested  group  of  women  Hardy 
who,  with  few  exceptions,  do  their  own  gardening,  was  organized   Garden  Club 
about  six  years  ago.   Since  then  there  has  been  a  noticeable  improve-  or  Ruxton, 
ment  in  the  gardens  of  the  members,  which  are  of  a  small  and  very  Maryland 
informal  character.    At  its  meetings  there  is  always  an  exhibit  of 
flowers  in  season,  personal  discussions  on  growing  flowers  and  vege- 
tables, or  paid  lecturers. 

Last  year  the  Club  bought  sixty  varieties  of  Tulips  from  Mr. 
Chester  Hunt,  which  were  given  to  the  members,  and  the  results 
exhibited  at  the  May  Tulip  Show.  Next  day  the  Tulips  were  taken  to 
the  Flower  Mart  held  by  the  Civic  League  and  sold  for  $79. 

This  year  Iris  roots  of  named  varieties,  also  Jonquils,  were  given 
to  the  members  to  be  grown  and  exhibited  in  1921.  Two  of  our  mem- 
bers had  four  exhibits  at  the  Iris  Show  held  in  Philadelphia  last  June 
and  were  awarded  three  second  prizes.  The  Club  exhibited  flowers  at 
the  County  Fair  in  September  and  in  competition  with  other  clubs  won 
blue  ribbons  and  money  prizes. 

Flowers  were  sent  during  May,  June  and  July  to  hospitals,  and  the 
altar  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  Ruxton,  is  supplied  with  flowers  from 
the  members'  gardens. 

It  is  the  object  of  our  Club  to  do  something  every  year  to  com- 
memorate the  Garden  Club  and  beautify  the  neighborhood.   An  Oak 

41 


Tree  with  an  appropriate  bronze  tablet  has  been  planted  at  Ruxton 
station  in  honor  of  the  men  of  Baltimore  County  who  served  in  the 
war.  We  have  an  exchange  of  plants  and  seeds  every  year,  and  the 
Winter  months  are  helped  by  the  thoughts  of  flowers  that  will  be  bom 
again  for  us  in  the  Spring. 

.  Mrs.  Ernest  L.  Dinning,  President. 

Rye  Garden        During  the  year  ending  October  5th,  the  Rye  Garden  Club  held  19 
Club,  meetings.    From  April  to  October,  inclusive,  regular  meetings  were 
New  York  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  each  month,  informal  meetings  on  the 
third  Tuesday. 

The  meetings  included  four  Lectures  and  six  Field  Days.  On 
Field  Days  the  Club  members  visited,  by  invitation,  various  gardens 
in  Long  Island,  New  Jersey  and  Westchester  County. 

During  the  summer  of  1919  the  Club  undertook  the  flowering  of 
East  View  Hospital  and  this  Summer  is  supplying  vegetables  to  the 
United  Hospital,  Port  Chester. 

In  August,  1919,  a  competition  was  held  among  the  Club  mem- 
bers for  the  planting  of  grounds  and  garden  of  the  Quilting  Bee  in 
Rye.  Blue-prints  of  the  grounds  were  given  to  each  member,  and 
prizes  awarded  for  the  best  plans. 

Each  Spring  the  Club  holds  a  Bulb  or  Flower  Show  and  each  Fall 
a  Harvest  Show.  Entries  for  the  Harvest  Show  are  open  to  the  public 
and  exhibits  include  vegetables,  fruit,  canned  goods,  cakes  and  pies. 
In  May  of  this  year  the  Presidents  of  six  Garden  Clubs  in  the  vicin- 
ity met  in  Rye  at  the  invitation  of  the  Rye  Garden  Club  and  discussed 
the  possibilities  of  a  combined  Flower  Show.  It  is  now  hoped  that  this 
may  be  held  in  the  Spring  of  192 1. 

Grace  W.  T.  Putnam,  President  Rye  Garden  Club. 
(Mrs.  a.  William  Putnam) 

Garden        January  19,  1920.    Annual  Meeting  at  residence  of  Mrs.  Chas. 
Club  of  H.  Graves. 
Santa  Bar-       The  Club  work  is  in  charge  of  the  following  committees: 
-   BARA  AND         Publicity,  Exchange  of  Plants,  New  Plants,  Photography,  Entertain- 
MoNTECiTO,  ment,   Meeting   Places,   Membership,   Programs,   Librarian,   Special 
California  Correspondent  for  Bulletin. 

February  23.  Meeting  at  residence  of  Mrs.  Ralph  Isham.  Address 
by  Hon.  Thomas  Nelson  Page. 

March  25.  Special  Meeting  near  Old  Mission  to  dedicate  the 
Victory  Trees,  a  group  of  Olives,  to  commemorate  the  successful 
termination  of  the  World  War.  After  dedication  a  meeting  was  held 
at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Rowland  Hazard. 

April  5.  Meeting  at  residence  of  Mrs.  W.  M.  Leeds.  Address  by 
Prof.  Gregg  of  the  University  of  California.  Subject:  History  of 
Landscape  Gardening  and  Design  for  Small  Home  Gardens. 

42 


April  30.  Special  Meeting  at  ranch  of  Mrs.  J.  H.  Moore,  to  view 
the  Wild  Flowers. 

May  3.  Meeting  at  residence  of  Mrs.  George  C.  Kendall.  Address 
by  Sydney  B.  Mitchell.   Subject:  Iris. 

May  27.  Special  Meeting  to  view  the  Rose  gardens  of  three  mem- 
bers, followed  by  meeting  at  residence  of  Mrs.  H.  K.  Elston.  Address 
by  C.  Franchesci  Fenzi.    Subject:    Gardens  of  Italy  and  England. 

August  2.  Meeting  at  residence  of  Mrs.  C.  B.  Raymond.  Address 
by  P.  A.  Vincent.  Subject:  Dahlias.  Also  address  by  E.  Malis. 
Subject:  Seasonable  Planting. 

October  4.  Meeting  at  residence  of  Mrs.  W.  G.  Henshaw.  Address 
by  E.  S.  Kellogg,  County  Horticulturist.   Subject:  Garden  Pests. 

In  addition  to  the  above  meetings  there  have  been  held  four 
executive  meetings  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Edwin  H.  Sawyer. 

The  Club  is  composed  of  one  hundred  regular  members  and  two 
honorary  members. 

Mary  Otis  Isham,  Secretary, 

After  the  two  years  in  which  our  Club  was  drawn  somewhat  out  Shaker 
of  its  regular  line  of  thought,  owing  to  the  desire  of  aU  our  members  Lakes  Gar- 
to  do  everything  possible  for  the  comfort  of  our  soldiers,  we  have  den  Club, 
returned  to  the  peaceful  tenor  of  our  way  and  have  had  as  the  dominant  Cleveland, 
note  of  our  meetings  during  the  past  year  the  study  of  gardens  and  Ohio 
all  things  lovely  in  nature. 

We  very  gladly  welcomed  back  into  our  President's  chair  our 
organizer  and  first  President,  Mrs.  Rogers,  and  it  was  fitting  that 
vmder  her  leadership  we  should  this  year  have  been  accepted  into  the 
Garden  Club  of  America. 

It  was  decided  that  this  year  should  see  all  the  money  in  our 
treasury  spent  for  the  benefit  and  entertainment  of  our  Club,  and 
it  was  also  resolved  that  no  subject  foreign  to  our  original  purpose 
should  be  introduced  at  any  meeting. 

We  have  had  very  interesting  speakers  who  have  talked  to  us  on: 
Arrangement  of  Flowers,  How  to  Raise  Bulbs,  Moths  and  ButterfiieSf 
Evergreens  and  Birds. 

Three  original  papers  were  given  on  Early  Tulips,  Late  Tulips 
and  Impressions  of  the  New  York  Flower  Show. 

During  the  Summer  there  was  a  series  of  garden  parties  planned, 
when  no  programme  was  given,  the  beauty  of  the  gardens  being 
sufficient  entertainment.  One  of  these  meetings  was  held  in  the 
Shakespeare  Garden  in  Wade  Park. 

Only  one  strictly  business  meeting  was  held,  as  the  business  for 
the  most  part  has  been  managed  by  the  Executive  Board  and  brought 
before  the  Club  only  to  be  voted  on. 

We  have  presented  a  bird  bath  to  the  Shaker  Heights  High  School 

43 


and  contributed  $60  toward  Garden  Club  or  America's  Medal  of 
Honorary  Award. 

The  civic  idea  has  not  been  lost  sight  of  during  the  year,  shelter 
houses  being  ornamented  with  vines  and  shrubs. 

Katherine  Ball,  Secretary. 

The  Short        The  Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  after  a  period  of  inaction,  to  take 
Hills  Garden  breath  so  to  speak,  returned  to  garden  interests,  culminating  in  four 
Club,  Flower  Shows. 
New  Jersey        The  Dahlia  Show  in  September,  1919,  visited  by  many  members 
of  the  Garden  Club  of  America,  resulted  in  the  founding  of  the 
Emily  D.  Ren  wick  Medal  through  the  origination  of  a  superb  Dahlia 
by  our  Secretary,  Mrs.  Stout,  which  was  named  for  our  first  President. 
The  proceeds  of  its  sale  created  a  fund  to  be  used  in  establishing  a 
Medal,  bearing  her  name,  which  was  presented  to  the  Garden  Club 
of  America,  to  be  awarded  to  the  member  of  that  organization  attain- 
ing the  greatest  achievement  in  gardening,  or  pertaining  to  gardening, 
in  each  year. 

In  May  a  Daffodil  Show  claimed  our  attention. 

In  June  a  Rose  and  General  Flower  Show  was  held,  in  which  the 
Garden  Clubs  of  Morristown,  Somerset  Hills  and  Summit  co-operated. 

One  hundred  and  thirty-five  members  of  the  Garden  Club  of 
America  were  entertained  at  our  1920  Dahlia  Show,  and  in  the  opinion 
of  our  visitors,  it  surpassed  our  previous  efforts. 

A  Library  devoted  to  garden  subjects  has  been  started  with  about 
seventy-five  volumes,  and  it  is  expected  that  it  will  grow  in  size  and 
usefulness. 

Our  collection  of  colored  lantern  slides,  for  use  in  our  Wild  Flower 
Conservation  propaganda,  now  numbers  one  hundred,  and  with  two 
brief  explanatory  lectures  for  adults  and  children  are  for  general  use 
at  a  small  rental. 

A  plan  for  a  closer  alliance  between  the  Garden  Clubs  of  New 
Jersey,  to  induce  more  intimate  intercourse  and  co-operation  in 
schemes  for  horticultural  progress  that  may  be  beneficial  to  the  State, 
as  weU  as  to  the  Clubs,  promises  interesting  work  for  the  future. 

