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BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY
VOL. VI

1957-1958

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

LONDON : 1958

DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE PARTS

No. 1. 30 November 3 . ? ; . 1955
No. 2. 7 February . : * a ‘ . 1956
No. 3. 27 March . ; : : ; . 1956
No. 4. 18 April : : ‘ ; F . 1956
No. 5. 18 April : : : . . bk LEQRGr:
No. 6. 22 May ‘ : ; ‘ i . 1956
No. 7. 24 July “ : , : : - 1956
No. 8. 12 October . . ; ; . 1956
No. 9. 18 January . ; 7 A : . 1957

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No. I
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
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No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. 10

No. II.

No. 12.

CONTENTS

ENTOMOLOGY VOLUME VI

. New and little-known species of African Trichoptera. By D. E.

KIMMINS

. New Hystrichopsyllid Siphonaptera. By F. G. A. M. Smit

. Neue Erotyliden aus dem Britischen Museum. 21. Beitrag zur

Kenntnis der Erotyliden (Col.). By Kurt DELKESKAMP

. Lectotypes of Trichoptera from the McLachlan Collection now in the

British Museum (Natural History). By D. E. Kimmins

. New species of the genus Dicercomozon Demoulin (Ephemeroptera,

Fam. Tricorythidae). By D. E. Kimmins

. Revision of the Neotropical Acanthocinini (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae).

II. The genus Lagocheirus. By LAWRENCE S. DILLON

. A contribution to the taxonomy of Stenoponia J. &. R. (1911), a

genus of Palaearctic and Nearctic fleas. By KARL JORDAN

. The mealy-bugs (Pseudococcidae : Homoptera) described by W. M.

Maskell, R. Newstead, T. D. A. Cockerell and E. E. Green from the
Ethiopian Region. By D. J. WILLIAMS

. Miss L. E. Cheesman’s Expedition to New Hebrides, 1955. Orders

Odonata, Neuroptera and Trichoptera. By D. E. KIMMINsS

. The identity of Stenopsyche grisetpennis McLachlan (Trichoptera,

Family Stenopsychidae). By D. E. KIMMINsS

A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara.
Part IV. By PAUL FREEMAN

New species of Indo-Australian Geometridae. By L. B. Prout
Index to Volume VI

PAGE

z
39

V7

203
237
251
261

305
465

ud

ae i
Le ,

NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN
SPECTES ‘OF
AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

D. E. KIMMINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 1
LONDON: 1957

NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF
AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

BY

D. E. KIMMINS

ae

Pp. 1-37; 27 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 1
LONDON : 1957

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY) instituted in 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 6. No. 1 of the Entomological
series.

2 0 DEC 1957
Se

a

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued December, 1957 Price Ten Shillings

NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF
AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

By D. E. KIMMINS

Department of Entomology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.)

THIS paper is based on collections made in East Africa by Dr. N. E. Hickin in 1954
and 1956 and by Dr. P. S. Corbet, 1954-56; in Ghana (Gold Coast) by Professor
Lewis Berner in 1950 and upon other small collections made by Mr. Elliot Pinhey
and Mr. C. N. Smithers. It includes new species in the families Philopotamidae,
Polycentropodidae, Hydropsychidae, Hydroptilidae, Leptoceridae and Lepido-
stomatidae, in all, seventeen new species. The types of all new species have been
presented to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) by the captors, to whom the author
wishes to express his thanks for the opportunity of studying this interesting material.

Family PHILOPOTAMIDAE

Chimarra cognata sp. n.
(Text-figs. 1-2)

RHODESIA. Victoria Falls, i.1956, numerous examples, (E. Pinhey).

¢ (in alcohol). General colour ochraceous or very pale fuscous. Antennae and
palpi pale fuscous. Legs ochraceous. Spurs fuscous, 1.4.4, those of the anterior
leg short. Abdomen ochraceous, apex of aedeagus and inturned claws of claspers
piceous. Wings pale fuscous, venation much as in C. intexta Mosely. (It should
be noted that the original figure of the anterior wing of C. intexta is incorrect, Cu,
being accidentally omitted. A corrected figure will be found in Mosely, 1936,
Amn. Mag. n. H., (10) 17 : 446, fig. 35.)

6 GENITALIA. Ninth and tenth segments fused dorsally, ninth sternite with a
small, acute process. Tenth segment with two sclerotized lateral lobes, from above
sinuous and divergent, from the side slightly down-curved, apices dark brown.
Cercus rounded in side view, arising from a thin, plate-like lobe which extends
beneath the aedeagus. The latter has a slender stem, and towards the apex on each
side is a spatulate, sclerotized lobe, which has a piceous tip. Apex of aedeagus
membranous and carrying two fuscous, claw-like spines. Claspers broad, moderately
long ; from the side the upper margin is elevated about mid-way in a strong claw,
directed inwards across the clasper. There is a second acute process arising from the
inner surface, mid-way between the incurved claw and the apex.

ENTOM 6, I. I

4 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

COGNATA

EVOLUTA

RHODES!

Fic. 1. Wings of Chimarra cognata, sp. n., C. evoluta sp. n., and C. rhodesi sp. n.

Q GENITALIA. Seventh sternite with a small ventral process. Eighth segment
forming an almost complete ring, its dorsal surface membranous. Apical margins
darkly pigmented, from the side with a median, hyaline area simulating an excision.
Subgenital plate triangular from the side, about as long as eighth segment. From

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 5

beneath its lateral margins are convex. Ninth tergite short, saddle-shaped, with
two long, basal apodemes.

Length of fore wing, 5 mm.

$ holotype mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype with abdomen
mounted as microscope preparation. Paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.)
and National Museum of S. Rhodesia, Bulawayo. This species is closely related to
C. intexta Mosely from Sierra Leone, as is obvious from a comparison of the ¢ claspers
and the wing venation. The general resemblance in $ genitalia may well be greater
than appears on comparing the figures of the two species. Mosely, in describing
intexta, states that one superior appendage (lateral lobe of tenth segment) has been
broken off in the unique type. I have examined this specimen and I suspect that
not only has the tenth segment been rather extensively damaged but the apical
part of the aedeagus also appears to be missing. When C. intexta is re-discovered,
it is possible that cognata may prove to be a subspecies of it. For the present, the
chief differences in cognata are the narrower base of the incurved claw and acute
apex of the clasper in side view and the shorter, broader clasper in ventral view.

Chimarra evoluta sp. n.

(Text-figs. I, 3)

S. RHODESIA. Salisbury Experimental Station, light trap, 1, 3.x.1956, 2 gd, 5 2
(C. N. Smithers).

3d (in alcohol). Head piceous or very dark fuscous, warts and front of head a
little paler, and with sparse piceous hairs. Antennae and palpi dark fuscous.
Thorax fuscous, with paler warts. Legs fuscous, posterior femur with a paler
median ring. Spurs1.4.4. Abdomen pale fuscous, genitalia piceous. Anastomosis
in fore wing straight, whitish hyaline. In hind wing, venation somewhat reduced,
R, obsolete or fused with Sc, which is a strong vein, veins R,,,; and M,,, each
unforked (i.e., cells R, and M, are lacking).

gd GENITALIA. Ninth segment membranous above, the upper lateral margins
each produced caudad in a long, slender spine running alongside the aedeagus.
Ventral surface of ninth segment with a small median keel towards the base. Cerci
short and moderately broad. Tenth segment forming a pair of stout spines,
connected at their bases, situated above and at the side of the aedeagus. The basal
half of each spine is produced upwards and outwards in a thin foliate plate, appearing
as a lobe in dorsal view, with the spine projecting beyond it. Aedeagus long,
slender, lightly sclerotized. Clasper large, in side view somewhat reniform, with its
upper basal margin produced upwards and inwards in a broad, thin lobe, fringed
with setae. From beneath, the clasper is elongate, with an incurved, tapering,
truncate apex. At the base on the inner surface is a slender finger.

2 (in alcohol). Resembling the male, but slightly larger and darker. Abdomen
pale fuscous, terminal segments darker. Venation as in male.

Q GENITALIA. Seventh segment with a small ventral process. Eighth segment
forming a complete ring, although the lateral margins are somewhat excised. Its

6 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

dorsal, apical margin is excised at the centre, the excision continuing basally as a
narrow, median, semi-membranous groove. Ventral apical margin produced in a
subgenital plate, covering the membranous ninth sternite. From beneath, this
plate has a narrow, median, membranous groove running from near the base to the
excised apex. Ninth tergite saddle-shaped, from above tapering from mid-way to a
bilobed apex. Tenth segment with a pair of semi-membranous processes each
carrying a small cercus. Bursa copulatrix very lightly sclerotized and obscure.
Length of fore wing 3, 5 mm., 9, 5*5 mm.

Fic. 2. Chimarva cognatasp.n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), 3, dorsal ;
(c), g, right clasper, ventral; (D), 9, lateral.

$ holotype (3.x.) mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype (3. x.) in 2%
formaldehyde solution, abdomen mounted as microscope preparation. Paratypes
in British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and Dept. of Research and Specialist Services,
Salisbury, S. Rhodesia. C. evoluta (and another closely allied species being published
in the Ruwenzori Expedition Reports, I1) are related to C. georgensis Barnard in the
obsolete R, in the hind wing and the straight, white anastomosis in the fore wing.

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 4

They both differ from Barnard’s species in male genitalia, the complete absence
of R, and the unforked condition of R,,,; and M,,, in the hind wing. C. evoluta
differs from the allied East African species in the longer and more slender spines
arising from the ninth segment, the less produced lower lateral margins of the
ninth segment and the relatively larger, more elongate claspers.

I was at first disposed to place this species and the East African one in Lestage’s
genus Chimarrhafra (type species, C. georgensis Barnard). Lestage’s chief character,
the obsolescence of R, in the hind wing, is however not restricted to species from

Fic. 3. Chimarra evoluta sp.n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), 3, dorsal ;
(c), g, right clasper, ventral; (p), 9, lateral; (£), 2, ventral.

Africa, but occurs also in examples from Fiji, Solomons and Sarawak. The present
species carries the reduction of the wing venation two stages further in the hind wing,
in the unforked condition of R,,, and M,,5. Rs,3 also occurs in the hind wing in
other species of Chimarra (e.g., Australian spp.), but this reduction is not necessarily
correlated with reduction of R,. I am therefore in agreement with Ross (1956)
that Chimarrhafra Lestage should be synonymized with Chimarra.

8 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

Chimarra rhodesi sp. n.
(Text-figs. 1, 4)

S. RuHopEsIA. Salisbury Experimental Station, light trap, 3-4.x.1956, 3 2,
(C. N. Smithers).

¢ (in alcohol). Head fuscous, occipital warts pale, antennae and palpi fuscous.
Thorax fuscous, warts pale. Legs pale fuscous, femora paler than tibiae. Spurs
1.4.4. Abdomen ochraceous, with fuscous genitalia. Wings medium fuscous,
with sparse fuscous pubescence. Shape more elongate than in evoluta, venation
of the typical Chimarra pattern.

Fic. 4. Chimarra rhodesi sp.n. ¢ Genitalia. (a), lateral; (8B), dorsal ;
(c), base of right clasper, ventral.

$ GENITALIA. Eighth segment rather more sclerotized than basal segments,
sternite with a small ventral process. Ninth segment more or less membranous
dorsally, with a strong, short ventral process. Tenth segment with the median
lobe membranous, lateral lobes blackish, spiniform, their bases attached to the
ninth segment. Cercus short, rounded, arising from a thin, plate-like base.
Aedeagus terminating in two hooks, the dorsal one directed upwards, the ventral
downwards. Within the aedeagus can be seen two pairs of small, slender, curved
spines. Clasper robust, in side view somewhat constricted about mid-way, apex
tapering to an angled finger. From above, the clasper is incurved, stout, tapering
to the apex, a small inner projection near the base.

Length of fore wing, 5 mm.

3 holotype mounted as microscope preparations. Paratypes in British Museum
(Nat. Hist.) and in Dept. of Research and Specialist Services, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia.
This species is not closely related to any African Chimarra known tome. It perhaps
comes nearest to C. elga Mosely. Both have processes to the eighth and ninth
sternites and the claspers are somewhat similarin shape. The clasper in rhodesz is

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 9

more abruptly angled at the apex and more constricted mid-way. The lateral
spiniform lobes of the tenth segment are straight, not upcurved, and the arma-
ture of the aedeagus is different. Moreover the head and thorax of C. elga are
orange.

Family POLYCENTROPODIDAE

Nyctiophylax africanus sp. n.
(Text-fig. 5)

UGANDA. Jinja, at light, ix—-x.1954, I g, 3 9 (P. S. Corbet).

g (in alcohol). Head pale fuscous, with fuscous pubescence. Antennae
ochraceous, finely annulated with fuscous. Palpi ochraceous. Thorax fuscous
above, ochraceous beneath, legs ochraceous with fine fuscous pubescence. Wings
brownish, with dense fuscous pubescence. Venation much as in N. orientalis
Marlier, cell M, in the fore wing and cell R, in the hind wing sessile. Abdomen
reddish ochraceous.

Fic. 5. Nyctiophylax africanus sp. n. Genitalia. (A), g, lateral; (B), 3g, claspers
and hooks of tenth segment, ventral; (c), 9, lateral, and apex of subgenital plate,
ventral ; (D), 2, bursa copulatrix, ventral.

¢ GENITALIA. Eighth tergite overlapping the ninth and tenth, the centre of its
apical margin produced in a small rounded lobe. Upper part of ninth segment
either membranous or fused with tenth, the centre of the ventral margin produced
in a small triangular process. Tenth segment represented by a pair of lightly
chitinized plates bearing the cerci, the lower angles of the plates produced downwards

10 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

and outwards in strong hooks, lying beneath the aedeagus. Cerci moderately
elongate, fringed. Aedeagus with its dorsal surface lightly sclerotized, forming a
saddle-shaped structure covering a mass of membrane within which are enclosed
three pairs of straight spines. Clasper widely excised at its apex, from the side
appearing as two divergent branches. From beneath, the upper branch curls
inward, broad and spatulate, the lower branch slender acute.

Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite with a pair of quadrate lobes, their margins fringed
with setae. Subgenital plate roughly triangular in ventral view, sides slightly
sinuous, apex rounded ; in side view it is deep at its base, then narrowed to a digitate
apex, which reaches almost to apex of abdomen. Bursa copulatrix as shown.
Tenth segment with three pairs of short finger-like processes.

Length of fore wing, 4 mm.

3 holotype, 2 allotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, one pair of J wings, f and 2
abdomens mounted as microscope preparations. This species differs from both
N. occidentalis Ulmer and N. orientalis Marlier in the deeply bifid clasper of the male
and from the former also in the spines of the tenth segment being stouter and down-
curved.

Dipseudopsis capensis Walker

KeENnyA. Nzoia R., Lwamba Ferry, 19-20.iv.1956, I g (P. S. Corbet).
TANGANYIKA. L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. viii. 1956, 36 3, 4 2 (P. S. Corbet).
Widely distributed in Africa.

Dipseudopsis noricis Mosely

GoLpD Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 31.vii-2.vili.1950, 19 J, 202; Yeji, 14.x.1950,
245,19 (L. Berner). Dayi R., Kpandu-Hohoe Rd.,17.viii.1950, 1 g (L. Berner).
Previous distribution. Gold Coast.

Dipseudopsis njalana Ulmer

GoLtp Coast. Afram R., Mankrong, 13.ix.1950, 1 ¢ (L. Berner).
Previous distribution. Sierra Leone.

Family HyDROPSYCHIDAE
Subfamily Hydropsychinae

Cheumatopsyche falcifera Ulmer
(Text-fig. 6)

UGANDA. Jinja, at light, 31. xii.1955-24.v.1956, 6 J (P. S. Corbet).

I was at first inclined to label these specimens as C. natalensis (Barnard) but as
they also showed some resemblance to Ulmer’s figures of falcifera I made a genitalia
preparation of the example labelled ¢ye in our collection. To my surprise it proved
to be much nearer the Uganda examples than the figures (made from a dried example)
suggested. The tenth segment from the side is more tapered and the terminal

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA i

Fic. 6. Cheumatopsyche falcifera (Ulmer), g Type. Genitalia.
(A), lateral and (B), dorsal.

processes do not turn up so much. There is also a setiferous wart on each side.
I am taking this opportunity of re-figuring the genitalia of falcifera. The specimen
figured is one of three males listed from the Akaki Ravine, and Ulmer states that the
type is one of these three. I therefore designate the specimen now figured (abdomen
in small tube of glycerine) as the male Lectotype. C. natalensis (Barnard) now seems
even more Closely related to C. falcifera (Ulmer) and it must be left to South African
entomologists to re-examine the type and decide whether it is truly distinct.

Cheumatopsyche uncata sp. n.
(Text-fig. 7)

UcanpDA. Albert Nile, Pakwach, 29.iv.1956, 3 3, 4 2 (P. S. Corbet).

(In alcohol). General colour ochraceous, wings denuded. _

$ GENITALIA. Ninth tergite with apical margin produced in two small, rounded
lobes. Tenth segment from the side triangular, upper margin gently convex. Near
the apex on each side is an upwardly and basally directed acute hook, and basad
of it is a low, setiferous wart. From above, the tenth segment is subquadrate,
its apical margin produced centrally in a triangle with rounded apex. Sides of the
tenth segment a little convex, apical hooks not conspicuous. Aedeagus terminating
in a pair of incurved, convex lobes. Basal segment of clasper slender at its base,
dilating to a clavate apex. Terminal segment short and triangular from the side,
tapering more gradually to a rounded apex in dorsal view.

Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite divided medially into two sclerites, ventro-caudal
angles forming a wide convex sweep. Clasper-receptacle small, circular, ventro-

ENTOM 6, I. 1§

12 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

Fic. 7. Cheumatopsyche uncata sp.n. Genitalia. (A), 3, lateral ;
(B), 3, dorsal; (c), 9, lateral.

caudal angle of ninth tergite produced in a small upcurved lobe below the clasper
receptacle.

Length of fore wing, 7 mm.

3 holotype, 2 allotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, each with abdomen mounted
as a microscope preparation ; paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The shape
of the tenth segment of the male, with its recurved apical hooks distinguishes this
species from any other African Cheumatopsyche known to me.

Cheumatopsyche urema Mosely

Ucanpa. L. Victoria, Kagera Bay, 12.v.1954, I g, 1 9 (N. E. Hickin) ; Jinja,
5.V.1954, I d (N. E. Hickin).

Previous distribution. Kenya, Meru.

There are slight differences in the male genitalia compared with the type but I do
not consider them to be of specific importance. The female is referred here with
some doubt.

Cheumatopsyche copiosa Kimmins

GoLpD Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 31.vii.1950, 3 J, 1 2 (L. Berner).
Previous distribution. Uganda.

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 13

Cheumatopsyche afra Mosely

TANGANYIKA. L. Tanganyika, Kigoma, 16.20. viii.1956, 19 J, 8 2 (P. S. Corbet).
Previous distribution. Sierra Leone.

Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely

UcanpAa. Entebbe, 28.30.iii.1956, 4 3, 12 9 (P. S. Corbet).
Previous distribution. Tanganyika.

Subfamily Oestropsinae (= Macronematinae)

Phanostoma senegalense Brauer

UGANDA. Butiaba district, iii.1954 ; numerous examples (P. S. Corbet) ; Jinja,
3.i11.1954, 2.28.v.1954, ix-x.1954, numerous examples (P. S. Corbet, N. E.
Hickin) ; Ripon Falls, 27.v.1954, numerous examples, (N. E. Hickin).

GoLp Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 1.vili.1950, 4 ¢ (L. Berner).

Widely distributed in Africa.

Polymorphanisus bipunctatus Brauer

KENyA. Nzoia R., Lwamba Ferry, 19-20.iv.1956, 2 2 (P. S. Corbet).
Widely distributed in Africa.

Polymorphanisus ? angustipennis Ulmer

GoLp Coast. Volta R., Yeji, 14.x.1950, 1 § (L. Berner).
Previous distribution. Cameroons.

Aethaloptera dispar Brauer

UGANDA. Butiaba district, iii.1954, a number, (P. S. Corbet) ; Jinja, 3.11.1954,
2.V-I.vi.1954, 1x-x.1954, a number, (P. S. Corbet, N. E. Hickin); West Nile,
near Laropi, 27-28 .iv.1956, 9 3, 47 9 (P. S. Corbet).

TANGANYIKA. L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. viii.1956, 1 2 (P. S. Corbet).

GoLp Coast. Afram R., 13-14.ix.1950, 3 6, 2 2; Volta R., Yeji, 14.x.1950,
I § (L. Berner).

Widely distributed in Africa.

Macronema capense, var. signatum Walker

Ucanpa. Kampala, Namogonga R., 4.vi.1954, I ¢ (N. E. Hickin).
DISTRIBUTION. Equatorial Africa.

Macronema distinctum Ulmer

GoLp Coast. Afram R., Mankrong, 14.ix.1950, 2 ¢ (L. Berner).
DISTRIBUTION. Equatorial Africa.

14

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

i yn

}

4

aaa TTT

(RL), right lateral ;

Orthotrichia straeleni Jacquemart. ¢ Genitalia.
(Lx), left lateral ; (Dp), dorsal and (v), ventral.

Fic. 8.

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 15

Macronema alienum Ulmer

Gop Coast. Afram R., Mankrong, 13.x.1950, 2 ¢ (L. Berner).
Previous distribution. Sudan.

Family HyDROPTILIDAE

Orthotrichia straeleni Jacquemart.
(Text-fig. 8)

Ucanpba. L. Victoria, Kagera Bay, 15.v.1954, 1 ¢ (N. E. Hickin) ; Albert Nile,
Pakwach, 29.iv.1956, 2 ¢ (P. S. Corbet).

TANGANYIKA. L. Tanganyika, Kigoma, 16-20. vili.1956, I ¢ (P. S. Corbet).

(In alcohol). Head densely clothed with whitish hairs, a few fuscous hairs on
face. Antenna with about thirty-eight segments, fuscous, with a short, pale patch
at about two-thirds from base. Palpi with fuscous pubescence. Thorax with
fuscous pubescence above, ochraceous beneath. Legs very pale fuscous. Wings
with dark fuscous pubescence, a pale fuscous patch in pterostigmatic area of fore
wing. A short row of black scales in costal area at base of fore wing. Abdomen
with short processes to sixth and seventh sternites.

g GENITALIA. Completely asymmetric, as is usual in Orthotrichia. Ninth
segment largely withdrawn within the eighth, with deep basal and apical lateral
excisions. In side view, the apical angles of the lower part each bearing a stout
bristle, the right-hand lobe more inwardly hooked than the left. To the upper
part of the ninth segment is fused the tenth, forming an elongate, lightly sclerotized
hood bearing three hooks, two directed to the right, one to the left. To the basal
angles of this hood (only visible in a cleared example) is attached a transverse plate,
the centre of whose apical margin is produced in a long, bifid process, each branch
transparent and bearing an apical seta. Basal margin with a long slender apodeme.
This structure lies beneath the aedeagus and may represent the fused processes
of the tenth segment. Aedeagus long, slender, with a loosely attached spiniform
titillator (not shown in figures, to avoid confusion). Claspers fused to form an
asymmetric plate set within an excision of the ninth segment, excised at its centre,
each half bearing a long seta. The left-hand clasper terminates in a short, sinuous
process.

Length of fore wing 2 mm.

Since this paper was submitted for publication, I have seen a reprint of a paper by
M. Jacquemart, in which this species appears under the name of Orthotrichia straeleni
Jacquemart. I have therefore supressed the name under which I was proposing to
describe it but have left my description and figures.

Orthotrichia aequatoriana sp. n.
(Text-fig. 9)
UGANDA. Jinja, 31.xii.1955, I g, 1 Q (P. S. Corbet).

(In alcohol). Antenna with thirty-four segments, pale ochraceous, with three
patches of fuscous pubescence in the apical half. Head fuscous, vertex ochraceous

16 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

with fuscous warts, palpi pale fuscous. Anterior legs pale fuscous, clothed with
broadened fuscous hairs, median and posterior legs ochraceous. Spurs 0.3.4.
Pubescence of fore wing fuscous with paler areas, no black scales at base of subcosta
in male. ¢ genitalia of the usual, complex type, asymmetric. Sixth ventral
segment with a pointed process, seventh and eighth with tufts of hairs. Ninth
segment long dorsally, with a pair of processes on the right-hand side apically,
the upper short and claw-like, the lower long, slender, slightly upcurved. Ventral

ad

Fic. 9. Orthotrichia aequatoriana sp.n. 6 Genitalia. (L), lateral ;
(Dp), dorsal; (v), ventral.

apical margin of the ninth segment irregular, its centre produced and with short,
outspread apical branches; between and above them is an irregularly produced,
blackened lobe. Above this lobe is a pair of rounded structures, each carrying a
long bristle, their bases fused into a long, slender apodeme. It is possible that these
structures may represent the claspers. Tenth segment membranous. Aedeagus
long, slender, sinuous in its apical third and with a spiral sheath or titillator. Within

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 17

the ninth segment and above the aedeagus are two spines, fused basally, one short
and claw-like, the other long, slender and sinuous.

Length of fore wing 2-5 mm.

3d holotype mounted as microscope preparations. This species differs from
O. sanya and O. straelent in the absence of a row of black scales along the subcosta
of the fore wing of the male and in the form of the male genitalia.

Family LEPTOCERIDAE

Pseudoleptocerus corbeti sp. n.
(Text-figs. Io, 11)
UGANDA. Jinja, 7.v—I0.vili.1956, 28 3, 40 2 (P. S. Corbet).
(In alcohol). Head fuscous, with whitish and fuscous hairs. Basal segment of

antenna fuscous above, paler beneath, remaining segments clothed with medium
fuscous, scale-like hairs, joints dark fuscous, bases of segments whitish. These pale

Fic. 10. Pseudoleptocerus corbeti sp.n. ¢ Genitalia. (a), lateral (aedeagus omitted) ;
(B), aedeagus, lateral ; (c), ninth and tenth segments, dorsal; (D), clasper and process
of ninth segment, ventral.

annulations become less noticeable towards the apex of antenna. Palpi dark
fuscous, maxillary with greyish white and some fuscous hairs. Prothorax and
mesothorax fuscous, metathorax ochraceous with fuscous markings. Legs fuscous,

18 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

anterior tibia and tarsus annulated with whitish, posterior femur with pale bluish
scales. Abdomen fuscous above, ochraceous beneath, ¢ genital segments brownish,
a piceous bifid lobe on ninth sternite. Wings much as in Ps. njalaensis and chirin-
densis, anterior with hyaline areas, and clothed with blackish and iridescent pale
bluish scales.

$ GENITALIA. Dorsal apical margin of ninth segment produced in an excised
hood, the U-shaped excision extending almost to the base of the hood, the lateral
lobes broad, triangular, with rounded apices. From the side the lateral lobes are
slender and slightly down-curved. Ventral margin of ninth sternite produced in a
blackened, plate-like lobe, paler at its centre. In side view it is slender and acute,
from beneath bifid, the acute angled separated by a wide excision. Tenth segment

Fic. 11.—Pseudoleptocerus corbeti sp.n. Q Genitalia.
(A), lateral; (B), ventral.

with a broad, rounded median lobe, armed with a few stout spines on each side of
the apex. From the side, the median lobe appears as a slender curved process,
whose apex is truncate. Lateral lobes of tenth segment thin, blunt, scarcely half
as long as median lobe. Aedeagus enclosed in a curved basal sheath, whose upper
margin projects as a quadrate lobe, the lower margin produced and acute. Aedeagus
largely membranous, with two pairs of stout spines. Clasper stout at base, then
much constricted in side view, dilating gradually to a digitate apex. From beneath
it is also constricted near the base and again beyond the middle. Inner margin
strongly spinose.

QGENITALIA. Eighth sternite with its apical margin widely and shallowly excised.
Ninth and tenth segments fused, dorsal apical margin projecting in a short, excised
lobe, which appears as a triangular process in side view. Below it is a pair of short
processes (? cerci) armed with a few setae. Lateral gonapophyses short, moderately

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 19

deep in side view, apical margin slightly excised or sinuous. Above them in ventral
view is a short triangular plate. Ninth sternite forming a broad ovate plate, its
lateral margins more or less fused to the tergite.

Length of fore wing, 3, 7°5 mm., 92, 5:5 mm.

$ holotype, @ allotype (8.viii.1956) mounted as microscope preparations, para-
types in 2% formaldehyde solution. In wing markings and in general structure
of g and @ genitalia this species resembles mjalaensis Mosely and chirindensts
Kimmins. One obvious distinguishing character is the bifid ventral process of the
ninth sternite of the male. (In chivindensis an unpigmented median area of this
process may simulate a forked process.) The median lobe of the tenth segment has
the spines on each side of the apex (median in mjalaensis and chirindensis). The
clasper is more slender than in mjalaensis and the apex less angulated than in
chivindensis and is not outspread. In the female, the processes of the tenth segment
are short and stout. In mjalaensis they are also short, but more triangular in side
view, and from beneath they are strongly transverse. In chirindensis these processes
are much more slender, about three times as long as broad in side view. The lateral
gonapophyses in corbeti are truncate or slightly excised apically in side view, not
rounded as in mjalaensis and chirvindensis.

Pseudoleptocerus njalaensis Mosely

GoLD Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 2.viii.1950, 1 3, I 9, Yeji, 14.x.1950, 6 J, 2 9;
Afram R., Mankrong, 14.i1x.1950, I g (L. Berner).
Previous distribution. Sierra Leone.

Triaenodes serrata Ulmer
(Text-fig. 12)

1912, Deutsch. Zenty.-Afrika-Exped. 4 (Zool. 2) (6): 110; ibid., 1923, Mitt. Minch. ent. Ges.
13 : 20.

UGANDA. Jinja, 14.v—8.vili.1956, 2 J, 3 9, (P. S. Corbet).

I am taking this opportunity of describing the female genitalia and of re-figuring
the male genitalia and also of drawing attention to a curious series of errors in
connection with the description of the male genitalia. Originally it was stated
that the tenth tergite was divided and that each half bore a long, curved spine.
Ulmer subsequently (1923) corrected this, stating that the tenth tergite was not
divided and that it bore only a single spine. This correction was overlooked by
both Barnard (1934) and myself (1956) and we perpetuated the original error by
referring to the paired spines of seyrata in comparative notes. Through the kindness
of Dr. Mannheims and Dr. Buchholz, of the Koenig Museum, Bonn, I have been able
to examine Ulmer’s type of serrata. To my surprise, I find that it does in fact bear
two curved spines at the apex of the undivided tenth tergite! The lateral margins
of the latter are more sclerotized and thus give the false impression of being divided.
I am of the opinion that the type is probably aberrant in having two spines on the
tenth tergite and that there should normally be only one, as appears to have been

20 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

7 Re
oe

nal

Fic. 12. Tvriaenodes serrata Ulmer. Genitalia. (a), 3g, lateral; (8), 3, ninth and tenth
segments and aedeagus, dorsal; (c), 3, right clasper, ventral; (D), 9, lateral; (E), 2,
ventral.

the case in the later specimens from which Ulmer corrected his original description.
There are slight differences between the Uganda examples and Ulmer’s type in the
shape of the curved spine and of the clasper, but I do not consider them to be of
specific importance.

Barnard (1934) when describing his Adicella sicula also remarks on its similarity
to Triaenodes serrata. The similarity of genitalia, not only in the male, but also in
the female sicula to those of the female now described as serrata causes one to
wonder whether his sicula is not perhaps a Tviaenodes with abberrant venation.
This view is strengthened by the fact the two species of Tviaenodes (legona and
wambana) described by Mosely from Kenya and Ruwenzori both show a partly
obsolete media in the fore wing, the base only being lacking.

2 GENITALIA. Apical margin of eighth sternite straight, with a large patch of
short bristles. Ninth tergite short, more or less fused to the tubular tenth segment.

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 21

Lateral gonapophyses elongate-oval, directed downwards and inwards. Ninth
sternite moderately sclerotized, deeply excised at its centre, within which can be
seen the internal structure, with a bilobed apex.

Triaenodes ghana sp. n.
(Text-figs. 13, 14)

Gotp Coast. Dayi R., Kpandu-Hohoe Rd., 17.viii. 1950, 1 3 (L. Berner).

(In alcohol). Head ochraceous, eyes black, palpi ochraceous. Antenna with
long basal segment bearing long silky hairs on its upper surface. Thorax, legs and
abdomen ochraceous. Wings with sparse pale fuscous pubescence.

¢ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally, the lower part about twice as
long as upper and more sclerotized. Dorsal margin produced at its centre in a
small, bifid, membranous process. Tenth segment long, spiniform, slightly down-
curved. Cerci slender, nearly as long as tenth segment. Aedeagus large, down-

GHANA

HICKINI

Fic. 13. Wings of Tyviaenodes ghana sp. n. and T. hickini sp. n.

curved, strongly sclerotized. It takes the form of a trough with asymmetric lateral
margins, which are armed with strong spines, closely bunched on the left side,
more spread out on the right. Beneath the apex is another bunch of strong spines.
Claspers fused at their bases, rather complex. The main or basal part of each is
quadrate in side view, with a finger-like process, armed with stout setae, arising from
the upper margin towards the apex. Apical margin with an incurved apical hook
and a smaller tooth. From beneath the basal part is triangular, the inner margin

22 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

of the upper finger-like process continuing as the inner margin of the clasper. From
the upper surface of the clasper arises a bifid process, the upper branch digitate,
directed tailward, the lower branch larger, flattened, directed downwards and
inwards, apex acute.

Length of fore wing 7-5 mm.

3 holotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, one pair of wings and genitalia mounted
as microscope preparations. In structure of genitalia this species is related to
Triaenodes kimila Mosely from Belgian Congo. It differs in the presence of strong

Fic. 14. Tvriaenodes ghana sp.n. 6 Genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), tenth segment, dorsal;
(c), left clasper, dorsal; (pD), right clasper, ventral.

setae on the lateral margins and apex of the aedeagus and the bifid nature of the
process of the clasper. There is no mention of any special tufts of silky hair on the
basal segment of the antenna in T. kimila, and one must assume that they were
either rubbed off or else naturally absent, since if they had been present, Mosely
would certainly have placed the species in his genus Tviaenodella.

The specific name of this species is that adopted by the former Gold Coast territories
upon attaining self-governing status within the British Commonwealth.

Triaenodes hickini sp. n.
(Text-figs. 13, 15)
KENYA. Kipkurere R., Timboroa Forest Reserve, Austins Bridge, 8,500 ft.,

emerged 20.x.1956, I g, I.xi.1956, 2 g, I 9, 7.xi.1956, I J, I 9, 9.xi.1956, 2 P
(N. E. Hickin)

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 23

(In 2% formaldehyde solution). Head yellowish, fuscous above, antenna fulvous
with fuscous annulations, basal segment of male elongate, dorsal surface with a
pale longitudinal flap covering a tuft of hairs. Palpi pale fuscous with darker
pubescence. Thorax yellowish, with faint fuscous streaks above, sides ochraceous.
Legs very pale fuscous. Abdomen ochraceous, genitalia yellowish-brown. Wings
with pale fuscous pubescence, with faint indications of transverse bands.

$ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrow dorsally, side-pieces triangular with rounded
apices. Tenth segment with a pale trifid median lobe, the centre branch clavate
and setose. Side lobes of tenth segment asymmetric, blade-like, the left lobe much
longer than the right. Aedeagus arched, trough-like, apex directed downwards,
excised and somewhat membranous. Clasper with a basal branch, the main part
subtriangular from beneath, apex rounded, inner margin sinuous and armed with

Fic. 15. Tvriaenodes hickini sp. n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), g, tenth segment,
dorsal; (c), g, ventral; (D), 2, lateral; (£), 9, from beneath and behind.

short spines or teeth. The basal branch is directed upwards and then bent abruptly
tailwards as a strong spine. Just below the angle is a second more slender spine,
curving downwards.

24 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

2 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite with a weak median carina. Lateral gonapophyses
elongate, foliate, somewhat incurved and acute apically. Beneath them is a broad,
bifid structure, deep in side view, the branches appearing as upwardly directed
fingers. From beneath, these branches are separated by a deep excision. Tenth
segment more or less fused to ninth, from the side moderately broad at its base
(which carries a low setiferous wart), then narrowed to a slender digitate apex,
slightly down-curved. From below it is spatulate, shallowly concave above.

Length of fore wing Io mm.

3 holotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, abdomen and one pair of wings mounted
as microscope preparations. This species may be compared with Tviaenodes
difformis Mosely from Uganda. The median lobe of the tenth segment is shorter,
view less elongate and with the basal branch stouter, more abruptly angled, its
trifid, centre branch clavate. Clasper in ventral view more triangular, in lateral
upper branch not clavate. TJ. difformis may have a longitudinal flap on the basal
segment of the antenna but the specimen is in poor condition.

Athripsodes jinjana sp. n.
(Text-figs. 16, 17)

UcanpDA. Jinja, 1956, 27 3, 22 92; L. Victoria, Bukakata, 13.i.1956, 2 9;
Kampala, Port Bell, 6~-7.iv.1956, 2 g, 1 2; Entebbe, 28-30.iii.1956, 2 3, I Q,
(P. S. Corbet).

a

Fic. 16. Wings of Athripsodes jinjanasp.n. 4.

(In alcohol). Head ochraceous, warts fuscous, hairs whitish. Antenna
ochraceous, annulated with dark fuscous. Maxillary palpi dark fuscous, with
whitish hairs, labial pale fuscous. Thorax dull brownish, hairs whitish. Legs
ochraceous, anterior femur ventrally, and most of anterior tibia and tarsus, pale
fuscus. Abdomen whitish (? greenish in life), male genital segment yellowish brown.
Fore wing with brownish pubescence, mottled with greyish, stigma dark brown.

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 25

Membrane pale smoky brown, with hyaline areas and, in male, venation much as in
“ Homilia’’ lomia Mosely.

$ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally, ventral apical margin not
produced. Tenth segment forming a pair of long, curved spines, fused basally,
apices divergent. Cerci slender, about two-thirds as long as tenth segment.
Aedeagus short, abruptly angled downwards between the bases of claspers, where
its apex can be seen in ventral view as a rounded lobe. Lateral margins of aedeagus
produced upwards in vertical flanges. Claspers forming a pair of slender calipers
arising from stout bases. From the side there is a triangular projection arising on
the upper surface at the base, and beyond it is a stout, hooked process on the inner
margin near the base.

Q GENITALIA. Ninth sternite tapering towards its apex, apical margin straight,
excised at its centre, the excision bordered by two rounded lobes, base of the excision

Fic. 17. Athripsodes jinjana sp. n. Genitalia. (a), ¢, lateral; (B), ninth and tenth
segments, dorsal; (c), 3, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; (D), 2, ventral.

convex. Lateral gonapophyses dilated mid-way in ventral view, roundly quadrate
in side view.
Length of fore wing 3, 7 mmm., 9, 7-5 mm.

26 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

3 holotype mounted as microscope preparations, ? allotype in 2% formaldehyde
solution, with one pair of wings and abdomen mounted as microscope preparations,
paratypes in 2% formaldehyde solution. This species can be grouped with
Athripsodes moselyt Kimmins and A. curvata (Ulmer) (and also with “ Homilia”’
lomia Mosely) on the structure of the male genitalia. It is perhaps closest to A.
moselyt, from which it differs in the less elevated flanges of the aedeagus, stouter
cerci, divergent spines of the tenth segment and hooked process on the inner, lower
margin of clasper. The female may be distinguished by the blunter cerci, absence
of the scabrous lobes in the excision of the ninth sternite and broader internal
structure. The general similarity of the male genital structure to that of Homilia
lomia is striking and strengthens the probability that the female of lomia will be
found to have typical Athripsodes venation.

Oecetis berneri sp. n.
(Text-figs. 18, 19)

GoLpD Coast. Dayi R., Kpandu-Hohoe Rd., 17.viii.1950, 1 g (L. Berner).
(In alcohol). Head ochraceous, antenna. very pale fulvous with fine fuscous

BERNERI

RETICULATA
Fic. 18. Wings of Oecetis berneri sp. n. and O. reticulatella sp. n.

annulations, palpi pale fuscous. Thorax pale brownish above, ochraceous at sides,
legs very pale fuscous. Wings hyaline, fore wing with fulvous pubescence, pale
fuscous over cross-veins and forks. Venation as figured. Abdomen pale fuscous,
tergites 5-8 with reticulate patches.

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 27

¢ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed above. Tenth segment represented by
two slender, asymmetric spines, down-curved, the left-hand spine in side view
sinuously bent. Between their bases arises a pair of short, clavate appendages
(? cerci), each with a tuft of setae at the base. Median lobe of tenth segment
apparently obsolete. Aedeagus slender, bent downwards about mid-way, channelled
on its upper surface, lateral margins of basal half expanded upwards in thin rounded
plates. Clasper stout, bifid apically, upper branch arising about mid-way along dorsal
surface, curving obliquely upward and tailward, slightly clavate. Main branch

Fic. 19. Oecetis bernevisp.n. 6 Genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), dorsal ;
(c), left clasper, ventral.

tapering to an acute apex, which is slightly hooked. In ventral view the clasper
is narrowly triangular, inner margin forming a sinuous ridge and with a blunt
triangular tooth on the lower surface.

Length of fore wing 4:5 mm.

3 holotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, one pair of wings and abdomen mounted
as microscope preparations. This species does not seem to have any very close
relationship with the other African species of Oecetis having reticulate patches on
the male tergites. The dilated lateral margins of the basal half of the aedeagus,
the absence of the median lobe of the tenth segment and the structure of the clasper
should make its recognition easy.

Oecetis reticulatella sp. n.
(Text-figs. 18, 20)
GoLp Coast. Volta R., Yeji, 14.x.1950, 1 f (L. Berner).

(In alcohol). Head fulvous with brownish pubescence. Antennae (incomplete)
fulvous with fuscous pubescence. Palpi pale fuscous. Thorax fulvous, sides and

28 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

centre of mesonotum brownish. Legs fulvous. Wings hyaline, pubescence of
anterior pale fuscous, slightly darker at cross-veins and arculus. Venation as figured.
Abdomen ochraceous, tergites 5-8 in male with reticulate patches on each side.

$ GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, apical margin from the side shallowly
excised, from above also with a rounded median excision, the rounded lobes on each
side possibly representing the cerci and lateral lobes of tenth segment, fused to the
margin of the ninth. Median lobe forming a long, slender finger. Aedeagus large,

Fic. 20. Oecetis reticulatellasp.n. @ Genitalia. (A), lateral; (B), tenth
segment, dorsal; (c), left clasper, dorsal

arched downwards, forming an asymmetric trough enclosing a single, curved spine.
Claspers stout, fused basally, upper apical angles extended in strong calipers.

Length of fore wing 5 mm.

g holotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, one pair of wings and abdomen mounted
as microscope preparations. The presence of reticulate areas on the fifth to eighth
tergites links this species with O. choa Mosely and O. setifera Ulmer. The tenth
segment is however more reduced, since there appears to be no trace of the lateral
lobes and the apices of the claspers are more acute.

Oecetis africana sp. n.
(Text-figs. 21, 22)

UcanpDA. Mengo, Entebbe, 28-30. iii.1956, 9 3, 5 2 (P. S. Corbet).

TANGANYIKA. L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. viii.1956, 2 3, 1 9 (P. S. Corbet).

(In alcohol). General colour light fuscous or dull ochraceous. Antenna annulated
with piceous. Wings sparsely pubescent, fore wing with anastomosis, bases of
discoidal and thyridial cells and arculus marked with fuscous. Abdomen with
tergites six to eight with reticulate areas.

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 29

$ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed above, dorsal apical margin produced
at centre in two small, semi-membranous fingers. Ventral apical margin triangularly
produced. Cercus narrowed at base, foliate. Tenth segment forming two spatulate
lobes, slender and spiniform from above. Aedeagus membranous, set in a down-

AFRICANA

DECORA

Fic. 21. Wings of Oecetis africana sp. n. and O. decora sp. n.

curved, sclerotized trough and with a membranous, extensile sheath arising near its
base. This sheath terminates in a divergent, horn-like structure. Clasper short,
subtriangular from beneath, apex hooked inward. From the side, the upper margin
is strongly convex, apex concave.

QGENITALIA. Eighth sternite produced in a large, subgenital plate with a rounded
slightly down-curved apex. Tenth segment fused to ninth, tubular, lower margin
projecting beyond the upper, bilobed. On each side of the tenth segment is a large,
low, setiferous wart. Lateral gonapophyses short, ovate from the side, tapering
towards apex from beneath.

Length of fore wing 7 mm.

$ holotype with wings and abdomen mounted as microscope preparations, 2
allotype with abdomen mounted as microscope preparation and paratypes, all in
2% formaldehyde solution. This species is related to O. aganda Mosely and 0.

30 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

anomala Marlier. All have the deeply bifid tenth segment in the male and the single
extensile sheath of the aedeagus, terminating in divergent horns. (Mosely suggests
that in aganda this process is normally paired, one being broken away, but I think

Fic. 22. O6ccetis africana sp.n. Genitalia. (A), g, lateral; (B), g, dorsal ;
(c), g, claspers, ventral; (D), 9, lateral; (£), 9, ventral.

that this is a misinterpretation). O. africana differs from both the above species
in the short claspers and broader, foliate cerci.

Oecetis decora sp. n.
(Text-figs. 21, 23)

TANGANYIKA. L. Tanganyika, Kigoma, 16-20. viii.1956, numerous ¢ Q (P. S.
Corbet).

(In alcohol). General colour ochraceous. Back of head pale fuscous, antenna
annulated with fuscous. Dorsum of abdomen pale fuscous. Wings sparsely
pubescent (? denuded), ochraceous and fuscous, membrane of fore wing strongly
marked with fuscous as follows: An oblique, transverse band close to base from

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 31

costa to anal angle, interrupted at radial area; a small spot at base of discoidal
cell ; a large spot over cross-vein between Sc and R,, extending to R, ; a large spot
over the base of cell Cu,, and arculus; small spots at junction of 1A and 2A, at
anastomosis and apices of veins. Venation as figured, cell R, in hind wing present.

$ GENITALIA. Ninth tergite produced at its centre in a small, bifid process. Cerci
short, broad and ovate, closely appressed but not fused with the tenth segment,

Fic. 23. O8ecetis decorasp.n. Genitalia. (A), 3, lateral; (B), g, dorsal ;
(c), 9, lateral; (D), 9 ventral.

which is lightly sclerotized, about twice as long as cercus, narrow and truncate.
Aedeagus large, globose, apex hooked downward, with a curved, internal spine.
Claspers slender, incurved, upper margin humped about mid-way.

2 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite produced at the centre of its apical margin in a
narrow triangle. Tenth segment short, tubular, with a large setiferous wart on
each side. Lateral gonapophyses of the ninth segment short, deep and concave,

32 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

apical margin sinuous, fringed. Eighth sternite (or subgenital plate) tapering to a
narrow base, apex covered by the lateral gonapophyses.

Length of fore wing 3, 6 mm.

3 holotype mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype in 2% formaldehyde
solution, apex of abdomen mounted as microscope preparation, paratypes in 2%
formaldehyde solution. In male genital structure this species closely resembles
O. maculata Kimmins, differing in the shorter cerci, truncate tenth segment and more
slender claspers. The pattern of the fore wing is very striking and entirely different
from O. maculata. O. hulstaerti Navas and O. janseni Navas have strongly patterned
wings but the arrangement of the spots and bands is different. The resemblance
in male genital structure of this species and O. maculata to species of Setodellina
gives rise to doubts whether the fusion of the cerci with the tenth segment to form a
hood is a sufficiently good distinguishing character. In the present species the
distinction is by no means clear-cut.

Setodellina maculipennis Ulmer

GoLD Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 2.viii.1950, 2 d (L. Berner).
Dayi R., Kpandu-Hohoe Rd., 17. viii. 1950, 1 9 (L. Berner).
Previous distribution. Sudan, Uganda.

Ptochoecetis africana Ulmer

GoLp Coast. Volta R., Yeji, 14.x.1950, I 3, 1 9 (L. Berner).
Previous distribution. Sierra Leone.

Setodes baccata sp. n.

(Text-figs. 24, 25)

UGANDA. Jinja, 9.v—15. viii.1956, 17 g, 7 2 (P. S. Corbet).

(In alcohol). Head piceous, with piceous and silvery hairs. Antenna fuscous,
annulated with whitish in basal half. Palpi fuscous, with grey pubescence. Thorax
dark fuscous above, ochraceous on sides. Legs fuscous, anterior tibia with dense
blackish pubescence, base and apex of anterior tarsus with blackish pubescence,
intermediate segments whitish. Abdomen ochraceous. Fore wing with dense
brownish pubescence, decorated with five conspicuous, iridescent, pearly white
patches of hairs, each ringed with dark brown. One is near the base of Cu, one on
Rs, one near arculus and two near apex of discoidal cell. Venation fairly typical
of genus, in fore wing cells R, and M, reaching anastomosis.

$ GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, its dorsal apical margin slightly produced
at its centre. Tenth segment fused to ninth, forming a hood, whose lower apical
angles are extended in thin spatulate lobes, set on edge. Cerci flattened, triangular
in dorsal view. Aedeagus short and stout, concealed, its apex curving downward

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 33

between the bases of the claspers. On the upper surface of the aedeagus near the
base is a single blade-like process, directed tailward. Clasper trifid, the two outer
branches widely divergent, the upper of these two curving inward, the lower directed
tailward, broad in ventral view. The third branch arises from the inner surface
at the base. It is triangular in side view, directed upward and tailward.

Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite extended in a subgenital plate, broad and convex
at its base, hairy, tapering to a narrow rounded apex. Lateral gonapophyses of

BACCATA

Fic. 24. Wings of Setodes baccata sp. n. and S. trifida sp. n.

ninth segment large, convex, upper apical angle rounded, heavily fringed with hairs,
lower angle projecting in a small, rounded, spinose process. Tenth segment fused
to ninth, hood-like, bifid.

Length of fore wing, 3, 5-5°5 mm.

3 holotype and @ allotype mounted as microscope preparations, paratypes in
2% formaldehyde solution. The pearly spots on the fore wing of this species
should make it easily recognizable. The male genitalia are lightly sclerotized and
with the rather concealed aedeagus, the male might easily be passed over as a female,
as indeed did both Dr. Corbet and myself at first glance. It is quite distinct from
the other described African species of Setodes and comes nearest to S. excisa Kimmins.
The male genitalia also show considerable resemblance to those of Hemileptocerus
gregarius Ulmer, from which it is separated by the narrower wings and pattern of
the fore wings.

34 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

Fic. 25. Setodes baccata sp. n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), g, ninth and tenth
segments, dorsal; (c), g, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; (p), 9,
lateral; (E), 2, ventral.

Setodes trifida sp. n.
(Text-figs. 24, 26)

Kenya. Nzoia R., Lwamba Ferry, 19-20.iv.1956, 24 g, 3 9 (P. S. Corbet).

(In alcohol). The specimens are much rubbed, but the general colour is ochraceous,
eyes reddish black. Antenna rather broadly annulate with fuscous. The fore
wing shows traces of fulvous pubescence and a suggestion of numerous hyaline spots
Venation much as in S. sguamosa Mosely, but in the fore wing cells R, and R; + My,»
with shorter foot-stalks. In hind wing cell R, + M,,, nearly as long as its foot-stalk.

d GENITALIA. Ninth segment very short, apical dorsal margin slightly produced
in a shallow lobe at its centre, ventral margin not produced. Tenth segment fused
to ninth, hooded, tapering to a bilobed apex, and with a setiferous wart on each side

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 35

at base. Aedegus sharply angled downwards, the deflected portion divided into two
parallel, narrow lobes. Claspers with their fused bases closing most of the lower
half of the ninth segment. From each half of the base arise three distinct branches,
the lowest directed tailward, narrow from the side, broader from above, apex
narrowed. The median branch is rather foliate, narrow at base and curved inward.
From above, its inner margin is serrate and armed with bristles. Between the two
median branches are a pair of short, setiferous fingers. The upper branch is long
and slender, directed upwards on each side of the tenth segment.

Fic. 26. Setodes trifida sp.n. Genitalia. (a), 3, lateral; (B), 3, dorsal ;
(c), 9, lateral; (D), 9, ventral.

Q GENITALIA. Ninth segment forming a complete sclerotized ring. Dorsal
apical margin triangularly produced. Tenth segment forming a broad, rounded
plate, appearing as a narrow triangular projection in side view. At its base on each
side is a small setiferous wart. Ventral margin of ninth segment with a U-shaped
excision at its centre, between two triangular lobes. Lateral gonapophyses each in
the shape of two overlapping narrow plates, joined at their lower angles, which are
spiny. The inner plate is fringed with hairs.

Length of fore wing, 3, 7°5 mm.

36 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA

3 holotype and @ allotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, abdomen of latter
mounted as microscope preparation, § paratype mounted as microscope preparation,
others in 2% formaldehyde solution. The nearest African relative of this species
is S. sguamosa Mosely, from which it differs in the male in having three main branches
of the claspers, and in the shorter tenth tergite without long spines. The female
differs in the simple tenth tergite, the excised ninth sternite and the different form
of the lateral gonapophyses.

Trichosetodes lacustris Kimmins

Trichosetodes lacustris Kimmins, 1953, Entomologist, 86 : 278.
Trichosetodes victoriana Kimmins, 1956, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 108 : 139-140 (Syn. nov.).

Further material from Jinja, collected by Dr. Corbet, has shown variation in the ~
number of spines on the outer branch of the tenth segment of the’male (two, one or
none, even differing on opposite sides of the same specimen) and in the degree of
production of the inner apical angle of the clasper. The degree of variation brings
T. victoriana within the limits of 7. lacustris and victoriana must therefore be
treated as a synonym.

Family LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE
Pisulia pinheyi sp. n.
(Text-fig. 27)

S. RHopEsIA. Chirinda Forest, xi.1955, I ¢.

dS (pinned). Eyes hairy. Head piceous on vertex, with a small ochraceous
spot between the basal ocelli, face and palpi ochraceous. Antenna short, piceous.
Thorax piceous above, ochraceous laterally and beneath. Legs ochraceous, with
fuscous pubescence, inner apical spur of posterior tibia glabrous, slightly curved
and acute. Abdomen fuscous, slightly paler beneath, anal appendages dull
ochraceous. Wings fuscous, with fuscous pubescence, venation as figured.

6 GENITALIA. Seventh sternite triangularly produced at its centre, apex rounded.
Ninth segment narrowed above and below. Tenth segment divided into a median
and two lateral lobes. Lateral lobes each comprising a digitate process, slightly
down-curved, arising from a broadened base, which also carries a setiferous wart and
another short process. From above, the digitate process is slightly clavate. The
median lobe lies at a lower level between the lateral lobes. It is lightly sclerotized,
tapering to an apex with a V-shaped excision. Aedeagus short, with an excised
apex. Clasper trifid, the upper branch foliate, its outer lateral margin strongly
upcurved and covered with long setae, lower margin longitudinally keeled. From
above or below it tapers to a rounded apex. Median branch a little lower but about
as long as upper branch, narrower in side view and with an acute apex. From
beneath, moderately broad at base and apex, slightly constricted mid-way and
obliquely rounded at apex. Lower branch not extending as far as other branches,
cylindrical and with an apical tuft of long setae.

Length of fore wing, 6-5 mm.

NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 37

3 holotype (with one pair of wings mounted dry, abdomen in glycerine) presented
by E. Pinhey, Esq., of the National Museum of S. Rhodesia. This species differs
from P. glabra Marlier in venation and in male genitalia. In the fore wing the
discoidal cell is relatively narrower, the thyridial cell more elongate and cell Cu,,
narrower. In genitalia the lateral lobes of the tenth segment are narrower and more
arched in side view, the upper branch of the clasper is more dilated, the median branch
differently formed in ventral view and the lower branch much shorter.

Fic. 27. Pisulia pinheyi sp.n. 4 Wings (A) and genitalia. (B), lateral ;
(c), dorsal; (pD), ventral.

I differ slightly from Dr. Marlier in my interpretation of the wing venation, with
the result that I consider the forks to be R,, R,, M, and Cu,, in the fore wing (forks
I, 2,3 and 5) and forks R, and Cu,, in the hind wing (forks 2 and 5). This difference
arises from the probability that the facetic point is always between veins R, and R;,,
even if this involves the assumption that at times R, doubles back and fuses with
the anterior branch of M for a greater or lesser distance.

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NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID
SIPHONAPTERA

F. G. A. M. SMIT

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 2
LONDON : 1957°

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

BY

F. G. A. M. SMIT

~ ot.

Pp. 39-76; 75 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 2
LONDON : 1957

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted im 1949, 1s
issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical series.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 6, No. 2 of the Entomological
series.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued December, 1957 Price Ten Shillings

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA
By F. G. A. M. SMIT

THE new fleas dealt with in this publication all belong to the family Hystricho-
psyllidae. A new subfamily with a new genus and a new species is erected ; seven
new species and one new subspecies of Rhadinopsylla, subgenus Actenophthalmus,
are described, one species of the same subgenus is redescribed and another is recalled
from synonymy and attention is drawn to the taxonomic value of the structure of
the metathorax in Rhadinopsylla.

Holotypes are in the British Museum (Natural History), unless stated otherwise.

Family HYSTRICHOPSYLLIDAE
ACEDESTIINAE subfam. nov.

Separable from any other Hystrichopsyllidae by the oblique genal ctenidium
consisting of four pointed spines, and from all except certain genera of Anomio-
psyllinae (Anomiopsyllus, Stenistomera, Eopsylla, Callistopsyllus and Megarthroglossus)
by having only one row of setae on the thoracic and abdominal terga (with the partial
exception of tergum I in one of the two known representatives).

Club of antenna composed of eight or nine segments. Antennal fossa closed. Eye
much reduced or vestigial. Labial palp short, consisting of four or five segments.
Central tuber absent. Genal ctenidium oblique. Pronotal ctenidium present.
Prosternosome without a sinus for the reception of the first link-plate. One dorsal
and one subyentral pseudoseta each side under the collar of mesonotum. Inner
internal rod of mid and hind coxae short. Inner and outer surfaces of femora without
lateral setae. The three nota and terga I (or II) to VII with only one row of setae ;
anterior terga each with an inconspicuous subdorsal spinelet each side. Sternum
VIII of female with an acute ventro-posterior angle and without setae.

The two included genera are both monotypical and only known from the female
sex ; they occur in Australia where they are the only representatives of the family
Hystrichopsyllidae. The simplified structure of these fleas indicates that they are
true nest-fleas, as would be suspected from their apparent rarity.

Genus ACEDESTIA Jordan, 1937
Acedestia. Jordan, 1937, Novit. zool. 40: 312. Type species: A. cherva Jordan.

Head integricipit, shorter than high. Frontal tubercle small, contained in a pit.
No arch of tentorium visible in front of the eye. Maxillary and labial palps short,

ENTOM. 6, 2, 2

42 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

the latter five-segmented. Eye reduced. Preantennal and postantennal regions of
head each with one row of setae. Antennal club consisting of nine segments. Genal
ctenidium composed of four sharply pointed spines. Pronotum short; pronotal
ctenidium consisting of sharply pointed spines, the more dorsal of which are far
longer than the pronotum. All nota and terga II-VII each with only one row of
normal setae, tergum I with an incomplete additional row (as in Pulicidae). Metepi-
meron extending far dorsad of its spiracular fossa ; metasternum with a squamulum.
A subapical patch of small spiniform setae on inner side of hind coxa. Segment V
of all tarsi with four lateral pairs of setae, fore and mid tarsi also with a pair on the
planta between the members of the first lateral pair. Spiracles of metepimeron
and terga II-VII ovate, subacuminate posteriorly. Female with two antesensilial
setae ; sensilium extremely slightly convex dorsally, with about 14 trichobothria
each side ; anal stylet long and slender, with a long apical seta and two minute
subapical ones.

The only known species, A. chera Jordan, occurs in West Australia (Mahogany
Creek, Perth) and South Australia (Yorke Peninsula),! and only two females of it
have been obtained. Both were collected from members of the marsupial family
Peramelidae (bandicoots).

IDILLA gen. nov.

The following generic description is based on the female sex only. Head markedly
fracticipit, longer than high. Frontal tubercle absent. No arch of tentorium in
front of the eye, but the basal portion of the tentorial rod present. Maxillary and
labial palps short, the latter four-segmented. Eye vestigial. Preantennal region
of head with one row of setae and a large additional seta some distance above the
eye. Antennal club consisting of eight segments. Postantennal region with
one seta obliquely above the antennal scape, the posterior row represented by
only one fairly large ventro-marginal seta. Genal ctenidium consisting of four
pointed spines. Pronotum very short; pronotal ctenidium present, its spines
much longer than the pronotum. All nota and terga I-VII each with only one row
of strongly reduced setae. Metepimeron not extending far dorsad of its spiracular
fossa ; metasternum without a squamulum; no subapical setae on inner side of
hind coxa ; segment V of all tarsi with three lateral pairs of plantar setae and one
pair on the planta between the members of the first (basal) pair. Spiracles of
metepimeron and terga II-VII circular. Two antesensilial setae. Sensilium
distinctly convex dorsally. Anal stylet fairly long, with a short apical seta and two
minute subapical ones.

Type species: J. caelebs sp. n.

1 Jordan (1937, Novit. zool. 40 : 315) gives the data of the paratype as “‘ Queensland: Yorke Pen.,
off Parameles gunnei.’’—Yorke Peninsula (not Cape York Peninsula, which is in Queensland) is in South
Australia, and the host was presumably misdetermined, since Perameles gunni is known only from
eastern Victoria and Tasmania. Dr. G. M. Dunnet, of Canberra, very kindly informed me (a) that, as
far as is known, the collector of the paratype (Professor Wood Jones) never collected on the Cape York

Peninsula, and (b) that the host will very likely have been Perameles myosura, which is the form of
Perameles occurring in South Australia and west to Western Australia,

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 43

Idilla caelebs sp. n.
(Text-figs. 1-8)

TYPE MATERIAL. Female holotype collected at Colo Vale, near Mittagong, New
South Wales, Australia, from Antechinus flavipes, on 2.vi.1954, by A. L. Dyce.

Di1aGnosis. This new species is easily recognizable by the shape of the genal
and pronotal ctenidia, the fracticipit head, the absence of a pleural arch of the
metathorax, the three lateral pairs and one basal plantar pair of setae on all last
tarsal segments and the exceptionally strongly reduced chaetotaxy.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD (Text-fig. 1). Markedly fracticipit. Frontoclypeal margin
smoothly and fairly strongly rounded, without an angle or a frontal tubercle. Oral
margin very short. Preoral tuber hardly differentiated from the rest of the frontal
incrassation, which is fairly thick and even throughout. Preantennal part of head
with one row of four setae, two of which are of moderate length, the other two short
and thin ; an additional fairly large seta between the uppermost seta of the row and
the vestigial eye. Genal ctenidium oblique, consisting of four sharply pointed
spines of which the third is very slightly spatulate. Genal process short, its tip
visible below the fourth genal spine. Eye vestigial. Maxillary palp even a little
shorter than the labial palp ; the latter consists of only four segments and reaches
to about two-fifths the length of the fore coxa. Stipes, laciniae and epipharynx
also very short. Antennal club consisting of eight segments, the first two segments
apparently being amalgamated ; scape and pedicel each with only one small posterior
seta. The tentorial rod is short, only its basal portion being retained, and it does
not reach the preantennal part of the head. Interantennal suture and ridge very
well developed. Postantennal region of head with only one strongly shortened
(hence spiniform in appearance) seta above the antennal pedicel and two minute
setae bordering the antennal fossa ; of the usual posterior row of setae only a minute
dorsal seta and a normal-sized ventral seta are retained, but the latter seta is most
unusually placed, namely marginal and in a small sinus. The true occiput is teat-
shaped and extends to the posterior margin of the pronotum.

THORAX (Text-figs. 1, 2). Pronotum very short, with one row of six strongly
reduced setae on each side. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 16 spines which are
distinctly curved ; the dorsal spines are more than thrice as long as the pronotum
anterior to these spines. Mesonotum with one row of four very small setae each
side ; with a dorsal and a subventral short pseudoseta under its collar. Mesepister-
num with only one subspiniform ventral seta, mesepimeron with three ventral setae,
the first of which is marginal and spiniform, the second very long and the
third short. Metanotum also with one row of four strongly reduced setae each
side, metepisternum with one short seta, its semicircular posterior margin not
connecting up dorsally with the lower end of the ventral margin of the metanotum.
Metasternum with two fairly stout and short setae and without a squamulum,
metepimeron with two setae obliquely below the rounded spiracular fossa and a
vertical subventral row of three setae, the lowest of which is the longest. Pleural
arch of metathorax absent ; the furca long and narrow and bent backwards.

ENTOM. 6, 2, 3§

44

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

Fics. 1-6. Idilla caelebs gen. n., sp. n. (holotype). 1. Head, prothorax and fore coxa.
2. Mesothorax, metathorax and tergum I. 3. Mid coxa. 4. Hind coxa. 5. Hind
tibia. 6. Fifth hind tarsal segment.

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 45

Lecs. Outer surface of the broad fore coxa (Text-fig. 1) with about a dozen very
small lateral setae ; mid and hind coxae (Text-figs. 3, 4) without lateral setae on
either inner or outer side, but with a few short preapical and apical setae. Outer
internal ridge of mid and hind coxae somewhat shorter than the inner internal rod.
All femora without lateral setae and the outer of the two dorso-apical setae very
short, especially on the fore femur. Tibiae without lateral setae on the anterior
longitudinal half (Text-fig. 5) ; fore tibia with five groups of dorso-marginal setae,
consisting of 2, 3, 3, 2 and 4 setae respectively, mid tibia with six groups of 2, 2, 2,
3, 2 and 4 setae, and hind tibia (Text-fig. 5) also with six groups, consisting
of 2, 2, 2, 4, 2 and 4 setae respectively. Ratio of lengths of tibiae and tarsal
segments (petiolate bases omitted) :

Tarsal segments

fea cat a |
Leg Tibia I II III IV V
Fore ‘ 41 ‘ 12 13 12 12 28
Mid : 57 : 17 17 15 12 29
Hind : 62 ; 34 25 18 14 30

All tarsal setae are rather short and none of the apical setae of the second hind tarsal
segment reaches beyond the apex of the third segment. Fifth segment of all tarsi
with only three pairs of lateral plantar setae but with a basal plantar pair between
the members of the first lateral pair; the two preapical lateral setae very short
and on the distal two-thirds of the planta only a few minute setae (Text-fig. 6).

UNMODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS (Text-fig. 7, part). Terga I-VII each with
only one row of extremely short setae ; the rows of the two sides of each tergum do
not reach the dorsal margin ; on each side of terga I-VI these rows consist of three
setae (excluding intercalary setae) ; tergum VII with only two setae each side. Terga
I-III each with one subdorsal small marginal spinelet per side. Female with two
antesensilial setae on a very short pedestal, the upper seta two-fifths the length
of the lower. Spiracular fossa of terga II-VII rounded and situated a little above
the lowest seta of the row. Basal sternum without lateral setae and with only
one ventral seta each side ; sterna IIIJ-VI each with a very short subventral row of
three smallish setae per side.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA OF FEMALE (Text-figs. 7, 8).
Posterior margin of sternum VII forming a subventral lobe with a convex upper and
a short and slightly concave lower margin ; with only two setae, one near and one
at the ventral margin. Spiracular fossa of tergum VIII large, its dorsal half much
wider than the ventral half; posterior margin of tergum VIII with two groups of
two setae each ; six slender genital setae on the inner side of the apical portion of
tergum VIII. Sternum VIII rather high, with an acute ventro-posterior angle and
without setae. Sensilium dorsally distinctly convex. Anal stylet nearly thrice as
long as its maximum width, with a strongly oblique apex and one fairly long and
two minute apical setae. Anal segment pyriform, as in Text-fig. 8, with relatively
few but long and slender setae. Spermatheca with a narrow bulga and a shorter
and narrower hilla ; there are only a few indications of some ventral internal striae

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

46

7. Abdominal segments V-VIII and

, anal segment, sternum VIII and genitalia.

Fics. 7, 8. Idilla caelebs gen. n., sp. n. (holotype).

8. Sensilium

spermatheca.

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 47

at the place where the bulga merges into the hilla. Ductus spermathecae and
ductus bursae rather short; the bursa copulatrix is poorly preserved and the
junction of the ductus spermathecae with the bursa is invisible ; there is no trace
of a ductus obturatus.

LENGTH. 9 14mm.

REMARK. After the figures had been drawn the specimen was remounted in
order to make certain details more clearly visible. Asa result the position of certain
structures, e.g. the mouthparts, prosternosome and fore coxa are now slightly
different from those shown in the figures.

Subfamily RHADINOPS YLLINAE

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesoides sp. n.
(Text-figs. 9, II, 13)

”?

Rhadinopsylla ‘‘ mesa Jord.”” Jordan, 1938, Novit. zool. 41: 110.

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype from near the Gave [ = mountain stream]
d’Ossone, above Gavarnie, Hautes-Pyrénées, France, 1460 m., Talpa europaea
[accidentally ; true host Pitymys savii pyrenaicus], 13.vil.1936, K. Jordan.

Diacnosis. The new species is related to Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesa
Jordan & Rothschild, but readily distinguishable from the latter by having five
narrow genal spines instead of six broader ones. The movable process of the clasper
is also much narrower in the new species.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD (Text-fig. 9). Frontal tubercle well developed. Sub-
marginal frontal row with six setae; in R. mesa (Text-fig. 10) this number varies
from five to six. Between this row and the genal ctenidium two long setae and
several scattered minute setae. Genal ctenidium of five narrow sharply-pointed
spines, the uppermost of which reaches to about three-fifths the dorsal length of its
neighbour. In R. mesa this ctenidium consists of six (in two of the II specimens
examined there are five spines on one side of the head) much broader and blunter
spines, and the uppermost is basally distinctly broader than its neighbour. The
five-segmented labial palp does not quite reach the apex of the fore coxa.

THORAX. Pronotum ventrally nearly twice as long as dorsally, with a main row
of five setae per side, the lower of which being situated anterior to the midline of
the notum (Text-fig. 9) ; in R. mesa the pronotum is ventrally less long. Pronotal
ctenidium with 21 spines, the more ventral of which decrease progressively and
considerably in size ; in R. mesa the number of pronotal spines, which are blunter,
varies from 21-22, only in one male the number is 20. Mesonotum with a main
row of five setae each side, mesosternosome with four setae; metanotum with a
main row of five setae per side, metepisternum with three setae, metasternum with
one and metepimeron with five setae. Metathorax as in R. mesa (Text-fig. 66), with

1 The specimen was obtained on a mole, but this is almost certainly accidental. Jordan (1938 : 108)
records obtaining Pitymys savii pyrenaicus at the same place and altitude and notes that one of them was
trapped ina mole-run. There can be but little doubt that the Pitymys is the true host.

48 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

a long suture along the dorso-anterior margin of the metepimeron extending down-
wards to about the middle of the metepisternum.

Lecs. Hind tibia without setae on the inner side. Longest apical seta of the
second hind tarsal segment not quite reaching to the apex of the third segment (in

i l2 1 ae $

Fics. 9, 11. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesoides sp. n. (holotype). 9. Head
and prothorax. 11. Sternum VIII. Figs. 10, 12. Rhadinopsylia (Actenophthalmus)
mesa J. & R. (Steingletscher, B.O., Switzerland). 10. Preantennal part of head, ¢.
12. Sternum VIII, ¢.

R. mesa well beyond this apex). Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral
plantar setae.

UNMODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS. Numbers of setae per side in the main row
of terga I-VII: 4, 6, 6, 6,6, 6,5; only one seta below the spiracle on terga ITI-VI.
Numbers of spinelets at each side of the posterior margin of terga I-VI: 2, 3, 3, 2

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

Fic. 13. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesoides sp. n. (holotype). Clasper and
sternum IX. Fig. 14. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesa J. & R. (Steingletscher,
B.O., Switzerland). Clasper and sternum IX.

49

50 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

or 3, I or 2, 1. Numbers of setae per side on sterna II-VII: 0, 3 or 4, 3, 3, 3, 2
or 3.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA OF MALE (Text-figs. 11, 13).
Tergum VIII without setae. Posterior margin of sternum VIII broadly but not
very strongly rounded (Text-fig. 11) ; in R. mesa (Text-fig. 12) this margin forms a
more distinct bulge and in the latter species the setae are placed farther away from
the posterior margin. Clasper (Text-fig. 13), measured from tip of manubrium to
apex of fixed process, about two and a half times as long as the movable process ;
fixed process of clasper with a less acute dorso-posterior angle than in R. mesa
(Text-fig. 13, cf. Text-fig. 14), and the manubrium is markedly longer than in the
latter species ; the acetabular seta is placed below the lower end of the movable
process. Movable process narrow, of equal width from base to near apex, only
slightly curved; the fovea is situated a little above the middle of the anterior
margin, in R. mesa a little below the middle. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig.
13) more or less as that of R. mesa (Text-fig. 14), but relatively shorter and more
setose. Sensilium with 12 trichobothria each side; this is also the usual number
in R. mesa. The phallosome, which is so inconveniently uniform in the genus, does
not differ much from that of R. mesa; only its overall length is less than that of
R. mesa and the dorsal wall of the aedeagal inner tube is thinner.

LENGTH. ¢ nearly 24 mm. (R. mesa 3 2-23 mm.).

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha continentalis subsp. n.
(Text-figs. 15, 68)

Rectofrontia isacanthus Roths. Smit, 1950, Ent. Ber. 13 : 63, fig. 1.

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacanthus (Rothschild) (part). Smit, 1954, Danm. Fauna,
60 : 50, figs. 46, 53, 54; Smit, 1957, Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins. 1 (16) : 34, 35, figs. 55, 62, 63.
The figure of the clasper in these two publications were made from a specimen from Buré
d’Orval, France (now a paratype of R. (A.) i. continentalis) and those of the head and segment
VII of the female from a specimen from Wageningen, Netherlands, since until a recent donation
by Mr. R. B. Freeman there were only a few specimens from England in the Tring collection
and these were not well mounted and not ideal for drawing purposes.

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha (Rothschild). Smit, 1957, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.
(12) 10: fig. rr.

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and 4 3, 8 2 paratypes from
Buré d’Orval, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France, from nests of Clethrionomys glareolus
(except for 1 9 collected off a specimen of C. glareolus, and 3 2 from “‘ nest of mice ’’),
holotype and allotype collected on 3.i.1934, paratypes: I g, 1 9, 2.i1.1934; 1 4,
2 9, 3-1.1934; 19, 6.i1.1934; Ig, IQ, 31.i1.1934; 3 2, 29.11.1934; I f14.iv.1934;
all collected by H. Heim de Balzac.

DESCRIPTION. The new species only differs in the male from the nominate form,
which is only known from England, by having a much shorter movable process of
the clasper which consequently does not reach the apex of the fixed process, and by
the distal arm of sternum IX being relatively slightly narrower (Text-fig. 15, cf.
Text-fig. 16).

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

Fic. 15. Rhadinopsylia (Actenophthalmus) isacantha continentalis ssp. n. (holotype).
Clasper and sternum IX. Fig. 16. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha isacan-
tha (Rothschild) (Compton, Berkshire, England). Clasper and sternum IX.

ENTOM. 6, 2. 388

51

52 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

LENGTH. ¢ 2-2} mm., 2 2}-2? mm. (same as nominate subspecies).

REMARKS. Text-fig. 16 was drawn from a specimen which had hardly been
cleared or flattened ; Text-fig. 17 represents the clasper of the same specimen, but
after treatment with caustic potash and consequent greater flattening—in this
remounted specimen the movable process appears to be shorter than it was before,
but this is only due to a slight moving downwards of the process ; also the position
of the acetabular portion of the movable process has changed in relation to the main
part of the process. This illustrates clearly the desirability always to clear and
mount fleas in a similar way, and when observing minor discrepancies between
uncleared mounted and cleared mounted fleas of a certain form one should bear in
mind that the differences may be more apparent than real.

Fic. 17. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) tsacantha tsacantha (Rothschild)
(Compton, Berkshire, England). Clasper.

The great rarity of this winter flea of voles is evident from the fact that the Tring
collection contains only the type series of the new subspecies, and a sole female
from The Netherlands, while Professor F. Peus informs me that he has not yet
succeeded in collecting R. tsacantha in Germany ; of the nominate subspecies there
are only 12 specimens in the Tring collection.

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) strouhali sp. n.
(Text-figs. 18, 20, 21)
Rhadinopsylla (Rectofrontia) ‘‘ isacanthus Roths.”” Wagner, 1936, Konowia, 15 : 98, 1o1.

Rhadinopsylia (Actenophthalmus) ‘‘ isacantha (Rothschild) ’”’. Smit, 1955, Cat. Faun. Ausir.
XITXzZ : 2.

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype from Moosbrunn, Lower Austria, from a nest of
Talpa europaea, 1.iii.1927, M. Beier and H. Strouhal; in the Naturhistorisches
Museum in Vienna. .

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 53

Dr1acnosis. The new species appears to be related to R. isacantha and differs
from the latter by having a broader uppermost spine of the genal ctenidium, a shorter
clasper and a truncate apex of the distal arm of sternum IX of the male. Female
as yet unknown. ,

DESCRIPTION. The uppermost of the five genal spines is distinctly broader than
its neighbour and its apex reaches to about two-thirds the length of the latter spine

al 22

$

Fics. 18, 20, 21. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) strouhali sp. n. (holotype). 18. Pre-
antennal part of head. 20, Clasper and sternum IX. 21. Sternum VIII. Figs. 19,
22. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha isacantha (Rothschild), ¢ (Compton,
Berkshire, England). 19. Preantennal part of head. 22. Sternum VIII.

54 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

(Text-fig. 18, cf. Text-fig. 19). The five-segmented labial palp is rather short and
reaches to about two-thirds the length of the fore coxa. Pronotal ctenidium con-
sisting of 23 spines. Metathorax virtually the same as that of R. isacantha (see
Text-fig. 68). One seta on the inner side of the hind tibia. The longest apical
spine of the second hind tarsal segment reaches to about the apex of the third seg-
ment. Last tarsal segment of all legs with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. Only
one seta below the spiracle on terga III-VI. Number of marginal spinelets per side
on terga I-VI, 3: 3 or 4, 3 or 4, 4, 3, 2 or 3, I or 3 respectively. Sensilium with 12
trichobothria each side.

Modified abdominal segments of male (Text-figs. 20, 21). Tergum VIII without
setae. The row of four strong setae on sternum VIII (Text-fig. 21) is placed rather
distantly from the convex posterior margin; in R. isacantha the posterior margin
of sternum VIII below the angle is concave (Text-fig. 22). Clasper (Text-fig. 20,
cf. Text-figs. 15, 16), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, a
little over twice as long as the movable process. Fovea of movable process situated
in the apical portion of the process. Manubrium rather short. Acetabular seta
placed well above the ventro-posterior angle of the clasper. Distal arm of sternum
IX (Text-fig. 20, cf. Text-figs. 15, 16) about thrice as long as broad, with a markedly
truncate apical margin which meets the dorsal margin at about a right angle; the
distal arm bears relatively few setae.

LENGTH. ¢ 14mm.

Remarks. The occurrence of the specimen described above in the nest of Talpa
europaea is doubtless accidental ; the true host is presumably a microtine rodent.

I have pleasure in naming this new species after Professor H. Strouhal, Director
of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, whose unstinted efforts in obtaining
material of fleas for the preparation of the flea-list in the Catalogus Faunae Austriae
greatly increased our knowledge of the flea-fauna of his country, and who was one
of the two collectors of the holotype.

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) pitymydis (Zavattari), 1914 (species revo-
cata)

Neopsylla pitymydis. Zavattari, 1914, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 46: 144, fig.
(Cascinelle, Borzoli, Liguria, from Pitymys savii and Pitymys subterraneus multiplex).

Neopsylla pitymydis Zavattari. Jordan, 1921, Ectoparasites, 1: 141 (considered a synonym of
Rhadinopsylla isacanthus).

Since I found that records of R. isacantha from Austria and Yugoslavia refer to
misdetermined specimens of respectively R. strouhali and R. dolomydis, and that R.
tsacantha proved to consist of two subspecies which are only known from England,
Holland and northern France, the suggested synonymy of R. pitymydis with R.
tsacantha is now very doubtful, and I regard R. pitymydis as a good species.
Dr. C. Conci, of Genoa, very kindly searched for the r g 1 2 syntypes (no other
specimens being known) of Zavattari’s species, but unfortunately they appear
to have been lost. Zavattari’s description and figure are very unsatisfactory, but
the drawing shows a definite widening of the apex of the distal arm of sternum

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 55

IX; in R. isacantha this apex is never widened. Jordan (1921) examined the
male syntype of pitymydis and commented on the greater width of the apex of
sternum IX as compared with British specimens of R. isacantha. Zavattari’s figure
shows that the body of the clasper of R. pitymydis is broader and blunter than that
of R. tsacantha, but the drawing is very sketchy and may not be wholly correct ;
Jordan did not remark on any differences in the clasper.

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) orama sp. n.
(Text-figs. 23-28, 75)

Rectofrontia “ fraterna (Baker) ’’. Fox, 1940, Fleas eastern United States : 38, 39, Pl. X, fig. 47
(Kensington, Maryland).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. From the collection of Lt.-Col. R. Traub: Male holotype
and female allotype, Jonesville area, Lee Co., Virginia, U.S.A., from a nest of
Microtus pennsylvanicus, 25.xi1.1947, D. W. Pfitzer; 1 2 paratype, Covington,
Virginia, from nest of Neotoma magister, 14.xi.1951, V. J. Tipton and J. J. O’Keefe
(this specimen has been kindly presented by Lt.-Col. Traub to the Tring collection) ;
I 2 paratype, Giant City State Park, Illinois, from debris, 6.iii.1945, H. Ross and
M. Sanderson. From the U.S. National Museum collection : 1 $ paratype, Kensing-
ton, Maryland, from Microtus pennsylvanicus, 22.11.1924, H.S. Barber ; 1 9 paratype
Glen Mills, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania, from Blarina brevicauda talpoides, 28 .i.1948,
F. Harper; 1 g paratype, U. T. farm, deciduous wood near orchard, Knox Co.,
Tennessee, 7.i1i.1947, Pitymys pinetorum, D. W. Pfitzer (this specimen has been
donated to the Tring collection by the U.S.N.M.). On Lt.-Col. Traub’s request the
holotype and allotype have been deposited in the U.S. National Museum collection,
Washington D.C.

Diacnosis. The new species is easily distinguishable, apart from the small size,
from other North American representatives of the genus in the male by the distinct
widening of the apical half of the distal arm of sternum IX, and in the female by the
shape and striation of the spermatheca and the presence of one or two strong setae
anterior to the widened part of the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII. The structure
of the metathorax also forms a useful diagnostic character, and the number of
marginal spinelets on terga I-VI is greater than in related North American species.

DESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium normally consisting of five spines (in one male
and one female there are only four spines on one side of the head), the uppermost
of which is basally not very much broader than the neighbouring spine and its tip
reaches to two-thirds the length of the latter spine (Text-figs. 23, 24). The five-
segmented labial palp reaches to about four-fifths the length of the fore coxa.
Pronotal ctenidium usually consisting of 20 or 21 relatively short spines (in one
female 22, in another 24 spines). Metanotum without a vertical sclerotized ridge
underlying the main row of setae and with a very short pale suture between the
ventral margin of the collar and the dorso-anterior margin of the metepimeron
(Text-fig. 75). There are no setae on the inner side of the hind tibia. The longest
apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment reaches at most to the middle of the

56 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID

SITPHONAPTERA

Fics. 23-28. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) ovama sp. n. 23. Preantennal part of
24. Preantennal part of head (allotype). 25. Clasper and sternum

head (holotype).
IX (holotype).

(paratype, Illinois).

26. Sternum VIII (holotype).

27. Dorsal part of tergum VIII, 9

28. Segment VII and spermatheca (allotype).

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 57

fourth segment. Last tarsal segment of all legs with four pairs of lateral plantar
setae. Only one seta below the spiracular fossa on terga III-VI. Number of
marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, 3: 3 (4), 4 (5), 3 or 4, 2 or 3, 2 or 3, 2 0r3; @:
3 (2), 4 (2), 3 or 4, 2 or 3, 2, Tor 2. Sensilium with 12 trichobothria each side.

Mate. Tergum VIII without setae. Sternum VIII (Text-fig. 26) with a
rounded posterior margin and only three setae each side; these setae are situated
quite distantly from the posterior margin. Clasper (Text-fig. 25), measured from
tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, thrice as long as the movable process.
The faintly marked angle in the anterior margin of the movable process (at level
with the most ventral point of the fovea) is situated at three-sevenths the length
from the apex of the movable process. One fairly long acetabular seta at level of,
or a little above, the ventral end of the movable process. Distal arm of sternum IX
(Text-fig. 25) markedly widened in its apical half, its setae not very long ; the apical
margin forms a right angle with the dorsal margin of the arm.

FEMALE. Posterior margin of tergum VII as in Text-fig. 28 ; posterior margin
of sternum VII with a rather small subventral sinus, above which a broadly rounded
lobe ; the sternum with a row of only 3 or 4 setae per side (Text-fig. 28). Tergum
VIII (Text-fig. 27) with a row of 2 or 3 setae below the large spiracular fossa, and
one or two in front of the fossa; the latter is large but its tubular part is short
(Text-fig. 27). Anal stylet about four times as long as its maximum width. Ductus
bursae a little shorter than the fifth (uppermost) genal spine. Spermatheca with a
wide bulga and only a rather narrow band of internal striations (Text-fig. 28).

LENGTH. ¢ 14 mm., 9 14-2 mm.

REMARK. This species appears to be a winter flea and restricted geographically
to the eastern United States ; microtine rodents are very likely the true hosts.

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) fraterna (Baker), 1895
(Text-figs. 29-33, 48, 60)

Typhlopsylla fraterna. Baker, 1895, Canad. Ent. 27 : 189, 190 (Brookings, South Dakota, host
not recorded).

Ctenophthalmus fraternus Baker. Baker, 1904, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 27 : 420, 423, 450.

Typhlopsylla fraterna Baker. Rothschild, 1913, Entomologist, 46: 297 (referred to Rhadino-
psylla).

Neopsylla hamiltoni. Dunn, 1923, in Dunn & Parker, Publ. Hlth Rep., Wash. 38 : 2770, 2775
(Spoon Creek, southwest of Darby, Montana, from Neotoma cinerea).

Rhadinopsylla fraternus Baker. Jordan, 1929, Novit. zool. 35 : 184.

Rectofrontia fraternus Bak. Wagner, 1936, Canad. Ent. 68 : 203.

Rectofrontia fraterna Baker. Jordan, 1937, Novit. zool. 40:270 (N. hamiltoni placed as a
synonym).

Rectofrontia fraterna (Baker). Ewing & Fox, 1943, (part) Misc. Publ. U.S. Dep. Agric. (500) :
80, fig. 9D.

Rectofyontia fraterna (Baker). Hubbard, 1947, (part) Fleas western N. America : 355, fig. 218.

Rectofrontia fraterna (Baker). Holland, 1949, (part) Siphonaptera of Canada : 91, figs. 97-99,
map II.

Rhadinopsylla (Rectofrontia) fraterna (Baker). Morlan & Prince, 1955, Texas Rep. Biol. Med,
12 : 1045, fig. 3.

58 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

MATERIAL EXAMINED. From the collection of the U.S. National Museum: 1 4,
Grand Forks, North Dakota, from Citellus sp., 20.v.1937, J. M. Davis; 1 9,
Kremling, Colorado, from Wyoming ground squirrel (= Citellus richardson elegans),
13.iv.1939, N. B. Migutoff ; 1 g, Hanna, Alberta, Canada, from Citellus richardsoni,
I.vi.1939, G. P. Holland; 1 9, High River, Alberta, from Citellus richardsoni,
28. viii.1938, G. P. Holland.—From the collection of the Tring Museum: 1 4,
Ravalli Co., Montana, from Neotoma cinerea, 10.iii.1934, R. R. Parker; 1 Q,
Ravalli Co., Montana, from Citellus columbianus, 23.vi.1932, R. R. Parker; 6 ¢,
6 9, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, from Citellus richardsont, 12.iv.1g01, G. F. Dippie ;
I 9, Calgary, Alberta, from Mustela frenata longicauda, 12.iv.1901, G. F. Dippie ;
2 6, 89, Calgary, Alberta, from Citellus richardsont, 11.iv.1907, G. F. Dippie; 1 9,
Calgary, Alberta, from Cuztellus richardsoni, 17.iv.1907, G. F. Dippie; 2 dg, 2 9,
Calgary, Alberta, from Mustela frenata longicauda, 1910, G. F. Dippie; 2 4, 2 9,
Calgary, Alberta, from Mustela sp., 20.viii.1913, Mackay and G. F. Dippie: 2 4,
3 9, Alberta, from Mustela frenata longicauda, 21.ix.1900, G. F. Dippie; 1 g,
Alberta, from Thomomys sp., 1906, A. D. Gregson ; 1 9, Alberta, from Mustela sp. ;
I 9, Canadian National Park, Alberta, from Ochotona princeps, 26.viii.1899, G. F.
Dippie; 2 3g, 2 2, Blackfalds, Alberta, from Thomomys sp., 1910, A. D. Gregson ;
t 9, Red Deer, Alberta, from Microtus drummondi, G. F. Dippie; 1 9, Park Co.,
Wyoming, from Cynomys leucurus, 20.vii.1940; I 9, Jackson Co., Colorado, from
Cynomys leucurus, 20.vii.1940 ; I 9, Jackson Co., Colorado, from Cynomys leucurus,
15. vii. 1937, F. M. Prince.

DiaGnosis. The male differs from related North American species by having a
seta on tergum VIII and by details of the modified segments ; both sexes usually
“possess two setae below the spiracle on several terga, while the other species des-
cribed here have only one such seta. The female may be distinguished from that of
other North American species by the fairly small size of the expanded part and of
the tubular portion of the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII.

REDESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium (Text-figs. 29, 30) consisting of five (occa-
sionally six) spines, the upper of which is basally much broader than the lower four
and reaches to about two-thirds the length of its neighbour. The five-segmented
labial palp does not quite reach the apex of the fore coxa. The number of spines
in the pronotal ctenidium varies from 21 to 27, the usual number being 24. Metano-
tum with a dorsal remnant of the vertical sclerotized ridge; the suture between
the ventral margin of the collar and the dorso-anterior margin of the metepimeron is
fairly long (Text-fig. 60). Usually two setae on the inner side of the hind tibia.
The apex of the longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment does not reach
the apex of the fourth segment, but usually to about the middle of the fourth segment
or a little beyond. Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae.
Usually two setae below the spiracular fossa on terga [II-VI in either sex. Number
of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, J: 3 (2-4), 2 or 3 (1-4), 2 (1-4), 2 (I-3), I or
2 (3), 0 (1); Q: 3 (2-4), 2 or 3 (1-4), 2 (1), I or 2, I, 0 (1) respectively. The upper
of the two antesensilials in the female is a little longer than the lower; the margin
of tergum VII below these setae forms about a right angle (Text-fig. 33). Sensilium
apparently with 14 trichobothria each side in both sexes,

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

32

Fics 29-33. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) fraterna (Baker) (Ravalli Co., Montana).

29. Preantennal part of head, ¢.
sternum IX. 32. Sternum VIII.

30. Preantennal part of head, 9. 31. Clasper and
33. Abdominal segment VII and spermatheca,

59

60 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

Male (Text-figs. 31, 32). Tergum VIII normally with one longish seta below the
level of the spiracular fossa. Sternum VIII (Text-fig. 32) rather variable, with 5-8
long setae. Clasper (Text-fig. 31), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of
fixed process, a little over twice as long as the movable process. Fovea of movable
process situated at about one-fourth the length of the anterior margin from the
apex. Manubrium not very long. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 31) with a
straight apical margin which forms about a right angle with the dorsal margin.

Female (Text-figs. 33, 48). Posterior margin of sternum VII (Text-fig. 33) with
a fairly large ventral sinus; the sternum with 5-10 setae each side. Tergum VIII
(Text-fig. 48) without setae anterior to the expansion of the spiracular fossa, but
with a row of 3-6 setae below the spiracle. Anal stylet about four times as long as
broad. Spermatheca as in Text-fig. 33.

LENGTH. 4 2-24mm.; 2 2-3 mm.

REMARK. This species is obviously a parasite of ground squirrels.

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) arborea sp. n.
(Text-figs. 34-38, 50)

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and 10 J, 18 9 paratypes from
Red Deer River, Canadian Rocky Mountains, from Tamiasciurus hudsonicus baileyi,
1907, A. D. Gregson.

Diacnosis. Differing from related species by the greater relative height of the
genal ctenidium ; the male differs from R. fraterna by the absence of a seta on tergum
VIII, from R. orama and R. media by having a lateral seta on the inner side of the
hind tibia and from R. difficilis and R. linta by the structure of the modified segments.
The female may be distinguished from that of related species by the high genal
ctenidium and the long tubular portion of the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII.

DESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium of five spines which do not touch each other at
their bases; the height of the ctenidium is greater than in related species; the
apex of the uppermost genal spine reaches to about two-thirds the length of the
following spine (Text-figs. 34, 35). The five-segmented labial palp reaches to about
four-fifths the length of the fore coxa. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 22 spines
(varying from 21 to 23). Metathorax of the fraterna type (see Text-fig. 60). Hind
tibia with one lateral seta on the inner side. The longest apical seta of the second
hind tarsal segment usually reaches to about the middle of the fourth segment.
Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. Only one seta
below the spiracular fossa on terga III-VI. Number of marginal spinelets on terga
I-VI, $3: 2 or 3 (1), I or 2 (3), I or 2 (3), I (2), I (0), 0 (1); 2: 3 (2), 2 or 3 (1-4),
I or 2 (3), I (2), I (0), 0 (I) respectively. Margin of tergum VII of the female below
the two antesensilial setae distinctly concave (Text-fig. 38) ; the upper of these two
setae is as long as or slightly longer than the lower.

Male (Text-figs. 36, 37). Tergum VIII without setae. Sternum VIII (Text-fig.
37) forming a broadly rounded lobe, with 4-7 long setae. Clasper (Text-fig. 36),
measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, a little over twice as long

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

Fics. 34-38. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) arborea sp. n. (Red Deer River, Alberta,
Canada). 34. Preantennal part of head (holotype). 35. Preantennal part of head
(allotype). 36. Clasper and sternum IX (holotype). 37. Sternum VIII (holotype).
38. Abdominal segment VII and spermatheca (paratype).

61

62 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

as the movable process. FFovea of the movable process at about the middle of the
anterior margin of the process. Manubrium short. The very short acetabular
seta is situated near the ventral end of the movable process. Distal arm of sternum
IX (Text-fig. 36) with a very oblique apical margin.

Female (Text-figs. 38, 50). Posterior margin of sternum VII with a ventral
sinus, above which a well-developed rounded lobe; with 4 or 5 setae each side
(Text-fig. 38). A vertical row of 3 or 4 setae below the spiracular fossa of tergum
VIII; the apical expansion of the fossa is rather small, but the tubular portion is
long (Text-fig. 50). Anal stylet about thrice as long as its maximum width.
Spermatheca as in Text-fig. 38.

LENGTH. ¢ 2-24 mm., 9 2}-3 mm.

REMARK. The occurrence of the representatives of this new species on a tree-
squirrel is most unexpected since no other species of the genus occur on arboreal
hosts ; in view of the fact that it is so abundantly different from the ground-squirrel
species R. fraterna, the tree-squirrel may indeed be the true host for R. arborea—it
is worth noting that a long series was collected from (presumably the nest of) that
host. }

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) media sp. n.
(Text-figs. 39, 40)

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype and two ¢ paratypes from Mingan, Quebec,
Canada, from Clethrionomys gapperit proteus, 31.x.1947, R. Traub. Holotype in
the U.S. National Museum, one paratype in the collection of Lt.-Col. R. Traub, one
paratype in the Tring collection.

Diacnosis. The male of this new species differs from that of related forms by
the combination of the fovea of the movable process of the clasper being situated
at about the middle of the anterior margin of the process and the rounded-off apex
of the distal arm of sternum IX. Female not known.

DESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium of the fraterna type, consisting of five spines,
the apex of the uppermost spine reaching to about three-fifths the length of the
fourth spine. The five-segmented labial palp reaches nearly to the apex of the fore
coxa. Pronotal ctenidium with 21-22 spines. Metathorax of the fraterna type (see
Text-fig. 60). No lateral setae on the inner side of the hind tibia. Longest apical
seta of the second hind tarsal segment reaching only a little beyond the apex of the
third segment. Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae.
One seta below the spiracular fossa on terga III-VI. Numbers of marginal spinelets
on terga I-VI, g: 2 or 3, 2, 2, 2 (1), I or 2, I (0) respectively. Sensilium with
apparently 12 trichobothria per side.

Male. Tergum VIII without setae. Posterior margin of sternum VIII (Text-
fig. 40) forming a projecting lobe ; the sternum normally with five long setae each
side. Clasper (Text-fig. 39), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed
process, a little over twice as long as the movable process. Angle of anterior margin
of movable process situated a little below the middle of the margin, the fovea being

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 63

at about the middle of the anterior margin. Manubrium fairly slender, but in one
specimen somewhat shorter than in the specimen drawn. The acetabular seta is
placed well above the level of the ventral margin of the movable process. Distal
arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 39) only a little widening towards the apex, which bears

Fics. 39, 40. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) media sp. n. (holotype).
39. Clasper and sternum IX. 40. Sternum VIII.

rather few setae ; the apical margin of this arm is smoothly rounded.

LENGTH. ¢ 2-2} mm.

REMARK. In the Rothschild collection are a few specimens from Alberta and
British Columbia (Kicking Horse Canyon) which agree fairly well with the Mingan
males, but in view of geographical considerations I refrain as yet from identifying
these west Canadian specimens as belonging to R. media.

64

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

Fics. 41-43. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) difficilis sp.n. 41. Clasper and sternum
IX (holotype). 42. Sternum VIII (holotype). 43. Abdominal segment VII and
spermatheca (allotype).

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 65

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) difficilis sp. n.
(Figs. 41-43, 47)

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and one female paratype from
Kelowna, British Columbia, from Mustela sp., collected on 24.xii.1919 (holotype)
and xii.1922-1.1923 (allotype and paratype) by A. Tate; 1 2 paratype, Cedar
Creek, Upper Columbia Valley, from Putorius cicognani, 26.v.1g10, W. Wenmann.

Diacnosis. The male can be distinguished from that of related forms by the
structure of the modified abdominal segments ; the female resembles that of R.
fraterna, but it has only one seta below the spiracle of terga III—-VI and the spiracular
fossa of tergum VIII is somewhat larger.

DESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium consisting of five spines, the uppermost of which
is basally distinctly broader than the other four spines and its apex reaches to
about two-thirds or five-eighths the length of the neighbouring spine. The five-
segmented labial palp reaches to about three-fourths the length of the fore coxa.
Pronotal ctenidium with 21 spines in the single available male, 21 to 23 in the female.
Metathorax of the fraterna type (see Text-fig. 60). Hind tibia with or without a
seta on the inner side. Longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment
reaching to a little beyond the middle of the fourth segment. Fifth segment of all
tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. One seta below the spiracular fossa
in terga III-VI. Numbers of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, $: 2 or 3, 2, I or
2,1,1,0; 9: 2 or 3, 2-4, I or 2, I or 2, I, 0 (1) respectively. Tergum VII of female
as in Text-fig. 43.

Male. Tergum VIII without setae. Posterior margin of sternum VIII (Text-
fig. 42) very broadly rounded, the sternum with 5-8 long setae per side. Clasper
(Text-fig. 41), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, two and a
half times as long as the movable process. Fovea situated at the middle of the
anterior margin of the movable process, the latter rather broad and short. The
acetabular seta is placed at the level of the lower end of the movable process. Distal
arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 41) about thrice as long as wide, with a fairly oblique
apex.

Female. Posterior margin of sternum VII with a large ventral sinus ; the sternum
has a row of 4-6 setae each side (Text-fig. 43). A row of 3-4 setae below the spiracu-
lar fossa of tergum VIII, the fossa rather large (Text-fig. 47). Anal stylet about
four times as long as broad. Spermatheca as in Text-fig. 43.

LENGTH. 3g 1? mm., 2 24} mm.

Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) linta sp. n.
(Text-figs. 44-46, 49)

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and one female paratype from
Atlin, British Columbia, from Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni (holotype) and Neotoma
cinerea saxamans, 1933, H. S. Swarth.

Diacnosis. The male differs from that of related species with no setae on tergum

66

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

Fics. 44-46. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) linta sp. n. 44. Clasper and sternum
IX (holotype). 45. Sternum VIII (holotype). 46. Abdominal segment VII and
spermatheca (allotype).

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 67

VIII by the shape of sternum VIII, movable process and sternum IX ; the female
may not be easily distinguishable from that of related species.

DESCRIPTION. The upper of the five genal spines (in one female six on both
sides) is basally broader than the other four spines and its apex reaches to about
two-thirds the length of the neighbouring spine. The five-segmented labial palp
reaches to about three-fourths the length of the fore coxa in the male, and to near

49 5O $

Fics. 47-50. Dorsal part of tergum VIII, 9, of: 47. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus)
difficilis sp. n. (paratype). 48. R. (A.) fraterna (Baker) (Montana). R. (A.) linta sp.
n. (allotype). 50. R. (A.) arborea sp. n. (allotype).

the apex of the fore coxa in the female. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 22-23
spines. Metathorax of the fraterna type (see Text-fig. 60). One or two setae on
the inner side of the hind tibia. Longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal
segment reaching to the middle of the fourth segment. Fifth segment of all tarsi
with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. One seta below the spiracular fossa on
terga III-VI. Numbers of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, 3: 2 or 3, 2, 1, I or 2,
I,1; 2: 3 or 4, 2 (3), 2, I (2), I (0), o (1) respectively. Tergum VII of the female
as in Text-fig. 46. Sensilium with 12 trichobothria each side.

68 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

Male. Tergum VIII without setae. Sternum VIII (Text-fig. 45) with six setae
each side and a rounded posterior margin. Clasper (Text-fig. 44), measured from
tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, twice as long as the movable process.
Angle of anterior margin of movable process placed a little above the middle of this
margin. Manubrium fairly long. No trace of an acetabular seta could be found in
the male, but this is no doubt an abnormality. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-
fig. 44) distinctly and gradually narrowing towards the oblique apex.

Female. Posterior margin of sternum VII with a fairly large ventral sinus ; the
sternum with 7-11 setae each side (Text-fig. 46). In one female (Text-fig. 49) there
are 2 or 3 setae below the spiracle of tergum VIII, in the other 7 (this may be ab-
normal). Apical expansion of the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII very small
(Text-fig. 49). Anal stylet four times as long as broad. Spermatheca as in Text-
fig. 46.

LENGTH. 4 24} mm., 2 24-3 mm.

The Taxonomic Value of the Metathorax in RHADINOPSYLLA

In general little use has been made of the structure of the metathorax of fleas
for taxonomic purposes. Admittedly, in a number of genera the metathorax appears
to be rather uniform in structure in all the members of a particular genus, but the
members of Rhadinopsylla demonstrate a great variety in this segment, serving as
an important aid in the identification of these fleas which on the whole are not easy
to identify. The metathorax is practically not sexually dimorphic.

The main points of taxonomic interest in the metathorax of species examined!
are :

I. The development of the internal sclerotized vertical ridge of the metanotum
situated under the main row of setae ; the following degrees of development can be
distinguished :

(a) The ridge is complete and its ventral end joins the upper part of the
posterior vertical ridge of the metepisternum ;

(5) the ridge extends downward to about the lowest seta of the main row ;

(c) the ridge extends at most to about the middle of the main row of setae ;

_(d) the ridge is absent.

II. Number of setae on the metasternum ; there is always one large seta (a), but
in a number of species there is an additional shorter seta above it (0).

III. Suture between the ventral margin of the metanotal collar and the dorso-
anterior margin of the metepimeron ; the following degrees of development can be
enumerated :

(a) The suture extends downwards to below the dorso-posterior angle of the
metepisternum ; ;

1 No specimens of the following species and subspecies of Rhadinopsylla have been available for study :
subgenus Ralipsylla: li li Argyropulo, li transbaikalica Ioff & Tiflov, semenovi Argyropulo, ventricosa
murium loft & Tiflov; subgenus Actenophthalmus : accola Wagner, acuminata loft & Tiflov, altaica
(Wagner), aspalacis loff & Tiflov, dahurica diclinica Tiflov, d. tjanshan Ioff & Tiflov, d. vicina Wagner,
caucasica Argyropulo, mexicana Barrera, pilosa loft & Tiflov, pseudodahurica Scalon and rothschildi loft,

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 69

(b) the suture reaches to or almost to that angle ;
(c) the suture reaches to about the middle or two-thirds of the distance to

the dorso-posterior metepisternal angle ;

so sewnseveenenee sri aer™
etna nenen sent

- at
a

54 Nee SS

Fics. 51, 52. Metathorax of g of: 51. Rhadinopsylia (Micropsylla) sectilis goodi
(Hubbard) (Vancouver, British Columbia). 52. Rhadinopsylla (Rhadinopsylla) cedestis
Rothschild (near Panfilov, S.E. Kazakhstan). Fig. 53. Rhadinopsylla (Rhadinopsylia)
masculana J. & R. (allotype, 9, Khenchela, Algeria). Figs. 54, 55. Metathorax of :
54. Rhadinopsylla (Micropsylloides) jaonis Jordan (9, Ilan, NW. Sunkiang prov.,
Manchuria). 55. Rhadinopsylia (Ralipsylia) ventricosa loff & Tiflov (g, Ottuk,
Tyan-Shan).

79 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

(d) the suture reaches at most to half that distance but continues as a faint
thin line ;

(e) the suture reaches at most to half the distance but does not usually con-
tinue as a faint thin line.

e

ee
a cna

\eera

“ff oe 59

F/

Fics. 56-59. Metathorax of ¢ of: 56. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) pentacantha
(Rothschild) (Tring). 57. R. (A.) japonica Sakaguti & Jameson (paratype, Mt.
Kurama, Japan). 58. R. (A.) dives Jordan (paratype, Tsienkiatien, 25 miles E. of
Tungliao, Manchuria). 59. R. (A.) dahurica dahurica J. & R. (paratype, Manchouli
(= Lupin), Manchuria).

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 71

IV. The dorsal horizontal ridge of the metepisternum. This is absent only in

the subgenus Micropsylla (Text-fig. 51) ; in the species of the other subgenera it is
developed in a variety of ways, see Text-figs. 52-75.

V. The junction between the dorsal and the posterior ridge of the metepisternum ;

only in three species of Rhadinopsylla s. str. (cedestis, socia and ukrainica) these two
ridges do not join up.

AL

, ome
= ee,
ee —— —
‘an SA] =
Sh as :
7T.WAG

_ LE

> 6l

|
Ss * — =
- 62

63

Fics. 60-63. Metathorax of: 60. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) fraterna (Baker)

(g, Ravalli Co., Montana). 61. R. (A.) integella J. & R. (g, Schwarzwald Alp, B.O.,
Switzerland). 62. R. (A.) valenti Darskaya (2, Taegu, Korea). 63. R. (A.) insolita
Jordan (g, Ta-Lin, near Tsienkiatien, Manchuria).

72

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

=

> 2 Aes HER)

Fics. 64-67. Metathorax of fg of : 64. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) multidenticulata
Morlan & Prince (Greenlee Co., Arizona). 65. R. (A.) tof Wagner (Katon-Karagai,
66. R. (A.) mesa J. & R. (near Wengen, B.O., Switzerland).

Altai, E. Kazakhstan).
67. R. (A.) heiseri (McCoy) (Washington Co., Utah).

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 73

VI. Number of setae on the metepisternum ; the normal number is three, but
there are only two setae in the subgenera Micropsylla and Micropsylloides and in
R. (A.) tenella, while in the one specimen of R. (A.) strouhali studied there is only one
seta on either side, but that may be abnormal.

VII. Shape of metepisternum ; this varies a great deal and I refer to Text-figs.
51-75 since the different shapes would be difficult to describe.

——

——S—

297.

Fics. 68-71. Metathorax of g of: 68. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha con-
tinentalis ssp. n. (Buré d’Orval, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France). 69. R. (A.) dolomydis
Smit (paratype, Mt. Trebevi¢, Bosnia, Yugoslavia). 70. R. (A.) concava loff & Tiflov
(Korea). 71. R.(A.) angusta Tiflov (Trans-Ili Alatau, south of Alma Ata, Kazakhstan).

74 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA

VIII. The shape of the metasternum and of the metepimeron differs considerably
in the various species ; see Text-figs. 51-75.

IX. The chaetotaxy of the metepimeron varies somewhat ; see Text-figs. 51-75.

X. The shape and length of the furca are individually too variable to be of much
use for taxonomic purposes.

Fics. 72-75. Metathorax of: 72. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) tenella Jordan
(holotype g, near Tsienkiatien, Manchuria). 73. R. (A.) attenuata Jameson &
Sakaguti (?, Ohara, Honshu, Japan). 74. R. (A.) bureschi Jordan (holotype 4,
Cam-Kuria, Bulgaria). 75. R. (A.) orama sp. n. (holotype g, Lee Co., Virginia,

U.S.A,).

NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 75

Table of Characters I-III of the Metathorax in Rhadinopsylla.

I(a) I(b) (ce) Id) Ii(a) IT(b) IUI(a) IIT(b) Il1(c) II1(d) 11 (e)
ibgenus Micropsylla

sectilis sspp. (Text-fig. 51) . + - = - ++ — ~ + — — —

bgenus Rhadinopsylla
no culana Text-fig. 53) +

re
a:
|
Ne as

yivirgis : ; ’ -
cedestis (Text-fig. 52) . —

++++ |
|
I |
+++ 1
|
+++44+
|
|
|
|

Rrainica . ; ; ot

bgenus Micropsylloides
jaonis (Text-fig. 54) . iar

a
|
|

+4
|

se
|
|
|
|

b genus Ralipsylla
v. ventricosa (Text-fig. 55) . + _ = = ae = = a - -

be genus Actenophthalmus

bentacantha (Text-fig. 56) +
japonica (Text-fig. 57) . . +
lives (Text-fig. 58) _ >
: dahurica (Text-fig.59) . —
fraterna ets 60) . _- _
woorea ; ee =
nedia . : : = =
dif ilis : : F -_ —
ntegella (Text-fig. 61) . ._- —
lalenti (Text-fig. 62) . = —
q msolita (Text-fig. 63) . — =_
ultidenticulata (Text-fig. 64) _ —
offi (Text-fig. 65) ‘ ._ = _—
sa (Text-fig. 66) ‘ = _
Bsoides ‘ ; = _ _
seri (Text-fig. 67) P _ _ —
acantha sspp. (Text-fig. 68). - — —
tro hai. _ _ —
olomydis (Text-fig. 69) —— _ =
mcava (Text-fig. 70) . = _ —
ta (Text-fig. 71) . = _ --
a (Text-fig. 72) . = — —
} ata (Text-fig. 73) _ = — _
ureschi (Text-fig. 74) . _- _ _
a (Text-fig. 75). _= _ _

|
|
eat es a wo a a A al |
|
|

|
~ |

iby waa hat are aia neh se a ee
|
beatal
te ee a ed ee a)
|

[++ |
|

|
|

Meo aoe ae i a
|

t+++t+++++44+44 |
I |

+++ et4+4+4+44 |

ee |

ie

iid

+1 |

L+++1

76 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA ©

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am deeply indebted to the following colleagues for the loan or donation of
specimens: Dr. G. M. Dunnet (loan of the holotype of Idilla caelebs), Mr. R. B.
Freeman (donation of two pairs of R. 7. tsacantha), Professor H. Strouhal (loan of
the holotype of R. strouhali), Dr. P. T. Johnson (loan of paratypes of R. orama),
Capt. V. J. Tipton (loan of R. valenti and gift of R. concava) and Lt.-Col. R. Traub
(loan and gift of type material of R. orama and R. media).

NEUE EROTYLIDEN
AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM
21. BEL:wkwAG ZUR KENNTNIS
DER EROTYLIDEN (COL)

KURT DELKESKAMP

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 3
LONDON : 1957

NEUE EROTYLIDEN
AUS DEM BRITSICHEN MUSEUM
21. BEITRAG ZUR KENNTNIS
DER EROTYLIDEN (COL.)

VON

KURT DELKESKAMP (

Berlin we :

Pp. 77-90; 5 Text figures

BULLETIN “OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 3

LONDON: 1957

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), «stituted in 1949, 1s
issued tn five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Paris appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 6, No. 3 of the Entomological
serves.

2 0 DEC 1957

ae
Qe WSS

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued December, 1957 Price Five Shillings

NEVE EROTYLIDEN
AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM
2t. BEITRAG ZUR. KENNINIS
DER. EROTYLIDEN (COL.)

Von KURT DELKESKAMP

SYNOPSIS

This paper is based mainly on material in the British Museum (N.H.). Two new species and
one new subspecies of Amblyopus are described.

The name Scelidopetalon is proposed for Petaloscelis Gorh. 1896 (nec. Bergroth 1893) and a
new species of Scelidopetalon is described.

One new species and one new subspecies of Aulacochilus are described and also a new species
of Tamboria.

The holotypes of the new species, with the exception of Amblyopus niger, A. cinctipennis Lac.
ssp. trimaculatus and Tamboria coerulea are in the British Museum (N.H.).

Vom Britischen Museum, London, erhielt ich eine kleine Kollektion von Erotyliden,
deren Bearbeitung sich Herr G. J. Arrow vorgenommen hatte, aber leider nicht
mehr durchfiihren konnte, weil ihm der Tod am 4.x.1948 die Feder aus der Hand
nahm. Daich mit Herrn G. J. Arrow stets in bestem Einvernehmen stand und mich
seiner besonderen Unterstiitzung nach Beendigung des 2. Weltkrieges erfreuen
durfte, komme ich der Bitte von Fraulein C. M. F. von Hayek um Bearbeitung des
Nachlasses gern nach und teile im folgenden das Ergebnis meiner Untersuchungen
mit. Die aethiopischen Vertreter der Gattungen Amblyopus Lac. und Amblyscelis
Gorh. werden im folgenden nicht behandelt, da sie in einer gesonderten Publikation
Beriicksichtigung finden, die Herr H. Philipp, mein Diplomand in der Coleopteren
Abteilung hiesigen Museums, in Kiirze herausbringen wird und die eine Revision
beider Genera zum Thema hat. Zusdtzlich werden ausser einigen systematischen
Richtigstellungen 2 neue Arten und 1 neue Rasse aus dem Zoologischen Museum zu
Berlin beschrieben, die sich in den Rahmen der von Arrow hinterlassenen Arten
zwanglos einfiigen bzw. von ihm gedusserte Ansichten bekraftigen.

Amblyopus palliditarsis sp. n.

Lange 4,5-6,2 mm., Breite 2,5-3,7 mm.

Korper gewolbt, Farbung pechbraun bis schwarz, nur Fiihler, Mundteile und Tar-
sen gleichwie bei A. pallidicornis Arrow rotlichgelb. Kopf und Halsschild dicht
punktiert, schwach chagriniert und daher matt glanzend. Fliigeldecken mit starker
eingeritzten Punktstreifen und sehr fein punktulierten Interstitien, nicht chagri-

ENTOM. 6, 3. 4

80 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21

niert, daher lackglanzend. Augen gross und grob fazettiert, ihr Abstand voneinander
gleich 1,6 mal der von vorn sichtbaren Augenbreite. Halsschild: Seiten gerundet,
fein gerandet und nach vorn konvergierend ; Vorderrand doppelbuchtig, in der
Mitte leicht konvex, zu beiden Seiten leicht konkav; Vorderecken verrundet,
Hinterecken stumpfwinklig mit grossem Porenpunkt. Scutellum zart punktiert,
Lange: Breite wie 1: 1,7. Prosternum median im vorderen Teil schwach gekielt,
der Vorderrand in der Mitte winklig vorspringend. Die Tangentiallinien des Proster-
num erstrecken sich tiber $ seiner Lange, verlaufen im vorderen Teil fast parallel
und sind an der Spitze hakenformig einwarts gebogen. Tangentiallinien der Mittel-
und Hinterhiiften vorhanden. Fiihler zart, das 3. Glied so lang wie das 4. + 5.
zusammen, 4. — 6. Glied gestreckt, 7. + 8. Glied perlférmig, Fiihlerkeule schmal,
letztes Glied klein und zugespitzt. Tibien normal, gegen die Spitze nicht auffallend
verbreitert. Endglied des Maxillar-Palpus doppelt so breit wie lang. Die Lacinia
ist unbewehrt.

Von palliditarsis ist der ihm sehr ahnliche A. pallidicornis Arrow durch folgende
Merkmale leicht zu unterscheiden: die Glieder der Fiihlerkeule sind sehr kurz
und breit (strongly transverse). Die Augen stehen nicht so eng, ihr Abstand betragt
das Doppelte der Augenbreite. Die Seiten des Halsschildes sind nur ganz schwach
gerundet, fast gerade verlaufend; die Vorderecken treten nicht hervor und liegen
mit dem Vorderrand in gleicher Ebene. Kopf und Halsschild sind viel zarter
punktiert, nicht chagriniert und daher gleichwie die Elytren lackglanzend. Das
Schildchen ist schmaler und nicht punktiert. Die Punktulierung der Interstitien
auf den Elytren ist so zart, dass sie fast glatt erscheinen. Die Tangentiallinien
der Vorderbrust verlaufen nicht parallel, sondern konvergieren nach vorn, so dass
die Tangentialfigur glockenférmig erscheint.

Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundort: Tonkin, A de Cooman,
1929.
28 Paratypen vom gleichen Fundort.

Amblyopus niger sp. n.

Lange 4,2-5 mm., Breite 2,3-2,7 mm.

Obwohl die Art nicht zum Nachlass von Arrow gehért, erfolgt ihre Neubeschreibung
gleichwohl in dieser Arbeit, da das Zoologische Museum zu Berlin dem Britischen
Museum, London, 2 Exemplare dediziert, um die 3 oberseits gleichférmig schwarzen
und auf den ersten Blick einander sehr ahnlichen Arten der Gattung Amblyopus
(pallidicormis Arrow, palliditarsis sp. n. und niger sp. n.) wenigstens an einer Stelle
an Hand der Tiere selbst miteinander vergleichen und die massgeblichen Unter-
schiede erkennen zu kénnen.

Korper gleich der vorhergehenden Art gewdlbt. Farbung: Oberseite schwarz,
Unterseite braunschwarz und + ausgedehnt rétlich-braun. Mundteile, Fiihler
und Beine von wechselnder Farbe: gelb iiber gelblich-rot bis braunschwarz. Die
Tarsen kontrastieren also nicht wie bei palliditarsis durch helle (rétlich-gelbe)
Farbung von den iibrigen Beinabschnitten, sondern haben + die gleiche Farbung
wie diese. Kopf und Halsschild schwacher als bei palliditarsis punktiert, nicht

NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 81

chagriniert, sondern gleich den Elytren glaénzend. Diese mit starker eingeritzten
Punktstreifen und deutlich punktulierten Interstitien. Abstand der grobfazettierten
Augen grosser als bei palliditarsis, gleich 2 mal der von vorn sichtbaren Augenbreite.
Form des Halsschildes gleich der von pallidicornis Arrow, also mit fast geradem
Vorderrand ohne hervortretende Vorderecken. Scutellum deutlich punktuliert,
schmaler als bei palliditarsis, ca ebenso lang wie breit. Prosternum median im vorderen
Teil nicht gekielt, der Vorderrand in der Mitte nicht winklig vorspringend. Die
Tangentiallinien des Prosternum erstrecken sich tiber # seiner Lange und verlaufen
im vorderen Teil fast parallel, die des Metasternum fehlen oder sind nur ganz schwach
angedeutet und die des 1. Abdominalsegmentes sind vorhanden und deutlich
sichtbar. Fiihler zart, das 3. Glied so lang wie das 4.-+ 5. zusammen, 4. — 6.
Glied gestreckt, 7. + 8. kugelig, die Glieder der Fiihlerkeule kurz und breit (strongly
transverse), entsprechen also denen von fallidicornis. Tibien gegen die Spitze
eckig erweitert, die der Mittel- und Hintertibien sogar unter Bildung eines vortre-
tenden Zahnes. Endglied des Maxillar-Palpus mehr als doppelt so breit wie lang
(2,5: I).

Von dem ihm sehr &hnlichen fallidicornis Arrow unterscheidet sich niger in
erster Linie durch die gegen die Spitze eckig erweiterten Tibien, sodann durch die
deutlich sichtbare Punktulierung der Interstitien auf den Elytren, durch grdéssere
K6rpermasse (4,2-5 mm. gegen 3,8 mm.) und durch die Tangentiallinien : die des
Prosternum verlaufen im vorderen Teil fast parallel, die des Metasternum fehlen
oder sind nur schwach angedeutet.

Holotypus im Zoologischen Museum, Berlin. Fundort: India or.: Nagpore.

8 Paratypen vom gleichen Fundort.

Zur leichteren Unterscheidung der 3 oberseits gleichformig schwarzen Arten
lasse ich eine Bestimmungstabelle folgen.

BESTIMMUNGSTABELLE

Fiihlerkeule schmal, ihr Endglied zugespitzt : palliditarsis sp. n.
— Fiihlerkeule breit, ihre 3 Glieder kurz und breit (strongly transverse) ; 2
Tibien gegen die Spitze auffallend eckig erweitert, die der Mittel- und Hinterbeine auf
der Aussenkante mit Zahnbildung. Interstitien der Elytren deutlich sichtbar
punktuliert. Tangentiallinien der Vorderbrust verlaufen fast parallel, die der
Hinterbrust fehlend oder nur schwach angedeutet . . niger sp. n.
— Tibien gegen die Spitze nicht auffallend erweitert, keine Zahnbildung der Mittel- und
Hintertibien. Interstitien der Elytren so schwach und zart punktuliert, dass
sie fast glatt erscheinen. Tangentiallinien: die der Vorderbrust nach vorn
konvergierend, ee daher sissies die der Hinterbrust gut
sichtbar ausgebildet . , , ‘ : , pallidicornis Arrow

al

nN

Amblyopus cinctipennis trimaculatus ssp. n.

Lange 6,2 mm., Breite 3,2 mm.

Die Rasse unterscheidet sich von der von Arrow 1925 (p. 95) erneut beschriebenen
und abgebildeten Nominatform dadurch, dass die Fliigeldecken in vollem Umfange
schwarz sind und nicht mehr ringsherum von einem gelben Band umflossen werden.
Trotz dieser Verdunklung sind die Epipleuren in ihrer ganzen Linge rotbraun. Die

82 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21

Unterseite des K6rpers ist ebenfalls dunkler als bei der Nominatform. Von der
Grundlinie des Mesosternum ist nach vorn alles rétlich-braun, nach hinten alles
schwarz bis braun-schwarz. Dementsprechend sind auch die Beine der Vorderbrust
rotlich-braun, die Mittel- und Hinterbeine braunschwarz. Die Tangentiallinien
der Vorderbrust sind verglichen mit denen der Nominatform etwas linger. Von
besonderem Interesse ist, dass sich im Zoologischen Museum zu Berlin unter den
insgesamt 35 Exemplaren der Nominatform 1 Exemplar von Ceylon befindet,
welches farblich auffallend in Richtung der neuen Rasse tendiert und somit eine
Mittelstellung zwischen beiden Rassen einnimmt. Bei ihm ist die Unterseite gleich-
wie bei trimaculatus von der Grundlinie:des Mesosternum bis zur Spitze in voller
Breite dunkel (ohne seitliche, -- ausgedehnte rote Einfassung wie bei cinctipennis),
die Fliigeldecken sind nur basal ein kurzes Stiick langs der Naht und der Aussenkante
gelb eingefasst, im tibrigen ist die gelbe Umrahmung bis auf die rotlich-gelbe
Aussenkante verschwunden. Die kiirzeren Tangentiallinien der Vorderbrust und
die Gelbfarbung aller Beinpaare entsprechen denen der Nominatform.

Der Holotypus stammt aus der coll. Kuhnt, der die Rasse seinerzeit zwar als
nigripennis benannt und auch mit einem Typus-Etikett versehen, aber nicht mehr
beschrieben hat. Da der Name inzwischen von Arrow fiir eine andere Art der Gattung
Amblyopus vergeben ist, bezeichne ich die Rasse als A. c. trimaculatus ssp. n.

Holotypus im Zoologischen Museum, Berlin. Fundort : Mandar.

SCELIDOPETALON nom. nov. proPETALOSCELIS Gorh., 1896
(nec Bergroth, 1893)

Im Jahre 1945 hat Arrow (p. 117) festgestellt, dass der von Gorham 1896 zur
Bezeichnung einer Erotyliden-Gattung aufgestellte Name Petaloscelis praeokkupiert
ist, da 3 Jahre friiher Bergroth den gleichen Namen fiir eine Rhynchoten-Gattung
gewahlt und publiziert hat. Eine Neubenennung hat Arrow nicht vorgenommen,
da er die Gattung Petaloscelis als synonym zu Amblyscelis Gorh. (1888) ansah. Beide
Gattungen sind jedoch grundverschieden. Ein unfehlbares und von Arrow selbst
in seiner Bestimmungstabelle (1925, p. 92) verwandtes Unterscheidungsmerkmal
stellt die Fazettierung der Augen dar, die bei allen Arten von Amblyscelis grob,
bei denen von Petaloscelis sehr fein ist. Das von Gorham errichtete Genus muss
daher erhalten bleiben und mit einem neuen Namen versehen werden. Ich schlage
als nomen novum “ Scelidopetalon’’ vor, um die Kennzeichnung der plattenférmig
verbreiterten Tibien beizubehalten, durch die sich der Genotypus S. instabile Gorh.
auszeichnet.

Scelidopetalon arrowi sp. n.
(Abb. 1 und 2)

Lange 4,8-5,2 mm., Breite 2,9-3,2 mm.

K6rper gewolbt, Farbung rot, nur die Elytren mit Ausnahme einer basalen
roten Makel (Abb. 1 + 2) schwarz und die Fiihler vom 6. bis zur basalen Halfte
des 11. Gliedes dunkelbraun bis schwarz. Bei 3 Exemplaren ist auf dem roten

NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 83

Halsschild auf der Mitte des Basalteiles oberhalb des Schildchens ein Anflug von
Schwarzfarbung zu konstatieren. Kopf und Halsschild sehr fein und weitlaufig
punktiert, glanzend. Clypeus vorn dreieckig ausgeschnitten. Halsschild: Seiten
gerundet und fein gerandet, der Vorderrand in der Mitte leicht vorgezogen, leicht
konvex, Vorderecken verrundet, Hinterecken stumpfwinklig mit grossem Poren-
punkt. Fliigeldecken glénzend mit stark eingeritzten Punktstreifen, von denen
die ersten 5 bis zur Basis durchlaufen, der 6. bis 8. vor oder auf der Schulterbeule
endet und der g. nur im vorderen Drittel entwickelt ist. Die Abbildungen 1 + 2
zeigen die beiden Extreme, zwischen denen Form und Ausdehnung der roten Elytren-
Makeln schwanken. Scutellum zart punktuliert, Lange : Breite wie 1: 1,5. Pro-
sternum median im vorderen Teil schwach gekielt, der Vorderrand in der Mitte

1 2

ApB. 1 und 2. Scelidopetalon arrowi sp. n. von Singapore. Die Elytrenmakeln beider
Vertreter stellen die Extreme dar, zwischen denen beim vorliegenden Material Form
und Ausdehnung schwanken.

winklig vorspringend. Tangentiallinien aller 3 Hiiftpaare vorhanden, die der
Vorderbrust erstrecken sich tiber # von deren Linge, verlaufen im vorderen Teil fast
parallel und sind an der Spitze hakenf6rmig einwarts gebogen. Fiihler gleich der
von Arrow fiir imstabile Gorh. abgebildeten Form (1295, p. 101, Fig. 20) kurz und
gedrungen, das 3. Glied so lang wie das 4. + 5. zusammen, das 4. — 7. perlf6rmig,
das 8. quer, die Fihlerkeule stark abgesetzt und ihre Glieder sehr kurz und breit
(strongly transverse). Die Tibien gegen die Spitze auffallend verbreitert. End-
glied des Maxillar-Palpus ca 14 mal so breit wie lang. Die Lacinia unbewehrt.

Die Art adhnelt dem von Gorham beschriebenen und von Arrow (1925, p. IOI,
fig. 20) abgebildeten zmstabile weitgehend. Dieses unterscheidet sich von ihr durch
folgende Merkmale: Es ist flacher, nicht so gewélbt. Kopf und Halsschild sind
dichter punktiert und zumeist mit schwarzen Flecken versehen. Die rote Makel
der Fliigeldecken hat X-formige Gestalt.

84 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21

Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundort: Singapore, C. F. Baker,
1918.

8 Paratypen. Fundort: Singapore, coll. Pascoe (1 Expl.), C. F. Baker 1918
(1 Expl.), C. J. Saunders 1922 (3 Expl.) und ohne Angabe des Sammlers (3 Expl.).

Aulacochilus biplagiatus sp. n.

Lange 9 mm., Breite 4,2 mm.

Die glanzend schwarze Art unterscheidet sich von den bisher bekannten Arten
der Gattung Awlacochilus auf den ersten Blick dadurch, dass die Elytren im Spitzenteil
je einen langlichen gelben Fleck aufweisen, der sich iiber etwas mehr als 4 der
Fligeldeckenlange erstreckt und in der Breite schwankend kurz vor der Spitze,
die er nicht erreicht, zwischen 1. und 8. und im vorderen Teil zwischen 3. und 8.
Punktstreifen liegt. Clypeus dicht, Stirn weitléufiger punktiert. Halsschild in der
Mitte sehr zart und weitlaufig, auf beiden Seiten kraftiger und dichter punktiert,
die Seiten kraftig gerandet, kurz vor der Spitze einwarts gebogen, im iibrigen Teil
fast gerade und zur Basis divergierend verlaufend. Fliigeldecken mit gut sichtbaren,
aber nicht kraftigen Punkstreifen versehen. 3. Fiihlerglied nicht ganz so lang wie
das 4.-+ 5. (9: 10), Glied 4 — 8 perlférmig, Fiihlerkeule fast doppelt so lang wie
breit (18: 10). Tangentiallinien aller 3 Hiiftpaare vorhanden, die der Vorderbrust
erstrecken sich tiber fast ? von deren Lange, sind zur Spitze einwarts gebogen und
weit voneinander getrennt, so dass eine breite glockenférmige Tangentialfigur
entsteht. Die Vorderbrust ist in der Mitte unpunktiert, auf beiden Seiten wie bei
den Aulacochilus-Arten tiblich sehr grob punktiert, in der Mitte nicht gekielt, ohne
knopfformige Spitze in der Mitte des Vorderrandes, dieser vielmehr gleichférmig
gerundet, in der Mitte vor der Tangentialfigur héchstens ganz schwach konvex.
Endglied der Maxillarpalpen beilférmig, relativ klein und etwa doppelt so breit wie
lang (15: 7).

Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundgebiet : Philippinen.

Aulacochilus erythroperonus quadriplagiatus ssp. n.
(Abb. 3)

Lange 7,5-9,5 mm., Breite 3,5-4,5 mm.

Die Rasse unterscheidet sich von der Nominatform lediglich dadurch, dass der
rote Langsstreifen auf den schwarzen Fliigeldecken jeweils auf ein kurzes Basal-
und Apikalstiick reduziert ist (Abb. 3). Das Basalstiick verlauft im 5. Interstitium
in einer Ausdehnung von ca doppelter Lange der Schulterbeule, biegt alsdann
hakenfoérmig in das 4. Interstitium ein und erlischt hier. Der rote Apikalfleck
steht kurz vor der Spitze der Fliigeldecken, ist von wechselnder Breite und kann
vom 4. Insterstitium nach aussen bis in das 5., nach innen bis in das 2. Interstitium
reicher. Gleichwie bei der Nominatform ist auch bei quadriplagiatus auf beiden

NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 85

Seiten des Halsschildes ein Anflug von Rotfarbung + deutlich erkennbar. Weitere
Rotfarbungen sind auf der Oberseite nicht vorhanden. Im iibrigen entspricht die
Rasse vollauf der Nominatform, so dass sich eine Wiederholung meiner fiir diese
1935 gegebenen Beschreibung eriibrigt.

Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundort : NW. Rhodesien, Kashitu,
N. of Broken Hill, xi.1914, H. C. Dollman.

2 Paratypen vom gleichen Fundort, iv.1915.

ABB. 3. Aulacochilus erythroperonus quadriplagiatus ssp. n.
von Rhodesien: Kashitu.

Aulocochilus capensis Lacord. (1842) = angolensis Schklg. (1919) [SYN. NOV]

Ein Vergleich des im Deutschen Entomologischen Institut befindlichen Typus
von Aulacochilus angolensis Schklg. mit Vertretern von Aulacochilus capensis
Lacord. ergab, dass beide Arten identisch sind. Die von Schenkling (1919, p. 78)
hervorgehobene unterschiedliche Punktierung auf Halsschild, Brust und Abdomen
sowie das unterschiedliche Ausmass der Verschmdlerung des Ké6rpers gegen das
Hinterende bei beiden Arten erweisen sich als nicht stichhaltig. Ob rassische
Verschiedenheiten zwischen den Vertretern von Angola auf der einen Seite und denen
des siidlichen und éstlichen Afrika auf der anderen Seite vorhanden sind, lasst
sich z. Zt. nicht festellen, da von Angola nur ein einziges Exemplar vorliegt. Zu
den von mir im Jahre 1933 (p. 141) angegebenen Fundorten fiir die Art kommen
folgende hinzu: Angola: Bailundo (1 Expl.) und Rhodesien (A. Bodong, 3 Expl.).
Alle 4 Exemplare befinden sich im Deutschen Entomologischen Institut zu Berlin.

86 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21

Aulacochilus murrayi (Crotch)—nec Amblyopus

Lange 7,8 mm., Breite 3,8 mm.

Die Untersuchung des Typus ergab die tiberraschende Feststellung, dass Crotch
bei Eingliederung der von ihm vor 81 Jahren beschriebenen Art murrayi in die
Gattung Amblyopus ein Irrtum unterlaufen ist. Sie stellt einen echten Vertreter
der Gattung Avwlacochilus dar und gehért somit zur Unterfamilie Encaustinae
und nicht zu den Tritominae. Alle fiir die Gattung Aulacochilus massgeblichen
Merkmale finden sich bei murrayi realisiert, so dass an seiner Unterbringung bei
dieser Gattung kein Zweifel besteht. Nach Beschreibung des ersten afrikanischen
Vertreters der in der orientalischen Region nach bisherigen Befunden weit arten-
reicheren Gattung Aulocochilus seitens Lacordaire im Jahre 1842 (capensis Lac.)
stellt der 34 Jahre spdter beschriebene murrayi den zweiten bekannt gewordenen
Vertreter der Gattung dar, der nur infolge einer falschen Eingruppierung erst heute
als solcher in Erscheinung tritt.

Zu der von Crotch gegebenen Beschreibung sind folgende Erganzungen hinzuzu-
fiigen. Kopfund Halsschild rotbraun, Unterseite rétlich, Elytren gelb (Westafrikaner)
mit 3 braunen bis braunschwarzen Langsstreifen und einer ebenso gefarbten Schul-
termakel. Der Nahtstreifen ist 2 Interstitien breit, greift in seinem frontalen Verlauf
+ auf das 3. Interstitium iiber und erweitert sich unmittelbar vor der Basis—weit
ausladend—bis zum 4. Punkstreifen ; apikal erreicht er nicht die Spitze, sondern
erlischt kurz vor ihr. Die weite Ausladung des Nahtstreifens vor der Basis der
Fliigeldecken kommt dadurch zustande, dass er sich hier—wie vergleichsweise
Exemplare von A. sexguttatus Delk. deutlich demonstrieren—mit einem im 4.
Interstitium befindlichen Fleck vereinigt. Gleichwie bei sexguttatus werden
zweifellos auch bei murrayi Exemplare vorkommen, die Ubergange sichtbarer
Trennung von Nahtstreifen und Fleck iiber beginnende Vereinigung bis zu
volliger Verschmelzung beider Zeichnungselemente aufweisen und die Ent-
stehung der auffallenden Erweiterung des Nahtstreifens vor der Basis verstand-
lich machen. Der Mittelstreifen beginnt mit dem 2. Viertel vor der Mitte der
Elytren und erlischt vor der Spitze in gleicher Hohe wie der Nahtstreifen. Er
ist 3 Interstitien breit, reicht vom 4. bis 7. Punktstreifen, wird vor der Spitze
schmaler und tritt hier in das 4. Interstitium iiber. Er kann als eine Verbindung
der beiden dunklen Flecke angesehen werden, die bei A. sexguttatus Delk. im 5.
Insterstitium stehen, der eine vor der Mitte, der andere kurz vor der Spitze der
Fliigeldecken. Der Seitenstreifen fiillt den Raum vom 9g. Punktstreifen bis zur
Seitenkante aus, reicht von der Basis bis zur Spitze, biegt hier hakenférmig nach
vorn um, eine kurze Strecke langs der Naht vorstossend, ohne jedoch den breiten
Nahtstreifen zu erreichen. Der dunkle Fleck der Schulterbeule reicht vom 5. bis 7.
Punktstreifen. Halsschild auf der Mitte zarter und weitlaufiger, auf beiden Seiten
viel kraftiger und dichter punktiert, glanzend.

Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundort: Old Calabar, Murray.

NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 87

Aulacochilus sexguttatus Delk. (1933) =interruptus Deelder (1942) [SYN. NoV.]

In der taxonomischen Beurteilung der als “ Amblyopus murrayt Crotch var.
interruptus nov.” beschriebenen Varietat ist Deelder ein zweifacher Irrtum unter-
laufen. (1.) Gleichwie murrayi Cr. gehért auch var. interrupta Deelder nicht zur
Gattung Amblyopus, sondern zur Gattung Avlacochilus, also nicht zur Subfamilie
Tritominae, sondern zu den Encaustinae. (2.) Var. interruwpta Deelder stellt kein
novum fiir die Wissenschaft dar, sondern ist identisch mit dem von mir 1933
beschriebenen Axlacochilus sexguttatus und verfallt somit der Synonymie. Zu diesen
Feststellungen gelangte ich auf Grund des giinstigen Umstandes, dass ich die Typen
obiger Namenstrager persénlich untersuchen und miteinander vergleichen konnte.
Ich registriere daher wie folgt :

Aulacochilus sexguttatus Delk. (1933)
= interruptus Deelder (1942) (nec Amblyopus)

Ob sexguttatus Delk. (= interruptus Deelder) als eigene Art oder als eine Varietat
von murrayi Cr. (sensu Deelder) anzusehen ist, lasst sich z. Zt. nicht entscheiden,
da (I.) von murrayi nur ein einziges Exemplar vorliegt und (2.) als Herkunft dieses
Exemplares ‘‘ Old Calabar (Murray) ;’”’ verzeichnet ist, ein Fundort, der sich schon
des 6fteren zum mindesten als fragwiirdig erwiesen hat. Ich selbst méchte sexguttatus
vorerst als selbstandige Art ansehen und zwar aus folgenden Griinden : Im Vergleich
zu murrayi ist der Halsschild von s. weniger glanzend, matt, der Seitenrand weniger
gebogen, die Seitenteile und ebenso die Punktstreifen der Elytren sind schwacher
punktiert. Samtliche 10 mir vorliegenden Exemplare von s. (6 von Kamerun und
4 von Belg.-Congo: Mayumbe) erweisen sich in den angefiihrten Merkmalen als
konstant, kein einziges von ihnen zeitigt Ubergange oder gar Ubereinstimmung mit
murrayi. Das gleiche gilt fiir die Elytrenzeichnung.

Holotypus im Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.

Tamboria coerulea sp. n.
(Abb. 4 u. 5)

Lange 8-9 mm., Breite 3,2-3,6 mm.

Im Jahre 1944 berichtete Arrow (p. 53) von “ association between geographical
distribution and coloration ’’ und teilt seine sowohl bei Erotyliden wie auch bei
Coccinelliden und Halticiden gemachte Beobachtung mit, indem er sagt: “ Blue
or metallic colours in the Papuan species generally replace the black ground colour
of most Indo-malayan representatives ’’. Wenn auch die vorliegende neue Art
nicht zum Nachlass von Arrow gehdért, sondern Eigentum des Berliner Zoologischen
Museums ist und diesem in liebenswiirdiger Weise von Herrn Leopold Mader,
Wien, dediziert wurde, wofiir ich ihm auch an dieser Stelle meinen herzlichsten
Dank ausspreche, so lasse ich gleichwohl ihre Neubeschreibung an dieser Stelle
folgen, da sie einen weiteren eindeutigen Beweis fiir die Richtigkeit der von Arrow
getroffenen Feststellung liefert. Zur Unterfamilie Dacninae gehGérig, hebt sie sich

¢

88 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21

durch ihre leuchtend metallisch blaue Farbung in so auffallender Weise von den
ausnahmslos schwarzen Vertretern der orientalischen Region ab, dass sie auf den
ersten Blick ihre Zugeh6rigkeit zur australischen Region erkennen lasst.

Korper langgestreckt, schlank. Farbung metallisch blau mit einem breiten gelben
Band auf den Elytren (Abb. 4), das sich quer itiber deren ganze Breite bis zu den
Aussenkanten zieht, auf die Epipleuren aber nicht tibergreift, so dass diese in ihrer
ganzen Lange blau bleiben. Kopf im vorderen Teil dichter, im hinteren Teil weit-
laufiger punktiert, ohne Stridulationsleisten im hinteren Teil. Halsschild: basal

4

ABB. 4. Tamboria coerulea sp. n. von Brit. N. Guinea: Edie Creek.

ABB. 5. Tamboria coerulea sp. n., rechter Fiihler.

in seiner ganzen Breite, frontal nur von den Vorderwinkeln bis kurz hinter den
Innenrand der Augen fein gerandet; basal auf beiden Seiten oberhalb des 4.
Interstitium der Elytren mit je einem flachen Griibchen und einigen grésseren
Punkten ; Seitenrand schmal, kurz vor der Spitze etwas verbreitert und in den
Vorder- und Hinterwinkeln mit je einem grdsseren Porenpunkt ; Vorderecken etwas
vorgezogen. Scutellum zart punktiert, stark quer, Lange: Breite wie I: 1,75.
Elytren ohne Basalrandung und mit sehr feinen Punktstreifen, die nur auf der
gelben Querbinde gut sichtbar sind. Fihler (Abb. 5) kraftig, das 3. Glied etwas
langer als das 4. (10:8), das 4. bis 7. gestreckt, langer als breit, das 8. als Uber-
gangsglied dreieckig verbreitert, aber noch nicht die dichte weisslich-graue Behaarung
aufweisend, durch die sich die 3 Glieder der Fiihlerkeule auszeichnen und sichtbar
von den tibrigen abheben. Tangentiallinien aller 3 Hiiftpaare fehlen. Vorderbrust

NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 89

gleichmassig gerundet mit geradem Vorderrand, nicht gekielt, seitlich grdber
als auf der Mitte punktiert. Hinterbrust: ihr Vorderrand zwischen den Mittel-
hiiften konkav, kurz hinter dem Vorderrand mit einer Querdepression; auf der Mitte
mit einem feinen Laingsgrat, der kurz vor der Querdepression in die fein eingekerbte
Rinne einer Langsdepression einmiindet. Lacinia gleich wie bei Neothallis Fauv.
mit 2 sehr dicht beieinander stehenden Haken bewehrt, die bei Ventral- oder Dorsal-
ansicht einander decken. Glossae von den Paraglossae erheblich tiberragt. Endglied
der Maxillartaster zugespitzt, das der Labialtaster beilf6rmig verbreitert und nicht
mit der Mitte, sondern seitlich dem 2. Gliede aufsitzend. Mentum gross, dreieckig,
stark quer, doppelt so breit wie lang. Augen im Gegensatz zu denen bei Episcapha
Lac. und Episcaphula Cr. auffallend klein, in der Starke der Fazettierung ihnen
entsprechend. Beine schlank; Tarsenglieder schmal, mit behaarter Unterseite,
das 4. Tarsenglied sehr klein, das 3. nur wenig tiberragend.

Die Art zeigt in ihren wesentlichen Merkmalen mit der von Heller 1920 (p. 62)
beschriebenen Tamboria sumbavana, deren Typus ich dank des lebenswiirdigen
Entgegenkommens von Herrn R. Reichert, Dresden, vergleichend untersuchen
konnte, eine so weitgehende Ubereinstimmung, dass der grisste Teil der oben
hervorgehobenen Merkmale auch fiir swmbavana zutrifft und ich somit nicht zégere,
coerulea der Gattung Tamboria zuzuordnen. Abgesehen von der Farbung und
Zeichnung (Elytren mit je 2 gelben Makeln auf schwarzem oder braunem Grund)
unterscheidet sich sumbavana von coerulea im wesentlichen durch folgende Merkmale :
sie ist schlanker, lauft nach hinten spitzer zu. Der Seitenrand des Halsschildes
ist kurz vor den Vorderecken weit auffallender verbreitert. Die Elytren sind basal
fein gerandet. Die Glieder 5-7 der Fiihler sind perlférmig, die Glieder der Fiihlerkeule
kirzer. Die Hinterbrust ist im vorderen Teil ohne Langs- und Querdepression,
aber median ebenfalls mit einem feinen Langsgrat versehen. Das Mentum ist kiirzer.

Holotypus im Zoologischen Museum, Berlin. Fundort: Brit. N. Guinea, Edie
Creek, 7,000 Fuss.

2 Paratypen vom gleichen Fundort.

VERZEICHNIS DER NEUBESCHREIBUNGEN

1. Amblyopus palliditarsis Shits, x : ; . Tonkin.

2. Amblyopus niger sp. n. : . India or.: Nagpore.

3. Amblyopus cinctipennis Lac. ssp. trimaculatus n. . Celebes: Mandar.

4. Scelidopetalon arrowt sp. n.° ; : , . Singapore.

5. Aulacochilus biplagiatus sp.n. . . Philippinen.

6. Aulacochilus mney Delk. ssp. quadri-

plagiatusn. . ‘ R . NW. Rhodesien: Kashitu.

7. Tamboria coeruleasp.n. . : : . Brit. N. Guinea: Edie

Creek.

SYSTEMATISCHE BERICHTIGUNGEN
1. Scelidopetalon n. n.
pro Petaloscelis Gorh. 1896 (nec Bergroth, 1893).
Genotypus: S. instabile Gorh.

fore) NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21

2. Aulacochilus capensis Lac. (1842)
= angolensis Schklg. (1919). [SYN. NOV.]
3. Aulacochilus murrayi Crotch (nec Amblyopus).
4. Aulacochilus sexguttatus Delk. (1933)
= interruptus Deelder (1942) [SYN. NOV.]
(nec Amblyopus).

LITERATURVERZEICHNIS

Arrow,G. J. 1925. The Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Clavicornia, Erotylidae. London.
1-156. pl. 1, figs. 5-9. 30 text-figs.
1944. On Erotylid beetles belonging to Spondotripblax and some allied genera, with
descriptions of a few new species (Coleoptera). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 13, pts.
5-6 : 53-57:
—— 1945. Systematic notes on a few genera of Erotylid Coleoptera. Jbid. 14, pts. 9-10:
117-118.
DEELDER, C. L. 1942. Revision of the Erotylidae (Coleoptera) of the Leiden Museum.
Zoolog. Meded. 24. Afl. 1-2 : 49-115, 5 text-figs.
DELKESKAMP, K. 1933. 2. Mitteilung aus der Familie der Erotyliden (Col.). Mitt. D. ent.
Ges. 4, Nr. 9 : 139-142.
1935. Neue Erotyliden aus Afrika. IV. (Col.). Ibid. 6, Nr. 3-4 : 29-33, 5 Abb.
HELLER, K. M. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Erotyliden der indoaustralischen Region
mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der philippinischen Arten. Arch. Naturg. (A) 84, H.8:
I-I2I. 1918 (1920).
SCHENKLING, S. 1919. Erotyliden-Studien I. Jbid. 83, H.11: 77-93. 1917 (1919).
(Es sind nur diejenigen Literaturzitate angegeben, die im Coleopterorum Catalogus von
Junk und SCHENKLING vol. XV, ps. 34, 1911 Erotylidae nicht mehr verzeichnet sind.)

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA
FROM THE
McLACHLAN COLLECTION
NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY)

D. E. KIMMINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 4
LONDON : 1957

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA
FROM THE MCLACHLAN COLLECTION
NOW IN
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

BY

D. E. KIMMINS

wf

Pp. 91-126

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 4
LONDON :1957

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LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA
FROM THE MCLACHLAN COLLECTION
NOW IN
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

By D. E. KIMMINS

In common with other workers of his time, the distinguished ‘‘ Neuropterist ’’
Robert McLachlan, when describing a new species from more than one example,
did not normally indicate a single specimen as the “‘type’’ of the species, but
placed ‘‘ Type’’ labels on all (or at least some) of that series upon which he was
working. At various times, types have been designated for certain species, and it
has now been considered desirable to collect together such information and to re-
publish it together with designations of lectotypes for other species in his collection
not already dealt with. In most cases the species concerned were described by
McLachlan himself, but in the later years of his life he sent material to the Rev.
A. E. Eaton and to Mr. K. J. Morton for study, and lectotypes of species described by
these authors have also been included.

The McLachlan Collection was purchased by the British Museum (Natural History)
in 1938, upon the death of Mr. H. McLachlan, nephew of the entomologist. Mr.
Martin E. Mosely was then in charge of the Trichoptera at the British Museum
(Nat. Hist.) and undertook the incorporation of the McLachlan Trichoptera into the
main Museum Collections. McLachlan kept two collections, one of European and
exotic material and one of British Trichoptera. Specimens in the latter collection
bore no locality labels, but only a small, circular label with two numbers on it,
referring to the year and accession number in his accession register, in which was
entered details of locality, date, captor, etc. This register fortunately came to the
Museum with his collection and details from it have been printed or transcribed
and attached to the specimens.

Before incorporation of material from either collection, the following labels were
attached to the specimens by Mosely. A printed B.M. registration label on blue
paper, “‘ McLachlan Coll., B.M. 1938-674’ and in most cases also a printed label on
blue paper, giving the name over which it was found in the McLachlan Collection.

McLachlan usually indicated his type-series with minute labels on pink or mauve
paper, with the word “‘ Type’”’ printed on them. I do not think that the actual
colour of the paper had any special significance. Standard British Museum type-
labels (as used in the Entomological Dept.)—a circular label with the word “‘ Type ”’
encircled with a red ring—have since been added by Mosely or myself, and in the
case of species dealt with in this paper I have added my own label, LECTOTYPE or
LECTOALLOTYPE, D. E. Kimmins det. 1956. The species are dealt with under their

ENTOM. 6, 4. 5

94 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

original generic-specific combinations and the present combination, if different,
is indicated under the original combination and is also cross-indexed under the present
combination. This has been done because the original combination is fixed and
definite, whereas the present combination is sometimes a matter of opinion.
Species are arranged alphabetically under genus and species in families.

Family RHYACOPHILIDAE

Agapetus pactus McLachlan, 1879, p. 481.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (¢ holotype, 9 allotype = LECTOTYPE g and LECTOALLOTYPE

¢).
Synonym of Agapetus laniger (Pictet).

Agapetus celatus McLachlan, 1871, p. 139.
Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 112 (Type 2 = LECTOTYPE 9).

Agapetus delicatulus McLachlan, 1884, p. 67.
LECTOTYPE ¢. Pyrenees, 16/6. Eaton, 1878. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label

(blue), Agapetus delicatulus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9.
Same data.

Agapetus nimbulus McLachlan, 1879, p. 479.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Bourg d’Oisans. Label in McL.’s
writing, Agapetus nimbulus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Agapetus
nimbulus McLach., det. McLachlan.

This specimen has had the abdomen removed, cleared and placed in a small tube
of glycerine.

Catagapetus nigrans McLachlan, 1884, p. 68.

LecToTYPE ¢g. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882.
27.vii.82. Label in McL.’s writing, Catagapetus nigrans McL. B.M. 1938-674.
Printed label (blue), Catagapetus nigrans McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTo-
ALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Glossosoma privatum McLachlan, 1884, p. 65.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Villa Real, 24/6. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Glossosoma privatum McL. Printed label (blue),
Glossosoma privatum McLach., det. McLachlan.

Glossosoma spoliatum McLachlan, 1879, p. 473.

LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pau, 18/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in
McL.’s writing, Glossosoma spoliatum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Glossosoma spoliatum McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION — 95

Hydrobiosis frater McLachlan, 18684, p. 207.

LEcToTYPE ¢. Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing, Hydro-
biosis frater McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Lectotype ¢ with right wings between celluloid sheets, abdomen mounted in
canada balsam, lectoallotype 2 with abdomen mounted in canada balsam.

Hydrobiosis umbripennis McLachlan, 1868a, p. 208.

Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 413 (Type ¢ = LECTOTYPE).

LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing,
Hydrobiosis umbripennis McL. B.M. 1938-674.

Right wings between celluloid sheets, abdomen mounted in canada balsam.

Neurochorema confusum (McLachlan). See Psilochorema.

Pseudagapetus diversus McLachlan, 1884, p. 67.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Cea, 4/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Pseudagapetus diversus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Pseudagapetus diversus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE Q.
Villa Real, 22/6, otherwise as in male.

The lectotype 3 now lacks its head.

Present combination. Synagapetus diversus (McL.).

Pseudagapetus insons McLachlan, 1879, p. 487.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 6/6. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing, Pseudagapetus insons McL. B.M. 1938-074. Printed label
(blue), Pseudagapetus insons McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9.
Same data.

Present combination. Synagapetus insons (McLachlan). |

Psilochorema confusum McLachlan, 1868a, p. 210.

LECTOTYPE g. New Zealand. Label in McL.’s writing, Pstlochorema confusum
McL., Type. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

The lectotype now lacks both anterior and left posterior wings, the lectoallotype
both left wings.

Present combination. Newrochorema confusum (McL.).

Psilochorema mimicum McLachlan, 1866), p. 274.
Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, pp. 426-428 ((Type ¢ = LECTOTYPE 4).
LECTOALLOTYPE 9. N. Zeal., 54.4.
None of the type-series bears a determination label by McLachlan, that on the
lectotype ¢ being in W. F. Kirby’s writing.

96 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Ptilocolepus extensus McLachlan, 1884, p. 70.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Cea, 11/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Pézlocolepus extensus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed

label (blue), Ptilocolepus extensus McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcToALLOTYPE
2. Same data.

Rhyacophila adjuncta McLachlan, 1884, p. 63.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Villa Real, 25/6. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Rhyacophila adjuncta McL. B.M. 1938-674.
Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila adjuncta McLach., det. McLachlan. Lecto-
ALLOTYPE 9. Date, 23/6, otherwise as in male.

The lectotype has had the right clasper removed (? by McLachlan).

Rhyacophila albardana McLachlan, 1879, p. 437.

LEcToTYPE 4. McL. type-label (mauve). La Grave. Labelin McL.’s writing,
albardana McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila albardana
McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOTYPE 9. Same data.

Lectotype with right clasper missing.

Rhyacophila aquitanica McLachlan, 1879, p. 457.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Mt. Mezenc, 2/8. Eaton, 1878.
Label in McL.’s writing, aguitanica McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Rhyacophila aquitanica McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcCTOALLOTYPE 9. Same
data.

Rhyacophila contracta McLachlan, 1879, p. 449.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 12/6. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing, contracta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Rhyacophila contracta McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan, 1879, p. 443.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 2/7. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing, denticulata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyaco-
phila denticulata McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data,
except date, 21/6.

Rhyacophila eatoni McLachlan, 1879, p. 463.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 6/6. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing, eatont McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila
eatoni McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 97

Rhyacophila evoluta McLachlan, 1879, p. 438.

LectoTyPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Le Lioran, 27/7. Eaton, 1878.
Label in McL.’s writing, evoluta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Rhyacophila evoluta McLach., det. McLachlan.

Rhyacophila fraudulenta McLachlan, 1879, p. 450.

LEcToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Le Lioran, 25/7. Eaton, 1878.
Label in McL.’s writing, fraudulenta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Rhyacophila fraudulenta McLach., det. McLachlan.

The two paratypes from Monte Rosa, collected by Staudinger, are no longer in
the McLachlan collection.

Rhyacophila glareosa McLachlan, 1867, p. 62.

LECTOTYPE $. McL. type-label (mauve). Stelzing, Jul. 61. 23. Zeller. Label
in McL.’s writing, glareosa (Type). B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyaco-
phila glareosa McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcCTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data but no
number (23).

Rhyacophila hageni McLachlan, 1879, p. 447.

LEecTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Altvater. Label in McL.’s writing,
hageni McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila hageni McLach.,
det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Rhyacophila intermedia McLachlan, 1868, p. 306.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Bruck a/M., Aug. 67. Label in McL.’s
writing, intermedia McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila
intermedia McLach., det. McLachlan.

Rhyacophila lusitanica McLachlan, 1884, p. 63.

LecToTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Cea, 9/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Rhyacophila lusitanica McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Rhyacophila lusitanica McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE
2. Same data.

Rhyacophila munda McLachlan. 1862, p. 309.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (6 type = LECTOTYPE @).

Rhyacophila obliterata McLachlan, 1863), p. 134.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @).

Rhyacophila obtusidens McLachlan, 1879, p. 440.

LECTOTYPE g. Pyrenees, 30/5. Eaton, 1878. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Rhyacophila persimilis McLach., det. McLachlan.

98 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

In his original description, McLachlan quotes examples from Gave de Pau, Orthez,
Basses Pyrenees, 30th May and Défilé de Pierre Lis, near Quillan, Aude, Eaton. He
also mentions ‘‘ Switzerland (stated by Meyer-Dur to be general and to occur from
the beginning of March up to the end of November) ’’. This quotation suggests
that McLachlan had no actual specimens from Switzerland at that time. He
certainly received some later, one of which is dated 5/92, the others without year
date. If, as I believe, they were all received subsequently, then the type-series
must be those quoted above, and in 1880, p. lxxv, he transfers these specimens to
R. persimilis, which explains the persimilis determination label. Both obtusidens
and persimilis are now considered to be synonyms of R. dorsalis Curtis.

Rhyacophila occidentalis McLachlan, 1879, p. 438.

LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 8/6. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing, occidentalis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Rhyacophila occidentalis McLach., det. McLachlan.

Rhyacophila persimilis McLachlan, 1879, p. 440.
LECTOTYPE 4. K6nigsee, Brauer. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Rhyacophila persimilis McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.
See remarks about R. obtusidens McL., above.

Rhyacophila philopotamoides McLachlan, 1879, p. 463.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 24/6. Eaton, 1878.
Label in McL.’s writing, philopotamoides McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Rhyacophila philopotamoides McLach., det. McLachlan.

Rhyacophila praemorsa McLachlan 1879, p. 447.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (mauve). Spa. Label in McL.’s writing,
praemorsa McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila praemorsa
McLach., det. McLachlan.

Rhyacophila proxima McLachlan, 1880, p. lxxvi.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (mauve). Tanninges, Savoy, 9/9/1879. Label
in McL.’s writing, proxima McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyaco-
phila proxima McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Samoens, 5/9/1879,
other data as in male.

Rhyacophila relicta McLachlan, 1879, p. 442.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 17/6. Eaton, 1878.
Label in McL.’s writing, velicta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyaco-
phila relicta McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION) 99

Rhyacophila rectispina McLachlan, 1884, p. 60.

LecToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Val Anzasca 22.vii.82. Label in
McL.’s writing, rectispina McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila
rectispina McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Rhyacophila rupta McLachlan, 1879, p. 450.

LEecTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 26/6. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing, rupta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila
rupta McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Date 20 /6, otherwise as
in male. .

Rhyacophila septentrionis McLachlan, 1865, p. 157.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE 3).

Synagapetus diversus (McLachlan). See Pseudagapetus.

Synagapetus dubitans McLachlan, 1879, p. 484 (2) ; 1880, p. lxxviii (3).

HoLotyPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). Autun. Label in McL.’s writing,
Synagapetus dubitans McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Synagapetus
dubitans McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOALLOTYPE g. St. Aubin, 29/8. B.M.
1938-674. Printed label (blue), Synagapetus dubitans McLach., det. McLachlan.

Synagapetus insons (McLachlan). See Pseudagapetus.

Family PHILOPOTAMIDAE

Dolophilus copiosus McLachlan, 1868, p. 303.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Zeller, Carinthia. 27/5/67. Label in
McL.’s writing, copiosus McL. B.M. 1938-674.. Printed label (blue), Dolophilus
copiosus McLach., det. McLachlan. LrEcTOALLoTYPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve).
Date, 20/7/57. Otherwise as in male.

The lectotype has had the abdomen cleared and mounted as a microscope
preparation in canada balsam.

Present combination. Wormaldia copiosa (McL.).

Dolophilus corvinus McLachlan, 1884, p. 49.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Cea, 9/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Dolophilus corvinus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Dolophilus corvinus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same
data.

The lectotype has had the abdomen removed, cleared and mounted as a microscope
preparation.

Present combination, Wormaldia corvina (McL.).

1oo0 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Dolophilus pullus McLachlan, 1878, p. 389.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Meyer-Dur, Helvet. Label in McL.’s
writing, Dolophilus pullus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Dolophilus
pullus McLach., det. McLachlan.

The abdomen has been mounted as a microscope preparation.

Present combination. Wormaldia pulla (McL.).

Philopotamus amphilectus McLachlan, 1884, p. 48.

LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Cea, 4/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Philopotamus amphilectus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Philopotamus amphilectus McLach., det. McLachlan.

Philopotamus ludificatus McLachlan, 1878, p. 382.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 35, (¢ holotype, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 3, LECTOALLOTYPE 9).

Philopotamus montanus (Donovan), var. cesareus McLachlan, 1884, p. 47.

LECTOTYPE g. Jersey. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Philopotamus
montanus, var. cesareus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE?. Same data.

Philopotamus variegatus (Scopoli), var. hispanicus McLachlan, 1878, p. 386.

LECTOTYPE 2. Spain, Sierra de Gredos. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Philopotamus variegatus Scop., var. hispanicus McLach., det. McLachlan.

Philopotamus insularis McLachlan, 1878, p. 384.

LECTOTYPE g. Guernsey. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Philopotamus
insularis McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

It may be pointed out that mixed with McLachlan’s type-series, were two male
Rhyacophila septentrionis and one male Plectrocnemia geniculata.

Philopotamus perversus McLachlan, 1884, p. 46.
LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Villa Real, 25/6. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Philopotamus perversus McL. B.M. 1938-674.

Printed label (blue), Philopotamus perversus McLach., det. McLachlan. LercrTo-
ALLOTYPE 2. McL. type-label (pink). Ruivaées, 29/6. Other data as in male.

Wormaldia copiosa (McLachlan). See Dolophilus.
Wormaldia corvina (McLachlan). See Dolophilus.

Wormaldia pulla (McLachlan). See Dolophilus.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION tor

Wormaldia subnigra McLachlan, 1865, p. 142.

LECTOTYPE ¢. N. Wales, P. C. Wormald. 35/64. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Wormaldia subnigra McLach., det. McLachlan.

This specimen is the only one from any of the original localities mentioned by
McLachlan. The abdomen has been removed, cleared and preserved in a small
tube of glycerine, attached to the staging pin.

Family PoLyCENTROPODIDAE

Cyrnus cintranus McLachlan, 1884, p. 54.

LecroTyPe ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Cintra, 29/4. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Cyrnus cintranus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Cyrnus cintranus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Cyrnus flavidus McLachlan, 1864, p. 29.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 36. (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @).

Cyrnus insolutus McLachlan, 1878, p. 406 ; 1898, p. 50.

Holotype is unique @.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 36 (¢ allotype = LECTOTYPE 4).

Dipseudopsis collaris McLachlan, 1863, p. 496.
LECTOTYPE ¢. Circular blue label, on one side
61.49.
The second example mentioned by McLachlan (North China) is a female, and in
the absence of any evidence that it is correctly associated with the lectotype, I do
not propose to designate it as the allotype.

ce

Hong Kong ’’, on other side,

Dipseudopsis indica McLachlan, 1875a, p. 18.

LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). India. Label in McL.’s writing,
Dipseudopsis indicus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Label in Ulmer’s writing, Dipseudopsis
indica McL. 2 Siticke. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data, but lacking Ulmer’s
label.

The lectotype male now lacks both left wings and most legs. The lectoallotype
has lost metathorax and abdomen.

Dipseudopsis stellata McLachlan, 18752, p. 16.

The McLachlan collection contained seven examples labelled Shanghai, 4 3 2 2
and one damaged specimen. His description applies only to the male sex and only
one male example bears one of his type-labels. This suggests that the females
at least are not of the type-series. Comparison of the writing on the determination
labels confirms this and I am of the opinion that McLachlan only had the one

ENTOM., 6, 4. 5§

10o2 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

example before him when drawing up his description, which specimen automatically
becomes the HOLOTYPE.

Plectrocnemia apennina McLachlan, 1884, p. 52.

LrecToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882.
27.vii.82. Label in McL.’s writing Plectrocnemia appennina McL. B.M. 1938-674.
Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia appennina McLach., det. McLachlan.
LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

The lectotype male has had the abdomen removed, cleared and preserved in a
small tube of glycerine. The spelling of the specific name in the original publication
and on McLachlan’s labels was appennina. A Latin dictionary gives the spelling
of the locality with only one “‘ p’’, as is the case with the printed locality labels.
I therefore consider the spelling appennina to be a lapsus calami and have emended
it as above.

Plectrocnemia brevis McLachlan, 1871a, p. 145.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Sedrun, 27 July. Label in McL.’s
writing, brevis McL. Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia brevis McL. B.M.
1938-674.

Plectrocnemia conspersa Curtis, var. breviuscula McLachlan, 1884, p. 51.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Lago Silissi, 29.vii.1881. Label in
McL.’s writing, breviuscula. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia
conspersa Curt., var. breviuscula McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9.
Same data.

The female type has the abdomen detached and gummed on card.

Plectrocnemia geniculata McLachlan, 18714, p. 145.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Sedrun, 27 July. Label in McL.’s
writing, geniculata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia
geniculata McLach., det. McLachlan.

Plectrocnemia laetabilis McLachlan, 1880, p. 1xxiii.

LecToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 24/6. Eaton, 1878.
Label in McL.’s writing, Plectrocnemia laetabilis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue) Plectrocnemia McLach., det. McLachlan.

Plectrocnemia scruposa McLachlan, 1880, p. lxxii.

LECTOTYPE 4. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 26/6. Eaton, 1878.
Label in McL.’s writing, Plectrocnemia scruposus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Plectrocnemia scruposa McLach., det. McLachlan.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 103

Polycentropus corniger McLachlan, 1884, p. 53.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Villa Real, 23/6. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Polycentropus corniger McL. B.M. 1938-674.
Printed label (blue), Polycentropus corniger McLach., det McLachlan.
LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Polycentropus kingi McLachlan, 18814, p. 254.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Inverness-shire, Strathglass, vii—
viii. 1880, J. J. F. X. King. 146. 1/81. Label in McL.’s writing Polycentropus
kingt McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Polycentropus kingi McLach.,
det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Polycentropus puerilis McLachlan, 18682, p. 204.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label
in McL.’s writing, Polycentropus puerilis McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE
2. Same data.

Present combination. Polyplectropus puerilis (McLachlan).

Polycentropus subnebulosus McLachlan, 1865, p. 146.

Kimmins, 1949, p. 36 (g¢ type = LECTOTYPE @).
Synonym of Holocentropus dubius (Rambur).

Polycentropus telifer McLachlan, 1884, p. 54.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Cintra, 31/5. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Polycentropus telifer McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Polycentropus telifer McLach., det. McLachlan.

Polyplectropus puerilis (McLachlan). See Polycentropus.

Family PSyCHOMYIDAE

Ecnomus deceptor McLachlan, 1884, p. 55; Mosely, 1948, p. 103.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Bouillon, 9/7. Label in McL.’s writing,
Ecnomus deceptor McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Ecnomus deceptor
McLach., det. McLachlan.

The lectotype male has had its abdomen removed, cleared and mounted in canada
balsam. It is from this specimen that Mosely’s description and figures of the male
genitalia were made.

Lype auripilis McLachlan, 1884, p. 58.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Monchique, 19/5. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Lype auripilis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Lype auripilis McLach., det. McLachlan.

109 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Psychomyia ctenophora McLachlan, 1884, p. 59.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Ponte de Morcellos, 12/6. Eaton,
Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Psychomyia ctenophora McL. B.M.
1938-674. Printed label (blue), Psychomyia ctenophora McLach., det. McLachlan.

Psychomyia (Homoeocerus) derelicta McLachlan, 1863a, p. clii.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (2° type = LECTOTYPE 9).

Tinodes assimilis McLachlan, 1865, p. 133.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 36 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE Q).

Tinodes consueta McLachlan, 1871, p. 138.
Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 116 (g type = LECTOTYPE @).

Tinodes foedella McLachlan, 1884, p. 57.

LECTOTYPE 3g. McL. type-label (pink). Cea, 11/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Tinodes foedella McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Tinodes foedella McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Tinodes merula McLachlan, 1882, p. 160.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (mauve). Madeira, 23/11. Label in McL.’s
writing, ZTinodes merula McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes
merula McLach., det. McLachlan.

Tinodes pallidula McLachlan, 1878, p. 419.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Saxony. Label in McL.’s writing,
Tinodes pallidula McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes pallidula
McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Tinodes pusilla MacLachlan, 1865, p. 132.

The type of this species has not been traced in McLachlan’s collection. The specific
name is available to replace Tinodes aureole McLachlan nec Zetterstedt.

Tinodes rostocki McLachlan, 1878, p. 420.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Saxony. Label in McL.’s writing,
Tinodes rostocki McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes rostocki
McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Tinodes zelleri McLachlan, 1878, p. 420.

LECTOTYPE §. Carinthia, Raibl Valley, 12 June 1867, Zeller. B.M. 1938-674.
LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). Zeller, Carinthia, 12/6/67. Label

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 105

in McL.’s writing, Tinodes zelleri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes
zelleri McLach., det. McLachlan.

The lectotype male has been mounted as a microscope preparation.

Family HyDROPSYCHIDAE.

Amphipsyche proluta McLachlan, 1872, p. 70.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Amur Land. Label in McL.’s writing,
Amphipsyche proluta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Amphipsyche
proluta McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Cheumatopsyche albofasciata (McLachlan). See Hydropsyche.

Chloropsyche evanescens McLachlan, 1880. p. lxix.

LecToTyPE g. Amur Land. Label in McL.’s writing, Chloropsyche evanescens McL.
B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Chloropsyche evanescens McLach., det.
McLachlan.

The second male mentioned by McLachlan is no longer in his collection.

Diplectrona felix McLachlan, 1878, p. 376.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 35 (¢ type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 4, LECTOALLOTYPE 9).

Hydropsyche albofasciata McLachlan, 1872, p. 68.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Amur Land. Label in McL.’s writing,
albofasciata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydropsyche albofasciata
McLach., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Chewmatopsyche albofasciata (McLachlan).

Hydropsyche bulbifera McLachlan, 1878, p. 362.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 35 (2 allotype = LECTOALLOTYPE 9).

Hydropsyche colonica McLachlan, 1871, p. 131.

Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 320 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE Q).

LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday.
Label in McL.’s writing, Hydropsyche colonica McL. B.M. 1938-674.

The lectoallotype female is the specimen referred to by Mosely (1953) as a paratype.

Hydropsyche consanguinea McLachlan, 1884, p. 42.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Persien. Label in McL.’s writing, Hydro-
psyche consanguinea McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydropsyche
consanguinea McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

The lectotype male has had the abdomen removed, cleared and preserved in a
small tube of glycerine.

106 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Hydropsyche fimbriata McLachlan, 1862, p. 309.

Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 318 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @).
LECTOALLOTYPE 9. N. Zeal. 54.4.

Hydropsyche ornatula McLachlan, 1878, p. 363.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 35 (3 type, @ allotype = LECTOTYPE 3, LECTOALLOTYPE 9).

Hydropsyche stimulans McLachlan, 1878, p. 370.

LECTOTYPE §g. McL. type-label (mauve). Turkestan. Label in McL.’s writing,
Hydropsyche stimulans McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydropsyche
stimulans McLach., det. McLachlan.

Abdomen of lectotype in small tube of glycerine.

Macronema lautum McLachlan, 1862, p. 308.

LECTOTYPE 9. Hong Kong. 61.49. Label in McL.’s writing, M. lauta McL.
The lectotype has the right wings expanded and right antenna damaged.

Macronema polygrammatum McLachlan, 1871, p. 129.

Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 121 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @).
Synonym of Macronema transversum (Walker).

Macronema radiatum McLachlan, 1872. p. 66.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Sibir. Or., Maack. Label in McL.’s
writing, Macronema radiatum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Macronema
radiatum McLach., det. McLachlan.

Smicridea fasciatella McLachlan, 1871, p. 136.

Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 120 (¢ holotype, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 4,
LECTOALLOTYPE 9).

Smicridea murina McLachlan, 1871, p. 137.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Chili. Label in McL.’s writing, Smicridea
murina McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

The abdomen of the male has been mounted in canada balsam as a microscope
preparation.

Smicridea saucia McLachlan, 1871, p. 137.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Peru. Label in McL.’s writing, Smicridea
saucia McL. B.M. 1938-674.

The abdomen of the lectotype has been cleared in caustic potash solution and placed
in glycerine in a small tube attached to the pin.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 107

Family HyDROPTILIDAE

Agraylea pallicornis Eaton, 1873, p. 148.

LEecToTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Turin, Ghiliani. Label in McL.’s writing,
pallicornis Ein. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Agraylea pallicornis Eaton,
det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Allotrichia pallicornis (Eaton).

Allotrichia pallicornis (Eaton). See Agraylea.

Hydroptila angustella McLachlan, 1865, p. 95.

LECTOTYPE 9. Middlesex, R. Thames, Nr. Hampton, 12.vii.1865, R. McLachlan..
26/65. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Orthotrichia angustella McLach.,
det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Orthotrichia angustella (McLachlan).

Of the three original specimens mentioned by McLachlan, only the example
mentioned above can now be traced in his collection. This specimen now lacks the
metathorax and abdomen.

Hydroptila campanulata Morton, 1896, p. 103.
LECTOTYPE g. Algeria, Eaton. Biskra, 8.ii.94. Label in Morton’s writing,
campanulata. B.M. 1938-674.

Lectotype male mounted as a microscope preparation in canada balsam by M.E.
Mosely.

Hydroptila femoralis (Eaton). See Phrixocoma.

Hydroptila forcipata (Eaton). See Phrixocoma.

Hydroptila fortunata Morton, 1893, p. 76.
LECTOTYPE g. Grand Canary, 11/12/80. Label in Morton’s writing, Hydroptila
fortunata. B.M. 1938-674.

Specimen mounted in canada balsam as a microscope preparation by M. E.
Mosely.

Hydroptila longispina McLachlan, 1884, p. 71.

LECTOTYPE $. McL. type-label (pink). Near Ambleside, viii.1881, J. J. F. X.
King. 160. Label in McL.’s writing, longispina McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Hydroptila femoralis Eaton, det. McLachlan. LEcCTOALLOTYPE Q.
Same data.

Synonym of Hydroptila tineoides Dalman.

Hydroptila occulta (Eaton). See Phrixocoma.

108 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Hydroptila serrata Morton, 18082, p. 108.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Béne, 7.iv.96. Algeria, Eaton. Label
in Morton’s writing, Hydroptila serrata. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Hydroptila serrata Mort., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Hydroptila stellifera Morton, 1893, p. 75.

LECTOTYPE g. Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 27.vii.82. Label in Morton’s
writing, Hydroptila stellifera. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. McL. type-label
(pink). Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 27.vii.82. Label in Morton’s writing,
Hydroptila stellifera. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila stellifera
Mort., det. McLachlan.

I have selected as the lectotype male a specimen mounted in canada balsam as
a microscope preparation by M. E. Mosely.

Hydroptila uncinata Morton, 1893, p. 77.

LECTOTYPE g. Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 26.vii.82. Label in Morton’s
writing, Hydroptila uncinata. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila
uncinata Mort., det. McLachlan.

The lectotype consists of two preparations, made by Morton, mounted between
cover-glasses. These were originally attached to a pin, but have now been fastened
by gummed strips to a microscope slide. The other two specimens mentioned have
not been traced in the McLachlan collection.

Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton, 1873, p. 140.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Derbyshire, Sandy Brook, near Hanging
Bridge, 14.vi.1871, A. E. Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, lamellaris Ein. B.M.
1938-674. Printed label (blue), Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton, det. McLachlan.

The type has been reduced by the action of pests to a thorax and one pair of wings.
The paratype has been similarly affected.

Orthotrichia angustella (McLachlan). See Hydroptila.

Oxyethira spinosella McLachlan, 1884, p. 72.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Madeira, 25/11/80. Label in McL.’s
writing, Oxyethira spinosella McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Oxyethira
spinosella McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 92. Same data.

Oxyethira unidentata McLachlan, 1884, p. 73.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Silves, 17/5. Eaton, Portugal, 1880.
Label in McL.’s writing, Oxyethira unidentata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Oxyethira unidentata McLach., det. McLachlan.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION tog

Phrixocoma femoralis Eaton, 1873, p. 137.

LecToTyPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Derbyshire, Mappleton, 9-10. vi.1871,
A. E. Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, femoralis Etn. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Hydroptila femoralis Eaton, det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE @.
Same data.

Present combination. Hydroptila femoralis (Eaton), synonym of Hydroptila
tineoides Dalman.

Phrixocoma forcipata Eaton, 1873, p. 135.

LecrotyPe ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Derbyshire, Mappleton, 9-10. vi.1871,
A. E. Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, forcipata Etn. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label -(blue), Hydroptila forcipata Eaton, det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE Q.
Same data.

Present combination. Hydroptila forcipata (Eaton).

Phrixocoma occulta Eaton, 1873, p. 135.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Label in McL.’s writing, occulta Ein.
B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila occulta Eaton, det. McLachlan.

The type and three paratypes were found, without any locality labels, in McLach-
lan’s British Trichoptera collection.

Present combination. Hydroptila occulta (Eaton).

Family PHRYGANEIDAE

Neuronia stalii McLachlan, 1868, p. 289.
LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Sweden. Label in McL.’s writing,

stalit McL. (Type). B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Oligostomis stalii McLach.
Present combination. Oligostomis stalit (McLachlan).

Oligostomis stalii (McLachlan). See Neuronia.

Phryganea obsoleta McLachlan, 1865, p. 16.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 33 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE 4).

Phyrganea japonica McLachlan, 1866a, p. 248.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Hakodadi. Label in McL.’s writing, Phryganea japonica McL.
B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Japan. Other data as in male.

None of the specimens bears either a McL. type-label or has been marked as
“type”? by him. The lectotype male has been chosen from three males to which
Mosely had attached co-type labels, two from McLachlan’s collection and one from
the British Museum series. I did not select the latter (although I have no doubt
that it is one of the type series) because it does not bear a determination label by

110 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

McLachlan, only a hand-written label (not McLachlan, I believe) “‘ Gen. Holostomis,
new sp.” The female allotype I have chosen from two in McLachlan’s collection,
whose determination labels are in writing which I think belongs to about the right
period. I have rejected the specimens collected by Pryer, since at the time of publi-
cation of japonica he would only have been about sixteen years old.

Family LIMNEPHILIDAE

Allogamus hilaris (McLachlan). See Halesus.

Allogamus ligonifer (McLachlan). See Halesus.
Allogamus mendax (McLachlan). See Halesus.
Anabolia dualis (McLachlan). See Arctoecia.

Anabolia nervosa (Curtis), var. putoni McLachlan, 1884, p. 7.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Vosges, 1883, Label in McL.’s writing,
var. putoni McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anabolia nervosa (Leach)
Curtis, var. putoni McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as male,
but lacking McL. type-label and McL. MSS. label.

Anabolia soror McLachlan, 1875, p. 104.

LECTOTYPE ¢. 29/9/60, Zeller. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anabolia
soror McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Zeller. B. M.1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Anabolia soror McLach., det. McLachlan.

Anabolia sororcula McLachlan, 1876, p. viii ($) ; 1880, p. xxiv (9).

LECTOTYPE ¢. Minsk. Wankowicz. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Anabolia sororcula McLach., det McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Finland, Sahlberg.
B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anabolia sororcula McLach., det. McLachlan.

Synonym of Anabolia soror McLachlan.

Anisogamus difformis (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.

Anisogamus noricanus McLachlan, 1875, p. I10.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Alp. noric., Nassfeld, Palmén. Label
in McL.’s writing, Anisogamus noricanus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Anisogamus noricanus McLach., det. McLachlan.

Annitella (Praeannitella) obscurata (McLachlan). See Chaetopteryx.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 111

Apatania eatoniana McLachlan, 1880, p. xlv.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Mt. Mezenc, 2/8. Eaton, 1878. Label in
McL.’s writing, Apatania eatoniana McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue)
Apatania eatoniana McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-
label (mauve). Haute Loire, 1/8. Other data as in male.

Apatania frigida McLachlan, 1867, p. 57.

Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 121 (g$ holotype, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE Q,
LECTOALLOTYPE 9°).

Synonym of Apatania stigmatella (Zetterstedt).

Apatania majuscula McLachlan, 1872, p. 66.
LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Irkutsk, 20.v.66. Sibir. orient., Maack.

Label in McL.’s writing, Apatania majuscula McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Apatania majuscula McLach., det. McLachlan.

Apatania meridiana McLachlan, 1880, p. xliv.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 10/6. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing Apatania meridiana McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Apatania meridiana McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Apatania muliebris McLachlan 1866, p. 113 ; 1876, p. 215.

LECTOTYPE 9. Sussex, Arundel, 22.viii.1865, R. McLachlan. 32/65. B.M.
1938-674. Printed label (blue), Apatania muliebris McLach., det. McLachlan.

The abdomen of the type has been made into a microscope preparation and attached
to the pin of the specimen. In 1865 (footnote, p. 75) McLachlan gave a brief diagnosis
of the species, without giving it a name; in 1866 he gave it the provisional name
muliebris, and in 1876 he gave the first full description. I am of the opinion that
the name should date from 1866.

Apatania wallengreni McLachlan, 18710, p. 281.
Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (3 type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 3, LECTOALLOTYPE 9).

Arctoecia dualis McLachlan, 1875, p. 108.

LECTOTYPE 92. McL. type-label (pink). Sweden. Label in McL.’s writing,
Arctoecia dualis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Arctoecia concentrica
Zett., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Anabolia dualis (McLachlan), synonym of Anabolia concen-
trica (Zetterstedt).

Asynarchus fusorius (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.
Catadice estrellensis McLachlan, 1884, p. 13.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Sabugueira, 5/6. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Catadice estrellensis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed

112 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

label (blue), Catadice estrellensis McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOALLOTYPE Q.
McL. type-label (pink), otherwise as in male.
Present combination. Drusus estrellensis (McLachlan).

Chaetopteryx major McLachlan, 1876, p. 198.

Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @).
LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Roghfr [? Rogenhofer). Chaetopteryx villosa Fb. Austr.
B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Chaetopteryx major McLach., det. McLachlan.

Chaetopteryx obscurata McLachlan, 1884, p. 16 (9).

LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Vosges, 1883. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Chaetop-
teryx obscurata McLach., det. McLachlan.
Present combination. Annitella (Praeannitella) obscurata (McLachlan).

Consorophylax consors (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.
Consorophylax montivagus (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.

Cryptothrix nebulicola McLachlan, 1867, p. 56.

LECTOALLOTYPE 9. No 24 in collection sent to Mr. Curtis by M. Pictet, and sub-
sequently purchased by the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 24. Brévent. Purchased
from Mr. Curtis. B.M. 1927-468.

Drusus estrellensis (McLachlan). See Catadice.
Drusus improvisus (McLachlan). See Monocentra.

Drusus melanchaetes McLachlan, 1876, p. 177.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Gotthrd, 19.vii. Label in McL.’s
writing, Drusus melanchaetes McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Drusus
melanchaetes McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Furka. B.M. 1938-674.
Printed label (blue), Drusus melanchaetes McLach., det. McLachlan.

Drusus monticola McLachlan, 1876, p. 174.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Seefeld, Eaton. Label in McL.’s
writing, Drusus monticola McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Drusus
monticola McLach., det. McLachlan.

Ecclisopteryx madida (McLachlan). See Halesus.

Glyphotaelius mutatus McLachlan, 1872, p. 60.
LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Sibir. Or., Maack. Label in McL.’s
writing, Glyphotaelius mutatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Glypho-
_taelius mutatus McLach. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.
Present combination. Nemotaulius (Macrotaulius) mutatus (McLachlan).

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 113

Grammotaulius brevilinea McLachlan, 1871, p. 107.

LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Japan. Label in McL.’s writing, Gram-
motaulius brevilinea McL. B.M. 1938-674.

I am unable to recognize the second example referred to by McLachlan. All
the other examples are collected by Pryer or Lewis, whose names would certainly
have been mentioned by him.

Present combination. Nemotaulius brevilinea (McLachlan).

Grammotaulius sibiricus McLachlan, 1874, p. 40; 1876, p. iv; 1880, p. xvi.

LECTOTYPE ¢g. Sibir. orient., Maack. Label in McL.’s writing, Grammotaulius
sibiricus McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Car. lad., Appelberg. Label
in McL.’s writing, Grammotaulius sibiricus 9. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Grammotaulius sibiricus McLach.

The abdomens of both male and female have been mounted as microscope prepara-
tions.

Grammotaulius signatipennis McLachlan, 1876, p. iv (g); 1880, p. xvii (9).

LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Sibir. orient. Maack. Labels in

McL.’s writing, Grammotaulius sibiricus McL., Grammotaulius signatipennis &.
B.M. 1938-674.

Halesus amplus McLachlan, 1894, p. 421.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Ta-chien-lu. Label in McL.’s writing,
Halesus amplus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Pseudostenophylax amplus McL., det.
M. E. Mosely. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Thibet, Tatsienlot,
Mgr. F. Biet. Label in McL.’s writing, Halesus amplus McL. B.M. 1938-674.

The lectotype male has had the abdomen removed, cleared and mounted as a
microscope preparation.

Present combination. Pseudostenophylax amplus (McLachlan).

Halesus hilaris McLachlan, 1876, p. 154.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Airolo. Label in McL.’s writing,
Halesus hilaris McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Halesus hilaris McLach.,
det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Present combination. Allogamus hilaris (McLachlan).

Halesus ligonifer McLachlan, 1876, p. 155; 1884, p. 13.

LECTOALLOTYPE g. Vosges, 1883. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Halesus
ligonifer McLach., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Allogamus ligonifer (McLachlan).

Halesus madidus McLachlan, 1867, p. 53.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Stelzing, Jul. 61. Zeller. 61. Labels in
McL.’s writing, madidus McL. (Type), Ecclisopteryx madida McL. B.M. 1938-674.

114 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Printed label (blue), Ecclisopteryx madida McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLO-
TYPE 2. Data as in male, apart from madidus McL. (Type).
Present combination. Ecclisopteryx madida (McLachlan).

Halesus melampus McLachlan, 1876, p. 158.

LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Airolo. Label in McL.’s writing, Halesus
melampus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Halesus melampus McLach.,
det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Melampophylax melampus (McLachlan).

Halesus mendax McLachlan, 1876, p. 156.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Switzerland. Label in McL.’s writing,
Halesus mendax McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Halesus mendax
McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Present combination. Allogamus mendax (McLachlan).

Hydatophylax infumatus (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.
Hydatophylax nigrovittatus (McLachlan). See Platyphylax.

Limnophilus centralis Curtis, var. italicus McLachlan, 1884, p. 6.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 2.vili.1882.
Label in McL.’s writing, L. centralis, var. italicus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Limnophilus centralis Curt., var. italicus McL., det. McLachlan. LEcTo-
ALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Present combination. Limnephilus centralis Curtis, var. ttalicus McLachlan.

Limnophilus dispar McLachlan, 1873, p. 97.
LECTOTYPE ¢. Minsk, Wankowicz. Label in McL.’s writing, L. dispar. B.M.
1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus dispar McLach., det. McLachlan.
LECTOALLOTYPE 9. 13/5/63, Zeller. Other labels as in male.
The male has one pair of wings removed and mounted on card.
Present combination. Limnephilus dispar McLachlan.

Limnophilus extricatus McLachlan, 1865, p. 49.

Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (¢ type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE gj, LECTOALLOTYPE 9).
Present combination. Limnephilus extricatus McLachlan.

Limnophilus miser McLachlan, 1875, p. 89.

Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 124 (type 3g, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE g, LECTO-
ALLOTYPE 9).
Present combination. Limnephilus miser McLachlan.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 115

Limnophilus pantodapus McLachlan, 1875, p. 70.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Minute label, Lp. in. Label in McL.’s
writing, L. pantodapus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus
pantodapus (Wlgr.) McL., det. McLachlan.

Present comibnation. Limnephilus pantodapus McLachlan.

Limnophilus picturatus McLachlan, 1875, p. 78.

LEcTOTYPE 2. McL. type-label (pink). Sweden. Label in McL.’s writing, L.
picturatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus picturatus
McLach., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Limnephilus picturatus McLachlan.

Limnophilus politus McLachlan, 1865, p. 39.

Kimmins, 1949, p. 33 (¢ type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 3, LECTOALLOTYPE Q).
Present combination. Limnephilus politus McLachlan.

Limnephilus xanthodes McLachlan, 1875, p. 60.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Norfolk, Norwich and Ranworth Fen, 1871, C. G. Barrett.
6/71. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus xanthodes McLachlan.
LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Melampophylax melampus (McLachlan). See Halesus.

Mesophylax aspersus Rambur, var canariensis McLachlan, 1882, p. 157.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Grand Canary, 11/12. Canaries,
Eaton, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, var. canariensis McLach. B.M. 1938-674.
Printed label (blue), Mesophylax aspersus Ramb., var. canariensis McLach., det.
McLachlan.

Mesophylax impunctatus McLachlan, 1884, p. 10.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Ziirich, 15.v. Label in McL.’s writing,
Mesophylax impunctatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Mesophylax
impunctatus McLach., det. McLachlan.

Micropterna fissa (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.

Micropterna nycterobia McLachlan, 1875, p. 139.

Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (2 type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE Jj, LECTOALLOTYPE 9).
Present combination. Stenophylax nycterobia (McLachlan).

Micropterna sequax McLachlan, 1875, p. 141.

Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @).
Present combination. Stenophylax sequax (McLachlan).

116 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Monocentraimprovisa McLachlan, 1884, p. 15.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, 1.viii.1882, Eaton.
Label in McL.’s writing, Monocentra improvisa McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label. (blue), Monocentra improvisa McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE Q.
Date 2.viii. 1882. otherwise as in male.

Present combination. Drusus improvisus (McLachlan).

Nemotaulius brevilinea (McLachlan). See Grammotaulius.
Nemotaulius (Macrotaulius) mutatus (McLachlan). See Glyphotaelius.

Platyphylax nigrovittatus McLachlan, 1872, p. 64.

LecToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Sibir. orient., Maack. Label in McL.’s
writing, Platyphylax nigrovittatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Platyphylax nigro-vittatus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same
data.

Present combination. Hydatophylax nigrovittatus (McLachlan).

Pseudopsilopteryx zimmeri (McLachlan). See Psilopteryx.
Pseudostenophylax amplus (McLachlan). See Halesus.
Pseudostenophylax amurensis (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.

Psilopteryx zimmeri McLachlan, 1876, p. 189.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Airolo, 9.x. Label in McL.’s writing,
Psilopteryx zimmeri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Psilopteryx zimmeri
McLach., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Pseudopsilopteryx zimmerit (McLachlan).

Pycnopsyche limbata (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.
Rhadicoleptus spinifer (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.
Rhadicoleptus ucenorum (McLachlan). See Stenophylax.

Stenophylax amurensis McLachlan, 1880, p. 1xxxii.

LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). I. Askold, Amur. Label in McL.’s
writing, Stenophylax amurensis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Steno-
phylax amurensis McLach., det. McLachlan.

According to McLachlan, there was also a female in the De Sélys collection. Ulmer
(1907, Coll. Zool. Sélys, fasc. 6 (I), p. 24) makes no mention of this specimen in his

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 117

account of the main De Sélys collection of Trichoptera and it was presumably missing
at that time. The example from the McLachlan collection has therefore been desig-
nated as lectotype.

Present combination. Pseudostenophylax amurensis (McLachlan).

Stenophylax consors McLachlan, 1880, p. xxxiii.

LecTtoTyPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Savoy, 17/9/79. Label in McL.’s
writing, Stenophylax consors McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax
consors McLach., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Consorophylax consors (McLachlan).

Stenophylax difformis McLachlan, 1867, p. 51.

Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (¢ type, 9 allotype = LECTOTYPE g, LECTOALLOTYPE 9).
Present combination. Anisogamus difformis (McLachlan).

Stenophylax fissus McLachlan 1875, p. 133.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Montpellier. Label in McL.’s writing,
Stenophylax fissus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micropterna fissa
McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Tangier, Dec. 1873. Other data as
for male.

Present combination. Stenophylax fissus McLachlan.

Stenophylax fusorius McLachlan, 1875, p. 116.

LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Nr. alp. Label in McL.’s writing,
Stenophylax fusorius McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax
fusorius (Wllgr.) McLach., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Asynarchus fusorius (McLachlan), synonym of Asynarchus
lapponicus (Zetterstedt).

Stenophylax infumatus McLachlan, 1865, p. 63 (3) ; 1875, p. 124 (9).

LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Perthshire: Loch Rannoch dist.,
2-12.vi.1865, R. McLachlan. 17/65. Label in McL.’s writing, S. infumatus McL.
B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax infumatus McLach., det. McLachlan.
LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Surrey, Haslemere, 1868, C. G. Barrett. 31/68. Other data
as in male.

The lectoallotype female has been selected as it is the first female mentioned by
McLachlan in his Monographic Revision.

Present combination. Hydatophylax infumatus (McLachlan).

Stenophylax limbatus McLachlan, 1871, p. 108.

Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 126 (g type = LECTOTYPE Q).
Present combination. Pycnopsyche limbata (McLachlan).

118 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Stenophylax montivagus McLachlan, 1867, p. 50.

LECTOTYPE g. Stelzing, Jul. 61. Zeller. 5. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax
montivagus McL. (Type). B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax monti-
vagus McLach., det. McLachlan.

The abdomen of the lectotype has been cleared in caustic potash and mounted as
a microscope preparation in canada balsam.

Present combination. Consorophylax montivagus (McLachlan).

Stenophylax mucronatus McLachlan, 1884, p. 9 ().

LECTOALLOTYPE Q. Ziirich. Label in McL.’s writing, mucronatus McL. B.M.
1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax mucronatus McLach., det. McLachlan.

Stenophylax nycterobia (McLachlan). See Micropterna.
Stenophylax sequax (McLachlan). See Micropterna.

Stenophylax speluncarum McLachlan, 1875, p. 136.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Laibach. Palmén. 54. Label in McL.’s
writing, Stenophylax speluncarum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Steno-
phylax speluncarum McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Stenophylax spinifer McLachlan, 1875, p. 120.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, Marshall. Label in McL.’s
writing, Stenophylax spinifer McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax
spinifer McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Present combination. Rhadicoleptus spinifer (McLachlan).

Stenophylax ucenorum McLachlan, 1876, p. ix.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Col du Lautaret. Label in McL.’s
writing, Stenophylax ucenorum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Steno-
phylax ucenorum McLach., det McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Present combination. Rhadicoleptus ucenorum (McLachlan).

Family MOLANNIDAE

Mollanodes zelleri McLachlan, 1866a, p. 179.

LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). 28/7/63. Label in McL.’s writing, zelleri
McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Molannodes zelleri McLach., det.
McLachlan.

Molannodes steinii McLachlan, 1872a, p. 118.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Silesia, Stein. Label in McL.’s writing,
steintt McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Molannodes steini McLach.,
det. McLachlan.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 119

McLachlan lists two examples from Silesia in his collection, sent to him by
Dr. Stein, and a male taken in Finland by Fedtschenko. Only one Silesian specimen
can now be traced amongst McLachlan’s material and this has been designated the
lectotype. It may be pointed out that although the locality label reads “ Silesia,
Stein’, the original description states that the specimens were collected by de
Chanoin (or von Chauvin).

Family CALAMOCERATIDAE

Anisocentropus cretosus McLachlan, 18754, p. II.

LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Bouru, Wallace, Label in McL.’s
writing, Anisocentropus cretosus McL. B.M. 1938-674.

Anisocentropus dilucidus McLachlan, 1863, p. 494.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Circular label ‘‘ N ’’. Rectangular label, N. Gui., Wallace. Saunders,
68.3. Label in McL.’s writing, Anisocentropus dilucidus McLach. Example with
expanded wings.

Anisocentropus illustris McLachlan, 1863, p. 494.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Circular label ““S”’ (Salwatty). Rectangular label, ““N. Gui.,
Wallace ’’. Saunders, 68.3. Label in McL.’s writing, Anisocentropus illustris McLach.

Ascalaphomerus finitimus McLachlan, 1862, p. 304.

LECTOTYPE g. N. China, 54.8. Label in McL.’s writing, A. finitimus McL. LEcTOo-
ALLOTYPE 9. N. China, 54.8.

The lectotype now lacks one antenna and the other is broken and gummed to the
left eye. The costal edge of the left fore wing is damaged. The lectoallotype has only
the bases of the antennae left and the left fore wing and tip of hind wing are damaged.

Heteroplectron californicum McLachlan, 1871, p .125.

Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 130 (¢ holotype, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 4d,
LECTOALLOTYPE 9).

Fam. LEPTOCERIDAE
Adicella moestella (McLachlan). See Setodes.
Adicella reducta (McLachlan). See Setodes.
Athripsodes commutatus (McLachlan). See Leptocerus.

Athripsodes cuneorum (McLachlan). See Leptocerus.
Athripsodes inaequalis (McLachlan). See Leptocerus.

Athripsodes interjectus (McLachlan). See Leptocerus.

120 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Erotesis baltica McLachlan, 1877, p. 326.

LectTotyPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Oesel, Nolcken. Label in McL.’s writing,
Erotesis baltica McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Erotesis baltica McLach.,
det. McLachlan.

Type with abdomen gummed to card.

Erotesis (?) melanella McLachlan, 1884, p. 38.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Sao Barnabe, 12/5. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Evotesis melanella McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Erotesis melanella McLach., det. McLachlan. LrEcToALLoTyPE 9.
Same data.

Hudsonema amabilis (McLachlan). See Tetracentron.

Leptocerus cognatus McLachlan, 1862, p. 306; 18684, p. 212.

LECTOALLOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label
in McL.’s writing, Notanatolica cognata McL. B.M. 1938-674.

Present combination. Notanatolica cognata (McLachlan), synonym of Notanatolica
magna (Walker).

Leptocerus commutatus McLachlan, 1877, p. 308.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Saxony. Label in Rostock’s writing,
Leptocerus commutatus Rost. Label in McL.’s writing, commutatus McL. B.M.
1938-674. Printed label (blue), Leptocerus commutatus McLach., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Athripsodes commutatus (McLachlan).

Leptocerus cuneorum McLachlan, 1884, p. 34.

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (mauve). Almodovar, 8/5. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Leptocerus cuneorum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue), Leptocerus cuneorum McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE Q.
Same data.

Present combination. Athripsodes cuneorum (McLachlan).

Leptocerus exiguus McLachlan, 1862, p. 307.

Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 263 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE Q).
Present combination. Symphitoneuria exigua (McLachlan).

Leptocerus inaequalis McLachlan 1884, p. 34.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Almodovar, 8/5. Eaton, Portugal,
1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Leptocerus inaequalis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed
label (blue) Leptocerus inaequalis McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE &.
Same data.

Present combination. Athripsodes inaequalis (McLachlan).

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 121

Leptocerus interjectus McLachlan, 1881, p. cxxx.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Bouillon, 10/7. Labelin McL.’s writing,
Leptocerus interjectus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Leptocerus inter-
jectus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data.

Present combination. Athripsodes interjectus (McLachlan).

Leptocerus lusitanicus (McLachlan). See Setodes.

Mystacides leucoptera McLachlan, 1884, p. 37.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Lago di Garda, I.viii.81. Label
in McL.’s writing, Mystacides leucoptera McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue)
Mystacides leucoptera McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Notanatolica cognata (McLachlan). See Leptocerus.

Oecetis intima McLachlan, 1877, p. 331.

LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Krasnowodsk. Label in McL.’s writing,

Oecetis intima McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Oecetis intima McLach.,
det. McLachlan.

Oecetis unicolor (McLachlan). See Setodes.

Setodes argentifera McLachlan, 1871, p. 129.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). NW. India, Horne. Label in McL.’s
writing, Setodes argentifera McL. B.M. 1938-674.

Setodes argentipunctella McLachlan, 1877a, p. 105.

LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Muckross, Killarney, 18.vili.77, A. E.
Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, Setodes argentipunctella McL. B.M. 1938-674.

Printed label (blue), Setodes argentipunctella McLach., det. McLachlan. Lrcro-
ALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Setodes lusitanica McLachlan, 1884, p. 40.

LecToTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Ponte de Morcellos, 12/6. Eaton,
Portugal, 1880. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Setodes lusitanica McLach.,
det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Leptocerus lusitanicus (McLachlan).

Setodes moestella McLachlan, 1868, p. 208.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Zeller, Carinthia. 26/6/67. Label in
McL.’s writing, moestella McLach. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Adicella
filicornis Pict., det. McLachlan. LEcToaLLotypE 9. Date 4/6/67, otherwise as for
male.

Present combination. Adicella moestella (McLachlan), synonym of Adicella
filicornis (Pictet).

122 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Setodes reducta McLachlan, 1865, p. 120.

Kimmins, 1949, p. 35 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE 4).
Present combination. Adicella reducta (McLachlan).

Setodes unicolor McLachlan, 18682, p. 203.

Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 301 (g type = LECTOTYPE @).
Present combination. Oecetis unicolor (McLachlan).

Symphitoneuria exigua (McLachlan). See Leptocerus.
Tetracentron amabile McLachlan, 1868a, p. 2o1.

LECTOTYPE g. Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing, Tetracentron
amabilis McL., Type. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

The type has the right wings missing (? removed by McLachlan for figuring)
and the allotype has the right wings between celluloid.

Present combination. Hudsonema amabilis (McLachlan).

Triaenodes reuteri McLachlan 1880, p. Ixv.

LecToTyPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Sweden. P. Wg. Label in McL.’s
writing, Triaenodes reuteri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Triaenodes
reuteri McLach., det. McLachlan.

Family SERICOSTOMATIDAE

Brachycentrus albescens McLachlan, 1876, p. 256.

LECTOTYPE 3. Petropol. Kolenati. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Brachy-
centrus albescens McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as for male
but with additional written label, Hydronautia albicans Kolen.

Dinarthrum ferox McLachlan, 1871, p. 118.
Mosely, 1939, p. 335 (3 holotype = LECTOTYPE @).

Helicopsyche lusitanica McLachlan, 1884, p. 28.

LecToTyPE 3g. McL. type-label (pink). Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s
writing, Helicopsyche lusitanica McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Heli-
copsyche lusitanica McLach., det. McLachlan.

Helicopsyche revelieri McLachlan, 1884, p. 29.

LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Porto Vecchio. Label in McL.’s writing,
Helicopsyche revelieri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Helicopsyche
revelieri McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Data as for male but lacking
McL.’s written label.

Micrasema (?) exiguum McLachlan, 1876, p. 265.

LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). Zeller. R. 16/7. Dasystoma nigrum
Br. 44. lit. 4.59. Label in McL.’s writing, Muicrasema (?) exiguum McL. B.M.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 123

1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema minimum McLach., det. McLachlan.
Synonym of Micrasema minimum McLachlan.

Micrasema longulum McLachlan, 1876, p. 263.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Saxony. Label in McL.’s writing,
Micrasema longulum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema longulum
McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data.

Both lectotypes have the right wings missing.

Micrasema minimum McLachlan, 1876, p. 264.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Mittenwald, Eaton. Label in McL.’s
writing, Micrasema minimum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema
minimum McLach., det. McLachlan.

Micrasema moestum (Hagen) McLachlan, 1884, p. 25.

LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Spain, Sierra de Gredos. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Micrasema moestum Hagen, det. McLachlan.
Micrasema morosum (McLachlan). See Oligoplectrum.

Micrasema scissum McLachlan, 1884, p. 26.
Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 136. (¢ holotype = LECTOTYPE 4).

Micrasema tristellum McLachlan, 1876, p. 261.

LECTOTYPE 3g. McL. type-label (mauve). Bionassay, 23/7. Label in McL.’s
writing, Micrasema tristellum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema
tristellum McLach., det. McLachlan.

Lectotype has right wings missing.

Notidobia griseola McLachlan, 1871, p. 112.

Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 139 (6 type = LECTOTYPE @).
Present combination. Sericostoma griseolum (McLachlan).

Oligoplectrum morosum McLachlan, 1868, p. 297.

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Zeller, Carinthia. 17/7/67. Label in
McL.’s writing, Micrasema morosum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Micrasema morosum McLach., det. McLachlan. LrecroaLLtotyPe 9. McL. type
label (pink). Zeller, Carinthia. 10/7/67. Label in McL.’s writing, D. morosum McL.
B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema morosum McLach., det. McLachlan.

Present combination. Micrasema morosum (McLachlan).

Pseudoeconesus mimus McLachlan, 18942, p. 239.
Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. II4.

LEcTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). 11. Wellington, New Zealand. Label
in McL.’s writing, Pseudoeconesus mimus McL. B.M. 1938-674:

1244 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

Lectotype has left wings mounted between celluloid and abdomen mounted as
a microscope preparation. The preparations are figured in Mosely & Kimmins, 1953.

Pseudoeconesus stramineus McLachlan, 18944, p. 240.

Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 109.

LecToTyPE g. McL. type-label (pink). 12b. New Zealand, Hudson. Label in
McL.’s writing, Pseudoeconesus stramineus McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE
2. Mt. Arthur, New Zealand, 2800 ft., 19/1/86. Label in McL.’s writing, Pseud-
oeconesus stramineus McL. B.M. 1938-674.

The male lectotype has right fore wing and left hind wing mounted between
celluloid and abdomen mounted as a microscope preparation. The allotype has the
left wings between celluloid and abdomen mounted as microscope preparation.

Pycnocentria aureola McLachlan, 1868, p. 200.

Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 82 ($ type = LECTOTYPE 4d).
Present combination. Pycnocentrodes aureola (McLachlan).

Pycnocentria evecta McLachlan, 1868, p. 35.
Mosely & Kimmins 1953, p. 37 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE 4).

Pycnocentria funerea McLachlan, 18668, p. 252.
Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 40 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE Q).

Pycnocentrodes aureola (McLachlan). See Pycnocentria.
Schizopelex furcifera McLachlan, 1880, p. xlviii.

LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 15/6. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing, Schizopelex furcifera McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Schizopelex furcifera McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as for
male but date 11/6.

Sericostoma griseolum (McLachlan). See Notidobia.
Sericostoma hamiferum McLachlan, 1876, p. 232.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Dartmoor, Leach. Labelsin Mosely’s writing, CO-TY PE, Sericostoma
hamiferum McL., det. M. E. Mosely and See McL., Mon. p. 232, found in sertes of
S. personatum Spence. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Dartmoor, Leach. CO-TYPE, Sericostoma
hamiferum McL., det. M. E. Mosely.

McLachlan, in his original description, expresses doubt as to the locality label
and suggests that the specimens were from N. Italy.

Synonym of Sericostoma galeatum Rambur.

Sericostoma subaequale McLachlan, 1898a, p. 49.

LECTOTYPE ¢.° Tirol, 31.vii.81. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Sericostoma
subaequale McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Date 30.vii.81, otherwise
as in male.

LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 125

Silo fumipennis McLachlan, 1865, p. 83.

Lectotype ¢. Kent, Sutton-at-Hone, 10.vi.1864, R. McLachlan. 16/64. B.M.
1938-674. Printed label (blue), Silo nigricornis Pict., det. McLachlan. Lrcto-
ALLOTYPE 92. Same data.

These specimens no longer bear any label indicating that they were originally
the type-series of Silo fumipennis McL., but I have no doubt that they are the
specimens referred to by McLachlan.

Synonym of Silo nigricornis (Pictet).

Silo mediterraneus McLachlan, 1884, p. 23.

LecrotyPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, 27.vii.1882, Eaton.
Label in McL.’s writing, Silo mediterranea McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label
(blue), Silo mediterraneus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same
data.

Thremma gallicum McLachlan, 1880, p. Iviii.

LecToTyYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Le Lioran, 26/7. Eaton, 1878. Label
in McL.’s writing, Thremma gallicum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue),
Thremma gallicum McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Pyrenees, 20/6,
other labels as in male.

The allotype lacks its abdomen.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Eaton, A. E. 1873. On the Hydroptilidae, a Family of the Trichoptera. Tvans. ent. Soc.
Lond. 1873 : 125-151.
Kiumins, D. E. 1949. The Types of certain species of Trichoptera described by Robert
McLachlan. Entomologist, 82 : 33-37.
Kimmins, D. E. & DeEnninc, D. G. 1951. The McLachlan Types of North American
Trichoptera in the British Museum. Ayn. ent. Soc. Amer. 44: 111-140.
McLacuian, R. 1862. Characters of New Species of Exotic Trichoptera; also of one New
Species inhabiting Britain. Tyvans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1 : 307-311.
1863. On Anisocentropus, a new Genus of Exotic Trichoptera, with Descriptions of Five
Species and of a new Species of Dipseudopsis. Ibid. (3) 1: 492-496.
1863a. Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1863 : 151-152.
18636. Notes on British Trichoptera, with Description of a New Species of Rhyacophila.
Ent. Ann. 1863 : 129-136.
1864. On the Trichopterous genus Polycentropus, and the allied genera. Ent. mon,
Mag. 1 : 25-31.
1865. Trichoptera Britannica; a Monograph of the British Species of Caddis-flies.
Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 5 : 1-184.
1866. Note respecting a species of Apatania. Ent. mon. Mag. 3: 113.
1866a. Description d’un genre nouveau et d’une espéce nouvelle d’Insectes Trichopteres
Européens (Molannodes zelleri). Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (4) 6 : 175-180.
18666. Description of new or little-known Genera and Species of Exotic Trichoptera ;
with Observations on certain Species described by Mr. F. Walker. Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond.
(3) 5: 247-278.

1246 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION

McLacuian, R. 1867. Bemerkungen iiber europdische Phryganiden, nebst Beschreibung
eineiger neuer Genera und Species. Stett. ent. Zeit. 28 : 50-63.
1868. Contributions to a knowledge of European Trichoptera (First Part). Tvans.
ent. Soc. Lond. 1868 : 289-308.
1868a. On some new forms of Trichopterous insects from New Zealand ; with a list of
the species known to inhabit those Colonies. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. 10 : 196-214.
1871. On new Forms, etc., of extra-European Trichopterous Insects. Jbid. 11 : 98-141.
1871a. The species of the Trichopterous genus Plectrocnemia. Ent. mon. Mag. 8 :143-
146.
1871b. Notes on the Trichoptera of Zetterstedt’s Insecta Lapponica, in connection with
the nomenclature of British species. Ibid. 8 : 281-282.
-—— 1872. Matériaux pur une Faune Névroptérologique de l’Asie Septentrionale. Ann.
ent. Soc. Belg. 15 : 60-71.
1872a. Notes on the Neuroptera of Siberia and European Russia (in Russian). C.R.
Soc. Amis Sci. nat. Mosc. 10 : 113-125.
1874. A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna.
London. Pt. 1: 1-46.
—— 1875. Ibid. op., pts. 2-3 : 47-144.
1875a. Descriptions de plusieurs Névropteres-Planipennes et Trichoptéres nouveaux de
Vile de Celebes, et de quelques espéces nouvelles de Dipseudopsis, avec considérations sur
ce genre. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 18: 1-21.
1876. Mon. Rev. Syn. Trich. Pts. 4-5: 145-280, and Supplement, pp. i—xii.
1877. Ibid. op., pt. 6: 281-248.
1877a. Description of a new species of Setodes occurring in the British Isles. Ent. mon.
Mag. 14 : 105-106.
1878. Mon. Rev. Syn. Trich., pt. 7 : 349-428.
1879. Ibid. op., pt. 8 : 429-500.
1880. Ibid. op., pt. 9: 501-523, and Supplement, pp. xiii-lxxxiv.
1881. Trichoptéres, Névroptéres-Planipennes, et Pseudo-Névroptéres, récoltés pendant
une excursion en Belgique au mois Juillet, 1881. CR. Soc. ent. Belg. 25 : cxxvi-cxxxvi.
1881a. Description of a new species of Trichoptera (Polycentropus kingi) from Scotland.
Ent. mon. Mag. 17 : 254-255.
1882. The Neuroptera of Madeira and the Canary Islands. j. Linn. Soc., Zool. 16:
149-184.
1884. A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna.
London. 1st Additional Supplement, pp. 1-76.
1894. On two small collections of Neuroptera from Ta-chien-lu, in the Province of
Szechuen, Western China, on the frontier of Thibet. Ann. Mag. n. H. (6) 13 : 421-436.
1894a. Some additions to the Neuropterous fauna of New Zealand, with notes on certain
described species. Ent. mon. Mag. (2) 5 : 238-243, 270-272.
1898. Some new species of Trichoptera belonging to the European Fauna, with notes on
others. Ibid. (2) 9: 46-52.
Morton, K. J. 1893. Notes on Hydroptilidae belonging to the European Fauna, with descrip-
tions of new species. Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 75-82.
1896. Hydroptilidae collected in Algeria by the Rev. A. E. Eaton. Ent. mon. Mag. (2)
7: 102-104.
1898. Two new Hydroptilidae from Scotland and Algeria respectively. Ibid. (2) 9:
107-109.
MoseEty, M. E. 1939. The Indian Caddis Flies (Trichoptera) Part 7. J. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. 41 : 332-339.
1948. The genitalia of Ecnomus deceptor McL. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 17 : 103-104.
MosEty, M. E. & Kimmins, D. E. 1953. The Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand,
British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London. 550 pp.

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS

DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN
(EPHEMEROPTERA, FAM. TRICORYTHIDA)

D. E. KIMMINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 5
LONDON: 1957

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS
DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN
(EPHEMEROPTERA, FAM. TRICORYTHID4)

BY

D. E. KIMMINS

Pp. 127-136 ; 8 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 5
LONDON : 1957

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted im 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical series.

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 6, No. 5 of the Entomological
sertes.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued December, 1957 Price Four Shillings

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS
DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN

(EPHEMEROPTERA, FAM. TRICORYTHIDA)

By D. E. KIMMINS
Dept. of Entomology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.)

EarLy in 1954, Dr. G. Demoulin published a preliminary account of an extraordinary
nymphal Ephemeropteron, under the name Dicercomyzon femorale. His specimens
were from the Belgian Congo. When I received his paper, I already had in manu-
script a description of a similar nymph from Nyasaland, which was subsequently
published (Kimmins, 1955) as Dicercomyzon sp. The publication of these two
papers attracted interest in these forms, and I have since received from Dr. M. T.
Gillies examples of two more species from Tanganyika Territory and have found
examples of the genus in collections made by Professor L. Berner in the Gold Coast.
Dr. Demoulin has suggested that Caenis ? sjoestedtt Ulmer from Kilimanjaro should
be transferred to Dicercomyzon and Dr. Philip Corbet has informed me that he has
seen examples of the nymphs in Uganda. The genus appears therefore to be fairly
widespread in Equatorial Africa.

Dr. Demoulin had only a partly-transformed female subimago in addition to his
nymphs upon which to base his generic diagnosis, so that the material which I have
received from Professor Berner and Dr. Gillies represents a considerable advance
in our knowledge of the genus. I should like to take this opportunity of thanking
them both most sincerely for providing me with this material. I should also like
to thank Dr. Demoulin for his kindness in answering a number of queries which I
submitted to him and for sending me photocopies of more detailed drawings of
D. femorale from a paper he had in manuscript.

To Demoulin’s diagnosis of the genus (1954, 1954@) one can add that the eyes of
the male are large, globular, set laterally on the head, with a diameter greater than
the length of the head. The male forceps are two-segmented, terminal segment
longer and narrower than the basal, set fairly wide apart on the forceps-base.
Penis-lobes fused, stout, tapering or barrel-shaped in ventral view. Titillators
acute, about as long as basal segment of forceps, extending beyond apex of
penis-lobes.

Dicercomyzon femorale Demoulin

I have seen nymphs which I refer to this species from the following Gold Coast
localities :
Afram R., Mankrong, 13.1x.1950, (7) ; Koloe Stream, 18. viii. 1950, (4) ; Asuboni
Stream, Asuboni, 14.ix.1950, (1) ; Animi Stream, Bepong, 12.ix.1950, (I).
ENTOM. 6, 5. 6§

130 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN

Dicercomyzon costale sp. n.

(Text-figs. 1, 3)

Dicercomyzon sp., nymphs, Kimmins, 1955, Aun. Mag. n. H., (12) 8 : 876-878.

GoLp Coast. Afram R., Mankrong, 13.1x.1950, 205 g, 89 9, 14.ix.1950, 18 4,
5 9 (Lewis Berner).

TANGANYIKA TERRITORY. Amani, 3,000 ft., 31.iii.1956, 1 g and nymph-skin ;
Amani, R. Dodwe, 20. vi.1953, I 2 and nymph-skin ; Gonja, 8. vii.1952, 3 nymphs,
X.1952, 3 nymphs, 23.x.1952, I 9 (M. T. Gillies).

NYASALAND. Namwere, II.viii.1952, 4 nymphs (Lewis Berner).

t Imm. '

PORT ITT aT WY PELAESE
< EE EEE EREEEEEL EEE
Wie tor dou medal U Leds bpebianna pan prapensannorensteAten ADAIR WY LLL gy >

LLY yy

Wy Wy ”
LL

Figs. 1-2. Wings of (1), Dicercomyzon costale sp. n. and (2), D. marginatum sp. n.

The Gold Coast material consists largely of subimagines, many partly transformed
to imagines, and some imagines.

3 IMAGO (in alcohol). Head fuscous, short and broad, eyes large and globular,
set laterally, diameter of eye greater than length of head. Antennae ochraceous.
Pronotum fuscous, short, about as wide as head without eyes, posterior margin with
a wide, rounded, median excision. Meso- and metanota shining fuscous. Legs
ochraceous, apices of femora with three fine black lines, one dorsal, one ventral and
one transverse, apical. Fore leg a little shorter than either mid or hind leg (96 : 117 :
123). Claws dissimilar, one hooked, the other large and blunt. Wing hyaline,
venation pale fuscous to whitish, costal and subcostal areas warm brownish. Re-
current membrane of wing not projecting beyond apex of mesoscutellum. Venation

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN 131

as in Text-fig. 1. Abdomen fuscous, tergites II-VIII each with a pair of median,
hyaline spots at the base, sternites slightly paler. Cerci white, shaded with pale
fuscous at base. Forceps-base pale fuscous, forceps white.

g@ GENITALIA. Forceps-base with apical margin slightly excised at centre.
Forceps two-segmented, basal segment globularly swollen in basal two-thirds,
terminal segment about twice as long as basal, its apical two-thirds slightly dilated
and its surface finely reticulated and set with microscopic setae. Penis-lobes fused
to form a subquadrate plate, a little shorter than the basal segment of forceps.
From beneath, the sides are slightly convex and the apex is roundly bilobed. On
either side of the penis-lobes is a large, acute titillator, about twice as long as the
penis-lobes.

g$ SUBIMAGO (in alcohol). Coloration of body much as in imago. Wings slightly
smoky, with brownish costal margin as in imago. A short recurrent membrane
extending beyond apex of mesoscutellum.

Q IMAGO (emerging from subimaginal skin, in alcohol). Head fuscous, short,
broad, eyes globular, smaller than in male. Thorax light reddish brown. Legs
ochraceous, with blackish markings as in male. Wings with costal border paler.

Q SUBIMAGO (in alcohol). Darker than imago, wings as in male subimago with
rather longer recurrent membrane. Subgenital plate parabolically rounded.

Length of wing, 3, 4-6 mm.

Dr. M. T. Gillies has sent me the following descriptions of the living insect, made
from Tanganyika specimens. Mate 1maGo. “ Thorax buff, fore legs yellow,
other legs pale grey, with a minute, reddish brown spot at femoral tip. Abdominal
tergites I-VIII white centrally, posterior margin narrowly mauve, broadening out
laterally, IX—X sooty brown; sternites white; basal forceps segment yellow,
distal segment white. Tails very long, yellow at base, white distally. Body,
45 mm.; wing, 5 mm.; tails 14-15 mm.”’ FEMALE IMAGO. “ Thorax and abdo-
men chestnut-brown, fore legs brown in distal half, pale basally, mid and hind legs
with a brown knee spot.” MALE suBIMAGO. “ Wings and body sooty grey, tails
translucent white, yellowish at base, fore legs pale yellow, others pale grey.”

$ holotype (imago), 2 allotype (subimago), Mankrong, 13.ix.1950, in British
Museum (Nat. Hist.), paratypes in Brit. Mus. (N.H.) and University of Florida.
The nymphs from Tanganyika Territory agree reasonably well with those described
by me as Dicercomyzon sp. from Nyasaland. The Tanganyika nymphs appear to
have single-segmented maxillary palpi, whereas those from Nyasaland are two-
segmented. However, the maxillary palpi in this genus are so much reduced in
size as to be probably non-functional and I therefore do not attach any great
importance to this difference. Nymphs from both localities have the abdominal
tergites slightly elevated along the median dorsal line, a character shared with D.
femorale. The imagines from the Gold Coast are slightly smaller than those from
Tanganyika but there appears to be no difference in the male genitalia. These
facts have led me to associate the Nyasaland nymphs with costale rather than with
some nymphs with narrower femora from Koloe Stream, Gold Coast, which appear
to belong to the following species (D. marginatum). Both nymphs show a darkening
of the costal border of the wing-pads.

132 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN

The 2 subimago may be separated from that of D. femorale Demoulin by the dark
band along the costal margin of the wing. The nymphs resemble those of femorale
but differ in the processes of the wing-pads, which project over the margin and in
the more rounded basal angles of the labium.

Dicercomyzon marginatum sp. n.

TANGANYIKA TERRITORY. E. Usambara Mts., Amani, Sigi R., 31.viii.195r1,
Vil. 1952, Xii. 1952, 1.1953, Vil. 1953, I ¢ imago, 1 g, 2 2 subim., 4 nymphs ; Amani,
Forest stream, 2,900 ft., 26.vi.1953, 2 2; Amani Forest, Lion stream, vil.1951,

Fics. 3-4. ¢ genitalia, ventral of (3), Dicercomyzon costale sp. n. and (4), D. marginatum sp. n.

1 2; Amani, Kisuga Stream, 900 ft., 2,800 ft., 5.vi.1951, 2 nymphs; Gonja,
26.x.1954, vili.1955, I dg, I 3 subim.; tiny stream by Monga-Denena Rd.,
I7.Viii.1952, I nymph; S. Pare, Sassaneh R., 5,000 ft., 21.v.1955, 3 nymphs ;
Kilimanjaro, Marangu, 25.x.1954, 4 nymphs; Arusha, under stone, 1.i.1956,
I nymph, all collected by M. T. Gillies.

GoLp Coast. Koloe Stream, 1 8.viii.1950, 4 nymphs (Lewis Berner).

3 IMAGO (in 2% formaldehyde solution). Head pale fuscous, marked with darker
fuscous at antennal bases and between ocelli. Antennae whitish. Eyes greyish
lavender. Prothorax fuscous. Meso- and metathorax ochraceous with paler
markings. Legs pale ochraceous, tinged with fuscous at knees. Fore leg slightly
shorter than hind leg. Wing hyaline, venation fuscous, paler in anal area ; costal
area, base and apex of subcostal area and apical margin of wing more or less brownish,

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN _ 133

cross-veins margined with brown. Abdomen above with segments I-VIII whitish
or faintly tinged with pinkish, IX pale fuscous, X darker, II-VIII with the outer
apical angles filled with a roughly triangular, pale brownish patch, not reaching the
anterior border and enclosing a whitish spot around the spiracles on II-VI. Abdo-
men beneath whitish, faintly fuscous laterally. Forceps-base and forceps whitish,
cerci whitish at base, soon becoming pale fuscous.

O-lmm. _ A,B,D,F, H,I-

O:lmm. CEG;

Peyildaed

Fic. 5. Dicercomyzon marginatum sp. n. Nymphal mouthparts. (A), labrum ; (B, c), right
mandible, ventral; (p, E), left mandible, ventral; (F), right maxilla, ventral; (G), maxillary
palp; (H), hypopharynx ; (1), labium.

$ GENITALIA similar in structure to D. costale. The joint between basal and
terminal segments of forceps obscurely indicated. The basal segment is dilated
on its inner surface, nearer the apex than in D. costale, slightly longer. Penis-lobes
fused, tapering towards the excised apex ; titillators acute, about as long as basal
segment of forceps.

d SUBIMAGO. General colour pale fuscous, with piceous thorax. Eyes grey-
black. Ocelli margined with blackish. Thorax with very pale fuscous, membrane
between the sclerites. Wing smoky brownish, very slightly darker along costal
margin, venation pale fuscous, cross-veins in centre of wing bordered with purplish

134 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN

brown. Legs with femora pale fuscous, dorsal and ventral margins darker, tibiae
and tarsi very pale fuscous. Abdomen above fuscous, with pale sutures, beneath
paler. Forceps pale fuscous.

2 iMAGO. Coloration of wings much as in male but with brownish suffusion of
apical margin lacking. Abdomen pale fuscous, with a reddish suffusion above.

MATURE NYMPH. General colour tawny yellow, faintly shaded with fuscous.
Eyes black, ocelli margined internally with blackish. Wing-pads containing dark,
crumpled wings. Mouthparts somewhat resembling those of D. femorale. The
maxillary palp is one-segmented. The apical margin of the labium is more rounded

6
~
Imm, , ; |
ee eee donee
7

Fics. 6-7. Dicercomyzon marginatum sp. n., nymph. (6), mid femur, with dorsal and ventral
armature, more enlarged ; (7), apex of wing-pads.

than in D. femorale, with rounded apical angles. The armature of the ventral surface
differs, the median group of teeth being replaced by a transverse row. Wing-pads
reaching apex of fourth abdominal segment, inner apical margin of each carrying a
short, raised, longitudinal ridge, not extending beyond the margin. Femora thin,
flattened, elongate-oval, narrower than in D. costale, margins finely setose, dorsal
also with sparse, longer setae. Abdomen with fringed gills on segments II-VI,
which are narrower and pointed. Apical margins of tergites with blunt setae,
forming a dense patch on each side of a bare median line, elsewhere sparse. Cerci
yellowish.

IMMATURE NYMPH paler, wing-pads with costal margin of included wing shaded
with pale purplish, darker at base and apex.

Length of wing, 3, 5 mm.

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN _ 135

3 holotype (Sigi R., 2. vii. 1953) in 2% formaldehyde solution, one wing mounted
dry, and paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The male differs from D.
costale in the more extensive brownish suffusion of the wing, which has margined
cross-veins, and in the differently formed genitalia.

With an earlier consignment of Dicercomyzon material, Dr. Gillies sent the following
note on the habits of the nymphs.

““ Nymphs of this genus are very common in streams in the forested areas of the
eastern Usambara mountains. They harbour almost exclusively on the underside
of fallen leaves held up in the current by twigs and branches or wedged between
small rocks. They are found in tiny forest trickles at Amani, 3,000 feet, in water
less than an inch deep and in the main Sigi River at all levels down to 700 feet,
which is the lower border of the forest. Leaves are seldom held up anywhere except

~)
gor ¥ SOVVy
» >
so Ir so Ir
ee) cg
eae mat >
a?.
\
vy / ss
ie >
sa wv = Vv
-

aN)
so vv
Ss
>
=>

> wu
=

8 Sprocnny

Fic. 8. Dicercomyzon marginatum sp. n. nymph. Outlines of gills of abdominal segments
II-VI, filaments omitted.

near the surface and only where there are obstructions that cause turbulence and
eddy formation. Consequently by their choice of habitat the nymphs live under
conditions of maximum aeration and, in contrast to Prosopistoma—another lotic
form—die very rapidly in still water. For this reason their safe transport to the
laboratory for rearing presented considerable difficulties and more than a year
elapsed before the first adult was successfully bred out.”

Professor Lewis Berner has sent me the following details of the Afram River, at
Mankrong, where he took D. costale abundantly.

“River flows over boulders and rock outcrops, forming a small cascade, not
impressive but nice. River about 100 to 150 feet wide, rather shallow at the rocks,
but deeper above and below. Banks heavily wooded. River shallow enough at
low water for trucks to drive across. I was told that the river was exceptionally
low for this time of year; it should be 8 to ro feet higher. Flow at the cascades

136 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN

is as rapid as the less swift sections of the Kpong rapids in the Volta River. Mayfly
nymphs were present but scattered. Fauna and conditions in the river reminiscent
of those of the Dayi River. There was little vegetation in the water. Water
relatively clear, banks of yellow, moderately coarse sand. Tsetse flies numerous.
Caught mayflies on porch of rest house which faces stream and is about 200 feet
from the river. Began to come about 6.45 p.m. on into evening. The small
blackish adults were very numerous after 8.30 p.m.”’

REFERENCES

DEMOULIN, G. 1954. Description préliminaire d’un type larvaire nouveau d’Ephéméroptéres
Tricorythidae du Congo Belge. Inst. roy. Sci. nat. Belg., Bull. 30(6): 1-4.

1954a. Recherches critiques sur les Ephéméroptéres Tricorythidae d’Afrique et d’Asie.
Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 90: 273-276. .

Kiommins, D. E. 1955. Ephemeroptera from Nyasaland, with descriptions of three new species
and some interesting nymphal forms. Ann. Mag. n. H. (12) 8: 876-878.

REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL
ACANTHOCININI
(COLEOPTERA : CERAMBYCIDAE)

Il. THE GENUS LAGOCHEIRUS

LAWRENCE 5S. DILLON

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 6
LONDON : 1957

REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL
ACANTHOCININI
(COLEOPTERA : CERAMBYCIDAE)

Il. THE GENUS LAGOCHEIRUS

BY

LAWRENCE S. DILLON

Kul -
Department of Biology, :
A. & M. College of Texas, College Station, Texas

Pp. 137-166

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 6
LONDON : 1957

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This paper is Vol. 6, No. 6 of the Entomological
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REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL
ACANTHOCININI
(COLEOPTERA : CERAMBYCIDAE)

I. THE GENUS LAGOCHEIRUS

By LAWRENCE S. DILLON

Amonc the most primitive Western Hemisphere members of the tribe Acanthocinini
is the genus Lagocheirus, whose components are confined chiefly to Central America
and the extreme north-western portion of South America. Only one or two species
are known from north of Mexico, where they occur as distinct subspecies of Mexican
forms ; in the West Indies, the situation is quite similar, but showing the influence
of both Mexico and South America. In addition, one member of the genus is
widely distributed throughout the South Pacific, its range extending as far north as
the Hawaiian Islands. While this latter species is actually, of course, not “ Neo-
tropical ”’ in any sense of the word, its close relationship to those which are found in
this region dictates its inclusion here.

Primitive features of the genus include, first of all, the median position of the
lateral pronotal tubercles. Others equally indicative of primitiveness are the
complexity of the pronotal and elytral sculpturing, the breadth of the mesosternal
and prosternal process, the loose association of the body parts, the coarseness of the
body structure, the armature of the sixth antennal segment, the broad front, and the
declivous vertex. To Lagocheirus, the geneta of the Leptostylus-Leptostylopsis
complex are most closely related, being differentiated by the lack of an appendix
on the antenna, by the less prominent sculpturing of the pronotal disk, and, in the.
_ case of Leptostylus, by the more posteriorly-placed lateral tubercles.

Materials for this study have been received largely from the British Museum
(Natural History) [BM], through the courtesy of J. Balfour-Browne. To supple-
ment these, specimens were loaned to the author from the American Museum of
Natural History [AMNH], the United States National Museum [USNM], Chicago
Natural History Museum [CMNH], Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
[ANSP], Cornell University [CU], and the California Academy of Sciences [CAS].
The author wishes to express his appreciation to the gentleman named above and to
the curators of the other collections (Mont Cazier, George Vogt, Rupert Wenzel,
Harold J. Grant, Jr., Henry Dietrich, and Hugh B. Leech for their courtesy in arrang-
ing the loans for him. Especially thanks are extended to Ing. F. de Zayas, of
Havana, Cuba, for his generous gift of Cuban specimens.

ENTOM. 6, 6. 7

1440 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

DESCRIPTIVE PHRASEOLOGY

In order to avoid needless repetition, the following terms (italicized) will be
employed for characteristics that are found in all or most of the species :

On the pronotum are several short fuscous vittae: of these one set (basal vittae)
is found each side of the middle at base, extending forward to about the basal third
from the margin and usually angulate, and another set (apical vittae) is directly
opposite these near the apical margin and placed more or less strongly obliquely.
Additional fuscous or coloured vittae may also be present.

On the elytra may be present a varying number of the following fuscous or dark
brown markings: scutellar maculae are often found laterally near the apex of the
scutellum. At about the basal fourth extending transversely across the suture is a
rather narrow postbasal plaga. The largest marking on these organs is the Jateral
macula which covers the better portion of the base of the sides and which before
middle extends to a greater or lesser degree on to the disk. Just behind this but
close to the suture may be an irregular sutural macula, which may be joined by a
usually indistinct, undulating postmedian fascia. At the apical fourth the latter is
paralleled by a similar (but rather more distinct) preapical fascia.

On the antennal segments the annulation is in terms of pale pubescence markings,
although actually the only true annuli present are the dark ones toward the apices
of the segments. However, not only does this practice follow that of earlier workers,
it is quite a bit more convenient than its converse would be. In most species, the
males bear an appendix at the apex of the sixth segment which is of some considerable
constancy for any specified form, at least within certain limits. In statements as
to the length of the appendix, the tuft of hairs upon it is not taken into consideration.

Kry TO GENERA RELATED TO Lagocheirus

1. Head with vertex strongly declivous ; antennal scape short, scarcely reaching behind
middle of pronotum, not gradually clavate ; ’ ‘ ‘ ; ‘
Head with vertex only slightly declivous ; scape elongate, extending nearly or quite

to basal sulcus of pronotum, slender, gradually clavate from base to apex
Lagocheirus Erichson
2. Prosternum with a transverse cariniform process at middle . . Sternocheirus gen. n.
Prosternum simple... ; 4 : ; ‘ ‘ . Archlagocheirus gen. n.

Lagochetrus Erichson

Lagocheivus Erichson, 1847, Archiv. Naturg. 13, 1: 144. Thomson, 1860, Class. Cevamb. : 6, 9 ;
1864, Syst. Ceramb. : 355. Lacordaire, 1872, Gen. Col. 9: 759, 762. Leng & Hamilton, 1896,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 23: 115. Dillon, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 69 : 136.

Lagochirus Erichson, 1873, LeConte, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 11 (265) : 337. Horn, 1880, Tvans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. 8: 117. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 144. Casey, 1913, Mem. Col. 4:
303.

Large or very large, robust, subdepressed beetles with head usually punctate only
around eye; front ranging from one-tenth to one-half again as broad as tall; eye

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 141

with lower lobe subquadrate, erect or transverse. Pronotum strongly transverse,
often twice as broad across lateral tubercles as long ; lateral tubercles usually robust,
prominent, sometimes small, rounded, always situated at middle of sides; disk
punctate, with five prominent tubercles ; transverse sulci shallow, the apical one
placed close to margin. Scutellum subtriangular, truncate or rounded at apex.
Elytra with basal gibbosity quite evident; disk distinctly punctate, usually
granulate at base, costae not prominent, as a rule bearing numerous tufted tubercles
especially basally and apically, one or two basal ones on gibbosity much larger than
the rest; apices broadly truncate, the angles sometimes subdentate; humeri
prominent. Prosternal process two-fifths or one-half as broad as a procoxal cavity,
longitudinally concave, simple ; mesosternal process ranging from four-fifths as
broad to slightly broader than a mesocoxal cavity, sometimes bituberculate
anteriorly ; fifth sternite as long as or slightly longer than fourth in male, distinctly
longer in female. Legs successively longer posteriorly ; femora robust, clavate
apically, pedunculate basally ; tarsi with first segment slightly shorter than next two
together, mesotarsi with first segment a little longer than the second and third
combined ; in male protarsi strongly expanded and fringed and protibiae densely
fringed apically as well. Antennae ranging from one and two-thirds to more than
twice as long as body, slender, fringed beneath only on first two segments and some-
times at extreme apex of third; scape slightly elongate, extending a little beyond
middle of pronotum, slender, gradually clavate apically ; third segment about one-
sixth longer than first ; fourth subequal to (or feebly longer than) first, rest gradually
shorter, the sixth usually bearing an appendix at apex in the male.
Type species : Lagocheirus plantaris Erichson, by monotypy.

KEY TO NEOTROPICAL SPECIES

1. Body beneath glabrous medially, the integument black or piceous, especially on
abdomen ; mesosternal process ey declivous anteriorly, its lateral beading
rugose : : (rogersi group) 9

Body beneath pubescent medially as well as laterally, the integument dark ferru-
gineous ; mesosternal process less strongly declivous anteriorly, its lateral beading

not at all rugose . , , (araneiformis group) 2
2. Antennal fourth segment biannulate with ashy . : . (undatus complex) 3
Antennal fourth segment either entirely ashy or broadly singly annulate with that
colour ; . (araneiformis complex) 8
3. Eye with upper lobe distinctly wider than interocular space 4
Eye with upper lobe at most subequal to interocular space in width : 5
4. Elytral apices strongly emarginate, the outer angle dentate; elytra behind base
with a dense white plaga_. ; ‘ wenzelt
Elytral apices at most feebly emarginate, ‘usually subtruncate, the outer angle not
at all dentate, disk without white plaga ; : : ; ' dezayast
5. Elytra covered with erect flying hairs ; Pacific Islands : ‘ : . Zimmermant
Elytra without erect flying hairs. . 6
6. Pronotum with punctures outlined with white, basal vitae long and distinct ;
scutellum with a distinct vitta each side : : undatus

Pronotal punctures not white outlined, basal vittae short, not extending far before
basal sulcus ; scutellum without vittae i ‘ ; : . ‘ : 7

142

Io.

a el

12.

23;

14.

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

Pronotum and elytra basally irregularly maculate with bright fulvous; elytra
with a patch of snowy-white pubescence se antennal sixth segment in

male without an appendix . ; : simplicicornis
Pronotum and elytra dull lead grey pubescent, " without fulvous ‘maculae or white
areas ; antennal sixth segment of male appendiculated . : ; procerus

Elytra with a broad, white, common fascia behind middle ; pronotum as coarsely
punctate on disk as at apex and base ; head and pronotum strongly maculate with
fulvous. . foveolatus

Elytra without a white, common fascia ; head and pronotum rarely maculate with
fulvous, the colour usually dull and not extensive when present ; pronotal disk

much more finely punctate than at apex or base. : : avaneiformis
Mesosternal process anteriorly with a pronounced tubercle each side ‘ ; ‘ be)
Mesosternal process not tuberculate : A II
Elytral surface nearly black, costae vittate with bright fulvous or ochraceous :

abdominal vitta broken into maculae on each sternite . ; vosaceus
Elytral surface bright ferruginous, costae not vittate ; abdominal vitta interrupted

only at base of first sternite. ; . praecellens
Tarsi with integument spp, out than that of tibia, usually having a gaiten

appearance . 12
Tarsi with integument as dark as or darker than that of tibia, never appearing

golden ; 13

Scutellum entirely blackish ; pronotal lateral tubercles more or less rounded, low,
usually at least twice as broad as high; elytral lateral macula sharply defined plantaris
Scutellum blackish medially, margins narrowly paler; pronotal lateral tubercles
conical, nearly as high as broad ; elytral lateral macula indistinct . . tuberculatus
Tarsi fuscous pubescent, only the first segment ashy-annulate ; elytra with basal
gibbosity strongly tumid, subhemispherical; body beneath with lateral pale
vitta broad, continuous from back of metasternum to apex of fourth abdominal
sternite, except for an interruption on base of first sternite . ; . cristulatus
Tarsi with at least the first two segments entirely ashy pubescent ; elytral basal
gibbosity not very prominent, usually only feebly elevated ; body beneath with
lateral pale vitta broken into a transverse macula on each sternite . 5 14
Scutellum broadly vittate with fuscous each side ; elytra with lateral macula very
irregular in outline, often incised posteriorly, basal sigisces a near suture extending
to or behind middle . : vogerst
Scutellum entirely fuscous except for basal angles and narrow pale margins ; ‘elytra
with lateral macula smooth in outline, rarely shallowly incised posteriorly, basal
granules not extending to middle : ; : , ; , : . integer

ARANEIFORMIS GROUP

In this group, the integument of the body beneath is reddish-brown, not glabrous
medially, and the prosternal and mesosternal processes are not rugose on the lateral
beading. The antennae are somewhat more elongate, with at least the sixth segment
attaining elytral apex in the male, and the seventh in the female.

THE UNDATUS COMPLEX

In this group of species, the tarsi are fuscous with at least the first two segments
ashy pubescent. The antennae are biannulate on the fourth segment and frequently
on the third to fifth or sixth as well.

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 143

Lagochetrus undatus undatus (Voet)

Cerambyx undatus Voet, 1778, Cat. Col. 2: 11, pl. 9, fig. 34; 1794, ed. Panzer, 3 : 27, pl. 9, fig. 24.
Lagocheirus obsoletus Thomson, 1860, Class Ceramb.: 10. (Syn. n.]

Lagochirus obsoletus Thomson. Bates, 1880, Biol Centr.-Amer., Col. 5: 145, 383.

Lagochirus longipennis Bates, idem.

Mate. Dark reddish-brown, densely covered dull ashy brown or fulvous pub-
escence. Head on vertex with two small interocular fuscous maculae. Pronotum
with apical vittae slender, sometimes sinuous, set at an angle of 45° to the median
line ; basal vittae twice as broad, somewhat narrowed anteriorly, broadly angulate ;
a short median basal vitta or macula also present as a rule, lateral basal markings
indistinct ; punctures and the vittae margined with whitish. Scutellum with two
fuscous vittae, sometimes poorly defined, extending to base from sides near apex ;
basal angles whitish. Elytra nearly uniformly dull brownish or ochraceous pubes-
cent, punctures, especially on apical half, narrowly outlined with whitish, postbasal
impression frequently tinged with ashy or sometimes nearly entirely pale ashy ;
postbasal plaga indistinct or wanting ; circumscutellar maculae and postmedian fascia
lacking, and preapical fascia reduced and indistinct ; lateral macula usually fairly pro-
minent, dark brown, as a rule accentuated with fuscous along its anterior margin and
on disk, posteriorly sinuous or irregular, usually followed by some whitish pubescence ;
sutural macula sublinear, feebly oblique, often reduced; costae often brighter
fulvous pubescent. Body beneath and legs densely dull whitish pubescent, faintly
mottled with brown; sternum tinged on sides with brown or fulvous; tibiae
bimaculate (metatibiae trimaculate) with dark brown on outer edge. Antennae
with first segment, and often most of third, ashy and brown pubescent, scape
indistinctly fuscous annulate apically ; rest fuscous pubescent, fourth to sixth (or
rarely seventh) biannulate with ashy, as is the third occasionally ; seventh to eleventh
with a single ashy annulus which (from above) is no broader than apical fuscous
portion.

Head scarcely impressed between eyes ; front finely, rather densely, quite evidently
punctate, broadly convex, one-third wider than high, near eye with several coarse
setigerous punctures ; eye with lower lobe one-third again as tall as gena, distinctly
higher than wide. Pronotum with disk transversely tumid, the five tubercles
equally elevated, finely punctate except on tubercles, the apical and basal rows
distinctly coarser. Elytra finely, usually densely granulate-punctate from extreme
base to basal third, thence punctures simple, fine, and less dense to apex ; apices
truncate or emarginate, the angles scarcely prominent; discal carina entire or
confined to apical half, bearing 10-12 very low tufts; rest of surface very rarely
provided with long, flying hairs (in only two cases, both from Jalapa) ; basal
gibbosity scarcely evident, provided with a single large tubercle at base. Antennae
with sixth segment attaining (or slightly surpassing) elytral apex ; scape attaining
basal third of pronotum ; third segment one-fourth again as long as first ; fourth
one-fifth shorter than third ; rest strongly diminishing in length, sixth segment with
appendix slender, elongate, at least equal in length to width of segment, subparallel-
sided, often expanded apically. Protibiae densely fuscous-fringed.

1444 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

FEMALE. Pronotal disk scarcely tumid, the tubercles of disk more sharply
elevated. Antennae with seventh segment attaining elytral apex. Protibiae and
protarsi not fringed.

Length 15-21 mm. ; width 6-8-7 mm.

Type localities: ‘‘ Indiis Orientalibus’’ [wndatus]; Mexico [obsoletus]; R.
Sarston, British Honduras [longipennis].

DISTRIBUTION. From North Central Mexico to Nicaragua.

Mexico: 1, no further data [CAS]. 1, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, July 7 [CAS]. 3,
Venedio, Sin., July-Aug. [CAS; USNM]. 2, Tamazunchale, $.L.P. [CMNH]. 1,
Ocotlan, Jalisco, Aug. [CAS]. 3, Colonia, Guerrero, Nov. 16 [CAS]. 1, Chilpan-
cingo, Guerrero [BM]. 3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Oct. [CAS]. 1, Tepotzlan, Morelos
[CMNH]. 1, Colima, Nov. 24 [AMNH]. 1, Tehuacan, Puebla, July 6 [CMNH].
2, Jalapa, Vera Cruz [BM]. 1, Oaxaco, July 24, 5,000 ft. [CAS]. 1, Almalonga
[BM].

Guatemala : 1, El Naranjo, Chic., July 12, on Cinchona[USNM]. 1, San Geronimo
[BM].

Honduras: 1, Zamorana, Morazan, 2,600 ft. on papaya, July 16 [USNM].

Nicaragua: 1, Chontales [BM].

Lagocheirus undatus mariorum Dillon, ssp. n.

FEMALE. Differing from the type form only as follows: Pubescence of body
above and below longer and coarser, causing a shaggy appearance. Eyes with upper
lobes distinctly wider than interocular space. Pronotum with lateral tubercle
more obtuse, rounded at apex and without a process ; discal tubercle less prominent ;
basal vittae of nearly uniform width throughout. Scutellum with black vittae
attaining apex, not attaining base. Elytra with tufts more numerous and longer ;
apices distinctly obliquely truncate. Prosternal process less than half as broad as
procoxal cavity, while in the typical form it is more than half. Body beneath with
mottling somewhat more pronounced, especially medially. Antennae with only
the fourth and fifth segments biannulate.

Length 12:5-14 mm. ; width 5-5°2 mm.

Holotype: Female; Maria Madre Island, Tres Marios Islands, Mexico, May 21,
1923 (H. H. Keifer) [CAS].

Paratype: Female ; same data as holotype [CAS].

Lagocheirus dezayasi Dillon, sp. n.
Lagocheirus obsoletus Thomson. Gahan, 1895, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 130 [misdet.].

MALE. Resembles obsoletus very closely, differing only in the following details.
Pronotum with apical vittae obsolete or wanting; punctures not outlined with
white. Scutellum without distinct vittae but broadly and vaguely tinged with
dark brown on each side. Elytral pubescence largely pale ashy, so that the whitish
margin of the apical punctures scarcely contrasts with it ; postbasal plaga usually
wanting ; lateral macula often so pale as to be hardly evident. Body beneath

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 145

strongly mottled with dark brown, sometimes the latter colour predominating over
the pale ashy.

Eye with upper lobe one-fourth to one-half again as broad as interocular space.
Pronotal disk with punctures sparser, usually wanting between the several basal
tubercles. Elytral apices never emarginate, the angles not at all prominent.
Antennal sixth segment with appendix usually shorter than width of segment,
rarely slightly exceeding it.

FEMALE. Differs in much the same manner as does the male.

Length 13-18 mm. ; width 6-7-5 mm.

Holotype: Male; environs of Havana, Cuba, on Cassava, Manihot esculenta,
(F. de Zayas) [author’s collection].

Allotype: Female ; Cayamas, Cuba, May 1922 [ANSP].

Paratypes: 4, Cuba [BM]. 1, Havana (T. Cockerell) [AMNH].

Lagocheirus zimmermant zimmermani Dillon
Lagocheirus zimmermani Dillon, 1952, Ent. News, 63 : 207.

MALE. Identical to obsoletus obsoletus except as follows: Pubescence of body
above in general distinctly brown or fulvous, not ashy ; across basal half of pronotum
and on entire elytron with numerous, long, erect, pale brown hairs. Pronotal disk
less strongly tumid, the discal tubercles more distinctly elevated ; disk with punc-
tures quite numerous between the basal tubercles. Scutellar vittae poorly defined.
Elytra with two or three strongly pronounced carinae at base; the apical carinae
likewise more prominent ; basal tubercle much larger; tufts longer and more
densely situated. Antennae with scape not fuscous annulate at apex; third seg-
ment never distinctly biannulate ; fourth and fifth distinctly, sixth usually not at
all but rarely indistinctly, biannulate ; sixth segment with appendix usually quite
small, never much longer than width of segment, slender.

FEMALE. Differing from females of O. obsoletus in much the same fashion as do
the corresponding males. ;

Length 11-14 mm. ; width 5-6-2 mm.

Type locality : Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.

DIsTRIBUTION. The Hawaiian and Society Islands.

Hawaii: 2, no further data [BM]. 8, Honolulu [CAS]. 1, Kahaluu, Oahu,
July 7 [CAS]. 2, Napoopoo [ANSP].

Tahiti: 1, Fontana Valley, 2,500 ft., Mar. 13 [BM].

Moorea: 1, no further data [BM].

REMARKS. The two Society Island specimens above are slightly paler in colour
than typical examples.

Lagocheirus zimmermani aukena Dillon, ssp. n.

Mate. From the typical form, this is distinguished by the apical vittae of the
pronotum being absent or obsolete and by the presence on the middle portion of the
ENTOM. 6, 6. 78

1440 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

elytron of a considerable amount of whitish pubescence. The lateral macula of the
elytra also is paler.

Length 18 mm. ; width 7-6 mm.

Holotype: Male; Aukena Is., Mangareva Islands, June 26, 1934, on breadfruit
[BM].

Lagocheirus wenzeli Dillon, sp. n.

MALE. In general similar to obsoletus, differing chiefly as follows: Pronotum,
scutellum, and elytra on basal fifth chocolate-brown pubescent. Pronotum with
three fine, short vittae (one at centre and one above lateral tubercle), and a number
of small, irregular, scattered maculae of ochraceous ; apical vittae anteriorly recurved
toward sides, narrower posteriorly ; basal vittae rather broad, straight, only attain-
ing base of discal tubercles. Scutellum without fuscous markings. Elytra with
postbasal plaga vague, followed nearly to middle by a transverse area of dense
white tomentum, which is tinted here and there with ochraceous; the white also
outlining the lateral macula and forming rounded maculae over entire apical half
of elytron; sutural macula indistinct; the usual tufts are replaced by small,
irregular, fuscous maculae, some of which also are arranged transversely in the
customary position of the preapical fascia. All three pairs of tibiae with a broad
whitish annulus before middle. Antennae with only third and fourth segment
biannulate.

Head with front nearly planate, one-fourth again as wide as high ; eye with lower
lobe quadrate, about one-third again as tall as gena, upper lobe nearly one-half
again as wide as interocular space. Pronotum with median discal tubercle quite
small, scarcely a fifth as large as the others. Elytra with basal gibbosity and all
carinae feebly elevated; basal tubercle quite large, prominent ; apices broadly,
transversely emarginate, the outer angle briefly dentate. Prosternal process three-
eighths as broad as a procoxal cavity, deeply sulcate, especially anteriorly. Anten-
nae with fifth segment attaining elytral apex ; third segment nearly half again as
long as first ; fourth feebly shorter than third ; rest gradually diminishing in length ;
sixth segment with appendix much longer than width of segment, tapering apically.

Length 25 mm. ; width 10 mm.

Holotype: Male; near Compostela, Nayarit, Mexico, June 29, 1933 [CMNH].

REMARKS. It isa pleasure to name this species for Rupert Wenzel, of the Chicago
Museum of Natural History, from whom the author has received many favours.

The species is distinguished by the narrowly separated eye, the dentate elytral
apex, the quadrate lower ocular lobe, as well as by the maculation of the pronotum
and elytra. Particularly, the presence of fuscous maculae in place of tufts on the
elytral carinae is diagnostic.

Lagochetrus procerus (Casey)

Lagochirus procerus Casey, 1913, Mem. Col. 4 : 304.
Lagocheirus procerus Casey. Dillon, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 40 : 140, fig. 3.

Mate. Much larger than obsoleius but in general quite similar to that species.
From it, procerus is distinct in having the pubescence of the body above largely

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 147

whitish, tinged irregularly with brown. Pronotum with punctures not outlined
with whitish, apical vittae fine, rather short, set at an angle of about 60°; basal
vittae fine, short, extending just to base of discal tubercles; median and lateral
vittae wanting. Scutellum without vittae or other markings. Elytra with post-
basal plaga indistinct, broadly interrupted at suture, its segments arcuate ; sutural
macula sometimes evident, narrow, arcuate; postmedian fascia always absent ;
preapical fascia pronounced, narrow, strongly angulate; area behind this fascia
usually darker brown pubescent; punctures only occasionally outlined with
whitish. Body beneath whitish pubescent, only moderately mottled with brown
laterally. Legs rather heavily mottled with dark brown. Antennae with only
fourth and fifth segments biannulated.

Head on vertex between eyes distinctly impressed ; eye with lower lobe slightly
transverse, scarcely exceeding gena in height, upper lobe not quite so wide as
interocular space. Pronotum much more strongly transverse ; disk not so tumid,
the discal tubercles much more prominent. Elytra with carinae scarcely evident,
tufts short, widely spaced ; basal gibbosity rather prominent, basal tubercle fairly
large. Prosternal process deeply sulcate, not more than two-fifths so broad as a
procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process more strongly angulated on sides at apex.
Antennae with fifth segment attaining elytral apex ; third segment one-half again
as long as first ; fourth equal to third; fifth slightly shorter than fourth; sixth
equal to scape, appendix very short, tuberculiform.

FEMALE. Antennae with sixth segment attaining elytral apex.

Length 19-28 mm. ; width 7-5-11-5 mm.

Type locality : “‘ Probably from Lower California ”’.

DISTRIBUTION. Southern and Lower California.

Lower California: 18, Santa Rosa [CAS]. 8, 3 mi. north of San Pedro, July 6,
1938 (Michelbacher & Ross) [CAS]. I, 20 mi. north of Comondu, July 23, 1938
Michelbacher & Ross) [CAS]. 2, Todos Santos, October 18, 1941 (Ross & Bohart)
[CAS]. 1, Coyote Cove, Conception Bay, July 24 [CAS].

Lagocheirus simplicicornts Bates

Lagocheirus simplicicornis Bates, 1872, Tvans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 210.
Lagochirus simplicicornis Bates. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 146, pl. 11, fig. 14.

Mate. Morphologically most closely related to procerus, but in coloration
similar to obsoletus, from which it differs as follows: Head on vertex and around
eyes, and pronotum on lateral and discal tubercles touched with silky ochraceous
pubescence. Pronotum with apical vittae indistinct, short, fine ; basal vittae fine,
not extending on to basal tubercles. Scutellum without vittae. Elytra with carinae
ochraceous, the entire middle portion of disk snowy-white ; postbasal plaga in-
distinct, straight, preapical fascia somewhat pronounced, the apical portion of disk
brownish; tufts low, few in number. Body beneath ashy-white, pubescent,
unmottled, laterally broadly tinged with ochraceous. Antennae with segments
3-6 biannulate, rest very broadly singly annulate with ashy.

148 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

Head with front rugosely punctate, deeply transversely impressed just above
epistoma ; eye with lower lobe slightly transverse, scarcely taller than gena, upper
lobe distinctly narrower than interocular space. Elytra with carinae strongly
prominent on apical half ; basal tubercle large, followed by a strong carina, the other
basal carinae weak; apices broadly, arcuately truncate. Prosternal process half
as wide as a procoxal cavity, deeply sulcate. Antennae with fifth segment attaining
elytral apex ; third segment one-third longer than the very elongate scape ; fourth
subequal to third; fifth and following gradually shorter ; sixth without a trace of
an appendix. |

Length 19 mm. ; width 8 mm.

Type locality : Chontales, Nicaragua.

DISTRIBUTION. The middle portion of Central America.

Costa Rica: 1, Candelaria Valley, 500-700 m., Dec. 28, 1923, on Bursera (F.
Nevermann) [USNM].

REMARKS. From procerus, to which it is very closely related, this species is
distinct in having the front rugosely punctate, in the ochraceous-tinted pronotum,
the arcuately truncate elytral apices, the prominent elytral carinae, and in the
unarmed sixth antennal segment.

THE ARANEIFORMIS COMPLEX

In this complex the third to sixth antennal segments are either unicolorous or
broadly singly annulate with ashy. On the elytra the postmedian and preapical
fasciae are usually quite distinct.

Lagochetrus araneiformis stroheckert Dillon
Lagocheirus stroheckeri Dillon, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 69 : 138, fig. 2.

Mate. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, densely covered with greyish-brown or
fulvous brown pubescence. Head, body beneath, legs, and antennal scape finely
mottled with dark brown. Head above and especially on front clouded with brown ;
on vertex between eyes with a pair of small, velvety black maculae, which are often
more or less coalescent. Pronotum on disk sometimes broadly clouded with
brownish ; apical vittae in the form of a single arc, usually twice interrupted
anteriorly, basal vittae strongly angulate, broad basally, narrowed anteriorly where
they are prolonged over apex of discal tubercles ; discal punctures very narrowly
annulate with white. Scutellum each side basally with a large, rounded, black
macula, the two together occupying most of basal half. Elytra broadly clouded
with brown across base; scutellar maculae distinct, outlining most of sides of
scutellum, and often apex as well ; on base a vague fuscous area continuing the basal
vittae of pronotum ; postbasal plaga rather distinct ; lateral macula prolonged a
little more strongly on to disk than in undatus, nearly uniformly dark brown through-
out, on side of disk behind humerus preceded by a whitish dot, posteriorly the discal
angle not sharply pronounced, rather broadly outlined behind by whitish pubescence
which is not arranged in a definite form ; sutural macula elongate, slightly oblique,
much more evident than the short postmedian fascia; preapical fascia visible

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 149

but not prominent, broad suturally, strongly narrowed laterally, the undulations
rounded ; behind scutellum along suture a whitish vitta extending to basal sixth ;
costae with rows of very unequal-sized black tufts, that of suture continuous nearly
to apex, the others broadly interrupted. Antennae uniformly ashy-brown pubescent
or indistinctly annulate.

Head finely sparsely punctate ; front about one-third again as wide as high ;
eye with lower lobe subquadrate, nearly one-half again as tall as gena. Pronotum
twice as wide across lateral tubercles as long; lateral tubercles broad, conical,
acute, armed with a short tooth at apex; disk not tumid, tubercles prominent,
subequal, before each lateral tubercle a small cariniform fold or tubercle, punctation
sparse and rather coarse. Elytra rather sparsely and moderately coarsely punctate
to behind basal fifth, the punctures thence simple and gradually finer to apical
third, apically punctures very shallow and sparse, nearly entirely disappearing before
apex; basal gibbosity broad, scarcely prominent, the basal tubercle rather pro-
nounced, as are the basal carinae; apices broadly, squarely truncate, marginal
angle prominent. Antennae two-thirds again as long as body; scape attaining
apical fourth of pronotum ; third segment one-sixth to one-fifth again as long as
first; fourth subequal to first; rest gradually shorter; sixth segment with a
rounded appendix at apex which is not so long as the thickness of segment.

FEMALE. Differs from the male only in the shorter antennae, which are nearly
one-half again as long as body, in the sixth antennal segment lacking a process, as
well as in the simple protarsi.

Length 13-24 mm. ; width 6-10 mm.

Type locality : Miami, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION. Southern Florida and Cuba.

Cuba: 4, no further data [BM; CMNH]. 4, Havana (F. de Zayas) [author’s
coll.]. 2, Holquin [BM].

REMARKS. This subspecies is especially characterized by the sparse, relatively
coarse punctation of the base of the elytra, and by the extent of the black maculation
on the scutellum. Other characters usually present are the postscutellar pale vitta
along the suture (often reduced in Cuban examples), the scutellar maculae of the
elytra nearly encircling the scutellum, the broad white outline of the postmedian
macula, and the obtusely angulated, strongly narrowed preapical elytral fascia.

The close relationship of the Cuban and Florida populations is another indication
that the tropical elements now present in southern Florida possibly were absent
during the Wisconsin Ice Age (see Dillon, Science, 123, 1956, pp. 167-176).

Lagocheirus aranetformis araneiformis (Linné)
Cerambyx avaneiformis Linné, 1767, Syst. Nat., ed. 12 : 625.

FEMALE. In this form, the punctation of the elytra is much finer and denser and
that of the pronotum finer, than in stroheckert. On the scutellum, the black macula-
tion is confined broadly to the basal angles. On the elytra the scutellar maculae
are greatly reduced and are to be found only adjacent to the apical angles of the
scutellum ; postscutellar whitish vitta absent (as it is in all the following subspecies) ;

150 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

lateral macula very finely and briefly margined with white posteriorly ; postmedian
fascia obsolete ; preapical fascia indistinct, obtusely angulated, uniformly narrow
throughout ; black tufts very fine, scarcely larger than the punctures. Antennae
with segments rather distinctly uniannulate ; forth segment sometimes biannulate.

Length 17:3 mm. ; width 8 mm.

Type locality : Jamaica.

DISTRIBUTION. Jamaica and Hispaniola.

Jamaica: 2, no further data [BM ; ANSP].

Dominican Republic: 1, Higueral, Feb. 1914 [ANSP]. 1, San Francisco Mts.,
Sept. 15 [ANSP].

REMARKS. The Hispaniola examples approach the Cuban and Puerto Rican
populations in having the elytral punctation notably coarser than topotypic
specimens.

Lagocheirus araneiformis guadeloupensis Dillon, ssp. n.

MALE. Scutellum nearly as in stroheckert, the basal maculae not quite so extensive.
Elytra finely punctate as in the nominotype, which it also resembles in the fine
black tufting ; scutellar maculae nearly as extensive as in stroheckeri ; disk broadly
pale (almost white) pubescent from behind base to apical third; lateral maculae
outlined rather broadly behind with a fairly wide, zigzag, white line ; postmedian
fascia indistinct ; preapical fascia very broad, acutely angulate at suture, lateral
angulation produced forward nearly as far as sutural. Antennae very broadly
uniannulate ; sixth segment with process quite long for the species, being nearly
equal to the width of the segment.

Length 17-18 mm. ; width 8-8-2 mm.

Holotype: Male; Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe [AMNH].

Allotype: Female, Guadeloupe [BM].

Paratypes: I, Puerto Rico [CAS]. 1, Mayaguez, P. R., May (E. G. Linsley)
[CAS]. 2, San Germain, P. R. [CAS].

REMARKS. The Puerto Rican examples are somewhat transitional toward the
nominotype, especially in the maculation on and around the scutellum. The pale
pubescence of the elytra is also not so pronounced and the preapical fascia is much
narrower.

Lagocheirus araneiformis insulorum Dillon, ssp. n.

