Skip to main content

Full text of "Bulletin of the North Carolina Dental Society [serial]"

See other formats


1 


--^--c-  •  L^O 


North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


of  t{)e 

([Inltier0itp  of  n^octb  Cacolina 


CnHoboen  bp  tlTlie  SDialecttc 

snB 


North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


This  book  must  not 
be  token  from  the 
Library  building. 


JUL  14  196  f- 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

North  Carolina  History  of  Health  Digital  Collection,  an  LSTA-funded  NC  ECHO  digitization  grant  project 


http://www.archive.org/details/bulletinofncdent17193334 


THE   BULLETIN 

OF    THE 

NORTH  CAROLINA  DENTAL  SOCIETY 

CONTAINHSTG   THE 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

FIFTY-NK^TH  ANNUAL  MEETING 

JUNE  6,  7,  8,  1933 

University  of  North  Carolina 

Chapel  Hill 

Vol.  XVII  AUGUST,  1933  No.  1 

Entered    as    Second-class    matter    as    a    quarterly    September    26,    1931,    at    the 
postofflce,    Raleigh,    N.    C,    under   Act    of   August    24,    1912. 

Subscription  per  year $1.00 

OFFICERS 

Dr.  Wilbert  Jackson,  President Clinton,  N.  C. 

Dr.  E.  a.  Branch,  President-Elect Raleigti,  N.  C. 

Dr.  H.  E.  Nixon,  Vice-President Elizabetli  City,  N.  C. 

Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen,  Secretary-Treasurer Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

EDITOR-PUBLISHER 
Dr.  Fred  Hale Raleigli,  N.  C. 


DISTEICT  MEETINGS  FALL  OF  1933 

First  District 

At  Aslieville  in  November. 

Second  District 

At  Charlotte  on  October  23-24. 

Dr.  Boyd  Gardner  of  the  Mayo  Clinic  and  Dr.  Walter  McFall  of 

Macon,  Ga.,  are  on  the  program. 

Third  District 

At  Greensboro,  King  Cotton  Hotel,  on  November  13-14. 

Fourth  District 

At  Raleigh  on  December  3-4. 

Fifth  District 

At  Wilmington  on  November  6. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Tuesday  Mok>;i.\g   Sessiox,   June  6,   1933  Pa"-e 

Invocation  by  Rev.  Albea  Godbold 5 

Address  of  Welcome  by  Dr.  Frank  Graham ti 

Response  to  Address  of  Welcome  by  Dr.  O.  L.  Presnell 1) 

President's  Address  by  Dr.  Wilbert  Jackson 10 

Prayer  by  Dr.  J.  S.  Belts  of  Greensboro 14 

Memorials    15 

Palter — Diagnosis  With  Special  Reference  to  When  Teeth  Should 

be  Extracted  and  When  They  Should  be  Treated  by  Dr. 

U.  Gartield  Rickert  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich 25 

Paper — The  Relation  of  Dentistry  to  the  Individual  as  a  Whole 

by  Wm.  deB.  Macnider,  M.D.,  of  Chapel  Hill 36 

Tuesday  Eve^n'ing  Session,  S  :30  o'Clock,  June  6,  1933 

Meeting  of  House  of  Delegates : 

Report  of  Dental  Relief  Committee 41 

Report  of  Legislative  Committee 42 

Report  of  Committee  on  Relations  of  Physicians  and  Dentists  46 

Report  of  Virginia-Carolina  Clinic  Committee 47 

Report  of  Exhibit  Committee 48 

Report  of  Program  Committee 49 

Report  of  Secretary-Treasurer 50 

Tuesday  Evening  Session,  9  :00  o'Clock,  June  6,  1933 

Paper — Immediate  Denture  Service  Using  Treatment  Plates  by 

Dr.  L.  L.  Sheffield  of  Toledo,  Ohio 55 

Wednesday  Morning  Session,  June  7,  1933 

Paper— Practical  Root  Surgery  for  the  Average  Practitioner  by 

Dr.  U.  Gartield  Rickert  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich 67 

Paper — Traumatic  Occlusion  by  Dr.  Robert  L.  Dement  of 

Atlanta,  Ga 70 

Wednesday  Xoon  Session,  June  7,  1933 
Meeting  of  House  of  Delegates : 

Report  of  Extension  Course  Committee 76 

Reix»rt  of  Resolutions  Committee 78 

Report  of  Committee  to  Catalogue  Amendments  to  the 

Constitution  and  By  Laws 93 

Financial  Statement  of  Editor-Publisher  for  1932-1933 95 

Report  of  (ienerai  Arrangements  Committee 96 

Report  of  Dental  College  Committee 97 

Wednesday  Evening  Session,  6  :00  o'Clock,  June  7,  1933 
Banquet    104 

Wednesday  Evening  Session,  9  :10  o'clock,  June  7,  1933 

Elections  114 

Place  of  Next  Meeting 132 


J.iS8 


4  Bulletin  North   Carol ina  Dental  Society 

Thubsday  Morning  Session,  June  8,  1933  Pa^e 

General  Session 133 

Paper — Flaskless  Casting,  or  a  Metliod  of  Obtaining  Unrestricted 
Investment  Expansion  by  Dr.  J.  V.  Turner  of  Wilson 

N.  C 134 

Discussion   140 

Paper — Common  Interests  of  Medicine  and  Dentistry  by  Dr.  I.  H. 

Manning  of  Chapel  Hill ".. 146 

Paper — Activities  of  the   American    Dental   Association   by   Dr. 

Harry  Bear  of  Richmond,  Va 150 

Paper — Practical  Dentistry  for  Children  by  Dr.  G.  A.  C.  Jen- 
nings of  Richmond,  Va 155 

Paper — The  Floor  of  the  Maxillary  Sinus  and  Its  Dental,  Oral 
and  Nasal  Relations  by  Dr.  Wallace  F.  Mustian  of 
Warrenton  162 

Thursday  Noon  Session,  June  8,  1933 

Meeting  of  House  of  Delegates  : 

Report  of  Committee  on  President's  Address 171 

Report  of  State  Institutions  Committee 172 

Report  of  Committee  on  Re-instatement 173 

Reix)rt  of  Publicity  Committee 178 

Report  of  Oral  Hygiene  Committee 179 

Report  of  Ethics  Committee 179 

Report  on  Members  in  Arrears 180 

Report  of  the  Entertainment  Committee 182 

Report  of  Executive  Committee 184 

Report  of  Clinic  Board  of  Censors 186 

Report  of  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners 188 

Report  of  Golf  Committee 195 

Paper — Nutritional  Disturbance  in   Relation  to  Dental  Disease 

by  Dr.  O.  L.  Presnell,  Asheboro,  N.  C 196 

Paper— Some  Problems  of  Etiology  in  Orthodontia  by  Dr.  Fred 

Hale,  Raleigh,  N.  C 199 

Thursday  Afternoon  Session,  June  8,  1933 

Installation  of  Officers 206 

Committee  Appointments,  1933-1934 209 

Membership  of  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 213 

New  Members  225 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

NORTH  CAROLINA  DENTAL  SOCIETY 

FIFTY-NINTH  ANNUAL  SESSION 


Hill  Music  Hall,  Chapel  Hill, 
]SroRTH  Carolika,  Juke  6,  7,  8,  1933 


FIEST  DAY— TUESDAY,  JUIvTE  6,  1933 
Morning  Session 

The  Convention  was  called  to  order  at  10:00  a.m.,  by  Dr. 
Wilbert  Jackson,  of  Clinton,  President. 

President  Jachson: 

The  Fifty-Mnth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  I^orth  Carolina 
Dental  Society  will  now  come  to  order. 

You  will  please  stand  while  Dr.  Godbold,  of  the  Methodist 
Church  of  Chapel  Hill,  will  lead  the  invocation. 

Reverend  Alhea  Godhold: 

Oh  God,  our  Heavenly  Father,  we  thank  Thee  that  we  are 
dependent  upon  a  poAver  not  ourselves.  We  have  not  made  the 
world  in  which  we  live.  It  Avas  here  when  we  came  and  Avill  be 
here  when  we  shall  have  gone.  We  thank  Thee  for  the  manifes- 
tations of  goodness  toward  the  children  of  men.  We  thank  Thee 
for  every  gift  and  every  power  that  has  come  to  man.  We  thank 
Thee  for  the  great  advance  in  learning  and  in  science,  and 
especially  do  we  thank  Thee  for  the  advance  in  medical  science. 
We  thank  Thee  that  because  men  have  devoted  their  minds  to 
the  understanding  of  the  human  body  that  they  have  been  able 
to  do  away  with  a  great  deal  of  pain  and  suffering.  We  pray 
Thee  for  Thy  benedictions  ui)on  this  gathering  hei'c  at  this  time. 
We  pray  that  througli  this  association  and  felloAvsliij)  they  shall 
come  to  a  higher  understaiidiiig  of  tlie  great  task  wliicli  is 
theirs.    We  jn-ay  that  Tliou   will  liolp  every  one  of  tlicni   to  be 


6  /lii/h'fiii   Xorfh    Carol iva  Denial  Socicli/ 

couseioiis  at  nil  times  of  their  high  cause,  the  calling  of  serving 
men  and  making  life  easier  and  better  and  ha})pier  for  them. 
We  pray  Thee  to  help  every  one  of  them  keep  uppermost  in 
their  minds  the  high  ideals  of  relationship  with  all  men.  May 
every  one  of  them  bear  uppermost  in  his  mind  that  he  should 
do  unto  others  as  he  would  have  them  do  unto  him.  We  beseech 
Thee  for  Thy  blessings  upon  this  community,  the  great  Uni- 
versity and  upon  our  country.  We  ask  this  in  the  Master's 
name.    ^Vmen. 

President  Jacl'sun: 

We  are  indeed  honored  this  morning  to  have  with  us  the 
President  of  the  Greater  University  of  JSTorth  Carolina,  who  will 
deliver  the  address  of  welcome.  Dr.  Frank  Graham.  (Applause.) 

Dr.  Franl'  Graham: 

Mr.  President,  members  of  the  Nurtli  C'antlina  Dental  Society:  I 
appreciate  tlie  lienor  and  courtesy  of  your  invitation  to  be  here  this 
niornin.ir  to  say  just  a  brief  word  of  welcome.  The  University  of 
North  Carolina  appreciate.s  deeply  the  value  of  your  meeting  in 
(.'Impel  Hill.  I  think,  after  all,  this  Association  and  the  University 
of  North  Carolina  have  much  in  common.  In  the  tirst  place,  both  of 
us,  both  the  University  and  the  Association,  belong  to  North  Caro- 
lina and  this  University  belongs  to  you.  Not  only  so.  but  this 
University  and  the  dental  surgeons  of  this  State  stand  fundamentally 
for  the  same  thing.  The  University  stands  here  tinding  the  truth 
and  telling  the  truth,  however  disagreeable  that  truth  may  be,  and 
when  I  think  of  my  friend.  Dr.  Jones,  and  Dr.  Clark,  and  my  other 
friends  of  your  profession,  I  know  what  a  dentist  not  only  stands 
for.  but  does.  The  dentists  tell  us  things  that  even  our  best  friends 
do  not  tell  us. 

The  men  of  the  profession  of  dentistry  also  represent  the  scientific 
spirit.  I  may  illustrate  that  in  a  member  of  the  medical  profession 
on  the  faculty  of  the  University.  He  works  over  here  in  a  little 
lal)oratory,  very  meagerly  equipped.  "We  do  not  have  any  appropria- 
tion for  him  for  his  scientific  researches  and  yet  he  stays  right  here. 
Part  of  his  work  is  down  in  a  basement ;  another  part  of  his  work 
is  in  a  little  cubby  hole.  Great  universities  of  the  world  have  called 
him.  They  have  offered  him  magnificent  salaries.  Some  of  them 
more  than  double  what  we  could  ever  pay  him  here.  They  have 
said  to  him.  "If  you  come  to  us,"  these  great  universities  of  the  East 
and  of  the  great  Mississippi  Valley,  "we  will  give  you  an  associate 
prttfessor  to  stand  on  your  right  hand.  We  will  give  you  an  assistant 
professor  to  stand  on  your  left  hand,  and  we  will  give  you  a  tech- 
nician to  do  much  of  your  routine  work  as  you  project  these  great 
studies  in  your  mind."  All  we  give  him  here  is  a  janitor  that  cleans 
his  room  at  the  end  of  the  day.  But,  he  stays  here.  He  has  been 
called   to   a   great   universitv   in  the   East,   to   a   irreat  universitv   on 


Confainiitg  Ihe  Proceedings  7 

Lake  Erie.    He  has  been  called  to  one  of  tlie  greatest  medical  niii- 
versities,  situated  iu  the  center  of  this  continent. 

That  man  has  the  scientitic  spirit.  That  is  why  we  are  meeting 
here  today.  One  of  the  great  American  scientists  said  one  day,  "Bill, 
I  just  don't  understand  you.  You  owe  some  great  things  to  your 
generation.  You  are  one  of  the  world's  leaders  in  your  particular 
microscopic  field.  Why  don't  you  come  to  us  so  that  you  can  give  to 
the  world  what  you  owe  to  the  world?"  I  might  say  incidentally 
that  in  spite  of  his  meager  equipment  here,  in  spite  of  the  fact  he  has 
to  do  that  scientitic  research  work  by  the  sweat  of  his  own  hands, 
the  scientists  of  the  five  continents,  with  all  their  magnificent  equip- 
ment, have  not  been  able  to  match  the  results  of  the  persistent  and 
relentless  dynamic  researches  of  this  plain  man.  And  so,  when  this 
man  said,  "Why  don't  you  come?"  I  think  he  showed  not  only  the 
scientitic  spirit  that  has  brought  you  into  this  assembly,  but  also  he 
showed  something  even  bigger  than  a  scientific  spirit,  which  work 
is  a  part  of  the  ministry  of  any  great  dentist,  when  he  said  these 
words,  unconscious  as  he  was  of  the  revelation  it  was  of  the  man, 
"Well,  maybe  I  am  a  fool  to  stay  on  here,  but  you  know,  the 
MacNiders  have  been  buying  milk  from  the  Sparrows  in  Orange 
County  for  sixty  years,  and  I  am  not  going  to  start  buying  milk  from 
anybody  else."     (Applause.) 

And  so  this  great  scientist  represents  something  of  the  spirit  of  this 
institution,  which  was  provided  for  in  the  Constitution  in  that  year 
iu  which  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  signed,  when  there 
was  war  in  the  land,  revolution  in  the  air,  confusion  everywhere, 
and  with  no  assurance  of  any  future,  the  people  of  North  Carolina 
iu  a  Constitutional  Convention  in  the  year  1776  wrote  it  into  the 
organic  law  that  there  should  be  a  University  of  North  Carolina. 
That  is  part  of  your  tradition ;  that  is  part  of  the  treasure  and  tradi- 
tion of  your  State.  It  Avas  born  there,  during  the  birth  pangs  of  the 
nation,  chartered  in  the  year  in  which  we  ratified  our  Magna  Charta, 
.  17S9.  It  opened  its  doors  in  1795.  That  young  boy  from  Wilmington, 
the  first  student  to  enter  the  University,  came  and  was  placed  over 
here  in  Old  East  Building.  One  building.  One  professor.  One  stu- 
dent. That  was  the  first  state  university  in  America  to  open  its  doors. 
(Jeorgia  had  been  chartered  before,  but  North  Carolina  opened  first. 
And  then  it  became  one  of  the  great  southern  universities  to  which 
boys  came  from  Texas,  Louisiana,  Georgia,  Mississippi  and  Arkansas, 
Tennessee,   South  Carolina,  Alabama,  to  Chapel  Hill. 

Then  came  the  War.  Sherman's  army  came  this  way.  Kecoustruc- 
tion  came,  and  this  University  was  closed.  It  became  stale,  the 
faculty  dispersed,  the  student  body  scattered.  The  University  was 
closed;  Five  years  it  was  closed.  Now,  as  spectators  of  history,  we 
can  look  back  to  those  grim  years  when  our  University  was  iu  the 
midst  of  ruin  and  deterioration.  It  was  resolved  that  again  there 
should  be  a  University  of  North  Carolina.  On  March  20,  l.S7r».  men 
like  Zeb  Vance  and  the  rest  sent  word  to  Chapel  Hill  that  the 
University  would  be  opened  again  and  the  old  bell  in  South  Building 
which  had  not  rung  in  five  years,  would  ring  again.  It  was  a  woman 
who  inspired  those  men  to  go  to  Kaleigh  and  open  this  institution. 


8  Ilullctin  Xorth  Carolina  Denial  Society 

This  woman  climbecl  up  there  and  rang  this  bell.  She  had  lost  her 
husband  years  before,  but  in  these  forty  years  she  had  stayed  on 
with  her  meager  living  to  see  that  this  place  was  opened  again  to  the 
youth  of  North  Carolina  and  when  she  got  word  from  the  boys  she 
sent  down  there,  sent  from  the  mountains  and  from  the  tidewater 
shores,  and  from  the  piedmont  section,  that  the  University  was  to  be 
opened  again,  she  went  up  there  and  rang  the  bell,  and  I  hope  as 
you  hear  that  bell  ring  you  will  catch  something  of  tlie  spirit  not 
only  of  this  University,  but  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  that  it 
is  your  lionor  and  your  opportunity  to  serve,  as  in  a  scientific  way 
you  minister  to  the  health  and  the  strengtli  of  the  people  of  this 
State.  When  you  hear  that  bell  ring,  remember  that  for  five  years 
it  did  not  ring,  that  same  old  bell,  and  then  this  woman  went  up 
there  and  rang  it,  standing  way  up  there  in  the  belfry  by  herself — 
the  Spirit  of  North  Carolina — ^and  when  she  rang  that  bell.  North 
Carolina  was  on  the  march  again. 

And  so  Ave,  in  these  days  when  the  University  lias  been  hit  hard, 
when  you  have  been  hit  hard,  we  can  remember  that  we  have  come 
up  before,  you  have  come  up  before,  and  we  are  going  to  come  up 
again  in  the  spirit  of  the  people  of  this  State.  You,  in  revolution, 
founded  a  University.  You,  in  desolation,  reopened  it.  There  is 
courage  and  hope  in  the  air  of  this  place.  The  winds  of  the  world 
blow  through  the  open  doors  of  this  University.  The  winds  of 
scientific  research  in  dentistry  blow  through  these  doors  that  the 
truth  might  prevail  in  the  spirit  of  Him  who  came  that  we  miglit 
have  life  and  that  we  might  have  it  more  abundantly.  (Bell  ringing.) 
Tliere  is  tlie  bell  I  am  talking  about.  When  I  think  of  the  ministra- 
tions of  the  dentist  to  man,  I  not  only  think  about  him  being  that 
person  who  will  tell  you  those  things  which  your  best  friend  will 
not  tell  you,  but  I  tliink  of  tliat  parable  of  the  man  who  had  been 
to  all  the  springs  in  the  world.  He  could  not  walk.  He  had  great 
hope,  as  I  understand  it,  but  finally  he  came  back  not  healed.  Then 
a  simple  dentist  went  to  him  upon  his  call  and  pulled  a  tooth.  That 
man  "took  up  liis  bed  and  walked,"  in  the  language  of  the  parable. 

So,  in  these  days,  in  this  liour  when  your  Convention  meets  here, 
this  University  bids  you  a  glad  welcome  not  only  with  the  peals  of 
this  organ  to  which  you  have  just  listened,  but  also  with  the  tradi- 
tion and  spirit  which  is  now  in  that  bell  as  it  rings  out  to  you. 

Mr.  President,  I  am  sorry  that  I  have  to  go  away  at  this  time, 
and  I  just  want  to  say  to  you  and  througli  you  to  all  here  that  we 
are  glad  j'ou  could  come  here.     (Applause.) 

President  Jackson: 

Thank  you,  Doctor  Graham.  We  are  sorry  that  Doctor  Gra- 
ham has  to  go  at  this  time,  but  we  do  appreciate  more  than  we 
can  tell  him  his  presence  here  this  morning,  and  we  consider 
it  a  distinct  honor  and  pleasure  to  have  him  with  us.  We  will 
ask  Dr.  Presnell  to  respoiid  to  the  address  of  welcome.  Dr. 
Presnell.     (Applause.) 


Containing  the  Proceedings  9 

Dr.  0.  L.  Presiielt,  Ashehoro: 

Mr.  President  and  gentlemen.  There  may  have  been  some 
among  us  who,  because  of  the  fact  we  are  so  accustomed  to  meet- 
ing in  some  of  the  larger  cities  and  resort  places,  felt  a  little 
bit  skeptic  about  coming  to  Chapel  Hill.  But,  after  coming 
here  and  seeing  the  preparation  made  for  our  entertainment, 
and  being  received  with  such  a  cordial  reception,  I  am  sure  the 
minds  of  all  have  been  satisfied.  It  is  delightful  to  come  here, 
and  I  believe  Chapel  Hill  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  places  in 
JN'orth  Carolina.  There  is  an  environment  here  most  appropriate 
for  this  occasion.  We  come  together  for  fellowship  and  for  the 
stimulation  and  improvement  of  our  minds,,  and  the  environ- 
ment in  Avhich  we  meet  has  a  great  deal  to  do  with  our  capacity 
to  understand  things.  Here  in  this  place  surrounded  by  the 
monuments  to  learning,  in  the  shadows  of  these  walls,  Ave  find 
an  environment  which  to  my  mind  is  most  appropriate  for  this 
occasion.  We  have  a  peculiar  situation.  This  morning  we  have 
a  spirit  of  ownership  that  we  have  never  experienced  before. 
We  are  coming  into  our  own  possession.  This  University  be- 
longs to  you  and  to  me.  We  are  very  proud  of  our  University. 
We  are  mindful  of  the  spirit  of  cooperation  on  the  part  of  the 
University  Extension  Division  in  connection  with  our  post- 
graduate work  which  was  carried  on  here  so  successfully.  We 
are  proud  of  our  forefathers  whoi  nearly  a  century  and  a  half 
ago  had  a  vision  and  laid  the  foundation  for  the  establishment 
of  this  institution  for  the  youth  of  our  State.  How  surprised 
and  gratified  they  might  be  if  they  could  return  and  see  the 
extent  to  which  the  University  has  grown,  both  physically  and 
mentally.  We  would  honor  those  men  and  all  those  Avho  have 
followed  them  in  the  building  and  who  have  formulated  policies 
and  administered  the  affairs  of  the  University  until  it  now 
attains  high  rank  and  is  one  of  the  leading  institutions  in 
America.  We  are  delighted  to  be  Avelcomed  by  Frank  Graham, 
as  he  is  known  through  the  State  as  Frank  Graham,  Avhich  is  a 
great  tribute  to  the  man.  I  am  sure  it  is.  I  assure  him  it  is  a 
great  delight  for  us  to  be  here.    (Applause.) 

President  Jackson : 

Thank  you  Doctor  Presncll.  Doctor  Nixon,  ^\\\\  yon  ])lc;ise 
take  the  chair? 


10  Bulletin  North   Carotina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  //.  E.  Xixon,  Elizabeth  City: 

Ladies  and  gentlemeu,  it  is  indeed  a  pleasure  to  hear  at  this 
time,  the  address  by  the  President  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society.    Doctor  Jackson.    (Applause.) 

THE  PKESIDENTS  ADDRESS 

Mr.  President,  Fellow  Members  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society, 
Ladies  and  Guests : 

It  has  been  a  little  more  than  two  years  since  this  organization, 
through  its  generosity,  elected  me  to  stand  on  the  bridge  and  pilot 
the  ship  of  dentistry  in  North  Carolina  through  the  uncertain  waters 
of  the  past  year. 

I  doubted  the  wisdom  of  your  selection  and  election  at  that  time, 
for  no  one  knew  my  limitations  better  than  I  knew  them  myself. 
Until  this  good  hour  I  feel  that  someone  else  might  have  carried  on 
in  a  more  efficient  way.  Yet  I  am  sure  no  man  has  loved  the  Society 
more  or  made  its  welfare  a  more  paramount  interest. 

In  loyalty  to  my  best  impulses,  I  desire  to  express  to  this  organiza- 
tion my  sincere,  heartfelt  gratitude  for  the  honor  you  conferred  upon 
me  when  you  elected  me  your  President. 

Some  of  the  sailing  has  been  smooth  but  not  all  of  it.  To  those 
who  have  stood  by,  helped  and  encouraged  when  grave  dangers 
seemed  to  beset  us,  I  wish  to  express  my  deepest  appreciation.  The 
assurance  of  your  support  and  confidence  has  meant  everything. 
Cheered  on  by  your  loyalty  the  business  trip  was  transformed  into 
one  of  genuine  pleasure.  The  most  difficult  undertakings  which  at 
the  time  seemed  real  problems  now  can  be  recalled  since  they  are 
matters  of  history  as  real  pleasures  rather  than  matters  of  duty. 

In  the  short  time  allotted  to  me  for  this  would-be  address,  I  shall 
not  discuss  the  progress  our  Society  has  made  over  these  fifty-nine 
years  of  its  existence ;  neither  shall  I  discuss  questions  and  problems 
that  rightfully  belong  to  the  American  Dental  Association  other  than 
those  that  may  be  of  interest  to  our  Society.  There  are  those  who 
will  appear  on  our  program  at  a  later  hour  who  can  and  will  deal 
with  these  questions  to  the  satisfaction  of  everyone.  I  have  chosen 
to  discuss  some  of  the  problems  that  confront  our  own  organization 
at  this  time. 

It  has  been  my  happy  privilege  this  year,  as  your  President,  to 
attend  a  district  meeting  in  every  district  in  the  State.  I  want  to 
assure  you  that  at  the  termination  of  this  year,  I  shall  long  remember 
the  cordial  way  in  which  I  was  received ;  and  the  pleasant  contacts 
which  I  made.  I  cannot  say  too  much  in  praise  of  the  district 
meetings  held  during  the  past  year.  Your  Secretary  and  President- 
Elect  have  also  attended  every  district  meeting  during  the  past  year. 
They  will  attest  the  fact  that  many  of  the  programs  and  clinics 
presented  would  have  done  honor  to  any  State  meeting.  The  interest 
manifested  was  marvelous.  The  way  in  which  the  fellows  have  kept 
their  heads  up  and  their  feet  on  the  ground  to  carry  on  is  remarkable. 

I  feel  in  fairness  to  our  membership,  you  should  know  something 


Containing  the  Proceedings  11 

of  tlie  activities  of  your  Legislative  and  Executive  Committees.  You 
will  recall  that  the  Legislature  was  in  session  for  more  than  four 
months.  It  sought  to  change  almost  everything-  except  the  twenty- 
tive-doUar  privilege  tax  we  have  to  pay.  In  fact,  it  was  recommended 
by  the  joint  committee  of  the  Senate  and  House  that  the  dental 
department  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  be  abolished  and  no 
appropriation  made  for  the  same.  Then  there  came  from  the  Char- 
lotte Dental  Society  a  most  urgent  appeal  for  some  legislation  that 
would  prohibit  fraudulent  advertising  and  soliciting  of  patients  by 
dentists. 

During  the  last  days  of  the  Legislature  there  was  introduced  a 
bill  that  would  license  one  man,  Sharp,  to  practice  dentistry  who 
has  not  and  cannot  meet  the  requirements  of  the  State  Board  of 
Dental  Examiners.  For  more  than  twenty  years  our  Society  has  had 
to  contend  with  this  man.  The  introduction  of  this  bill  made  it 
necessary  for  these  committees  to  make  several  trips  to  Raleigh  and 
to  spend  days  there  if  the  high  standard  of  requirements  that  has 
been  set  for  us  was  to  be  maintained.  Each  time  it  was  necessary 
to  call  members  of  the  Society  from  all  over  North  Carolina  to  come 
to  Raleigh.  Regardless  of  the  inconvenience  of  the  trip  and  the 
distance  to  be  traveled  not  one  call  for  help  was  made  that  was  not 
heard.  These  committees  with  your  help  won  every  light.  Without 
this  cooperation  from  the  membership,  we  could  not  have  been  so 
successful.  These  committees  by  painstaking  efforts  have  succeeded 
in  preserving  our  dental  laws.  Because  of  their  wise  and  timely  ac- 
tion our  splendid  organization  has  been  maintained  and  we  still  hold 
a  most  honorable  position  among  professions.  This  Society  owes  a 
debt  of  lasting  gratitude  to  these  men  for  the  splendid  work  they 
have  done  this  year  for  dentistry  in  North  Carolina. 

In  all  things  we  have  stood  together,  and  from  all  these  experi- 
ences of  laboring  together  towards  a  common  goal  may  I  say  that 
our  Society  presents  a  more  solid  phalanx  for  the  causes  our  pro- 
fession represents. 

The  grim  reaper  has  wielded  a  cruel  scythe  during  the  year.  Many 
of  our  finest  and  best,  most  loyal,  useful  and  lovable  men  have  been 
cut  down.  We  stop  and  stand  with  bare  and  bowed  heads  to  do  them 
reverence.  We  treasure  the  memories  of  these  noble  men.  During 
the  year  we  have  lost  the  last  charter  member  of  our  Society,  Dr. 
Jones  of  Winston-Salem. 

I  pause  to  remind  you  that  North  Carolina  has  not  been  entirely 
free  from  the  spirit  that  breeds  state  and  panel  dentistry.  I  am 
happy  to  be  able  to  tell  you  that  members  of  this  Society,  in  some 
cities  through  their  local  organizations  have  organized  and  so  per- 
fected clinics  to  care  for  the  oral  health  of  the  indigejit  that  state 
and  panel  dentistry  is  practically  impossible. 

I  believe  that  if  state  or  panel  dentistry  comes  to  this  State  it 
will  be  because  you  and  I  fail  to  grasp  the  opportunities  jiresented 
to  us  to  render  a  real  service. 

It  is  impossible  to  so  perfect  a  constitution  and  by-laws  for  any 
progressive  organization  that  they  will  meet  the  needs  for  any  defi- 
nite length  of  time.    The  by-laws  under  which  our  Society  operates 


12  Bulletin  Nortli  Carolina  Denial  Sociely 

today  were  adopted  in  192S.  lu  this  short  time  it  has  been  necessary 
to  adopt  several  amendments  to  meet  the  changing  conditions  under 
which  we  must  work.  At  the  present  time  only  the  Secretary  of  the 
State  Society  is  required  to  be  bonded  for  the  funds  he  handles. 
The  Secretary  is  the  only  State  Society  officer  who  makes  a  report. 
If  district  secretaries  had  been  required  to  make  reiwrts  also  some 
misunderstanding  between  them  and  other  members  of  the  Society 
could  have  been  prevented  probably.  In  my  opinion  the  district 
secretaries  should  be  bonded  for  the  funds  they  handle;  and  required 
to  make  an  additional  report  to  the  chairman  of  the  State  Executive 
Committee.  This  report  should  contain  a  list  of  every  member  who 
has  paid  his  dues,  and  a  copy  of  the  report  should  be  sent  to  the 
State  Secretary. 

It  has  been  very  evident  this  year  to  the  Secretary-Treasurer,  to 
the  custodian  of  the  relief  fund,  and  to  your  President  that  the 
Society  in  some  way  should  designate  an  approved  depository  for  the 
Society's  funds,  including  the  relief  fund. 

The  laws  which  regulate  the  practice  of  dentistry  in  North  Caro- 
lina have  been  considered  among  the  best.  We  have  had  reasons  to 
be  proud  of  our  laws  as  they  appear  on  the  statute  books  of  North 
Carolina.  Many  states  have  been  pleased  to  model  their  laws  after 
ours.  As  perfect  as  they  may  have  seemed,  and  as  proud  as  we 
may  have  been  to  claim  them  among  the  best,  the  transitory  period 
through  which  our  profession  has  had  to  pass  has  proved  that  our 
laws  might  still  be  strengthened  for  the  betterment  of  every  ethical 
practitioner  of  dentistry. 

The  variovis  officers  having  realized  the  seriousness  of  the  economic 
condition  which  has  confronted  everyone,  have  made  every  effort 
possible  to  help  the  fellows  in  the  Society.  Even  though  we  think  we 
have  the  best  State  Society  at  all,  the  fact  remains  that  only  about 
fifty  per  cent  of  the  dentists  in  North  Carolina  are  members  of  this 
organization.  It  is  very  necessary  that  something  be  done  to  interest 
these  men  who  are  not  members,  in  the  work  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society.  The  principal  reason  they  are  not  members  is  be- 
cause membership  in  our  Society  has  not  been  made  attractive 
enough.  If  our  Society  is  to  do  the  greatest  good  for  the  profession 
and  the  public  it  must  make  membership  in  the  Society  attractive. 

I  quote  from  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Reorganization  of  the 
American  Dental  Association,  "The  most  important  activity  con- 
fronting the  American  Dental  Association  and  its  constituent  state 
societies  is  the  strengthening  of  the  respective  organizations  by  enlarg- 
ing their  membership  through  unified  effort.  The  maintenance  of  the 
different  established  departments  of  the  American  Dental  Associa- 
tion ;  the  strengthening  of  the  dental  laws  in  the  different  states  as 
well  as  necessary  national  legislation ;  the  necessary  protective 
measure  to  be  taken  in  preparation  for  whatever  the  future  may 
have  in  store  in  the  way  of  panel,  contract,  or  State  dentistry ;  the 
realization  of  the  objectives  and  high  ideals  of  the  dental  profession ; 
all  are  dependent  upon  the  size  and  efficiencj'  of  the  different  units 
of  organized    dentistry." 

I  therefore  recommend : 


Conhiining  the  Froceeclings  13 

(.1)  The  adoption  by  this  Society  of  the  plan  of  organization  of 
the  American  Dental  Association — by  resolution  rather  than  a  change 
in  our  bj'-laws. 

(2)  That  the  Legislative  Committee  make  a  special  study  of  the 
dental  laws  as  they  now  appear  on -the  statute  books  of  North  Caro- 
lina with  a  view  to  strengthening  same.  That  the  committee  be 
empowered  to  employ  such  legal  assistance  as  they  may  need  to 
properly  interpret  the  law  and  to  assist  in  framing  whatever  bill 
in  their  opinion  may  be  needed  to  make  our  law  more  effective ;  that 
the  committee  make  a  report  of  their  findings  and  recommendations 
at  the  next  annual  meeting  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society. 

(3)  That  we  amend  the  by-laws  to  provide  for  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee the  power  to  designate  an  approved  depository  for  the  funds 
of  the  Society  including  the  relief  fvmd. 