Anne  T.  Stewart,  President. 
(Mrs.  J.  A.  Stewart,  Jr.) 

Garden  Club         The    Club   membership   has   been   increased    to   seventy-eight. 

OF  Somerset  Business  meetings  are  held  twice  a  month  in  the  morning  at  the 

Hills,  home  of  members.  A  competitive  garden  exhibit  follows  each  meeting 

New  Jersey  at  which  ribbon  awards  are  made  in  three  classes  each  of  flowers  and 

vegetables.  A  member  receiving  a  Blue  Ribbon  is  required  to  give,  on 

request,  full  information  regarding  the  planting  and  culture  of  her 

winning  product. 

In  each  of  the  localities  included  in  the  membership  a  Committee 

44 


now  exists  to  encourage  improvement  in  public  planting.  Unusual 
labor  conditions  have  delayed  the  execution  of  some  of  the  plans  which 
have  been  accepted,  but  a  beginning  has  been  made  which  must  sim- 
plify future  development. 

The  grounds  selected  for  planting  include  the  home  of  the  Visiting 
Nurse,  St.  Luke's  Church,  the  PubHc  Library,  etc. 

This  Club  united  with  Short  Hills,  Morristown  and  Summit  in 
holding  an  open  Flower  Show  at  Short  Hills  on  June  23,  with  the  hope 
of  creating  an  Annual  North  Jersey  Rose  Show  to  be  held  in  turn  under 
the  auspices  of  each  participating  Club.  It  is  proposed  to  hold  it  in 
BernardsviUe  next  year.  At  these  shows  all  amateur  gardeners  of  the 
neighborhood,  including  children,  are  invited  to  compete,  whether 
members  of  Garden  Clubs  or  not. 

The  Club  has  sought  to  influence  local  and  State  Highway  Com- 
missions to  minimize  as  far  as  possible  the  destruction  of  trees  and 
shrubs  when  widening  and  rebuilding  roads. 

Autumn  meetings  of  1920  were  held  during  the  first  week  of 
November.  Of  these  one  was  an  open  lecture  by  Miss  Elizabeth 
Leighton  Lee,  Director  of  the  School  at  Ambler,  given  with  the  double 
purpose  of  inspiring  the  support  of  Garden  Clubs  for  such  Schools 
and  of  informing  young  women  of  the  possibilities  of  Horticulture  as 
a  profession  for  themselves. 

On  November  5th  an  informal  Chrysanthemum  Show  was  held 
for  Club  members  only.  Matilda  H.  Lloyd,  President. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  September,  1919,  the  question  of  the  future  Southampton 
plans  of  the  Club  were  considered.    It  was  decided  to  continue  the  Garden 
Club  and  to  make  a  vigorous  drive  for  new  members.  A  new  Executive  Club,  L.  I., 
Committee  was  elected  and  the  Club  now  has  a  membership  of  thirty.  New  York 

Diuring  the  current  year,  1920,  a  particular  effort  has  been  made  to 
reawaken  the  interest  of  the  members  of  the  Garden  Club,  which 
during  the  years  of  the  war  had,  naturally,  languished. 

The  Executive  Committee  met  in  April,  1920,  and  arranged  a 
summer  schedule. 

June  1 6th.  Business  Meeting.  Prizes  for  Spinach,  Radishes,  Aspar- 
agus, Peonies,  German  Iris,  Lupin,  Columbines. 

June  30th.  Competition  for  best  floral  centre  pieces  for  Luncheon 
or  Dinner  tables.    Prize  for  best  diplay  of  roses.   Walk  in  garden. 

July  14th.  Experience  Meeting.   Prizes  for  Sweet  Peas. 

August  3rd.  Combination  Meeting  with  Garden  Club  of  East 
Hampton  at  Mrs.  Reginald  Barclay's,  Sag  Harbor,  at  3:30  P.  M. 
Lecture  by  Miss  Coffin. 

August  25th.  Garden  Excursions  from  3  to  4:30  P.  M.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  Garden  Club  of  East  Hampton  invited  to  be  our  guests. 

September  15th.   Annual  Meeting.    (Last  meeting  of  the  season.) 

45 


Prizes   for    Celery,  Potatoes,    Ever-bearing    Strawberries,   Grapes, 
Asters,  Japanese  Anemones. 

Emily  Willis  Robbins,  Presideni. 
(Mrs.  H.  p.  Robbins) 

The  Garden        During  the  War  the  Summit  Club  abandoned  its  regular  meetings, 

Club  of  and  the  members  devoted  themselves  to  Red  Cross,  War  Garden  and 

Summit,  Land  Army  Service.     During  the  past  year  the  Club  has  been  simply 

New  Jersey  enjoying  itself.    It  has  met  every  two  weeks  during  the  season,  and  at 

each  meeting  has  had  talks  on  practical  garden  subjects  by  experts. 

Mrs.  McKinney  of  Madison,  N.  J.,  talked  on  The  Bearded  Iris, 
Its  Culture  and  Charm;  Mr.  Manda  of  South  Orange,  on  Trees,  Ever- 
green and  Otherwise,  for  this  section;  Mr.  Lager  of  Lager  &  Hurrell 
of  Summit,  on  Orchids,  and  Mr.  Smith,  from  Bobbink  &  Atkins,  on 
Fertilizers.  Mr.  Totty  of  Madison,  N.  J.,  gave  three  afternoons, 
Roses,  Chrysanthemums,  and  The  Fall  Hardy  Garden. 

Mr.  Rothe  of  Glenside,  Pennsylvania,  gave  a  most  interesting 
talk  on  Rock  Gardens,  showing  about  eighty  colored  slides. 

Our  season  is  closing  with  Mr.  Leonard  Barron  of  Garden  City,  on 
Fall  Gardens  and  Spring  Preparations,  with  slides. 

We  were  able  to  make  some  creditable  exhibits  at  Short  Hills, 
both  in  the  June  Flower  Show  and  in  the  September  Dahlia  Show. 
But  if  it  were  possible  for  us  to  put  into  execution  all  of  the  ideas 
with  which  we  are  bubbling.  Summit  could  not  hold  us. 

We  have  worked  with  the  Summit  Board  of  Trade  in  the  matter  of 
signs  and  have  succeeded  in  modifjdng  to  modest  proportions  those 
announcing  the  location  of  Summit. 

We  hope  to  extend  our  influence  further  in  this  matter. 

Mrs.  John  R.  Todd,  President. 

Garden  Club  The  Garden  Club,  of  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  has  a  membership  of 
\  of  Trenton,  twenty-nine  at  the  present  time.  Monthly  meetings  are  held  from 
a ;  New  Jersey  October  until  June.  Original  papers  are  read  by  members,  garden 
p  topics  are  discussed  and  lectures  given  by  professionals. 

From  the  proceeds  of  an  illustrated  lecture  given  last  Winter  by 
Dr.  Reik  of  New  York,  and  donations  from  some  of  the  Club  members, 
we  were  enabled  to  plant  shrubbery  and  boxwood  in  the  grounds  of  the 
Old  Barracks,  a  Colonial  landmark  in  Trenton,  built  in  17  58  and  used 
for  quartering  troops  during  the  Revolution.  The  Club  also  sent 
perennials  to  be  planted  in  the  grounds  of  the  Camp  Dix  Hospital. 
In  September  the  Club  presented  a  silver  cup  as  a  prize  for  the  best 
Dahlia  in  the  Annual  Show  of  the  Trenton  Dahlia  Society,  a  large 
organization  made  up  of  amateur  gardeners  from  all  parts  of  the  city. 
After  the  Annual  Meeting  in  October  we  had  an  exhibit  of  Autumn 
flowers  from  our  gardens. 

The  President  has  appointed  a  Committee  to  work  out  some  plan 

46 


for  the  "Preservation  of  Wild  Flowers,"  as  we  feel  that  educational 
work  along  this  line  is  very  much  needed  in  our  vicinity.  The  Pro- 
gramme Committee  is  planning,  in  addition  to  our  regular  meetings,  a 
Flower  Show  of  Spring  bulbs  early  in  May,  and  an  excursion  to  some 
interesting  garden  within  motoring  distance  of  Trenton. 

The  Garden  Club  of  Twenty,  though  such  a  small  organization,  The  Garden 
has  had  a  very  successful  year,  our  chief  activities  being  our  con-   Club  of 
tributions  toward  the  "French  Orphan"  Funds  and  toward  the  Twenty, 
"Home  Garden"  work  in  Baltimore,  which  is  of  immense  benefit  to  Maryland 
the  health  and  home  making  interest  of  the  people  of  Baltimore.  We 
also  gave  of  our  time  and  money  toward  the  "Flower  Mart,"  which 
is  a  Flower  Bazaar  held  annually  in  Washington  Square. 

Our  (during  war  time)  somewhat  interrupted  interest  in  our 
gardens  has  been  revived  and  we  had  a  most  successful  competition  in 
the  Spring  for  the  Prettiest  Garden;  the  Best  Kept  Garden;  the  Most 
Bloom  in  the  Garden;  the  Best  Conditioned  Plants;  the  Best  Color 
Scheme. 

Mrs.  W.  Champlin  Robinson, 
President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  Twenty. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  meetings,  many  entertaining  and  in-   Ulster  Gar- 
structive  outdoor  afternoons  were  arranged  by  the  Program  Com-  den  Club  of 
mittee.  In  the  Spring  a  bird  picnic  was  held  in  a  grave  famous  for  its  New  York 
numerous  varieties  of  warblers,  and  later  an  afternoon  was  spent  in 
another  grove  of  historic  interest  where  the  land  slopes  down  to  the 
Hudson  at  the  point  where  the  first  steamboat  landed.  In  September 
we  heard  a  talk  on  "Mushrooms"  by  one  of  our  members  who  has 
made  a  study  of  the  fungi  and  has  many  varieties  on  her  place.  We 
have  given  a  few  minutes  at  each  meeting  to  the  wild  flowers  and 
also  have  set  aside  Saturdays  in  June  for  visitors  to  our  gardens.  , 

As  the  result  of  a  lecture  on  Dahlias  by  Mrs.  Stout,  our  Club  has 
specialized  on  Dahlia  culture  this  year,  most  of  the  members  experi- 
menting with  only  a  few  tubers  and  seeds,  as  this  plant  has  not  been 
successfully  grown  by  us  in  previous  years.  Late  in  September  we 
devoted  one  afternoon  to  the  distribution  of  bulbs,  seeds  and  plants 
to  any  of  our  townspeople  who  might  call  for  them,  and  were  delighted 
to  find  how  many  people  were  thus  made  happy. 