Mate. As might be expected from the many isolated populations here grouped
under one name, this subspecies is poorly defined and rather heterogeneous.
Pronotum with apical vittae set at about a 45° angle with the median line, nearly
straight, usually not conjoined in a continuous arc. Scutellum typically entirely
clouded with fuscous, sometimes with basal angles more or less broadly maculate
with black. Elytra with scutellar maculae usually indistinct or wanting, sometimes
as in the nominotype; lateral maculae broadly margined behind with whitish
pubescent, which only occasionally produces a zigzag line ; disk largely with brown
pubescence, mixed with whitish in the postbasal impression; postmedian fascia
indistinct ; preapical fascia rather narrow, a little wider near suture, the lateral

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 151

undulation produced further cephalad than the sutural, which is vague anteriorly.
Antennae with segments moderately narrowly, very prominently uniannulate,
sixth segment with appendix broad, slightly shorter than width of segment.

Length 15-28 mm. ; width 6-11-5 mm.

Holotype: Male; St. Vincent Is. (H. H. Smith) [BM].

Allotype : Female ; Leeward side, St. Vincent Is. (H. H. Smith) [BM].

Paratypes: 1, Dominica [BM]. 2, Martinique [BM]. 2, St Vincent [BM]. 1,
Becquia Is. Grenadines [BM]. 1, Mustique Isl., Grenadines [BM]. 1, Costries,
St. Lucia [BM]. 3, Grenada [BM]. 3, Balthagar, Grenada [BM]. 1, Mount Gay
Est., Leeward side, Grenada [BM].

Lagocheirus araneiformis fulvescens Dillon, ssp. n.

MALE. The two mainland subspecies differ from the insular and Florida forms
markedly in having the postmedian dark fascia well developed, whereas the latter
usually have this band lacking or obsolete. In the present form, the pronotum as
well as the elytra are covered in large part with fulvous pubescence. Scutellum with
basal black markings narrow, sublinear, continuing the scutellar maculae of the
elytra to form a sort of vitta. Elytra basally rather coarsely and quite sparsely
punctate ; apical tufts large, nearly continuous forwards to base.

Length 15-20 mm. ; width 6:5-11-5 mm.

Holotype: Male; British Guiana, Jan. 18, 1912 (A. F. Porter) [CMNH].

Allotype: Female ; Duserre, French Guiana (G. Moberg) [USNM].

Paratypes: 3, Trinidad [BM]. 1, North Hills, Trinidad, Nov., 1916 [CMNH].
I, Scarborough, Tobago, May 18, 1914 [BM]. 1, Para, Brazil [ANSP]. 1, Limao,
Rio Surumu, Brazil, Sept. 1927 [AMNH]. 1, Demerara, British Guiana [CMNH].
2, British Guiana [BM]. 1, Mt. Duida, Venezuela [AMNH]. 1, Llanos de Cruz
Rubiera Guarico, Venez. [USNM]. 1, Selva de San Camilo [USNM]. 2, Caracas,
Venez. [ANSP]. 1, Amaya Cispata Bay, Colombia, June 3 [CAS]. 2, Colombia [CAS ;
USNM]. 1, Villa Vieja, Colombia, Apr. 11 [CAS]. 2, San Bernardo de Viento,
Colombia, Nov. 20 [CAS]. 2, Coyaima, Colima, Col. [CAS]. 1, Sabanilla, Col.
[USNM]. 8, Lake Sapatoza, Chiriguana, Col. [BM]. 1, Magdalene Valley, Col. [BM].
I, Rio Opon, Col. [AMNH]. 1, Aracataca, Col. Aug. 11 [ANSP]. 1, Minca, Col., July 31
[ANSP]. 1, Achinamiga, Peru [AMNH]. 4, Satipo, Peru[USNM ; AMNH; CAS].

Remarks. A few of the Colombian examples show some loss of the fulvous
coloration, but, as a whole, there is a rather marked line of demarcation drawn at
Panama between this and the following form.

Lagocheirus aranetformis ypsilon (Voet)
Cerambyx ypsilon Voet, 1778, Cat. Col. 2: 11, pl. 9, fig. 33 ; 1794, ed. Panzer, 3 : 26, pl. 9, fig. 33.
Lagocheirus parvulus Casey, 1913, Mem. Col. 4: 304. [Syn. n.].
Cerambyx avraneiformis auctorum.
Mate. From fulvescens this form is distinct only in having the elytra and
pronotum dull greyish-brown pubescent and in the elytra punctation being fine
and close-set,

152 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

Length 13-25 mm. ; width 6-12 mm.

Type locality : America septrionale [vpsilon] ; Nata, Panama [parvulus].

DISTRIBUTION. Panama to Northern Mexico.

Panama: 5, Chiriqui [ANSP; CAS; USNM]. 2, La Chorrera [BM; USNM].
1, Trinidad Riv., May 4[USNM]. 1, Bugaba[USNM]. 1, Cabima, May 17 [USNM].
1, Taboga Isl., Gulf of Panama, Sept 20 [BM].

Canal Zone: 1, Gamboa [CAS]. 2, Fort Clayton, June 8[CMNH]. 1, Paraiso,
Mar. 4[USNM]._ 1, Rio Chagres, June 12 [CMNH]. 9, Barro Colorado Isl. [CMNH ;
USNM; AMNH]. 1, Ciricito [CAS]. 1, Corazal [USNM].

Costa Rica: 1, Pacayas [ANSP]. 4, Reventazon [USNM]. 1, Bebeders [USNM].
I, San José, Nov. 5 [USNM]. 2, La Fuente, 1200 m. [CMNH]. 1, Cartago, June 9
[CAS].

Nicaragua: 1, La Libertad, Chontales [CAS]. 1, Managua [USNM].

Guatemala: 5, El Salto, Escuintala [CAS]. 1, Toconicapan [CAS]. 1, Vol. de
Atitlan (Champion) [BM]. 1, Torola [BM]. 1, Piedros Negros [USNM]. 1,
Capetillo, 5,000 ft. Aug. 21 [AMNH]. 3, Variedades, Sept. 1 [AMNH]. 2, San
Marcos, April [CAS].

Honduras: 3, San Pedro Sula [ANSP]. 1, La Ceiba, Nov. to [USNM].

British Honduras: 1, Cayo [BM]. 1, Punta Gorda [CAS].

Mexico: 8, Cordoba, V. C. [CAS]. 1, Palo Gacho, V. C. [USNM]. 3, Penuela,
V. C., July 15 [CMNH]. 1, Yanga, V.C.[(CMNH]. 1, Merida, Yucatan [BM]. 1,
Chichen Itza [CMNH]. 2, Almolonga [BM; USNM]. 1, Trece Aguas, on Cacao
[USNM]. 1, Cuernavaca, June [USNM]. 1, Tamazunchale, S. L. P., June 18
[CMNH]. 1, San Lorenze, V. C. [USNM]. 4, Chiapas, 800-1,000 m. [USNM].
1, Compostella, Nayarit, Oct. 1. [CAS].

REMARKS. From gvanulatus, described from Texas, this form is distinct in not
having the elytron so rugose. In that subspecies, the basal granules are subequal
in size to the punctures and the basal gibbosities are somewhat more prominent ;
moreover, the white margin of the lateral macula is very extensive, occupying much
of the lateral area of the elytra as far posteriorly as the preapical fascia.

Lagocheirus foveolatus Dillon, sp. n.

FEMALE. While resembling avaneiformis in many respects, this species is not very
closely related to that one. The present form may be distinguished by the elongate,
parallel sided, subdepressed body. The head, pronotal lateral and discal tubercles,
and much of elytra tinged with bright orange-fulvous. Pronotum with apical
vittae indistinct. Scutellum apparently entirely blackish. Elytra with scutellar
maculae wanting ; postbasal plaga light brown, velvety, becoming quite broad at
suture ; lateral macula light brown, poorly defined, followed posteriorly by a double,
white, transverse fascia extending from margin to suture, its anterior and posterior
components interconnected by three or four longitudinal white lines, the posterior
line accentuated by the preapical fuscous fascia; fuscous tufts nearly absent on
basal third, on remainder of surface large, rounded, outlined with white. Tarsi of
all legs with first two segments light orange-brown, covered with ashy pubescence.

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 153

Antennae uniannulate beginning with third segment, the annulus becoming quite
narrow on apical segments.

Head with front subplanate, about one-tenth wider than high; eye with lower
lobe obliquely transverse, as tall as gena, upper lobes one-third broader than
interocular space. Pronotal lateral tubercles moderate in size, with a prominent,
somewhat retrorse, obtuse tooth at apex. Elytra with basal gibbosity feebly
elevated, broad, carinae on entire disk obsolete ; apices broadly truncate, the angles
not at all prominent ; punctures very coarse, becoming subfoveolate laterally on
basal gibbosity. Prosternal process five-eighths as broad as a procoxal cavity,
scarcely impressed on posterior half, deeply so anteriorly. Antennae with sixth
segment slightly surpassing elytral apex ; third segment one-fourth again as long as
first ; fourth distinctly shorter than third ; rest strongly decreasing in length.

Length 32 mm.; width 12 mm.

Holotype: Female ; Chiriqui, Panama [USNM].

REMARKS. This species is distinct from all the other members of this group in
having the two basal segments of all tarsi pale ; however, the mesosternal process is
simple as in other related forms. Furthermore, the transverse white fascia, and the
coarse punctures of the elytra are distinctive ; the latter become small foveae on
the posterior portion of the basal gibbosity, especially laterally.

ROGERSI GROUP

In this group the integument of the body beneath is black or virtually so, medially
glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, the pubescence laterally dense and forming
maculae or vittae, often of a bright colour. The mesosternal process is strongly
declivous anteriorly and often impressed posteriorly, with the lateral beading rugose
(as is that also of the prosternal process) ; in two species, vosaceus and praecellens,
there is a pronounced tubercle each side of the anterior declivity. In the two species
mentioned and in vogersi the tarsal segments are fuscous, but in the rest the tarsi
are golden-yellow, at least in large part. The antennae as a rule are quite short,
scarcely surpassing the apex of the elytra, but praecellens and rosaceus are exceptional
in this respect too, having the sixth segment attaining the elytral apex.

Lagochetrus rogersi rogersi (Bates)
Lagochirus rogersi Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5 : 146, pl. 11, fig. 15.

Mate. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, densely covered with dull lead-grey or
olive-grey pubescence. Head above and on front varied with pale ochraceous as is
also the pronotal disk to a slight degree. Pronotum with apical vittae abbreviated,
often indistinct, not oblique, basal vittae broad, short, extending just across basal
sulcus. Scutellum with two tapering fuscous vittae which often are coalescent at
extreme base. Elytra with postbasal plaga obsolete or wanting; lateral plaga
evanescent anteriorly, elsewhere sharply defined, variably incised posteriorly,
outlined behind by a fine whitish line, which bifurcates at the incision and forms a
sort of prostrate letter Y, the two rami of equal width; sutural macula and post-
median fascia wanting ; preapical fascia broad, typically broken into an elongate

154 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

sutural portion and a subquadrate lateral macula, often indistinctly interconnected.
Body beneath piceous, sparsely hoary pubescent, with transverse yellow maculae
laterally on metasternum and first four abdominal segments. Tarsi fuscous, first two
(and sometimes last) segments covered with ashy pubescence ; femora and antennal
scape covered with ashy pubescence, mottled with brown; tibiae broadly bian-
nulated with ashy; antennae with third and fourth segments biannulated, rest
uniannulated.

Head with front slightly convex, one-third again as wide as high ; eye with lower
lobe broadly oblong, erect, two-thirds again as tall as gena, upper lobes subequal in
width to the interocular space. Pronotum gradually narrowed to apex where it is
scarcely wider than an elytron; lateral tubercles small, ending in a short, suba-
cute spine which is directed upwards and slightly forward ; disk subrugose, coarsely
punctate except on the five prominent tubercles, the median one being most highly
elevated. Elytra with basal gibbosity rather prominent, armed at base with a
large, projecting tubercle and laterally with a broad carina; disk on basal fourth
granulate punctate, the granules larger than the punctures, laterally attaining middle,
thence punctures simple, becoming finer apically, evanescent at apical sixth, on
apical three-fifths with four prominent costae, each of which bear a number of long
pointed tufts; apices separately broadly rounded. Mesosternal process slightly
depressed posteriorly, anteriorly abruptly declivous, lateral beading rugose.
Antennae with eighth segment attaining elytral apex ; scape attaining basal sulcus
of pronotum ; third segment one-fifth longer than first ; fourth one-eighth shorter
than first ; fifth and sixth much shorter, the latter with an appendix that is nearly
as long as the width of the segment, broadly rounded apically, with sides parallel,
and directed slightly distally, rest gradually shorter.

FEMALE. Asin male but antennae only as long as body, the sixth segment without
appendix ; protarsi not expanded nor fringed.

Length 16-24 mm. ; width 7:-5-10 mm.

Type locality : Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica.

DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica.

Costa Rica: 2, no further data [BM]. 2, Guayabillos, Irazu, 2,200 m. (F.
Nevermann) [USNM]}.

Lagocheirus rogersi panamensis Dillon, ssp. n.

Differs from the typical form in having the pronotum, base of elytra, and sternal
side-pieces distinctly ochraceous maculate, but the most striking difference is in the
postmedian white fascia of the elytra. Here the posterior tine of the mark is very
broad, overshadowing the anterior tine to such an extent that the whole loses its
resemblance to the letter Y. In addition the fuscous vittae on the scutellum broadly
fused on basal half.

Length 17-24 mm. ; width 8-10 mm.

Holotype: Male, allotype female, and one paratype: Volcan de Chiriquf
(Champion) [BM}.

Paratype: Chiriqui, Panama [BM].

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 155

Lagocheirus rogersi hondurensis Dillon, ssp. n.

FEMALE. Very similar to the nominotypic form in having but little ochraceous
pubescence on the pronotum, and to the Panama subspecies in having the scutellar
vittae strongly fused at base. From both of these it is distinct in having the white
pubescence behind the lateral macula irregularly arranged, not at all Y-shaped,
confined largely to the lateral margin of elytron.

Length 23 mm.; width 10 mm.

Holotype: Female ; Honduras, 1940 (W. von Hagen) [AMNH].

Lagocheirus integer (Bates)
Lagochirus integer Bates, 1885, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 384.

Mate. Closely related to L. rogersi in structure and sculpturing, but differing as
follows : Covered with fuscous pubescence, more or less distinctly varied with ashy
or fulvous ashy on head, pronotum, base of elytra, body beneath, femora, and basal
antennal segments. Scutellum fuscous except on basal angles and narrowly on
sides. Elytra without dark markings except for the strongly accentuated lateral
macula and a subobsolete preapical fascia, which is produced somewhat strongly
forward at suture and usually divided into a sutural and lateral portion ; lateral
macula narrowly and not distinctly outlined with whitish behind, the pale line
feebly bifurcated, with the posterior bifurcation narrowly separated from the anterior
and frequently extending to or near suture. Beneath maculate with bright ochra-
ceous on side of prothorax, finely on mesosternal side-pieces, broadly on metasternum
each side, and narrowly on sides of first four abdominal sternites. Tarsi with all
segments ashy pubescent, the integment not paler than that of tibia.

Head with front broadly, feebly convex, one-sixth wider than high; eye with
lower lobe subquadrate or broadly erect, twice as tall as gena, upper lobes as broad
as the interocular space. Pronotal lateral tubercles without a spine or tooth,
conical, prominent ; discal tubercles quite as in vogersi, punctation very variable.
Elytra with basal gibbosity scarcely elevated, basal tubercle only slightly more
evident than carina and tufts; disk rather finely and sparsely granulate-punctate,
the granules subequal in size to the punctures, extending nearly to middle of elytra,
each with six rows of fine tufts, often rather closely placed, on low carinae ; apices
separately broadly rounded or subtruncate. Mesosternal process strongly but
obliquely declivous before, depressed posteriorly; lateral margins not rugose,
simply punctate. Antennae with seventh segment attaining or slightly surpassing
elytral apex ; scape extending nearly to basal sulcus of pronotum ; third segment
one-fifth again as long as first ; fourth subequal to first ; fifth much shorter ; rest
gradually decreasing in length; sixth segment with appendix moderately short,
not as long as width of segment, directed slightly distad.

FEMALE. Antennae with eighth segment attaining elytral apex; protarsi not
fringed nor dilated.

Length 12-18 mm. ; width 5-2-7:5 mm.

156 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

Type Locality : Cordoba, Mexico, herewith designated.

DISTRIBUTION. Central Mexico to Panama.

Mexico : 1, Cordoba (Sallé) [BM].

Guatemala: 5, Cerro Zunil, 4,000 ft. (Champion) [BM]. 1, Volcan de Atitlan,
3,500 ft. (Champion) [BM].

Panama: 1, Bugaba (Champion) [USNM].

REMARKS. The reduced dark maculation of the elytra, consisting only of a promi-
nent lateral macula and an obsolete preapical fascia is, combined with the form of the
mesosternum, a sufficiently diagnostic character for the recognition of this species.
The dark tarsi, the low elytral gibbosity, the fairly long antennae, maculation of the
scutellum, and the sculpturing of the pronotum are also characteristic.

In the single specimen from Panama the lateral maculae of the elytra scarcely
contrast with the general pubescence and the scutellar dark macula is small.
Furthermore the lateral tubercles of the pronotum are quite tumid, so that this form
may deserve subspecific status when further material becomes available.

Lagocheirus tuberculatus tuberculatus (Fabricius)

Cevambyx tuberculatus Fabricius, 1787, Mant. Ins. 1: 131. Gmelin, 1790, Syst. Nat. ed. 13, 1,
4: 1819. Olivier, 1790, Encycl. Méth. Ins. 5: 291; 1795, Ent. 4, 67: 109, pl. 16, fig. 114.
Lamia tuberculata Fabricius. Fabricius, 1792, Ent. Syst. 1: 273; 1801, Syst. Eleuth. 2: 289.

Lagochirus tuberculatus Fabricius. Gahan, 1895, Tvans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 130.
Lagocheirus binumeratus Thomson, 1860, Class. Ceramb.:9. Bates, 1885, Biol. Centy.-Amer.,
Col. 5 : 384.

MALE. Very similar in colour and structure to integer, from which form it differs
chiefly as follows: Head, pronotum, and profemora usually variegate with bright
ochraceous instead of ashy, rarely ochraceous ashy. Scutellum with dark macula
larger, as a rule occupying all of surface except narrow basal angles and, sometimes,
very narrow side margins. Elytra with lateral macula subobsolete, rarely pro-
nounced, followed posteriorly by a narrow white line which is not bifurcated but
is strongly angularly undulant, its inner portion widely remote from the macula ;
sutural macula dimly present (postmedian fascia absent as in integer) ; preapical
fascia rather distinct, broken into two elongate, broad maculae. Tarsi variable,
sometimes with surface colour identical to that of tibiae, sometimes quite pale,
except at apex of last segment, and usually ochraceous pubescent.

Head with front a little more strongly narrowed between eyes; lower ocular
lobes consistently erect, twice as tall as gena, upper lobes subequal to interocular
space. Pronotum with lateral tubercles as in integer, disk with basal tubercles much
more prominent than anterior ones, disk laterally more strongly tumid. Elytral
basal gibbosity rather prominent, basal granule large, much more distinct than the
carinae, tufts long and acute (usually) ; disk coarsely punctate, the granules pro-
nounced, medially continuing almost to middle, punctures thence simple and strongly
decreasing in size; apices truncate. Mesosternal process slightly rugose laterally,
broadly excavated. Antennae with seventh segment nearly attaining elytral apex ;
scape extending only to basal third of pronotum; third segment one-sixth longer

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 157

than first ; fourth as long as first ; fifth and sixth successively much shorter, the
appendix of the latter disinctly longer than width of segment, projected distad
but recurved at apex ; remaining segments gradually decreasing in length.

FEMALE. As in male, but antennae with ninth segment attaining elytral apex,
sixth segment without appendix ; pronotum often not tumid laterally ; protarsi
not expanded or fringed.

Length 13-18 mm. ; width 5-4-9 mm.

Type locality ; “ Jamaica” [twberculatus| ; Mexico (binumeratus].

DISTRIBUTION. Southern Mexico to Nicaragua.

Mexico: 1, Oaxaca [ANSP]. 1, Orizaba, Dec. 1905 [USNM]. 1, Chiapas,
800-1,000 m. [USNM]. 1, Misantla [BM]. 1, Toxpam [BM].

British Honduras: 4, Stann Creek Valley, Aug. 7, 1933 [BM]. 1, Rio Temas
[BM]. 1, Belize [BM].

Guatemala: 3, no further data [ANSP]. 1, Alta Vera Paz, Mar. 24, on cacao
[USNM]. 1, San Juan, V. P. [BM]. 1, San Isidro, 500 m. [BM].

Nicaragua: 4, Chontales [BM ; USNM].

Remarks. The type locality “‘ Jamaica” appears to be erroneous; a careful
comparison of Mexican specimens with Olivier’s figure of the type seems to indicate
that the latter is probably its place of origin.

,

Lagocheirus tuberculatus v-album Bates
Lagocheirus v-album Bates, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 386; 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5:

145, 384, pl. 11, fig. 11.

Mate. Differing from the typical form chiefly in having the white line of the
elytra much broader and in the costae being covered with ochraceous pubescence.
Tarsi always pale, covered with bright ochraceous pubescence.

DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica and Panama.

Costa Rica : 2, Hamburg Farm, Sta. Clara Prov., June 29 [USNM]. 1, Capellodas,
nr. Vinas, June [USNM].

Panama: 2, Bugaba [BM]. 2, Volcan de Chiriqui, 300 ft. [BM; CAS]. 1,
Boquete, July 1939 [CAS]. 1, Chiriqui [ANSP].

Lagochetrus plantaris plantaris Erichson
Lagocheirus plantaris Erichson, 1847, Arch. Naturgesch. 13: 144; White, 1855, Cat. Col. Dist.
Mus. 8 : 365.
Trypanidius fasciculatus White, op. cit. : 377, pl. 9, fig. 9 [Syn. n.].
Lagocheirus fasciculatus White. Bates, 1863, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: tor.

MALE. Related to tuberculatus but differing as follows: Pubescence of body
above bright tawny-brown. Head, pronotum, femora, and first three antennal
segments varied with fulvous or fulvous-ashy. Pronotum with apical vittae nearly
wanting, basal vittae short, usually not extending to base of tubercles. Scutellum
entirely black. Elytra with black maculae distinct, outlined posteriorly by a double
whitish fascia which extends to suture, the two components of the fascia with many
interconnections, that along suture quite broad ; also with a common white macula

158 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

on suture at basal third, and a smaller one usually present at basal sixth; white
fascia accentuated behind by the pronounced black preapical fascia, which is rather
narrow suturally, gradually widening to margin, briefly interrupted at its inner third,
sometimes only visible laterally. Body beneath more densely ochraceous pubescent
on sides, so that the maculae are more conspicuous. Tarsi quite pale, except apex
of last segment.

Head with front one-fourth wider than high, finely punctate, feebly convex, sides
scarcely narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower lobe nearly twice as tall as gena,
oblong, suberect, upper lobes slightly narrower than interocular space. Pronotum
with sides tumid, lateral tubercles rather low, nearly hemispherical, unarmed ; disk
strongly tumid each side so that the anterior and posterior tubercles are inter-
connected, the latter one prominent, median tubercle rather low ; basal punctures
coarse, especially anterior row, which are twice as coarse as those of disk. Elytra
with basal gibbosity a little more prominent, with the lateral but without the apical
carina, basal tubercle about as pronounced as in tuberculatus; disk rather more
coarsely punctate, the granules smaller, inconspicuous (except laterally at extreme
base), usually not extending posterior to basal gibbosity ; apices broadly, arcuately
truncate. Mesosternal process strongly depressed posteriorly, abruptly declivous
anteriorly, lateral margins distinctly rugose. Antennae with seventh segment
attaining elytral apex ; scape extending to basal third of pronotum ; third segment
just one-tenth longer than first ; fourth feebly shorter than first ; fifth and sixth
successively much shorter than fourth; rest gradually decreasing; sixth with
appendix variable in width and length, usually subequal in length to width of seg-
ment, evenly rounded at apex, sides parallel.

FEMALE. Antennae with ninth segment surpassing elytral apex, sixth without
an appendix ; protarsi not expanded or fringed.

Length 14-20 mm. ; width 6-8 mm.

Type localities: Peru [plantaris] ; Ega, Brazil [fasciculatus].

DISTRIBUTION. Columbia and north-western Brazil to Bolivia.

Colombia: 1,no further data[BM]. 1, Rio Nare, Antioquia, Jan. 4, 1939 [USNM].
I, Villa Arteaga, July [USNM].

Brazil: 1, Amazonas [BM].

Ecuador: 1, El Partidero, Dec. 1935 [BM]. 1, Napo-Paatsza, Jan. [CAS]. 9,
Loja [ANSP].

Peru: 2, Rio Santiago, Nov. [AMNH]. 1, Junin, Sani Beni, Feb. [CAS]. 1,
Satipo, Jauja Prov., April [AMNH].

Bolivia: 1, Buenavista, 1,700 ft., Oct. [ANSP].

REMARKS. In many ways, especially as in regard to the tarsal coloration, this
species resembles tuberculatus. However, in the present form, the undulating white
fascia of the elytra is double, with the posterior portion outlined behind by black.

Lagocheirus plantaris indistinctus Dillon, ssp. n.

Mate. In many instances only slightly distinct from the typical form in having
the basal angles of the scutellum pale or ochraceous pubescent. However, in well-

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 159

marked examples the elytral pubescence is uniformly dull cinereous or fuscous,
with the carinae marked with ochraceous. The most important distinguishing
feature is to be found in the structure of the pronotum, which is scarcely inflated.
As a consequence, the lateral tubercles are usually conical, and the tubercles of the
disk are more pronounced.

Length 12-18 mm. ; width 5:5-g mm.

Holotype: Male ; Gamboa, Canal Zone, June 1944 [CAS].

Allotype: Female ; Barro Colorado Isl., Canal Zone, July [USNM].

Paratypes: 4, same data as allotype [USNM ; CMNH-3]. 1, Parais, C. Z., Mar.
[USNM]. 1, Ft. Clayton [CAS]. 1, Trinidad Riv., Panama, March [USNM].
2, Reventazon, Costa Rica [USNM].

Lagocheirus plantaris gorgonae Dillon, ssp. n.

Mace. In general most similar to the Central American subspecies, especially
in having the pronotum only feebly tumid, in the pale basal angles of the scutellum
and in the ochraceous lines on the elytral carinae. However, it is amply distinct
in having these lines much more marked, in the more prominent lateral maculae
of the elytra, and particularly in lacking ochraceous pubescence on the abdominal
sternites.

Length 14-16 mm. ; width 6:5 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female : Gorgona Island, Colombia, 200 ft., at light
[BM].

Lagochetrus rosaceus Bates

Lagocheirus rosaceus Bates, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 386.
Lagochirus vosaceus Bates. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Col. 5: 146, pl. 11, fig. 12.
Lagocheirus flavolineatus Aurivillius, 1921, Tijd. Ent. 64: 52, pl. 2, fig. 10 [Syn. n.].

Mate. Dark reddish-brown, covered above by rather sparse fuscous-ashy pubes-
cence, strongly variegated with bright ochraceous, which forms irregular lines on
the pronotum and covers the costae on the elytra. Pronotum with apical vittae
distinct, straight, extending directly caudad, basal vittae very broad, somewhat arcu-
ate. Scutellum fuscous, vittate medially with ochraceous. Elytra largely dull hoary
pubescent, except for the broad brown base; postbasal plaga rather indistinct ;
lateral macula conspicuous, briefly margined behind with white or rosaceous ;
_ both the postmedian and the preapical fasciae broad and strongly undulant, especially
at suture, where they are separated by a line of white or rosaceous, the former largely
outlined with white or rosy ; costae strongly marked with lines of rosaceous, inter-
rupted by prominent tufts of fuscous hairs. Body beneath nearly glabrous medially,
very sparsely covered with fine hoary pubescence ; metasternum and abdominal
sternites laterally transversely maculate with rosaceous. Tarsi blackish, basal two
segments rosaceous pubescent. Antennae fuscous pubescent, with a faint double
annulus on fourth and single ones on following segments.

Head with front tumid, very finely, sparsely punctate, one-fourth wider than high ;
eye with lower lobe broad, feebly upright, nearly twice as tall as gena, upper lobes

160 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

separated by about one and one-half their width. Pronotum strongly tumid
laterally and across disk, constricted at base; lateral tubercles broad, moderately
prominent, armed with a large granule at apex ; disk with tubercles indistinct except
lateral basal ones, coarsely densely punctate except on tubercles. Elytra moderately
densely granulate-punctate at base, the punctures deeper, rather coarse, from basal
sixth simple, becoming much finer to apical third, thence subobsolete; basal
gibbosity rather low, strongly carinate, the carina bearing a very large granule at
base ; costae distinctly prominent ; apices obliquely subtruncate at suture. Meso-
sternal process depressed medially, lateral beading pronounced and distinctly finely
rugose. Antennae with eighth segment surpassing elytral apex; scape attaining
base of pronotal lateral tubercle ; third segment one-fifth longer than first ; fourth
feebly shorter than first ; fifth to seventh successively strongly shorter ; rest sub-
equal to seventh ; sixth with appendix elongate, much longer than width of segment.

FEMALE. Pronotum scarcely tumid, lateral tubercles feebly prominent.
Antennae with ninth segment surpassing elytral apex; sixth segment simple.
Rest as in male.

Length 12-20 mm. ; width 6-9-2 mm.

Type localities : Chontales, Nicaragua [vosaceus] ; Colombia [ flavolineatus].

DISTRIBUTION. From southern Mexico to Colombia, being of rare occurrence at
the extremes of its distribution.

Mexico: 1, Oaxaca [ANSP].

Nicaragua: I, no further data [BM]. 7, Chontales [BM].

Costa Rica: 4, Hamburg Farm, Reventazon, May-Aug. [USNM].

REMARKS. The character of the designs on the elytra will at once identify this
species.

Lagochetrus praecellens Bates

Lagocheirus praecellens Bates, 1872, Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. : 209.
Lagochirus praecellens Bates. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 146, pl. 11, fig. 13.

Mate. Differs from rogerst as follows: Pronotum and elytra ferrugineous
covered with orange-ochraceous pubescence ; the former with apical vittae usually
short, nearly confined to apical margin, basal vittae indistinct except near margin.
Scutellum with fuscous vittae narrow, confined to apical halves of margins. Elytra
with basal plaga obsolete ; lateral macula largely dull ochraceous pubescent, only
slightly accentuated with dark brown on disk; pale markings ashy or whitish,
broad, conspicuous, consisting of two common maculae (one at basal fifth, and one
before middle), a broad, undulating postmedian fascia which is strongly recurved
along suture for some distance, and an arcuate vitta on suture and apex ; preapical
fuscous fascia much narrower, strongly interrupted ; apical lateral fuscous macula
rather prominent. Body beneath scarcely at all hoary pubescent, laterally broadly
vittate from prosternum to apex of fourth abdominal sternite, vitta interrupted
on base of first sternite and often behind mesosternum. Antennae with segments
3-5 or 6 biannulated, rest with a single rather narrow annulus.

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 161

Head with front one-third wider than high, finely punctate, slightly tumid
medially ; eye with lower lobe two-thirds again as tall as gena, very broad, as is also
the upper lobe, broader, retrose rather than upcurved as a rule ; discal sculpturing
with basal gibbosity broader, less prominent but surmounted by a more distinct
crest, prolonged anteriorly to the robust basal tubercle ; disk at base coarsely punct-
ate (especially postero-laterad of basal gibbosity), the punctures distinctly larger than
the granules. Antennae with sixth segment distinctly surpassing elytral apex ;
scape attaining basal sulcus of pronotum or nearly so; third segment half again as
long as first ; fourth feebly longer than first ; fifth to seventh strongly diminishing in
length, sixth with appendix longer than width of segment, slightly oblique ; rest
gradually feebly shorter. Mesosternal process rather deeply concave medially,
strongly tuberculate each side anteriorly.

FEMALE. Differing from female rogersi as do the males. Antennae with seventh
segment nearly attaining elytral apex.

Length 19-23 mm. ; width g-10-8 mm.

Type locality : Chontales, Nicaragua.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the type locality.

Nicaragua: 4, Chantales [BM].

Remarks. At once distinguishable from rogers: by the form of the prosternal
process and by the fine granulation of the elytra.

Lagocheirus cristulatus Bates

Lagocheirus cristulatus Bates, 1872, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. : 209.

Mate. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, densely covered with dull ashy pubes-
cence. Pronotum with apical vittae subobsolete, fine, strongly oblique, the pair
more or less forming an arcuate line ; basal vittae just attaining base of tubercles,
strongly expanded to margin, with a median vitta and another each side similar
in size and form. Scutellum with vittae variable in extent (possibly in relation to
geography), more or less lateral and apical in position, sometimes covering most of
surface except middle of apex, sometimes greatly reduced. Elytra at base vaguely,
broadly blotched with fuscous, the basal plaga rarely visible; lateral macula
prominent and fuscous medially, evanescent anteriorly, partially outlined posteriorly
by a narrow, indistinct, ashy line ; postmedian fascia indistinct or wanting ; pre-
apical fascia rather broad, strongly constricted at each undulation, distinct only near
suture. Body beneath sparsely pubescent or subglabrous (especially on abdomen)
medially ; laterally densely covered with dull ashy fulvescent pubescence, which is
broadly interrupted at base of first abdominal sternite and absent from fifth. Tarsi
fuscous, broadly annulate apically with ashy on apex of first segment. Antennae
with segments 3-5 or 6 biannulated, the rest uniannulated medially.

Head with front one-third wider than high, narrowed above, minutely punctulate ;
eye with lower lobe subquadrate, three-fifths again as tall as gena, upper lobe two-
thirds as broad as interocular space. Pronotum with lateral tubercles robust,
conical, unarmed ; disk scarcely tumid, median tubercle most prominent, acute,

162 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

apical tubercles least elevated, entire surface (except in basal and apical sulcus)
nearly impunctate, 3 or 4 coarse punctures occurring laterally and a very few fine
ones medially. Elytra with basal gibbosity very prominent, subglobular, at base
with a large, often granulated tubercle; disk densely coarsely granulate-punctate
on basal fourth, the punctures and granules subequal in size, punctures thence simple,
much finer to middle, on apical half subobsolete ; carinae rather prominent except
on gibbosity, with rows of long tufts, especially basally ; apices obliquely broadly
truncate. Mesosternal process slightly concave, lateral beading rugose. Antennae
with eighth segment not attaining elytral apex ; scape reaching to basal third of
pronotum ; third segment one-fourth again as long as first ; fourth distinctly shorter
than first ; fifth to seventh successively strongly shortened ; sixth with appendix
rather fine, not as long as width of segment ; remaining segments wanting.

FEMALE. Very similar to male but protarsi are not fringed. Antennae not quite
so long as body ; sixth segment simple.

Length 15-21 mm. ; width 7-9:5 mm.

Type locality : Chontales, Nicaragua.

DISTRIBUTION. Southern Mexico to Nicaragua.

Mexico: 1, Misantla [BM].

Guatemala: 1, Coban [USNM].

Nicaragua: 1, Chontales (Janson) [BM].

REMARKS. While in coloration this species resembles obsoletus, it has no close
affinities to it or to any other known species of the genus. Its large basal gibbosity
will at once distinguish it.

Incertae Sedis
Lagochirus unicolor Fisher, 1947, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. 8 : 38.

“FEMALE. Broadly elongate, slightly convex above, uniformly brownish-
yellow, each elytron with an obsolete, narrow, oblique, whitish line along lateral
margin behind middle.

“ Head longer than wide and nearly flat in front, with a narrow, longitudinal groove
extending from occiput to clypeus, broadly concave between antennal tubercles,
which are rather strongly elevated, widely separated, and obliquely divergent ;
surface finely, sparsely punctate, densely, uniformly clothed with a short, recumbent,
brownish-yellow pubescence ; eyes separated from each other on top by three-fourths
the width of upper lobe. Antenna slightly longer than body, densely clothed with
short, recumbent, brownish-yellow pubescence.

‘“Pronotum nearly twice as wide as long, subequal in width at base and apex,
widest at middle ; sides parallel near base, sinuate anteriorly, with a large, triangular
tooth on each side at middle ; disk uneven, transversely flattened along base and
anterior margin, with five obtusely rounded tubercles arranged in two transverse
rows, two in front and three behind, the three posterior tubercles more strongly
elevated ; surface coarsely, deeply, irregularly punctate, densely clothed with short
recumbent, brownish-yellow pubescence. Scutellum triangular, broadly rounded
at apex, densely, uniformly pubescent.

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 163

‘“Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum ; sides nearly parallel from humeral
angles to near the tips, which are separately broadly subtruncate, surface rather
densely, coarsely, deeply punctate, densely clothed with short, recumbent, brownish-
yellow pubescence ; abdomen indistinctly punctate, last visible sternite shallowly
emarginate at apex ; prosternal process about one-third as wide as coxal cavity,
expanded posteriorly ; femora pedunculate, strongly clavate toward apices.

“Length 18 mm., width 8 mm.

“Type locality. Barbados, British West Indies.

‘Type. In the United States National Museum, No. 58123.

“Described from a single specimen found in the Wickham Collection.

‘ This species differs from all the other described species of Lagochirus in having
the upper surface of the body densely clothed with uniformly brownish-yellow
pubescence, without any distinct markings except for an obsolete white line on each
elytron along the lateral margin behind the middle ”’

Sternocheirus Dillon, gen. n.

Very closely related to Lagocheirus, from which genus this differs as follows:
Female (male unknown). Head with vertex more strongly declivous, the lower edge
of anternal tubercles being scarcely above the middle of the total vertical height of
head (excluding mouthparts) ; front relatively a little broader, and distinctly more
strongly narrowed between eyes; eye with lower lobe slightly wider than tall.
Pronotum with lateral tubercles rather small, armed with an acicular spine ; discal
tubercles comparatively feeble. Scutellum broad, sides slightly oblique, the apex
evenly rounded. Elytra more elongate, covering extended fifth abdominal segment,
sides subparallel, scarcely tapering; apices together broadly rounded; carinae
wanting except on basal gibbosity, which is low and broad ; discal punctures simple
except on basal sixth, where they bear feeble granules ; tufts absent, replaced by
fuscous maculae which are not at all seriate except along margins. Prosternum
medially with an irregular transverse, cariniform tubercle. Antennae with scape
short, scarcely extending behind middle of pronotum; third segment one-fourth
longer than first ; rest gradually decreasing.

Type species : Sternocheirus lugubris Dillon, sp. n.

Remarks. From Archlagocheirus which it resembles in the form and length of
the scape, this genus differs in having the vertex less strongly declivous, the front
- not rugose, the pronotal disk not tumid, and in the armed prosternal process.

Sternocheirus lugubris Dillon, sp. n.
Lagocheirus funestus Thomson. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 146 [ex parte}.

FEMALE. Piceous, densely covered with ashy-brown pubescence. Pronotum
with apical vittae indistinct, subparallel, widely separated, feebly attaining margin ;
basal vittae more distinct, elongate, extending on to basal tubercles. Scutellum
with a rather narrow attenuate fuscous vitta each side. Elytra with basal plaga
squarely transverse, narrow, poorly defined, more or less interrupted ; lateral
macula obsolete, greatly reduced, indicated primarily by the more velvety texture

1644 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

of its vestiture; sutural macula large, elongate, composed of numerous small
maculae ; postmedian and preapical fasciae indistinct except in certain lights,
the latter composed of undulating row of fuscous maculae; apical half of disk
irregularly sprinkled with fuscous maculae (not tufts) which are outlined with white.
Body beneath ashy pubescent, not mottled; abdomen medially finely fuscous.
Femora narrowly biannulated with pale fulvous apically; tarsi entirely ashy-
pubescent. Antennae fuscous, segments I-5 biannulated with ashy, the remainder
uniannulate.

Head with front one-fourth wider than high, strongly narrowed between eyes,
finely punctate, not rugose; eye with lower lobe subrotund, narrower mesially,
two-fifths again as tall as gena, upper lobe a little wider than interocular space.
Pronotum coarsely, irregularly punctate at base and apex ; disk unevenly, sparsely,
rather finely punctate. Elytra not very densely punctate, the punctures on basal
sixth bearing low granules, moderately coarse, becoming much finer thence to apex.

Length 23 mm. ; width 9-7 mm.

Holotype: Female ; Puebla, Mexico (Sallé coll.) [BM].

REMARKS. In several superficial ways, this species shows resemblance to A.
funestus Thomson, particularly in the annulation of the femora and the maculation
of the apical half of the elytra.

Archlagocheirus Dillon gen. n.

Most closely related to Sternocheirus. From that genus it is distinct in having the
vertex more strongly declivous, with the lower edge of the antennal tubercle placed
well below the middle of the total head height ; front three-fifths again as wide as
high in both sexes ; rugosely punctate especially in the male ; eye with lower lobe
distinctly transverse, tapering mesially, in females sometimes subquadrate, always
small, not so tall as the gena. Pronotum with central portion of disk abruptly
and strongly tumid, particularly in the female ; lateral tubercles prominent to a
greater or lesser extent, armed with an acute spine. Scutellum often truncate or
retuse at apex, rarely rounded. Elytra with costae obsolete, quite apparent on
basal gibbosity ; apices feebly truncate or rounded together. Prosternum simple,
unarmed ; mesosternal process gradually declivous anteriorly, medially broadly
tumid, the tumescence low. Antennae with eighth segment attaining elytral apex
in male, distinctly shorter than body in female.

Type species : Lagocheirus funestus Thomson.

REMARKS. The strongly declivous vertex, the markedly transverse front, the
sculpturing of the pronotum, the declivous mesosternal process, the small eye, and
the very shortened antennae in the female are especially diagnostic.

Archlagocheirus funestus (Thomson)

Lagocheirus funestus Thomson, 1865, Syst. Ceramb. : 545.
Lagochirus funestus Thomson. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col., 5 : 146.

Mate. Black, covered with fine fuscous pubescence. Pronotum with apical
vittae often wanting, always indistinct, strongly oblique, confined to anterior

NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 165

discal tubercles ; basal vittae also indistinct or wanting, apparently confined to
basal margin ; disk often with a series of fulvous or ashy markings across base and
apex which vary greatly in position and shape, usually four markings are in each
transverse row. Scutellum uniformly fuscous, rarely a little paler medially. Elytral
markings often indistinct ; basal plaga transverse; lateral macula accentuated
on disk and anteriorly with darker pubesence, rarely narrowly outlined with whitish
posteriorly ; sutural macula continuous with the postmedian fascia, which is confined
to the sutural half of disk, rather broad; preapical fascia subobsolete, narrow,
strongly undulant ; disk sprinkled with rounded fuscous maculae (not tufts) which
are often narrowly outlined with white, in basal impressions and medially often,
ard postmedially rarely, with irregular inconstant markings of whitish or fulvous,
occasionally quite broadly so. Body beneath as above, sometimes with irregular
maculae of ashy or fulvous laterally. emora biannulated with fulvous near apex,
the annuli much interrupted ; tibiae often ashy-annulate at middle ; tarsi fuscous,
the first two segments often sparsely ashy-pubescent. Antennae biannulate with
ashy on first four segments, uniannulate on rest.

Head with front finely sparsely punctate, rugose ; eye with lower lobe one-sixth
shorter than gena, upper lobes separated by twice their width ; vertex behind eye
coarsely and deeply punctate. Pronotum with lateral tubercles usually prominent,
armed with a long, acute spine at apex ; disk tumid in an area that includes the five
prominent tubercles, apically and basally coarsely punctate, rest of surface between
tubercles somewhat rugosely punctate. Elytra with basal gibbosity feeble, outlined
posteriorly by a broad arcuate impression, bearing two rather prominent carinae ;
basal granule large, projecting; disk basally often rugose, on basal fourth finely
granulate-punctate, the punctures thence simple and finer, evanescent apically,
carinae obsolete. Antennae with eighth segment attaining elytral apex, scarcely
fimbriate beneath; scape reaching to middle of pronotum; third segment one-
fourth again as long as first ; rest gradually diminishing in length, sixth with a
long, curved, tufted appendix at apex.

FEMALE. As in male, but front not rugose ; eye with lower lobe often subquad-
rate. Pronotum with disk only slightly tumid; lateral tubercles less prominent.
Antennae distinctly shorter than body; third segment scarcely longer than first ;
sixth simple.

Length 24-30 mm. ; width 9-12 mm.

Type locality : Mexico.

DIsTRIBUTION. Known only from central Mexico.

Mexico: 1, no further data [ANSP]. 3, Cacaloapan, Puebla, 5500 ft. July 5,
Ig41, on cactus (H. S. Dybas) [CMNH]. 6, Cuernavaca, on Opuntia [USNM-2 ;
TAM-4].

166 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

LIST OF SPECIES

A. Lagocheirus Erichson, 140

araneiformis Group, 142
undatus complex, 142
1. undatus Voet, 141
a. undatus Voet, 143
obsoletus Thomson, 143
longipennis Bates, 143
b. mariorum nov., 144
2. dezayast nov., 141, 144
3. zimmermant Dillon,141
a. zimmermani Dillon, 145
b. aukena nov., 145
4. wenzeli nov., 141, 146
5. procerus Casey, 142, 146
6. simplicicornis Bates, 142, 147
araneiformis complex, 148
7. avaneiformis Linné, 142
. stvoheckeri Dillon, 148
. avaneiformis Linné, 149
. guadeloupensis nov., 150
. insulorum nov., 150
. fulvescens nov., 151
ypsilon Voet, 151
parvulus Casey, 151
8. foveolatus nov., 142, 152

mono mm

rogersi Group, 153

g. vogersi Bates, 142
a. vogersi Bates, 153
b. panamensis nov., 154
c. hondurensis nov., 155
10. integer Bates, 142, 155
11. tuberculatus Fabricius, 142
a. tuberculatus Fabricius, 156
binumeratus Thomson, 156
b. v-album Bates, 157
12. plantaris Erichson, 142
a. plantaris Erichson, 157
fasciculatus White, 157
b. indistinctus nov., 158
c. gorgonae Nov., 159
13. vosaceus Bates, 142, 159
flavolineatus Aurivillius, 159
14. praecellens Bates, 142, 160
15. cristulatus Bates, 142, 161

. Sternocheirus nov., 140, 163

1. lugubris nov., 163

. Ayrchlagocheirus nov., 140, 164

1. funestus Thomson, 164

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE
TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA
ie Oe" Rs, «(101 8),
~A GENUS OF PALAEARCTIC AND
NEARCTIC FLEAS

ss oe ee —————————eE—eEeeeeEeEeee ee

KARL JORDAN

Sa ee a ee ee ee oe

) BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 7
LONDON : 1958

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY

STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911),
A GENUS OF PALAEARCTIC AND
NEARCTIC FLEAS

BY

KARL JORDAN
Yh:

British Museum (Nat. Hist.), Tring’

Pp. 167-202 ; 30 Text figures

BULLETIN OF
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A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY OF
STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911),
A GENUS OF PALAEARCTIC AND
NEARCTIC FLEAS

By KARL JORDAN

THE original diagnosis of Stenoponia was based on the description and figures of
Hystrichopsylla tripectinata Tiraboschi (1902) (designated type species), of which a
male had been obtained at Rome on Mus musculus, and on a Chinese female off
Sciurotamias davidianus consobrinus. This generic concept has since been much
widened by the inclusion of Hystrichopsylla americana Baker (1899) and a number
of new species described since 1925.

When, in the spring of 1912, 1913 and 1914, I was in Algeria with Walter Roths-
child I devoted some time to collecting mammals for the sake of their fleas. Steno-
ponia were found in three places : Hammam Meskoutine, west of Guelma, Khenchela,
at the east end of the Aurés Mts., and at Guelt-es-Stel, a bordj (castle) on the route
from Boghari to Djelfa. Rothschild and Hartert went in 1913 to western Algeria
mainly to collect birds, but they took with them Alan Ruddle of the Mammal
Department of the British Museum (Natural History), who obtained a fine series of
a Stenoponia at Djebel Mourdjadjo at the back of Port Oran, and of another Steno-
ponia at Ain-Séfra, far south-west near the border of Morocco. The outbreak of the
war in 1914 put an end to these yearly excursions. In 1920, however, Charles
Rothschild and I spent some months in Algeria and on the way from Biskra south
we observed from the platform of the railway carriage Jaculus hopping about in
a flat area which was studded with bushes growing out of little hillocks of sand.
Before proceeding to Touggourt we collected for some time at an intermediate place
called Djama or Djamma, and here I caught for the first time Gerbillus hirtipes, which
sleeps during the day in such dunes as just mentioned. I got only one gerbil and
it had no fleas.

In our records of Mediterranean fleas we listed the Stenoponia from various places
simply as S. tripectinata Tiraboschi, 1902, without mentioning any differences we
had observed. It seemed to us advisable to postpone an analysis until more
abundant collections from a greater number of localities would be available. What
we had in the collection seemed to show the populations to intergrade and even to
overlap to a remarkable extent. The publication of the description of S. imsperata
in 1930 by Weiss of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis therefore came somewhat as a
shock, but induced us to look at our Stenoponia again. Weiss’s account, however,

ENTOM. 6, 7. 8

170 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

as well as what was said on the same Tunisian fleas soon after by Wagner (1930)
and Wagner & Wassilieff (1933) left me where I was before. They cleared away
some muddles about locality and hosts of Tunisian S. imsperata and S. tripectinata,
but avoided the taxonomic difficulties by basing the definitions of their two “ species ”’
on the somatics of majorities and neglecting the minorities which are connecting
links between populations. They state, for instance, of the antepygidials of S. in-
sperata “‘ ordinairement ’’ in male 3, female 4. As this flea is said by them to occur
at Bir Mellah in the nests of Merviones shawi in enormous quantity, it is quite safe to
assume that there is a percentage with 4 in the male and with 5 in the female, the
numbers in four pairs of a very similar Stenoponia from Rehoboth in Israel being
in the male 7 sides with 3 and 1 with 4, and in the female 5 sides with 4 and 3 with

5, and in a pair from Biskra there are 3 and 3 in the male and 3 and 4 in the female.

Much more stimulating than the Tunisian specimens are those now known from

Egypt. Iam profoundly grateful to Lt.-Col. Robert Traub for having entrusted me

with a large number of mounted specimens of Stenoponia collected by Mr. H.

Hoogstraal, to whom also I here express my gratitude. This remarkable collection

emboldened me to write for assistance to Dr. O. Theodor, Dept. of Parasitology,

Hebrew University, Jerusalem, who most generously responded by sending speci-

mens and much information on the distribution of Stenoponia in Israel and their

particular environment, for all of which I thank him most sincerely. When I

learned from his communications that his department has a large collection of

fleas (over 200 specimens of Stenoponia, for instance) obtained from different
localities stretching from the north to the south of the country, most of them cleared
and mounted, I was much astonished and greatly thankful for the opportunity to

study some of them. From Iraq we have a pair kindly presented by our friend Dr. C.

Andresen Hubbard and a second female collected by Dr. D. L. Harrison. The other

countries of the Middle East, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, are as

regards this enquiry complete vacua.

Section I.—Asiatic and Nearctic species. Genal comb with one angle (at base of
spines 4 and 5, last (uppermost) spine in a line with the preceding ones, never
projecting over the antennal fossa.

Subsection A!.—Smallish species from the Pacific area of Palaearctic Asia. Genal
comb with 9-12 spines. Oral margin less than half as long as the genal
comb (36: 100 +). Pronotum inclusive of comb as long as metanotum (mea-
sured dorsally) or at most one-fifth longer. All tarsi of both sexes with 4
spiniforms on apical. area of ventral surface.

3g. Apex of IX.st. not or feebly widened, more convex dorsally than ventrally.
Ventral sclerite of phallosome without armament, not bearing the inverted
claw present in all g of Subsections A? to A®.

®. Posterior margin of VII.st. straight at least in its ventral third, without
distinct sinus. Body of spermatheca oviform, dorsal and ventral margins
evenly curved and of the same length, orifice of duct central, no transverse
sclerotized stripe defining the sort of snout present in all other species of
the genus.

Four species known.

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 17E

1. Stenoponia coelestis J. & R., 1911

Labial palp with one segment, which reaches to the end of the maxillary palp.
Number of spines in the genal comb g on both sides in the holotype, 10/10 in the
second specimen. Pronotum inclusive of comb one-tenth longer than metanotum.
Pronotal comb with 18 (or 19 ?) spines each side. On terga IV to VI of abdomen
two rows of bristles and no additional bristles in front of them. Marginal spinelets
on terga II to VI 7/8, 6/7, 4/5, 3/5, 0/1. Stylet with one long bristle at apex. The
longest apical bristles of hind tarsal segments I and II not reaching to the apex of
the segment following.

HABITAT. South-east of Ta-tsien-lu, West China, 1 9 from Sciurotamias davidt-
anus consobrinus (Anderson leg.), another female (without abdomen) from Si-ho
River, western Szechwan, off Microtus alcinous (now Clethrionomys rufocanus
shansetus), presented by Oldfield Thomas, both in the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) collec-
tion at Tring.

2. Stenoponia formozovi loft & Tiflov (1934, 2; Ioff & Scalon, 1954, 2)

Labial palp with one segment. Number of spines in genal comb in four males
10/10, 10/11, 11/10, 11/11, in seven females twice 10/10, once 11/10 and four times
11/11. Pronotal comb of female with 50 spines on the two sides together. Pro-
notum only r unit* longer than metanotum. Number of antepygidials in four males
3/3, in eight females seven times 4/4 and once 5/4.

§. Distal half of ventral arm of [X.st. narrower than proximal half.

Q. Posterior margin of VII.st. entire, vertical.

HapiTaT. Amurland and Transbaikalia. Not in the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)
collection. Additional information received from Dr. V. E. Tiflov and used here.

3. Stenoponia montana Darskaya, 1949

Labial palp with two segments. Number of spines of genal comb in male 10/10,
in female 12/12, of pronotal comb in male 19/19, in female 25/23, of comb of abdo-
minal tergum I in male 16/16, in female 21/20. Spinelets of abdominal terga II to
VI in male 7/6, 5/6, 5/4, 3/3, o/o, in female 8/8, 7/6, 6/6, 4/5, o/o. Antepygidials
in male 3/3, in female 4/4. On abdominal terga IV to VI two rows of bristles and
some small additional ones.

g. Ventral arm of [X.st. a little narrower distally than in middle; apex of
paramere broad, with a curved-down hook in lateral aspect on slide.

Q. Stylet with one long bristle at apex. VII.st. with lower area projecting as a
broad lobe which is more or less slightly incurved.

Hasitat. North Korea, on Clethrionomys rutilus; Nagano District, Japan,
1,500 m., November 1953, on Apodemus speciosus. One pair in Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) from Nagano, presented by Dr. E. W. Jameson.

* One unit equals approximately 10 ux.

172 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

4. Stenoponia sidimi Marikovsky, 1936

Like S. montana, but easily distinguished by sexual somatics. Some of the
bristles on the underside of the apex of IX.st. of male stout and shortened, spini-
form ; apex of paramere resembling a helmet with a domed crown, the posterior
margin having a rounded projection directed obliquely downwards. Stylet with
several long bristles at and near tip.

HaBiTaT. Kumwha, Korea, from Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus speciosus and
Rattus norvegicus. Ussuri District, on Muridae, accidentally on Eutamias, Cricetulus
and Mustela. In the collection of the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 3 pairs from Korea
presented by Lt.-Col. Robert Traub.

Subsection A?.—Nearctic species. Pronotum inclusive of comb at least one-third
longer than metanotum. Oral margin shorter than longest spine of genal
comb. Abdominal spinelets more numerous than in other species.

3. IX.st. widened at apex, its dorsal surface appearing straight; as in all
the following species of Section I, the ventral sclerite of the paramere with
a sharp claw (each side) gradually curving upwards.

. Stylet with one long bristle at apex.

5. Stenoponia americana (Baker), 1899

Bristles on frons above oesophagus all minute ; on metepimere only two rows of
bristles, the subapical row (below the comb of abdominal tergum I) absent; all
tarsi of both sexes with two apical spiniforms on ventral surface of segment V. These
three distinctions do not occur elsewhere in the genus. Number of spines in the
genal comb varying in male from 12/11 to 14/14 and in female from 12/12 to 14/15.
The aggregate of spinelets on abdominal terga II to V (VI has no spinelets in this
subsection) varies in our series from 71 to 95 in the males and from 76 to 118 in the
females. The usual number of antepygidials is 4/4 in the male and 5/5 in the female,
but 4/3, 4/5 and 5/4 also occur in the male and 5/6 and 6/5 in the female. Setose
area of VIII tergum widely interrupted below stigma.

HasBiTaT. Canada and U.S.A. south to Alabama, but we have not seen any
specimens from the western area (Oregon southward to Colorado and Arizona) and
it is not recorded from this area.

6. Stenoponia ponera Traub & Johnson, 1952

On frons above the oesophagus the usual row of six or seven medium-sized
bristles present. Labial palp long, consisting of at least two segments. Pronotum
with two rows of bristles and one or a few small additional bristles which represent
the third (anterior) row of S. americana. Genal comb with 14 or 15 spines according
to the description, in our male and two females 14/14. Antepygidials in male 4/4,
in our females 5/5 and 6/6. Spinelets of abdominal terga II to V less numerous
than in S. americana, the aggregate being in the male 71 and in the females 52 and

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 173

60; the comparatively low numbers in the females are rather surprising. On
mesepimere below the frame of second spiracle four or more long bristles instead of
two or three. Pale area of metepisternum horizontally shorter than vertically
broad. Metepimere with three rows of bristles. Segment V of all tarsi, both sexes,
with two pairs of spiniforms on the apical ventral area.

g. Widened apical area of IX.st. more densely setose than in S. americana and
somewhat broader.

. VIlI.st. without distinct ventro-lateral sinus and the setose area of VIII.t. not
interrupted below spiracle.

Hapitat. New Mexico, on Peromyscus and Eutamias ; Durango, Mexico.

In Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 1 ¢ from Pinos Altos, New Mexico and 2 9 from Durango,
presented by Lt.-Col. Robert Traub.

Subsection A?.—Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, group III of Ioff & Tiflov, 1934,
containing two species, neither of which is represented in the British Museum.
My notes on them are based on what the authors have published and on
additional information most kindly given me by Dr. V. E. Tiflov.

Labial palp with two segments. Eye feebly pigmented. Oral margin
longer than one-half the genal comb. Pronotum inclusive of comb as long
as, or longer than, the metanotum measured dorsally. Number of spines
of genal comb in males 10/10, 10/11, 11/10, 11/11, in females 10/11, 11/10,
I1/II, 11/12, 12/11, 12/12, 12/13. Antepygidials in males 3/3, 4/3, 4/4,
in females 4/5, 5/4, 5/5, 5/6, 6/5, 6/6, 6/7, 5/7.

g. Digitoid (F) shorter than manubrium (mM) of clasper, inserted farther
upwards than in next subsection ; paramere with subapical narrow beak
pointed and curved down ; apex of ventral arm of [X.st. strongly widened.

2. Margin of VII.st. with deep subventral sinus, the lobe below it projecting
much more than the one above it.

7. Stenoponia ivanovi loff & Tiflov, 1934

Genal comb in fourteen males once 10/10, twice 11/10, eleven times I1/II, in
sixteen females once I0/II, once 11/10, seven times 11/11, twice 12/11, and five
times 12/12, i.e. in males 4 sides with 10 and 24 with 11, in females 2 sides with Io,
18 and 11, and 12 with 12. Antepygidials in males eleven times 3/3, twice 4/3,
once 4/2, in females twice 5/4, nine times 5/5, once 5/6, twice 6/5, twice 6/6, i.e. in
males 24 sides with 3, 3 with 4, 1 with 2 (which is quite exceptional in the genus).

g. Manubrium (m) of clasper boat-shaped, being widened ventrally in middle,
a little more than four times as long as it is broad at the widest point. Digitoid
(F) one-sixth shorter than M, its anterior margin apically distinctly slanting distad.
Widened apex of IX.st. obtusely angulate at upper and lower sides, the upper angle
slightly more distinct than the lower one.

Q. VII.st. with a deep subventral sinus, which is separated by a prominent
lobe from a broader, rounded, second sinus, above this a shorter lobe.

HABITAT. Western Siberia: west of Minussinsk and near Urda in Kazakhstan,
on Lagurus lagurus, Cricetulus migratorius, and in nests of Microtus arvalts,

174 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

8. Stenoponia suknevi loff & Tiflov, 1934

Genal comb in seven males twice 10/10, twice I0/II, once 11/ro and twice I1/II,
in ten females twice 11/10, four times 11/11, twice 11/12, twice 12/13, i.e. in males
7 sides with 10 and 7 with 11, in females 2 with 10, 12 with 11, 4 with 12, and 2 with
13. Antepygidials in males once 3/3, once 4/3 five times 4/4, in females once 4/5,
four times 5/5, and once each 5/6, 6/5, 5/7, 6/6 and 6/7, i.e. in males 3 sides with 3,
II with 4, in females 1-with 4, 12 with 5, 5 with 6 and 2 with 7.

g. Manubrium (m) of clasper slender, little widened in middle; digitoid (F)
shorter than in S. zvanovi, only two-thirds the length of M, much broader at base,
more curved, apex rounded ; ventral arm of IX.st. narrower, the widened apex
not angulate, the upper surface extending much farther distad than the lower,
which is evenly and very moderately convex.

Q. VII.st. with a deep and very narrow subventral sinus, at some distance above
which the margin bears a small indentation, no second sinus. Spermatheca much
Jess broad than in S. tvanovt.

HasitaT. Eastern Kazakhstan, on Microtus arvalis.

Subsection A*.—Ashkhabad, Djarkent and Ust-Urt. Rather large fleas. Labial
palp with two segments, basal one short. Eye pigmented. Pronotum
inclusive of comb one-fifth to one-quarter shorter than metanotum. Anterior
section of mesosternosome divided by an internal band-like incrassation
which extends from the lower end of the meral rod obliquely upwards and
forwards to the anterior margin of the segment, the upperside of the band
more or less well defined, whereas its underside gradually fades away (this
band indicated in some of the preceding species). Transparent area of
metepisternum longer than vertically broad. Oral margin less than twice
as long as longest spine of genalcomb. Antepygidials in males 4/4, in females
5/5, 6/5 and 6/6. .

g. Digitoid (F) of even width from near base to apex, which is rounded, longer
than manubrium (m) of clasper.

. On VIII.t. above spiracle on each side about a dozen bristles, of which
four or five posterior ones are stout and long.

9. Stenoponia vlasovi lofi & Tiflov, 1934

Genal comb more acutely angulate than in other species. Metepimere with four
rows of bristles, the anterior one usually incomplete. Segment V of all tarsi (both
sexes) with eight spiniforms on the apical half of the ventral surface (probably
variable). Spinelets on abdominal terga in the aggregate in male 23, in females
23-37.

g. Manubrium of clasper slightly boot-shaped, proportions 30:7. Lower
margin of ventral arm of IX.st. extending farther distad than upper margin.
Proximal end of plate of phallosome round, not pointed, not curved up, as broad as
the plate is in middle (pathological ?).

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 175

2. VII.st. of abdomen with a broad shallow subventral sinus deepest below
middle, the lobe above the sinus rounded, broad. Spermatheca much smaller than
in S. conspecta.

HapsitaT. Ashkhabad, from nests of Spermophilopsis leptodactylus.

In the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) collection, a male and female from Ashkhabad off
Rhombomys opimus, presented by I. Ioff, 3 2 from Djarkent on Meriones tamariscinus
(Riickbeil leg.).

10. Stenoponia conspecta Wagner, 1926
3 Stenoponia solitaria loft & Tiflov, 1934, Rev. Microbiol., Saratov, 12, pp. 201, 204, 206, fig. Io.

Metepimere with three rows of bristles, with one or two additional bristles between
the rows. Segment V of all tarsi (both sexes) with three pairs of spiniforms ventrally
on the apical area. Aggregate of abdominal spinelets in males 42 and 62, in females
50 and 60.

3 Manubrium of clasper broadened, proportions 30 : g—-Io (in figure of solitaria a
little broader). Digitoid (F) more curved than in S. vlasov1. Apical dilatation of
IX.st. nearly as in S. suknevi, the upper margin extending farther distad than the
ventral one, the extreme apex being dorsal.

Q. Subventral sinus of VII.st. deepest near its upper end, the lobe bounding it
pointed. Tail of spermatheca broader than in S. vlasovi, snout more prominent,
body almost as broad as long.

HapitTaT. Djarkent and Ust-Urt, on Rhombomys opimus.

In Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 2 gd and 2 2 from Ust-Urt, presented by I. Ioff, and 1 3
from Djarkent.

Subsection A®.—The single species, from Transbaikalia, differs so much from all
the others that it might be advisable to place it in a separate genus. The
male and female in the British Museum collection are defective, but show
clearly some remarkable distinctions. The spines of the three combs much
shorter than usual. Oral margin much longer than elsewhere, at least three
times as long as the longest genal spine and nearly as long as the genal comb.
Pronotum inclusive of comb shorter than metanotum.

11. Stenoponia singularis loff & Tiflov, 1934

_ A large species. Genal comb with 12-14 spines (loff & Tiflov), in our male genal
comb 11/12, in female 13/13. Labial palp with one segment, which is longer
than the fourth segment of the maxillary palp. First segment of the latter nearly
one-half longer than II and III together, which are shorter than usual. Bristles of
segment II of the antenna more than eight, especially long and numerous in female.
Pronotum with two rows of bristles. Band-like incrassation dividing the anterior
section of mesosternosome sharply defined, sclerotization of underside of band con-
centrated into a stripe extending downwards. Legs shorter than in any other species,
particularly the tarsi, segment IV of hind tarsus being only one-eighth and V one-half

176 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

longer than broad (pedicel excluded), III of hind tarsus in S. vlasovi and S. conspecta
more than thrice as long as apically broad, in S. singularis the proportions are in
male 20:10, in female 15:10. Antepygidials in our male 5/4, in female 6/7.
Sensilium of male transverse, twice as broad as long, in female a little broader than
long and mot convex as in all other species of the genus. Abdominal spinelets in
male too defective, in female on IV 8/11, V 5/10, VI 1/o.

¢d. Digitoid (Fr) of clasper the shortest in Stenoponia, the apical third of its
anterior margin slanting backwards, the tip of the digitoid obtusely pointed.

Q. VIII.t. above spiracle with nine or ten long stout, straight, bristles (besides
many smaller ones) each side. Stylet with three long bristles at apex. Sperma-
theca stout, body one-third longer than broad.

Hapirat. Transbaikalia, on Myotalpa (now Myospalax) myospalax.

In Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) one pair, presented by I. Ioff.

Section II.—The Stenoponia tripectinata complex, ranging from the Azores to Iraq.
The following account is based on some 180 specimens, mounted in Canada
balsam, and on the detailed information most kindly given me by Professor O.
Theodor on the distribution, hosts and geophysical environment of the various
Stenoponia occurring in Israel. The main distinction of the tripectinata complex
from Section I is the gradual extension of the genal comb along the antennal
fossa. A specimen which shows no indication of this development can always
be recognized as belonging here by some other general somatic difference: the
labial palp consists always of one segment ; the oral margin and first segment
of the maxillary palp are of approximately equal length, and the anterior
area of the mesosternosome is divided by a well-defined band-like sclerotiza-
tion into an upper and a lower portion (nearly as in S. singularis Ioff & Tiflov).

Although the lower extreme of variation, without the second angle of the
genal comb, is in several parts of the body very different from the upper
extreme, with 4 spines along the antennal fossa and the eye consequently
pushed upwards to the level of the oesophagus, a division of the available
material into definite populations of closely related specimens leaves a residue
of individuals which take an intermediate position. There is even some
uncertainty about specimens taken off the same host-individual : it is reason-
able to assume that these are members of one brood, i.e. brothers and sisters,
but their morphological differences may be due to mixed parentage and certainty
can only be attained by breeding. The knowledge of the genetics of at least
one population of Stenoponia is greatly to be desired for another reason also.
About a dozen females of various species (Nearctic, Asiatic and Mediterranean)
contain one or two eggs (or remnants of eggs) each (Weiss, 1930, pl. 5), though
never more than two; they are so large that the two of them occupy
about three-fifths of the lumen of the abdomen (Text-fig. 1). The sclerites
of the abdominal segments are not broken up, nor are the intersegmental
membranes enlarged, but there is a special adaptation in the eighth tergum
for facilitating the passage of such a large egg, the posterior portion of the
segment bearing a fold or slit running some distance forwards from the margin,

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 177

Fic. 1. Stenoponia tripectinata acmaea ssp. nov. Sketch of abdomen of femaie, El Mansuriva,
Giza Province, Egypt, to show relative size of eggs.

Fic. 2. Stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata (Tiraboschi). Head of male, Asuni, Sardinia.
ENTOM. 6, 7. 8§

178 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (10911)

which permits the segment to expand. This arrangement and its function
would be worth study when breeding experiments are carried out.

Subsection B!.—Above the point where the left and right oral margins meet there
is a more or less distinctly projecting angle (oral angle) (Text-fig. 2; for
lettering see Text-fig. 3, A); the distance (Ac) of A from the base of the
uppermost spine of the genal comb (c) is longer than the oral margin (cD).
The total number of spinelets on abdominal terga II to VI, counting both
sides together, is more than 30 in both sexes.

Fic. 3. Stenoponia tripectinata acmaea ssp. nov. Head of male paratype, El Mansuriya,
Giza Province, Egypt.

Group b!.—We unite here all the populations in which at most one spine is
moved upward at the antennal fossa out of line with the preceding ones.
Pronotal comb varying in the male from 35 to 40 spines (average 37) and
abdominal comb from 32 to 38 spines (average 35); in the female the
pronotal comb from 36 to 43 spines (average 37) and abdominal comb
35-41 (average 35).

1. Stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata Tiraboschi, 1902

The nomenclatorially typical (or nominate) subspecies is, in this case, also the
most primitive one. Ac longer than cp (Text-fig. 2). Variation of genal comb in

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

179

Fics. 4-11. Genal comb in specimens of various subspecies of Stenoponia tripectinata.
4, 5. Left and right sides, respectively, of a male S. ¢. tripectinata from Hammam-
Meskoutine, Algeria. 6. Female S. t. tripectinata, St. Michael, Azores. 7. Male holo-
type of S. ¢. tenax ssp. nov. 8. Male paratype of S. ¢. megaerva ssp. nov. g. Male
paratype of S. ¢. tingitana ssp. nov. 10. Male paratype of S. ¢. tingitana ssp. nov.
11. Female paratype of S. t. acmaea ssp. nov.

180 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

male 11/12, 12/11 (Text-figs. 4, 5), 12/12, 12/13, 13/12, 13/13, in female 11/12, 12/11,
12/12, 12/13, 13/12, 13/13, 13/14, 14/13, 14/14 (Text-fig. 6); of antepygidial
bristles in male 3/3, 3/4, 4/4, 4/5, in female 4/4, 5/4, 5/5. Total number of abdo-
minal spinelets of each individual varying in male from 49 to 70 (average 59) and

Fic. 12. Stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata (Tiraboschi).
Terminalia of male, Asuni, Sardinia.

and in female from 42 to 67 (average 54). Number of small spiniforms on apical
area of underside of tarsal segment V* varying in male on fore and mid tarsi from
6 to g (usually 6 or 7), on hind tarsus 4-6 (average 5-2), in female on fore and mid
tarsi from 4 to 6 (usually 5), on hind tarsus from 2 to 5 (usually 4).

* The position of segment V on the slide is more often unfavourable than favourable for the exact

counting of the spiniforms, the numbers of spiniforms are usually higher in males than in females and
on fore and mid tarsi than on hind tarsus.

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 181

In the male (Text-figs. 12, 15-17) the widened apical portion of the morphologically
ventral branch of IX.st. bent backwards, contrasting in direction with the narrow
proximal portion of the branch and varying much in the degree of convexity of the
upperside ; the sclerite (crotchet plate) placed at the side of the terminal tube of
the ejaculatory duct varies in size and shape in this and nearly all other populations
of tripectinata, usually bearing a longish crotchet at the lower angle pointing
obliquely down and sometimes a short one at the upper angle ; subapical lobe of
paramere more or less curved down at end. Abdominal tergum VI of male with one

Fics. 13, 14. Combs of abdomen in males of Stenoponia tripectinata sspp. 13. S. t. tri-
pectinata (Tiraboschi), Hammam-Meskoutine, Algeria. 14. S. ¢. megaera ssp. nov.

holotype.

or more spinelets, most of which are lateral, situated above the spiracle of VILt.,
which shines through VI (Text-fig. 13).

Hasitat. St. Michael, Azores, roth March, 1903, on Mus (probably “ mouse ”’),
W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, 4 2; Porto Santo, Madeira, T. V. Wollaston, 1 9; Asuni,
Sardinia, 1910, on Mus (probably ‘‘ Maus’ = mouse) and under a stone, A. H.
Krausse, 2 3, 3 2; Portici, S. Italy, 1917, on Pitymys savit, Dr. Nello Mori, 1 9 ;
Malcoci, Romania, 19th December, 1906, on Mus (probably “ mouse ’’), A. Rettig ;
Dobrogea, Romania, 1913, on Apodemus sylvaticus, W. Facius, 1 2; Adana, S.
Anatolia, Turkey, January, 1907, on Mus musculus, and March 1907, on Sorex
sp., B. H. Boyadjian, 7 g, 6 9; Khenchela, east end of Aurés Mts., Algeria, May

182 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

1912, on “ Mus algirus’”’ (error for Mus musculus, wild form), K. Jordan, 7 4,
3 9; Hammam Meskoutine, west of Guelma, Algeria, April 1914, on Mus musculus
(wild form) and Arvicanthis (now Lemniscomys) barbarus, K. Jordan, 9 3, 10 9.

Considering that the extent of the variation of the topotypical population of this
unstable flea is not known (the holotype, from Rome, having perished and there
being in the British Museum collection only a single nearly topotypical female,
from Portici), and that we have only one or a few specimens from six of the nine
places mentioned above, splitting up Group b! into several subspecies would be
premature. The analysis of the characters of the twenty-six males and twenty-
nine females here recorded hints at the possibility that, on receipt of adequate
collections from a greater number of localities in the large area in which this flea
occurs, one or two new subspecies may become definable. The percentages of males
with different numbers of antepygidial bristles (3, 4 or 5) suggest the following
combinations of localities : (1) Azores, Madeira, Sardinia, Italy, Moldavia and other
localities north of the Mediterranean Sea (in male 87% with 4 and 13% with 5,
none with 3). (2) Algeria (Hammam Meskoutine and Khenchela) (in male 10%
with 3 and 90% with 4, in female 100% with 5). (3) Adana (in male 50% with 3
and 50% with 4, in female 50% with 4 and 50% with 5; moreover, the extreme
of dorsal convexity of the club-end of IX.st. of the male occurs (Text-fig. 17) in the
Adana series.

Group b?.—Two spines at the upper end of the genal comb are above the align-
ment of the comb. Three subspecies.

2. Stenoponia tripectinata tenax subsp. nov.

In our few specimens (three males, one female) the labial palp of the male is
approximately one-fifth shorter than the first segment of the maxillary palp and
one-eighth shorter than the oral margin, in the female one-fourth and one-fifth
respectively, the proportion in numerals (labial palp = 1) in male 1: 1-23 and
I: 1-13, and in female 1: 1-34 and 1: 1-25. The width ac of the ante-antennal
(frontal) section of the head varies from a little shorter to a little longer than one
and a half times the oral margin (Ap), the proportions being 1: 1-48 in male and
I:1°55 in female; ap shorter than BD. Variation of genal comb in male 12/13
(holotype, Text-fig. 7), 13/12, 13/12, in the single female 13/13. Antepygidials in
male 3/3, 3/3, 3/4, in female 5/5. Number of spines in pronotal comb of male
35-36, and in abdominal comb 30-33 (these numbers a little lower than in S. ¢. t71-
pectinata) ; in female pronotal comb with 36, abdominal comb with 38. Total
number of abdominal spinelets in the three males 50, 56 (average 54), in the female
54 (more than in the following subspecies) ; the spinelets on tergum V of the males
number 6/6, 6/6 and 7/7, those on VI 1/3, o/z (lateral) and 1/o, in the female 5/6
on V. Spiniforms on apical area of underside of tarsal segment V more numerous
than in S. ¢. tripectinata, in male on fore tarsus 8-13 (average 9°8), mid tarsus
10-12 (average 11-3), hind tarsus 6-8 (average 6-4), in female 7, 6 and 6,

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 183

Figs. 15-25. Expanded apical part of ninth sternum in males of different subspecies
of Stenoponia tripectinata. 15, 16. S. t. tripectinata (Tiraboschi), Hammam-Meskou-
tine, Algeria. 17. S. ¢. tripectinata (Tiraboschi), Adana, Anatolia, Turkey. 18.
S. t. tenax ssp. nov., paratype. 19. S.¢. barcana ssp. nov., holotype. 20. S. t. tingitana
ssp. nov., holotype. 21. S. ¢. tingitana ssp. nov., paratype. 22. S. t. insperata (Weiss),
Bir Mellah, Tunisia. 23. S. ¢. separata ssp. nov., holotype. 24. S. t. thinophila ssp.
nov., holotype. 25. S. ¢. acmaea ssp. nov., paratype, El Mansuriya, Giza Province,

Egypt.

184 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

IX.st. of male similar to that of S. t¢. tripectinata, broken off and lost in one specimen,
longer and the dorsal side less incurved in the other paratype than in the holotype
(Text-fig. 18); lower angle of crotchet-plate in two males with a fairly long
crochet directed downwards, upper angle effaced, in third male the crotchet plate
similar to that of Text-fig. 26 but smaller, the lower crotchet shorter and the upper
one more distinct; subterminal lateral lobe of the paramere curved down at the end.

HaBitaT. Guelt-es-Stel, roughly midway between Boghari and Djelfa, Algeria,
3 3 (including holotype) on 23rd April, 1912, and 1 9 on 21st May, 1912, off Meriones
shawi, K. Jordan. This is the only place on the high plateau westward of Batna
from which we have any fleas.

Fic. 26. Terminalia of male holotype of Stenoponia tripectinata megaera ssp. nov.

3. Stenoponia tripectinata megaera subsp. nov.

The definition of this subspecies is based on the specimens from Djebel Mourdjadjo,
Oran. Labial palp longer than in S. tripectinata tenax, as long as the oral margin or
a fraction shorter, taking its length as 1, the proportions with the first segment of
the maxillary palp and with the oral margin are in the male I: 1-07 and 1: 0:97,
and in the female 1: 1-04 and 1: 1-or. Variation of the genal combs in the male
11/11 (Text-fig. 8), two with 12/12, two with 12/13, in female 11/12, four with

FHE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 185

12/12, five with 13/13, two with 14/13. Width Ac of frontal portion of head usually
one-half longer than AD, the difference very rarely sinking to four-elevenths of Ap.
As in S. tripectinata tenax, AD is smaller than Bc and is less than half Bp. Ante-
pygidials in our males 4/4, in eleven of the twelve mounted females (one defective)

or

wa
Ms

MKS
Re

Fic. 27. Tip of abdomen of female of Stenoponia tripectinata megaera ssp. nov.

three with 5/5, one with 6/5, five with 6/6, one each with 7/6, 7/7 ; the prevalence of
six and seven in a set of antepygidials (68% against 32°%% with five) characterizes this
subspecies, the high numbers not occurring elsewhere in the S. tripectinata complex
except in Morocco. Total numbers of abdominal spinelets varying in the males from
41 to 49 (average 47), in the females from 36 to 52 (average 43). Spinelets on V.t.
in male 3/2, 4/4, 4/2 (Text-fig. 14), 4/4, 3/3 (average of totals for both sides 6-6,

186 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

much lower than in S. tripectinata tenax, for which it is 12-7), on VI.t. three with 1/o,
twelve with 1/1, in female spinelets on V.t. varying from 1/1 to 4/4 (average of
totals 4:83). Spiniforms on apical area of underside of segment V of fore and mid
tarsi 6-10 (average 8-5), on hind tarsus 5-6 (average 5-3), in female on fore and mid
tarsi 6-8 (average 7), on hind tarsus 4-6 (average 5:6).

In the male (Text-fig. 12) the enlarged apical part of IX.st. dorsally more or less
strongly convex, its apical margin slanting downwards and backwards, the most
distal point being ventral or subventral; subterminal lobe of paramere not turned
down at end, lower crotchet exceptionally long, straight, upper one short.

Female with tip of abdomen as in Text-fig. 26. Spermatheca (Text-figs. 27, 28)
very variable in length of tail, distance between two parallel lines, one touching the
tail at the anterior curve and the other at the tip, 16-22 units.

HABITAT. Dyjebel Mourdjadjo (behind Port Oran), Oran Province, Algeria,
April 1913, on Dipodillus campestris, Alan Ruddle, 5 ¢ (including the holotype),
12:0:

Fics. 28, 29. Spermatheca in female paratypes of Stenoponta tripectinata megaera ssp. nov.

Five males and three females, recently received from the Pasteur Institute at
Casablanca and collected off Dipodillus campestris in the Nefifik Forest 33 km.
NE. of Casablanca by Dr. J. Bruneau, are very similar to the Mourdjadjo population,
but in all eight specimens the left genal comb has the same numer of spines as
the right one, instead of three heads being asymmetrical in the combs as
identity would demand. That raises the question whether the specimens with
genal combs arranged symmetrically (like 11/11 and 12/12) are to be treated as
taxonomically identical with the asymmetrical ones (11/12 and 12/11). The
point will be dealt with in Subsection B*, where asymmetry of this kind is con-
spicuous. The series from Morocco further differs in the antepygidials of the five
males consisting of three sets of 3 and seven of 4, whereas in the Oran males they are
all sets of 4; in the three Moroccan females they are 6/6, 6/5 and 5/4, none with
4 occurring in our twelve Oran females. Moreover, in this female with 5/4 there
is on the left side of VI.t a distinct spinelet, the specimen being the only exception
in our collection to the rule that in the S. tvipectinata complex VI.t. has no spinelet
in the female, and there is the additional difference that the average of spinelets on

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 187

V.t. is in the males 7-6 and in the females 6-0, as compared with the Oran averages
of 6:6 in male and 4:8 in female ; variation in the individual totals of spinelets in
the males is 40-52 (average 47), in females 36-49 (average 41, the high number in
the aberrant third female). The distinctions are of no great weight and they
may be negatived on receipt of more Moroccan material; perhaps they indicate
only that the eight specimens deviate partially from the Oran series, and for the time
being, therefore, they may be referred to as Moroccan megaera.

4. Stenoponia tripectinata barcana subsp. nov.

_ Forehead shorter than in the three preceding subspecies, approaching in pro-
portions the Gerbillus-flea of Subsection B?. Frontal tubercle not quite effaced ;
in male Ac (measured both sides, 27/28 and 29/26) at most one-eighth longer than
AD and AD a fifth longer than Bc and less than two units longer than half BD ; cp
equal to AD or one unit longer. Labial palp as in S. tripectinata megaera, somewhat
longer than in S. tripectinata tenax. Genal combs in males 11/11 and 12/12, in
both females 13/13. Antepygidials in both males 3/3, in females 4/4 and 5/5.
Pronotum inclusive of comb as long as metanotum or one unit shorter. Totals of
abdominal spinelets in males 32 and 44, in females 36 and 43, the averages (38 and
39°5) lower than in tenax and megaera. Males with spinelets on V.t. 3/2 and 5/3,
on VI.t. o/o and r/o. Spiniforms on apical area of underside of segment V of tarsi
in male 9-10 on fore and mid tarsi, 6 on hind tarsus, in female 6 on fore tarsus, 5 and
6 on mid tarsus, 4 and 5 on hind tarsus.

Dilated apex of ventral arm of IX.st. of male (Text-fig. 19) rather strongly convex
on the upperside, apical margin rounded, without angle, most distal point below
middle, rather closely resembling Text-fig. 17. Crotchet-plate small, crotchets
vestigial. Heel of manubrium of clasper gradually widened, less abruptly than in
megaera.

The slanting upper margin of the lobe above the subventral sinus of VII.st. of
the female somewhat abruptly incurved.

HasitTaT. Barca (or Barka) peninsula, Cyrenaica, Libya, April 1946, on Spalax
ehrenbergi aegyptiacus, Major W. Scott, two pairs (holotype a male).

Group b*.—Three or four spines of the genal comb placed at the margin of the
antennal fossa, sometimes the base of the lowest of these spines not com-
pletely above the preceding one. The number of spines in the genal
combs varies in the male from 11 to 14 (not 15) and in the female from
13 to 15 (but 15 occurring only on one side of very few specimens). Pale
area of metepisternum always distinctly longer than vertically broad.
AD smaller than half Bp and equal to Bc (+ I or 2 units), Ac one-sixth to a
half longer than AD, usually one-third or a quarter.

5. Stenoponia tripectinata tingitana subsp. nov.

Labial palp less than two-thirds the length of oral margin. Genal comb in male
12/12 (Text-fig. 9), two with 13/14, 14/14 (Text-fig. 10), in female 14/13. Pro-

188 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R.. (1911)

notum inclusive of comb a little shorter than metanotum (12:13 in male, 14: 17
in female, + 1). Spines in pronotal comb in male 33-36 (average 34:25), of abdo-
minal comb 30-34 (average 31), in female 37 and 36. Variation of totals of
abdominal spinelets in males 34, 50, 29, 36 (average 37:25), which is less than in
the four preceding subspecies) ; in female 36. In male spinelets on V.t. 3/1, 4/2,
0/1, 1/1, total 13 (a low number), on VI.t. 1/o and three with o/o ; in female on V.t.
2/3, on VI.t.o/o. Antepygidials in males three with 3/3, one with 4/4, in female 5/5.
Spiniforms on apical area of underside of segment V of tarsi in males 9-12 (usually
10, average 10:2) on fore and mid tarsi, on hind tarsus 6.

Dorsal surface of dilated apical portion of ventral arm of IX.st. of male extending
farther distad than underside (Text-fig. 20), the greater portion of the long setae
ventral and subventral, but in one of the four males (Text-fig. 21) the dorsal side
much more convex than in the holotype (Text-fig. 20), the bristles more terminal
but well below the level of the highest dorsal point. Crotchet-plate small, its
margin incurved in the holotype and its lower angle with a short sharp crotchet, the
outlines in the other males less distinct.

HapitatT. Rabelais, near Orléansville (close to the border of Oran province),
Algeria, January 1930, in nest of Meriones shawi, H. Heim de Balzac, 4 ¢ (including
holotype), 1 @.

6. Stenoponia tripectinata insperata Weiss, 1930 ; Wagner, 1932 ;
Wagner & Wassilieff, 1933 ; Stenopia tripectinata, Jordan, 1931.

The late Monsieur Weiss assumed that the left and right sides of the flea he described
were identical. Counting the left-side spines and spinelets, he simply doubled the
numbers; hence his statement that in the female—he described first the female
and then the male, following the habit of the geneticists—the head bears a comb of
28 spines, and in the male of 26. In 1932 Wagner corrected some of Weiss’s errors
and added some details, but the head figured as that of a female is that of a male,
and what he referred to as abdominal tergites IV and V were evidently V and VI.
Fortunately Wagner sent us, in exchange, three males and four females of the series
collected by Wassilieff. As Wagner used the small continental slides, the Stenoponia,
like other mounted fleas received from him, were remounted at Tring and unfortu-
nately suffered much in the process, only two of them being in fair order. Wagner's
collection having been destroyed, no other specimens are available for an attempt
to characterize S. tripectinata insperata.

Measurements of head: in male AD = BC or one unit shorter, AC approximately
two-fifths longer than AD (on average as 24:17); CD nearly as long as AC (average
of AD: CD as 17:22). Variation of genal comb in male 12/13, 13/12, 13/13; in
female three with 14/14, one with 14/15, or in male 33% of combs with 12, 67% —
with 13 ; in female 87% with 14 and 13% with 15. Antepygidials in all three males
3/3; in all four females 4/4. As there is some uncertainty in the descriptions by
Weiss (1930) and Wagner (1932) about the number of abdominal spinelets, particu-
larly as regards terga IV to VI, we give here our counts in full for both sexes :

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 189

Tergite Tergite
cs “~ i | t= x Y\
Th PEL. AM Vv VI i fat- “atv Vv VI
ae os. FTF G2 als. 33. 9/2 eo OS 716 715. 2]4 > o/0
7/8 7/6 6/5 3/2 oft 8/6 7/5 6/6 5/2 ofo
6/7 7/6 6/5 4/2 of: 716: S/O G30 7 2/e) oe

9/5 5/6 6/6 2/1? ojo

Totals in male: 44, 45, 44 (average 44:3), in female: 46, 46, ?, 40 ? (average 44 ?).
Variation of length of pronotum plus comb in male 29-33 units (average 31), of
metanotum 34-38 (average 36) ; in female pronotum plus comb 34-40 (average 38),
metanotum 37-47 (average 42). Number of spines of pronotal comb varying in
male from 33 to 35 (average 34), abdominal comb from 29 to 32 (average 31) ; in
female pronotal comb from 34 to 36 (average 35), abdominal comb from 31 to 39
(average 35). Spiniforms on apical area of underside of tarsal segment V (countable
accurately on only a few tarsi) in male 7-10 (average 8-2) on fore and mid tarsi,
6~7 (usually 6) on hind tarsi; in female 6 on mid tarsi, 6 (more rarely 5) on hind
tarsi.

Terminalia of male: manubrium of clasper without heel, its length 22 units,
digitoid (F) 27; dilated apex of ventral branch of [X.st. (Text-fig. 22) dorsally
more convex than its ventral surface is concave, not subcircular in outline, its
apical margin rounded, the long bristles below the highest point of upperside ;
crotchet-plate as broad as long, its outer margin incurved, at lower angle with
sharply pointed broad short crotchet, upper end without crotchet ; subapical
lateral lobe of paramere rounded at apex.

HABITAT. Carthage area, Tunis, on Gerbillus campestris, Bir Mellah, Kairouan
area, Tunisia, November 1931, on Meriones shawi (in enormous quantity in the nest
according to Wagner & Wassilieff, 1933) and Dipodillus campestris; in British
Museum (Nat. History) 3 4, 4 9.

We interpolate here, as S. tvipectinata subsp., a pair from Biskra, South Algeria,
taken by J. Steinbach on Meriones shawi in February—March 1908. The male is
larger than the female and the genal combs are in the male 14/14 and in the female
13/13, from which it might be reasonable to conclude that the number of genal
spines depends on the size of the specimen, which is contradicted by many instances.
A pair of the next subspecies, for example, stated by the collector to have been
collected on Arvicola, differ in the spines of the genal comb being in the male 14/14
and in the female 13/14, but the male is the smaller of the two, Ap being I9 units
long in the male and 23 in the female, the pronotum plus comb 34 in the male and
38 in the female.

Antepygidials of Biskra male 3/3, of the female 5/4. Spines in pronotal comb
of male 38, of abdominal comb 38, in female 36 and 37 respectively. Length of
pronotum plus comb in male 40 units, of metanotum 44, in female 36 and 41. Spine-
lets on abdominal terga in male on II 8/8, III 8/7, IV 6/6, V 6/4, VI 0/1; in female
on II 7/7, III 8/7, 1V 6/7, V 1/1, VI o/o; totals 54 in male, 44in female. Spiniforms
on underside of tarsal segment V in male 11 on mid tarsus, in female 6 on fore tarsus
and 5 on hind tarsus (the other tarsi imperfect or in a bad position).

190 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

Terminalia of male nearly as in S. ¢t. insperata, dilated apex of [X.st. ventrally
more rounded and expanded, but still much less convex than on dorsal side ;
crotchets indicated.

7. Stenoponia tripectinata medialis subsp. nov.

According to the accounts of S. ¢. imsperata given by Weiss, Wagner & Wassilieff,
and the study of our seven specimens of that subspecies, the fleas we have from
Rehoboth in Israel differ markedly from imsperata in the genal combs, the ante-
pygidials, abdominal spinelets and, in the female, the tarsal spiniforms.

Of our six males of medialis, two have 13/13 spines in the genal combs, one has
13/14 and three have 14/14, none having 12 spines; put in percentages, there are
42% with 13 spines and 58% with 14. Of the five females, one has 13/13 spines,
one 13/14, two 14/14 and one 14/15; in percentages 30% with 13 spines, 60% with
14 and 10% with 15. Instead of the three antepygidials found in the male of
S. t. insperata and four in the female of that subspecies, there are in the six males of
S. t. medialis four with 3/3, one with 3/4 and one 4/3, and in the seven females
(including two of which Professor O. Theodor has given me the details) three with
4/4 bristles, two with 5/4 and two with 5/5, or 57% of sets of antepygidial bristles
in the female with four bristles and 43% with five. Aggregate of the spinelets on
abdominal terga II to VI of each male individual 43, 37, 39, 39, 35, 37 (average 38),
in female 31, 32, 38, 37, 25, 18, 34 (average 31) ; the aggregate of 18 is exceptionally
small and points to Subsection B?, where such low averages for the spinelets are
normal, The variation in the number of spinelets on the homologous terga is as
follows in the six males: on II from 12 to 14, total number 80, average 13°3, on III
frorn 11 to 12, total 57, average 9:5, on IV from 8 to Io, total 51, average 8-5, on
V from 4 to 7, total 29, average 4:8, on VI 0-2, total 4, average 0-67 ; in the seven
females on II from 7 to 15, total 84, average 12, on III from 7 to 14, total 71, average
10-1, on IV from 4 to I0, total 47, average 6°8, on V from 0 to 5, total 17, average 2°4,
on VI none. Spinelets of each of the six males: on V 4/2, 2/2, 2/1, 2/3, 2/2, 3/4, on
VI 1/1, 1/0, o/o, o/o, 1/0; in the seven females on V 0/2, 1/0, 3/1, 0/1, 1/3, 0/0, 3/2,
on VI o/o in all specimens. It should be noted that one female has no spinelets on
V and that in three others one side is devoid of them, and further that the average
of spinelets on segment V of the seven specimens is only one-fifth the corresponding
average for segment II. The number of spines in the pronotal comb varies in the
male from 31 to 34 (average 32-7) and in the female from 31 to 36 (average 32) ;
variation in the number of spines in the abdominal comb in the male is from 31 to
36 (average 32-3), and in the female from 31 to 39 (average 34:4). Length of
pronotum plus comb in male 32—36 units (average 34) ; length of metanotum 38-42
(average 41); in female pronotum inclusive of comb 36-39 units (average 37°5),
metanotum 45-49 (average 46-8). Number of spiniforms on underside of tarsal
segment V in male 8-12 (usually more than ro) on fore and mid tarsi, 5—9 on hind
tarsus (usually 6, rarely 5), in female fore and mid tarsi with 6 (rarely 7), hind tarsus
usually with 4 and less often 5 (there are also 4 spiniforms in S. t. tripectinata).

Terminalia of male similar to those of S. ¢. insperata, widened apical portion of

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 19t

lower arm of IX.st. dorsally convex as in insperata but variable, in one male slenderer
than in Text-fig. 17, broadest in male off Arvicola; crotchet shorter than outer
margin of crotchet-plate.

Hasitat. Rehoboth, near Jaffa, Israel, 8th February, 1914 on Meriones shawi
tvistramt, and 1st January, 1914 on “ Avvicola”’, J. Aharoni, 6 3, 5 2; holotype
a male with 14/14 spines in the genal comb, off Meriones.

Two females (one of them at Tring) from Hadassim, Israel, are referred here
provisionally. Their genal combs are of 13/13 and 14/14 spines, their antepygidial
bristles 3/3 and 4/4, and the totals of their abdominal spinelets 33 and 26.

8. Stenoponia tripectinata spinellosa subsp. nov.

In four males and three females the variations of the proportions of the head are
as follows: in male AD 18-21 units (average 19°5), AC 23-25 (average 24), BC I7-21
(average 19°3), CD 22-23 (average 22°8), BD 43-45 (average 44:3); in female AbD
22-23 (average 22°3), AC 26-28 (average 27), BC 23, CD 27-28 (average 27-7), BD 52.
Length of pronotum plus comb in male 30-33 (average 31°5), of metanotum 36-40
(average 38); in female pronotum plus comb 39-42 (average 40-3), metanotum
45-48 (average 46-9). Spines of pronotal comb in male 34-37 (average 35:8), in
female 38 ; spines of abdominal comb in male 31-36 (average 34:3), in female 34-38
(average 36) ; spiniforms on underside of tarsal segment V in male 8 (rarely 7) on
fore and mid tarsi, 6-8 (usually 8) on hind tarsus; in female 6 (more rarely 7) on
fore and mid tarsi, 6 (rarely 5) on hind tarsus.

Inclusive of information received from Professor O. Theodor on additional speci-
mens (five males, seven females) the following account is based on nine males, ten
females from near the foot of Mount Carmel. One male has 12/11 spines in the genal
combs of the two sides, three 12/12, two 13/12, two 13/13 and one 12/14; in percen-
tages 5:5% of combs have 11 spines, 56% have 12, 33% 13 and 5:5% 14 spines ;
in the female sex one has 12/12 spines, one 12/13, seven 13/13 and one 14/13 ; expressed
in percentages 15°%, of combs contain 12 spines, 80% have 13 and 5% 14 spines.
The difference of 2 spines in the left and right genal combs of one of the specimens is
remarkable ; this condition occurs very rarely. The number of antepygidials does
not vary individually, being 3/3 bristles in the male and 4/4 in the female. The
spinelets of abdominal terga II to V are surprisingly numerous, the aggregate on
each of the nine males being 49, 57, 45, 47, 52, 57, 55, 64, 59 (average 54), in the ten
females 51, 46, 50, 63, 54, 48, 68, 48, 64, 59 (average 55); similar high averages
occur in the Algerian populations of S. ¢. tripectinata but the sets of antepygidial
bristles in these latter nearly all contain four bristles in the male (93% with four,
only 7% with three) and all contain five bristles in the female.

Some other points of interest become very obvious when the totals of spinelets
on corresponding segments are compared with each other and with the numbers in
preceding populations: the variation on II in the nine males extends from 15 to 17
(total 150; average 16-7), on III from 11 to 17 (total 132; average 14-7), on IV
from 11 to 14 (total 114; average 12-7), on V from 7 to 11 (total 77; average 8-6),

192 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

on VI from o to 1 (total 3; average 0-3); in the ten females the variation on II
is from 15 to 21 (total 183 ; average 18-3), on III from 14 to Ig (total 160; average
16), on IV from ro to 17 (total 140; average 14), on V from 5 to 11 (total 69;
average 6:9), on VI always 0. The female as well as the male has spinelets on both
sides of tergum V, and only three of the males have only one spinelet on one side of
this tergum (and six or more on the other). A comparison of the averages of the
numbers of spinelets on the corresponding terga in S. ¢. medialis and S. t. spinellosa
is given below :

Tergite Tergite
Ew ees oe Ue
f~ pea or p |
II III IV mr USE II III IV Vo
medialis . Gg . 13°3 9°5 8°5 4:8 0°67 f°] 12 10'1 6:8 2°4 0
stinellosa . 16°97 14:7 12°7 8:6 ©*§ 2 18-3 16 14 6-9 0

Terminalia of male similar to those of S. ¢. medialis, but the dilated apex of the
ventral arm of [X.st. a little more round-convex distally, slightly approaching
symmetry.

HapitaT. Mishmar Haemek (or Mishmar Ha’emeq, about 7 km. from the foot of
Mt. Carmel), Israel, 7th December, 1952, on Meriones shawi tristramt (M. Costa leg.),
a series in the collection of the Department of Parasitology, Hebrew University
of Jerusalem ; holotype and some paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History).
Holotype a male with 12 genal spines each side, 51 abdominal spinelets and no
spinelet on tergum VI. In the collection of the University of Jerusalem there are
two females from near Jerusalem (Aqua Bella) which evidently belong here, but the
total of abdominal spinelets in one of them is only 41 and there is only 1 spinelet
on tergum V.

9. Stenoponia tripectinata irakana subsp. nov.

The three specimens (one male, two females) we possess are characterized by the
number of spines in all six genal combs being 14, and the counts of abdominal
spinelets 46 in the male and 52 and 56 in the females.

Proportions of head : in both sexes AD shorter than Ac, than CD and than half Bb.
Number of spines in pronotal comb 36 in the male, 38 and 37 in the females ; in
the abdominal comb 35 in the male, 35 and 38 in the females. Length of pronotum,
including comb, 37 units in male, 38 and 39 in the females, of mesonotum 45 in the
male, 44 and 47 in the females, of metanotum 44 in the male, 46 and 49 in the
females, of abdominal tergum I inclusive of comb 35 in male, 35 and 39 in females.
Antepygidials as in S. ¢. spinellosa, 3/3 in male, 4/4 in both females. Spiniforms
on ventral surface of tarsal segment V in male 11-13 on fore tarsus, 12 on mid
tarsus, 7 on hind tarsus ; females with 6 and 7 on fore and mid tarsi and 6 on hind
tarsus.

Apex of ventral arm of st.IX of male almost symmetrical, proximally of the
broadest point more incurved ventrally than dorsally.

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 193

Hasitat. Karradit Marion, Baghdad, Iraq, 28th January, 1953, I ¢ (type)
from Mus musculus praetextus and New Baghdad Race Track, Baghdad, Iraq,
5th February, 1953, 1 9 from Gerbillus lofthusi, C. A. Hubbard ; Haur al Hasa, west
bank of Euphrates SW. of Faluja, Iraq, from Jaculus jaculus lofthusi, December
1954, I 2, D. L. Harrison.

10. Stenoponia tripectinata separata subsp. nov.

Particularly distinguished by the narrowness of the club of IX.st. of the male.
Proportions of head in male: AD Ig, AC 23, BC 19, CD 22, BD 42; in female: AD 23,
AC 29, BC 2I, CD 30, BD 53. Number of spines in the genal comb in males 12/13
and 13/13 (type), in the only female 14/15. Antepygidials 3/3 in both males, 4/4
in the female. Number of spinelets on abdominal terga of male holotype 7/7 on II,
6/6 on III, 6/5 on IV, 3/3 on V, none on VI (total 43), in the second male 7/7 on II,
6/6 on III, 5/6 on IV, 4/4 on V, none on VI (total 45) ; female with 8/9 on II, 8/8
on III, 6/6 on IV, 3/4 on V, none on VI (total 52). Number of spines in pronotal
comb of both the male and the female from the Mersa Matruh area 36, of the abdo-
minal comb 32 in the male and 36 in the female ; second male with 38 spines in the
pronotal comb and 35 in the abdominal one. Length of pronotum plus comb in
the male from the Mersa Matruh area 33 units, in the female 40, mesonotum 38 in
the male and 48 in the female, metanotum 37 in the male and 45 in the female,
abdominal tergum I plus comb 29 in the male and 37 in the female ; corresponding
measurements in the second male 35, 40, 40 and 32. Number of spiniforms on
tarsal segment V of the male holotype 12 on fore tarsus, ro (?) on mid tarsus, 7 on
hind tarsus ; female with 6, 6/6 and 6 respectively ; all legs of second male defective.

Club of ventral arm of IX.st. of male similar to that of S. ¢. barcana but narrower
(Text-fig. 23), very little broader in second male than in holotype ; length of digitoid
(F) 29 units, of manubrium (mM) 26, and of ventral margin of VIII sternum from
the point of division into left and right lateral lobes proximad to the pit of the
nearest long bristle 14 units, i.e. longer than in the subspecies following.

HasitatT. Thirty-seven miles west of Mersa Matruh, Western Desert Province,
Egypt, 13th January, 1933, 1 ¢ (holotype), 1 9, and 19 miles east of Sidi Barrani,
Western Desert Province, 1 ¢. Both the localities are on the north-west coast
of Egypt and the second locality is about 52 miles from Matruh. As the specimens
were collected from burrows of undetermined rodents, by H. Hoogstraal, it seems
possible that the rodent may have been Spalax ehrenbergi, which occurs from
Cyrenaica (eastern Libya) through Lower Egypt to Israel and Syria.*

Subsection B?.—Head (Fig. 3) anteriorly much more rounded than in Subsection B',
the frontal angle vestigial or effaced. Oral margin, AD, as long as or longer
than AC, rarely one or two units shorter than Act. The average of the total

* Mr. Hoogstraal kindly tells us that he thinks the very characteristic burrows of Spalax would have
been recognized and that it is more probable that the owners of the burrows were either Meriones shawi
or Psammomys obesus.

¢ It is sometimes necessary to measure both sides of the head and take the average of these measure-
ments as the true length,

194 THE TAXONOMY: OF ('STENOPONTALY. (oR iets)

number of spinelets on abdominal terga II to V of the specimens of a subspecies
is 30 or less; VI without spinelets in either sex. Club of IX.st. of male
almost symmetrical as in S. ¢. insperata and S. t. ivakana. Three subspecies.

Group b*.—Number of spines of the genal comb in the majority of specimens of
both sexes 14, none of either sex with 16. Abdominal tergum V in both
sexes with one or two spinelets on at least one side. Average totals of
spinelets in our two males 29, in three females 29-3 ; average number of
spinelets on IV in male 6, in female 6-7.

11. Stenoponia tripectinata blanda subsp. nov.

Proportions of head in male holotype (those for male paratype in brackets) :
AD 18 units (21), AC Ig (20), BC 17 (19), CD 23 (24), BD 40 (43). In three females
AD 20, 21 and 22 respectively, Ac 21, 21 and 22, BC Ig, 20 and 21, CD 23, 25 and 26,
BD 43, 45 and 46. Spinelets on abdominal terga in holotype male 7/6 on II, 6/5
on III, 4/4 on IV, 0/1 on V, total 33 ; in second male 5/6, 4/4, 2/2 and 1/1, total 25 ;
average total number of spinelets for the two males 29. Spinelets in the three
females 6/5, 5/6 and 6/6 on II, 4/4, 4/5 and 7/5 on III, 2/3, 3/3 and 5/4 on IV, o/1, 1/1
and 0/2 on V, totals for the three individuals 25, 28 and 35 (average 29°3). The
aggregate number of spinelets on tergum IV of the two males is 12 (average 6) and
in the three females the aggregate is 20 (average 6-7), while in the two subspecies
which follow the average number of spinelets on IV is half (male) or less than half
(female) the number found in blanda. Spines of pronotal comb of male 15/15 and
17/17, in females 18/18, 18/17 and 17/19. Dorsal length in males of pronotum
plus comb 28 and 30, of mesonotum 34 and 36, of metanotum 36 in both, of tergum I
of abdomen including comb 28 and 30; corresponding figures for the three females
are pronotum with comb 33, 32 and 30, mesonotum 41, 40 and 35, metanotum 42,
40 and 37, tergum I with comb 35, 35 and 34. Number of spiniforms on apical
area of underside of tarsal segment V in males ?/? and 8/9 on fore tarsus, 7/7 and
?/? on mid tarsus, 6/6 and 6/6 on hind tarsus; in females ?/?, 6/7 and ?/6 on fore
tarsus, 7/6, ?/6 and 6/6 on mid tarsus, 6/6, 6/? and 6/6 on hind tarsus.

The length of the convex dorsal surface of the club of IX.st. of male (measured from
upper long apical bristle forward) is nearly equal to width of club and the concave
ventral area extends to the first long ventral bristle of the apical row.

Hasitat. Bir Bosslanga, near Salum (or Sollum), Libyan Plateau, Western
Desert Province, Egypt, about 500 ft., from nests of Gerbillus, 25th October, 1953,
H. Hoogstraal, 1 ¢ (the holotype) and 3 2; 12 miles south of Sidi Barrani, Western
Desert Province, from Gerbillus gerbillus, 23rd April, 1954, H. Hoogstraal, 1 3.

The form is morphologically intermediate between the preceding subspecies and
the following ones.

Group b’.—The number of spines in the genal combs is 15 or 16 in the great
majority of males, in females it is 15, 16 or (rarely) 17. The total number
of spinelets on the abdominal terga varies in the thirty-five males seen
from 9 to 24 (average 15), in the fifty-one females from 11 to 27 (average

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J: & R. (1911) 195

20°5). There are two subspecies, possibly more. We have five males
and six females from Ain Séfra, South-west Oran near the Moroccan
border, sixteen males and twenty-five females from Egypt (mostly from
Giza Province and the adjacent portion of Beheira Province, but also some
from north of Shirbin) and Israel (two pairs from near Tel-Aviv plus
detailed information of twelve males and sixteen females supplied by
Prof. Theodor). The Stenoponia in question are almost confined to
Gerbillus and Jaculus, which are partial to sand-dunes ; it is a reasonable
assumption that Stenoponia will be found in suitable places everywhere from
Morocco (inclusive) to Egypt as well as in the Arab countries of the Middle
East.

12. Stenoponia tripectinata thinophila subsp. nov.

Variation of proportions of head in five males: AD 22-26 units (average 22-8), AC
20-23 (average 21-6), BC 18-21 (average 19°0), CD 24-29 (average 26:0), BD 45-50
(average 46-2); in six females AD 23-26 (average 24:2), AC 23-26 (average 24:3),
BC 20-22 (average 21-4), CD 28-35 (average 30°8), BD 52-56 (average 54:0). Varia-
tion in the left and right sides of the genal comb in males: 14/13, 14/14, 14/14,
15/14, 16/15; in females 15/15, 15/16, 15/16, 16/16, 16/16, 16/16; in the males
10% of combs with 13 spines, 60% with 14, 20% with 15 and 10% with 16; in
the female 33°3°%% with 15 spines and 66-7% with 16; the high proportion of genal
combs with 14 spines in the male and 16 in the female is characteristic of this sub-
species. Antepygidial bristles : four males with 3/3 and one with 4/4 (i.e. 80% with
three bristles and 20% with four), two females with 4/4 and four with 5/5 (i.e.
33°3% with four and 66-7% with five). As the abdominal spinelets are of special
interest in the study of the evolution of the S. tvipectinata complex and our eleven
specimens are a mere sample from an isolated locality in western Algeria, the details
of the variation of the spinelets are given here as a possible help for the future
student of these fleas who may have abundant material from the areas further
west and east which are not at present accessible to the naturalist.

Tergite Tergite

c —A 225) fi; — ogee
IT III IV Vv Total II 1 tv: Vv Total
Cons SO <3 20) ie “20... -20 Ore ce ANS. S12 ASV [i 4-26
415> A414) 2/2 > OB /Oy (2? 9 3/6. 2/3, 6 2/3. PlOr =. 149
2/5.° 3)3°--2 {2 S/o; .--16 314) A/D. - SEOs 0/6" 2
ays: 2/2). B/D) Oyo 5.836: Side D2 PIE POLO) 2° FS
le Gt) Vhlro- O04 5/7 2/6* 2/4 of: . 27
CF ee 4 ane ee yr aera: 2

Average of individual totals of spinelets in male 16-6, in female 18-1. In the five
males total of spinelets on II 46 (average 9-2), on III 25 (average 5-0), on IV 12

* The great difference in the number of spinelets on the left and right sides of this specimen is partly
due to unsatisfactory mounting, the sides not covering each other symmetrically so that the two spiracles
of a segment are as far apart vertically as double the interspace between two long bristles of the posterior
Tow,

196 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

(average 2:4), on V I (average 0-2) ; in six females 54 on II (average 9:0), 27 on III
(average 4:5), 21 on IV (average 3°5), 7 on V (average 1:2). The present population
differs from all others in the fact that tergum V bears spinelets in four out of six
females, whereas in the male only one specimen has a spinelet on V. In the two
following populations (thirty males and forty-five females in all) one male has spine-
lets on V and all females are without them on this tergum.

Number of spines in pronotal and abdominal combs in individual males 39 and 38,
33 and 34, 34 and 30, 35 and 35, 35 and 36; in females 37 and 39, 38 and 43, 37
and 42, 39 and 41, 38 and 42, 35 and 35; averages in male 356 and 34-6, in female
34:4 and 37:0. The fact that in the female the number of spines in the abdominal
comb is nearly always greater than the number in the pronotal comb is the opposite
of what obtains in the populations of Group b® from Egypt and Israel.

Lengths of various segments are as follows :

Males
Sea aa ‘\
Pronotum Abdominal t.1I
plus comb Mesonotum Metanotum plus comb
36 39 41 34
30 36 35 29
29 33 33 28
30 36 37 32
29 33 36 30
Average. 30°8 35°4 30°4 30°6
Females
Si —-. ‘\
38 45 43 39
37 42 45 4°
40 47 48 41
39 43 43 40
37, 45 42 37
36 43 42 38
Average F 37°8 43°6 43°8 39°2

Number of spiniforms on apical area of underside of tarsal segment V of male on
the two sides ?/9, ?/8, ?/9, 14/?, 8/? on the fore tarsus, ?/9, 9/?, 8/?, ?/?, 8/7 on the
mid tarsus and 7/7, ?/?, ?/7, 8/8, 6/? on hind tarsus ; females with ?/8, 7/8, 7/7, 8/?,
7/7 and ?/? on fore tarsus, ?/7, 7/?, 7/?, 8/7, 7/? and 9/9 on mid tarsus and ?/7, 6/?,
6/6, ?/6 and ?/5 on hind tarsus.

The convex dorsal surface of the club of IX.st. of the male longer than in the
next subspecies and the underside, from the long apical bristles forward, usually
a little more distinctly convex than in Text-fig. 24, taken from the type.

Hasirat. Ain-Séfra, south-western portion of Province of Oran, Algeria, 4th—7th
May, 1913, from Gerbillus pyramidum hirtipes, Dunn leg. (on ornithological expedi-
tion of W. Rothschild and E. Hartert to western Algeria), 5 g and 69. Holotype
a male with 14/14 genal spines and 2/1 spinelets on tergum IV.

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 197

13. Stenoponia tripectinata acmaea subsp. nov.

The typical area of this subspecies is the Giza Province, on the west bank of the
Nile opposite Cairo, extending west to the pyramids of Rawash and northwards
over the southern border of the Beheira Province at El Khataba (or Khatabba).
A male from 40 km. west of Cairo has the abdomen so much contracted that the
spinelets of terga IV and V cannot be studied ; the specimen may represent a cline
towards S. ¢. blanda. The four specimens obtained by H. Hoogstraal far north, at
Kafr el Battik, almost opposite Damietta (now Dumyat), are also better considered
as atypical on account of the fact that the single male has 13 spines in the left genal
comb and 15 in the right one, a degree of lopsidedness otherwise occurring only in
Israel. The large area of lowland traversed by freshwater channels lying to the
north and east of Cairo and including the Land of Goshen (where Pharaoh
settled the family of Joseph) is as far as Stenoponia is concerned a blank. Excluding
these atypical specimens, the material consists of fourteen males and twenty-two
females.

The averages of the measurements of the head in the fourteen males are : AD 24:5,
AC 22°4, BC 20°6, CD 27°5, BD 48-0, and in the twenty-two females AD 26-7, AC 245,
BC 21°3, CD 30-7 and BD 53°5. As samples of the individual variation, the measure-
ments of the two males and two females, of which one specimen of each sex has the
longest measurement for AD and the other the shortest, are recorded : the measure-
ments for these four specimens being for the male sex AD 27 and 22, AC 23 and 21,
Bc 18 and 18, cD 29 and 26, and BD 50 and 45; in the female sex AD is 29 and 24,
AC 26 and 24, BC 21 and 21, CD 31 and 29 and Bp 54 and 50. The number of spines
in the genal combs varies in the males from 14 to 16 and in the females from 14 to
17, the percentages being in the male sex 21-4% of combs with 14 spines, 64:3%
with 15 and 14:3% with 16, in the female 2-3°%% (one comb only) with 14 spines,
54°5% with 15, 38-7% with 16 and 4:5% with 17 spines ; the number of specimens
in which the number of spines in the left and right combs differs by one spine is
remarkably high, eight males and nine females (seventeen of the thirty-six speci-
mens, or 47:2%) having this asymmetrical arrangement. The holotype is a specimen
with 15 spines each side.

The sets of antepygidial bristles consist in the male of three or four bristles and in
the female four or five, in the male 67:9% of the sets with three bristles and 32:1%
with four, in the female 25% of the sets with four bristles and 75% with five; it
is rather surprising, and perhaps not a coincidence, that in the three males and three
females with asymmetrical sets of antepygidials it is the left set which has a bristle
less than the right, whereas in the asymmetrical antepygidial sets of the male from
40 km, west of Cairo, the male and one female from north of Shirbin, and a male of
S. t. blanda it is the right side which has a bristle less. The average number of
spines in the pronotal comb is 36-4 in the male and 38-4 in the female, and of the
abdominal comb 35°5 in the male and 37°5 in the female ; frequently the pronotal
comb has one or a few spines more than the abdominal comb, but the reverse also
occurs.

Certain measurements (in units) of the thoracic nota and abdominal tergum I,

198 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

together with averages (in brackets) in fourteen males and twenty-two females are

given below —- Abdominal
Pronotum Mesonotum Metanotum — tergum I
Variation in 3 . : ; ; 30-36 ; 35-41 ; 35-41 ; 28-35
(av. 33-0) (av. 36-8) (av. 38-8) (av. 32-6)
Variation in 9 : ; ‘ ; 33-40 : 40-47 ; 40-47 ; 34-40
(av. 37°9) (av. 44°4) (av. 44°4) (av. 37°9)
Length in 3 with longest pronotum . 36 : 40 . 41 ‘ 34
Length in ¢ with shortest pronotum 30 : 36 " 30 y 30
Length in 9 with longest pronotum . 40 ‘ 47 ; 47 ‘ 41
Length in 2 with shortest pronotum 33 ‘ 40 i 40 ‘ 40

The totals of abdominal spinelets of individuals vary in the male from 14 to 24
(average 20) and in the female from 10 to 26 (average 19). Counts of the spinelets
on segments II to V of the two males with the highest and lowest total numbers are
13 and g on II, 8 and 4 on III, 3 and r on IV and o ando on V;; corresponding
counts for females are 14 and 6 on II, 8 and 4 on III, 4 and o on IV and 0 and o on
V. The aggregate number of spinelets on the individual terga in the fourteen
males is 150 on II (average 10-7), 85 on III (average 6-1), 39 on IV (average 2-8) and
2 on V (average 0-14); in the twenty-two females the aggregates are 240 on II
(average 109), 137 on III (average 6-2), 40 on IV (average 1°8) andoon V. All
the males have at least one spinelet on IV, whereas among the females there are
four specimens in which IV has no spinelets ; the greater reduction in the female of
spinelets on IV and the retention in one male of spinelets on V are in accord with
the general trend of evolution in the tripectinata complex, the female being a step
in advance of the male.

The spiniforms on the apical area of the underside of tarsal segment V can be
counted in half the tarsi of the fourteen males (42 out of 84) and nearly half those
of the twenty-two females (64 out of 132) ; the counts vary in the males from 6 to 9
and in the females from 6 to 8, the most interesting fact being some high counts on
the hind tarsus of females. Of the males, one fore tarsus has 7, seven have 8,
three have 9 (average 8-2), three mid tarsi have 7, six have 8, and one has g (average
7°8), seven hind tarsi have 6, ten have 7, three have 8 and one has g (average 6:9) ;
in the females two fore tarsi have 6, eight have 7, and six have 8 (average 7°3), one
mid tarsus has 6, eighteen have 7 and five have 8 (average 7:2), twelve hind tarsi
have 6, seven have 7 and five have 8 (average 6:7).

The club of the ninth sternite of the male (Text-fig. 25) is nearly as convex below
as above, its outline approaching symmetry. There is nothing in the clasper and
phallosome distinguishing the present subspecies (Text-fig. 30).

Hasirat. Abu Rawash, Giza Province, Egypt, 18th March, 1952, in Arvicanthis
nest 2 g, 22; El Mansuriya, Giza Province, 3rd April, 1952, from nest of Gerbillus
gerbillus, 4 3, 6 9; Mansuriya, Giza Prov., edge of desert, from rodent’s nest,
December 1951, 2 2; Beni Salama, Giza Prov., 29th January, 1953, from Gerbillus
burrow, 1g; Abu Ghalib, Imbaba, Giza Prov., 2nd May, 1951, from nest of Gerbillus
gerbillus, 1 9; Kafr Hakim, Imbaba, Giza Prov., 6th February, 1953, from Gerbillus
burrow, 1 g, 1 2; Mansuriya, Imbaba, Giza Prov., 12th February, 1953, from

THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 199

Gerbillus gerbillus (probably a nest), 2 ¢ (including the holotype), 1 9; Mansuriya,
Imbaba, Giza Prov., gth March, 1953, from Jaculus jaculus,1 2; Afifi Pasha, Ezbet
Hafiz, Giza Prov., 29th March, 1952, from nest of Jaculus jaculus, 3 3,692; El
Khataba (or Khatabba, a short distance north of Giza Prov.), Beheira Province,
29th January, 1953, from Gerbillus nest, 1 3, 2 9.

Fic. 30. Terminalia of male paratype of Stenoponta tripectinata acmaea ssp. nov.

The male from the Western Desert Province, 40 km. west of Cairo, 1st April, 1952,
and the male and three females from Kafr el Battik, north of Shirbin, Gharbiya
Province, February 1953, may provisionally be referred to as S. ¢t. acmaea var. or cline.

The last remark applies likewise to the Palestinian specimens similar to S. ¢.
acmaea of which Dr. O. Theodor has sent us two pairs and particulars of many
other specimens. All the localities of these specimens are in or near the sand-dunes
from a little north of Tel-Aviv southwards, as follows: Herzliah (about 15 km.
north of Tel-Aviv), from Gerbillus gerbillus, one male, one female, Cholon (or Holon),

200 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

just south of Tel-Aviv, from Gerbillus pyramidum and G. gerbillus, two pairs received
from Dr. Theodor with details of two other pairs, Nahr Rubin, two males, two
females, Rishon Lezion, from Meriones crassus sacramenti. G. pyramidum and
G. gerbillus, six males, three females, Ashkelon, from Gerbillus, one male, Beersheba,
from G. pyramidum, three males, six females, Revivim, 30 km. south of Beersheba,
from G. pyramidum (rarely on Meriones c. crassus), four males, eight females. In
these twenty-one males and twenty-four females the averages of the totals of the
spinelets on abdominal terga II to V vary from 21 down to 11; there is only
one specimen (a male) with a spinelet on V. In the males 97-6% of sets of ante-
pygidial bristles consist of three and 2-4% of four, and the percentage with three
would be 100% if the Herzliah male were excluded, in the females 35-4% of sets
have four bristles and 64:6% are of five ; in the male sex of these Palestinian speci-
mens the percentages differ remarkably from those of typical S. ¢. acmaea. The
number of spines in the genal comb varies in the males from 13 to 16 and in the
females from 14 to 17; in the males 4-8% have 13 spines, 45:2% have 14, 40°5%
have 15 and 9:5% have 16, the specimens with 13 and 14 spines in the combs of the
two sides (Cholon and Rishon) are not matched in typical S. ¢. acmaea; in the
females 12:5°% of combs are of 14 spines, 64:5% of 15, 188% of 16 and 4:2% of
17 spines, combs with 14 and 15 spines being more numerous than in S. ¢. acmaea
and those with 16 spines correspondingly less numerous. A more striking point,
however, is the occurrence in the material from Israel of three further specimens
with 2 more spines on one side of the head than on the other, a condition found only
twice before. That these five cases of an unusual degree of lopsidedness, occurring
in one Egyptian male (Gharbiya Province, north-eastern area of the Nile delta, with
13/15 spines), three males from Israel (foot of Mt. Carmel, with 12/14 spines, Beer-
sheba, with 16/14 spines, and Revivim, with 14/16) and one female from Israel
(Nahr Rubin, with 17/15 spines) are all from one small corner of the Middle East
and nowhere else can hardly be accidental. Chiefly for comparison with S. ¢t. acmaea
we gave above the percentage of occurrence of various numbers of spines in the
genal comb. Statistical facts of another kind arise from a comparison of the totals
of genal spines on the two sides of each individual in the twenty-four females from
Israel of the form resembling S. ¢. acmaea: the combination 14/14 = 28 spines
occurs once, 14/15 or 15/14 = 29 spines twice each, 15/15 = 30 eleven times, 15/16
and 16/15 = 31 three times and once respectively, 16/16 = 32 twice, 17/16 = 33
once and 17/15 = 32 once. In other words, while uneven totals (29, 31 and 33)
must represent heads with the number of spines in the genal combs of the two sides
different, even totals may mean either that the counts on the two sides are the same
(14/14 = 28, 15/15 = 30, 16/16 = 32) or that the combs are very strongly asym-
metrical (17/15 in the female, 14/16 and 16/14 in males). Out of these twenty-four
females, fifteen have an even number of spines in the genal combs of the two sides
together, while in ten specimens the number of spines on the two sides is different.

Though the proportion of symmetrical and asymmetrical heads varies in different
populations of the tripectinata-complex, in every such population more than half
the individuals have even totals of genal spines on the two sides together.

The number and position of the genal spines are the result of two obvious main

Pue TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1912) 201

lines of evolution which are interdependent. The reduction of the abdominal
spinelets in a forward direction reaches its maximum in the absence of spinelets
on terga VI, V and IV in one individual of S. ¢. acmaea and in three from Israel,
which suggests the possibility that there may be some place in the Middle East
where tergum IV _ is without spinelets in all individuals. This reduction of the
spinelets probably increases the amount of material available for forming the spines
of the genal comb and thus helps to increase the number of them along the antennal
fossa, the acme of this upward development bringing the uppermost spine close to
the eye; the black stripe from the eye upwards (the trabecula centralis of Wagner)
is the place where the left and right sides of the head are united and its presence

_ may prevent any further development upwards of the comb in Stenoponza, in which

the highest combination yet known is 16/16 spines in the male and 16/17 (and 17/16)
in the female, 17/17 being as yet unknown. As the Siphonaptera are holometabolous,
the division, for forming the organs of the imago, of the material accumulated during
the larval life takes place in the last larval stage and in the pupa under the control
of the system of collaborating endocrines discovered by biochemists, the control
continuing the orderliness which the taxonomic unit (in this case S. ¢. acmaea
together with the acmaea-like specimens from Israel) has acquired in its evolution.
In rather more than one-third of the specimens the left and right genal combs differ
by one spine ; the endocrinal “‘ board of control ’’ is “‘ accustomed ’”’ (so to speak)
to pass this difference as correct, but when provided with material for an even-

- numbered division the error may occur that the line of division is one spine to the
right or left, resulting in the strongly asymmetrical arrangement 14/16 or 16/14.

It is possible that this combination may injuriously affect the viability of the speci-
men, which will die in the pupa or soon after emerging and thus rarely come into
the hands of the collector. Whether this suggestion is correct or not, it does not

- account for the occurrence of the error only in one small area of the Middle East.

——EEEEEE—E———

2

—_—

Se ee pe Ce,

When eight specimens from Morocco with the same number of spines in the genal
comb of each side of each individual were considered under S. ¢. megaera on p. 186,
the question was put whether a series with symmetrical heads is taxonomically the
same as a series from another locality in which the heads are often asymmetrical ;
if 13/13 must be considered the same as 14/14, specimens with the combinations

_ 13/14 and 14/13 belong to the same subspecies provided there are no other differences.

Another question which was touched upon under S. t. insperata, on p. 189, is whether
the number of genal spines depends on the size of the specimen ; measurements
show that, though the smallest specimens within a subspecies do not have the
maximum counts nor the largest the smallest ones, yet the specimen with the greatest

number of spines is not necessarily the largest while the one with the smallest

number of spines is not always the smallest specimen ; in S. ¢. acmaea, for instance,
the largest specimen was a female with 15/15 spines in the genal combs, while
specimens with 16/17 and 17/16 were smaller.

The spinelets of the abdominal terga vary much in size and number. Most of
them are triangular and at least twice as long as broad. In one specimen tergum II
bears dorsally on the left side 3 spinelets of which 2 are broken off but the third is
intact, shaped like the spines of the abdominal comb but much shorter. In three

202 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911)

specimens one of the terga has either on the left or right side a dark spine, shaped
like a cigar and about half the length of the longest lateral spine of the abdominal
comb, which is stuck by its broad end to the apical margin of the tergum. I look
upon this as a remnant of spine-substance which was left over when all the spines
and spinelets were formed and of which the metabolic factors disposed in this way.

The conspicuous asymmetry of the genal combs is repeated by the antepygidial
bristles, evidently independently of the asymmetry of the genal combs. In all
our specimens in which the sets of antepygidial bristles are asymmetrical the
difference between left and right is one bristle, but Dr. V. E. Tiflov has discovered in
one male of S. zvanovi a count of 4 antepygidials on the left side and only 2 on the
right, and in a female of S. suknevi a count of 5 and 7 on the two sides.

SUMMARY

In this paper the genus Stenoponia has been divided into two sections. Section A
contains eleven species, which have been grouped into defined subsections and the
main distinctions of each species have been mentioned ; two of these species are
Nearctic and the remainder are from the eastern portion (Siberian and Manchurian
subregions) of the Palaearctic. Section B contains a single species, S. tripectinata,
which occurs in the Mediterranean subregion and breaks up into numerous subspecies
of which eleven have been described as new in this paper. All populations of this
species are very variable and even the left and right sides of the same specimen
are never exactly alike. These populations show two obvious lines of evolution
which are interdependent: (1) development of the genal comb upwards along the
margin of the antennal fossa (accompanied by an increase in the number of its
spines) until the uppermost spine is close to the vestigial eye, and (2) a decrease
in the number of marginal spinelets on the abdominal terga which takes place
progressively from tergum VI forwards until VI and V (also IV in a few specimens)
are without spinelets. More than half the specimens of S. tripectinata have the
same number of spines in the genal combs of the two sides, but many have one spine
more in the comb of one side than in that of the other and a few specimens (all from
one area comprising part of Israel and an almost adjacent portion of northern Egypt)
have a difference of two spines in the genal combs of the two sides. The number of
antepygidial bristles varies independently in a similar manner.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am greatly indebted for assistance in carrying out this investigation to those who
have provided me with material and information ; these include Dr. J. Bruneau of
the Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Dr. E. W. Jameson of the University of California,
Mr. Harry Hoogstraal of United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Dr.
C. A. Hubbard of Tigard, Oregon, Professor O. Theodor of the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem and his team of collaborators, Dr. V. E. Tiflov of the Parasitological
Laboratory of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute, and Lt.-Col. Robert Traub of
the United States Army Medical Research Unit in Malaya, to all of whom I wish to
express my grateful thanks. I am also deeply indebted to Mr. Arthur Smith for the
beautiful drawings from which Text-figs. 1, 12-14, and 26-30 have been reproduced.

“®

0 MAR 1958

de &%»

THE MEALY-BUGS
(PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

DESCRIBED BY
W. M. MASKELL, R. NEWSTEAD,
T. D. A. COCKERELL AND E. E. GREEN
FROM THE ETHIOPIAN REGION

D. J. WILLIAMS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 8
LONDON: 1958

THE MEALY-BUGS
(PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)
DESCRIBED BY W. M. MASKELL, R. NEWSTEAD,
ete COCKEREEL AND: Ek GREEN
FROM THE ETHIOPIAN REGION

BY

D. J. WILLIAMS

t
Ys
Commonwealth Institute of Eatenonny)

Pp. 203-236 ; Io Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 8
LONDON : 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s
issued im five series corresponding to the Departments
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THE MEALY-BUGS
(PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)
DESCRIBED BY W. M. MASKELL, R. NEWSTEAD,
yD. Ay COCKERELL,(AND -E.. B.:-GREEN
FROM THE ETHIOPIAN REGION

By D. J. WILLIAMS

Commonwealth Institute of Entomology

INADEQUATE descriptions have caused some difficulty in naming many African
mealy-bugs submitted for identification and in order to facilitate this work in the
future it was thought desirable to redescribe or review all the known species found
south of the Sahara.

Mr. G. De Lotto of the Department of Agriculture, Kenya, and the present writer
proposed to co-operate in this work of redescription, but due to difficulties of distance
it was decided that it would be easier for one of us to deal with all of the species
described from Africa by any given author, and to leave until later the description
of new species. The first of these papers, dealing with the mealy-bugs described
by H. C. James, has already been completed by Mr. De Lotto (Bull. B.M.(N.H.)
Ent., 5, No. 5) and the present one will review all those mealy-bugs described by
Maskell, Newstead, Cockerell and Green.