(4)  That  we  amend  the  by-laws  to  provide  that  the  Secretary- 
Treasurer  of  the  various  districts  must  make  a  final  report  to  the 
chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  within  fifteen  days  after  the 
annual  meeting ;  that  said  report  shall  contain  a  complete  list  of 
the  members  in  his  district  from  which  he  has  collected  dues,  the 
year  for  which  dues  were  collected,  and  the  total  amount  collected. 

(5)  That  we  amend  the  by-laws  to  provide  that  the  Secretary- 
Treasurer  of  each  district  be  bonded  by  the  State  Society  to  the 
amount  of  one  thousand  dollars. 

Whatever  success  that  may  come  to  this  Society  as  a  result  of 
the  past  year's  efforts  will  not  be  due  to  any  effort  of  mine ;  nor  to 
the  efforts  of  any  one  group  of  you,  but  rather  to  the  cooperative 
spirit  that  permeates  each  member  of  this   Society. 

I  have  no  misgivings  about  the  coming  year  for  our  organization. 
Because  this  Society  is  composed  of  men  of  knowledge,  principle,  and 
character ;  and  will  be  led  by  one  who  possesses  every  virtue  of  the 
highest  type  and  is  a  gentleman  of  ability.  I  know  and  you  know 
that  Dr.  Branch  will  only  add  laurels  to  his  already  bedecked 
crown.  I  pledge  to  him,  to  those  who  shall  come  after  him,  and  to 
this  Society  my  best  efforts. 

In  conclusion,  may  I  say  with  humility  and  pride  that  this  has 
been  a  most  wonderful  and  inspiring  year  for  me.  With  humility 
because  I  have  not  been  able  to  render  a  more  efiicient  service  to 
the  Society.  With  pride,  for  having  had  the  honor  and  satisfaction 
of  being  the  President  of  a  Society  composed  of  men  and  women 
who  know  and  do  the  right.  Who  are  willing  to  be  used  to  the  last 
ounce  of  their  energy  in  order  to  carry  on  in  the  name  of  an  honor- 
able profession  for  an  honorable  people.  Men  and  women  who  will 
live  for  and  die  by  an  honest  conviction. 

Again  I  wish  to  thank  all  officers,  committees,  and  others  who 
have  so  earnestly  helped  by  word  or  deed  to  make  this  meeting  a 
success.  I  have  not  words  to  express  my  gratitude  for  your  unfailing 
help  and  encouragement.  I  hope  I  may  prove  the  sincerity  of  my 
appreciation  for  the  honor  you  conferred  on  me,  when  you  elected 
me  your  President,  by  ever  rendering  to  this  Society  my  best  service. 

I  thank  j'ou.     (Applause.) 


14  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  H.  E.  Nixon: 

I  would  like  to  ask  the  following  to  act  as  the  Committee  on 
the  President's  Address :  Dr.  John  Wheeler,  Chairman,  Dr. 
Oscar  Hooks,  and  Dr.  Wallace  F.  Mustian. 

President  Jackson,  Avill  you  resume  the  chair  ? 

President  Jaclson: 

We  will  now  have  the  report  of  the  J^ecrology  Committee. 

Dr.  J.  C.  Wall- ins,  W inston-Sal em : 

Mr.  President  and  gentlemen,  we  have  lost  several  of  our 
honored  and  beloved  members.  They  are  as  follows :  Dr.  J.  Fred 
Hall  from  the  Second  District,  also  Dr.  S.  B.  Bivens,  and 
Dr.  Kobert  H.  Jones.  From  the  Third  District,  Dr.  W.  W. 
Kowe,  Dr.  J.  H.  Brooks,  and  Dr.  C.  W.  Eegan.  Fourth  District, 
Dr.  H.  N.  Walters,  and  Fifth  District  Dr.  L.  E.  Gorham  and 
Dr.  C.  E.  Edge. 

Before  we  begin  this  memorial  service,  I  will  ask  Dr.  Joe 
Betts  to  lead  us  in  prayer. 

Dv.  J.  S.  Belts,  Greensboro: 

Infinite  God,  the  one  Father  of  us  all,  in  this  silence  may 
we  find  our  song  of  praise.  Our  hearts  and  memories  are  moved 
over  scenes  and  associates  that  are  no  more.  Let  this  calm 
mellow  our  lives  and  hallow  our  thoughts,  as  above  them  cluster 
those  HeaA^enly  secrets  Avhich  the  tongue  cannot  tell.  These 
are  treasured  as  a  miser  would  treasure  his  own.  Our  departed 
members  have  labored  through  stress  and  strain  and  struggle 
and  storm.  They  have  loitered  on  the  moonlit  tide;  they  have 
rested,  and  they  have  waited,  and  in  an  expectant  moment,  the 
heavens  opened  and  their  souls  entered  into  immortality.  Let 
the  special  favor  of  Thy  blessing  and  the  sweet  and  comforting 
influences  of  the  Holy  Spirit  be  upon  the  lives  of  those  whose 
hearts  are  bedewed  with  love  and  sympathy.  When  Thou  cometli 
in  the  darkness,  when  Thy  hand  is  severe,  when  the  thorn 
enters  the  side,  and  our  loved  ones  are  smitten,  then  Thou  art 
most  gracious  and  full  of  compassion  and  love  and  mercy  and 
tenderness.  O  loving  Heavenly  Father,  in  the  arms  of  faith  Ave 
bring  all  sorrowing  hearts  to  Thee,  Thou  Avhose  name  is  above 
every  name,  the  one  Avith  a  marred  face,  the  pierced  hand, 
and  the  wounded  side;  be  Thou  the  DiAane  Herald  Avho  goes 
before,  proclaiming  final  peace  and  perfect  happiness.    Amen. 


Containing  the  Froceedings  15 

Dr.  J.  C.  Watl-ins: 

I  -will  ask  Dr.  D.  W.  Holcomb  to  read  the  memorial  to  Dr. 
J.  Fred  Hall.    Dr.  Holcomb. 

Dr.  D.  W.  Holcomb,  Windon-Salem: 

DR.  J.  FRED  HALL,  WINSTON-SALEM,  N.  C. 

July  9,  1904— May  4,  1932 

Memokial  by  Dr.  D.  W.  Holcomb,  Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 

Dr.  J.  Fred  Hall  was  born  at  Yadkinville,  N.  C,  July  9,  1904. 
The  sou  of  W.  A.  and  Isabel  Williams  Hall.  His  death  occurred 
May  4,  1932,  in  the  city  of  Winston-Salem,  where  he  practiced  his 
profession. 

After  graduating  from  the  public  schools  of  Yadkinville  he  entered 
Emory  University  preparatory  to  his  training  for  the  dental  pro- 
fession. In  1922  he  enrolled  as  a  student  at  the  Atlanta  Southern 
Dental  College  and  was  graduated  with  honor  from  that  institution 
in  1926.  After  taking  the  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina  and  Georgia 
Dental  Boards  he  located  in  Winston-Salem  and  practiced  there  until 
his  death. 

Dr.  Hall  was  highly  skilled  in  his  profession  and  had  given 
numerous  clinics  before  the  State,  district  and  local  societies,  as  well 
as  societies  in  other  states.  But  for  his  untimely  death  he  would 
have  undoubtedly  been  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  profession  within 
a  short  time. 

Fred,  as  he  was  known  by  most  of  us,  carried  with  him  throughout 
life  a  genial  smile  and  a  hearty  handshake  for  his  fellow-man,  making 
true  and  lasting  friends  with  all  whom  he  contacted.  In  memory, 
he  stands  today  loved  alike  by  his  professional  brethren  and  laymen. 
A  verse  written  by  Dr.  Henry  Van  Dyke  is  remembered  as  fittingly 
applied  to  him,  which  reads  as  follows : 

"Who  looks  to  Heaven  alone 
To  save  his  soul 
May  keep  the  path,  but 
Will  not  find  the  goal 
But  he  who  walks  in 
Love,  may  wander  far. 
Yet  God  will  bring  him 
Where  the  blessed  are." 

In  memory  fading  naught,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  he  has  turned 
his  face  from  the  morning  and  stands  looking  down  the  western 
slope,  happy  and  unafraid  in  the  serene  bliss  of  his  Home  over  There. 

He  is  survived  by  his  parents,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  A.  Hall  of  Yadkin- 
ville, N.  C.  Three  sisters,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Rousseau  of  North  Wilkesboro, 
N.  C,  Misses  Ruth  and  Ann  Hall  of  Yadkinville,  and  two  brothers 
E.  F.  and  C.  W.  Hall  of  Winston-Salem. 


16  Bidletin  North  Carolina  Dental  ^Society 

Dr.  J.  C.  Watkim: 

Dr.  Phin  Horton  will  read  the  memorial  to  Dr.  Robert  H. 
Jones. 

Dr.  FhinE.  Horton,  Win^ston-Saleni: 

DR.   ROBERT   H.   JONES,   AVINSTON-SALEM,   X.    C. 

July  23,  1850— May  8,  1933 

Memorial  by  Dr.  Phin  E.  Horton,  Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 

I  esteem  it  a  privilege  to  serve  as  the  spokesman  for  my  honored 
colleagues  in  voicing  our  appreciation  of  one  whose  death  has 
brought  not  onlj-  sorrow  in  losing  a  fellow-member,  but  a  double 
sense  of  loss,  because,  in  the  passing  of  Dr.  R.  H.  Jones  of  Winstou- 
Salem,  we  lose  the  last  member  of  that  wise  and  far-seeing  group 
of  men  who  met  in  Beaufort,  North  Carolina,  fifty-eight  years  ago 
and  organized  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society ;  an  organization 
which,  more  than  any  other  factor,  has  contributed  to  the  progress 
of  the  dental  profession  and  to  the  spirit  of  cooperation  among  its 
members. 

Dr.  Jones  was  born  at  Oak  Grove  Plantation,  near  Bethania,  N.  C, 
July  21,  1850,  the  son  of  Dr.  Beverly  Jones  and  Julia  Conrad  Jones. 
His  youth  was  spent  in  the  trying  days  of  the  Civil  War  and  the 
more  dreadful  Reconstruction  days  which  followed.  In  1868  he  went 
to  the  University  of  Kentucky,  where  he  remained  two  years.  Having 
chosen  dentistry  as  his  profession,  he  returned  to  North  Carolina 
and  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Hunter,  at  that  time  one  of  the 
foremost  dentists  in  the  South.  Later  he  went  to  the  Philadelphia 
Dental  College,  now  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1875.  He  practiced  in  his  old  home  in  Bethania  about  four 
years. 

In  1879  Dr.  Jones  married  Miss  Sallie  Fontaine  Wayt  of  Reids- 
ville.  From  this  union  there  were  five  children.  After  his  marriage 
he  moved  to  Martinsville,  Virginia  and  remained  there  until  after 
the  death  of  his  wife  in  1888,  when  he  returned  to  Winston- Salem. 
He  is  survived  by  his  second  wife,  who  was  Miss  Amelia  Holland  of 
Virginia,  and  four  children. 

The  Society  he  helped  form  has  honored  him  in  many  ways.  He 
was  President  in  1895.  In  1897  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  State 
Examining  Board,  succeeding  Dr.  Hunter.  He  held  the  position  of 
Secretary  of  that  Board  for  twelve  years.  Dr.  Jones  was  a  charter 
member  of  the  Fourth  Street  Christian  Church  of  Winston-Salem  and 
a  member  of  the  board  of  finances  of  the  Atlantic  Christian  College, 
which  is  the  church  school  of  that  denomination  in  North  Carolina. 
He  was  an  elder  in  his  church  for  sixty-six  consecutive  years.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  the 
Scottish  Rite  Branch  order  of  Free  Masonry. 

Beyond  any  answerable  argument  the  highest  requisite  to  the 
fullest  and  finest  development  of  what  is  noblest  in  man,  is  sincere, 
consistent,   heartfelt   piety.     It   is   the    surest   incentive   to    the   full 


Containing  the  Froceedmgs  17 

discharge  of  all  duties  toward  mau,  the  truest  aud  most  unfailing 
inspiration  of  honor,  the  strongest  safeguard  of  personal  integrity 
aud  the  most  efficient  aid  in  the  pursuit  and  attainment  of  a  strong 
and  noble  character.  That  Dr.  Jones  possessed  this  requisite,  all 
of  you  who  knew  him  well  can  fully  attest.  His  uncompromising 
truthfulness,  his  self-control,  his  integrity  of  purpose,  his  determina- 
tion to  follow  the  standards  he  thought  right,  leave  a  heritage  that 
we,  as  members  of  the  Society  he  helped  found,  may  not  only  he 
proud  of,  but  should  strive  to  emulate.  In  his  death  the  Society  has 
lost  a  faithful  worker  who  gave  his  time  and  his  energy  for  the 
good  of  the  Society.  Our  sense  of  loss  is  very  keen  and  our  appre- 
ciation for  the  unstinted  service  he  gave  through  all  the  years  is 
unbounded. 

In  closing  I  wish  to  bear  my  public  testimonj'  to  the  staunchness 
of  his  character,  to  his  loyalty  to  familj^  friends  and  profession,  to 
his  uprightness  and  faithfulness  to  his  ideals  aud  I  trust  that  the 
mantle  of  his  spirit  may  fall  on  us  who  are  left.  God  grant  that 
his  memory,  so  inwoven  with  the  history  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society,  may  be  an  abiding  benediction  upon  all  its  members. 

Dr.  J.  C.  Watl-ins: 

Dr.  Joe  Betts  will  read  a  memorial  to  Dr.  W.  W.  Howe. 

Dr.  J.  S.  Betts,  Greensboro: 

DR.  W.  W.  ROWE,  GREENSBORO,  N.  C. 

December  16,  1860 — December  12,  1932 
Memorial  by  Dr.  J.  S.  Betts,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  Walter  Wheat  Rowe,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  December  16th,  1860.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr. 
Joseph  Walter  Rowe  and  Maria  Wheat  Rowe  of  that  city.  He  was 
graduated  with  honors  at  the  University  of  Maryland  in  Baltimore 
in  the  class  of  1881,  the  same  year  coming  to  North  Carolina  and 
locating  in  Greensboro,  where  he  practiced  dentistry  for  nearly  a 
half  century. 

On  August  12th,  1886,  Dr.  Rowe  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  T. 
Dyson  of  Philadelphia,  and  to  them  were  born  two  children,  Nellie  M. 
aud  Joseph  Walter.  The  daughter,  Miss  Nellie  Rowe,  is  the  capable 
and  efficient  librarian  of  the  Greensboro  Public  Library ;  the  son, 
Jol>eph  Rowe  died  in  one  of  the  base  hospitals  following  his  enlist- 
ment in  the  United  States  Navy  during  the  World  War.  Mrs.  Rowe's 
death  occurred  in  1907. 

Dr.  Rowe  was  a  faithful,  loyal  member  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society  and  was  regiilar  in  his  attendance  upon  its  meetings, 
being  thoroughly  in  sympathy  with  and  enthusiastically  supporting 
every  move  of  the  organization  looking  to  advanced  standing  among 
the  professions  and  efficiency  in  serving  the  public.  He  was  highly 
regarded  by  his  fellow  dentists  as  an  ethical  practitioner  of  the 
strictest  sort. 


18  Jlii/lcliii   Xorth    Carolina  Denial  Sac/cli/ 

It  was  lar.wly  due  to  his  iutluouoe  and  eft'orts  that  the  Guilford 
{'ouiitj-  Dental  Society  was  formed  several  years  ago,  and  following 
one  of  tlie  hist  meetings  he  attended  he  was  heard  to  remarlc  that 
he  was  pleased  to  observe  that  the  organization  he  helped  to  form 
was  "still  going  strong.'" 

Dr.  Kowe's  interest  and  activities  were  not  contined  within  the 
bounds  and  limits  of  his  profession ;  he  took  a  lively  interest  in 
civic  affairs,  taking  a  pride  in  the  welfare  and  growth  of  the  city 
(if  his  adoption.  Nor  did  his  interest  and  activities  stop  there,  he 
^^■as  a  most  active  and  faithful  and  loyal  member  of  the  Baptist 
denomination,  in  whose  behalf  he  gave  long  and  efficient  service, 
being  deacon  in  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Greensboro  at  the  time 
of  his  death. 

In  the  passing  of  Dr.  liowe  on  December  12th,  1932,  following  a 
jjrief  illness,  the  dental  profession  has  lost  a  painstaking,  careful, 
conscientious,  and  ethical  practitioner ;  the  city  of  Greenslxiro  a  most 
worthy  and  useful  citizen  ;  and  the  Baptist  denomination  a  faithful 
and  devoted  member  whose  wholesome  influence  will  be  felt  through 
the  coming  years. 

Dr.  J.  ('.  Wall-ins: 

We  Avill  ask  Dr.  E.  A.  Wilkins  to  read  the  memorial  to  Dr. 
John  H.  Brooks,  deceased. 

Dr.  B.  A.  Will-in.^,  Burlinglon: 

DK.  .1.  H.  BROOKS,  BURLINGTON,  N.  C. 

.June  26,  1865— May  4,  1932 

Memorial  by  Dr.  R.  W.  Wilkins,  Burlington,  N.  C. 

In  view  of  the  passing  of  Dr.  John  H.  Brooks,  a  faithful,  loyal 
member  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  from  this  life  on  May 
4,  1932,  the  Society  wishes  in  this  way  to  give  brief  expression  of 
its  appreciation  of  his  manly  qualities  of  character,  and  of  tlie 
faithful  service  he  rendered  as  a  member  of  this  organization. 

Dr.  Brooks  was  born  in  North  Alamance  County  on  .Tune  26,  1865, 
and  spent  his  boyhood  days  on  the  farm.  He  received  his  early 
education  in  the  public  schools  in  that  section  of  the  county.  Later 
he  entered  school  at  Chapel  Hill.  After  spending  two  years  there  he 
entered  the  Atlanta  Dental  College ;  spending  one  year  there,  he 
entered  a  Dental  College  in  Philadelphia.  J'rom  there  he  graduated, 
returning  to  Burlington  and  located  there  to  practice  his  chosen  pro- 
fession, and  for  over  thirty  years  he  was  actively  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  dentistry. 

In  1900  Dr.  Brooks  was  married  to  Miss  Flora  Sellars  and  to  this 
union  two  children  were  Iwiru.  John  H..  Jr.,  and  Christine,  all  of 
whom  survive  him. 

This,  our  fellow-member,  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Alamance- 
Caswell  Dental  Society  and  an  early  member  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society;  was  regular  and  faithful  in  his  attendance,  and  was 


Containing  IJie  Fruceedings  19 

ever  ready  to  render  any  jservit-e  possible  in  the  proiTn>tit»ii  of  tlie 
interests  and  progress  of  tlie  profession. 

During  the  years  of  liis  association  \Yith  us,  he  manifested  a  keen 
interest  in  all  the  activities  of  the  Society,  and  labored  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  spirit  of  fellowship  and  cooperation  among  us. 

As  a  citizen,  Dr.  Brooks  was  quiet,  unassuming,  and  was  moved  by 
a  determination  to  carry  on  in  his  community  in  a  way  that  would 
be  helpful  to  all.  He  was  clean  in  his  habits  and  in  his  conduct.  He 
believed  in  honesty  and  fair  play  in  his  dealing  with  his  fellows.  He 
sought  no  unfair  advantage  over  other  men. 

His  was  a  high  sense  of  honor  which  he  endeavored  to  express  in 
all  the  affairs  of  his  life,  a  quality  of  character  worthy  of  emulation 
on  the  part  of  all.  Dr.  Brooks  united  with  the  First  Christian  Church 
of  Burlington  in  early  life,  and  was  later  identified  with  many  social 
and  civic  organizations,  such  as  Director  of  the  First  National  Bank, 
United  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  May  Hosiery  Mill,  and  Sellars 
Manufacturing  Company. 

The  Society  wishes  to  give  this  evidence  of  its  deep  sympathy  to 
the  members  of  his  family  in  this  time  of  their  sorrow  and  loss, 
at  the  same  time  offering  our  services  in  any  way  that  may  be  of 
comfort  and  encouragement  to  them  through  their  trial  and  grief. 

Dr.  J.  C.  WafMns: 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson  will  read  the  memorial  to  Dr.  Charles  W. 
Regan.    Dr.  Johnson. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson,  Goldshoro : 

DR.  C.  W.  REGAN,  LAURINBURG,  N.  C. 

ISSO^April  7,  1933 

Memorial  by  Dr.  J.  N.  Johxson,  Goldsboro,  N.  C. 

Dr.  Charles  Wyche  Regan,  a  life  member  of  this  Society,  after  a 
long  and  lingering  illness,  from  that  dread  malady  cancer,  fell  on 
sleep  at  his  home  in  Laurinburg,  April  6th,  1933. 

Dr.  Regan  was  born  in  Robeson  County,  the  son  of  Joe  Neal  and 
Emma  Matilda  Regan,  September  9th,  1879.  He  received  his  edaca- 
tion  in  the  schools  of  his  county,  Waycross,  Ga.,  and  the  Atlanta 
Dental  College,  graduating  from  the  latter  college  in  the  class  of 
1900.  He  located  in  Laurinburg  in  1903,  where  he  practiced  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  was  forced  by  failing  health 
to  retire  several  years  ago.  He  was  married  September  5th,  1900, 
to  Miss  Anna  Eliza  McLean.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife  and  the 
following  children :  Annie  McLean,  Margaret,  Matilda,  Mary,  Dickson 
and  Bettie  Sue.  Two  children,  Hattie  and  Charles,  preceded  their 
father  to  the  grave.  Dr.  Regan  also  leaves  a  brother,  J.  N.  Regan, 
of  Rockingham,  and  a  sister,  Mrs.  S.  B.  Rozier  of  St.  Pauls. 

Charlie,  as  he  was  affectionately  known  to  the  members  of  his 
profession,  was  of  good  old  Scotch-Presbyterian  ancestry,  a  heritage 
of  which  he  was  justly  proud,  and  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church. 


20  Jhilletbi  Xorfh  Carolina  Dental  Sociclj/ 

If  I  should  seek  to  touch  upon  the  many  lovable  traits  of  his 
character  I  would  lay  my  hand  upon  his  heart,  I  do  not  believe 
he  had  a  selfish  motive  or  a  selhsh  feeling,  he  both  loved  and 
enjoyed  his  fellow-man.  Truly  Charlie  Regan  was  an  lionored  tenant 
of  that  ••house  I)y  the  side  of  the  road" — and  gave  himself  to  his 
friends. 

As  a  dentist  he  was  both  a  genius  and  an  artist.  To  view  the 
mouth  and  teeth  of  one  of  his  patients  was  to  see  perfection  in 
operative  dentistry.  But  the  tendency  of  his  nature  made  his  orbit 
erratic.  He  was  meteoric  rather  than  planetary,  and  flashed  with 
irregular  splendor  a  genius  so  graat  that  it  was  the  envy  and  the 
admiration   of  his   professional   brethren. 

In  his  long  struggle  against  the  inexorable  advances  of  an  in- 
sidious and  mortal  malady,  he  did  not  falter  nor  repine.  Rather  he 
retreated  with  the  aspect  of  a  victor.  With  more  than  a  heroe's 
courage,  with  more  than  a  martyr's  fortitude,  he  awaited  the  ap- 
proach of  tlie  inevitable  hour,  and  went  to  that  undiscovered  coun- 
try. His  sun  has  gone  down,  but  it  sank,  amid  the  prophetic  .splendors 
of  an  eternal  dawn. 

Dr.  J.  ('.  Tr«/A'/«.s.- 

Dr.  Miistiaii  will  read  the  memorial  to  Dr.  Harry  JSI".  Walters, 
deceased.    Dr.  Miistian. 

Dr.  Walter  F.  Mustian.  Warrenfon : 

DR.  H.  N.  WALTERS^,  WARRENTON,  N.  ('. 

April  28,  1875 — December  7,  1932 

Memorial  by  Dr.  W.  F.  Mustian,  Warrentox,  N.  C. 

Dr.  Harry  N.  Walters  was  born  in  Wake  Forest,  N.  C,  in  1875,  the 
son  of  a  Wake  Forest  College  Professor,  Dr.  W.  T.  Walters,  and 
Isabella  Olivia  Wingate  Walters. 

On  December  7,  1932,  he  died  most  suddenly  at  his  home  in  War- 
reuton  of  coronary  thrombosis. 

His  early  training  was  received  in  the  elementary  schools  of  Dur- 
ham ;  graduating  later  from  Wake  Forest  College. 

In  1896  he  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery  from 
the  old  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery.  Practicing  one  year 
in  Wake  Forest,  he  moved  his  offices  to  Warrenton,  N.  C.  In  thirty- 
live  years  he  built  up  one  of  the  widest  practices  and  maintained  one 
of  the  best  e(iuipi>ed  dental  offices  in   the   State. 

In  1899  Dr.  Walters  married  Miss  Lala  Thomas  of  Warrenton.  To 
them  was  born  one  daughter,  Miss  Dorothy  Walters,  now  librarian 
at  William  and  Mary  College. 

Dr.  Walters  never  sought  political  attainments.  He  seemed  content 
and  happy  to  sijend  his  time  and  talents  in  general  practice.  Being 
of  an  ingenious  turn  of  mind  and  possessing  an  exceptional  skill, 
he  has  done  much  to  enhance  and  raise  the  dental  profession  to  a 


Containing  the  FroceecUngs  21 

higher  plaue.  His  operations  were  of  the  liiiiliest  order,  and  were 
reallj-  works  of  art. 

He  possessed  a  deep  love  for  tliorougli-bred  cats  aud  dogs ;  although 
work  is  said  by  Mrs.  Walters  to  have  been  his  sole  hobby.  He  was 
never  happy  unless  working  about  his  home  or  oftice.  Long  incessant 
hours  and  little  recreation  probably  contributed  to  his  early  death. 

Dr.  Harry  N.  Walters  was  a  life  member  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society,  a  devout  Baptist,  a  Kiwauian,  and  belonged  to  the 
Junior  Order  of  Mechanics.  He  loved  his  home  and  family  and 
appreciated  his  friends.  The  dental  profession  has  lost  one  of  its 
most  valuable  members. 

Dr.  J.  C.  Wathins: 

Dr.  A.  C.  Bone  will  read  the  memorial  to  Dr.  L.  R.  Gorliam. 
Dr.  Bone. 

Dr.  A.  C.  Bone,  RocJcy  Mount : 

DR.  L.  R.  GORHAM,  ROCKY  MOUNT,  N.  C. 

December  14,  1875 — March  9,  1933 

Memorial  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Boxe,  Rocky  Mount,  N.  C. 

Dr.  Louis  Rhodes  Gorham  was  born  December  14,  1875,  in  Edge- 
combe County,  North  Carolina,  and  died  March  9,  1933.  He  was 
the  son  of  the  late  Henry  Wise  Gorham  and  Josephine  George 
(Cherry)  Gorham,  both  of  Edgecombe  County,  North  Carolina.  Dr. 
Gorham  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Captain  John  Gorham,  who 
came  from  England  and  arrived  in  Plymouth,  Massachusetts,  as  a 
boy  of  about  tifteen  years  of  age  in  the  year  1(335.  Dr.  Gorham  was 
eighth  in  line  of  descendants  of  Captain  Gorham,  the  pioneer  an- 
cestor of  all  the  Gorhams  in  the  United  States,  who  married  Desire 
Howland  in  1643,  the  eldest  daughter  of  John  Howland,  the  Pilgrim 
who  came  to  New  England  on  the  Mayflower  in  1620. 

He  received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  countj',  Trinity 
College  (now  Duke  University),  and  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  graduating  from  the  latter  college  in  the  class  of  190(3. 
Upon  graduating,  he  began  practicing  in  Rocky  Mount,  where  he 
continued  up  until  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
National,  State  and  Fifth  District  Dental  Societies,  of  the  Board  of 
Stewards  of  the  First  Meth(jdist  Church  of  Rocky  Mount ;  and  for  the 
past  twenty-live  years  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday  School  of  his 
church.  He  married  Miss  Mary  Bryan  of  Edgecome  County,  Decem- 
ber Hfci,  1907.  Three  daughters  were  born  to  this  union,  Margaret, 
Helen,  and  Josephine,  all  surviving  him  except  Helen,  who  died  in 
1926. 

Dr.  Gorham  jcjined  the  North  (Carolina  Dental  Society  the  year 
of  his  graduation  and  was  a  constant,  loyal  member  until  the  time 
of  his  death.  Coming  from  one  of  the  best  families  in  Edgecombe 
County,  he  grew  up  under  the  best  Christian  guidance,  always  striv- 
ing to  uphold  the  stainless  name  of  Gorham.    Faithful,  loyal,  and 


22  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Denial  Society 

consecrated  are  tlie  demoustratives  that  describe  his  church  aflilia- 
tions,  and  to  his  family  he  embodied  all  the  elements  of  a  Christ- 
like life.  What  was  true  of  him  to  his  family  was  likewise  true  of 
his  family  to  him. 

Dr.  Gorham  was  loyal  to  his  clientele,  always  having  their  wel- 
fare and  interest  at  heart.  Constantly  doing  his  work  with  the 
utmost  painstaking  care,  he  was  never  satisfied  unless  he  felt  that 
he  had  done  a  piece  of  work  the  best  way  it  could  have  possibly 
been  done.  This  did  not  apply  in  one  or  even  a  few  cases,  but 
in  every  instance.  He  was  liked  by  all  who  knew  him  casually  and 
by  those  who  came  in  contact  with  him  often  and  knew  him 
intimately,  he  was  loved  and  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  virtue 
of  his  unassuming,  quiet,  and  sincere  manner. 

Attesting  to  his  popularity  and  friendship  was  the  fact  that  ap- 
proximately thirty-tive  members  of  his  profession  from  nearby  cities 
paid  their  last  tribute  to  his  memory  by  attending  the  last  rites.  Dur- 
ing the  life  time  of  his  practice  of  dentistry,  he  was  an  inspiration 
to  all  the  members  of  the  profession  with  whom  he  came  into  con- 
tact because  of  his  sincere  and  painstaking  methods.  I  am  sure 
that  he  has  inspired  me  to  be  a  better  dentist  and  I  think  a  better 
man  as  well.    He  was  my  friend. 

May  his  memory  ever  linger  with  us  and  help  to  guide  us  not 
only  in  the  practice  of  our  noble  profession  but  in  living  our  daily 
lives  throughout  all  time. 

Dr.  J.  C.  Wathins: 

Has  Doctor  Peeler  Come  in?  (No  response.)  Mr.  President,  I 
move  that  the  m.emorial  to  Dr.  S.  B.  Bivens  be  incorporated  in 
the  proceedings  of  the  Society. 

The  motion  was  duly  seconded  and  carried. 

DR.  S.  B.  BIVENS,  CHARLOTTE,  N.  C. 

May  26,  1890— January  IS,  1933 

Memorial  by  Dr.  George  C.  Hull,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

Dr.  S.  B.  Bivens  was  born  in  Union  County,  N.  C,  on  May  26th, 
1890.  He  died  January  18th,  193.3,  at  the  University  Hospital,  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  following  an  intra-cranial  operation  from 
which  he  did  not  recover.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  who  was  Miss 
Lorena  Marsh,  also  of  Union  County. 

Dr.  Bivens  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  schools  of 
Union  County.  He  entered  dental  college  at  Southern  Dental  College, 
Atlanta,  Georgia,  in  1912,  and  finished  his  course  in  1915.  He  began 
his  practice  in  Marshville,  North  Carolina.  In  1918  he  became 
associated  with  Dr.  P.  C.  Hull  at  Charlotte,  North  Carolina.  He 
was  practicing  in  Charlotte  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

In  the  death  of  Dr.  Bivens  the  profession  loses  one  of  its  members 
who  was  typically  progressive,  ethically  honest  and  sincere,  and  who 
was  ah^ays  for  anyone  in  the  profession  who  was  working  for  its 


Coniain'nicj  llic  Proceedings  23 

advaiu-ement.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners, 
being  elected  in  1931  and  still  a  member  at  liis  death. 

Dr.  Bivens  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity ;  a  leader  of 
the  local  Lions  Club ;  an  active  member  of  the  First  Methodist 
Church  of  Charlotte  and  he  was  honored  by  being  a  member  of  the 
Dental  Key  Fraternity. 

.S.  B.  as  he  was  called  by  his  intimate  and  closest  friends,  has 
crossed  the  river  to  join  the  good  dentists  who  have  preceded  him. 
Me  thinks  that  S.  B.  shall  occupy  in  those  invisible  circles  the  same 
high  and  outstanding  positions  to  which  he  ever  aspired  while  with 
us.  To  his  creator,  in  whom  he  had  such  Implicit  faith  and  trust, 
we  believe  has  graciously  awarded  him  generousl.v  with  his  posses- 
sions. "Were  everyone  to  whom,  while  living,  he  did  some  kindness, 
to  bring  a  blossom  to  his  bier,  S.  B.  would  sleep  today  beneath  a 
wilderness  of  flowers. 

S.  B.  was  ever  a  progressive  in  his  profession.  The  burden  of  his 
work  and  thought  was  health  and  prophylaxis.  His  labors  should 
be  an  active  and  inspiring  impetus  to  the  profession  as  well  as  the 
layman. 

Professor  jNTelsoii  Kennedy,  organist,  rendered  a  selection. 

President  Jachson: 

I  wish  to  tliaiik  Professor  Kennedy  for  the  splendid  musical 
jjrograni. 

At  this  time  I  Avish  to  recognize  some  of  our  visiting  guests. 
Dr.  Rickert,  of  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  who  will  appear  on  this 
niorning's  program.     (Applause.) 

Dr.  Burus  of  Atlanta.    (Applause.) 

Dr.  Sheffield  of  Toledo,  Ohio.    (xVpplause.) 

Dr.  Hughes  from  Atlanta.    (Applause.) 

I  want  to  assure  you  that  we  are  delighted  to  have  you  and 
extend  to  you  the  privileges  of  the  floor. 

I  would  like  to  recognize  Dr.  Jones,  of  Chapel  Hill,  Chair- 
man of  the  Entertainment  Committee.  Listen  carefully  to  the 
program  as  outlined  by  the  Entertainment  Committee.  ( Ap- 
plause.) 

Dr.  J.  P.  Jones,  Chapel  [{ill: 

1  want  first  to  assure  you  that  we  are  indeed  happy  to  have 
you  meet  with  us  this  year.  If  there  is  anything  we  can  do  for 
your  comfort  and  entertainment,  do  not  hesitate  to  let  us  know. 