One  interesting  meeting  in  September  was  held  at  the  home  of 
Mrs.  Birge  Harrison  in  Woodstock,  where  Mr.  Harrison  gave  us  an 
entertaining  talk  on  Gardens  of  American  Indians. 

In  October  we  listened  to  an  illustrated  talk  on  Bees,  given  by 
John  Aspinwall  of  Newburgh.  Our  committee  on  Photography  reports 
that  the  Club  has  about  seventy  slides  of  diflferent  gardens.  Our 
President  has  appointed  a  Committee  to  publish  in  our  daily  papers 
little  articles  on  gardening  that  may  be  useful  to  the  public. 

47 


We  have  had  several  exhibits  of  flowers  arranged  in  the  windows 
of  an  attractive  store,  the  location  being  such  that  many  people  might 
enjoy  it.    Especially  beautiful  was  one  display  of  Mushrooms. 

Charlotte  W.  Tappen. 

Warrenton        The  year  19 19  found  the  Warrenton  Garden  Club  indifferent  about 

Garden  undertaking  any  work  which  I  can  report.  Like  all  the  other  clubs  we 

Club,  had  been  active  in  war  work  and  the  reaction  had  set  in.   A  roadside 

Virginia  Committee  was  mildly  at  work  as  we  are  ever  watchful  of  our  lovely 

roadsides,  and  we  held  the  usual  Flower  Show  in  the  Town  Hall. 

Fourteen  meetings  were  held,  at  one  of  which  was  a  very  good  showing 

of  Roses,  at  another  Peonies,  and  interest  was  awakening  again. 

Our  environment  does  not  permit  of  much  work  along  civic  lines, 
nor  does  the  inclination  of  most  of  our  members,  so  that  1920  cannot 
boast  of  much  more  work  accompHshed  than  1919,  but  beginning  in 
March,  when  our  first  Narcissus  appeared,  until  now,  October  27th, 
when  most  of  the  annuals  are  at  their  best,  thanks  to  a  marvellous 
Autumn,  we  have  had  delightful  meetings  with  a  large  attendance  for 
a  club  of  but  thirty  members. 

On  June  3d  Mrs.  Fowler,  from  the  Shaw  Aquatic  Gardens  in 
Washington,  gave  us  a  lecture  with  lantern  slides. 

The  second  week  in  June  we  held  the  Annual  Flower  Show  in  the 
Town  Hall.  These  shows  are  free  and  have  been  of  very  real  value  in 
promoting  the  love  of  gardening  in  the  town  and  vicinity. 

A  little  later  in  June  we  met  in  a  garden  by  moonlight  and  heard  the 
Choral  Club  sing.  Mr.  Crosby  gave  us  a  lecture  at  View  Tree,  and,  of 
course,  we  have  had  meetings  where  we  exchanged  ideas  and  plants. 

We  have  had  amusing  and  instructive  original  papers  in  poetry 
and  prose.  Cannot  these  be  considered  good  works  in  these  over- 
crowded and  short-handed  days? 

In  May  Mrs.  Fell  and  I  went  to  Richmond  on  the  invitation  of  the 
James  River  Garden  Club  to  be  present  at  the  formation  of  a  Federa- 
tion of  Virginia  Garden  Clubs,  of  which  there  are  seven.  This  was  the 
most  notable  event  of  1920.        Mary  P.  A.  Appleton,  President. 

Washington        An  important  accomplishment  of  the  year  1919-1920  has  been 

Garden  the  completion  of  plans  for  improving  the  appearance  of  the  centre  of 

Club,  the  Village  Green.    These  have  been  made  in  co-operation  with  the 

Connecticut  Village  Improvement  Society  and  consist  in  planting  a  hedge  and 

shrubs  and  extending  a  sidewalk,  etc.  The  balance  left  in  our  treasury 

from  our  successful  War  Farm  Unit  makes  this  possible.  It  will  enable 

us  also  to  buy  important  gardening  books  which  will  be  placed  on  the 

Garden  Club  shelves  in  the  Village  Library,  and  to  put  into  permanent 

form  several  valuable  papers  written  by  members. 

The  letters  to  members  of  the  Retail  Florists  Association  were 
sent.   No  signs  have  appeared  in  this  vicinity. 

48 


The  following  lectures  have  been  given  to  the  Club: 

Mr.  Clarence  E.  Lee  of  New  Milford,  Practical  Methods  for  the 
Home  Garden. 

Prof.  Crandall  of  Storrs  Agricultural  College,  Bee  Culture. 

Mr.  Herbert  W.  Faulkner  of  Washington,  Fertilization  of  Plants 
(illustrated  with  charts  and  models  from  Hamilton  Gibson's  designs). 

Mr,  Totty  of  Madison,  New  Jersey,  Hardy  Fall  Flowers  (illus- 
trated with  specimens  from  his  nursery). 

Mr.  E.  D.  Holmes  of  Hartford,  Marvellous  Wild  Flowers  (illus- 
trated with  remarkable  photographs  taken  by  Mr.  Holmes). 

Planting  a  Small  Garden,  Walter  Pritchard  Eaton. 

The  Rock  Garden,  Mr.  Clarence  Lown. 

Liveable  Gardens,  Mrs.  Searing. 

Nut  Culture,  Dr.  Robert  T.  Morris. 

M.  V.  K.  Shipman,  President. 

Last  Spring,  the  "Weeders"  had  charge  of  a  booth  at  the  Ritten-  "The 
house  Square  Flower  Market,  which  was  originally  planned  as  a  means  Weeders," 
of  obtaining  fun,ds  for  the  planting  and  upkeep  of  the  square,  and  Pennsyl- 
through  their  efforts  were  able  to  contribute  one  thousand. dollars.       vania 

Eighteen  "Weeders"  took  a  most  interesting  course  last  Winter  on 
the  History  of  Landscape  Gardening,  given  by  Mr.  Fletcher  Street, 
and  have  undertaken  to  keep  charts  showing  the  duration  of  bloom 
in  their  flower  gardens. 

With  three  other  Garden  Clubs,  they  were  hostesses  at  a  lecture 
with  moving  pictures  of  English  Garden  Cities. 

They  co-operated  \m\h  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Civic 
Association  at  the  Bellevue-Stratford,  Philadelphia. 

Two  new  Committees  have  been  appointed,  as  follows: 

A  Program  Committee,  whose  Chairman  will  arrange  a  schedule 
of  meetings,  flower  shows,  lectures,  excursions,  etc.,  for  the  year. 

A  Wild  Flower  Committee  for  the  study  and  exhibition  of  wild 
flowers,  and  the  protection  of  same. 

During  this  past  Fall,  the  "  Weeders  "  have  undertaken  the  grading, 
seeding  and  planting  of  a  piece  of  ground  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and 
South  streets,  adjoining  the  Diocesan  Church.  While  lying  within  the 
colored  belt  of  the  city,  it  is  at  the  same  time  conspicuous  because 
of  the  trafl&c  on  Broad  Street.  This  is  the  first  undertaking  for  civic 
improvement  that  the  Club  has  engaged  in,  and  they  hope  that  the 
sentiment  for  projects  of  this  sort  will  be  stimulated  by  this  work. 

Members  of  the  Club  have  continued  their  interest  in  the  three 
School  Gardens,  originated  by  the  "Weeders,"  on  the  Main  Line,  and 
have  encouraged  garden  work  by  distributing  seeds  and  plants. 

Martha  Pepper  Stengel,  President. 
(Mrs.  Alfred  Stengle). 

49 


The  Garden         The  Garden  Club  of  Wilmington,  Delaware,  organized  during  the 

Club  of  war,  confined  its  activities  primarily  to  co-operating  with  the  City 

Wilmington,  War  Gardens  and  the  following  year  to  reconstruction  work,  turned 

Delaware  this  year  with  zest  to  the  delights  of  its  individual  gardens  and  to 

making  a  contribution  to  civic  improvement  by  the  planting  of  a 

triangle  at  the  intersection  of  three  important  streets  in  the  centre  of 

the  city. 

Besides  the  pleasure  of  a  closer  acquaintance  with  each  other's 
gardens,  real  benefit  has  followed  interesting  lectures  at  winter  meet- 
ings. It  was  pleasant  to  see  more  and  lovelier  Water  Lilies  blooming  as 
a  tribute  to  Mrs.  Fowler's  illustrated  lecture,  more  shapely  fruit  trees, 
thanks  to  Miss  Exley's  talk  on  pruning,  etc. 

Visits  were  made  to  see  comprehnesive  collections  of  Tulips,  Iris, 
Peonies,  Lilacs  and  DahHas.  That  no  one  can  see  the  perfection  to 
which  intelligence  and  care  has  brought  these  lovely  flowers  without 
being  inspired  to  go  and  do  likewise,  is  proof  of  the  value  of  these 
pilgrimages. 

If  hope  springs  eternal  anyhwere  it's  surely  in  the  garden's  breast, 
and  for  the  following  year  we  anticipate  even  greater  effort  and  cor- 
responding results. 

Ethel  H.  du  Pont,  President. 
(Mrs.  W.  K.  du  Pont.) 

Departments 

Garden  What  a  Fall  it  has  been  for  planting!  Lucky  is  the  woman  who 
Miscellany  decided  to  make,  or  remake,  her  garden  this  Fall  instead  of  waiting 
until  Spring.  Plants  which  were  set  out  October  ist  have  had  time 
to  make  a  superb  root  growth.  Indeed,  the  weather  has  been  so  balmy 
that  some  plants  have  become  befuddled  thinking  it  was  Spring,  for  I 
find  flowers  on  the  Japanese  Quince,  Apples,  Crabs  and  Forsythia. 

And  what  a  season  for  those  latest  flowers  that  one  hesitates  to 
plant  because  they  are  nearly  always  ruined  by  early  frost — the 
Japanese  Anemones,  Chrysanthemums,  Climax  Aster,  and  Cosmos! 

The  Autumn  has  brought  many  important  Flower  Shows.  I  have 
never  seen  a  professional  show  as  charmingly  arranged,  -nor  in  as 
artistic  surroundings,  as  that  just  given  in  Morristown  by  the  Gar- 
dener's Association  of  the  County.  The  nearby  Garden  Clubs  worked 
with  the  professionals  on  the  Committee  of  Decorations,  and  it  was 
a  very  happy  blending  of  excellent  taste  and  professional  perfection. 
They  were  most  fortunate  in  using  an  old  building,  whose  dull  stone 
interior  walls  and  old  brick  trim  made  a  perfect  background  for  the 
Autumn  leaves  and  tall  Cedars,  with  which  the  space  was  trimmed. 
Wide,  tall  windows  let  in  quantities  of  light.  The  display  benches 
were  entirely  covered  with  leaves  and  greenery,  and  the  blessed 

50 


absence  of  advertisements  of  any  kind,  or  uncouth  vases,  made  it  an 
entrancing,  well-planned  picture,  as  well  as  a  show  of  the  first  rank. 