This work has been largely influenced by the recent publications of Ferris (in
Zimmerman, 1948) and Ferris (1950) dealing with the mealy-bugs of North America
and many of the terms adopted by Ferris will be used here. Reference has also
been made to Borkhsenius (1949), writing on the mealy-bugs of the U.S.S.R., and
to a recent paper by Ezzatt & McConnell (1956) dealing with the tribe Planococcini.
Many species found in Africa have been adequately described and illustrated in the
foregoing papers and, therefore, it is not intended to redescribe them here.

Some of the species to be dealt with cannot be properly assigned to any known
genus and as the main purpose of the present paper is to redescribe species, the
erecting of new genera, where necessary, will be left until later. However, where
species can definitely be placed in a known genus, this has been done. Species
have also been included here that have been received from Africa in recent years
but that have not hitherto been recorded from the Ethiopian Region. Certain
African mealy-bugs have not been collected since the original discovery and are
therefore represented by type material only. Complete lists of the known hosts,
and distribution records, will be given in a later paper.

ENTOM, 6, 8. 9

206 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

The writer wishes to thank Dr. St. von Keler of the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin,
for lending type preparations of Ripersia glandulifera Newst., and Dr. D. Miller,
Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand, for lending preparations and material
of Dactylopius vastator Mask., Chaetococcus bambusae Mask., and Pseudococcus
graminis Mask. Mr. G. De Lotto has kindly sent material of Pseudococcus graminis
Mask., from Kenya and given invaluable help in other ways.

THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY W, M. \MASKELL

Seven species described by Maskell are herein discussed from the Ethiopian Region
of which six are regarded as valid species. The only species described originally
from Africa is Nipaecoccus graminis, the others having been described from elsewhere
and recorded from this region later. Illustrations are given of Chaetococcus bambusae
and Nipaecoccus graminis, the remaining species having been illustrated already
by other workers.

Antonina graminis (Maskell)

Sphaerococcus gyraminits Maskell, 1897, Ent. mon. Mag. 33 : 244.
Antonina graminis (Maskell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World : 121.
Antonina indica Green, 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 2: 2.
Antonina indica Green, James, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 272.
Antonina graminis (Maskell), Zimmerman, 1948, Insects of Hawait, 5 : 156.
Antonina indica Green, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 9.
Antonina graminis (Maskell), Ferris, 1953, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 6 : 294.
There are few records of this grass-feeding species from the Ethiopian Region
but material received in recent years suggests that it is much more widely spread
than hitherto supposed. The African records have been under A. indica Green
originally described from India and this has been synonymized with A. graminis
Maskell by Ferris (in Zimmerman, 1948) where he gave a description and diagram.
A further description and diagram were given by Ferris (1953) stating that the species
lacked trilocular pores, contrary to his 1948 description. The later description was
from material collected at Kingsville, Texas, but specimens have been examined by
the writer from the same locality which show the dorsal trilocular pores clearly.
Dr. H. Morrison of the U.S. Dept. Agric. Washington has kindly examined an adult
of graminis from the Maskell collection. This specimen is apparently in poor
condition but he believes that dorsal trilocular pores are present as they are likewise
in the Texas material. Al the African species studied have the dorsal trilocular
pores in variable numbers but in certain specimens they are difficult to recognize
because of the heavy sclerotization.

Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell)
(Text-fig. 1)

Sphaerococcus bambusae Maskell, 1892, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25 : 237.

Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell), 1898, Tvans. N.Z. Inst. 30 : 249.
Sphaerococcus bambusae Maskell, de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sct. : 48.
Antonina bambusae (Maskell), Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 8.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 207

TEXT-FIG, 1. Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell)

208 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

This species was originally described from Hawaii and has since been recorded
from various parts of the world on bamboo. Specimens from the Ethiopian Region
are at hand from Dakar, Senegal collected by J. Risbec and from Amani, Tanganyika
and the species has been recorded from Mauritius. The following description and
the diagram are based mainly on young adult females collected by E. M. Ehrhorn
in Hawaii.

Hasit. A large conspicuous species on the leaf sheath of bamboo and surrounded
by a secretion of white wax.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female turbinate each abdominal
segment reduced in width posteriorly so that the abdomen tapers characteristically.
In the old adults the body becomes so heavily sclerotized that it is impossible to
recognize the microscopic characters. Mature specimens attaining a length of 6
mm., it becoming a large species. Antennae reduced to two or three segments,
the distal segment bearing numerous setae. Legs entirely absent. Anal ring with
six setae borne at the inner end of a shallow tube. Circulus absent. Dorsal ostioles
lacking. Dorsal surface with at least the two posterior segments sclerotized even in
the very young adults. Setae sparse, of various lengths but all short and slender,
more numerous around the margins. Multilocular disc pores on the terminal
abdominal segment only, situated about the area lateral and posterior to the anal
tube, numbering about twenty pores altogether. Trilocular pores rather numerous
and evenly distributed except on the posterior segment where they are sparse and
accompany the multilocular pores. Around the anterior margins are tubular
pores which are a little larger in diameter than the multilocular pores, the external
part of each pore being in the shape of a shallow dome. These pores vary in number,
there being only two present in some specimens whilst other specimens have up to
fifteen where they are more numerous on the anterior margin and often reach
posteriorly to the thorax. Dorsal tubular ducts absent. Simple circular pores
scattered over the surface in no definite arrangement.

Ventral surface of the body of the young adults with posterior segments heavily
sclerotized. This sclerotization develops in a characteristic manner commencing
in the mid-region and the marginal areas. Setae sparse, of various lengths but all
slender, more numerous around the margins and on the terminal segment where they
occupy the mid-region and submarginal areas. Some of these setae, especially
on the posterior margin, are longer than the others. Multilocular disc pores confined
to the two posterior segments. On the terminal segment they are numerous in the
mid-region, the posterior margin and the submarginal area, whilst on the penultimate
segment they occupy the submarginal areas only. Trilocular pores abundant and
evenly distributed except on the terminal segment where they are associated with
the multilocular pores. Trilocular pores distinctly smaller than the others on the
venter are situated on the spiracular plates. Small tubular ducts are present in an
oval group behind each second spiracle. These ducts are funnel-shaped and heavily
sclerotized. Simple circular pores distributed over surface.

Notes. Maskell described this species in Sphaerococcus and later erected the genus
Chaetococcus for it. For some time the species has been associated with the genus
Antonina. Morrison & Morrison (1922) redescribed the genus Chaetococcus and also

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 209

the species bambusae and considered that Chaetococcus was doubtfully distinct from
Antonina. Borkhsenius (1949) has recently resurrected the genus Chaetococcus
for four species stating that it differs from Antonina mainly in having a group of
small cylindrical pores behind the second spiracle and that the anal ring lies either
on the surface or at the inner end of a shallow tube instead of a long tube as in
Antonina. It seems possible that the genus is distinct from Antonina but a study
of more species is desirable.

Nipaecoccus aurilanatus (Maskell)

Dactylopius aurilanatus Maskell, 1899, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 22: 151.

Pseudococcus aurilanatus Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World : 97.
Pseudococcus aurilanatus Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 107, 108.
Nipaecoccus aurilanatus Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 104.

In the Ethiopian Region this species is known from South Africa only on various
species of Avaucaria. Material has been examined from Braamfontein, Johannesburg
collected by B. J. Boonzain 2.vi.23 and from Natal collected by C. Fuller. Ferris
(1950) has placed this species in the genus Nipaecoccus Sulc and has illustrated it.

Nipaecoccus graminis (Maskell) (comb. nov.)
(Text-fig. 2)

Dactylopius graminis Maskell, 1891, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 24 : 36.

Dactylopius filamentosus small variety Cockerell, 1901, Ent. mon. Mag. 31 : 167.
Pseudococcus natalensis Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 100 (SYN. NOV.).
Pseudococcus graminis (Maskell), Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 118.
Trionymus natalensis Brain, Laing, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (X), 4: 470.

Hapit. Described by Maskell as “ enclosed in a sac of white felted secretion,
aggregated in masses thickly covering stems of grass; the sacs are of irregularly
elliptical form ’’.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female blue-green at maturity this
colour changing to brown during the preparation of specimens. An elongate-oval
species, as mounted on the slide measuring approximately 3mm. X 2mm. Antennae
short, seven-segmented. Legs rather short and slender with a few translucent pores
on hind coxae. Trochanters very distinctive, each with an apical projection and
described by Brain as shoe-shaped. Dorsal ostioles poorly developed, the anterior
pair not so discernible as posterior pair, the lips of both pairs with a few trilocular
pores but apparently without setae. Anal ring with six setae which are slightly
longer than the ring. Dorsal surface with a reduced number of cerarii, there being
only about five pairs present on the abdomen. Anal lobe cerarii composed of two
stout lanceolate setae and one or two trilocular pores surrounded by a small sclero-
tized area. The setae comprising the other cerarii becoming more widely separated
anteriorly, these of similar shape to those on anal lobes and without the cluster
of trilocular pores. Dorsal setae not numerous. On the mid-region of the posterior
abdominal segment they are stoutly lanceolate and of a similar shape and size to

210 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

TEXT-FIG, 2, Nipaecoccus graminis (Maskell),

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) Us

those of the cerarii. Other setae slender and of various sizes but all small. Dorsal
multilocular disc pores absent. Tubular ducts of two sizes, rather sparse, the most
numerous being rather large and situated in more or less single transverse rows on
the head, thorax and anterior abdominal segments. On the seventh and eighth
segments a few are located on the margins whilst they are absent on the ninth
segment. Smaller tubular ducts interspersed with the larger type but these are
sparse on the head. They tend to replace the larger ducts on the seventh and eighth
segments and are absent on the ninth segment. Trilocular pores very few and evenly
distributed.

Ventral surface of the body with a pair of anal lobe setae, longer and stouter than
anal ring setae. Other setae few, slender but tending to be longer than those on
dorsal surface. Multilocular disc pores on abdomen only arranged in single transverse
rows on the anterior and posterior edges of the segments except the second to fourth
segments where they mainly occupy the posterior edges. There is a group of about
twenty disc pores posterior to the vulva and others are present in the submarginal
zones. Large tubular ducts similar to the large type on the dorsum, few in number,
there being one or two in the mid-region of the fourth segment, a group of two or
three near the margin of seventh and eighth segments. They are most numerous
just anterior and between the anal lobes. The small type is very sparse, a few being
present on the head and thorax and others are present on the abdomen in single
transverse rows and in a submarginal zone. Trilocular pores few and scattered.
Simple circular pores apparently absent.

Notes. This species seems to be a typical Nipaecoccus in possessing anal lobe
cerarii with two conical setae and with three to four pairs of abdominal cerarii
each with a pair of widely separated conical setae devoid of trilocular pores. The
setae on the posterior dorsal segments are also similar to those of the cerarii. As
pointed out by Brain in his description of natalensis the species is easily characterized
by the peculiar trochanters, each of which has an apical projection.

Through the kindness of Dr. D. Miller of the Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New
Zealand, it has been possible to see type material of graminis. An examination of
type material of Pseudococcus natalensis Brain shows that this is the same as graminis.
According to Brain (1915) the species mentioned by Cockerell (1901) as Dactylopius
filamentosus small variety is also to be referred to natalensis. Some excellent
specimens have kindly been given by Mr. G. De Lotto from Nairobi, Kenya, and the
diagram shown herewith is based on this material. The species has been described
from Natal under gvaminis and natalensis and it has been recorded from Uganda
under natalensis by Laing (1929).

Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell)

Dactylopius nipae Maskell, 1892, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25 : 230.

Pseudococcus nipae (Maskell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World : 107.
Pseudococcus nipae (Maskell), Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 102.

Pseudococcus nipae (Maskell), Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 128.

Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), Sulc, 1945, Acta. Soc. Sci. nat. Morav. 17 : 1-48.
Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 109.

212 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Brain (1915) has recorded this species from Cape Province, Natal and Transvaal
on cultivated palms. Specimens have been examined from Salisbury, Southern
Rhodesia, collected by W. J. Hall on Chamaerops excelsa. The species has been
adequately described and illustrated by Ferris (1950).

Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell)

Dactylopius vastator Maskell, 1894, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 27 : 74.

Dactylopius viridis Newstead, 1894, Ind. Mus. Notes, 3: 25 (SYN. NOV.).

Dactylopius vastator Maskell, de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sci. : 45.

Pseudococcus viridis (Newstead), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World : 112.

Pseudococcus perniciosus Newstead & Willcocks, 1910, Bull. ent. Res. 1: 2.

Pseudococcus filamentosus Cockerell, Brain, 1915, Tvans. voy. Soc. S. Afr.5 : 99 (misidentification).

Pseudococcus hymenocleae Cockerell, Newstead, 1917, Bull. ent. Res. 8: 127 (misidentification).

Pseudococcus perniciosus var. Newstead, 1920, Bull. ent. Res. 10 : 178, 179.

Pseudococcus filamentosus var. corymbatus Green, 1922, The Coccidae of Ceylon, 5: 379 (SYN.
NOV.).

Pseudococcus perniciosus Newstead & Willcocks, James, 1933, Bull. ent. Res. 24: 435.

Trionymus seviceus James, 1936, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 35 : 203 (SYN. NOV.).

Pseudococcus filamentosus Cockerell, Hall, 1937, Tvans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86: 126 (misidenti-
fication).

Pseudococcus vastatoy (Maskell), Zimmerman, 1948, Insects of Hawaii, 5 : 245.

Nipaecoccus vastatoy (Maskell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 103.

Ferris (nv Zimmerman, 1948) has already drawn attention to the confusion existing
in the literature of erroneous records of filamentosus throughout the world when,
so far as is known, this species is confined to North America. The main cause of
the confusion was the Fernald Catalogue and its listing in error of vastator as a synonym
of filamentosus, the two species being quite distinct. Ferris has already pointed out
that perniciosus is a synonym of vastator. It is the opinion here that all African
material identified as filamentosus and perniciosus represents the same species re-
described by Ferris (én Zimmerman, 1948) as vastator. An examination of the type
material of vastator, described from Hawaii, has been made, this having been lent
through the kindness of Dr. D. Miller, Cawthron Institute, New Zealand.

Many specimens have been examined from material collected in Africa and the
Indian Region. Illustrations of vastator have been given by Ferris (% Zimmerman,
1948) from Hawaiian material and also by Ferris (1954). The ventral tubular
ducts have been described as of one size whereas, in fact, these ducts are of two sizes,
one being slightly shorter and about half the diameter of the other. Material at
hand collected by Ehrhorn in Hawaii shows this distinctly as does the type material.
There is considerable variation in all the material seen, the most notable differences
being the number of multilocular disc pores around the ventral margins. On one
side there are up to 50 of these pores in the type material of vastator but in other
material there are upwards of 200 pores with a corresponding increase in the number
of tubular ducts. This wide variation, however, with all the intermediate forms,
is present in specimens from both Africa and the Indian Region and there are no
definite characters which warrant their separation into different species. Ferris
was correct, therefore, in synonymizing perniciosus, described from Egypt, with

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 213

vastator. Type material of corymbatus Green from Ceylon and also type material
of viridis Newstead described from India come within this range and both species
are here sunk as synonyms of vastator. Mr. De Lotto has studied Tvionymus sertceus
James and has recently illustrated this when redescribing the James species (in
press). There is a relatively large number of the ventral multilocular disc pores
in this species but as it comes within the range of variation it is necessary that sericeus
be reduced to a synonym of vastator, a decision with which Mr. De Lotto is in accord.
Mr. De Lotto also agrees with the other synonymy above and it is hoped that the
foregoing will help to clarify the position until such times as biological evidence is
forthcoming which may prove otherwise.

There is a point of nomenclature which is of interest here. It has been impossible
to ascertain the correct date of publication of the species described by Newstead
as Dactylopius viridis in the Indian Museum Notes, 3, No. 5:25, 1894. There is
a printers’ date on the final page of this part given as the 14th November, 1894,
but the paper is listed in the Zoological Record under 1895. The Maskell species
described as Dactylopius vastator was published in the Tvansactions of the New Zealand
Institute, 1894, 27: 74 with a note at the beginning of the paper that it was read
before the Wellington Philosophical Society on the 14th November, 1894. This
paper was actually issued in May, 1895. Should the description of the Indian species
be found to be published before the description of vastator then viridis must take
priority but until then the writer would prefer to use vastator as this name has now
become widely established.

Pseudococcus calceolariae minor (Maskell) = Planococcus citri (Risso)

Dactylopius calceolarviae var minor Maskell, 1896, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29 : 322.
Pseudococcus calceolaviae var. minor (Maskell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of The Coccidae of the
World : 99.
Described originally from Mauritius on “ roots of onion grass’’, this species is
now known to be a synonym of Planococcus citri (Risso) and, therefore, it will not
be discussed further in this work.

THE So PE CLESe DESCRIBE DABY: 7. -D. A YCOCKE RELE

Two of the six species discussed here are shown to have been misidentified in the
past. These are the records of Pseudococcus hymenocleae and Pseudococcus
filamentosus. The other four species are widely distributed and have been illustrated
elsewhere.

Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell)

Dactylopius brevipes Cockerell, 1893, Entomologist, 26 : 267.

Pseudococcus brevipes (Cockerell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of The Coccidae of the World : 98.
Pseudococcus bromeliae (Bouché), Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 109.

Pseudococcus crotonis Green, 1916, Bull. ent. Res. 6 : 375 (misidentification).

Pseudococcus cannae Green, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 162 (SYN. NOV.).

Pseudococcus brevipes (Cockerell), Mamet, 1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32 : 57.

Pseudococcus cannae Green, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 13.

Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 59.

ENToM. 6, 8. 9§

214 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

This species is probably distributed throughout Africa on various hosts although
it is more widely known as a pest of pineapple. It has been described and illustrated
by Ferris (1950) but mention may be made here of some characteristic pores which
were presumably missing in the specimens seen by Ferris. An examination of
numerous specimens from all parts of the world has shown that on the dorsal surface
just anterior to the anus there is a variable number of disc pores which are inter-
mediate in size between the trilocular and multilocular disc pores. Some specimens,
however, are lacking these disc pores but this condition seems to be the exception.

Mamet (1949) has recorded Pseudococcus cannae Green from Mauritius but there
is no reason to recognize this species as distinct from brevipes. Green (1934) des-
cribed this species from Ceylon stating that it differs from brevipes mainly in possessing
more slender legs and antennae. These are variable characters, however, and cannae
comes well within the range of variation of brevipes throughout the world.

Ferrisiana virgata (Cockerell)

Dactylopius virgata Cockerell, 1893, Entomologist, 26 : 178.

Dactylopius virgatus (Cockerell), de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sct. : 44.

Pseudococcus virgaius (Cockerell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of The Coccidae of the World : 111.

Pseudococcus virgatus var. madagascariensis Newstead, 1908, Quart. J. Inst. Comm. Res. Trop.,
Lpool. 3:9.

Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) virgatus var. madagascariensis Newstead, 1911, Mitt. zool. Mus..
Berl. (V) 2: 166.

Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) virgatus var. madagascariensis Newstead, 1913, Trans. R. ent. Soc.
Lond. : 523.

Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) virgatus var. madagascariensis Newstead, Lindinger, 1913, Jb.
hamburg, wiss. Anst. 30 : 68.

Pseudococcus virgatus (Cockerell), Brain, 1915, Tvans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 133.

Pseudococcus virgata (Cockerell), Newstead, 1917, Bull. ent. Res. 8: 127.

Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), James, 1933, Bull. ent. Res. 24 : 435.

Ferrisiana virgata (Cockerell), Colizza, 1933, Boll. Soc. ent. ital. : 65-60.

Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Hall, 1943, J. ent. Soc. S. Afr. 6: 5.

Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 9.

Ferrisiana virgata (Cockerell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 93.

Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Mamet, 1951, Mém. Inst. sci. Madagascar, 5: 215.

The above list represents all the African records to date. This is possibly one of
the commonest mealy-bugs in Africa and will probably be found throughout the
continent on many hosts. Mamet (1951) has recently synonymized the variety
madagascariensis Newst. with virgata.

Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell)

Pseudococcus lilacinus Cockerell, 1905, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci. 10 : 128.

Tylococcus mauritiensis Mamet, 1939, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 5 : 89.

Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell), Ezzatt & McConnell, 1956, Univ. Maryland Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull. A-84 : 89-93.

It has already been noted by Le Pelley (1943) that confusion has existed in records
of Pseudococcus lilacinus Cockerell in East Africa on coffee when the species involved

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 215

is now known as Planococcus kenyae (Le Pelley). So far as is known P. lilacinus
has never been collected on the African continent but material is at hand from
Mauritius and Madagascar, the former kindly made available by Dr. R. Mamet.
The species has recently been discussed in detail and illustrated by Ezzatt & McConnell

(1956).

Pseudococcus filamentosus Cockerell

A discussion of this species and its records in Africa will be found herein under
Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell). The species has been shown by Ferris (1950)
to be of North American distribution only and that the other records throughout
the world are open to question.

Pseudococcus hymenocleae Cockerell
Pseudococcus hymenocleae Cockerell, Newstead, 1917, Bull. ent. Res. 8 : 127.

Newstead recorded this species from South Africa in 1917 but an examination of
his material shows that this was misidentified. The specimens are, in fact,
Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) discussed elsewhere in this work.

Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell)

Dactylopius sacchari Cockerell, 1895, J. Trinidad Field Nat. Club, 2 : 195.

Dactylopius sacchari Cockerell, de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sci. : 45.

Pseudococcus sacchari (Cockerell) Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 127.

Trionymus sacchari Cockerell, Hall, 1937, Tvans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 134.

Trionymus sacchari Cockerell, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 17.

Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America,
B29:

Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell), Mamet, 1953, Mem. Inst. sci. Madagascar, 3: 11.

This species attacking sugar-cane is apparently not too widely spread in Africa.
It has been recorded from South Africa by Brain (1915), from Southern Rhodesia
by Hall (1937) and from Mauritius by de Charmoy (1899) and Mamet (1949). Mamet
has recently recorded the species from Madagascar. Most of the records in the
past have been under Trionymus but the species was placed in the genus Sacchari-
coccus by Ferris (1950) where it is illustrated.

THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY R. NEWSTEAD

At the beginning of the century Newstead had the opportunity of studying and
describing a large amount of African material. Of the eight mealy-bugs described
by him only four are valid species but these are rather interesting and typically
African. Three of these, Eurycoccus coccineus, Ripersia glandulifera and Tylococcus
madagascariensis, have not been collected again since the original discoveries.

216 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Text-FiG. 3. Eurycoccus coccineus (Newstead).

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 217,

Eurycoccus coccineus (Newstead) (comb. nov.)
(Text-fig. 3)

Dactylopius coccineus Newstead, In Sjéstedt, 1908, Wiss. Ergeb. Schwed. Zool. Expdn. Kilimand-

javo, Meru, 1905-1906, 12: 8, 9.

Hasit. Described from Steppe, Kiraragua, Kilimanjaro on Acacias. Newstead
stated that the external covering was missing.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female broadly oval, as mounted on the slide
I'5 mm. X I'2 mm. Antennae rather short, eight-segmented. Legs tending to
be small, short and stout. Circulus large and divided by a transverse fold.
Anterior and posterior ostioles well developed, moderately sclerotized, with three
to four setae and about three trilocular pores on each lip. Anal ring with six setae,
each slightly longer than the diameter of the ring. Cerarii present as a single pair
on the anal lobes, each cerarius composed of two, long, slender setae, these only
slightly stouter than the two or three auxiliary setae. Trilocular pores surrounding
each anal lobe cerarius numbering three or four. Dorsal setae slender, of various
lengths but mainly short and rather numerous. Trilocular pores evenly distributed,
not numerous. Dorsal tubular ducts absent.

Ventral surface with a small area of sclerotization on each anal lobe. Anal lobe
setae longer and stouter than the anal ring setae. Other setae of various lengths
but mostly short and slender and more numerous in a submarginal zone. Multilocular
disc pores of usual type on the seventh, eighth and ninth segments only. There are
about six pores on the seventh segment, ten pores on the eighth segment, these in
single transverse rows. In the available specimens there is an average total of
twenty pores. Trilocular pores sparse, more numerous towards the margins.
Tubular ducts absent. A few simple circular pores present in no definite arrangement.

Notes. Thisspecies has not been collected since the original discovery. It seems to
belong to the genus Eurycoccus as recently defined by Ferris (1950). Most of the
specimens seen show the circulus folded but in one specimen the circulus is large
and divided by a transverse fold. The single pair of cerarii is typical of those in
the known species. The nearest species is apparently Ewrycoccus jessica (Hollinger)
described from Missouri, U.S.A. but coccineus differs mainly in possessing more
multilocular disc pores and in lacking the ventral tubular ducts.

Paraputo anomala (Newstead) (comb. nov.)
(Text-fig. 4)

Ripersia anomala Newstead, In Sjéstedt, 1908, Wiss. Ergeb. Schwed. Zool. Expdn. Kilimandjaro,
Meru, 1905-1906, 12: 9, Io.

Paraputo ritchiei Laing, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4 : 473, 474 (SYN. NOV.).

Paraputo multispinosa James, 1935, Stylops, 4 : 233.

Paraputo ritchieit Laing, Strickland, 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 38 :512, 513.

Paraputo ritchiet Laing, Ferris, 1955, Microentomology, 20, : 5.

‘Newstead originally describedjthis species from Kiboroto, Kilimanjaro, as living
under the bark accompanied by small black ants (Phetdole megacephala). He stated

HOMOPTERA)

(PSEUDOCOCCIDAE

THE MEALY-BUGS

218

ay

Le
4

Paraputo anomala (Newstead),

TJEXT-FIG, 4.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 219

that the insect resembled a species of Dactylopius in life. Strickland (1947) states
that in life the insect is ‘‘ covered with white wax, of a lumpy nature, the lumps
thicker and larger at the lateral edges of the segments. With 12 pairs of lateral
wax filaments’’. The species is illustrated and redescribed from type material of
ritchiei the preparations of which proved more favourable.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female broadly oval, as mounted on
the slide the largest specimens attaining a size of 4-5 mm. xX 4:0 mm. thus being
quite a large species. Antennae short, six-segmented. Legs short and stout, the
posterior coxae with a few translucent pores. Circulus present, well developed.
Anal ring situated nearly three times its length from the apex of the abdomen,
with six setae all of which are about half the length of the ring. Spiracles noticeably
large and heavily sclerotized. Dorsal ostioles well developed, the lips with numerous
short slender setae and trilocular pores, the inner edges sclerotized. Anal lobes
protruding. Dorsum with a reduced number of cerarii, these varying in number from
II to 13 distinct pairs. There are always the frontal and pre-ocular cerarii present
and cerarii are usually absent on the pro- and mesothorax. In all cases the anal
lobe cerarii are each composed of about 15 short conical setae surrounded by numerous
trilocular pores. The penultimate cerarii are usually the largest each containing
up to 25 conical setae. Anteriorly the cerarii become smaller so that on the meta-
thorax the conical setae may number only one or two in each cerarius surrounded
by five or six trilocular pores. On the head the setae and trilocular pores comprising
the cerarii are reduced in number posteriorly. Dorsal setae numerous, all short and
slender, a few larger setae present on the posterior abdominal segments. Trilocular
pores abundant, evenly distributed. Dorsal multilocular disc pores and tubular
ducts absent.

Ventral surface of the body with a small area of sclerotization on the inner angles
of each anal lobe. Ventral setae not as numerous as on dorsum, longer on the pos-
terior abdominal segments. Short slender setae distributed over thorax and head.
Multilocular disc pores confined to the mid-region of the body. A group of about
25 situated posterior to the vulva and about 50 in a transverse row on each of the
first two prevulvar segments. Ventral tubular ducts of two sizes confined to the
posterior abdominal segments. A larger type present in characteristic single groups
of 20-30 on the margins of the seventh, and eighth segments. One or two are also
present in the mid-region of the seventh segment. The smaller type situated in
transverse rows on the mid-region of the sixth and seventh segments, around the
groups of the larger type and on the margins of the anal lobes. Trilocular pores
not so abundant as on dorsum, rather numerous around the openings of the spiracles.
A few simple circular pores present in no definite arrangement.

Notes. Strickland (1947) has already drawn attention to the variable characters
of vitchiei to which he synonymized multispinosa. The types of these two species
have been seen and also the type of anomala Newstead and it is quite evident that
both ritchie and multispinosa are synonyms of anomala the latter species here placed
in the genus Paraputo which was erected for ritchier by Laing. Ferris (1955) has
attempted to redefine the genus Paraputo and to redescribe ritchiei. Unfortunately
both descriptions were based on immature specimens of ritchiei,

220 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Pseudococcus obtusus Newstead = Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green)

This species was described from German East Africa on Baobunde and was later
described from other localities in East Africa. Green (1922) synonymized it with
his zceryoides and a further discussion is given under this name as assigned to the
recent genus Rastrococcus Ferris.

Pseudococcus perniciosus Newstead & Willcocks = Nipaecoccus vastator
(Maskell)

Originally described from Egypt this species has been recorded by James (1933)
from Kenya on coffee. It was regarded as a synonym of Pseudococcus filamentosus
Cockerell by Hall (1925) but recently Ferris (1948) established it to be a synonym
of vastator Maskell discussed elsewhere in this work.

Pseudococcus perniciosus var. Newstead = Nipaecoccus vastator
(Maskell)

Pseudococcus perniciosus var. Newstead, 1920, Bull. ent. Res. 10 : 178, 179.

This species was described by Newstead as possessing no typical abdominal cerarii
except on the anal lobes and in this respect differed from typical perniciosus. An
examination of the original material of this supposed variety shows that the cerarii
are similar to typical perniciosus and also to vastator to which perniciosus is a synonym.

Pseudococcus virgata var. madagascariensis (Newstead)
= Ferrisiana virgata Cockerell

As previously stated in this work this species has been synonymized with Ferrisiana
virgata by Mamet (1951). An examination of the types of this species from Mada-
gascar shows that there is no justification for accepting the variety and consequently
all records to this species includng those by Newstead and Lindinger from Tanganyika
and Newstead from Nigeria should be known under virgata.

Ripersia glandulifera Newstead
(Text-fig. 5).
Ripersia glandulifera Newstead, 1912, Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena, 17: 17.

Hasit. Originally described from South West Africa, Klein-Namaland, Kamaggas
on Adiantum sp. and collected by L. Schultze 1904. Apparently this is the only
record. Newstead stated that no details could be given of the external covering.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female oval, a rather large species measuring
approximately 3:4 mm. X 2:25 mm. on the slide. Antennae short, six-segmented.
Legs short and slender but coxae noticeably large in proportion. Circulus present
but on the two available specimens its shape cannot be determined with accuracy.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 221

eee SZ P
he

-
.
SE
Pk

TEXT-FIG, 5. Ripersia glandulifera (Newstead).

222 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Ostioles well developed with two to three setae and three to six trilocular pores
on each lip. Anal ring situated about its length from the posterior end of the body,
with six setae slightly longer than the diameter of the ring. Cerarii reduced in
number, there being five pairs present on the abdomen. Anal lobe cerarii each
composed of eight or nine setae of various sizes but all are short, stout and conical,
surrounded by numerous trilocular pores. The setae and trilocular pores comprising
the other cerarii are reduced in number anteriorly, each anteriormost cerarius com-
posed of one or two setae and about six trilocular pores. Dorsal setae rather num-
erous, short and slender, except for a few in the mid-region of the posterior abdominal
segments which are stouter and larger. Trilocular pores numerous. Dorsal tubular
ducts absent.

Ventral surface with a small area of sclerotization on each anal lobe and a curved
area posterior to the vulva. Anal lobe setae stout, longer than anal ring setae,
each surrounded by three or four setae of moderate length. Other setae of various
lengths, mainly short and slender and interspersed on the abdomen with longer and
stouter setae. Multilocular disc pores confined to the mid-region of segments
posterior to the circulus, arranged in transverse rows on posterior edges of the pre-
vulvar segments and in a group of about twelve pores posterior to vulva. Tubular
ducts of one size, sparse, a single duct present on the margins of the fifth, sixth and
seventh segments and a marginal group of two or three on the eighth segment.
Trilocular pores evenly distributed, not so numerous as on the dorsal surface.

Notes. Through the kindness of Dr. St. von Keler of the Zoologisches Museum,
Berlin, it has been possible to see two adult females of this species. These are not
in very good condition so that the illustration herewith must be regarded as tentative.
When describing this species Newstead gave a diagram of the second stage female and
gave characters of this and the larva. Specimens have been seen which show that
these are referable to a species of Pseudococcus, they are quite distinct from
glandulifera.

This species seems to be a Paraputo but is here left in the genus Ripersia until
such time as all the African species relating to Paraputo can be studied.

Tylococcus madagascariensis Newstead
(Text-fig. 6)
Tylococcus madagascariensis Newstead, 1897, Ent. mon. Mag. 33 : 166.

Hapir. Described originally from Madagascar in the nests of Crematogaster
Schenki For. Newstead was not able to give any account of the external covering
as the specimens had been preserved in alcohol. The species has apparently not
been collected since the original discovery.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female ovoid, measuring approximately
2 mm. long. Antennae eight-segmented. Legs rather short and stout. Ostioles
moderately developed, each lip with one or two setae and three or four trilocular
pores. Anal ring with six setae which are slightly longer than the diameter of the
ring. Circulus small, Cerarii numbering sixteen pairs, each cerarius borne at the

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 223

is eae SS a
oe PA. = —

TEXT-FIG, 6. Tvlococcus madagascariensis Newstead,

224 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

apex of a stout, sclerotized, marginal and more or less conical tubercle. These
tubercles are slightly ventral in position and the cerarii are inclined to the ventral
surface. Anal lobe cerarii each with three large conical setae surrounded by a
few trilocular pores. The marginal tubercles are smallest on the thorax and anterior
abdominal segments and the cerarii borne on these tubercles are each composed of
from four to six conical setae and a few trilocular pores. The conical setae compris-
ing the cerarii on the anterior abdominal segments and the thorax tend to be shorter
and stouter than the others. A few auxiliary setae are often present with the cerarii
but these are stouter than the others on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. Between
some of the tubercles there is often a cerarius composed of a few slender setae and
trilocular pores but these are not constant. Dorsal setae short and slender, not
numerous. Trilocular pores sparse. Dorsal multilocular disc pores and tubular
ducts absent.

Ventral surface of anal lobes with a pair of long anal lobe setae, these longer than
the anal ring setae. Anterior to these setae there is an area of sclerotization on each
lobe surrounded by about three setae. Maultilocular disc pores confined to the three
posterior abdominal segments, there being about three on the seventh segment and
about twenty on the eighth segment arranged in two transverse rows at the anterior
edges of the segment. Six to nine pores are present posterior to the vulva. Ventral
tubular ducts sparse, there being but two or three in the mid-region of the seventh
segment and about eight in a transverse row on the eighth segment. Trilocular
pores not numerous. Ventral setae few, of various sizes but all short and slender.

Notes. This species was originally described in the genus Tylococcus by Newstead
and since then other species have been assigned to it. It seems possible, however,
that many of these are not congeneric.

THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY E. E. GREEN

Green described only Ripersia longisetosa from the Ethiopian Region but a number
of his species orginally described from elsewhere have now been discovered here.
It is interesting to note that many which he described from the Indian Region
have been collected in recent years in East Africa; an indication that others
may yet be found.

Antonina indica Green = Antonina graminis (Maskell)

This species has been described from India and has been synonymized’ with
A. graminis Maskell by Ferris (im Zimmerman, 1948). African records, therefore,
will be found listed herein under graminis.

Centrococcus insolitus (Green)

Phenacoccus nivalis (Maskell), de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sci. : 42 (misidentification).
Phenacoccus insolitus Green, 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 2 : 25.

Phenacoccus insolitus Green, Newstead, 1911, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. (V) 2 : 164.

Tvlococcus insolitus (Green), Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 95.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 225

Phenacoccus insolitus Green, 1922, The Coccidae of Cevion, 5 : 390.
Phenacoccus insolitus Green, James, 1934, Stylops,3: 272.

Phenacoccus insolitus Green, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 11.
Phenacoccus insolitus Green, Mamet, 1950, Mém. Inst. sci. Madagascar, 4 : 21.
Centrococcus insolitus (Green), Ferris, 1954, Microentomology, 19 : 54.

Originally described by Green from India on Sida cordifolia as having numerous
erect hair-like glassy filaments. Recorded by Newstead on Tabernaemontana
from Tanganyika and by James from Kenya on Sida rhombifolia. Brain recorded
this species under Tylococcus from Cape Province, South Africa on Hibiscus. It
has been recorded by Mamet on various hosts in Mauritius and he has recently
recorded it from Madagascar. Ferris (1954) has discussed and illustrated this
species and placed it in the genus Centrococcus Borkhsenius.

Geococcus coffeae Green
(Text-fig. 7).

Geococcus coffeae Green, 1933, Stylops, 2 : 54.
Geococcus coffeae Green, Strickland, 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 502.

Hasit. Originally described from Dutch Guiana from “the coffee tree (C.
liberica)’’. Recorded by Strickland (1947) from Gold Coast on the roots of Theobroma
cacao, Canna indica, Coffea arabica and Desplatzia dewevret. The habit of this species
was not described by Green in his original description but Strickland described the
habit in Africa as follows: “‘ the insects form small cells, lined with white wax along
the rootlets on which they are feeding’’. The following description of the species
is based on the type material, the specimens recorded by Strickland and on the
following: Gold Coast, from soil, collected by W. Bellfield; Ibadan, Nigeria, on
the roots of Canna indica, collected by R. G. Donald and Zanzibar on the roots of
clove, collected by M. J. Way.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female elongate-oval, the length of
the older specimens attaining 2-5 mm. Antennae geniculate, six-segmented, the
distal segment bearing a pair of stout, blunt setae. Legs small and slender, the
distal end of tibia being noticeably wide. Claws long and slender, each bearing a
pair of short, setose digitules at the base. Circuli three in number, situated on the
second, third and fourth segments. They are rather small and convex, each with
a reticulated surface, the anterior circulus being the smallest and the middle circulus
being the largest. Dorsal ostioles well developed with the inner edges of the lips
heavily sclerotized. Anal lobes heavily sclerotized and fused at the bases, each
bearing at the apex a stout spine-like process nearly as long as a lobe. Between
the bases of the lobes there is another pair of curved, blunt spine-like processes on
the dorsal surface which are smaller than those on the apices of the lobes. A straight
pair of similar processes is also present on the head, these set close together and situ-
ated just behind the antennae. The position of the spine-like processes between the
anal lobes tends to push the anal ring to the ventral surface which always lies in
this position on mounted specimens. Anal ring with six setae, the anterior pair being

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

R et Geet
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Yo\o,! \e os
© 00101

og

TEXT-FIG. 7. Geococcus coffeae Green.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 227

the shortest and most slender whilst the lateral pair is rather stout and longer than
the others. The derm of the body tends to become more heavily sclerotized in the
older females especially on the posterior abdominal segments and the head region
which often masks the pore characters. Dorsal surface with cerarii entirely lacking.
Setae of various lengths, rather numerous. On the posterior marginal angle of the
ninth segment there are about five long setae and one or two smaller setae surrounding
a more or less quadrate sclerotized area. Other long setae are present singly on
the margins of the segments and about five to seven lie in transverse rows across
each segment. The remaining dorsal setae are short and slender. Multilocular
disc pores present on the head, thorax and posteriorly to the sixth abdominal seg-
ment, these lying in single transverse rows on the posterior edges of the segments.
Trilocular pores interspersed with the setae, not numerous. Tritubular pores of
two sizes, the most numerous having a single loculus about the same size as a trilo-
cular pore, lying on all segments posterior to the seventh abdominal segment where
they are situated in single transverse rows just anterior to the multilocular pores.
On the sixth and seventh segments there are usually some marginal groups of five
or six. Larger tritubular pores are present in numbers of two to four on the margins
of the ninth abdominal segment and occasionally there is one on each margin of the
eighth segment. In some specimens these pores are noticeably larger than the other
dorsal tritubular pores whilst in other specimens they are of a similar size.

Ventral surface with an ill-defined sclerotized area between the antennal bases
beset with about eight marginal setae. Ventral setae of various lengths similar
to those on the dorsum. A few long setae on the anal lobes and on the ninth
segment. Other long setae in transverse rows of about four to six on the abdominal
segments and in the mid-region between the coxae and antennae. More numerous
smaller setae are present on all segments. Multilocular disc pores on the abdomen
in transverse single rows on the posterior edges of the segments. A few on the an-
_ terior edges of some of the anterior abdominal segments and on the first prevulvar
segment. A group of about sixteen present on the ninth segment. Other multi-
locular disc pores in the mid-region between and lateral to the coxae. Trilocular
pores in similar numbers to those on the dorsum, sparse on the posterior segments.
Tritubular pores of two sizes. One type similar to the smaller on the dorsal surface
distributed as follows: there is a single pore usually present posterior to each
spiracle and one or two on the head and thorax among the groups of setae. On
the third, fourth and fifth segments there are usually a few anterior to the multi-
locular disc pores and on the margins. Posteriorly there is only a pair or so to each
of the remaining prevulvar segments. A smaller type of tritubular pore with round
loculi is present in single transverse rows on the sixth and seventh segments and a
pair is usually present on the ninth segment anterior to the anal lobes. These pores
are about the same size as a multilocular disc pore. In some specimens they may
be replaced on the sixth segment by the larger type. Tubular ducts entirely absent.

NoTEs. Some doubt was entertained by Green as to whether he was describing
immature or adult specimens. Of the three specimens available from the type
material two are adults and one is immature. Specimens from the penultimate
instar differ mainly in possessing but two circuli instead of three as in the adult.

228 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

The distribution of the tritubular ducts seems to be somewhat variable. On the sixth
ventral abdominal segment of the Gold Coast specimens the tritubular pores are of the
larger variety but in other specimens examined including the type they are of the
smaller variety with round loculi.

The identification of this species seems to have been confused in many cases with
Geococcus vadicum described by Green (1902) from Pundaluoya, Ceylon, on grass
roots. The latter differs from coffeae in lacking the pair of spines between the anal
lobes and possessing differently shaped tritubular pores. These have been figured
by Green (1902, fig. 3b), the loculi being mainly oval in shape and lying sideways to
the radii. In coffeae the main tritubular pores have the loculi radiating lengthwise
from the centre. Green (1922) recorded vadicum from Kandy, Ceylon, and labelled
this material immature. In fact this material is identical with his adult coffeae
described from Dutch Guiana although he noted in his description of the latter that
it differed from the immature specimens of radicum (the Kandy material) in having
the anal lobes more heavily sclerotized. This sclerotization varies with the specimens
and is of little importance.

There are, however, some first-stage larvae with the type material of radicum
and there are at hand some first-stage larvae of the Gold Coast specimens here
regarded as coffeae. The spine-like processes at the apices of the anal lobes differ
greatly in size in the two species. In vadicum they measure 034 mm. X -004 mm.
and in the Gold Coast specimens they measure 0:028 mm. X ‘ol mm. Furthermore
in each species there is a pair of dorsal tritubular pores opposite the posterior coxae.
In vadicum these pores resemble those of the adult and in the Gold Coast specimens
they also resemble the main dorsal pores of the adult herein illustrated under coffeae.
As already stated the pores of both species are different, the first stage larvae of
both species being, therefore, quite distinct. The position now seems to be clear
that the specimens collected by Green at Kandy, Ceylon are adults of coffeae and
not immature specimens of vadicum. As many records of vadicum throughout the
world seem to have been based on the so-called immature form it is evident that
many of these should be referred to as coffeae.

Phenacoccus hirsutus Green
(Text-fig. 8)
Phenacoccus hivsutus Green, 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 2 : 25.

Hasit. Described originally from India on an unknown shrub attended by ants
(Crematogaster rogenhoferi) this species is now known to occur throughout the Indian
Region and South East Asia. It is apparently established throughout the Middle
East where it is known, especially in Egypt, on numerous hosts as the Hibiscus
Mealy-bug often doing considerable damage. Specimens are at hand from numerous
localities and hosts in Sudan. The species has been recorded as reddish in colour
and sparsely covered with white mealy wax.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS, Adult female ovoid, as mounted on the slide measur-
ing approximately 3 mm. xX 1-5 mm. Antennae nine-segmented. Legs slender of

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 229

ay ee ee ease poe ti Vy) Vtg .
Pe te a ae ey ee

TEXT-FIG, 8, Phenacoccus hirsutus Green,

230 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

moderate length, denticle on claw absent. Circulus small. Ostioles with a chitinized
bar on the inner edge of each lip, and with one or two setae and a few trilocular pores.
Anal ring with six setae which are a little longer than ring. Cerarii on the posterior
five abdominal segments only. Anal lobe cerarii each composed of a pair of short
conical setae and one or two trilocular pores. Anterior cerarii with two setae and
rarely with trilocular pores. Dorsal setae numerous of various sizes but all slender.
Dorsal multilocular disc pores absent. Tubular ducts of two sizes. Numerous large
ducts of the oral rim type are distributed across each segment and small ducts each
without an oral rim are located among the larger ducts but these are few in number.
Trilocular pores sparse.

Ventral surface with a pair of long anal lobe setae which are about twice as long
as anal ring setae. There is a narrow sclerotized bar extending from the base of
each anal lobe seta. Ventral setae rather numerous of various sizes but all slender.
Multilocular disc pores confined to the abdomen on the anterior and posterior edges
of the segments posterior to the circulus. They tend to be more numerous at the
anterior edges. Occasionally there are one or two pores on the first segment anterior
to the circulus. Tubular ducts each with an oral rim and similar to those on dorsum,
few in number and situated in a submarginal zone on the head and thorax. Small
tubular ducts without the oral rim, numerous on posterior margins and lateral
margins of the abdominal segments. They are sparse on the head and thorax.
Trilocular pores few in number.

Notes. Apart from the nine-segmented condition of the antennae this species
has little to do with the genus Phenacoccus. The absence of the claw denticles, the
presence of a sclerotized bar on each anal lobe and oral rim tubular ducts on the
dorsal and ventral surfaces show close affinities to the genus Paracoccus Ezzatt &
McConnell placed in the tribe Planococcini.

Phenacoccus madeirensis Green
(Text-fig. 9)
Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923, Bull. ent. Res. 14 : go, 91.

Hasit. Described originally from Funchal, Madeira on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,
Sida sp. and Acalypha sp. Specimens are at hand from Tafo, Gold Coast on Hibiscus
mutabilis, Koforidua, Gold Coast on tomato and an ornamental shrub and from
Ibadan, Nigeria on Lantana. Green states that the living insect is pale green, dusted
with white mealy secretion, the ovisac being loose, white and of irregular form.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female elongate-oval, as mounted
on the slide measuring approximately 2-5 mm. x I-3mm. Antennae nine-segmented.
Legs long and slender, with a denticle on the plantar surface of the claw. Circulus
large, narrowing laterally. Ostioles moderately developed, the posterior pair rather
more so than the anterior pair. Anal ring with six setae which are a little longer than
the diameter of the ring. Eighteen pairs of marginal cerarii present. Anal lobe
cerarii each composed of five to six conical setae of various sizes, surrounded by a
cluster of trilocular pores, Penultimate cerarius with three conical setae, the anterior

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 231

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TEXT-FIG. 9. Phenacoccus madeirensis Green,

232 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

cerarii with two setae except the preocular cerarius with three setae and each ocular
cerarius with four setae. Dorsal setae sparse, all slender and small. Dorsal cerarii
present on thorax and head, these not numerous and each composed of one or two
setae surrounded by four or five trilocular pores, the setae being slender and similar
to the others on the dorsal surface. Dorsal multilocular disc pores on the posterior
edges of the third to eighth abdominal segments only. On the third and fourth
segments these pores are situated in single transverse rows and not present in the
mid-region. On the posterior segments the disc pores are numerous in double
transverse rows. Tubular ducts of one size, few in number and arranged trans-
versely on the thoracic and abdominal segments. Trilocular pores sparse and evenly
distributed.

Ventral surface with a pair of long, stout, anal lobe setae, these nearly twice as
long as anal ring setae. Other ventral setae sparse, of various lengths, the longest
present on the abdomen and between the antennae. Multilocular disc pores situated
on the abdomen only. There are groups of submarginal pores from the third to eighth
segments and those in the middle of the segments are distributed as follows : on the
fourth segment, four or five are located on either side of the circulus, on the fifth
segment there is a double transverse row but only one or two pores are present on
the sixth segment. A single row present on the seventh segment, these and the
anterior pores, located on the posterior edges of the segments. A transverse group on
the first prevulvar segment and also groups on the anterior edge of the segment.
Other groups posterior to the vulva. Quinquelocular pores on all segments anterior
to the vulva, situated in the mid-region, where they are more abundant on the
thorax and between the antennae. On the abdomen they occupy the anterior region
of each segment. Ventral tubular ducts of two sizes, the larger ducts of the same
size as those on the dorsum and present in a submarginal zone, at the most only two
or three to each segment. The smaller ducts are numerous and apart from a few in
the mid-region of the thorax they are mainly confined to the posterior abdominal
segments. On the sixth segment they replace the multilocular disc pores, and on
the seventh segment they are more numerous than the multilocular disc pores and
become more abundant laterally. They occupy submarginal positions on the eighth
segment and are present on the anal lobes. Trilocular pores sparse, more numerous
around the margins.

Notes. This species comes close to Phenacoccus franseriae Ferris, described from
Mexico, in having dorsal cerarii and a similar distribution of multilocular disc pores.
In franseriae the dorsal cerarii are more numerous on the thorax and abdomen but
in madeirensis these cerarii are more numerous on the head and thorax. The anal
lobe cerarii of madeirensis are each composed of about five setae whilst in franseriae
the setae are in pairs.

Pseudococcus cannae Green = Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell)

Pseudococcus cannae Green, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 162.
Pseudococcus cannae Green, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 13.

As previously stated this species appears to come within the range of variation of
Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) to which it is herein sunk as a synonym,

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 233

Pseudococcus citriculus Green
Pseudococcus citriculus Green, 1922, The Coccidae of Ceylon, 5 : 377.

Described by Green from Ceylon. Specimens are at hand from Zanzibar on Citrus
and Cocos nucifera collected by M. J. Way. Material has been kindly made available
by Dr. R. Mamet from Mauritius on various hosts. This species has been illustrated
by Ferris (im Zimmerman, 1948) and Ferris (1954).

Pseudococcus gahani Green

Pseudococcus gahani Green, 1915, Ent. mon. Mag. 51 : 179.
Pseudococcus gahani Green, Joubert, 1928, Bull. ent. Res. 19 : 209.
Pseudococcus gahani Green, Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 180.

This species has been recorded by Joubert from South Africa on pear. It is possible
that it is the same as Pseudococcus fragilis Brain described from South Africa on
orange in which case gahani will have to be sunk as a synonym. It is expected that
Mr. De Lotto will be dealing with the Brain species and a redescription of Pseudococcus
fragilis will be given later. A diagram of gahani has recently been given by Ferris
(1950).

Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green)

Phenacoccus iceryoides Green, 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 2: 26.
Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) obtusus Newstead, 1911, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. (V) 2 : 164.
Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) obtusus Newstead, 1913, Bull. ent. Res. 4: 68.
Phenacoccus obtusus (Newstead) Lindinger, 1913, Jb. hamburg. wiss. Anst. 30 : 67.
Phenacoccus iceryoides, Green, 1922, The Coccidae of Ceylon, 5 : 391.

Rastrococcus icervyoides (Green), Ferris, 1954, Microentomology, 19: 55.

This species was originally described from India. In the Ethiopian Region it has
been recorded only from Tanganyika and Zanzibar under the name P. obtusus
Newstead. Green (1922) synonymized the latter with his iceryoides. Recently it
has been redescribed and illustrated by Ferris (1954).

Ripersia longisetosa Green
(Text-fig. 10)
Ripersia longisetosa Green, 1924, Bull. ent. Res. 15: 47, 48.

Hasit. Described by Green from Table Mountain 1,000 ft., South Africa in nests
of an ant (Plagioleps sp.). Green gave no description of the external covering.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female broadly oval measuring approximately
I'2 mm. X 0-9 mm. on the slide and thus a rather small species. Antennae six-
segmented. Legs normal, claws long and slender each with an extremely minute
denticle. Circulus absent. Anterior and posterior ostioles well developed. Anal
ring normal, with six setae. Cerarii numbering seventeen pairs of a distinctive type.
Each cerarius composed of long, pointed setae about as long as the anal ring setae.

234 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

TEXtT-FIG. 10. Ripersia longisetosa Green.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 235

Anal lobe cerarii usually with two stout and two slender setae but all of similar
length and surrounded by a cluster of trilocular pores. The anterior cerarii similar
to anal lobe cerarii, each with one or two stout setae and one or two slender setae.
Between some of the cerarii are often a few setae of a similar shape to those in the
cerarii but these are shorter and not constant in position. Dorsal tubular ducts
absent. Trilocular pores evenly distributed, not numerous. Dorsal setae sparse
and of moderate length.

Ventral surface without sclerotization on the anal lobes. Anal lobe setae about the
same size as the long cerarian setae. Multilocular disc pores not numerous, present
on the seventh and posterior segments only and numbering about thirty altogether,
those on the two prevulvar segments in single transverse rows. Tubular ducts few,
of one size and arranged singly on the margins of the segments except on the eighth
segment and the anal lobes where there are groups of two to three ducts. Trilocular
pores sparse. Setae of various sizes but all slender and not numerous.

Notes. The distinctive features of this species are the unusually long setae of
the cerarii combined with the six-segmented antennae and the few multilocular
disc pores. The description is based on two type slides each containing four specimens.
Except for one or two specimens the cerarian setae have been completely broken
off at the bases. The species cannot be placed with certainty in any known genus.
The denticle on each claw is hardly perceptible, as was noted by Green in his original
description, and in some claws it is not discernible.

REFERENCES

BorKHSENIuS, N. S. 1949. Fauna of the U.S.S.R. Homoptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae.
Biological Institute of the U.S.S.R., New Series, No. 38.

CocKERELL, T. D. A. 1901. South African Coccidae. Entomologist, 34: 224.

D’EMMEREZ DE CHARMOY, D. 1899. Notes sur les Cochenilles suivies d’une liste raisonnée
des Cochenilles de l’Ile Maurice. Proc. Soc. Amic. Sct. : 1-48.

Ezzatt, Y.M. & McConnELL, H.S. 1956. The Mealybug Tribe Planococcini (Pseudococcidae,
Homoptera). Univ. Maryland Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull, A-84.

Ferris, G. F. 1950. Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5. Stanford University,
California.

—— 1953. Ibid. 6. Stanford University, California.

—— 1954. Report upon Scale Insects collected in China (Homoptera: Coccoidea) Part V.
Microentomology, 19 : 51-66.

1955. On some genera of the Pseudococcidae. [bid. 20: 1-6.

GREEN, E. E. 1902. Three new genera of Coccidae from Ceylon. Ent. mon. Mag. 38 : 262.

1922. The Coccidae of Ceylon, 5: 345-472. Dulau & Co., London.

— 1934. Notes on a ‘“ Mealybug’”’ wrongly attributed to Pseudococcus bromeliae, Bouche.
Stylops, 3 : 162.

Hatt, W. J. 1925. Notes on Egyptian Coccidae with descriptions of new species. Bull.
Minist. Agric. Egypt, 64 : 1-23.

1937. Observations on the Coccidae of Southern Rhodesia. Tvans. R. ent. Soc. Lond.,

86 : 134.

Lainc, F. 1929. Descriptions of new, and some notes on old, species of Coccidae. Ann.
Mag. nat. Hist. (X), 4: 465-501.

Le Pettey, R. H. 1943. An Oriental mealybug (Pseudococcus lilacinus Ckll.) (Hemiptera)
and its insect enemies. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 93 : 73-93.

236 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Mamet, R. 1949. An annotated catalogue of the Coccoidea of Mauritius. wsvutieotn Inst.

Bull, 3.: 1-81.
—— 1951. Notes on the Coccoidea of Madagascar—II. Mém. Inst. set. A aaiesnini: 5:
213-254.

Morrison, H. & Morrison, E. 1922. A redescription of the type species of the genera of
Coccidae based on species originally described by Maskell. Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 60 : 55-58.

STRICKLAND, A.H. 1947. Coccids attacking Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), in West Africa, with
descriptions of five new species. Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 497-523.

ZIMMERMAN, E. C. 1948. Insects of Hawaii, 5, Homoptera: Sternorhyncha. University of
Hawaii, Honolulu.

MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S
EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES,
1955.

ORDERS ODONATA,
NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA

D. E. KIMMINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 9
LONDON: 1958

MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION
TO NEW HEBRIDES, 195s.
ORDERS ODONATA, NEUROPTERA AND
TRICHOPTERA

BY

D. E. KIMMINS

Xu
1 \

Pp. 237-250 ; 6 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
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ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 9
LONDON: 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
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issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
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hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar ‘year.

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Issued February, 1958 Price Five Shillings

MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION
TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1956s.
ORDERS ODONATA, NEUROPTERA AND
TRICHOPTERA

By D. E. KIMMINS

Miss CHEESMAN’s collections (as far as these three orders are concerned) were made
chiefly on the island of Aneityum. Two main localities were worked, one on the
coast at Anelgauhat and the other at Red Crest, 1,200 ft., three miles north-east
of Anelgauhat. She also carried out some further collecting in New Caledonia.
The material was not extensive but included examples of three new species. Nine
species of Odonata, seven of Neuroptera and four of Trichoptera were collected, of
which six from New Hebrides and one from New Caledonia had not been previously
recorded.

I am taking the opportunity, at the conclusion of this paper, to give a list of the
species of Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera recorded from
New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands and New Hebrides. Out of nearly eighty iden-
tified species and subspecies, no less than thirty-three are endemic to one or more
of these groups of islands.

ODONATA
Family CoENAGRIIDAE

Agriocnemis exsudans (Selys)

Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vi—vii.1955, numerous examples.
DISTRIBUTION. New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji and Samoa.

Nesobasis bidens sp. n.
(Text-figs. I-2)

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, I d.

Labium yellowish, labrum yellowish brown, with a small brown spot at the centre
of its basal margin. Clypeus with a brown T-mark on a yellowish ground. Head
black, between the antennae fulvous. Antennae dark fulvous. Pronotum black,
its lateral margins yellowish. Synthorax with a median, dorsal, black band, which
is slightly metallic, reaching the humeral suture in its upper fourth, but elsewhere

ENTOM. 6. 9. ge)

240 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955

is separated from it by a narrow yellowish band. Synthorax laterally yellowish,
marked with fuscous on the mesinfraepisternum, and with two short lines on the
mesepisternum above, on the lateral sutures. Legs yellowish brown, apices of femora
finely bordered with fuscous, the basal inner surface of anterior tibia also fuscous ;
spines black. Wings hyaline, pterostigma greyish black; fifteen postnodals in
anterior and thirteen in posterior wing.

2A

Fics. 1-2. Nesobasis bidens sp. n. g. (1), fore wing; (2A), anal appendages, lateral ;
(2B) anal appendages, dorsal.

Abdominal segments I-II greenish black above, pale yellowish on sides. Segments
III-VII greenish black above, each with a pair of small, yellowish spots at
their bases, almost meeting dorsally. In side view the dorsal black extends
downwards at apices of segments III-VI and to a greater extent on segment
VII. Segment VIII bluish black, with the exception of a narrow pale line on lower
lateral border. Segment IX bluish white above, in side view with its lower lateral
third blackish. Segment X almost entirely bluish white.

Superior anal appendages blackish brown, outer angles paler; short, from above
broad and ovate, inner angle higher than outer ; upper surface slightly concave, its
apical margin with two small, acute, shiny black teeth, one at the inner apical angle,
the other just before the middle of the apical margin. In side view the inner tooth
appears as an elevated knob. Inferior anal appendages about twice as long as
superior, blackish, with pale yellowish bases. In lateral aspect broad at base,
abruptly narrowed to an acute apex. From above, appendage is only slightly in-
curved.

Length of abdomen, 25 mm., of hind wing, 22:5 mm.

MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 241

g$ holotype in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The single male is perhaps a little
teneral and the areas described above as yellowish are possibly greenish or bluish
when mature. N. bidens may be distinguished from the other New Hebridean species
(malekulana) by the bidentate apical margin of the superior anal appendage and by
the almost straight inferior anal appendage.

Family AESHNIDAE

Aeshna brevistyla Rambur

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., i-ii. 1955, I @.
DIstTRIBUTION. Australia, New Zealand, Loyalty Islands.

Anaciaeshna jaspidea (Burmeister)

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., i-li. 1955, I 3.
Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vii.1955, I dg, 3 9.
Widely distributed from India to Tahiti.

Family CORDULIIDAE

Hemicordulia fidelis McLachlan

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., i-ii. 1955, 3 gd, 22

Aneityum, Anelgauhat, i, vi.1955, 3 3.

DISTRIBUTION. New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, New Hebrides. (The specimens
recorded by me in 1936 as Hemicordulia assimilis oceanica from New Hebrides were
mis-identified and should be H. fidelis McLachlan).

Family LIBELLULIDAE
Agrionoptera insignis lifuana Kimmins

Aneityum, Anelgauhat, 11.1955, I d.
Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, I 3d.
DISTRIBUTION. Loyalty Islands, New Hebrides.

Orthetrum caledonicum (Brauer)
Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., i-il, v—vii.1955, 2 d, 2 .
DISTRIBUTION. New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Australia.

Pantala flavescens (Fabricius)

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, 1 g, 1 9.
Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vii.1955, 4 dg, I 9.
DISTRIBUTION. Circumtropical.

242 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES,

Trapezostigma limbata (Desjardins)
Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vli.1955, 2 3.
Widely distributed.
NEUROPTERA
Family HEMEROBIIDAE
Nesomicromus navigatorum (Brauer)

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., v-vi.1955, 2 g, 2 9.
Widely distributed in Eastern Asia and Polynesia.

Se =

Fic. 3. Noius noumeanus sp. n. g Wings.

Nesomicromus tasmaniae (Walker)

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi. 1955, 2 3.
DISTRIBUTION. New Zealand, Tasmania, Australia, New Hebrides.

Noius noumeanus sp. n.
(Text-figs. 3-4)

NEw CALEDONIA: Nouméa, xi.1955, I 3.

1955

General coloration of body fuscous, without conspicuous markings, antennae and
legs a little paler. Membrane of wings pale smoky hyaline, venation pale fuscous.
In fore wing, the veins are interrupted with dull luteous, some cross-veins in the

MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 243

centre of the wing being shaded with fuscous. Costal margin of the fore wing slightly
sinuous, apex of wing bluntly pointed. R, with eight branches, longitudinal veins
unforked beyond the outer gradate series (apart from the marginal forks). M
forking slightly basad of the basal branch from R,, not bent towards Cu. In hind
wing, M is only slightly bent towards Cw.

Fic. 4. Noius noumeanus sp. n. ¢ Genitalia. (A), lateral; (B), ninth sternite, ventral ;
(c), gonarcus and parameres, lateral; (D), the same, dorsal.

6 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite short, its ventral margins extended caudad in rounded
lateroprocessi beneath the ectoprocts. Ninth sternite broad, its apex tapering to an
upcurved finger armed with a row of stout spines. Upper basal angles of ninth
sternite forming rounded, hairy domes. Lateral lobes of gonarcus broad, narrowing
to a quadrate apex in side view. Arcessus slender, sinuously curved, attached to
gonarcus by a pair of wings. Parameres fused basally, apices slightly divergent and
clavate in side view. Ectoprocts broad, rounded apically, without processes.

Length of fore wing, 8 mm.

36 holotype (abdomen mounted as a microscope preparation) in British Museum
(Nat. Hist.). This species has been placed in the genus Noius Navas on the similarity

244 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955

of the venation of the basal part of the fore wing to Navas’ figure. The wide area
between M and Cu, is very noticeable and at once separates this species from
Nesomicromus, which it much resembles in general appearance. It is of course
possible that noumeanus may be synonymous with the type-species oceanicus Navas
from Fiji, but as the type specimen of the latter was presumably destroyed by fire in
the Hamburg Museum during the second world war, the identity of oceanicus must
remain uncertain until more material from Fiji is available. The 3 genitalia of
noumeanus are also different in type from those of Nesomicromus, the ectoprocts
lacking any hooked processes and the spiny ridge on the apex of the ninth sternite
is also unusual. In the venation, the absence of any but the extreme marginal
furcations beyond the gradate series is a good character.

Family CHRYSOPIDAE
Chrysopa otalatis Banks

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, 2g, 2 Q.
Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vii.1955, 7 ¢, 4 9.
Widespread in the Pacific islands.

Chrysopa basalis Walker

NEw CALEDONIA: Nouméa, xi.1955, 6d, 7 9.
Widespread in the Pacific.

Chrysopa maculithorax Kimmins

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., v—vii.1955, 7 9.
NEw CALEDONIA: Nouméa, xi.1955, 2 3, 3 .
DISTRIBUTION. New Hebrides, New Caledonia.

Chrysopa armstrongi Esben-Petersen

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi. 1955, I &.
DISTRIBUTION. Samoa, New Hebrides.

TRICHOPTERA
Family RHYACOPHILIDAE

Apsilochorema cheesmanae sp. n.

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, 4 4, 8 9.

$. Head fuscous, with golden hairs, palpi pale fuscous. Antenna with fuscous
basal segment, then with a few golden yellow segments, shading off to fuscous.
Thorax fuscous, with golden hairs. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with fuscous
pubescence, mottled with patches of golden hairs, the upstanding hairs on the veins
piceous. Membrane piceous with whitish areas at base and apex of stigma, at fork

MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 245

of Rs, along the outer margin of the wing-fold and above the arculus. Anal veins
with yellowish patches. Hind wing smoky hyaline, with sparse fuscous pubescence.
Venation of fore wing resembling that of A. vosst Kimmins, a weak cross-vein in
costal area, fork M, about as long as its footstalk. In hind wing, forks R,, M, and
Cu,, are present.

dks ore
we LO

Fic. 5. Apsilochorema cheesmanae sp. n. Wings. (A), 3; (B), Q.

6 GENITALIA. Lateral filaments to the fifth sternite, seventh sternite with a short,
stout, pointed ventral process. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally to a slender
transverse band at base of tenth segment. The median lobe of the latter is produced
in a laterally compressed hood, deep at the base, its upper margin concave, apex
with a pair of small setiferous lobes. Lateral lobes of the tenth segment as long as
the median, forming stout, gently arched spines, each with an acute apex armed

246 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955

with a few stout setae. Cercus slender, less than half as long as median lobe.
Aedeagus short, cylindrical. Clasper from the side moderately stout, slightly up-
curved, apex rounded, upper margin humped about mid-way. In ventral view, the
clasper tapers to a slender, rounded apex. From about mid-way, on its inner surface,
arises a slender, mesally directed finger, its apex hooked.

Fic. 6. Apsilochorema cheesmanae sp. n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), 3, dorsal ;
(c), g right clapser, ventral; (Dp), 2, lateral; (E), 9, ventral.

9. Fore wing with forks R,, R,, M,, M, and Cu,, present. An additional cross-
vein present in the costal area. Fork M; shorter than in the male. In the hind wing,
forks R,, M, and Cu,, present as in male.

Q GENITALIA. Sixth sternite with a short ventral process, its apex rounded in
ventral view. Eighth segment forming a complete ring, apical ventral margin pro-

MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 247

duced in a small transverse lobe at its centre. Ninth segment short, lateral gona-
pophyses forming short, rounded, hairy lobes. Tenth segment fused to ninth and a
little longer than the latter, bearing two short slender cerci, arising from globular
bases.

Length of fore wing, ¢, 5:5 mm., 9, 6 mm.

d holotype, ¢ allotype (in form of microscope preparations) and paratypes in
British Museum (Nat. Hist.). This species is related to A. vossi Kimmins from
Guadalcanal. The claspers are more upcurved in side view, their lower margins
convex, and the tenth segment is relatively longer.

Family PsyCHOMYIDAE

Ecnomus sp.

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., 27.ili, v.1955, 2 9.

It is possible that these females may belong to the species atratus Mosely, described
from Erromanga, but in view of the difficulty of associating female specimens of
Ecnomus, it seems wiser not to attempt it.

Family LEPTOCERIDAE

Triplectides latipennis Mosely

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., v-vi.1955, 3d, 42.
Previously recorded from Erromanga.

Family SERICOSTOMATIDAE

Goéra vunida Mosely

Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi. 1955, 5 3, 12 2.
These specimens have the wings somewhat darker than in the type (from Fiji),
which is possibly faded, but there are no significant differences in the male genitalia.

List of Species and Subspecies of Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera
Recorded from New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands and New Hebrides

New Loyalty New

ODONATA Caledonia Islands Hebrides Other distribution
LESTIDAE
Ausirolestes cheesmanae Kimmins x : — 3 ¢ ; a
MEGAPODAGRIIDAE

Argiolestes ochraceus Montrouzier x

. A, savasini Ris x
A. uniseries Ris : : 3 x re aes
Trineuragrion percostale Ris x

248 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955
New Loyalty New

ODONATA Caledonia Islands Hebrides Other distribution
PROTONEURIDAE
Isosticta vobustior Ris ; ; x : x sy Wee —
I. spinipes Selys ; : ; x F x Oe en TUT —
I. tillyardi Campion . : ; x a TR a —
COENAGRIIDAE

Ischnura aurora (Brauer)
I. heterosticta (Burmeister)

x Ceylon to Tahiti.
x ‘
I. torresiana Tillyard ‘ : x oF? ae
x

Fiji, Australia.

Queensland, New Guinea.
Agriocnemis exsudans Selys —- . x . Fiji, Samoa.
Nesobasis malekulana Kimmins . se x ‘ —_
N. bidens Kimmins . ; = 2. x —
Pseudagrion microcephalum ~~ 2. x India to Australia.
(Rambur)
Xanthagrion erythroneura Selys . x - —- . — . Australia,
Xiphiagrion cyanomelas Selys . — . x . — .. Indonesia, Papua.
AESHNIDAE
Anax guttatus (Burmeister) RT x E. Asia to Australia.
A, gibbosulus (Rambur) ; x = — Australia.
Anaciaeschna jaspidea : a: —_— fo b 4 India to Tahiti.
(Burmeister)
Aeshna brevistyla Rambur . x x r me ‘ Australia, New Zealand.
Acanthagyna dobsoni Fraser x ery Xx . Queensland.
(= vosenbergi Selys partim)
CoRDULIIDAE
Synthemis flexicauda Campion x — — —
S. fenella Campion x — — —
S. miranda Selys x = es rae
S. montagueit Campion x — — =
Metaphya elongata Campion : x == i
Hemicordulia fidelis McLachlan . x x x =
H. australiae (Rambur) — x Australia.
H. oceanica Selys x — — Pacific.
LIBELLULIDAE
Agrionoptera insignis allogenes . X . xX —~ Australia.
Tillyard
A. i. lifuana Kimmins ‘ . o—™ . x x —_
Orthetrum sabina (Drury) . 2. = x Asia to N. Australia.
O. caledonicum (Brauer) . : x x x Australia.
Diplacodes trivialis (Rambur) . — — x Seychelles, India—Japan
—Queensland—Fiji.
D. bipunctata (Brauer) ; ; x ; x : x . Oceania, N. Zealand,
Australia.
D. haematodes (Brauer) 5 : x go ae ay x . N. Guinea, Australia.
Neurothemis stigmatizansbrahmina — . — . *X . N. Guinea, Solomons, etc.

(Guérin)
Pantala flavescens (Fabricius) . x a ae x . Circumtropical.

MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 249

New New
ODONATA Caledonia Islands Hebrides
Rhyothemis graphiptera (Rambur) x —
R. phyllis aequalis Kimmins — x
R. ph. apicalis Kirby x x
R. vegia armstrongi Fraser . —- se
Trapezostigma léwit (Brauer) ? —
T. limbata (Desjardins) x x
EPHEMEROPTERA
LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE
?Atalophlebia sp. x =
BA#TIDAE
Cloéon erromangense Kimmins _— x
NEUROPTERA
ASCALAPHIDAE
Suhpalacsa caledon McLachlan x —
MyYRMELEONIDAE
Eidoleon bistrigatus (McLachlan) . x x
Formicaleon Plentus (Walker) — x
Myrmeleon celebensis McLachlan. — Xx
M. neocaledonicus Navas x =
M. pictifrons Gerstaecker . _— x
HEMEROBIIDAE
Nesomicromus navigatorum (Brauer) x x
N. tasmaniae (Walker) — ~
Noius noumeanus Kimmins x oe
Annandalia obliqua (Banks) ._ x
Notiobiella multifurcata Tillyard . x =
CHRYSOPIDAE
Synthochrysa cognata Kimmins — x
S. montrouziert (Girard) -_— —
Italochrysa chloromelas (Girard) . x x
Austrochrysa samoana = x
Esben-Petersen
Chrysopa innotata Walker . — x
C. remota Walker _— x
C. oceanica Walker — x
C. otalatis Banks x x
C. basalis Walker P x x
C. maculithorax Kimmins . x x

Other distribution
Australia.

Samoa.

Australia.

Oceania, Australia, India,
Africa.

Australia, Oceania.
Malaya, Sumatra, Celebes,
N. Guinea, Solomons.

—

Australia.

Oceania, Australia.

N. Zealand, Tasmania,
Australia.

Queensland.

Queensland.

Queensland, Solomons.
Samoa.

Australia, Samoa, Tonga.

Samoa, Ryu-kyu Is.

Hawaii, Samoa, Society
Is.

Australia, Samoa,
Marquesas.

Widespread in Pacific.

250 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955

New Loyalty New
ODONATA Caledonia Islands Hebrides Other distribution

C. matsumurae Okamoto . , Ke ORR ie . Japan.
C. armstrongi Esben-Petersen — x Samoa.

C. noumeana Navas . : ‘ x ‘ x oe ees

Sencera scioneurva Navas . oo Sn S/R x . Indonesia, Philippines.
Ankylopteryx pallida Banks A I x Australia.

TRICHOPTERA

RHYACOPHILIDAE

Apsilochorema cheesmanae . a x : —
Kimmi
Xanthochorema caledon Kimmins. x , ta Geer ly _-

PHILOPOTAMIDAE
Hydrobiosella uncinata Kimmins . x 5. msg, we _

HyDROPSYCHIDAE

Hydromanicus sp.2 .
Hydropsyche sp. 2
Cheumatopsyche sp. 2
Caledopsyche cheesmanae Kimmins

KEM
|
|
|

PsYCHOMYIDAE

Ecnomus atratus Mosely. = gw x : oe
Ecnomus sp.@ . : ; ieee ge. Xx ; —

LEPTOCERIDAE
Triplectides latipennis Mosely . — .~. — . 1 Ke ~-

SERICOSTOMATIDAE

Mecynostomella fusca Kimmins . x a —
Goéva vunida Mosely . . ._—- ©. — . x . , weagi.

ADDENDUM

Owing to a misplaced card in my index to Trichoptera, Mosely’s species Cheu-
matopsyche lesnei was unfortunately overlooked and in consequence I have re-described
this species as Cheumatopsyche uncata in Bull. Brit. Mus. N. H., Ent. 6 (1) : 11
Mosely described only the male, although he had both sexes, but in my paper both
sexes are described. Cheumatopsyche lesnei (Mosely) has a spur formula 2.4.4 and
has M and Cu, in the hind wing widely separated and should therefore not be
placed in the genus Synaptopsyche, as suggested by Ulmer.

D. E. Kimmins, 6.xii.1957.

Arie IDENTITY OF
STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS
McLACHLAN

(TRICHOPTERA, Family STENOPSYCHIDAE)

D. E. KIMMINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 10
LONDON : 1958

THE IDENTITY OF
STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN
(TRICHOPTERA, Family STENOPSYCHIDAE)

BY

D. E. KIMMINS ;

Pp. 251-260 ; 8 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 10
LONDON: 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is
issued tn five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 6, No. 10 of the Entomological
sertes.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued March, 1958 Price Three Shillings and Sixpence

THE IDENTITY OF
STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN
(TRICHOPTERA, Family STENOPSYCHIDAE)

By D. E. KIMMINS

THIS paper deals mainly with the identity of Stenopsyche grisecpennis McLachlan,
the type species of Stenopsyche, but records of the Stenopsychidae collected by
Dr. R. Malaise during the Swedish Expedition 1934 to Burma and British India
are also included. ~

It is with considerable reluctance that I re-open the much-discussed question of
the identity of Stenopsyche grisetpennis McLachlan, the type-species of the genus.
My reason for so doing is that I am now in a position to study McLachlan’s type
specimen. His 1866 descriptions and figures were, for their time, adequate and he
doubtless never imagined that the genus would eventually prove to include a large
number of species. S. grisetpennis was based on a single male, “‘ Habitat in India
orientali’’, in his collection and later he added other specimens of Stenopsyche from
Darjeeling, Assam and China.

In 1907 Ulmer figured as grisetpennis the genitalia of a male from Baltistan and
added Japan to its range, and subsequent authors gave as localities India, Sikkim,
W. China, Siberia and Formosa. In July 1926, Ulmer returned to the problem and
gave new figures and descriptions of the male genitalia, based on Chinese examples.
In September of the same year Martynov produced a revision of the genus and gave
figures and descriptions of his interpretation of griserpennis, based on examples
from Korea, S. Ussuri, Manchuria and Altai. The Japanese form he described as
S. japonica (subsequently synonymized with S. marmoratus Navas) and Ulmer’s
Baltistan male he placed in S. himalayana. Judging from a male from S. Ussuri,
sent to Mosely by Martynov as S. grisetpennis, his and Ulmer’s 1926 interpretations
represent allied but probably distinct species. Neither of these authors had seen
McLachlan’s type, which was then still in private hands and inaccessible.

In 1938, the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) acquired by purchase the McLachlan
Collection and the Trichoptera were incorporated into the museum collections by
Mr. M. E. Mosely. Upon his death in 1948, the Trichoptera were placed in my charge
and one of the first tasks I undertook was the preparation of a card index of Trich-
optera types. I found that our series of S. grisetpennis contained no example labelled
“Type ’’ and as a temporary measure the index card was marked “‘ Type not yet
located ’’’. Recently I made a thorough search in our collection, not only over the
label griseipennis but also amongst other species of Stenopsyche and was finally
rewarded by discovering, amongst S. guadrilobata Martynov, a male labelled “‘ India ”’

ENTOM. 6. Io. Il

254 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN

and ‘‘ Stenopsyche griseipennis’’ in McLachlan’s handwriting, and with a British
Museum register number indicating that it was part of McLachlan’s collection.
This specimen agreed satisfactorily with the original descriptions, measurements and
figures, the only discrepancy being the locality label “‘ India ’’, not “‘ India orientali ’’.
I think that McLachlan knew that it had come from eastern India but had not
labelled it more fully, lest it be mistaken for East Indies. There was no minute
reddish “‘ Type ’’ label of the kind generally employed by McLachlan, but as these
were usually the lowest label on the pin, it may possibly have become detached and
lost. (I have found other undoubted McLachlan types without such a label.) I am

Fic. 1. Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, g. Wings of type.

quite satisfied that this specimen is the one which McLachlan had before him when
describing S. griseipennis, and I have therefore labelled it as the type, recording
this belief on my own determination label. I consider that Mosely was quite justified
in associating this specimen with S. guadrilobata Martynov, which species therefore
becomes a synonym of S,. grisetpennis McLachlan.

Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan
(Text-figs. I-3)

Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, 1866, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 5: 265-266, pl. 17, fig. 5;
pl. 19, figs. 5a—e.
Stenopsyche quadrilobata Martynov, 1935, Rec. Ind. Mus. 37: 131-132, fig. 36. (Syn. nov.).

In view of the confusion which has arisen over the identity of this species, previous

THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN 255

records of the distribution of S. griseipennis must be considered doubtful. I have
seen examples from INpIA, United Provinces (Masuri), Punjab (Simla) ; SrkKIm
(Phedong) ; N. Burma (Mishmi Hills).

$ GENITALIA (from type). Ninth segment reduced dorsally to a narrow, transverse
band, side-pieces produced in slender, triangular lobes. Tenth segment more or
less fused to ninth, extending about as far as apices of side-pieces, rather narrow, from

Cc

Fic. 2. Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, ¢ genitalia of type. (a), lateral; (8), dorsal;
(c), right clasper, ventral.

above tapering to a four-lobed apex. The lateral margins about half-way are irre-
gularly serrate, the serrations not amounting to processes. From the side, the upper
surface is smooth. Cercus long, slender, digitate. Aedeagus with an expanded base
and cylindrical stem, within which is an evertible membrane armed with numerous
acute teeth or spines. Clasper bifid, its upper branch arising at the extreme base,
forming a slender spine, curving upward and tailward, its apex bent outwards and
acute. Lower branch flattened, a little shorter than the upper, its apex rounded
in ventral view.

The association of the female grisecpennis must be regarded as provisional, since

256 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN

I have not had both sexes from the same locality even. The association is based
upon a slightly broader and more truncate apex of the fore wing than in S. pallidt-
pennis Martynov, the male of which is closely allied to griseipennis. The female
thus provisionally assigned to griseipennis differs considerably from pallidipennis
in the shape of the internal part of the subgenital plate.

2 GENITALIA (example from Phedong, Sikkim). Eighth sternite from the side
obliquely truncate apically, about one and a half times as long as deep, its lower
apical angle rounded. From beneath the apical margin is divided into two rounded
lobes, beyond which extends the subgenital plate, covering the membranous ninth

Fic. 3. Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, 2 genitalia. (A), eighth to tenth segments, lateral ;
(B), the same, ventral; (c), subgenital plate, lateral (more enlarged) ; (D), the same, ventral.

sternite. The sides of the subgenital plate are more sclerotized than the centre and
terminate in tufts of setae. Internal structure as indicated in Text-fig 3p. Ninth
tergite saddle-shaped, with two groups of setae on each side. Tenth tergite and
sternite each divided into two elongate sclerites. Cerci two-segmented, basal segment
quadrate, terminal minute.

Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov
(Text-figs. 4-6)

Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov, 1926, Eos, 2: 297, figs. 22-24.
N.E.Burma: Waingmew, 15.iii.1934, R. Malaise, 2 3, 5 9.

THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN 257

DISTRIBUTION. INDIA: United Provinces (Naini Tal) ; Sikkim (Kalimpong) ;
Assam (Khasi Hills) ; N. Burma (Mishmi Hills).

Ves

Fic. 4. Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov, ¢ fore wing.

Fic. 5. Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov, ¢ genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), dorsal; (c), right
clasper, ventral.

The male genitalia are very closely allied to those of S. grisetpennis, the chief
differences being the broader dorsal part of the ninth segment, produced in a hump
near the base in side view, the less tapered tenth segment, whose apex is often
obscurely four-lobed or even bilobed and the more truncate apices of the lower

258 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN

branches of the claspers. The pattern of the fore wing is much the same but the
apex is rather more acute. In the female, assuming that sex to be correctly asso-
ciated in griserpennis, the internal part of the subgenital plate is longer and narrower
in side view, and the ventral view is quite different.

Fic. 6. Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov, @ genitalia. (a), eighth to tenth segments, lateral ;
(B), the same, ventral; (c), subgenital plate, lateral (more enlarged) ; (D), the same, ventral.

Stenopsyche khasia sp. n.
(Text-figs. 7-8)

AssAM: Khasi Hills, ex McLachlan collection, 12 g, 5 9.

N. E. Burma: Kambaiti, 6,800 ft., 10.iv.1934, R. Malaise, 4 J, 7 9.

General appearance much as in S. grisetpennis or S. pallidipenmis. Venation not
significantly different from griserpennis.

6 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite reduced dorsally to a narrow, transverse band. Side-
pieces large, acute. Tenth segment forming a pair of tapering plates with acute
apices, separated almost to their bases by a narrow excision. There is a small process
on the upper surface of each near the base. Cercus long and slender. Aedeagus
enclosing a pair of slender curved spines, two rows of broad, scale-like spines and
two rows of small, slender spines. Clasper with the upper branch slender in side
view, rather broader for most of its length in dorsal view, abruptly narrowed and

THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN 259

Fic. 7. Stenopsyche khasia sp. n. ¢ genitalia. (a), lateral (apex of aedeagus more enlarged) ;
(B), the same, dorsal; (c), right clasper, ventral.

Fic. 8. Stenopsyche khasia sp. n. 2 genitalia. (a), eighth to tenth segments, lateral; (B), sub-
genital plate, ventral.
ENTOM. 6. 10. 12

260 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN

hooked outwards at its apex. Lower branch slender, spatulate, apex obliquely
truncate or slightly excised in ventral view.

Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite with its apical margin sinuously oblique in side
view, lower apical angle slightly produced and rounded. Subgenital plate elongate,
shaped as in Text-fig. 8. Ninth tergite with a band of setae.

Length of fore wing, 3, 16-17 mm., 9, 15-17 mm.

3 holotype, 9 allotype (with abdomen in glycerine), both from the Khasi Hills, in
British Museum (Nat. Hist.), paratypes in the Stockholm and British Museum
(Nat. Hist.). The differences between this species and griseipennis are given in the
above comparative description.

Stenopsyche benaventi Navas

N. E. Burma: Washaung, 20 km. east of Myitkyina, 14.vii.1934, R. Malaise,
23,49. |

Previous distribution. INDIA: Rewah State, Chota Nagpur.

REFERENCES

Martynov, A. M. 1926. Eos, 2: 281-308.

McLacHian, R. 1866. Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 5: 247-278.
Umer, G. 1907. Coll. Zool. Selys, fasc. 6: 77-78.

1926. Avrch. Natg. 91A (5): 19-110.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE
(DIPTERA) OF AFRICA SOUTH OF
THE SAHARA

PART IV

PAUL FREEMAN

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 11
LONDON: 1958

; ’
ie. +

9 ts £

a omy me 7

mm stuoY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE
(DIPTERA) OF AFRICA SOUTH OF
408 SAHARA

PART TV

BY

PAUL FREEMAN

xu),
y

' Pp. 261-363 ; 2 Plates; 15 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
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LONDON : 1958

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A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE
(DIPTERA) OF AFRICA SOUTH OF
THE SAHARA

PART IV

By PAUL FREEMAN

CONTENTS
Page

INTRODUCTION . : A : : . . 264
FURTHER NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION : é z : é : 2204
TRIBE CHIRONOMINI (continued) . : : : : < 2605
Key to genera with one posterior tibial spur d : E : . 265
Genus Polypedilum : : ‘ é : é r ‘ 3: O06
Subgenus Polypedilum . ‘ : , : : : 9 207
Subgenus Pentapedilum . ; : : : : ‘ s (298

Genus Stictochironomus . : ‘ : : : : : - 304
Genus Microtendipes : : : , ‘ , : : ¢ 310
Genus Kribiocosmus ; ‘ : . : : : : Reg 3 8.
Genus Lauterborniella . ; . : ‘ ‘ z : «= 310
Genus Kribiodosis . : , ; : : : ‘ ; #124
Genus Lepidopodus ; : 3 d : : : ‘ - 326
Genus Kribiothauma : ; ‘ : : ‘ : - ees
Genus Kribioxenus ; ; ; ‘ ? . 4 : +328
Genus Kribiomyia . : ; ; 4 : ‘ ‘ ; m 326
TRIBE TANYTARSINI . : : ; ; : ; ; ‘ <. 2320
Key to genera : , ; F ; ‘ : : : - 330
Genus Micropsectra : : d ‘ ; , : P - 330
Genus Tanytarsus . : ; ‘ , . . : ‘ » 332
Subgenus Tanytarsus : : ‘ : : : : a g32
Subgenus Calopsectra : ; : : : ‘ : 343
Subgenus Fheotanytarsus . ; , ‘ : ; ; - 346
Subgenus Cladotanytarsus : ‘ : : ‘ : . 348

Genus Stempellina . ; : ; : ‘ , ; : - 352
Genus Zavrelia ; ; P : ‘ : ; ‘ « 355
Unrecognized genera and epecias F ; . Fs A : - 356
INDEX TO Parts I-IV r F ; 3 : : ‘ ‘ - 358

SYNOPSES

This is the final Part of the Study of which Parts I and II were published as Nos. 1 and 7 of
Vol. 4 and Part III as No. 9 of Vol. 5 of the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
(1955-57). In Part IV the other half of the large tribe Chironomini of the subfamily Chirono-
minae is treated together with the tribe Tanytarsini. This half of the Chironomini includes
the genera that normally have only one spur on the posterior tibia, that is, Polypedilum and
its allies. Part IV is of interest because it includes no less than 15 of the 25 genera erected by

ENTOM. 6, II. 13

264 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Kieffer in 1921 for African species of the Chironomini; these genera have remained virtually
unknown since their description, but of the 15 it has been possible to redescribe or synonymize
13, only two remaining quite unknown.

In accordance with the principles used in previous Parts, the large genera used by Edwards
in 1929 have been broken up into smaller units, so that the classification approaches that of
Goetghebuer. Eight genera are recognized in this half of the Chironomini, two more are
mentioned because they have been described by Kieffer but have not been recognized, more
than 60 species are described, nine being new.

In the tribe Tanytarsini four genera are used, Tanytarsus being employed with four subgenera ;
nearly 30 species are treated, eight being new. It is probable that further collecting of these
tiny insects will add considerably to the number of species.

Additional notes are also given of the distribution of the species of the family in Africa.

INTRODUCTION

Parts I, II and III of this Study were published as Nos. 1 and 7 of Vol. 4 and No.
9 of Vol. 5 respectively of the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
(1955-57). A general introduction to the family with special reference to the fauna
of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region) was given in Part
I which also dealt with subfamilies Tanypodinae, Diamesinae and Clunioninae.
In Part II the species of the subfamilies Orthocladiinae and Corynoneurinae were
described, whilst Part III treated the species of the first half of the tribe Chironomini
of the subfamily Chironominae, that is with the large genus Chivonomus and its
allies. Part IV which is the last of the series, deals with the other half of the tribe
Chironomini, that is with the genera centred around Polypedilum carrying only a
single spur on the posterior tibia and also with the tribe Tanytarsini.

Since publication of Part III, further large collections have been sent to me by
Monsieur J. Hamon and by Messrs. A. D. Harrison and B. R. Allanson to whom I
indebted for this assistance. These and other collections received previously have
enabled me to add further notes on the distribution of the species.

FURTHER NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION

In Part I of these Studies, I made some tentative remarks on the geographical
distribution of the species in Africa south of the Sahara. Since I wrote that Part
a good deal more material has become available and has caused me to revise some
of my opinions.

It appears that the bulk of the species have a very wide distribution and that, so
far as I can see, there is no fauna associated especially with the Guinean Forest.
Several of Kieffer’s peculiar species from Kribi have been found elsewhere, outside
the forest or else I have been able to recognize them as species already known to me
from other areas. Good examples are afforded first by Kribiothauma pulchellum, a
distinctive and easily recognized species of which I now have a male from as far away
from Kribi as Great Usutu River, Transvaal and secondly Kribiocryptus viridiventris
which I now know to be Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) niligenus, a species recorded
from both East and West Africa.

It is probable that the distribution of the species is much more dependent on
water conditions, temperature, pH and availability of food than on other factors.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 265

Presumably such light insects would be readily blown considerable distances by
winds ; also river- and stream-dwelling larvae would be carried down-stream by the
current, especially in flood conditions.

Additional material available to me since writing Part I numbers several thousand
mounted and many tubes of spirit specimens, mainly from Cape Province, Transvaal,
Belgian Congo, S. Rhodesia, Uganda, Nigeria and French West Africa. An interest-
ing feature of it is the small number of species that are new to me and this also
suggests that many of the species may have a wide distribution.

SUBFAMILY CHIRONOMINAE, TRIBE CHIRONOMINI (Continued)

The first section of this Tribe was considered in Part III of this Study ; the genera
included there were those containing species normally with two spurs at the apex
of the posterior tibia, that is, the genera centred around Chironomus. The present
Part deals with the remainder of the Tribe, that is, with the genera with only one
spur on the posterior tibia, centred around Polypedilum.

Kieffer recognized 18 genera of this section with African species. Of these, 15
were described as new in keys published in 1921. He published an earlier generic
key without species (1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1) : 269-277) and a later one in
the same year (1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90 : 25-37) as part of his series of three
papers on “ Chironomides de |’Afrique equatoriale’’. These two keys are similar
but not identical ; species for most of the new genera were described either in the
second paper or in the succeeding two papers of the series. Virtually none of these
I5 genera has since been recognized, although Goetghebuer and Edwards incorrectly
placed a species of Nilothauma in Knibioxenus (see Part III) and Goetghebuer, again
incorrectly, described an African species of Lauterborniella in Kribtomimus.

It is clearly important from the point of view of the study of the Chironomidae
as a whole to rediscover these genera and to redefine or synonymize them where
necessary. I have been able to recognize 13 of them and in Table I, I am listing all
15 with their position or probable position in this Study. I am giving such diagnoses
as are possible for the two unidentified genera Kribioxenus and Kribiomyia.

Kry To AFRICAN GENERA OF TRIBE CHIRONOMINI

SECTION II: genera regularly with only one spur on posterior tibia.

1. Squama bare; femora often swollen apically to form a slight club , P F 2
Squama fringed ; femora only swollen apically in Lepidopodus . : , : 3
2. Pulvilli well developed ; antenna of female with 6-7 segments; VIIIth abdominal
segment of male not contracted basally . : : . Lauterborniella Bause
Pulvilli scarcely distinguishable ; female antenna with, 5 segments ; VIIIth segment
of male contracted basally . F : . Kribiodosis Kieffer

3. Wing membrane with macrotrichia at least at the apex
Polypedilum subg. Pentapedilum Kieffer
Wing membrane quite bare of macrotrichia : ; y ‘ . ‘ ; 4
4. Anterior tibial scale armed with a spur. , ; : ‘ ‘ . ; 5
Anterior tibial scale quite unarmed . : . : ‘ ; ; ‘ ; 8

266 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

5. Anterior tibial spur strong and usually curved; pulvilli either absent or incon-
spicuous ; VIIIth abdominal segment of male not constricted basally F : 6
Scale either triangular and with a sharp point or oval and with a short spur at the
apex, rarely with a longer spur; pulvilli conspicuous, each split longitudinally
(only visible in slide mounts) ; VIIIth segment of male constricted basally
Polypedilum Kieffer

6. Wings plain . : ; ‘ é ‘ : P Kribioxenus Kieffer
Wings with dark pattern . ‘ , : ; : ‘ . 7

7. Wings broad, posterior fork short (PL. 3 fig. : male antenna with all segments
approximately equal, plumes absent (Text-fig. 9, ¢) . : . Kribiothauma Kieffer

Wings of normal shape, fork below cross-vein (Pl. 2, fig. m) ; male antenna normal,
A.R. about o-6 . . Kribiocosmus Kieffer

8. Prothorax reduced centrally but produced laterally asa short tubercle ; legs long and
slender, clothed with adpressed scales as well as erect bristles . Lepidopodus gen. nov.
Prothorax not like this; legs without scales ‘ Z : ; . 9

g. Prothorax much reduced, head overhung by mesonotum ; acrostichal bristles
reduced to a group at the apex of the mesonotal cone, no central mesonotal
tubercle. ‘ i . Microtendipes Kieffer

Prothorax less reduced ; acrostichal bristles either asa ‘complete double row or quite
absent ; mesonotum often with a central tubercle
Stictochironomus Kieffer and ? Kribiomyia Kieffer

TABLE I.—Single-spurred Genera Described by Kieffer in 1921 from African Species

Genus Position in present Study
Kribiothauma . ‘ Valid genus of uncertain affinities.
Kribiodosis ; , Valid genus allied to Lauterborniella.
Kribiodorum . ‘ Synonym of Lauterborniella.
Tripedilum ; : Synonym of Polypedilum.
Kribiocosmus . ; Valid genus.
Kribioxenus . ‘ Not identified.
Kribiomimus . ‘ Synonym of Microtendipes.
Kribiocharis. F Synonym of Polypedilum.
Kribionympha . ‘ Synonym of Polypedilum.
Kribiocallis ‘ : Synonym of Stictochironomus.
Kribiomyia : : Not identified.
Kribiotima Probably two names for the same genus (q.V.) ;
K seer synonym of Polypedilum.
Rosenia . ; ‘ Synonym of Polypedilum subg. Pentapedilum.
Kribiopelma . ‘ ? Synonym of Polypedilum subg. Pentapedilum.

Genus POLYPEDILUM Kieffer

Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 28: 15.

Pentapedilum Kieffer, 1913, ibid. 28 : 25.

Chironomus subg. Polypedilum Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soe. Lond. 77 : 401.
Pentapedilum subg. Pentapedilum Edwards, 1929, ibid. 77 : 376.

Antennae of male with 14 segments, of female with 6 segments ; frontal tubercles
only occasionally present. Pronotum moderately developed, usually not visible
from above, mesonotum without a central hump or tubercle (see Stictochironomus)

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 267

both acrostichal and dorso-central bristles well developed and long. Front tibial
scale either triangular and sharply pointed or else oval and with a small but definite
spur, rarely with a longer spur ; outer comb of posterior tibia and posterior comb of
middle tibia each with a single spur which is usually quite long, the other comb of
each leg is large and simple; combs not fused; pulvilli each split longitudinally
into two narrow lobes, so that with the empodium there appear to be five processes
below the tarsal claws (only visible in slide mounts). Wing membrane with or
without macrotrichia and either unmarked or with well-formed dark clouds and spots ;
squama with complete fringe ; R,,, ending not far beyond tip of R,, posterior fork
slightly or considerably beyond r-m. Eighth abdominal segment of male constricted
basally so as to appear triangular; anal point well developed, appendage 2 usually
with a long terminal hair, styles of variable shape.

In his 1929 paper on the British species of the family, Edwards treated Polypedilum
as a subgenus of Chivonomus and Pentapedilum as a separate genus to include all
the hairy-winged groups outside the Tanytarsini. In 1931 (Dipt. Pat. S. Chile,
2: 310) he revised his opinion about Pentapedilum, realizing that the included
groups were not really closely allied and he restricted the name to the group treated
as subg. Pentapedilum in his 1929 work.

Species of Pentapedilum in this restricted sense are extremely similar to species of
Polypedilum, differing only in the presence of macrotrichia on the wing membrane.
As pointed out by Edwards this is not always a good character by any means, and the
African species bear out this view, one species having hair at the extreme wing
apex only. I do not agree with Edwards that both Polypedilum and Pentapedilum
should be considered as equal subgenera of Chironomus but I prefer to follow Townes
(1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34 : 36) and place both as subgenera of the genus Polypedilum.
- Townes’s third subgenus Tvipodura is discussed under the subgenus Polypedilum.

Polypedilum is one of the better defined genera of the family. In doubtful cases
examination of the pulvilli and eighth segment of the male abdomen affords ready
means of determining the genus. As I have previously pointed out, Edwards (1929)
denied the presence of split pulvilli, but these can be seen in slide mounts under high
magnification and have been figured by Townes (1945). It is a very abundant
genus in Africa south of the Sahara.

KEY TO SUBGENERA OF Polypedilum

Macrotrichia present on wing membrane at least at apex of cell R,,, ; wings without
dark markings : : : : ; ; ; Pentapedilum Kieffer
Macrotrichia entirely absent from wing membrane; wings frequently with con-
spicuous dark markings , i - : : : ; Polypedilum Kieffer

Polypedilum KIEFFER SUBGENUS Polypedilum SENSU STRICTO

Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 28:15; Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr.
Or. Ins. Dipt. 1:21; Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16:65; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc.
sci. Brux. 41 (1): 97 (in part); Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91:19; Kieffer, 1925,
Bull. Soc. R. ent. Egypte, 1924: 265; Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28: 480;
Goetghebuer, 1937, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 56; Townes, 1945, Amer. midl. Nat
34 : 36; Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. G. F. de Witte, fasc. 83 : 25.

268 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Chironomus Kieffer, 1911, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 14: 351 (in part); Kieffer, 1918,
Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16 : 66 (in part).

Paratendipes Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1: 24 (not Kieffer, 1911, Bull.
Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 28: 41).

Tripedilum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France,
90 : 28 and 47 (SYN. NOV.).

Kribiomimus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent
France, 90 : 29 and 49 (in part).

Kribionympha Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent
France, 90:29; Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91:7 (SYN. NOV.).

Kribiotima Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1) : 274 (SYN. NOV.).

Pentapelma Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 41 (1) : 98 (? not Kieffer, 1921, 2bid. 40 (1) : 274 and 1921, Ann.
Soc. ent. France, 90 : 33).

Kribiophilus Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 90: 30 and 1922, ibid. 91: 43; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sct.
Brux. 41 (1) : 98 (SYN. NOV.).

Kribiocharis Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91: 1 (in part).

Microtendipes Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91: 8 (not Kieffer, 1915, Broteria, Sér. Zool. 13 : 70).

Chironomus subg. Polypedilum Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 401.

Polypedilum subg. Tripodura Townes, 1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34 : 36.

This, the typical subgenus, differs from Pentapedilum solely by the absence of
macrotrichia on the wing membrane.

Kieffer appears to have depended almost entirely on the condition of the pulvilli
for generic determination of species of Polypedilum and, because this is a most
difficult character to see without special preparation, he seems often to have made
mistakes. For instance, after examination of type specimens, I have found that he
placed Polypedilum alticola in Polypedilum in 1913, but that he redescribed it in
1918, this time in Chironomus. Having realized this, it became possible to identify
not only several of his species of Polypedilum which he had placed in the wrong
genera, but also to place in synonymy the genera Tripedilum (type armatifrons
monobasic) and Kribionympha (type declivis monobasic). Tripedilum armatifrons
was described from two females with frontal tubercles and is the same species as he
later described as Polypedilum longiforceps from the male; both fall as synonyms
of P. fuscipenne. It is interesting to see that although he mentioned the prominent
frontal tubercles in the former, he omitted them in the latter, but the figure of the
male hypopygium renders longiforceps easily identifiable. Kribionympha declivis
is a very similar species, the pulvilli are split and the eighth segment of the male
abdomen is narrow basally..

I was in error in 1955 in placing Kvribiocharis as a synonym of Microtendipes ;
Kieffer’s mention of the triangular eighth segment of the male abdomen makes it
clear that the type species (K. filitarsis fixed by me in 1955) is a species of Polypedilum
similar to and probably identical with P. tenuitarsis.

Kieffer was rather confused in his use of the two genera Kribiotima and Kribio-
philus. The former was described (Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1) : 274) in a key, no
included species were given and so far as I can discover, the genus was not mentioned
by him in print again. In his 1921-23 series of papers (Aun. Soc. ent. France,
90-92) the place of Kvibiotima in the key is taken by Kribiophilus, for which there
are two described species neither being fixed as the type of the genus. There is in

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 269

the British Museum a postcard written by Kieffer to W. L. Sclater on 5th September,
1923 on which he says that Kribiophilus (type pictipennis) is a subgenus of Kribiotima.
Again in 1921 (Amn. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1) : 98), he refers to Kribiophilus but this time
as a subgenus of Polypedilum.

It seems probable that Kribiotima was an earlier name and Kribiophilus a later
name for the same genus and that the latter is to be regarded as a synonym and _ not
a subgenus of the former. I hereby fix K. pictipennis Kieffer, 1922 as type of the
genus Kribiophilus. Because this is a redescription of Polypedilum quinqueguttatum
Kieffer, Kribiophilus automatically falls as a synonym of Polypedilum. There is no
discernible difference between Kvibiophilus and Kribiotima, both being separated from
Polypedilum according to Kieffer by the greater width between the eyes, and so
Kribiotima also falls as a synonym of Polypedilum.

Pentapelma was originally described by Kieffer in June 1921 (Amn. Soc. sct.
Brux. 40 (1) : 274) as a genus with hairy wings belonging to “‘ Groupe Tamytarsus”’.
No type was fixed but in a paper published on 14th December, 1921 (Amn. Soc. ent.
France, 90 : 33) he fixed zavrelt Kieffer. However, two days before this, on 12th
December, 1921 another paper of his was published (Amn. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1) : 98)
in which Pentapelma was used as a plain-winged subgenus of Polypedilum with
integrum Kieffer as type of the subgenus. Later authors have followed this inter-
pretation, but whichever is followed both appear to be synonyms, the division of
Polypedilum on wing colour not being valid.

Kieffer (1922, Ann. soc. ent. France, 91 : 8) used Microtendipes for ten species with
pointed or spurred scale to the anterior tibia, a character unknown in the species of
that genus as it is understood now. Those of the ten that I have been able to identify
are species of Polypedilum and it is likely that the remainder belong here as well,
but as only three were described from males it is difficult to be certain. I am
treating them as species of Polypedilum until there is evidence that they belong to
other genera.

Townes (1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34: 36) erected the subgenus Tvipodura for the
group of species with lateral teeth to the anal point (“ trifid’’) and with appendage
I broad. There seems to be too much variation and intergrading for this subdivision
to be accorded subgeneric rank and I am accordingly regarding it as a synonym.

The genus cannot easily be subdivided into subgenera although quite well marked
species groups can be seen. The division into those with plain wings and those with
patterned wings is not valid because of the existence of species, such as tvidens,
with plain wings having their most obvious allies amongst species with strongly
patterned wings.

Many of the species of Polypedilum are common and widespread, they are also
subject to a good deal of variation. That this variation is infraspecific is fairly
certain from study of species with distinctive features such as griseoguttatum or
vamiferum. In each of these two species the male hypopygium is of an unusual form
and the wing markings are also rather different from those of most other species.
In griseoguttatum there is variation from locality to locality in the shape of the
markings in cell R,; and in the development of the lateral teeth at the base of the
anal point as well as in the number of hairs on appendage 2. In ramiferum the

270 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

male hypopygium shows some differences in the shape of the parts, but the main
variation lies in leg colour and intensity of wing markings. A number of the species
of Kieffer and Goetghebuer have been described from varieties of this type and by
realizing the plastic nature of the wing markings of many species I have been able
not only to arrive at a better understanding of the limits of a given species but also
to synonymize many of the older names.

Seventy species have been described in Polypedilum from Africa south of the
Sahara and from Egypt, but three from Egypt seem to be Palaearctic in distribution
and have been omitted ; in addition Kieffer has described in other genera a number of
species really belonging to Polypedilum. In particular, as mentioned above, he
seems to have been confused between Polypedilum and Microtendipes in his 1921-23
papers. Of the 67 described in Polypedilum, 13 do not belong there and others are
redescriptions of previously described species.

In the material at my disposal, I am able to recognize 36 species of which four are
new. Into the 32 species that are not new, a very high proportion of the previously
described species can be fitted either as valid species or as synonyms, but there still
remain one species of Paratendipes, five of Polypedilum and five of Microtendipes
described by Kieffer mostly from females which I am unable satisfactorily to place.
These are as follows :

Polypedilum lumiense and Paratendipes tavetanus 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or.
Ins. Dipt. 1: 21-22. The type series of these are in the Paris Museum, but being
small plain winged females it is not possible to assign them to one of the species
described below. Type locality of both KENyA : Taveta.

Polypedilum leucolabis 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91:22. Described from a
male with plain wings ; the hypopygium is white, appendage I narrow and curved,
appendage 2 bilobed at the extremity. Type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS; Kribi.

Polypedilum nymphella 1922, ibid. 91:26. Described from a small female which
was separated from other species mainly by being entirely whitish and is probably
unrecognizable. Type lost, locality Kribi.

Polypedilum distans 1922, tbid. 91:27. Again described from a pale female
(length 2-5 mm.) with plain wings, but as the scale of the anterior tibia is rounded
it may not belong to this genus at all. Type lost, locality SUDAN : Shambe.

Polypedilum pumilio 1922, bid. 91:28. The small male from which this was
described (length 1-5 mm.) was separated from distans by the mouthparts equalling
only half the height of the head ; hypopygium simple, appendage I curved and narrow
Type lost, locality Kribi.

Microtendipes magnipennis, pilosicornis, truncatus, kribiensis and calcaratus 1922,
ibid. 91: 12-14. All were described from females from Kribi and were separated
from each other by minor structural points ; they may well be females of species of
the group of Polypedilum fuscipenne and longinervis. All the types are lost.

Key TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Polypedilum SuBGENUS Polypedilum

1. Wings patterned, usually boldly marked with dark spots and clouds, in a few species
markings faint but distinguishable in cell R,; or at cross-vein and posterior fork . 2
Wings without markings in any of the cells . ; : ; , , : 17

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 271

2. Wing markings very faint (Pl. 1, figs. c, k) ; occasional specimens of quinqueguttatum
have very pale spots and can be recognized by the male nypeayenm ; ‘ 3
Wing markings bold : : : 5
3. Three faint spots in cell R, ; anal point not trifid (Text- fig. 1, b) . deletum Goetghebuer
Faint clouds in base only of cell R; and over Cu ‘ 3 : ; ‘ j 4
4. Anal point trifid (Text-fig. 2, e) ; : a eed : : . aegyptium Kieffer
Anal point simple (Text-fig. 2, f) ; ‘ . subovatum sp. n.
5. Wings with a discrete dark spot in basal cell, basal toc cross-vein (e.g. Pl. 1, figs. f, /) 6
Wings lacking a dark spot here although there may be general clouding ‘ , 8
6. Cell R, with three spots of variable shape . t, baa I-o) . . griseoguttatum Kieffer
Cell R,; with two spots only : . ‘ ; : : : 7
7. Base ey, cell R, clear (Pl. 1, fig. f) : , , : , . abyssiniae Kieffer
Base of cell R, with a dark spot (PI. 1, fig. h) d : ; . longicrus Kieffer
8. Wing very aark or blackish with clear oS (Flas, fig. <a ; alboguttatum Kieffer
Wing much paler, pattern different . ; , ; : ‘ 9
9g. Base of cell R; with a large clear area (PI. 1, figs. de) : : , ; ; ste)
Base of cell R, occupied by a dark spot. : : . : - , rr
to. Wing markings as in Pl. 1, fig. d, cross-vein clouded . ; : . tenuitarsis Kieffer
Wings with cross-vein clear (Pl. 1, fig.e) . . : : : : : ; 10a
toa. Anal point of male simple (Text-fig. 1, e) ; tract in cell M, entire (PI. 1, fig. e)
annulatipes Kieffer
Anal point trifid ; tract broken into two spots . F . allansoni sp. n.
11. Basal third of cell R; occupied by a ae dark conspicuous mark a Ty EB) se
large dark species ; ‘ : ‘ alticola Kieffer
The spot in this position much smaller : : : ; : 12
12. Abdominal segments with pale apical rings, wings as in 1 Pl. I, , figs. ? ae ‘ F 13
Abdominal segments without pale rings. , ; 14
13. Legs with yellow and black markings on tibiae and tarsi ; wings : as in PL. 1, lig. p ;
male styles with long plumose hairs (Text-fig. 3, a) . 8 . rvamiferum Kieffer
Legs without these markings ; wings as in Pl. 1, fig.g; style hain simple, appendage
1 reduced (Text-fig. 3, b) . : : : albosignatum Kieffer
14 Wing length 2:5 mm. or more, large dark species, wing pattern as in Pl. 1, fig. d) ;
male hypopygium similar to alticola (Text-fig. 1, a) . P ; . natalense Kieffer
Wing length 1-5 mm. or less, very small species . . . ‘ g ; , 15
15. Cell R; with three dark markings (PI. 1, fig. 7) ; male hypopygium as in Text-fig. 2, d
pruina Freeman
Cell R,; with only two dark spots : : ; 16
16. Wings with dark spots below apices of veins ‘Miis ‘and Moss (PL ¥ fig. 2): ; anal point
of male very fine (Text-fig. 2, a), not trilobed . : A quinqueguttatum Kieffer
Wing markings without these spots (PI. 1, fig. 7) ; anal point broad and with lateral
spines making it appear trifid (Text-fig. 2, c) . : ' 4 . tropicum Kieffer
17. Well-developed frontal tubercles present . ; ‘ ‘ : ' : / 18
Frontal tubercles absent . ‘ ‘ 20
18. L.R. more siti 2; thorax mainly ane or radia: a front tarsi ae feared : 19
L.R. about 1-1 ; thorax black ; male front tarsi bearded . : lobiferum Freeman
19. Scale of front tibia short and black, spur is and black; male styles long (Text-
fig. 3, d). ‘ 3 fuscipenne Kieffer
Scale of front tibia longer and Soliow, spur ae short aad dark: male styles more
or less oval (Text-fig. 3,e) . : : . declivis Kieffer
20. Eyes practically touching above ; pitecor pine pie : : subconfluens Kieffer
Eyes separated by at least the apical width of the narrow portion : ; , ot
21. Thorax pale but with a strongly marked dark lateral stripe on the pleuron. ; 23

If thorax pale then pleuron without obvious dark stripe. : ° : : 23

272 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

ee. Larger species, wing length 2-3 mm., cross-vein er appendage 1 of male hypo-

pygium bilobed (Text- fig. 3, g) ; ; : . longinervis Kieffer

Very small species, wing length 1-6-8 mm., cross-vein normal; appendage 1 not
bilobed 5. ; : laterale Goetghebuer

23. Segments 1-5 of abdomen yellow with a saddle- shaped black spot on segment 3,
thorax and segments 6-8 black . ; ‘ . ephippium sp. n.
Abdomen not like this, if it is pale then there is no black spot on segment 3 only . 24
24. Thorax and abdomen black . ; 7 ; ; ; ; 25
Thorax and abdomen at the most brown, usually paler ; . 27
25. Small species, wing length 1-5 mm., anal point trifid (Text- a3 z; s) : iridens Freeman
Larger, wing length 2-3 mm., anal point simple . : } : 26
26. Halteres black : : ; ‘ ’ . ; : fuscum Freeman
Halteres pale . j : incoloripenne Goetghebuer

27. Thorax yellowish and with a pair of circular black spots at enterior ends of lateral
stripes = ‘ r . : : ° : bipustulatum sp. n.
Thorax without these spots ; ; , ; ; 28
28. Appendage 1 of male hypopygium broad (Text- fig. 4, d) ; . ; , ; 29
Appendage 1 narrow (Text-figs. 4, a, e, g) . ; ; 30

29. Abdomen pale, sometimes with narrow dark rings at apices of segments
kibatiense Goetghebuer

Abdomen dark with pale rings at apices of segments . ‘ ‘ annulatum Freeman
30. Halteres black ; 2 ‘ ‘ ; ; i : ‘ : ‘ ‘ 31
Halteres pale . , : : : : 32
31. A.R. of male 1-6, styles wider (Text- fig. 4,é 2) ; ‘ ‘ : brunneicornis Kieffer

A.R. only 0-5, styles narrower (Text-fig. 4, g)
melanophilus Kieffer and glabripennis Kieffer
32. Front tibial scale with short spur; colour pale brown : ’ ’ ' 33
Front tibial spur black and as long as the scale; colour darker brown
vanderplanki Hinton
33. Appendage 1 of male hypopygium strongly curved and with a narrow apex (Text-
fig.4,a) . ‘ ; : bifalcatum Kieffer
Appendage 1 similar to brunneicornis: (Text- fig. ne ae ; : dewulft Goetghebuer

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) alticola Kieffer

Polypedilum alticola Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1:22; Freeman, 1955,
Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte 83: 26; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life.
Uppsala, 2 : 377.

Chironomus ornatipennis Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16 : 68 (SYN. NOV.).

A large dark species with strongly marked wings. It is readily recognized by the
large dark spot which fills the basal quarter or third of cell R,; male styles very
bulky, hypopygium similar to natalense. It is a species found especially in moun-
tainous regions but in South Africa there are specimens more or less intermediate
between it and natalense suggesting that the two may only be forms of each other.

Male. Wing length 3-4:5 mm.

Head and mouthparts blackish, antennae brown, A.R. about 1-5, frontal tubercles
absent. Thorax blackish or dark brown, dorso-central and acrostichal bristles
strongly developed and pale, lines of hairs and thoracic margins pruinose. Legs
yellowish or brownish, femora may be darker, anterior tibia subequal to femur,
L.R. about 1-4, scale triangular and with tiny spur, tarsus not bearded. Wings

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 273

(see Pl. 1, fig. a of female) strongly marked and clouded, although not as strongly as
in the female ; the most conspicuous spots are in cell R,, the basal one occupying
sometimes a third of the cell and usually at least a quarter, other markings more
vague ; some specimens from Cape Province and Natal, have the basal mark in
cell R; smaller than usual and the other markings more discrete, thus approaching
the condition seen in natalense ; halteres with black knobs and pale stems. Abdomen
black, apices of segments or sometimes whole incisures pale ; hypopygium (Text-
fig. 1, a) with bulky styles, appendage 1 and anal point both narrow, exactly similar
to natalense.

Female resembles male ; wing markings more intense, abdomen may have more
extensive pale markings, especially laterally.

I have seen cotypes of alticola in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris
(type locality KENyA: nr. Fort Hall) and also the type male of ornatipennis which
was in the Hungarian National Museum (NATAL: New Hanover).

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: 2 4, Berg R., Assegaibos, 11.1953 (K. M. F.
Scott). NATAL: 1 3, Kloof, ix.1926 (R. E. Turner); 1 3, 5 2, Natal National
Park, iii.1932 (A. Mackie); 6 3, 2 9, Estcourt, ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison).
TRANSVAAL: 5 dg, nr. Lydenburg, v.1951 (P. Brinck). S. RHODESIA: 1 3, Umtali,
iv.1929 (A. Cuthbertson). ANGOLA: I 9, Benguela (L. Massey). TANGANYIKA:
I 9, Njombe, 6,000 ft., ii. 1951 (W. Peters). BELGIAN CONGO: 102 Q, Parc. Nat.
Albert (de Witte); 1 9, V. Karissimbi, Nya Muzinga, i.1926 (H. Schouteden).
KENnyA: 4 4, Kabete (R. H. Deakin) and 5 9, xi.1913 (T. J. Anderson); 2 4,
Nairobi, v.1927 (Symes & Hopkins); 1 9, Solai Distr., Sonje V., ix.1g19 (T. J.
Anderson) ; 11 g, Mt. Elgon, Heath Zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., ii. 1935 (f°. W. Edwards) ;
I 9, Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 8,000 ft., x.1934 (fF. W. Edwards). ETHIOPIA:
2 $, Bahrdar, x—xi.1952 (G. Covell); 2 9, Dessie, xii.35-1.36 (J. W. S. Macfie) ;
I 2, Waldia, 1.1936 (J. W. S. Macfie) ; 1 3, 1 9, Alamata, iii. 1936 (J. W. S. Macfie) ;
I g, Koram, iii. 1936 (J. W. S. Macfie). Supan: 5 3, 48 9, W. Darfur, Jebel Murra,
Killing, 7,000 ft., vi.1932 (M. Steele).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) natalense Kieffer

Chironomus natalensis Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16 : 67.
Polypedilum brevistilum Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 178 (SYN. NOV.).

Similar to alticola in general appearance and structure, wing length 2-5—2-75
mm., thorax more generally pruinose, abdomen without pale rings at the incisures,
but sometimes paler laterally ; hypopygium similar to alticola. The main difference
between the two lies in the wing markings which are much more restricted and dis-
crete in natalense (Pl. 1, fig. b). As stated under alticola there are specimens of that
species with wing markings approaching those of natalense suggesting that the two
may be forms of one species, but longer series and more distributional data are
necessary before it is possible to decide this.

I have seen the holotype male of natalense which was in the Hungarian National
Museum (type locality NATAL: New Hanover). The holotype male of brevistilum
is in the British Museum (CAPE Province: Berg River).

274 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

DISTRIBUTION. Apart from the holotypes and other specimens from the type
localities of CAPE PROVINCE, NATAL and BELGIAN ConGco: Elisabethville, I have
seen: TRANSVAAL: I 9, Pongola R. Settlements, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison); 2 9,
Lydenburg, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison). S. RHODESIA: I 9, Salisbury, v.1956
(E. T. M. Reid). NyasaLanp: 1 3, Langenburg (Fiillerborn).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) deletum Goetghebuer

Polypedilum deletum Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 483; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr.
Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 377.

Polypedilum obsoletum Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 488 ; Freeman, 1955, Explor.
Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 83 : 27 (SYN. NOV.).

Blackish or very dark brown, legs pale, halteres black, wings with three faint
grey spots in cell R; and with veins more or less seamed with grey; male styles
swollen, anal point and appendage I simple. Although the wing markings are much
paler than in alticola, their positions are similar and the male genital structure also
bears a resemblance.

Male. Wing length 2-3 mm.

Head and mouthparts black or very dark brown, frontal tubercles absent, antennae
brown, A.R. about 2. Thorax blackish or very dark brown, slightly pruinose,
bristles dark, scutellum sometimes paler; pruinosity of hair lines and of stripes
changeable. Legs yellow, femora sometimes darker, tarsal beard absent, L.R.
1°75, anterior tibial scale oval and with a short colourless spine. Wings (Pl. 1,
fig. c) practically hyaline but with faint grey spots in the base, near the middle and
at the apex of cell R,;; veins, especially fork veins, more or less grey seamed or
clouded. Halteres with black knobs. Abdomen black or dark brown, without
pale bands; hypopygium (Text-fig. 1, 6) with styles swollen but less so than in
alticola, anal point and appendage I narrow.

Female resembles male.

I have seen the holotypes of both species ; deletum is clearly the male (BELGIAN
Conco: Vitshumbi) and obsoletum the female (UGANDA: Namasagali) of the same
species ; both are in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren.

DISTRIBUTION. GOLD Coast: 2 9, Red Volta, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Crisp).
NIGERIA: 2 9, Kankiya (B. McMillan). UGANDA: 2 4, Jinja, i.1956 (P. S. Corbet).
BELGIAN Conco: series from Parc Nat. Albert and from Kivu; 2 4, 5 9, Elisabeth-
ville, xii.1938 (H. J. Brédo). S. RHODESIA: 8 J, Salisbury, v.1956 (E. T. M. Reid).
TRANSVAAL: 2 9, Letaba, v.1951 (P. Brinck).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) fuscum Freeman
Polypedilum fuscum Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23 : 177.

A medium-sized black species, very similar to deletum, from which it may be
separated by the wing markings and possibly by the male genital structures. The
wings have no distinct spots but the veins are seamed with grey and there is a grey
longitudinal shadow just discernible in cell R,; running the complete length of the

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 275

cell just behind vein R,;; halteres black. Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 1, c) with
styles more pointed than in deletwm and with proportions of parts slightly different,
but this may be variable. Whether this species and the following one are really
distinct from deletum is not certain, but until more is known of the range of variability
it is convenient to maintain them as separate species.

Fic. 1. Male hypopygia of Polypedilum (Polypedilum). (a) P. alticola; (b) P. deletum ;
(c) P. fuscum ; (d) P. tenuitarsis ; (e) P. annulatipes ; (f) P. abyssiniae.

276 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Holotype male in the British Museum (type locality CAPE PRovincE: Hermanus
Waterfall).

DISTRIBUTION. Apart from the type series, I have seen: TRANSVAAL: I 9,
Nelspruit, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison); 1 3, Sabie-Pilgrim’s Rest Road, ix.1954
(A. D. Harrison).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) incoloripenne Goetghebuer

Polypedilum incoloripenne Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28: 486; Freeman, 1955,
Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 83 : 27.

As with fuscum, this species is very similar to deletwm in structure and general
appearance. It may be distinguished from both by the absence of all wing markings
and by the pale halteres ; male hypopygium with styles more pointed as in fuscum
and proportions more as in that species.

I have seen the holotype male in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren (type
locality BELGIAN ConGo: Rutshuru).

DISTRIBUTION. The only other specimens known to me are from BELGIAN
Conco: Lac Magera (de Witte).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) tenuitarsis Kieffer

Kribiomimus leucolabis Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 50 (not Polypedilum leucolabis
Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1) : 98) (SYN. Nov).
? Kribiocharis filitarsis Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91: 2.
Kribiocharis tenuitarsis Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91: 6.
Polypedilum fenestratum Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28: 485; Freeman, 1955,
S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 376 (SYN. NOV.).

A small pale species with strongly marked wings; thorax yellowish with stripes
hardly darker, pleura with a dark stripe, abdomen darker but apices of segments
pale, wing markings more or less in form of two bands with an oval clear area at
base of cell R; and another in fork cell, apex also darkened. Although the types
are lost, Kieffer’s descriptions of leucolabis and tenwitarsis leave no doubt that both
are earlier descriptions of fenestratum; K. filitarsis is more doubtful, although it
is certainly a Polypedilum because of the triangular eighth segment and closely
resembles this species, and I prefer to leave it as a query synonym. The name
leucolabis is preoccupied by a species published two days earlier; I prefer not to
follow page precedence but to use the more certain name for the species.

Male. Wing length 1-3-5 mm.

Head yellowish, A.R. 2:5. Thorax yellowish, shoulders white, stripes slightly
darker, pleura with a median dark stripe. Legs mainly yellowish, femora more or
less darkened at apex, anterior tibia with sub-basal dark ring and dark at apex,
other tibiae may be dark as well; scale with short spur; anterior tarsi missing
but probably as in female, i.e. L.R. 2, segment 1 with apical third dark, segments
2-4 with apical half or more dark. Wangs (Pl. 1, fig. d of female) with main marking
as a broad band from apical half of R, across posterior fork cell and apex of anal cell,
leaving a pale spot in fork cell ; a second, more poorly developed band reaches from

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 277

cross-vein to middle of anal cell ; apical band extended in cell M, both apically and
basally sometimes more or less joined to basal band as shown in figure of female ;
apex of wing also with a small dark patch; base of cell R, clear and forming a
conspicuous pale spot. Halteres dark. Abdomen yellowish brown with variable
dark markings, each segment broadly pale apically, styles pale; hypopygium
(Text-fig. 1, d) with narrow appendage I and anal point, appendage 2 with long
apical hair.

Female resembles male but wings more strongly patterned.

The types of leucolabis, filitarsis and tenuitarsis are lost, all were from FRENCH
CAMEROONS: Kribi. I have seen the holotype female of fenestvalis in Musée Royal
du Congo Belge, Tervuren (BELGIAN ConGco: Vitshumbi).

DISTRIBUTION. NIGERIA: I 9, Zaria, xi.1956 (B. McMillan). Supan: 1 &,
Muklei, v.1953 (G. S. Rennie) ; series of 92 from Amadi, Yirol, Wau and Tonga,
1952-54 (E. T. M. Reid. BELGian Conco: 1 4, 1 9, Maka Lualaba, i.1939 (H. J.
Brédo); 1 3, Elisabethville, xii.1938 (H. J. Brédo). TRANSVAAL: I Q, Letaba,
v.1951 (P. Brinck). The type localities are additional.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) annulatipes Kieffer

Polypedilum annulatipes Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 100; Kieffer, 1922, Ann.

Soc. ent. France, 91 : 30.

? Polypedilum octostictum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 101; Kieffer, 1922, Ann.

Soc. ent. France, 91 : 39.

Polypedilum octomaculatum Goetghebuer, 1934, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 25: 195; Goetghebuer,

1936, ibid. 28 : 488 (SYN. NOV.).

A small dark species with wing pattern not unlike tenwitarsis but the cross-vein
and basal cells are quite clear and there is a discrete spot in the apical half of cell
R,; ; male hypopygium with appendage 1 clubbed. P. annulatipes is easy to recognize
from Kieffer’s description and octomaculatum at any rate must fall as a synonym.
The description of octostictum is not quite so certain, but the resemblance is strong
and it probably is another synonym. The wing pattern resembles allansoni (see
below) but the male hypopygium is quite different.

Male. Wing length 1-5-1-8 mm.

Head and mouthparts dark brown, antennae paler, A.R. about 2. Thorax dark
brown or blackish and pruinose, pruinosity of hair lines and stripes changeable ;_ dorso-
central bristles pale and uniserial. Legs yellowish brown, the femora being the darkest
part with tips blackish and with a subapical pale band which is progressively wider
from front to back legs ; L.R. 2, anterior tarsus not bearded, scale triangular and with
sharp point. Wungs (PI. 1, fig. e of female) with a broad band as shown and separate
spots in cell R;, anal cell and below posterior fork; there may be additional
darkening at the apex of fork cell and the area of darkening in cell M, may be more
extended basally but it does not reach basal to cross-vein. Halteres pale. Abdomen
black ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 1, e) with narrow styles, anal point elongate, appen-
dage 1 club-shaped.

Female very similar to male ; some specimens from Gold Coast have wing length
only I-o mm.

ENTOM, 6, II, 14

278 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

The holotype male of annulatipes (locality BELGIAN ConGo: Go) and holotype
female of octosticum (FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi) are both lost. I have seen the
holotype male of octomaculatum in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren (locality
BELGIAN ConGo: Kisantu).

DISTRIBUTION. GOLD CoAsT: 13 9, Kete Krachi, x.1898 (Graf Zech). NIGERIA:
2 2, Abuja, xii.1954 (R. W. Crosskey); 1 3, Katsina, x.1956 (B. McMillan).
SuDAN: 2 9, Amadi, vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). Brtcian Conco: 1 4, Banana
(H. Schouteden) ; 1 9, Elisabethville, xii.1938 (H. J. Brédo); holotype of octo-
maculatum, Kisantu. S. RHODESIA: I J, 5 9, Salisbury, v.1956 (E. T. M. Reid).
TRANSVAAL: 3 3, Pongola R. Settlements, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison). NATAL:
I 9, Weenen, x.1924, (H. P. Thomasset).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) abyssiniae Kieffer

Polypedilum abyssiniae Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16 : 65.

Polypedilum niveiforceps Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 101; Kieffer, 1922, Ann.
Soc. ent. France, 91: 41 (SYN. NOV.); Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de
Witte, 83 : 26.

Polypedilum novemguttatum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 101; Kieffer, 1922,
Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91 : 42 (SYN. NOV.).

A small dark species with patterned wings ;_ there is a spot basal to the cross-vein
as in longicrus and griseoguttatum but it may be distinguished from these by the
clear base to cell R,; and by the smaller spot behind the apex of R,,;. Male anal
point unusual, it is conical and with broad flattened spines each side. I was able to
see the type of abyssimiae ; the other two belong here judging from the wing pattern
and the male genital structure of mivetforceps.

Male. Wing length 1-5 mm.

Head blackish, mouthparts brown, A.R. about 1-4. Thorax very dark brown,
prescutellar area quite strongly pruinose, lines of bristles also pruinose. Legs
yellowish brown, apices of femora darkened ; tibial scale oval and with a short
spur, L.R.2. Wings (PI. 1, fig. f of female) with markings very similar to the female
but not always as intense, spot at apex of fork cell sometimes almost absent ;
important features are the two markings in cell R; and the spot basal to cross-vein.
Halteres pale. Abdomen black, styles pale; hypopygium (Text-fig. 1, f) usually
with broad conical anal point fringed with 4-5 flattened spines each side, but it may
be more square than conical in some specimens ; appendage 1 with broad apex which
is flattened, turned up and produced inwardly, appendage 2 also broad and with about
12 curved hairs at the apex ; some specimens from L. Tanganyika have the hairs on
appendage 2 greatly reduced, only 3-4 being present.

Female resembles male, wing pattern usually more intense (PI. 1, fig. f).

I have seen a cotype female of abyssiniae which was in the Hungarian National
Museum (locality ApyssiniA: Lake Dembel); the type series of miveiforceps
(SUDAN : Shambe) and of novemguttatum (SUDAN : Mongola) are lost.

DISTRIBUTION. ETHIOPIA: cotype female, Lake Dembel. SUDAN: _ series
taken at light on river steamer, Adok, Melut, Shambe, xi.1953 (E. T. M. Reid).
BELGIAN CONGO: 23 4, 22 9, Parc National Albert (H. Damas); 5 3g, Kabimba

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 279

(L. Tanganyika), viii.1953 (J. Verbeke). TANGANYIKA: 5 g, 2 92, Kigoma, L.
Tanganyika, viii.1956 (P. S. Corbet). TRANSVAAL: 1 g, Hartebeestpoort Dam,
iv.1957 (B. R. Allanson); 1 3, Kruger National Park, v.1957 (A. D. Harrison).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) quinqueguttatum Kieffer

Polypedilum quinqueguttatum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 100; Kieffer, 1922,

Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91 : 32.

Polypedilum septemguttatum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 100; Kieffer, 1922,

Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91 : 32 (SYN. NOV.).

Polypedilum sexguttatum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 100; Kieffer, 1922, Ann.

Soc. ent. France, 91 : 35 (SYN. NOV.).

Kribiophilus pictipennis Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91 : 43 (SYN. NOV.).
Polypedilum niloticum Kieffer, 1925, Bull. Soc. R. ent. Egypte, 1924 : 271 (SYN. NOV.).