Dr.  Jones  made  some  announcements  regarding  the  enter- 
tainment of  members  and  guests  of  the  Society,  and  concerning 
the  various  eating  ])]aces. 


24  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Denial  Society 

President  Jaclison: 

I  am  pleased  to  recognize  Mr.  Kussell  M.  Grumman.  If 
there  is  any  one  man  in  Chapel  Hill  who  has  Avorked  hard  to 
make  our  meeting  in  his  community  pleasant,  it  is  he.  He  Avants 
to  know  what  your  troubles  are,  what  you  want,  and  he  will 
help  you  in  any  way  possible.   Mr.  Grumman.    ("Applause.) 

Mr.  Russell  M.  Grumman,  Chapel  Hill: 

I  do  not  want  to  take  much  time  from  your  meeting  to  make 
announcements,  but  I  would  like  to  carry  out  what  your  Presi- 
dent has  just  said.  Please  let  your  wants  and  needs  be  kDowu 
to  us,  and  we  will  try  to  get  you  what  you  wish.  It  is  our 
extreme  desire  to  make  this  meeting  as  successful  as  possible 
under  somewhat  difficult  circumstances.  For  one  reason,  you 
are  not  meeting  in  a  hotel.  We  appreciate  the  fact  that  this 
may  cause  you  some  inconvenience.  We  shall  try  to  conduct  our 
dormitory  room  service  on  as  nearly  a  hqtel  basis  as  possible. 

President  JacJcson: 

At  this  time  I  am  pleased  to  recognize  Dr.  Lineberger.  who 
Avill  introduce  our  speaker. 

Dr.  H.   0.  Lineberger,  Ealeigh: 

First,  I  would  like  to  make  a  few  statements  regarding  the 
program,  as  I  am  Vice-Chairman  of  the  Program  Committee. 
I  want  to  call  your  attention  to  the  program.  We  had  a  report 
from  the  Entertainment  Committee.  Their  Avork  has  been  fine. 
This  year,  following  the  usual  routine,  Ave  had  a  meeting  of  the 
Program  and  ExecutiA^e  Committees  in  an  effort  to  find  out 
Avhat  Ave  needed  most,  and  then  Ave  went  out  to  get  the  best  man 
in  the  country  in  that  line  to  give  us  a  lecture  about  that 
particular  subject.  I  feel  sure  that  when  this  program  is  over 
you  will  agree  Avitli  me  that  Ave  have  to  a  great  degree  succeeded. 

You  will  note  another  thing  in  this  program  which  is  a  change 
from  the  usual  custom,  and  that  is  the  matter  of  clinics.  You 
Avill  note  that  this  afternoon  we  will  haA^e  our  local  clinics, 
com.ing  to  the  State  Society  from  the  district  societies.  They 
are  of  a  progressive  nature.  You  will  note  that  the  Virginia 
representatiA^es  will  have  progressive  clinics,  and  then  the  in- 
vited guests  Avill  have  their  progressive  clinics.  There  is  just 
that  little  change  and  I  hope  you  Avill  note  it,  and  I  urge  that 


Containing  the  Proceedings  25 

you  will  cooperate  with  the  committee  in  charge  of  that   de- 
partment. 

Several  years  ago,  there  graduated  from  one  of  the  leading 
universities  of  this  country  a  man  learned  in  the  science  of 
medicine.  Soon  after  he  went  into  the  medical  profession,  it 
was  recognized  by  some  of  the  leaders  of  our  profession  that 
the  talent  of  this  man  was  sadly  needed  in  our  profession,  and 
he  Avas  persuaded  to  change  to  the  dental  profession.  He  is  now 
connected  with  one  of  our  leading  universities.  Last  year,  at 
the  American  Dental  meeting  at  Buffalo,  I  mentioned  to  our 
speaker  today  that  we  would  like  very  much  to  have  him  come 
to  Xorth  Carolina  and  meet  with  our  State  Society  at  some 
future  date.  He  very  graciously  replied  he  would  be  delighted 
to  meet  with  us  if  the  date  was  satisfactory.  The  Program 
Committee  fortunately  hit  upon  a  date  which  was  very  satis- 
factory. Last  Friday  our  speaker,  the  one  who  is  next  to  appear 
before  you,  finished  examinations  at  the  University  of  Michigan 
at  Ann  Arbor  and  he  and  his  good  lady  have  taken  it  leisurely 
along  down  to  iNTorth  Carolina  to  be  with  us  this  morning.  He 
has  spoken  in  practically  every  section  of  this  country  and  he 
has  carried  his  message  to  many  of  other  countries.  I  am  sure 
you  are  going  to  be  delighted  and  it  is  a  pleasure  and  a  privilege 
for  me  to  present  to  you  at  this  time  our  speaker.  Dr.  LT.  Gar- 
field Rickert,  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor.  Dr. 
Rickert.    (AjDplause.) 

DIAGNOSIS   WITH    SPECIAL   REFERENCE   TO   WHEN   TEETH 

SHOULD   BE   EXTRACTED  AND   WHEN   THEY 

SHOULD  BE  TREATED 

Mr.  President  and  Members  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society : 

As  a  member  of  the  Michigan  State  Dental  Society  I  bring  you 
greetings  from  that  dental  organization.  There  are  manj'  things  we 
have  in  common  professionally,  but  for  the  first  time  in  the  history 
of  our  American  political  life  we  are  both  listed  in  the  Democratic 
columns  to  support  loyally  a  Democratic  President.  (Applause.)  I 
might  add  that  if  you  will  exonerate  us  for  having  been  so  persist- 
ently in  the  Republican  ranks,  we  will  forgive  you  for  the  political 
blunder  you  made  nearly  five  years  ago.     (Applause.) 

The  hour  is  already  late  and  I  think  I  shall  change  my  order  of 
program  somewhat.  In  my  talk  to  you  I  hope  to  present  three 
different  aspects  of  the  focal  infection  i)roblem,  first  an  historical 
background  with  some  additions  which  are  essential  for  the  support 
of  the  diagnosis  and  the  methods  applied,  second,  the  mechanisms 
or  ways  in  which  teeth  may  produce  disease  far  removed  from  the 
mouth,  and  third,  clinical  experiences  in  the  treatment  of  the  focal 


26  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Denial  Society 

iufection  problem.  lu  a  subsoyuout  apiX!araiice  before  you  I  shall 
give  you  the  applicatiou  of  the  principles.  Instead  of  following  the 
usual  practice  in  dentistry  and  giving  my  opinions  of  the  problem, 
my  second  lecture  tomorrow  will  be  illustrated  so  that  I  can  show 
you  lantern  slides  to  demonstrate  why  we  have  come  to  our  conclu- 
sion, and  in  that  way  I  may  be  able  to  help  you  recognize  certain 
aspects  of  the  problem,  which  are  not  yet  entirely  understood  by 
any  investigator.  At  the  clinic  tomorrow  afternoon  you  will  be 
allowed  to  ask  me  any  questions  you  like. 

I  am  not  going  to  give  a  complete  history  of  this  problem  but 
shall  begin  with  twenty  years  ago  when  dentistry  had  developed 
into  one  of  the  mechanical  arts  neither  altogether  a  profession 
nor  altogether  a  business.  The  development  of  the  focal  infection 
problem  gave  us  new  life.  Uur  profession  had  become  somewhat 
dissatisfied  because  it  constantly  felt  some  social  stigma.  Our  services 
were  not  recognized  so  appropriately  as  were  those  of  medicine  and 
law,  but  with  the  introduction  of  the  focal  infection  problem  den- 
tistry became  more  than  a  mechanical  art.  There  is  no  need  to 
review  the  changes  following  the  introduction  of  the  biological 
sciences  into  our  profession.  Recently  Past-President  Elliot  of  Har- 
vard made,  in  effect,  the  statement  that  in  his  seventy-five  years 
of  educational  experience  the  most  interesting  development  and  prog- 
ress made  by  any  profession  had  been  made  by  the  dental  profession. 
It  has  come  about  because  of  the  broadening  influence  the  focal 
infection  problem  has  had  on  the  dentists. 

When  this  problem  was  introduced,  the  dentists,  who  had  not 
been  scientifically  trained,  gave  opinions.  The  results  of  scientific 
experiments  later  showed  that  these  opinions  Avere  based  on  fact. 
Today,  however,  we  liave  all  been  trained  in  the  biological  sciences 
to  a  certain  extent. 

That  there  is  a  definite  relationship  between  dental  pathology 
and  certain  secondary  effects  has  been  proved,  and  no  man  who 
has  been  practicing  dentistrj'  with  open  eyes  can  deny  it.  It  was 
perfectly  natural  that,  with  these  new  facts  thrust  into  its  posses- 
sion, the  profession  should  run  for  a  while  as  an  engine  without  a 
governor  belt,  and  as  a  result  it  "proved"'  that  practically  every 
disease  known  to  man  had,  in  some  way  or  another,  a  definite  dental 
relationship.  I  want  to  leave  with  you  and  for  your  understanding 
a  better  picture  of  the  mechanisms  through  which  seccnidary  effects 
take  place.  If  I  do  nothing  but  leave  that  idea  with  you,  I  believe 
you  will  be  in  a  better  position  to  make  saner  diagnoses  of  the 
patients  with  whom  you  are  confronted  every  day. 

The  dental  focal  iufection  problem  would  have  been  solved  much 
earlier  if  the  mechanism  of  the  immediate  relationship  of  dental 
pathology  to  certain  secondary  effects  had  been  better  understood. 
The  dentist  had  generally  ))elieved  that  systemic  effects  of  dental 
diseases  were  always  due  to  bacterial  vietastascs.  There  are.  how- 
ever, at  least  two  other  ways  by  which  teeth  may  affect  tissues  far 
removed  from  the  mouth.  They  are  intoxication  due  to  dental  in- 
fection and  aUcrgij,  neither  of  which  has  to  be  initiated  by  bacti'rial 
activity.  The  mechanisms,  briefly  stated,  then,  include  mcta.sfa-sis, 
intoxication,  and  allergy. 


Containing  tlie  Proceedings  27 

Metastasis 

Tlie  dentist  has  come  to  regard  bacterial  metastasis  emanating 
from  teetli  much  the  same  as  tlie  process  involved  in  the  swarming 
of  bees.  In  the  case  of  a  hive  of  bees,  when  multiplication  of  worli- 
ers  aud  queens  has  reached  a  point  where  conditions  become  crowded, 
the  young,  active  members  and  a  queen  emerge  from  the  hive  to 
seek  new  fields  of  activity.  It  may  be  the  hole  of  a  tree  or  the  corner 
of  a  house,  but  it  must  be  a  new  place.  When  such  a  place  is 
found,  a  new  colony  is  established.  The  dentist  has  come  to  regard 
apical  infection  in  that  way,  namely,  as  a  focus,  crowded  with 
organisms ;  to  him  they  are  streptococci.  The  fact  is  that  staphy- 
locci  and  even  rod  forms  also  occur.  From  this  crowded  focus  a 
number  of  organisms  emerge  and  by  means  of  the  circulatory  system 
travel  to  a  new,  suitable  field  for  localization,  often  a  traumatized 
area  of  lowered  resistance  where  a  new  focus,  quite  apart  from  the 
original  dental  focus,  is  established.  These  organisms,  as  is  evident, 
may  become  greatly  multiplied. 

It  has  been  quite  definitely  proved  that  this  procedure  takes  place, 
although  not  so  frequently  as  many  of  the  earlier  enthusiasts  be- 
lieved. It  is,  however,  unlike  the  illustration  of  the  swarming  of 
bees  in  that  the  majority  of  dental  foci  of  infection  do  not  spread 
because  they  bubble  over  with  numbers  from  within,  but  because 
they  can  find  a  more  suitable  field  outside  of  the  original  focus. 
Then,  too,  the  localized  defensive  mechanism,  the  granuloma,  fre- 
quently gives  protection  and  defense  many  times  greater  than  the 
quarantines  offered  by  the  protective  membranes  of  the  mouth  itself, 
esijecially  with  regard  to  pyorrhea  pockets  and  traumatized  areas 
about  the  teeth.  Hence  the  operator  must  use  judgment  to  determine 
where  metastasis  occurs  before  blindfoldedly  extracting  important 
teeth. 

In  TOXIC  ATIOX 

The  second  mechanism  through  which  the  secondary  elfects  occur, 
that  of  bacterial  toxins,  is  perhaps  as  important  as  true  metastasis, 
although  it  is  rather  ditficult  definitely  to  establish  laboratory  proofs. 
Perhaps  the  most  common  secondary  effect  of  this  type  of  involve- 
ment concerns  the  ej'e.  In  cases  where  direct  metastasis  (that  is, 
when  a  vital  part  such  as  the  vitreous  humor  is  affected,  for  example, 
by  gonoccoci,  sight  may  be  lost  within  a  few  hours)  would  be  im- 
possible, marked  changes  may  take  place  in  the  eye  producing  various 
forms  of  eye  involvement,  due  perhaps  to  bacterial  toxin  sensitiza- 
tions (allergy).  One  of  the  most  striking  examples  of  this  is  corneal 
keratitis.  We  have  been  able  to  demonstrate  cases  of  iritis  which 
may  have  been  the  result  of  metastases  of  organisms  of  dental  origin 
only  is  cases  of  pyorrhea,  and  they  were  superficial  eye  infections 
only.  Other  eye  involvements  depend  either  on  metastases  of  toxins 
or  on  allergy. 

Allekgy 

The  third  mechanism,  that  of  allergy,  is  the  most  difficult  one  of 
all  to  demonstrate,  yet  there  is  overwhelming  clinical  evidence  to 
show  that  some  acticm  such  as  that  occurs.  In  our  large  dental 
clinic  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  we  .sometimes  have  senior  stu- 


28  Bullet  171  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

dents  \A'ho,  shortly  before  the  end  of  the  year,  expose  a  \\tsi\.  pulp 
durinp;  cavity  preparation.  In  such  cases  they  are  then  required 
to  remove  the  pulp  and  fill  the  canal  before  tlie  cavity  is  filled. 
Since  this  necessitates  a  jireat  deal  of  work  and  if  the  students 
have  completed  their  (juotas  of  root  surgery  cases,  it  happens  that 
they  merely  remove  the  pulp,  seal  in  a  bland  dressing,  put  in  a 
temporary  cement  filling  and  tell  the  patient  to  return  a  week  or 
two  later,  at  which  time  Commencement  is  over  and  the  uuappre- 
ciative  students  (of  which  we  all  have  a  few)  are  graduated  and 
gone.  Then,  when  the  clinic  opens  again  in  October,  the  patient  may 
delay  for  some  reason  and  not  come  in  for  a  month  or  two.  at 
which  time  we  always  note  marked  periapical  changes  from  the 
radiograph.  However,  in  a  large  number  of  cases  no  organisms  can 
be  found.  In  a  few  cases  we  could  denote  evidence  of  an  associa- 
tion with  the  eye,  or  with  joints  in  certain  types  of  patients.  Since 
the  treatment  of  such  teeth  brings  almost  immediate  relief,  this 
condition,  when  taken  from  a  considerable  number  of  cases,  gives 
strong  evidence  tliat  teeth  are  the  initiating  cause,  yet  the  cultures 
of  many  of  these  teeth  liave  given  negative  results.  We  have  tried 
experimentally  in  animals  to  demonstrate  this  condition,  but  so  far 
the  results  of  our  work  are  inconclusive.  You  will  note  tliat  the 
amount  of  material  used  as  antigen  in  laboratory  animals  for  tlie 
sensitization  of  one  tooth  would  be  so  small  that  it  would  be  ditticult 
to  obtain  results  unchanged  chemically,  and  hence  tlie  experimental 
demonstration  is  a  most  delicate  one.  Dr.  Weisberger  from  Harvard 
showed  the  possibility  of  its  effect  through  the  teeth  by  the  Dale 
reaction  on  young  female  guinea  pigs.  We  have  verified  this  possi- 
bility with  specific  proteins.  When  the  dissolved  organic  product 
of  the  tooth  has  been  used,  however,  our  results  have  not  been 
conclusive.  The  most.  then,  that  can  be  said  is  that  Dr.  Weisberger's 
work  as  verified  by  us  substrntiates  the  possibility  of  a  route  tbrongh 
the  teeth  for  sensitization. 

Since  there  are  three  different  ways  in  which  teeth  may  affect  the 
eye,  you  will  understand  why  those  of  us  who  have  devoted  much 
time  to  the  study  of  the  problem  have  not  completely  solved  it.  You 
will  then  ask.  "What  shall  the  general  practitioner's  procedure  bo  to 
control  the  problem?"  In  order  to  be  convincing  I  shall  give  you 
first  a  brief  history  of  our  experimental  and  clinical  studies  to 
convince  you  why  our  methods  are  worthy  of  practical  application. 

When  tliis  problem  was  first  projected  into  the  dental  profession 
the  dentist  was  unprepared  to  deal  with  a  problem  that  requires 
scientific  understanding  for  its  intelligent  control.  As  one  might  have 
anticipated,  the  majority  of  dentists  can  recall  how  patients  here 
and  there  from  their  practices  had  improA-ements  in  general  health 
following  tlie  extraction  of  teeth.  Most  frequently  these  spectacular 
cases  were  those  where  all  the  teeth  were  extracted  in  preparation 
for  dentures.  The  explanation  of  these  wonderful  results  is  given 
below.  Let  it  suffice  here  to  say  that  where  both  vital  teeth  with 
degenerating  pulps  and  pulpless  teeth  are  extracted,  all  the  causes 
are  removed  and.  obviously,  relief  follows.  With  the  projection,  then, 
of  this  interesting  biological  relationship  many  dentists  temperamen- 
tally unsuited  and  with  inadequate  training  undertook  to   make  in- 


Cuniaininy  iltc  Froceedings  29 

vestigatious  aud  reports  wliicli  so  cluttered  our  literature  that  it 
coutaiued  one  of  the  raost  amazing  accumulations  of  pseudo-science 
ever  acclaimed  by  any  profession.  These  spectacular  announcements, 
in  most  cases  largely  guesses  coupled  with  observations  of  some  of 
the  individual  general  practitioner's  cases,  added  tremendously  to 
the  confusion  and  all  but  discouraged  to  the  point  of  extinction  an 
important  dental  procedure,  root  canal  surgery,  valuable  both  to  the 
public  and  to  the  profession  provided  of  course  that  scientific  and 
technical  methods  are  applied  in  its  practice. 

What  do  I  mean  by  this?  The  abandonment  of  this  practice 
would  be  a  great  loss  to  the  profession  and  the  public,  a  loss  to  the 
public  in  that  dentistry  would  not  be  serving  its  patients  as  ade- 
quately as  it  should,  and  to  the  profession  in  that  it  would  be  casting 
aside  the  most  interesting  problem  of  research  the  profession  has 
ever  engaged  in.  As  one  dental  dean  has  ably  said,  "I  hope  the 
problem  will  never  be  solved  because  it  has  such  a  stimulating  effect 
on  research  and  dentistry  in  general."  Another  reason  why  root 
surgery  cannot  be  abandoned  is  that  we  must  remain  a  self-respecting 
profession.  I  can  show  how  tremendously  more  damage  was  done  by 
the  subtle  effects  of  elaborate  restorations  which  were  required 
following  the  extraction  of  many  teeth,  which  proves  that  our 
mechanics  have  not  so  far  excelled  our  inadequate  root  surgery 
practices  from  the  standpoint  of  health  service. 

Several  years  ago  I  was  speaking  before  a  large  dental  audience 
to  whom  the  essayist  speaking  just  before  me  advocated  the  most 
elaborate  dental  restorations.  His  products  were  nationally  adver- 
tized. One  saw  cuts  of  them  in  many  of  the  dental  journals.  When 
I  was  introduced  to  this  essayist  he  said,  "Oh,  you  are  the  Rickert 
who  is  studying  the  focal  infection  problem.  Well,  you  have  my 
sympathy.  By  our  method  we  extract  the  suspicious  teeth  and  take 
no  chances."  I  said  nothing  to  answer  him  then,  but  in  the  oi>ening 
remarks  of  my  lecture  I  referred  to  the  above  conversation  and 
added,  "My  subject  needs  no  apologies  or  no  sympathies.  When  I 
think  of  the  scientific  strides  made  in  dentistry  during  the  past 
fifteen  years,  stimulated  largely  by  the  focal  infection  problem 
which  supplied  by  far  the  greater  part  of  our  dental  research  ad- 
ventures, gave  us  our  first  biologic  contact  with  medicine,  and 
finally  made  us  something  more  than  crutch  makers,  my  subject 
needs  no  apologies.  In  fact,  I  am  trying  to  avoid  the  necessity 
for  these  golden  barbed-wire  entanglements  that  you  have  just 
observed  in  the  slides  of  the  last  speaker."  At  that  time  that  state- 
ment sounded  harsh,  but  I  already  had  had  experience  with  these 
restorations  and  the  effects  they  produced  on  the  contiguous  teeth 
when,  as  was  too  frequently  the  case,  they  were  inadequately  made. 
We  have  found  vital  pulp  degeneration  and  their  sequelae  resulting 
in  secondary  affections  equally  if  not  more  astounding  than  the 
secondary  effects  resulting  from  inadequate  root  surgery.  I  cannot 
quote  the  entire  poem  of  Edgar  Guest  who  has  given  so  beautifully 
in  verse  a  description  of  the  wonderful  things  that  dentists  seem- 
ingly can  do  mechanically.  What  he  did  with  his  own  beautiful 
entanglements  he  satiriciilly  reveals  in  the  last  two  lines  of  the 
poem,  for  he  says,  "My  maid  it  shocks  to  find  it  in  my  collnr  Ixix." 


30  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Societj/ 

Another  interesting  illustration  is  that  of  the  dentist  witli  whom  I 
traveled  recently  in  the  wilds  of  the  far  north.  He  had  one  of 
these  entanglements,  but  not  having  a  collar  box  with  liim,  he  carried 
it  in  his  pocket.  After  having  lost  it  in  the  northern  woods,  he  told 
me  it  cost  liim  nearly  three  hundred  dollars.  Now  I  liave  seen  so 
many  of  tliese  tragedies  that  after  tive  years  I  have  no  regrets  for 
the  rather  severe  criticisms  I  made  of  the  limitations  of  that  kind 
of  restoration  and  of  tlie  men  wlio  had  not  learned  the  technic. 
Thousands  of  these  restorations  are  lying  in  collar  boxes,  or  they 
are  brought  to  the  clinic,  and  we  are  asked  what  they  are  worth 
for  scrap  gold.  Of  course,  it  may  be  said  that  many  of  tliem  are 
improperly  made,  which  is  true  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  men 
who  actually  made  most  of  them  never  saw  the  patients.  It  can  be 
said  of  root  surgery,  too,  tliat  its  downfall  was  due  to  inadequate 
practices,  and  not  because  the  wrong  men  did  the  work.  Failures 
are  due  to  improper  technic.  In  instances  where  teeth  must  be 
extracted,  we  believe  that  it  is  possible  to  make  restorations  which 
will  not  involve  the  adjacent  teeth,  but  it  requires  a  mechanical 
and  a  biological  understanding  of  the  case.  In  conclusion  to  this 
thought  let  me  say  that  we  have  carried  the  problem  to  a  point 
where  we  believe  tliat  if  root  surgery  had  been  properly  practiced 
in  tlie  majority  of  cases  where  extraction  liad  been  resorted  to  by 
the  trial  and  error  metliod,  root  surgery  would  have  given  a  much 
higher  percentage  of  success  with  no  greater  risk  of  serious  secondary 
sequelae.  We  have  maintained  for  sometime  that  root  surgery  would 
liave  remained  the  more  popular  way  to  treat  if  some  method  could 
have  been  found  during  more  prosperous  times  whereby  our  patients 
could  be  wrapped  in  small  packages  and  sent  to  the  dental  labora- 
tories. We  are  not  speaking  disparagingly  of  technicians  because  we 
know  tliat  some  of  the  work  they  did  was  more  satisfactorily  done 
than  was  that  of  the  dentists,  a  sad  commentary  emanating  from  a 
teacher  of  dental  students. 

This  brings  us,  tlien,  to  the  question  of  vital  degenerating  pulps. 
Tliousands  of  Americans  today  are  suffering  from  systemic  affecticms, 
initiated  from  degenerating  pulps  as  a  result  of  appliances  on  vital 
teeth.  This  subject  is  suthcient  for  a  lecture  in  itself,  and  we  can 
deal  with  it  only  very  briefly.  We  liave  cultured  many  vital  teeth. 
The  etiological  relationship  of  infected  degenerated  pulps  consti- 
tutes at  this  time  a  far  greater  problem  for  the  dentist  than  tlie 
pulpless  tooth,  first,  because  the  number  of  pulpless  teeth  has  been 
greatly  reduced  by  the  extraction  orgy,  wliieh  almost  eliminated 
the  pulpless  tooth  menace,  second,  because  the  vital  infected  de- 
generating pulps  are  numerous  at  the  present  time  because  the 
restorations  necessitated  by  the  extractions  caused  so  many  more 
than  existed  previous  to  the  orgy,  and  third,  because  they  are  very 
much  more  dithcult  to  locate.  When  I  first  studied  the  pulpless  tooth 
problem,  I  found  that  only  one  in  twelve  persons  between  the  ages 
of  twenty-five  and  fifty  who  came  into  our  clinic  did  not  have,  and 
never  had  had  pulpless  teeth.  While  no  survey  has  been  made  re- 
ceutl}-,  general  observations  indicate  that  not  only  has  this  ratio 
been  tremendously  reduced,  but  also  that  the  degenerating  conditions 
have    been    tremendously    increased.     This    latter    condition    is    ex- 


Containing  the  Proceedings  31 

tremely  difficult  to  manage  because  the  offeudins  tooth  is  so  much 
more  difficult  to  locate.  In  the  pulpless  tooth  the  radiograph  will 
tell  us  at  least  something  of  periapical  pathology.  Objectionable  teeth 
may  then  be  eliminated  either  by  adequate  root  surgery  or  by  extrac- 
tion. We  do  not  advocate  the  trial  and  error  method  at  all.  The 
radiograph,  however,  gives  assistance  only  to  the  more  advanced 
cases  of  vital  pulp  degenerations.  Our  present  management  of  the 
degenerating  pulp  problem,  then,  requires  more  promiscuous  extrac- 
tion than  pulpless  teeth  ever  did.  We  are  required  in  emergency 
cases  to  extract  more  frequently  teeth  that  are  innocent  than  we 
were  with  pulpless  teeth  which  now  can  be  readily  located. 

When  a  physician,  and  I  am  not  speaking  of  the  garden  variety 
but  of  a  competent  internist,  has  carefully  examined  your  patient 
and  insists  that  he  finds  nothing  and  leaves  it  up  to  you  to  remove 
dental  foci  of  infection,  then  the  dentist  faces  a  difficult  problem. 
Many  times  we  have  been  compelled  to  remove  pulps  of  two  or  three 
innocent  teeth  or  to  resort  to  extraction  before  we  finally  located  the 
real  offender.  The  teeth  with  vital  degenerating  pulps  which  are  the 
easiest  to  locate  are  those  which  have  occasional  soreness,  mild  pulp- 
itis, with  occasionally  a  brief  twinge  (almost  a  pleasant  pain) 
lasting  only  an  instant.  In  such  cases  marked  improvement  may 
have  been  noted  in  suspected  secondary  effects.  An  excellent  radio- 
graph of  certain  advanced  cases  will  show  a  halo  about  the  root 
apex,  much  larger  than  the  average  granuloma,  yet  with  just  as 
definite  a  margin  but  much  less  in  evidence,  even  in  the  best  radio- 
graphs since  the  enveloping  tissues  are  not  completely  destroyed.  The 
clinical  symptoms  are  not  yet  well  determined.  Certain  forms  of 
arthritis  and  neuritis  and  certain  of  the  eye  involvements  have  been 
found  to  be  due  to  these  cases.  The  citing  of  cases  has  been  of 
such  general  practice  that  I  shall  refrain  from  doing  so,  for  to  me 
it  has  become  as  obnoxious  as  the  patent  medicine  testimonials  be- 
cause so  many  of  them  have  been  speculative  and  inconclusively 
proved.  So  I  say  to  you  North  Carolina  dentists  that  the  larger 
problem  the  dentist  has  today  is  that  of  the  vital  pulp  degeneration 
under  large  restorations.  We  are  working  as  fast  as  we  can  in  our 
laboratories  to  establish  an  insulating  material  against  heat  a)ul 
cold,  cue  that  will  be  less  insulting  to  our  pulps,  and  less  electro- 
dynamic  than  anything  we  have  at  the  present  time.  In  fact, 
we  are  forecasting  dental  materials  more  adequately  suited  to  the 
needs  of  the  teeth  than  those  available  today.  We  predict  that 
within  thirty  years  synthetic  materials  will  largely  replace  the 
noble  metals. 

The  earliest  symptoms  of  a  rheumatic  attack  caused  by  an  in- 
fected vital  pulp  degeneration  may  be  a  stiff  neck  which  may  be 
relieved  gradually  and  move  slowly  to  the  gluteal  muscles  and  finally 
may  involve  certain  of  the  joints,  especially  the  shoulders.  When 
these  symptoms  are  in  evidence  you  are  advised  always  carefull.\-  to 
examine  the  pulps  under  large  restorations.  In  my  illustrated  lec- 
ture I  shall  show  you  extreme  cases  where  I  would  call  it  mal- 
practice to  extract.  On  the  othei-  hand,  I  shall  show  extreme  cases 
where  I  would  consider  it  a])proximating  malpractice  to  treat.  Your 
diagnosis   of   treatuiciit   nr   (^xti-action    must   be  derermiiicd   by    your 


32  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

being  able  to  treat  adequately  by  root  surgery  methods  or,  if  you 
cannot,  and  are  thinking  in  the  best  interests  of  the  patient,  by 
knowing  of  some  practitioner  who  can  treat  the  case  properly.  For 
cases  whicli  lie  between  these  two  operations,  you  must  make  your 
own  decision.  In  no  case  should  you  undertake  root  surgery  without 
a  careful  study  of  well-tried  methods.  I  liave  no  grievance  witli  any- 
one who  dislikes  tliis  work,  or  with  anyone  who  will  not  do  it,  for  he 
would  not  do  it  well  with  that  attitude.  You  may  liave  the 
attitude  toward  it  that  I  liave  toward  prosthetic  dentistry.  When  as 
a  student  I  made  tlie  two  dentures  required  in  the  dental  clinic, 
I  swore  that  they  would  be  my  last,  and  I  liave  kept  my  pledge. 
The  taking  of  impressions  lias  never  appealed  to  me,  but  I  have 
the  greatest  respect  for  that  comi>etent  group  which  is  acliieving 
this  public  need.  I  say  this  to  encourage  those  who  have  never 
given  up  and  are  willing  to  learn  the  scientific  method  of  managing 
by  less  destructive  measures  tlian  promiscuous  practices. 

The  conclusions  that  have  been  drawn  in  this  report  have  been 
taken  from  a  cliuical  and  experimental  study  of  thousands  of  cases. 
When  we  first  undertook  this  work  fifteen  years  ago,  we  found  it 
necessary  to  spend  a  number  of  years  to  develop  satisfactory  cul- 
turing  methods,  fen-,  as  you  will  understand,  we  were  working  in  a 
field  (the  mouth)  teeming  with  millions  of  organisms  and  to  take 
a  culture  and  to  be  sure  tliat  it  is  not  contaminated  requires  the 
technique  not  only  of  an  experienced  bateriologist  but  of  one  familiar 
with  oral  bacteriology.  We  had  been  interested  in  the  subject  for  a 
number  of  years  but  even  witli  that  experience  found  it  necessary 
to  devote  much  time  to  the  method  of  culturing.  Today  we  are  occa- 
siouall.v  confronted  with  cases  from  which,  in  spite  of  all  the  dif- 
ferent methods  used,  we  cannot  obtain  conclusive  results.  You  can 
see,  then,  wliy  I  have  little  faith  in  the  reports  that  come  from 
dentists  wlio  say  that  tliey  found  an  infected  tooth  and  sent  it  to 
the  laboratory  which  reported  streptococci  present.  The  amazing 
part  of  such  reports  is  that  if  the  result  had  been  negative  under 
such  conditions  of  culturing  one  would  have  questioned  the  methods 
of  the  bateriologist.  It  would  have  been  more  unusual  if  he  had 
not  found  streptococci.  The  work  in  our  laboratory  is  not  conclusive 
as  to  the  number  of  streptococci  present  in  the  secretions  of  the 
mouth,  but  it  indicates  that  more  than  60  per  cent  of  the  organisms 
are  streptococci.  This  coupled  with  the  fact  that  a  cubic  centimeter 
of  gingiva  around  the  tooth  may  contain  many  millions  of  organisms, 
will  enable  you  to  visualize  how  diflicult  it  is  to  culture  in  the  mouth, 
and  how  worthless  a  report  of  such  a  cvilture  is,  unless  it  has  been 
made  by  a  specially  trained  operator.  One  method  that  we  use  at 
the  present  time  to  culture  is  the  window  method  where,  after  a 
thorough  and  controlled  sterilization  of  the  superficial  tissues,  we 
open  a  flap  over  the  apex  of  the  tooth.  The  second  method,  which 
is  in  cases  where  it  is  possible  to  use  it,  more  satisfactory,  is  to 
culture  through  the  pulp  canal.  This  method  lends  itself  adequately 
to  perfect  control.  Our  first  pathological  studies  were  made  on 
extracted  teeth  and  tlie  percentage  of  po^iitive  results  was  so  tremend- 
ously high  that  we  nearly  abandoned  as  hopeless  the  practice  of  root 
surgerv.     It    was    onlv   after    we    had    worked    out    these   two    safer 


Containing  the  Proceedings  33 

methods  of  culturiug  that  we  observed  that  the  pulpless  teeth  were 
not  infected  so  frequently  as  was  indicated  by  our  earlier  studies 
and  by  the  studies  of  others  who  had  worked  on  extracted  teeth. 
When  large  numbers  of  cases  cultured  by  the  window  method  are 
compared  with  those  cultured  through  the  canal,  the  percentages  of 
positive  and  negative  are  generally  the  same,  but  when  compared 
with  those  of  extracted  teeth,  for  obvious  reasons,  there  is  no  uni- 
formity of  results. 