The  Short  Hills  Garden  Club  has  set  a  standard  for  Flower  Shows 
that  has  hardly  been  equalled  in  America — Mrs.  Stout's  DahHas 
alone  are  worth  a  trip  from  San  Francisco. 

But  the  many  smaller  Flower  Shows  are  gaining  in  excellence.  The 
Philipstown  Club  has  a  unique  show  in  late  September  in  an  old 
Colonial  House.  They  made  a  specialty  of  interesting  the  country 
people  for  miles  around.  The  Rumson  Club  had  a  remarkably 
beautiful  show  in  Mrs.  Borden's  exquisite  garden. 

When  these  shows  can  be  held  out  of  doors,  with  natural  back- 
ground in  sunUght  and  shadow,  they  are  especially  lovely;  but  this  is 
very  difficult.  This  year  the  East  Hampton  Club  placed  their  frailest 
exhibitions  in  the  quaint  Library  building  to  be  judged,  and  later 
moved  them  out  into  the  court  and  onto  the  shady  Library  lawn,  where 
the  larger  collections  of  plants  had  already  been  shown.  This  entailed 
much  labor  but  was  worth  it. 

There  is  a  growing  interest  in  the  class  of  exhibits  called  "Artistic  New  Ar- 
Arrangement  of  Flowers."   Indeed,  there  were  so  many  at  one  July  rangement 
show  that  they  had  to  be  divided  into  classes:   Arrangements  for  Classes 
Dinner  Table.    Arrangements  for  Side  Table.  Small  Arrangement  for 
Living  Room.    Large  Arrangement  for  Living  Room.    Dainty  Ar- 
rangement for  Boudoir.     SimpHcity  should  be  an  important  consid- 
eration. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  names  of  the  hardy  Chrysanthemums  Hardy  Chr ys- 
much  admired  at  the  Morristown  Show:  anthemums 

Beatrice  (Old  gold);  Ida  Skiff  (bronzy  amber);  Mrs.  Albert  Phillip 
(deep  lavender-pink;  early);  Mrs.  Max  Behr  (chestnut  scarlet;  the 
exact  shade  used  for  Chrysanthemums  on  the  old  Japanese  lacquer). 
These  are  medium  sized,  rather  shaggy,  and  suitable  for  borders  or 
picking.  They  can  be  bought  from  Chas.  N.  Totty,  Madison,  N.  J. 
Among  the  Pink  Pom-Pom  section,  nothing  has  been  found  to  equal 
Lillian  Doty. 

There  is  a  new  type  of  small  flowered,  single  Dahlia,  put  out  by 
Mr.  Totty,  called  "Star  DahHa."  The  pink  one,  Infield  Star, 
looks  just  like  a  Japanese  Anemone — the  same  size,  and  most  useful  in 
the  back  of  the  borders  with  Michaelmas  Daisies,  as  they  come  much 
earlier  than  Cosmos.  They  will  be  listed  in  Totty's  Spring  catalogue, 
at  $i.oo  each. 

The  double,  pink  Cosmos  is  one  of  the  few  flowers  that  I  think 
is  really  improved  by  its  doubhng,  and  then  only  for  cut  flower  use. 
The  center  is  so  unusually  soft  and  pretty,  and  it  takes  away  that 
spotty,  yellow  eye,  which  does  not  blend  as  well  with  the  pink  as  with 
the  white.  A.  G.  H. 

51 


Garden  For  forcing  Calceolarias  and  Cinerarias  the  best  artificial  manure 
Pests  and  ^^^  been  found  to  be  >^  oz.  superphosphate  and  14.  oz.  sulphate  of 
Remedies  Potash,  dissolved  in  i>^  gallons  of  water,  and  watered  in  as  needed. 

Mildew  During  a  damp  Autumn  when  temperature  is  fairly  high,  mildew 
is  commonly  a  great  pest  in  the  garden.  There  seems  to  be  an  idea 
that  the  mould  is  chiefly  confined  to  Roses  and  Vines,  but,  in  some 
form  or  another,  it  will  appear  on  a  great  many  plants.  Mildew  is,  of 
course,  the  growth  of  a  parasitic  fungus,  and  it  may  spread  alarmingly 
in  twenty-four  hours.  Foliage  and  fruit  may  be  so  badly  affected  that 
the  grower  is  filled  with  dismay.  With  mildew  there  is  nothing  that 
matters  so  much  as  prompt  treatment.  Even  the  smallest  patch  of 
mildew  should  not  be  tolerated,  and  when  the  little  white  specks  begin 
to  appear,  take  drastic  action  at  once.  For  mildew  there  is  nothing  so 
good  as  flowers  of  sulphur.  If  the  foliage  is  dry,  syringe  well  in  the 
evening,  and  then  dust  well  with  the  dry  sulphur. 

— Gardening  Illustrated,. 

Recipe  for         Sulphuride  thickened  with  enough  Bordeaux  powder  to  make  it 
Rabbit  Ex-   thick  enough  to  use  as  a  paint,  and  with  a  brush  in  the  Fall  paint  all  the 
TERMINATOR  lower  limbs  of  young  fruit  trees,  roses,  grapes,  etc.,  which  rabbits 
attack.  Paint  high  enough  from  the  ground  in  case  of  deep  snow. 

Martha  B.  Hutcheson. 

Field  Mice         Mrs.  Crowninshield  tells  us  of  a  positive  preventive  for  the  in- 
roads of  field  mice  on  our  roses  and  fruit  trees: 

Before  covering  for  the  winter,  paint  the  stems  with  a  strong  solu- 
tion of  arsenate  of  lead. . 

Romayne  Latta  Warren. 

News  and  Massachusetts  has  been  sorely  tried  by  the  grievous  scourge  of 
Views  sign-boards  which  cover  her  fair  fields.  Like  Job,  she  has  groaned 
beneath  the  plague,  and  although  her  courts  have  judged  it  uncon- 
stitutional to  abolish  the  bill-boards,  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
has  been  enacted  authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  commission  to  con- 
trol and  regulate  these  offensive  advertisements. 

The  North  Shore  Garden  Club  has  entered  into  the  fray  with  much 
warmth.  Members  have  attended  all  the  hearings  undaunted  by  the 
emphatic  disapproval  of  the  bill-board  manufacturers  and  their 
attorney,  Mr.  Tuttle,  who  is  far  from  being  a  sucking-dove.  The 
climax  of  his  indignation  at  such  an  attempted  interference  with  the 
rights  of  property  came  when,  with  a  gesture  of  "f rightfulness,"  he 
shook  his  fist  in  the  face  of  our  delegate  and  cried  out  a  warning 
against "  t^ese  Bolshevists  from  above."  The  Club  has  engaged  a  very 
able  lawyer,  who,  mth  the  help  of  representatives  of  other  groups  of 
people  interested  in  the  matter,  has  drawn  up  and  presented  for 
adoption  resolutions  looking  toward  the  abatement  of  the  nuisance. 

^2 


BiLLBO.AJlD 

Nuisance 


The  programme  for  reform  proposes  that  all  signs  within  500  feet 
of  the  highway  should  not  have  a  larger  area  than  10  square  feet,  which 
means  a  sign  only  2  feet  by  5  feet;  and  that  signs  at  a  further  distance 
should  not  exceed  100  square  feet,  or  10  feet  square;  that  no  natural 
object  such  as  a  boulder  or  fine  tree  be  defaced  by  advertising;  that  no 
pictures  be  permitted  on  bill-boards;  and  that  at  the  intersection  of 
roads  no  biU-board  be  permitted  to  interfere  with  the  clear  vision  of 
the  motorist.  Finally,  it  is  proposed  that  a  system  of  "zones"  be  gen- 
erally adopted  whereby  certain  residential  districts  may  obtain  com- 
plete immunity. 

Our  hopes  are  high,  but  at  any  rate  we  feel  it  an  object  well  worth 
our  diligent  effort,  and  we  hope  that  other  Garden  Clubs  may  work  for 
the  same  end. 

Our  correspondent  from  the  James  River  Garden  Club  writes  that  Virginia 
they  feature  a  Plant  Sale  in  the  Spring  and  Fall,  the  money  going  to  Plants  From 
their  lecture  fund  and  other  objects.  The  prices  for  plants  are  small  and  Historic 
there  is  a  ready  sale  for  hardy  flowers.  Trees  of  Dogwood,  their  State  Gardens 
flower,  and  of  the  Harrison  Yellow  Rose,  their  Club  flower,  are  always 
to  be  had.   Many  old-fashioned  flowers  such  as  Cowslips  from  Shirley, 
and  Daffodils  from  Tuckahoe,  have  been  secured  by  those  who  like  a 
memory  garden.  One  of  their  most  beautiful  shrubs,  the  Crepe  Myrtle, 
which  blooms  from  June  to  October,  could  be  weU  adapted  to  tub  cul- 
ture for  the  Northern  gardens  if  protected  in  pit  or  greenhouse  in 
Winter.  It  can  be  had  in  four  colors — pink,  cerise,  lilac  and  white. 

The  Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton  made  an  interesting  experi-  Tulip 
ment  last  Fall  when  it  ordered  from  Chester  Hunt  sixty  varieties  of  Exhibition 
Tulip  bulbs  and  distributed  them  to  its  members  with  the  request  that 
the  resultant  blooms  be  watched,  and  exhibited  in  the  Spring.  As  each 
one  bloomed,  its  proud  possessor  showed  it  at  a  garden  meeting. 
The  first  was  the  early  and  charming  Kaufmannia,  and  the  last  of  the 
exhibit  of  thirty-three  varieties,  shown  together,  was  on  the  twelfth 
of  May. 

We  learned  much  from  the  idea,  for  instance,  that  the  lovely  Clara 
Butt,  she  of  the  enchanting  color  and  disappearing  habit,  is  not  the  best 
pink  Tulip  but  is  surpassed  by  Princess  Elizabeth,  a  flower  of  longer 
stem  and  much  greater  substance,  and  of  equally  exquisite  shade.  To 
our  collective  mind,  Euterpe  was  the  best  and  most  vivid  of  the  mauve 
shades,  notwithstanding  Ewbank's  silvery  lavender  which  we  have 
always  greatly  cherished. 