This and the next two species are small brown species very similar in general
appearance and wing pattern but readily distinguished by the male hypopygium ;
in the present species the anal point is extremely narrow and set on a conical IXth
tergite, also appendage 2 has about 12 curved hairs. Wings of all three species with
well-formed spots at base of M,,», in centre of cell R;, over Cu and in centre of anal
cell; in quinqueguttatum there are also spots at the apices of both branches of M
and no spot basal to the cross-vein. I have not seen the types of any of Kieffer’s
species but the descriptions, with characteristic wing pattern leave no doubt about
their identity.

Male. Wing length 1-3-1-5 mm.

Head and mouthparts brown, A.R. about 1-1. Thorax brown or dark brown,
with some pruinosity especially in the prescutellar area. Legs yellowish, femora
darker basally ; tibial scale oval and with very small spur, L.R. 1-8. Wangs (PI. I,
fig. g of female) with six spots which are smaller than in longicrus and there is not
one basal to cross-vein, sometimes spots rather faint. Halteres with brown or
dark knobs. Abdomen black, styles pale. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 2, a) with charac-
teristic narrow anal point set on conical IXth tergite; appendage 1 foot-shaped,
appendage 2 with about 12 hairs.

Female resembles male.

The types of all species are lost, the first four were all described from FRENCH
CAMEROONS: Kribi, with only sexguttatum being known in the male; niloticum
was described from a male from EGypt: Maadi.

DISTRIBUTION. NIGERIA: 2 9, Abuja, xii.1954 (R. W. Crosskey). SUDAN:
3 9, Khartoum, x.1951 (D. J. Lewis); 63, 2 9, Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid).
NATAL: I 4, Tugela R., Ngobevu, iii.1954 and 1 J, 1 2, Jameson’s Drift, iv.1954
(W. D. Oliff). With the type localities this species has a very wide distribution.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) longicrus Kieffer

Polypedilum longicrus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux 41 (1): 101; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent.
France, 91 : 40.

Polypedilum duodecimpustulatum Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 484 (SYN. NOV.) ;
Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 93 : 27 (not Freeman, 1955, S. Afr.
Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 377—see P. tropicum).

280 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

A small species with patterned wings, differing from guinqueguttatum and tropicum
only in the wing pattern and male hypopygium. Wings (PI. 1, fig. h) have some
apical grey clouding around the margin, a spot basal to the cross-vein and a grey
tract between M,,, and M3,,, in addition to the four main spots which are present
in all three species. Anal point of male (Text-fig. 2, b) short and stout and strongly
bent downwards, IXth tergite broad, the whole appearance being more like tropicum
than guinqueguttatum ; appendage 2 carries about six curved hairs and appendage
I is curved.

The identity of Jongicrus is quite certain from the original description although
the type is lost (type locality BELGIAN ConGo: Go); I have seen the holotype of
12-pustulatum in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren and can confirm the
synonymy (type locality BELGIAN Conco: Vitshumbi).

DISTRIBUTION. GOLD CoAsT: I g, 2 9, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Crisp). SUDAN:
numerous specimens, Rier, Khartoum, Wad Medani, Shambe, Wau (D. J. Lewis,
S. Hirst, E. T. M. Reid). UGANDA: Ig, Nimule, viii.rtg1z. BELGIAN Conco:
2 3, Kamande (H. Damas) ; 3 3, Elisabethville, iii.1939 (H. J. Brédo). The type
localities are additional.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) tropicum Kieffer

Polypedilum tropicum Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1: 21.

Polypedilum trilobatum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 100; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc.
ent. France, 91:34; Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 83: 27 (SYN.
NOV.).

re ee ? duodecimpustulatum Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 377 (not
Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 484). ‘

This species, again, can only be distinguished from quinqueguitatum and longicrus
by the wing markings (PI. 1, fig. 7) and the male hypopygium (Text-fig. 2, c). Wings
with four large spots and a slight grey tract between the branches of M; no spot
basal to cross-vein. Hypopygium with a three-lobed anal point, appendage 2
narrow and with only three, well spaced, hairs; appendage 1 slightly curved
outwards.

I have seen the holotype female of tropicum in Muséum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, Paris (type locality KEnyA: Taveta); the male hypopygial structure
agrees exactly with the figure given by Kieffer in his description of P. tvilobatum,
the type series of which is lost (type locality SuDAN: Mongola).

DISTRIBUTION. NIGERIA: 4 9, Abuja, xii.1954 (R. W. Crosskey). SUDAN:
2 9, Amadi and 1 9, Juba, vi-vii.1954 (EZ. T. M. Reid). BELGIAN Conco: I g,
May-ya-Moto (de Witte). TRANSVAAL: I 34, Pongola Settlements, ix.1954 (A. D.
Harrison) ; 1 2, Skukuza, v.1955 (A. D. Harrison). BAsuTOLAND: I 9, Makhake
Mts. (P. Brinck). CAPE PROVINCE: 5 9, Tzitzikama Forest (P. Brinck).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) pruina Freeman

Polypedilum pruina Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 179; Freeman, 1955, S.
Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 376.

Very similar to the preceding three species but easily distinguished by the presence

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 281

of three distinct spots in cell R,,; and by the male hypopygium which is more like
that of aegyptium.

Male. Wing length 1-3-1-5 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. hardly more than 1. Thorax
dark brown and pruinose especially in prescutellar area, pruinosity changes on to
stripes when direction of light changes. Legs yellowish, basal two-thirds of femora
darker, anterior legs whitish and with tarsal segments 2-5 darker basally, L.R.
about 1-75, scale oval and with short spine at apex. Wungs (Pl. 1, fig. 7 of female)
with three spots in cell R;, other spots very similar to those of quinqueguttatum,
no spot basal to cross-vein; halteres with brown knobs. Abdomen blackish ;
hypopygium (Text-fig. 2, d) with anal point broad and downturned and with lateral
teeth basally of variable length giving a trilobed appearance ; appendage 1 with
two long strong inwardly pointing spines and a curved apical one; appendage 2
with about 6-7 apical hairs.

Female resembles male. :

Holotype male in the British Museum (type locality CAPE PROVINCE : Piquetberg).

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: type locality; 7 3g, Upington, xi.1950 (P.
Brinck). NATAL: I 9, Weenen, x.1924 (H. P. Thomasset); 1 g, Mooi River,
Keate’s Drift, iv.1954 (W. D. Oluff). SuDAN: 1 3, Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M.
Reid). NIGERIA: I g, Kankiya, xii.1956-1.1957 (B. McMillan).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) aegyptium Kieffer

Polypedilum aegyptium Kieffer, 1925, Bull. Soc. R. ent. Egypte, 1924 : 270 (Polypedilum iris on
the figure—laps. cal.).

Polypedilum iris Goetghebuer, 1937, 7m Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 61 (in part).

Polypedilum atvense Freeman, 1956, Bull. I. F. A. N. 18 (A) : 96 (SYN. NOV.).

A small dark species, easily separated from all except the next by the faint wing
markings ; separated from subovatum sp. n. by the quite different male hypopygium.

Although the type series is lost, the species can be recognized from the description
and figure of the male hypopygium which Kieffer unfortunately labelled as belonging
to his previous species (iris). This is clearly an error because i7is is described from
the female only. Goetghebuer (1937) followed this error and redescribed ivis with
aegypttum hypopygium. I described aivense before I had appreciated the identity
of aegyptium, and it must fall as a synonym.

Male. Wing length 1-4-1-6 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. about 1:2. Thorax dark brown and
pruinose, shoulders slightly paler. Legs yellowish brown, tibial scale conical and with
short spur, L.R. 1-75. Wings (PI. 1, fig. k of female) with a faint cloud at the base
of cell R;, more or less connected to a similar cloud in base of fork cell and apex
of anal cell and with another cloud placed centrally in the anal cell; long veins
sometimes faintly seamed with grey, cell R, occasionally with a faint cloud at the
apex. Halteres pale or with brownish knobs. Abdomen black; hypopygium
(Text-fig. 2, e) very similar to pruina but appendage I more angular and only one
inner spine present, appendage 2 with more hairs.

282 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Female resembles male, tibiae may have dark apices.

Type series lost (locality Ecypr: Maadi). Holotype male of aivense in Institut
francais d’Afrique noire, Dakar (locality FRENCH WeEsT AFRICA: Niger, Air).

DISTRIBUTION. EGypT: 1 3, Moascar, 11.1942 (J. W. S. Macfie). SuDAN:
I g, I 2, Merowe (S. Hirst); 8 3, 7 2, Wad Medani, ii.1952 (D. J. Lewis); 1 Q,
Rier, ii.1946 (D. J. Lewis). FRENCH WEsT AFRICA: Niger, Air, type series of
airense.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) subovatum sp. n.

In colour, general structure and wing pattern, exactly similar to aegyptiwm but
easily separated by the male genital structure. Anal point lacking lateral teeth
(Text-fig. 2, f), appendage 1 much broader and ovate with 6 long hairs, appendage
2 with about 18 curved hairs.

Female not known.

Holotype male, CAPE PROVINCE: Berg River, Driefontein, 17.xii.54 (K. M. F.
Scott) in the British Museum.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) tridens Freeman
Polypedilum tridens Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert. Miss. de Witte, 83: 28.

A wide-spread, small, dark species with plain wings and dark halteres ; anal point
of male trifid and whole hypopygium very similar to others with this character
especially allansont, but easily separated from them by the plain wings ; the female
is difficult to distinguish from other dark, plain-winged species although the dark
halteres are sometimes helpful.

Male. Wing length 1-5 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae dark brown, A.R. about 1°5. Thorax dark
brown, paler on the shoulders, pruinose on shoulders and between stripes. Legs
yellowish, tibial scale triangular and with a well-formed black spine at apex, L.R. 2.
Wings unmarked or veins very slightly seamed with grey; halteres with dark
knobs. Abdomen blackish; hypopygium (Text-fig. 2, g) with anal point short,
broad and arched and with a short lateral pointed lobe on each side ; appendage I
short broad and pubescent with a larger spine projecting inwardly ; appendage 2
with 8—9 curved hairs in two rows.

Female resembles male.

Holotype male in collection of Institut des Parcs nationaux du Congo Belge
(type locality BELGIAN Conco: Rutshuru).

DISTRIBUTION. EGypT: 64,3 9, Moascar, ii-iii.1942 (J. W. S. Macfie). SupaAN:
7 g, 2 9, Shambe, Adok and Rumbek (E£. T. M. Reid). AByssINIA: I 3, 2 9,
Waldia, i-ii.1939 (J. W. S. Macfie). NIGERIA: 5 J, Zaria, xi.1956 (B. McMillan).
FRENCH WEST AFRICA: 15 6, 4 9, Haute Volta, nr. Banfora, xii.1956 (J. Hamon).
UGANDA: I dg, Jinja, i.1956 (P. S. Corbet). BELGIAN ConGo: type series from
Parc National Albert ; 30 ¢, 9 9, Maka Lualaba, i.1939 (H. J. Brédo); 9 3, 11 ,
Elisabethville, xii. 1938-iv.1939 (H. J. Brédo); 1 3, Eala, 1.1935 (J. Ghesquiere).

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 283

TRANSVAAL: I 4, Blyde River, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison). NATAL: 5 4, 3 9,
Estcourt, ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison); 1 3g, Scottburgh, vii.1953 (K. M. F. Scott).

Fic. 2. Male hypopygia of Polypedilum (Polypedilum). (a) P. quinqueguttatum ;
(b) P. longicrus ; (c) P. tropicum; (d) P. pruina; (e) P. aegyptium; (f) P. sub-
ovatum ; (g) P. tridens ; (h) P. griseoguttatum.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) allansoni sp. n.

A small dark species with pruinose thorax, femora with subapical clear band,
wings with dark spots ; the wing pattern is very similar to annulatipes but the grey
tract in cell M, is separated into two spots; it is best separated from annulatipes
by the structure of the male hypopygium in which the anal point is trifid and is very
similar to tridens.

Male. Wing length 1-5 mm.

284 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Head, mouthparts and pedicel dark brown, flagellum paler, A.R. about 1. Thorax
dark brown and pruinose, especially in the prescutellar area. Legs mainly pale
brown, but femora darker and with a subapical pale band, L.R. 1-75. Wings with
pattern very similar to that of annulatipes (Pl. 1, fig. e) but the tract in cell M, is
present as two separate spots, one slightly basal to the larger spot in cell R;, the
other slightly basal to the smaller spot in that cell ; apex of fork cell clear. Abdomen
dark brown, styles yellowish. Male hypopygium hardly to be distinguished from
that of tridens (Text-fig. 2, g), anal point almost identical, appendage 1 with rather
fewer hairs.

Female not known.

Holotype male and 4 g paratypes, TRANSVAAL: Blaauwbank River, near Sterk-
fontein caves, iv.1957 and I J,ill.1957 (B. R. Allanson). All specimens are in the
British Museum.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) griseoguttatum Kieffer

Polypedilum griseoguttatum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 100; Kieffer, 1922, Ann.
Soc. ent. France, 91: 36.

Polypedilum hieroglyphicum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 101 ; Kieffer, 1922, Ann.
Soc. ent. France, 91 : 38 (SYN. NOV.).

Polypedilum decem-maculatum Goetghebuer, 1934, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 25: 195 (SYN. NOV.).

Polypedilum van-bemmeli Kruseman, 1949, Bijdr. Dierk. 28 : 254 (SYN. NOV.).

A small- to medium-sized dark species with strongly marked wings ; thorax and
abdomen with pruinosity, wing markings of variable intensity but include three dark
markings of variable shape in cell R; and a spot basal to cross-vein ; male hypopygium
with IXth tergite drawn out, anal point more or less trifid. The only type I have
been able to see is that of decem-maculatum, but the wing markings and the male
hypopygium are so distinctive that I have no hesitation in giving the above synonymy.

Male. Wing length 1-5-2:-5 mm., specimens from Sudan ane Egypt are smaller
than those from further south.

Head dark brown, mouthparts and antennae paler brown, A.R. about 2. Thorax
dark brown, lines of bristles paler, whole mesonotum pruinose, pruinosity of stripes
and prescutellar area changeable with the direction of light; scutellum may be
yellowish. Legs with all femora brown on basal three—quarters or more, apex yellow ;
front and posterior tibiae yellow, middle tibiae brown; tarsi yellow, anterior
basitarsus completely yellow, all other segments with basal quarter or more brown ;
L.R. varying from 1-5—2:0, scale of anterior tibiae triangular and with a well-developed
sharp spur. Wungs (Pl. 1, figs. /-o of females) strongly marked with a complicated
pattern ; there is a spot basal to cross-vein and cell R, always has three markings
but these vary in shape in different localities, the two apical ones are usually more
diffuse but they may be discrete. Abdomen blackish, hypopygium partially yellow,
each segment either pruinose on apical half or with pruinose band divided into two
separate spots ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 2, h) with characteristic conical IXth
tergite ; anal point with lateral teeth of variable size, apex curved downwards and
arched, sometimes with side notches as shown; appendage 1 stout and with two

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 285

small inner spines, appendage 2 may have the curved hairs in a single row or they may
be grouped nearer the apex ; styles elongate.

Female similar to male.

The type series of griseoguttatum (FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi) and of Mero-
glyphicum (SUDAN: Shambe) are lost; I have seen the holotype male of decem-
maculatum in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren (BELGIAN ConGo: Kisantu) ;
the holotype male of van-bemmeli is in the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam (EGYPT :
Suez Canal).

DISTRIBUTION. EGypT: 3 4,1 9, Suez Canal, x.1934 (F. W. Edwards). SupaAN:
14 g, I 9, at light on steamer, Melut and Shambe, xi.1953 (FE. T. M. Reid); 3 4,
r 9, Wau, x.1952 (FE. T. M. Red) ; 2 3, Rier, 11.1946 (D. J. Lewis). Goip Coast:
I 9, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Crisp). FRENCH CAMEROONS: I 9, Douala (J. Rageau).
TANGANYIKA : I 4, Uvira, vil.1931 (7. D. A. Cockerell) ; 4.3, 4 2, Kigoma, viii. 1956
(P. S. Corbet). BELGIAN ConGo: 1 4, Kasenyi (L. Albert) and Kabimba (L.
Tanganyika), viii.1953 (J. Verbeke); 6 3, Sabe, xii.1953; 4 9, Elisabethville,
- xii.1938 (H. J. Brédo). N. RHODESIA: 1 3, Luangwa River, viii. 1930 (S. A. Neave).
MADAGASCAR: I 9, Tananarive, v.1956 (J. Hamon).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) ramiferum Kieffer

Polypedilum ramiferum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 98; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc.
ent. France, 91 : 24.

Polypedilum brevipecten Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 99; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc.
ent. France, 91 : 27 (SYN. NOV.).

Wings either faintly clouded or with well-formed clouds ; legs marked with black
and yellow, abdomen with tergite 5 and sometimes 4 and 6 pale, styles of male hypo-
pygium with long plumose hairs. Very similar to the next species from which it can
be separated by the male hypopygium and the less intense leg and wing markings.
The descriptions given by Kieffer and his figures of the male leave no doubt that
both of his species are the same and are correctly identified as this one, even though
he considered the wings to be plain; the wing markings are often difficult to see in
spirit material.

Male. Wing length 2-3 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. about 1. Thorax brown and rather
shining though with some pruinosity in certain lights; dorso-central bristles bi-
or triserial, long and brown. Legs dark brown or blackish, femora with a darker
subapical ring ; base and apex of tibiae and of tarsal segments yellow ; middle and
posterior tibiae usually with an additional broad yellow central band which may
eliminate the sub-basal dark area so that the basal half or more of the tibia is yellow ;
L.R. about 1-75; tibial scale triangular and with a curved spur at the apex.
Wings (Pl. 1, fig. p of female) with pattern either faint or well developed, not unlike
albosignatum ; halteres yellow or brown. Abdomen brown, each segment with pale
posterior band; at least segment 5 and often either 4 or 6 as well, pale and with
pale hair. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 3, a) quite unlike any other African species known

286 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

to me because the hairs along the inner margin of the style are very long and plumose ;
anal point long and narrow, appendage I broad basally, sharply contracted and bent
at the middle, apical half narrow and straight, appendage 2 long.

Female resembles male, wing markings usually more definite.

Types of both species lost (both were described from males from FRENCH
CAMEROONS: Kribi).

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN:°5 4, Khartoum, xi.1951 (D. J. Lewis); 1 9, Amadi,
vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). NIGERIA: 1 9, Minna, xii.1954 (R. W. Crosskey).
UGANDA: 12 3, 3 9, Jinja, x.1954 (P. S. Corbet). BrLGian Conco: 1 g, Kusenyi
(L. Albert), ii.1953 (J. Verbeke); 20 3, Albertville, viii.1953 (J. Verbeke). The
type locality is additional.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) albosignatum Kieffer

Polypedilum albosignatum Kieffer, 1925, Bull. Soc. R. ent. Egypte, 1924 : 268.
Polypedilum iris Kieffer, 1925, tbid. 1924 : 269 ; Goetghebuer, 1937, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg.
3 (13c) : 61 (in part) (SYN. NOV.).

Wing markings and general appearance similar to ramiferum, differing in detail
and intensity, segment 5 of abdomen brown, male hypopygium quite different,
anal point short and thick, appendage 1 reduced. Kieffer separated his two species
because albosignatum had only one spot in the anal cell whereas i7is had two ; but
he stated that the wing base of the former was subhyaline which suggests that the
spot was really there. However, whether such a spot is there or not is immaterial
in species with these nebulous markings and I am regarding his two species as
synonyms. As mentioned under aegyptium, Kieffer labelled the figure of aegyptium
as “‘ivis’’ in error and Goetghebuer followed this mistake.

Male. Wing length 1-5-2-0 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. about 1-4. Thorax brown, scarcely
shining and with slight pruinosity, dorso-central bristles more or less uniserial,
long and brown. Legs yellowish brown, femora darker on basal half and dark at
apex, tibiae vaguely darkened basally and apically, tarsi without dark markings ;
L.R. 2; tibial scale triangular and with short spur. Waungs (Pl. 1, fig. g of female)
with pattern not unlike vamiferuwm, not very intense, pale areas more confined ;
halteres brown. Abdomen brown, each segment with a pale apical ring, segment 5
dark ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 3, 0) with short stout anal point, appendage 1 short
and with 3 long hairs at the apex, appendage 2 narrow and with only 4-6 hairs at
the apex, style hairs not plumose.

Female similar to male, wing markings more intense.

Type series of both species lost, both were described from females from EGyPt :
Maadi.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 2 6, 3 9, Khartoum, i.1923 (S. Hurst); 8 3, 3 9,
Khartoum, x.1951 (D. J. Lewis) ; 1 3, 3 2, Liednum nr. Wau, iii-iv.1955 (E. T. M.
Reid). UGANDA: 25 4, Kagera R., iv.1955 (P. S. Corbet). The type locality gives
it a distribution overlapping into the Palaearctic Region.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 287

Fic. 3. Male hypopygia of Polypedilum (Polypedilum). (a) P. vamiferum ;
(b) P. albosignatum ; (c) P. alboguttatum; (d) P. fuscipenne; (e) P. declivis ;
(f) P. lobiferum ; (g) P. longinervis.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) alboguttatum Kieffer

Polypedilum alboguttatum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 99; Kieffer, 1922, Ann.
Soc. ent. France, 91 : 29.

Wings black or very dark brown with 10-11 small clear spots, legs mainly black,
tarsi marked with yellow. Hypopygium of similar type to albosignatum, but the
wing markings are much more intense and make the species readily recognizable.

Male. Wing length 1-5 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 1:5. Thorax mottled pale brown,
strongly pruinose on shoulders and prescutellar area, dorso-central bristles uniserial,
postnotum blackish. Legs with femora and tibiae black, femora with a broad
pale band in basal half, knees with a spot of yellow, tarsi much paler, segments

288 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

marked with brown on basal halves; L.R. 2-2, scale triangular, sharply pointed.
Wings (Pl. 1, fig. y of female) blackish or very dark brown with 10-11 small clear
spots; main pattern not unlike albosignatum but details and intensity different ;
halteres with black knobs. Abdomen black, each segment with a pale pruinose
band apically, styles whitish ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 3, c) of same general form as
albosignatum but appendage I more reduced, appendage 2 with fewer apical hairs,
anal point broad and strongly bent downwards.

Female similar to male, cerci yellow.

Type series lost, described from 6 females from SUDAN : Shambe.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 2 4, 17 9, Melut, xi.1953 (E. T. M. Reid); 1 3, 2 F,
Liednum nr. Wau, ili-iv.1955 (E. T. M. Reid). UGANDA: 2 9, L. Albert, iii.1954
(P. S. Corbet) ; 2 9, Albert Nile at Pakwach, iv.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) fuscipenne Kieffer

Polypedilum fuscipenne Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 98; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc.
ent. France, 91: 22.

Tripedilum armatifrons Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 47 (SYN. NOV.)

Polypedilum longiforceps Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1) : 98; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc.
ent. France, 91 : 23 (SYN. NOV.).

Microtendipes longiventris Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91: 15 (SYN. NOV.).

Reddish with black antennal plumes and dark abdomen, thorax shining and
sometimes with variable dark markings, especially in the female ; frons produced
into two lobes each bearing a small frontal tubercle ; wings without distinct markings;
male styles large and long, anal point short, coxites produced ventrally. The frontal
tubercles and general colour characters make it quite certain that I have identified
armatifrons correctly ; fuscipenne seems to have been described from a dark female,
whilst longiforceps and longiventris can be recognized from the figures of the male
hypopygia. The name fuscipenne was published two days earlier than armatifrons.

Male. Wing length 2-3-3:0 mm.

Head reddish yellow, mouthparts darker, antennae with blackish plumes and
reddish pedicel, A.R. about 2-75; frons with two conical lobes carrying the small
frontal tubercles at their extremities. Thorax shining reddish yellow, sometimes
with indications of a dark lateral pleural stripe, stripes rather more reddish than
remainder of thorax, postnotum more or less dark. Legs yellow, apices of anterior
femora and tibiae and of tarsal segments darkened, tarsus not bearded, L.R. 2:3 ;
scale triangular and carrying a strong black spine as long as the scale itself. Wangs
without distinct markings but slightly darker or yellowish along costal margin ;
halteres blackish or brown. Abdomen blackish and shining, each segment may have
a variable amount of browner colouring in basal half; hypopygium (Text-fig. 3, d)
with long stout styles and short anal point, appendages both small, 2 without long
apical hair, inner margins of coxites produced ventrally and fringed to resemble a
third appendage (not shown in the figure).

Female resembles male, but darker ; head may be brown, thoracic stripes partially
or completely black, wings more strongly tinted and abdomen often quite black.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 289

Type series of all four species lost ; armatifrons was described from females and
longiventris from males from FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi; fuscipennis from a female
from SUDAN: Shambe and Jlongiforcepbs from males from SuDAN: Mongola and
Shambe.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 12 6, 7 9, Yirol, ili—vii.1954 (FE. T. M. Reid); 3 3,
Wau, iii-iv.1955 (E. T. M. Reid). GoLtp Coast: 3 3,7 9, Nangodi, x.1954
(G. Crisp). NYASALAND: 3 6, Karonga, SW. shores L. Nyasa, vii. 1910 (S. A. Neave).
BELGIAN ConGco: 7 9, Maka Lualaba, i.1939 (H. J. Brédo); 8 9, Elisabethville,
ii.1939 (H. J. Brédo).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) declivis Kieffer

Kribionympha declivis Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91:7; Freeman, 1957, Mém. Inst.
Sci. nat. belg. 8: 198.

Thorax yellowish and with a central dark stripe; head and abdomen blackish,
legs yellow, scale triangular, wings unmarked, male hypopygium with short styles
and three well-formed appendages. The presence of frontal tubercles separates this
species from all except fuscipenne and lobiferum ; from these it may be separated
as shown in the key and by the male hypopygium.

Male. Wing length 2:3 mm. (one specimen).

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, frontal tubercles present but do not
appear to be raised on conical lobes, A.R. about 2:2. Thorax pale yellowish, the
single specimen available to me has a central brown line along the line of the acro-
stichal bristles, broadening posteriorly and also postnotum and sternopleuron brown.
Legs yellow, scale yellow and triangular, its spur short and dark, L.R. 2-6, tarsi not
bearded. Wings unmarked and pale, halteres brownish. Abdomen black ; hypo-
pygium (Text-fig. 3, e) with oval styles, narrow anal point and three appendages,
the lower pair corresponding to the coxite extensions of fuscipenne but better
formed.

Female not known.

Holotype male lost, type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi.

DISTRIBUTION. The only specimen known to me is from BELGIAN CONGO:
I 4, Albertville, viii.1953 (J. Verbeke).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) lobiferum Freeman

Polypedilum lobiferum Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 22.
Chironomus sp. de Meillon, 1937, S. Afr. med. Journ. 1937 : 658-660.

Blackish with some grey dusting, frontal tubercles present, palpi short, A.R.
about 3, wings plain, male front tarsi with long beard, L.R. 1-1, anal point stout and
hairy. Shows some structural resemblance to fuscipenne but easily separated by
the more general dark colour, the lower L.R. and in the male by the bearded front
tarsi and stout anal point.

Male. Wing length 3:5 mm.

290 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Head, mouthparts and antennae dark, pedicel black, A.R. about 3, well developed
frontal tubercles present, more or less raised on conical lobes, palpi short. Thorax
completely black and dull, covered with grey pruinosity ; acrostichal bristles small
and poorly developed, dorso-centrals longer and irregularly biserial, all bristles pale.
Legs brown, knees slightly darker, L.R. 1-1, scale white and with a short black
spur, anterior tarsus with long beard. Wings milky, without dark markings,
halteres brown. Abdomen blackish brown, more shining than thorax ; hypopygium
(Text-fig. 3, f) with stout hairy anal point, appendage I narrow, down-curved at
apex, appendage 2 without long apical hair, styles blunt.

Female similar to male.

Holotype male in the British Museum, type locality CAPE PRovINCE: Bergvliet.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from CAPE PROVINCE: type series from Bergvliet
and Mossel Bay; 3 3, 3 9, Port Elizabeth, viii.1934 and further series vi. 1957
(B. de Meillon). De Meillon (1937) reported that this species bred in enormous
numbers in an artificial lake at Port Elizabeth and caused considerable nuisance in
the town. He achieved control by raising the salinity.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) longinervis Kieffer

Microtendipes longinervis Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91: to.
Microtendipes tenuimanus Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91: 11 (SYN. NOV.).
Microtendipes pallidinervis Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91: 15 (SYN. NOV.).

Thorax reddish yellow, with a darker lateral stripe on the pleuron, abdomen
dark brown, wings and legs unmarked, cross-vein unusually long, appendage 1 of
male hypopygium bilobed. This is another species resembling fuscipenne but it
is readily distinguished by the absence of frontal tubercles, by the plain legs and by
the male hypopygium.

Male. Wing length 2-3 mm.

Head and mouthparts yellowish brown, antennae with dark plumes, A.R. 2-75,
eyes well separated, frontal tubercles absent. Thorax reddish yellow, shoulders
whiter, pleura with a horizontal dark stripe, postnotum brown, dorso-central bristles
pale and uniserial. Legs yellow, apices of anterior femur and tibia vaguely darkened,
scale triangular and with short spur, L.R. 2-5, anterior tibia hardly more than two-
thirds length of femur, tarsus not bearded. Wangs plain, cross-vein unusually long,
more or less horizontal, halteres blackish. Abdomen dark brown; hypopygium
(Text-fig. 3, g) with conical IXth tergite carrying a short, narrow anal point, styles
stout, appendage 1 bilobed, appendage 2 short and with a longer hair at the apex.

Female resembles male, though thoracic stripes are partially darkened in some
specimens.

All the type material is lost, all three were described from FRENCH CAMEROONS :
Kribi. It is not clear from the original description whether the female described
by Kieffer as longinervis really belongs to this species or not; it is however, quite
certain that the male described as longinervis and the female as tenwimanus are the
opposite sexes of the same species, whilst the male placed in pallidinervis also
appears to be the same.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 291

DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN Conco: 2 3, I 9, Eala, iv—v.1936 (J. Ghesquieére) ;
I g, Equateur, Flandria (R: P. Hulstaert) ; 4 3, 9 9, Elisabethville, xii. 1938—-iv. 1939
(H. J. Brédo). The type locality is additional.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) subconfluens Kieffer
Microtendipes subconfiuens Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91: 9.

This species was described by Kieffer from a single female which is now lost ;
I have a second female which has tarsi and wings broken and for this reason I am
not absolutely certain of the genus. However, it bears a resemblance to fuscipenne
and so I am placing it here until more material of both sexes becomes available ;
it certainly does not belong to Microtendipes as now defined. Thorax yellow, with
black markings anteriorly and around the wing bases ; eyes almost touching on the
vertex ; anterior tibia black, scale with a sharp spur.

Female. Length 3-4 mm.

Head dark brown, palpi yellow and rather long, antennae with 6 segments, apical
segment two and half times as long as fifth ; eyes large, the narrow upper portions
wider than usual and almost meeting on the vertex. Thorax mainly yellowish
and shining but with blackish markings anteriorly, around wing bases including
part of lateral stripes and on postnotum; dorso-central bristles short, pale and
uniserial. Legs yellow, anterior tibiae completely and anterior femora partially
black, scale triangular and with sharp spur, anterior tibia hardly three-quarters
length of femur which appears rather long; combs of other legs partially fused,
spur short. Wangs plain, unmarked; halteres yellow. Abdomen dark brown,
yellowish on segments I and 7-9 in the single specimen available to me.

Holotype female lost, locality not given in the original description.

DISTRIBUTION. NIGERIA: I 9, Abuja, xii.1954 (R. W. Crosskey).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) bifalcatum Kieffer

Polypedilum bifalcatum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 99; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc.
ent. France, 91 : 26. ;

Thorax brown or pale brown with variable darker markings, abdomen blackish
or dark brown. Very similar to a number of other plain-winged species and only
_ to be recognized with certainty by the structure of the male hypopygium, especially
by the bent and tapered appendage I.

Male. Wing length 1-5 mm.

Head and mouthparts brown, pedicel often paler, antennae brown, A.R. about
1-6. Thorax brown, often pale brown and with darker markings along the hair
lines and on the pleura, dorso-central bristles uniserial. Legs brownish, anterior
pair darker, L.R. about 1-8, scale oval and with a short spur. Wings unmarked,
halteres yellow. Abdomen dark brown or blackish; hypopygium (Text-fig. 4, a)
with appendage 1 strongly developed, bent and tapered near the middle to a narrow
apex which is directed transversely, styles rather wide.

Female similar to male in colour.

292 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Holotype male lost, type locality SuDAN : Shambe.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: long series of both sexes at light, Yirol, vi-vii and
xii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). NIGERIA: 2 3, Kankiya, vii-x.1956 (B. McMillan).
BELGIAN ConGo: long series of both sexes at light, Elisabethville, iv.r939 and
Maka Lualaba, i.1939 (H. J. Brédo).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) laterale Goetghebuer

Polypedilum laterale Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28: 487.
? Kribiophilus calcaratus Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91: 44.

Mesothorax yellowish, prescutellar area or part of it and a horizontal pleural stripe
blackish, abdomen black, legs yellow, L.R. 2-5-3-0, wings unmarked, appendage
1 of male hypopygium curved and pointed. Separated from other plain-winged
species by the hypopygial structure and the thorax colour. From the description
and figure it seems likely that K. calcaratus is an earlier description of this species ;
it certainly belongs to Polypedilum because the VIIIth tergite of the male is narrow
basally ; the colour is rather darker, but more material may show that it is variable
in this respect.

Male. Wing length 1-6-1-8 mm.

Head yellow, mouthparts brown, antennae dark, A.R. about 1-8, dorsal narrow
portion of the eyes rather narrower than is usual. Thorax mainly yellowish ;
pleura with a broad horizontal black stripe, postnotum and scutellum partially
black ; further black markings present in prescutellar area either as a central tri-
angular mark extending forwards as a line along line of acrostichal bristles, or as a
more vague area which may be extended along lines of dorso-central bristles. Legs
yellow and unmarked, though the anterior knees and tibiae may sometimes be darker ;
anterior tibia short, hardly more than half length of femur, L.R. 2-5—3-0, scale narrow
and pointed. Wings unmarked, halteres with black knobs. Abdomen blackish ;
hypopygium (Text-fig. 4, 6) with anal point at apex of conical extension of IXth
tergite, appendage 1 curved and pointed, appendage 2 somewhat reduced, styles
blunt.

Female resembles male.

I have seen the holotype male of laterale in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren ;
the type of calcaratus is lost (type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi).

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: I 9, Amadi and 1 Q, Yirol, vi-vil.1953 (E. T. M.
Reid). FRENcH West AFrica, Haute Volta: 1 3, 2 9, nr. Bobo Dioulasso, ix.1956
(J. Hamon). BELGIAN Conco: holotype male and two other males, Chambi,
escarp. Kabasha; 1 4, Ituri, Kasenyi, 11.1953 (J. Verbeke). N. RHODESIA: I 4,
Lower Luangwa River, ix.1g10 (S. A. Neave). NATAL: 1 4, Tugela River,
Drakensburg, ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) ephippium sp. n.

Thorax dark brown, wings plain, segments 1-5 of abdomen yellow, segment 3
with a black mark ; male appendage I stout basally and bent ; easily distinguished
from bifalcatum and others with bent appendage 1 by the abdominal pattern.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 293

Male. Wing length 2 mm.

Head and mouthparts brownish yellow, antennae pale, A.R. 1-75. Thorax dark
brown and slightly pruinose, scutellum paler. Legs yellow and unmarked, anterior
tibia three-quarters length of femur, scale oval and with a short spur at apex,

Fic. 4. Male hypopygia of Polypedilum (Polypedilum). (a) PP. bifalcatum ;
(b) P. laterale; (c) P. ephippium,; (dad) P. annulatum; (e) P. brunneicornis ;
(f) P. bipustulatum ; (g) P. melanophilus.

anterior tarsi all broken, spur of posterior tibia long and slender. Wangs unmarked,
halteres yellow. Abdomen with segments 1-5 whitish yellow, segment 3 with a
central saddle-shaped black mark, occasionally incisures are darker, segments
6-8 black, styles pale. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 4, c) variable ; in the holotype from
which figure is drawn, appendage 1 stout and bent near the middle, tapering to a
narrow apex; in other specimens the narrow portion commences at the bend and

ENTOM. 6, II, 15

294 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

in still others the whole appendage is shorter; appendage 2 narrow, apical hair
long, styles with long inner hairs.

Female not known.

Holotype male and paratype 1 9, S. RHODESIA: Salisbury, ii-iii.1956 (E. T. M.
Reid) ; further paratypes, same locality and collector, 1 g, ix—x.1954 and 3 4,
iv.1956. BELGIAN ConGo: I 4, Elisabethville, ii.1939 (H. J. Brédo). Sudan:
I 3, Mvolo, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). All specimens in the British Museum
except for the Elisabethville one which has been returned to Institut Royal des
Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) kibatiense Goetghebuer

Polypedilum kibatiense Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 487.
Polypedilum stilatum Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc nat. Albert Miss. de Witte, 83 : 29 (SYN. NOV.).

Wings unmarked, body colour usually pale, sometimes with darker markings
on thorax, halteres and at apices of abdominal segments. Most easily distinguished
from other species except annulatum by the broader appendage 1 of the male hypo-
pygium with its narrow beak; separated from annulatum by the absence of pale
bands at the apices of the abdominal segments. Examination of the type of kzba-
tiense has shown that stilatum is a synonym. The Palaearctic species convictus
Walker is extremely similar and kibatiense may eventually prove only to be a form
of this.

Male. Wing length 1-6-2:0 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae yellowish or yellowish brown, A.R. about 1:5.
Thorax may be pale yellowish with stripes hardly darker and shoulders whitish or
it may be of a browner tinge; postnotum and a horizontal pleural stripe often
blackish or dark brown, but both may be pale in the palest specimens. Legs yellow
or brownish, unmarked ; L.R. 1-8, scale oval, spur scarcely distinguishable. Wangs
quite unmarked, halteres normally dark, but specimens with the knobs pale do
occur. Abdomen usually plain greenish or yellowish, but in some specimens there
are narrow dark rings at the apices of the segments. Hypopygium not distinguishable
from that of annulatum (Text-fig. 4, d), appendage I broad and with an inner beak
of variable shape.

Female not always recognizable with certainty as it is very similar to females of
other pale species; where associated females are available they are very similar
to the male.

I have seen the holotype male of kibatiense in Musée Royal du Congo Belge,
Tervuren, type locality BELGIAN Conco: N. Kivu. The holotype of stilatum is
in the collections of the Institut des Parcs nationaux du Congo Belge, type locality
BELGIAN Conco: Rutshuru.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: I 4, I 9, Yirol, xii.1954 (EZ. T. M. Reid). UGANDA:
I g, L. Victoria (W. W. Macdonald). Brtcian Conco: 8 g, 20 9, Maka Lualaba,
i.1939 (H. J. Brédo); 1 3, Elisabethville, i1.1939 (H. J. Brédo). S. RHODESIA:
2 3, Mt. Chironda (C. F. M. Swynnerton) ; 1 3, Salisbury, iv.1956 (E. T. M. Reid).
NATAL: I g, Mooi River, Kamberg Game Reserve, ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison).

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 295

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) annulatum Freeman
Polypedilum annulatum Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 22.

This species is only doubtfully distinct from kibatiense. The main point of differ-
ence lies in the colour, which is considerably darker, most specimens being dark
brown, but it is quite usual for the thorax to be paler than the abdomen. The
abdomen is ringed, each segment having a pale or pruinose apical band occupying
about one-third of the segment. The halteres are always pale, but the thorax may
have an indication of a darker pleural stripe. Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 4, d
drawn from holotype) of same form as kibatiense, but quite variable and appendage
I may be much broader with the “ beak’’ placed centrally. It is not possible to
define the species on the exact shape of appendage 1 because so many variations
exist, although in all of them the base is broad and the apex beak-like.

Holotype male in the British Museum, type locality CAPE PROVINCE : Kirstenbosch.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 12 2, 4 9, Yirol, xii.1954 (E. T. M. Red); 1 3, I &,
Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). NicERIA: 2 3, Kankiya, ix-x.1956 (B.
McMillan). SENEGAL: 1 3, nr. Dakar, ii.1954 (J. Hamon). BELGIAN CONGO:
Ir g, 1 9, Elisabethville, xii. 1938 (H. J. Brédo). CAPE PROVINCE: 1 4,1 9, Welling-
ton, xi.1955 (K. M. F. Scott); 1 $, Berg River, xii.1952 (K. M. F. Scott).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) brunneicornis Kieffer

Chironomus brunneicornis Kieffer, 1911, Tvans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 14: 352.
Chironomus pandani Kieffer, 1911, ibid. 14 : 356 (SYN. NOV.).

A small yellowish brown species without conspicuous markings on body or wings ;
A.R. 1-6, L.R. 2 or nearly so, halteres dark, posterior tibial spur long and straight,
male hypopygium of simple type, appendage I narrow and curved. It is not easy
to distinguish this species from other similar ones, but the antennal and hypopygial
proportions differ from those of melanophilus whilst dewulfi and vanderplanket
are darker and have pale halteres. From examination of the type series it appears that
Kieffer described the female under the name brunneicornis and the male as pandani.

Male. Wing length 1:8 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae yellowish, A.R. 1-6. Thorax with whitish
yellow background ; stripes, sternopleuron and postnotum reddish or brownish
yellow. Legs uniformly yellowish, L.R. 2 or nearly so, scale more or less triangular
and with very small spur, spurs of posterior legs rather long and straight. Wings
unmarked, halteres with dark knobs. Abdomen yellowish green, unmarked ;
hypopygium (Text-fig. 4, e) simple; anal point well formed, appendage r narrow
and curved, appendage 2 with long apical bristle, style of medium width, inner
bristles long.

Female similar to male in colour.

C. brunneicornis was described from four female cotypes from SEYCHELLES:
Mahé, two of which are in the British Museum ; I have labelled one of these lecto-
type. Kieffer described pandani from eight males from the same locality, four are in

296 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

the British Museum and I have again labelled one as lectotype. No other specimens
are known.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) melanophilus Kieffer

Chironomus melanophilus Kieffer, 1911, Tvans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 14 : 355.
Chironomus limnocharis Kieffer, 1911, ibid, 14 : 357 (SYN. NOV.).

Chironomus nocticolory Kieffer, 1911, , tbid. 14 : 357 (SYN. NOV.).

Polypedilum brunneum Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 178 (SYN. NOV.).

Superficially this species resembles brunneicornis but it differs as follows: size
smaller (wing length 1-5 mm.), colour darker, being brown rather than yellow, A.R.
only 0-5, styles of male hypopygium narrow (Text-fig. 4, g) and with a much less
complete row of hairs, appendage 1 smaller, apical hair of appendage 2 shorter.
It is quite possible that this is only a smaller form of brwnneicornis but it is preferable
to keep them separate until there is more information on the limits of the species
in the genus.

C. melanophilus was described from a single female from SEYCHELLES: Mahé, in
the British Museum. There are four cotypes males of limnocharis, two being in
the British Museum, one of which I have marked as lectotype, type locality
SEYCHELLES: Mahé. C. nocticolor was described from two female lectotypes from
the same locality, both are in the Cambridge University Museum and I have marked
one as lectotype. There is no real difference, other than sex, between any of these
three species and they seem to be indistinguishable from material which I described
as brunneum (type locality CAPE PRovincE: Hermanus Waterfall)—type series in

the British Museum. I have seen no other material which I can definitely associate
with this species.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) glabripennis Kieffer
Tanytarsus glabripennis Kieffer, 1911, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 14 : 359.

It is not clear why Kieffer placed this tiny species in Tanytarsus as he states that
the wings are bare, that the cross-vein is oblique and that there are only two hypo-
pygial appendages. The species was described from both sexes but only a single
female remains which I now fix as lectotype. It seems to belong to Polypedilum,
although the pulvilli are not very large and is probably close to melanophilus. It is
small and yellow and has R,,,; curved and rather widely separated from R,. The
following description is based on the original supplemented from the lectotype.

Wing length of female I-o mm.

Yellowish in colour, thoracic markings reddish. Male antennae said to be 12-
segmented, A.R. not known, of female 6-segmented. Legs yellow, L.R. 2, posterior
tibial combs with a single strong spur, combs separate, no tarsal beard. Wings bare,
R,,; with well-developed hairs, curved and unusually widely separated from R, ;
R,,, ending practically in contact with R,, posterior fork distal to cross-vein which
is oblique, squama with at least a partial fringe ; halteres dark. Judging from the
figure, male hypopygium very similar to that of melanophilus.

Lectotype female in the British Museum; type locality SEYCHELLES: Mahé.
No other specimens are known.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 297

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) dewulfi Goetghebuer

Polypedilum dewulfi Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 484.
Polypedilum scotti Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23:21; Freeman, 1955, Explor.
Parc nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 83 : 26 (SYN. NOV.).

This species is very similar indeed to brunnetcornts and has identical hypopygial
structure (Text-fig. 4, e), except that in some specimens—described as scotti—the
styles are rather wider. In size it tends to be larger, wing length as much as 2-3
mm., and the colour is browner, but the halteres are pale ; in most specimens the
posterior tibial spur is shorter and not as conspicuous as in brunneicorms. Further
material from Seychelles may show whether the two species are really to be considered
distinct.

I have seen the male holotype of dewulfi in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren
(type locality BELGIAN ConGo: Rutshuru) and find that scott: cannot be maintained
as a distinct species. The holotype of the latter is in the British Museum (locality
CAPE PROVINCE: Wellington).

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 5 4, Khartoum, x.1951 (D. J. Lewis); 2 3, Shambe,
x1.1953 (E. T. M. Reid). NIGERIA: 2 g, Kankiya, x.1956 (B. McMillan).
BELGIAN ConGo: long series from Parc National Albert; 3 3, Eala, ix.1936
(J. Ghesqueére); 7 3, Elisabethville, xii.1938-iii.1939 (H. J. Brédo). NATAL:
3 3, 6 2, Weenen, iii.1924 (H. P. Thomasset) ; 5 3, Natal National Park, v.1954
(W. D. Oliff). CAPE PROVINCE: long series from Berg River (K. M. F. Scott).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) vanderplanki Hinton
Polypedilum vanderplanki Hinton, 1951, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 121 : 378.

In general structure this species is indistinguishable from brunneicornis and dewulfi,
the male hypopygium is also identical. However, the colour is a much darker brown
on both thorax and abdomen, whilst the legs are whitish yellow ; the halteres are
pale. In addition the front tibial scale carries a long black spur as long as the scale
itself. The female is very similar to the cotype females of Paratendipes tavetanus
which I have seen in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (see at head
of subgenus), but with the difficulties of comparing and distinguishing female speci-
mens, especially when one lot is in spirit, I prefer not to synonymize them at this
stage.

Holotype male in the British Museum (locality NIGERIA: Anara, 20 miles SE.
of Kadua).

The type series were bred from larvae found in mud in holes in rock and have been
shown by Hinton to be capable of withstanding drying for 18 months, they can be
alternately dried and re-activated in water a number of times and they can tolerate
temperatures of 41° C. No other specimens which can reliably be identified as
belonging to this species are known to me.

298 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) bipustulatum sp. n.

Colour uniformly yellowish except for two dark rounded spots, one on each side of
the middle of the mesonotum at the anterior ends of the lateral stripes ; halteres and
often postnotum also, dark; male styles long and of even width, appendage 1
narrow. Very similar to dewulfi but the colour pattern seems sufficient to separate it.

Male. Wing length 1-8-2-6 mm.

Head and mouthparts yellow, antennae may be more brownish, A.R. about 1-8.
Thorax yellowish or reddish yellow, anterior ends of lateral stripes dark brown or
blackish, together forming a pair of dark rounded spots near the middle of the meso-
notum, postnotum also darker in many specimens but not always as dark as the spots.
Legs yellow, L.R. 1-5, scale triangular and sharp at the apex. Wzngs unmarked,
halteres with black knobs. Abdomen yellow or greenish and without darker markings;
hypopygium (Text-fig. 4, f) very similar to dewulfi but appendage I very narrow and
styles appear longer and of more uniform width.

Female similar to male in pattern, but thoracic stripes may be brownish.

Holotype male SupAN: Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). Paratypes:
SUDAN: 1 g, 2 9, Adok, Shambe and Melut, xi.1953 (E. T. M. Reid) ; 1 3, Juba,
vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). NIGERIA: 2 9, Abuja, xii.1954 (R. W. Crosskey) ;
I g, Zaria, vii-ix.1956 (B. McMillan); 1 4, Ilorin, vii.rg12 (J. W. S. Macfie) ;
I 2, Onitsha (T. J. Anderson). BELGIAN ConGO: 12 4, 6 2, Maka Lualaba, 1.1939
(H. J. Brédo) ; 1 3, Musosa, xi.1939 (H. J. Brédo) ; 6 3, 3 9, Elisabethville (H. J.
Brédo); 2 3g, Eala (J. Ghesquiére). Holotype and 18 paratypes in the British
Museum, remainder of series returned to Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique.

Polypedilum Kieffer Subgenus Pentapedilum Kieffer

Pentapedilum Kieffer, 1913, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 28:25; Kieffer, 1923, Ann. Soc. ent.
France, 92: 166; Goetghebuer, 1938, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c):77; Freeman,
1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond (B) 23: 22; Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de
Witte, 83 : 30.

Tanytarsus Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1: 24 (in part).

Rosenia Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 275; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France,
90 : 34; Kieffer, 1923, ibid. 92 : 167 (SYN. NOV.).

? Kribiopelma Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 90 : 34; Kieffer, 1923, ibid. 92 : 168.

Pentapedilum subg. Pentapedilum Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 376.

Chironomus subg. Pentapedilum Edwards, 1931, Dipt. Pat. S. Chile, 2 : 310.

Polypedilum subg. Pentapedilum Townes, 1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34 : 61.

This subgenus differs from the typical subgenus only by the presence of macro-
trichia on the wing membrane, at least at the apex. I have seen specimens of eight
species which I am able to key and describe. In addition Kieffer has described three
other species with hair on the wing membrane, two certainly and one doubtfully
falling into this subgenus and on which I am giving the following notes.

Pentapedilum kribiense Kieffer, 1923, Ann. Soc. ent. France,92: 166. Described
from a yellowish female 1-8 mm. long from French Cameroons: Kribi, type probably
lost. It is not possible to identify this from the description beyond the genus.

i

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 299

Rosenia pallida Kieffer, 1923, Ibid. 92: 167. Genus monotypic; described from
a whitish male from Kribi, 1-5 mm. long. He mentions that the cross-vein is oblique,
anterior tibia spurred, segment 8 narrow basally and hypopygium with two appen-
dages. This causes Rosenza to fall as a synonym of Pentapedilum. The species is
impossible to identify with certainty but it may be an earlier description of micra
sp. n.

Kribiopelma albida Kieffer, 1923, ibid. 92: 168. Genus monotypic; described
from a whitish female, length 1-5 mm. from Kribi. It is impossible to do more than
query this as a species of Pentapedilum. It is unlikely to be Tanytarsus because the
cross-vein is oblique, but genera and species of these groups based on females alone
which are now lost are virtually impossible to determine satisfactorily.

Kry To AFRICAN SPECIES OF Polypedilum SuBcENus Pentapedilum
(Based on male characters)

1. Macrotrichia of wing membrane confined to apices of cells R,,, and M,,., none in

posterior fork cell ; é : ; ; 2
Macrotrichia more numerous, present at least at apex of fork cell : ‘ , 3
2. Anal lobe of wing absent (Text-fig. 5, a), halteres black . ; . ruandae Freeman
Anal lobe well developed (Text-fig. 5, b), halteres yellow. ¢ . calvescens sp. n.
3. Abdomen with broad dark bands at bases of segments ; : , vittatum sp. n.
If bands are present then they are narrow and apical . : : ; 4
4. Avery small species, wing ae o-8-I-o mm., wings cuneiform (Text- fig. 5, a), anal
point simple : j . micva sp.n.
Wing length at least 1: mm. euies not Ganecrans or else anal point with lateral
teeth causing it to appear trifid ‘ ; 5

5. Anal point of male trifid, not unlike Polypedilum (Polypedilum) tridens (Text: fig. 2, ns
kijabensis nom. nov.

Anal point without lateral teeth : : , F ; 6
6. Macrotrichia reduced, only present at apex and with “= 5 in fork cell ‘ hamoni sp. n.
Macrotrichia present over most of surface, numerous in fork cell . : : : 7
7. Anal point narrow, as in calvescens (Text-fig. 5, e), appendage 1 normal. witte: Freeman
Anal point very broad, appendage 1 reduced (Text-fig. 5, f) : . anale Freeman

Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ruandae Freeman
Pentapedilum ruandae Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 83 : 30.

Dark brown or blackish, abdomen plain ; male distinguished from other African
species by reduction of macrotrichia on wing membrane, present only on apical
half, none present in fork cell; female with macrotrichia in all cells, but sparsely
and only as a single line in base of basal cell, it is darker than wittet.

Male. Wing length 2:75 mm.

Head, mouthparts and palpi dark brown or blackish, A.R. about 1-75. Thorax
dark brown or blackish with some pruinosity, scutellum may be pale. Legs
uniformly dark brown, anterior tibial scale triangular, spur well formed, L.R.
about 1-4. Wings unmarked, macrotrichia present only on apical half, confined
to cell R; and apex of cell M,, absent from fork cell and anal cell; anal region

300 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

reduced so that wing narrows evenly to the base (Text-fig. 5, a). Halteres black.
Abdomen black with some pruinosity ; hypopygium of a simple type similar to that
of calvescens (Text-fig. 5, ¢).

Female differs from male in the broader wings with denser macrotrichia which
are to be found over most of the wing surface posterior to the radius, but only as a
single line in the basal half of the basal cell ; macrotrichia not as dense as in anale.

Holotype male in collection of Institut Royal des Parcs nationaux du Congo
Belge.

DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN CONGO: type series of 282 3, 68 2, Ruanda, L. Ngando,
8,000 ft., ii1.1935. CAPE PROVINCE: I 6, 2 9, Vlei, Cecilia’s Drift, ix.1955
(K. M. F. Scott).

Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) calvescens sp. n.

This species is very similar to a small rwandae in appearance and structure, wing
length 2-0 mm., but it differs by having yellow legs and halteres, by the enlarged
anal area of the male wing (Text-fig. 5, b) and by the reduction of the macrotrichia
to a small patch at the extreme apices of cells R, and M, ; male hypopygium of simple
type (Text-fig. 5, e). In the female, macrotrichia are present on the membrane of
the apical half of cells R;, M, and of the posterior fork cell and also around the margin
of the apical half of the anal cell.

Holotype male and paratype I 3, CAPE PRovINCE: Berg River, French Hoek,
iii-iv.1955 (K. M. F. Scott), both in the British Museum.

Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) vittatum sp. n.

Yellowish brown or brown, thoracic markings darker brown, abdominal segments
with broad dark bands basally ; wings with anal area moderately developed, macro-
trichia more uniform than in calvescens, halteres black. Easily distinguished from
other species in the male by the broad bands on the abdominal segments, female
almost indistinguishable from wttez.

Male. Wing length 2-3 mm.

Head and antennae brown or yellowish brown, A.R. 1-7—2-0, palpi darker. Thorax
brown or yellowish brown, stripes, postnotum and parts of pleura dark brown.
Legs yellowish, L.R. 1-5, tibial scale rounded and with a small inconspicuous spine.
Wings (Text-fig. 5, c) with anal lobe moderately developed, macrotrichia evenly but
not densely distributed over most of wing, absent from bases of fork cell, anal and
basal cells; halteres with black knobs. Abdomen yellowish, segments 2-6 with
basal halves or more brown; hypopygium very similar to calvescens anal point
perhaps narrower, appendage 2 with a few more hairs.

Female with rather denser macrotrichia, abdomen indistinctly banded, not easy
to distinguish from witte.

Holotype male and paratypes Io g, 3 2, S. RuopesiA: Salisbury, iv—v.1956
(E. T. M. Reid). Further paratypes: UcAnpa: 1 4g, I 9, Kilembe, Ruwenzori
Kange, xii.1934-1.1935 (fF. W. Edwards); 1 3, Muko, Kigezi Province, xii. 1934
(E. G. Gibbins). All specimens are in the British Museum.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 301

Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) wittei Freeman
Pentapedilum wittei Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 83 : 30.

A pale yellowish or reddish species, easily distinguished from others by the narrow
dark bands at the apices of the abdominal segments and the narrow anal point.
These bands were not mentioned in the original description, but closer inspection
of the holotype, which is not a very good specimen, reveals their presence.

Fig. 5. Wings and hypopygia of males of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum). (a) P. ruandae ;
(6) P. calvescens ; (c) P. vittatum ; (d) P. micra; (e) P. calvescens ; (f) P. anale.

Male. Wing length 1-75-2-0 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae yellowish, A.R. 2:0. Thorax yellowish brown
with darker brown markings on parts of the pleura and sometimes on the stripes as
well. Legs yellowish, without markings, L.R. 2:0, tibial scale with well-formed
spur. Wungs plain, macrotrichia fairly evenly distributed over most of the wing
surface, anal lobe moderate and similar to vittatum; halteres black. Abdomen
yellowish, segments 1-6 narrowly dark at apices or at the incisures ; hypopygium
similar to calvescens, as in vittatwm the anal point is possibly finer.

302 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Female very similar to male, abdomen without markings, rather paler than in
female of vittatum.

Holotype male in collection of Institut des Parcs nationaux du Congo Belge
(type locality BELGIAN ConGco: Kivu, Kalondo).

DISTRIBUTION. FRENCH WEST AFricé, Haute Volta: 8 ¢, Leri nr. Tougan,
xi.1954 (J. Hamon). NIGERIA: I g, Katsina, x.1956 (B. McMillan). Supan:
rr 9, Amadi, vi-vii.1954 and 5 3, 9 9, nr. Wau, ili.1955 (EF. T. M. Reid). BELGIAN
ConGo: 13 9, 22 2, Maka Lualaba, 1.1939 and 9 dg, 47 9, Elisabethville (H. J. Brédo),
type locality additional. TRANSVAAL: I 3g, Kruger National Park, Pretoriuskop
and 1 9, Olifants River, Loskop Dam, v.1955 (A. D. Harrison).

Polypedilum ( Pentapedilum) hamoni sp. n.

Thorax with brown markings, postnotum blackish, halteres with black knobs,
abdomen clear green; macrotrichia confined to apex of wings; hypopygium of
simple type, anal angle of wing as in wittex. The main features distinguishing
this species from wttei are the plain green abdomen and the greatly reduced macro-
trichia, the former feature also distinguishes it from ruandae.

Male.—Wing length 2-5 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 2:5. Thorax yellowish, mesonotal
stripes and sternopleuron brown, lateral stripes especially dark, postnotum blackish.
Legs yellowish brown, unmarked, L.R. 2:3. Wangs with anal angle as in vittatum
and witte: ; macrotrichia present as a central band in apical half of cell Ry,;, as a
patch at the extreme apex of cell M, and as a group of 3-5 at extreme apex of fork
cell; halteres with black knobs. Abdomen clear green, without dark markings ;
male hypopygium of simple type, not unlike that of calvescens sp. n.

Females taken at the same time as the males have macrotrichia more evenly
distributed over the apical half and around the anal margin; colour very similar
to males.

Holotype male and 13 4g, 4 2 paratypes, BELGIAN Conco: Bukavu, R. Mufuli,
2,400 metres, v.1957 (J. Hamon). Holotype in collection of Office de la Recherche
scientifique Outre Mer, Bondy, France ; seven paratypes in British Museum.

Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) micra sp. n.

Distinguished from other African species by its very small size, pale colour and
low antennal ratio; wings cuneiform, R,,, indistinguishable, wing membrane
evenly covered with macrotrichia, abdomen plain.

Male. Wing length o-8-1-0 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae yellow, A.R. hardly more than 0-6. Thorax
yellowish, stripes brownish, pleura with horizontal dark band. Legs pale and un-
marked, tibial scale sharply triangular, L.R. about 2. Wings unmarked, broad
apically and more or less cuneiform with reduced anal area (Text-fig. 5, d), R4,, close
to R, and obliterating R,,,, posterior fork more distal to cross-vein than in other

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 303

species, macrotrichia evenly distributed; halteres with black knobs. Abdomen
plain yellowish ; hypopygium similar to calvescens.

Female similar to male.

Holotype male and paratypes 3 g, 3 2, SUDAN: Wunatong, nr. Wau, 111.1955
(E. T. M. Reid). Further paratypes, SuDAN: I g, Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M.
Reid). GoLp Coast: 4 3, 2 9, Kete Krachi, x.1898 (Graf Zech). FRENCH WEST
ArricA, Haute Volta: 1 g, Tangrela, nr. Banfora, xii.1956 (J. Hamon). Four
paratypes returned to Museum der Universitat, Berlin, one to Institut d’Enseigne-
ment et de Recherches Tropicales, Bondy, France, holotype and remainder of series
in the British Museum.

Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) anale Freeman

Pentapedilum anale Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 22; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr.
Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 376.

Typical South African specimens are dark in colour with thorax almost black,
but specimens from further north are paler and similar to wittet with darker bands
at the abdominal incisures; A.R. 1-3, wings with anal lobe reduced and evenly
clothed with macrotrichia. Distinguished from all other African species by the
broad anal point of the male.

Male. Wing length 1-75-2:0 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae black in southern specimens, paler in some northern
specimens, A.R. 1-3. Thorax in southern specimens blackish and rather shining
but it may be brown or paler with reddish stripes in other material. Legs brown or
yellowish brown, L.R. 1-5-1-75, tibial scale with sharp spur. Wzngs with anal lobe
moderately reduced, similar to vittatwm, evenly clothed with macrotrichia, halteres
black. Abdomen either very dark and with a greenish tinge or brown and slightly
darkened at the incisures ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 5, f) with broad and down-turned
anal point, appendage 1 reduced, with long hairs and formed into a narrow spine
apically, appendage 2 with few hairs.

Female similar to male, wing macrotrichia rather denser, as usual in this sex.

Holotype male in the British Museum (type locality CAPE PROVINCE: Palmiet
River, Elgin).

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: type series from Elgin, Muizenberg Mt.,
Wellington, Bergvliet, Kirstenboch and French Hoek ; additional specimens from
Cape Peninsular, Tzitzikama Forest and Assegaibos (P. Brinck). BASUTOLAND :
Nazareth (P. Brinck). SW. ArricaA: Kaokoveldt (P. Brinck). TRANSVAAL:
4 4, 3 Q, Olifantsvlei, nr. Johannesburg, viii.1954 and 4 g, 3 9, Klipspruit, nr.
Witbank, iv-v.1956 (A. D. Harrison). S. RHODESIA: 5 4, 4 9, Salisbury, iv.1956
(E. T. M. Reid). BELGIAN Conco: 1 4, Elisabethville, ii.1939 (J. H. Brédo).
UGANDA: 1 g, 1 9, Kampala, xi.1929 (G. L. R. Hancock). FRENCH WEsT AFRICA,
Haute Volta: 1 g, nr. Bobo Dioulasso, xi.1956 (J. Hamon).

Mr. Harrison tells me that in the Transvaal this species is found in streams
heavily polluted with industrial effluent containing sulphuric acid strong enough
to taste,

304 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) kijabensis nom. nov.

Tanytarsus alticola Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1:25 (not Polypedilum
alticola Kieffer, 1913, ibid. 1 : 22—see above).

I have seen the type male of this species and can confirm that it belongs to this
genus and not to Tanytarsus, no other specimens are known. It is dark brown,
2:5 mm. long and can be separated from other species of the genus by the anal point
of the male which resembles that of Polypedilum (Polypedilum) tridens in having
a tooth each side near the base. The name alticola is preoccupied when the species
is transferred to Polypedilum.

Holotype male in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, type locality
KENYA: Kijabe, Kikuyu Escarpment.

Genus STICTOCHIRONOMUS Kieffer

Stictochironomus Kieffer, 1919, Ent. Mitteil. 8:44; Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert,
Miss. de Witte, 83 : 24

Kribiocallis Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux, 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France,
91 : 16 (SYN. NOV.).

Chivonomus subg. Stictochironomus Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 400.

Tanytarsus subg. Stictochironomus Townes, 1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34: 77.

Antennae of male with 14 segments, of female with 6 segments ; frontal tubercles
absent. Pronotum rather more reduced than in Polypedilum but better developed
than in Microtendipes ; mesonotum often with a small central tubercle or slight
hump; dorso-central bristles long and usually uniserial, acrostichals small but
usually in a complete double row, occasionally completely absent, not reduced to
an anterior group as in Microtendipes. Anterior tibia with an oval scale not armed
with a spur ; combs of other tibiae fused and with a single spur on each pair ; pulvilli
not split, usually rather small. Wing membrane without macrotrichia, with or
without dark markings ; squama with complete fringe; R,,, distinct and ending
well beyond tip of R,, posterior fork either at same level as or beyond cross-vein.
Eighth abdominal tergite of male not contracted basally, styles often rather narrow,
appendage 1 curved, appendage 2 with or without long apical hair.

In general appearance, the species of this genus approach those of Polypedilum
but they cannot be included in that genus because of the more reduced and unsplit
pulvilli, the absence of a spur on the anterior tibial scale and by the square shape of
the VIIIth tergite of the male. The genus is perhaps to be regarded as an
intermediate stage between Polypedilum and Microtendipes.

Townes (1945) suggested an interesting alteration in relationships by placing this
genus along with Endochironomus and Tanytarsus (= Pentapedilum subg. Phaenop-
sectra of Edwards, 1929) as subgenera of a single genus, which took the oldest name,
Tanytarsus, following the type fixation of Coquillett, 1910 (see also below,
under the genus Tanytarsus). Although this change in relationships may eventually
prove correct, I am not sufficiently certain to adopt it and I prefer for the present
to consider Stictochironomus as closer to Polypedilum and Maicrotendipes than to

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 305

any other genera. I have not been able to find any forked bristles at the apex of
the styles of the African species similar to those seen by Townes in the North American
species.

Of the six species known to me from Africa south of the Sahara, festivus and
natalensis are quite typical and have ringed legs and a central thoracic tubercle ;
caffrarius, puripennis and fusiformis resemble each other but are not very typical
of the genus, whilst bisignatus in appearance is more like a species of Mzcrotendtipes.
However, all show the main generic characters and it is convenient to consider them
as all belonging to the one genus.

KEY TO THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF Stictochironomus

1 Femora and tibiae with dark bands or rings : : : : : : 2
Legs lacking dark bands although knees may be darkened : : : : : 4
2. Wings with a dark cloud over cross-vein and no other markings . . natalensis sp. n.
Wings heavily marked with black spots. : : : : 3
3. Large marking in cell R, including a clear spot (PL. z, fig. a) . festivus festivus Kieffer
No clear spot in this marking (PI. 2, fig. b) ‘ : . festivus imperforatus subs. n.

4. Wings with two broad tansverse dark marking (PI. 2, fig. e) ; knees darkened
bisignatus Kieffer

Wings either spotted or seamed, knees plain : : : : ; : : 5
5. Wings with pattern of spots (Pl. 2, a c); mesonotum with conspicuous silvery
pruinosity on lateral stripes . : . caffrarius Kieffer
Wings seamed with grey (PI. 2, fig. d) : ; mesonotal pruinosity not in form of two con-
spicuous stripes . ‘ , 6

6. Wing length 3-4 mm., thoracic pruinosity less strong and more in form of spots

puripennis Kieffer
Wing length 1:5-2:0 mm., pruinosity stronger and more uniform . . fusiformis Kieffer

Stictochironomus festivus festivus Kieffer

Stictochironomus festivus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 54.
Kribiocallis stictoptera Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91: 17 (SYN. NOV.).

Thorax black, mottled with pruinosity ; legs white, heavily ringed with black ;
wings with distinctive black markings, in the typical subspecies the large spot
in cell R,,; includes a clear spot ; abdomen of male greenish yellow on 4 basal seg-
ments. The colour and pattern make this species easily distinguishable from all other
African ones and enable both of Kieffer’s species to be readily recognized and easily
synonymized.

Male. Wing length 2-2-5 mm.

Head, antennae and mouthparts black, plumes brown, A.R. about 2:5. Thorax
black or very dark brown, conspicuously mottled with pruinose spots, central tubercle
distinct. Legs white, strongly marked with black rings ; anterior femur with basal
and apical thirds black, central third white with a black ring, other femora with
basal third and apical fifth black, central pale part including two dark rings; all
tibiae with base and apex broadly black, intervening portion with two narrow black
rings ; anterior basitarsus with apex and two intermediate rings black, other basi-
tarsi with apex and a single central ring black ; second segment of anterior tarsus

306 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

with a broad central band and broad apical band black, other segments of this and
other legs with apices broadly black; L.R. 1-5, tarsi thinly bearded. Wings (PI.
2, fig. a of female) with black markings similar to female, the large mark in cell
R,,; reaches to apex of R, and includes a pale spot; halteres pale. Abdomen
with segments 1-4 yellowish green, remainder dark, styles pale, all segments pruinose
on apical halves. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 6, a) with long anal point and narrow
coxites, appendage 1 curved and with a long subapical hair, 2 with a long apical
hair.

Female, resembles male, antennae rather short, abdomen less clear yellow on
basal segments ; one wing of a Gold Coast specimen has the clear spot in the main
marking more or less occluded but the markings are not reduced as in the South
African subspecies.

I have not seen the types which are probably lost ; festivus was described from both
sexes from SUDAN: Shambe, stictoptera from a female from FRENCH CAMEROONS :
Kribi.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 2 4, 5 9, Khartoum, i.1923 (S. Hurst); 3 g, I Q,
Khartoum, ii.1952 (D. J. Lewis); 6 3, 3 2, Wad Medani, 11.1952 (D. J. Lewis) ;
I 9, Tonga, xi.1953 (E. T. M. Reid) ; 2 3, Liednum nr. Wau, ii-iv.1955 (E. T. M.
Reid). GoLp Coast: 2 9, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Crisp). TRANSVAAL: I g, Pongola
Settlements, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison).

Stictochironomus festivus imperforatus subsp. n.

This is extremely similar to the typical subspecies in colour and structure but
differs in two points of pattern: first, the anterior basitarsus lacks the basal inter-
mediate dark ring and sometimes also the more apical intermediate dark ring as well ;
secondly, the large spot in cell R,,; does not include a pale spot (PI. 2, fig. 0), it and
the one behind it in cell M,,, are distinctly smaller than in the typical subspecies.

These differences seem to warrant at least subspecific separation, but further —
material from other localities may show either that it is only a local variety or else that
a distinct species is present. It is possibly a colder water form, but the specimens
from Nelspruit and Letsitele taken in conjunction with the specimen of the typical
subspecies from the Pongola Settlements give an overlap about which more infor-
mation is needed.

Holotype male, NATAL: Mooi River, Keate’s Drift, ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison).
Paratypes: NATAL: I g, same data as holotype; 1 9, Tugela R., Colenso, ix.1953
(A. D. Harrison) ; 1 3, Albert Falls, x.1953 and 2 92, Tugela R., x—xi.1953 (W. D.
Oliff); 1 2, Mooi R., Keate’s Drift, x.1954 (W. D. Oliff); 7 2, Weenen, ili. 1924,
I Q, vili.1924, 2 9, x.1924 (H. P. Thomasset). TRANSVAAL: I 3, Nelspruit, iii. 1930
(B. de Meillon) ; 1 9, Letsitele Valley, iii. 1932 (B. de Meillon). All specimens are
in the British Museum.

Stictochironomus natalensis sp. n.

Thorax more or less mottled, legs with broad but not conspicuous rings, wings
with a dark cloud over cross-vein, abdomen of male brown, each segment paler

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 307

and pruinose at its apex. In general appearance not unlike the Palaearctic species
S. histrio Fabricius, but it may be distinguished by the different arrangement of the
leg bands especially the femoral ones.

Male. Wing length 4 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 2:4. Thorax dark brown, more or
less mottled with pruinosity and pruinose between the stripes and around the shoul-
ders ; pruinosity not as conspicuous as in festivus, central tubercle present. Legs
yellowish, each femur with three broad brown bands, one at the base, one near the
middle and one at the apex ; all tibiae with basal third and apex dark, middle and

Fic. 6. Male hypopygia of Stictochironomus. (a) S. festivus festivus ; (b) S. caffrarius ;
(c) S. puripennis ; (da) S. bisignatus.

posterior tibiae with an additional broad brown band near the middle ; all tarsal
segments dark at apex, anterior basitarsus with faint central brown band; L.R.
about 1-1, slight tarsal beard present. Wings unmarked except for a round grey
cloud over cross-vein and adjacent veins. Abdomen brown, each segment paler
towards the apex, especially laterally, apices of segments pruinose ; hypopygium
broken.

Female not known.

Holotype male, NATAL: Estcourt, ix—-x.1896 (G. A. K. Marshall) in the British
Museum.

Stictochironomus caffrarius Kieffer

Polypedilum caffrarium Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1):97; Freeman, 1955, Explor.
Parc. Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 83: 25; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala,
2 : 377. .

Kribiocharis albipes Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91: 4.

Polypedilum nilophilus Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91 : 33 (SYN. NOV.).

Polypedilum pluriguttatum Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91 : 34 (SYN. NOV.).

Polypedilum dampfi Kieffer, 1925, Bull. Soc. R. ent. Egypte, 1924: 272 (SYN. NoV.).

Polypedilum anuke Kieffer, 1935, ibid. 1924 : 275 (SYN. NOV.).

308 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

This species is easily recognized by its unringed legs, dark thorax with distinctive
pruinose lateral stripes and wings with three or four spots in cell R,,,; there is no
central thoracic tubercle and in some ways it is not a typical species of the genus,
but it is not sufficiently atypical to warrant the erection of anew genus. I have seen
the type of only caffrarius but the wing pattern makes the other species which I
have placed in synonymy easily recognizable. It is a wide-spread species and is
especially abundant along the Nile.

Male. Wing length 2-2-5 mm.

Head, antennae and mouthparts brown or dark brown, A.R. 2:75. Thorax
dark brown or blackish, whole surface slightly pruinose but lateral stripes conspi-
cuously so, especially if examined from behind when they stand out as two broad
silvery bands. Legs yellowish white, femora usually darker or brown on basal
two-thirds ; L.R. 1-3, tarsi not bearded, pulvilli practically absent. Wings (Pl. 2
fig. c of female) with pattern of grey spots; cell R,,; normally with three spots
but the apical one may be divided to give four; spots at each angle of fork cell also
characteristic ; halteres yellowish white. Abdomen dark brown or blackish,
sometimes paler laterally especially near the base; hypopygium (Text-fig. 6, d)
with long anal point, appendage 1 bent near base and apex, appendage 2 with long
apical hair, style rounded at tip.

Female similar to male in colour and pattern.

I have seen the cotypes of caffrarium in the South African Museum (type locality
TRANSVAAL: Kaapmuiden) ; all the other type series are lost. Kieffer described
albipes. and nilophilus from SuDAN: Shambe; fluriguttatum from FRENCH
CAMEROONS: Kribi; dampfi and anuke from EGypt : Cairo and Maadi respectively.

DISTRIBUTION. EcGyptT: 1 4, Suez Canal, x.1934 (fF. W. Edwards). SuDAN:
numerous specimens from Khartoum and Wad Medani (S. Hirst and D. J. Lewis).
ABYSSINIA: 3 4, Sagan-Omo, Elolo, viii.1939 (E. Zavatiari). NIGERIA: 12 4,
Kankiya, x.1956-i.1957 (B. McMillan). BELGIAN ConGo: series from Vitshumbi,
Kasenyi and Albertville (de Witte and Verbeke) ; 2 2, Musosa and 2 J, Maka Lualaba
(H. J. Brédo). S. RHODESIA: I 4, Salisbury, v.1956 (E. T. M. Reid). NATAL:
I 9, Weenen, iii.1924 (H. P. Thomasset). The type localities are additional to these.

Stictochironomus puripennis Kieffer

Polypedilum puripenne Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1) : 97.
Stictochironomus albipes Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 21.
Stictochivonomus puripenne Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 378.

A dark brown species with mottled thorax and grey seamed wings, legs not ringed, —

not unlike caffrarius in general appearance but easily distinguished by plainer wings
and absence of strong pruinosity on lateral stripes ; most similar to fusiformis but
in that species the thorax is more strongly pruinose, and the size smaller.

Male. Wing length 3-4 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae dark brown or blackish, A.R. about 2:5. Thorax
dark brown or blackish with pruinose mottling and with lines of pruinosity between
the stripes, central tubercle present. Legs whitish, femora brown except at apex,

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 309

L.R. 1-3, front tarsi with thin beard, pulvilli very small. Wangs whitish, veins
seamed with grey and with a short grey mark at the apex of cell R,,; as in fuszformis ;
halteres white. Abdomen black, sometimes paler at the base laterally. Hypopygium
(Text-fig. 6, c) with appendage 1 curved, appendage 2 lacking long apical hair,
style more or less oval.

Female resembles male.

I have seen the holotype of puripenne which is in the South African Museum
(type locality TRANSVAAL: Kaapmuiden) ; the holotype male of albipes is in the
British Museum (type locality AByssInIA : Waldia).

DISTRIBUTION. NIGERIA: I 4, I 9, Zaria, xi.1956 (B. McMillan). ABYSSINIA:
holotype 3 of albipes, Waldia. S. RHODESIA: I g, I Q, paratypes of albipes,
Melsetter ; 1 9, Salisbury, iv.1956 (EF. T. M. Reid). NATAL: 5 4, 4 9 and 3 J,
4 9, paratypes of albipes, Weenen. CAPE PROVINCE: I 9, paratype of albipes,
Piquetberg ; 1 9, Deelfontein (Sloggett); 1 9, Ceres (R. E. Turner); 1 3, 33 8,
Ladismith (P. Brinck); 2 3, 22 9, Rhodes (P. Brinck). ORANGE FREE STATE:
t 9, Zastron (P. Brinck). S. W. AFRICA: 2 9, Kaokoveld (P. Brinck).

Stictochironomus fusiformis Kieffer

Polypedilum fusiforme Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux..41 (1): 99; Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc.
ent. France, 91 : 30.

Stictochironomus puripenne Freeman, 1957, Mém. Inst. Sci. nat. belg. 8 : 197 (not Kieffer, 1921,
Ann, Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1) : 97).

This species is similar to puripennis in colour and structure, although appendage
I of the male hypopygium is possibly shorter, but it differs in size (wing length
I-5—2°0 mm.) and in the thorax being more uniformly and strongly pruinose ; wing
pattern (Pl. 2, fig. d) similar to puripennis but perhaps stronger. As a name is
available for it, I am retaining it as a distinct species, although it may eventually
prove only to be a small form of puripennis.

The holotype female is lost (type locality SuDAN: Mongola) but the description
leaves no doubt over its identity.

DISTRIBUTION. NIGERIA: 19 4, 3 2, Kankiya, x.1956 (B. McMillan). SuDAN:
5 36, 1 9, Liednum nr. Wau, iii-iv.1955 (EF. T. M. Reid). BELGIAN CONGO: 3 4,
Albertville, viii. 1953 (J. Verbeke).

Stictochironomus bisignatus Kieffer
Chironomus bisignatus Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16 : 67.

Thorax with bluish white pruinosity, legs pale, knees blackish, wings with two
broad transverse bands, abdomen yellow, segments 1-5 black apically. This is a
distinctively coloured and easily recognized species, not very typical of the genus.
However, the size of the prothorax, absence of anterior tibial spur and fused posterior
combs, suggest that it is best placed here. I have been able to borrow the type and
can confirm the identification.

Male. Wing length 2-2°5 mm.

ENTOM, 6, II, 16

310 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Head brown, palpi darker, pedicel reddish, A.R. about 1:5. Thorax reddish
brown, postnotum and pleura darker, whole thorax pruinose, pruinosity with a
brilliant bluish tinge on shoulders and centrally on the pleura ; acrostichal bristles
completely absent, central tubercle not developed. Legs yellow, knees and apices
of tibiae blackened, L.R. 1-75, tarsal beard absent, tibial scale quite large but rounded,
pulvilli large. Wangs (Pl. 2, fig. e of female) with conspicuous pattern formed of
two broad transverse dark bands, usually more or less joined along M,,, by a fainter
grey shadow ; halteres dark brown or blackish. Abdomen yellow with dark bands
at apices of segments I-5, sometimes encroaching on to bases of succeeding segments,
segments 6-9 dark, styles pale. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 6, d) with narrow styles,
appendage 1 broad, appendage 2 small, anal point stout and fringed with stout
bristles as shown.

Female resembles male, abdomen not so clearly marked, antennae probably
6-segmented.

I have seen the holotype male which was in the Hungarian National Museum
(type locality NATAL: Sarnia).

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: I Q, Ceres, iv.1925 (R. E. Turner). NATAL:
tI 9, Kloof, ix.1926 (R. E. Turner). S. RHODESIA: I Q, Salisbury, iv.1956 (EZ. T. M.
Reid). TANGANYIKA: I g, Njombe, xi.1947 (W. Peters). BELGIAN CONGO:
6 g, 2 9, Elisabethville, ii.1938, iv.1938 and xii.1938 (H. J. Brédo). KENYA:
I g, Ruiru, vi.1932 (H. C. James).

Genus MICROTENDIPES Kieffer

Microtendipes Kieffer, 1915, Broteria, Sér. Zool. 13: 70; Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.
77 : 396; Townes, 1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34:22; Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert,
Miss. de Witte, 83 : 31 (not Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91 : 8—see Polypedilum).

Kribiomimus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France,
90 : 49 (SYN. NOV.).

Kribiocharis Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 29 (in part).

Hulstaertiella Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28: 456.

Antennae of male with 14 segments, of female with either 6 or 7 ; frontal tubercles
absent. Pronotum reduced, divided in the middle and overhung by mesonotum,
much as in Stenochironomus ; mesonotum without central tubercle ; dorso-central
bristles present as a clear row, but acrostichals reduced to a group at the apex of the
mesonotal cone. Anterior tibia more or less truncate at the apex, scale not produced
at all and no spur present ; combs of other tibiae separate, one spur on each pair ;
pulvilli present but often small, not divided longitudinally ; anterior femur of male
sometimes with a tuft of bristles near the apex pointing towards the base. Wing
membrane without macrotrichia, with or without dark markings; squama with
complete fringe ; R,,, lying very close to R, apically and often almost indistinguish-
able from it at the tip, posterior fork either below or slightly beyond cross-vein
Male with VIIIth abdominal tergite not contracted basally, styles more or less oval,
appendage I curved, 2 without long apical hair.

Microtendipes can easily be recognized by the reduced prothorax and acrostichal
bristles, approximation of R, and R,,,, presence of only one tibial spur and reduced

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 311

tibial scale. Although superficially resembling Stenochivonomus, these characters
combined with the quite different male hypopygium render it readily distinguishable.

As explained in 1955, I have emended the definition given by Edwards (1929)
so as to include African species with patterned wings and 6-segmented female
antennae. This causes Hulstaertiella to be a synonym. Kv7ibiocharis (type
K. filitarsis fixed by Freeman, 1955) included five species belonging to at least three
genera and possibly more. I have been able to recognize three of these with certainty
another with less certainty, and the last one not at all, but I have given a description
of it below, taken from the original. Kvibiomimus falls as a synonym because the
type species, K. bifasciatus Kieffer, is a species of Microtendipes. Of the other species
placed in Kvibtomimus by Kieffer in 1921, one is probably another species of Mzicro-
tendipes, another falls into Polypedilum and the last seems best placed in
Lauterborniella.

Kieffer used the genus Microtendipes in his 1921-22 papers in Aun. Soc. ent.
France for ten species with the scale of the anterior tibia pointed or apically setiform.
Those that I have been able to recognize are all species of Polypedilum and it is
probable that the others belong there too, because of the shape of the scale: they
certainly cannot be admitted to Microtendipes as used now. These species are all
treated under Polypedilum.

KEY TO THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF Microtendipes

1. Wings quite unmarked . 3 < = 2
Wings with distinct clouds or spots or + with a median transverse cloud .

2. Anterior femur only narrowly dark at apex, in male without group of basally directed
bristles ; thorax green with reddish stripes; basal halves or more of abdominal
segments 2-5 dark : , . lamprogaster Kieffer

Anterior femur with at least apical third dark, in male group of basally directed
bristles present ; thorax mainly or entirely black; abdomen of male with seg-

ments 1-5 unmarked greenish yellow. ; . satchelli Freeman
3. Wing markings in form of a faint transverse ‘cloud or with apical half faintly
clouded (Pl. 2, fig. f) . ‘ ; ; umbrosus Freeman
Wings either with distinct spots or heavily marked ; : P : é : 4
4. Wings with a dark mark at apex ; : : , : : : ‘ ; 5
Apex of wings clear ; : 6
5. Wing pattern in form of numerous <ald. road spots (PL 2 “figs. 4, 9) eanot
arrangement variable . : . lentiginosus Freeman

Wing pattern not like this, formed of few discrete spots as in . Pl. 2, fig. g
albus Goetghebuer
6. Wings with seven spots (PI. 2, fig. h), two being in posterior fork cell . taitae Kieffer
Wing pattern more extensive and not in form of discrete spots . ‘ : ‘ |
7. Femora with dark central ring, knees and apices of other segments dark ; cell R,,;
either with the basal two-thirds dark or with a pale area in the middle of this dark
cloud ; pale spot in anal cell well basal to posterior fork (PI. 2, figs. k, /)
bifasciatus Kieffer

Legs unmarked ‘ ; 8
8. Wings with a single transverse band which spreads out posteriorly i in anal and fork
cells . ; . . luteipes Kieffer

Wings with two transverse bands connected by a grey tract in cell M,,,
flavipes Kieffer

312 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Microtendipes lamprogaster Kieffer

Chironomus (Tendipes) lamprogaster Kieffer, 1914, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 10: 266.
Microtendipes lamprogaster Kieffer, 1923, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 42 (1): 387; Freeman, 1955,
S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 378.

Wings unmarked, thorax with reddish stripes, knees of anterior legs dark, abdomen
with basal dark markings on segments 2-5. It is most like satchelli and umbrosus,
but can be distinguished from the former as shown in the key and from the latter
by the plain wings and black marked abdomen.

Male. Wing length 3-25-3°5 mm.

Head greenish, palpi brown, pedicel reddish, A.R. about 2-4, frontal tubercles
absent. Thorax yellowish green, stripes reddish brown and separate, postnotum
and sternopleuron dark brown. Legs yellowish green, knees and apices of tibiae
darkened, anterior femur with about one-sixth darkened, tibia with basal quarter
dark, femur lacking basally directed patch of bristles, L.R. barely 1, anterior tarsus
not bearded. Wings quite unmarked, venation normal, halteres pale. Abdomen
greenish, segment I with obscure brown markings, 2-4 with a dark basal ring
occupying about one-third of segment, usually extended in the mid-line almost to
the posterior border, segment 5 similar but less well marked, 6-9 more completely
dark. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 7, a) not differing from other species of the genus.

Female similar to male but abdominal markings less well developed ; antennae
more or less 7-segmented, segments 2 and 3 being only indistinctly separated.

I have been able to borrow cotypes from the South African Museum (type locality
Cape Town).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from CAPE PROVINCE. Berg River, French Hoek,
xli.1952, 4 g, 2 9 (K. M. F. Scott) and 1 g, I 9, xi.1951 (P. Brinck) ; Ceres, 1 3,
x1.1920 (R. E. Turner).

Microtendipes satchelli Freeman
Microtendipes satchelli Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 379.

Easily distinguished from other African species by the colour, closest to lamprogaster
but separated by the wider dark apex of the anterior femur, darker thorax and pale
unmarked basal abdominal segments ; male with patch of basally directed bristles
on anterior femur. This and /amprogaster are the only two African species known
to me with plain wings.

Male. Wing length 3-5 mm.

Head reddish yellow or brown, face paler, palpi darker, antennae reddish, pedicel
may be dark, plumes whitish at the apex, A.R. 2-5-3-0. Thorax with mesonotal
stripes brown or black and more or less fused across, shoulders may be greenish,
prescutellar area sometimes paler and pruinose ; scutellum, postnotum and pleura
dark brown ; specimens from Elisabethville have the thorax almost entirely black.
Legs yellowish green except for apical third or half of anterior femur and basal
third and apex of anterior tibia which are blackish, other knees with traces of
darkening ; L.R. about 1-2, anterior femur with a subapical patch of setae directed

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 313

towards the base. Wings quite unmarked, halteres yellow. Abdomen with
segments 1-5 yellowish green and unmarked, remainder dark ; hypopygium similar
to lamprogaster.

Female not unlike male in colour and pattern but thoracic stripes separate, cuticle
between yellowish brown ; abdomen less obviously pale on basal 5 segments, antennae
more or less 7-segmented.

Fic. 7. Male hypopygia of Microtendipes and Kribiocosmus. (a) M. lamprogaster ;
(b) K. ornatipes.

Holotype male in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: holotype male and 1 g paratype, Transkei,
Mt. Currie, Kokstad, iii.1953 (G. H. Satchell). BASUTOLAND: 2 3, Maseru, Lancer’s
Gap, ili.1951 (P. Brinck). BELGIAN CONGO: 12 4, 5 Q, Elisabethville, it1.1939
(H. J. Brédo).

Microtendipes umbrosus Freeman

Microtendipes umbrosus Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, 83 : 32, Free-
man, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 378.

A medium-sized yellowish brown species with darker markings on thorax, especially
on lateral stripes; female antennae more or less 7-segmented ; legs with knees

314 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

dark and a dark ring near the middle of the anterior femur ; wings with a median
transverse dark band or shade ; abdomen pale on segments 1-5 or pale with narrow
dark rings. Distinguished from species with similar body markings such as satchelli
by the wing markings and the anterior femoral ring.

Male. Wing length 2:5-3-75 mm.

Head yellowish brown, mouthparts dark; antennal pedicel reddish, plumes
paler towards apex, A.R. 2-2-3. Thorax with pale shoulders which may be almost
whitish ; stripes brown, lateral ones usually darker brown, stripes more or less
fused across thorax, postnotum and sternopleuron dark brown. Legs yellowish
white, all knees and apices of tibiae dark ; anterior knees more broadly darkened so
that basal third or more of tibia may be black; anterior femur with broad dark
ring distal to the middle, other femora with traces of a similar ring ; anterior tarsal
segments dark at extreme apices ; anterior femur with patch of setae directed basally,
L.R. 1:2. Wings with a central dark shade or band (Pl. 2, fig. f of female), hardly
extending basal to posterior fork but sometimes extending in cell R,,, towards apex
so that a good deal of apical half appears shaded ; halteres pale. Abdomen with
segments I—5 unmarked yellowish white in most specimens, occasionally with narrow
dark rings at apices of segments, apical segments dark, hypopygium similar to
lamprogaster.

Female essentially similar to male but darker in colour and wing and leg markings
more extensive ; ring on posterior femora more distinct, that of anterior femur may
be partially joined to apical darkening ; abdomen not always distinctly paler on
basal 5 segments ; antennae more or less 7-segmented.

Holotype female in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. KENYA: holotype female and 1 g, 1 9 paratype, Nyanza,
Lumbwa Distr., xii.rg11 (C. M. Dotts). Supan: 1 4, 4 9, Jebel Marra, 6,000-
8,000 ft., v-vi.1932 (M. Steele). NiGERIA: 8 4, 4 9, Kankiya, xii.1956-i1.1957
(B. McMillan). Brtcian Conco: 7 9, Pare National Albert, Riv. Bishakishaki,
iv.1934 (de Witte); 4 3, 3 §, Elisabethville, xi.1938-iii.1939 (H. J. Brédo); 1 6,
Lwiro-Bukavu, v.1957 (J. Hamon). S. RHopEsIA: I 4, Mt. Chironda (C. F. M.
Swynnerton) ; I 9, Salisbury, ii-iii.1956 (E. T. M. Reid). TRANSVAAL: I 9,
Waterval, Lydenburg, iv.1955 (A. D. Harrison). S.W. AFRICA: 16 4g, 4 9, Kaoko-
veld, Anabib (P. Brinch).

Microtendipes albus Goetghebuer

Polypedilum album Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 482.
Microtendipes rutshuruensis Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witt, 83 : 34;
Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 378 (SYN. NoV.).

A pale species with distinctively patterned wings, the cloud at the apex distin-
guishing it from other African species except filitarsus and lentiginosus ; it is separated
from the former by the presence of dark markings at the apices of tibiae and tarsal
segments and from the latter by the quite different wing pattern. I have examined
Goetghebuer’s type and find it to be the same species as rutshuruensis. He omitted
the apical wing cloud from his figure although it is quite distinct on the specimen

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 315

and his placing of the species in Polypedilum is wrong as it shows all the generic
characters of Microtendipes.

Male. Wing length 2-5-3:0 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae reddish yellow, plumes whitish, A.R. about 2.
Thorax with whitish yellow pruinose background ; stripes, especially lateral ones,
postnotum and sternopleuron brown or dark brown. Legs whitish, anterior knees
broadly black, middle and posterior knees less strongly marked, more brownish or
with a ring above and below ; anterior femur with a central dark band which may
be greatly reduced ; apices of all tibiae dark, apices of all tarsal segments broadly
dark ; basitarsus without the central dark ring seen in the female but examination
of more material may show that it usually is present ; L.R. 1-3, anterior femur with
basally-directed patch of setae poorly developed. Wzungs similarly patterned to the
female (Pl. 2, fig. g) ; apex clouded and with four more clouds as shown ; halteres
pale. Abdomen yellowish white, incisures may be narrowly darkened, hypopygium
as in lamprogaster.

Female. Wing length 2-3°5 mm.

Very similar to male in pattern, thorax may be considerably paler, legs have an
additional dark band in centre of basitarsus ; antennae with 6 segments.

Holotype male of album in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren, of rutshuruensis
in the British Museum (both from BELGIAN ConGo: Rutshuru).

DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN CONGO: type specimens from Rutshuru: 1 Q, Elisa-
bethville, ii. 1939 (H. J. Brédo) ; 2 9, Lwiro-Bukavu, v.1957 (J. Hamon). TANGAN-
YIKA: 2 9, Njombe, viii-ix.1951 (W. Peters). NATAL: I 9, Weenen, viil.1924
(H. P. Thomasset) ; 4 2, Royal Natal National Park, iv.1951 (P. Brinck).

Microtendipes lentiginosus Freeman
Microtendipes lentiginosus Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Upemba, 35 : 100.

In general structure and in the colour of body and legs this species is extremely
similar to albus, differing only in the presence of a central dark band on the femora
of all legs and in the absence of a central basitarsal ring ; its size is smaller (wing
length 2 mm. for all specimens). The main point of difference between it and all
other species is the peculiar wing pattern (Pl. 2, figs. 2, 7) which is composed of
numerous small rounded dark spots with blotches at the cross-vein, posterior fork
and apex. The detailed number and arrangement of the spots differ not only from
specimen to specimen but also on both sides of the same specimen ; fig. 7 of the
holotype illustrates a paler specimen, the paratype in fig. 7 is a commoner pattern
but darker; more heavily patterned ones do occur.

Holotype female is in the collection of the Institut des Parcs nationaux du Congo
Belge.

DISTRIBUTION. KENYA: I @ paratype, Kavirondo, ix.1g11 (C. N. Woodhouse).
BELGIAN Conco: holotype female, Pare national de l’Upemba, x.1947 (de Witte) ;
2 3, 2 92, Elisabethville, xii. 1938 and iv.1939 (H. J. Brédo). NATAL: 1 9, Bergville,
xii.1954 (W. D. Oliff).

316 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Microtendipes taitae Kieffer

Chivonomus taitae Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1: 15.
Polypedilum (?) annulaticrus Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91 : 31 (SYN. NOV.).

Thorax with brown stripes, abdomen of male yellow with dark incisures, legs
dark at the knees and apices of tibiae and with a central dark band on the anterior
femur ; easily distinguished from all other African species by the wing pattern which
is formed of seven spots, two being in the posterior fork cell.

I have examined the series of cotypes of taitae and can confirm the identity of the
species but the type of annulaticrus is lost. It cannot belong to Polypedilum because
the eighth segment of the male abdomen is not contracted basally ; the presence of
two spots in the posterior fork cell makes it reasonably certain that it is a redescrip-
tion of taztae.

Male. Wing length 3-:25-3-75 mm.

Head and pedicel yellowish brown, mouthparts blackish, A.R. 2:5. Thorax
greenish brown; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron reddish or dark brown,
shoulders and prescutellar area pruinose. Legs greenish or yellowish brown,
broadly darkened at the knees, anterior femur with a broad dark ring beyond the
middle, other femora sometimes with this ring or sometimes with the basal half
darkened ; tibiae and tarsal segments dark at apices; front femur with poorly
developed patch of setae directed basally, L.R. 1-3. Wangs (Pl. 2, fig. h of female)
with well-developed pattern of seven spots, outer three more or less in a line across
wing, posterior fork cell containing two; exact extent of each spot variable to a
limited extent, the larger one in cell R,,; sometimes appearing double, the one
behind it in cell M,,, occasionally absent ; halteres pale. Abdomen with segments
1-5 yellowish white, incisures narrowly dark, apical segments more or less darkened ;
hypopygium similar to lamprogaster.

Female similar to male in colour and pattern, antennae with 6 segments.

Cotypes of faitae are in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (type
locality KENYA : Taita) ; type of annulaticrus lost (type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS:
Kribi).

DISTRIBUTION. GoLD Coast: 1 9, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Crisp). KENYA:
I g, I 9, Nairobi, v.r9g1r (T. J. Anderson). BELGIAN Conco: 1 dg, Kalunga,

—— ee

EEE ee

Elisabethville, ii.1934 (C. Seydl). N. RuoprEsiA: 1 9, Chilanga, ix.1913 (R. C.
Wood). S. RuopEsIA: 1 g, Chirinda Forest, xi.1930 (A. Cuthbertson); I 9,
Salisbury, 11-1. 1956 (FE. T. M. Reid). Nata: 1 9, Kloof, ix.1926 (R. E. Turner);
2 3, Rosetta, ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison).

Microtendipes bifasciatus Kieffer

Kribiomimus bifasciatus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 51.

Kribtocharis annulaticrus Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91: 5 (SYN. NOV.).

Kribiocallis fasctatipennis Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91 : 16 (SYN. NOV.).

Hulstaertiella caloptera Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28: 456 (SYN. NOV.).
Polypedilum bicinctum Goetghebuer, 1936, ibid. 28 : 483 (SYN. NOV.).

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 317

Wings heavily marked with two dark bands which are connected to a greater or
lesser extent, apex clear and there are clear spots in fork and anal cells; legs dark
at knees, at apices of tibiae and tarsal segments and with a central dark femoral
ring; thorax with white pruinosity, abdomen of male pale, each segment with a
dark ring basally. The wing markings, although variable in intensity, make this
species easily recognizable. Although I have not seen the types, Kieffer’s three
species agree very well with my specimens. I have seen both of Goetghebuer’s
types and find that bicinctum was described from a pale male and caloptera from a
dark female.

Male. Wing length 2-5-3-0 mm.

Head yellowish or brown, mouthparts brown, pedicel yellow, plumes white,
at least apically, A.R. about 3. Thorax yellowish brown with white pruinosity on
shoulders, between stripes and in prescutellar area. Legs yellowish white, knees
broadly darkened, apices of tibiae and of tarsal segments dark, femora with a broad
brown ring just beyond the middle; anterior femora without the basally directed
hair patch, L.R. 1-5. Wungs heavily patterned as shown in PI. 2, fig. k of female ;
markings can be considered as formed of two dark bands one at level of apex of R,,
the other bounded basally by cross-vein r-m ; the two bands are more or less distinctly
connected centrally leaving an oval clear area in cell R,,;; the outer band tends
to creep along vein M,,, and there is another clear spot between the bands in the
fork cell; basal band expands in anal cell which contains another dark basal spot,
the area between the two is clear and more or less circular. Abdomen yellowish,
each segment narrowly darkened basally ; hypopygium similar to lamprogaster.

Female resembles male but wing pattern more intense ; grey area connecting the
_ two bands may cover cell R,,; as well as M,,, so that there appears to be only one
broad and more or less continuous band relieved only by the spot in the fork cell ;
these two extremes of intensity are shown in PI. 2, figs. k, 2; antennae probably
6-segmented.

Type series of all three of Kieffer’s species lost, type locality of all, FRENCH
CAMEROONS: Kribi, bifasciatus was based on males, the other two on females. The
types of Goetghebuer’s species are in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren.

DISTRIBUTION. SIERRA LEONE: I 64, Nijala, viii.1930 (E. Hargreaves). Tan-
GANYIKA: 2 9, Njombe, ii.1952 (W. Peters). BELGIAN CoNGO: I d, 3 9, Stanley-
ville (Mouchet) ; 1 9, Eala, v.1935 (J. Ghesquiére) ; 1 9, Elisabethville, xii.1938
(H. J. Brédo) ; holotype male of bicinctum, Stanleyville, holotype female of caloptera,
Flandria.

? Microtendipes flavipes Kieffer
Kribiomimus flavipes Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 52.

I have seen no specimens which agree with the description of this species. It
probably belongs to Microtendipes because it is said by Kieffer to resemble bifasciatus
of which it may be a teneral specimen. The main difference lies in the absence of
dark markings on the legs which are completely yellow. The wing markings
resemble those of bifasciatus with the two transverse bands joined by a grey band
in cell M,,., hypopygium as in bifasciatus. Length 4-5 mm.

318 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Known only from the holotype male which is lost, type locality FRENCH
CAMEROONS : Kribi.

Microtendipes luteipes Kieffer
Kribiocharis luteipes Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91 : 3.

I have seen no specimens agreeing with the original description, but from the
produced thorax, the figure of the male hypopygium and the square shape of the
eighth segment of the male abdomen it probably belongs to this genus. It differs
from all other species except flavipes by the unmarked pale legs ; it may be separated
from flavipes by the presence of a single transverse dark band on the wing. The
following description is taken from the original.

Length of male 3-8-4 mm., of female 3-3-5 mm.

Clear yellow. Male antennae brownish, A.R. 1-5, female antennae with 6 segments.
Thorax prolonged above head, concolorous in female, but stripes, postnotum and
sternopleuron yellow in male ; halteres white. Wings with fork cell and cell between
the stem of the fork and the anal vein grey to the posterior border except for two
clear spots on the border, the distal in the fork cell against Cu, the other at the
extremity of the anal cell; the other grey spots are : two confluent, together
forming a transverse band going from R,,,; to M,,, opposite the extremity of Cu
and a grey tract on the proximal third of M,,,. Legs entirely yellow, anterior
femur equal to tibia, tarsi not bearded, L.R. more than 1, pulvilli short ; tibial
scale rounded and transverse. Male abdomen yellowish white, incisures darker,
VIIIth tergite square ; hypopygium, from the figure, very similar to lamprogaster.
One female is mentioned with the whole of cell R,,, grey, though paler in colour
than the spots.

Known only from the type series now lost, type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS :
Kribi.

Genus KRIBIOCOSMUS Kieffer

Knibiocosmus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent.

France, 90: 48.

Eyes rather widely separated above, narrow portion hardly longer than wide,
frontal tubercles absent, palpi well developed and thick, clothed with more bristly
hairs than is usual, A.R. of the only known species about 0-6, female antennae not
known. Prothorax reaching nearly to front of mesonotum, but not visible from
above, dorso-central and acrostichal bristles both well developed. Anterior tibial
scale triangular and with a narrow slightly curved spur at the apex as long as the
scale itself ; combs of other tibiae fused, each pair with a single short spur ; pulvilli
not visible with a binocular microscope. Wings clouded, R,,, ending midway
between R, and R,,;, posterior fork below cross-vein, squama fringed. Male
abdomen with eighth segment not constricted at the base ; two hypopygial appen-
dages present, coxite and style narrow.

This genus was described by Kieffer to include the only known species K. ornatipes
Kieffer which is automatically the type species of the genus. In general appearance

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 319

and in the structure of the front tibial spur it resembles Lauterborniella but the combs
on the other tibiae are more like those of Stictochironomus. These characters com-
bined with the virtual absence of pulvilli are sufficient to separate it from all other
described genera.

Kribiocosmus ornatipes Kieffer
Kribiocosmus ornatipes Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 48.

‘Mesonotum with strongly developed pruinosity along the hair lines, legs dark but
tarsi banded with yellow, wings distinctively clouded, anal point of male broadened
at tip.

Male. Wing length 2 mm.

Head yellowish-brown, palpi darker, antennae with reddish pedicel, flagellum
with segments 1-4 whitish, plumes rather sparse, A.R. only 0-6. Thorax brown
and with a pair of broad and conspicuous silvery pruinose stripes along lines of
dorso-central bristles from anterior to posterior margins of mesonotum ; line of
acrostichal bristles less obviously pruinose. Legs brown with yellow markings ;
coxae, bases of femora, knees of posterior four legs pale ; anterior basitarsus pale
with dark apex, second and third segments narrowly pale basally, 4 and 5 completely
dark ; L.R. 1-75, tarsal beard absent ; basitarsus of other legs with a broad median
pale band, segments 2 and 3 broadly pale basally, remainder dark. Wings (PI. 2,
fig. m) clouded, cell R,,; with clouds basally, beyond the centre and at the apex,
fork cell with a central cloud, anal cell with two; halteres yellow. Abdomen dark
brown. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 7, 0) quite characteristic ; anal point downturned
and broadened at the apex, appendage I narrow and sharply pointed, appearing
as a continuation of a curved ridge on the coxite, appendage 2 short and without
long apical hair, styles narrow and contracted apically.

Female. So far as can be seen from the only, rather damaged, specimen available,
similar to male ; antennae broken.

I have not seen the holotype male which is probably lost (type locality FRENCH
CAMEROONS: Kribi) but it can easily be identified from Kieffer’s description and
figure.

DISTRIBUTION. GOLD CoasT: 1 J, Koforidua, vii.1g19 (fF. H. Storey); 2 6,
I 9, Bolgatanga, xi.1954 (G. Crisp). FRENCH WEST AFRICA, SOUDAN : I gf, Bamako,
x1.1953 (J. Hamon). Br cian Conco: 1 3, Stanleyville, viii.19g28 (A. Collart).

Genus LAUTERBORNIELLA Bause

Lauterborniella Bause, 1914, Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 2: 120; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent.
France, 90: 28; Townes, 1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34: 19.

Zavreliella Kieffer, 1920, Bull. Soc. ent. France, 1919 : 334.

Kribiodorum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1):270; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent.
France, 90 : 46.

Chironomus subg. Lauterborniella Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 404.

Male antenna with 13 or 14 segments, the last two often indistinctly separated,
female with 6-7 segments ; frontal tubercles absent. Pronotum reduced and not

320 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

visible from above. Anterior tibia usually with a short sharp spur or triangular
pointed scale ; combs of posterior tibiae separate, the smaller with a spur which may
be long and strong ; pulvilli well developed. Wings with R,,, ending beyond tip
of R,, squama bare. Eighth segment of male abdomen not contracted basally,
usually two hypopygial appendages, but in one species 2a is present as well.

The four African species which I am placing in this genus are probably not all
very closely allied to one another ; pulchra is closely allied to a North American
species and fuscoguttata may be a synonym of a European species. These two
and longiventris would belong to the subgenus Zavreliella, but following Townes
(1945) I prefer not to recognize this as a distinct subgenus.

Kry To AFRICAN SPECIES OF Lauterborniella

1. Legs completely yellow, without dark markings; wings with two grey transverse
bands (Pl. 2, fig. q) : ; ; ; ‘ : ; . pallidipes Kieffer
Legs with dark markings, especially at apices of anterior femora . ; ‘ é 2
2. Wing pattern as in Pl. 2, fig. ~; fork cell with three dark spots . fuscoguttata Kieffer
Wing pattern not so obviously in form of dark spots, apex more or less clear 3 3
3. Wing with clear areas forming two bands (PI. 2, fig. 0) : : . pulchra Kieffer
Clear areas not like this (Pl. 2, fig. p) j F : : longiventris Goetghebuer

Lauterborniella fuscoguttata Kieffer
Polypedilum fuscoguttatum Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91 : 37.

Blackish or dark brown, pruinose, wings heavily marked with eleven or twelve
spots, fork cell with three spots. Legs pale, tarsi banded, abdomen with basal
tuberosities on each segment dorsally, especially obvious in the male.

This species is easily recognized by the wing pattern, banded tarsi and abdominal
tuberosities. It is doubtfully distinct from the parthenogenetic European species
L. marmorata van der Wulp, but I am maintaining the separation until such time
as males are known of the latter or until more is known of their biology. The
North American species L. varipennis Coquillett may well prove to be another
synonym, judging from the description given by Townes (1945). He distinguishes
Coquillett’s species from the European one by the absence in the latter of the
abdominal tuberosities, by its heavier wing markings and constant single spurred
condition of the posterior tibia. In actual fact the tuberosities are present, but as
they are not strongly developed in females, have not been mentioned in the literature.

Male. Wing length 1-75 mm.

Head, mouthparts and pedicel of antennae dark brown or blackish, A.R. about
1:2. Thorax dark brown or blackish, marbled with pruinosity. Legs yellowish
with darker markings, anterior femur clubbed on apical half which is black, other
femora dark on basal halves ; anterior tibia black, knee pale, other tibiae blackish
at tips; all tarsal segments dark at apices. Anterior tibia about half as long as
femur, L.R. 2:5, tibial spur well developed and straight ; small comb of posterior
tibia projecting beyond other comb and twisted to give a characteristic appearance.
Wings (Pl. 2, fig. » of female) with heavy pattern, the three spots in the fork cell
being especially characteristic; squama bare, halteres white. Abdomen black,

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 321

hypopygium paler; each segment with an oval, longitudinal, ridge or tuberosity
in its basal half and a silvery pruinose patch on its apical half, each ridge bears a
tuft of hair. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 8, a) very similar to the North American
species L. varipennis.

Female similar to male but abdominal tuberosities less strongly developed,
antennae with 6 segments.

Cotype females probably lost (type locality SuDAN : Shambe).

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 8 Q, Melut, Tonga and Adok, xi.1953 (EZ. T. M. Reid) ;
I 9, Rumbek, vi-vii.1954 (EF. T. M. Reid) ; 1 3, 5 2, near Wau, iii-iv.1955 (E. T. M.
Reid). NIGERIA: 1 g, Kankiya, xii.1956-i.1957 (B. McMillan). FRENCH WEST
ArricaA, Haute Volta: 3 3, 1 9, Tangrela nr. Banfora, xii.1956 (J. Hamon).
S. RHODESIA: I Q, Salisbury, iv.1956 (E. T. M. Reid).

Fic. 8. Male hypopygia of Lauterborniella. (a) L. fuscoguttata ;
(b) L. pulchva ; (c) L. pallidipes.

Lauterborniella pulchra Kieffer

Kribiodorum pulchrum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 46.
Paratendipes violaceus Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 458 (SYN. NOV.).

Thorax greenish or yellowish, legs variably banded with black, anterior femur
more or less swollen at apex which is always black, anterior tibia always pure white
on basal half or more ; wings brown or blackish with clear areas at the apex and
others forming a median band. The leg and wing markings are sufficient to dis-

322 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

tinguish it from all other African species known tome. It shows a strong resemblance
in appearance, structure and pattern to the North American species L. perpulcher
Mitchell but it may be distinguished by the wings being dark right to the base and
by the shape and arrangement of the clear areas in the fork cell and anal cell.

It is easily recognized from Kieffer’s description and I have been able to examine
Goetghebuer’s type and can confirm the synonymy. It is not clear why Goetghebuer
placed it in Paratendipes, but it may be because the number of tibial spurs is difficult
to determine from his specimen ; he has also confused the legs in his figure, because
on the holotype the middle tarsi are present and the posterior ones broken, whereas
in his drawing tarsi are present on hind legs only. The dark colour of his type is
probably caused by scorching which often makes material taken at light unnaturally
dark.

Male. Wing length 1-75-2:0 mm.

Head greenish or yellowish, pedicel yellowish brown, A.R. about 1-0, palpi yellow.
Thorax greenish or yellowish with reddish yellow stripes, postnotum dark, pleura
with a broad horizontal dark stripe which continues the colour of the abdomen.
Legs yellow with variable dark and white markings ; anterior femur slightly swollen
apically, apical third always black, all femora may have a broad dark ring near the
middle, posterior femora may be dark at apices as well; anterior tibia strikingly
white on basal half or two-thirds, apical half or third black, other tibiae either
completely yellow or else white basally and with an indefinite broad dark median
band ; anterior tarsi of males all broken but in females anterior basitarsus pale on
basal half, other segments dark, tarsal segments of other legs broadly dark at apices ;
L.R. of females about 2, anterior tibial spur long and curved, scale reduced, spur
often broken. Wungs (Pl. 2, fig. o of female) brown or blackish with pale areas as
shown, though these are variable in extent; squama bare. Halteres green or
yellow. Abdomen brown, each segment indefinitely paler in basal half or more,
hypopygium white. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 8, b) very similar to that of L. perpulcher
Mitchell (North America).

Female very similar to male in colour, general structure and pattern; antennae
with 7 segments, I-6 may be white, 7 is always dark.

I have not seen the type series of pulchra which is probably lost (type locality
FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi) ; holotype 9 of violaceus is in the Musée Royal du Congo
Belge, Tervuren (BELGIAN Conco: Rutshuru).

DISTRIBUTION. GOLD Coast: I 9, Kete Krachi, x.1898 (Graf Zech). SUDAN:
6 3, 6 9, Khartoum, x.1951 (D. J. Lewis); 1 9, Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (EZ. T. M.
Reid). NataL: 1 9, Howick, iv.1953 (G. H. Satchell). The type localities are
additional.

Lauterborniella longiventris Goetghebuer
Kribiomimus longiventris Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 454.

Thorax greenish with reddish mesonotal stripes and dark pleural stripe; legs
golden, apices of segments broadly blackened, anterior tibiae with spur; wings
heavily patterned, apex clear ; abdomen blackish, each segment pruinose at extreme

ee

a

|

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 323

apex. Only the holotype is known ; the general appearance, bare squama, slightly
clubbed anterior femur and spurred anterior tibia place it in Lauterborniella near
pulchra. Through the kindness of Dr. P. L. G. Benoit I have been able to include
a photograph of the wing.

Male. Wing length 2:75 mm., body length 5 mm. (not 7 mm. as stated by
Goetghebuer).

Head brown, A.R. 1°75 (not 2:5 as stated by Goetghebuer). Thorax greenish,
stripes and sternopleuron reddish brown, horizontal pleural stripe and postnotum
black. Legs golden yellow, anterior femur slightly clubbed, apical quarter of all
femora and third of tibiae black, segments 1-4 of anterior tarsus with apical thirds
black, on other legs black at tips; in addition traces of black bands present at
middle of femora and at bases of tibiae. Anterior tibia appears to have well-formed
long spur at apex of small oval scale, spur of other tibiae short, L.R. 2-0. Wungs
mainly dark, but apex and a large spot in fork cell clear, other spots as shown in
Pl. 2, fig. #; squama bare, halteres yellow. Abdomen blackish with golden hairs
and traces of paler colouring on segments 2 and 5; each segment with narrow
pruinose band at apex. Hypopygium broken but anal point long and appendage 1
hook-like as seen in dried specimen.

Female not known.

I have seen the holotype male in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren, type
locality, BELGIAN ConGo: Kasai, Ilebo. No other specimens are known to me.

Lauterborniella pallidipes Kieffer
Kribiomimus pallidipes Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 52.

Thorax yellowish or reddish with a dark lateral stripe on pleuron, abdomen
blackish ; legs yellow without dark markings, tibial scale oval, spur absent, posterior
tibial spur long and curved ; wings with two transverse grey bands; male hypo-
pygium with appendage 2a present. It can easily be distinguished from the other
African species by the pale legs and by the wing pattern ; in some ways, for instance
in the absence of a long anterior tibial spur and in the presence of appendage 2a,
it is not very typical of the genus, but the bare squama, long posterior tibial spur
and presence of pulvilli, cause it to fall here better than into any other genus.

Male. Wing length 1-5-1-75 mm.

Head yellowish brown, palpi yellow, pedicel brownish, A.R. about 1-2. Thorax
yellowish, mesonotal stripes reddish, postnotum and a lateral horizontal pleural
stripe dark brown. Legs yellow and without markings; anterior tibial scale oval
and without spur or spine, although a very short dark point can sometimes be seen
at the apex, L.R. about 2:2, pulvilli present, tarsal beard absent ; posterior tibial
combs not fused, with one long spur, curved at the apex. Wings (PI. 2, fig. ¢ of
female) with two grey transverse bands, one at level of cross-vein and the other at
level of apex of R,,3; squama bare. Abdomen blackish, hypopygium not paler ;
hypopygium (Text-fig. 8 c) with stout anal point and three appendages ; appendage
2a@ straight and hairy, styles slightly curved, coxites long.

324 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Female similar to male, antennae with 6 segments. |

The type series is probably lost (FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi).

DISTRIBUTION. SIERRA LEONE: I dg, I 9, Pepel, i.1956 (D. J. Lewis). Gorp —
Coast: 1 9, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Crisp). NIGERIA: I 4, Katsina, x.1956 (B. )
McMillan); 1 3, Kankiya (B. McMillan). SupAN: 14,5 2, Melut, Adok, Shambe,
xi.1953 (E. T. M. Reid); 4 3, 1 9, nr. Wau, iii.1955 (EF. T. M. Reid). BELGIAN ,
Conco: 1 4,5 2, Musosa, x.1939 and 3 J, 13 9, Elisabethville, iii. 1939 (H. J. Brédo).
S. RHODESIA: I 9, Salisbury, iv.1956 (E. T. M. Reid). |

Genus KRIBIODOSIS Kieffer

Kribiodosis Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 270; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France,
90 : 40.

Male antennae with 13 or 14 segments, segmentation often indistinct, female
antennae with 5 only, the last one being swollen at the base and formed by the
fusion of 2 segments ; frontal tubercles absent. Pronotum reduced and not visible
from above. Legs unusually long and thin, anterior femora and tibiae slightly
clubbed at apices; anterior tibia with a sharp spur arising from a reduced and
transverse scale, combs of posterior tibiae separate and the smaller with a very long
thin curved spur; pulvilliscarcely distinguishable. Wings narrow and cuneiform,
squama bare, R,,, separated from R, at the apex, Cu, short, only about half as long
as Mg,, (Text-fig. 9, a). Eighth segment of male abdomen contracted basally,
hypopygium with two appendages.

This genus is very close to Lauterborniella in most of its characters but I prefer
to keep it distinct until more species are known because its appearance is different
with its long thin legs and narrow wings and also because the eighth segment of
the male is basally contracted, the pulvilli are reduced and the female antenna has
only 5 segments.

Kieffer described five African species all from the same locality, but I can see no
reason for maintaining them as distinct from each other. No other species are
known. Type species of the genus K. clavigera Kieffer by original citation (as
fasciata Kieffer).

Kribiodosis clavigera Kieffer

Kribiodosis clavigera Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 41.
Kribiodosis fuscithorax Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 90 : 42 (SYN. NOV.).
Kribiodosis distans Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 90 : 42 (SYN. NOV.).
Kribiodosis fasciata Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 90 : 43 (SYN. NOV.).
Kribiodosis flaviventris Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 90 : 44 (SYN. NOV.).

oat Bai

A small dark species easily distinguished from other species of the subfamily
by the narrow wings, bare squama, banded abdomen and the very long thin legs
with the apices of femora and tibiae white,

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 325

All Kieffer’s material was from the same locality and the differences between the
species are mostly of colour ; three species were described from females alone, two
from single specimens, the other two species (fuscithorax and fasciata) were known
in both sexes. K. clavigera was separated mainly because the wings were feebly
brown, but in the females available to me this is often so ; the main points of separa-
tion for the other four species lie in the colour and degree of fusion of the thoracic
stripes and slight details of leg colour. However, as Kieffer’s specimens were all in

Fic. 9. Males of Kribiodosis and Kribiothauma. (a) Wing of Kribiodosis clavigera ;
(b) hypopygium of the same; (c) antenna of Kribiothauma pulchellum ; (d) hypo-
pygium of the same.

spirit these characters are very unreliable and I prefer to regard all as redescriptions
of the same species, for which I am using the first of his names.

Male. Wing length 1-3-1°5 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, flagellum whitish at the base, segmentation
of antennae indistinct but usually 13 segments are present. A.R. about 1; eyes
rather close together above, narrow portion wider than usual, separation about
half width of narrow portion. Thorax dark brown and shining, usually with some
indication of darker stripes. Legs brown or yellowish brown, apices of femora and
tibiae slightly clubbed and white, this is more noticeable on front legs than on others,
femora may be rather darker just before white club ; legs long and thin, all femora

ENTOM., 6, II, 17

326 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

subequal, anterior tibia half length of femur, other tibiae nearly as long as femora ;
L.R. 2:5, segment 4 of front tarsus with three strong bristles projecting inwardly,
basitarsus of middle legs slightly shorter than tibia, of posterior legs slightly longer
than tibia; pulvilli barely noticeable. Wéangs usually clear, venation and shape
- as in Text-fig. 9, @; squama bare, halteres white. Abdomen yellowish brown,
each segment with a dark ring posteriorly, styles white; hypopygium (Text-fig.
9, 6) without unusual features.

Female essentially similar to male in colour and structure although wings may be
slightly smoky ; fourth segment of anterior tarsus simple, antennae with 5 segments.

The types of all of Kieffer’s species are lost, all were from FRENCH CAMEROONS :
Kribi.

DISTRIBUTION. NIGERIA: I 9, Abuja, xii.1954 (R. W. Crosskey). FRENCH
WEsT AFRICA: 19 3, Moami, nr. Bobo Dioulasso, xi.1956 (J. Hamon). BELGIAN
Conco: 1 J, 8 Q, Elisabethville, iiiv.1939 (H. J. Brédo); 2 9, Likimi, xii.1927
(A. Collart).

Genus LEPIDOPODUS gen. nov.

Male unknown, female antenna with 7 segments, eyes slightly wider apart above
than below, frontal tubercles absent, palpi long. Prothorax reduced centrally but
produced laterally as a short tubercle each side; acrostichal and dorso-central
bristles both present as complete rows. Legs long and slender, more or less as in
Kribiodosis, clothed with adpressed scales as well as erect bristles ; anterior tibial
scale without spur, posterior tibia with a single long spur which is on the large inner
comb; pulvilli absent. Wings without macrotrichia, R,,, separate from R, at
apex, posterior fork beyond cross-vein, squama with incomplete fringe of 4—5 hairs.

Type species of the genus Chironomus nigratipes Kieffer, Ig1I.

Although only known from a single female the characters of the scales on the
legs, curious prothorax and absence of both anterior tibial spur and also pulvilli
are sufficient to distinguish it readily from all known genera. Although superficially
like Lauterborniella and Kribiodosis it may not really be closely allied to them at all ;
a male is necessary before its exact affinities can be determined.

Lepidopodus nigratipes Kieffer
Chironomus nigratipes Kieffer, 1911, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 14 : 358.

Brown, abdominal segments broadly pale apically, knees and apices of tibiae
yellow. Distinguished from other species of the subfamily by the presence of
adpressed scales on the legs and by the tuberculate prothorax.

Female. Wing length 2-25 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, pedicel and basal flagellar segment yellow,
antennal segments fusiform, segment 7 equal to 5 and 6 together. Thorax brown,
slightly pruinose along hair lines and lateral margins. Legs brown, apices of femora,
knees and apices of tibiae yellow, clothed with adpressed narrow scales as well as
erect bristles ; L.R. 2, anterior femur one and a half times as long as tibia, pulvilli

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 327

absent. Wings unmarked, halteres pale. Abdomen brown, segments 2-6 with
broad yellow apices, segment 1 completely yellow, cerci yellow.

The holotype female is in the British Museum; type locality SEYCHELLES:
Mahé ; no other specimens are known.

Genus KRIBIOTHAUMA Kieffer

Kribiothauma Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 270; Kieffer, rg2t, Ann. Soc. ent.
France, 90 : 39.

Male antenna with 14 segments, all flagellar segments more or less equal, the last not
greatly elongated, without long plumes but with a whorl of about 4 short hairs (Text-
fig. 9, c), sensory hairs well developed and sinuous ; female antenna with 7 segments ;
frontal tubercles absent ; palpi of medium length only. Prothorax reduced, not
visible from above, acrostichal and dorso-central bristles both present but short.
Anterior tibia with strong curved spur, posterior tibia with a single spur, pulvilli
present but not conspicuous. Wings broad and patterned, posterior fork short,
R,,3 well separated from R,, squama fringed. Eighth segment of male abdomen
quadrate, ninth conical, appendage 1 absent, struts well developed, somewhat
similar to those of species of Corynoneurinae.

Type and only known species of the genus K. pulchellum Kieffer, 1921.

The affinities of this aberrant genus are not very obvious but on adult structure
it seems best placed with Lauterborniella and its allies. The peculiar structure of the
male antenna is similar in males both from French Cameroons and from Transvaal
and render the male easily recognizable. The female can be separated from
Lauterbormiella by the presence of a squamal fringe.

Kribiothauma pulchellum Kieffer
Kribiothauma pulchellum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 39.

A small species with heavily patterned wings, easily distinguished from other
species by the peculiar male antennae, low L.R., presence of front tibial spur and
squamal fringe and by the distinctive male hypopygium.

Male. Wing length 0-9 mm.

Head brown, antennae as in Text-fig. 9, c, pedicel yellow. Thorax brown, more
yellow in the centre anteriorly, slightly pruinose. Legs brown, tarsi yellow, L.R.
hardly more than 1. Wzngs blackish with clear spots as shown in PI. 2, fig. 7;
halteres black. Abdomen dark brown; hypopygium (Text-fig. 9, d) with conical
anal point, rounded at the apex, appendage 2 with about 5 hairs, styles with an
inner projection near the base and two apical spines in the single specimen available
to me.

Female not known to me, but similar to male according to Kieffer’s description.

The type series is probably lost ; type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi.

DISTRIBUTION. Apart from the type series known only from TRANSVAAL :
I g, Great Usutu River, nr, Amsterdam, ix.1954 (A. D, Harrison).

328 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Genus KRIBIOXENUS Kieffer

Kribioxenus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France,
90 : 29 and 53 (not Goetghebuer, 1928, Edwards, 1929 and Townes, 1945—see Nilothauma).

I have not seen any specimens that agree with such diagnosis as Kieffer gives in
his keys, I cannot, therefore, give a full generic diagnosis. It is separated by Kieffer
from other genera because the male antennae have 14 segments with A.R. 0-6, the
anterior tibia a short bristle-like spur, the posterior tibia a single spur, pulvilli
very short or absent and wings unmarked. The genus is monotypic and the type
species is K. pallidulus Kieffer.

Although I have been unable satisfactorily to recognize any species as belonging
to this genus, it is quite clear from a study of Kieffer’s description of the type species
that Goetghebuer and Edwards misidentified the genus when they placed brayi
Goetghebuer here instead of in Nilothauma. I have dealt with this at greater
length under Nilothauma in Part III of the present series of Studies. It is quite
possible that Kribioxenus is a synonym of Polypedilum as mentioned below.

Kribioxenus pallidulus Kieffer
Kribioxenus pallidulus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90: 53.

This was described from a yellowish white male, 1-2 mm. long, with mesonotal
stripes and postnotum brown and anterior femur twice as long as the tibia. The
male hypopygium as figured by Kieffer is shown with a widely triangular anal
point with another wide plate beneath prolonged into a short lobe on its posterior
margin. It seems probable that the latter is the true anal point and that the former
is the VIIIth tergite into which the hypopygium has been telescoped.

It is not improbable that it is a small plain-winged species of Polypedilum close
to or possibly synonymous with P. melanophilus Kieffer which also has a low antennal
ratio.

Holotype male probably lost, locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi.

Genus KRIBIOMYIA Kieffer

Kribiomyia Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1) : 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France,
90 : 30 and 91: 18.

As with Kribioxenus I have seen no specimens that agree with the brief diagnosis
given in Kieffer’s keys. The genus was based on a plain-winged female which had
broken antennae and which was separated from other genera mainly because the
anterior tibia had a rounded scale which lacked a spur, the posterior tibia had a
single spur, pulvilli were present and the wings unmarked. It could easily have
been the female of a species of Polypedilum with broken front tibial spur, but with
the inadequate diagnosis I prefer to treat it as genus incertae sedis.

Type species Kribiomyia longipalpis Kieffer by monotypy.

Ee

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 329

Kribiomyia longipalpis Kieffer
Kribiomyia longipalpis Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91: 18.

The only known specimen was a female, whitish yellow in colour, 2:5 mm. long.
The antennae were broken at the third segment; wings plain, halteres white,
legs yellow, tips of anterior tibiae and posterior tarsi a little obscured; anterior
femur nearly twice as long as tibia, anterior tarsi broken.

Holotype female probably lost, type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi.

TRIBE TANYTARSINI

As explained in Part III, the Tanytarsini contains all the species of the Chirono-
minae with not only macrotrichia on the wing membrane but also a bare squama
and cross-vein parallel to and practically continuous with R,,;. In addition the
male hypopygium has accessory appendages associated with appendages I or 2
or with both.

The genus Tanytarsus was used by van der Wulp for a number of species, two of
which were punctipes Weidemann and signatus Wulp, the identity of signatus
being certain but that of punctipes being open to some doubt. Kieffer (1909,
Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 26 : 50) as first reviser, restricted Tanytarsus sensu stricto
to species without pulvilli, which would include signatus, but he did not fix a type
species. This was done by Coquillett (1910, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 37: 612) who
fixed punctipes as the type species. Unfortunately, punctipes as determined by
Edwards and now generally accepted, possesses pulvilli and belongs to Phaenopsectra,
a group placed in the Chironomini. Therefore, if the Rules of Nomenclature are
followed, the name Tanytarsus should be used for Phaenopsectra, whilst the group
previously called Tanytarsus should be called by the next available name which is
Calopsectra Kieffer. This would involve a change of the name of the Tribe to Calop-
sectrini as has already been done by Townes (1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34:11) who
has been followed by some American Dipterists. Edwards, incorrectly, did not
accept Coquillett’s fixation on the grounds that it did not conform with Kieffer’s
restriction and in 1929 he proposed signatus as the type species.

The name Tanytarsus is now firmly entrenched in the literature and it is un-
desirable to change its meaning so drastically. Iam, therefore, preparing a case for
submission to the International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature asking
that Coquillett’s fixation should be set aside in favour of the later one by Edwards.
For the time being I am continuing to use the name Tanytarsus in its usually accepted
sense.

The species of the Tribe are all small or very small and difficult to distinguish
from each other. Very few can be separated without examination of the male
hypopygium which renders many of Kieffer’s species quite unrecognizable.

Kieffer has described 23 species in the tribe from Africa south of the Sahara,
two of which (glabripennis and alticola) belong to the Chironomini, genus Polypedilum.
Of the remainder, 13 are based on females alone and cannot be recognized, whilst of

330 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

the last eight only four have descriptions sufficient for their recognition. Short
notes are given on the unrecognized species at the end of the Tribe.

Goetghebuer has described three species and I have described 11, all of which are
redescribed and figured below.

Kry To AFRICAN GENERA OF TRIBE TANYTARSINI

1. Combs of posterior tibia without spurs, large and overlapping, thus appearing to be

fused (African species only) . ; ‘ . Micropsectra Kieffer
Combs of posterior tibia small, well separated and usually both with spurs . , 2
2. Eyes pubescent, small species with cuneiform wings . : ‘ . Zavrelia Kieffer
Eyes bare
3. Both combs usually spurred wings not cuneiform ; Reis longer, ending beyond tip
of M;,,4 ‘ . Tanytarsus Wulp
One comb without spur ; wings ‘cuneiform ¢ re shorter, ending at level of, or basal
to, tip of M3,,_ . é : ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ; : Stempellina Bause

Genus MICROPSECTRA Kieffer

Micropsectra Kieffer, 1909, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 26:50; Goetghebuer, 1938, 7m Lindner,
Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 84.
Tanytarsus subg. Micropsectra Edwards, 1929, Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 407.

Male antennae 14-segmented, frontal tubercles absent ; combs of four posterior
tibiae lacking spurs, fused in Palaearctic species but separate and overlapping in
the single African species ; r-m cross-vein two or three times length of basal section
of Rs.

The only known African species is represented by a single specimen from South
Africa. It is not completely typical of the genus because of the condition of the
combs which are so close that they overlap, a condition which I have not found in
any of the Palaearctic species available tome. However, as in other ways the species
falls into this genus I prefer to leave it there rather than erect a new genus.

Micropsectra capicola Freeman
Micropsectra capicola Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 379.