We  are  about  to  enter  a  new  social  and  clinical  order  which  will 
require  that  dentistry  meet  its  obligation  for  continuous  rendering 
of  greater  services  to  the  patient.  We  cannot  afford  to  jump  from 
one  thing  to  another  unless  we  carefully  test  the  practices  that 
have  had  merit  and  abandon  those  without  merit.  Ways  and  means 
must  be  found  to  extend  our  services  to  a  greater  number  of  people. 
Our  economic  studies  must  be  directed  toward  the  mutual  advantage 
of  both  patient  and  dentist.  We  must  face  the  facts  frankly ;  in  some 
instances  our  practices  were  governed  more  by  the  economic  ad- 
vantage to  the  dentist  rather  than  to  the  patient.  Sound  judgment 
will  convince  any  man  that  both  must  profit  or  our  case  is  lost. 

We  have  talked  health  service  and  too  frequently  have  rendered 
anything  but  health  service.  The  term  is  justifiable  when  actual 
health  service  is  rendered,  but  we  must  not  overlook  the  fact  that 
the  trades,  too,  are  capitalizing  on  the  significance  of  health  service. 
Heating  engineers  are  saying,  "Do  you  know  that  three-fourths  of 
the  common  colds  are  caused  by  inadequate  heating  systems?"  Re- 
frigerator manufacturers  are  saying,  "Protect  the  health  of  your 
family  by  proper  refrigeration."  The  plumbers,  too,  come  in  for 
their  share  of  profits  from  health  and  sanitation  and  are  using  the 
health  service  caption  for  the  promotion  of  their  interests.  Recently 
I  was  requested  to  examine  a  bill  sent  to  a  physician  in  our  city 
for  dental  services  rendered  to  his  son  by  a  dentist  at  Princeton 
where  the  son  was  in  the  University.  It  read  like  this  and  covered 
one  and  one-half  pages  (the  services  rendered  were  for  four  inlays)  : 

"The  account  of  the  bill  of  $150.00  for  services  rendered  on  four 
inlays  may  be  itemized  in  this  way : 

Date :  Cavity  preparation  2  hours $20.00 

Date :  Wax  impression  %  hour 5.00 

Date:  Setting  of  inlay  1  hour 10.00' 

etc.,  etc. 

Each  inlay  was  specifically  itemized  as  the  above  illustration  is. 
It  appeared  to  me  much  like  bills  I  have  received  which  read 
something  like  this : 

"Date:  10  ft.  %-inch  pipe $  8.00 

Date:  1  kitchen  sink 15.00 

Date:  2  bibbs 6.00" 

One  wonders  whether  the  health  services  of  the  plumber  may  not 
soon  be  advanced  to  a  state  where  he,  too,  will  say,  "To  professional 
services  rendered     .     .     .     $15.00."    We  are  not  ridiculing  the  term, 
2 


34  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

but  we  want  to  remiud  the  profession  that  an  increasingly  wisei*  pub- 
lic is  analyzing  our  methods  and  that  we  must  place  our  standards 
on  terra  firma.  We  must  think  of  a  high  type  of  service,  and  our 
bills  must  be  gauged  by  the  quality  and  time  used  to  render  such 
services,  time  to  be  considered  in  the  light  of  the  number  of  years 
devoted  to  the  practice.  Dentistry  is  a  most  valuable  service  when 
capably  rendered,  and  no  dentist  should  hesitate  to  ask  for  adequate 
remuneration. 

It  is  certainly  not  necessary  now  to  extract  single-rooted  teeth  of 
strategic  importance.  More  than  half  of  our  complement  of  teeth  are 
single  rooted.  In  practically  every  instance  such  teeth  may  either 
be  treated  directly  and  the  roots  filled,  or  in  the  virulent  cases  they 
may  be  permitted  to  drain  until  soreness  leaves,  then  sterilized  and 
managed  by  root  amputation.  We  have  done  many  of  these  in  our 
large  clinics  during  the  past  sixteen  years,  and  I  assure  you  that 
no  dental  practice  has  given  a  higher  "batting  average"  of  successful 
operations  than  this  one.  In  fact,  the  failures  are  much  greater  in 
the  practice  of  all  other  specialties  of  dentistry.  Root  amputation 
has  certain  advantages  over  direct  root  surgery  in  that  patients  may 
come  long  distances  and  have  the  entire  tooth  treated  in  one  day 
and  again  return  to  their  duties,  eliminating  the  tedious  number  of 
visits  to  the  otfice  required  in  straight  root  surgery  and  treatment. 
Dr.  R.  F.  Sommer,  who  has  been  working  with  me  for  eight  or 
ten  years  on  this  problem  and  who  has  charge  of  the  operative 
end  of  it  in  our  dental  clinic,  will  submit  the  detailed  root  surgery 
procedure  appended  to  this  lecture.  From  it  those  of  you  who  are 
interested  in  tliis  work  may  get  the  technic.  This  technic  has  been 
appreciated  by  many  dental  students  who,  before  we  had  the  simpli- 
fied method,  detested  root  surgery.  This,  coupled  with  the  fact  that 
during  the  depression  many  more  patients  who  required  either  root 
surgery  or  extraction  had  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  dollars  than 
had  from  forty-five  to  sixty  dollars,  a  comparative  fee  basis  for 
the  two  operations,  has  increased  its  use.  Too,  many  who  have  made 
a  careful  study  of  this  work  say  that  they  have  no  work  that  is 
more  interesting.  It  requires  skill,  but  so  do  all  other  dental  opera- 
tions, but  the  failures  of  some  may  not  be  so  serious  to  the  health 
of  the  patient  as  failures  in  root  surgery. 

One  other  notable  contribution  which  has  materially  aided  our 
diagnostic  procedure  is  the  international  study  of  the  causes  of 
rheumatism.  It  has  been  noted  that  as  far  as  dental  infections  are 
concerned,  we  have  two  tyi^es  of  patients :  those  to  whom  I  have 
referred  as  hyiwstreptococci-susceptible  and  hyperstreptococci-suscep- 
tible.  The  committee  studying  the  control  of  rheumatism  has  classi- 
fied these  rather  on  the  pathological  evidence  as  atrophic  (or 
rheumatoid)  and  hypertrophic.  The  atrophic  type  is  more  prevalent 
under  the  age  of  thirty-five  and  is  frequently  associated  with  infec- 
tion. That  is  where  the  dentist  must  cooperate  with  the  physician 
to  remove  all  ix)ssible  foci  of  infection.  This  form  is  characterized 
clinically  by  an  increased  radiolucency  even  to  the  ligament  origins 
while  the  hypertrophic,  most  frequently  found  among  patients  past 
thirty-five  years  of  age,   has  a   tendency  to  greater  opacity  to   the 


C ontaining  the  Proceedings  35 

X-ray.  At  that  age  tbe  bones  and  joints  have  increased  calcification 
and  metabolic  differences,  and  the  patients  are  usually  victims  of 
arthritis.  Of  course,  even  where  the  dentist  has  removed  known 
infections  as  far  as  is  possible,  marked  relief  from  these  symptoms 
seldom  occurs  with  the  extraction  of  teeth.  It  was  but  a  few  years 
ago  that  we  tried  to  cooperate  with  the  physician  who  could  not  find 
the  cause  of  the  hypertrophic  form  and  extracted  many  teeth  on 
suspicion  but  with  no  permanent  relief.  The  most  that  can  be  said 
of  this  type  is  that  in  certain  cases  infection  might  be  a  contributing 
influence,  as  in  cases  of  patients  with  an  hereditary  background  and 
evidence  of  streptococci  susceptibility.  When  cooperating  with  the 
physician,  the  dentist  must  be  more  radical  than  he  is  with  others. 
It  would  be  to  the  interest  both  of  the  public  and  of  the  profession 
if  the  dentist  would  so  prepare  himself  that  he  might  intelligently 
make  these  diagnoses  in  conjunction  with  the  physician.  Both  the 
patient  and  the  physician  would  have  greater  respoct  for  us,  and 
when  I  speak  of  the  physician,  I  refer  again  to  a  competent  internist, 
one  who  is  not  influenced  by  the  results  obtained  from  the  last  patient 
treated,  either  by  radical  or  conservative  methods.  In  Ann  Arbor  we 
have  a  happy  relationship  with  trained  internists,  and  the  embar- 
rassing situations  that  have  frequently  been  pictured  to  me  by 
members  of  the  profession  elsewhere  do  not  occur.  When  you  see 
patients  in  whom  you  suspect  some  source  of  infection,  you  should 
have  two  or  three  trained  internists  to  whom  you  can  refer  them  for 
diagnosis.  Don't  just  take  the  easiest  course  and  say,  "See  your 
family  physician"  because  in  many  instances  the  justice  of  the 
peace  might  as  well  make  the  diagnosis  and  you  won't  have  the 
information  that  you  require.  You  can  say,  "Your  physician  is  all 
right,  but  this  man  knows  what  I  want  to  determine."  With  a 
few  years  of  experience  in  this  direction,  the  unfriendly  feeling  that 
many  dentists  have  when  conferring  with  physicians  will  disappear. 
In  many  respects  I  am  neither  a  bacteriologist  nor  a  dentist  but  a 
research  man,  working  on  problems  involving  both  the  fields  of 
medicine  and  dentistry.  As  a  neutral  observer,  I  can  truthfully  say 
that  the  dentists  need  have  no  embarrassment  in  discussing  these 
problems  in  their  field  because,  as  a  group,  they  are  rendering  just 
as  efficient  service  as  the  physicians.  What  we  are  aiming  for  is  an 
increased  number  of  dentists  who  will  think  first  of  the  patient's 
welfare  and  then  have  the  courage  to  ask  for  an  adequate,  reasonable 
fee  for  value  i-eceived. 

Let  me  say,  then,  in  conclusion  that  I  have  been  moved  by  your 
splendid  enthusiasm  and  activity,  and  by  your  excellent  hospitality. 
I  leave  your  State  with  the  highest  regard  for  North  Carolina  den- 
tists and  trust  that  I  may  have  said  something  which  you  may  apply 
in  your  practices  to  the  advantage  of  your  patients  and  to  the  honor 
of  the  profession.     (Applause.) 

President  Jackson: 

I  will  ask  Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming  to  introduce  our  next 
speaker. 


36  Bulletin  Norih  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Flemang,  Raleigh : 

When  I  was  a  student  at  the  University  forty-five  years  ago, 
I  frequently  saw  two  boys  playing  in  the  yard  of  their  paternal 
grandfather,  on  the  site  of  the  present  post  office.  One  would 
throw  up  a  tin  can  and  the  other  would  shoot  at  it  with  a  rifle 
(I  was  struck  with  the  accuracy  of  their  aim.)  One  of  those 
boys  made  it  his  aim  in  life  to  know  and  learn  all  he  could  of 
the  human  kidney.  The  accuracy  of  his  aim  and  accuracy  of 
his  research  has  brought  him  to  a  high  place  in  the  estimation 
of  those  who  know  him.  It  has  given  him  an  international 
reputation.  It  gives  me  pleasure  to  present  to  you  Dr.  "William 
MaclSTider.    (Applause.) 

Wm..  deB.  MacNider,  M.D.,  Chapel  Hill: 

THE  RELATION  OF  DENTISTRY  TO  THE  INDIVIDUAL 
AS  A  WHOLE 

I  appreciate  very  much  the  privilege  which  the  State  Medical 
Society  has  extended  to  me  in  permitting  me  to  be  here  on  this 
occasion.  I  feel  rather  foolish  in  attempting  to  make  any  address 
or  any  talk  after  the  magnificent  statement  which  you  ladies  and 
gentlemen  have  just  heard  given  you  by  Professor  Rickert.  I  want 
to  differ  with  him,  and  I  think  I  can  prove  the  points  on  which 
I  differ. 

I  want  to  talk  about  the  development  of  medicine  and  that  of  den- 
tistry. Medicine  started  out  in  terms  of  generalization,  trying  to 
iniderstand  the  individual  as  a  whole.  Hippocrates,  the  father  of 
medicine,  and  Galen,  his  worthy  successor,  and  the  Greeks.  Romans, 
and  all  through  the  Middle  Ages — they  did  not  have  specific  infor- 
mation about  the  brain,  or  the  mouth,  or  the  teeth  or  kidneys,  or 
the  heart.  They  tried  to  obtain  an  understanding  of  the  individual 
as  a  whole,  the  organism  as  a  whole,  and  the  older  physicians  ap- 
proached disease  from  the  same  point  of  view,  which  I  think  is 
the  proper  point  of  view,  in  order  to  see  the  whole  story  that 
develops  in  an  individual  who  is  sick. 

Then  you  know  what  happened  to  medicine.  It  required  more  and 
more  information  and  it  became  more  and  more  specific,  and  we 
developed  specialists  in  the  different  branches  of  medicine.  It  has 
got  to  the  place  where  the  colleges  can  see  but  one  thing,  where  the 
doctor  can  only  see  a  sick  individual  in  the  terms  of  a  si>ecialty. 
He  does  not  see  the  organism  as  a  Avhole.  The  si>ecialist  does  not 
see  the  sick  man  as  an  organism,  or  an  animal.  Something  happens 
which  makes  the  patient  depart  from  what  is  his  environment  and 
become  in  an  abnormal,  or  pathological,  or  sickened  condition.  The 
old  physicians  had  that.  They  knew  a  great  deal  which  we  do  not 
know.  They  were  able  to  say  that  an  individual  was  looking  better 
or  worse  and  not  infrequently  he  looked  better  than  he  was  worse. 
That  is  profound  insight  into  the  sick  individual  as  a  whole. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  37 

As  I  see  it,  deutistiy  went  iu  just  the  opposite  directiou.  It  com- 
menced as  a  specialty,  a  very  strict  specialty.  I  suppose  at  the 
commencement  of  dentistry  it  consisted  primarily  of  extraction  of 
teeth  which  were  obviously  in  an  advanced  stage  of  caries  or  de- 
terioration. I  can  very  well  remember,  and  I  am  not  old — because 
if  I  said  I  were  old,  I  Avould  not  be  very  complimentary  iu  my 
remarks  to  Dr.  Fleming — I  remember  very  well  the  traveling  dentist 
of  this  town.  At  first,  he  had  the  old  pedal  and  wheel  he  used  for 
his  drilling,  for  taking  out  the  decayed  part  and  packing  something 
into  it.  Dentistry  did  exactly  the  opposite  thing  from  what  medicine 
did.  It  branched  out.  It  applied  itself.  It  related  itself  to  the  indi- 
vidual as  a  whole  and  in  my  judgment  it  is  the  most  outstanding 
advance  that  has  been  made  in  the  medical  or  dental  science  in 
recent  years.  One  of  the  most  outstanding  advances  in  dental  science 
is  the  development  dentists  have  made  not  so  much  in  terms  of  treat- 
ment of  the  mouth  and  of  the  tooth,  in  its  congenital  and  acquired 
form,  I  know  nothing  of  that,  but  of  the  interest  of  dentistrj^  in 
the  term  of  the  individual  organism  as  a  whole  and  in  terms  of 
diseased  teeth  affecting  the  remote  part  of  the  body.  I  think  a  most 
interesting"  thing  in  medicine,  other  than  the  action  of  digitalis  in 
some  types  of  heart  diseases  and  the  action  of  a  few  substances  like 
that,  is  the  major  result  which  develops  from  the  extraction  and 
treatment  of  teeth.  The  relationship  is  amazing.  It  is  a  proper 
thing.  The  connection  is  one  of  the  most  dramatic  things  we 
know  of.  The  most  interesting  part  I  can  connect  in  representing 
the  State  Medical  Society  here  this  morning  is  one  of  the  terms 
of  focal  infection.  That  is  a  thing  that  is  tremendously  over-ridden. 
It  is  usually,  I  think,  an  expression  of  ignorance.  Doctors,  years 
ago  when  they  had  no  idea  of  what  was  going  on,  said  it  was  a 
disturbance  of  the  gastric  organs.  Then  that  wore  off.  People  became 
simple  enough  to  see  through  it.  The  doctor  had  to  develop  some- 
thing else.  A  splendid  statement  to  make  was  that  it  was  a  meta- 
bolic disturbance.  It  is  a  mouth  full.  It  is  a  splendid  word.  It 
doesn't  mean  much,  but  it  covers  up  a  multitude  of  ailments  and 
probably  a  multitude  of  sins.  Then  came  the  disturbance  of  the 
hypogastrium.  No  one  has  any  idea  of  what  you  are  talking  about, 
and  you  haven't  either. 

My  feeling  is  that  focal  infection  is  a  tremendously  over-worked 
affair.  I  think  it  requires  splendid  judgment  with  X-i'ay  added, 
and  general  judgment,  in  order  to  say  whether  this  tooth  should 
come  out  and  whether  this  thing  should  be  done,  or  that  thing 
should  be  done.  It  is  a  question  of  fine  judgment  of  what  is  superior, 
in  a  very  marked  degree.  There  is  certainly  such  a  thing  focal 
infection.  The  thing  which  has  interested  me  very  much  is  the  fact 
that  there  are  organisms  found  in  the  mouth,  and  that  the  mouth 
provides  an  area  for  these  organisms  to  develop.  I  think  Dr.  Rickert 
has  shown  that  pretty  clearly.  There  is  a  variety  of  streptococcus 
which  you  can  isolate  from  the  mouth  and  other  areas,  and  if  you 
get  these  germs  into  the  blood  stream,  one  variety  will  affect  the 
urine,  another  will  pick  out  the  heart  muscles,  and  so  on.  It  is  the 
chemical  environment.  The  culture  must  be  favorable  for  its  growth 
and   development.    Another  will  pick  out  the  brain   and   produce  a 


38  BuUetin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

brain  abscess.  The  other  will  affect  the  uterus.  I  think  there  is 
such  a  thing  as  specific  relationship  between  the  different  types  of 
bacteria  found  in  the  mouth  and  found  in  teeth  and  different  organs. 
In  other  words,  focal  infection  is  a  very  real  thing  and  it  is  an 
extremely  foolish  thing.  I  think  it  has  been  over-ridden.  You  den- 
tists should  guide  the  physician  in  that  connection  and  keep  it  from 
being  over-ridden.  Do  not  extract  teeth  because  some  foolish  indi- 
vidual  who  is   ignorant  wants  them  extracted. 

I  am  going  to  say  something  I  have  no  right  to  say,  because  I  do 
not  know  what  I  am  talking  about.  It  seems  to  me  that  when  you 
extract  teeth,  it  is  foolish  to  curette.  I  know  you  think  I  am  wrong, 
just  as  I  think  it  is  a  foolish  thing  for  a  physician  to  do  when  he 
has  opened  a  boil  or  abscess  to  curette.  That  is  the  most  ridiculous 
thing  I  think  a  surgeon  can  possibly  do.  If  you  have  a  boil,  a  kind 
of  fence  is  thrown  up  around  the  center  of  the  boil  and  there  is  a 
barrier.  That  is  the  defense  nature  has  put  there  against  the 
extension  of  that  infection.  Nature  put  it  there,  put  it  there  for  a 
specific  purpose,  to  wall  off  and  localize  that  infection.  The  thing 
to  do  is  to  oi>en  the  soft  place  and  gradually,  by  gentle  pressing, 
get  the  pus  out.  Sometimes  a  doctor  gets  in  a  hurry,  or  is  overly 
anxious,  and  after  he  cuts  into  the  boil  and  presses  what  pus  he  can 
out,  then  he  curettes  it.  What  in  the  deuce  they  do  that  for,  I  cannot 
see !  They  cannot  remove  all  the  bacteria.  That  is  perfectly  mechani- 
cal. They  can't  sterilize  the  area.  If  you  use  a  germicide  strong 
enough  to  kill  all  the  bacteria,  you  destroy  the  cell  tissue  around  the 
seat  of  the  abscess.  When  you  curette,  you  break  through  this 
barrier  nature  has  provided  and  enable  the  bacteria  to  get  into  the 
blood  stream  through  the  capillaries  and  it  is  disseminated  through- 
out the  body. 

Right  in  this  town,  one  of  our  most  prominent  citizens  had  that 
happen.  He  had  a  carbuncle.  That  was  the  treatment  he  received. 
He  had  a  blood  infection  and  there  was  an  infection  of  the  heart 
muscles  and  he  was  an  ill  man  for  months. 

I  am  not  informed  enough  on  the  subject  to  be  very  specific,  but 
I  have  been  specially  interested  in  the  teeth  during  pregnancy.  I 
think  pregnancy  is  a  wonderful  state.  A  pregnant  woman  should 
have  the  finest  care  and  consideration,  physically  and  psychically 
and  every  other  way,  that  it  is  possible  to  give.  I  think  that  is  where 
a  woman  needs  the  most  care.  She  needs  every  consideration.  I 
do  not  care  to  say  anything  about  it  from  the  standpoint  of  diet, 
but  I  want  to  make  this  statement,  and  i)erhaps  it  may  interest  you 
and  perhaps  it  may  be  of  value :  Not  infrequently  during  pregnancy 
do  teeth  get  in  bad  condition.  Of  course,  you  can  handle  any  simple 
thing.  When  teeth  are  extracted,  I  should  think  that  would  be  a 
questionable  procedure.  It  seems  to  me  that  should  an  infection 
arise,  it  would  be  highly  pertinent  that  it  be  kept  local. 

There  was  a  woman  in  this  town,  I  will  cite  this  case  and  then 
stop.  She  was  seven  months  pregnant.  She  was  the  loveliest  human 
being  that  I  have  ever  seen.  She  had  an  infected  tooth ;  there  is  no 
question  about  that.  The  tooth  was  extracted,  and  then  the  area 
was  curetted.  She  developed  some  slight  fever.  It  was  not  sufficient 
fever  to  consult  a  physician.    From  history  she  must  have  had  an 


Confaining  the  Proceedings  39 

incidental  rliytbm  every  now  and  then.  And  in  the  seventh  mouth 
she  went  into  premature  labor  and  gave  birth  to  a  dead  child.  The 
child  had  been  dead  several  weeks,  which  was  easily  ascertained 
on  account  of  its  condition.  Following  the  birth  of  the  child,  there 
was  expelled  from  the  uterus  some  two  or  three  pints  of  pus.  Fol- 
lowing contraction  of  the  uterus,  she  had  a  general  blood  infection. 
On  the  fifth  day  of  her  infection,  in  studying  the  blood  for  malaria 
as  a  possible  cause,  on  one  slide  area,  I  found  seventy-two  strepto- 
coccus. I  have  that  slide  now,  showing  the  overwhelming  tyi>e  of 
infection  she  had.  She  lived  seven  weeks  and  averaged  three  and 
a  half  chills  every  twenty-four  hours.  The  lowest  temperature  was 
103.2.    The  highest  temperature,  I  do  not  know. 

It  was  very  interesting  to  note  that  when  some  rabbits  were  used 
for  an  experiment,  some  streptococcus  bacteria  were  cultured  and 
injected  through  the  ear  of  the  rabbits  and  in  a  distinct  number 
far  above  the  majority  they  were  able  to  infect  the  uterus  of  the 
rabbits.    That  resulted  in  dead  foetus  and  premature  birth. 

In  conclusion,  I  will  say  it  is  always  a  joy  to  be  with  a  group  of 
people  who  are  gaining  information  and  who  are  broadening  the 
scope  of  their  understanding.  As  the  doctor  started  from  generaliza- 
tion and  then  specialized,  he  must  now  get  back  to  the  whole  story. 
The  dentist  started  in  the  opposite  way.  From  being  a  specialist, 
localized,  isolated,  he  is  now  seeing  the  relationship  of  his  specialty 
to  the  organism  as  a  whole,  which  I  think  is  a  very  outstanding 
chapter  in  the  science  and  art  of  medicine  and  dentistry. 

Mr.  President,  I  appreciate  your  letting  me  be  with  you.  (Ai> 
plause. 

President  Jackson: 

I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  MacNider  for  the  splendid  address.  I  am 
sure  we  all  enjoyed  it. 

I  am  pleased  at  this  time  to  recognize  Dr.  Sam  Kent,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Virginia  Dental  Society.     (Applanse.) 

Dr.  Sam  Kent,  Danville,  Va.: 

Mr.  President,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  it  is  a  pleasure  to  be 
with  you.    That  goes  without  saying. 

I  live  in  Danville  and  the  neighboring  town  of  South  Boston 
has  always  tried  to  out-do  us.  It  has  been  going  back  and  forth 
for  a  long  time.  Finally,  the  South  Boston  papers  were  able 
to  announce  that  Danville's  iron  bridge  had  burned.  It  was  not 
long  after  that  until  our  newspapers  reported  that  we  had 
a  call  for  our  fire  department  to  go  to  South  Boston,  that  the 
fire  station  had  burned  down.    (Laughter.) 

In  the  same  way,  we  take  our  hats  off  to  North  Carolina. 
You  have  led  us  and  showed  us  the  way  to  organize  a  society, 


40  BuUetin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

and  how  to  organize  your  men  all  over  the  State,  and  especially 
in  the  small  towns.  "We  have  not  kept  up.  Only  recently  the 
Legislature  of  Xorth  Carolina  was  in  session  and  you  made  it 
a  great  pleasure  to  come  down  from  home  to  the  North  Carolina 
line,  just  three  miles  from  town.  (Laughter.)  We  also  note 
that  you  put  the  unethical  advertising  man  out  of  business, 
showing  us  the  way  again.  We  do  not  look  upon  you  with  envy, 
but  with  pride.    I  thank  you.    (Applause.) 

President  Jackson: 

I  am  sure  we  are  delighted  to  have  you  with  us  and  hope 
that  you  can  stay  during  the  meeting. 

Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen,  Fayetteville,  Secretary: 

I  have  two  telegrams  here  I  would  like  to  read.  The  first 
is  from  the  Virginia  State  Dental  Society  and  signed  by  Dr. 
A.  M.  Walsh,  Secretary-Treasurer.    It  is  as  follows : 

"Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen,  Secretary-Treasurer, 
North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 
Greetings  from  the  Virginia  State  Dental  Association. 
A.  M.  Walsh,  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Virginia   State  Dental  xlssociation." 

I  have  here  another  telegram,  this  one  from  the  American 
Dental  Association.    It  is  as  follows : 

''Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen,  Secretary  North  Carolina  Dental  Society, 
in  Session  University  of  North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill, 
N.  C. 
The  American  Dental  Association  again  greets  you  and  ex- 
tends best  wishes  for  most  successful  meeting.    Your  Society 
is  also  cordially  invited  to  attend  the  Diamond  Jubilee  Meeting 
of  this  Association  which  is  to  be  held  in  Chicago  next  August 
seventh  to  twelfth  inclusive.  Harry  B.  Pinnky." 

I  would  further  call  attention  of  the  membership  to  the 
directory  of  the  local  clinics  which  you  will  find  suspended 
from  the  doorway  as  you  leave  the  building.  The  clinics  this 
afternoon  will  begin  promptly  at  two  o'clock.  You  are  requested 
to  be  on  time. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  41 

President  Jackson: 

Please  consult  the  directory  and  govern  yourselves  accord- 
ing-ly. 

The  meeting  adjourned  at  12  :55  o'clock  p.m.,  Tuesday,  June 
6,  1933. 


FIEST  DAY— TUESDAY,  JUISTE  6,  1933 

Meeting  of  House  of  Delegates 

The  House  of  Delegates  was  called  to  order  at  8  :30  o'clock 
p.m.,  by  Dr.  Wilbert  Jackson,  President. 

President  Jackson.': 

The  House  of  Delegates  will  come  to  order.  What  is  your 
pleasure,  gentlemen? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming,  Raleigh: 

I  guess  the  roll  call  is  the  first  order. 

President  Jackson: 

We  will  omit  the  roll  call.    We  have  a  quorum. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  will  not  raise  that  question. 

President  Jackson: 

Are  there  any  committees  ready  to  report  at  this  time  ?  If  so, 
we  will  hear  you  now. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming : 

I  have  right  many  reports  in  my  system.  If  you  will  bear 
with  me,  I  will  go  through  with  it  as  quickly  as  I  can.  I  have 
here  the  report  of  the  Relief  'Committee. 

REPORT  OF  DENTAL  RELIEF  COMMITTEE 

Your  committee  in  charge  of  tlie  Dental  Relief  Fund  reports  on 
hand,  as  of  June  1st,  1933,  $1,300.61.  Since  the  report  was  made  at 
Elizabeth  City  the  fund  was  augmented  by  $200.00— the  annual  1932 
contribution   from   Dr.   Maddux   and   the  .$200.00,    1933   contribution 


42  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

from  Dr.  Pridgen.  Six  payments  of  $200.00  i>er  year  (1928  to  1933 
inclusive),  have  been  made  and  interest  on  tlie  same  has  amounted 
to  $100.61.  The  fund  has  been  in  the  North  Carolina  Bank  and  Trust 
Company,  but  by  some  stroke  of  good  fortune  it  was  transferred 
about  a  year  ago  to  the  Wachovia  and  is  still  intact.  However,  the 
committee  desires  that  the  House  of  Delegates  designate  a  depository 
for  it.  We  are  beginning  to  have  claims  sent  to  us,  but  so  far  our 
position  has  been  that  it  should  only  be  used  for  needy  dentists — 
those  i-eally  needing  the  creature  comforts.  One  or  two  cases  are 
being  investigated. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

J.  Martin  Fleming,  Chairman. 

F.  L.  Hunt, 

J.  S.  Betts. 

President  Jachson: 

You  have  heard  the  report.    What  will  you  do  with  it  ? 

It  was  moved,  seconded,  and  carried  that  the  report  be 
adopted. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  have  the  report  of  the  Legislative  Committee. 

REPORT  OF  LEGISLATIVE  COMMITTEE 

Your  Legislative  Committee  has  had  more  than  the  usual  amount 
of  work  thrust  upon  them  during  the  recent  session  of  the  Legisla- 
ture. First  the  report  of  the  Reorganization  Committee  threatenetl 
the  elimination  of  the  dental  work  so  successfully  carried  on  by  Dr. 
Branch  under  the  State  Board  of  Health.  By  the  time  we  had  that 
ironed  out  the  Vvork  was  again  threatened  by  a  decreased  appropria- 
tion to  the  health  program.  Probably  our  hardest  fight  was  made 
on  this  one  item  of  legislative  work.  We  made  common  cause 
with  the  State  Board  of  Health  on  this  fight,  determined  to  stand 
or  fall  with  them. 

The  so-called  "Bowie  Bloc"  was  against  even  a  reasonable  appro- 
priation for  all  health  work,  and  that  influence  all  but  wrecked  the 
program  of  the  Appropriations  Committee  on  the  floor  of  the  House. 
Our  work  was  done  quietly  and  by  i^ersonal  contact.  We  had  no 
chance,  then,  to  appear  before  any  committee — but  our  work  had 
much  to  do  with  the  defeat  of  the  reduction  advocated  by  the  "Bowie 
Bloc." 

The  Appropriations  Committee  named  $225,000.00  annually  for 
the  health  work.  The  Bowie  plan  reduced  it  to  $163,000.00,  and  that 
passed  the  House  on  at  least  one  reading,  but  before  it  finally  passed 
its  third  reading,  it  had  been  "stepped  up"  to  $211,000.00.  The 
dentists  of  the  State  certainly  had  a  part  in  that  work.  The  Senate 
raised  the  appropriation  to  its  original  $225,000.00  and  the  difference 
was  split  in  the  conference  committee  and  the  final  sum  is  $218,000.00 


Containing  the  Proceedings  43 

annually  for  all  activities  of  the  State  Board  of  Health.  This 
materially  cripples  all  health  work  but  does  not  eliminate  any 
department. 

Following  that  Mr.  Bowie  wrote  us  a  courteous  letter  suggesting 
that  we  allow  his  man  Sharpe  a  limited  license  to  practice  in  Ashe 
County  and  promised  us  if  we  would  do  that  that  he  would  not 
introduce  the  bill  to  license  him,  which  bill  has  become  "an  old 
Spanish  custom"  with  him.  It  has  been  introduced  every  two  years 
"since  the  memory  of  man  runneth  not  to  the  contrary."  However, 
we  wrote  Mr.  Bowie  that  we  would  fight  him  again,  preferring  a 
losing  fight  to  any  sort  of  a  compromise.  Rather  than  risk  the 
usual  fight,  with  its  usual  ridicule  heaped  upon  him  by  the  press  of 
the  State,  the  bill  was  not  introduced  in  the  House,  but  one  Saturday, 
when  most  Senators  were  at  home  for  the  week-end,  Senator  McNeill 
of  Ashe  County  introduced  a  similar  bill  by  request,  asking  for  im- 
mediate consideration  and  it  had  passed  the  Senate  before  we  even 
knew  it.  However,  it  was,  by  motion,  recalled  from  the  House  and 
withdrawn  altogether. 

The  only  other  legislation  was  fostered  by  the  Charlotte  Dental 
Society  and  the  Charlotte  dentists  and  their  representatives  in  the 
two  houses  of  the  Legislature  were  largely  resiwnsible  for  its  passage. 
It  is  just  a  clause  added  and  reads :  "Or  shall  by  himself  or  another 
solicit  professional  business" — and  is  added  to  that  section  of  our 
present  law  which  recounts  the  reasons  why  a  man's  license  may  be 
revoked.  Of  course,  it  is  aimed  at  stopping  the  blatant  advertising 
now  going  on  in  the  larger  cities  of  the  State.  It  is  the  same  clause 
which  governs  soliciting  legal  cases  and  has  been  invoked  by  the 
legal  profession  to  the  end  that  a  few  legal  licenses  have  already 
been  revoked.  The  thanks  of  the  Society  is  due  the  Charlotte  men 
for  their  cooperation — they  came  in  a  body  to   see  it  through. 