We  found  that  one  of  the  most  beautiful  kinds  is  the  Vitellina, 
very  early  and  of  a  primrose  color  so  delicate  that  it  looks  like  a  pale 
ray  of  sun  in  early  Spring — it  has  a  fascinating  green  rib  down  the 
middle  of  each  petal  which  adds  to  its  tender  loveliness.  We  think 
Pride  of  Harlaam  has  a  rival  to  its  claim  of  being  the  best  red,  that 

53 


Le  Reve  is  the  queen  of  all  tulips.  We  feel  that  now  we  are  really 
authorities  on  the  tulip  subject,  and  that  the  money  was  well  spent  in 
spite  of  a  sadly  depleted  treasury. 

Interesting  The  Experimental  Garden  which  the  Garden  Club  of  Easthampton 
Experiment  started  with  so  much  interest  this  Spring,  is  making  real  progress  and 
IN  Raising  is  watched  with  great  anticipation  by  its  members.  A  year  ago,  Del- 
Delphinium  phinium  seeds  were  purchased  from  several  English  seedsmen  and 
sown  in  sterilized  soil  about  December  first.  This  Spring  when  the 
plants  were  large  enough  to  transplant,  a  plot  6f  ground — 40  by  40 
feet — was  fenced  off,  manured  and  limed,  and  some  eight  or  ten 
members  of  the  Club  met,  armed  with  spades  and  watering  pots,  and 
many  dozens  of  strong  little  seedlings  were  set  out  in  rows.  It  was  very 
amusing  working  together.  Once  a  week  small  committees  of  three  or 
four  kept  the  little  garden  thoroughly  cultivated  and  in  order.  The 
result  was  that  by  Fall  there  were  many  remarkably  sturdy  plants  of  a 
large  variety  of  shades  of  blue,  the  lovely  EngHsh  "Belladonna" 
variety  prevailing.  This  being  a  little  too  pale  in  color,  we  chose  sev- 
eral of  our  strongest  plants  with  the  best  foHage  and  the  blue  nearest 
to  our  needs, — these  plants  have  been  carefully  separated  from  the 
rest,  and  another  Summer  will  be  cross-fertiHzed  and  their  seeds  sown 
in  fertilized  soil,  and  the  results  watched  with  keenest  interest. 

We  have  also  received  many  more  packages  of  foreign  seeds.  They 
will  be  sown  as  before,  and  set  out  in  the  Spring  with  the  hopes  of  find- 
ing the  perfect  blue,  not  too  pale  for  full  sunlight,  and  which  will 
shine  in  the  shade  without  being  too  deep  in  color  for  all  gardens.  This 
year's  plants  have  been  sold  to  members  of  the  Club  to  pay  for  ex- 
penses incurred  while  carrying  on  the  experiment. 

Advice  to        Mrs.  Ordway  of  the  Easthampton  Garden  Club  was  asked  how  she 

Raspberry  succeeded  in  raising  such  quantities  of  Everbearing  Raspberries  this 

Growers  season.    She  repHed,  "By  irrigating  the  vines  between  the  rows,  and 

applying  commercial  fertilizer  in  July."  The  flavor  of  the  berries  was 

excellent  and  continuous  until  the  very  last  of  October. 

Egyptian  The  garden  of  Mrs.  Samuel  Taft,  President  of  the  Cincinnati 
Sweet  Pea  Garden  Club,  is  attracting  new  interest  of  gardeners  the  country  over 
because  of  a  small  sky-blue  blossom — an  Egyptian  Sweet  Pea — given 
to  Mrs.  Taft  last  Spring  by  Miss  Eva  Keys,  who  has  always  been  keen- 
ly interested  in  Egyptology.  The  Honorary  Secretary  of  the  Egyptian 
Exploration  Society  of  Boston  gave  her  the  seed,  the  original  of  which 
was  found  in  the  hand  of  a  mummy. 

The  Uttle  blossom  is  a  curious  but  beautiful  shade  of  blue,  and  in- 
quiries from  gardeners  all  over  the  country  are  being  received  by  Mrs. 
Taft.  So  far  as  is  known,  it  is  the  only  plant  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 

54   • 


On  October  27  th  the  Morristown  Garden  Club  gave  a  luncheon  at   Autumn 
the  Golf  Club,  at  which  were  present  sixty  members  of  the  six  New  Exhibit 
Jersey  Garden  Clubs,  representing  Trenton,  Princeton,  Seabright,   with  Spring 
Summit,  Short  Hills,  and  Bernardsville.  Flowers 

Later  the  guests  were  taken  to  the  Annual  Flower  Show  of  the  Mor- 
ris County  Gardeners'  and  Florists'  Society,  which  celebrated  its 
twenty-fourth  anniversary  with  the  best  exhibition  of  the  kind  ever 
held  in  the  county. 

Chrysanthemums  predominated,  with  a  fine  display  of  Roses, 
Dahlias,  Carnations,  and  several  tables  of  vegetables  and  fruits.  Car- 
rots and  Parsnips  were  shown  nearly  a  yard  in  length,  together  with 
single  entries  of  Green  Figs,  Raspberries  and  Strawberries.  Owing  to 
the  continuance  of  mild  weather.  Dahlias  had  a  place  for  the  first 
time  at  a  late  October  exhibit  in  this  section.  Among  the  rarest  blos- 
soms in  the  flower  display  was  a  bowl  of  Bovardia  placed  in  a  class  by 
itself,  as  was  also  a  grouping  of  Orchids;  Violets,  too,  competed  in  this 
Autumn  show. 

M,  H.  B.  McKnight. 


Special  Plant  Societies 


American  Carnation  Society 

A.  F.  J.  Bauer,  Sec'y.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Chrysanthemum  Society  of  America 

C.  W.  Johnson  Sec'y,  2243  W.  logth  St., 

Chicago,  III. 

American  Dahlia  Society 

E.  C  Vick,  Sec'y,  20$  Elwood  Ave. 

Newark.  N.  J. 

National  Dahlia  Society 

R.  W.  Gill,  Sec'y.  Portland.  Oregon 

California  Dahlia  Society 

N.  F.  Vanderbilt.  Sec'y,  723  Fifth  Si., 

San  Rafael,  Cal. 

Southern  Dahlia  Society 

W.  E.  Claflin,  Sec'y  .College  Park,  Md. 


American  Gladiolus  Society 

.■1.  C.  Beats,  Sec'y,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

American  Iris  Society' 

R.  S.  Sturtevant,  Sec'y.  Wellesley  Farms,  Mass 

American  Peony  Society 

A   P.  Saunders.  Sec'y,  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

Northwestern  Peony  and  Iris  Society 

W.  F.  Christman.  Sec'y,  3804  Fifth  Ave. 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 

American  Rose  Society 

Prof.  E.  A.  While,  Sec'y.  Cornell  University, 

Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

American  Sweet  Pea  Society 

William  Gray,  Sec'y.  Bellevue  Rd., 

Newport,  R.  I. 


In  being  urged  to  join  the  Special  Plant  Societies,  the  question  al- 
ways arises,  "What  do  I  get  out  of  the  Rose-Iris-Peony-DaUia,  etc., 
Society?" 

Aside  from  the  excellent  Bulletins  which  these  societies  issue,  and 
the  shows  where  may  be  seen  the  wondrous  new  varieties  of  our  pet 
type  of  flower,  we  make  new  and  interesting  friends  from  all  parts 
of  the  world  with  whom  we  exchange  experiences,  learn  of  new  types, 
and  find  new  little  personal  ways  of  doing  something  better  than 
heretofore.  This  contact,  both  personal  and  by  correspondence, 
serves  to  keep  our  hobbies  at  white  heat,  and  helps  solve  many  prob- 
lems which  books  seem  to  ignore. 

But  have  you  ever  thought  what  these  societies  are  doing  for  your 
pet  flower,  and  what  your  membership  fee  and  your  manifestation 
of  interest  means  to  them?  Their  committees  are  working  unselfishly 
to  discover  new  methods  of  culture,  new  means  of  combating  disease; 
are  delving  into  the  history  and  origin  of  the  flower,  in  order  that 

55 


year  by  year  its  types  be  improved,  and  its  beauty  appreciated. 
Your  membership  encourages  and  stimulates  all  this,  and  in  turn  the 
Society  becomes  more  efficient  and  helpful  to  you  and  your  friends. 

We  hope  that  Garden  Clubs  will  also  help  these  societies.  In  some 
cases  they  may  become  affiliated.  In  other  cases  they  can  co-operate 
with  them  in  their  shows.  There  are  many  ways  of  doing  this,  and  we 
will  in  future  issues  treat  on  this  subject  in  each  society  for  the  benefit 
of  all  Bulletin  subscribers. 

Henrietta  M.  Stout. 

Notes 

You  ask  for  suggestions  concerning  the  use  of  Christmas  trees. 
In  my  family  we  go  to  the  nursery  where  Evergreen  trees  are  grown, 
select  one,  perhaps  three  or  four  feet  high,  have  a  box  or  tub  filled  with 
earth,  which  is  easily  concealed  by  moss  or  green  paper.  After  a  few 
days  in  the  house  the  children  tire  of  it  and  we  plant  it  out  on  the 
grounds.  We  have  never  lost  one  and  each  child  lays  claim  to  one  or 
more.  Sometimes  if  the  weather  is  fine  at  Christmas,  they  go  into  the 
yard  and  decorate  the  tree  with  popcorn,  paper  flowers,  bright  berries. 
By  so  doing,  nothing  is  lost  and  a  fine  tree  gained. 

Mrs.  E.  E.  Fayerweather,  Amateur  Gardener. 

Thomas  F.  Hunt,  dean  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  California,  who  is  on  sabbatical  leave  in  Europe,  has  accepted 
appointment  as  permanent  delegate  representing  the  United  States  at 
the  International  Institute  of  Agriculture,  Rome,  Italy.  Dean  Hunt 
has  long  been  interested  in  the  problems  of  the  institute.  He  was  one 
of  the  delegates  of  this  Government  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  general 
assembly  and  spent  much  time  then  traveling  over  Europe  and  study- 
ing agricultural  conditions.  He  went  to  Europe  in  September,  1 918,  as 
a  member  of  the  commission  sent  by  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  to  make  a  study  of  agricultural  conditions  in  the  allied 
countries.  His  wide  knowledge  of  agricultural  conditions  in  America, 
coupled  with  his  extensive  investigations  in  Europe,  make  him  an  ex- 
ceptionally well-qualified  man  to  represent  the  United  States  at  the 
International  Institute. 
Nov.  II,  1920. 