Scutal stripes fused, shoulders yellowish, abdomen yellowish with dark bands,
legs brown, combs unarmed but not fused, wings densely hairy, hypopygium with
three appendages.

Male. Wing length 2-2 mm.

Head yellowish brown, frontal tubercles absent, pedicel brown, A.R. about
0:8. Thorax with yellowish ground colour, stripes dark brown and fused, scutellum,
postnotum and sternopleuron brown, prescutellar area pale brown; acrostichal
bristles irregularly biserial, dorso-centrals uniserial. Legs brown and unmarked,
anterior tibia two-thirds length of femur, tarsus missing ; posterior basitarsus two-
thirds length of tibia, pulvilli absent, claws rather small ; combs unarmed, occupying
about three-quarters of circumference of tibia, appearing fused at first sight but
on closer inspection from the side they are seen to be separate but overlapping

————— a

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 331

or touching. Wings densely clothed all over with macrotrichia, squama bare,
r—m about three times length of base of Rs; halteres yellow. Abdomen yellowish
with brown bands at the incisures; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, a) with three
appendages, 1a absent, 2a transverse and with simple hairs only.

Female not known.

Holotype male in collection of the Lund University Museum; type locality
CAPE PROVINCE: Hermanus Waterfall ; no other specimens known.

Genus TANYTARSUS van der Wulp

Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874, Tijdschr. Ent. 17 : 134; Goetghebuer, 1938, im Lindner, Flieg.

Pal, Reg. 3 (13c) : 105.

Tanytarsus subg. Tanytarsus Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 409.

Combs of posterior tibiae at least narrowly separated ventrally, occupying at most
half circumference of tibia, usually both with a spur but inner one often shorter and
occasionally absent. Male antenna 13- or 14-segmented, of female 5~7—segmented.
Wing membrane with a variable number of macrotrichia, R,,; ending at level of,
or more usually beyond tip of M;,,, posterior fork usually well beyond cross-vein,
tip of M,,, often slightly sinuous, anal area always more or less developed. Scu-
tellum usually with several long marginal bristles but in small species the central
pair is the longest.

I am using Tanytarsus in a more restricted sense than it was used by Edwards,
to include only those groups which he placed in his subgenus Tanytarsus; I am
treating most of his species groups as subgenera, a treatment which conforms with
that of Goetghebuer. I have discussed the validity of the generic name above.

Tanytarsus used in this way includes most of the species of the tribe and can be
recognized by the combs and tibial spurs, shape of wings and length of R,,,;. It
can be divided into groups of species mainly on male genital characters, groups
which have often been regarded previously as genera, but it is my opinion that they
cannot be accorded a higher rank than subgenus because of the absence of similar
characters in the female.

Separation of the species is not easy especially as they are subject to considerable
variation particularly in colour ; the only reliable characters lie in the structure of
the male genitalia, though here again there is variability. I am able to recognize
25 African species, falling into four subgenera but no doubt others will be found when
there has been wider collecting of these tiny insects.

KEY TO SUBGENERA OF Tanytarsus FROM AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA

1. Pulvilli present; male anal point with reflexed appendages in both the known
African species. , : ; ; Calopsectra Kieffer
Pulvilli absent ; reflexed appendages absent : : 2
2. Appendage 2a of the male hypopygium with branched hairs, styles rather short
estan arabes Kieffer

Appendage 2a with hairs simple or flattened : ; 3
3. R, and R,,, close together and rasa ad R,,3 ; male styles contracted at apex or
for apical half. ; : . Rheotanytarsus Bause

R,43 present, styles evenly pointed or - rounded at apex . . Tanytarsus v. d. Wulp

332 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Tanytarsus VAN DER WULP SUBGENUS Tanytarsus SENSU STRICTO

Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874, Tijdschr. Ent. 17 : 134.

Tanytarsus subg. Tanytarsus Group D, Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 413.

Tanytarsus subgenus Tanytarsus Goetghebuer, 1938, in Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c): 105;
Brundin, 1947, Arkiv. Zool. 39A no. 3 : 67.

This subgenus includes all the species of the genus without special characters
enabling them to be split off as separate groups; most of the species fall here.
Pulvilli absent or indistinct, frontal tubercles usually present, male styles not
sharply contracted at apex, appendage 2a with simple, unbranched hairs. There

are two species groups, those with simple anal point and those with a longitudinal
row of dots placed between keels.

Key TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Tanytarsus Ss. STR., BASED ON MALE CHARACTERS

1. Anal point of male simple . P : ; 2
Anal point of male with longitudinal ; row of dots as in Text-fig. II ; . : 9
2. Legs yellow with black tips to femora and to tibiae and tarsal segments ; abdomen
yellow with distinctive black bands and longitudinal markings . . balteatus Freeman
Legs unmarked or only apices of femora vaguely darkened . é ‘ ° . 3
3. Appendage 1a absent , : : : ‘ ; ; ; ‘ : ° 4
Appendage 1a present. ; : ; : : x 6
4. Appendage 2a short and rounded (Text- -figs. 10, ¢, od) ‘ : : 4 ; . 5
Appendage 2a elongate (Text-fig. 10,¢) . , , ‘ . angustus Freeman
5. Abdomen plain green ‘ ‘ pallidulus Freeman
Abdomen with broad dark bands on segments 2, > 6 and 8. . atrocinctus Goetgbenuer
6. Wings with macrotrichia over most of surface. . pallidissimus Kieffer
Matrotrichia reduced, es only at apex and sometimes ; as lines along centre of
some cells. 5 i : < 5 y A 7
7. Anal point bifid (Text- fig. 10, 2) ‘ . , : , ‘ : bifurcus sp. n.
Anal point simple . ‘ ; : ; . : ; : 8
8. Appendage 2a rounded (Text-fig. 10, f) ; : ; : : . nocticolor Kieffer
Appendage 2a elongate (Text-fig. 10,h) . : ; b . atomarius Kieffer
9. Body of male entirely black, frontal tubercles absent : ‘ ; ; ‘ : Io
Body of male at least partially yellow or green . ; II
10. Thorax dull, partially pruinose, hypopygium as in Text- fig. 11,@. ‘aterrimus Freeman
Thorax shining, without pruinosity, ee as in Text-fig. 11,6 . Juctuosus sp. n.
11. Thoracic markings brown . ; ‘ , : ; : ; 12
Thoracic markings yellow : ‘ : . 14
12. Abdomen plain green, appendage 2a trifid (Text-g 13; r, h) ; ‘ trifidus sp. n.
Abdomen with dark markings . ; 13
13. Appendage 1 more or less square (Text-fig. 11, d), abdomen green with pale brown ring
on each segment, tarsal beard absent. ; ‘ . spadiceonotatus sp. 0.
Appendage 1 more elongate (Text-fig. 11, c), abdomen much darker and with a
median longitudinal dark stripe, tarsal beard present é . migrocinctus Freeman
14 Abdominal segments each with a brown ring, male hypopygium as in Text-fig. 11, e,
appendage 1 broad, 1a short, anal point broad. ; ; ‘ . memillani sp. 0.
Abdomen quite plain ? ; ; : : 15
15. Anal point narrow, styles curved (Text- fig. II, f) ; ‘ : ; flexistilus sp. n.

Anal point broader, styles straighter (Text-fig. 11, g) . ‘ . : . Zarviae sp. N.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 333

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) balteatus Freeman

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) balteatus Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte,
fasc. 83 : 36; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 380.

Thorax pale with a broad vertical brown stripe on the pleura and brownish
markings on the stripes; legs yellow with black tips to femora, tibiae and tarsal
segments, only one tibial spur ; abdomen yellow with distinctive black bands and
longitudinal markings on segments I-5 ; male hypopygium without row of dots on
anal point, appendage 2a large and with fan-like arrangement of strong setae. The
colour pattern makes this species easily determinable in both sexes.

Male. Wing length 1-75-2-0 mm.

Head yellowish brown; face mouthparts and scape dark brown; A.R. about
1-2, frontal tubercles present. Thorax with pale yellow pruinose ground colour,
scutal stripes short, fused and pale brown but darker brown at posterior end of
middle stripe and anterior ends of lateral stripes giving a cross-banded appearance ;
this cross band is continued down each pleuron and on to the sternopleuron ;_ post-
notum brown, darker at the apex. Legs yellow, apices of all femora and of tibiae
broadly black, apices of tarsal segments also dark ; L.R. 2:2, pulvilli absent, combs
well separated, only the outer one with a spur. Wzngs with macrotrichia on apical
half, Ry,; ending beyond M,,,; halteres whitish. Abdomen yellow with black
markings on segments I, 2, 3, 5, 6; segments 1-3 with a median longitudinal black
band which expands laterally to form a transverse band near the posterior margin,
margin itself pale ; there is a short longitudinal pale line placed posteriorly in each
black marking; segment 5 with a similar black marking not so well developed,
segment 6 all black. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, 6) with short anal point lacking
row of dots, appendage I more or less square, Ia rather stout, 2a large and with a
fan-like arrangement of strong setae, styles narrow.

Female with markings as in male, macrotrichia more numerous on wing membrane,
antennae with 6 segments, although the last 2 are indistinctly separated.

Holotype male in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: holotype and paratypes, Adok; other paratypes and
further material, Melut and Shambe (EF. T. M. Reid). NIGERIA: 11 gf, 1 9, Kankiya,
xli.1956-1.1957, I g, Kaduna, x.1956 and 1 g, Katsina, x.1956 (B. McMillan).
UGANDA: 46, 5 9, Jinja, ix—x.1954 (P. S. Corbet). BELGIAN CONGO: paratypes
from Parc National Albert. S. RHODESIA: I Q, Salisbury, v.1956 (E. T. M. Reid).
S. W. AFRICA: 6 4, 23 9, Kaokoveld (P. Brinck).

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) pallidulus Freeman

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) pallidulus Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23:24; Free-
man, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss de Witte, fasc. 83:35; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr.
Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 380.

Pale green with yellowish scutal stripes, frontal tubercles present, both tibial
combs spurred, macrotrichia present over most of wing surface, appendage 24
of male hypopygium short and with simple hairs ; most easily separated from other
green species by the male hypopygium. |

334 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Fic. 10. Male hypopygia of Micropsectra and Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus). (a) M. capi-
cola; (b) T. balteatus with appendage 2a drawn separately; (c) T. pallidulus ;

(a) T. atrocinctus ; (e) T. angustus ; (f) T. nocticolor ; (g) T. bifurcus ; (h) T. ato-
marius ; (i) T. pallidissimus.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 335

Male. Wing length 2-2:5 mm.

Head and mouthparts yellowish green, antennae brown, pedicel reddish yellow,
A.R. about 1-4, frontal tubercles present. Thorax pale yellowish green, scutal
stripes, postnotum, sternopleuron yellow. Legs pale, L.R. 3, tibial combs well
separated, each with a spur, that on outer comb the longer. Wangs with macro-
trichia over most of surface, bare tracts along some veins in basal half; halteres
greenish. Abdomen green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, c) with well-defined anal
point lacking row of dots, styles pointed and slightly curved ; appendage 1 fairly
broad, 1a absent, 2a short and rounded, clothed with simple hairs.

Female similar to male in colour ; antennae with 6 segments, wings more uniformly
clothed with macrotrichia.

Holotype male in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: holotype, Kirstenbosch ; 2 9, 4 9, Stellenbosch
and Tulbagh Barrage (K. M. F. Scott) ; 3 3, Ceres, ili. 1925 (R. E. Turner). TRANS-
VAAL: 4,1 9, Johannesburg, vili.1954, I g, Lydenburg, ix.1954 and 1 J, Magoe-
baskloof, iv-v.1955 (A. D. Harrison). BELGIAN ConGo: Parc National Albert.
NIGERIA: 2 g, Kankiya, xii.1956-1.1957 (B. McMillan).

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) atrocinctus Goetghebuer
Tanytarsus atrocinctus Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 490.

Yellowish, abdomen with broad dark bands on segments 2, 3, 6 and 8 which
distinguishes it from other species; wings evenly clothed with macrotrichia, male
hypopygium not unlike pallidulus but appendage 1 much bigger. A.R. only 0-6.

Male. Wing length 1-3 mm.

Head, mouthparts and pedicel yellow, flagellum brown, A.R. 0-6, frontal tubercles
probably absent. Thorax yellowish; stripes, postnotum and _ sternopleuron
reddish. Legs uniformly pale, L.R. 2:5, both combs of posterior tarsus with spurs.
Wings uniformly clothed with macrotrichia, halteres black-tipped. Abdomen with
segment I greenish yellow, 2 and 3 each with a broad brown band leaving only incisures
yellowish, 4 and 5 yellowish, 6 brown, 7 paler but brown basally, 8 brown. Hypo-
pygium (Text-fig. 10, d of holotype) not unlike pallidulus but appendage 1 much
bigger ; 1a absent, 2a rounded, anal point well formed and without dots.

Female not known.

I have seen the holotype male which is in the Musée Royal du Congo Belge,
Tervuren.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the type and paratype, BELGIAN CONGO:
Rutshuru.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) angustus Freeman

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) angustus Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte,
fasc. 83 : 35.
Greenish with yellow thorax; A.R. 1-2, frontal tubercles absent. Very similar
to pallidulus, distinguished by absence of frontal tubercles and by appendage 2a
being elongate and not short and rounded.

336 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Male. Wing length 1-8-2:0 mm.

Head yellow, antennae and mouthparts brownish; A.R. 1-2, frontal tubercles
absent. Thorax yellow, scutal stripes hardly darker. Legs yellow, L.R. 2-2,
combs separate and each with a spur. Wéngs clothed all over with macrotrichia,
halteres pale. Abdomen pale green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, e) with well-
developed anal point lacking row of dots, style pointed, appendage 1 similar to
pallidulus, 1a absent, 2a long and with simple hairs.

Female resembles male, antennae 6 segmented, 5 and 6 indistinctly separated.

Holotype male in collection of Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN Conco: holotype and paratypes Parc National Albert,
Riv. Bishakishaki and Riv. Molindi ; further series in spirit, Kivu, Luhanga, vi. 1955
(G. Marlier).

Seven males (NIGERIA: Kankiya, xii. 1956-i.1957, B. McMillan) are structurally
indistinguishable but have dark markings on the thorax, dark bands at apices of

abdominal segments and apices of femora dark ; this may represent a variety or a
distinct species.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) nocticolor Kieffer

Tanytarsus nocticolor Kieffer, 1911, Rec. Ind. Mus. 6: 171.

Frontal tubercles present, thorax yellow with brown stripes, legs unmarked,
both combs spurred, abdomen green, wings with reduced macrotrichia ; hypopygium
with appendage 1 beaked, 2a squat and with bushy hairs. The reduced macrotrichia
and presence of appendage Ia are sufficient to distinguish this species from pallidulus
and atrocinctus which are the only other species with rounded appendage 2a.

Male. Wing length 1-5 mm.

Head yellowish, frontal tubercles present, A.R. about 1. Thorax yellowish ;
stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron brown. Legs yellowish, unmarked, L.R.
2'5, both combs spurred, that on outer comb being the stronger. Wings with Ry,
ending opposite tip of M;,,, macrotrichia present only at extreme apices of cells
R, and M, and as a single row along centre of apical two-thirds of former ; halteres
pale. Abdomen green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, f) with simple anal point,
appendage I with a beak, 1a long, 2 rather short and broad, 2a short, squat and with
a brush of simple hairs.

Female similar to male though thorax may be paler, but wings with macrotrichia
at apex of fork cell, as a line in cell M, and around margin of anal cell in addition ;
antennae with 6 segments.

Holotype female is in the British Museum and can be recognized because of the
reduction of the macrotrichia and by the brown scutal stripes.

DISTRIBUTION. EGypt: holotype female, Suez Canal; 1 g, Assuan, i.1923

EE ee —————————

(S. Hirst). Supan: 14 4, 8 9, Khartoum, 1-ii.1923 (S. Hirst); 14 g, 15 9, Wad —

Medani, ii.1952 (D. J. Lewis). Brtcian Conco: 1 4, Kasenyi (Lac Albert),
xli. 1953 (J. Verbeke).

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 337

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) bifurcus sp. n.

A small yellow and green species with darker thoracic stripes; A.R. 0-6, frontal
tubercles present, wing macrotrichia reduced, tibial combs with two spurs. Easily
distinguished from nocticolor and others by the highly characteristic forked anal
point which carries two erect lobes between the arms of the fork.

Male. Wing length 1-o mm.

Head yellowish, pedicel brown, frontal tubercles present, A.R. 0-6. Thorax
yellowish, stripes and postnotum brown, scutellum with two long marginal setae
close together and a shorter one laterally. Legs whitish, L.R. 2-5, combs each with
a spur, that on outer one the longer. Wungs nearly cuneiform, R,,; ending beyond
level of apex of M;,,, macrotrichia present at apices of cells R;, M, and fork cell and
as lines down centre of each cell and along margin of anal cell; halteres white.
Abdomen green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, g) with peculiar anal point; main
body of point broad, thickened each side, emarginate at apex and appearing forked ;
between the thickened margins are two erect pointed lobes; appendage I more
or less triangular and beaked, 1a sinuous and well formed, 2a with simple hairs.
Female not known.

Holotype male and 4 ¢ paratypes FRENCH WEST AFRICA, Haute Volta: Tangrela
(Cercle de Banfora), xii.1956 (J. Hamon). Holotype and two paratypes returned
to Office de la Recherche Scientifique Outre-Mer, two paratypes in the British
Museum.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) atomarius Kieffer

Tanytarsus atomarius Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16: 72.
? Tanytarsus pallidissimus Kieffer, 1911, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 14 : 358 (in part).

A tiny green species with yellow thoracic stripes, A.R. 0-5, frontal tubercles present,
apex of R,,; opposite tip of M;,,, macrotrichia greatly reduced, combs both spurred,
hypopygium with all appendages well developed. Although Kieffer described
atomarius from a female, the small size, reduced macrotrichia, short radius and green
colour make if fairly certain that I have identified the species correctly. As explained
under pallidissimus the type series of that species is mixed, half being very similar
to but with wings slightly more hairy than typical atomarius.

Male. Wing length o-8—1-0 mm.

' Head greenish yellow, pedicel brown, A.R. 0:5, frontal tubercles present. Thorax
green with yellow stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron. Legs yellow, L.R. 2:5,
each comb of posterior tibia with a spur. Wangs narrow but not cuneiform, R,,,
ending opposite tip of M,,,, posterior fork well distal to cross-vein, macrotrichia
reduced in Transvaal specimens to a small group at extreme apex and a row along
centre of distal half of cell R; ; Seychelles material has an additional group and row
in cell M, and in fork cell. Halteres green. Abdomen green; hypopygium (Text-
fig. 10, h) with narrow and simple anal point, wide appendage I and 1a, 2 with
only 5-6 hairs at tip, 2a with simple hairs,

338 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Female. In the holotype and Seychelles specimens the thoracic markings are
yellow but in the Transvaal specimens they are brown ; antennae with 5 segments,
macrotrichia more abundant than in male, present at apices of cells R;, M, and fork
cells and as lines along the centres of these cells and around margin of anal cell.

I have seen the holotype female of atomarius which was in the Hungarian National
Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. TRANSVAAL: holotype, Pretoria; 2 g, Pongola River Settle-
ments and 1 9, Great Usutu River, near Amsterdam, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison).
SEYCHELLES : 3 3, 3 2, cotypes of pallidissimus, Mahé, probably belong here.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) pallidissimus Kieffer
Tanytarsus pallidissimus Kieffer, 1911, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool, 14 : 358.

A pale greenish insect with yellow thoracic markings ; A.R. 0:5, frontal tubercles
present, L.R. 2-8, combs with two spurs; wings fairly evenly clothed with macro-
trichia, hypopygium with 1a present, 2a with simple hairs. The type series contained
two species, the smaller of which appears to be atomarius (see above) with wings
rather more hairy than usual.

Male. Wing length 1-3-1-4 mm.

Head and antennae yellow, A.R. 0-5, frontal tubercles present. Thorax green,
stripes and postnotum yellow, scutellum with two long hairs placed close together
near the centre. Legs pale yellowish, L.R. 2:8, each comb with a spur. Wangs
with macrotrichia fairly evenly arranged over most of the surface, R,,, ending
well beyond level of tip of M,,,. Abdomen pale green; hypopygium (Text-fig.
10, 7) differs from atomarius by the narrower appendage Ia; appendage 1 with less
well developed apical beak in paratype, thus appearing nearly oval, 2 with numerous
hairs, 2a straight and with simple hairs.

Female similar to male, antennae with 6 segments.

There are ten specimens of the type series in the British Museum all from
SEYCHELLES: Mahé; six are ? atomarius, of the remaining 2 3g, 2 9, I have marked
one male as lectotype. No further material is known.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) aterrimus Freeman

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) aterrimus Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 179; Free- —

man, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 380.

A fairly large species, body of male entirely black, halteres and legs paler, female
paler with separate thoracic stripes ; frontal tubercles absent, anal point with row
of dots, appendage Ia present, 2a bent ; wing hairs moderately dense. Distinguished

from luctuosus, the only other African black species known to me, by the pale ;

halteres, pruinose hair lines and structure of male hypopygium.

Male. Wing length 2-2-5 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae very dark brown, pedicel black, A.R. 0-9, frontal
tubercles absent, Thorax entirely black, dull and with black hair, lines of bristles

une

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 339

pruinose. Legs brown, L.R. 2-0, front tarsus not bearded, combs each with a spur,
the outer spur slightly the longer. Wangs with macrotrichia in apical half, a line
in basal cell and some in middle of anal cell, most veins in apical half with bare
tracts alongside ; halteres pale or with a tinge of brown. Abdomen black; hypo-
pygium (Text-fig. 11, a) with irregular row of about Io dots on anal point, appendage
I oval and emarginate on inner margin, appendage 1a well formed, appendage 2a
elbowed at the base and with a brush of simple hairs at the apex.

Female rather browner than male, thorax with paler background and more or
less separate stripes, antennae with 5 segments the last 2 being fused ; wing hairs
denser than in male and numerous in basal half especially in the anal cell.

Holotype male in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: holotype male and type series of both sexes,
Berg River, Assegaibos, Driefontein and Tulbagh Barrage; 1 3g, 2 9, Ladismith
(P. Brinck). TRANSVAAL: 3 6, Olifantsvlei nr. Johannesburg, viii.1954 and 2 4,
I 9, Magoebaskloof, iv-v.1955 (A. D. Harrison).

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) luctuosus sp. n.

Another entirely black species, at least in the male, distinguished from aterrimus
by the slightly shining thorax which lacks pruinosity, by the black halteres and
greatly developed appendage 2a.

Male. Wing length 1-4 mm.

Head, antennae and mouthparts black, A.R. 0:8, frontal tubercles absent.
Thorax black with black bristles and slightly shining, hair lines without pruinosity.
Legs dark brown, L.R. 2:0, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, only the outer comb of
posterior tibia with a spur. Wzangs with macrotrichia arranged much as in aterrimus
halteres black. Abdomen black; hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, 6) with irregular
double row of very small dots on anal point, appendage I narrow apically in holotype
as shown, in the paratype with a small expansion near the tip, Ia absent, 2 rather
small, 2a long and curved and with long curved hairs.

Female not known.

Holotype male, CAPE PRovINCE: Platteklip Gorge, 1.1953 (K. M. F. Scott) ;
paratype I gj, TRANSVAAL: Magoebaskloof, nr. Tzaneen, v.1955 (A. D. Harrison).
Both specimens are in the British Museum.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) nigrocinctus Freeman

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) nigrocinctus Freeman, 1957, Explor. Hydrobiol. Kivu, Ed. Albert.
Bruxelles, 3 : 220.

Yellowish, thoracic stripes dark brown, abdomen with dark rings and a median
dark stripe; legs pale without distinct markings; frontal tubercles present,
anterior tarsi with a slight beard. Distinguished from other species by the generally
dark appearance, though not totally black as in males of aterrimus and Juctuosus,
as well as by details of the male hypopygium.

Male, Wing length 1-6-2:0 mm,

340 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Head yellowish, mouthparts and antennae brown, frontal tubercles well developed,
A.R. 2:0. Thorax yellowish with brown markings on the stripes, especially on the
lateral ones, on the sternopleuron and postnotum. Legs yellow, L.R. 2:5, anterior
tarsi with a scanty beard, combs well separated, each with a spur. Wings with

Fic. 11. Male hypopygia of Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus). (a) T. aterrimus ; (b) T. luc-
tuosus with appendage 2a drawn separately ; (c) T. nigrocinctus ; (d) T. spadiceo-
notatus ; (e) T. memillani; (f) T. flexistilus; (g) T. zariae; (h) T. trifidus with
appendage 2a drawn separately.

macrotrichia at apices of cells R;, M, and M, and as single rows in cells R,; and M, ;
halteres whitish. Abdomen greenish or brownish yellow with apical third of segments
2-7 black, segments 1 and 8 wholly black, 2-7 with a dark longitudinal stripe in
addition to the apical bands. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, c) with a row of about
5-6 large dots on anal point, appendage 1 narrow, 1a short, 2a fairly small and with
a brush of simple hairs at apex,

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 341

Female very similar to male ; abdomen more evenly dark but with yellow markings
showing in some specimens ; wings with macrotrichia more evenly distributed.

Holotype male in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 4 ¢, Rumbek, vi-vii.1954 (FE. T. M. Reid). NIGERIA:
1z g, Kankiya, xii.1956-i.1957 (B. McMillan). FRENCH WeEsT AFrica, Haute
Volta: 1 g, nr. Bobo Dioulasso, 1.1957 (J. Hamon). UGANDA: holotype male and
paratype, Lake Victoria. KENYA: paratypes, Kitui. BELGIAN CoNGOo: paratypes,
Lake Kivu.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) spadiceonotatus sp. n.

Green with brown thoracic and abdominal markings, A.R. 1-2, L.R. 2, both combs
with spurs, macrotrichia reduced. Easily distinguished from aterrimus and mgro-
cinctus which have a somewhat similar hypopygium, by the smaller size and
different colour.

Male. Wing length 1-5 mm.

Head yellow, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 1-2, frontal tubercles present
but small. Thorax yellowish green, postnotum, sternopleuron and stripes, especially
lateral ones, brown. Legs yellowish, apices of femora obscurely darkened,
pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, L.R. 2, each tibial comb with a spur. Wings
with a few macrotrichia at extreme apices of cells R; and M, and as a single line
half-way along former; halteres green. Abdomen yellowish green or green, each
segment with a pale brown ring on apical quarter or third, darker centrally and
sometimes appearing as a row of spots. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, d) not unlike
mgrocinctus but appendage I squarer; anal point with a well-formed row of dots,
appendage Ia very short, 2a with a brush at apex.

Female resembles male in colour and pattern, macrotrichia evenly distributed
over apical half of wing and as a row in basal cell and around margin of anal cell ;
antennae with 6 segments. .

Holotype male and 15 4, 2 2 paratypes NIGERIA: Kankiya, xil.1956-1.1957
(B. McMillan); 1 Q paratype, Bauchi Prov., Vom, iii.1957 (W. A. McDonald).
S. RHODESIA: 3 ¢ paratypes, Salisbury, iv.1956 (E. T. M. Reid).

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) mcmillani sp. n.

Pale yellow and green, scutal stripes yellowish red, abdominal segments each with
a dark band posteriorly and indications of a central median stripe ; legs pale, no
tarsal beard ; macrotrichia evenly distributed ; male hypopygium not unlike nzgro-
cinctus but dots on anal point smaller and appendage 1 broader. This species is
very similar to nigrocinctus in structure but can be distinguished by its much paler
colour, absence of tarsal beard, denser wing macrotrichia and male hypopygial
details.

Male. Wing length 1-8—2-0 mm.

Head yellow, mouthparts and antennae pale brown, A.R. 1-8, frontal tubercles
present. Thorax pale yellow with yellowish red stripes and sternopleuron, the

ENTOM, 6, ITI, 18

342 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

postnotum is brown. Legs pale, apices of femora and tibiae faintly darker, L.R.
3 or over, tarsal beard absent, each comb of posterior tibia with a well-formed spur.
Wings with moderately dense macrotrichia over most of surface, basal quarter
bare, halteres pale. Abdomen green, each segment with posterior quarter or third
dark ; on segments 2-5 this band tends to be extended forwards forming a partial
median dark line. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, ¢) not unlike mnigrocinctus; anal
point with row of about four dots but these are smaller than in nigrocinctus, appendage
I broader, 1a short, 2a rather similar in the two species.

Females taken at the same time as the males show a general resemblance but
lack the dark abdominal markings.

Holotype male and 19 male paratypes NIGERIA: Kankiya, xii.1956-i.1957
(B. McMillan) ; further paratypes, 2 g, Kaduna, x.1956 and 1 4, Zaria, xi. 1956
(B. McMillan). I am not making the females paratypes as there is some doubt
over their identity ; all specimens are in the British Museum.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) flexistilus sp. n.

Very similar to mcmillani, differing in colour only in the abdomen which lacks
dark markings and is plain green. Structurally, the two species can be separated
only by the male hypopygium which in the present species (Text-fig. 11, f) has a
narrower anal point of different appearance with the dots reduced to about 2-3,
appendage I concave inwardly, 1a longer, 2a rather larger than memuillant, styles
stout and curved. Female not known. This is possibly a well-marked colour
variation of mcmillani—see also the next species.

Holotype male and paratypes 2 3g, NIGERIA: Kankiya, xii.1956-i.1957 (B.
McMillan) in the British Museum. Further paratypes 2 3, FRENCH WEST AFRICA,
Haute Volta: Sosogona, nr. Bobo Dioulasso i.1957 (J. Hamon) returned to Office
de la Recherche Scientifique Outre-Mer.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) zariae sp. n.

This is another species resembling mcmillani in structure but differing in the plain
green abdomen; it is smaller and paler than either mcmillani or flexistilus the
anal point is more like that of the former but appendages 1 and 1a are more like
those of the latter. It may also be a variety of memillani.

Male. Wing length 1-5 mm.

Head mouthparts and antennae including pedicel yellowish white frontal tubercles
present, A.R. 1-2. Thorax yellowish white, stripes barely indicated, these and post-
notum yellowish. Legs pale greenish white, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, L.R. 3,
each comb with a spur. Wangs fairly evenly clothed with macrotrichia except for
basal quarter, halteres greenish. Abdomen pale green ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, g)
very similar to mcmillani but appendage 1 of more irregular shape, 1a longer, styles
wider.

Female not known.

Holotype male and 4 ¢ paratypes, NIGERIA: Zaria, xi.1956 (B. McMillan) ;

gg eeEeeEeEeEeEEeEeeeEeEeEeEe eee»

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 343

I gd paratype, Kankiya, x.1956 (B. McMullan). GoLp Coast: 1 ¢ paratype,
Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Crisp). All specimens are in the British Museum.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) trifidus sp. n.

Thoracic markings brown, abdomen plain green, frontal tubercles probably
absent, L.R. 3, macrotrichia dense at apex, sparser elsewhere ; most easily distin-
guished from species with somewhat similar colouring such as spadiceonotatus
by the peculiar appendage 2a which is in three branches, each bifid and pointing
anteriorly instead of posteriorly.

Male. Wing length 1-0-1-4 mm.

Head and mouthparts yellowish, antennae darker, A.R. 1, frontal tubercles cannot
be seen and are probably absent. Thorax yellowish green with stripes and post-
notum brown. Legs very pale and without markings; L.R. 3, pulvilli and tarsal
beard absent, both combs of posterior tibia with spurs. Wangs with R,,,; ending at
level of apex of M;,,, macrotrichia dense at apex, but sparser and confined to tracts
along centre of cells more basally, halteres green. Abdomen pale green or whitish,
without dark markings. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, ) with row of about four
large dots on anal point; appendage 1 subovoid, sometimes with inner margin
slightly produced, Ia sinuous, well developed, 2a quite characteristic, pointing
anteriorly and formed of three bifid branches which are sometimes folded up and
difficult to distinguish from each other.

Female not known.

Holotype male and 15 ¢ paratypes, NIGERIA: Kankiya, xil.1956-1.1957 and
I g paratype, Zaria, xi.1956 (B. McMillan) all in the British Museum. Further
paratype I gj, FRENCH WEsT Arrica, Haute Volta: Banouaradougou, nr. Bobo
Dioulasso, ix.1956 (J. Hamon) returned to Office de la Recherche Scientifique
Outre-Mer.

Tanytarsus VAN DER WULP SUBGENUS Calopsectra KIEFFER

Calopsectra Kieffer, 1909, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 26: 50.

Tanytarsus subg. Tanytarsus Group B Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 411.

Tanytarsus subg. Calopsectva Goetghebuer, 1938, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13¢) : 127;
Brundin, 1947, Arkiv Zool. 39a no. 3 : 66 (mis-spelt Calospectra),

This subgenus is separated from the others by the presence of well-developed
_ pulvilli. In the two African species and in two Palaearctic species the anal point of
the male carries a pair of reflexed appendages which are hinged either near the tip
or at the base of the anal point and lie between two narrow ridges or flaps on the
IXth tergite. JT. (C.) subreflexens Freeman is only doubtfully distinct from the
Palaearctic species richmondensis Edwards.

Key To AFRICAN SPECIES OF Tanytarsus suBG. Calopsectra

Abdomen quite unmarked, anal point of male long, its appendages hinged near its

apex (Text-figs. 12, a, b) : . subreflexens Freeman
Abdomen with dark rings or mainly dark, ‘anal point ‘short, its appeadages hinged

near its base (Text- figs. 12,d,¢) . ; , 5 an nigricornis Goetghebuer

344 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Tanytarsus (Calopsectra) subreflexens Freeman

Tanytarsus (Calopsectra) subreflexens Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte,
fasc. 83 : 37.

A yellowish green species, structurally very similar to the Palaearctic species
veflexens and richmondensis Edwards. Pulvilli present, L.R. 3, anal point of male
with reflexed appendages hinged near apex and fitting between two short ridges
or flaps on the IXth tegite quite as in vichmondensis. Separable from the following

a

Fic.12. Male hypopygia of Tanytarsus (Calopsectva). (a)-(c) C. subreflexens. (a) In
dorsal aspect ; (b) anal point in lateral aspect; (c) appendage 2a in lateral aspect ;
(d)-(e) T. nigricornis. (d) In dorsal aspect ; (e) anal point in lateral aspect.

species by the pale colour and longer anal point. Whether this species is really —
distinct from vichmondensis is open to some doubt, but as it is so pale, the leg ratio —
is greater and a name is available I have preferred to maintain the separation.

Male. Wing length 1-5-—2:5 mm.

Head yellowish, in some specimens slightly brownish, mouthparts and antennae
may also be brown, frontal tubercles present, A.R. 1:3. Thorax yellow, scutal —
stripes hardly darker. Legs yellow, pulvilli present, L.R. 3, posterior tibial combs
with two spurs, outer one long, inner one short. Wzngs covered all over with macro- —
trichia, halteres yellow. Abdomen pale green; hypopygium (Text-figs. 12, ac)
indistinguishable from vichmondensis ; anal point long and with a pair of reflexed

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 345

appendages hinged nears its apex and fitting between a pair of short flaps between
which are some short hairs ; appendage 1 rectangular in outline and hairy, sometimes
slightly produced at the outer apex, 1a hardly longer; 2a broad and with broad
curved tooth-like hairs along margin, appendage is usually seen edge-on in dorsal
view ; styles slightly sinuous at apex.

Female resembles male in colour, antennae with last 2 segments indistinctly
separated.

Holotype male in Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN CONGO: type series from Lac Magera, Kamande,
Vitshumbi (Parc Nat. Albert). NIGERIA: 13 g, Kankiya, xii.1956-i1.1957 (B.
McMillan). GoLtp Coast: I 3g, I 9, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Cvisp). ABYSSINIA:
Ig, 1 9, Waldia, 11.1936 (J. W. S. Macfie).

Tanytarsus (Calopsectra) nigricornis Goetghebuer
Tanytarsus nigricornis Goetghebuer, 1935, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 26 : 398.

This is normally a darker species than subreflexens, and usually has brown thoracic
markings and abdominal bands but pale specimens do occur; L.R. 2:5, frontal
tubercles present ; male hypopygium with short anal point, reflexed appendages
shorter than in migricorms and hinged nearer the base of the anal point, lobes between
which they lie are longer. I have seen Goetghebuer’s type and found it to be very
pale but the male hypopygium is identical with that described here.

Male. Wing length 1-5-2-0 mm.

Head green, antennae and mouthparts brown or blackish, A.R. 1°75, frontal
tubercles present. Thorax pale green; stripes, postnotum and _ sternopleuron
usually brown or blackish, reddish in pale specimens. Legs brown, pulvilli present,
_ L.R. 2-5, spurs as in subreflexens. Wings with macrotrichia over most of the surface,
halteres green. Abdomen in most specimens green with dark markings ; the apical
half of each segment is usually brown but the brown colour may encroach on the
green in the central line, even joining up with the dark on the segment in front, so
that the green is reduced to lateral patches on each segment ; occasional specimens,
including the holotype, have the abdomen entirely green. Hypopygium (Text-figs.
12, d, e) with shorter and more bent anal point than subreflexens, reflexed appendages
hinged near the base of the point, flaps between which they lie are longer in this
species and whole side aspect different ; appendage 1 with definite beak, though of
_ variable shape, 1a of variable length, 2a as in migricornis, style not sinuous at apex.

Female similar to male, abdominal bands present but less obvious, antennae with
segments 5 and 6 indistinctly separated.

Holotype male in Musée Royal du Congo Belge.

DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN Conco: holotype male, Kamande. ABYSSINIA: I 4,
22, Waldia, xii.1935 (J. W.S. Macfie). YEMEN: 5, San’a, xi.1937 (C. Rathjens).
UGANDA: II, ¢ 3 Q, L. Victoria, vi.1950 (W. W. Macdonald). S. RHODESIA:
8 3, Salisbury, v.1956 (E. T. M. Reid). TRANSVAAL: 33 d, 15 Q, Olifantsvlei
nr. Johannesburg, ii-ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison) ; 6 3, Lydenburg District, Waterval,

346 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

iv—-v.1955 (A. D. Harrison). NATAL: 21 3, 1 2, Mooi River, 1 3, 1 9, Tugela River,
I 9, Bushman’s River, ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison); 2 3g, 1 9, Weenen, Vili. 1924
(H. P. Thomasset).

Tanytarsus VAN DER WULP SuBGENUS Rheotanytarsus BAUsE

Rheotanytarsus Bause, 1914, Aych. Hydrobiol. Planktonk., Suppl. 2 (1) : 120.

Tanytarsus subg. Tanytarsus Group C Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 413.

Tanytarsus subg. Rheotanytarsus Goetghebuer, 1938, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 132;
Brundin, 1947, Arkiv Zool. 39A no. 3: 76.

This subgenus is mainly to be separated from the others by the sharp narrowing
of the apex, sometimes of the apical third, of the male styles, although occasionally
it is less marked than usual. In addition pulvilli and frontal tubercles are absent
and Rp», is obliterated by the close approximation of R, and R,,;. The larvae of
the European species T. photophilus Goetghebuer make tube-like cases and Dr.
K. M. F. Scott tells me im litt. that T. fuscus makes similar cases in South Africa.

Key TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Tanytarsus SUBGENUS Rheotanytarsus

General colour pale yellowish green, A.R. 1, L.R. nearly 3, male styles (Text-fig. 13, a)
sharply contracted for apical third and bent downwards at tips. . guineensis Kieffer
General colour of most specimens brown, A.R. 0:6, L.R. hardly 2, male styles (Text-
fig. 13, 6) much less sharply contracted and not for as much as apical third, nor
bent down at tips , : ‘ ‘ 4 ; ' ‘ . fuscus Freeman

Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) guineensis Kieffer
Rheotanytarsus guineensis Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16 : 73.

Yellowish green, thoracic stripes reddish; A.R. about 1, L.R. nearly 3, male
styles strongly contracted for apical third and bent downwards at tips. Distinguished
from T. fuscus as shown in the key.

Male. Wing length 1-8 mm.

Head, antennae and mouthparts yellow, A.R. about 1, frontal tubercles absent.
Thorax yellowish green, stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron reddish. Legs
yellowish, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, L.R. 2:75. Wings with reduced anal
lobe, fairly densely clothed all over with macrotrichia except on the basal quarter.
Abdomen uniformly pale green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 13, a) with anal point of
variable length, sometimes a little longer than figured, appendage 1 more or less
oval, very similar to fuscus, appendage 1a absent, 2 rather clubbed, 2a hairy and with
oval lamellae at the apex; styles highly characteristic, the narrow portion being
long and bent downwards at the apex.

Female similar to the male, antennae with 6 segments.

The type series is lost, but the figure of the male hypopygium given by Kieffer
makes identification certain. Type locality GUINEE FRANGAIS: Mamon.

DISTRIBUTION. UGANDA: 2 g, 1 9, L. Victoria (W. W. Macdonald). BELGIAN
Conco: 1 4, Rutshuru, i.1934 (de Wulf) ; 2 3, Elisabethville, xii. 1938 (H. J. Brédo).

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 347

Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) fuscus Freeman

Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) fuscus Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 25; Freeman,

1955, 9. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 381.

Usually a brown species, although some specimens from S. Rhodesia are coloured
like guineensis (see below), wings densely hairy; A.R. 0-6, L.R. hardly 2, male
styles slightly contracted at apex, anal point well formed but narrower than in
guineensis. Distinguished from guineensis by its normally darker colour, lower
A.R. and L.R. and by the much shorter apical narrow portion of the styles which is
sometimes hardly apparent.

a

Fic. 13. Male hypopygia of Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus). (a) T. guineensis with
appendage 2a shown separately ; (b) T. fuscus with appendage 2a omitted.

Male. Wing length 1-5-2:0 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown; A.R. 0-6, frontal tubercles absent.
Thorax brown or yellowish brown; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron darker
brown. Legs brown, L.R. 2 or slightly less, no tarsal beard. Wings with reduced
anal lobe, thickly clothed over most of the surface with macrotrichia, halteres pale.
Abdomen brown; hypopygium (Text-fig. 13, 6) with well-developed anal point
which is narrower than in guineensis ; appendage 1 not dissimilar, 1a absent, 2a
similar ; styles of most specimens contracted at apex as shown, but not turned down
at tips, sometimes with the contraction less obvious.

Female similar to male, abdomen may be tinged with green, antennae with 6
segments.

Holotype male in the British Museum, type locality CAPE PROVINCE: Berg
River, Wellington.

348 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: type series and other specimens from Berg
River at Wellington, Piquetberg and French Hoek, also from Wemmer River and
Palmiet River. NATAL: 5 g, I 9, Shooter’s Hill, vii.1956 (B. Stuckenberg).
UcanpDA: 1 g, Mt. Elgon, Bulambuli, 9,500 ft., viii.1934 (J. Ford). ABYSSINIA:
I 3, 6 9, Waldia, i.1936 (J. W. S. Macfie). A series from RHODESIA (3 3, 2 9,
Salisbury, v.1956, E. T. M. Reid) is coloured green with yellowish-red thoracic
markings as in guineensis. Structurally, they are similar to other specimens of
fuscus and I am treating them as a colour variety.

Tanytarsus VAN DER WULP SUBGENUS Cladotanytarsus KIEFFER

Cladotanytarsus Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. Mém. 42: 100; Brundin, 1947, Arkiv Zool.
39A no. 3: 78.

Tanytarsus subg. Tanytarsus Group F Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 418.

Tanytarsus subg. Cladotanytarsus Goetghebuer, 1938, in Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 133.

Very similar to Tanytarsus s. str., separated by the presence of branched hairs on
appendage 2a of the male hypopygium ; pulvilli absent, male styles short and not
contracted at the tips. The five African species belonging to this group that I have
been able to recognize, are not all easy to separate because there seems to be a good
deal of intergrading. Although a large dark male of capensis at first sight appears
very different from a small pale specimen of reductus, there are so many intergrading
forms and varieties that the definition of each species becomes blurred.

T. fulvofasciatus Kieffer belongs here but it cannot be definitely assigned to any
one species because the colour and pattern fit /ewisi, whilst the male genital structure
agrees better with pseudomancus.

KEY TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Tanytarsus SUBGENUS Cladotanytarsus

1. Anterior tarsi of male with long beard, a large dark species (wing length 1-7—2-3 mm.)
capensis Freeman
Tarsal beard absent ‘ : ; ‘ . ? ‘ ; , : ‘ 2
2. Abdomen with dark markings . : ; ; : ‘ ; : ‘ : 3
Abdomen plain and unmarked .
3. Thoracic markings dark brown or blackish, appendage I ‘smaller, 2a 1 less ‘bushy
(Text-fig. 14, a) . . pseudomancus Goetghebuer
Thoracic markings reddish, appendage I larger, 2a bushy (Text-fig. 14, c)
lewist Freeman
4. Wing of male with macrotrichia on fork and anal veins, thoracic markings black,

appendage 1 large (Text-fig. 14, e) . ‘ ‘ . linearis Freeman
Wing veins of male lacking these macrotrichia, thoracic markings reddish or brown,
appendage 1 small (Text-fig. 14, d) ‘ ‘ . é ‘ . veductus Freeman

Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) pseudomancus Goetghebuer

Tanytarsus pseudomancus Goetghebuer, 1934, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 25 : 200.
Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) pseudomancus Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de
Witte, fasc. 83: 38; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 381.
Thoracic stripes dark brown, wings with macrotrichia at apex, L.R. 2-5, abdomen
whitish or pale green, each segment with a dark apical band, also darker along

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 349

median line, anal point fairly broad and with numerous dots, appendage Ia sinuous.
Apart from a dark form found in the Cape, this species can be distinguished from
the others by the colour pattern of the abdomen ; the shapes of appendages 1 and
ta are also distinctive.

The hypopygial structure is similar to that figured by Kieffer for Cladotanytarsus
fulvofasciatus which also has dark rings on the abdomen, but the pale colour of the
thorax of Kieffer’s species is not like any that I have seen and I prefer not
to synonymize the two, especially as Kieffer omitted the anal point in his figure.

Male. Wing length 1-3-1-5 mm.

Head and mouthparts brown, pedicel dark brown, A.R. 1-2, frontal tubercles not
visible. Thorax with yellowish background ; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron
dark brown or blackish. Legs unmarked, yellowish or brown, L.R. about 2:5
or slightly less, tarsal beard absent, pulvilli absent, posterior tibia with a spur
on each comb. Wings with macrotrichia reduced to a small number at extreme
apices of cells R; and M, and a short row down the centre of the apical half or less
of cell R;, veins of posterior fork and anal vein without macrotrichia. Halteres
pale. Abdomen usually whitish or pale green or yellowish, segments 1-6 with an
apical dark ring; abdomen also with an ill-defined central dark line, dividing
pale area of each segment. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, a) with broad anal point
marked with as many as 20 dots, appendage I narrow but well formed, 1a long and
sinuous, 2a showing a good deal of subdivision but not as bushy as in lewist.

Female. Such specimens as I have seen, have the macrotrichia more numerous
in apical half of wing and around anal cell; all veins hairy, abdomen dark.

I have seen the type series of males in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren.

DISTRIBUTION. EcGypt: 7 g, Darfur, El Fasher, iv.1920 (H. Lynes); 3 2,
Aswan, i.1923 (S. Hirst). Supan: 15 g, Khartoum, i.1931 (H. W. Bedford) ;
18 g, Wad Medani, 11.1952 (D. J. Lewis). NIGERIA: 9 3, Kankiya, xii.1956—
i.1957 (B. McMillan). GoLtp Coast: 1 4, nr. Kumasi, x.1952 (J. Bowden).
BELGIAN CONGO: type series and other specimens, Kivu; long series from Parc
National Albert. TRANSVAAL: 3 4, Marble Hall, iv-v.1955 (A. D. Harrison).
CAPE PROVINCE: I 4, Berg River, Piquetberg, i.1953 (K. M. F. Scott). Some
specimens from CAPE PROVINCE: Kirstenbosch, are structually very similar but have
the abdomen much darker and the wings more hairy. They may suggest a link
with capensis.

Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) capensis Freeman
Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) capensis Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond (B) 23: 24.

This species is very similar to pseudomancus and may only be a dark variety of it.
It is larger, with wing length 1-75-2-3 mm., and the colouring is darker, the abdomen
being mainly very dark brown or blackish, although if a male is examined from
behind the pale areas present on the abdomen of psewdomancus can just be distin-
guished. It is most easily distinguished by the well-developed long beard on the
front tarsi of the male. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, 6) quite similar to pseudomancus

350 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

but the anal point is narrower, appendage I more strongly waisted and 1a less
sinuous.

Holotype male in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from CAPE PROVINCE: holotype and paratypes,
Zeekoe Vlei; paratypes, Bergvliet and Piquetberg.

Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) lewisi Freeman

Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) lewisi Freeman, 1950, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 19: 58; Lewis,
1957, Bull. ent. Res. 48 : 155-184.

A pale green species, thoracic markings reddish, abdomen with dark bands,
frontal tubercles present in the male, anal point narrow, appendage 1 large, Ia
bent at apex, 2a large and bushy. The larger appendage 1 and the more bushy
appendage 2a make this species comparatively easy to determine, they also suggest
that this is not the species which Kieffer described as fulvofasciatus even though the
colouring is similar.

Male. Wing length 1-5-1-75 mm.

Head yellowish green, frontal tubercles small but distinct, A.R. about 1. Thorax
pale yellowish green, mesonotal stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron reddish.
Legs pale green, tibiae may be darkened at apices, tarsal beard and pulvilli absent,
combs of posterior tibia each with a spur, L.R. 2:25. Wangs with macrotrichia on
membrane at extreme apex, mostly in cell R;, fork veins and anal vein bare ; halteres
pale. Abdomen green, each segment dark at apex giving a ringed appearance ;
hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, c) differs from other species by the larger appendage 1
and the more bushy and stouter 2a ; 1a is bent at apex, anal point narrow and with
a few dots basally, IXth tergite with a prominent central ridge which is indicated
by two parallel lines in the figure.

Female differs from male in colour by the abdominal rings being dark green; —
wings with a few extra macrotrichia as lines down the centres of the cells, fork
veins bare.

Holotype male in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from SupAN: Khartoum (type locality), Wad
Medani and Wadi Halfa.

‘Lewis (1957) records this species as a great nuisance and as causing a form of
asthma in Khartoum where it is extremely abundant ; he gives some account of the
biology and life history in the same paper.

Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) reductus Freeman
Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) rveductus Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23 : 180.

A small green species with reddish or brown thoracic markings and plain abdomen ;
macrotrichia reduced but present for about half length of vein M,, tarsal beard
absent ; hypopygium with narrow anal point, small appendage 1 and straight Ia.

Male. Wing length 1-25-1-5 mm.

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 351

Head, mouthparts and antennae yellow or brown, small frontal tubercles visible
in some specimens, A.R. about 0-75. Thorax yellow; stripes, postnotum and
sternopleuron either reddish yellow or brown. Legs yellow or greenish, L.R. 2:4,

Fic. 14. Male hypopygia of Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus). (a) T. pseudomancus
with appendage 2a drawn separately; (b) T. capensis with appendage 2a drawn

separately ; (c) T. lewisi with appendage 2a drawn separately; (d) T. veductus ;
(e) T. linearis.

beard and pulvilli absent, both combs of posterior tibia spurred. Wungs with
posterior fork rather more distal than usual, macrotrichia present at extreme apices
of cells R; and M, and as lines down the centre of one or both cells, vein M, with
macrotrichia for about half its length ; halteres pale. Abdomen green and without

352 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

darker markings ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, d) with narrow anal point with about
six dots at its base; appendage I small and reduced, 1a long by comparison and
straight, 2a with fewer hairs than in some species.

Female resembles male but wings more hairy ; macrotrichia reach back nearly to
base of cell R;, there is a short line in cell M,, posterior fork is bordered anteriorly,
there is a small patch in fork cell ; veins M,, Cu and An with macrotrichia.

Holotype male in the British Museum, type locality CAPE PROVINCE: Berg
River, Piquetberg.

DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: series from Berg River, Piquetberg, Hermon,
Cecilia’s Drift, Wellington. BELGIAN ConGo: 2 3, Kiavinionge (N. lac Ed.),
ili.1953 (J. Verbeke); 1 3, Kasenyi (L. Albert), vii.1953 (J. Verbeke). SUDAN:
3 6, Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). FRENCH WeEsT AFRICA: I 4, Haute
Volta, nr. Banfora, xii. 1956 (J. Hamon).

Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) linearis Freeman
Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) linearis Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 180.

A small dark green species, stripes black, abdomen unmarked, wings with rather
more macrotrichia than usual in the male, they are also present on fork and anal
veins ; hypopygium differs from other species by the wide triangular anal point
and broad appendage 1 which has 1a hardly longer.

Male. Wing length 1-2 mm.

Head, antennae and mouthparts black, A.R. 0-75. Thorax with dark green
background ; stripes black and more or less separate, postnotum and sternopleuron
black. Legs pale brown, L.R. about 1-8, tarsal beard absent. Wangs with macro-
trichia present as patches at apices of cells R;, M, and M, and as lines in centres of
cells R; (to the base) and M, (for half length of vein M,), along each side of posterior
fork veins nearly to wing base and as a line along An; in addition there is a line
of macrotrichia just inside the posterior margin ; posterior fringe rather long, veins M,
Cu and An with macrotrichia. Halteres pale. Abdomen dark green; hypopygium
(Text-fig. 14, ¢) with anal point broad and triangular, appendage 1 fairly broad,
1a hardly longer, 2a with long sparse hairs.

Female not known.

Holotype male and paratypes in the British Museum (type locality CAPE PROVINCE:
Platteklip Gorge), no further material is known.

Genus STEMPELLINA Bause

Stempellina Bause, 1914, Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 2: 120; Goetghebuer, 1938, in Lindner, Flieg.
Pal. Reg. 3 (13¢) : 96.
Tanytarsus subg. Stempellina Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 419.

Eyes bare, male antenna with only 11 distinct segments, small frontal tubercles
present, scutellum with only two long bristles which are placed close together at the
apex, tibial combs small and separate, only one armed with a slender spur, wings

——s ———

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 353

cuneiform and lacking anal angle, fringe long, R,,; ending before or above tip of
Maya:

The species in this genus are all small or very small, the Palaearctic ones have
larvae with a case-bearing habit similar to that of Zavrelia. The adults may
easily be distinguished from Zavrelia by the bare eyes ; they are best separated from
Tanytarsus by the wing shape and venation.

KrEy TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Stempellina

L.R. 2:4-2°8, appendage 2a of male long and narrow (Text-fig. 15, a)
chambiensis Goetghebuer
L.R. 1-5, appendage 2a of male shorter and truncate (Text-fig. 15, 6). truncata sp. n.

Stempellina chambiensis Goetghebuer
Thienemanniella (sic !) chambiensis Goetghebuer, 1935, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 27 : 365.

As explained in a previous Part of these Studies (Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)
4: 365), I have examined the type series of both Thienemanniella chambiensis and
trivittata Goetghebuer in Musée Royal du Congo Belge. There are six specimens,
three under each species, each specimen bearing an author’s identification label.
Goetghebuer does not mention the female of chambiensis but the specimen marked
holotype is in fact a female and the allotype is a male. The third specimen under
this species is a female of Thienemanniella trivittata. There is a third specimen of
chambtensis (a male) labelled as the holotype of ¢vivittata, a species in which the
holotype should be a female.

It is obvious that there has been a good deal of muddle over the labelling of the
specimens and I have decided that the three specimens of chambiensis are best
treated as cotypes especially as no holotype is mentioned in the description. I have
selected a male from Mugunga as the lectotype.

Goetghebuer’s description and figure of the wing of chambiensis, with its longer
costa and macrotrichia on the membrane, make it clear that the species does not
belong to Thienemanniella. It is abundantly clear from the specimens (L.R. 2-4)
that they do not even belong to the Corynoneurinae but to the Chironominae. The
species is a typical member of the genus Stempellina, falling into Edwards’ group
B, very similar structurally to the Palaearctic species S. minor Edwards but easily
separated by the pale coloration, much smaller size (wing length 0-7 against 1-3)
and greater leg ratio (2-4 or more against 1-6). It is a minute insect with dark
knees, narrow wings, long wing-fringe and bare eyes; L.R. 2-4-2-8, A.R. only about
0°5.

Male. Wing length 0-7 mm.

Head pale, very small frontal tubercles present, eyes bare, dorsal narrow portion
hardly developed so that eyes almost reniform ; antennae with 11 segments, segments
quite short at base but progressively increasing until tenth is three times as long as
wide ; eleventh segment three times length of tenth, A.R. 0:5. Thorax greenish
white, mesonotal stripes separate ; stripes, sternopleuron and postnotum brownish
yellow ; so far as can be seen scutellum with two bristles only. Legs pale, apices

354 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

of femora and knees darkened, tibial combs small, well separated, only one spur
present which is long and curved ; L.R. 2-4-2-8, pulvilli absent. Wings cuneiform
and with long hair fringe ; costa retracted, so that it is just basal to level of tip
of M;,,, macrotrichia present at apex and as hair lines in cells R; and M,. Halteres
dark. Abdomen brown; hypopygium (Text-fig. 15, a) very similar to S. minor
Edwards ; anal point well developed, styles short, appendage I either as shown or
rather more oval, 1a absent, 2a long, narrow and with simple hairs.

Female very like the male; macrotrichia more numerous and hair lines extend
nearer the wing base.

Lectotype male, BELGIAN Conco: Parc National Albert, Cratére Mugunga,
in Musée Royal du Congo Belge.

DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN ConGo: lectotype and paratype, Cratére Mugunga ;
I 9, paratype, Escarpement Kabasha, Chambi, x.1933. SUDAN: 1 g, Amadi,
vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). TRANSVAAL: I g, nr. Nelspruit, ix.1954 (A. D.
Harrison).

Fic. 15. Male hypopygia of Stempellina and Zavrelia. (a) S. chambiensis ;
(b) S. truncata ; (c) Z. kribiensis.

Stempellina truncata sp. n.

Darker than chambiensis and with higher antennal ratio and lower leg ratio,
otherwise very similar in appearance; male hypopygium quite different, anal
point with row of dots, appendage I curved and larger, appendage 2a short and
blunt.

Male. Wing length I-0 mm.

Head brown, small frontal tubercles present, eyes bare and practically reniform,
antennae brown, with 11 segments, A.R. nearly 1. Thorax brown, paler on the
shoulders ; lines of bristles and prescutellar area pruinose. Legs brown, L.R. 1°5,
pulvilli absent, Wzngs cuneiform and with long fringe, macrotrichia present at

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 355

apex, on veins and as lines around margin of anal cell and along centres of cells
R, and M, almost to their bases; R,,, ending just basal to level of apex of Mg,,.
Halteres brown. Abdomen dark brown; hypopygium (Text-fig. 15, 0) differing
from chambiensis in the presence of a row of dots on the anal point and in the shorter,
truncate appendage 2a ; styles stout, appendage 1 broad and curved.

Female very similar to male, wings not more heavily covered with macrotrichia.

Holotype male and 1 J, 1 9 paratypes CAPE PROVINCE: Berg River, Driefontein,
xii.1954 (K. M. F. Scott). Further paratypes—NATAL: I 4, 2 9, Tugela River,
Drakensburg, 5,000 ft., ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison). All specimens are in the British
Museum.

Genus ZAVRELIA Kieffer

Zavrelia Kieffer, 1914, in Bause, Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 2: 73 ; Goetghbuer, 1938, im Lindner,
Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 95.
Tanytarsus subg. Zavrelia Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 419.

Eyes pubescent, male antenna with 11 segments, female antenna with 5 or 6
segments, small frontal tubercles present, scutellum with several marginal bristles,
combs of tibiae small and separate, both with long slender spurs in the single African
species, pulvilli absent, wings cuneiform, R,,, ending distinctly before level of tip
of M3,4.

The single African species falling into this genus differs from the Palaearctic
species by the presence of a slender spur on each tibial comb, by the peculiar appear-
ance of the male hypopygium and by the much broader wings. However, the
pubescent eyes and short radius cause it to fall very easily into Zavrelia where I
ami leaving it for the present. Discovery of the larva will show whether it resembles
the Palaearctic species in the case-bearing larval habit.

Zavrelia kribiensis Kieffer
Zavrelia kribiensis Kieffer, 1923, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 92 : 167.

A minute brown insect with greenish abdomen, wings thickly clothed all over with
macrotrichia ; easily separated from other species of the Tribe by the pubescent
eyes and by the reduced and narrow male styles. Although I have not seen the
type which is probably lost, the thickly clothed wings and presence of two tibial
spurs suggest that the Cape specimens are of the same species as Kieffer’s.

Male. Wing length 0-9 mm.

Head yellowish brown, antennae with 11 segments, A.R. about 0-5, eyes strongly
pubescent, small frontal tubercles present. Thorax yellowish with brown stripes and
postnotum ; dorso-central and acrostichal bristles long, scutellum with four long
bristles. Legs pale yellowish brown, L.R. 1-8, pulvilli absent, tibial combs small
and well separated, each with a long thin spur. Wzngs cuneiform, thickly clothed
all over with macrotrichia ; R,,, ending well before level of apex of M;,,, halteres
with dark tips. Abdomen either pale green or else with slightly darker bands at the
incisures ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 15, c) highly characteristic and quite unlike the

356 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA

Palaearctic species nigritulus Goetghebuer; anal point stout, coxite rounded,
appendage I greatly exaggerated, 1a absent, 2 sinuous, 2a bent and expanded at
apex, especially in side view ; styles finger-like and with three long hairs at apex.
Female similar to male in colour and wing structure, antennae with 6 segments,
the last 2 subequal.
The holotype female is probably lost, type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi.
DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: I 4, Berg River, Driefontein, xii.1954 and
I g, 1 9, French Hoek Forest Reserve, iii.1955 (K. M. F. Scott).

UNRECOGNIZED SPECIES AND GENERA OF TANYTARSINI
DESCRIBED BY KIEFFER

Tanytarsus africanus, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1:26. Based
on a pale male and female from KENYA: Taveta. Only a female remains in spirit
in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; it was separated by Kieffer
from other species by the moniliform antennal segments and fusion of segments
5 and 6. |

T. misorus, 1913, tbid.: 26. Based on a pale female with dark knees from KENYA :
Ramisi ; type not marked in the Paris Museum, but it is not impossible for it to be
an earlier description of Stempellina chambiensis.

T. tropicalis, 1913, tbid.: 27. Described from a yellow female from KENYA:
Taveta ; again separated from others by details of antennae, in absence of males
cannot be associated with known species.

T. brachyopsis, 1913, tbid.: 27. The female type, which is in the Paris Museum,
is pale with dark thoracic markings, type locality KENyA: Kijabe. Kieffer separated
it from the others by the last antennal segment being twice as long as the preceding
and by the wings being covered all over with macrotrichia.

T. apicalis, 1913, tbid.: 28, was described from females, now in Paris Museum
(KENYA: Taveta), which are yellow with brown thoracic markings, similar to
brachyopsis, but separated from that species by the wing macrotrichia being
confined to the apex.

Knibtobius Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90:31. This genus was erected
to include a female now lost, with bare wings, two tibial spurs and 6-segmented
antennae, the last segment being swollen basally and carrying a verticil. From the —
leg proportions it seems possible that this was a species of Tanytarsus even though
he mentions that the cross-vein was oblique and the membrane bare. However,
species of Tanytarsus in spirit often have wings appearing bare and Kieffer was quite
unreliable in his use of the term “‘ oblique’’ for the cross-vein, I am, therefore, —
tentatively placing Kribiobius as an unknown genus of the Tanytarsini. |

K. modestus, 1923, ibid. 92: 165; yellowish with thoracic markings sandy,
length 2 mm., type female lost, locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi.

Clinotanytarsus, 1921, ibid. 90: 34. This genus has no real points of difference
from Tanytarsus except that the cross-vein is described as oblique. Following ©
Edwards (1929), I am assuming it to be a probable synonym. |

C, nilicola, 1923, ibid, 92: 169 is the type species of the genus ; it is large, 3-3-2 —

A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 357

mm. long, the abdomen has brown incisures but the thoracic markings are pale ;
no figure is given of the male hypopygium and I have not found it possible to identify
the species from the material at my disposal. Type series lost, locality SUDAN:
S. of Khartoum.

Hexatanytarsus, 1921, ibid. 90: 34 is separated from Clinotanytarsus by the 6-
segmented female antennae, very short empodium and single tibial spur. It is
probably a synonym of Tanytarsus.

H. albivadix, 1923, bid. 92: 170 was described from a whitish female with black-
brown thoracic markings ; the wings were sparsely hairy in the distal part, posterior
fork strongly distal to cross-vein ; type lost, locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi.

Paratanytarsus Bause was used by Kieffer, 1923, 2b1d. 92: 171 for seven species
of which all the types are lost. Six were known in the female only and no figure
was given of the male hypopygium of that of which the male was known (hirtipes).
P. hirtipes and niloticus were from SUDAN : Shambe ; longiceps, kribiensis, brevitilna,
brevicornis and sessilis were from FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi. As with other species,
he separated them on details of antennal and leg structure and also on mesonotal
colour: I have not been able satisfactorily to recognize any of them.

Tanytarsus nilobius, 1923, tbhid. 92: 176 was described from a yellowish female
from SuDAN: Mongola; antennae with 5 segments, wings covered with macro-
trichia, posterior fork well distal to cross-vein. It is not possible to recognize this
species.

ENTOM, 6, II. . 19

358

INDEX

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES IN STUDIES OF AFRICAN
CHIRONOMIDAE, PARTS I-IV

The Roman numeral refers to the Part and the Arabic to the page within that Part ;
synonyms are in italics.

Ablabesmyia, I, 20 and 35
abyssiniae, Polypedilum, IV, 279
aculeatus, Chironomus, III, 393
aculeatus, Chironomus, III, 386
acuminatus, Chironomus, III, 344
acutistilus, Chironomus, III, 352
acutus, Chironomus, III, 397
aegyptium, Polypedilum, IV, 281
aegyptius, Chironomus, III, 394
aequatoris, Chironomus, III, 367
africana, Thalassomyia, I, 66
africanus, Cardiocladius, II, 321
africanus, Chironomus, III, 339
africanus, Clunio, I, 65
africanus, Coelotanypus, I, 51
africanus, Tanytarsus, IV, 356
aivense, Polypedilum, IV, 281
Ahkiefferiella, 11, 338

albiclava, Trichocladius, II, 316
albicoxa, Stenochironomus, III, 414
albida, Polypedilum, IV, 299
albiforceps, Chironomus, III, 402

albipes, Stictochironomus, IV, 307 and 308

albiradix, Tanytarsus, IV, 357
albitalus, Procladius, I, 58

albitarse, Chironomus, III, 378
albitibia, Cricotopus, II, 306
alboguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 287
albomarginatus, Chironomus, III, 341
albosignatum, Polypedilum, IV, 286
albus, Microtendipes, IV, 314
allansoni, Polypedilum, IV, 283
Allocladius, II, 346

alluaudi, Chironomus, III, 337
alpinus, Orthocladius, II, 336
alticola, Polypedilum, IV, 272
alticola, Polypedilum, IV, 304

anale, Polypedilum, IV, 303

analis, Thienemanniella, II, 365
Anatopynia, I, 44

angustistilus, Nanocladius, II, 341
angustus, Cricotopus, II, 312
angustus, Tanytarsus, IV, 335
annulaticrus, Microtendipes, IV, 316
annulatipes, Polypedilum, IV, 277
annulator, Pentaneura, I, 22 and II, 288
annulatum, Polypedilum, IV, 295
antennalis, Stenochironomus, III, 412
antennata, Thienemanniella, II, 367
anuke, Stictochironomus, IV, 307
apicalis, Chironomus, III, 341
apicalis, Procladius, I, 58

apicalis, Tanytarsus, IV, 356

appendiculata, Ablabesmyia, I, 40
apricus, Chironomus, III, 339
armatifrons, Polypedilum, IV, 288
ater, Chironomus, IV, 400
aterrimus, Tanytarsus, IV, 338
atomarius, Tanytarsus, IV, 337
atra, Smittia, III, 348

atriclava, Cricotopus, II, 305
atrocinctus, Tanytarsus, IV, 335
atroconus, Stenochironomus, III, 415
atrofasciatus, Chironomus, III, 404
aurantiacus, Pentaneura, I, 33
avicula, Chironomus, III, 353

Baeotendipes, III, 349

baeus, Chironomus, III, 406
balteatus, Tanytarsus, IV, 333
Belgica, I, 64

bellus, Chironomus, III, 335

benoiti, Metriocnemus, II, 302
bergensis, Cricotopus, II, 312
bergensis, Orthocladius, II, 331
bicinctum, Microtendipes, IV, 316
bicinctus, Pentaneura, I, 40
biclavatus, Chironomus, III, 348
biclavatus, Chironomus, III, 399
bifalcatum, Polypedilum, IV, 291
bifasciatus, Microtendipes, IV, 316
bifurcus, Tanytarsus, IV, 337
biloba, Nanocladius, II, 343
binotatus, Chironomus, III, 367
bipunctatus, Stenochironomus, III, 412
bipustulatum, Polypedilum, IV, 298
bipustulatus, Stenochironomus, III, 412
bisignatus, Stictochironomus, IV, 309
bizonatus, Cricotopus, II, 306
Boreochlus, I, 19

brachyopsis, Tanytarsus, IV, 356
bredoi, Chironomus, III, 369
brevibucca, Chironomus, III, 375
brevicornis, Chironomus, III, 351
brevicornis, Chironomus, III, 405
brevicornis, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357
brevimanus, Chironomus, III, 351
brevipalpis, Chironomus, III, 376
brevipalpis, Tanypus, I, 49
brevipecten, Polypedilum, IV, 285
brevipetiolatus, Procladius, I, 56
brevis, Limnophyes, II, 344
brevistilum, Polypedilum, IV, 273
brevitarsis, Nanocladius, II, 342
brevitibia, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357
brincki, Chaetocladius, II, 330

brincki, Chironomus, III, 399
brunneicornis, Polypedilum, IV, 295
brunnescens, Chironomus, III, 391
brunneum, Polypedilum, IV, 296
brunneus, Chironomus, III, 339
brunneus, Nanocladius, II, 340
Bryophaenocladius, II, 325
burgeoni, Chironomus, III, 375

caffrarium, Chironomus, III, 375
caffrarius, Chironomus, III, 339
caffrarius, Stictochironomus, IV, 307
calcaratus, Polypedilum, IV, 292
caligans, Chironomus, III, 378
calipterus, Chironomus, III, 343
callichirus, Chironomus, III, 341
Calochivonomus, III, 356
Calopsectra, IV, 343

caloptera, Microtendipes, IV, 316
calvescens, Polypedilum, IV, 300
camelus, Chironomus, III, 392
Camptocladius, II, 346
Camptohkiefferiella, 11, 338

canus, Metriocnemus, II, 297
capensis, Chironomus, III, 339
capensis, Metriocnemus, II, 301
capensis, Smittia, II, 359
capensis, Tanytarsus, IV, 349
capensis, Trichocladius, II, 317
capicola, Micropsectra, IV, 330
capicola, Smittia, II, 358
Cardiocladius, II, 321

Carteria, III, 356

Carteronica, III, 356
cereofasciatus, Trichocladius, II, 318
Chaetocladius, II, 325
chambiensis, Chironomus, III, 368
chambiensis, Stempellina, IV, 353
Charadromyia, I, 66

Chironomus, III, 329
chloronotus, Chironomus, III, 371
cinereithorax, Chironomus, III, 391
Cladopelma, III, 382
Cladotanytarsus, IV, 348
claripennis, Clinotanypus, I, 52
claviger, Nanocladius, II, 341
clavigera, Kribiodosis, IV, 324
Clinotanypus, I, 52
Clinotanytarsus, IV, 356

Clunio, I, 64 and 65
Coelotanypus, I, 50

collarti, Chironomus, III, 367
collavti, Pentaneura, I, 40
Collartiella, III, 418

comata, Pentaneura, I, 34
conicus, Metriocnemus, II, 298
conicus, Orthocladius, II, 332
congoensis, Pentaneura, I, 36
congolensis, Chironomus, III, 342
conigera, Smittia, II, 351
contracticornis, Pentaneura, I, 43
cordatus, Chironomus, III, 365
coronatus, Chironomus, III, 398
Corynoneura, II, 361

Cricotopus, II, 303

crispi, Chironomus, III, 374
cristata, Corynoneura, II, 363

INDEX

crosskeyi, Paratendipes, III, 420
Cryptochironomus, III, 382
cygnus, Pentaneura, I, 24

Dactylocladius, II, 313
dampfi, Stictochironomus, IV, 307

decem-maculatum, Polypedilum, IV, 284

declivis, Polypedilum, IV, 289
deletum, Polypedilum, IV, 274
Demetjerea, III, 351

deribae, Chironomus, III, 395
dewulfi, Chironomus, III, 376
dewulfii, Corynoneura, II, 362
dewulfi, Metriocnemus, II, 300
dewulfi, Polypedilum, IV, 297
dewulfi, Tanypus, I, 49
dewulfit, Trichocladius, II, 314
dewulfianus, Chironomus, III, 397
Diamesa, I, 62

dibalteatus, Cricotopus, II, 312
diceras, Chironomus, III, 390
Dicrotendipes, III, 356
digitata, Pentaneura, I, 36
disparilis, Chironomus, III, 353
distans, Kribiodosis, IV, 324
duboisi, Chironomus, III, 335

duodecimpustulatum, Polypedilum, IV, 279

dusoleili, Pentaneura, I, 41

ealae, Chironomus, III, 369
eastopi, Chaetocladius, II, 330
edwardsi, Pentaneura, I, 28
edwardsi, Stenochironomus, III, 416
Einfeldia, III, 330

elongata, Corynoneura, II, 364
elongatum, Chironomus, III, 378
Endochironomus, III, 351
ephippium, Nanocladius, II, 342
ephippium, Polypedilum, IV, 292
Eretmoptera, I, 64
Eucorynoneura, II, 361
Eudactylocladius, I1, 325
Euhkiefferiella, 11, 338
Euphaenocladius, I1, 346
excerptus, Chaetocladius, II, 328

fasciata, Kribiodosis, IV, 324
fasciatipennis, Microtendipes, IV, 316
fasciatus, Chironomus, III, 346
fenestratum, Polypedilum, IV, 276
festivus, Stictochironomus, IV, 305
filitarsis, Polypedilum, IV, 276
jfimbriatum, Chironomus, III, 390
flava, Thienemanniella, II, 368
flavipes, Microtendipes, IV, 317
flaviventris, Chironomus, III, 401
flaviventris, Kribiodosis, IV, 324
flavozonatus, Cricotopus, II, 307
fletcheri, Metriocnemus, II, 297
fletcheri, Smittia, II, 348
flexistilus, Tanytarsus, IV, 342
forcipatus, Chironomus, III, 394
fordi, Metriocnemus, II, 301
forficula, Chironomus, III, 362
formosipennis, Chironomus, III, 345
fractilobus, Chironomus, III, 378
fulgens, Cricotopus, II, 304

359

360

fusca, Nilodosis, III, 407

fuscipenne, Polypedilum, IV, 188
fuscipennis, Telmatogeton, I, 66
fuscipes, Chironomus, III, 391
fuscitarsis, Chironomus, III, 386
fuscithorax, Kribiodosis, IV, 324
fuscoguttata, Lauterborniella, IV, 320
fusconotatus, Chironomus, III, 362
fuscum, Polypedilum, IV, 274
fuscus, Tanypus, I, 50 and II, 290
fuscus, Tanytarsus, IV, 347
fusiformis, Stictochironomus, IV, 309

Gillotia, III, 382

glabripennis, Polypedilum, IV, 296
gracilis, Knepperia, II, 360
graminicolor, Chironomus, III, 402
grisea, Nilodosis, III, 407
griseoguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 284
griseonotatus, Chironomus, III, 362
griseosparsus, Chironomus, III, 362
griseovittatum, Chironomus, III, 364
guineensis, Chironomus, III, 336
guineensis, Smittia, IT, 353
guineensis, Tanytarsus, IV, 346
guineensis, Trichocladius, II, 316
guttatipennis, Tanypus, I, 49

Halirytus, I, 65

Halliella, III, 349

hamata, Smittia, II, 358
hamatus, Chironomus, IIT, 355
hamoni, Polypedilum, IV, 302
Harnischia, III, 382

harrisoni, Cricotopus, II, 305
harrisoni, Smittia, II, 355
harrisoni, Stenochironomus, III, 414
Harrisonina, II, 318

henvardi, Chironomus, III, 371
Henrardia, III, 408

Heptagyia, I, 62

hessei, Cardiocladius, II, 324
hetevostolus, Smittia, 357
hexastictus, Chironomus, III, 343
Hexatanytarsus, IV, 357
hieroglyphicum, Polypedilum, IV, 284
hirsti, Chironomus, III, 400
hirsuta, Collartiella, III, 418
hirsuta, Pentaneura, I, 31
hirtella, Smittia, II, 355
hirtipes, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357
Hulstaertiella, IV, 310
Hydrobaenus, II, 330

imicola, Chironomus, III, 346

imperforatus, Stictochironomus, IV, 306

incoloripenne, Polypedilum, IV, 276
inflexus, Chironomus, III, 403

interrupta, Pentaneura, I, 33 and II, 289

tvicolor, Chironomus, III, 345

ivis, Polypedilum, IV, 281 and 286
Isoplastus, I, 20

ituriensis, Nilodosis, III, 407

kibatiense, Polypedilum, IV, 294
kijabensis, Polypedilum, IV, 304
kikuyui, Chironomus, III, 405

INDEX

kinangopi, Orthocladius, II, 337
kisantuensis, Cricotopus, II, 304
Knepperia, II, 351

kribiense, Polypedilum, IV, 298
kribiensis, Cricotopus, II, 306
kribiensis, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357
kribiensis, Pentaneura, I, 36
kribiensis, Stenochironomus, III, 412
kribiensis, Smittia, II, 359
kribiensis, Zavrelia, IV, 355
kribiicola, Chironomus, III, 368
Kribiobius, IV, 356

Kribiocallis, IV, 304
Kribiocharis, 1V, 268 and 310
Kribiocladius, I1, 364
Kribiocosmus, IV, 318
Kribiocryptus, III, 382
Kribiodorum, IV, 319
Kribiodosis, IV, 324
Kribiodoxa, III, 419
Kribiomimus, IV, 268 and 310
Kribiomyia, IV, 328
Kribionympha, IV, 268
Kribiopelma, IV, 298
Kribiophilus, IV, 268
Kribiothauma, IV, 327
Kribiotima, IV, 268
Kribioxenus, III, 424
Kribioxenus, IV, 328

lacteus, Clinotanypus, I, 54
lacteiforceps, Chironomus, III, 404
lacustris, Tanypus, I, 48

lacustris, Orthocladius, II, 337
lamprogaster, Microtendipes, IV, 312
Lasiodiamesa, I, 19

laterale, Polypedilum, IV, 292
latilobus, Chironomus, III, 371
latistilus, Cardiocladius, II, 322
Lauterborniella, IV, 319
lentiginosus, Microtendipes, IV, 315
Lepidopodus, IV, 327

leptogastrus, Chironomus, III, 343
leucochlorus, Chironomus, III, 338
leucolabis, Chironomus, III, 367
leucolabis, Polypedilum, IV, 276
leucopus, Chironomus, III, 387
lewisi, Chironomus, III, 394
lewisi, Tanytarsus, IV, 350
limnocharis, Polypedilum, IV, 296
Limnochironomus, III, 356
Limnophyes, ITI, 344

linea, Chironomus, III, 345
linearis, Chironomus, III, 343
linearis, Tanytarsus, IV, 352
lineola, Thienemanniella, II, 367
lindneri, Chironomus, III, 387
lobeliae, Metriocnemus, II, 296
lobiferum, Polypedilum, IV, 289
lobiger, Orthocladius, II, 332
Lobodiamesa, I, 62

longiceps, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357
longicornis, Chironomus, III, 339
longicosta, Smittia, 353
longicostalis, Smittia, II, 353
longicrus, Polypedilum, IV, 279
longiforceps, Polypedilum, IV, 288

longinervis, Pentaneura, I, 29
longinervis, Polypedilum, IV, 290
longipalpis, Kribiomyia, IV, 329
longipes, Pentaneura, I, 32
longiventris, Chironomus, III, 386
longiventris, Lauterborniella, IV, 322
longiventris, Polypedilum, IV, 288
luctuosus, Tanytarsus, IV, 339
luteipes, Microtendipes, IV, 318

Macropelopia, I, 44

maculatus, Clinotanypus, I, 54
maculipennis, Smittia, II, 349
maculosipennis, Tanypus, I, 48

maculosus, Procladius, I, 60 and II, 290

magna, Chironomus, III, 378
mahensis, Metriocnemus, II, 303
mahensis, Smittia, II, 353
marginatus, Pentaneura, I, 43
marmorata, Anatopynia, I, 45
Maoridiamesa, I, 62 ©

memillani, Tanytarsus, IV, 341
megalochirus, Orthocladius, II, 336
meilloni, Cricotopus, II, 311
meilloni, Pentaneura, I, 31
melaleuca, Pentaneura, I, 38:
melaleucus, Chaetocladius, II, 327
melanophilus, Polypedilum, IV, 296
melanostola, Smittia, II, 357
melutensis, Chironomus, III, 398
metallescens, Trichocladius, II, 317
Metriocnemus, II, 294

micra, Pentaneura, I, 34

micra, Polypedilum, IV, 302
micans, Trichocladius, II, 314
Microcricotopus, II, 338

micronyx, Stenochironomus, III, 415
Micropsectra, IV, 330
Microtendipes, IV, 310

minimus, Pentaneura, I, 33

minor, Telmatogeton, I, 67
misorus, Tanytarsus, IV, 356
modestus, Kribiobius, IV, 356
monilis, Chironomus, III, 404
monitlis, Pentaneura, I, 41
multispinosus, Chironomus, III, 373

nairobii, Chironomus, III, 334
Nanocladius, II, 338

natalense, Polypedilum, IV, 273
natalensis, Chaetocladius, II, 328
natalensis, Limnophyes, II, 344
natalensis, Stictochironomus, IV, 306
neonilicola, Chironomus, III, 389
nigerrimus, Orthocladius, II, 335
nigra, Smittia, II, 349

nigra, Smittia, II, 352

nigratipes, Lepidopodus, IV, 326
nigricornis, Tanytarsus, IV, 345
nigripalpis, Clinotanypus, I, 52
nigritarse, Chironomus, III, 375
nigrocinctus, Tanytarsus, IV, 339
nigrocorporis, Chironomus, III, 387
nigrolineatus, Chironomus, III, 370
nigromarmorata, Pentaneura, £27
nigropunctatum, Chironomus, Ill, 379
nigrovittatus, Clinotanyus, I, 52

INDEX

niliacus, Chironomus, III, 343

nilicola, Chironomus, III, 345, 362 and 389

nilicola, Orthocladius, II, 337
nilicola, Procladius, I, 59

nilicola, Tanytarsus, IV, 356
niligenus, Chironomus, III, 386
niligenus, Clinotanypus, I, 52
nilobius, Tanytarsus, IV, 357
Nilodorum, III, 374

Nilodosis, III, 406

Nilomyia, III, 382

nilophilus, Chironomus, III, 405
nilophilus, Stictochironomus, IV, 307
Nilotanypus, I, 20

nilotes, Chironomus, III, 405
Nilothauma, III, 424

nilotica, Pentaneura, I, 36
niloticum, Polypedilum, IV, 279
niloticus, Chironomus, III, 371
niloticus, Chironomus, III, 392
niloticus, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357
niloticus, Procladius, I, 59

nivalis, Chironomus, III, 341
niveiforceps, Polypedilum, IV, 278
nivetpluma, Nanocladius, II, 339
nocticolor, Polypedilum, IV, 296
nocticolor, Tanytarsus, IV, 336
noctivaga, Chironomus, III, 351
noctivagus, Procladius, I, 59
novemgutiatum, Polypedilum, IV, 278
nubilipennis, Paratendipes, III, 422
nudiforceps, Chironomus, III, 404

obscurus, Cricotopus, II, 311
obscurus, Tanypus, I, 50
obsoletum, Polypedilum, IV, 274
octomaculatum, Pentaneura, I, 28
octomaculatum, Polypedilum, IV, 277
octostictum, Polypedilum, IV, 277
oculare, Chironomus, III, 405
ocularis, Chironomus, III, 406
Odontomesa, I, 62

oliffi, Cardiocladius, II, 322
ornatipennis, Polypedilum, IV, 272
ornatipes, Kribiocosmus, IV, 319
Orthocladius, II, 330

Orthosmittia, II, 346

ovazzai, Chironomus, III, 350
ovazzai, Pentaneura, II, 289
oxylabis, Chironomus, III, 345

pallida, Polypedilum, IV, 299
pallidinervis, Polypedilum, IV, 290
pallidipes, Lauterborniella, IV, 323
pallidissima, Pentaneura, I, 30
pallidissimus, Tanytarsus, IV, 337
pallidissimus, Tanytarsus, IV, 338
pallidulus, Kribioxenus, IV, 328
pallidulus, Tanytarsus, IV, 333
pallidus, Chaetocladius, II, 330
palpalis, Chironomus, III, 346
palpalis, Pentaneura, I, 32
palpalis, Pentaneura, II, 289
palustris, Chironomus, III, 345
pandani, Polypedilum, IV, 295
Paraclunio, I, 65

Paracorynoneura, II, 361

362

Parakiefferiella, II, 338
Paratanytarsus, IV, 357
Paratendipes, III, 419

Parochlus, I, 19

penicillatus, Chironomus, III, 374
Pentaneura, I, 20

Pentapedilum, IV, 298
Pentapelma, IV, 268
peringueyanus, Chironomus, III, 364
peringueyi, Chironomus, III, 337
petersi, Anatopynia, I, 47
petricola, Harrisonina, II, 319
Phaenocladius, II, 346
pictipenne, Nilothauma, ITI, 425
pictipennis, Chironomus, III, 361
pictipennis, Polypedilum, IV, 279
pictipes, Pentaneura, I, 43
pictiventris, Chironomus, III, 345
pictiventris, Cricotopus, II, 310
pictus, Chironomus, ITI, 365
pilosimanus, Chironomus, III, 360
plumbeus, Cricotopus, II, 306

pluriguttatum, Stictochironomus, IV, 307

Podonomus, I, 19

polychaetus, Stenochironomus, III, 412
Polypedilum, IV, 266

polytomus, Procladius, I, 60
pretorianus, Orthocladius, II, 336
pretorianus, Trichocladius, II, 316
Procladius, I, 56

Prodiamesa, I, 62

productus, Chaetocladius, II, 329
Protanypus, I, 62

Protenthes, I, 47

pruina, Polypedilum, IV, 280
Psammathiomyia, I, 65
Psectrocladius, II, 324
Psectrotanypus, I, 20 and 44
Pseudodiamesa, I, 62

pseudolabis, Chironomus, III, 387
pseudomancus, Tanytarsus, IV, 348
Pseudorthocladius, II, 330
Pseudosmittia, II, 346

Psilotanypus, I, 56

pubescens, Chironomus, III, 402
pulchellum, Kribiothauma, IV, 327
pulcher, Chironomus, III, 334
pulchra, Lauterborniella, IV, 321
pullatus, Chironomus, III, 401
pumilio, Chironomus, III, 406
puripennis, Stictochironomus, IV, 307
puripennis, Stictochironomus, IV, 309
pustulatus, Stenochironomus, III, 417
pygmaeus, Chironomus, III, 406
pygmaeus, Stenochironomus, III, 410

quadrifasciatus, Cricotopus, II, 310
quadrispinosa, Henrardia, III, 409

quatuordecimpunctatus, Chironomus, III, 361
quatuorpunctatum, Chironomus, III, 362
quinqueguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 279

ramiferum, Polypedilum, IV, 285
rectilobus, Smittia, II, 351
veductus, Chironomus, III, 402
veductus, Orthocladius, II, 332

INDEX

veductus, Pentaneura, I, 43
reductus, Tanytarsus, IV, 350
regalis, Chironomus, III, 373
reginae, Chironomus, III, 346

reidi, Chironomus, III, 399

reidi, Paratendipes, III, 421

reidi, Procladius, I, 61

remotissima, Pentaneura, I, 35
Rheotanytarsus, IV, 346

rhodesiae, Chironomus, III, 406
rhodesianus, Chironomus, III, 400
rodriguensis, Cricotopus, II, 306
Rosenia, IV, 298

rostratiforceps, Chironomus, III, 343
rostrifer, Chironomus, III, 347
ruandae, Polypedilum, IV, 299
rudebecki, Chironomus, III, 400
rufa, Pentaneura, I, 40

rugosum, Chironomus, III, 378
rugosus, Clinotanypus, I, 55
rutshuruensis, Microtendipes, IV, 314
rutshuruensis, Pentaneura, I, 27
ruwenzoriensis, Chaetocladius, II, 328
ruwenzoriensis, Diamesa, I, 62

salti, Smittia, II, 349
sancti-benedicti, Orthocladius, II, 337
sancti-pauli, Telmatogeton, I, 66
satchelli, Chironomus, III, 338
satchelli, Microtendipes, IV, 312
schoutedeni, Chironomus, III, 370
schultzei, Chironomus, III, 348
schwetzi, Anatopynia, I, 45

schwetzi, Chironomus, III, 334
scottae, Cricotopus, II, 312

scotti, Chironomus, ITI, 335

scottt, Corynoneura, II, 362

scotti, Metriocnemus, II, 298

scotti, Polypedilum, IV, 297
sensualis, Chironomus, IIT, 334
septemguttatum, Pentaneura, I, 28
septemguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 279
sessilis, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357
sexguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 279
seychelleanus, Chironomus, III, 341 and 367
seychellensis, Corynoneura, II, 364
seydeli, Chironomus, III, 347
seydeli, Paratendipes, III, 424
similis, Orthocladius, II, 334
sinuatus, Chironomus, III, 393
Smittia, II, 346

spadiceonotatus, Tanytarsus, IV, 341
spatuliger, Stenochironomus, III, 410
speciosus, Chironomus, III, 361
spinosa, Limnophyes, II, 344
Stempellina, IV, 352
Stenochironomus, III, 409
Stictochironomus, IV, 304
stictoptera, Paratendipes, III, 423
stictoptera, Stictochironomus, IV, 305
stilatum, Chironomus, III, 375
stilatum, Polypedilum, IV, 294
stilifer, Chironomus, III, 395

striata, Paratendipes, III, 423
subconfluens, Polypedilum, IV, 291
subfusiformis, Chironomus, III, 405
subnigra, Smittia, II, 352

subovatus, Chironomus, III, 390
subovatum, Polypedilum, IV, 282
subrecta, Pentaneura, I, 36
subreflexens, Tanytarsus, IV, 344
subtrilobata, Smittia, II, 357
sudanicus, Chironomus, III, 365
sudanicus, Cricotopus, II, 308
surdellus, Chironomus, III, 376
Syndiamesa, I, 62

tangae, Chironomus, III, 335
taitae, Microtendipes, IV, 316
Tanypus, I, 20

Tanypus, I, 47

Tanytarsus, IV, 331

tavetae, Chironomus, III, 343
teesdalei, Pentaneura, I, 26
Telmatogeton, I, 65 and 66
tenuimanus, Polypedilum, IV, 290
tenuitarsis, Polypedilum, IV, 276
Tethymyia, I, 64

tetraleucus, Chironomus, III, 348
Thalassomyia, I, 65
Thienemanniella, II, 364
tinctoria, Pentaneura, I, 26
transvaalensis, Chironomus, III, 339
Trichocladius, II, 303
Trichocladius, II, 313
Trichotanypus, I, 19
Trichotanypus, I, 47 and 56
tricinctellus, Cricotopus, II, 308
tricolor, Pentaneura, I, 36
tridens, Polypedilum, IV, 282
trifascia, Pentaneura, I, 25
trifidus, Chironomus, III, 391
trifidus, Tanytarsus, IV, 343
trilabis, Chironomus, III, 362
trilobatum, Polypedilum, IV, 280
Tripedilum, IV, 268

Tripodura, IV, 268

tripunctatus, Chironomus, III, 334

INDEX 363

trisetosus, Chironomus, III, 381
trispinosa, Stenochironomus, III, 410
Trissoclunio, I, 66

trivittata, Thienemanniella, II, 365
tropicalis, Chironomus, III, 405
tropicalis, Tanytarsus, IV, 356
tropicum, Polypedilum, IV, 280
truncata, Stempellina, IV, 353

ugandae, Chironomus, III, 380
umbrosus, Microtendipes, IV, 313
umbrosus, Procladius, I, 56
unicalcar, Chironomus, III, 401
unicolor, Anatopynia, I, 46
uniformis, Pentaneura, I, 30

van-bemmeli, Polypedilum, IV, 284
vanderplanki, Polypedilum, IV, 297
vaneyent, Chironomus, III, 335
varitforceps, Pentaneura, I, 43
verbekei, Clinotanypus, II, 290
verbekei, Cricotopus, II, 313
violaceus, Lauterborniella, IV, 321
viridescens, Psectrocladius, II, 325
viridiventris, Chironomus, III, 386
vitellinus, Nanocladius, II, 339
vitshumbiensis, Chironomus, III, 376
vittatum, Polypedilum, IV, 300

wittei, Metriocnemus, II, 295
wittei, Polypedilum, IV, 301
woodi, Chironomus, III, 355
wulfi, Smittia, II, 354

xanthostolus, Smittia, II, 357
Xenochironomus, III, 380

zariae, Tanytarsus, IV, 342
Zavrelia, IV, 355
Zavreliella, IV, 319

PLATE 1

Wings of females of Polypedilum (Polypedilum). (a) P. alticola; (b) P. natalense ;
(c) P. deletum; (da) P. tenwitarsis ; (e) P. annulatipes; (f) P. abyssiniae ; (g) P. quinque-

guttatum ; (h) P. longicrus; (i) P. tropicum; (j) P. pruina; (k) P. aegyptium ; (1), (m),
(n), (0) variations of P. griseoguttatum ; (p) P. ramiferum ; (q) P. albosignatum ; (vr) P. albo-

guttatum.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 11 PLATE 3

PA Av Be 2
Wings of Chironomini, all females except for (f) and (7). (a) Stictochironomus festivus
festivus ; (b) S. festivus imperforatus ; (c) S. caffrarius ; (d) S. fusiformis ; (e) S. bisignatus ;
(f) Microtendipes umbrosus ; (g) M. albus; (h) M. taitae; (1) M. lentiginosus holotype;
(j) M. lentiginosus paratype; (k) and (1) M. bifasciatus; (m) Kribiocosmus ornatipes ;
(n) Lauterborniella fuscoguttata; (0) L. pulchra; (p) L. longiventris; (q) L. pallidipes ;
(v) Knibiothauma pulchellum.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 11

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN
GEOMETRIDAE

L. B. PROUT

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 12
LONDON : 1958

ace he
st ‘

‘aCe
ad

NEW SPECIES OF
INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

BY.

L. B. PROUT.
rug.

Pp. 365-463 ; 72 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 12
LONDON: 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 6, No. 12 of the Entomological
serves.

os
SO
e\

~ 2SEP 1958 |
/ a

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1958

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued August, 1958 Price Twenty-eight Shillings :

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN
GEOMETRIDAE

By L. B. PROUT

PARTI,

[Plates 29-34, 36-41 and plate 50 of volume 12 of Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the
World, were published without all the relevant text, the only copy of the manuscript
being destroyed during the war. In order to validate the names of those new
species which were figured on these plates, descriptions have been prepared from
Mr. Prout’s notes and papers, which came to this department after his death.
Revised descriptions with comparative notes and full type data have been included
for a number of species described in the German edition of vol. 12, and published in
1940-41. All the specimens listed are in the British Museum (Natural History)
with the single exception of the type of Chloroclystis antarctica Hudson ab. hudsoni
ab. n., which is in the collection of Mr. G. V. Hudson in New Zealand.

Part I also includes a legend to all the species illustrated on the plates listed
above : due to the war Mr. Prout did not have the opportunity of correcting proof
copies of these plates, which were printed in Germany, and they appeared with a
number of the names wrongly spelt or transposed. With the exception of those
species described in the following pages, each name is followed by the date of its
original publication.

The colour names used in the descriptions are taken from Ridgway, Color Standards
and Color Nomenclature.—D. S. Fletcher, Dept. of Entomology, British Museum
(Natural History).]

Eustroma hampsoni sp. n.
(Pl. 31 : A as tnterplagata)
Cidaria interplagata Guenée Hampson nec Guenée, 1895, Moths of India, 3: 358.
Guenée’s type of Cidaria interplagata (1858) has proved to be a species of Arichanna
closely related to A. ramosa Walker (1866) in the subfamily Ennominae. The

species which Hampson described very fully in the Moths of India, based on a single
male from Sikkim, has therefore been renamed.

Pareustroma conisecta Prout
(Pier ©)
32 36-38 mm. Face, head, thorax and abdomen cinnamon buff irrorate with

fuscous ; basal halves of patagia and tegulae fuscous ; thorax with a large fuscous
spot medially. Fore wing mummy brown. Basal fascia double and fuscous,

ENTOM. 6. 12. 20

368 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

marked on anterior half of wing only ; proximal line slender, distal line broad.
Medial area shaped as illustrated, fuscous ; subterminal fascia consists of pale
interneural spots ; termen slenderly and brokenly fuscous. Hind wing cartridge
buff irrorate with fuscous, rather more densely in the terminal area. Distinguished
from the other species in the genus by the smooth, diagonal, proximal margin of
the very distinctly shaped medial area.

W. Curina: Tien-Tsuen, 1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 2 3, 2 Q,
including holotype and allotype ; Ta-tsien-lou, 1910 (Chasseurs indigénes), I 3.

THIBET : Frontiére orientale, 1905 (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), 1 Q.

Lobogonodes multistriata tensa Prout
(PU, at's DD}

Differs from m. multistriata Butler (1889) in the suffusion of both wings with
fuscous black ; as a result the white pattern is more sharply contrasted with the
ground colour.

Inp1A : Assam, Shillong (H. M. Parish), holotype 3; ibid., 17.viii.1909, 2 Q,
including allotype.

Lobogonodes complicata dactylotypa Prout
(PL 31: D)

Differs from c. complicata Butler (1879) in the suffusion of both wings with fuscous
black ; the ochraceous tawny colouring, which, in the nominate subspecies extends
proximad from the termen to the postmedial fascia, is completely suppressed.

FormosA : Kanshirei, 1,000 ft., 10.v.1908 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢; 7bid.,
14.v.1908, I g; 23.vi.1908 allotype 2; I9.vili.1908, I g; 12.x.1908, I 9.

Hysterura vacillans Prout
(PL. $2: C)

3 33-36 mm. Fore wing cinnamon buff with a hair tuft on the underside as in
H. cervinaria Moore (1867) ; basal third of wing transversed by four parallel fasciae,
each consisting of interneural spots of varying sizes, which are fuscous slenderly
ringed with cartridge buff ; medial area similarly coloured, shaped as in illustration,
trifurcate costad ; subterminal fascia fuscous, strongly marked from costa to vein
R,, edged and slenderly divided along vein Sc; by cartridge buff, then marked by
four similarly coloured spots of smaller size, one between veins R, and R, and three
posterior of vein M,. Apical streak fuscous edged with cartridge buff. Hind
wing slightly angled at vein M,, tilleul buff; termen slenderly fuscous. Differs
from cervinaria Moore in the slightly angled hind wing and in the distinctive shape
of the medial area of the fore wing.

W. Cuina : Ta-tsien-lou, 1910 (Chasseurs indigénes), holotype g; Siao-Lou, 1902
(Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), I 3.

THIBET : Frontiére orientale, 1905 (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), I 3.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 369

Hysterura protagma Prout
(Pi 9n sD)

6 38 mm. Fore wing with a tuft of long, pale ochraceous buff hair along the
underside of the inner margin ; the upperside is light vinaceous cinnamon irrorate
with fuscous proximad of the postmedial fascia and with cinnamon brown distad
of it and terminad between vein R, and the tornus ; basal third of wing with four
parallel fasciae consisting of fuscous spots ringed with cartridge buff ; medial area
similarly coloured, consisting of one triangular patch posterior of the lower median
vein and several spots anterior of it ; subterminal fascia, distally dentate from
costa to vein R,, fuscous edged with cartridge buff, then marked as spots, one
between veins R, and R, and three between M, and the inner margin ; two similar
spots near apex, one between veins Sc, and Sc, and one between Sc, and R,. Hind
wing acutely angled and slightly produced between veins R, and M,, pale drab
suffused with light vinaceous cinnamon in posterior half ; termen cinnamon brown ;
postmedial fascia and anterior half of subterminal fascia pale ; posterior half of
subterminal fascia represented posterior of vein R, by fuscous spots ringed with
warm buff. Distinguished from other known species by the size and colour of the
tuft along the inner margin of the underside of the fore wing, by the pattern of
the medial area and the subterminal fascia of the fore wing, and by the acute angling
of the hind wing.

Inp1A : Assam, Cherrapunji, i.1894, holotype 3; Khasia Hills, 2 3.

Burma : East Pegu, 4-5,000 ft., ili-iv.1890 (W. Doherty), 1 3.

Hysterura protagma agaura Prout

642mm. Differs from £. protagma in its larger size and in the brighter and more
intense cinnamon brown irroration distad of the medial area and terminad between
vein #, and the tornus of the fore wing.

Formosa : Arizan, 7,300 ft., 28.i11.1908 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢.

Amnesicoma albiseriata condigna Prout

Differs from @. albiseriata Warren (1893) in the more clearly marked, white
transverse fasciae, and in the reduction of the white cell marks on the fore wing to
two small spots.

TIBET : Chumbitang, 13,000 ft., 25.vii.1924 (Maj. R. W. G. Hingston), holotype
3; Chumbi Valley, r ¢.

Photoscotosia indecora Prout
(Plgr
6 49mm.; 947mm. Hair tuft on underside of fore wing in male cartridge buff,
short, extending to just beyond level of mid-cell. Both wings fuscous. Fore wing
very lightly irrorate with olive buff; basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae white ;
subterminal fascia white, represented by longitudinal dashes between the veins ;
terminal interneural dots and apical streak warm buff; cell spot elongate and
white, cut by veins Sc;, R, and R,; and additional white spot is situate close to

370 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

lower median vein between veins M, and M,. On the hind wing the postmedial
fasciae are white, weakly marked. Distinguished from P. amplicata Walker (1862)
by the small white hair tuft on the underside of the fore wing in the male and by
the uniformly fuscous hind wing in both sexes.

THIBET : Kharta, 12,000 ft., 30.vii.1921 (G. H. Bullock), holotype g; Kama
Valley, 12,000 ft., 27.vili.Ig2r (A. F. R. Wollaston), allotype 9.

Photoscotosia prosenes Prout
(PL. 952 By
39 44mm. Underside of male fore wing with a fuscous hair tuft along the middle
of the lower median vein, partially covering a large area of black scaling situate
medially in the posterior half of the wing. Fore wing cartridge buff densely irrorate
with light grayish olive ; transverse fasciae, medial area and subterminal area
shading to drab, ill-defined ; subterminal area edged distally by a white, lunulate
fascia, represented posterior of vein R, by interneural spots only ; between the medial
and the subterminal areas the veins are warm buff. Hind wing cartridge buff,
termen and anal margin light grayish olive ; subterminal fascia faintly marked
by white interneural spots posterior of vein R,; termen slenderly warm buff.
Distinguished from the rather similarly coloured P. palaearctica fusca Staudinger
(1901) by the smaller hair tuft on the underside of the male fore wing and by the
lack of brown irroration on the upperside of both wings.
T1BET : Rongshar Valley, 12,500 ft., 25.vii.1g21 (A. F. R. Wollaston), holotype
6 and allotype 9.

Photoscotosia dipegaea Prout
(PL ar 3G)
3g 50mm. Underside of fore wing with a large patch of black scales covered by

a tuft of long hair and situate medially posterior of the lower median vein. Fore

wing cartridge buff irrorate with ochraceous tawny and fuscous, very lightly
proximad of the antemedial fascia, in the proximal anterior fourth of the medial
area, immediately distad of the postmedial fascia and at the apex ; basal and ante-
medial fasciae broad and straight, the latter strongly marked ; postmedial fascia
slender and dentate ; all fasciae fuscous ; cell spot very slender. Hind wing cartridge
buff, termen and anal margin lightly irrorate with fuscous ; subterminal fascia
represented by pale interneural spots posterior of vein R,. Distinguished at once
by the broad, straight, antemedial fascia and by the slender, pale, contrasting
fascia distad of the postmedial on the fore wing.

SW. Curna: Yunnan, Mekong-Yangtse Divide E. of Tsekou, Pei-ma-shan,
14,000 ft., 23.vii.1922 (Prof. J. W. Gregory), 2 3, including holotype.

Photoscotosia annubilata Prout
(Pl. 31 : H)
$50 mm. Underside of fore wing with a hair tuft extending along the lower

median vein ; the hair is light buff tipped fuscous. Upperside of fore wing as in
P. nubilata Moore (1888). Hind wing: anterior proximal fourth white, apex

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 371

warm buff, remainder fuscous ; the subterminal and the double postmedial fasciae
are white and marked at the anal margin only. Differs from the closely related
nubilata in lacking the patch of black scales beneath the hair tuft and in the pattern
of the hind wing, in lacking the broad, warm buff costal area of that species.

INDIA : Sikkim, 12,000 ft. (Ex coll. H. J. Elwes), holotype 3.

Photoscotosia polysticha Prout
CP1,32-2 A)

3 48-50 mm. ; 2 54-56 mm. Darker than P. pallifasciaria Leech (1897), with
which it had been confused by Hampson in the B.M. collection. Perhaps better
compared with the well-known P. atrostrigata Bremer (1864), from which it differs
in the fore wing in the marked russet suffusion ; in the female the single, broad
basal fascia and in the male the many fine basal fasciae are straighter ; in both sexes
the antemedial is less sinuous, the postmedial has a single, shallow inward curve
between veins #, and M, and the posterior lunules are also shallow ; the subterminal
fascia is more punctiform, the spot posterior of vein SM, being larger in the female
than in the male. Hind wing nearly as in atrosirigata, but having the terminal area
suffused with russet and the irregularly marked subterminal fascia punctiform
instead of lunulate.

INDIA : Sikkim, Yatong (Bingham), I 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype.

TIBET : Yatung (A. E. Hobson), 1 3, 4 9; Kama Valley, 10,000 ft., 24. viii. 1921
(A. F. R. Wollaston), t § ; Chumbi Valley, Dopenri, 1 9.

Photoscotosia isosticta Prout
(Pl. 3228)

32 44-50 mm. Similar in colour and pattern to P. miniosata Walker (1862), but
differs in the fore wing ; proximad of the antemedial fascia, which is angled in the
posterior corner of the cell, the wing is uniformly suffused with fuscous. Differs
also in the hind wing ; in the male there is more white anteriorly and in the female
there is a dentate postmedial fascia. The species is at once recognizable by the
underside of the fore wing ; the fuscous terminal and apical suffusion is extended
proximad along the costa to absorb the large fuscous spot at two-thirds costa,
which is so conspicuously isolated in miniosata.

W. CHINA : Siao-Lou, 1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 13 3, 2 2 includ-
ing holotype and allotype ; Ta-tsien-lou, 1906 (Chasseurs indigenes), I 3, I Q; tbid.,
IgI0, I g ; Tien-Tsuen, 1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 3 3, I 9.

THIBET : Frontiére orientale, 1906 (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), 3 3, 2 &.

Photoscotosia prasinotmeta Prout
(Pl. 32 <5)

- $¢50mm. Similar in wing shape and pattern to P. propugnataria Leech (1897)
but distinguishable from the male of that species by the colour of the hind wing ;

the proximal two-thirds of the anterior half is white, the distal third is orange
buff ; the posterior half is fuscous suffused terminally with russet. In propugnataria
only the anterior third of the hind wing is white and the apex is straw yellow ; the
only orange buff colouring is confined to a small area distad of the discocellulars
and the termen is suffused with russet only near the apex.
W. CuinaA : Ta-tsien-lou, 1899 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), holotype 2.
THIBET : 1897 (Chasseurs Thibetains—ex P. Déjean), 1 3.

372 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE q
.
|
.
1
]

Calleulype compositata apothetica Prout

Differs from c. compositata Guenée (1858) in the loss of all or nearly all the fuscous
pattern on the terminal fourth of the hind wing anterior of vein R, ; in some speci-
mens the transverse fasciae on the fore wing are broadened and fused.

W. Cuina : Tse Kou, 1895 (R. P. Dubernard), holotype ¢ ; Ta-tsien-lou, 7,500 ft.,
vii. 1889 (A. E. Pratt), 1 3; Ta-tsien-lou, 1906 (Chasseurs indigénes), I 3, I 93
Siao-Lou, 1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 1 9; Ichang, 2 g, I 9.

THIBET : Frontiére orientale, 1906 (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), I &.

Gandaritis flavata postscripta Prout

3 79-83 mm. Fore wing with medial area placed more proximally than in
f. flavata Moore (1867) ; the ante- and postmedial fasciae are double as in f/f. flavata,
but the two lines of each fascia are wider apart. The hind wing has a conspicuous
subterminal shade extending from vein R, to the anal angle, ill-defined distally
but sharply defined proximally, where it is strongly dentate with acute teeth
pointing proximad on the veins.

CuiInA : Yunnan, Wei-Si, i.1917 (Péve Ouvrard), 2 3 including holotype.

Dysstroma ceprona (Swinhoe) ab. rufescens Prout

A form parallel to Dysstroma truncata (Hufnagel) ab. rufescens Strom ; the fore
wing is suffused with ochraceous tawny between the antemedial and the subterminal
fasciae, anterior of vein SM.

W. Sumatra : Korinchi, 7,300 ft., v.1914 (Robinson & Kloss), holotype 9.

Philereme vashti basilis Prout

Differs from v. vashti Butler (1878) in the browner, less black colour of the wings,
which are fuscous ; those of v. vashti are fuscous black. Between the costa and vein
R, on both the upper- and undersurfaces of the fore wing, the postmedial fascia is
broadly and conspicuously cartridge buff ; in v. vashid it is scarcely traceable and often
wanting.

W. Curna : Che-tou, 11,070 ft., vii-viii. 1890 (Native coll.), 2 3 including holotype ;
Pu-tsu-fong, 9,820 ft., vi-vii. 1890 (Native coll.), 1 3; ibid., 8-10,000 ft., vii. 1890, I J;

So

wl

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 373

Ta-tsien-lou, 65 3, 43 2; Siao-Lou, 1900 (Chasseurs indigenes), 5 3, 10 9; Moupin,
I 2; Szechuan, Kunkala-shan, I ¢.
THIBET : Frontiére orientale (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), 26 3, 6 9.

Triphosa acyrota Prout
(Pi.-33 : C)

3S 41-43 mm.; 29 44 mm. Male. Fore wing wood brown to avellaneous, lightly
but evenly irrorate with fuscous ; sub-basal, basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae
broad, dentate and fuscous ; the ante- and postmedial fasciae are sharply defined
in the anterior half of the wing, the postmedial being strongly toothed distad
between veins R, and M, ; proximad of the subterminal fascia, which is cartridge
buff and punctiform, there is an area of fuscous; cell spot fuscous. Hind wing
uniformly wood brown to avellaneous, the postmedial fascia fuscous, but marked
only at the anal margin. In the female the ground colour of both wings is cartridge
buff and the transverse fasciae are as a result more sharply defined. Similar in
size to T. rantaizanensis Wileman (1916), but more sharply marked and with the
postmedial fascia of the fore wing more strongly toothed between veins R, and M.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: N. Luzon, 5-6,000 ft. (Whitehead), 2 3, I 9, including
holotype and allotype.

Triphosa praesumtiosa Prout
(PL-33").E)

62 47-51 mm. Rather larger than T. rantaizanensis Wileman (1916), which
has a wing span of 42-44 mm. The wings are less dark than in that species, being
similar in colour and pattern to the preceding species, though not so glossy and
more strongly marked ; on the fore wing the anterior projection of the postmedial
fascia is a little stronger and the fuscous costal area proximad of the subterminal
fascia is more strongly marked.

In the male genitalia the uncus in vantatzanensis is evenly curved from base to
tapered apex ; in praesumtiosa it is broadened from base to middle, then sharply
narrowed by one-half and tapered to the apex.

Formosa : Rantaizan, 10-11.v.1909 (A. E. Wileman), 2 3, 2 2, including holotype
and allotype.

Triphosa empodia Prout
(PicasG)
Larentia albiplaga Oberthuy Hampson nec Oberthur, 1895, Moths of India, 3: 370 (part).
6 40-42 mm.; 2 50 mm. Fore wing bister, basal, medial and terminal areas
fuscous ; basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae very lightly irrorate with white ;
medial fascia similarly irrorate in a few examples ; cell spot slender, fuscous black,

followed distally in some examples by a small area of white ; subterminal fascia
white and punctiform, the spot between veins R, and /, often being large. Hind

374 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

wing bister ; fringes chequered with white in anterior half of the wing ; postmedial
and subterminal fasciae slenderly white in some examples. Underside : fore wing
bister with two areas of white, one distad of the discocellulars extending to the
faintly marked postmedial fascia, the other distad of the postmedial fascia between
veins R, and M, ; hind wing similar to the upperside. Differs from T. hydatoplex
Prout (1938) in the reduction of the white markings on the fore wing.

INDIA : Sikkim, 13,000 ft., 1887 (Coll. H. J. Elwes), holotype 9 ; Sikkim, Yatong,
1894 (Dudgeon), 1 2; Kashmir Valley, vii.1903 (Ward), 1 3.

TIBET: Yatung (A. E. Hobson), 5 3; Rongshar Valley, 12,500 ft., 25.vil. 1921
(A. F. R. Wollaston), 3 3.

BHUTAN : I 4.

Triphosa macroprora Prout
(Pl. 33 : G)

642mm. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Fore wing light buff
irrorate with warm buff and bister ; ante- and postmedial fasciae broad, densely
bister ; a similar fascia is situate proximad of the pale buff, lunulate subterminal
fascia ; termen slenderly fuscous proximad, warm buff distad between the veins
with minute warm buff dots at the vein ends. Hind wing tilleul buff irrorate with
bister, very lightly proximad, densely distad ; apex warm buff; double postmedial
fascia marked at the anal margin only ; subterminal fascia and termen as on fore
wing. Related to T. dubiosata Walker (1862), differing in its brown instead of
grey colour and in the length of the palpus ; in dubiosata it is one and one-half times
as long as the diameter of the eye.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon, subprov. Benguet, Pauai, Haight’s Place, 7,000
ft., 3.xii.1912 ( A. E. Wileman), holotype 2.

Triphosa luteimedia Prout
(Fl. 33 3:34)

52 43-45 mm. Fairly broad winged especially in the female. Palpus moderate
as in T. dubiosata Walker (1862), or scarcely longer. Fore wing more mixed with
white than in T. confusaria Leech (1897), well variegated and scarcely glossy, the
colouring about as in medium Entephria caesiata Schiffermiiller (vol. 4, pl. 9 : F);
the wing is white lightly irrorate with mouse gray to fuscous ; sub-basal, basal,
ante- and postmedial fasciae broad, more densely fuscous, especially costad ;
terminal fourth densely fuscous and divided by the lunulate white subterminal
fascia, which is more or less enlarged into a spot in part of the median fold and
sometimes again posterior of it, but this latter spot is not a marked feature ; medial
area more or less irrorate with straw to mustard yellow ; in some examples this is
reduced to a strongly marked streak on the lower median vein. Hind wing rather
variable, always moderately well marked, the distal area dark enough to render
conspicuous the pale subterminal fascia.

THIBET : Ta-tsien-lou, v-vi.1892 (Chasseurs Thibetains), holotype 3, I 2; 7bid.,

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 375

eté 1893 (R. P. Déjean), 1 3; tbid., 1898, allotype 9 ; zbid., 1902, I 3; Tay-Tou-Ho,
1897 (R. P. Déjean), 1 8.

Triphosa confusaria tarachodes Prout
Ce Bic Bee

Differs from c. confusaria Leech (1897) in the suffusion of both wings with dark
mouse gray, the basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae and the terminal area of the
fore wing being very strongly marked.

InvIA : Sikkim, Tonglo, 10,000 ft., vii. 1886 (H. J. Elwes), 5 3, including holotype ;
Sikkim (Knyvett), 1 3.

TIBET : Chumbi Valley, 7 3, 9 2; Chumbitang, 13,000 ft., 25.vii.1924 (Maj. R.
W. G. Hingston), i 3, 3 9; Kharta Valley, 11,500 ft., 24.vi.1922 (E. F. Norton),
IJ.

Calocalpe tremodes Prout
(Pl. 34 : A)

3 37-42 mm. Fore wing sepia ; ante- and postmedial fasciae white and dentate,
strongly and broadly marked at costa, but failing at the median vein ; subterminal
fascia white, very slender and lunulate, marked most conspicuously between veins
R, and M, and by a large spot posterior of vein M, ; cell spot slender and black ;
medial area straw yellow round posterior half of DC ; termen slenderly fuscous ;
underside paler, snuff brown except in the posterior half distad of the medial area,
where the wing is irrorate with pale buff; the distal margin of the medial area is
bluntly toothed distad between veins Sc; and R, and between R, and M, ; postmedial
fascia broad, pale buff, failing as on upperside, as it merges into the pale posterior
area. Hind wing drab irrorate with sepia terminally ; apex and costal area largely
white ; postmedial fascia double, white, marked at anal margin only ; subterminal
fascia very slenderly lunulate, white ; termen as on fore wing; underside with a
dense hair tuft in the central third of interspace 1b. Distinguished from other
oriental species of Calocalpe by its small size, the dark sepia colour of the wings and
the restricted white area along the costa of the hind wing.

InpIA : Sikkim, Tonglo, 10,000 ft., vii. 1886 (H. J. Elwes), 3 3, including holotype ;
Sikkim, 1886 (O. Moller), 2 3; Sikkim (Knyvett), 1 f; Sikkim, 1 ¢.

Calocalpe anestia Prout
(Pl. 34: A)

32 43-47 mm. Fore wing bister, basal, sub-basal, medial and terminal areas
most strongly marked ; basal, antemedial, medial and postmedial fasciae broad
and irrorate with white, the medial and postmedial failing at the submedian vein ;
subterminal fascia lunulate and white, broadly marked between veins R, and SM, ;

t cell spot slender and fuscous ; underside pale buff lightly suffused with bister ;

cell spot, anterior half of distal margin of medial area and termen, between veins
M, and M, and broadly between R, and apex, densely bister ; the anterior tooth

376 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

of the distal margin of the medial area is stronger and sharper than in the preceding
species. Hind wing white from costa to vein R,, termen and posterior half suffused
with bister, more densely towards margins; subterminal fascia white, slender
and deeply lunulate ; underside pale buff, termen lightly suffused and veins spotted
bister ; in the male there is a hair tuft similar to that of C. tvemodes. Distinguished
from that species by the paler brown colour of the wings, the better marked
subterminal fascia on the fore wing and by the whiter hind wing.

InpIA : Khasia Hills, 2 3, 4 9, including holotype and allotype.

Calocalpe titubata Prout
(Pl. 34: A)

3 45-46 mm. ; 247-50 mm. Rather larger than C. tremodes, but similar in colour
and pattern, though the latter is ill-defined ; subterminal fascia white, slender, not
so conspicuously marked as in either tremodes or anestia. Hind wing almost
uniformly drab, the costal area paler, especially in the female. Differs from tvemodes
in the sacculus and the juxta of the male genitalia ; in t#twbata the sacculus has two
arms, one short and one long ; in tvemodes both arms are short and of about equal
length ; in é#tubata the juxta is bilobate ; in tremodes it is shaped as a plate.

InpIA : Sikkim, Yatong (Bingham), 3 3, 3 2, including holotype and allotype.

TIBET : Kama Valley, 11,500 ft., 24.vi.1922 (E. F. Norton), i 3.

Calocalpe valentula Prout
(Pl. 34: A)

32 48-52 mm. Fore wing dark olive gray, very lightly irrorate with straw
yellow ; centre of medial area broadly pale olive buff from costa to lower median
vein, where it is tinged with straw yellow ; postmedial fascia double, slender and
lunulate, the proximal line white, the distal straw yellow, marked clearly near
costa then as pairs of spots on the veins ; subterminal fascia white, slender and
lunulate, variable in degree of marking, but always represented by two large white
spots between veins R, and M, and one between M, and SM, ; fringes chequered
smoke gray and white. Hind wing smoke gray, termen broadly dark olive gray ;

postmedial fascia double and pale olive buff, subterminal fascia white and lunulate, —

broadly marked on costa. Underside of both wings smoke gray, medial and terminal
areas rather darker ; subterminal fascia white and punctiform on both wings, the
spots large and conspicuous posterior of vein R, on the fore wing ; hind wing of male
with a dense hair tuft in the distal five-eighths of interspace 1b. Differs from the
closely related C. tvistis Prout (1914) in the paler gray colour of the wings and the
very conspicuous white subterminal spots. Differs also in the male genitalia,
which are very distinctive, especially in the shape of the labides, which broaden
strongly to about the middle, then taper to the apex and are covered with hair ;
the uncus is broader-based than in éristis, tapering to a rounded apex ; the tegumen
is also broader ; saccus small but shallower than in ¢vistis, not so pointed ; valve

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 377

more rounded, hairy ; sacculus similarly developed ; juxta not so deeply cleft nor
so wide.

W. Curina : Ta-tsien-lou (Chasseurs indigénes), 24 3, 5 2 including holotype and
allotype ; Szechuan, Sunpanting, 1 J ; Upper Yang-tse-kiang, I g.

THIBET : Frontiére orientale (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 4 3 ; Tchang-Kou,
eté 1892 (Chasseurs chinois), I 3.

Stamnodes spectatissima Prout
(PI. 34: C)

2 49-50 mm. Proximal third of fore wing fuscous ; distal third fuscous at costa,
this fuscous area tapering tornad to a point at vein SM ; costa fuscous ; basal,
antemedial, postmedial and subterminal fasciae broadly white, but marked only
between the costa and the subcostal vein ; between the ante- and postmedial fasciae
an area of fuscous extends from the costa to vein R, ; remainder of wing ochraceous
tawny. Proximal half of hind wing fuscous ; costa and termen slenderly fuscous ;
remainder of wing ochraceous tawny. Readily distinguishable by its colour and
very large size.

W. Curna : Ta-tsien-lou, 1898 (Chasseurs indigénes), holotype 2 ; Yunnan (George
Forest), I 9.

Stamnodes depeculata lamarum Prout
(Pl-343D)

Differs from other races of depeculata Lederer (1869) in colour ; the ground colour
of the wings is cartridge buff ; the basal, costal, medial and apical markings of the
fore wing are drab.

TIBET : Tasam, Rongshar Valley, 12,000 ft., 20. vi.1924 (Maj. R. W. G. Hingston),
holotype 2; Nyenyam, 12,500 ft., 16.vii.1g21 (A. F. R. Wollaston), 1 9.

Docirava distata Prout
(Pl. 34 : E)

6 41 mm. Fore wing drab, the medial area rather darker and the costa very
lightly irrorate with old rose ; antemedial fascia straight, cinnamon brown distally,
warm buff proximally ; postmedial fascia slightly sinuous, cinnamon brown proxi-
mally, warm buff distally ; cell spot white ; underside with costa warm buff, sub-
costal area and distal part of radial veins old rose and the remainder of the wing
drab. Hind wing cartridge buff with a clearly marked, drab medial fascia curved
parallel to the termen ; underside cream colour densely irrorate with old rose,
except at termen. Closely related to D. affinis Warren (1894) as is shown by the
white cell spot and the course of the ante- and postmedial fasciae on the upperside
of the fore wing and by the bright pink and drab underside of both wings ; differs
in the fore wing by the browner ground colour, the greatly reduced pink irroration

378 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

and by the cinnamon brown edging to the transverse fasciae. Differs in the hind
wing by the better marked, curved medial fascia.

TrpET: Kama Valley, Saki-thung, 12,000 ft., 22.vi.1g22 (E. F. Norton),
holotype 3.

Carsia emphracta Prout
(Pl. 34: E)

3 34mm. Near Docirava postochrea Hampson (1895) in size, shape and general
pattern. Fore wing drab gray patterned with sayal brown to tawny olive ; sub-basal
fascia slender, excurved ; antemedial less curved proximad at inner margin than in
D. postochrea, broad at costa, tapered posteriorly and strongly toothed distad on
median vein ; postmedial fascia broader at apex than inner margin, sinuous and
toothed distad between veins R, and M,; terminal area irrorate with fuscous,
densely and broadly between veins M, and R,, whence this terminal shade narrows
sharply to apex ; cell spot elongate. Underside drab ; cell spot as on upperside ;
costa bright clay colour, largely underlined with rose pink, broadening to reach
the distal areole and vein R,; distal margin suffused with rose pink in anterior
half. Hind wing tilleul buff; underside rose pink with an ill-defined, postmedial
fascia of bright clay colour.

BurMA: 28° 8’ N., 97° 24’ E., 1,000 ft., 29.vi.1926 (F. Kingdon Ward),
holotype 3.

Loxofidonia sigmata Prout
(Pl. 34 : G)

dg 20-25 mm. Similar in size and pattern to L. bareconia Swinhoe (1894). In

the male the fore wing differs in the suffusion of the costa and the space between

the basal and medial areas with dark olive buff; the distal margin of the basal
area is less sharply toothed in the cell and the medial area is divided and edged

by fasciae of glossy plumbeous. The distal third of the wing, white in the male ©

of bareconia, is irrorate with plumbeous. In the female the distal third of the fore
wing and the whole of the hind wing is suffused with fuscous black.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 3;
Koelawi Paloe, 3,100 ft., iii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3; Paloe, Loda, 4,000 ft.,
v.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3 : Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis),
2 4, I 8 allotype.

Loxofidonia sigmata lipernes Prout

g 22 mm. Differs from the nominate subspecies in the loss of the plumbeous
fascia in the medial area. Proximad of the medial area the plumbeous irroration
is replaced by dark olive buff.

DutcuH New GuinEA : Fak-Fak, 1,700 ft., xii.1907 (Pratt), holotype ¢.

ee rl ee eee ee eee

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 379

Sterrhochaeta lamia Prout
(Pl. 36 : A)

Frons and head warm buff: thorax and abdomen cinnamon drab. Fore wing
cinnamon drab, the veins and the cell area lightly irrorate with warm buff ; basal
fascia, boldly bowed between costa and subcostal vein and between median and
submedian veins, warm buff edged proximally with fuscous ; ante- and postmedial
’ fasciae warm buff, the former edged proximally, the latter edged distally with
fuscous anterior of the median vein ; posterior of this vein the medial area is narrowed
by one half and uniformly fuscous ; subterminal fascia represented by longitudinal
fuscous streaks between veins R, and Rk, and between R, and M, ; termen slenderly
fuscous ; fringes warm buff proximally, mouse gray distally. Hind wing cartridge
buff and glossy; fringes irrorate with mouse gray. Related to S. semiradiata
Warren (1907), but distinguished from it by the narrowed and uniformly fuscous
posterior half of the medial area.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., 1.1911
(A. S. Meek), 8 3, 4 9, including holotype and allotype.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., i1.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 2 9.

Sterrhochaeta rectilineata diffidens Prout
(PL. 36: A)

Differs from other races of rectilineata Warren (1898) in the suffusion of the
posterior third of the fore wing, between veins R, and Rs, with russet and in having
the hind wing uniformly cartridge buff.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GulInEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i-i1. 1911
(A. S. Meek), 2 3, including holotype.

Sterrhochaeta rectilineata curvifera Prout

Distinguished from other races of rectilineata Warren (1898) by the colour and
pattern of the fore wing ; the postmedial fascia is bowed distad between veins R,
and R, ; the basal area is edged distally and the medial area is edged both proximally
and distally with bright ferruginous ; distad of the medial area the wing is uniformly
deep brownish drab.

NEw HANOVER : ii-iv.1923 (A. S. Meek), 3 9, including holotype.

Sterrhochaeta rectilineata indirecta subsp. n.

Distinguished from other races of rectilineata Warren (1898) by the suffusion of
both wings with drab to wood brown ; as a result the pattern on the fore wing is
_ ill-defined, the basal area being scarcely traceable and the hind wing has a uniformly

smoky appearance.
W. CELEBES : Paloe, Sidaonta, 4,500 ft., vi.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 9.

380 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Sterrhochaeta fulgurata mera Prout

Differs from f. fulgurata Warren (1906) in the straighter, white, transverse fasciae ;
the tooth at vein R, in the postmedial fascia of the fore wing of the nominate
subspecies is wanting in this race.

British NEw GUINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., i.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.),
5 2, including holotype.

Sterrhochaeta tanaorrhina Prout
(Pl. 36 : B)

g 25mm. Face and thorax orange rufous, the latter with a longitudinal white
streak in posterior half; head and abdomen cartridge buff irrorate with orange
rufous. Fore wing cartridge buff irrorate with orange rufous and russet ; basal and
medial areas russet ; basal fascia white edged proximally and distally with a few
black scales ; ante- and postmedial fasciae white, the former edged distally, the
latter edged proximally with black; postmedial fascia strongly bulged distad
between veins R, and M, ; subterminal fascia black and dentate, but poorly defined ;
there are two apical streaks of white. Hind wing cartridge buff, termen and fringes
warm buff. Distinguished from other species in the genus by the shape of the
postmedial fascia.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3.

Sterrhochaeta aphanisis Prout
(Pl. 36 : B)

g§ 21 mm. Fore wing maize yellow ; basal and terminal areas densely irrorate
with light grayish vinaceous ; the antemedial fascia extends diagonally from one-
third costa to two-thirds inner margin to fuse with the postmedial fascia, which
extends directly from two-thirds costa ; both fasciae are light grayish vinaceous ;
cell spot black ; apex black with a little white irroration at the tip and two white

_—S UU

spots on the proximal edge. Hind wing ivory yellow; postmedial fascia and —
terminal area very lightly irrorate with light grayish vinaceous. Distinguished

at once from other species of Sterrhochaeta by the black apex to the fore wing.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911

(A. S. Meek), holotype 2.

Sterrhochaeta leucosphena Prout
(Pl. 36: C)

$2 20 mm. Face, head, thorax and abdomen white or cartridge buff irrorate
with fuscous, the abdomen also lightly irrorate with amber yellow. Fore wing
white irrorate with fuscous ; basal area densely fuscous, toothed distad in cell and
submedian folds ; medial area densely fuscous, proximal margin sinuous and deeply
incised mediad in the cell and submedian folds, distal margin bulged boldly terminad

|

.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 381

between veins R, and M, ; a large, fuscous, costal spot is situate just before the apex
and fuses with a similar terminal spot between veins R, and R,; antemedial,
postmedial and terminal fasciae slenderly amber yellow ; fringes chequered white
and fuscous. Hind wing tilleul buff, very lightly irrorate with drab. As with
most species of Sterrhochaeta, readily distinguished by colour and pattern.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3 and allotype 9.

Sterrhochaeta biflexa Prout
(PL. 36°C)

62 16-19 mm. Fore wing light purple drab lightly irrorate with fuscous ; basal
area more strongly fuscous, the distal margin edged with light buff; medial area
densely irrorate with fuscous, the proximal and distal margins sinuous and edged
_ with light buff ; terminal area more or less irrorate with fuscous and with a broad,
light buff streak on vein R,; a slender, dentate, light buff subterminal fascia is
present in some examples; cell spot black ; termen fuscous between the veins ;
fringes light buff proximally, fuscous distally. Hind wing weakly and uniformly
light purple drab ; cell spot and postmedial fascia faintly fuscous. The colour, the
pattern and especially the broad, pale streak on vein R, on the fore wing serve to
distinguish this species from the closely related S. ineola Warren (1903).

CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A. S. Meek) holotype ¢ and allotype 9.

British NEw GUINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., iv.1g18 (Eichhorn Bros.),
I 2; Biagi, Mambare R., 5,000 ft., iii. 1906 (A. S. Meek), 1 9.

Desmoclystia abata Prout
(1157302)

Q22mm. The male is unknown but the species probably belongs to the unipuncta
_ Warren (1906) section of the genus ; the fore wing has more definite reddish bands
than in that species ; there is some white in the basal area and a broad, irregularly
_ shaped, white, medial area ; postmedial fascia slender and white, differently shaped
from that of unipuncta ; subterminal fascia interrupted at the veins, but without a
- conspicuously large, white spot between veins R, and M, as in unipuncta ; fringes
_ reddish proximally, chequered white and fuscous distally. Hind wing drab, fringes
reddish.