The  nature  of  the  work  this  year  has  been  such  that  quite  a 
number  of  dentists  have  had  to  be  called  to  Raleigh  on  short  notice, 
dentists  who  had  the  ear  of  their  respective  members  of  the  different 
committees,  and  they  have  come  gladly  and  frequently.  Of  course, 
we  had  every  cooperation  from  all  members  of  the  Legislative  Com- 
mittee— I  have  never  worked  with  a  more  willing  set  of  men.  Of 
others  who  have  helped,  not  members  of  the  committee,  it  is  hard 
to  single  out  individuals,  dozens  came  when  phoned  to,  but  probably 
the  man  who  came  farthest,  came  oftenest,  stayed  longest  and  did 
more  personal  work  than  any  of  us,  is  Dr.  L.  H.  Butler  of  Hertford. 
It  is  only  fair  thus  to  recognize  his  help.  The  expense  account  for 
this  work,  $66.15,  has  gone  through  the  prescribed  channels  and 
has  been  paid  by  the  Secretary-Treasurer. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

J.  Martin  Fleming, 
Of  the  Legislative  Committee. 

Dr.  J.  y.  Johnson,  Goldshoro: 

I   move  that  the  report   be   accepted   and   a   vote  of  thanks 
accorded  the  Legislative  Committee. 
The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 


44  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett,  Asheville: 

I  Avould  like  to  ask  if  that  expense  included  payment  to  the 
Charlotte  boys  for  the  money  they  spent  in  connection  with  their 
bill? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

That  expense  has  nothing  to  do  with  individuals  other  than 
the  expense  connected  Avith  the  committee.  If  we  started  to  pay 
the  expenses  of  every  man  who  came  to  Raleigh,  I  imagine  the 
expense  account  would  run  up  to  several  hundred  dollars. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett: 

I  am  not  referring  to  that,  but  as  I  understand  it,  they  em- 
ployed some  attorneys  to  draw  this  bill.  They  paid  them  per- 
sonally out  of  their  own  pockets.  The  State  of  North  Carolina 
is  getting  the  benefits  of  their  work  just  the  same  as  Charlotte 
and  I  do  not  think  it  is  Charlotte's  duty  to  pay  the  bill.  I 
think  our  treasury  should  pay  it. 

President  Jacl'son : 

Do  you  make  a  motion  to  reimburse  the  Charlotte  members 
for  this  money  they  spent  ? 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bemiett: 

I  make  a  motion  to  reimburse  the  Charlotte  dentists  for  every 
penny  they  spent. 

Dr.  J.  May-tin  Fleming: 

What  is  the  amount  of  that  bill,  so  that  we  can  consider  it? 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson: 

I  am,end  by  making  a  motion  that  we  have  the  bill  presented, 
and  further  move  that  Dr.  Bennett's  motion  lay  over  until 
the  next  meeting  so  we  can  consider  the  proposition  in  a 
business-like  manner.  I  myself  have  spent  not  only  a  number 
of  days,  several  days,  with  the  Legislature,  but  also  spent  con- 
siderable of  my  own  money  not  only  in  this  Legislature,  but 
also  in  preceding  Legislatures  and  I  would  not  like  to  burden 
the  organization  with  that  expense.  This  was  a  bill  in  which 
the  Charlotte  dentists  were  directly  interested,  and  the  expense 
was  contracted  without  the  consent  of  the  Society  or  the  Legis- 


Containing  the  Proceedings  45 

lative  Committee,  and  I  move  that  Dr.  Bennett's  motion  lay 
over  until  this  bill  is  made  up  and  presented  so  that  we  can 
consider  it  in  the  proper  light. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming : 
I  second  the  amendment. 

Dr.  Z.  L.  Edwards,  Washington: 

I  would  like  to  ask  if  this  request  comes  from  any  of  the 
Charlotte  delegation  ? 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett: 

Since  I  made  that  motion,  I  would  like  to  explain  that  it  did 
not  come  from  Charlotte  or  from  any  Second  District  man. 
It  came  from  me,  personally,  because  I  heard  that  they  had  a 
certain  amount  of  expense.  I  would  like  to  say  further,  in 
support  of  my  motion,  that  this  law  is  just  as  good  for  Asheville 
and  the  First  District  as  it  is  for  Charlotte  and  the  Second 
District,  and  I  think  it  is  nothing  but  just  that  the  I^orth 
Carolina  Dental  Association  should  spend  the  money  along 
lines  like  that.  I  can't  see  how  we  can  justify  existence  with 
money  in  any  better  way.  I  insist  upon  my  motion  being  carried 
out.  If  any  of  the  boys  in  Charlotte  spent  money  for  the  good 
of  dentistry  in  the  whole  State,  I  think  we  should  reimburse 
them. 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford,  Charlotte: 

1  am  from  Charlotte.  We  had  quite  a  bit  of  expense  with 
this  affair.  It  cost  us  two  hundred  and  forty-seven  dollars.  I 
am  not  sure  about  that  amount,  but  it  was  two  hundred  and 
forty-something.  We  are  not  asking  the  !North  Carolina  Dental 
Society  to  pay  that.  We  did  it  on  our  own  hook.  If  the  State 
Society  wants  to  pay  it,  that  is  all  right.  The  Charlotte  Dental 
Society  paid  the  bill,  and  we  are  not  asking  reimbursement. 

President  JacLson : 

Is  there  any  further  discussion  of  the  motion  or  amendment  ? 
(Pause.)  The  amendment  to  Dr.  Bennett's  motion  was  that 
Dr.  Bennett's  motion  be  tabled  until  the  next  meeting,  at  which 
time  the  bill  will  be  filed  and  it  will  be  taken  up  and  passed 
on  at  that  time. 

Those  members  favoring  the  amendment  let  it  be  known  by 
standing.    The  Secretary  will  count. 


46  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Secretary  D.  L.  Priclgen: 
TAventy-five. 

President  Jackson: 

Those  against  the  amendment  will  stand.  I  declare  that  the 
amendment  has  prevailed.  Dr.  Bennett's  m^otion  is  tabled  until 
the  next  meeting  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  at  which  time  the 
bill  will  be  filed  and  taken  up  in  the  proper  course  of  procedure. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett: 

I  beg  your  pardon.  I  thought  you  meant  to  table  my  motion 
for  a  year,  until  the  next  meeting.  The  amendment  is  thor- 
oughly satisfactory  to  me. 

President  Jackson: 

As  I  understand  Dr.  Bennett's  motion,  the  Charlotte  Dental 
Society  paid  a  bill  which  was  rightfully  one  of  the  North 
Carolina  Dental  Society.  It  was  not  to  pay  for  trips  to  Raleigh, 
but  to  reimburse  them,  as  I  understand  it,  for  money  actually 
spent  in  getting  together  this  legislation  which  assisted  the 
Legislative  Committee.    Was  that   right,   Dr.  Bennett  ? 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett: 

Yes,  sir.    That  is  correct. 

President  Jackson: 

Is  there  any  further  business  to  come  before  the  House  of 
Delegates  ? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  have  one  more  committee  report  in  my  system.  It  is  the 
report  of  the  Committee  on  Relations  of  Physicians  and  Den- 
tists. 

REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  ON  RELATIONS  OF  PHYSICIANS 
AND  DENTISTS 

Your  committee  has  functioned  to  the  very  best  of  its  ability.  We 
were  fortunate  in  haying  two  Sampson  County  men  at  the  head  of 
each  organization,  Dr.  John  B.  Wright  of  the  Physicians  and  Dr. 
Wilbert  Jackson  of  the  Dentists.  We  met  together  in  Dr.  Wright's 
office  and  decided  that  Drs.  Wm.  deB.  MacNider  and  I.  M.  Manning 
were  best  qualified  to  speak  before  the  Dental  Society  and  Dr.  Fi-ed 


Containing  the  Proceedings  47 

Hale  and  Dr.  O.  L.  Pi'esnell  were  asked  to  present  papers  before 
the  Medical  Society.  It  was  my  pleasure  to  hear  the  deutal  pai)ers 
before  the  physicians  and  you  may  rest  assured  their  papers  were 
well  prepared  and  well  received.  The  medical  papers  are  yet  to  be 
presented  at  this  meeting  but  thej'  will  measure  up  to  a  high  stand- 
ard— we  know  the  men. 

Possibly  the  only  criticism  is  that  too  few  men  attend  these 
sessions  where  these  papers  are  read.  Our  initial  aim  was  that  we 
might  have  a  real  joint  meeting  of  the  professions  at  such  times. 
Looking  to  that  end  we  had  about  fifty  men  at  Pinehurst  at  our 
flrst  meeting,  but  the  number  has  grown  smaller  each  year  with  us, 
while  the  physicians  have  never  come  in  any  great  numbers  to  hear 
their  chosen  representatives  present  their  subjects  to  us.  Possibly 
that  has  had  its  effect  on  our  attendance  with  them.  But  we  feel 
that  the  work  should  be  encouraged  and  promoted  because  it  will 
eventually  lead  to  a  closer  cooperation  and  a  finer  understanding 
among  us  as  professional  men. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

J.  Martin  Fleming,  Chairman. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  report,  what  will  you  do  with  it  ? 

Dr.  P.  E.  Ilorton,  W in-ston-Salem : 
I  move  that  the  report  be  adopted. 

Dr.  H.  L.  Keith,  Wiljnington: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  carried  that  the  report  be  adopted. 

Dr.  N'.  Sheffield,  Greensboro : 

I  have  here  the  report  of  the  Virginia-Carolina  Clinic  Com- 
mittee. 

Y(jur  committee  wishes  to  report  that  our  State  Society  was  well 
represented  at  the  Richmond  meeting  of  the  Virginia  State  Asso- 
ciation, with  the  following  clinicians  :  Dr.  L.  G.  Coble,  Greensboro ; 
Dr.  W.  F.  Clayton,  High  Point;  Dr.  F.  O.  Alford,  Charlotte;  Dr. 
H.  Royster  Chamblee,  Raleigh ;  and  Dr.  L.  M.  Daniels,  Southern 
Pines. 

The  Virginia  Dental  Association  is  ably  represented  at  our  fifty- 
ninth  meeting  by  Dr.  Carter  Crafford,  Norfolk,  Va. ;  Dr.  G.  W. 
Holliday,  Richmond,  Va. ;  and  Dr.  J.  E.  John,  Roanoke,  Va. 

The  committee  feels  that  this  interchange  of  clinicians  is  highly 
commendaijie  and  helps  to  bring  the  members  of  our  profession  in 
till'  two  states  closer.  Our  clinicians  were  very  much  pleased  with 
the  reception  accorded  them  by  the  Virginia  Association. 


48  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

This  committee  heartily  endorses  this  interchange  of  clinicians, 
and  would  recommend  that  this  practice  be  continued. 

( Signed ) 

Neal  Sheffield, 

E.  N.  Lawrence, 

Horace  K.  Thompson, 

Harry  Keel, 

C.  I.  Miller, 

L.  R.  Thompson, 

J.   E.   Thomas. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  report.   What  will  you  do  with  it  ? 

Dr.  J.  E.  L.  Thomas,  Tarhoro: 
I  move  that  it  be  received. 

Dr.  S.  L.  Bohlitt,  Raleigh: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  carried. 

President  Jackson: 

I  declare  the  report  accepted.  Are  there  other  committees 
ready  to  report?  That  was  the  report  of  the  Virginia-Carolina 
Clinic  Committee. 

Secretary  D.  L.  Pridgen: 

Mr.  President  and  members  of  the  Society :  I  have  here 
the  report  of  the  Exhibit  Committee : 

REPORT  OF  EXHIBIT  COMMITTEE 

The  Exhibit  Committee  begs  leave  to  submit  the  following  report : 
After  much  correspondence  and  many  disappointments,  your  com- 
mittee succeeded  in  selling  exhibit  space  to  eleven  exhibitors. 

Amount  collected  $184.25 

Amount  due  72.00 

We  wish  to  commend  the  exhibitors  for  their  splendid  displays, 
and  to  express  our  appreciation  especially  to  Dr.  H.  O.  Lineberger 
for  his  interview  in  our  behalf  with  the  Secretary  of  the  American 
Dental  Trade  Association  in  Washington,  D.  C,  and  likewise,  to 
Mr.  Rowe  of  the  Thompson  Dental  Company,  for  his  numerous  let- 
ters to  the  manufacturers. 

D.  L.  Pridgen,  Chairman. 

W.  T.  Martin,  Vicc-Chairtnan. 

R.     H.     HOLLIDAY, 

A.  S.  Cromartie, 
A.  C.  Currant. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  49 

President  Jaclson: 

You  liave  heard  the  report  of  Dr.  Pridgen,  Chairman  of  the 
Exhibit  Committee.    What  will  you  do  with  it? 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson,  Goldshoro  : 
I  move  that  it  be  accepted. 

D7'.  J.  E.  L.  Thomas,  Tarhoro: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  carried,  and  the  report  was  accepted. 

Secretary  D.  L.  Pridgen  : 

I  have  here  the  report  of  the  Program  and  Clinic  Committee. 

REPORT  OF  PROGRAM  AND  CLINIC  COMMITTEE 

Your  Program  and  Clinic  Committee  held  a  joint  meeting  with 
the  Executive  Committee  at  Raleigh,  October  1st,  for  the  discussion 
of  program  material  and  policies  to  be  observed  in  the  arrangement 
of  our  fifty-ninth  annual  program;  and  meetings  were  also  held 
later  at  Burlington  and  Durham. 

Complying  with  the  wishes  expressed  in  previous  meetings  of  the 
Society  and  by  various  individual  members,  a  more  prominent  place 
has  been  accorded  the  report  of  the  Resolutions  Committee ;  and 
likewise,  to  the  local  clinicians,  whose  clinics  have  been  arranged 
progressively,  thus  giving  to  them  the  audience  deserved. 

We  feel  that  we  have  been  fortunate  in  bringing  to  you  visitors 
of  outstanding  merit  and  qualifications,  and  to  them  we  wish  to 
express  our  appreciation. 

We  trust  that  our  efforts  have  met  with  your  approval,  and  that 
you  have  found  the  program  interesting  and  instructive. 

For  the  benefit  of  the  next  Program  Committee  we  suggest  that 
you  use  the  questionnaire  which  will  be  found  on  page  31  of  your 
Bulletin. 

D.  L.  Pridgen,  Chairman. 

H.   O.   LiNEBERGEB,   Vice-Chairmau. 

Ralph  F.  Jarrett, 

C.   C.   Bennett, 

C.    C.    POINDEXTER, 

M.  T.  McMillan. 

President  Jachson  : 

You  have  heard  the  report.   What  will  you  do  with  it  ? 

Dr.  H.  L.  Keith,   Wilmington: 

I  move  that  we  accept  the  report,  and  that  the  Committee  be 
congratulated. 


50  BuUetin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  N.  Sheffield,  Greensboro: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  carried  and  the  report  was  adopted. 

Secretary  D.  L.  Pridgen: 

I  have  here  the  Financial  Report,  if  yon  will  hear  it  at  this 
time. 

President  Jachson: 
Proceed. 

Secretary  D.  L.  Pridgen: 

(Editor's  Note:  The  audit  of  the  Certified  Public  Accountant  is 
substituted  for  the  reix)rt  read  by  the  Secretary-Treasurer,  as  it 
includes  his  report  as  read,  and  in  addition  receipts  and  disburse- 
ments up  to  July  20,  1933.) 

Rocky  Mount,  N.   C,  August  1st,   1933. 
Dr.  Z.  L.  Edwards,  Chairman  Executive  Committee, 
North  Carolina  Dental  Society, 
Washington,  North  Carolina. 
Dear  Sir : 

In  accordance  with  your  instructions,  we  have  audited  the  recorded 
transactions  of  D.  L.  Pridgen,  D.D.S.,  Faj-etteville,  North  Carolina, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  for 
the  period  from  June  28,  1932,  to  July  20,  1933,  and  as  a  result 
thereof,  we  submit  herewith  our  report,  consisting  of  the  following 
described   statements  : 

Exhibit  A — Statement  of  Receipts  and  Disbursements — 
for  the  i)eriod  from  June  28,  1932,  to  July  20,  1933. 

Schedule  1 — Reconciliation  of  Account  with  the  Branch 
Banking  and  Trust  Company,  Fayetteville,  North  Carolina — 
July  20,  1933. 

All  receipts  of  record  appear  to  have  been  properly  accounted  for, 
and  all  disbursements  supported  by  canceled  checks. 

All  district  secretaries  cooperated  in  confirmation  of  their  col- 
lections except  the  First  District  Secretary.  The  four  district  secre- 
taries are  to  be  commended  for  their  prompt  cooperation. 

Invoices  and  miscellaneous  expense  bills  should  be  submitted  with 
other  records  for  auditor's  examination. 

The  records  of  the  Secretary-Treasurer  were  neatly  and  accurately 
kept. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Greathouse  and  Butler, 
By  F.  L.  Greathoxjse, 
Certified  Public  Accountant. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  51 

EXHIBIT   A 
STATEMENT   OF   RECEIPTS   AND   DISBURSEMENTS 

For  the  Period  from  June  28,  1932,  to  July  20,  1933 

Receipts 

Dues 

Life 
District  Receipts:  Annual        Members 

First  District  $    600.00         $        4.00        $    604.00 

Second  District  950.00  40.00  990.00 

Third  District  900.00  40.00  940.00 

Fourth  District  660.00  36.00  696.00 

Fifth  District  670.00  40.00  710.00 


$8,780.00        $    160.00 


Total  District  Receipts  $3,940.00 

Miscellaneous  Receipts: 

Rebate  1932  President  Medal  $  5.50 

Exhibit  1932  60.00 

Exhibit  1933  Meeting,  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C 258.75 

Sale  of  Banquet  Tickets  303.50 

Interest  on  Savings  Account  15.00 


Total  Miscellaneous  Receipts  642.75 


Total  Receipts  $4,582.75 

Balance  June  28,  1932 1,529.64 


Total  Receipts  and  Balance  $6,112.39 

Disbursements 

American  Dental  Association: 

Proportionate  Part  of  Dues  from  Members : 

Annual  Dues  $1,192.00 

Life  Members 156.00         $1,348.00 

Expense: 

Salary — Secretary-Treasurer   $  150.00 

Salary — Editor-Publisher 150.00 

Salaries — District  Secretaries  : 125.00 

Telephone  and  Telegraph  23.95 

Printing  1932  Proceedings  533.80 

North  Carolina  Dental  Relief  Fund  200.00 

Clinicians'  Honoraria  and  Expense  468.61 

Banquet  and  Entertainment  Expense 296.15 

Postage    43.95 

Legislative  Committee  66.15 

Stationery,  Printing  and  Supplies  97.90 

Floral  Designs — Deceased  Members  30.00 

Secretarial  Work— Chaix?!  Hill  25.00 


52  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Labor,  Drayage,  etc.,  Chapel  Hill  .$  28.60 

Express 2.70 

Multigi-apliing  4.90 

Premium — Boud  of  Secretary-Treasurer  7.50 

President's  Medals — Two   25.00 

Floor  Plans— Exhibit  Space  3.00 

Convention  Badges  15.08 

Labels  to  Advertise  Annual  Convention  5.78 

Refund  of  Advance  Payment  Dues  of 

Deceased  Members  4.00 

Refund — Ehibitors'  Deposit  2.50 

Audit  20.00 

Binding  Correspondence  of  Former 

Secretary-Treasurer    24.00 

Check  Tax— June,  1932  .24 

Service  Charge  and  Tax  on  Checks  2.26 

Total  Expense  $2,356.07 

Total  Disbursements  $3,704.07 

Balance— ZvLlj  20,  1983: 
On  Deposit : 

Branch  Banking  and  Trust  Company — 

Checking  Account $    893.32 

Branch   Banking  and   Trust   Company — 

Savings  Account  1,515.00 

Total  Balance  $2,408.32 

Total  Disbursements   and   Balance $6,112.39 

Schedule  1 

Reconciliation  of  Account  With  Branch  Banking  and  Trust 
Company,  Fayetteville,  North  Carolina,  July  20,  1933 

Balance  as  per  Bank  Statement— June  27,  1933 $1,325.09 

Deposits  During  July  as  Follows: 

July     1  $  30.00 

July     8  25.25 

July  10  41.00 

July  14 14.00  110.25 

$1,435.34 
Less — Outstanding  Checks: 

June  14— No.  81  $  4.00 

June  21— No.  90 416.00 

June  23— No.  91  25.02 

June  24— No.  92  80.00 

July     8— No.  93  4.00 

July  10— No.  94  6.00 


Containing  the  Proceedings  53 

July  16— No.  95  •$        4.00 

Julv  20— No.  96  1.00 

July  20— No.  97  2.00         $    542.02 

Balance— July  20,  1933— Checking  Account $    893.32 

Balance— Savings  Account— July  20,  1933 1,515.00 

Total  Balanc^July  20,  1933 $2,408.32 

I  would  like  to  explain  this  discrepancy  in  the  figures  of  the 
report  I  have  just  read  and  the  figures  in  the  report  of  the 
Exhibit  Committee.  The  difference  is  $24.00,  and  that  is  the 
$24.00  I  have  collected  since  I  came  down  here. 

I  would  like  to  say  that  we  bought  two  President's  medals 
at  this  time  due  to  the  fact  that  they  were  two  for  twenty-five 
dollars,  whereas  we  have  been  paying  eighteen  dollars  each 
previously. 

President  Jaclcson: 

You  have  heard  the  report  of  the  Secretary-Treasurer.  What 
will  you  do  with  it? 

Dr.  J.  H.  Hurdle,  Mehane: 

I  move  the  report  be  accepted. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett,  Asheville: 
I  second  the  motion. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

I  would  like  to  amend  the  motion  by  adding  the  words  "and 
complimented.". 

President  Jachson: 

The  amendment  is  accepted  without  a  vote.  We  will  place  the 
words  "and  complimented"  at  the  end  of  Dr.  Hurdle's  motion. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton,  Winston-Salem: 

I  believe  you  said  that  you  have  a  general  session  at  nine 
o'clock. 

President  Jackson: 

We  are  going  to  start  right  away,  Avithout  objection. 


54  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton: 

I  liave  a  matter  to  bring  up  at  the  next  meeting,  but  we  will 
go  into  the  general  session  now,  and  I  will  bring  that  up  later. 

President  Jackson: 

I  don't  want  to  shut  anybody  off. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton: 

Not  at  all.   I  can  bring  this  up  later  just  as  well. 

President  Jachson: 

The  next  meeting  of  the  House  of  Delegates  is  tomorrow  at 
twelve  o'clock.    We  stand  adjourned. 

At.  9  :00  o'clock  p.m.,  the  House  of  Delegates  adjourned. 


FIEST  DAY— TUESDAY,  JUNE  6,  1933 

Evening  Session 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  9  :00  p.m.,  by  President 
Wilbert  Jackson. 

President  Jachson : 

The  Convention  will  come  to  order.  At  this  time  I  am  pleased 
to  recognize  Dr.  John  Wheeler,  who  will  present  our  next  guest 
speaker. 

Dr.  John  H.  Wheeler,  Greensboro: 

Mr.  President,  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  always 
finds  it  a  great  pleasure  and  privilege,  and  especially  great 
benefit,  in  its  annual  meetings  to  bring  some  men  who  are 
outstanding  in  some  particular  line  of  work  in  our  chosen  pro- 
fession to  speak  to  us  along  their  specialty.  I  think  that  is  the 
way  we  learn  best.  There  is  no  teaching,  I  think,  equal  to 
that  of  visual  teaching.  I  have  found  it  a  great  personal 
pleasure  to  listen  to  these  men  during  the  years  that  they  have 
been  coming  to  us  and  to  see  how  much  more  some  one  man 
could  know  about  some  one  thing  than  any  of  us  could  know 
about  so  many  things.  And  yet,  those  of  us  who  must  know 
quite  a  little  bit  about  a  great  many  things  Avill  find  our  learn- 


Containing  the  Proceedings  55 

ing  and  knowledge  improved  by  listening  to  that  man  who 
knows  so  much  about  some  particular  thing.  There  is  no  re- 
flection on  him  because  he  knows  more  about  a  lot  of  things 
than  we  know.  (Laughter.)  I  am  a  specialist  myself.  I  assure 
you  it  is  a  pleasure  to  introduce  to  this  audience  the  man  Avho 
has  recognized  the  value  of  restoration  of  natural  organs  that 
have  been  lost. 

May  I  take  time  here  to  say  this  word:  I  am  sure  Dr. 
Shefiield  will  agree  with  it.  I  look  upon  mastication  as  a 
function  of  the  human  body.  I  think  it  is  a  function  that 
deserves  to  be  classed  with  some  of  the  automatic  functions. 
Mastication  is  not  an  automatic  function,  not  in  its  strict  sense. 
Of  course,  you  can  masticate  without  thinking  about  it.  We 
can  inhibit  that  function  at  will.  I  do  think  mastication  is  a 
function  of  the  body,  just  as  much  so  as  the  kidneys,  heart,  or 
lungs,  and  such  as  that.  In  this  period  of  years  that  are  just 
immediately  behind  us,  how  many  I  do  not  know,  probably 
twelve  or  fifteen  or  maybe  a  little  bit  more,  we  have  been 
forced  to  relieve  our  patients  of  these  organs  of  mastication  to 
quite  a  considerable  extent,  much  more  than  most  of  us  would 
have  liked.    The  health  of  the  individual  demanded  it. 

We  have  with  us  tonight  a  man  who  has  specialized  in  this 
restorative  work.  Having  read  his  articles  and  knowing  of  him 
personally  as  I  do,  I  am  perfectly  safe  in  telling  you  that  you 
have  a  treat  in  store  for  you.  It  is  now  my  pleasure  to  intro- 
duce to  you  Dr.  L.  Langdon  Shefiield,  a  graduate  of  ISTorth- 
western  University,  and  a  man  who  has  specialized  in  this  par- 
ticular field  for  about  thirteen  years.  Dr.  Sheffield,  we  are 
delighted  to  have  you.     (Applause.) 

Dr.  L.  Langdon  Sheffield,  D.D.S.,  Toledo,  Ohio: 

Mr.  President,  members  of  the  ISTorth  Carolina  Dental  So- 
ciety, ladies  and  gentlemen :  After  an  introduction  such  as  Dr. 
Wheeler  has  given  me,  I  think  I  have  something  to  live  up  to. 
I  thank  you.  Dr.  Wheeler,  for  your  kind  words. 

IMMEDIATE  DENTURE  SERVICE  USING  TREATMENT  PLATES 

By  L.  L.  Sheffield,  D.D.S.,  Toledo,  Ohio 

Synopsis 

Impression  taking  and  making  treatment  plates  before  extracting. 
Restoring  facial  dimensions  and  contour.  Anticipated  surgery  of 
the  mouth  applied  to  the  cast  in  laboratory.  Tooth  arrangement  to 
maintain  or  restore  natural  appearance.  Making  duplicate  edentulous 


56  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

cast  for  the  exodontist.  Outline  of  service  rendered  to  the  patient 
during  first  two  weeks  after  insertion.    Prognosis. 

In  appearing  before  you  today  and  in  the  clinic  to  follow,  I  wish 
to  describe  and  exhibit  a  service  and  technic  to  you  that  has  been 
of  mutual  benefit  to  my  patients  and  myself;  showing  you  that  there 
may  be  quite  as  much  inspiration  and  initiative  in  the  making  of 
artificial  dentures  as  in  any  other  of  the  restorative  phases  of  our 
branch  of  the  healing  arts. 

It  is  very  desirable  to  be  able  to  send  patients  from  your  office 
immediately  after  extraction,  fitted  with  presentable  substitutes 
for  the  natural  organs.  You  thereby  relieve  your  patient  the  humilia- 
tion and  embarrassment  of  appearing  in  the  family  and  among 
friends  edentulous,  with  the  comforting  assurance  that  the  treatment 
plates  will  stay  in  position,  to  say  nothing  of  the  resulting  benefits  to 
the  practitioner  in  reputation  and  well  earned  increase  in  fees. 

While  I  may  claim  to  be  reasonably  familiar  with  all  the  various 
systems  and  methods  offered  to  the  profession,  that  which  I  shall 
attempt  to  give  you  is  not  any  one  of  them,  but  is  the  natural 
result  of  selection  from  and  modification  of  all  of  them  to  suit  the 
needs  of  an  every-day  practice. 

At  the  present  time  there  is  a  demand  for  immediate  denture 
service.  Just  why  this  demand  should  come  at  this  time  is  more 
than  I  can  make  out  unless  it  is  that  some  one  gave  a  paper  or  a 
clinic  on  the  subject  and  started  the  old  ball  rolling.  Immediate 
denture  service  is  nothing  new.  When  I  first  entered  a  dental  office 
to  serve  my  apprenticeship  in  1895,  my  preceptor  was  giving  imme- 
diate denture  service  to  i>eople  who  were  before  the  public,  and  who 
felt  as  though  they  could  not  be  detained  from  business  while  the 
gums  were  healing.  That  was  before  the  days  of  oral  surgery  as 
practiced  at  the  present  time.  My  preceptor  was  content  to  pinch 
off  protruding  interdental  alveolar  processes  with  a  forcep,  and 
let  it  go  at  that.  I  have  recently  seen  clinics  at  which  there  were 
casts  and  dentures  shown  that  looked  for  all  the  world  like  those 
that  he  made  thirty-eight  years  ago.  Since  that  time,  there  have 
been  many  improvements  in  oral  surgery  so  that  mouths  prepared 
by  the  exodontist  today  are  ready  immediately  to  receive  dentures 
(or  treatment  plates,  as  I  shall  call  them).  The  following  is  the 
procedure  as  practiced  by  the  essayist. 

After  the  preliminary  talk  to  the  patient,  outlining  the  service 
in  detail,  the  cost,  and  how  and  when  to  be  paid,  the  patient's  head 
is  measured  with  the  Waverin  Trutype  tooth  guide,  and  the  classifi- 
cation of  the  tooth  (whether  square,  tapering,  or  ovoid)  is  de- 
termined. 

Measure  the  width  and  length  of  the  natural  centrals  with  calipers, 
and  record  in  millimeters,  making  due  allowance  for  mechanical 
abrasion.  Use  the  Trubyte  mould  book  under  the  patient's  typal 
form,  and  make  the  tooth  selection.  If  the  patient  is  a  lady,  show 
her,  by  selecting  smaller  laterals,  that  her  feminine  characteristics 
may  be  brought  out. 

Then  make  the  shade  selection  by  referring  to  the  book  "Color  in 
Teeth."  Here  you  may  pick  out  the  blond  or  brunett,  as  the  patient 
may  be.    From  that  refer  to  the  underscored  shade  suggestion.    Then 


Containing  the  Proceedings  57 

with  a  tooth  from  the  shade  guide,  make  the  shade  selection,  and 
record.  Let  your  patient  help.  She  will  be  vitallj'  interested.  The 
psychology  of  the  whole  thing  upon  the  patient  is  good.  Her  case 
is  receiving  special  attention. 

Before  the  extraction  is  done,  a  sectional  impression  is  taken 
with  Dresch  Impression  Material,  and  a  cast  made  of  some  hard 
material,  preferably  Castone. 

In  the  taking  of  the  impression,  use  an  S.  S.  White  brittania 
metal  tray  of  the  angle  pattern,  which  has  had  the  labial  and  buccal 
sides  cut  away,  leaving  only  the  palatal  and  occlusal  portions.  First 
take  the  impression  of  the  roof  of  the  mouth,  lingual,  occlusal,  and 
incisal  surfaces  of  the  teeth,  chill  with  ice-water,  and  remove  from 
the  mouth.  Trim  off  all  compound  that  extends  buccally  and  labially 
beyond  the  buccal  and  labial  surfaces  of  the  teeth.  At  this  time, 
with  a  tracing  stick,  trace  more  compound  on  the  impression, 
completely  covering  the  palatal  surface,  extending  far  enough  back 
to  include  the  tuberosity  and  hamular  notch,  and  filling  level  full  the 
imprints  made  by  the  teeth.  Reheat  this  entire  surface  with  the 
mouth  blow  pipe,  paying  particular  attention  to  get  the  surfaces  to 
be  occupied  by  the  teeth  deeply  heated,  because  this  insertion 
is  to  get  an  accurate  impression  of  the  soft  tissues.  In  this  insertion, 
the  force  applied  to  the  impression  tray  in  the  roof  of  the  mouth 
is  directly  upward  toward  the  bridge  of  the  nose.  Chill  the  palatal 
surface  first,  then  the  surface  over  the  occlusal  surfaces  of  the 
teeth.  Before  the  impression  is  entirely  chilled,  loosen  it  slightly 
(but  do  not  rock  it),  press  back  into  place,  and  thoroughly  chill  be- 
fore removing  from  the  mouth.  This  loosening  is  to  relieve  the 
compound  that  penetrates  the  interstices  between  the  teeth.  Other- 
wise tender  teeth  are  unnecessarily  hurt.  The  slight  distortion  is  in 
between  and  at  the  necks  of  the  teeth.  These  areas  are  obliterated 
anyway  at  the  time  of  extraction  and  trimming. 

Remove  the  impression,  and  trim  off  all  compound  that  extends 
buccally  and  labially  beyond  the  buccal  and  labial  surfaces  of  the 
teeth.  Cut  notches  in  the  labial  and  buccal  borders  of  the  compound, 
cover  with  white  mineral  oil,  and  insert  in  the  mouth.  With  another 
piece  of  soft  warm  compound,  take  the  impression  of  the  buccal 
surface,  to  and  including  the  cuspid  tooth.  Take  the  impression 
of  the  opposite  buccal  surface  in  the  same  manner,  and  thoroughly 
chill  with  ice-water.  Then  with  another  piece  of  soft  warm  com- 
pound, take  the  impression  of  the  labial  surface  of  the  teeth  and 
gums,  allowing  for  an  overlap  at  the  cuspids ;  at  this  time,  mark 
the  median  line  because  the  space  between  the  centrals  is  not 
always  in  the  median  line.  The  overlapping  at  the  cuspids  will 
assist,  together  with  the  notches  previously  mentioned,  in  assembling 
the  pieces. 

At  this  time,  put  the  finishing  touches  to  the  distal  border  of 
the  upper  impression.  It  is  done  in  the  following  manner :  With 
an  indelible  pencil,  mark  around  distally  of  the  tuberosities  and 
mesially  of  the  hamular  process  in  the  depth  of  the  hamular  notch 
in  an  uneven  curve  to  the  posterior  palatine  depressions,  then  con- 
tinuing across  the  median  line  to  the  same  areas  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  mouth.    Insert  the  palatal  portion  of  the  impression  to 


58  Bulletin  North,  Carolina  Dental  Society 

get  a  transfer  of  the  marking  in  ttie  mouth  on  the  impression.  Then 
l)ostclam  well  with  linger   adaptation. 