I  have  been  very  much  gratified  at  the  response  the  list  of  plant 
names  in  your  Bulletin  has  brought.  From  the  number  that  came 
in  promptly  I  was  in  hopes  that  even  a  larger  number  were  going  to  fill 
in  the  blank  than  have  actually  done  so. 

I  have  seventeen  replies,  part  of  them  representing  the  combined 
work  of  a  whole  Club,  or  of  quite  a  number  of  members  of  it. 

Very  truly  yours, 

F.  L.  MuLFORD,  Horticulturist. 

56 


What  a  National  Botanic  Garden  Should  Mean  to  the 
Women  Gardeners  of  America 

David  Fairchild,   United.  States  Department  of  Agriculture 

The  United  States  of  America  is  one  of  the  few  countries  in  the  Three  Impor- 
worid  which  has  no  national  botanic  garden  worthy  of  the  name.    It  tant 
is  true  that  we  have  privately  endowed  gardens  and  excellent  city-  Matters  to 
owned  gardens,  but  there  is  no  great  national  garden.  The  plant  lov-  Which  Gar- 
ing  women  of  England  and  Japan  have  often  asked  why  there  is  a  den  Club 
lack  of  knowledge  among  the  women  of  America  in  regard  to  the  Members 
cultivation  of  flowers  and  flowering  shrubs  and  the  beautification  of  Should  Give 
their  yards.    No  country  in  the  world  which  approaches  ours  in  Immediate 
wealth  has  a  greater  dearth  of  understanding  and  appreciation  among  Attention 
its  women  of  the  beautiful  flowering  plants  with  which  their  door- 
yards  could  and  should  be  decorated.    There  are  many  reasons  for 
this,  first  among  which  is  perhaps  the  fact  that  our  cUmate  has  greater 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold  than  occur  anywhere  in  England  or  the 
continent  of  Europe,  and  many  of  the  gorgeous  flowers  and  flowering 
shrubs  that  have  made  English  gardens  so  famous  will  not  thrive  for 
us.   But  there  is  another  reason  which  centers  in  the  non-existence  of 
a  great  federal  botanical  garden  from  which  a  stimulus  should  radiate, 
encouraging  and  assisting  those  women  who  have  a  taste  for  gardening. 

A  national  botanical  garden  is  a  place  into  which  should  be  poured 
all  the  useful  and  ornamental  plants  of  the  world  which  are  adapted  to 
cultivation  in  that  particular  spot.  While  it  is  true  that  on  any  one  spot 
only  a  small  fraction  of  the  plants  of  the  world  can  be  grown,  it  is  also 
true  that,  without  a  center  such  as  that  afforded  by  a  botanical  garden 
or  arboretum,  there  is  no  place  where  a  woman  interested  in  orna- 
mental horticulture  can  go  and  see  the  new  plants  or  can  read  and  get 
information  about  them.  It  is  the  logical  place  in  which  to  maintain 
collections  of  varieties  of  ornamental  plants  which  are  correctly  named. 
The  amateur  members  of  the  Rose  societies  and  Iris  societies  and 
Peony  societies  would  make  pilgrimages  to  the  garden  to  study  these 
collections  and  select  the  new  varieties  shown  there  for  their  gardens. 
The  nurserymen  would  welcome  heartily  the  naming  of  their  varieties, 
so  that  there  would  not  be  the  ridiculous  mistakes  in  varietal  names 
which  do  occur  and  which  so  discourage  the  amateur  gardeners. 

With  the  estabHshment  of  a  National  Botanic  Garden  in  the  City 
of  Washington,  which  would  be  made  possible  by  the  passage  of 
Senate  biU  4485,  presented  at  the  sixty-sixth  Congress,  second  session, 
there  should  be  started  a  stimulus  for  ornamental  horticulture  as  weU 
as  practical  horticulture,  the  value  of  which  would  be  hard  to  overes- 
timate. 

Gardening  in  this  country  is  entering  upon  a  new  stage — the  de- 
velopment of  the  forms  best  suited  to  our  pecuUar  cHmates.    These 

57 


forms  will  come  about  only  through  the  process  of  breeding  and 
selection,  and  it  is  necessary  that  collections  of  species  which  are 
desirable  for  our  gardens  should  be  maintained  somewhere,  in  order 
that  they  can  be  crossed  and  hybridized  for  the  production  of  those 
superb  forms  which  are  to  beautify  in  the  future  the  gardens  of  this 
country.  The  newer  methods  of  shipping  fresh  pollen  make  it  possible 
to  supply  plant  breeders  all  over  America  with  pollen  for  breeding 
purposes.  Few  private  gardens  or  estates  last  long  enough  in  this 
country  to  be  ideal  places  for  such  collections,  when  it  comes  to 
trees  and  long-lived  plants.  The  botanical  gardens  and  arboreta  of 
the  old  world  have  taught  us  this  lesson.  The  women  of  America  have 
already  learned  to  come  to  Washington  for  that  information  which  is 
stored  in  the  minds  of  the  largest  group  of  scientific  agriculturists 
which  the  world  has  ever  brought  together  and  which  is  freely  given 
out  by  them.  They  know  how  much  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
has  done  for  them,  and  they  appreciate  how  much  more  could  be  done 
were  the  facilities  here  in  Washington  increased. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  is  engaged  mainly  in  the  more 
practical  food  producing  phases  of  horticulture.  A  botanical  garden, 
properly  conducted,  should  form  a  center  of  information  in  regard  to 
those  groups  of  plants  with  which  the  Department  of  Agriculture  is 
scarcely  fitted  to  deal,  namely,  those  concerned  with  the  beautifica- 
tion  of  our  gardens.  Such  a  garden  would  also  be  able  to  furnish 
them  with  authentic  information  regarding  the  wild  species  which 
ought  to  be  naturahzed  in  our  gardens — information  which  few 
nurserymen  can  afford  to  give.  The  women  gardeners  of  America 
could  not  fail  to  be  benefited  also  by  the  stimulus  of  the  better 
botanical  environment  which  would  be  furnished  to  the  scientific 
botanists  and  horticulturists  of  Washington,  were  there  such  a  thing 
as  a  botanical  garden  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

It  is  a  strange  paradox  which  every  scientific  man  in  Washington 
concerned  with  the  study  of  plants  is  obliged  to  explain  to  foreigners, 
that,  although  the  largest  local  Botanical  Society  of  America  is 
located  in  Washington  (consisting  of  more  than  four  hundred  mem- 
bers) and,  although  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  with  its  two  thous- 
and employees  is  engaged  in  the  study  of  plants,  there  is  no  collection 
of  growing  plants  worthy  of  the  name  to  be  found  within  a  day's  ride 
of  the  laboratories  and  offices  of  this  group  of  scientific  men.  This 
body  of  men  has  only  been  able  to  keep  in  touch  with  plants  through 
the  fact  that  during  the  Summer  months  the  experts  are  scattered  over 
the  country  studying  them.  The  atmosphere  of  city  streets  and 
parks  is  not  enough  to  create  that  atmosphere  of  plant  enthusiasm 
which  is  essential  for  the  best  work.  A  great  botanical  garden  is  the 
only  method  conceivable  for  bringing  this  about,  and  the  floriculture  of 
the  country  would  get  the  indirect  benefit  from  the  building  up  in 

S8 


Washington  of  better  equipped,  broader-minded  scientific  men  in  the 
field  of  horticultural  research. 

There  are  a  few  of  us  botanists  who  have  been  in  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  hoping  each  year  that  some- 
thing would  be  done  to  make  a  real  beginning  towards  a  great  National 
Botanic  Garden.  The  Congressional  Garden  at  the  foot  of  the  capitol 
has  never  had  the  respect  of  the  scientific  botanists  of  the  country, 
lacking  as  it  has  funds  and  room  to  expand.  It  has  done  what  it  could, 
and  in  the  early  days  of  Washington  its  superintendent,  Mr.  Smith, 
played  a  great  role  in  the  work  of  determining  the  best  shade  trees  for 
the  capital.  But  it  is  not  practicable  to  enlarge  it  in  its  present  loca- 
tion, and,  without  enlargement,  it  can  never  be  more  than  a  small 
pubHc  garden,  comparing  in  this  respect  more  with  the  city  botanic 
gardens,  so-called,  of  hundreds  of  the  smaller  cities  of  Europe. 

Senate  bill  No.  4485,  if  passed  by  Congress,  would  secure  what 
appears  to  be  the  only  remaining  feasible  site  for  such  a  garden  within 
easy  reach  of  the  people  of  the  city  of  Washington.  No  site  selected  is 
ever  ideal.  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  best  experts  in  Washington  that  the 
Mount  Hamilton  tract  of  four  himdred  and  some  odd  acres,  adjoining 
the  Anacostia  waterway,  is  eminently  suited  for  the  development  of  a 
botanic  garden.  Along  this  waterway  has  already  been  developed  the 
Shaw  Water  Gardens,  from  which  have  been  sent  all  over  America 
many  of  the  choicest  hybrid  Water  Lilies  known  to  horticulture.  This 
waterway  could  be  treated  as  a  charming  water  garden,  filled  with 
native  and  exotic  water  plants,  a  feature  as  yet  not  highly  developed 
in  any  botanical  garden  in  the  world. 

The  machinery  for  the  introduction  of  new  plants  into  America 
already  exists  in  the  Office  of  Foreign  Seed  and  Plant  Introduction  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture,  and,  as  it  is  doubtless  desirable  that 
the  botanical  garden  be  a  separate  institution,  the  Department  of 
Agriculture,  which  has  heartily  endorsed  the  project,  would  co-operate 
so  that  the  stream  of  incoming  plants  discovered  by  agricultural  ex- 
plorers in  different  parts  of  the  world  would  inevitably  bring  into  the 
National  Botanic  Garden  all  those  worth  while  which  are  suited  to 
cultivation  in  the  climate  of  Washington. 

If  the  women  gardeners  of  America  want  a  federal  Botanic  Garden, 
the  psychological  moment  for  them  to  act  is  now.  The  coming  session  of 
Congress  should  not  pass  without  their  focusing  their  opinion  on  SeHate 
Bill  4485,  which,  if  passed,  would  authorize,  without  immediate  expense, 
the  securing  of  the  land  for  such  a  National  Botanic  Garden  and  he  the 
first  step  necessary  for  its  creation.  If  this  opportunity  is  lost,  it  is  prob- 
able that  this  suitable  site  will  pass  into  commercial  hands  and  he  cut  up 
by  real  estate  development.  Write  immediately  to  your  Congressman 
asking  his  support  for  Senate  Bill  4485. 