CENTRAL DutTcH NEw GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype @.

Desmoclystia abbreviata Prout
(PI,36'--E)

$62 12 mm. Palpus, frons, head and thorax black ; collar and abdomen dark
olive buff. Fore wing : basal and terminal fifths fuscous, the latter area tapering
tornad ; medial area fuscous, broad at costa, interrupted in cell area, narrowing

ENTOM. 6, 12. 21

382 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

and failing at submedian fold ; remainder of wing dark olive buff. Hind wing
drab. Related to D. nigribasis Warren (1906), but distinguished by its very small
size, the colour and pattern of the fore wing and the uniformly dark hind wing.
CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., —
ii.rg1r (A. S. Meek), holotype 3. 7
British NEw GuINEA: Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., i.1g18 (Eichhorn Bros.),
allotype .

Desmoclystia oniria Prout
(Pl. 36 : F)

3 20-22 mm.; 9 25 mm. Cilia of male antenna equal in length to one-third of —
the diameter of the shaft ; those of the female minute. Frons, thorax and abdomen .
russet suffused with fuscous ; head russet. Fore wing tawny to russet crossed by
many slender, glossy fasciae, each fascia smoke gray lightly irrorate with black —
and white ; subterminal fascia black and dentate, enlarged into spots between the 1
veins and edged distally with white ; cell spot slender and oblique, russet ; fringes |
white proximally, russet distally. Hind wing uniformly drab ; fringes cinnamon —
buff. Distinguished from other species in the genus by the glossy pattern of the
fore wing.

CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long.,
i-ii.1g11 (A. S. Meek), 4 3, I 9, including holotype and allotype.

Desmoclystia aypna Prout
(Pl. 36: F)

6 24mm.; 228 mm. Male antenna subdentate with fascicles of cilia twice as
long as the diameter of the shaft; female antenna minutely ciliate. Fore wing |
tawny more or less irrorate with white ; basal fourth russet irrorate with fuscous ;
medial area acutely angled on vein R, and composed of many slender fasciae of
fuscous, russet and white ; termen with interneural, fuscous spots or streaks edged ©
proximally with white, larger in anterior half of wing ; cell spot fuscous ringed with —
tawny ; fringes tawny proximally, chequered white and russet distally with fuscous ~
spots at the vein ends. Hind wing tilleul buff irrorate with fuscous ; fringes ~
cinnamon buff. Related to D. omiria, but differing in its larger size, more clearly —
defined basal and medial areas, paler hind wing and the structure of the male
antennae. .

CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ©
i-ii.1g11 (A. S. Meek), 1 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype.

Chaetolopha tafa Prout
(Pl. 36 : H)

q
g 20-22 mm. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff irrorate with .
warm sepia. Fore wing: basal area, bowed distally, warm sepia ; medial area, ~

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 383

tapered posteriorly, with proximal margin slightly toothed basad on median vein
and distal margin incised mediad between veins R, and Rk, and lunulate, strongly
between veins R, and M, and between M, and M,, warm sepia with two light buff
flecks at costa ; distal fourth of wing warm sepia divided by the white, subterminal
fascia ; an apical streak, white irrorate medially with light orange yellow, extends
diagonally almost to the postmedial fascia ; a lateral streak, between veins R, and
M,, extends from the termen almost to the postmedial fascia ; antemedial fascia
light buff irrorate with light orange yellow, narrowed medially and with a spot of
warm sepia medially at the costa and at the inner margin ; postmedial fascia white
irrorate distally with light orange yellow ; fringes chequered warm sepia and white.
Hind wing white irrorate with drab ; postmedial fascia broad and curved parallel
to the termen, subterminal fascia punctiform, both pale and ill-defined ; fringes
as on fore wing. Related to C. ornatipennis Warren (1906), but differing in the
darker colour of the basal, medial and terminal areas, the almost complete suppres-
sion of pale irroration and spotting in the medial area and the reduction of the
yellow colouring on the fore wing.
Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 2 3, including holotype.

Chaetolopha turbinata Prout
(PL°36'>H)

6 19-20 mm. ; 9 22-23 mm. Palpus, frons and thorax light orange yellow irrorate
with ochraceous orange ; tegulae warm sepia ; first abdominal segment light orange
yellow, remainder of abdomen ochraceous orange, each segment edged posteriorly
with white and irrorate laterally with warm sepia. Fore wing patterned similarly
to the preceding species ; the subcostal area, between the base of the wing and the
postmedial fascia, is densely irrorate with ochraceous orange; the antemedial
fascia thus commences at the subcostal vein and its medial spot at the inner margin
is ochraceous orange instead of warm sepia ; distal margin of the medial area very
gently and evenly lunulate for its entire length ; the distal half of the postmedial
fascia is ochraceous orange and the subterminal fascia is edged distally with the
same colour. The hind wing is densely irrorate with fuscous, the termen lightly
irrorate with ochraceous orange in some examples ; postmedial fascia very slender,
parallel to the termen and weakly defined. Fringes on both wings fuscous with a
little white scaling distally between the veins.

CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long.,

Chaetolopha ornatipennis nepenthes Prout
(Pl 3621)

225 mm. Rather larger and much paler than 0. ornatipennis Warren (1906) ;
palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen white densely irrorate with warm buff,
the abdominal segments white posteriorly. On the fore wing the basal area shades
from straw yellow at the base of the wing, through ochraceous orange to warm

384 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

sepia at its distal margin ; the terminal third of the wing is similarly coloured ; the

medial area is reduced and encloses a large, white cell spot ; the antemedial fascia

is broad and straw yellow and is edged slenderly both proximally and distally with

white ; the postmedial fascia, also broad and straw yellow, is edged proximally

with white. Hind wing light buff suffused with drab; postmedial fascia broad

and faintly indicated by a light straw yellow and ochraceous orange suffusion.
NEw IRELAND : xi.1923 (A. F. Ezchhorn), holotype Q.

Chaetolopha ornatipennis anomala Prout

2 23 mm. Differs from the closely related ornatipennis peregrina Prout (1929)
in the fore wing, in the greater admixture of ochraceous orange in the basal, medial
and terminal areas, in the better marked white, subterminal fascia and in the
fringes, which are chequered white and fuscous. The hind wing is paler with a
broad, though ill-defined postmedial fascia.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., 1. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype 9.

Propithex glaucisparsa scintillulata Prout

Differs from g. glaucisparsa Prout (1932) in the amount and in the distribution
of the iridescent gray-blue scales on the fore wing. The antemedial band is edged
proximally and the postmedial band is edged distally with a double, lunulate fascia
of iridescent gray-blue scales ; the single, lunulate, subterminal fascia and apical
streak are similarly coloured ; the iridescent gray-blue irroration of the apex and
terminal areas of the nominate subspecies is wanting and that of the medial area is
confined to the anterior fourth.

MarayA : Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,300 ft., 27.ix.1932 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype ¢; Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 4,000 ft., 28.1.1929 (H. M. Pendlebury), 19;
Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 8,800 ft., 24.vi.1935 (H. M. Pendlebury), allotype 9.

Carbia calefacta Prout
(Pl. 36 : K)
Carbia calescens Walker Prout nec Walker, 1932, J. F.M.S., 17 : 60.

Q 20-24 mm. Generally smaller than C. calescens Walker (1866), which is closely
related. The fore wing is not quite so broad and the termen is less strongly rounded ;
the distal half is suffused with ochraceous orange ; the white ante- and postmedial
fasciae are broader and more closely approximate; the subterminal fascia in
calescens is lunulate ; in calefacta the proximal edge is straight from the costa to
vein M, and the black marking proximad of it is cut by the ochraceous orange
radial veins ; in calescens the black marking is entire. In both species the hind
wing is ochraceous orange with a fuscous anal margin marked in light buff with the
beginnings of the transverse fasciae.

ee

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 385

NortH Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu, Marei Parei, 5,000 ft., 30.iv.1929 (H. M.
Pendlebury), holotype 2 ; Serambi, xii.1908 (R. Shalford), 1 9.

SARAWAK : Kuching, 6.xi.1900 (R. Shalford), I &.

SINGAPORE : (H. N. Ridley), 1 9.

Puto Laut : (Doherty), I .

Pomasia parerga Prout
(PI, 36°; K)

Very similar in size and pattern to P. denticlathrata Warren (1893), but differs
on the upperside of the fore wing, which has the distal third suffused with ochraceous
buff. The underside of both wings is uniformly ochraceous orange, distinguishing
the species at a glance from its allies.

InpDIA : Khasia Hills, xi.1894 (Native coll.), holotype 3; tbhid., vii.1894, I dg;
ibid., without date, 4 3, 4 2; zbid., (Nissary), 1 2; Assam, Digboi (L. Brunt), 1 2;
Cherrapunji, i ¢; zbid., ix.1893, I 9.

BHUTAN : I Q.

S. SHAN STATES : Kalaur, 4,000 ft., I ¢.

Eccymatoge callizona (Lower) ab. abiens Prout
(PE37 <4)

Hydriomena brujata Guenée Meyrick nec Guenée, 1891, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 5: 855.

Differs from typical callizona Lower (1984) in the loss of the cartridge buff colouring
from the first abdominal segment and from the basal and terminal areas of the
fore wing. The cartridge buff, subterminal, interneural spots on both wings
remain, that between veins R, and M, on each wing being larger than the others,
especially so on the fore wing.

AUSTRALIA : Queensland (ex. coll. Swinhoe), holotype 2; Victoria (E. Anderson),
I 9; sine loc. (E. Anderson), 1 3.

Collix adamata Prout
(Pl. 37: A)

2 39 mm. Palpus warm buff irrorate with bister. Frons, head, thorax and
abdomen bister. Fore wing bister ; costa irrorate with warm buff, especially distad
of the postmedial fascia, which is rather darker than the ground colour and very
faintly marked, principally on the veins ; distad of the postmedial fascia the veins
are marked each with a pair of warm buff spots ; subterminal fascia warm buff at
costa, then marked as cartridge buff, interneural spots ; terminal spots at the vein
ends also cartridge buff. Hind wing similarly marked, except for the warm buff
costal irroration, which is wanting. Cell spots on both wings fuscous ringed with
cartridge buff. Related to C. suffusca Warren (1907), from which it differs in its
larger size, lack of vinaceous sheen and in the bister irroration of the palpus.

S. W. CELEBES : G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A.
Kalis) holotype 9.

386 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Collix rhabdoneura Prout
(Pl. 37 : C)

3 32 mm. Antenna very minutely ciliate. Palpus one and one-half times as
long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, and thorax cartridge buff densely
irrorate with bister ; abdomen similar, but also irrorate with cinnamon. Fore wing
bister ; costal region mottled with cinnamon, the beginnings of the transverse
fasciae marked in black ; terminal area bister divided by the white, punctiform,
subterminal fascia ; between the level of the DC and the bister terminal area, the
veins are cinnamon and there is some cinnamon mottling between veins Sc, and M, ;
cell mark small, almost confined to the DC. Hind wing similar, except that the
costal markings are wanting. Similar in size to C. ghosha Walker (1862), but
differing in the bright cinnamon mottling and marking of the veins.

MatayaA : Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 4-5,000 ft., 10. vi.1935 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype 3.

Collix ghosha mayri Prout

Differs from g. ghosha Walker (1862) in having the upperside of the wings dark
and weakly marked, as in only rare aberrations of the nominate subspecies in
Ceylon and India.

NEw GuInEA : Arfak, Mt. Siwi, 800 m., iv-vi.1928 (Dr. E. Mayr), 3 3, including
holotype.

Collix dichobathra puncticulata Prout

Differs from d. dichobathra Prout (1931) in the warmer, brown instead of gray
ground colour of the wings ; in d. dichobathra the ground colour is drab to drab-gray ;
in d. puncticulata it is bright pinkish cinnamon and the pattern is rather spottily
marked, recalling C. multifilata Warren (1896).

AUSTRALIA : Queensland, Kuranda, 1907 (Dodd), 2 3, 1 9, including holotype
and allotype ; 7bzd., 1910, 3 9; thbid., 1911, 2 2; thid., 1913, I 9 ; Cairns Dist. (F. P.
Dodd), 2 3.

Collix dichobathra puncticulata {. anaxia Prout

Distad of the clearly marked, double, dentate antemedial fascia both wings are
lightly but evenly irrorate with drab ; the postmedial fascia is slender and bister ;
distad of and parallel to it there is a broad, pale fascia ; all other pattern is suppressed.

AUSTRALIA : Brisbane (M. Culpin), holotype 2; Brisbane, 1900 (A. J. Turner),
I g; Brisbane, Taylor Range (fF. P. Dodd), 1 9.

Exodezia gen. n.

Frons with small, pointed cone below. Palpus two and one-half times as long as
the diameter of the eye, second segment rough-scaled. Tongue developed. Male
antenna almost simple, laterally compressed. Pectus scarcely hairy. Femur

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 387

glabrous. Fore wing slightly less long-winged than in most Collix ; costa rounded
near apex, termen smooth ; cell less than one-half as long as wing, rather longer
posteriorly ; DC very oblique ; areole double, the distal one long ; vein Sc, from
areole, Sc,_, stalked, Sc, from areole ; R, from upper angle of cell, R, from middle
of DC, R, and M, closely approximate. Hind wing weakly Collix-shaped ; cell
less than one-half as long as wing ; DC curved to become oblique posteriorly ; C
anastomosed to close to end of cell ; Sc, and R, stalked, R, from anterior of middle
of DC, R, and M, closely approximate. The genitalia show a close relationship
to those of the type species of Collix, C. ghosha Walker (1862). Differs from that
genus chiefly in coloration and pattern, the less dentate hind wing and the closer
approximation of veins R, and M,.
Type species : Eulype albifusa Swinhoe (1904).

Horisme brooksi Prout
(Peg 2h)

6 22 mm. Frons and head bister. Thorax and abdomen white, the latter
lightly irrorate with bister. Fore wing light buff irrorate with a few scattered,
bister scales ; basal fourth of costa bister; ante- and postmedial fasciae bister,
broadly and heavily marked at costa, very faintly marked at inner margin and
failing completely medially ; terminal fourth of wing russet and bister, the russet
being more brightly marked proximad of the slender, pale buff, subterminal fascia,
which divides this area; cell spot weakly marked, bister. Hind wing pale buff
lightly irrorate with bister ; basal fascia broad, postmedial slender, both bister and
ill-defined ; terminal fourth marked as on fore wing, except that the proximal part
is broader and bright russet in the anterior and posterior thirds, failing medially ;
the terminal part is slender and less broken medially ; cell spot large, ovate and
bister. Underside of both wings white; antemedial fascia and termen of fore
wing, postmedial and subterminal fasciae on both wings evenly and smoothly
fuscous ; cell spots fuscous ; subcostal, median and submedian veins and veins
Sc;, R,, M, and M, on the fore wing broadly yellow ocher ; hind wing, except
submedian vein, similarly marked. Similar in underside pattern and colour to
H. flavovenata Leech (1897) and to Echthrocollix minuta Butler (1881), but distin-
guished by the colour and pattern of the upperside of the wings; similar in the
pattern and colour of the upperside of the wings to H. rufipicta Hampson (1895),
but distinguished by the brightly coloured underside.

SUMATRA : Dempo, 4,000 ft., viili.1923 (C. J. Brooks), holotype 3.

Horisme hyperythra catalalia Prout

The upperside of both wings differs from h. hyperythra Hampson (1897) in the
darker, less reddish colour ; the underside differs in the acute angling of the postmedial
fascia on vein R, on the hind wing and in the paler ground colour of both wings.

Formosa : Rantaizan, 10.v.1909 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢ ; ibid., 15.v.1909,
IQ ;tbid., v.1909, I 3; tbid., iv. 1906, I g ; tbid., 7,500 ft., 9.v.1909, I 9 ; Kanshirei,
27 .iv.1908 (A. E. Wileman), 1 3; ibid., 1,000 ft., 19.iv.1906, I 3.

388 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Horisme erythroides Prout
(PL 37°>G)

gd 38 mm. Palpus, head and frons pinkish buff with a few scattered fuscous
scales. Thorax and abdomen pinkish buff irrorate with fuscous and lightly with
vinaceous tawny. Fore wing pinkish buff densely irrorate with fuscous and vinaceous
tawny, except just distad of the DC, at three-quarters of the wing between the costa
and vein R, and terminally at the apex, tornus and between veins R, and M,.
Hind wing : costa tilleul buff, anal margin warm buff, remainder of wing pinkish
buff evenly irrorate with fuscous and vinaceous tawny ; basal, antemedial and
subterminal fasciae double, postmedial fascia single, all slender and fuscous.
Underside of both wings tilleul buff evenly irrorate with drab; postmedial and
subterminal fasciae faintly marked with more densely irrorate drab ; costa of fore
wing warm buff. Similar in size and elongate wing-shape to H. jirtivena Warren
(1906), but readily distinguished from that species by its distinctive pattern.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype ¢.

Horisme invicta Prout

2 35-38 mm. Although the male is unknown, the position of the species is
evidently close to H. hyperythra Hampson (1897) ; it is larger than the largest
specimens of that species, the fore wing is relatively broader, the hind wing more
crenulate, thus nearer to H. boarmiata Snellen (1881), which it further resembles
in the much less bent postmedial fascia, particularly noticeable on the strongly
marked underside, where however it does not arise from a darker costal spot as in
boarmiata. Ground colour of both wings dark olive buff lightly irrorate with
vinaceous cinnamon ; the pattern is almost exactly as in hyperythra, that of the fore
wing being marked in bister and that of the hind wing in vinaceous cinnamon. The
hind wing is even more suffused with vinaceous cinnamon than in hyperythra and
the characteristic course of the broad and strongly marked postmedial fascia of
that species is closely followed, though there is a very faint additional indentation
at vein R,. Underside of both wings vinaceous cinnamon ; cell spot and postmedial
fascia on both fore and hind wing fuscous.

W. SuMmATRA : Korinchi, 7,300 ft., v.1914 (Robinson & Kloss), 2 9, including
holotype.

Horisme boarmiata serangica Prout

$ 38 mm.; 939 mm. Larger than 0. boarmiata Snellen (1881), which has a wing-
span of 28-34mm. The white markings on the patagia, the first abdominal segment
and the wings of the nominate subspecies are warm buff in serangica.

CENTRAL CERAM: Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii.1g19g (C. F. & J. Pratt), holotype
¢g and allotype 9.

Horisme semirufata goliathi Prout

Differs from s. semirufata Warren (1906) in the more direct, lunulate, postmedial
fascia on the fore wing ; it extends directly from Sc, to six-sevenths inner margin,

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 389

is boldly lunulate and toothed strongly and sharply proximad on the veins between
the lunules ; in the nominate subspecies the postmedial fascia is weakly lunulate
between veins R,; and M,, thence extends directly to five-sevenths inner margin,
being weakly toothed proximad on the submedian vein only.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long.,
i-i.1g1I (A. S. Meek), 1 3 2 9, including holotype and allotype.

Horisme steretica Prout
(Pi 37-24)

3 34-36mm. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen buff pink irrorate with testaceous.
Fore wing buff pink suffused with testaceous, especially between the basal and
antemedial fasciae and in the terminal sixth; costa and subcostal area lightly
irrorate with fuscous ; antemedial fascia acutely angled in the cell area, warm buff
slenderly edged both proximally and distally with maroon; postmedial fascia,
similarly composed, gently lunulate from costa to vein FR incurved and then almost
straight from M, to the inner margin; several very slender, warm buff fasciae
cross the medial area, with a conspicuous, warm buff spot at the junction of veins
R, and M, ; subterminal fascia white and punctiform, the spot between veins R,
and M, being very large ; terminal spots at the vein ends warm buff, those on Rs,
M, and the submedian vein extending broadly across the terminal area. Hind
wing tilleul buff in costal third, termen and posterior two-thirds irrorate, densely
towards margins, with testaceous ; ante- and postmedial fasciae buff pink edged
anteriorly and posteriorly with maroon and black, weakly marked and failing
costad ; subterminal fascia white and punctiform ; terminal spots at the vein ends
warm buff and of equal size. In one specimen the medial area of the fore wing is
edged broadly and the centre irrorate with black, posterior of the discal fold.
Related to H. semirufata Warren (1906), but distinguished by its large size, its
almost uniformly warm pink colour and by the presence of entire ante- and
postmedial fasciae.

CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long.,
i-ii.1g1r (A. S. Meek), 5 dg, including holotype.

Horisme anguligera (Butler) ab. bipartita Prout
pelea)

Fore wing : anterior of a line from the apex to two-sevenths of the inner margin
the wing is light buff, lightly irrorate with fuscous along the costa ; posterior of
it the wing is drab irrorate with fuscous, the light buff, postmedial fascia being
marked only between veins R, and M, and at the inner margin. Hind wing : costa
and postmedial fascia broadly, subterminal fascia slenderly light buff ; remainder of
wing drab irrorate with fuscous and transversed by several slender, fuscous fasciae.

NEW ZEALAND : Wellington, 4 ¢, including holotype ; Arthurs Pass, 1 ¢.

390 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Horisme labeculata deviaria Prout

Differs from 1. labeculata Prout (1932) in the course of the dentate antemedial
fascia on the fore wing, which is angled distad on the discal and submedian folds and
proximad on the median vein ; in the nominate subspecies this fascia forms an almost
regular curve. Differs also in the hind wing, which has a broad, drab, terminal
band.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 3 3, 4 9, including holotype
and allotype.

Parazoma semifusca swanni Prout
(Pl. 38 : D)

Differs from s. semifusca Warren (1896) in colour and pattern ; on the fore wing
the ground colour is less irrorate with fuscous, resulting in the sharp definition of
the basal and medial areas ; the subterminal band, which in the nominate subspecies
extends broadly from the costa almost to vein Rg, is in swannt cut by a broad streak
of the ground colour along vein R,. On the hind wing the broad, fuscous terminal
band of the nominate subspecies is wanting.

BurMa : Htawgaw, iii.1923 (A. E. Swann), 2 3 including holotype.

Physetobasis dentifascia kachinica subsp. n.

g 25mm. Smaller than d. dentifascia Hampson (1895), which has a wing span of
29-30 mm.; also darker, both wings are more densely suffused with bister, resulting
in the subterminal fascia on the fore wing becoming but faintly discernable.

NE. Burma : Htawgaw, 6,000 ft., vii.1923 (A. E. Swann), holotype 3.

Physetobasis dentifascia rectipendens subsp. n.
(Pl. 38 : E)

g 28mm. Rather a pale race ; ground colour of both wings light drab ; basal and
terminal areas suffused with drab. On the fore wing the medial fascia is drab ;
basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae black, the antemedial edged proximally and the
basal and postmedial fasciae edged distally with white ; basal fascia broken between
median vein and vein SM, ; antemedial marked from costa to vein SC and then as
three spots, one each on the median vein, vein SM, and at the inner margin ;
postmedial fascia broad from costa to vein Sc,, then slender to M,, being toothed
proximad along the radial veins ; cell spot ovate and black, slenderly margined
with white. Hind wing light drab, a little paler costad ; postmedial fascia black,
toothed proximad on the veins and edged slenderly with white distally ; cell spot
elongate and fuscous. Subterminal fascia on both wings white and faintly marked.

LoweER BurMA: v.1914 (Ff. M. Mackwood), holotype 3.

Physetobasis dentifascia kiunkiangana subsp. n.

229mm. Ground colour and colour of pattern on both wings similar to that of
the preceding subspecies. On the fore wing the basal fascia is broader costad ; the

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 391

antemedial fascia inclines towards the point where vein M, meets the termen, is
acutely angled in the discal fold and then fails ; postmedial fascia almost straight
from costa to vein R3, then fails, apart from a spot on vein M, ; cell spot ovate and
parallel to the antemedial fascia ; anterior third of medial area densely irrorate
with black.

CHINA : Kiunkiang, vi. 1887 (A. E. Pratt), holotype &.

Eupithecia raniata sp. n.
(PL-38..°8)

$2 19-23 mm. Cilia of male antennae a little longer than one-half of the diameter
of the shaft. Smaller and much darker than E. rajata Guenée (1858), which it
resembles in structure ; more glossy, the dark costal spots less developed ; transverse
fasciae, except subterminal, almost obsolete ; subterminal fascia white, irregular
and variable in strength of marking, its strongest angles near costa, its dot close to
the tornus cleanly white, though not, or scarcely, enlarged. Eighth sternum
weakly sclerotized, consisting of two gently tapered arms, which incline towards
each other for half of their length, then become parallel in the apical half.

Inp1A : Darjeeling, viii.1904, 1 g, 4 2, including holotype and allotype.

Eupithecia circumacta sp. n.
(Pigs 7H)

2 22 mm. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen fuscous irrorate with pale smoke
gray. Fore wing fuscous patterned with pale smoke gray ; basal fascia single and
broad ; antemedial and medial fasciae double, acutely angled in the discal fold,
then straight to the inner margin ; postmedial fascia straight from costa to vein
Sc;, then inclined terminad, acutely toothed on vein R,, thence straight to the
inner margin ; subterminal fascia very slender and dentate ; cell spot a large tuft
of fuscous scales ; in one example the lower angle of the cell is marked with a spot
of ochraceous tawny. Hind wing tilleul buff at costa; remainder irrorate with
fuscous ; cell spot and postmedial fascia of ground colour. Eighth sternum consists
of two slender, parallel arms, each tapered apicad. Similar in size, colour and
pattern to E. nuceistriga Bastelberger (1911) from Formosa, but lacking the inter-
rupted terminal area and the ochraceous tawny veins in the distal half of the fore
wing of that species.

INDIA : Darjeeling, viii.1904, 4 2, including holotype ; Sikkim, Tendong, 8,000 ft.,
I.viii.1886 (H. J. Elwes), 1 9; Sikkim (H. J. Elwes), 1 9; Sikkim, 29.ix.1889
(J. G. Pilcher), i 9.

Eupithecia albibaltea sp. n.

(P1238: Fi)

Similar in size, colour and pattern to E. tricrossa Prout (1926), but distinguished
from it by the presence of a slender, light buff band on the anterior edge of the first

392 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

abdominal segment and by the antemedial fascia, which is slender from the costa to
the cell fold, then acutely angled and much broadened to extend to three-quarters
of the inner margin ; the posterior part of this fascia appears at first glance to be a
broad, diagonal fascia extending from the cell spot almost to the base of the wing ;
the postmedial fascia is usually broad and single instead of slenderly double, as in
tricrossa.

Inp1A : Darjeeling, vii.1886 (H. J. Elwes), holotype 3; ibid. (Dr. Lidderdale),
Ig,192; Sikkim, 5,000 ft., vii.1886 (H. J. Elwes), 2 9 ; Sikkim, 7,000 ft., vii-vili. 1895
(J. G. Pilcher), 2 9.

Eupithecia pyricoetes sp. n.
(Pl. 38 : H)

62 20-21 mm. Frons, head; thorax and abdomen fuscous irrorate with smoke
gray. Fore wing fuscous; basal and antemedial fasciae broad, tilleul buff and
lightly irrorate with pale smoke gray ; sometimes the two fasciae are fused into a
broad band ; postmedial fascia double, the proximal line slender, the distal one
broad, tilleul buff irrorate with pale smoke gray ; medial area fuscous, the radial
and medial veins burnt sienna ; medial fascia sinuous and weakly marked ; distad
of the postmedial fascia the wing is fuscous and divided by a slender, dentate,
pale smoke gray subterminal fascia; there is some pale smoke gray irroration
between the subcostal and median veins ; cell spot large, tufted and fuscous. Hind
wing tilleul buff costally ; remainder of wing irrorate with fuscous ; cell spot small
and fuscous, weakly marked. Eighth sternum narrowed to one-half posteriorly
and bilobate at apex. A little larger than E. tricrossa Prout (1926) and distinguished
from it by the broad, pale margins to the almost uniformly fuscous medial band
with its burnt sienna radial and medial veins. —

Inp1A : Sikkim (H. J. Elwes), holotype 3; ibid., 7,000 ft., 1889 (O. Mller), x 9;
tbhid., ix.1909 (Ff. Moller), 1 3; tbid., 7,000 ft., vii.1895 (Pilcher), x 3.

Eupithecia peguensis sp. n.
(Pt, 382-3)

Q 25-27 mm. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen cinnamon buff lightly irrorate
with light drab. Fore wing cinnamon buff; postmedial fascia extends diagonally
from costa to vein Sc,, straight to R,, parallel to termen to M,, then sinuous to
inner margin, broadly light buff, slenderly divided and edged both proximally and
distally with fuscous ; subterminal fascia minutely punctiform, fuscous proximally
and white distally ; cell spot large, fuscous and tufted ; a broad, drab shade extends
diagonally from the terminal fourth of the costa to the second fifth of the inner
margin ; basal fifth of costa also drab. Hind wing tilleul buff, termen and anal
margin broadly cinnamon buff, the latter irrorate with fuscous. Similar in size
and wing shape to E. albisbumata Warren (1893), but distinguished from it by the
pattern and colour of the wings.

Burma : East Pegu, 4-5,000 ft., iii-iv.1890 (W. Doherty), 3 2, including holotype.

UpPER TONKIN : Prov. Laokay, Muong-Khuong, 900-1,000 m., I @.

a P—

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 393

Eupithecia albigutta sp. n.
(PI, 38. K)

223mm. Palpus bister and twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Frons
and head white. Thorax light buff, the tegulae tipped with white. Abdomen
light buff irrorate with bister and black. Fore wing cinnamon brown irrorate with
bister proximad of the postmedial fascia ; a large white spot is situate at the base
of the wing, posterior of subcostal vein ; basal and antemedial fasciae white, marked
only weakly at costa, submedian fold and at the inner margin ; medial fascia double,
marked only between costa and median vein and at the inner margin, the distal
line slender, the proximal broad and greatly enlarged in the cell area and enclosing
the tufted, bister cell spot ; postmedial fascia double, weakly marked between costa
and vein R, and at inner margin only ; subterminal fascia punctiform, white edged
distally with black, marked clearly only between veins R, and M, and in the
submedian fold. Hind wing tilleul buff ; termen cinnamon brown, broadly at costa,
tapering towards anal angle ; anal margin with three patches of bister, one at base,
one medially and one near anal angle ; veins light buff in distal half of wing. Rather
similar in general appearance to E. dolia West (1929) from the Philippine Islands,
but smaller and with a darker hind wing ; on the fore wing the clearly defined
medial area and subterminal fascia of that species is lacking and the proximal
two-thirds is irrorate with bister.

INDIA : Simla, 7,000 ft., x.1897 (Pilcher), holotype 9.

Eupithecia fulcrata sp. n.
(Pl. 38 : K)
Eupithecia ustata Moore Prout nec Moore, 1926, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 31: 319.

g 21mm. Palpus bister, one and three-quarter times as long as the diameter of
the eye. Frons, head, thorax and first abdominal segment white ; remainder of
abdomen white irrorate with cinnamon brown. Fore wing cinnamon brown, a
little darker, inclined to russet, proximad of the postmedial fascia ; costa broadly
bister in this part of the wing. Antemedial, medial and postmedial fasciae broadly
white at costa, then merging into the white area occupying the distal half of the cell
area ; the antemedial continues posteriorly to join the second white area occupying
the proximal half of the wing, posterior of the median vein ; subterminal fascia
punctiform and fuscous, edged distally with white ; cell spot elongate and fuscous.
Hind wing white, very lightly irrorate with cinnamon brown along the termen and
a little more densely along the anal margin. Differs from E. ustata Moore (1888)
in the longer palpus (in ustata it is equal to the diameter of the eye) ; in the fore
wing, with its paler, warmer brown colour and more extensive, though blurred,
white pattern and in the whiter, less irrorate hind wing.

NE. Burma : Htawgaw, 6,000 ft., iv-v.1923 (A. E. Swann), holotype ¢.

Eupithecia mundiscripta commundata subsp. n.

Differs from m. mundiscripta Warren (1907) in the warmer brown, distal third
and the darker, proximal two-thirds of the fore wing ; distad of the postmedial

394 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

fascia the drab irroration is reduced and the ochraceous tawny ground colour

predominates ; proximad of the postmedial fascia the wing is evenly irrorate with
fuscous.

NorTH Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu, v-viii.1903 (John Waterstradt), 6 9, including
holotype.

Eupithecia mundiscripta larutensis subsp. n.

On the fore wing the ochraceous tawny ground colour is pronounced in the distal
half ; the proximal half is white lightly irrorate with fuscous ; the costa is densely
irrorate with fuscous, but only to just proximad of the level of the cell spot.

Maraya : Perak, Larut Hills, 3,700 ft., 13.ii.1932 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 9.

Eupithecia excita sp. n.
(Pl. 39°: A)

g§ 16mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia three times as long as the diameter of the
shaft. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff, the abdomen irrorate
with fuscous laterally. Fore wing light buff irrorate with cinnamon buff; costa
fuscous in basal fifth and just before apex ; medial area irrorate with fuscous and a
little russet, and edged both proximally and distally with white ; distal fifth of wing,
posterior of vein R,, fuscous divided by a straight, white, subterminal fascia ;
cell spot wanting. Hind wing: proximal half with distal edge sinuous, fuscous ;
distal half white irrorate with fuscous anteriorly and cinnamon buff posteriorly ;
termen straight from subcostal vein to vein M,, then crenulate to anal angle.
Related to E. melanolopha Swinhoe (1895), but differing in the longer cilia of the
male antennae, the shape of the medial area and the absence of the cell spot on the
fore wing and the absence of the large, russet spot at seven-eighths anal margin
of the hind wing, so conspicuous in that species.

SW. CELEBES : Tjamba, Near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype d.

Eupithecia wardi sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : A)

6 30mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia equal in length to one-half the diameter of
the shaft ; palpus a little longer than the diameter of the eye. Head pinkish buff.
Palpus, frons, thorax and abdomen pinkish buff irrorate with bister. Fore wing
pinkish buff lightly suffused with pinkish cinnamon ; medial area irrorate with white ;
veins marked with bister dashes; subterminal fascia white and punctiform ;
remaining transverse fasciae bister and faintly marked, broadly at costa, then
slenderly to inner margin ; basal fascia acutely angled on subcostal vein ; antemedial,

SE ——— Se

medial and postmedial fasciae acutely angled on subcostal and on vein R,; cell —

spot elongate and fuscous. Hind wing tilleul buff, the termen and anal margin

lightly irrorate with bister ; transverse fasciae very faintly marked. The eighth ~
sternum consists of two broad, parallel rods with tapered apices. Probably related —

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 395

to the rather larger, rounder-winged and more brightly pinkish cinnamon E.
ivambata Warren (1893).

SE. TiBEt : Tsangpo Valley, Tya La, 14,000 ft., 20.ix.1924 (F. Kingdon Ward),
holotype 9.

Eupithecia leucoprora sp. n.
(PL.-36:; B)

gd 20mm.;9 24mm. Both male and female antennae are very minutely ciliate.
Male palpus slightly less than, female palpus slightly greater than the diameter of
the eye. Male: palpus white beneath, cream buff above. Frons, head, thorax
and abdomen cream buff very lightly irrorate with black. Fore wing olive ocher ;
basal area evenly curved distad and uniformly black ; medial area densely irrorate
with black, with little of the ground colour visible ; distal fourth of costa irrorate
with black, deeply proximally, tapering apicad ; termen irrorate with black between
veins R, and M,, broadly at the tornus ; this black tornal area is divided by a slender
fascia of the ground colour ; there is considerable black irroration between the basal
and medial areas; cell spot black; fringes cream buff and black. Hind wing
tilleul buff with a broad, drab, terminal border. The female differs in having a
uniformly cream buff palpus. Eighth sternum of male weakly sclerotized and
consisting of two broad, diagonally based arms, each tapered apicad, the inner
margin of each arm is almost straight, the outer margin is larger and arcuate.
Probably related to E. biviridata Warren (1896) from N. India but differing in
having only the medial area fuscous on the fore wing.

CENTRAL DuTCH NEw GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long.,
i-li.rg1r (A. S. Meek), holotype ¢ and allotype 9.

Eupithecia lissopis sp. n.
(P1336 :°B)

3 27 mm.; 2 32 mm. Both male and female antennae minutely ciliate. Male
palpus one and one-half times, female palpus twice as long as the diameter of the
eye. Palpus, frons, head and abdomen olive buff irrorate with black, the abdomen
also with dark vinaceous. Collar and thorax dark olive buff, the tegulae each with
a white spot. Fore wing dark olive buff irrorate with black and dark vinaceous,
especially in the basal, medial and terminal areas ; basal area edged distally with
white ; medial area edged and irrorate in the discal area with white ; subterminal
fascia white and punctiform ; cell spot black ; fringes chequered olive buff and
fuscous and lightly suffused with dark vinaceous. Hind wing light buff and glossy,
termen slenderly black. Eighth sternum in the male similar to that of the preceding
species, but with the tapered apices produced posteriorly. Evidently related to
E. leucoprora, but distinct in colour and pattern.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuInEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype g and allotype 9.

396 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Eupithecia eupitheciata (Walker) ab. cruentata (Warren MS.) ab. n.

Fore wing cartridge buff lightly and evenly irrorate with black ; medial area
slenderly margined with black, the posterior half densely irrorate with brick red.
Inp1A : Khasia Hills, iii.1894 (Nat. coll.), holotype ¢ ; ¢bid., without date, I 9.

Micromia expectans sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : C)

$2 25-28 mm. Antennae in both sexes minutely ciliate ; palpi twice as long as
the diameter of the eye. Palpus lime green irrorate with fuscous ; frons, head,
thorax and abdomen similarly coloured. Fore wing lime green suffused with
yellowish olive and irrorate with brownish vinaceous, especially between the subcostal
vein and the submedian fold; basal and sub-basal fasciae ill-defined, broad and
fuscous ; medial area irrorate with fuscous, proximal margin evenly curved, distal
margin toothed between veins Sc; and R, and between R,; and M, and in one
example edged distally with a double, white fascia; subterminal fascia fuscous,
broadly marked at costa, between veins R, and R; and between M, and the inner
margin. Hind wing white to cartridge buff ; transverse fasciae weakly and brokenly
fuscous; terminal, interneural, tooth-like spots on both wings fuscous, more
strongly marked on the fore wing. Closely related to M. stabilis Warren (1906),
from which it differs in the darker irroration of the body and wings, the broader
transverse markings and the stronger toothing of the distal margin of the medial —
area on the fore wing.

British NEw GuInEA : Angabunga R., affl. of St. Joseph R., 6,000 ft. upwards,
xi.1g04-ii.1905 (A. S. Meek), 1 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) hypocalypsis sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : C)

g 27mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of
the eye, light buff. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff, the thorax and —
abdomen very lightly spotted with black. Fore wing broad and deep terminally,
the inner margin fringed with long hair-scales medially ; ground colour lime green ~
very lightly irrorate with brownish vinaceous ; basal fascia slender, slightly sinuous ~
and black ; sub-basal broad, ill-defined and black, extending only from the subcostal —
vein ; medial area lightly irrorate with black and brownish vinaceous, ill-defined
and marked only between the subcostal vein and the submedian fold ; subterminal —
fascia broad, black and brownish vinaceous, marked only between vein Sc, and the ~
discal fold with a patch of appressed, drab-gray scales between veins Sc, and M,
and between M, and the submedian fold. Hind wing small, almost pyriform,
cartridge buff and immaculate, with long hair-scales on the posterior half of the
wing and along the anal margin. The shape of the wings and the specialized scaling
on the hind wing make this a distinctive species in the genus.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 397

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) euthynsis sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : D)

g 20mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of
the eye, light buff lightly irrorate with fuscous ; frons similarly coloured. Head,
thorax and abdomen light buff densely irrorate with fuscous and russet. Fore
wing lime green ; basal area fuscous, distal margin almost straight ; medial area
fuscous, proximal margin toothed broadly distad in the discal fold, distal margin
out-curved between veins R, and M,, then straight to the inner margin ; sub-basal
area irrorate with fuscous and with black at the inner margin ; postmedial fascia
sinuous and clear lime green, from which two streaks extend through the fuscous,
distal fourth of the wing to the termen, one slenderly between veins R, and R,
and one broadly between R, and M,; subterminal fascia white and punctiform,
clearly marked only between the radial veins ; fringes chequered fuscous and lime
green. Hind wing cartridge buff, the termen suffused with drab, bilobate, being
cleft almost to the base of the wing along the submedian fold ; the posterior lobe
is slender and extends for two-thirds of the length of the anterior part of the wing.
As with most species in the genus, easily distinguished by wing-shape and structure
and by pattern.

CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype 3.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) euthynsis evelina subsp. n.

Differs from the nominate subspecies in the better marked subterminal fascia
and in the medial area of the fore wing, in which the anterior distal fourth is light
buff and the remainder is more densely irrorate with fuscous to fuscous black.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) leucocarpa sp. n.

(Pi 30% D)

g§ 25mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of
the eye, yellowish olive ; frons similar. Head and thorax yellowish olive irrorate
with black ; abdomen light buff, anal segment yellowish olive. Fore wing lime

_ green suffused with yellowish olive ; basal area black, posterior half irrorate with

white and produced tornad to fuse with sub-basal fascia, which is russet, broad at

the costa and tapered posteriorly ; medial area irrorate with russet and a little

black, proximal margin slightly sinuous, distal margin toothed between veins Sc,
and R, and on vein R, ; postmedial fascia lime green divided slenderly by yellowish
olive, interrupted between veins Sc, and R, by a patch of white and between R,
and M, by a patch of russet ; subterminal fascia punctiform, consisting of white
spots ringed with black, the black sometimes streaking to the termen ; between the
postmedial and subterminal fasciae there is a band of russet, interrupted between
veins R, and R, by the diagonal, lime green, apical streak ; distad of the subterminal

ENTOM., 6, 12 22

398 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

fascia the wing is lime green to yellowish olive. Hind wing cartridge buff and

bilobate, the wing being cleft almost to the base along the submedian fold ; the —

posterior lobe is broadened terminad and extends to seven-eighths of the length of
the anterior part of the wing; medial veins bluish black ; anal fringes long. A
brightly coloured and distinctively patterned species.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) acroscotia sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : E)

$ 24 mm.; 9 22 mm. Antenna in each sex minutely ciliate. Male palpus two
and one-half times as long, female palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye.
Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff irrorate with fuscous. Fore
wing lime green suffused with yellowish olive ; basal part of wing, bounded by an
arc from two-fifths costa to two-thirds inner margin, deep quaker drab irrorate
proximally and distally with black ; postmedial fascia boldly outcurved between
veins R, and M,, very slender, lime green ; distad of the postmedial fascia is a
broad band of deep quaker drab, interrupted by the ground colour between veins
R, and M,; termen slenderly and brokenly deep quaker drab. Hind wing light

buff, the termen lightly irrorate with drab, bilobate and cleft almost to the base —

of the wing along the submedian fold ; the posterior lobe is broadened terminad
and extends for two-thirds of the length of the anterior part of the wing, which is
tufted in its distal half. In the female the patagia and the abdomen are black
and the hind wing is entire, tilleul buff and suffused with fuscous, especially terminad,
with a faintly marked subterminal fascia of the ground colour. Distinguished
from other species in the genus by the striking pattern.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype ¢ and allotype 9.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) novenaria sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : D)
g 20mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of
the eye, lime green ; frons, head and thorax similarly coloured, the tegulae irrorate

with fuscous. Fore wing: proximal seven-eighths vinaceous slate suffused with

dark perilla purple, the distal edge sharply and evenly dentate and bounded by the
parallel, light buff subterminal fascia ; basal fascia black ; antemedial fascia lime
green and sinuous, weakly marked ; postmedial fascia lime green, boldly out-curved
between veins R, and M, and sharply marked ; distal eighth of wing lime green,
except for the vinaceous slate apex; termen slenderly vinaceous slate ; fringes
chequered vinaceous slate and lime green. Hind wing tilleul buff lightly suffused
with vinaceous slate, bilobate, cleft almost to the base of the wing along the submedian
fold ; the posterior lobe is equal in length to the anterior part of the wing ; fringes
light buff. Distinguished at once from other species in the genus by the remarkably
distinctive pattern of the fore wing.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., li. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype ¢.

——s
—

—

——

a

a. ce 4

>
ms

> hele

ae

eS - iY ie

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 399

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) recessilinea sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : E)

619mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia equal in length to three times the diameter
of the shaft. Palpus equal in length to twice the diameter of the eye, light buff ;
frons, head and thorax similar, the latter irrorate with dark vinaceous gray.
Abdomen light buff, second and third segments crested with fuscous ; extruded
genital tufts cartridge buff ; fore wing lime green irrorate for the greater part with
dark vinaceous gray, especially densely in the basal, medial and terminal areas ;
postmedial fascia white and evenly curved from one-half costa to two-thirds inner
margin, but clearly marked only posterior of vein M, ; distad of the postmedial
fascia a short, broad band of the ground colour extends from vein M, to the inner
margin ; the only other areas of lime green are situate at the tornus, where there is
a small spot and near the termen between veins Sc; and R,. Hind wing tilleul
buff suffused with drab terminad, bilobate, cleft along the submedian fold almost
to the base of the wing; the posterior lobe is broadened distally and is equal in
length to the anterior part of the wing ; both parts are glossy and densely clothed
with long hair-scales. Related to M. rotundata Warren (1906), from which it is
distinguished by the colour and pattern of the fore wing and the drab, not violet,
and more densely hairy hind wing.

BRITISH NEW GUINEA : Mambare R., 5,000 ft., iv. 1906, (A. S. Meek), holotype d.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) dympna sp. n.
(PIo39.2 55)

6 2I1mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia equal in length to the diameter of the shaft.
Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, light buff. Frons and head light
buff. Thorax fuscous, the patagia and tegulae with a few light buff scales.
Abdomen light buff, first, second and eighth segments irrorate with fuscous, second
and third segments crested with fuscous. Fore wing deep olive buff densely irrorate
with fuscous ; basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae double, dentate, deep olive buff
and ill-defined, except the postmedial, which is clearly marked posterior of the
submedian fold ; subterminal fascia slender and deep olive buff, clearly defined
only at the tornus and between veins R, and Rs, where it is dilate to the termen
and edged proximally with a white spot ; basal area with a spot of orange cinnamon
on the subcostal vein ; medial area orange cinnamon in proximal half and distal
fourth, the remaining slender band cinnamon edged proximally and distally with
fuscous ; fringes chequered light buff and fuscous. Hind wing tilleul buff, glossy
and bilobate, cleft almost to the base along the submedian fold ; posterior lobe
one-half as long as the anterior part of the wing ; fringes light buff. The conspicuous
orange cinnamon of the fore wing quickly distinguishes this species from others
in the genus.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw Guinea : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype 3.

400 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) conquadrata sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : F)

3§ 23 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of
the eye, warm buff ; frons and head warm buff. Thorax warm buff densely irrorate
with dark vinaceous drab. Abdomen cartridge buff, seventh and eighth segments
irrorate with snuff brown, second and third segments crested with dark vinaceous
drab. Fore wing dark vinaceous drab, basal and terminal areas irrorate with black ;
antemedial fascia black, angled on subcostal vein, thence straight to inner margin ;
postmedial fascia black, straight from costa to inner margin ; medial area warm
sepia with a little dark vinaceous drab suffusion ; fringes chequered drab and fuscous.
Hind wing bilobate, cleft almost to base along the submedian fold ; posterior lobe
broadened distally, cartridge buff and glossy, two-thirds as long as the anterior
part, which is light quaker drab with drab fringes. A distinctive species both in
colour and pattern.

The figure of this species on Pl. 39: F evidently illustrates a female, having
entire hind wings, but the specimen is not in the British Museum.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuInEa : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype J.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) dystacta sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : F)

Similar in size, colour and pattern to M. eusemozona Prout (1916), with which
it flies ; the fore wing is deeper terminally, with a less acutely angled apex ; the basal,
medial and terminal areas are irrorate with ferruginous anterior of the subcostal
vein, between the lower median and vein M, and posterior of the submedian fold
and their margins are less smooth ; the distal margin of the medial area is bulged
terminad between veins R; and M,, interrupting the lime green postmedial fascia,
in some examples.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., 111.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 2 3, 2 2, including holotype
and allotype.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) ectocosma sp. n.
(PL, 39/7-G}

g 20-21 mm. Antenna and palpus as in the preceding species. Frons, head,
thorax and abdomen white to light buff, the thorax very lightly irrorate with black
and light yellowish olive, the abdomen tipped with drab. Fore wing white suffused
with light yellowish olive, the white visible only in the subcostal area, in the anterior
half of the postmedial fascia and at the termen between veins R, and M,; basal
area irrorate with black ; medial area, narrowed towards inner margin, irrorate with
black, very lightly in discal area, densely posterior of the median vein, and with
ferruginous ; the distal margin of the medial area is toothed proximad with white
along the subcostal vein ; subterminal fascia slender, white and dentate, interrupted

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 401

between veins Sc; and R, by a broad streak of white to pale salmon irrorate with
ferruginous ; between the postmedial and subterminal fasciae is a black band
irrorate with ferruginous, broad at the costa, broken between veins Sc; and R,,
narrowed medially and broadened posteriorly to fuse with the medial area ; terminal,
interneural spots toothed proximad and black ; fringes chequered black and white
and lightly irrorate with ferruginous. Hind wing cartridge buff proximally, light
quaker drab distally, incised half-way to DC between veins R, and R, and almost
to base along the submedian fold; posterior lobe three-quarters as long as the
anterior part, the posterior half of which is densely clothed with short hair-scales.
Related to M. infantilis Warren (1907), from which it differs in the darkly irrorate
sub-basal area, the broader medial area and the pattern and irroration of the terminal
area of the fore wing. :

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuInEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A. S. Meek), 3 3 including holotype.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) ni sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : G)

$6 23 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus rather less than twice as long as
the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and anterior half of thorax cream
buff ; posterior half of thorax Vandyke brown ; abdomen cream buff, second and
third segments crested, first and eighth segments irrorate with dark vinaceous
drab. Fore wing cleft half way to cell between veins M, and M, and produced a
little and tapered between M, and submedian fold ; ground colour dark vinaceous
drab irrorate with black, except proximad of the postmedial fascia and on the
projection posterior of vein M, ; basal fascia and the triangle formed with it within
the basal area by the subcostal and median veins, oil yellow ; the basal fascia is
edged proximally with black ; proximal two-thirds of subcostal vein and the double,
antemedial fascia, which is marked only at the costa, oil yellow ; postmedial fascia
double, oil yellow distally, light buff proximally, extending from two-thirds costa to
termen at vein R,, thence acutely angled mediad and failing at the deepest point
of the incision into the wing between M, and M,; apical streak oil yellow;
subterminal fascia very slender, cartridge buff, fusing with postmedial fascia at
vein R, and further connected to it by a cartridge buff, zig-zag marking of the same
colour between veins R, and R,; inner margin marked with black and Vandyke
brown ; cell spot black and elongate ; two small tufts of fuscous hair-scales are
situate, one on the middle of vein R, and the second just posterior of it ; fringes
cream buff irrorate with drab ; longer and denser in the posterior third of the wing.
Hind wing tilleul buff irrorate with drab posteriorly, shallowly incised between
veins R, and R, and cleft to one-half along submedian fold, the posterior lobe
being equal in length to the anterior part of the wing. Related to M. albimixta
Warren (1906), differing in the shape of the hind wing and in the colour and pattern
of both wings.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuinEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype ¢.

402 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) thaumasia sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : H)

g23mm. Antenna minutley ciliate. Palpus equal in length to twice the diameter
of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and thorax light yellowish olive to grape green.
Abdomen cartridge buff, second and third segments crested, eighth segment irrorate
with pinkish buff. Fore wing cleft to a little less than one-third between veins
M, and M,; basal area Vandyke brown irrorate with ferruginous ; sub-basal area
grape green; medial area white irrorate with Vandyke brown and ferruginous,
densely costally and especially so just posterior of the median vein at the proximal
side ; posterior third of medial area cleanly white with the scales appressed anterior
of the submedian fold ; tornus and distal two-sevenths of costa broadly Vandyke
brown irrorate with ferruginous ; termen slenderly of the same colour in discal
area ; subterminal fascia cartridge buff, marked faintly at costa and broadly at
inner margin only ; remainder of terminal area grape green, toning to lime green
distally ; fringes lime green. Hind wing cartridge buff and glossy, trilobate with
fringes of long hair-scales ; the wing is cleft to the discocellulars between veins R,
and R, and almost to base of wing along the submedian fold ; the two anterior lobes
are tapered distally, the costal one produced ; the anal lobe is shorter, rounded and
irrorate with deep mouse gray basad. Related to the preceding species, differing
in the structure of the hind wing and in the colour and pattern of both wings.

CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A. S. Meek), 2 3, including holotype.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) monochasma sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : H)

g§ 29 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus two and one-half times as long
as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons and head cartridge buff irrorate with
lime green. Thorax lime green irrorate with fuscous. Abdomen cartridge buff
irrorate with lime green and drab. Fore wing much broadened distally, apex
produced ; ground colour lime green, a little sparsely scaled ; transverse fasciae
ill-defined and broken, fuscous, lightly irrorate with brownish vinaceous in the
discal and submedian folds ; termen slenderly fuscous, toothed proximad between
the veins ; fringes chequered lime green and fuscous. Hind wing cartridge buff
and glossy, broadly incised along three-fifths of the length of the submedian fold ;
vein M, in the anterior part of the wing is produced beyond the termen as a small,
tufted fold ; posterior lobe broadened distally, termen crenulate. Distinguished
from other species in the genus by the broad incision in the hind wing and by the
colour and pattern of the fore wing.

CENTRAL DutcH New GuINngEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 19II
(A. S. Meek), holotype 3.

Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) dilopha sp. n.
(PL: 36: A)
3 26mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of

Ee _

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 403

the eye, pinkish cinnamon. Frons and head pinkish cinnamon densely irrorate
with bister, the head with a few white scales. Prothorax and mesothorax bister ;
metathorax white ; patagia pinkish cinnamon ; tegulae broadly pinkish cinnamon
in basal third, white in medial third and bister in apical third. Abdomen white
anteriorly shading to light buff posteriorly, lightly irrorate with bister ; first and
seventh segments each bear a pair of long, pinkish cinnamon hair tufts laterally.
Fore wing pinkish cinnamon, thinly scaled in distal half between veins Sc, and M,,
and irrorate with black, lightly in the proximal and distal thirds of the subcostal
area and densely posterior of the median vein and vein M,; postmedial fascia
white and double, broadly marked at costa, then only faintly on the veins, where
it is edged proximally with a few black scales ; subterminal fascia punctiform,
black proximally and white distally, the black part being much enlarged proximad
between the radial and medial veins ; cell spot large, tufted and black ; inner margin
tufted with black scales at one-third and in distal third ; termen slenderly fuscous ;
fringes pinkish cinnamon, white-spotted at the vein ends. Hind wing widely
cleft almost to base along submedian fold ; posterior lobe cartridge buff, equal in
length to the anterior part, which is cartridge buff except for the posterior, distal
fourth, which is light quaker drab ; vein M, is produced as a small, densely tufted
fold. Similar in wing structure to the preceding species, but quite distinct in
colour and pattern.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A, S. Meek), holotype 3.

Chloroclystis consueta bowringi subsp. n.
(Pl. 39 : H)

Differs from c. consueta Butler (1897) from Japan in colour. In the nominate
subspecies the pattern is marked in drab ; in bowringz it is marked in fuscous black ;
on the fore wing the basal fascia is strongly marked ; the medial area is broadly
margined proximally and slenderly margined distally and irrorate with fuscous
black anterior of the median vein.

Cuina: SE. Ichang, Ya-chiao-ling, vi.1922 (C. T. Bowring), 3 3, 3 9, including
holotype and allotype.

Chloroclystis leucopygata cata subsp. n.

Darker, more fuscous in colour with scarcely a trace of the red-brown tone,
which is present in /. leucopygata Warren (1896) and especially in J. tcterar1za Swinhoe
(1903) ; the white, subterminal dots on both wings are more sharply marked, the
one between veins R, and M, on the hind wing enlarged. Underside with the
fuscous black postmedial band intensified.

SW. CELEBES: Pangean near Maros, 2,000 ft., iii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 6 J,
4 9, including holotype and allotype.

404 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Chloroclystis horistes sp. n.

(Pl. 39 : I)

6 26mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of
the eye, heavily scaled. Palpus, frons, head and thorax cartridge buff, patagia
and tegulae pale olivine. Abdomen long and slender, warm buff (?discoloured
green), the second, third and eighth tergites fuscous. Fore wing pale olivine ;
basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae slender and broken, fuscous ; sub-basal and
medial areas irrorate with fuscous and with a little vinaceous brown in the subcostal
region ; subterminal fascia weakly marked, white edged proximally with broad,
fuscous patches at the costa, between the radial veins and posterior of vein M,;
cell spot elongate and fuscous. Hind wing pale olivine, proximal half irrorate
with fuscous ; subterminal fascia white and dentate, broadly edged proximally
with fuscous. Termen in each wing slenderly fuscous. Differs from C. hypopyrrha
West (1929) in the very much paler green ground colour of the wings and the very
clearly defined, white subterminal fascia on the hind wing.

NEPAL (Frontier of): Phalloloong, 12,600 ft., vii.1905, holotype ¢.

Chloroclystis atroviridis perspecta subsp. n.

Q 27mm. Larger than a. atroviridis Warren (1893) from Assam, which has a
wing span of 20-22 mm., darker green, bice green instead of pale olivine, and both
wings are irrorate with fuscous, the fore wing in the discal and submedian areas
and the hind wing in the basal half ; the termen is slenderly fuscous and the fringes
are heavily spotted with fuscous at the vein ends on both wings.

CEYLON : Patipola, xi.1908, holotype 9.

Chloroclystis boarmica sp. n.

(PI39°2:5)

2 22mm. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye.
Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff very lightly irrorate with
fuscous ; tergites two to seven densely irrorate with black. Fore wing with areole
broad and vein Sc, anastomosing almost immediately with the costal vein ; ground
colour light buff lightly irrorate with fuscous anterior of the postmedial fascia,
densely irrorate with fuscous and faintly tinged with green posterior of it ; transverse
fasciae, except subterminal, fuscous and ill-defined ; basal fascia broad and evenly
curved from costa to inner margin ; antemedial fascia inclined tornad from costa,
acutely angled in discal fold, thence straight to inner margin ; medial and postmedial
fasciae parallel to antemedial and slender ; subterminal fascia light buff and dentate,
sharply defined and edged proximally with dense fuscous ; termen slenderly fuscous
black, streaked proximad between the veins to reach the subterminal fascia ; cell
spot minute ; fringes fuscous with light buff spots at the vein ends. The hind
wing differs only in the basal half, where the transverse fasciae are all slender,
parallel to the termen and fail anterior of the subcostal vein. Superficially resembles

a ee ae

a ee

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 405

a S. American Physocleora ; placed provisionally next to C. infrazebrina Hampson
(1895), from which it differs both in size and pattern, but may well have a
specialized male.

SW. CELEBES: G. Lampobattang, Parango-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P.
A. Kalis), 4 9, including holotype ; G. Tompoe, Paloe, 2,700 ft., 1.1937 (J. P. A.
Kalis), 1 9; G. Rangkoenau, Paloe, 1,800 ft., xii.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9.

Chloroclystis naga sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : I)

2 20 mm. Palpus rather longer than the diameter of the eye, drab irrorate
with fuscous. Frons slightly produced, of similar colour. Head light drab.
Thorax light drab irrorate with smoke gray. Abdomen brownish drab, the second,
third, seventh and eighth segments fuscous. Fore wing drab with a tinge of
cinnamon in the sub-basal area and distad of the medial area and lightly irrorate
with smoke gray ; basal fascia fuscous ; postmedial fascia fuscous, broad in anterior
third and toothed strongly proximad in the discal fold ; subterminal fascia pale
and very faintly marked, edged proximally by a large, fuscous spot both at the
costa and the submedian fold. Hind wing with termen shallowly incurved between
veins R, and R,; general colour as on fore wing ; basal fascia broad, postmedial
finely toothed proximad in discal fold, right-angled between veins R, and M,,
thence dentate to anal margin ; subterminal fascia scarcely traceable and with a
little fuscous irroration proximad of it at anal margin. Fringes of both wings
drab with pale points at the vein ends. Similar in general appearance to C. speciosa
Swinhoe (1902), but differing in the almost uniformly gray-brown distal thirds of
both fore and hind wings.

InpDIA : Naga Hills, 5-7,000 ft., viii-ix.1889 (W. Doherty), holotype 9.

Chloroclystis sinuosa reddita subsp. n.
(PL 36:05)

$2 14mm. Smaller than either s. sinuosa Swinhoe (1895) or sinuosa nigrilineata
Hampson (1896) and brown instead of gray in general appearance. Both wings
are irrorate with bister and the fuscous transverse fasciae are less well-defined and
contrasted than in either of the other two subspecies.

CryLon : Haputale, July, holotype 3 ; ibid., September, 1 J ; Maskeliya, August,
allotype 2 ; Madulsima, xi.1905, 1 ¢ ; Hanbantola (J. Pole), 2 3, 1 &.

Chloroclystis griseorufa tranquillata subsp. n.

Differs from g. griseorufa Hampson (1898) in the fore wing, in the less dentate
antemedial fascia and particularly in the shape of the postmedial fascia, which is
sinuous ; in the nominate subspecies the postmedial fascia of the fore wing is
produced distad and acutely angled on vein Rg.

Mataya : Kuala Lumpur, 11.v.1931 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 9.

406 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Chloroclystis actephilae sp. n.
(Pl. 39 : K)

3g 18-20 mm.; 2 22-23 mm. Both male and female antennae minutely ciliate.
The palpi are equal in length to the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons and head
cartridge buff, the palpus irrorate with fuscous. Thorax honey yellow, patagia
and tegulae light drab. Abdomen cartridge buff irrorate with light drab, each
segment with a pair of honey yellow spots ; in the male the first three segments
are fuscous. Fore wing: costa light drab to mouse gray ; two pale fasciae cross
the medial area, other transverse fasciae cartridge buff edged both proximally and
distally with drab to mouse gray ; basal fascia usually wanting ; antemedial bowed
mediad between subcostal vein and submedian fold ; basal and medial areas and
that area between the postmedial and subterminal fasciae honey yellow ; cell spot
wanting ; fringes chequered cartridge buff and drab. Hind wing: postmedial
fascia right-angled between veins R; and M,, proximad of which it is honey yellow
irrorate with drab to mouse gray costally and crossed by a pale medial fascia :
remainder of wing similar to fore wing. Related to C. polygrapha Hampson (1912),
from which it differs in the softer tone of the pattern and the conspicuous honey
yellow medial area.

S. Inp1A : Kanara, Castle Rock, 3-11.vi.1920 (T. R. Bell), II 4, 25 9, including
holotype and allotype ; Western Ghats (T. R. Bell), 2 3, 2 @.

Chloroclystis eichhorni sp. n.
(Pl. 39: L)

g12mm. Antennasimple. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter
of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and thorax pale smoke gray irrorate with black.
Abdomen lime green. Fore wing lime green ; proximal two-thirds of costa slenderly
black ; distal sixth of costa and termen, except between veins R, and M,, smoke
gray ; discal area lightly irrorate with smoke gray ; veins with a few black scales ;
black antemedial fascia marked in discal fold only ; black postmedial fascia extends
diagonally terminad from two-thirds costa almost to termen, failing between veins
R, and M,; fringes smoke gray with pale points at the vein ends. Hind wing:
anal margin lime green with a black spot indicating the only part of the postmedial
fascia which is marked ; remainder of wing drab. Related to C. fragilis Warren
(1899), from which it differs in the bright lime green fore wing and the almost
uniformly drab hind wing.

NEw IRELAND : xi-xii.1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), holotype 3.

Chloroclystis distigma sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : A)

2 18-19 mm. Similar in size and general appearance to C. exsanguis Warren
(1907) ; ground colour of wings lime green ; basal two-fifths of costa black with the

= ee

— a

eh ey ne

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 407

beginning of the antemedial fascia produced to just posterior of the subcostal vein ;
postmedial fascia marked by a broad, black spot at three-fifths costa and by a
black spot at two-thirds inner margin; subterminal fascia white and dentate,
edged proximally with black between the veins, more broadly at costa and tornus.

DutcH NEw GUINEA: Snow Mts., Upper Setekwa River, 2-3,000 ft., viii. 1g1o
(A. S. Meek), 2 2, including holotype.

Chloroclystis rhodopis sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : A)

$6 15 mm.; 918 mm. Similar in size and general appearance to C. continuata
Warren (1907). On the fore wing the ferruginous irroration is much reduced and
differently distributed, being confined to the basal area, the apex and between

- veins R, and M, distad of the postmedial fascia, which is acutely angled between

veins R, and R, and thence extends almost straight to one-half inner margin ; the
medial area is white ; the transverse fasciae are irrorate with ferruginous and are
not uniformly fuscous as in that species. On the hind wing the basal area is white,
not broadly fuscous and the postmedial fascia is smooth and not dentate.

BritisH NEw GuInEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., iv.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.),
holotype 3.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuIneEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 191 I
(A. S. Meek), 1 9.

Chloroclystis infusata errabunda subsp. n.

Differs from 7. infusata Walker (1866) in the more sharply defined postmedial
fascia on both wings ; also in the white to cartridge buff irroration, especially in the
subcostal region of the fore wing both proximad and distad of the medial area.

ForRMOSA : I1.vi.1907 (A. E. Wileman), 1 3 ; Takow, 28 .ix.1904 (A. E. Wileman),
holotype ¢ ; 7bid., 30. viii. 1904, I J, 9 ; Kanshirei, 28 .iv-8.v.1908 (A. E. Wileman),
Bin, 2 &.

Chloroclystis infusata albitornalis subsp. n.
(Pl. 40 : B)

Ground colour bister ; on the fore wing the basal area and the distal third, between
veins R, and M,, are densely irrorate with light buff. On the hind wing the posterior
half of the distal third is similarly irrorate.

S. Inp1a : Karwar, 18-23.viii.1926 (T. R. Bell), 2 3,5 9, including holotype and
allotype ; Belgaum (Watson coll.), 1 2; Travancore, Peermade (Mrs. Imray), 1 9.

CEYLON : 4 g, 2 2; Puttalam, 1 ¢; Putaloya, 1 ¢; Maskeliya, 1 9; Uva, I 9;
Patipola, 1 ¢; Kalutara, 1 ¢.

Chloroclystis infusata exortiva subsp. n.

A little smaller than the preceding subspecies and more contrastingly marked.

408 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

The ground colour is even darker than in 7. albitornalis and the irroration paler,
cartridge buff and more diffuse in the proximal half of the fore wing.

RossEL I.: Mt. Rossel, 2,100 ft., xi-xii. 1915 (W. F. Eichhorn), 7 3, ats including
holotype and allotype.

GOODENOUGH I.: 2,500-4,000 ft., iii. 1913 (A. S. Meek), I Q.

NEw HANOVER: iii.1913 (A. S. Meek), 1 9

Rook L.: vii.1913 (A. S. Meek), 1 3.

Chloroclystis taraxichroma sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : A)

$2 15-16 mm. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye.
Palpus, frons, thorax and abdomen cartridge buff densely irrorate with light drab
to hair brown. Head light to warm buff. Fore wing light drab to hair brown ;
double postmedial and single medial and subterminal fasciae dentate and parallel
to termen, light buff in subcostal region, then smoke gray ; antemedial fascia and
posterior part of medial area light to warm buff ; veins sparsely scaled with black ;
cell spot wanting ; fringes light drab proximally and spotted light buff at the vein
ends, smoke gray distally. Hind wing similar to fore wing, except that the transverse
fasciae are light buff at the anal margin and not at the costa ; in one specimen the
greater part of the wing is light buff. Related to C. latifascia Walker (1866),
differing in the light buff posterior part of the medial area on the fore wing.

E. Batti: Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., vi.1935 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype g and I 9;
Git-Git, v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), allotype 9.

Chloroclystis breyniae sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : A)

$2 12-13 mm. Palpus a little longer than the diameter of the eye. Palpus,
frons, head, thorax and abdomen light drab to drab gray irrorate with vinaceous
brown to fuscous; wings similarly coloured. On the fore wing the postmedial
fascia is pale, divided and edged both proximally and distally with fuscous, angled
on vein R,, thence direct to five-eighths inner margin ; subterminal fascia pale,
dentate and parallel to termen; radial and medial veins irrorate with fuscous.
Hind wing similar, except for the postmedial fascia, which is parallel to the termen ;
the termen is almost regular, only faintly sinuous; vein Sc, is short-stalked.
Underside paler, especially the hind wing, and weakly marked ; fore wing with
ill-defined, pale bands representing postmedial and subterminal fasciae ; hind wing
with postmedial fascia present and with appreciable shading on each side of the
subterminal fascia. An inconspicuous and weakly marked species provisionally
placed next to C. latifascia Walker (1866).

InpIA : Pusa, reared from larva found on Breynia rhamnoides, 5.v.1920 (Rangt
coll.), holotype 3; ibid., larva collected 10.xi.1922, pupated, 13.xi.1922, emerged
25.xi.1922, allotype 9; Pusa, 19.vii.1923 (Box coll.), 1 3.

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:

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NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 409

Chloroclystis woodjonesi sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : B)

Q15-17mm. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, cartridge buff, the
first segment sometimes warm sepia. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen cartridge
buff, thorax and abdomen irrorate with warm sepia. Fore wing : proximal three-
fourths cartridge buff to light buff irrorate with warm sepia distally ; terminal
fourth warm sepia ; the whole is irrorate with iridescent smoke gray, more densely
in the distal half of the wing ; basal and antemedial fasciae dentate and fuscous ;
antemedial fascia toothed sharply distad in submedian fold; postmedial fascia
warm sepia, sinuous anterior of vein R, and parallel to termen posterior of it ;
two dentate fasciae of the ground colour extend parallel to the termen in the distal
fourth of the wing ; fringes warm sepia proximally with slenderly connected warm
buff spots at the vein ends and drab distally. Hind wing similar. Related to
C. lepbta Meyrick (1886), from which it differs in the smoother postmedial fascia
and the darker, terminal fourths of both wings.

Cocos KEELING I.: (Ff. Wood-Jones), 2 9, including holotype ; zbzd., vi.1903,
ge Y; sbtd., vi. 1905, I &.

Chloroclystis lepta aeneta subsp. n.

Pasiphela lepta Meyrick, 1886, Trans. ent Soc. Lond. 1886 : 191 (part).

Differs from /. lepta from the Marshall Islands in the ground colour of the wings,
which is white instead of tilleul buff ; the markings are pale, except at costa, and
more sharply defined and contrasted.

ToncAa: holotype 9.

Chloroclystis invisibilis invita subsp. n.
(Pl. 40 : B)

Differs from 7. ¢nvisibilis Warren (1893) in wing pattern. On the fore wing the
antemedial fascia is less dentate, the strongly projecting, proximal tooth in the
submedian fold is much reduced; the postmedial fascia is slender and weakly
marked. On the hind wing the postmedial fascia is bowed basad in the discal area
and not evenly curved as in the nominate subspecies.

W. CELEBES : Koelawi, Paloe, 3,700 ft., iii-iv.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 3
and allotype 9.

Chloroclystis filata (Guenée) ab. albiplaga ab. n.

Posterior of the median vein and vein Rg, the distal seven-eighths of the medial

area is white.
NEw Soutu WALES: Sydney, x.1878 (G. H. R.), holotype 9.

410 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Chloroclystis magnimaculata irabunda subsp. n.
(Pl. 40 : D)

Differs from m. magnimaculata Philpott (1915) in the suffusion of both wings

with russet ; the white, dentate postmedial fascia is, on that account, more clearly ©

defined.
NEw ZEALAND : Flagstaff, 8.xii.1914, 5 9 ; bid., 2.1. 1915, 9 3, including holotype.

Chloroclystis lanaris aequabilis subsp. n.

Differs from J. Janaris Warren (1896) in the suffusion of the paler areas of both
wings with lime green; on the fore wing the bister irroration proximad of the
clearly marked and strongly contrasted, white antemedial, postmedial and
subterminal fasciae is intensified and dense.

SuvEsT I.: Mt. Riu, 2,000 ft., iii. 1916 (Eichhorn Bros.), holotype 3.

Chloroclystis antarctica Hudson ab. hudsoni ab. n.
(Pl. 40 : E)

This aberration was described and figured by Hudson (1928, Butterflies and

Moths of New Zealand, 93, pl. 44: 4), but was not named. According to Hudson,

it is ““a rather remarkable brown form with similar markings to the ordinary C.
bilineolata ’’ and is recorded from Arthur’s Pass in the South Island of New Zealand.

Chloroclystis xenisma sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : I)

g17mm.;918mm. Antennae ciliate ; male cilia one-half as long as the diameter
of the shaft ; female cilia minute. Male palpus one and one-half times as long,
female palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, light buff. Frons and head
light buff. Thorax and abdomen drab gray. Male: fore wing with arched costa,
drab gray to light quaker drab ; postmedial fascia double and lunulate ; subterminal
fascia single and dentate, both tilleul buff edged proximally with some fuscous
suffusion ; basal third of costa and veins fuscous, the latter with a few, scattered,
black scales ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes chequered drab gray and light buff.
Hind wing with slightly crenulate termen and, except for costa, similarly coloured
to the fore wing. Underside smoke gray and glossy ; basal two-fifths of fore wing
densely clothed with specialized, ochraceous orange scales, which lengthen in the
medial fifth of the wing and are black ; basal half of hind wing similar to base of
fore wing. In the female the costa of the fore wing is not arched and the underside
of both wings is drab, rather darker distally. Distinctive in the genus on account
of the vivid male underside and the colour of the uppersides of both sexes.

W. CELEBES: G. Tompoe, Paloe, 2,700 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 3;
ibid., i.1937, allotype 2 ; Koelawi, Paloe, 3,100 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 g.

wore

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Ee

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 411

Chloroclystis pugnax sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : I)

g 17mm. Antenna similar to that of the preceding species. Palpus one and
one-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye, drab. Fons, head and thorax
drab. Abdomen pinkish buff irrorate with drab, segments 4-7 edged posteriorly
with fuscous. Fore wing tilleul buff lightly irrorate with drab, except immediately
proximad and distad of the medial area, which is densely drab, the margins slenderly
bister ; proximal margin bowed gently distad in submedian fold, distal margin
bowed boldly terminad between veins R, and M,. Hind wing similar, but with a
paler and with a much less well-defined medial area ; basal area densely bister.
Underside tilleul buff and glossy suffused costally with pinkish buff; anterior of
the submedian fold, from one-seventh to one-half costa, the fore wing is densely
clothed with short, fuscous black scales. Related to the preceding species, from
which it differs in the shorter palpus and in the pattern of both the upper and under-
sides of both wings.

BritisH NEW GuINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., i.1918 (Ezchhorn Bros.),
holotype 3.

Chloroclystis apotoma sp. n.
CPl..40.3-1)

g16mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia one-half as long as the diameter of the shaft.
Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons,
head and thorax cartridge buff, palpus and lower frons irrorate with fuscous ;
tegulae tinged very faintly with lime green. Abdomen: first segment cartridge
buff irrorate with pinkish cinnamon and with a fuscous, medio-dorsal spot ; second
segment ferruginous with some fuscous irroration ; remainder pinkish cinnamon.
Fore wing: costa arched, the medial fifth tufted ; ground colour cartridge buff
lightly tinged with lime green ; anterior half of basal area irrorate with fuscous ;
fuscous antemedial fascia acutely angled basad on median vein ; medial third of
wing, from costa to vein M,, densely clothed with specialized, ferruginous scales ;
posterior of M, it is irrorate with fuscous ; distal third of wing irrorate with cinnamon

buff and fuscous ; subterminal fascia faintly defined, broadly edged on proximal

side with fuscous, except between radial veins, and toothed distad, slenderly in
fuscous, posterior of vein R,; termen broadly tinged with quaker drab, except at
tornus, which is densely cinnamon. Hind wing cartridge buff lightly tinged with
lime green and crossed by several slender, ill-defined, fuscous fasciae. Underside :
fore wing pinkish cinnamon suffused with bister in proximal third of costa. Hind
wing tilleul buff, margins tinged with pinkish cinnamon ; cell spot and postmedial
fascia faintly drab. Related to C. tortwosa West (1929) from the Philippine Is.,
differing in its smaller size, deeper coloured and less extensive specialized scaling
on the fore wing and in the more densely marked hind wing.

S.W. CELEBES: G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P.
A. Kalis), holotype 3.

412 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Chloroclystis omocydia sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : I)

g14mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus one and one-half times the diameter
of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and thorax cartridge buff irrorate with deep olive
buff, palpus and lower frons also irrorate with fuscous ; tegulae each with a large
spot of old rose. Fore wing cartridge buff irrorate with deep olive buff; costa
arched ; basal two-fifths of subcostal region old rose irrorate with fuscous distally;
an area of dense, long, cartridge buff, specialized scaling extends posteriorly from
medial fifth of costa to discal fold ; posterior of discal fold there is a larger area of
shorter, drab, specialized scaling extending from two-fifths to four-fifths submedian
vein ; subterminal fascia white and dentate, edged broadly on the proximal side
with drab, except between vein R, and discal fold ; distad of the subterminal fascia
the wing is deep olive buff, the subcostal and radial veins lightly irrorate with
black ; subcostal, median and submedian veins similarly marked in basal third of
wing ; fringes chequered light buff and drab. Hind wing, including fringes, deep
olive buff; transverse fasciae pale and largely ill-defined ; postmedial double,
subterminal single and dentate ; veins lightly irrorate with black. A distinctive
species recognizable by the specialized scaling and the bright, old rose proximal
two-fifths of the subcostal region of the fore wing.

BRITISH NEw GUINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., iv.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.),
holotype 3.

Chloroclystis autopepla sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : I)

g 17mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus proportioned as in the preceding
species. Palpus, frons, head and thorax cartridge buff, palpus and lower frons

densely irrorate with black and pinkish vinaceous. Abdomen : first and second.

segments black and pinkish vinaceous ; remainder deep to dark olive buff, seventh
segment spotted with black laterally. Fore wing : costa arched ; proximal two-fifths
of subcostal region pinkish vinaceous irrorate with black, posterior of which is an
area of deep to dark olive buff extending diagonally distad to three-fifths inner
margin with black spots, two on vein M,, one at base and one at one-third, and two
on submedian vein, one at one-fifth and one at three-fifths ; a band of warm buff,
specialized scaling extends diagonally tornad from medial fifth of costa, failing just
posterior of discal area ; remainder of wing, except apex, pinkish vinaceous irrorate
with fuscous, especially strongly proximad of the dentate, cartridge buff subterminal
fascia ; apex cartridge buff irrorate with pinkish vinaceous ; fringes chequered
cartridge buff and drab. Hind wing, including fringes, deep to dark olive buff ;
medial fascia sinuous and broad, black distally, pinkish vinaceous proximally,
distad of which the veins are very lightly irrorate with black.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., li. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype 2.

Se ——

— “Ti

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 413

Chloroclystis alpinista eupora subsp. n.
(Pl. 40 : K)

Differs from a. alpinista Turner (1907) in the colour of the wings, which is light
vinaceous cinnamon instead of fuscous brown.

Key Is.: 2.iii.1897 (H. Kuhn), 1 3.

W. Batti: Mondoktoempang, 2,500 ft., x.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 9.

S.W. CELEBES: Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9;
Koelawi, Paloe, 3,100 ft., iii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), I 9.

PHILIPPINE Is.: Luzon, Benguet, Klondyke, 800 ft., 19. xii. 1g11 (A. E. Wileman)

zo.
Chloroclystis acervicosta sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : K)

g 12 mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia one-third as long as the diameter of the
shaft. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus,
frons, head, thorax and abdomen tilleul buff irrorate with vinaceous brown and
fuscous ; abdomen the most densely irrorate. Fore wing tilleul buff irrorate with
vinaceous brown and fuscous, densely in the medial area ; densely also between the
pale postmedial and subterminal fasciae, except between veins Sc; and R, and
between R, and M, ; medial third of wing, anterior of discal fold, densely clothed
with long hair scales, which are tilleul buff tipped with fuscous. Hind wing similarly
coloured ; posterior half of distal third, except anal angle, clear tilleul buff.
Distinguished by its small size and by the specialized scaling on the fore wing.

SAMBAWA : iv.1891 (Doherty), holotype 3.

Chloroclystis catabares sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : K) ,

6 14mm.;215 mm. Antennae shortly ciliate in both sexes, the cilia equal in
length to one-third of the diameter of the shaft, rather denser in the male. Male
palpus one and one-third, female palpus one and one-half times as long as the ©
diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen cartridge buff
irrorate with purplish vinaceous and fuscous, frons and head lightly, palpus, thorax
and abdomen densely ; patagia and tegulae tipped with smoke gray. Male. Fore
wing : costa arched medially ; ground colour cartridge buff very faintly tinged
with green, clearest in subbasal area; basal, medial and terminal areas irrorate
densely with purplish vinaceous and edged lightly with fuscous ; medial area tufted
with short, specialized scaling along costa ; double postmedial and single subterminal
fasciae pale ; distad of the subterminal fascia the wing is light quaker drab ; termen
slenderly fuscous ; fringes chequered cartridge buff and drab. Hind wing with
termen evenly rounded ; similar in colour to fore wing, but lacks specialized scaling
along costa. The female differs in having a less arched costa and lacking the
specialized scaling on the fore wing. Placed provisionally next to C. modesta

ENTOM 6. 12. 23

414 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Warren (1893), from which it differs in the less pronounced arching of the costa
of the male fore wing, the evenly rounded termen of the hind wing in both sexes
and in wing pattern.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 5 3, 7 Q-
including holotype and allotype; Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, goo ft., ix.1936 (J. P.
A. Kalis), 1 2 ; ibid., 1,800 ft., xii. 1936, 1 9 ; Pangean, near Maros, 2,000 ft., iii. 1938
(J. P. A. Kahks), zd.

Chloroclystis curviscapulis sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : K)

¢ 19 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus one and one-quarter times as
long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen cream ~
buff (possibly faded dark olive buff) irrorate with fuscous and black, palpus and
lower frons the most densely irrorate. Fore wing : costa strongly arched in basal —
third ; ground colour dark olive buff irrorate with fuscous, densely in the sub-basal —
area, in the distal fourth of the medial area and in the distal third of the wing
anterior of the discal fold; veins sparsely scaled with black ; postmedial fascia
tilleul buff shaded both proximally and distally with black ; subterminal fascia
tilleul buff, slender and strongly dentate, marked only in anterior half of wing; ©
termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes fuscous proximally, paling to drab in distal half
with cream buff spots at the vein ends. Hind wing: ground colour dark olive
buff irrorate with fuscous ; medial area crossed from costa to anal margin by three
ill-defined fuscous fasciae ; subterminal fascia traceable only by its broad, fuscous, —
proximal shade and by a large, white spot between veins R, and M, ; termen and
fringes as on fore wing. Related to C. subcostalis Hampson (1893), from which it —
differs in the fore wing, having a less sharply arched costa, a less clearly defined
postmedial fascia and lacking the subcostal fold of that species with its specialized
scaling. The female specimen represented on Pl. 40 : K is not in the British Museum ~
and its present whereabouts are not known.

Inp1IA : Darjeeling, Gopaldhara, 3,440-5,800 ft. (H. Stevens), holotype ¢.

Chloroclystis melampepla sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : L)

919 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus one and one-third times as long
as the diameter of the eye, black tipped with olive buff. rons and head olive
buff irrorate with black. Thorax smoke gray densely irrorate with black.
Abdomen : first segment black, remainder dark olive buff, the segments slenderly
edged posteriorly with fuscous. Fore wing: basal third dark olive buff irrorate
proximally and distally with black ; ante- and postmedial fasciae parallel, curved —
boldly terminad medially, slender, lunulate and fuscous ; distad of the postmedial ©
fascia, areas of dark olive buff are situate at costa and inner margin ; subterminal
fascia pale and faintly marked, edged proximally by two conspicuous, fuscous
areas, one at costa and one in discal fold ; remainder of wing olive buff very sparsely ©

0 EO —

eatin ee a ————- -- = —— =

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 415

irrorate with black. Hind wing: anal margin and distal third dark olive buff ;
remainder olive buff, the whole irrorate with fuscous ; veins very sparsely irrorate
with black; basal fascia broadly black; medial area slenderly edged distally,
subterminal fascia broadly shaded proximally with black ; a large, white spot is
situate in terminal ninth between veins R, and M,. Almost certainly related to
C. subcostalis Hampson (1893), from which it differs in the gray-green rather than
pinkish cinnamon general colour, in the less well-defined lunulate and more slender
postmedial fascia and in the more strongly contrasted, fuscous antemedial and
terminal markings. Until the male is known, one cannot be sure that this species
is correctly placed, as it has some similarity to C. invisibilis invita Prout.

W. CELEBES: Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800ft., xii. 1936 (J. P. A. Kalis),
holotype &.

Chloroclystis orphnobathra sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : K)

g 16mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus equal in length to the diameter
of the eye; first segment broad, second segment slender, both long-scaled and
fuscous ; third segment pyriform, short-scaled and dark vinaceous brown. Frons
and head light buff irrorate with dark vinaceous brown. Thorax fuscous. Abdomen
light buff irrorate with pinkish buff and dark vinaceous brown ; first three segments
irrorate with fuscous. Fore wing : basal fifth with costa strongly arched and shortly
tufted with specialized scales, uniformly dark vinaceous brown ; terminal area
suffused with olive buff ; remainder of wing pinkish buff irrorate with dark vinaceous
brown,, rather more densely costad ; postmedial fascia slender, curved boldly
terminad in discal area and streaked basad along submedian fold, dark vinaceous
brown ; distad of the postmedial fascia there are interneural, dark vinaceous streaks,
except between veins R, and M,; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes chequered
light buff and dark vinaceous brown. Hind wing : distal third pale pinkish buff ;
anal margin dark olive buff; basal and medial areas densely irrorate with dark
vinaceous brown ; distad of the medial area there is a slender fascia of dark vinaceous
brown, toothed to the termen posterior of vein Sc, and between the radial veins ;
termen slenderly dark vinaceous brown ; fringes pale pinkish buff. Related to
C. subcostais Hampson (1893), differing in its smaller size and the sharply
contrasting basal fifth of the fore wing.

‘MaayaA : Kedah Peak, 3,000 ft., 20.iii.1928 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 3.

Chloroclystis oedalea sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : L)

6218 mm. Antennae of both sexes shortly ciliate. Palpi one and one-quarter
times as long as the diameter of the eye. Male. Palpus : first and second segments
short-scaled, third segment with a dense tuft of scales on the undersurface, pinkish
buff. Frons and head pinkish buff. Thorax and abdomen pinkish buff irrorate

416 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

with dark vinaceous brown and fuscous. Fore wing : costa sharply shouldered at
one-fifth ; medial three-fifths of subcostal fold pinkish cinnamon, anterior and
posterior edges shortly tufted with brownish drab, specialized scaling proximally ;
remainder of wing brownish drab, irrorate with fuscous in basal area and densely
so in subterminal area at costa and between radial veins and at inner margin;
fuscous distal margin of medial area and a slender, white fascia parallel to and
distad of it are lunulate from subcostal fold to vein Rs, almost right-angled between
veins R, and M,, thence straight to three-quarters inner margin. Hind wing
brownish drab ; fuscous distal margin of medial area and a slender, white fascia
parallel to and distad of it are strongly toothed terminad between veins R, and M, ;
the white fascia is much broadened posterior of the discal fold ; subterminal fascia
white, traceable only as a large spot between veins R, and M,, which is connected
slenderly to the tornus. Female: palpus marked as thorax ; terminal segment
not tufted. Fore wing without specialized scaling and specialized subcostal fold ;
dense fuscous irroration in subterminal area also wanting ; subterminal fascia pale,
dentate and sharply marked ; in other respects similar to male. Related to C.
subcostalis Hampson (1893), from which it differs in its smaller size, more uniformly
coloured wings, which lack all trace of green, and in the much less sharply defined
pattern.

NortH Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu, v-viii. 1903 (John Waterstradt), I 3, 2 2, including
holotype and allotype.

SARAWAK : (Wallace), 1 3.

Chloroclystis phoenicophaes sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : L)

d 15-16 mm.; 2 16-18 mm. Antennae in both sexes shortly ciliate. Female
palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye; male palpus slightly shorter.
Palpus, frons and head cartridge buff, outer surface of palpus and lower frons
irrorate with fuscous. Thorax yellowish olive, patagia and tips of tegulae smoke
gray. Abdomen cream buff (possibly discoloured yellowish olive) ; first three
segments irrorate with old rose and smoke gray. Male. Fore wing : costa arched
moderately at two-fifths ; ground colour yellowish olive ; basal third, anterior of
subcostal vein, irrorate with flesh pink, old rose and fuscous, costa long-scaled ;
proximal two-thirds of medial area, anterior of discal fold, clothed with short,
specialized scales, cartridge buff tipped with fuscous and rather longer at costa ;
distal third of medial area, anterior of vein M,, old rose with the veins marked
in fuscous ; postmedial fascia cartridge buff and glossy, distad of which the veins
are fuscous to the termen ; distal fifth of wing, anterior of vein R;, densely fuscous
and irrorate with pale smoke gray near termen ; dentate subterminal fascia cartridge
buff and glossy ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes broadly fuscous medially, paler
distally and warm buff proximally, where the dots at the veins ends are slenderly
connected. Hind wing yellowish olive ; transverse fasciae paler and faintly defined ;
veins very sparsely scaled with black ; fringes very faintly warm buff proximally,
otherwise concolorous with the wing. The female differs only in lacking the arched

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 417

costa and the specialized scales on the fore wing. Similar in size to C. modesta
Warren (1893) but differing in the specialization of the male fore wing and in the
wing-colour of both sexes.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3, 1 &,
including holotype and allotype.

E. BALI : Git-Git, 5,000 ft., v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3, 1 2; Batoeriti, 3,500 ft.,
v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 &.

Chloroclystis cuneativenis sp. n.
(PU 402-4)

62 12-15 mm. Antennae of both sexes minutely ciliate. Male palpus one and
one-half times, female palpus one and three-quarter times as long as the diameter
of the eye. Palpus, frons and head cartridge buff, frons and palpus lightly irrorate
with fuscous. Thorax cartridge buff densely irrorate with pale mouse gray.
Abdomen pinkish buff, the segments edged anteriorly with pale mouse gray. Male.
Fore wing : costa strongly arched at one-third and edged with moderately long
hair-scales, which are a mixture of vinaceous buff and fuscous ; ground colour pale
olive buff ; sub-basal and medial areas and distal fourth pale mouse gray ; medial
area irregularly irrorate with fuscous, most densely on the veins at the proximal
and distal margins, the distal margin being toothed mediad on the discal fold ;
_ postmedial fascia broad, subterminal fascia slender and dentate, both pale and
ill-defined, the subterminal broadly edged both proximally and distally with fuscous
to fuscous black at the costa ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes pale mouse gray
to fuscous with slenderly connected warm buff spots at the vein ends. Hind wing :
termen slightly concave between vein M, and anal angle ; ground colour pale olive
_ buff ; the wing is crossed from costa to anal margin by five broad, parallel, ill-defined
_ fasciae of pale mouse gray, three are in the medial area and two in the terminal
_ fourth ; veins very sparsely scaled with black ; fringes as on fore wing. In the
_ female the costa is not arched nor fringed with long hair-scales. Related to the
_ preceding species, differing in the specialized scaling of the male fore wing and in
the colour and pattern of both sexes.
| W. CELEBEs: Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i-ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3, 2 9,
including holotype and allotype ; Paloe, Koelawi, 3,100 ft., iii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis),
16; Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3.

Chloroclystis pygmaeica sp. n.
(PI. 40 : L)

69 12-I3mm. Antennae minutely ciliate, the cilia equal in length to one-quarter
of the diameter of the shaft. Palpus one and one-third times as long as the diameter
of the eye. Very similar in colour and pattern to the preceding species, differing
from it in the pale mouse gray frons and head and the irroration of the basal third
of the fore wing with fuscous. The hind wing has the termen concave in the discal

418 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

fold as well as between vein M, and the anal angle ; the transverse fasciae are fuscous
and the basal area is irrorate with fuscous.

CEYLON : (Alston), holotype 3; Haputale, June, 1 3; ibid., xi. 1908, 1 3; Maskeliya,
June, I g; Polyahawella, 1 ¢.

Chloroclystis atypha sp. n.
(Pl. 40 : L)

g§ 14mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia two-thirds as long as the diameter of the —
shaft. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye, tilleul buff
irrorate with fuscous. Frons and head tilleul buff. Thorax tilleul buff irrorate
with smoke gray. Abdomen tilleul buff irrorate with benzo brown. Fore wing :
costa slightly arched at one-fourth and shortly tufted with vinaceous buff and
benzo brown hair-scales ; ground colour olive buff irrorate with light drab and
benzo brown ; subterminal fascia pale, broad and ill-defined, shaded broadly with
benzo brown proximally, except in the discal area, and distally with smoke gray
irrorate with benzo brown ; in the distal fourth the veins are light buff; fringes
drab distally, slenderly light buff proximally. Hind wing: termen slightly
crenulate ; basal area, double postmedial and single subterminal fasciae clear olive
buff ; remainder of wing densely irrorate with benzo brown ; fringes as on fore
wing. Related to C. cuneativenis Prout, from which it differs in the shorter tufting
and less pronounced arching of the costa of the fore wing, the denser brown irroration
of both wings and in the longer antennal ciliation.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii. 1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 2.

Chloroclystis dilatata hydrographica subsp. n.
(Pl. 41 : A)

Grayer in appearance than either d. dilatata Walker (1866) or d. pelopsaria Walker
(1866) ; the vinaceous brown and fuscous irroration of the former and the pinkish
vinaceous and fuscous irroration of the latter is wanting ; the most conspicuous
marking remaining is the fuscous spot in the discal fold proximad of the subterminal
fascia.

BRITISH NEW GUINEA : xii. 1898 (A. S. Meek), 1 g ; Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft.,
ii-v.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.), 4 3, 3, 2, including holotype and allotype.

Chloroclystis testulata denotata (Walker) ab. albiplaga ab. n.
On the fore wing the distal three-fourths of the medial area, posterior of the
median vein, are white.
NEW ZEALAND : Dunedin, 6.i.1910 (G. Howes), holotype &.

Chloroclystis testulata denotata Walker ab. irregulata ab. n.

Posterior of vein R, and the median vein the fore wing is light buff from one-half
to seven-eighths.

NEw ZEALAND : 1894 (G. V. Hudson), 1 9; Sumner, Christchurch, 14.x.1922
(J. W. Campbell), holotype 3.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 419

Chloroclystis luciana sp. n.
(Pl. 41 : B)

Similar in size and pattern to C. conversa Warren (1897). On the fore wing the
ground colour is duller, light yellow olive to yellow olive instead of lime green ; in
the male the specialized scaling in the posterior distal fourth is not quite so extensive,
scarcely reaching beyond vein M,. In the female the ground colour of the hind
wing is cartridge buff without a trace of green.

Inp1A : Dharmsala, holotype g and allotype 2 ; Sabathu, viii. 1889, 1 .

Chloroclystis nudifunda sp. n.
(Phare)

Similar in size and wing-shape to C. olivata Warren (1901) ; the fore wing has the
inner margin produced a little further posteriorly and the underside is a uniformly,
glossy drab, lacking the area of russet scaling in the posterior proximal fourth of
that species. The hind wing is white, the termen and inner margin narrowly lime
green irrorate with fuscous ; the specialized, russet scaling, which occupies the cell
area in olivata, is wanting.

Mataya : Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 5,500 ft., 21.vi.1935 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype ¢.

Chloroclystis semiscripta brychoma subsp. n.

Differs from s. semiscripta Warren (1906) in the extensive black irroration in the
cell area of the fore wing, especially immediately proximad and distad of the
postmedial fascia. In the female the hind wing is broadly and strongly banded
with fuscous at the termen.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii.1936, I J, 2 2; Paloe, G. Tompoe,
2,700 ft., i-ii.1937, 14 g, 44 2 including holotype and allotype ; Paloe, Koelawi,
3,100 ft., iili.1937, I g, I 2; Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft., iv.1937, 4 3, 24 9; Paloe,
Loda, 4,000 ft., v.1937, I g, 4 2; Paloe, Sidaonta, 4,500 ft., vi.1937, 5 Q.

SW. CELEBES : G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938, I J, 2 &.

E. CELEBES : Ulu Kolaka, 500 m., v-vi.1939, 3 3, 10 9.

All specimens were collected by J. P. A. Kalis.

Chloroclystis palmaria phantastes subsp. n.

Differs from p. palmaria Prout (1928) in the hind wing of the female. The ground
colour is white ; the termen is very lightly irrorate with dark olive buff ; two dark,
transverse fasciae are weakly marked at one-third and two-thirds respectively ; a
third is marked at the anal margin only.

JAvA : Gedeh, 7,500 ft., 24-25.vi.1g10 (E. A. Cockayne), holotype § and allotype
2; Rés. Soekaboemi, 1895 (J. B. Ledru), 2 3; ibid., 2,000 ft., 1893 (H. Fruhstorfer),
I $; Mons Tjikorai, 4,000 ft., 1892 (H. Fruhstorfer), 1 3.

420 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Chloroclystis permixta sp. n.
(Pl. 41 : D)

32 24-28 mm. Male antenna minutely ciliate ; female antenna filiform. Male
palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye; female palpus a little longer.
Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen olive ocher to yellowish olive ; palpus
tipped with white ; tegulae irrorate with black ; first abdominal segment black,
other segments sometimes irrorate with black. Male. Fore wing : termen incurved
posterior of vein M, to a rounded tornus ; basal eighth olive ocher to yellowish
olive, distad of which is an area of mixed, specialized scaling, the distal margin of
which extends diagonally from three-eighths costa to the tornus; the subcostal
part is long-scaled and olive buff, the medial part, which extends posteriorly to
vein M,, is short-scaled and bister sometimes mixed with buffy brown and the
posterior part is black and short-scaled ; distal fourth of wing, anterior of vein Rg,
densely irrorate with vinaceous brown and black, edged proximally by a double,
sinuous, black fascia and divided by the pale, dentate subterminal fascia ; posterior
of vein M, the wing is slenderly coloured as apex ; remainder of wing olive ocher
to yellowish olive. Underside : proximal two-thirds, anterior of submedian fold,
faintly suffused with deep olive buff, the costa irrorate with black; apex pale brownish
drab ; remainder tilleul buff lightly suffused with deep olive buff. Hind wing
very densely covered with short scales, cartridge buff costally shading to buffy
brown at anal margin. Underside: a slender, black postmedial fascia curves
almost parallel to distal margin, from one-half costa to anal angle ; distad of this
fascia the wing is densely covered with short, deep olive buff scales ; proximad of
it and posterior of the subcostal vein, the wing is densely covered with specialized,
erect scales, buffy brown anteriorly, shading posteriorly to fuscous ; remainder of
wing very thinly scaled, tilleul buff. Female. Fore wing : olive ocher to yellowish
olive, lightly irrorate with vinaceous brown in discal area; basal, medial and
terminal areas darker but ill-defined ; veins streaked with black proximad of the
subterminal fascia. Hind wing cartridge buff to light buff and glossy ; transverse
fasciae faintly marked by sparse, black irroration. Underside of both wings olive
ocher to yellowish olive ; three dark, transverse fasciae marked weakly on each
wing. Related to C. analyta Prout (1928), differing in the specialized scaling of
the male and the colour and pattern of the wings of both sexes.

JAva: Arunjo, 3,000 ft. (W. Doherty), 1 2; Nongkodjadjar, 4,000 ft., vi.1934
(J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3,6 2; Tengger, Singolangoe, 5,000 ft., vi.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis),
23,49; Tengger, Kletak, 6,000 ft., vi.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3, 3 9, including
holotype and allotype.

Chloroclystis filicata mochleutes subsp. n.

Differs from f. filicata Swinhoe (1892) in the suppression of the dark, terminal
shading in the discal area and posterior of vein M, ; the distal margin of the medial
area is less sharply dentate.

Ab. epacta ab. n.

Ee

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 421

One of the two females from Tjamba and the female from G. Lampobattang
have both wings suffused with light hellebore green.

SW. CELEBEsS : Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype
3, 2 2; G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A. Kals),
mo, 1 Y.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9;
Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9; Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft.,
iv.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 9.

Chloroclystis dissographa sp. n.
(Pl. 40 25)

$2 19-22 mm. Both male and female antennae minutely ciliate. Palpi twice
as long as the diameter of the eye, second and third segments with long, anteriorly
projecting scales ; first and second segments light buff, the upper surface sometimes
dark greenish glaucous; basal segment irrorate with black; terminal segment
white on upper surface, otherwise black. Frons, head and patagia dark greenish
glaucous. Thorax cartridge buff to light buff (perhaps discoloured green) irrorate
with iridescent black, the tegulae irrorate with dark glaucous green. Abdomen
light to cartridge buff, second and third tergites densely irrorate, first, sixth and
seventh tergites usually edged posteriorly with iridescent black. Male. Fore

wing : distal fifth of inner margin shallowly concave and tufted with light buff

hair-scales ; ground colour dark greenish glaucous ; basal half irrorate with pinkish
vinaceous and black ; basal fascia broad, antemedial fascia slightly bowed mediad,
very broad and densely black ; postmedial fascia pale and edged both proximally
and distally and divided by slender, parallel, black lines ; subterminal fascia pale
and dentate, edged proximally by a broad, black shade irrorate with pinkish
vinaceous ; this subterminal shade is densely black and especially strongly marked
between two-thirds and five-sixths costa ; termen slenderly black ; fringes chequered
fuscous and olive buff. Hind wing cartridge buff and glossy; anal margin light
buff with a small flap folded on to upper surface between one-half and three-quarters ;
proximal half of anal margin edged with long hair-scales ; distal fourth edged with
very short, apressed scales. In the female both wings are simple ; hind wing light
buff ; terminal area lightly suffused and transverse fasciae faintly fuscous. Related
to C. seminotata Warren (1898), but distinguished from it by the very broad,
antemedial fascia on the fore wing of both sexes and by the specialized fore wing
of the male.

E. JavA: Nongkodjadjar, 4,000 ft., vi.1934, 1 2; Waterfall Baeong, vii. 1934,
Id.

E. Batt: Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., vi.1935, 2 gd, 2 2; Git-Git, 5,000 ft., v.1936, I Q.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii. 1936, 2 2; Paloe, G. Tompoe,
2,700 ft., ii.1937, 4 9; Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft., iv.1937, I 9.

SW. CEeLesBes: G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938, 8 4d,
17 9, including holotype and allotype.

All specimens were collected by J. P. A. Kali.

422 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Chloroclystis craspedozona sp. n.
(Pl. 41 : F)

218-19 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus two and one-half times as long
as the diameter of the eye ; second segment long, third segment very slender. Frons
cartridge buff. Head pistachio green edged anteriorly and posteriorly with black.
Thorax fuscous edged posteriorly with iridescent black ; patagia and tegulae irrorate
with pistachio green and vinaceous brown. Abdomen: first tergite white ; second
tergite vinaceous brown, both edged anteriorly with iridescent black ; remaining
tergites buff (probably discoloured green), seventh tergite irrorate with iridescent
black. Fore wing pistachio green ; basal area broad ; basal fascia black; medial
area with four or five slender, black, transverse fasciae, which are obsolescent
posterior of median vein, merging with black irroration ; cell spot large ; subterminal
fascia pale and dentate, proximad of which is a broad shade of vinaceous brown
and distad of which there are black, interneural streaks ; termen slenderly black ;
fringes chequered pistachio green and black. Hind wing tilleul buff; termen
narrowly suffused with pistachio green; three transverse fasciae, faintly drab.
Related to C. palpata Walker (1862), differing in its smaller size and in pattern;
the white, first abdominal tergite and the medial area with its strongly marked ~
anterior half and obsolescent posterior half are distinctive.

E. Batti: Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., vi.1935 (J. P. A. Kalis), 4 9, including holotype; _
Git-Git, 5,000 ft., iv-v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 9.

Chloroclystis craspedozona venata subsp. n.

Q 21mm. Differs from the nominate subspecies in the clearly defined and entire
fasciae and lack of irroration in the medial area ; the white, punctiform postmedial
fascia is marked on the veins only ; radial veins streaked with white proximad of
subterminal fascia, which is white and dentate.

PHILIPPINE Is.: Luzon, subprov. Benguet, Pauai, Haights’ Place, 7,000 ft.,
I.xli.1g12 (A. E. Wileman), holotype Q.

Chloroclystis craspedozona heanis subsp. n.
(Pl. 41 : H)

Differs from the nominate subspecies in the green basal area, in the basal and
subterminal fasciae and the subcostal region of the medial area, which are irrorate
with pinkish vinaceous and in the sub-basal fascia, which is cartridge buff.

CENTRAL CERAM : Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii. 1919 (C. F. & J. Pratt), holotype 9. —

Chloroclystis palpata diechusa subsp. n.
(Pl. 41 : G)

The broad, basal fascia, the medial area and the subterminal band are evenly
irrorate with fuscous and clearly defined ; the remainder of the wing is clear green
devoid of fuscous irroration.

InvIA : Khasia Hills (Native coll.) ; ii. 1894, 2 3 ; iii. 1894, 3 g, including holotype ;
iv.1894, 2 gd; vi.1895, I 2; without date, 3 J, 4 @.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 423

Chloroclystis palpata javana subsp. n.
(Pl. 41 : G)

Differs from . palpata Walker (1862) in the pale, cartridge buff hind wing.
E. JAvA : Mt. Moenggal, 9,000 ft., 1.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis) holotype g and allotype

,
JAvA: Rés. Soekaboemi, 1895 (J. B. Ledru), 10 g, 16 2; Mons Gede, 8,000 ft.
viii.1892 (H. Fruhstorfer), 2 3, 1 2; Gedeh, 25.vi.1g10 (E. A. Cockayne), 1 J.

Chloroclystis r. regularis (Warren) ab. tenuabilis ab. n.
(Pl Ar)

Proximal five-sixths of fore wing cream buff, the pattern very sharply defined
and contrasted ; basal and antemedial fasciae slender and black; sub-basal area
broad anterior of median vein then narrowing, black irrorate with vinaceous pink ;
distad of the cell spot the medial area is densely black.

MatayaA: Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 16.ii1.1936 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype 3.

Chloroclystis regularis viridimargo subsp. n.
Gd Dap 8 aa & 8

gd 24 mm. Larger and longer-winged than 7. regularis Warren (1895). Fore
wing with transverse bands sharply defined proximally ; postmedial fascia less
crenulate ; distal third of wing predominently clear forest green with only slight,
mainly linear, posterior extension of the fuscous spot at four-fifths costa ; distal
seventh lightly irrorate with fuscous in discal area.

MatayaA : Perak, 2,000-3,500 ft. (W. Doherty), holotype 3.

Chloroclystis diaboeta sp. n.
(PL ars)

925mm. Related to C. regularis Warren (1895), which it closely resembles in
palpus, colour and pattern ; much larger than that species ; head and thorax of the
same green colour ; second tergite of abdomen similarly vinaceous pink, remaining
segments more densely irrorate with fuscous. Fore wing : sub-basal fascia almost
right-angled in cell ; postmedial fascia broad and double, proximal line pale olivine,
slender and deeply lunulate, distal line broader, less deeply lunulate and duller
green, except anterior of discal fold ; distal end of cell and radial veins pinkish
buff (this may be discoloration due to the action of moisture, but is present in both
wings) ; oblique brownish vinaceous streak from apex rather broad. Hind wing
somewhat grayer than in 7. regulosa.

CENTRAL CERAM : Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii.1g19 (C. F. & J. Pratt), holotype @.

424 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Chloroclystis viridata phaeina subsp. n.
(Pl. 41 : H)

Differs from v. viridata Warren (1895) in the intensification of the green colouring
both proximad and distad of the medial area on the fore wing and distad of the
postmedial fascia on the hind wing.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 3 2, including
holotype.

Chloroclystis diaschista sp. n.
(Pl. 41 : H)

g 24mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia one-third as long as the diameter of the shaft.
Palpus two and one-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye, second segment
very long. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen cream buff ; tegulae irrorate
with black ; abdomen irrorate with vinaceous brown and black and with a black,
medio-dorsal spot at the posterior margin of each of the first six tergites. Fore
wing light cress green, in part discoloured to cream buff and patterned in black ;
basal fascia broad, marked at costa only ; sub-basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae
marked broadly at costa and inner margin, failing medially ; subterminal shade,
toothed strongly terminad and irrorate with vinaceous buff, broken between veins
Sc, and R, and between R, and M, ; terminal spots at vein ends black. Hind wing
tilleul buff ; termen broadly suffused with drab and intensified proximad of the faint,
pale subterminal fascia ; postmedial fascia marked posterior of vein M, only;
cell spot drab. Related to C. palpata Walker (1862), but differing in the distinct
pattern of the fore wing.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., 11. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype 3.

Chloroclystis subpalpata sp. n.
(Pl. 41 : I)

$2 15-18 mm. A small, glossy species with colour and pattern similar to that of
C. palpata Walker (1862). In the male there is a small, hyaline patch just distad of
the areole on the underside of the fore wing, wanting in palpata. The termen of
the hind wing is faintly waved in the male, more so (about as in C. rufitincta Warren
(1898)) in the female. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, second
segment rough-scaled and black anteriorly, third segment elongate and black. A
further appreciable difference from palpata is that the postmedial fascia is weakly
inclined basad at the costa.

Mataya: Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 17.iii.1931 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype g ; Kedah Peak, 3,300 ft., 26.iii.1928 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 2; Pahang,
Cameron Highlands, 4,800 ft.,12.x.1923 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 9; 1bid., 23-24.vi.1935,

Ig,1Q.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 425

Chloroclystis subpalpata fractiscripta subsp. n.
rinar =)

318 mm.;219mm. In the male the posterior, distal fourth of the medial area
is pinkish buff and only the anterior half of the postmedial fascia is marked. In
the female a broad, pinkish buff streak extends from base of wing to subterminal
fascia, passing through the posterior half of the discal area.

PHILIPPINE Is.: Luzon, subprov. Benguet, Pauai, Haights’ Place, 7,000 ft.,
(A. E. Wileman) ; holotype 3, 27.xi.1912 ; allotype 9, 8.xi.1912.

PLATE 29

Row F
Electrophaes niveonotata (Warren 1901)

Row A
Melanthia d. dentistrigata (Warren 1893)

M. dentistrigata leucansis Prout 1939
M. exquisita (Warren 1893)

Acodia pauper (Rosenstock 1885)
Xanthorhoe frivola Meyrick 1913
Scotocyma a, albinotata (Walker 1866)

Row B

Scotocyma a. albinotata (Walker) ab.
platydesma (Lower 1894)

S. albinotata scotopepla Prout 1940

S. legalis (Warren 1896)

S. miscix Prout 1934

Guamptopteryx perficita (Walker 1858)

Row C

Parvapalia aurifera civcumfumata (Prout
1916)

P. semiviridis (Joicey & Talbot 1917)

Lampropteryx maia Prout 1940

L. a. argentilineata (Moore 1867)

L. argentilineata nitidaria (Leech 1897)

Row D

Lampropteryx neelys Prout 1922 as neelis
L. synthetica Prout 1922

L. rotundaria (Leech 1897)

L. sidevifera (Moore 1888)

L. opistholasia Prout 1926

Row E

Lampropteryx dispar (Warren 1897)

L. moroessa (Prout 1932)

_ L. ¢, chalybearia (Moore 1867)

L. chalybearia incola (Bastelberger 1911)
Electrophaes tsermosaria (Oberthur 1893)

E. cryopetra Prout 1940

E. perpulchra (Butler 1886)
E. chrysophaes Prout 1923
E. zaphenges Prout 1940
E. aggrediens Prout 1940

Row G
Electrophaes cyria Prout 1940
E. moltrechti Prout 1940
E. nigrifulvaria (Hampson 1902)
E. albipunctaria (Leech 1897)
E, euryleuca Prout 1940

Row H
Electrophaes ephoria Prout 1940
E, niveopicta (Warren 1893)
E. intertexta (Warren 1893)
E. fervidaria (Leech 1897)
E. subochraria (Leech 1897)

Row I
Electrophaes westi Prout 1931
Melitulias graphicata (Walker 1861)
M. leucographa Turner 1922
M. oriadelpha Turner 1926
M. glandulata (Guenée 1858)
M. parallela Prout 1940
M. discophora Meyrick 1891

Row K
Spectrobasis plumosa Warren 1907
. maligna Warren 1907
. differens Warren 1907
. conferens Prout 1940
. viridis Warren 1906
. rufa Warren 1906
. impectinata Prout 1916

NNnNHHHYN

426 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE
PLATE 30

Row A
Lasioedma floccosa Warren 1907
L. purpureorufa Rothschild 1915
Crasilogia simplex Warren 1906
Protaulaca scythropa Meyrick 1891
P. subflava Warren 1907
Crasilogia fumipennis Warren 1906

Row B
Polyclysta hypogrammata Guenée 1858
Crastlogia flavipennis Warren 1907
C, fulvitincta Joicey & Talbot 1917
C. dispar Warren 1903
Polyclysta gonycrota Prout 1932
Heterochasta conglobata (Walker 1862)

Row C
Sibatania mactata arizana (Wileman 1911)
Ecliptopera mixtilineata (Hampson 1895)
E. decurrens (Moore 1888)
E. recordans Prout 1940
E. umbrosaria stathera Prout 1940

Row D
Ecliptopera lucrosa Prout 1940
E. substituta (Walker 1866)
E. oblongata (Guenée 1858)
E. dentifera (Moore 1888)
E. relata (Butler 1880)

Row E
Ecliptopera zaes Prout 1932 as sais

PLATE

Row A
Eustroma hampsoni sp. n. as interplagata
E. promacha Prout 1940
E. m. melancholica (Butler 1878)
E. melancholica venipicia Warren 1893

Row B
Eustroma fractifasciaria Leech 1897
E. lativitiaria (Moore 1867)
Paralygris contorta Warren 1900
Pareustroma fissisignis (Butler 1880)
P. propriaria (Leech 1897)

Row C

Eustroma metaria (Oberthur 1893) as metoria

Pareustroma conisecta Prout 1940
Hysterura literataria (Leech 1897)

E. litterata (West 1929)
E, benigna (Prout 1914)
E. dissecta (Moore 1887)

Row F
Ecliptopera delecta (Butler 1880)
E. leucoglyphica (Warren 1898)
E. sagittatoides (Pagenstecher 1900)
E. rectilinea Warren 1894
E. triangulifera (Moore 1888)

Row G
Ecliptopera fulvidorsata (Swinhoe 1894)
E. furva (Swinhoe 1891)
E. furvoides (Thierry-Mieg 1915)
E. subapicalis (Hampson 1891)
E. muscicolor (Moore 1888)

Row H
Ecliptopera subnubila Prout 1940
E. ctenoplia Prout 1931 as ctenophia
E. odontoplia Prout 1935
Eustroma elista Prout 1940
E. aurantiaria (Moore 1867)

Row I
Ecliptopera zophera Prout 1931
E. obscurata (Moore 1867)
E. thalycra Prout 1928
Eustroma inextricata (Walker 1866)
E. aerosa (Butler 1878)

31

H. cervinaria (Moore 1867)
H. vacillans Prout 1940 as villicans

Row D
Lobogonodes porphyriata (Moore 1888)
L. multisiriata tensa Prout 1940
L. complicata dactylotypa Prout 1940
L. taiwana (Wileman & South 1917)
Hysterura multifaria (Swinhoe 1889)
H. protagma Prout 1940

Row E
Amunesicoma albiseriata (Warren 1893)
A. bicolor (Moore 1888)
Photoscotosia indecova Prout 1940
P. tonchignearia (Oberthur 1893)
P. albapex (Hampson 1895)

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 427

Row F
Photoscotosia amplicata (Walker 1862)
P. dejeani (Oberthur 1893)
P. chlorochvota Hampson 1902 as chlorochota
P. undulosa (Alphéraky 1888)
P. prosenes Prout 1940

Row G
Photoscotosia fulguritis Warren 1893
P. multilinea Warren 1893

PLATE

Row A
Photoscotosia polysticha Prout 1940
P. atrostrigata (Bremer 1864)
P. insularis Bastelberger 1909 3
P. insularis Bastelberger 1909 2

Row B
Photoscotosia m. miniosata (Walker 1862)
P. miniosata cupha Prout 1931
P. isosticta Prout 1940
P. prasinotmeta Prout 1940

Row C
Photoscotosia dejuta Prout 1937
P. funebris Warren 1895
P. obliquisignata (Moore 1867)
P. metachryseis Hampson 1896

Row D
Callabraxas amanda Butler 1880
Calleulype compositata basistrigaria (Wileman
1912)
Eucosmabraxas octoscripta (Wileman 1912)
Chartographa ludovicaria praemutans (Prout

1937)

Row E
Gandaritis flavata Moore 1867
G. s. sinicaria Leech 1897
G. sinicaria postalba Wileman 1920

PLATE

Row A
Dysstroma albiangulata (Warren 1893)
D. cuneifera (Warren 1898)
D. ceprona (Swinhoe 1902)
Heterothevra sororcula (Bastelberger 1909)
Thera cyphoschema Prout 1926
T. atrinotata veducta (Joannis 1929)

P. dipegaea Prout 1940
P. multiplicata Warren 1898

Row H
Photoscotosia velutina Warren 1895
P. atromarginata Warren 1893 as atromar-
ginaria
P. nubilata (Moore 1888)
P. annubilata Prout 1940 as denubilata

32

Row F
Chartographa convexa (Wileman 1912)
Lygris flavomacularia (Leech 1897)
L. agnes subalba (Wileman 1912)
L. albicinctata Pungeler 1909

Row G
Lygris pulchraria (Leech 1897)
Cidaria ochracearia Leech 1897
Dysstroma cinereata (Moore 1867)
D. fumata (Bastelberger 1911)
D. imitaria Heydem ab. rufescens ab. n.

Row H
. ncolovata Heydemann 1929
. calamistrata (Moore 1867)
. rufibyunnea (Warren 1900)
. pendleburyi Prout 1932
. heydemanni Prout 1931

SSS

Row I
Dysstroma subapicaria (Moore 1867)
D. planifasciata Prout 1914
D. corussaria (Oberthur 1880)
D. tenebricosa Heydemann 1929
D. tenebricosa Heydemann ab. albonigrata
Heydemann 1932

BS

Row B
Theva etes Prout 1926
Dysstroma singularia Heydemann 1929
Thera dentifasciata (Hampson 1895)
T. comitabilis Prout 1923
Philereme vashti (Butler 1878)

428

Row C
Triphosa consona Prout 1926
T. corrasata Warren 1897
T. oenozona Prout 1923
T. acyrota Prout 1941

Row D
Triphosa rubrodotata (Walker 1862)
T. largeteauaria (Oberthur 1881) as
largetauaria
T. venimaculata (Moore 1867)
T. expansa (Moore 1888)

Row E
Triphosa lugens Bastelberger 1909
T. vantaizanensis Wileman 1916
T. praesumtiosa Prout 1941
T. acutipennis Warren 1896

Row A
Calocalpe tremodes Prout 1941
C. anestia Prout 1941.
C. titubata Prout 1941
C. valentula Prout 1941 as inanis

Row B
Calocalpe tristis Prout 1914
C. tristis Prout ab. bicolor Prout 1914
C. inanata (Christoph 1881)
C. hypolopha (Hampson 1895)

Row C
Calocalpe marmoraria (Leech 1897)
C. abraxidia (Hampson 1895)
C. flavipes (Ménéntriés 1858)
Stamnodes spectatissima Prout 1941

Row D
Stamnodes depeculata lamarum Prout 1941
S. elwesi Alphéraky 1895 mS
Palaeomystis faicataria (Moore 1867)
Docivava affinis Warren 1894
D. aequilineata Walker 1863

Row E
Docivava distata Prout 1941
D, flavilinata Wileman 1915
D. fulgurata (Guenée 1858)
Carsia emphracta Prout 1941

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

PLATE

Row F
Triphosa pallescens Warren 1896
T. nigralbata (Warren 1888)
T. albiplaga (Oberthur 1887)
IT. dubiosata (Walker) ab. variegata Prout
1914
T. confusaria (Leech 1897)

Row G
Triphosa empodia Prout 1941
T. dubiosata (Walker 1862)
IT. macroprova Prout 1941
T. confusaria tarachodes Prout 1941
T. tremulata multilinearia (Leech 1897)

Row H
Triphosa luteimedia Prout 1941
T. sesevaria (Oberthur 1893)
T. moniliferaria (Oberthur 1893)
T. melanoplagia (Hampson 1902)
Calocalpe alternata (Staudinger 1896)

34
Asaphodes parova (Meyrick 1884)

Row F
Asaphodes megaspilata (Walker 1862)
A, amblyterma Meyrick 1931
Loxofidonia rufescens (Butler 1879)
. Stephanitis (Meyrick 1907)
. cingala (Moore 1887)
. obfuscata (Warren 1893)
. rufescens (Butler) ab. falcata (Butler 1879) —

all ll Se

Row G
Loxofidonia b. bareconia (Swinhoe 1894)
L. bareconia pallidistriga Prout 1937
L. sigmata Prout 1941
L. taiwana (Wileman 1914)
L. buda (Swinhoe 1895)
L. plumbilinea (Warren 1906)
Scordonia lamae (Alphéraky 1897)

Row H
Eulype scotaria (Hampson 1907)
E. lugens (Oberthur 1886)
Eustroma aurigena (Butler 1880)
Pareustroma fissisignis chrysoprasis (Oberthur
1884)
Photoscotosia penguionaria (Oberthur 1893)

Row I
Electrophaes chimakaleparia (Oberthur 1893)
as chimacaleparia

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 429

Cidaria fulvata nugata Felder 1875
Eulype chinensis (Leech 1897)
Electrophaes aliena (Butler 1880)

Row A
Sterrhochaeta pictipennis (Warren 1906)
. semivadiata (Warren 1907)
. lamia Prout 1941
. v. vectilineata (Warren 1898)
. vectlineata diffidens Prout 1941
. ruptistriga (Warren 1906)
. argyvastvape Prout 1916

NnNnNNnNN

Row B
Sterrhochaeta tanaorrhina Prout 1941
S. fulgurata (Warren 1906)
S. flexilinea (Warren 1906)
. discinota (Warren 1906)
. distorta (Warren 1906)
. constellata (Warren 1906)
. aphanisis Prout 1941
. splendens (Warren 4906)

NHNnHN

Row C
Sterrhochaeta olivacea (Rothschild 1915)
. subtilis (Prout 1916)
. subrubescens (Warren 1906)
. ineola (Warren 1903)
. biflexa Prout 1941 °
. leucosphena Prout 1941
. subcaesia (Warren 1906)
. auratisquama (Warren 1907)

NNnNNnNUnHHHNH

Row D
Xenoclystia delicata Warren 1906
X. delectans Warren 1906
X. nigroviridata (Warren 1896)
X. unijuga Prout 1926
X. phaeoloma Prout 1926
Desmoclystia abata Prout 1941
D. unipuncta (Warren 1906)
D. humerata (Warren 1906)

ENTOM. 6, 12

Asaphodes abrogata (Walker 1862) as
mesodonta
Lithostege inanis Prout 1941 as abrogata

PLATE 35

Not issued

PLATE 36

Row E
Desmoclystia hirticosta. (Warren 1907)
D. nigribasis (Warren 1906)
D. prouti Sick 1941
Sterrhochaeta abbreviata Prout ab. continuata

Sick 1941

Desmoclystia abbreviata Prout 1941
D. rubecula (Warren 1906)
Sterrhochaeta antennata (Warren 1906)
Desmoclystia fulvistriga (Warren 1906)
D. prodiga (Warren 1907)

Row F
Desmoclystia onivia Prout 1941
D. aypna Prout 1941
D. falsidica (Warren 1903)
D. prodicia Prout 1923
D. cnecoplaca Prout 1929
A hpithecia viridata reliquifascia Prout 1926
A, viridata wilemani Prout 1931

Row G
Piercia subviridis (Hampson 1902)
P. mononyssa (Prout 1926)
P. vividiplana (Bastelberger 1911)
P. imbrata (Guenée 1858)
P. fumataria verticata (Warren 1901)
Chaetolopha incurvata (Moore 1888)
C. rubicunda (Swinhoe 1902)
C, flavicorpus (Warren 1906)

Row H
Chaetolopha coerulescens (Warren 1906)
C. turbinata Prout 1941
C. tafa Prout 1941.
C. 0. ornatipennis (Warren 1906)

24

430 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

C. synclinogramma (Prout 1916)
C. decipiens (Butler 1886)
C. emporias (Turner 1904)
C. leucophragma (Meyrick 1891)

Row I
Chaetolopha oxyntis (Meyrick 1891)
Propithex g. glaucisparsa Prout 1932
P. tristriata (Warren 1906)
P. alternata Warren 1899
Hypenorhynchus erectilineata (Moore 1888)
Carbia nexilinea (Warren 1898) as
flavimaculata
Pardodes f. flavimaculata Warren 1896 as
calescens
Carbia calescens Walker 1866 as nextlinea

PLATE

Row A
Eccymatoge callizona (Lower) ab. abiens
Prout 1941
Collix leuciota Prout 1929
C. haploscelis Prout 1925
C. suffusca Warren 1907
C. adamata Prout 1941

Row B
Collix blosyra Prout 1926
C. stellata Warren 1894 as rufipalpis
C. rufipalpis (Hampson 1907) as stellata
C. g. griseipalpis Wileman 1916
C. griseipalpis phaeochiton Prout 1932

Row C
Collix rhabdoneura Prout 1941
C. purpurilita Prout 1925
C. basicristata Prout 1923
C. hypospilata Guenée 1858
C. hypospilata Guenée underside

Row D
Collix praetenta Prout 1929
C. examplata Warren 1906
C. mesopora Prout 1932
C. g. ghosha Walker 1862 as gosha
C. subligata Warren 1896

Row E
Collix dichobathra Prout 1931
C. lasiospila (Meyrick 1886)
C. r. vufidorsata Prout 1929
C. elongata Warren 1902
C. multifilata Warren 1896
Horisme elachista (West 1929)

Row K
Carbia calefacta Prout 1941
C. moderata (Walker 1866) 1
Chaetolopha ornatipennis nepenthes Prout 1941 —
Pomasia sparsata Hampson 1902
P. denticlathrata Warren 1893
P. parerga Prout 1941
P. vernacularia Guenée 1858

Row L
Pomasia punctaria Hampson 1912
P. reticulata Hampson 1895
P. obliterata (Walker 1866)
P. pulchrilinea (Walker 1866)
P. psylaria Guenée 1858
P. euryopis Meyrick 1897
Eccymatoge callizona (Lower 1894)

37

Row F
Horisme subradiata (Warren 1907)
H. brooksi Prout 1941
Collix stenoplia Prout 1929
Horisme flavofasciata (Moore 1888)
H. hirtivena (Warren 1906)

Row G
Horisme intrepida Prout 1932
H. erythroides Prout 1941
H. angustipennis (Warren 1906)
H. ustimacula (Warren 1906)
H. h. hyperythra (Hampson 1895)
H. olivata (Warren 1901)

Row H
Horisme b. boarmiata (Snellen 1881) 3
H. b. boarmiata (Snellen) 9
H. boarmiata leprosa (Hampson 1891) .
H. boarmiata leprosa (Hampson) ab. suffusa

(Hampson 1891)

H. xylinata (Warren 1906)
H. semirufata (Warren 1906)

Row I
Horisme steretica Prout 1941
H. subrubescens (Warren) ab. despicienda
(Butler 1889)
H. cristata (Walker 1866)
H. mortuata (Guenée 1858)
H. leucophanes (Meyrick 1891)
H. scotodes (Turner 1904)
H. rufipicta (Hampson 1895)

ee LS

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 431

Row K
Horisme avrenosus (Howes 1910)
H. gobiata (Felder 1875) 3

Row A
Horisme plurilineata (Moore 1888)
H. genuflexa Prout 1923
H. murudensis Prout 1926
H. brunneata (Warren 1906)
H. leucotmeta Prout 1923
H. notata (Rothschild 1915)

Row B
Horisme illustris Prout 1916
H. symmetrozona Prout 1923
H. chlorodesma (Meyrick 1886)
H. albicristata (Warren 1906)
H. griseata (Warren 1906)
H. contaminata (Warren 1906)
H. labeculata Prout 1932

Row C
Horisme rufilunata (Warren 1906)
H. lichenosa (Warren 1906)
H. disrupta (Warren 1906)
H. aeolotis Prout 1916
H. caliginosa (Warren 1907)
H. albimedia (Warren 1906)
Parazoma s. semifusca (Warren 1896)

Row D

Parazoma semifusca swanni Prout 1941

P. ferax Prout 1926

P. hypobasis Prout 1931

Physetobasis annulata (Hampson 1891)
P. griseipennis (Moore 1888)

P. heliocoma Meyrick 1897

Row E
Physetobasis d. dentifascia Hampson 1895
P. dentifascia rectipendens subsp. n.
Eupithecia craterias (Meyrick 1899) as
cratenas
E. prasinombra (Meyrick 1899)

Row F
Eupithecia dryinombra (Meyrick 1899)
E. phaeocausta (Meyrick 1899)
E. ruficorpus (Warren 1897)
E. acutangula Hampson 1895
E, vaniata sp. n.

H. gobiata (Felder) 9
H. anguligevra (Butler 1879)
H. anguligera (Butler) ab. bipartita Prout 1941

38

Row G
Eupithecia taiwana Wileman & South 1917
. anasticta Prout 1926
. rigida Swinhoe 1892
. unitaeniata (Warren 1906)
. deviridata (Warren 1907)
. placens (Warren 1906)
. vajata Guenée 1858
. spilocyma Prout 1931

bio i ih

Row H
Eupithecia russeola Prout 1926
E. robiginascens Prout 1926
E. circumacta sp. 0.
E. tricrossa Prout 1926
E, albibaltea sp. n.
E. pyricoetes sp. n.
E. hemileuca Hampson 1895

Row I
Eupithecia acyrtoterma Prout 1926
. tenuisquama (Warten 1896)
. infestata Swinhoe 1889
. quadripunctata Warren 1888
. kavapinensis Wileman & South 1917
. albispumata Warren 1893
. peguensis sp. Nn.

haa ahh

Row K
Eupithecia nigrinotata Swinhoe 1895
. costipicta Warren 1893
. niveivena Prout 1926
. rubvidorsata Hampson 1895
. albigutta sp. 0.
. ustata Moore 1888
E. fulcrata sp. 0.

Hah &

Row L
Eupithecia leucenthesis Prout 1926
. asema Hampson 1891
. albifurva Hampson 1907
m. mundiscripta (Warren 1907)
. leucostaxis Prout 1926
. ochvacea (Warren 1888)
. leucospila (Swinhoe 1906)
. melanolopha Swinhoe 1895
. compsodes (Meyrick 1891)

by by by by by ty ty by

432 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Row A
Eupithecia excita sp. n.
. latimedia Hampson 1895
. lineosa Moore 1888
. infuscata (Warren 1899)
. ivambata (Warren 1893)
. wardi sp. n.
. costalis (Walker 1863)

hh hhh

Row B
Eupithecia albisecta (Warren 1906)
. tenuiscripta (Warren 1907)
. leucoprora sp. n.
. bivividata (Warren 1896)
. delozona Prout 1926
. chlorophova Swinhoe 1895
. lissopis sp. n.
. eupitheciata (Walker 1863)

toto mto mt Mt Mtoe)

Row C
Eupithecia cauditornata Prout 1931
E. partitecta Prout 1931
Micromia olivaceata (Warren 1899)
M. fulvipuncta Warren 1906
M. decens (Warren 1906)
M. expectans sp. n.
M. hypocalypsis sp. n.

Row D
Micromia stabilis (Warren 1906)
M. adminiculata (Warren 1907)
M. curvimacula (Warren 1906)
M. commixtilinea (Warren 1907)
M. fulgurans (Warren 1907)
M. e. euthynsis sp. n.
M., leucocarpa sp. n,
M. novenaria sp. n.