Over  the  area  distal  to  the  tuberosity,  and  the  line  locating  the 
hamular  notch,  and  extending  about  two-thirds  of  the  way  from 
the  tuberosity  to  the  median  line,  lay  on  a  piece  of  half-round,  nine- 
gauge  soft  black  wax,  securely  attaching  it  to  the  impression  with  a 
hot  spatula.  While  this  wax  is  slightly  warm,  reinsert  the  impression 
in  the  mouth,  and  press  firmly  into  place.  If  this  causes  pain,  it 
will  usually  be  because  the  wax  encroaches  upon  the  hamular  process. 
To  remedy,  push  the  soft  wax  slightly  forward  with  the  thumb,  and 
insert  again  until  there  is  no  distress  to  the  patient.  You  will  then 
have  an  imprint  of  the  distal  portion  of  the  tuberosity  in  the  wax. 
DO  NOT  compress  the  gum  tissue  covering  the  distal  iwrtion  of  the 
tuberosity,  for  it  will  distress  the  patient  later.  The  soft  tissue 
spanning  the  hamular  notch  may  be  depressed  with  the  wax  a 
distance  of  a  millimeter  or  more  without  causing  distress.  The 
remaining  hard  area  across  the  distal  border  of  the  impression  at 
the  median  line  should  be  covered  by  a  piece  of  number  28  gauge 
casting  wax  about  5  millimeters  w'ide  joining  the  wax  that  was 
used  in  the  hamular  notch.  This  is  to  compensate  for  the  shrinkage 
of  the  vulcanite  causing  a  lack  of  adaptation  in  that  area.  This 
treatment  of  the  distal  border  of  the  impression  is  painstaking  and 
exacting,  but  this  is  totally  eclipsed  by  the  satisfactory  results  ob- 
tained for  the  patient  and  reputation  for  the  operator. 

Now  reassemble  the  parts  of  the  impression  and  sear  together 
by  means  of  a  hot  spatula.  Then  they  can  be  poured  up  with 
Castone  the  same  as  any  other  impression.  Label  the  cast  with 
the  patient's  number.  From  this  cast,  make  a  duplicate  cast  of 
Castone,  number  it,  and  set  away  for  future  use.  This  cast  is  a 
very  valuable  guide  in  the  arrangement  of  the  artificial  teeth  on 
the    treatment   plate   under    construction. 

By  using  a  bolo  gauge,  the  distance  from  cuspid  to  cuspid  may 
be  obtained  and  used  to  advantage  in  placing  the  teeth  in  the  new 
denture.    The  cast  will  give  their  positions  in  the  arc  of  the  circle. 

From  the  cast,  information  may  be  obtained  concerning  the  general 
inclination  of  the  long  axes  of  the  teeth  as  regards  the  median  line, 
whether  the  teeth  are  mesially  or  distally  inclined  from  a  line  drawn 
perpendicular  to  the  occlusal  plane.  The  same  information,  regard- 
ing any  of  the  other  teeth  that  remained  when  the  primary  im- 
pression was  taken,  likewise  may  be  obtained  and  used  in  placing 
the  teeth  in  the  new  denture.  At  least  it  gives  a  general  idea 
regarding  the  original  position  and  posing  of  the  teeth. 

Occasionally,  too,  a  patient  (or  relative)  will  say  of  the  finished 
denture,  "These  teeth  don't  have  so  pleasing  an  appearance  as  my 
own" ;  and  right  then  is  the  time  when  you  can  shake  hands  with 
yourself  if  you  have  a  cast  made  from  a  primary  impression  that 
you  can  show  her,  for  your  patient  positively  forgets  how  her 
own  teeth  looked,  and  has  a  very  exaggerated  imagination  regarding 
them. 

(Remove  some  of  the  hindrances  of  impression  taking  by  filling 
spaces  between  converging  teeth  with  comix)und.) 


Containing  the  Proceedings  59 

The  lower  impression  is  taken  in  a  brittania  metal  tray  of  the 
S.  S.  White  varietj'  of  the  angle  pattern  which  has  the  buccal  and 
labial  sides  cut  away.  Place  enough  Dresch  impression  material  in 
the  tray  (stick  it  on  loosely)  to  take  the  lingual,  occlusal,  and 
incisal  surfaces  of  the  gums  and  teeth  on  one  side  of  the  mouth 
extending  across  the  median  line  to  the  cuspid  on  the  opposite  side. 
In  the  molar  region  of  the  opposite  side,  place  a  small  piece  of  com- 
pound on  the  tray  for  an  occlusal  rest  to  keep  the  bare  tray  from 
resting  on  the  teeth ;  this  will  also  provide  room  for  the  needed 
comiwund  later  on.  Insert  the  tray  (when  the  compound  is  warm) 
partly  to  place,  just  to  get  an  equalization  of  the  compound ;  remove 
and  chill  enough  to  make  the  compound  stiff.  This  hard,  cold  com- 
pound is  the  impression  tray. 

With  a  mouth  blow  pipe,  warm  the  surface  of  the  compound  that 
approximates  the  teeth  and  gums,  and  also  the  occlusal  rest  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  tray;  temper  in  water  at  130  degrees,  insert 
in  the  mouth,  and  press  firmly  into  place,  then  chill  with  ice  water. 
Now  remove  from  the  mouth,  trim  off  all  compound  that  extends 
bucally  and  labially  beyond  the  occlusal  and  incisive  edges  of  the 
teeth,  chill  the  compound,  and  remove  from  the  tray.  Cut  notches 
in  the  linguo-occlusal  surfaces,  cover  with  Squibb's  mineral  oil,  and 
replace  in  the  mouth.  In  the  same  empty  tray,  place  sufficient  com- 
pound to  take  the  linguo-occlusal  and  incisive  surfaces  of  the 
remaining  teeth  including  the  section  of  impression  previously  taken. 
Chill  well  with  cold  water.  Loosen  the  impression  on  the  side  that 
was  taken  first  by  slipping  a  thin  spatula  between  the  compound 
of  the  first  and  second  sections.  When  the  second  section  has  been 
removed,  trim  off  all  of  the  impression  material  bucally  and  labially 
beyond  the  occlusal  and  incisive  edges  of  the  teeth.  Cut  notches  in 
the  edge  of  the  compound,  and  cover  with  Squibb's  mineral  oil. 

Replace  sections  one,  and  also  number  two  which  is  on  the  tray, 
in  the  mouth.  Take  suitably  sized  pieces  of  compound,  and  take  the 
impressions  of  the  buccal  surfaces  of  the  teeth  extending  to  the 
middle  of  the  cuspid  teeth.  Now  chill  with  water.  Remove  from  the 
mouth,  trim  off  the  known  excess,  see  that  the  compound  is  cut 
smooth  at  the  cuspids,  and  also  that  it  is  of  suitable  thickness  with 
notched  edges.  Cover  with  Squibb's  mineral  oil.  Reinsert  the  im- 
pression  including   the  buccal   sections   in   the  mouth. 

Now  take  the  remaining  labial  section  from  cuspid  to  cuspid 
including  the  under  surface'  of  the  handle  of  the  tray.  Use  enough 
compound  (a  piece  as  big  as  your  thumb  will  do).  Press  firmly  into 
place,  and  against  the  tray  handle.  Chill  thoroughly,  and  remove 
from  the  mouth.  The  tray  handle,  and  the  notches  in  the  ixn-tions 
of  the  impression  previously  taken,  greatly  assist  in  assembling.  Now 
sear  together  with  a  hot  spatula,  and  pour  in  the  Ca stone.  In  addi- 
tion, make  a  duplicate  cast,  label  it  with  the  patient's  number,  and 
set  away  for  future  use. 

At  this  time,  determine  how  much  it  is  advisable  to  open  the 
bite  in  addition  to  that  existing  at  the  present  time.  Most  mouths 
are  sadly  closed  up,  and  need  the  space  between  the  nose  and  the 
chin  lengthened  from  two  to  six  millimeters.  Sixteen  millimeters  is 
normal  in  recent  extraction  cases,  from  the  crest  of  the  upper  ridge 
at  the  median  line,  to  the  crest  of  the  lower  at  the  median  line. 


60  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

This  closure  is  due  usually  to  the  loss  of  posterior  teeth,  either 
upper  or  lower  or  both.  The  upper  anterior  teeth  are  usually  one  or 
more  millimeters  forward  of  their  original  positions.  This  condition 
is  many  times  accompanied  by  excessive  over-bite  and  over-jet.  At 
this  time  take  the  central  occlusion,  allowing  for  the  additional 
vertical  distance,  and  mount  the  upper  and  lower  cast  in  the  proi>er 
relation  on  the  frame,  using  a  face  bow.  See  that  the  set  nut  holding 
the  iucisal  guide  pin  of  the  articulator  is  sufficiently  tightened  to 
maintain  the  desired  distance  until  the  treatment  plates  are  finished. 

With  the  above  data  and  a  picture  of  the  patient  taken  at  .some 
previous  time  when  all  teeth  were  present,  we  are  ready  to  set  up 
the  teeth.  In  arranging  the  teeth,  care  should  be  used  in  their 
posing,  using  as  much  of  the  irregularities  found  in  the  natural 
dentures  as  deemed  advisable,  such  as:  forward  or  backward  inclina- 
tion, deviation  toward  or  from  the  median  line,  prominence  of 
cuspids,  the  arc  of  a  circle  made  by  the  natural  teeth,  the  distance 
from  cuspid  to  cuspid,  or  general  relation  of  the  incisal  edges  of  the 
centrals  to  the  laterals  and  cuspids.  In  addition  to  this,  all  teeth 
may  be  placed  the  desired  distance  distally.  The  patient  will  appre- 
ciate your  efforts  if  the  general  posing  is  in  keeping  with  his 
natural  teeth. 

Before  setting  up  the  teeth,  all  surfaces  of  the  casts,  except 
where  the  teeth  are,  should  be  fitted  with  base  plate  wax.  This  hav- 
ing been  done,  one  tooth  at  a  time  (beginning  with  a  central),  is 
cut  off ;  the  cast  surface  so  exposed,  is  covered  with  a  small  piece 
of  thin  tinfoil,  and  the  artificial  tooth  mounted  in  its  stead  (or  as 
near  as  your  decided  change  will  permit).  Then  wax  it  in  position 
to  the  wax  base  plate.  The  tinfoil  keeps  the  newly  added  wax  from 
sticking  to   the  cast. 

After  the  set-up  is  completed,  the  wax  treatment  plate  can  be 
removed,  and  the  surgerj'  of  the  plaster  cast  completed  by  removing 
the  uneven  places  representing  the  inter-dental  bone  spicula  after  the 
plaster  teeth  were  cut  off,  and  in  addition,  about  two  millimeters  of 
tissue  at  the  labial  and  buccal  gingival  border.  Make  a  duplicate 
of  this  edentulous  cast,  and  send  it  to  the  exodontist  so  he  can  give 
intelligent  cooperation  when  extracting  and  preparing  the  mouth. 
The  impression  for  duplicate  casts  may  be  taken  after  the  wax 
is  boiled  out  of  the  flask  just  prior  to  packing. 

The  technic  is  as  follows :  Cool  the  flask  enough  so  that  the  com- 
pound will  not  stick  to  the  cast.  Place  a  roll  of  warm  comiwund 
around  the  labial  and  buccal  sides  of  the  cast,  pressing  it  firmly 
into  place,  and  allowing  the  compound  to  extend  to  the  crest  of 
the  ridge.  Chill  thoroughly.  Cover  the  compound  with  mineral  oil. 
Cover  the  remaining  portions  of  the  cast  with  another  piece  of 
soft,  warm  compound.  Press  it  firmly  into  place.  Chill  this  piece 
completely.  Give  this  newly  added  compound  a  dressing  of  mineral 
oil.  Now  cover  the  previously  placed  comix)und  with  a  saucer  shaped 
piece  of  compound,  and  press  this  firmly  into  place.  After  com- 
pletely chilling  the  entire  mass  of  compound,  remove  one  piece  at  a 
time,  and  assemble.  Sear  the  edges  of  overlapping  compound  to- 
gether with  a  hot  spatula,  and  pour  with  plaster. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  61 

Use  plenty  of  care  in  posing  the  teeth  on  the  treatment  plates 
because  you  will  be  called  upon  to  duplicate  them  in  the  dentures 
which  will  take  their  places.  In  treatment  plates  for  the  taper  and 
square  tj'pes,  I  put  on  only  six  anterior  teeth ;  for  the  ovoid  type, 
it  is  necessary  to  put  on  eight  teeth.  This  is  due  to  the  display  of 
teeth  the  ovoid  type  makes  when  smiling.  The  place,  occupied  by 
the  bicuspid  and  molar  teeth,  is  made  of  vulcanite  built  to  the  length, 
height,  and  width  of  the  posterior  teeth.  The  smooth  vulcanite  places 
representing  the  occlusal  surfaces  of  the  teeth  answer  all  purposes  of 
teeth  for  the  time  being. 

The  treatment  plates  are  now  completed,  and  the  patient  is  ready 
to  have  the  teeth  removed.  Send  the  duplicate  casts  of  the  edentulous 
case  to  the  exodontist,  and  instruct  him  to  extract  the  teeth,  and 
smooth  the  gums.  (That  sounds  better  to  the  patient  than  any  thing 
you  may  say  about  surgery  of  the  mouth.)  Smoothing  the  gums 
consists  of  in  addition  to  extracting:  the  lifting  of  the  periosteum; 
the  removing  of  the  inter-dental  spicula  of  process  and  about  two 
millimeters  of  the  alveolar  process  at  the  labial,  buccal,  and  gingival 
border ;  the  smoothing  of  any  undue  prominences  of  the  process 
(such  as  protruding  tuberosities  that  would  interfere  with  the 
seating  of  the  treatment  plate).  The  same  surgical  treatment  is 
given  to  the  mandible.  After  the  teeth  are  all  set  up,  the  wax  plate 
may  be  removed  from  the  cast,  and  the  exodontist's  surgery  to  the 
area  may  be  applied  to  the  cast  with  a  knife.  Then  make  a  dupli- 
cate of  the  mandibular  cast  to  send  to  the  exodontist,  afterwards 
replacing  the  wax  denture,  and  finishing  the  case. 

As  soon  as  the  bleeding  has  stopped,  insert  the  treatment  plates. 
If  there  is  a  discrepancy  between  your  surgical  treatment  of  the 
cast  in  the  laboratory  and  that  actually  performed  by  the  exodon- 
tist, 3'ou  may  trace  compound  in  the  treatment  plate  to  fill  in  the 
discrepancy.  This  compound  may  be  worn  for  weeks  if  necessary. 
Tell  the  patient  that  the  treatment  plates  act  as  a  bandage  to  cover 
up  the  tender  gums,  exclude  the  air,  and  lessen  the  pain,  and  are 
not  to  be  removed  for  any  cause  until  he  or  she  visits  the  office 
next  day  when  you  will  remove  them.  When  the  patient  arrives 
the  next  day,  these  treatment  plates  are  then  removed,  placed  imme- 
diately in  a  solution  of  sodium  perborate,  and  allowed  to  remain 
for  a  few  minutes  (5  minutes).  By  this  time,  all  mucous  and  sticky 
substances  have  been  loosened  from  the  plates,  and  are  floating 
on  the  surface  of  the  solution.  The  solution  with  the  foreign  ma- 
terial may  be  then  poured  off,  the  plates  rinsed,  scrubbed  with  soap 
and  cool  water,  and  placed  again  in  a  fresh  solution  of  sodium 
perborate.  In  the  meantime,  the  patient  is  given  a  glass  of  the 
same  luke-warm  solution  with  which  to  rinse  the  mouth.  Then  swab 
the  gums  with  cotton  in  order  to  remove  the  scarf  skin  and  debris. 
Now  is  the  time  to  look  for  peripheral  soreness,  and  trim  and  polish 
the  plates  if  necessary.  Reinsert  the  treatment  plates,  and  dismiss 
the  patient  with  instructions  to  wear  continuously  until  the  next 
day,  when  you  will  care  for  the  mouth  again  as  before.  After  the 
third  day,  the  patient  may  be  trusted  to  care  for  the  mouth  at 
home,  but  see  the  mouth  every  third  day  for  at  least  two  more 
sittings.    By  that  time,  all  the  stitches  will  have  disappeared,  and 


62  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

the  gums  will  have  assumed  a  pink,  healthy  appearance  with  the 
attending  tenderness  much  reduced. 

The  patient  can  chew  his  boiled  vegetables  (mashed  i>otatoes)  and 
soft  foods  (bread  and  milk),  and  mix  them  with  saliva.  This  is 
in  itself  a  great  aid  to  digestion.  In  three  weeks,  the  patient  can  do 
justice  to  a  well  cooked  stew,  and  he  will  tell  you  all  the  things 
that  he  can  do  with  them. 

After  the  gums  have  healed  so  that  there  is  no  chance  for  infec- 
tion, give  this  additional  instruction  to  the  patient:  rub  the  entire 
area  covered  by  the  dentures  with  the  thumb  and  fingers  until  the 
gums  squeak;  (this  will  loosen  the  accumulated  scarf  skin)  ;  then 
finish  by  rinsing  the  mouth  with  the  patient's  favorite  mouth  wash. 

The  mouth  toilet  just  described  will,  in  many  cases,  eliminate 
the  offensive  breath  that  is  noticeable  in  some  patients  who  are 
otherwise  fastidious  and  immaculate.  This  bit  of  information  is 
graciously  received  by  the  patient. 

In  the  clinic  that  follows,  there  will  be  shown  much  of  the 
technic  that  was  given  here  in  my  lecture,  including  a  service 
selling  talk  and  a  tide-over  service  that  is  of  benefit  to  the  dentist 
as  well  as  the  patient,  and  that  is  quite  in  line  with  the  present 
financial  conditions. 

Outline  of  the  Clinic 

1.  Service  selling  talk. 

2.  Primary  impression  taking. 

3.  Immediate  denture  making. 

4.  Cast  preparation. 

5.  Duplicate  denture  construction. 

6.  Insertion  of  immediate  dentures. 

7.  Instructions  to  patient. 

8.  Care  of  the  mouth. 

Advantages  of  Immediate  Denture  Service 

The  advantages  of  immediate  treatment-plate-insertion  are  many, 
because  they : 

1.  Cover  up  the  tender  gums. 

2.  Exclude  the  air. 

3.  Lessen  the  pain. 

4.  Avoid  infection  from  fingers  and  food. 

5.  Enable  the  dentist  to  open  the  mouth  (bite)  the  desired  distance 

immediately.     (The  patient  has  no  idea  how  dentures  should 
feel,  and  consequently,  generally  accepts  anything  he  is  given.) 

6.  Make  a  rest  for  the  mandible. 

7.  Keep  the  cheeks  from  sagging  and  becoming  tired. 

8.  Keep  the  jaws  from  closing  too  closely,  thereby  preventing  the 

straining  of  the  tempero-mandibular  joint. 

9.  Keep  the  patient  from  getting  in  the  habit  of  going  edentulous. 
10.  Give  the  wearer  personal  appearance,  and  enable  him  to  attend 

to  business  without  loss  of  time  during  the  time  his  regular 
dentures  are  being  made. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  63 

11.  Do   away  with   the  necessitj'  of  learning   how   to   talk  plainly 

when  edentulous,  and  again  learning  how  to  talk  with  dentures. 

12.  Keep  the  lips  from   shrinking.     (Without  immediate  dentures, 

the  upper  lip  will  shrink  one-fourth  inch  in  length  from  the 
nose  to  the  Vermillion  border  in  three  weeks.  The  patient  will 
lose  the  Cupid's  Bow,  and  the  lips  will  become  a  straight  line 
and  look  severe.) 

13.  Prevent  wrinkles. 

14.  Teach  the  patient  how  to  wear  dentures  before  getting  them. 

15.  They  are,  due  to  mouth  conditions,  more  bulky  than  the  regular 

plates  will  be. 

16.  Do  not  traumatize  the  gums  due  to  the  fact  that  the  smooth 

occlusal  plates  do  not  interlock  like  teeth. 

17.  Awaken  the  natural  mastication  movements  necessary  because 

the  anterior  teeth  do  not  contact. 

18.  Make  limited  mastication  possible. 

19.  Make    the    change    to    dentures    from    treatment    plates    most 

acceptable.  (I  compare  this  to  the  taking  off  of  storm  shoes 
to  put  on  house  slippers.) 

20.  Relax   the    lips   by   continued   function,    making   it   possible   to 

make  the  teeth  on  the  new  dentures  the  correct  length  with  a 
permanency  of  appearance  that  would  be  otherwise  impossible. 

21.  The  treatment  plates  may  be  kept  for  use  in  case  of  emergency. 

22.  Obviate  the  making  of  temporary  dentures,  at  a  small  fee,  with 

which  the  patient  is  too  often  satisfied. 

23.  Make  possible  another  fee  for  the  rebasing  which  gives  a  new 

fit  to  the  dentures.  (This  fee  you  are  justified  in  making  be- 
cause it  takes  the  place  of  a  fee  for  temporary  dentures.) 

24.  Make  possible  the  waiting  for,  and  making  of,  the  regular  den- 

tures at  full  price. 

I  thank  you.     (Applause.) 

President  Jackson: 

I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Sheffield  for  this  splendid  presentation. 
Again  let  me  remind  you  to  have  your  questions  ready  for  Dr. 
Sheffield's  clinic  tomorrow  afternoon.  Do  not  forget  that  Dr. 
Camalier  will  talk  tomorrow  morning  at  breakfast  on  the 
"Dental  Education  of  the  Public."  I  am  sure  you  are  all  in- 
terested in  just  that.  The  trip  to  Chapel  Hill  would  be  worth 
while  if  you  did  not  get  any  more  than  Dr.  Camalier's  lecture 
tomorrow  morning. 

Since  the  morning  general  session  we  have  had  some  friends 
and  guests  to  arrive  from  other  states  and  I  am  pleased  to 
recognize  at  this  time  Dr.  Harry  Bear,  of  Richmond.  (Ap- 
plause.) Dr.  Guy  Harrison.  (Applause.)  Dr.  Jennings,  of 
Richmond.  (Applause.)  Are  there  other  guests?  We  would  be 
glad  for  yoii  to  stand  at  this  time. 


64  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

You  will  pardon  me,  but  I  am  thinking  at  this  time  of  some 
familiar  faces  that  you  and  I  are  accustomed  to  seeing  at  our 
m.eetings,  and  if  they  were  physically  able  to  get  here,  we 
would  most  probably  see  them  tonight.  They  are  not  here.  We 
miss  them  because  they  have  meant  much  to  I^orth  Carolina, 
meant  more  to  the  Society  as  a  whole.  When  you  and  I  were 
much  younger  than  we  are,  we  heard  their  names  connected 
with  many  of  the  most  recent  restorations.  They  were  the 
pioneers  of  the  profession.  They  are  not  with  us  tonight.  It 
is  no  fault  of  theirs.  I  am  referring  to  Dr.  Charlie  Alexander 
of  Charlotte  and  Dr.  White  of  Elizabeth  City.  Their  hearts 
and  souls  are  with  us.  They  are  sick,  and  not  able  to  be  here. 
Pardon  me  for  bringing  it  up  myself,  but  I  think  the  Secretary 
should  send  them  a  telegram. 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford,  Charlotte: 

Mr.  President,  I  make  a  motion  that  the  Secretary  send  our 
love  and  appreciation  to  Dr.  Charles  Alexander  and  to  Dr. 
White  of  Elizabeth  City. 

Dr.  Neil  Sheffield,  Greensboro : 

I  would  like  to  include  Dr.  J.  S.  Wells,  of  Reidsville. 

Dr.  J.  C.  Watkins,  Winston-Salem: 

We  should  include  Dr.  H.  K.  Foster,  of  Greensboro. 

Dr.  T.  E.  SiJces,  Greensboro: 

I  would  like  to  include  Dr.  H.  Y.  Murray. 

Dr.  P.  E.  HoHon,  Winston^ Salem: 

We  should  send  one  to  Dr.  E.  G.  Clicke,  of  Elkin. 

President  Jachson: 

We  must  not  forget  Dr.  Dennis  Keel. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 

Is  there  anything  further  to  come  before  the  I^orth  Carolina 
Dental  Society  at  this  meeting?  (Pause.)  If  not,  I  declare 
the  Society  adjourned  until  tomorrow  morning,  eight  o'clock  at 
Swain  Hall. 

The  meeting  adjourned  at  10  :05  p.m.,  Tuesday,  June  6,  1933. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  65 

SECOE^D  DAY— WEDNESDAY,  JUNE  7,  1933 

Morning  Session 

This  being  a  breakfast  meeting,  the  Convention  was  called  to 
order  bj  President  Wilbert  Jackson  at  8  :35  o'clock,  a.m.,  but 
a  few  minutes  thereafter  adjourned  to  the  regular  Convention 
Hall  on  account  of  the  acoustics  in  Swain  Hall. 

President  Jachson  : 

The  Convention  will  come  to  order. 

I  made  the  remark  some  time  ago  at  a  meeting  of  the  Pro- 
gram and  Executive  Committees  that  if  the  President  or  some 
officer  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  should  ask  some 
one  to  do  something,  and  he  did  not  do  it,  I  would  know  right 
away  that  he  was  the  wrong  man,  that  he  was  not  a  member  of 
the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society.  I  have  not  been  skeptical 
about  this  breakfast  at  all.  You  always  come.  I  am  happy  to 
see  you  here  this  morning.  It  shows  a  real  interest,  and  I 
assure  you  that  you  will  be  repaid. 

There  were  some  announcements  concerning  the  program  for 
the  remainder  of  the  day,  and  concerning  the  entertainment  of 
members  and  guests. 

At  this  time  I  am  pleased  to  present  to  you  Dr.  John  Mc- 
Clung,  who  will  introduce  our  guest  speaker. 

Dr.  J.  A.  McClung,  Winston-Salem: 

Mr.  President,  dentists,  and  friends  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society,  I  am  happy  to  see  so  many  faces  here  this 
morning.  It  is  rather  surprising  to  know  you  can  get  up  so 
early.  I  know  that  every  one  has  been  delighted  with  the 
progress  of  the  excellent  program  we  have  enjoyed  so  far. 
We  have  had  so  many  outstanding  speakers  on  our  program,  and 
today  we  have  still  another.  This  one  really  needs  no  introduc- 
tion, because  he  is  nationally  known.  He  is  a  Trustee  of  the 
American  Dental  Association,  and  he  is  also  President  of  the 
National  Association  of  Dental  Examiners.  He  comes  to  us 
from  the  National  Capital  and  I  am  quite  sure  he  has  a  message 
of  still  another  "New  Deal."  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to 
present  Dr.  C.  Willard  Camalier,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  (Ap- 
plause.) 
3 


66  Bulletin  XortJi   Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  C.  Willard  Camalier,  D.D.S.,  F.A.C.D.,  Washington,  D.  C: 
President  Jackson,  Dr.  McClung,  members  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina State  Dental  Association :  I  appreciate  very  much  indeed 
being  invited  to  your  session  this  morning.  I  also  appreciate  the 
large  turn-out  that  yo\x  have.  It  seems  quite  a  compliment  to 
a  man  to  have  so  many  people  come  out  early  in  the  morning 
and  I  do  appreciate  it.  I  am  going  to  talk  to  you  a  short  while 
this  morning.  Dr.  Jackson  has  limited  me  to  thirty  minutes. 
I  had  planned  to  talk  three  hours,  but  President  Jackson  wants 
to  close  on  time,  and  I  will  have  to  restrict  myself.  (Laughter.) 
It  gives  me  a  special  pleasure  to  be  here  this  morning.  While 
I  come  from  Washington,  my  name  sounds  like  it  might  be 
from  the  middle  of  France.  My  grandmother  was  born  in 
Elizabeth  City  and  my  mother  was  born  there.  When  we  took 
up  the  matter  of  our  vacation,  my  wife  and  daughters  said  that 
they  preferred  going  to  Elizabeth  City  in  preference  to  the 
World's  Fair.  (Applause.)  So,  you  see,  I  feel  like  I  am  one 
of  you.  I  have  come  back  home.  When  my  old  friend.  Dr. 
Lineberger,  wrote  me  and  sent  me  the  invitation  to  speak  to  you 
this  morning,  I  gladly  accepted. 

■'Editor's  Note:  Dr.  Camalier  bad  made  arrangements  with  Dr. 
C.  N.  Jolmson,  editor  of  the  .Journal  of  the  American  Dental  Associa- 
tion, to  have  his  paper  appear  in  that  periodical.  It  is  the  policy  of 
the  Journal  of  the  A.  D.  A.  not  to  use  an  article  that  has  previously 
appeared  in  print.  Tlie  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  does  not  want 
to  either  embarrass  Dr.  Camalier  or  interfei-e  with  the  policy  of  tlie 
Journal :  ratlier  it  is  our  desire  to  cooperate.  Therefore,  we  re- 
linquish our  rights  to  use  this  article  in  our  proceedings  so  that  it 
may  enjoy  a  wider  distribution  in  the  Journal :  we  believe  such  a 
course  to  be  of  greater  advantage  to  all  concerned.'' 

President  Jaclson: 

I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Camalier  for  his  splendid  presentation. 
I  hope  you  will  all  benefit  thereby.  He  is  a  good  sport.  He 
threatened  to  talk  three' hours,  and  then  quit  five  minutes  ahead 
of  the  time  we  allotted  him.    (Laughter.) 

At  this  time  I  am  pleased  to  recognize  Dr.  Crafford,  of  the 
Virginia  Dental  Society.  (Applause.)  And  Dr.  Simmons.  (Ap- 
plause.) We  extend  to  you  the  courtesies  of  the  floor.  These 
people  from  Virginia  are  excellent  folks,  and  they  are  going  to 
start  their  clinics  promptly  at  eleven  o'clock.  Be  sure  and  be  on 
time.  I  would  like  to  recognize  Dr.  Guy  Harrison.  (Applause.) 
Dr.  Holliday,  of  Richmond.    (Applause.) 


Containing  the  Proceedings  67 

I  am  sure  you  remember  with  pleasure  tliat  most  interesting 
speaker  of  yesterday  morning.  He  will  speak  to  us  again  this 
morning.    It  is  our  pleasure  to  again  hear  Dr.  Rickert. 

Dr.  U.  Garfield  Ricl-ert,  D.D.S.,  F.A.C.D.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.: 

PRACTICAL  ROOT  SURGERY  FOR  THE  AVERAGE 
PRACTITIONER 

The  mauagemeut  of  pulp  involved  teeth,  infected  or  noninfected, 
should  not  be  looked  upon  as  a  highly  specialized  branch  of  operative 
dentistry  but  rather  as  a  very  necessary  form  of  procedure  which 
may  be  satisfactorily  handled  by  the  average  operator.  The  results 
obtained  through  the  various  technics  advocated  by  the  outstanding 
dental  schools  have  proved  themselves  so  satisfactory  as  to  need  no 
apology.  The  technic  in  use  in  the  clinic  of  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan School  of  Dentistry  differs  very  little  from  that  described  by 
Dr.  Rickert  in  a  symposium  printed  in  Dental  Cosmos  for  March  and 
April,  1928. 

In  brief  the  technic  is  as  follows : 

I.     Extirpation  of  vital  pulps: 

a.  Novocain  is  used  for  anesthesia.    (Infiltration  or  block.) 

b.  Rubber' dam  is  used  only  in  cases  incapable  of  keeping  dry 

with  cotton  I'olls. 

c.  Pulp  chamber  is  opened  sutficiently  to  give  free  access  to  all 

canals. 

d.  Pulp  is  removed  with  a  barbed  broach  of  suitable  size. 

II.     Enlarging  canals : 

a.  Kerr  hand  root  reamers  No.  1  to  No.  6,  properly  marked  for 

length   from   radiograph,    are   used    in   their   respective 
sequence. 
Note:     Never   try   to   hurry    enlargement   by   starting   with 
larger  reamers.    Start  with  No.  1  and  continue  to  No.  5 
or  No.  6  in  proper  sequence. 

b.  A  canal  reamed  to  No.  6  may  be  smoother  with  No.  6  file. 

III.     Sealing  Canals : 

a.  A  trial  gutta   percha  cone   approximately  fitted  for  length 

and  diameter  is  sealed  into  the  canal  and  X-rayed. 

b.  If  cone  is  correct,  it  is  rolled  in  a  thick,  creamy  mixture 

of  Kerr's  root  canal  sealer  and  carried  into  place  with  a 
slight  pumping  motion  to  exclude  air  droplets. 

c.  The  first  cone  is  forced  to  the  side  of  the  canal  with  a  Kerr's 

No.  3  root  spreader  and  additional  cones  are  added  each 
time  the  spreader  is  withdrawn. 
Note:    Rotating  the  spreader  before  withdrawing  will  pre- 
vent  points   from   pulling  out,   and   leave  a   convenient 
opening  for  inserting  the  next  point. 

d.  When  no  further  points  can  be  added,  the  loose  ends  are  all 

cut  off  with  one  sweep  of  a  large  hot  spoon  excavator. 


68  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

IV.     Sealing  canals  with  open  ends : 

(Jvertilliug  may   result   in  undeveloped   root   ends  in   young 

patients,  or  open  foramena  in  adults,  unless  the  opening 

is  tirst  closed. 
This  may  be  done  as  follows : 

a.  Select  a  plugger  that  will  pass  to  within  5  mm.  of  the  apex 

and  mark  this  distance  on  the  plugger. 

b.  A  stH^'tiou  of  gutta  percha,  3  mm.  long,  equal  in  diameter  to 

the  end  of  the  plugger  is  tacked  to  it  by  heating  the 
latter. 

c.  Roll  this  section  in  Kerr's  sealer  and  carry  to  place  as  indi- 

cated by  marker,  and  X-ray. 

d.  The  marker  may  be  corrected  on  a  size  smaller  plugger  for 

the  distance  still  to  be  tilled  and  the  section  sealed. 
Note:  It  is  far  safer  to  place  the  tirst  section  2  or  3  mm. 
short  of  the  apex,  on  account  of  possible  errors  in  root 
length  on  the  X-ray.  If  measurements  were  taken  from 
a  foreshortened  X-ray,  for  example,  the  section  would  be 
carried  beyond  the  apex. 

e.  After  the  open  apex  is  sealed,  the  remainder  of  the  canal 

may  be  tilled  as  previously  described. 