59 


The  Present  Peril  of  the  National  Parks 

J.  Horace  McFarland,  President  American  Civic  Association 

It  has  been  the  general  impression  that  the  national  parks  were 
as  secure  against  commercial  intrusion  as  a  cemetery  by  the  very  fact 
and  method  of  their  creation.  The  successful  assault  on  the  Yosemite 
for  a  city  water  supply  ought  to  have  warned  us  all  that  no  such 
security  existed.  Under  present  legal  relations,  since  the  passage  of 
the  Federal  Water  Power  Act  approved  June  lo,  1920,  no  single 
square  foot  of  national  park,  monument,  reservation  or  even  cemetery, 
is  safe  from  the  claims  of  the  power  promoter  if  it  has  on  it  a  drop  of 
water. 

Further,  irrigation  interests,  including  scores  of  corporations 
organized  for  the  purpose,  are  casting  covetous  eyes  on  the  water  in 
national  parks,  and  on  locations  suitable  for  irrigation  dams,  res- 
ervoirs, flumes,  pole-lines,  tunnels  and  conduits. 

A  project  originating  in  Idaho  got  through  the  Federal  Senate  early 
in  1920,  and  nearly  passed  the  House  prior  to  the  summer  recess.  It  is 
a  plan  impounding  the  water  of  the  southwestern  corner  of  the  Yellow- 
stone National  Park  in  a  reservoir  to  flood  eight  thousand  acres.  This 
"  FaUs  River  Basin  "  was  described  as  a  worthless  and  unvisited  swamp 
and  the  project  offered  to  establish  instead  ''a  beautiful  lake."  In- 
vestigation during  July  has  shown  that  this  basin  is  perhaps  the  most 
beautiful  valley  in  the  park,  with  broad,  grassy,  well  watered  mead- 
ows, described  as  "a  camper's  paradise,"  and  surrounded  in  part  by 
high  lands  from  which  spring  several  lovely  waterfalls,  from  130  to  380 
feet  in  height.  Following  up  a  completed  similar  reservoir  outside  the 
park  shows  that  as  the  water  is  drawn  down  in  summer,  dead  trees  and 
slimy  beaches  are  uncovered,  so  that  the  beautiful  Jackson  Lake  is 
now  bordered  by  an  inaccessible  morass. 

Yellowstone  Lake,  a  major  attraction  of  this  greatest  of  our 
national  parks,  and  Shoshone,  Lewis  and  Heart  Lakes,  the  only  other 
considerable  bodies  of  water  in  the  park,  are  also  desired  by  the 
irrigationists  as  reservoirs  to  be  drawn  down  during  the  summer.  It 
is  proposed  by  a  Montana  corporation,  according  to  a  letter  written 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Payne,  *'to  dam  the  Yellowstone 
River  near  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone  Lake,"  thus  flooding  and 
making  inaccessible  the  present  beautiful  shores  of  the  lake,  covering 
some  islands,  and  in  general,  destropng  much  of  the  rare  beauty  of 
this  marvelous  region.  Flumes,  tunnels  and  pole-hnes  are  a  part  of 
this  project. 

Secretar}'^  Payne  says  "the  certain  encroachment  upon  the  parks 
by  the  power  and  other  interests  tending  toward  commercialization 
should  be  resisted  to  the  utmost." 

60 


There  is  no  real  necessity  for  this  desecration  of  the  public  property; 
it  is  proposed  only  because  it  is  cheaper.  Secretary  Payne  further 
says:  "Any  such  encroachment  upon  the  Yellowstone,  in  my  judg- 
ment is  not  necessary,  and  will  do  very  great  harm.  Since  the  water 
does  not  remain  in  the  park,  means  may  always  be  found  for  its 
utilization  after  it  leaves  the  park  to  the  same  and  often  to  a  greater 
extent  than  if  the  effort  was  made  to  use  it  in  the  park." 

Not  only  the  Yellowstone  Park  is  being  attacked.  Claims  have 
been  filed  for  power  utilization  of  portions  of  the  Yosemite,  and  even 
the  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado  is  to  furnish  private  water  power 
profit  through  the  reduction  of  its  wonders  if  these  schemes  succeed. 
The  same  Idaho  Congressman  who  nearly  succeeded  in  passing 
the  vicious  bill  for  flooding  the  southwest  corner  of  the  Yellowstone 
has  openly  announced  his  intention  to  oppose  all  appropriations  for 
park  maintenance  unless  his  constituents  are  permitted  to  work  their 
will,  and  has  kindly  pointed  out  that  all  the  more  acts  setting  aside 
great  areas  of  the  public  lands  to  park  and  recreational  uses,  or  pre- 
serving stupendous  natural  wonders,  have  had  inserted  in  them  a 
sneaking  provision  for  irrigation  uses.  Glacier,  Sequoia,  General 
Grant — all  the  parks  are  to  be  entered  upon,  as  the  irrigationists  may 
find  them  cheaper  sources  of  water  than  the  outside  lands! 

The  present  administration  of  the  Interior  Department  and  the 
existing  Federal  Water  Power  Commission  have  definitely  agreed,  at 
the  urgent  request  of  the  American  Ci\dc  Association,  not  to  consider 
any  applications  for  park  desecrations  until  Congress  has  had  time  to 
act,  either  in  definite  protection  or  in  gradual  destruction  of  the 
parks.  These  officials  wiU  probably  retire  March  4,  192 1,  and  no  one 
can  now  predicate  the  attitude  of  incoming  cabinet  officials  of  the  next 
administration. 

Only  one  way  exists  to  protect  and  defend  the  national  parks  for 
all  the  people.  It  is  for  every  man  and  woman  who  believes  in  the 
value  of  the  parks  to  insist  to  congressmen,  both  representatives  and 
senators,  that  all  commercialism  be  kept  out,  whatever  may  be  the 
plausible  and  specious  claims  that  disguise  it.  There  must  be  insistence 
that  the  Congress  promptly  amend  the  Federal  Water  Power  Act,  by 
excluding  national  parks,  monuments,  reservations  and  cem.eteries 
from  its  otherwise  beneficent  provisions.  Letters  to  congressmen  are 
essential  to  the  ejffort,  and  all  Garden  Club  members  who  have  not  al- 
ready done  so  should  write  immediately. 


61 


Bill-board  Legislation 

Fletcher  Steele 

You  no  doubt  know  that  the  people  of  Massachusetts  lately 
voted  to  amend  the  C'^nstitution  of  the  Commonwealth  to  permit  the 
restriction  and  regulation  of  bill-boards  by  law.  Consequently  the 
General  Court  passed  a  law  to  this  effect  and  delegating  the  power  to 
carry  out  and  enforce  the  law  to  the  Highway  Commission.  We  have 
an  enlightened,  able  and  conscientious  board  of  highway  commis- 
sioners of  whom  the  Chairman,  Mr.  Sawyer,  has  long  been  interested 
in  ameliorating  the  bill-board  nuisance.  For  instance,  bill-boards  for 
advertising  purposes  have  been  for  some  time  prohibited  on  all  land 
included  within  the  boundaries  of  Massachusetts  highways. 

The  Commission  held  a  public  hearing  about  the  middle  of  Septem- 
ber at  short  notice,  about  which  I  was  immediately  informed  by  the 
courtesy  of  the  North  Shore  Garden  Club.  I  attended  as  the  official 
representative  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Landscape  Architects.  The 
public  showed  its  interest  by  an  unexpectedly  large  attendance,  the 
North  Shore  Garden  Club  being  strongly  represented  not  only  by  mem- 
bers but  by  Mr.  Homans,  an  appointed  spokesman  and  legal  adviser. 

The  Commission  opened  the  conference  by  announcing  their  new 
responsibilities  to  restrict  and  regulate  bill-boards  as  imposed  by  law; 
explained  that  the  regulations  must  be  defined  and  stated  by  the 
Commission;  and  asked  the  public  for  suggestions. 

In  my  opinion  the  most  significant  development  to  be  considered 
by  the  Bill-board  Committee  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America  was 
the  fact  that  the  opponents  of  bill-boards,  with  minor  exceptions,  were  not 
ready  with  any  concrete  suggestions  to  aid  in  drawing  up  a  set  of  rules 
and  regulations  for  bill-board  abatement  or  suppression.  While  this  was 
due  in  part  to  the  short  notice  of  the  hearing,  it  was  also  evident  that 
the  principal  reason  was  ignorance  of  the  legal  limitations  and  property 
rights  involved,  all  effort  being  given  to  reasons  why  and  not  to 
methods  how  bill-boards  should  be  abolished.  On  the  other  hand  ad- 
vertisers and  their  legal  advisers  were  always  ready  with  phrases. 

The  upshot  was  the  announcement  of  another  hearing  to  be  held  in 
October  and  the  request  by  the  Commission  that  all  interested  parties 
should  forward  in  writing  their  suggestions  for  drafted  regulations  to 
the  Highway  Commission  by  October  ist.  A  Committee  of  bill-board 
opponents  was  immediately  formed  to  draw  up  suggestions  for  such 
regulations  and  all  were  invited  to  join.  I  informed  Mr.  Gallagher, 
President  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Landscape  Architects,  who  decided 
at  once  that  we  must  be  represented  on  this  Committee.  Many  inter- 
esting ideas  were  drawn  out  at  the  hearing,  particularly  those  showing 
the  attitude  of  legislators  toward  the  legal  aspect  of  bill-board  leg- 
islation and  their  relation  to  property  rights. 

62 


Membership  List  of 
The  Garden  Club  of  America 

Giving  Names  and  Addresses  of  Presidents  for  1920-192  i 

North  Country  Garden  Club  of  Long 

Island,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Beekman  Winthrop,  38  E  37th  St., 


Pa. 


Albeuarle  Garden  Club,  Va. 
Mrs.  Harry  T.  Marshall,  University,  Va 
Garden   Club   of   Allegheny   County, 

Mrs.  Henry  Rea,  Sewickley,  Pa. 

Auateur    Gardeners    of    Baltimore,    Md. 

Mrs.  Lyman  Colt  Josephs,  908  St.  Paul's  St., 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Bedford  Garden  Club,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.    Rollin    Saltus,    Mt.    Kisco,    New    York 

Chestnut    Hill    Garden    Society,     Mass. 

Mr.  A.  Winsor  Weld,  47  Suffolk  Road,  Chestnut 

Hill,  Mass. 

Garden  Club  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Taft,  3329  Morrison  Ave., 

Clifton,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Garden  Club  of  Cleveland,  Ohio 

Mrs.  John  E.  Newell,  3634  Euclid  Ave., 

Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  West  Mentor,  Ohio 

Garden  Club  of  Denver,  Colo. 