Row E
Micromia acroscotia sp. n.
. vecessilinea sp. n.
. votundata (Warren 1906)
. caesiata (Warren 1906)
. dympna sp. n.
. dinosia (Prout 1926)
. chlaenistes Prout 1932

SSSSRS

Row F
Micromia scotochlaena Prout 1931
M. conquadraia sp. n.

PLATE 39

. vinosa (Warren 1907)

. transsecta (Warren 1907)
. latistriga (Warren 1906)
. eusemozona (Prout 1916)
. dystacta sp. n.

. infantilis (Warren 1907)

SSSSES

Row G
Micromia ectocosma sp. n.
. vividisecta (Warren 1906)
. cavilinea (Warren 1906)
. barvbata (Warren 1906) as barbara
. novella (Warren 1903)
. subcomosa (Warren 1907)
. albimixta (Warren 1906)
. ni sp. n.

SSRSRRS

Row H
Micromia thaumasia sp. n.
M. parvipennata (Warren 1906) 3
M. parvipennata (Warren) 9
M.monochasma sp. n.
M. dilopha sp. n.
Pseudosauris miranda (Warren 1903)
P. postfulvata (Prout 1916)
Chloroclystis consueta bowringi subsp. n.

Row I
Chloroclystis leucopygata Warren 1896
. horistes sp. n.
. atroviridis (Warren 1893)
. boarmica sp. n.
. infrazebrina Hampson 1895
. naga sp. n.
. speciosa Swinhoe 1902
. acygonia Swinhoe 1895

OOO OOO

Row K
Chloroclystis s. sinuosa Swinhoe 1895
. sinuosa veddita subsp. n.
. immixtaria (Walker 1862)
. ablechra Turner 1904
. metallospora Turner 1904
. planiscripta (Warren 1902)
. griseorufa Hampson 1898
. polygrvaphata Hampson 1912
. actephilae sp. n.

AANDAAAAN

—

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 433

Row L
Chloroclystis dentatissima Warren 1898
C. admixtaria (Walker 1862)
C. fragilis Warren 1899
C. eichhorni sp. n.

C. bosova (Druce 1888)

C. rubicunda Prout 1934

C. hypotmeta Prout 1934

C. rvotundaria Swinhoe 1902
C. biangulata Warren 1907

PLATE 40

Row A
Chloroclystis cuneilinea Warren 1906
. distigma sp. n.
. continuata Warren 1907
. rhodopis sp. n.
. emarginaria (Hampson 1893)
. sordida (Warren 1903)
. tavaxichroma sp. n.
. breyniae sp. n.
C. fluctuosa Prout 1934

ANAAAAD

Row B
Chloroclystis mempta Prout 1928 as menysta
. spissidentata (Warren 1893)
. infusata albitornalis subsp. n.
. latifascia (Walker 1866)
. woodjonesi sp. n.
. lepta (Meyrick 1886)
. torninubis Prout 1929
. 1, nvisibilis Warren 1907
. invisibilis invita subsp. n.

AANAADAAAAYDA

Row C
Chloroclystis filata (Guenée 1858)
C. clarkei Howes 1917
C. melanocentra Meyrick 1934
C. nereis (Meyrick 1887) as nercis
C. sphragitis (Meyrick 1887)
C. humilis Philpott 1917
C. lichenodes (Purdie 1887)

Row D
Chloroclystis m. magnimaculata Philpott 1915
. magnimaculata ivabunda subsp. n.
. halianthes Meyrick 1907
. acompsa Prout 1927
. rubella Philpott 1915
. heighwayi Philpott 1927
. ervvatica Philpott 1916

ANANAAD

Row E
Chloroclystis dryas (Meyrick 1891)
C. furva Philpott 1917
C. lunata Philpott 1912
C. charybdis (Butler 1879)

C. antarctica Hudson 1898
C. antarctica Hudson ab. hudsoni ab. n,
C. lacustris Meyrick 1913

Row F
Chloroclystis paralodes Meyrick 1913
C. urticae Hudson 1939
C. zatricha Meyrick 1913
C. punicea Philpott 1923
C. aristias Meyrick 1897
C. cotinaea Meyrick 1913
C. semochlora Meyrick 1919

Row G
Chloroclystis muscosata (Walker 1862)
C. tornospila Meyrick 1931
. melochlora Meyrick 1911
. plinthina (Meyrick 1887)
. sandycias Meyrick 1905
. rivalis Philpott 1916
. rufipellis Meyrick 1927
. semialbata (Walker 1863)

GC G)'G QO)

Row H
Chloroclystis semialbata (Walker) ab.
indicataria (Walker 1863)
. inductata (Walker 1862)
. suffusa Hudson 1928
. coloptila Prout 1929
. lanaris (Warren 1896)
. recensitavia (Walker 1862)
. celaenacris Prout 1932
. subusta (Warren 1898)

CyG Gy GS) OC)

Row I
Chloroclystis rectaria Hampson 1903
C. xenisma sp. 0.
C. pugnax sp. n.
C. festivata (Warren 1903)
. tortuosa West 1929
. apotoma sp. Nn.
. omocydia sp. n.
. rufofasciata (Rothschild 1913)
. autopepla sp. n.

OOO: OO)

434 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Row K
Chloroclystis encteta Prout 1934

C. alpinista eupora subsp. n.
C. acervicosta sp. n.

C. catabares sp. n.

C. m. modesta (Warren 1893)
C. curviscapulis sp. n. b

C. curviscapulis sp. n. 9

C. orphnobathra sp. n.

PLATE

Row A

Chloroclystis dilatata pelopsaria (Walker 1866)

3
C. dilatata pelopsaria (Walker) 2
C. dilatata hydrographica subsp. n.
C, destructata (Walker 1869)
C. insigillata (Walker 1862)
C. approximata (Walker 1869)
C. t. testulata (Guenée 1858)
C. testulata denotata (Walker 1862)
Desmoclystia dilataria (Warren 1906)

Row B
Chloroclystis cristigera (Warren 1906)
C. primivernalis Warren 1907 as vernalis
C. pallidivirens Warren 1903
. vufibasalis( Warren 1906) as rufibasis
. laticostata (Walker 1862)
. luciana sp. n.
. conversa (Warren 1897)
. olivata (Warren 1901)

Gy.Oy: C376) Cy

Row C
Chloroclystis nudifunda sp. n.
C. inaequata (Warren 1896)
. rubroviridis (Warren 1896)
. miva West 1929
. obturgescens Prout 1926
. palmaria Prout 1928 as velutina
. velutina (Warren 1897) as palmaria

SOOO O

Row D
Chloroclystis analyta Prout 1928
C. permixta sp. n. 3
C. permixta sp. n. 2
C. papillosa (Warren 1896)
C. rubrinotata (Warren 1893)
C. f. filicata (Swinhoe 1892)
C. malachitis (Warren 1903)
C. dentifera (Warren 1906)

Row L
Chloroclystis plicata Hampson 1912
. turgidata (Walker 1866)
. oedalea sp. n.
. subcostalis (Hampson 1893)
. melampepla sp. n.
. phoenicophaes sp. n.
. cuneativenis sp. n.
. pygmaeica sp. n.
. atypha sp. n.

OAM OMAMRSE

41

Row E
Chloroclystis chlorophilata (Walker 1863)
C. thaumasta Prout 1935
C. patinata (Warren 1897)
C. dissographa sp. n.
C. xanthocomes (Prout 1926) as xanthocomis
C. eugerys Prout 1929
C. seminotata Warren 1898
C. s. semiscripta Warren 1906

Row F
Chloroclystis c. craspedozona sp. n.
C. trichophora Hampson 1895

C. eurymesa (Prout 1932)

C. telygeta Prout 1932

C. rufitincta (Warren 1898)

C. decolovata (Warren 1900)

C. p. palpata (Walker 1862)

C. v. vegularis (Warren 1895)

Row G
Chloroclystis palpata diechusa subsp. n.
C. palpata javana subsp. n.
C. ovibates (Prout 1925)
C. ruptiscripta (Warren 1904)
C. coelica Prout 1932
C. variospila (Warren 1895)
C. v. vegularis (Warren) ab. tenuabilis ab. n.

Row H
Chloroclystis vegularis vividimargo subsp. n.
. diaboeta sp. n.
. eurystalides Prout 1932
. diaschista sp. n.
. viridata phaeina subsp. n.
. viridescens (Warren 1895)
. cvaspedozona heanis subsp. n.

OCA CIH ©

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 435

Row I
Chloroclystis automola Prout 1929
C. s. subpalpata sp. n.
C. subpalpata fractiscripta subsp. n.
C. hypodela Prout 1926
C. isophrica Prout 1926
C. rubrifusa (Warren 1895)
C. chlorocampsis (Prout 1926)
C. ambundata Prout 1929 as acabundata

PLATE

Row A
Milionia dohertyi WRothschild 1897 9 as
doherty
M. doheriyi Rothschild 3 as doherty
M. mediofasciata Rothschild 1896 9

Row B
Milionia mediofasciata Rothschild $
M. grandis Druce 1883 9
M. grandis Druce 3

Row C
Milionia celebensis Jordan & Rothschild 1895
as colikensis
M. pericallis Rothschild & Jordan 1905
Lobocraspeda coeruleosiviga Warren 1897 as
avoa

Row K
Eupithecia dolia West 1929

Chloroclystis bilineolata (Walker 1862)

C. malachita Meyrick 1913

Eupithecia interrubrescens (Hampson 1902)
Dysstroma filigrammaria Heydemann 1938

D. brunneoviridata Heydemann 1938

50

Row D
Milionia diva Rothschild 1904
M. callima Rothschild & Jordan 1905
M. ventralis Rothschild 1904
M. clarissima lysistrata Kirsch 1877

Row E
Milionia c. clarissima (Walker 1864)
M. basalis pyrozonis Butler 1882
M. vawakensis (Quoy & Gaimard) ab.
flammula Voll (1863)

Row F
Milionia drucei Butler ab. minahassae Strand
IQII
M. burgersi Gaede 1922
M. paradisea Jordan 1903

436 NEW SPECIES. OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

PART it

[Before his death in 1943, Mr. L. B. Prout completed a further manuscript which
included the descriptions of many new species and subspecies of Geometridae in

the British Museum (Natural History) : this manuscript would have been published —

in volume 12 of Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the World, following in sequence those
species described in the first part of this paper. The descriptions of the new species
have been extracted from his original manuscript and are published in the following
pages, together with six plates of figures. The figures are of varying magnification,

and the actual wing length of the specimen photographed, measured from base to —

apex, is given in the legend accompanying the plates.—D. S. Fletcher, Dept. of
Entomology, British Museum (Natural History).]

Ziridava xylinaria khasiensis subsp. n. (Fig. 2)

3 27-30 mm. Face pale or weakly suffused with red, generally with three —

distinct dark spots, two above and one on the cone. Fore wing with a densely
fuscous area between cell spot and postmedial fascia, bounded anteriorly by subcosta
and posteriorly by cubitus, and extending to the subterminal fascia between
subcosta and vein Sc, and between veins R, and R3.

InpDIA : Darjeeling, Gopaldhara, 3,440-5,800 ft. (H. Stevens), 1 § ; Shillong, 1 g;
Cherrapunji, I 3; tbid., xi.1893, 4 3; ibid., i.1894, 1 gf; Khasia Hills, 36 g, 5 9,
including holotype and allotype.

Ziridava xylinaria kanshireiensis subsp. n. (Fig. 3)

Similar in size and pattern to Z. x. khasiensis ; ground colour and pre-postmedial
and terminal shading on both wings darkened.

Formosa : Kanshirei, 1,000 ft., 16. vii.1g08 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢ ; ibid., |
3.vi.1908, allotype 9; 7zbid., g.iii. 1908, I 2; ibid., 19.viii.1905, I g ; Koannania, ©

21.iv.1906 (A. E. Wileman), i 3.

Examples from Palali, Benguet, in the Philippine Is., look very like those from

Formosa.

Ziridava xylinaria baliensis subsp. n. (Fig. 1)

$2 28-31 mm. Not so closely like Z. x subrubida Prout as I had at first thought

(1937, Novit.zool., 40: 183). On the whole larger still; markings of upperside —
more blurred, the pale subapical patch rarely so extendedly clear ; underside in the —

males often less densely suffused with fuscous.

BALI : 2,500 ft. (W. Doherty), 1 2; Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., vi.1935 (J. P. A. Kalis), ©
4 3, I 9, including holotype and allotype ; Git-Git, 5,000 ft., v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), —

I 2; Mondoktoempang, 2,500 ft., xi.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3, 1 9.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 437

Ziridava xylinaria florensis subsp. n.

Q 31-32 mm. Gives the impression of a good species. Large, the fore wing
very ample, markings weak, the cell dot elongate ; a fairly regular series of spots is
situate distad of the subterminal fascia.

S. Flores : xi.1896, dry season (Everett), 2 9, including holotype.

Ziridava rufinigra cedreleti subsp. n.

Differs from the nominate subspecies and from Z. rufinigra brevicellula Prout
(1916) in having darker, less fleshy-tinted wings and having the black pattern less
strongly developed, especially along the costa of the fore wing and at the anal angle
of the hind wing.

AUSTRALIA : Queensland, Cedar Bay, south of Cooktown (Meek), 5 3, 6 2, including
holotype and allotype ; Geraldton (Meek), 1 3, 3 2; Dawson, 1 &.

Ziridava asterota sp.n. (Fig. 4)

g 30 mm. Ground colour of wings cartridge buff ; costa of fore wing mottled
with black as figured ; both wings patterned with black spots posterior of vein Rg
and distad of the postmedial fascia ; fringes spotted with black at the vein ends ;
terminal interneural spots black ; postmedial fasciae and termen light vinaceous fawn,
the former spotted with black on the veins ; remainder of wings crossed by numerous
fasciae of capucine orange. Distinguished from Z. xylinaria Walker by the bright
colour and pattern.

NortH Borneo : Mt. Kina Balu, v-viii.1903 (John Waterstradt), holotype 3.

Calluga grammophora sp. n. (Fig. 5)

3Q 18-20 mm. Rather larger than C. semirasata Warren (1903) and still more
like C. costalis Moore (1887) in shape and structure but looking more heavily marked,
chiefly the result of the stronger development of the subordinate fasciae ; easily
distinguished by the acute central projection of the postmedial fascia on the hind
wing. Tufts on the male fore tibia and base of antenna nearly as in costalis and
C. cissocosma Turner (1904) ; fore wing with the costal projection in the male not
quite so strong, the venation similarly contorted ; antemedial fascia band-like.
Hind wing of the male with the costal vein anastomosing with the cell at a point
only, then approximated and later connected by a bar ; second subcostal stalked.

CENTRAL DutcH NEw Guinea : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911
(A. S. Meek), holotype § and allotype @ ; zbid., i. 1911, I 9.

British NEw GuINEA: Biagi, Mambare R., 5,000 ft., ii.1g06 (A. S. Meek),
2 2; tbid., iv.1906, I &.

ab. completa ab. n.

Of the three specimens from Biagi, two belong to the form, recurrent in the
group, in which the proximal part of the hind wing is predominently black.

438 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Gymnoscelis polyclealis albicetrata subsp. n.

Differs extremely little in colour and pattern from the nominate subspecies, but
is noteworthy in that the vestiges of the proximal spurs of the hind tibia are generally
wanting. Abdomen with a conspicuous white spot on second tergite. Hind wing
with the white postmedial spots generally large, especially the posterior one ; the
whitish area distad of the postmedial fascia is commonly continued to very near
the termen, foreshadowing . hyperocha.

W. CELEBEs : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., 11.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3 including
holotype ; Paloe, Koelawi, 3,100 ft., 111.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 2; Paloe, Lindoe,
3,700 ft., iv.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 6 g, 7 2; Paloe, Loda, 4,000 ft., v.1937
(J. P. A. Kalis), 4 2; Paloe, Sidaonta, 4,500 ft., vi.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9.

SW. CELEBES : Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., 11.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 9.

Gymnoscelis polyclealis hyperocha subsp. n.

Differs from the nominate subspecies in having the white spots on the hind wing
notably enlarged, the hind marginal one extending, though more narrowly, to the
tornus, only interrupted by two ill-defined, though rather broad, fasciae or spots of
the ground colour.

AUSTRALIA : Queensland, Kuranda, 1907 (Dodd), 3 9, including holotype.

Gymnoscelis expedita sp.n. (Fig. 6)

218 mm. Similar in size to a small G. folyclealis, which it further recalls in
the position of the postmedial fascia and the obsolescence of all markings distad of
it. Additional points of similarity are the rather thick antenna and the pronounced
gloss of the wings, which also resemble in tone the palest polyclealis. Very distinct
in the strongly sinuate margin of the hind wing and the great reduction of the
markings, which consist solely of costal spots and the incomplete postmedial fascia
on the fore wing and on the hind wing of the sharply angled postmedial fascia.
Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye, apparently slightly
longer than in folyclealis and similarly black.

Matava: Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 14.iii.1931 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype 9. .

Gymnoscelis ammocyma sp. n. (Fig. 7)

215mm. Frons with small cone. Palpus almost twice as long as the diameter
of the eye, the second segment heavily scaled. Head and body concolorous with
wings, the demarcation between the sandy dorsum and the whitish remainder
distinct on abdomen. Fore wing pale and weakly marked, with a lens shown to be
whitish and sandy in alternating, markedly waved fasciae or shades, the postmedial
and the proximal subterminal the most band-like, the former somewhat incurved
between the radials ; a few scattered black scales on the median vein and its second
branch ; cell spot minute ; terminal fascia slender and broken into dashes, blackest
on anterior half of wing. Hind wing with termen faintly concave between the

—

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 439

radials ; pattern as on fore wing, the postmedial fascia with the sinus between the
radials more pronounced. Underside paler, the principal marks developed, especially
on the hind wing ; terminal fascia stronger than on upperside.

ADEN: 8.xii.1921 (H. L. Powell), holotype 9; Sheik Othman, 20.xi.1898
(W. R. D. Grant), I &.

Gymnoscelis poecilimon sp. n. (Fig. 8)

g 22mm. Larger than the average Gymnoscelis, male abdomen and fore wing
elongate. Frons and palpus predominantly black, palpus almost twice as long as
the diameter of the eye. Antenna almost simple. Thorax, abdomen and wings
green above, the crests marked with brown ; a red, black-mixed spot on front of
tegula. Fore wing almost without irroration, except on some of the veins ; markings
on anterior half bright red brown varied with white and black. Hind wing similar,
but with the red brown weakened and restricted. Underside more drab with darker
ante- and postmedial fasciae. Related to G. festiva Warren (1903), differing in the
more elongate wing, brighter green coloration and pattern and in the less angled
postmedial fascia on the hind wing.

NEw IRELAND : 1x.1923-1.1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), 2 3, including holotype.

Gymnoscelis festiva buruensis subsp. n.

Differs from the nominate subspecies in having the suffusion of the median area
somewhat more reddish (though not so bright as in G. poecilimon) the subordinate
markings, especially on the hind wing, weaker and the postmedial fascia on the
hind wing less angular.

Buruv : Leksula-Fakal, 2,800-3,700 ft., 20.x.1921 (L. J. Toxopeus), holotype &.

Gymnoscelis festiva jubilata subsp. n.

Brighter green than in the nominate subspecies, the suffusions of the central and
especially of the distal area weakened. The postmedial fascia on the hind wing is
even more angulate than in the nominate subspecies.

SW. CELEBEs : G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A.
Kallis), holotype 9.

Gymnoscelis holoprasia sp. n. (Fig. 9)

g15-18mm. Palpus one and one-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye.
Head, body and wings predominantly light grape green, very sparsely irrorate with
_ black ; underside greyer. Abdomen at base with an indistinctly dark saddle. Fore
wing with a reddish fuscous middle area, which is proximally ill-defined and irrorate
with black ; medial fascia, distad of the somewhat darker cell spot, whitish and
twice excurved ; distal margin of middle area edged with a white, denticulate
fascia ; subterminal markings very weak. Hind wing and underside weakly marked.
Differs from the similarly coloured G. callichlora Turner (1907) in the shorter palpus,
smaller size and less angulate postmedial fasciae on both fore and hind wings.

W. Batt: Prapetagoeng, 1,500 ft., v.1935 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 6.

CEYLON : Colombo, x.1907 (Mackwood), I 6.

440 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Gymnoscelis protracta sp.n. (Fig. 10)

3g 19.5mm. Not quite so large as G. merochyta Prout (1932) ; in wing-shape and —
coloration of the hind wing very suggestive of G. deleta Hampson (1891), which
may perhaps prove to be its nearest relative. Abdomen cartridge buff with dark —
transverse shading near base and just before the white anal extremity. Fore
wing fuscous with a very characteristic longitudinal white band posterior of the cell,
curving costad distally to end abruptly at the slender and sharply marked postmedial |
fascia, which is very strongly excurved ; white subterminal fascia ending at a
conspicuous white, mid-terminal spot. Hind wing fuscous with white basal and
postmedial fasciae marked broadly at the anal margin ; subterminal fascia slender
and white, enlarged to a spot at mid-termen. Fore wing beneath more drab and
glossy, the postmedial fascia indicated rather broadly ; the distal area with two —
broad, white fasciae, one bordering the postmedial fascia, the other close to the
termen. Underside of hind wing similar to that of fore wing, but whiter in proximal —
half of wing.

MatayA : Perak, Larut Hills, 3,700 ft., at light 14.11.1932 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype 3. 1

Gymnoscelis pyrissous sp.n. (Fig. II)

$2 17-20 mm. Larger than G. imparatalis Walker (1865) but with similarly
extreme elongation of the male abdomen and the fore wing. Tuft at base of fore —
coxa much less blackened. The fore wing may be regarded as intermediate between
those of G. biangulata Swinhoe (1902) or G. oblenita sp. n. (Fig. 19) and imparatalis,
in that the postmedial fascia is twice outwardly angled, more acutely than in
oblenita but less extremely than in biangulata. Underside, also as in imparatalis,
suffused and very weakly marked. Apparently fairly constant, except for the —
sexual dimorphism, which is similar to that of <mparatalis.

TAMBORA : low country, iv-v.1896 (W. Doherty), 2 3, 1 9, including holotype and ~
allotype ; z7b7d., 2,500-4,000 ft., I g ; 2bzd., 2,500-4,000 ft., vi. 1896, 2 3.

Gymnoscelis imparatalis opta subsp. n.

Differs from the nominate subspecies in having the ground colour of the wings
warm cinnamon buff, the middle area almost immaculate, the other areas with heavy
markings ; underside also less dark with the postmedial fasciae on both wings and
the subterminal fascia on the hind wing usually distinct.

VuLcAN ISLAND : xi. 1913-i. 1914 (Meek), 5 3, 13 2, including holotype and allotype.

Gymnoscelis anaxia sp.n. (Fig. 12)

g 19 mm.; 917 mm. By the shape of the postmedial fascia on the fore wing,
this would seem to be closely related to G. tristrigosa Butler (1880), though the
abdomen is not so slender. The longitudinally oblique streak of that species is —
apparently lost and the fascia of the hind wing is less acutely angled, especially —

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 441

on the upperside ; in both these respects it approximates more closely to G. delocyma
Turner (1904). Postmedial fascia of fore wing broad in its anterior half.

TOEKAN BessI IsLANDs : Tomia, xii.1go1 (H. Kuhn), 2 3, 1 9, including holotype
and allotype.

Gymnoscelis tristrigosa nasuta subsp. n.

Confined, so far as is known, to the Palni Hills. Has the wings more attenuate
than in the nominate subspecies ; the postmedial fascia of the fore wing is less
straight and less perpendicular in its anterior half and the irregularities of the
postmedial fascia of the hind wing are somewhat exaggerated.

S. InpIA: Palni Hills, 1 3; 2bid., (Campbell), 2 3, 1 9, including holotype and
allotype.

Gymnoscelis tristrigosa tongaica subsp. n.

618mm. A small male of bright brown colour, inclining to cinnamon ; middle
area almost immaculate. Evidently represents a local race, analagous to G.
imparatalis opta.

TonGA IsLANDs : Haapai Islands, i.1g11, holotype ¢.

Gymnoscelis argyropasta sp.n. (Fig. 13)

$2 20-21 mm. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye ;
first segment fuscous beneath ; second segment beneath with a small fuscous tuft at
end ; third segment blunt, small but distinct. Antennal ciliation vestigial. Fore
coxa with a tuft of black scales at base, as in the imparatalis group. Male abdomen
elongate but robust. Fore wing light brown with a faint tinge of olive ; fuscous
irroration generally weak, though rather variable in amount, most noticeable in the
proximal area; some iridescent silvery-white irroration ; cell spot small, rarely
conspicuous ; sub-basal fascia black at costa ; antemedial fascia compound, generally
connected by dark shading ; postmedial fascia strongly excurved anteriorly and
edged distally by a crenulate white line ; subterminal fascia dentate, made conspicuous
in places by the accompanying dark shades ; terminal fascia interrupted at the
veins. Hind wing with termen rather strongly rounded ; an immaculate white
streak along fold ; postmedial fascia strongly outbent with black markings on the
veins ; otherwise patterned as on fore wing. Underside more glossy, confusedly
marked.

St. MATTHIAS ISLAND : vi.1923 (A. F. Ezchhorn), 1 3, 2 9, including holotype
and allotype.

SQUALLY ISLAND : viii.1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), i 3.

WOODLARK ISLAND : iii-iv.1897 (A. S. Meek), 3 .

ST. AIGNAN ISLAND : x-xi.1897 (A. S. Meek), 1 g, 1 9.

RossEL ISLAND: iii.1898 (A. S. Meek), 1 4.

Witu IsLAND : vi.1925 (A. F. Eichhorn), i 9.

442 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Gymnoscelis lavellasp.n. (Fig. 14)

217.5 mm. Previously confused with G. ochriplaga Warren (1905) ; the palpus

is shorter, scarcely if at all longer than that of female G. imparatalis ; abdomen not —

bicolorous. Fore wing with first subcostal vein running into costal (in ochriplaga
anastomozing) ; colour contrasts sharper than in that species ; distal area, except
tornad, weakly marked. Hind wing with the dark parts red brown instead of

black, the pale area quite differently shaped and not ochreous, except for a slight —

ochreous brown tinge distally, and continuing fairly broad to costa.
SoLomon IsLanps : Vella Lavella, iii.1908 (A. S. Meek), 1 9.

Gymnoscelis distatica sp.n. (Fig. 15)

¢ 18.5 mm.; 9 21-22 mm. Male very similar in shape and structure to the male

of G. imparatalis Walker (1865), but with just the same coloration and markings as

the female, which is rather large and ample-winged and more likely to be confused ©

with G. deleta Hampson (1891) than with imparatalis. Abdomen with two or

three broad, dark, transverse bands dorsally. Fore wing with the cell spot in the

female rather large, but fused with an outward angle in the antemedial fascia ;
postmedial fascia with the angles before the first and behind the third radial about
equal and moderate, the white fascia outside it single, sharply defined distally by a
further dark fascia ; distad of the postmedial area, the wing is pale and buff-tinged

at the costa and again in cellule three ; distal area with broad, longitudinal, dark

suffusions, one at the radials, the other in the tornal region ; subterminal fascia

slender and dentate ; fringes rather dark with conspicuous, pale dots at the vein —

ends. Hind wing rounded ; proximal part dark; postmedial fascia denticulate
with a small inward curve posterior of middle ; a white band distad of the postmedial

broadens posteriorly ; subterminal fascia strongly dentate, expanding in posterior —

half into a white terminal band ; the area between these two white bands is light

buffy brown so that the whole region forms a large pale area, recalling Chloroclystis ©

infusata albitornalis Prout. Underside quite weakly marked ; both wings dusky to
beyond middle ; the pale parts of the distal area of the upperside weakly reproduced.
Inp1A4 : Khasia Hills, 1 3, 5 9, including holotype and allotype ; Cherrapunji, 1 9.

Gymnoscelis derogata griseifusa subsp. n.

917mm. Smaller than average G. derogata Walker (1866). Materially darker,
more approaching in tone the Australian G. swbrufata Warren (1898), but retaining
on the upperside more of the reddish admixture and having nearly the same
postmedial fascia as the nominate subspecies. The reddish underside has on both
wings a weakened reproduction of the dark proximal markings, the antemedial
fascia of the fore wing and the sub-basal of the hind wing, which are very strongly
marked on the upperside.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, Gunong Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 9.

o

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 443

Gymnoscelis derogata abrogata subsp. n.

Similar in size to the preceding. Fore wing coloured nearly as in the nominate
subspecies ; antemedial fascia dark, smooth-edged and sharply defined distally,
ill-defined proximally and giving place to a pale olive greyish sub-basal area ;
middle area ill-defined distally ; postmedial fascia very slender and dark, almost
obsolete in its posterior half. Hind wing a little more suffused with greyish ; the
dark sub-basal patch is reduced to some less dark remnants.

BriTIsH NEw GUINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., ii.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.),
holotype &.

Gymnoscelis phoenicopus sp. n. (Fig. 16)

Q 22mm. Closely related to G. derogata Walker (1866) but larger and with the
palpus considerably longer, almost two and one-half times as long as the diameter of
the eye. Fore coxa with a similar black patch at base. Fore wing reddish, but
rather less strongly so than G. subrufata Warren (1898), especially on the underside ;
first subcostal vein anastomosing slightly with costal ; proximal dark band wanting,
but perhaps variable as in the allies ; antemedial fascia strongly dentate ; postmedial
fascia projecting less than in subrufata. Underside with the postmedial fascia less
obsolescent than in derogata, but not sharply defined.

CENTRAL CERAM : Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xili.1g19 (C. F. & J. Pratt), holotype 9.

Gymnoscelis erymna nephelota subsp. n. (Fig. 17)

Differs from the nominate subspecies in having the medial and tornal areas of
the fore wing suffused with dark or purple grey.

Fiy1: Lautoka, 29.x.1930 (H. Phillips), 2 2 including holotype ; Vunidawa,
m.t.1932 (H. Phillips), 1 9; tbid., 2.vii.1932, I 2; sbid., 26.vil.1932; 71b7d.,
22 .1x.1932, I 9.

Gymnoscelis mesophoena hagia subsp. n.

Very like some small and sharply marked G. m. mesophoena Turner (1907),
especially on the upperside ; general tone grey and brown rather than green and
purplish ; the irregularities of the postmedial fascia pronounced. Underside much
browner, becoming whitish near termen, particularly in the apical part of the fore
wing ; postmedial fascia of fore wing strongly curved anteriorly so as to reach
costa more obliquely than in the nominate subspecies.

St. Matruias ISLAND: vi-vii.1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), holotype 3.

Gymnoscelis mesophoena taprobanica subsp. n. (Fig. 18)

Rather paler than the nominate subspecies, but differing chiefly in the deeper
indentation of the postmedial fascia between the radials on the fore wing and often
also on the hind wing.

CEYLON : 6 g, 15 2; Puttalam, holotype ¢; Kaslandi, iv.1902 (Mackwood), 1 9 ;

444 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

acq. Doncaster, 1892, I 3, 2 2 ; Waftegama, vi.1905 (Mackwood), 1 9 ; Nawalapitiya, —
I 2; Maskeliya, September, 1 9.

Gymnoscelis mesophoena celebensis subsp. n.

Very variable in size, the average probably the same as in the nominate subspecies.
Almost invariably colder grey than any other subspecies ; the postmedial fascia on
the fore wing as in m. taprobanica or intermediate, that of the hind wing as irregular —
as in m. hagia. Underside drab grey without any vinaceous tinge.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, goo ft., xi.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), I 9;
Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i-ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 8 3, 20 9, including holotype
and allotype.

Gymnoscelis oblenita sp.n. (Fig. 19)

g17mm. Evidently very near G. mesophoena Turner (1907) with closely similar —
femoral tuft. Male palpus longer, rather more than one and one-half times as long
as the diameter of the eye, with a more elongate third segment. Ciliation one-third —
as long as the diameter of the shaft, a little shorter than in mesophoena. Wings ©
and abdomen slightly less elongate. Colour more brownish, the proximal part of ~
the fore wing somewhat diffuse, the subterminal shading weak and uniform. Hind
wing with proximal markings faint ; postmedial fascia not appreciably indented
medially. Underside with only the postmedial fasciae clearly developed ; subterminal
shade discernible on fore wing.

Maraya : Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., at light 17.iii. 1931 (HW. M. Pendlebury),
2 g, including holotype.

Gymnoscelis conjurata sp.n. (Fig. 20)

$2 19-21 mm. Fore femur of male clothed similarly to those of G. mesophoena
Turner (1907) and G. oblenita. Both wings in the male with the termen gibbous,
the fore wing in its anterior part, the hind wing more centrally ; costa of fore wing
with a fringe of projecting hair near base. Coloration nearly as in G. ectochloros
Hampson (1891) ; postmedial fascia of fore wing with projections both in front of
the first radial vein and between the third radial and the first medial ; light green ~
‘band between the postmedial fascia and the subterminal shade broad and clear.

CEYLON : Punduloya, vi-vii.1897 (Green), holotype g, 2 2; Maskeliya, 2 9,
including allotype ; Harutu, 1 gj; ex Green coll., 1 9; Haputali, 1 3.

Gymnoscelis latipennis sp.n. (Fig. 21)

$17-I9gmm. Very near G. albicaudata Warren (1897), the fore wing still broader —
than in G. ectochloros Hampson (1891), the costal fringe longer proximally and
continuing, though shortening, to beyond two-thirds ; femoral fringe strong (mostly —
abraded in type.) Browner; the white mid-terminal spot distinct on both wings;
the postmedial fasciae, both above and beneath, more outwardly dentate at the
third radial vein.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 445

MarayA : Perak, Gunong Ijan, 2 J, including holotype ; Selangor, Bukit Kutu,
3,500 ft., at light 14.iv.1926 (H. M. Pendlebury), 2 3.
Inp1A : Khasia Hills, xi.1894, 1 J.

Gymnoscelis latipennis nepotalis subsp. n.

g 22mm. Considerably larger than the nominate subspecies, rather darker and
more strongly marked, especially as regards the antemedial fascia of the hind wing
above and beneath, the angle of which touches the black cell spot ; postmedial
fascia of hind wing less angled.

E. JAvaA : Tengger, Singolangoe, 5,000 ft., v.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype d.

Onagrodes victoria sp.n. (Fig. 25)

d 22-23 mm. Fore wing with posterior area rather ample ; inner margin with a
. tuft of black, posteriorly projecting scales just before tornus ; ground colour bister ;
_ postmedial and subterminal fasciae warm buff and dentate, the former toothed
- distad between veins Sc; and R,, incurved basad posterior of vein M,, thence
straight to inner margin; dark cell mark not very intense. Hind wing without
buff scale-patch ; a little paler than fore wing, almost unicolorous ; anal margin
folded, enclosing a tuft of black scales ; indications of a dark terminal fascia and,
at least posteriorly, its accompanying warm buff vein-dashes. Underside of both
wings snuff brown ; ante- and postmedial and terminal fasciae pale and broad.

Burma : S. Tenasserim, Victoria, xii.1890 (W. Doherty), holotype 3 ; Tenasserim
Valley, East of Tovoy (Doherty), 1 3.

Onagrodes barbarula sp. n.

¢ 24mm. Notwithstanding the vast geographical separation, this is evidently a
close relative of O. victoria, perhaps eventually a subspecies. Except that the
black scale-tuft on the immer margin of the fore wing appears considerably reduced,
no other marked structural difference is apparent. Vertex and tegula clay-colour,
thorax above dark brown. Fore wing slightly more expanded posteriorly than in
victoria, in colour not quite so uniform, being slightly darker in the medial than
the distal area, the pale dividing fascia conspicuous except posteriorly where,
posterior of vein M, it bends sharply basad, reminiscent of the well-known Alcis
vepandata Linn. and its near relatives of the Palaeartic and Himalayan faunas.
Underside moderately well marked, the fore wing from costa to median vein, the
hind wing throughout ; on the fore wing a dark cell spot and strongly curved and
band-like postmedial and subterminal fasciae on a snuff brown ground colour ;
on the hind wing these bands are rather more proximally placed.

NEw IRELAND: xii.1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), holotype 3.

Onagrodes oosyndica sp.n. (Figs. 22, 23)

3 23 mm.; 2 23-24 mm. This and the following species show the culmination
of the male specializations of Onagrodes, the hind wing bearing both the buff spot

ENTOM. 6, 12. 25

446 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

and the black hind marginal pencil. In oosyndica the size (little over 1 mm.) and
position of the former agree accurately with those of O. recurva Warren (1907), of —
which it might have been considered a subspecies but for the presence of the small
pencil or fringe beyond the middle of the anal margin of the hind wing. Abdomen —
with middle segments dark dorsally. Fore wing drab densely irrorate with snuff
brown to bister ; cell spot more heavily marked in bister ; a conspicuous spot of the
pale ground colour midway along vein SM,. Hind wing drab in proximal two-thirds —
with a patch of light buff specialized scaling medially ; snuff brown in distal third.
In the female the wings are dark olive buff ; numerous transverse fasciae, conspicuous
cell spot and terminal area, except on veins, drab to fuscous. Underside bister ;
inner margin of fore wing, broad antemedial, medial, postmedial and subterminal
fasciae light buff.

MarayA : Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 4,800 ft., at light 17-24.vi.1935 (H. M.
Pendlebury) holotype g and allotype 9.

Two females from Paloe, W. Celebes probably belong to this species.

Onagrodes eucineta sp.n. (Fig. 26)

3g 22.5-24 mm. Nearly related to O. oosyndica, but readily recognizable by the
buff sex-patch on the underside of the fore wing, occupying the middle third of the
wing between veins M, and SM,. The black hair-tuft on the anal margin of the
hind wing is more strongly developed. In colour paler and less uniform than
oosyndica, the dark irroration being much reduced ; inner margin with traces of
broad, double ante- and postmedial fasciae. Snuff brown coloration on hind wing —
confined to distal fourth ; patch of buff-coloured specialized scaling on proximal
part paler and more elongate than in oosyndica.

MALAYA: Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., at light 14-16.il1.1931 (H. M.
Pendlebury), 2 3, including holotype.

Pseudomimetis vailima sp. n. (Fig. 27)

217.5 mm. Smaller than P. semiviridis Warren (1897) and more ochreous in
coloration, especially on the hind wing. Fore wing with the outer pale band complete
but very narrow, only whitish buff in its proximal half ; band at end of cell ochreous
and poorly defined. Hind wing with all markings, except cell spot, weak; no
trace of the dark tornal patch that is conspicuous in P. picta Warren (1901).

SAMOAN IsLANDs: Upolu, Vailima, 1.ii.1924 (P. A. Buxton & G. H. Hopkins),
holotype 9.

Hybridoneura metachlora (Hampson) ab. semivinosa ab. n.

Postmedial and subterminal markings of fore wing very weak, leaving almost
entire outer area uniformly vinaceous.

CEYLON : Haputale, holotype 2; Galagedera, I 9.

NortH Borneo : Mt. Kina Balu, v-viii.1903 (John Waterstradt), 1 9.

CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 2; Paloe,
Lindoe, 3,700 ft., iv.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), I 9.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 447

Hybridoneura metachlora lativitra subsp. n. (Fig. 29)

g 185 mm. Differs from H. m. metachlora Hampson (1907) in having the
membranous patch on the fore wing shorter and broader. In the nominate subspecies
the ratio of breadth to length is 4:5 : 1-8 ; in dativitra it is 4-0 : 2-4.

Maraya : Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., at light 16.111. 1931 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype ¢.

Hybridoneura truncata sp.n. (Fig. 28)

620mm. Membranous patch on fore wing shorter than in the preceding species ;
ratio of breadth to length 3-3 : 2-0 ; black cell streak more strongly concave ; apical
area suffused with russet ; a conspicuous fuscous costal spot is situate proximad of
the subterminal fascia. Hind wing with a fringe of long hair from costal margin,
not spreading forward so much as that of Mariaba convoluta Walker (1866), being
more nearly parallel with the costal margin itself.

BriTIsH NEw GUINEA: Hydrographer Mountains, 2,500 ft., i-ii.1g18 (Eichhorn
Bros.), 2 3, including holotype.

Antimimistis attenuata melamphaes subsp. n.

62 18-22 mm. Upperside more sombre than in A. a. attenuata Moore (1887), the
subordinate fasciae weakened, especially in the median area of both wings ; mid-
subterminal whitish spots nearly always very small, sometimes wanting. Underside
in the male darker, sometimes almost unicolorous, invariably with the pale fasciae
greatly weakened.

W. CELEBES: Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, goo ft., xi.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9;
tbid., 1,800 ft., xii.1936, 2 J ; Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i-ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis),
5 3,4 9, including holotype and allotype ; Paloe, Koelawi, 3,100 ft., iii.1937 (J. P.
A. Kalis), 3, 1 2; Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft. (J. P. A. Kalis), 3 3, 2 2; Paloe, Loda,
4,000 ft., v.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3, 3 2; Paloe, Sidaonta, 4,500 ft., vi.1937
at: F. A. Kalts), 3 6, 1 9.

SW. CELEBEsS : Pangean, near Maros, 2,000 ft., iii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 9.

Antimimistis cuprina sp.n. (Fig. 30)

62 20-25 mm. Hind tibia of both sexes with one pair of spurs. Larger than
attenuata Moore. Head, abdomen and the lighter parts of the wings, particularly
the clean band distad of the postmedial fascia, with a much more coppery tone,
giving the species a most distinctive appearance. Breast and spot on tegula
reddish. Fore wing with the dark median area almost unicolorous, except for three
very slender white fasciae, which generally stand out sharply, the medial fascia
bent more acutely on the first radial vein than in most Antimimistis. Abdomen
with the dark transverse markings reduced to intersegmental lines, a white line
dividing it from the thorax. Underside moderately well marked.

CEYLON : Haldamulla (Mackwood), 1 3; Kandy (Mackwood), 3 3, I 9, including
holotype and allotype.

448 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Brabira operosasp.n. (Fig. 31)

3 25 mm.; 2 27-5 mm. Confused by Hampson in the British Museum with B.
costimacula Wileman (1915) and with some other undescribed species similar to
B. atkinsoni Moore (1888). Tone slightly more fleshly than in most of the group,
including costimacula, in which there is more of an olive tinge. Fore wing with
cell spot narrowed ; two approximated and parallel antemedial fasciae ; postmedial
fascia developed into a shadowy band ; subterminal fascia accompanied anteriorly
by a grey shade. Hind wing with second subcostal vein coincident with first radial,
not stalked ; the projection of the termen about the first median in both sexes
much less developed than in costimacula.

SIKKIM : 7,000 ft., vii.1896 (Pilcher), holotype 3; 2bid., vii.1g09 (F. Moller),
allotype .

Microloba bella taracta subsp. n.

Differs from the nominate subspecies in the hind wing, in which the cell is a
little shorter and the cell spot almost obsolete ; on the underside the band distad
of the cell spot is concise and a little bent.

SIKKIM : (Knyveitt), holotype 3; zbid., 25.v.1889, I 3.

Heterophleps parapasta sp.n. (Fig. 33)

3 33 mm. Closely similar to H. acineta Prout (1926) and found on the same
mountain at a higher elevation. Antenna with the fascicles rather less developed,
as also the short teeth from which they arise. Abdomen more slender. Fore
wing above scarcely distinguishable, beneath with a broader orange costal edge.
Hind wing larger, noticeably more angled at the third radial vein, its fascia rather
more distally placed though on the upperside very indistinct.

Buroa : Mt. Victoria, Pakokku, Chin Hills, 2,600 m., 2-31.v.1938 (G. Heinrich),
holotype 3.

Heterophleps heinrichi sp.n. (Fig. 32)

g 27-28 mm. May be placed next to H. variegata Wileman (1911) though the
antennal ciliation is less long, the posterior area of the hind wing less extremely
reduced, and the first median vein extends to the “ false ”’ tornus instead of extending
to the abdominal margin. The warm colour of the fore wing begins to approach
that of H. sinearia Wehrli (1931) or rather—in having the distal area somewhat
suffused with dark grey—H. sinuosaria Leech (1897); antemedial fascia very
slight ; costal spots relatively large and black, the distal one irregularly quadrate.
Hind wing with discocellulars angled inward at radial fold, thence very obliquely
outward ; second radial vein arising very near third; first median vein also
approximated.

Burma : Pakokku, Chin Hills, 2,200 m., 15-30. vi.1938 (G. Heinrich), 4 3, including
holotype.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 449

Ellipostoma nom. n.

The generic name Myostoma Warren (1893) is preoccupied by Myostoma Robineau-
Desvoidy (1830). To replace it, the name Ellipostoma is proposed.

Cryptoloba mesta sp.n. (Fig. 35)

32 29-35 mm. Areole simple ; discocellulars in female not biangulate. Similar
in structure to C. aerata Moore (1867) but with rather shorter antennal pectinations.
In the restriction of the yellow markings, similar to C. minor Warren (1893). Differs
from both in the fore wing in the centrally excurved medial fascia and in the increased
black shading accompanying the transverse fasciae and the subterminal spot about
the first radial vein ; differs also in the straighter postmedial fasciae on both the
upper and undersides of both wings and in the increased black marking on the
-underside. Cell spot on fore wing small; on hind wing variable.

Inp1A : Sikkim, 7,000 ft., 1889 (O. Moller), 1 9 ; Sikkim, 1884 (R. P. Bretaudeau),
I 9; Darjeeling, vii. 1886 (H. J. Elwes), 1 2 ; Darjeeling, 3,440-5,800 ft. (H. Stevens),
2 5,1 @; Shillong, 11.1884, 2 3, including holotype ; Cherrapunji, 3 ¢ (viii. 1893 ;
xi.1893 ; vii.1894) ; Khasia Hills (Nissary), 22 g, 5 9.

BHUTAN : ix.1888 (O. Moller), 2 3; 2,500 ft., 5.viii.1895 (Dudgeon), 1 9.

Burma : Mishmi Hills, Dingliang, 2,450 ft., 14.i11.1935 (M. Steele), 1 3.

Cryptoloba peperitis sp.n. (Fig. 36)

3g 35 mm. Areole, female discocellulars and pectinations of antennae as in the
preceding species. Fore wing as far as the subterminal fascia with nearly the same
pattern as C. aerata Moore (1867), but paler and with the yellow admixture less
extended ; subterminal fascia broken into lunules, rather as in the preceding species,
but with a more continuous and white, not yellow, mark from the second radial
vein to the tornus. Differs from C. minor Warren (1893), aerata and mesta in the
pale hind wing, which is cartridge buff irrorate with fuscous.

Inp1A : Sikkim (0. Moller), holotype 3.

A worn female from Buxa, Bhutan, seems to belong with this species.

Cryptoloba metorchatica sp.n. (Fig. 34)

235mm. Probably quite nearly related to C. peperitis, but in pattern more like
a Carige. Fore wing slightly broader than in peperitis, costa a little more curved,
termen appreciably concave anteriorly with a small, rounded tooth at the third
radial vein ; much yellower in colour, the blue-whitish patches being much reduced
and the dark irroration less coarse ; the paired fuscous black markings are stronger,
contrasting sharply with the pale intervals ; terminal fascia fine, sinuous and yellow.
Hind wing appreciably sinuate between the radials ; second subcostal vein short-
stalked ; discocellulars not biangulate.

W. Cuina : Tien-Tsuen, 1901 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), holotype .

450 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Chrioloba gen. n.

Structural characters nearly as in Cryptoloba, with which it has hitherto been
united, notwithstanding the small size of the species and the quite different colour-
scheme. Antenna with the segments longer, the pectinations consequently more
widely spaced, more robust and suberect, usually numbering about 26. Frenulum
wanting or quite vestigial. Areole large, proportionately broad, never double;
first subcostal vein generally approaching costal, in two species anastomosing.
The hind wing is subject to considerable variation in venation, though on the whole
closely following that of Cryptoloba.

Type species : Lygranoa cinerea Butler (1880).

Chrioloba andrewesi sp.n. (Fig. 37)

$ 23 mm. Pectinations as in C. indicaria Guérin (1843), extremely long and
continuing for about 26 segments ; in C. bifasciata Hampson (1891) usually about
20, sometimes rather more. In wing-shape and pattern very suggestive of a
bifasciata with a well banded hind wing. Fore wing with very different venation ;
first subcostal vein well separated from costal, discocellulars not biangulate and
second radial vein about central. Antemedial band more broadened at costa,
weakening posteriorly ; postmedial band also broadened at costa, though less
markedly, and with only one outward tooth strong ; dark markings on subterminal
shade weak.

InpDIA : Nilgiri Hills, Pykara, 6,500 ft. (HW. L. Andrewes), holotype 3.

Chrioloba ochraceistriga sp.n. (Fig. 40)

¢g 20 mm. Structure about as in C. cinerea Butler (1880). Fore wing with no
black markings, except extremely short dashes at costal margin ; transverse fasciae
brighter than clay colour, almost ochraceous buff, slightly broadened and intensified
costad. Hind wing slightly paler. Underside of fore wing without the dark grey
suffusion in the cell which is usual in cinerea ; the costal margin as far as the costal
vein and the entire distal region at least as far as the first radial vein are suffused
with clear cinnamon buff.

Inp1A : Khasia Hills (Native coll.), holotype 3.

Chrioloba ochraceistriga sectilinea subsp. n. (Fig. 41)

g 20°5-24mm. The transverse fasciae are less bright, being divided longitudinally
by fuscous ; antemedial fascia usually straighter than in the nominate subspecies ;
apical fringe with a dark dash.

W. CuinaA : Mou-Pin, 1897 (ex. R. P. Déjean), 2 3, including holotype ; Siao-Lou,
1896 (Chasseurs Thibetains), 2 3; Tay-Tou-Ho, 1897 (ex. R. P. Déjean), 1 3.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 451

Carige extremaria coniochyta subsp. n.

6 24mm. Very similar to the smallest, greyest C. e. extremaria Leech (1897),
the tooth of the third radial scarcely so long. The best distinctions are in the
proximal subterminal dark markings, which on both wings are more extended
proximally in cellules 6 and 5 ; the subterminal fascia itself, though very slender, is
more continuous.

Burma : Mt. Victoria, Pakokku, 2,200 m., 15-30. vi. 1938 (G. Heinrich), holotype 3.

Goniopteroloba biconcava sp.n. (Fig. 38)

d 25:5 mm. In general structure and in the coloration and markings of the fore
wing very similar to G. fuscata Warren (1897), but much more pronounced
in shape. Fore wing with termen appreciably less oblique ; both wings with the
tooth at the third radial vein strengthened and the concavities deepened, on the
fore wing anteriorly, on the hind wing posteriorly. Fore wing of not quite so warm
a brown, the costal spots rather larger. Hind wing paler proximally ; the postmedial
fascia failing anteriorly, thickened and blackened posteriorly. Underside with
subtriangular blackish terminal maculation adjoining the concavity. Antennal
pectinations perhaps not quite so long as in G. fuscata.

NorTH Borneo: Mt. Kina Balu, v-viii.1903 (John Waterstradt), holotype 3.

Goniopteroloba pallida pangeanensis subsp. n. (Fig. 39)

More ochreous than the high-altitude nominate subspecies ; the markings are less
sharp and the black spot distad of the postmedial fascia on the fore wing is wanting
or vestigial.

SW. CELEBES : Pangean, near Maros, 2,000 ft., iii. 1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 4 3, including
holotype.

Leptostegna asiatica antelia subsp. n.

d2 33-40 mm. Represents the prevailing form in W. China. On the whole
larger than L. a. asiatica Warren (1893), fore wing less white-mixed, commonly
with almost the uniformly green ground colour of L. tenerata Christoph (1881), but
conserving the rather broad and conspicuously dentate transverse fasciae of the
nominate subspecies ; the ground colour is not deepened in the median area where
it touches the transverse fasciae.

CuINA : Siao-Lou, 4 3, 3 2; Tay-Tou-Ho, 1 3; Tien-Tsuen, 1 g; Ta-Tsien-Lou,
2 6 ; Chia-Kou-Ho, 1,700 ft., vii. 1889 (A. E. Pratt), 1 2 ; Wa-Shan, 6,000 ft., vi. 1889
(A. E. Pratt), i 3, 4 9, including holotype and allotype ; Chang Yang, vi.1888
(4. E. Pratt), 1 3, 1 9.

Acasis viretata himalayica subsp. n.

Besides being on the whole smaller and duller, with somewhat less uniform hind
wing, himalayica has the antemedial fascia of the fore wing more angular, in fact

452 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

rectangular at the median vein and almost or quite equally so in the reverse direction
behind the fold ; there is often more dark suffusion or irroration in the proximal —
area and almost always considerable strengthening of the subterminal maculation
between the radial veins and posteriorly. Hind wing brown grey, the postmedial —
fascia and the slender white fascia distad of it generally distinct. q
Inp1A:: Dalhousie (Harford Coll.), 1 9; Dharmsala, 1 9; Sikkim (Chasseurs
indigenes R. P. Bretaudeau), i 3 ; Sikkim, 22.iii.1888 (O. Moller), 1 2 ; Darjeeling,
I g; Assam, 7 g; Shillong, 1 g; Cherrapunji, 4 §; Khasia Hills, 25 3, including ©
holotype ; Naga Hills, 5,500-7,000 ft., ix-x.1889 (W. Doherty), 1 3.
Burma : Mishmi Hills, Dingliang, 2,400 ft., 14.iii.1935 (M. Steele), 1 ¢ ; Hpimaw
Fort, 8,000 ft., vili.1923 (A. E. Swann), 2 3 ; Htawgaw, 6,000 ft., iv-v.1923 (A. EB.
Swann), 2 3.
CuInA : Siao Lou, 1 g; Ta-Tsien-Lou, 2 ¢; Mt. Omei, 3,500 ft., 14.viii.193r _
(G. M. Franck), i 3.
Formosa : Rantaizan, 15.v.1909 (A. E. Wileman), 1 3.

Nothocasis octobris sp. n. (Fig. 42)

32 39 mm. Frons nearly smooth. Palpus slender and blackish, in the male ~
extending little beyond the frons, in the female one and one-half times as long as —
the diameter of the eye. Antennae pubescent. Male hind leg with a hair pencil. —
Wings glossy and thinly scaled. Frenulum very short. Fore wing with second ©
discocellular inbent, a more or less developed angle at base of second radial vein ;
cell spot large and black; median area composed of two bands, which consist —
respectively, in well marked specimens, of three and of four fasciae, the first
postmedial angled near costa. Hind wing with second subcostal vein in male arising —
well separated ; less unicolorous than N. neurogrammata Piingeler (1909), which
probably stands between octobris and polystictaria Hampson (1903). |

CuinA : Szechuan, Liang-fen-kang at 2,500 ft. to Shih-shah-shu at 7,400 ft., —
4.x.1929 (Kelley-Roosevelt Expedition), holotype g; Shih-shah-shu, 7,400 ft., —
7.x.1929 (Kelley-Roosevelt Expedition), 1 g, 1 2; Moupin, vi.1890 (Kricheldorff
coll.), I 3.

Trichopteryx polystictaria tsangpoensis subsp. n. (Fig. 43)

g 19:5 mm. The pattern on the fore wing is more fuscous and more clearly ~
marked ; the pale subterminal fascia is more sharply marked. The hind wing is
whiter proximally.

SE. TrsET: Tsangpo Valley, Doshong La, 10,500 ft., 21.x.1924 (F. Kingdon
Ward), holotype 3.

Trichopteryx knyvetti sp.n. (Fig. 44)

3 37:5 mm. Bears somewhat the same relationship to N. sikkima Moore (1888)
as Trichopterigia micradelpha sp.n. to T. nigronotata Warren (1893). Fore wing —
with black costal dots and some black on the sub-basal and double subterminal
fasciae ; the paired black spots between the radials large and proximally confluent ; —

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 453

medial and postmedial fasciae black brown, connected in middle and blackened at
the hind margin with a white spot between them ; antemedial fascia punctiform
from costa to base of second median vein. Hind wing with two transverse fasciae,
the proximal one the more strongly marked.

InpDIA : Sikkim (Knyveit), holotype 3.

Trichopterigia rubripuncta miantosticta subsp. n. (Fig. 47)

3 30-36 mm.; 2 37-5 mm. Fore wing with ground colour rather purer white
than in the nominate subspecies, though at least as strongly irrorate with light
greyish olive ; the red maculation almost wanting in the proximal area and reduced
in the median area ; the first fascia of the distal area placed a trifle further from the
termen, admitting of a slight elongation of the red subterminal spots, which are
moreover more extensively overlaid with dark olive grey shading distally.

WEsT CHINA: Siao-Lou, 1900 (Chasseurs indigénes), 2 3, including holotype ;
Ta-Tsien-Lou, 1893 (Chasseurs indigénes), allotype 9.

Trichopterigia dejeani sp.n. (Fig. 45)

32 37-39°5 mm. Wings, particularly in the male, less broad than in T.
rubripuncta miantosticta, to which it is nearly related ; palpus a little shorter, about
one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Fore wing with the
median area better defined than in miantosticta, the proximal two and the distal
three fasciae strengthened at the costa, enclosing in the broadened anterior half of
this area a central patch of the ground colour, whereon is situate the somewhat
inconspicuous cell spot ; first line of postmedial fascia bent or angled near costa ;
distal area rather more strongly marked than in miantosticta. Hind wing with a
minute cell spot, a narrow, somewhat shadowy grey band very near termen and
some faint proximal suffusion.

W. Cuina: Ta-Tsien-Lou, v-vi.1892 (Chasseurs thibetains), holotype 3; 7bid.,
1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), allotype 9; ibid., 1893, 1 2; tbid., été,
1894, I 2; zbid., été, 1896, I Q.

Trichopterigia rufinotata illumina subsp. n. (Fig. 46)

A considerably darker form, differing especially in the hind wing, which is grey
instead of white and has a conspicuously darkened border.
TIBET : Yatong (A. E. Hobson), holotype d.

Trichopterigia pilcheri sp.n. (Fig. 48)

3 37:5 mm.; 2 40-5 mm. Very nearly related to T. ustimargo Warren (1896), for
which Warren mistook it. Much larger and appreciably different in shape ; fore
wing with costa slightly more curved, termen not curving so strongly behind the
third radial vein ; hind wing with termen more bluntly angled at the second subcostal
vein. Markings slenderer ; the blackish hind marginal streak of the fore wing is
interrupted by the double, pale fascia which bounds proximally the posteriorly

454 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

narrowed median area. Hind wing with the postmedial fascia and distal greyish —
shading clearly though weakly defined.

Inp1A : Darjeeling, 18 .iii.1889 (Pilcher), holotype 2 ; Sikkim, 7.iv.1889 (J. G.
Pilcher), allotype 3.

Trichopterigia rivularis acidnias subsp. n. (Fig. 49)

3 33°5-34°5 mm. Rather smaller than T. 7. rivularis Warren (1893). Fore wing
more red-mixed in the median area ; black markings at basal and median thirds of —
the inner margin intensified ; distal lines of the postmedial fascia generally very
faint and incomplete ; subterminal red brown spots, especially those between the
radials, clear, scarcely or not at all mixed with gray.

W. Cuina: Tsekou (R. P. J. Dubernard), 11 3, including holotype.

Trichopterigia adiopa sp.n. (Fig. 51)

3 3455 mm.; 236mm. Closely related to T. rivularis Warren (1893). Fore wing
with the double fascia between the basal and the median areas much less angular,
sometimes bandlike ; double subterminal fascia more sinuous and interrupted, in
places thickened. Hind wing cleaner white, almost without apical suffusion.

InpIA : Darjeeling, 24.ii-9.iv.1889 (Pilcher & Knyvett), 2 3, 3 2, including holotype
and allotype. .

BHUTAN : Buxa, I Q.

Trichopterigia hagna sp.n. (Fig. 50)

3 38 mm.;2 40mm. Resembles T. adiopa. Head white, irrorate with fuscous.
Abdomen fuscous above with white spots ; white beneath. Fore wing white and
glossy with very little dark irroration ; markings much as in adiopa, fuscous mixed
with red, strongly in the female; basal patch fragmentary, even the two broad
fasciae which limit it incomplete ; median area narrow, its ante- and postmedial ©
fasciae, formed of groups of lines, approximating or coalescing about the median
vein and its branches, the postmedial straight as far as the second submedian vein,
extremely oblique and black at hind margin ; subterminal spots at radials elongate,
predominantly red. Hind wing clean white.

BurRMA : Mishmi Hills, Minutang, 3,900 ft., 21.11.1935 (M. Sieele), holotype g
and allotype 9.

Trichopterigia micradelpha sp. n. (Fig. 53)

32 28-5-30 mm. Fore wing : the white central band encloses the cell spot and is
bounded both proximally and distally by black fasciae, the distal one complete, the
proximal one more punctiform with an outward bend at the hind margin ; terminal
paired dots accompanied proximally by dark marks at veins. Hind wing cartridge
buff with a drab medial fascia parallel with the termen.

Inp1A : Sikkim, 27.iii-6.iv.1889 (J. G. Pilcher), 4 3, 4 2, including holotype and

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 455

allotype ; ibid., 23.iii. 1889 (Knyvelt), 1 3; Darjeeling, 7,500 ft., v-vi.1889 (A. V.
Knyvett), I &.
BHUTAN : Buxa, I &.

Trichopterigia teligera sp.n. (Fig. 52)

2 34:5 mm. In structure, shape and pattern near the decorata group, though with
the fore wing rather elongate, the hind wing relatively ample. Scarcely so thinly
scaled as JT. decorata Moore (1888), but much less attractive, lacking the red
subterminal spots ; fore wing more densely irrorate with dark grey and with the
black dashes on the veins more numerous and in part, more elongate ; median area
broader, the antemedial fascia with a sharp, inward angle before the second
submedian vein, the postmedial fascia with two sharp outward projections, one just
before the first radial and one just behind the third radial. Hind wing and under-
side tinged with gray, very feebly marked.

KASHMIR : Narkundah, iv.1888 (McArthur), holotype &.

Trichopterigia pulcherrima exsanguis subsp. n.

Middle area of fore wing more clearly formed of three bands, a whitish one between
two of olive gray ; the central whitish band is suffused with red distally ; the
postmedial one is almost unicolorous except for dark vein-streaks with some slight
red scaling. Hind wing without noticeable darkening at termen, but this can also
fail in T. p. pulcherrima Swinhoe (1893).

PHILIPPINE IsLANDS : Luzon, Benguet, Pauai, Haight’s Place, 17.xi-8.xii. 1912
(A. E. Wileman), 2 3, I 2, including holotype and allotype.

Trichopterigia decorata (Moore) ab. fasciata ab. n.

The median area of the fore wing, except for a small patch at the costa, is black-

gray.
InpIA : Khasia Hills, 5 g, including holotype.

Tatosoma transitaria (Walker) ab. semifasciata ab. n.

Median area of fore wing from costa to second median vein, except for a small
midcostal patch of the ground colour, suffused with fuscous. A recurrent female
form, but not common.

New ZEALAND : (Coll. G. Howes) holotype @ ; ibid., (Coll. W. Colenso), 1 9 ; Grey-
mouth, I 9.

Phthonoloba decussata moltrechti subsp. n.

$9 32-39 mm. Rather larger than the nominate subspecies. Fore wing somewhat
clearer green on account of the general weakening of some of the subordinate
markings, in particular the band between the sub-basal and antemedial fasciae ;
the fascia which divides longitudinally the extra-postmedial pale stripe in the

456 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

nominate subspecies is obsolescent and the clear green mid-subterminal patch is
extended. !

Formosa : Arizan, vis-a-vis Mt. Morrisson, Kagé District, 8,000 ft., Vi-vii. 1908 ©
(Moltrecht), 4 3, 7 9, including holotype and allotype ; Arizan, viii-ix.1908 (A. E. ©
Wileman), 6 3, 10 2; Rantaizan, 7-10.v.1909 (A. E. Wileman), 1 3, 3 9.

Steirophora permista sp.n. (Fig. 54)

32 37-38 mm. Intermediate in size between S. fasciata Moore (1888) and S.
stigmatephora Prout (1932). The paired tufts or crests on the thorax as sharply
black-spotted as in the latter species, the spots of the mesothorax better developed
than those of the metathorax. Colouring about as in fasciata, shape of markings
almost exactly as in S. altitudinum Prout (1931), from which it differs chiefly, —
apart from its colour, in the development of glittering scales on the white fasciae,
somewhat as in stigmatephora ; subterminal fascia more irregular than in fasciata.
Hind wing and underside marked about as in altitudinum and S. acrolophites Prout
(1926), but without the strong cinnamon or brownish suffusion shown by acrolophites.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon, Benguet, Pauai, Haight’s Place, 7,000 ft., 8.xi-
10.xii. 1912 (A. E. Wileman), 1 3, 2 9; ibid., 25.vi.1912, I .

Episteira delicata isoepes subsp. n. (Fig. 55)

32 29-33 mm. Larger than the nominate subspecies, the abdominal process and
the colour of the frons perhaps more nearly as in E. vacuefacta Prout (1931). The
olive gray fasciae of the median area are very uniform, with only an oblique black —
dash at the hind margin. ;

CENTRAL CERAM : Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii.1g19 (C. F. & J. Pratt), 1 3, 69,
including holotype and allotype.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii. 1936 (J. P. A. Kals), 1 9.

?Episteira carchara sp.n. (Fig. 56)

233 mm. Similar to E. euwpena (1936), but the differences are such as betoken
a separate species. Palpus slightly longer. Larger and appreciably paler. Vertex
whitish. Fore wing with sub-basal fascia straighter ; pale median space broader ;
lines of antemedial fascia reduced to a group of three, markedly zig-zag ; distal
area as in ewpena. Hind wing with the stalking of the third radial and first medial
veins shorter. Possibly the male will show a relationship with Tympanota nigrifrons”
Warren (1907).

Riu-k1u IsLanps : 1888 (H. Pryer coll), holotype 9.

Megaloba eucola sp.n. (Fig. 57)

2 37:5 mm. Related to M. postrubidaria Rothschild (1915) and with a similarly
coloured hind wing ; the second discocellular, however, is incurved and there is an
appreciable, though only slight, angle at its origin. The narrow bands which bound
the principal areas of the fore wing are much darker and better developed than in

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 457

postrubidaria, but there are no white edgings to them ; the antemedial fascia curves
inward instead of outward in approaching the second submedian vein.
GOODENOUGH ISLAND : 2,500-4,000 ft., v.1913 (A. S. Meek), holotype 9.

Megaloba loxobasma sp.n. (Fig. 60)

236mm. Probably more closely related to M. admeta sp. n. than to M. eucola
and the hind wing shows the typical Megaloba neuration, the second discocellular,
except for a very short anterior section, strongly oblique outward as far as the
origin of the second radial vein, where there is a definite angle. Fore wing with
the light bands, which limit the median area, equally broad throughout, except that
the antemedial is narrowed slightly at the hind margin, its proximal edge being here
even more oblique outward than its distal edge. Hind wing more vinaceous than in
either eucola or postrubidaria.

DutcH NEw GuINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° longitude, i.19gI1
(A. S. Meek), holotype 9.

Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., ii1.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 1 9.

Megaloba admeta sp. n. (Fig. 59)

2 36-39 mm. Larger than the preceding species and with the cell spot larger than
in any other species of Megaloba except M. crypsipyrrha Prout (1916) ; this spot and
the transverse fasciae are not, or scarcely, edged with white ; underside, like the
upperside of the hind wing, almost uniformly vinaceous with only some very faint
and inconspicuous olive grey suffusion. Venter brightly suffused with vinaceous.
Fore wing with the termen only very slightly sinuous ; end of median vein and
proximal part of third radial marked with red ; of the dark bands, the one between
the sub-basal and the antemedial fasciae is of almost even width and somewhat
sinuous ; the ante- and postmedial fasciae much as in crypsipyrrha, but with a longer
green strip posterior of the central fuscous suffusion that almost unites them ;
subterminal lunules more green than white; terminal black marks at the veins
rather elongate.

CENTRAL CERAM : Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii. 1919 (C. F. & J. Pratt), 4 9, including
holotype.

An exceedingly worn female of this or an extremely close ally from Mindanao is
interesting as showing the occurrence of the genus in the Philippine Islands.

Megaloba admeta papuana subsp. n.

Dark markings of fore wing heavy, dark grey mixed with dull red ; sub-basal
fascia broadened, the succeeding band scarcely sinuous; the pale green bands
which bound the median area somewhat broadened ; terminal area more darkly
suffused. Hind wing: second discocellular with a rather longer oblique tract
before the origin of the second radial vein than in the nominate subspecies.

Papua: Mt. Tafa, 8,000 ft., iii.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 8.

458 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Dystypoptila hebes sp.n. (Fig. 58)

3 31°55 mm. Fore wing somewhat more elongate than D. triangularis Warren
(1895), rather brighter green, but with similar pattern. Hind wing also more
elongate, very distinct in shape, the apex and tornus being more rounded, the termen
between them almost straight, only slightly waved and with a very faint sinus in its
posterior half ; dark violet grey rather than black, usually becoming more tinged
with brown in posterior half.

W. CELEBES: Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 g;
Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., 1.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3, including holotype ; Paloe,
Loda, 4,000 ft., v.1937, (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3.

Sauris eupitheciata isocraspeda subsp. n. (Fig. 62)

Sg 21-25 mm.; 2 25:5-26 mm. Possibly a distinct species, but I can find no
structural difference. Larger than the nominate subspecies, especially in the female.
Fore wing duller and less variegated, the white parts suffused with drab, a striking
contrast to Sauris eupitheciata viridata Warren (1907) from New Guinea ; cell spot
slighter ; projection of postmedial fascia somewhat blunter ; drab terminal shade
unbroken and of equal width throughout.

VULCAN ISLAND : ix.1913-i.1914 (Meek’s Expedition), 2 3, 3 2, including holotype
and allotype.

Sauris arfakensis catopercna subsp. n.

About the size of S. a. arfakensis Joicey & Talbot (1917), the female very similar,
but with the subterminal dark maculation obsolescent except between the radial
veins and at both margins. The male has the hind wing heavily suffused with dark
grey.

CENTRAL Buru : Mrapat, 5,000 ft., iii-iv.1922 (C. F. & J. Pratt), 1 3, 5 9, including
holotype and allotype.

Sauris arfakensis seclusa subsp. n.

Hind wing of male more or less suffused or shot with grey, approaching that of
S. arfakensis catopercna ; fore wing with sub-basal fascia more conspicuous than
in the nominate subspecies, more noticeably angled and its edges heavily marked
with black.

Mataya : Kedah Peak, 3,200 ft., xii. 1915, I g, 1 9; zbid., 3,300 ft., 9-29. iii. 1928
(H. M. Pendlebury), 3 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype.

Sauris patefacta sp.n. (Fig. 63)

$ 27mm.;2 28mm. Wings slightly broader than in S. arfakensis, anteriorly less
produced. Fore wing with tornus less rounded-off ; sub-basal band broader and
darker ; medial band with a strong, dark fascia preceding the true postmedial,
which is itself weaker, chiefly expressed on the veins ; subterminal maculation

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 459

narrowed ; the three pale areas, the antemedial, postmedial and terminal, broadened
and almost devoid of markings. Hind wing of the male with the lobe different in
shape from that of arfakensis, the most distal part more extended and the brightest
parts more fawn or vinaceous fawn than yellowish. Palpus in male as in arfakensis,
in the female almost as in S. gyzarces Prout (1932).

MatayA: Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 4,000 ft., 26-28.i.1929 (H. M. Pendlebury),
holotype ¢ and allotype 9.

Sauris oleariasp.n. (Fig. 61)

3 34.5 mm. Agrees essentially with S. patefacta and S. gyiarces in hind wing
structure. Palpus scarcely longer than in arfakensis, about two and one-half times
as long as the diameter of the eye. Fore wing of a deeper green than in either of
these species ; hind wing suffused with dark grey in posterior half, paling anteriorly.
Underside strongly glossy, a little more deeply tinted and more olivaceous than in
gyvarces.

SW. CELEBEsS : G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A.
Kalis), holotype 3.

Sauris erecta sententiosa subsp. n.

Differs from S. e. erecta Warren (1895) in its darker colouring, with partial
suppression of the pale area between the ante- and postmedial fasciae ; antemedial
spot on inner margin conspicuously white ; tawny band distad of the postmedial
fascia well developed.

CENTRAL CERAM : Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii. 1919 (C. F. & J. Pratt), 2 9, including
holotype.

Sauris nigrilinearia euneta subsp. n. (Fig. 64)

Differs from S. . nigrilinearia Leech (1897) in the much whiter ground colour
of the posterior two-thirds of the fore wing and anteriorly in the apical patch ; the
fuscous black pattern being better contrasted, is more conspicuous.

W. CELEBES : Paloe, Loda, 4,000 ft., v.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 9.

Sauris ptychosyrma sp.n. (Fig. 66)

3 30°5 mm. Larger than S. migrifrons Warren (1907), fore wing without the
brownish suffusion in the apical half, anterior angulations of sub-basal and of
postmedial fasciae less strong, black fascia along inner margin more extended.
Hind wing with cell one-half wing-length, lobe as long as cell with its anterior fold
more extended than in S. erecta Warren (1895).

W. CELEBEs : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype ¢.

460 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

Sauris nigrifrons unilinea Prout
Sauris nigrifrons unilinea Prout, 1932, J. F. M.S. Mus., 17: 76.

The name unilinea for the western representatives of S. nigrifrons Warren (1907)
was very unsatisfactorily published and it was only validated by the indication of
the type locality. With a wing span of 29-31 mm., it is generally larger than the
nominate subspecies, the markings less sharply defined and the angles of the ante-
medial fascia less produced.

The holotype female is from Penang and further specimens are known from
Sarawak (Poeh Mts.), Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu), Perak, Ceylon and the Khasia Hills.

Sauris basilia sp.n. (Fig. 65)

2 33-36 mm. Larger, the type (36 mm.) much larger than any other species of
this section of Sauris ; even in the absence of the male, the structure and wing
pattern of the female demonstrates its generic position. The special feature of the
females of this section is the loss of the first median vein of the hind wing ; that this
has become coincident with the third radial and not with the second median is
proved by such species as S. imbecilla Prout (1902). Palpus almost three times as
long as the diameter of the eye, strongly suffused with black. Fore wing with the
green markings in part grey green, the darker effect being produced partly by a
thickening of some of the blackish transverse fasciae ; double pale band between
medial band and distal area sharply defined. Hind wing with the stalk of the second
subcostal and first radial veins variable, but always short, between one-fourth and
one-sixth of their length, nearly always more so than in any of the related forms.

SW. CELEBES : Gunong Lampobattang, Parang-bobo Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938
(J. P. A. Kalis), 3 2, including holotype.

Sauris muscosa pleonectes subsp. n. (Fig. 67)

Q 27°5-32 mm. Larger and a darker green than S. m. muscosa Rothschild (1915) ;
the transverse fasciae are black rather than brown and, being better contrasted, are
more conspicuous ; the subterminal spots between the radial veins and the terminal
spots on the veins are strongly developed.

W. CELEBES: Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 3 9,
including holotype ; Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i-ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 3 9;
Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft., iv.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 &.

Sauris inscissa sp.n. (Figs. 68, 69)

gd 28-5-33 mm.; 2 32-33 mm. Termen of fore wing without incision ; termen of
male hind wing contorted. Generally larger than S. proboscidaria Walker (1862)
and S. usta Warren (1895). Fore wing greener and much smoother-looking ; the
principal transverse fasciae are less strongly dentate than in proboscidaria, the
subordinate ones faint ; between the antemedial fascia, which is only double at the
costa, and the postmedial fascia, consisting of three lines more or less consolidated

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 461

into a violet grey band ; there is a clear grey stripe, or at least the costal half of
such, containing the small cell spot. Hind wing almost as in usta, but in the male
more unicolorous, the brown shading of the posterior half being obsolescent.

Inp1A : Khasia Hills, 5 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype ; Cherrapunji, I 3;
Shillong, 1 ¢ ; Digboi (L. Brunt), 1 2 ; Darjeeling (Pilcher), 1 2 ; Cuddapah (Madras),
I 9; Palni Hills, r g; Nilgiris, r g, 1 9.

Burma : Hpimaw Fort, 8,000 ft., viii.1923 (A. E. Swann), 1 3; East Pegu,
4-5,000 ft., iiiiv.1890 (W. Doherty), I 9.

Sauris othniasp.n. (Figs. 70, 71)

3d 30 mm.; 9 33 mm. Perhaps a derivative of S. imscissa ; closely similar in
structure and coloration but with the fore wing curiously reminiscent of S. abnormis
Moore (1888) in that the violet grey terminal and subterminal bands have exactly
the same development. Principal transverse fasciae, especially in the holotype
male, still less bent than in inuscissa ; the allotype female is slightly broader-winged
than the female zscissa.

BATCHIAN : iii.1892 (W. Doherty) holotype ¢ and allotype @ ; tbid., 1897, 1 9.

Sauris usta (Warren) ab. stictifascia ab. n.

This, the only banded form that usta seems to produce, has the three lines of
the postmedial fascia fused into a narrow, dark band.

Mataya : Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 14.iv.1926 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 3 ; 1bid., 3,300 ft.,
30.ix.1932, holotype 3.

Sauris usta asema subsp. n.

Fore wing rather narrower, much more uniformly grey green and without the
reddish brown markings. Hind wing also with the two colours less sharply
differentiated.

E. Java : Nongkodjadjar, 4,000 ft., ix.1933 (A. M. R. Wegner), holotype 3.

Sauris oetakwana sp.n. (Fig. 72)

32 30 mm. Represents the usta group in New Guinea. Shape and colour of
fore wing nearly as in S. poeciloteucta Prout (1932), the markings at least as weak
as in usta, the dark subterminal mark at the second median not so obliquely curved.
Hind wing of male with the posterior part coloured as in usta, the anterior part less
_ whitened, the fringe infuscated both anterior and posterior of the prominence and
_ the tufts on the underside of this wing rather stronger.

Dutcu NEw GuInEA : Snow Mts., near Oetakwa R., up to 3,500 ft., x-xii. 1910
(A. S. Meek) 3 3, 1 9, including holotype and allotype.

ENTOM. 6, 12. 26

462 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES

Fic. 1. Zividava xylinaria baliensis subsp. n., holotype 3, 16 mm.
Fic. 2. Z. 4%. khasiensis subsp. n., paratype g, 13-5 mm.

Fic. 3. Z. %. kanshireiensis subsp. n., holotype g, 13:5 mm.

Fic. 4. Z. asterota sp. n., holotype ¢, 13:5 mm.

Fic. 5. Calluga grammophora sp. n., holotype ¢, 8-5 mm.

Fic. 6. Gymmnoscelis expedita sp. n., holotype 9, 8-5 mm.

Fic. 7. G. ammocyma sp. n., holotype 9, 7 mm.

Fic. 8. G. poecilimon sp. n., paratype g, 10 mm.

Fic. 9. G. holoprasia sp. n., holotype ¢, 8 mm.

Fic. 10. G. protracta sp. n., holotype g, 9 mm.

Fic. 11. G. pyrissous sp. n., holotype 3, 9 mm.
Fic. 12. G. anaxia sp. n., holotype g, 9 mm.

Fic. 13. Gymnoscelis argyropasta sp. n., paratype 9, 9°5 mm.
Fic. 14. G. lavella sp. n., holotype 9°, 8 mm.

Fic. 15. G. distatica sp. n., allotype 9, Io mm.

Fic. 16. G. phoenicopus sp. n., holotype 9, 10-5 mm.

Fic. 17. G. erymna nephelota subsp. n., holotype 9, 8-5 mm.

Fic. 18. G. mesophoena taprobanica subsp. n., paratype 9, 7°5 mm.
Fic. 19. G. oblenita sp. n., holotype g, 7°5 mm.

Fic. 20. G. conjurata sp. n., holotype 3, 9 mm.

Fic. 21. G. latipennis sp. n., paratype J, 8-5 mm.

Fic. 22. Onagrodes oosyndica sp. n., allotype 2, 12 mm.
Fic. 23. O. oosyndica sp. n., holotype 3, 11 mm.
Fic. 24. O. obscurata Warren, paratype g, 10 mm.

Fic. 25. Onagrodes victoria sp. n., holotype g, Io mm.

Fic. 26. O. eucineta sp. n., holotype g, 10-5 mm.

Fic. 27. Pseudomimetis vailima sp. n., holotype 9, 8 mm.
Fic. 28. Hybridoneura truncata sp. n., holotype ¢, 9 mm.
Fic. 29. H. metachlora lativitra subsp. n., holotype g, 8-5 mm.
Fic. 30. Antimimistis cuprina sp. n., holotype g, 13 mm.
Fic. 31. Brabiva operosa sp. n., holotype g, 13°5 mm.

Fic. 32. Heterophleps heinrichi sp. n., holotype g, 13 mm.
Fic. 33. H. parapasta sp. n., holotype g, 15 mm.

Fic. 34. Cryptoloba metorchatica sp. n., holotype 2, 16 mm.
Fic. 35. C. mesta sp. n., holotype ¢, 15-5 mm.

Fic. 36. C. peperitis sp. n., holotype g, 15:5 mm.

Fic. 37. Chrioloba andrewesi sp. n., holotype 9, 10°5 mm.

Fic. 38. Goniopteroloba biconcava sp. n., holotype 3, 12 mm.

Fic. 39. G. pallida pangeanensis subsp. n., paratype g, 10 mm.

Fic. 40. Chrioloba o. ochraceistriga sp. n., holotype 3, 9 mm.

Fic. 41. C. 0. sectilinea subsp. n., holotype g, 9:5 mm.

Fic. 42. Nothocasis octobris sp. n., holotype g, 18 mm.

Fic. 43. Tvrichopteryx polystictaria tsangpoensis subsp. n., holotype g, 18-5 mm.
Fic. 44. T. knyvetti sp. n., holotype g, 18 mm.

Fic. 45. Tvichopterigia dejeani sp. n., paratype 9, 18-5 mm.

Fic. 46. T. rufinotata illumina subsp. n., holotype 3, 18-5 mm.

Fic. 47. T. rubripuncta miantosticta subsp. n., holotype g, 16°5 mm.
Fic. 48. T. pilcheri sp. n., holotype 2, 19 mm.

NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 463

Fic. 49. Trichopterigia rivularis acidnias subsp. n., paratype g, 16 mm.
Fic. 50. T. hagna sp. n., holotype 3, 18 mm.

Fic. 51. TJ. adiopa sp. n., paratype 2, 17 mm.

Fic. 52. T. teligera sp. n., holotype 2, 16:5 mm.

Fic. 53. ZT. micradelpha sp. n., paratype 9, 13-5 mm.

Fic. 54. Steirophora permista sp. n., paratype 9, 18 mm.

Fic. 55. &pisteira delicata tsoepes subsp. n., paratype 2, 13°5 mm.
Fic. 56. ? Episteiva carchara sp. n., holotype 9, 15:5 mm.

Fic. 57. Megaloba eucola sp. n., holotype 2, 16 mm.

Fic. 58. Dystypoptila hebes sp. n., holotype g, 14 mm.

Fic. 59. Megaloba admeta sp. n., paratype 2, 17 mm.

Fic. 60. M. loxobasma sp. n., holotype 9, 16-5 mm.

Fic. 61. Sauris olearia sp. n., holotype g, 16-5 mm.
Fic. 62. S. eupitheciata isocraspeda subsp. n., paratype 2, 12 mm.

Fic. 63. S. patefacta sp. n., holotype 3, 13 mm.

Fic. 64. S. nigrilinearia euneta subsp. n., holotype 9, 15 mm.
Fic. 65. S. basilia sp. n., holotype 2, 17 mm.

Fic. 66. S. ptychosyrma sp. n., holotype g, 11 mm.

Fic. 67. S. muscosa pleonectes subsp. n., holotype 2, 15 mm.
Fic. 68. S. inscissa sp. n., allotype 2, 15 mm.

Fic. 69. S. inscissa sp. n., holotype 3, 16:5 mm.

Fic. 70. S. othnia sp. n., holotype 3, 14 mm.

Fic. 71. S. othnia sp. n., allotype 9, 15:5 mm.

Fic. 72. S. oetakwana sp. n., paratype g, 14 mm.

ENTOM., 6, I2. 27

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 12

Fias.

I=t2

Fics. 13-42

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 12

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 12 Fics. 25-36

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 12 Fics. 37-48

Fics. 49-60

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 12

Fics. 61-72

Bull. B M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 12

INDEX TO VOLUME VI

New taxonomic names are in bold type

abata, Desmoclystia ‘ : : SSL
abbreviata, Desmoclystia : 381-382
abyssiniae, Polypedilum 275 (fig.), 278-279,
pl. 1
Acanthocnini : 139-166
Acedestia : : : ; 41-42
ACEDESTIINAE : : : 41-47
acervicosta, Chloroclystis : , rae
acroscotia, Micromia : : ; . 398
actephilae, Chloroclystis . : ; . 406
acyrota, Triphosa . : : ‘ o 6393
adamata, Collix . : ‘ : esos
adiopa, Trichopterigia - 454 (fg. 51) 455
adjuncta, Rhyacophila . : OO
admeta, Megaloba . 457, (fig. 59)
admeta papuana, Megaloba . 457
aegyptium, Polypedilum 281-282, 283 (fig.),
pl. 1
aequatoriana, Orthotrichia 15-16 (fig.), 1
AESHNIDAE . : : =) = 247
afra, Cheumatopsyche : ‘ : “ee nS
africana, Oecetis 28-29 (fig.), 30 (fig.)
africana, Ptochoecetis . : : apes 7
africanus, Nyctiophylax . 9 (fig.), 10
airense, Polypedilum ; : : . 281
albardana, Rhyacophila . : ‘ . 96
albescens, Brachycentrus ‘ : Petz.
albibaltea, Eupithecia 391-392
albigutta, Eupithecia : : : 393
albipes, Kribiocharis : : ; = 2307
albipes, Stictochironomus : ‘ = e306
albiseriata condigna, Amnesicoma . « 369
albofasciata, Hydropsyche : 105

alboguttatum, Polypedilum 287 (fig.), 288, pl. 1
albosignatum, Polypedilum 286-287 (fig.), pl. 1

albus, Microtendipes 314-315, pl. 2
alienum, Macronema : . : ; 15
allansoni, Polypedilum 283-284
alpinista eupora, Chloroclystis . ; 413
alticola, Polypedilum 272-273, 275 (fig.),

pl. 1
alticola, Tanytarsus ' P : . 304
amabile, Tetracentron . : co ake?
americana, Stenoponia . : 4 2
ammocyma, Gymnoscelis 438-439 (fig. 7)
amphilectus, Philopotamus. . 100
amplus, Halesus_ . : ; ea, ELS
amplus, Pseudostenophylax : : . 116

amurensis, Pseudostenophylax 116-117

301 (fig.), 303
440-441 (fig. 12)

anale, Polypedilum
anaxia, Gymnoscelis

andrewesi, Chrioloba 450 (fig. 37)
anestia, Calocalpe . : 375-376
angolensis, Aulacochilus . : . 2), OS
anguligera bipartita, Horisme . : . 389
angusta, Rhadinopsylla . 73 (fig.)
angustella, Hydroptila . : ; OF
angustella, Orthotrichia . : ; . 108
? angustipennis, Polymorphanisus_ . Aen ks
angustus, Tanytarsus 334 (fig.), 335-336
annubilata, Photoscotosia 370-371
annulaticrus, Kribiocharis : : SS Be)
? annulaticrus, Polypedilum . : + 9316

275 (fig.), 277-278,
pl. 1

293 (fig.), 295
2175-215 (RE:), 219

annulatipes, Polypedilum

annulatum, Polypedilum
anomala, Paraputo

antarctica hudsoni, Chloroclystis j 410
anuke, Polypedilum : : : . 307
apennina, Pleuctrocnemia ; : en OZ
aphanisis, Sterrhochaeta : - . 380
apotoma, Chloroclystis . : ’ a pATE
aquitanica, Rhyacophila : é <0. GO
araneiformis araneiformis, Lagocheirus 149-150
araneiformis fulvescens, Lagocheirus Mea
araneiformis guadeloupensis, Lagocheirus
150-151

araneiformis insulorum, Lagocheirus 150-151
araneiformis stroheckeri, Lagocheirus . 148
araneiformis ypsilon, Lagocheirus 151-152
arborea, Rhadinopsylla 60, 61 ‘e:), 62, 67 (fig.)

Archlagocheirus : 164-165
arfakensis catoperena, Sauris . : . 458
arfakensis seclusa, Sauris : ; - 458
argentifera, Setodes : : : kek
argentipunctella, Setodes ‘ ae i
argyropasta, Gymnoscelis rr: (fig. 13)
armatifrons, Tripedilum . 5 5 , 288
armstrongi, Chrysopa. , ‘ «244
arrowi, Scelidopetalon 82-83 (fig.), 84
asiatica antelia, Leptostegna_ . 5 . 451
aspersus, Mesophylax . : ‘ a. ETS
assimilis, Tinodes . : : - 104

. 437 (fig. 4)

asterota, Ziridava . :
338-339, 340 (fig-)

aterrimus, Tanytarsus
atomarius, Tanytarsus 334 (fig.), 337-338
atrocinctus, Tanytarsus . 334 (fig.), 335
atroviridis perspecta, Chloroclystis . - 404

INDEX

466

attenuata, Rhadinopsylla 4 (fig.)
attenuata melamphaes, Antimimistis hae
atypha, Chloroclystis 418
aureola, Pycnocentria 124
aurilanatus, Nipaecoccus 209
auripilis, Lype P 103
autopepla, Chloroclystis 412
aypna, Desmoclystia 382
baccata, Setodes 32-33 (fig.), 34 (fig.)
balteatus, Tanytarsus 333, 334 (fig.)
baltica, Erotesis 120
bambusae, Chaetococcus 206, 207 (fig.), 208-209
barbarula, Onagrodes 2 445
basalis, Chrysopa . . 244
basilia, Sauris . 460, (fig. 65)
bella taracta, Microloba . 448
benaventi, Stenopsyche . : ; 3 1260
berneri, Oecetis . 26 (fig.), 27 (fig.)
bicinctum, Polypedilum Fed ‘ $2 gn6
biconcava, Goniopteroloba 451, (fig. 38)

bidens, Nesobasis
bifalcatum, Polypedilum
bifasciatus, Microtendipes
biflexa, Sterrhochaeta
bifurcus, Tanytarsus
binumeratus, Lagocheirus
biplagiatus, Aulacochilus

bipunctatus, Polymorphanisus

bipustulatum, Polypedilum

239-240 (fig.), 241
291-292, 293 (fig.)
316-317, pl. 2
381

334 (fig.). 337

156

293 (fig.), 298

bisignatus, Stictochironomus 307 (fig.), 309-310,

boarmiata serangica, Horisme
boarmica, Chloroclystis
brevilinea, Grammotaulius
brevilinea, Nemotaulius .
brevipecten, Polypedilum
brevipes, Dysmicoccus
brevis, Plectrocnemia
brevistilum, Polypedilum
brevistyla, Aeshna
breviuscula, Plectrocnemia
breyniae, Chloroclystis
bromeliae, Pseudococcus
brooksi, Horisme

brujata, Hydriomena

pl. 2

388
404-405
113

116

F 288
213-214, 232
102

273

241

102

408

213

387

385

brunneicornis, Polypedilum 203 (fig.), 205-206

brunneum, Polypedilum .
bulbifera, Hydropsyche .
bureschi, Rhadinopsylla .

caelebs, Idilla
caffrarius, Stictochironomus

296
105
74 (fig.)

43, 44 (fig.), 45-46 (fig.), 47

307 (fig.), 308,

pl. 2
CALAMOCERATIDAE " pas is 4
? calearatus, Kribiophilus F Ra 3 53
calceolariae minor, Pseudococcus . av eag
caledonicum, Orthetrum : 3 «| ages

calefacta, Carbia 384-385
calescens, Carbia . 3 é ; . 384
californicum, Heteroplectron . ; 2 ES
callizona abiens, Eccymatoge . ; - 385
Calopsectra > : : siete
caloptera, Hulstaertiella . ‘ 316
calvescens, Polypedilum . 300, 301 (fig.)
campanulata, Hydroptila : » fo"
canariensis, Mesophylax . ; : “2
cannae, Pseudococcus 213, 232
capense, Macronema , : : ; 13
capensis, Aulacochilus . . ; -
capensis, Dipseudopsis . 10

capensis, Tanytarsus
capicola, Micropsectra

349-350, 35 (fig.)
330-331, 334 (fig.)

? earchara, Episteira 456, (fig. 56)
catabares, Chloroclystis 413-414
cedestis, Rhadinopsylla . 69 (fig.)
celatus, Agapetus . : : ‘ . a
centralis, Limnophilus . . ‘ : Fea
ceprona rufescens, Dysstroma . ; «392
cesareus, Philopotamus . : 100

chambiensis, Stempellina
cheesmanae, Apsilochorema

353- 354 (fig.)
244-245 (fig.),
246 (fig.), 247

CHIRONOMIDAE , 263-357
Index to Parts I-IV 358-363
Chironomini : : . 265-329
Chironomus . ‘ ; ; : « 268
Chrioloba ; ; ; : : - 450
CHRYSOPIDAE : ee
cinctipennis trimaculatus, Amblyopus 81-82
cintranus, Cyrnus . ; : : .” “ROS
circumacta, Eupithecia . : P .' “SOx
citri, Planococcus . : : 3 3) eae
citriculus, Pseudococcus . ‘ ; 2 ae
Cladotanytarsus 348-352

clavigera, Kribiodosis 324-325 (fig.), 326
coccineus, Eurycoccus 216 (fig.), 217
coelestis, Stenoponia P ; - 2a
COENAGRIIDAE . 239-241
coerulea, Tamboria 87-88 (fig.), 89
coffeae, Geococcus . 225, 226 (fig.), 227-228

cognata, Chimarra . 3-4 (fig.), 5, 6 (fig.)
cognatus, Leptocerus. 2 2 1 ees
collaris, Dipseudopsis_. : ; + TO
colonica, Hydropsyche . : : - 105
commutatus, Leptocerus oa
complicata dactylotypa, Lobogonodes <1 Ge
compositata apothetica, Calleulype . . ae
concava, Rhadinopsylla ; : 2 age
concentrica, Anabolia_ . ; .) ee
confusaria tarachodes, Triphodes ‘ - 375
confusum, Neurochorema ; . : 95
confusum, Psilochorema z , 95
conisecta, Pareustroma . 367-368

conjurata, Gymnoscelis 444, (fig. 20)
conquadrata, Micromia . : ‘ . 400
consanguinea, Hydropsyche . z / eg
conspecta, Stenoponia_ , ; : - 195

a

INDEX 467

consors, Consorophylax . 3 ‘ ) OPES
consors, Stenophylax . ; , es RE
conspersa, Plectrocnemia : ° « £02
consueta, Tinodes . : : «104
consueta bowringi, Chloroelystis ; +. 403
contracta, Rhyacophila . ‘ ‘ - 96
copiosa, Cheumatopsyche 4 3 ‘ 12
copiosa, Wormaldia ; ; : . I00

copiosus, Dolophilus ; : a SOG
corbeti, Pseudoleptocerus 17 (fig.), 18 (fig.), 1

CORDULIIDAE : : 5 : < 2a
corniger, Polycentropus . : < £05
corvina, Wormaldia ; : P . 100
corvinus, Dolophilus : : - 99
costale, Dicercomyzon _130 (fig.), 1 31- 132 (fig.)
eraspedozona, Chloroclystis F 2 422
eraspedozona heanis, Chloroclystis . «| 422
eraspedozona venata, Chloroclystis . « 3422
cretosus, Anisocentropus : ; f= LEO
cristulatus, Lagocheirus 161-162
crotonis, Pseudococcus . : : S. 2253
ctenophora, Psychomyia : : s+ 5104
cuneativenis, Chloroclystis ‘ ; » 417
cuneorum, Leptocerus , : LZ
cuprina, Antimimistis ae: (fig. 30)
curviscapulis, Chloroclystis : : ) eA tA:
dahurica dahurica, Rhadinopsylla_. 70 (fig.)
dampfi, Polypedilum : ; 4 2307
decem-maculatum, Polypedilum ; a 284
deceptor, Ecnomus : : + A103

declivis, Polypedilum 287 (fig.), a
decora, Oecetis 29 (fig.), 30-31 (fig.), 3

decorata fasciata, Trichopterigia . - 45 ;
decussata moltrechti, Phthonoloba 455-456
dejeani, Trichopterigia 453, (fig. 45)
deletum, Polypedilum 274, 275 (fig.), pl. 1

delicata isoepes, Episteira . 456, (fig. 55)
delicatulus, Agapetus. : . A 94
denticulata, Rhyacophila 3 : - 96
dentifascia kachinica, Physetobasis . . 390
dentifascia kiunkiangana, Physetobasis

390-391
dentifascia rectipendens, Physetobasis 390
depeculata lamarum, Stamnodes : Ses FH
derelicta, Psychomyia_ . P . 104
derogata abrogata, Gymnoseelis , - 443
derogata griseifusa, Gymnoscelis P - 442
dewulfi, Polypedilum ‘ ; 297
dezayasi, Lagocheirus : : 144-14 5
diaboeta, Chloroclystis . : : <- seag
diaschista, Chloroclystis . ‘ j vA
Dicercomyzon ‘ . 129-136
dichobathra punticulata, ‘Collix : - » 386
difficilis, Rhadinopsylla 64 (fig.), 65, 67 (fig.)
difformis, Anisogamus . : : i “ITO
difformis, Stenophylax . ‘ : SED by
digitata, Cheumatopsyche ‘ : ay

dilatata hydrographica, Chloroclystis - 418

dilopha, Micromia . : 402-403
dilucidus, Anisocentropus : ‘ # ‘2X9
dipegaea, Photoscotosia . : : » 370
dispar, Aethaloptera : : : = 03
dispar, Limnophilus P : ‘ pee
dissographa, Chloroclystis ‘ ; *. 1422
distans, Kribiodosis ‘ ‘ ‘ a gaz
distata, Docirava 377-378
distatica, Gymnoscelis 442, (fig. 15)
distigma, Chloroclystis : 406-407
distinctum, Macronema . s . : 13
diversus, Pseudagapetus : : 2 395
diversus, Synagapetus . ; 3 - 99
dives, Rhadinopsylla. : : 70 (fig.)
dolomydis, Rhadinopsylla i ; 73 (fig.)
dualis, Anabolia . ; : 3 1 2kTO
dualis, Arctoecia . : : : oy LE
dubitans, Synagapetus . 5 : - 99
dubius, Holocentropus . : <9 OZ
duodecimpustulatum, Polypedilum 279, 280
dympna, Micromia : : ; - 399
dystacta, Micromia ; : : - 400
eatoni, Rhyacophila E ‘ : - 96
eatoniana, Apatania F : : eee
Ecnomus ; j ; . - 247
ectocosma, Micromia ; 400-401
eichhorni, Chloroclystis . - ; . 406
Ellipostoma ; P : : - 449
emphracta, Carsia . : ; ; «375
empodia, Triphosa 373-374

ephippium, Polypedilum 292-203 (fig.), 294

erecta sententiosa, Sauris : - 459
erymna nephelota, Gymnoscelis as. (fig. 17)
erythroides, Horisme . . 388
erythroperonus quadriplagiatus, Aulacochilus
84-85 (fig.)

estrellensis, Catadice III-11I2
estrellensis, Drusus : ; eee
eucineta, Onagrodes “46 (fig. 26)
eucola, Megaloba 456-457 (fig. 57)

eupitheciata cruentata, Eupithecia . - 396
eupitheciata isocraspeda, Sauris 458, (fig. 62)
euthynsis, Micromia : : ‘ - 397
euthynsis evelina, Micromia_. : . 307
evanescens, Chloropsyche : : - 105
evecta, Pycnocentria ‘ : é » E24
evoluta, Chimarra . ‘ 4 (fig.), 5-7 (fig.)
evoluta, Rhyacophila . 2 ; ~ 197
excita, Eupithecia . i : : - 394
?exiguum, Micrasema . : : 122-123
exiguus, Leptocerus - ; : . 120
Exodezia : 386-387
expectans, Micromia 3 ‘ : . 396
expedita, Gymnoscelis_. : 438, (fig. 6)
exsudans, Agriocnemis . ; : - 239
extensus, Ptilocolepus_. : : - 96
extremaria coniochyta, Carige : 451
extricatus, Limnophilus , ri . «14

468 INDEX
falcifera, Cheumatopsyche 10-11 (fig.) fusorius, Asynarchus . ; ; eS
fasciata, Kribiodosis ‘ - : - 324 fusorius, Stenophylax . ; ‘ ag
fasciatella, Smicridea . ; ; 3 2 2e6
fasciatipennis, Kribiocallis ; ; 2316 gahani, Pseudcoccus i : , . 233
srg esas panidius i Ra sae galeatum, Sericostoma . A . . 124
1X, iplectrona : : . . 105 lli Th 3 12

‘ gallicum, Thremma ? : ; 5

ena pratrioatoias . ; : : ze geniculata, Plectrocnemia : ; 102
1 .

: ; , ‘ GEOMETRIDAE ; : , 367-463
ene Peyton Tenet © <a ig) 2
ferox, Dinarthrum . ; 122 Cee Tg Racin ll 2 : : ; me

‘ f ; glabripennis, Polypedilum : : : ee
Pies Suite icc mnoscelis : ; cf glandulifera, Ripersia 220, 221 (fig.),
? : 222
festivus festivus, ake acc! o a “A glareosa, Rhyacophila - : ae
ited 1 tillulata, Propithex ge
g aucisparsa scintillulata, PE 384
mien Phebe arn Stictochironomus 306, at graminis, Antonina 206, 224
Sisic Wiae ae ; : : aor graminis, minaret 200, 210 (2), 211
> : : r ora, Cal :
filamentosus, Pseudococcus 212, 215 » sane es 7 enh fi 437 ( : 5)
filamentosus corymbatus, Pseudococeus . 212 sds Daca kts An Beh oj aaa
Sai eoceee tek : : we? griseoguttatum, Polypedilum 283 (fig.), ae
’ : : pl. 1
Pee happening epacta, Chloroclystis 420-421 griseola, Notidobia . 123
3 oie jae esganctie , , aks griseorufa tranquillata, Chloroclystis . 405
Arsbricie ‘Mydeopayene ; , : : 4 guineensis, Tanytarsus 346, 347 (fig.)
finitimus, Ascalaphomerus : : + fr ; ;
fissa, Micropterna . ‘ ; ; iA hageni, Rhyacophila—. ; : oa
fissus, Stenophylax : was, hagna, Trichopterigia 454, (fig. 50)
flavata postscripta, Gandaritis ‘ . 372 hamiferum, Sericostoma . : ‘ *
flavescens, Pantala ; t os age hamiltoni, Neopsylla * : : oe
flavidus, Cyrnus. j ; hapege hamoni, Polypedilum ; ; ; . ,gae
? flavipes, Microtendipes. 317-318 hampsoni, Eustroma . - 37
flaviventris, Kribiodosis . , : . 324 hebes, Dystypoptila 458, (fig. 58)
flavolineatus, Lagocheirus : , ;. 459 heinrichi, Heterophleps 448, (fig. 32)
flexistilus, Tanytarsus 340 (fig.), 342 heiseri, Rhadinopsylla 72 (fig.)
foedella, Tinodes_ . : ; ; i to" HEMEROBIIDAE : : :
forcipata, Hydroptila . ; : 167 hickini, Triaenodes 21 (fig.), 22-23 (fig.), 24
forcipata, Phrixocoma . : : . 109 hieroglyphicum, Polypedilum . _ - 284
formozovi, Stenoponia_ . ; : <8 hilaris, Allogamus . . : : oe
fortunata, Hydroptila_ . . ; es, hilaris, Halesus_—. . ; ; : ae
foveolatus, Lagocheirus 152-153 hirsutus, Phenacoccus 228, 229 (fig.), 230
frater, Hydrobiosis i : : . 95 hispanicus, Philopotamus ? , oo
fraterna, Rhadinopsylla . 57-58, 59 (fig.), 60, holoprasia, Gymnoscelis . “439, (fig. 9)
67 (fig.), 71 (fig.) horistes, Chloroclystis . . . - 404
fraudulenta, Rhyacophila ‘ ; «gy Hulstaertiella : : wee
frigida, Apatania . < : 2 . Ir HyYDROPSYCHIDAE . 10-1 3, 15, 105-106
fulerata, Eupithecia } : / . 393 HYDROPTILIDAE 14-17) 107s
fulgorata mera, Sterrhochaeta f . 380 hymenocleae, Pseudococcus 2125 20g
fumipennis, Silo. ; , } . 125 hyperythra catalalia, Horisme : . 387
funerea, Pycnocentria_. ; , 1/8 hypocalypsis, Micromia . : ; - 396.
funestus, Archlagocheirus 164-165 HYSTRICHOPSYLLIDAE : 41-76
furcifera, Schizopelex . ; : 124
fuscipenne, Polypedilum 287 (fig.), 288- 289, iceryoides, Rastrococcus 220, 233
fuseithorax, Kribiodosis . ; ; oe Idilla F ; ss
fusiformis, Stictochironomus 309, pl. 2 illustris, Anisocentropus . ‘ . 119
fuscoguttata, Lauterborniella . 320-321 (fig.), imparatalis opta, Gymnoscelis . ; . 440
pl. 2 improvisa, Monocentra . F . ae
fuscum, Polypedilum 274-275 (fig.), 276 improvisus, Drusus : i ‘ J. OES
fuscus, Tanytarsus 3 fig.), 348 impunctatus, Mesophylax re é | ES
y 47 \18-), 34 P pay

INDEX

inaequalis, Leptocerus_ . ; : -- N\E2ZO
incoloripenne, Polypedilum . : ; 276
indecora, Photoscotosia . 369-370
indica, Antonina 206, 224
indica, Dipseudopsis - ; : . «tor
infumatus, Hydatophylax : ; «| Ur
infumatus, Stenophylax. “* . : rae Dy
infusata albitornalis, Chloroclystis . . 407
infusata errabunda, Chloroclystis : . 407
infusata exortiva, Chloroclystis 407-408
inscissa, Sauris . 460-461, (figs. 68, 69)
insignis lifuana, Agrionoptera ; 2 12a
insolita, Rhadinopsylla 71 (fig.)
insolitus, Centrococcus 224-225
insolutus, Cyrnus . : : ; =) LOL
insons, Pseudagapetus_ . : d eTkOS
insons, Synagapetus ; i : = 1108
insularis, Philopotamus . : ; 2) LOG
integella, Rhadinopsylla . : ; 71 (fig.)
integer, Lagocheirus . 155-156
interjectus, Leptocerus . : ; « Jk2T
intermedia, Rhyacophila : : 97;
interplagata, Cidaria ; : : easy
interruptus, Aulacochilus . : : 87
intima, Oecetus : 3 : ee tet
invicta, Horisme . ‘ ? rs ots)
invisibilis invita, Chloroclystis : : . 409
iofi, Rhadinopsylla : , 72 (fig.)
iris, Polypedilum 281, 286

isacantha continentalis, Rhadinopsylla
50, 51 (fig.), 52, 73 (fig.)

isacantha isacantha, Rhadinopsylla 51 (fig.),

52 (fig.), 53 (fig-)
isosticta, Photoscotosia . ‘ : i= 371
italicus, Limnophilus’. : é ee oy |
ivanovi, Stenoponia : ; : 3 73
jaonis, Rhadinopsylla 69 (fig.)
japonica, Phryganea s 109-110
japonica, Rhadinopsylla . , ; 70 (fig.)
jaspidea, Anaciaeshna . ‘ 241

jinjana, Athripsodes 4 (fig.), 25 (fig.), 26

khasia, Stenopsyche 258-259 (fig.), 260

kibatiense, Polypedilum . : - - 204
kijabensis, Polypedilum . : : . 304
kingi, Polycentropus ‘ =" 103

"452-453, (fig. 44)
354 (fig.), 355

knyvetti, Trichopteryx
kribiensis, Zavrelia

Kribiocallis . : , ; : . 304
Kribiocharis . , : , . 268, 310
Kribiocosmus ‘ ‘ ; . 318-319
Kribiodorum : : ‘ - 319
Kribiodosis 324-326
Kribiomimus 268, 310
Kribiomyia ; F i . 328-329
Kribionympha : . ; ‘ . 268
? Kribiopelma ; ; . : . 298

Kribiophilus . ‘ : ; ; . 268

Kribiothauma
Kribiotima
Kribioxenus .

labeculata deviaria, Horisme
lacustris, Trichosetodes .
laetibilis, Plectrocnemia .
Lagocheirus .

Lagochirus :
lamellaris, Ithytrichia

lamia, Sterrhochaeta
lamprogaster, Microtendipes
lanaris aequabilis, piesa a a
laniger, Agapetus
lapponicus, Asynarchus .
laterale, Polypedilum
latipennis, Gymnoscelis
latipennis, Triplectides
latipennis nepotalis, Gymnoseelis
Lauterborniella 3
lautum, Macronema

lavella, Gymnoscelis
lentiginosus, Microtendipes
Lepidopodus .

lepta aeneta, Chioroelystis
LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE
LEPTOCERIDAE

leucocarpa, Micromia
leucolabis, Kribiomimus
leucoprora, Eupithecia
leucoptera, Mystacides 2
leucopygata cata, Chloroclystis
leucosphena, Sterrhochaeta
lewisi, Tanytarsus
LIBELLULIDAE

ligonifer, Allogamus

ligonifer, Halesus

lilacinus, Planococcus

limbata, Pycnopsyche

limbata, Trapezostigma .
limbatus, Stenophylax
LIMNEPHILIDAE
limnocharis, Chironomus
linearis, Tanytarsus
linta, Rhadinopsylla
lissopis, Eupithecia
lobiferum, Polypedilum

longiforeeps, Polypedilum
longinervis, Polypedilum
longipalpis, Kribiomyia .
longipennis, Lagocheirus
longiseta, Ripersia .
longispina, Hydroptila
longiventris, Lauterborniella
longiventris, Microtendipes
longulum, Micrasema
loxobasma, Megaloba
luciana, Chloroclystis

- 444 (tig. 21), 445

287 (fig.), 289-290
longicrus, Polypedilum 279-280, 283 (fig.), pl. 1

287 (fig.), 290

233, 234 (fig.), 235

322-323, pl. 2

102

139-166

140

108

- 379

312, 313 (fig.)

Res 3 Gy
292, 293 (fig.)

247

- 445
319-324

: + 106
442, (fig. 14)
315, pl. 5
326-327

- 409
36-37
17-36, 247
397-398

21 290

395

I2I

»~ 403
380-381
350, 351 (fig.)
241-242

I1o

113

214-215

116

242

117

110-118

: - 296
351 (fig.), 352

65, 66 (fig.), 67 (fig.), 68

395

288

329
143

107

288

a“, 523

457 (fig. 60)
: «+ 4T9

470. INDEX

luctuosus, Tanytarsus 339, 340 (fig.)

ludificatus, Philopotamus : < 2hDOo
lugubris, Sternocheirus 163-164
lusitanica, Helicopsyche . ‘ ? Be owed:
lusitanica, Rhycophila . : ; 3 OF
lusitanica, Setodes F ; ; oy ELT
luteimedia, Triphosa 374-375
luteipes, Microtendipes . : ; a .3i8
macropora, Triphosa : ‘ , - 374
maculipennis, Setodellina : , Si Jeers
maculithorax, Chrysopa . : = gaa
madagascariensis, Tylococcus 2 222, 223 (fig.), 224
madeirensis, Phenacoccus 230, 231 (fig.), 232
madida, Ecclisopteryx . a . Sie PEED
madidus, Halesus . 113-114
magna, Notanatolica : it ZO
magnimaculata irabunda, Chloroclystis - 410
major, Chaetopteryx : é 5 <waee
majuscula, Apatania. PDE

marginatum, Dicercomyzon 130 ffi), 132 (fig.),

133 (fig.), 134 (fig.), 135 (fig.), 136
masculana, Rhadinopsylla ; 69 (fig.)
mauritiensis, Tylococcus , : ee 6k
memillani, Tanytarsus 340 (fig.), 341-342

media, Rhadinopsylla 62-63 (fig.)
mediterraneus, Silo é : ; Re
melampepla, Chloroclystis 414-415
melampus, Halesus : : : 114
melampus, Melampophylax . ; ns
melanchaetes, Drusus . ; ; EDS
? melanella, Erotesis ; ‘ ; ») £20
melanophilus, Polypedilum 293 (fig.), 296
mendax, Allogamus : ; : eT
mendax, Halesus . 7 . : aK OE!
meridiana, Apatania ‘ . : {RET
merula, Tinodes_ . ; F é >) ITO
mesa, Rhadinopsylla 47, 48 (fig.), 49 (fig.),

72 (fig.)
mesoides, Rhadinopsylla 47-48 (fig.), 49 (fig.), 50
mesophoena celebensis, Gymnoscelis - 444
mesophoena hagia, Gymnoscelis : - 443
mesophoena taprobanica, Gymnoscelis 443-444,

(fig. 18)

mesta, Cryptoloba . : s 449, (fig.35)
metachlora lativitra, Hybridoneura 447, (fig. 29)
metachlora semivinosa, Hybridoneura - 446
metorechatica, Cryptoloba. 449, (fig. 34)
micra, Polypedilum 301 (fig.), 302-303
micradelpha, ona aan . 454, (fig. 53), 53

Micropsectra . - 330-331
Microtendipes d 268, 310-318
mimicum, Psilochorema . : ; Ae SS
mimus, Pseudoeconesus - 123-124
minimum, Micrasema . ‘ ; 122-123
miser, Limnophilus 2 ‘ i «) GEE4
moestella, Setodes . . : ele trp eee
moestum, Micrasema . : ; Ses
MOLANNIDAE 118-119

monochasma, Micromia . ; ; + 402
montana, Stenoponia. : r - eg
montanus, Philopotamus _ : 2 ~ ioe
monticola, Drusus . * ‘ > pee
montivagus, Consorophylax . : . a
montivagus, Stenophylax . : . ee
morosum, Oligoplectrum : ‘ .. zg
mucronatus, Stenophylax ; ‘ «|
muliebris, Apatania , ¢ +) eke
multidenticulata, Rhadinopsylla : 72 (fig.)
multispinosa, Paraputo . : : » ore
multistriata tensa, Lobogonodes ; . 368
munda, Rhyacophila . 97
mundiscripta commundata, Eupithecia 303-304
mundiscripta larutensis, Eupithecia . - 394
murina, Smicridea . : ? ‘ . 106
mutrayi, Aulacochilus. . : oe
muscosa pleonectes, Sauris 400, (fig. 67)
mutatus, Glyphotaelius . . - ee
mutatus, Nemotaulius . ; 5 + ao
naga, Chloroclystis . ; . 405
natalense, Polypedilum . 273-274, pl. 1
natalensis, Pseudococcus ; : . 2G
natalensis, Stictochironomus 306-307
navigatorum, Nesomicromus . ‘ . £ae
nebulicola, Cryptothrix . ; ; Bag
nervosa, Anabolia . : ; « » oe
Neuroptera ‘ : 242-244
ni, Micromia . : : ; ; . 401
niger, Amblyopus . ‘ : , 80-81
nigrans, Catagapetus ‘ . ; «| 70a
nigratipes, Lepidopodus . 326-327
nigricornis, Silo. ; : : .. 325
nigricornis, Tanytarsus 344 Eh 345-340

nigrifrons unilinea, Sauris ; . 460
nigrilinearia euneta, Sauris ‘459 (fig. 64)
nigrocinctus, Tanytarsus 339-340 (fig.), 341

nigrovittatus, Hydatophylax . : :, i
nigrovittatus, Platyphylax . ; ., 586
nilophilus, Polypedilum . ; ‘ - 307
niloticum, Polypedilum . ; j ee
nimbulus, Agapetus : ; ; - Se
nipae, Nipaecoccus 211-212
nivalis, Phenacoccus ; ‘ , 2am
niveiforceps, Polypedilum ; r » (298
njalana, Dipseudopsis_ . ; ‘ - ee
njalaensis, Pseudoleptocerus . ‘ Rye
nocticolor, Chironomus . 5 . 2096
nocticolor, Tanytarsus 30 (fig.), 336
noricanus, Anisogamus . ‘ +, SBEC
noricis, Dipseudopsis : Pere
noumeanus, Noius . 242 (fig.), 243 (fig.),

244
novemguttatum, Polypedilum . ol
novenaria, Micromia : ‘ : . 398
nudifunda, Chloroclystis . ; bee . 419
nycterobia, Micropterna . : : # SERS

nycterobia, Stenophylax ; ‘ , eee

oblenita, Gymnoscelis
obliterata, Rhyacophila .
obscurata, Annitella
obscurata, Chaetopteryx
obsoleta, Phryganea
obsoletum, Polypedilum .
obsoletus, Lagocheirus
obtusidens, Rhyacophila
obtusus, Dactylopius
obtusus, Pseudococcus
occidentalis, Rhyacophila
occulta, Hydroptila
occulta, Phrixocoma
ochraceistriga, Chrioloba

ochraceistriga sectilinea, Chrioloba

octobris, Nothocasis
octomaculatum, Polypedilum
? octostictum, Polypedilum
Odonata

oedalea, Chloroclystis
oetakwana, Sauris .
olearia, Sauris :
omocydia, Chloroclystis
oniria, Desmoclystia
operosa, Brabira
oosyndica, Onagrodes
orama, Rhadinopsylla
ornatipennis, Chironomus

ornatipennis anomala, Chaetolopha .
ornatipennis nepenthes, Chaetolopha

313 (fig.), 319, pl. 2

ornatipes, Kribiocosmus
ornatula, Hydropsyche
orphnobathra, Chloroclystis
otalatis, Chrysopa .
othnia, Sauris

pactus, Agapetus
pallicornis, Agraylea

: 402; (figs. 70, 71)

INDEX

444, (fig. 19)

- 109
450, (fig. 40)
450, (fig. 41)
452, (fig. 42)
. 277
277

239-242
415-416
461, (fig. 72)
459, (fig. 61)
: 412
2 ; 382
448, (fig. 31)

445-440, (figs. 22, 23)
55-56 (fig.), 57, 74 (fig)

272
384
383-384

106
415
244

94
107

pallida pangeanensis, Goniopteroloba.

pallidinervis, Microtendipes
pallidipennis, Stenopsyche

pallidipes, Lauterborniella

pallidissimus, Tanytarsus
palliditarsis, Amblyopus .
pallidula, Tinodes .
pallidulus, Kribioxenus .
pallidulus, Tanytarsus

palpata diechusa, Chloroclystis
palpata javana, Chloroclystis
pandani, Chironomus
pantodapus, Limnophilus
parapasta, Heterophleps.
Paratendipes :
parerga, Pomasia

256-257 (fig.),

333, 334 (fig), 335
palmaria phantastes, Chloroclystis

451, (fig. 39)
290

258 (fig.)

321 (fig.), 323-324,

pl. 2

334 (fig.), 338
79-80

104

328

2? 419

422

423

295

o “EDS
448, (fig. 33)
: . 268
385

471
parvulus, Lagocheirus -« I51
patefacta, Sauris 458-459, (fig. 63)
peguensis, Eupithecia ; « 392
pentacantha, cia das 70 (fig.)
Pentapedilum 266, 298-304
Pentapelma . : 268
peperitis, Cryptoloba 449, (fig. 36)
permista, Steirophora 456, (fig. 54)
permixta, Chloroclystis : 420
perniciosus, Pseudococcus 212,220
persimilis, Rhyacophila . 98
perversus, Philopotamus 100
Petaloscelis “ 82
PHILOPOTAMIDAE . 3-9, 99-IOI
philopotamoides, Rhyacophila : Oe
phoenicophaes, Chloroclystis 416-417
phoenicopus, eee 443, (fig. 16)
PHRYGANEIDAE I0g-IIO
pictipennis, Kribiophilus . 279
picturatus, Limnophilus . ens
pilcheri, Trichopterigia 453- ‘ 54, (fig. 48)
pinheyi, Pisulia 36-37 (fig.)
pitymydis, Rhadinopaylla 54-55
plantaris gorgonae, Lagocheirus ; Fe 8 ute
plantaris indistinctus, Lagocheirus 158-159
plantaris plantaris, Lagocheirus 157-158
pluriguttatum, Polypedilum +. 307
poecilimon, Gymnoscelis . 439 (fig. 8)
politus, Limnophilus as
POLYCENTROPODIDAE + 9-10, IOI-103
polyclealis albicetrata, Gymnoscelis . 2 438
polyclealis hyperocha, Gymnoscelis_ . . 438
polygrammatum, Macronema . 106
Polypedilum . 266-304
polysticha, Photoscotosia 371
polystictaria tsangpoensis, Ttichopteryx

452, (fig. 43)

ponera, Stenoponia 172-173
praecellens, Lagocheirus . 160-161
praemorsa, Rhyacophila 98
praesumtiosa, Triphosa . 373
prasimotmeta, Photoscotosia 371-372
privatum, Glossosoma o1" 94
procerus, Lagocheirus 146-147
proluta, Amphipsyche - 105
prosenes, Photoscotosia . 370
protagma, Hysterura 369
protagma agaura, Hysterura ; 369
protracta, Gymnoscelis 440, (fig. 10)
Prosthetopteryx 396-403
proxima, Rhyacophila ey:
pruina, Polypedilum 280-281, 283 (fig.),
pl. 1

PSEUDOCOCCIDAE ; 205-236
pseudomancus, Tanytarsus 348-349, 351 (fig.)
PsyCHOMYIDAE ‘ 103-105, 247
ptychosyrma, Sauris 459, (fig. 66)
puerilis, Polycentropus 103
puerilis, Polyplectropus . 103
pugnax, Chloroclystis . 411

472 INDEX

pulchellum, Kribiothauma 325 (fig.), 327, pl. 2

pulcherrima exsanguis, Trichopterigia SNARE
pulchra, Lauterborniella 321 (fig.), 322, pl. 2
pulla, Wormaldia . : ; ; - 100
pullus, Dolophilus . : : ‘ eT LOO
punctulata anaxia, Collix : 4 . 386
puripennis, Stictochironomus . 307 (fig.),
308-309

pusilla, Tinodes_. ; : . SlLO*
putoni, Anabolia_ . ; F LEO
pygmaeica, Chloroclystis . . - 417-418
pyricoetes, Eupithecia . ; ‘ A362
pyrissous, Gymnoscelis_ . 5 440, (fig. 11)
quadrilobata, Stenopsyche i : - 254
quinqueguttatum, Polypedilum 279, 283 (fig.),
pl. 1

radiatum, Macronema . 4 : ss, LOO
ramiferum, Polypedilum 285-286, 287 (fig.),
pis

raniata, Eupithecia ; . ; 2, AOR
recessilinea, Micromia_ . : - 399
rectilineata curvifera, Sterrhochasta a! 376
rectilineata diffidens, Sterrhochaeta . meas £5:
rectilineata indirecta, Sterrhochaeta . « 379
rectispina, Rhyacophila : f - 99
reducta, Setodes . : . : x tkcae
reductus, Tanytarsus 350-351 (fig.), 352
regularis tenuabilis, Chloroclystis . Aes
regularis viridimargo, Chloroclystis . + 423
relicta, Rhyacophila ; : 98
reticulatella, Oecetis 26 (fig.), 27- -28 (fig.)
reuteri, Triaenodes : : : ae
reverlieri, Helicopsyche . , : a ee
rhabdoneura, Collix ; ; : . 386
RHADINOPSYLLINAE -47-76
Rheotanytarsus ; post
rhodesi, Chimarra . : 4 (fig.), 8 (fig.), 9
rhodopis, Chloroclystis . ‘ ‘ . 407
RHYACOPHILIDAE : 94-99, 244-247
ritchiei, Paraputo . eee
rivularis acidnias, Trichopterigia 4 ita! (fig. 49)
rogersi hondurensis, Lagocheirus : me gt
rogersi panamensis, Lagocheirus : a> hed
rogersi rogersi, Lagocheirus 153-154
rosaceus, Lagocheirus ‘ 159-160
Rosenia ‘ : : i ; - 298
rostocki, Tinodes . s - 104

ruandae, Polypedilum 209-300, 301 (fig.)
rubripuncta miantosticta, Trichopterigia . 453,

(fig. 47)
rufinigra cedreleti, Ziridara - 437
rufinotata illumina, Trichopterigia 4 53, (fig. 46)
tupta, Rhyacophila : é ; oO
rutshuruensis, Microtendipes 314-315

sacchari, Saccharicoccus . ; : ES

satchelli, Microtendipes . 312-313
saucia, Smicridea . 106
Scelidopetalon 82-84
scissum, Micrasema 123
seotti, Polypedilum 297
scruposa, Plectrocnemia . 102
sectilis goodi, Rhadinopsylla 69 (fig.)
semifusca swanni, Parazoma - 6306
semirufata goliathi, Horisme 388-389
semiscripta brychoma, Chloroclystis . ¢ - 419
senegalense, Phanostoma ‘ 13
septemguttatum, Polypedilum . 279
septentrionis, Rhyacophila 99
sequax, Micropterna II5
sequax, Stenophylax 118
sericeus, Trionymus . Ee
SERICOSTOMATIDAE 122-125, 247
serrata, Hydroptila : st
serrata, Triaenodes 19-20 (fig.), 2

sexguttatum, Polypedilum Be
sexguttatus, Aulacochilus 87
sibiricus, Grammotaulius 113
sidimi, Stenoponia . 172
sigmata, Loxofidonia : 378
sigmata lipernes, Loxofidonia . 378
signatipennis, Grammotaulius . 113
signatum, Macronema .
simplicicornis, Lagocheirus 147-148
singularis, Stenoponia_ . 175-176, 178
sinuosa reddita, Chloroclystis : 405
solitaria, Stenoponia 175
soror, Anabolia IIo
sororcula, Anabolia e IIo
spadiceonotatus, Tanytarsus 340 (fig.), 341
spectatissima, Stamnodes 377
speluncarum, Stenophylax 118
spinellosa, Stenoponia IQI—Ig2
spinifer, Rhadicoleptus 116
spinifer, Stenophylax 118
spinosella, Oxyethira 108
spoliatum, Glossosoma 94
stalii, Neuronia 109
steinii, Molannodes 118-119
stellata, Dipseudopsis IOI—102
stellifera, Hydroptila 108
Stempellina : 352-355
Stenoponia 169-202
STENOPSYCHIDAE 253-260
steretica, Horisme . - 389
Sternocheirus 163-164
Stictochironomus . 304-310
stictoptera, Kribiocallis > '3aR
stilatum, Polypedilum 294
stimulans, Hydropsyche . ; $ ‘s
straeleni, Orthotrichia 14 (fig.), 1

stramineus, Pseudoeconesus : a
strouhali, Rhadinopsylla . 52-53 (fig.), 54
subaequale, Sericostoma ‘ 124
subconfluens, Polypedilum 291
subnebulosus, Polycentropus 103

INDEX 473

subnigra, Wormaldia . ? ‘: p XOX
subovatum, Polypedilum . ate, 283 (fig.)
subpalpata, Chloroclystis . 4 < 424
subpalpata fractiscripta, Chloroclystis ” A 25
subreflexens, Tanytarsus 344 (fig.), 345
suknevi, Stenoponia 4 A ; - E74
tafa, Chaetolopha . 382-383
taitae, Microtendipes 316, pl. 2
tanaorrhina, Sterrhochaeta , : . 380
Tanytarsini 329-357
Tanytarsus . 298, 331-352
taraxichroma, Chloroclystis ; : 408
tasmaniae, Nesomicromus . ; . 242
telifer, Polycentropus.. : : 103
teligera, Trichopterigia 455; (fig. 52)
tenella, Rhadinopsylla 74 (fig.)

tenuimanus, Microtendipes ‘ 2 2200
tenuitarsis, Polypedilum 275 (fig.), 276-277, pl. 1
testulata denotata albiplaga, Chloroclystis . 418
testulata denotata irregulata, ie bai 418

thaumasia, Micromia_ ; . 402
titubata, Calocalpe : ; x 376
transitaria semifasciata, Tatosoma : - 455
tremodes, Calocalpe ; é d 375
Trichoptera . : : 244-247
tridens, Polypedilum 282-283 (fig.)

trifida, Setodes ; 33 (fig.), 34-35 (fig.), 36
trifidus, Tanytarsus 340 (fig.), 343
tripectinata acmaea, Stenoponia 177 (fig.),
178 (fig.), 179 (fig.), 183 (fig),

197-198 ,199 (fig.), 200-202

tripectinata barcana, Stenopogon 183 (fig.), 187

tripectinata blanda, Stenopogon 194-195
tripectinata insperata, Stenopogon 183 (fig.),

188-190
tripectinata irakana, Stenoponia 192-193
tripectinata medialis, Stenoponia 190-IQI

tripectinata megaera, Stenoponia 179 (fig.), 181
(fig.), 184 (fig.), 185 (fig.), 186 (fig.), 187
tripectinata separata, Stenopogon 183 (fig.),
193-194

179 (fig.), 182,
183 (fig.), 184

tripectinata tenax, Stenopogon

tripectinata thinophila, Stenopogon 183 (fig.),
195-196
tripectinata tingitana, Stenopogon 179 (fig.),

183 (fig.), 187-188

tripectinata tripectinata, Stenoponia 177 (fig.),
178, 179 (fig.), 180 (fig.), 181 (fig.),

182, a (fig.)

Tripedilum . ; ‘ : 268
Tripodura. : : : . 268
tristellum, Micrasema : : : $4 223
tristigosa nasuta, Gymnoscelis . : . 441
tristrigosa tongaica, Gymnoscelis : - 441
tropicum, Polypedilum : : . 280
trilobatum, Polypedilum P ‘ . 280

283 (fig.), pl. 1
447,( fig. 28)

tropicum, Polypedilum
truncata, Hybridoneura

truncata, Stempellina 354 (fig.), 355
tuberculatus tuberculatus, Lagocheirus 156-157

tuberculatus v-album, Lagocheirus . + 157
turbinata, Chaetolopha . - : . 383
ucenorum, Rhadicoleptus : : 126
ucenorum, Stenophylax . ; i ser
umbripennis, Hydrobiosis ; . 95
umbrosus, Microtendipes 313- 314, pl. 2
uncata, Cheumatopsyche . I-12 (fig.)

uncinata, Hydroptila ; ; . . 108

undatus undatus, Lagochirus . 143-144
unicolor, Lagocheirus 162-163
unicolor, Setodes . ; 122
undatus mariorum, Lagocheirus ‘ - 144
unidentata, Oxyethira . : ; . 108
urema, Cheumatopsyche : , ; 12
usta asema, Sauris . : é : » “461
usta stictifascia, Sauris . : : . 461
vacillans, Hysterura . F ; . 368
vailima, Pseudomimetis . 446 (fig. 27)
valenti, Rhadinopsylla 71 (fig.)
valentula, Calocalpe : 376-377
van-bemmeli, Polypedilum : i . 284
vanderplanki, Polypedilum . ; Su2Q7,
variegatus, Philopotamus : : . 100
vashti basilis, Philereme 372-373
vastator, Nipaecoccus 212-213, 220
ventricosa, Rhadinopsylla 69 (fig.)

victoria, Onagrodes 445, (fig. 25)

victoriana, Trichosetodes . ‘ ie 30
violaceus, Paratendipes . P : aeeset
viretata himalayica, Acasis 451-452
virgata, Ferrisiana 241, 220
virgata madagascariensis, Pseudococcus 8220
viridata phaeina, Chloroclystis . ; - 424
viridis, Dactylopius : c se 2i2
vittatum, Polypedilum 300, 301 (fig.)
vlasovi, Stenoponia 174-175
vunida, Goéra : ; : ; a 247
wallengreni, Apatania . : : Neea
wardi, Eupithecia : 394-395
wenzeli, Lagocheirus : F , . 146
wittei, Polypedilum : 301-302
woodjonesi, Chloroclystis : : . 409
xanthodes, Limnophilus . : : ff ELS
xenisma, Chloroclystis . ; : + ATO
xylinaria baliensis, Ziridava 436, (fig. 1)
xylinaria florensis, Ziridava : a AS7,
xylinaria kanshireiensis, Ziridava 436, (fig. 3)
xylinaria khasiensis, Ziridava 436, (fig. 2)

474

zariae, Tanytarsus .
Zavrelia Ach aah
Zavreliella . :
zelleri, Mollanodes .

INDEX

340 (fig.), 342-343
355-356
319
118

zelleri, Tinodes. 5

zimmeri, Pseudopsilopteryx .
zimmermani aukena, Lagocheirus_.
zimmermani zimmermani, Lagocheirus

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