Mrs.  J.  F.  Welborn,  1065  Logan  St., 

Denver,  Colorado 

Garden  Club  of  East  Hampton,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  William  A.  Lockwood,  700  Park  Ave., 

New  York  and  East  Hampton,  L.  I.,  New  York 

Fauquier  &  Loudoun  Garden  Club,  Va. 

Mrs.  Fairfax  Harrison,  Belvoir  House, 

Belvoir,  Fauquier  Co.,  Virginia 

Greenwich  Garden  Club,  Conn. 

Mrs.  Luke  Vincent  Lockwood,  Riverside,  Conn. 

Green   Spring  Valley   Garden   Club,    Md. 

Mrs.  William  V.  Elder,  Glyndon,  Maryland 

Garden  Club  of  Harford  County,  Md. 

Mrs.  Bertram  M.  Stump,  Stafiord  Farm, 

Emmorton,  Maryland 

Hartford  Garden  Club,  Conn. 

Mrs.  Robert  W.  Gray,  54  Huntington  St., 

Hartford,  Conn.,  and  Weekapaug,  R.  I. 

Garden  Club  of  Illinois 

Mrs.  Horace  H.  Martin,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois 

James  River  Garden  Club,  Va. 

Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Wheelwright, 

Buckhead  Springs,  Va. 

Lake  Geneva  Garden  Club,  Wis. 

Mrs.    Seymour    Morris,    1020    Ardmore    Ave., 

Chicago,  and  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 

Lenox  Garden  Club,  Mass. 

Miss  Heloise  Meyer,  Merrywood, 

Lenox,  Mass. 

Garden  Club  of  Litchfield,  Conn. 

Mrs.    Frederick    T.    Busk,    1049    Park    Ave., 

New  York  and  Litchfield,  Conn. 

Garden  Club  of  Michigan 

Mrs.  Edward  H.  Parker,  The  Pasadena, 

Detroit,  Mich. 
Garden  Club  of  Middletown,  Conn. 
Mrs.   Robert   H.   Fife,   Jr.,    287   High   Street, 
Middletown,  Conn. 
Millbrook,  Garden  Club,  Inc.,  N.  Y. 
Mrs.  Oakleigh  Thorne,  Santa  Barbara, 
Cal.,  and  Millbrook,  N.  Y. 
The  Gardeners  of  Montgomery  and  Del- 
aware Counties,  Pa. 
Mrs.  Horace  Bullock,  Ardmore,  Pa. 
Garden  Club  of  Morristown,  N.  J 
Miss  G.  Mabel  Clark,  831  Madison  Ave.,  New 
York  City,  and  Morristown,  New  Jersey 
_    New  Canaan  Garden  Club,  Conn. 
Miss    Myra    Valentine,    New    Canaan,    Conn. 

Garden  Assoclation  in  Newport  R  I 

Miss  Edith  Wetmore,  630  Park  Ave.,  New  York, 

and  Newport  R.  I. 


New  Y'ork,  a^.J  Groton  Farm,  Westbury,  L.  I., 

New  York 

North  Shore  Garden  Club,  Mass. 

Mrs.    Charles   Hopkinson,    Manchester,   Mass. 

Garden    Club    of    Orange    and    Dutchess 

Counties,  N.  Y. 
Dr.   Edward  L.   Partridge,   19  Fifth  Avenue, 
New  York,  and  Cornwall-on-Hudson,  New  York 

Pasadena  Garden  Club,  Cal. 

Mr.  George  E.  Waldo,  585  San  Rafael  Ave., 

Pasadena,  California 

Garden    Club    of    Philadelphia,    Pa. 

Mrs.  Bayard  Henry,  West  Walnut  Lane, 

Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Philipstown  Garden  Club,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Vanderbilt  Webb,  66  E.  79th  St.,  New 

York,  and  Peekskill,  New  York 

Garden  Club  of  Princeton,  N.  J. 

Mrs.  George  A.  Armour,  Allison  House, 

Princeton,  New  Jersey 

Garden  Club  of  Rddgefield,  Conn. 

Mrs.  George  Pratt  Ingersoll,  Ridgefield  Conn., 

and  Stamford,  Conn. 

RuMsoN  Garden  Club,  N.  J. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Ricker,  239  Madison  Ave., 

New  York,  and  Red  Bank,  New  Jersey 

Hardy  Garden  Club  of  Ruxton,  Md. 

Mrs.  Louis  O'Donnell,  Ruxton,  Baltimore  Co., 

Maryland 

Rye  Garden  Club,  N.  Y, 

Mrs.    A.    William    Putnam,    Rye,    New    York 

Garden  Club  of  Santa  Barbara  and  Monte- 

ciTO,  Cal. 

Mrs.  Edwin  H.  Sawyer,  200  West  Victoria  St., 

Santa  Barbara,  California 

Shaker  Lakes  Garden  Club,  Ohio 

Mrs.   James  H.   Rogers,  1920  East   93rd   St., 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Short  Hills  Garden  Club,  N.  J. 

Mrs.  John  A.  Stewart,  Jr.,  159  W.  84th  St., 

New  York,  and  Short  Hills,  New  Jersey 
Garden  Club  of  Somerset  Hills,  N.  J. 
Mrs.  Francis  G.  Lloyd,  157  E.  71st  St., 

New  York,  and  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 

Southampton  Garden  Club,  L.  L,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Harry  Pelham  Robbins,  19  E.  80th  Street, 

New  York,  and  Southampton,  L.  I.,  New  York' 

Garden  Club  of  Summit,  N.  J 

Mrs.  John  R.  Todd,  West  Riding, 

Summit,  New  Jersey 

Garden  Club  of  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Miss  Frances  N.  Dickinson,  479  West  State  St., 

Trenton,  N.  J. 

Garden  Club  of  Twenty,  Md. 

Mrs.  W.  Champlin  Robinson, 

Lutherville,  Maryland 

Ulster  Garden  Club,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.   John   Washburn,    Saugerties,   N.   Y. 

Warrenton  Garden  Club,  Va. 

Mrs.  Samuel  A.  Appleton,  Warrenton,  Virginia 

Washington  Garden  Club,  Conn. 

Mrs.    Arthur    Shipman,     1067    Asylum    Ave., 

Hartford,  Conn.,  and  Washington,  Conn. 

Weeders,  Pa. 

Mrs.  Alfred  Stengel,   1928  Spruce  Street, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Garden  Club  of  Wilmington,  Del. 

Mrs.  William  C.  Spruance,  2507  W.  17  Street, 

Wilmington,  Del. 


Important  Notice.  This  list  has  been  compiled  from  lists  received 
by  the  Secretary.  If  any  errors  in  names  or  addresses  occur,  kindly 
notify  the  Secretary  immediately  that  correction  may  be  made 
both  in  the  Club  file  and  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Bulletin. 

63 


The  editor  announces  with  much  pleasure  that  Mrs.  Charles  W. 
Stout  has  been  added  to  the  Board  of  Editors  as  Chairman  of  the 
Special  Plant  Societies  Committee.  Mrs.  Stout's  plans  for  this  de- 
partment are  announced  elsewhere.  The  editor  has  sincere  regret  in 
announcing  the  resignation  of  Mrs.  John  Stewart,  Jr.,  and  Mrs. 
WilUam  K.  Wallbridge  from  the  Board.  The  vacancy  left  by  Mrs. 
Wallbridge  has  not  yet  been  filled. 

Owng  to  the  arrangements  for  maihng  the  Bulletin,  it  is  im- 
possible to  send  the  magazine  to  more  than  one  Summer  and  one 
Winter  address.  Members  who  have  more  than  two  addresses  are  re- 
quested to  notify  the  Bulletin  office  which  two  they  prefer  to  have 
used,  that  the  May,  July  and  September  issues  may  be  sent  to  the  Sum- 
mer address,  the  December,  January  and  March  issues  to  the  Winter 
address.  Members  are  reminded  that  other  magazines  do  not  change 
the  address  of  subscribers  even  once  a  year,  but  depend  upon  forward- 
ing directions  left  by  subscribers  at  a  permanent  address. 

At  the  Annual  Meeting  it  was  decided  to  increase  the  non-member 
subscription  to  $2.50  a  year.  Each  subscription  must  be  sponsored 
by  a  Gasden  Club  member.  Blanks  will  be  sent  on  appHcation  to  the 
Editor. 

A  few  copies  of  the  six  issues  of  the  New  Series  are  still  available 
at  50  cents  each. 

In  writing  to  the  Bulletin  please  give  your  full  name  and  address 
and  also  the  name  of  the  Member  Club  to  which  you  belong.    The 
Bulletin  file  is  arranged  by  Clubs  and  unless  information  is  given 
as  requested  confusion  will  arise. 
To  Club        It  is  found  that  some  copies  of  each  issue  of  the  Bulletin  go 
Secretaries  :  astray.  To  save  time  it  has  been  decided  to  send  to  each  Club  secre- 
Important  tary  three  extra  copies  to  be  given  to  any  members  of  their  Club  who 
fail  to  receive  their  copy.    Please  explain  this  to  your  Club  at  your 
next  meeting. 
To  Club         When  your  copy  of  the  Bulletin  does  not  reach  you  please  apply 
Members  to  the  secretary  of  your  Club  who  will  have  extra  copies  for  replacing 
those  lost  in  the  mail. 


Board  of  Editors 


Chairman 
MRS.  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER, 
Lake  Forest,  III.,  and  1220  Lake 
.Shoke  Drive,  Chicago 
The  Gardener's  Miscellany 
MRS.  ROBERT  C.  HILL 
Easthampton.  L.  I.,  and  Q69 
Park  Ave.,  New  York 
Plant  Material 
MRS.  CHARLES  W.  HUBBARD 
WiNNETKA,  III. 
News  and  Views 

MRS.  t.  h.  b.  Mcknight 

44.  TnoRNE  St. 
Sewickley,  Pa 


Secretary  (Ex-offic'o) 
MRS.  HAROLD  I.  PRATT 
Glen  Cove,  L.  I.,  and  820  Fifth 
Ave.,  New  York 
Garden  Pests  and  Remedies 
MRS.  BENJAMIN  WARREN 
Grosse  Pointe  Sn  ires,  Mich. 
Special  Plant  Societies 
MRS.  CHARLES  W.  STOUT 
Short  Hills,  N.  J.  and  20  E.  66th  St., 
New  York  City 


^ 


64 


,  OONNELUET*  SONS  CO..  CHCC«00 


PENNSYLVANIA   HORTICULTURAL   SOCIETY 


^^JicififH^mn^^^^l   I 


\