V.     Treatment  of  teeth  showing  apical  translucency  : 
1st  precaution : 

Never  attempt  to  approach  the  apex  of  a  contaminated  canal 
the  tirst  time  the  tooth  is  opened.    Toxic  material  is  apt 
to  be  forced  beyond  the  apex  and  pain  and  swelling  will 
generally  occur. 
1st   treatment : 

Formo-cresol  sealed  into  pulp  chamber  with  a  kK)se  plug  of 
cotton  and  sandarac  varnish  will  constitute  the  tirst  24 
hours  of  treatment, 
liud  treatment : 

Careful  removal  of  %  of  canal  contents  with  J  and  J  ab- 
sorbent points  or  barbed  broach  followed  by  another 
2-1-hour  dressing  of  formo-cresol  and  cotton  and  san- 
darac varnish  seal.  (Clean  broach  and  flame  before  re- 
entering canal.) 
ord  treatment : 

Careful  removal  of  remainder  of  canal  contents,  with  J  and 
J  absorbent  points  or  broach  and  seal  in  treatment  of  a 
chlorine  solution  with  temporary  stopping. 

A  canal  may  be  regarded  as  ready  to  till  when  the  following 
conditions  exist : 

1.  No  soreness  of  any  kind. 

2.  The  last  dressing  should  be  dry. 

3.  There  should  be  no  odor  coming  from  canal. 

4.  The  canal  should  be  properly  enlarged  and  smoother  to  receive 
the  tilling  material.  Ammonical  AgNOs  should  be  reduced  in  all 
multirooted  posterior  teeth. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  69 

Procedure 

Dissolve  AsNOi  crystals  in  cone.  28%  ammonia  until  an  amber 
cloudy  solution  is  obtained. 

Place  a  dry  i>ai)er  point  in  each  canal,  and  moisten  the  points  with 
solution  just  made. 

Allow  to  remain  in  canal  3  to  5  minutes. 

Remove  points,  again  carry  dry  points  into  canal,  and  moisten  with 
eugenol  and  seal  with  temporai-y  stopping  for  24  hours. 

Note:  In  case  unreduced  AgNOs  should  be  carried  beyond  the 
apex,  extreme  soreness  will  follow.  Therefore,  paper  points  should 
be  carefully  placed.  A  canal  should  never  be  filled  immediately  after 
AgNOs  reduction  in  order  to  be  sure  no  irritation  has  been  set  up. 

Anterior  Teeth  Showing  Periapical  Destruction 

Where  considerable  destruction  of  the  pericementum  has  occurred 
in  anterior  teeth,  it  has  been  found  highly  satisfactory  to  resort  to 
apectomy  immediately  following  complete  sealing  of  the  canal.  Com- 
plete bone  regenerations  have  occurred  in  all  cases  where  the  canal 
tilling  was  perfectly  condensed. 

President  Jaclson-: 

I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Rickert  again  for  his  splendid  addresses. 

Dr.  John  Wheeler  is  recognized  at  this  time  to  make  an  an- 
nouncement regarding  the  meeting  of  the  Resolutions  Com- 
mittee. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler,  Greensboro: 

I  want  the  Resolutions  Committee  to  meet  me  here  imme- 
diately following  the  program  this  morning,  for  a  few  minutes. 
So  that  you  will  know  who  you  are,  I  will  read  the  names  of 
the  members  of  the  Committee :  P.  R.  Falls,  F.  O.  Alford,  A.  T. 
Jeanette,  and  W.  L.  McRae,  and  J.  Martin  Fleming. 

Jresident  Jackson: 

We  are  very  sorry  that  Dr.  Dement's  train  was  late  this  morn- 
ing. Dr.  Rickert  very  kindly  consented  to  exchange  time  wdth 
him,  and  Dr.  Dement  has  just  arrived.  We  wall  ask  Dr.  J.  A. 
Sinclair  to  introduce  him. 

Dr.  J.  A.  Sinclair,  Asheville: 

Mr.  President,  ladies  and  gentlemen  :  After  listening  to  Dr. 
Rickert  deliver  his  splendid  address,  I  will  not  discourse  on 
diagnosis  and  focal  infection.  He  has  simplified  to  a  great 
extent  that  question.  Perhaps  some  of  you  who  have  recently 
read  Dr.  Kizer's  article  in  the  American  Journal  on  his  proce- 


70  liulletin   yorfh    Carolina  Denial  Sociefij 

dure  in  the  treatment  of  periodontal  lesions,  you  would  think 
perhaps  it  is  a  most  complicated  treatment,  and  that  perhaps 
it  is  not  worth  while  to  attempt  it.  I  assure  you  that  we  have 
today  a  man  who  is  well  qualified  to  present  this  subject.  He 
is  President  of  the  Southern  Academy  of  Periodontia,  and  has 
been  for  several  years.  I  am  sure  he  will  give  each  and  every 
one  of  you  a  most  complete  simplified  treatment  of  periodontal 
lesions.  We  are  fortunate  in  having  Bob  Dement  with  us  today 
and  if  you  will  pay  strict  attention,  he  Avill  simplify  things.  It 
is  a  great  pleasure  to  present  to  you  Dr.  Dement.  (xVpplause.) 

Dr.  Robert  L.  Demerit,  D.D.S.,  Atlanta,  Georgia: 

Mr.  President  and  Dr.  Sinclair,  ladies  and  gentlemen  :  I  am 
sorry  I  am  late  this  morning.  I  guess  I  owe  you  an  apology  to 
begin  with,  but  if  you  have  a  croAv  to  pick,  pick  it  with  the 
Southern  Railroad  and  not  with  me.  I  was  on  time,  but  they 
were  not.  We  left  Atlanta  last  night  five  minutes  late.  We 
got  into  Greensboro  this  morning  an  hour  late,  and  when  I  got 
there  they  said  I  could  get  here  as  quickly  on  a  train  as  I  could 
by  automobile,  and  I  took  the  train.    Here  I  am,  very  late. 

The  program  sets  forth  the  subject  of  "Periodontia"  and  that 
is  too  broad  to  go  into  in  the  time  allotted  to  me.  To  my  mind, 
one  of  the  most  outstanding  subjects  that  conies  under  this 
head,  is  that  of  Traumatic  Occlusion.  I  have  limited  my  paper 
to  that  subject,  and  I  hope  that  this  change  is  entirely  satis- 
factory. 

TRAUMATIC  OCCLUSION 

In  approachiniti  the  subject  chosen  for  this  paper  it  is  witli  tlie 
realization  that  it  is  a  point  iu  tlie  practice  of  dentistry  which  is 
receiviu.i^  more  and  more  attention  from  tlie  general  practitioner,  as 
well  as  from  those  who  specialize  in  the  various  branches,  and  which 
has  become  a  debatable  subject  with  many. 

There  are  those  wlio  believe  Traumatic  Occlusion  to  be  a  result  of 
Periodontoclasia,  and  there  are  also  those  who  are  just  as  thoroughly 
convinced  that  Traumatic  Occlusion  is  the  cause  of  Periodontoclasia. 
Regardless  as  to  whicli  came  first,  "the  chicken  or  the  egg,"  Trau- 
matic Occlusion  is  going  to  be  with  us  as  long  as  we  practice  den- 
tistrj',  in  any  of  its  branches,  and  it  is  a  condition  to  be  reckoned 
with  if  we  are  to  practice  successfully.  There  is  liardly  an  operation 
upon  the  teeth  which  does  not  have  a  direct  bearing  uix)n  the  occlusal 
relationship — Orthodontia,  Exodontia,  fillings,  occlusal  and  inter- 
proximal ;  bridgework  t)f  all  kinds,  and  the  natural  wear  of  the 
teeth. 

For  a  number  of  years,  wlien  patients  have  presented  with  teeth 
slightly  loose,  and  .suffering  from  trauma  in  their  relationship  with 


Containing  the  Proceedings  71 

the  antagonizing  teeth,  it  has  been  considered  good  i>ractice  to  grind 
them  until  this  excessive  stress  was  relieved,  and  the  tooth  put  at 
rest,  but  not  until  the  great  work  of  Dr.  Paul  R.  Stillman  and  Dr. 
John  O.  McCall,  of  New  York,  on  Traumatic  Occlusion,  about  twelve 
or  fourteen  years  ago,  did  we  begin  to  realize  the  importance  of 
an  early   recognition   and   relieving  of  this  condition. 

AYhat   is   Traumatic    Occlusion? 

In  "Clinical  Periodontoclasia,"  published  by  Stillman  and  McCall, 
the  definition  for  Traumatic  Occlusion  is  given  as  "an  abnormal 
occlusal  stress  which  is  capable  of  producing,  or  has  produced,  an 
injury  to  the  Periodontium,"  or  the  supporting  structures  of  the 
teeth.  In  all  of  my  reading  and  study,  I  have  not  been  able  to  find 
a  better  definition.  The  blood  supply  to  the  pericementum,  or  peri- 
dental membrane,  comes  through  minute  capillaries  given  off  from 
the  gingiva,  alveolar  process,  and  apical  vessels.  When  there  is  an 
excessive  stress  placed  on  a  tooth,  or  teeth,  and  this  stress  is  allowed 
to  remain  indefinitely,  the  supporting  structures  of  the  teeth  become 
infiamed,  as  a  result  of  this  irritation,  and  the  tone  of  the  tissue 
being  lowered,  the  bacteria,  common  to  so-called  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris, 
always  present  in  the  mouth,  invade  the  tissues,  overpower  the 
forces  of  resistance  and  as  a  result  there  is  a  breaking  down  of  the 
tissue,  a  pus  formation,  and  we  have  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris,  or  what 
some  refer  to  as  Pericementoclasia. 

Another  very  common  and  annoying,  as  well  as  painful  condition 
occurring  in  many  teeth,  from  Traumatic  Occlusion,  is  a  sensitive- 
ness at  the  cervical  border.  There  are  many  cases  where  a  very 
pronounced  trauma  may  exist  which  will  not  present  this  condition 
of  sensitiveness,  but  where  sdch  a  condition  does  exist,  it  is  wise 
to  examine  for  Traumatic  Occlusion,  as  a  probable  cause.  There 
have  been  many  cases  of  sensitiveness  treated  with  silver  nitrate, 
formalin,  ammonium  bifluorids  compound,  or  something  of  the  sort, 
then  there  has  been  a  recurrence  of  the  sensitiveness  on  account  of 
failure  in  diagnosis.  In  relieving  Traumatic  Occlusion  in  these 
cases,  the  irritation  is  removed  and  sensitiveness  disappears,  without 
the  use  of  any  of  the  agencies  so  commonly  used  to  cauterize  the 
minute  nerve  filaments  in  the  tooth  structure. 

The  type  of  Periodontoclasia  known  as  Alveoloclasia,  has  as  its 
primary  etiological  factor  Traumatic  Occlusion.  The  tooth  may  be- 
come extremely  loose  on  account  of  the  absori)tion  of  the  inner  wall 
and  crest  of  the  Alveolus,  due  to  the  constant  irritation,  or  excessive 
pressure  from  the  opposing  tooth,  or  teeth,  without  having  lesions 
or  pus  pockets  to  form,  but  after  relieving  this  pressure  by  grinding 
off  the  high  spots  and  putting  the  tooth  at  rest  (like  putting  a 
broken  arm  in  a  sling),  it  soon  becomes  tight  and  useful,  and  if  the 
adjustment  is  made  carefully,  the  tooth  may  remain  indefinitely  and 
serve  the  owner  well.  1  have  seen  some  of  these  cases  where  the 
teeth  would  have  an  easy  movement  of  over  a  sixteenth  of  an  inch 
or  more,  and  then  after  proi>er  adjustment,  would  be  as  tight  and 
firm  as  any  otlier  tooth,  and  even  be  used  successfully  for  bridge 
abutments. 


72  BuUeiin  North   Carolina  Dental  Society 

This  daj'  aud  time,  wlien  there  are  so  many  men  in  the  dental 
profession,  tsiking  the  oral  diagnosis  of  the  physician  and  extracting 
teeth  because  they  are,  commonly  called,  "dead,"  and  because  the 
physician  advises  that  the  tootli  be  removed,  instead  of  making  his 
own  diagnosis,  we  should  be  very  careful  to  test  the  vitality  of  the 
tooth  showing  a  rarified  area  at  the  ai^ex,  where  there  is  no  indica- 
tion of  a  root  canal  tilling.  Very  often  we  And  these  areas  resulting 
from  Traumatic  Occlusion,  and  if  the  occlusion  is  relieved,  the  area 
will  clear  up  and  show  a  normal  condition  in  sixty  or  ninety  days. 
I  have  had  many  patients  with  such  areas  to  clear  up  perfectly  and 
remain  so. 

A  very  interesting  case  presented  recently  at  my  office  of  a  man 
about  forty-five  years  of  age.  He  was  short  in  stature,  and  had  a 
very  heavy  bite.  He  was  complaining  of  a  severe  pain  in  the  molar 
region  of  the  lower  left  side.  On  examination,  I  discovered  an  alloy 
filling  recently  placed  on  the  buccal  side  of  the  third  molar,  but  after 
questioning  the  patient,  eliminated  the  tilling  as  a  possible  cause. 
The  gingival  tissues  appeared  very  healthy,  and  from  the  i)eriodou- 
tium  there  was  nothing  to  indicate  trouble,  so  to  begin  with,  we 
radiographed  this  area,  to  see  what  we  might,  or  might  not  find. 
On  examination  of  the  radiograph,  we  discovered  a  pronounced  thick- 
ening of  the  pericementum  at  the  apex  of  the  third  molar.  Realizing 
these  areas  might  occur  on  teeth  suffering  from  non-occlusion,  as  well 
as  those  in  Traumatic  Occlusion,  we  tested  digitally,  to  see  if  we 
could  detect  any  movement  of  the  tooth  when  the  teeth  were  brought 
together,  and  then  marked  the  relationship  of  the  teeth  with  articu- 
lating paper.  There  were  no  facets  worn  on  the  teeth  (the  occlusion 
in  this  area,  in  fact,  all  over  the  mouth,  had  been  adjusted  about 
three  years  previously),  but  since  there  was  a  missing  first  molar, 
which  had  not  been  replaced  by  a  bridge,  the  teeth  had  drifted  aud 
the  upper  third  molar  was  driving  the  lower  third  distally  and  also 
heavily  into  its  alveolus.  To  avoid  removing  more  tooth  structure 
than  was  absolutely  necessary,  we  proceeded  to  grind  very  carefully, 
removing  a  small  amount  at  a  time.  After  the  first  grinding,  the 
patient  said  it  felt  better,  and  he  believed  that  was  the  cause  of  the 
trouble.  A  few  days  later,  he  came  back  reporting  more  pain,  but 
not  as  severe.  AVe  ground  a  little  more,  and  then  on  a  later  visit, 
a  little  more  and  more  again.  He  is  now  comfortable  and  thankful 
he  did  not  have  to  lose  the  tooth. 

Food-wedging  is  one  of  the  most  potent  irritants  the  Periodontist 
has  to  deal  with  in  tl>e  treatment  of  vertical,  or  complex,  perio- 
dontitis, or  Periodontoclasia.  This  condition  is  brought  about  by  teeth 
being  driven  apart,  at  the  contact  point,  during  mastication,  by  a 
tooth  or  teeth  in  the  opposing  arch.  This  results  not  only  in  an 
injury  to  the  gingival  tissue  in  the  interproximal  space  from  the 
wedging  of  food,  but  also  causes  an  injury  to  the  entire  periodontium 
of  the  tooth  or  teeth.  Bj'  properly  adjusting  the  occlusal  relationship, 
this  food-wedging  can  very  often  be  relieved,  but  at  times,  when  teeth 
have  lost  much  of  their  alveolar  support,  we  find  adjusting  occlusion 
insulficient,  and  inlays,  even  interlocking  inlays,  have  to  be  re- 
sorted to. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  73 

Causes   of   Traumatic   Occlusion 

Traumatic  Occlusion,  through  irritation,  produces  a  lowering  of 
tissue  tone  throughout  the  i>eriotloutium  of  the  tooth,  and  thus  invites 
an  invasion  of  the  pyogenic  organisms.  These  organisms  are  found 
in  the  human  mouth  at  about  six  hours  of  age  and  are  present 
throughout  life.  It  matters  not  how  hard  we  try,  these  organisms 
cannot  be  eliminated  from  the  mouth,  but  will  remain  there,  ever 
awaiting  an  opiwrtunity  to  invade  and  break  down  the  tis^-ues. 

Traumatic  Occlusion  may  be  produced  in  several  ways:  (1)  By 
mal-occlusion,  teeth  striking  at  an  incorrect  angle.  (.2)  Inharmonious 
wear,  which  results  from  the  character  of  food  eaten  this  day  and 
time,  and  the  way  we  use  our  teeth.  (3)  Drifting,  after  extraction  or 
from  wearing  of  contact  points.  (4)  Restorative  defects,  such  as 
tilliugs,  crowns,  bridges,  and  dentures,  failing  in  an  harmonious 
occlusal  relation  with  the  opposing  teeth.  (5)  Abnormal  cogenital 
tooth  form,  abnormal  shape  of  occluding  surfaces,  abnormal  position 
or  number  of  cusps.     (6)    Habits  of  occlusion. 

How  TO  Detect  Traumatic  Occlusiox 

Up  until  the  time  Drs.  Stillman  and  McCall  did  their  outstanding 
^vork  on  Traumatic  Occlusion,  we  only  recognized  this  condition 
where  a  tooth  moved  perceptibly  in  the  socket,  but  now  we  endeavor 
to  prevent  such  conditions  by  early  recognition  and  correction  of 
occlusal  defects. 

There  are  several  aids  to  the  detection  of  Traumatic  Occlusion, 
^■uch  as,  X-ray,  transillumination,  facet  formation,  study  models,  roll- 
ing of  gingival  margin,  etc.  The  X-ray  and  transillumination  will 
show  the  thickening  of  the  pericementum  and  maybe,  in  extreme 
cases,  the  rarified  areas  at  the  apices  of  teeth.  These  conditions  are 
then  to  be  checked,  as  you  would  facet-formation,  by  digital  exami- 
nation. In  making  the  digital  test,  the  index  linger  of  the  right 
hand  is  allowed  to  rest  very  lightly  across  two  or  more  teeth,  as  a 
rule,  in  the  upi>er  arch,  so  as  not  to  come  in  contact  with  the  teeth 
of  the  opposing  arch.  The  arches  are  brought  together  three  or  four 
times  in  rapid  succession,  with  a  snap,  and  the  tooth  suffering  from 
Traumatic  Occlusion  will  be  moved  out  of  line,  more  or  less,  by  the 
impact.  This  reveals  to  the  operator  the  tooth  receiving  the  excessive 
stress,  but  it  does  not  indicate  where  the  tooth,  or  teeth,  should  be 
ground  to  relieve  the  stress.  The  articulating  paper  is  then  placed 
between  the  teeth  in  question  and  the  patient  asked  to  close  tightly, 
and  if  necessary,  rub  the  teeth  together  with  a  very  slight  movement 
of  the  mandible.  This  marks  the  ix)int  where  the  teeth  are  coming 
in  contact  and  from  a  knowledge  of  mechanics,  the  operator  de- 
termines the  point,  or  i>oiuts,  to  be  ground  for  relief. 

In  some  cases  the  presence  of  Traumatic  Occlusion  may  be  detected 
macroscopically,  that  is  when  the  teeth  are  brought  Ajgcther  with 
a  snap,  the  tooth  or  teeth  are  driven  out  of  line  in  the  arch  and  it 
is  very  easily  seen. 

In  the  normal  gingival  tissue  there  is  an  even  contour  from  the 
buccal  fold  to  the  gingival  border,  the  marginal  gingiva  terminating 
in   a  knife-like  edge  which  clings  closely  to  the  tootli.    The  color  of 


74  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

the  ginjjival  tissue  runs  from  a  deep  piuk,  at  the  buccal  fold,  to  a 
pale  piuk  in  the  alveolar,  cemeutal  and  marginal  gingiva.  When 
Traumatic  Occlusion  begins,  the  gingival  tissue,  on  account  of  the 
irritation,  becomes  inflamed  and  there  is  noted,  in  the  marginal 
gingiva,  a  rounding  of  the  border,  or  what  is  sometimes  referred  to 
as  a  "bellying  out"  of  the  gingival  border.  This  is  one  of  the  early 
signs  of  Traumatic  Occlusion,  and,  along  with  facet  formation  is  an 
indication  that  treatment  should  be  begun  for  its  relief  before 
periodontal  lesions  begin,  and  the   tooth  becomes  loose. 

How  TO  Relieve  Traumatic  Occlusion 

The  maxilla,  mandible,  teeth,  tongue,  cheeks  and  lips  form  the 
masticating  mechanism  and  since  this  is  a  piece  of  machinery,  we 
must  be  mechanics  or  understand  mechanical  principles  in  order  that 
we  might  properly  adjust  the  machine.  I  can  think  of  no  other 
operation  in  dentistry  which  requires  more  painstaking  care,  with 
patience  and  perseverance,  than  does  the  adjusting  of  the  occlusal 
relationship.  There  is  no  operation  in  dentistry  which  is  fraught 
with  more  danger  to  the  masticating  mechanism  than  the  operation 
of  adjusting  the  occlusal  relation. 

There  are  three  different  ways  of  adjusting  the  occlusal  relation- 
ship :  With  orthodontia  appliances ;  building  up  or  opening  the  bite 
with  crowns,  inlays  and  bridges,  or  by  grinding  the  teeth  into 
proper  adjustment.    In  some  cases  all  three  can  be  used  to  advantage. 

In  grinding,  after  getting  study  models,  where  necessary,  and 
studying  the  conditions  to  determine  the  mechanics  of  the  case ;  with 
articulating  paper,  the  contacting  points  between  the  teeth  in  the 
arches  are  marked  to  determine  the  exact  point,  or  points,  to  be 
relieved. 

In  grinding,  we  use  slow-cutting  small  stones,  unless  there  is  quite 
a  bulk  of  tooth  structure  to  be  removed,  to  avoid  over-grinding.  The 
grinding  is  done  under  a  stream  of  water  to  avoid  pain  from  over- 
heating. The  stones  are  kept  moving  constantly  in  order  that  we  might 
not  grind  to  flat  surfaces,  but  keep  the  surface  contoured.  At  all  times, 
try  to  maintain  correct  anatomical  form  of  the  tooth  on  mesial, 
buccal,  distal  and  lingual  for  proper  food  deflection,  and  on  the 
occlusal  surface  for  proper  food  escapement.  After  the  use  of 
stones  the  teeth  should  be  ix)lished  thoroughly  with  very  fine  polish- 
ing discs,  and  finished  with  Burlew  wheels  in  order  to  maintain  a 
more  smooth  and  comfortable  action  of  the  teeth  in  mastication 
during  the  various  oscillating  movements   of  the  mandible. 

Since  it  takes  five  millimeters  of  wear  in  the  region  of  the  central 
incisors  to  compensate  for  one  millimeter  of  wear  in  the  region  of  the 
third  molar,  it  is  advisable  to  begin  adjusting  of  the  occlusal  relation- 
ship with  the  six  anteriors  and  gradually  work  back  to  the  posterior 
teeth.  Relieving  the  stress  in  centric  occlusion  first,  then  in  eccentric 
occlusion.  There  is  comparatively  little  pressure  exerted  in  eccentric 
occlusion,  but  in  centric  occlusion  some  investigators  have  estimated 
that  the  average  person  exerts  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds, 
or  more,  in  the  region  of  the  anterior  teeth,  to  three  hundred  pounds, 
or   more,   in   the  region  of   the   third   molar,   so   the   injury   to   the 


Containing  the  Proceedings  75 

periodoutium,  Avlieve  traumatic  occlusion  exists,  in  centric  occlusion, 
is  much  greater  and  should  be  very  thoroughly  balanced. 

In  relieving  occlusion  in  the  anterior,  where  the  posterior  teeth 
are  present,  and  with  a  normal  over-bite,  there  should  be  enough 
space,  or  over-jet,  between  the  upper  and  lower  teeth,  when  the 
arches  are  brought  together  in  normal  centric  occlusion,  to  pass  a 
strip  of  ordinary  writing  paper  without  tearing.  On  the  various 
excursive  movements  of  the  mandible,  if  possible,  relieve  all  tripping 
of  anterior  teeth.  In  grinding  the  anterior  teeth  all  of  the  spot 
marked  by  the  articulating  paper  is  ground,  while  in  the  posterior 
of  the  mouth,  the  grinding  is  done,  as  a  rule,  on  the  margin  of  the 
marks  and  in  a  way  to  relieve  binding  of  fiat  surface  against  flat 
surface.  In  other  words,  we  endeavor  to  restore  the  normal  contour 
of  the  cusps  or  occlusal  surface  and  produce  an  easy,  harmonious 
action  in  mastication. 

After  adjusting  the  relationship  as  closely  as  possible  in  this  way, 
with  ordinary  pink  base  plate  wax,  softened  slightly  with  hot  water, 
have  the  patient  bite  into  it,  using  quite  a  bit  of  pressure.  Where 
the  teeth  are  striking  hardest,  the  wax  will  be  perforated,  then  by 
checking  back  with  thin  articulating  paper,  these  spots  may  be 
marked  and  by  checking  spots  with  wax,  we  may  determine  exactly 
where  to  polish  for  a  complete  finishing  of  the  case. 

In  some  very  difficult  cases  it  is  also  recommended  that  pumice 
be  incorporated  in  chewing  gum  and  have  the  patients  do  their  own 
grinding.  The  objection  found  to  this,  is  the  danger  of  wearing  more 
facets,  and  the  Lord  didn't  intend  having  flat  surfaces  working 
against  each  other  in  mastication,  but  instead,  the  surfaces  are  sup- 
posed to  be  round,  or  somewhat  contoured. 

After  thoroughly  adjusting  the  occlusion,  leaving  the  tooth  sur- 
faces well  polished,  the  condition  should  be  checked  from  time  to 
time,  especially  for  the  flrst  year,  as  there  will  be  a  slight  drifting, 
more  than  likely,  and  it  may  be  necessary  to  readjust  slightly  in  a 
few  spots.  Then  the  relationship  should  be  checked  at  less  frequent 
intervals  since  there  is  bound  to  be  wear  and  drifting  going  on  all 
of  the  time. 

I   thank  you.      (Applause.) 

President  Jackson: 

I  thank  you,  Dr.  Dement,  for  this  sj)lendid  presentation. 

Mr.  Russell  M.  Grumman  was  recognized  and  made  some 
announcements  on  behalf  of  the  Entertainment  Committee. 

We  are  running  thirty  minutes  behind,  due  to  no  fault  of 
ours.  You  will  go  immediately  to  the  clinics.  Those  clinics 
will  progress  every  thirty  minutes.  This  afternoon  at  two 
o'clock  you  will  have  the  progressive  clinics  again.  Be  on  time 
at  those  clinics,  and  give  the  clinicians  a  chance  to  present  their 
clinics  orderly.  Dr.  John  is  located  in  up  stairs  room  number 
nine.    Dr.  Holliday  is  in  the  rehearsal  room  as  you  go  out  of 


1458 


76  BuJletin  North  CaroUyia  Denial  Society 

the  auditorium.    Dr.  Crafford  is  on  the  other  side  of  the  hall. 

The  House  of  Delegates  meets  at  twelve  o'clock,  in  the  audi- 
torium. Be  here  for  that  meeting,  by  all  means.  You  will  go 
to  the  clinics. 

The  meeting  adjourned  at  11 :30  o'clock,  a.m.,  Wednesday, 
June  7,  1933. 


SECOND  DAY— WEDNESDAY,  JUNE  7,  1933 

Meeting  of  House  of  Delegates 

The  meeting  of  the  House  of  Delegates  was  called  to  order  at 
12  :00  o'clock  noon,  by  President  Jackson. 

President  Jachson: 

The  House  of  Delegates  will  please  come  to  order.  What  is 
your  pleasure?  Are  there  any  committees  to  report?  Has  any- 
body anything  to  oiler? 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie,  Raleigh: 

I  would  like  to  read  the  report  of  my  committee.  This  is 
the  report  of  the  Extension  Course  Committee. 

REPORT  OF  EXTENSION  COURSE  COMMITTEE 

On  account  of  the  unprecedented  economic  conditions,  tliere  have 
been  no  activities  on  the  part  of  the  Extension  Course  Committee. 

We  recommend  that  a  similar  committee  be  appointed  for  the 
coming  year  for  we  are  of  the  opinion  tliat  something  worth  while 
can,  later  on,  be  developed. 

E.   B.   HowLE,   Chairman. 
J.  M.  Johnson, 

D.  F.  Keel, 

A.  H.  Fleming, 

E.  A.  Branch. 

Dr.  Z.  L.  Edwards,  Washington: 
I  move  that  the  report  be  accepted. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett,  Asheville: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  '?< 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie: 

It  has  come  to  my  attention  that  some  of  the  secretaries  of 
the  districts  feel  that  some  of  the  members  who  have  been  de- 
prived of  their  membership  by  reason  of  nonpayment  of  dues 
could  be  persuaded  to  come  back  into  the  Society  provided  we 
offered  them  some  inducement  to  come  back,  and  I  would  like 
to  make  a  motion  that  the  secretaries  of  the  various  districts 
be  appointed  as  a  committee  to  look  into  the  matter  and  report 
back  to  the  next  meeting  of  this  body  their  findings  for  action 
at  that  time. 

Dr.  C.  T.  ^Yells,  Canton: 
I  second  the  motion. 

President  Jackson: 

Is  there  any  discussion? 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette,  Washington: 

This  is  the  report  of  the  Eesolutions  Committee.  First  I  want 
to  read  you  a  letter  written  to  Dr.  Pridgen  by  Dr.  H.  E. 
Friesell : 

UNIVERSITY    OF   PITTSBURGH 

School  of  Dentistky 

Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania 

Office  of  the  Dean  ,r       n   -ioqq 

May  9,  IdSd. 

Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen, 

Secretary  North  Carolina  Dental  Society, 

Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

Dear  Dr.  Pridgen:  .,.  ^    ■,       ,      ,. 

The  Commission  on  Medical  Education  recently  published  a  book 

with   which   you   are  no   doubt  familiar.    It  devoted   two   pages   to 

dentistry  and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  dentistry  should  be  de- 
veloped under  medical  education. 

I  am  enclosiug  copy  of  a  resolution  passed  by  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Dental  Society  last  week,  covering  this  matter.  A  resolution 
similar  in  purport  was  recently  passed  by  the  Dental  Educational 
Council  and  also  the  American  Association  of  Dental  Schools  at  its 
Chicago  meeting.  The  dental  profession  should  respond  to  this 
unfounded  attitude  of  certain  representatives  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession, and  I  think  it  would  be  well  if  you  could  have  a  similar 
resolution  adopted  by  the  North  Carolina  State  Dental  Society  which 
I  understand  meets  at  Chapel  Hill  about  the  second  week  m  .June. 


78  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

If  you  can't  do  this  yourself,  would  you  turn  it  over  to  someone  else 
and  see  that  it  is  acted  upon? 

If  your  Society  does  act  favorably  upon  it,  I  can  furnish  you  with 
the  addresses  of  the  various  Deans  and  other  authorities  mentioned 
in  the  resolution  to  whom  copies  of  your  State  Society's  action  should 
be  sent. 

Cordially  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  E.  Fkiesell. 

We  have  liere  a  formal  resolution.    I  will  read  it. 

Whereas,  a  commission  representing  the  Association  of  American 
Medical  Colleges,  and  known  as  the  Commission  on  Medical  Educa- 
tion, which  has  been  conducting  a  study  of  medical  education,  has 
published  in  book  form  a  "Final  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Medi- 
cal Education,"  and 

Whereas,  on  pages  216-217  of  said  Final  ReiX)rt  the  Commission 
records  its  opinions  that  "dentistry  should  be  developed  under 
medical  education,"  and 

Whereas,  no  evidence  is  available  of  any  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
Commission  to  discuss  this  subject  with  an  existing  similar  com- 
mission, known  as  "The  Committee  on  Survey  of  the  Dental  Curricu- 
lum," with  the  American  Association  of  Dental  Schools,  or  with  any 
authoritative  body,  interested  in  and  familiar  with,  dental  education 
or   "dentistrj%"   and 

Whereas,  the  conclusions  of  the  Commission  on  Medical  Education 
concerning  dentistry  are  most  astonishing : 

Therefore,  be  it  Resolved,  that  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 
in  annual  session  convened  does  hereby  unanimously  disapprove  of 
the  actions  and  suggestions  of  the  Commission  on  Medical  Education, 
for  the  subjugation  of  the  dental  profession.  Such  suggestions  are 
neither  impressive  nor  persuasive ;  are  hopelessly  illogical,  would 
degrade  dentistry  and  demoralize  dental  service,  and 

Be  it  Further  Resolved,  that  copies  of  this  resolution  be  sent  to 
the  Council  on  Medical  Education  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, to  the  members  of  the  Commission  on  Medical  Education,  to 
the  American  Association  of  Dental  Schools,  and  to  the  deans  of  the 
medical  and  dental  schools  in  North  America,  and  to  leading  journals 
in  medicine,  dentistry,  and  other  health-service  professions. 

J.  H.  Wheeler, 
P.  R.  Falls, 
F.  O.  Alford, 
A.  T.  Jeanette, 
W.  L.  McRae. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler,  Greenslioro: 

Do  you  want  to  act  on  these  items  individually  or  hear  them 
all  first? 

President  Jaclson: 

We  had  better  act  on  them  separately. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  79 

Dr.  J.  E.  Wheeler: 

Your  committee  recommends  t]ie  adoption  of  tliat  form  that 
Dr.  Jeanette  has  just  read.  Dr.  Guy  has  expressed  that  in  one 
sentence  that  tells  the  whole  story.  He  says,  "Independence  with 
inter-dependence."  There  is  no  reason  under  the  shining  sun  at 
this  late  day,  after  spending  years  building  up  a  profession, 
we  should  have  to  come  in  and  take  a  part  of  our  education 
from  them.  You  all  know  Dr.  Guy.  The  two  professions  have 
been  developed  separately,  realizing  they  are  dependent  one 
upon  the  other.  I  see  absolutely  no  reason  why  we  should  con- 
form to  the  recommendations  of  the  report  placing  us  in  subjec- 
tion in  any  way  to  training  from  the  medical  profession.  I  move 
the  adoption  of  the  resolution. 

President  Jachson: 

You  have  heard  the  motion.   Is  there  any  discussion  ? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming,  Raleigh: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  unanimously  adopted. 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette: 

I  have  here  a  letter  from  the  American  Dental  Association 
to  Dr.  Pridgen.    The  letter  is  as  follows: 

March  10,  1933. 

Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen, 
Fayetteville,  North  Carolina. 
Dear  Doctor  Pridgen : 

The  Organization  and  Membership  Committee  recently  held  its 
first  meeting  to  further  discuss  the  membership  plan  adopted  by  the 
House  of  Delegates  at  the  Buffalo  meeting.  A  copy  of  this  plan  was 
sent  you  some  time  ago  in  order  that  you  might  become  acquainted 
with  the  details  of  it.  While  the  plan  appears  lengthy  and  complicated 
its  actual  operation  is  quite  simple. 

We  wish  to  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  a  standing  resolu- 
tion covering  your  participation  in  the  membership  contest  will  be 
just  as  effective  as  an  amendment  to  your  constitution  and  by-laws. 
Some  of  the  states  prefer  to  use  such  a  resolution  rather  than  to 
change  their  constitutions. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  know  of  any  further  action  taken  by  your 
State  in  regard  to  the  membership  plan. 

With   kindest   regards, 

Sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  B.  Pinney, 
Secretary,  Organization  and,  Membership  Committee. 


80  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

Mr.  President,  I  have  read  that  plan,  and  I  believe  the  sixteen 
pages  can  be  boiled  down  to  this :  If  I  make  an  error,  somebody 
correct  me.  This  is  a  contest  for  members  in  the  American 
Dental  Association.  They  have  not  yet  decided  just  how  this 
contest  will  be  conducted.  It  is  possible  that  they  will  divide 
the  members  of  the  American  Dental  Association  into  two  sec- 
tions. One  section  will  consist  of  those  societies  having  five 
hundred  members  and  over.  The  other  will  have  five  hundred 
or  less,  but  the  scaling  of  the  points  will  be  judged  according 
to  a  pro  rata  membership  basis.  For  instance,  North  Carolina 
has  five  hundred  members.  If  New  York  has  five  thousand 
members,  and  North  Carolina  should  gain  one  hundred  and 
New  York  two  hundred,  North  Carolina  would  far  exceed 
New  York  in  the  prorata  membership  gain.  The  idea  of  this 
is  that  they  want  this  done  and  done  right  away  if  we  are  going 
to  do  it,  which  I  feel  sure  we  will.  If  you  are  going  to  make 
a  resolution,  the  resolution  can  be  nullified  at  any  time.  If  we 
make  it  as  an  amendment  to  the  constitution,  it  will  have  to 
lay  over  for  a  year  before  anything  can  be  done.  The  American 
would  like  to  have  action  right  away.  I  think  that  the  plan 
contemplates  that  any  new  members  coming  in  will  not  be 
charged  any  dues  for  the  first  year.  Suppose  we  get  thirty  and 
suppose  we  lose  fifteen  of  that  thirty.  That  leaves  us  with  a 
gain  of  fifteen.  I  think  the  plan  is  worth  while.  I  do  not  knoAv 
just  what  our  membership  is,  but  I  do  know  that  approximately 
fifty  per  cent  of  the  men  practicing  dentistry  in  the  State  are 
members  of  this  Society.  If  we  can  get  half  of  the  other  fifty 
per  cent,  you  see  what  it  would  mean  to  us.  If  we  can  build  up 
the  membership  of  the  Society,  then  I  think  we  ought  to  carry 
out  Dr.  Howie's  motion.  The  committee  recommends  the  adop- 
tion of  the  resolution  to  follow  the  American  plan. 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette: 

Dr.  Wheeler,  could  I  interrupt  here?  I  wanted  to  make  it 
clear  that  you  recommended  the  adoption  of  a  resolution  rather 
than  doing  this  by  changing  the  by-laws?  I  believe  that  would 
come  in  the  same  thing  you  were  talking  about.  We  submit  that 
to  the  House  of  Delegates. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  81 

RESOLUTION 

Whereas :  The  American  Dental  Association  by  formal  action  of 
the  House  of  Delegates  in  annual  session,  assembled  September  12- 
16,  1932,  adopted  a  definite  plan  to  increase  and  maintain  its  mem- 
bership and  that  of  its  Constituent  State  Societies ;  and 

Whereas :  The  House  of  Delegates  adopted  the  necessary  amend- 
ments to  the  Constitutional  and  Administrative  By-Laws  of  the 
American  Dental  Association  to  provide  for  a  Standing  Committee 
on  Organization  and  Membership  to  direct  the  operations  of  this 
plan  which  involves  the  establishment  of  an  annual  membership 
contest  between  the  Constituent  State  Dental  Societies  (as  shown 
by  the  description  of  the  plan  herewith  attached)  ;  and  also,  provides 
a  method  of  coordinating  all  of  the  Dental  Colleges,  the  Boards  of 
Dental  Examiners  and  Constituent  Dental  Societies  of  all  the  States 
with  the  Home  Office  of  the  American  Dental  Association  to  make 
the  membership  plan  efCective;  and 

Whereas  :  The  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  is  a  duly  authorized 
constituent  state  unit  of  the  American  Dental  Association  and  is 
favorable  to  any  constructive  measures  that  will  enhance  the  effec- 
tiveness of  organized  dentistry ;  Now  therefore  be  it 

Resolved :  That  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  in  annual  session 
assembled,  officially  approves  the  annual  membership  contest  plan  of 
the  American  Dental  Association  as  herewith  attached,  and  pledges 
the  loyal  cooi>eration  of  this  Society  to  a  successful  realization  of 
all  the  features  of  the  plan ;  and  be  it  further 

Resolved :  That  in  order  to  insure  the  effectiveness  of  the  co- 
operation of  this  Society  the  following  specific  items  are  recom- 
mended for  adoption : 

1.  That  necessary  admendments  to  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws 
of  this  Society  be  adopted  to  provide  for  the  cancellation  of  any 
membership  fee  and  the  remission  of  the  annual  dues  of  this  Society 
to  initially  licensed  dental  graduates  for  the  remainder  of  the  year 
of  issue,  of  the  dental  license  and  the  next  year  succeeding  the  year 
the  dental  license  is  issued,  and  that  the  district  component  societies 
of  this  Society  be  urged  to  cancel  their  membership  fees,  and  remit 
their  annual  dues  to  initially  licensed  dentists  for  a  like  period  of 
time. 

2.  That  the  Bulletin  of  this  Society  be  mailed  complimentary  to 
newly  licensed  dentists  for  a  period  of  time  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  this  Society. 

3.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  North  Carolina  State  Board  of  Dental 
p]xa miners  be  requested  to  annually  supply  a  complete  list  of  licensed 
dentists  practicing  dentistry  in  this  State,  and  also,  annually  supply 
a  complete  list  of  newly  licensed  dentists  immediately  after  the  dental 
licenses  have  been  issued,  to  the  General  Secretary  of  the  American 
Dental  Association,  and  to  the  Secretary  of  this  Society. 

4.  That  this  Society  establish  and  maintain  an  annual  member- 
ship contest  between  the  component  district  dental  societies  of  this 
State,  and  that  each  annual  membership  campaign  be  held  the  latter 
part  of  each  calendar  year.  Also,  that  this  membership  contest 
involve  the  same  factors  as  provided  for  in  the  national  membership 


82  Bulletin  North   Carolina  Dental  Socielj/ 

t'oati'st  iiiulcr  tlu'  auspices  of  the  American  Dental  Association,  viz.  : 
tbe  i>ercentajie  of  dentists  secured  witliin  tlie  time  limit  as  fixed  by 
tlie  officials  of  this  Society  and  the  official  representatives  of  the 
respective  district  component  dental  societies  of  tliis  State. 

5.  Tliat  this  Society  herewith  authorizes  an  annual  conference  of 
official  rei>resenta fives  of  its  district  component  societies  with  (tfflcials 
of  this  Society  to  insure  unity  of  action  in  the  annual  membership 
campaign. 

6.  That  established  dentists,  eligible  for  membership  be  given 
guest's  privileges  of  one  annual  meeting  of  this  Society  before  being 
solicited  to  become  members. 

7.  Tliat  a  list  of  newly  licensed  dentists  in  this  State  be  published 
each  year  in  the  official  Bulletin  of  this  Society  and  that  locations 
selected  for  practice  by  the  new  dentists  be  published  in  the  State 
Society  Bulletin  as  news  items. 

8.  That  a  list  of  the  district  comiwnent  societies  of  this  State 
arranged  in  the  order  of  their  percentage  standing  in  the  membership 
contest  be  published  in  each  issue  of  the  official  publication  of  this 
Society. 

9.  That  the  officials  of  this  Society  be  instructed  to  cooperate  in 
every  way  with  the  Committee  on  Organization  and  Membership  of 
the  American  Dental  Association  to  insure  the  success  of  the  annual 
membership  contest ;  and  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  this  Resolution  be  recorded  in  the  minutes  of  tliis 
Societ.v  and  a  copy  thereof  be  mailed  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Organization  and  Membership  of  the  American  Dental 
Association  at  the  Home  Office  in  Chicago. 

President  Jacl'son  : 

You  have  heard  the  recommendation  of  the  Resolutions  Com- 
mittee.   Is  there  any  further  discussion? 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 
I  move  its  adoption. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 
I  second  the  motion. 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford,  Charlotte: 

If  we  are  going  to  do  that,  take  in  men  not  members,  it  seems 
to  me  that  it  should  include  suspended  members. 

President  Jacl'son: 

The  doctor  made  a  motion  to  take  care  of  that.  It  will  be 
taken  in  mind. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  S3 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford: 

I  don't  think  it  is  right  to  take  in  a  man  never  a  member  of 
the  Society  or  paid  dues  to  the  Society  unless  you  make  some 
jDrovision  for  the  suspended  members  too. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

These  are  all  new  men  coming  out  of  college.  We  have  this 
point  of  contact  from  the  senior  year  in  college.  The  point  of 
contact  is  for  the  purpose  of  reaching  through  from  the  dental 
college  until  the  time  they  are  in  the  American  Dental  Asso- 
ciation. These  men  suspended,  I  do  not  see  that  they  are  entitled 
to  a  year's  dues. 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford: 

We  discussed  that  at  the  meeting  just  now.  I  understood  that 
would  include  all  the  men  practicing  in  the  State. 

President  Jachson : 

I  understand  it  includes  only  the  men  coming  out  of  dental 
college. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

I  understood  it  to  include  the  men  practicing  in  the  State 
who  have  never  been  members  of  the  Society. 

President  Jackson: 

I  made  a  study  of  it,  and  I  think  that  it  only  includes  the  new 
men  who  have  just  graduated.  The  dues  are  limited  to  the  first 
year,  the  remaining  part  of  this  year  and  next  year.  I  under- 
stand that  the  new  men  practicing  the  profession  will  be  taken 
into  the  Society.  These  men  are  coming  out  of  the  dental  col- 
leges every  year.  As  I  understand  it,  the  colleges  will  furnish 
the  names  to  the  State  societies  as  they  are  graduated,  and 
we  can  maintain  an  unbroken  chain  of  contact  from  the  dental 
school  on'  into  the  Society.  I  understand  this  is  for  the  new 
men. 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford: 

That  was  my  opinion.  We  decided  over  there  that  this  applied 
to  all  the  men  practicing.  That  is  in  accord  with  the  resolution 
we  prepared  and  tabled  last  year  for  action  at  this  meeting. 


84  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson: 

Just  what  does  that  year  iuchule?  Does  that  mean  that  those 
graduates  get  a  year's  dues  from  this  meeting,  or  just  what? 
Does  it  mean  for  fi^-e  or  seventeen  months? 

President  Jaclson: 

I  understand  that  they  are  to  be  accorded  membership  for 
the  remaining  part  of  this  year  and  for  next  year. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

Right  in  that  connection,  I  M'ant  to  find  out  this  :  Who  pays 
the  American  the  dues  for  next  year  for  those  men  we  are 
going  to  carry?  As  I  understand  the  proposition  as  presented 
on  the  floor  of  the  American  Dental  Association,  they  expect 
us  to  pay  the  dues  for  the  year.  They  are  asking  us  to  carry 
those  fellows  for  seventeen  months  while  they  only  carry  them 
for  six  months.  I  think  there  is  a  discrepancy  in  there,  and  we 
ought  to  check  into  that. 

President  Jack-son: 

It  is  not  exactly  clear,  the  whole  thing.  I  cannot  carry  the 
Avhole  thing  in  my  head.  If  these  are  carried  along,  should  the 
North  Carolina  Dental  Society  pay  the  dues  to  the  American, 
which  is  four  dollars?  Then  would  the  district  components 
remit  to  the  State  Society?  If  they  pay  the  four  dollars  which 
is  paid  them  for  the  Journal  and  membership  in  the  A.  D.  A., 
would  that  have  to  be  done  by  the  House  of  Delegates? 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones: 

We  are  obligated,  because  the  by-laws  say  we  have  to  have 
membership  in  the  J^orth  Carolina  Society  to  have  membership 
in  the  American. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Morton,  Winston-Salem: 

I  was  just  thinking  about  that.  We  ought  to  think  about  this : 
Have  we  a  right  to  do  away  with  our  Constitution  and  By-Laws 
by  resolution  when  we  drive  into  such  a  thing  Dr.  Paul  Jones 
is  talking  about  ?  We  can  do  that,  but  do  we  have  to  put  up 
four  dollars  to  carry  them  in  the  American,  when  the  American 
is   requesting  this   action? 


Containing  the  Proceedings^  85 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones: 

I  think  it  is  all  right  to  do  that  for  a  half  year,  if  that  is 
necessary,  but  I  do  feel  like  it  is  asking  too  much  of  us  if  they 
are  asking  us  to  pay  for  the  whole  seventeen  months. 

President  Jackson: 

I  am  frank  to  tell  you  that  I  do  not  believe  the  House  of 
Delegates  will  do  it. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

You  have  a  motion  to  accept  that.  I  will  make  a  motion  that 
the  details  be  left  to  the  Executive  Committee  because  we  won't 
get  into  a  controversy  like  that. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  naotion  stated  and  discussed.  Is  there 
any  further  discussion?    (Pause.) 

The  motion  was  carried. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  move  that  the  details  of  the  working  out  of  the  plan  be  left 
to  the  Executive  Committee  but  let  them  know  we  are  opposed 
to  carrying  them  in  the  Anaerican. 

Preside  tit  Jackson: 

The  Executive  Committee  is  now  composed  of  Dr.  Z.  L. 
Edwards,  Dr.  Clayton,  and  Dr.  Olive.  I  do  not  know  whom 
Dr.  Branch  will  appoint,  but  I  feel  that  these  are  men  that  will 
use  their  good  judgment  in  this  matter.  I  think  you  can  leave 
this  question  to  them,  and  they  will  take  care  of  it  in  a  manner 
of  which  you  will  api:)rove. 

Dr.  H.  L.  Keith,  Wilmington: 

May  I  ask  if  you  passed  this  motion,  the  first  motion,  that 
would  carry  with  it  Ave  should  have  to  permit  this  thing  Ave 
have  been  discussing? 

President  Jackson: 

The  motion  of  Dr.  Fleming  prevailed,  and  the  details  will  be 
left  to  the  Executive  Committee. 


86  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette: 

I  have  a  letter  here  from  the  American  Dental  Association 
signed  bj  the  Business  Manager  for  the  Association,  Dr.  L.  T. 
Claridge.   I  will  read  it  to  you. 

May  12,  1933. 
Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen, 
Fayetteville,  North  Carolina. 
Dear  Dr.  Pridgen : 

You  no  doubt  have  read  the  editorial  on  "Mail  Order  Dentistry" 
which  appeared  in  the  May  issue  of  the  Journal.  On  the  following 
pages  you  will  find  a  reproduction  of  newspaper  articles  and  adver- 
tisements which  show  the  development  to  date. 

Nothing  could  better  illustrate  what  could  happen  if  advertising 
were  universally  adopted  by  the  dental  profession.  It  would  seem 
that  the  development  of  "Mail  Order  Dentistry"  thoroughly  sustains 
the  stand  that  has  always  been  taken  against  such  practice  by  the 
profession  at  large. 

We  would  like  to  invite  your  attention  to  the  proposed  plan  ex- 
plained on  pages  A16-A17  of  the  May  issue  relative  to  advertising 
api>earing  in  the  Journal.  We  would  appreciate  your  comment  and 
support,  if  this  plan  meets  with  your  approval,  by  bringing  it  to  the 
attention  of  the  membership  whenever  possible. 

It  would  seem  that  it  would  require  but  little  effort  on  the  part 
of  the  membership  to  make  this  plan  effective  and  definitely  beneficial 
to  the  profession. 

Yours  very  truly, 

AMERICAN  DENTAL  ASSOCIATION, 
By    (Signed)     L.  T.  CLARmoE, 

Business  Manager. 

I  read  this  to  you  to  be  answered  by  the  Secretary.  We 
recommend  that  it  be  answered  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Asso- 
ciation. 

President  JacTcson: 

Do  you  recommend  that  it  be  answered  favorably,  as  he 
Avants  you  to  answer  it,  or  that  the  answer  be  against  it  ? 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

The  letter  does  not  carry  very  much  except  asks  us  to  agree 
with  their  plan  as  set  out  in  the  Journal.  A  lot  of  you  fellows 
have  seen  this  stuff.  It  is  sent  out  by  what  we  call  the  ^'Mail 
Order  Dentists."  They  send  you  some  modeling  compound  and 
you  press  that  around  your  teeth  and  send  it  back  and  send 
them  a  check  for  about  three  ninety-eight  and  they  send  you 


Containing  the  Proceedings  87 

a  plate  gaiaranteed  to  fit.  As  I  understand  this,  the  American 
ia  trying  to  get  something  started  to  prevent  this.  As  I  under- 
stand it,  they  want  to  get  our  endorsement.  We  practically  did 
that  down  at  Elizabeth  City  last  year  Avhen  we  hopped  on  this 
advertising  business  that  was  oj^posed  by  the  committee  of  the 
A.  D.  A.  If  anybody  wants  to  know  how  we  feel  about  adver- 
tising, they  ought  to  come  to  ISTorth  Carolina  and  find  out.  We 
do  not  condone  it  in  any  fashion.  Our  State  body  is  doing  the 
best  work  it  ever  did  in  the  recent  fight  against  the  fellow  in 
Asheville.  I  suggest  that  Ave  refer  this  letter  to  Dr.  Pridgen 
to  answer  and  say  that  the  jSTorth  Carolina  Dental  Society 
will  do  everything  it  can  to  help  stop  this  type  of  advertising. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett,  Asheville: 

I  took  it  on  myself  to  get  hold  of  a  sample  of  this  advertising- 
just  to  see  what  it  really  was  and  just  what  they  are  using.  I 
ordered  some  of  it.  They  are  using  Truebyte  molds,  shade 
guides,  and  everything.  I  wish  it  were  possible  to  call  upon 
the  manufacturers  of  these  teeth  to  interfere  in  some  way  with 
their  advertising.  They  are  sending  out  circulars  with  the 
Truebyte  teeth  and  forms  and  everything.  I  would  like  for  our 
Secretary  to  write  to  the  manufacturers  of  these  teeth  and  ask 
them  to  take  some  action  demanding  that  they  not  use  this 
particular  method.   It  might  do  some  good. 

President  Jackson: 

Do  you  make  that  as  a  motion? 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette: 

There  was  not  a  motion.  I  will  make  that  motion,  that  the 
Secretary  investigate  it.  If  I  understand  it  correctly,  they 
have  these  shade  guides  and  molds  copyrighted  and  if  this  cut- 
throat gang  is  using  them,  then  they  have  the  right  to  step 
in  and  cut  out  the  jjractice.  I  move  that  the  Secretary  call  the 
matter  to  the  attention  of  the  manufacturers  and  see  if  they 
will  make  an  effort  to  stop  it. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett: 

I  second  the  motion. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 


88  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette: 

It  seems  that  some  of  the  recommendations  made  in  the 
President's  Address  would  come  under  the  Resolutions  Com- 
mittee. The  first  one  has  been  already  taken  care  of.  The 
second  is  that  the  Legislative  Committee  make  a  special  study 
of  the  dental  laws  as  they  now  appear  on  the  statute  books  of 
ISTorth  Carolina  M'ith  a  view  to  strengthening  same.  That  the 
committee  be  empowered  to  employ  such  legal  assistance  as 
they  may  need  to  properly  interpret  the  law  and  to  assist  in 
framing  whatever  bill  in  their  opinion  may  be  needed  to  make 
our  law  more  effective;  that  the  committee  make  a  report  of 
their  findings  and  recommendations  at  the  next  annual  meeting 
of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society.  Third,  that  Ave  amend 
the  By-Laws  to  provide  for  the  Executive  Committee  the  power 
to  designate  an  approved  depository  for  the  funds  of  the  Society 
including  the  relief  fund.  Fourth,  that  we  amend  the  By-Laws 
to  provide  that  the  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  A^arious  districts 
must  make  a  final  report  to  the  chairman  of  the  Executive 
Committee  within  fifteen  days  after  the  annual  meeting;  that 
said  report  shall  contain  a  complete  list  of  the  members  in  his 
district  from  which  he  has  collected  dues,  the  year  for  AA'hich 
dues  were  collected,  and  the  total  amount  collected.  Fifth,  that 
we  amend  the  By-Laws  to  provide  that  the  Secretary-Treasurer 
of  each  district  be  bonded  by  the  State  Society  to  the  amount 
of  one  thousand  dollars. 

President  JacTxSon: 

Dr.  J^ixon,  Avill  you  take  the  chair  ? 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette: 

Dr.  Wheeler,  I  believe  we  decided  to  submit  these  to  the 
Society  for  action? 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

Yes.  What  Avas  the  first  one  ? 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette: 

The  adoption  of  the  plan  of  the  A.  D.  xV.,  by  resolution  rather 
than  changing  the  By-Laws. 


Containing  the  Proceedings 


89 


Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

We  have  passed  on  that.  Will  you  read  the  second  recom- 
mendation again? 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanetfe: 

That  the  Legislative  Committee  make  a  special  study  of  the 
dental  laws  as  they  now^  appear  on  the  statute  books  of  North 
Carolina  with  a  view  to  'strengthening  same. 

President  Jaclson: 

Mr.   Vice-President:    You   know   Dr.    Johnson   is   quite    an 
active  man  on  the  Legislative  Committee  and  my  hat  is  off  to 
every  member  of  that  Legislative  Committee  and  they  did  not 
fall  "down  a  time.    They  did  everything  and  did  it  well.    As  I 
told  you  yesterday  morning  in  my  address,  we  thought  we  had 
a  perfect  set  of  laws.   I  have  talked  to  Dr.  Jarrett  of  Charlotte 
about  this  thing,  and  we  found  that  we  needed  only  eight  words 
added  to  only  one  section  of  our  dental  laws  to  make  them  more 
effective.    My  point  was  this :   Our  laws  seem  to  be  perfect,  but 
we  found  one  place  where  by  adding  eight  words,  our  law  was 
materially   strengthened.     The   Legislative   Committee    did   its 
work  and  did  it  well,  but  they  did  not  have  a  lawyer  to  help 
them  and  point  out  where  the  changes  could  be  made  in  our 
law  to  strengthen  it.  I  am  not  reflecting  on  any  member  of  that 
committee,  or  upon  the  committee  as  a  whole,  or  any  of  its 
work,  which  I  think  has  been  splendid,  but  these  men  have  not 
had  the  means  whereby  to  employ  a  lawyer  to  look  into  these 
things  and  bring  them  to  our  attention.   A  special  situation  con- 
fronted the  dentists  in  Charlotte.    Those  boys  down  there  saw 
something  had  to  be  done  and  went  out  and  hired  a  lawyer  and 
he  told  them  where  they  could  add  eight  words  and  get  the 
results  they  wished.    If  we  can  strengthen  our  laws,  we  ought 
to  do  it.    i  think  the  committee  ought  to  investigate  our  laws 
and  if  we  can  make  them  better,  we  should  do  it,  but  if  they 
are  as  good  as  they  can  be  made,  then  we  should  leave  them 
alone.    (Applause.) 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett,  Asheville: 

After  having  gone  through  with  this  thing  in  regard  to  Dr. 
Owen,  we  find  that  after  the  Board  has  made  up  their  decision, 
that  in  our  law  there  is  no  method  of  appeal.  In  other  words, 
the  man  whose  license  is  revoked  is  not  supposed  to  be  able  or 


90  Bulletin  Norih  Carolina  Denial  Society 

does  not  have  any  definite  time  as  to  when  he  can  perfect 
his  appeal  to  the  court.  So,  having  lived  through  this  thing, 
that  our  law  at  the  present  time  is  a  deplorable  thing  Avith  which 
to  attempt  to  govern  dentistry.  The  Board  of  Examiners  re- 
voked this  man's  license.  He  has  from  now  on  to  perfect  his 
appeal.  He  does  not  have  to  give  bond  for  the  expense  they 
have  been  put  through  in  the  event  he  loses.  I  think  our  law 
should  be  gone  over  thoroughly.  We  •have  a  very  poor  thing 
with  which  to  convict  a  man  and  let  him  go  right  on  practicing, 
with  no  limit  to  the  time  in  which  he  should  perfect  his  appeal, 
I  want  to  see  this  resolution  passed. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie,  Raleigh: 

I  was  in  that  fight  with  Dr.  Bennett  in  Raleigh.  I  think  that 
when  we  get  through  with  this  case  we  will  probably  know 
where  we  stand.  We  have  no  law  at  all  to  go  on.  That  has 
come  up  two  or  three  times  in  recent  years.  Our  laws  in  some 
way  ought  to  more  definitely  define  just  what  is  practicing 
dentistry  and  just  what  is  laboratory  work.  Our  statute  is 
shadowy  along  that  line.  Just  how  far  the  laboratory  man 
may  go  without  getting  into  the  field  of  actually  practicing 
dentistry  is  very  shadowy  and  there  are  some  other  points  that 
come  up  which  should  be  made  more  clear.  For  instance,  the 
prosecution  of  a  man  for  irregular  practice  of  dentistry  is  a 
criminal  prosecution.  But  any  action  the  court  might  take 
about  revoking  the  license  is  a  civil  action  and  ^'•ou  get  into  a 
mass  of  legal  technicalities  on  those  civil  actions.  In  other 
words,  Dr.  Bennett  spoke  about  the  matter  of  appeal.  So  far  as 
I  see  it,  the  only  Avay  we  could  force  action  on  a  man  continuing 
to  practice  after  his  license  has  been  revoked,  would  be  a 
criminal  action  against  him,  and  you  have  to  fight  it  all  around 
again.  If  you  get  the  law  to  study  it,  I  think  you  could  do  right 
much  with  it.  I  think  dentistry  should  be  clearly  defined.  I 
think  we  should  get  a  good  lawyer  to  tell  us  just  what  is  wrong. 
When  you  get  that  done,  you  will  have  a  better  law  than  you 
have  now. 

Dr.  H.  E.  Nixon: 

Is  there  any  other  discussion  ? 

The  motion  was  made,  seconded,  and  unanimously  carried. 

Dr.  A.  T.  Jeanette: 

I  have  one  more  resolution. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  91 

"Be  it  Resolved,  that  for  the  benefit  of  the  members  of  the  North 
Carolina  Dental  Society,  that  the  Society  issue  each  member  a 
certificate  of  membership  annually  suitable  for  framing,  together 
Avith  a  membership  card  upon  the  payment  of  annual  dues." 

We  had  in  mind  in  making  this  resolution  that  if  you  go  into 
the  average  physician's  office  you  find  a  good  many  certificates 
hanging  around.  You  find  one  from  the  American  Medical 
Association,  and  this  and  that,  and  the  other.  It  really  gives 
you  a  feeling  of  comfort  when  you  get  in  there.  I  feel  like  it 
would  be  helpful  to  the  Society  to  have  a  certificate  to  frame. 
We  put  this  in  the  form  of  a  resolution  from  the  Resolutions 
Committee. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  resolution.    What  will  you  do  with  it? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  have  been  back  in  membership  in  the  Society  further  than 
most  of  you.  We  used  to  have  such  a  rule.  We  had  a  nice  certifi- 
cate hanging  up  in  the  office.  We  found  it  was  taking  the  place 
of  the  license.  When  the  sheriff  came  by  to  inspect  the  license, 
they  pointed  to  the  certificate  and  said,  "I  have  it."  But  I 
think  our  annual  check-up  by  renewal  of  the  license  would  be  a 
stop  to  the  danger  of  that.  I  move  the  adoption  of  the  resolution. 

Dr.  J.  T.  LasJey,  Greensboro: 
I  second  the  motion. 

President  Jackson : 

Is  there  any  further  discussion  ? 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler,  Greensboro : 

Following  up  Dr.  Fleming's  history,  Avhich  is  very  wise, 
wouldn't  it  be  the  proper  thing  to  do  to  print  in  big  red  letters 
across  the  face  of  the  certificate,  1933,  just  as  the  renewal 
license  comes  to  us? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

That  would  mean  the  issuance  of  a  new  o<ie  each  year. 


92  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

Each  year.  We  could  print  across  the  first  certificate  "1933.*' 
That  would  be  in  great  big  letters  and  it  would  only  follow  that 
it  was  to  be  used  in  1933.  This  was  brought  out  in  the  com- 
mittee meeting  and  we  thought  that  we  could  haA^e  the  annual 
renewal  and  help  prevent  any  imposition  on  the  renewal  license. 
We  just  felt  that  this  would  be  quite  an  advantage  to  the 
individual  dentists.  If  you  go  into  the  office  of  a  specialist,  an 
eye,  ear,  nose,  and  throat  man,  or  a  surgeon,  you  will  find  that 
he  has  taken  special  courses  and  has  done  this  and  done  that. 
I  know  men  who  have  ten  or  twelve  certificates  framed  and 
hanging  in  his  operating  room,  not  out  in  the  waiting  room,  but 
the  consultation  room.  Those  things  are  rather  impressive.  They 
show  that  a  man  is  keeping  up.  Sheffield  had  a  man  come  in 
his  office  a  few  weeks  ago  and  in  talking  with  him  and  while 
he  was  making  an  examination  the  man  asked  if  he  was  a 
member  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society.  Sheffield  told 
him  that  he  was.  He  asked  if  Dr.  So-and-so  Avas  a  member, 
and  Dr.  Sheffield  told  him  that  he  was  not.  Then  he  said,  "He 
is  never  going  to  do  any  more  work  for  me."  Just  about  the 
time  Sheffield  got  all  puffed  up  over  the  remark,  the  man  went 
on  something  like  this,  "I  wouldn't  let  him  do  any  more  work 
for  me.  If  he  didn't  belong  to  the  Society,  I  couldn't  sue  him." 
(Laughter.)  That  was  the  patient  talking,  that  Avas  his  idea, 
but  back  of  that  idea  was  this :  He  had  respect  for  organized 
dentistry.  If  Sheffield  had  his  certificate  up  there,  it  Avould 
impress  this  man.  It  does  not  cost  much.  I  think  it  is  a  good 
thing,  and  it  is  not  advertising. 

President  Jackson: 

Any  further  discussion?  (Pause.)  You  have  heard  the  mo- 
tion.  What  will  you  do  with  it  ? 

It  was  seconded  and  unanimously  carried  that  the  motion  be 
adopted. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

A  committee  was  appointed  last  year  to  catalogue  the  amend- 
ments to  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws.  It  is  tAvo  or  three  pages 
long.  I  don't  think  it  necessary  to  read  it.  The  motion  as 
originally  made  and  passed  was  to  catalogue  the  amendments 
and  turn  them  over  to  the  Editor-Publisher  to  be  published  in 
the  Bulletin.    Your  committee  has  gone  over  the  proceedings 


Containing  the  Proceedings  93 

since  192S  and  catalogued  each  amendment  and  stated  wliere 
it  ought  to  go.  I  offer  it  at  this  time.  I  don't  think  there  is 
any  use  to  read  it.  I  do  not  ask  its  adoption,  but  ask  that  it  be 
turned  over  for  publication,  as  provided  in  the  original  motion. 

President  Jackson: 

You  haA^e  heard  the  report  of  the  Committee  to  Properly 
Catalogue  the  Amendments  to  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws. 
What  will  you  do  with  it? 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton,  Winston-Salem: 

I  move  that  it  be  published  as  requested. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson,  Goldshoro: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jachson: 

The  report  will  be  made  a  part  of  the  proceedings. 

REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  TO  CATALOGUE  AMENDMENTS  TO 
THE  CONSTITUTION  AND  BY-LAWS 

The  present  Constitution  and  By-Laws  was  adopted  in  Charlotte, 
April  16th,  1928,  and  therefore  only  those  amendments  and  changes 
which  have  been  adopted  since  that  time  are  relative. 

The  first  amendment  was  to  Article  IX,  section  2  of  the  By-Laws, 
and  related  to  the  election  of  delegates  to  the  American  Association. 

Our  By-Laws  provided  as  follows :  "The  names  of  the  nominees 
shall  be  placed  on  a  board  (black-board)  and  each  member  shall 
vote  for  three  of  said  nominees.  The  three  who  receives  the  highest 
number  of  votes  shall  be  declared  the  delegates,  the  next  three 
highest  shall  be  alternates." 

The  amendment  was  simply  to  strike  all  this  out  and  elect  these 
as  other  officers  are  elected.    (See  page  255  of  the  1929  Proceedings.) 

At  the  same  meeting,  on  the  recommendation  of  Dr.  Self  in  his 
President's  Address,  we  changed  our  law  to  enable  us  to  elect  one 
delegate  for  three  years,  one  for  tw'o  years  and  one  for  one  year. 
One  term  to  expire  each  year,  and  that  is  now  the  law  and  should 
be  written  at  the  end  of  Article  IX,  section  2,  of  By-Laws.  (See 
page  208  of  the  1929  Proceedings.) 

At  the  meeting,  1929,  section  1  of  Article  VIII  of  the  Constitution 
was  repealed  and  the  following  put  in  its  place :  Section  1,  "That 
the  State  be  divided  into  five  districts  their  geographical  boundaries 
corresponding  to  those  designated  in  1921,  regardless  of  the  number 
of  dentists  included.  With  the  consent  of  those  directly  involved, 
the  President  and   Executive    Committee   may   transfer   sections  of 


94  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

adjacent  districts  when  in  the  interest  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society."    (See  page  263  of  the  1929  Proceedings.) 

In  1930  following  a  suggestion  of  President  Wheeler  the  duties 
of  the  Secretary-Treasurer  were  divided  and  the  othce  of  Editor- 
Publisher  was  created. 

Article  IV  of  the  Constitution  reads  as  follows :  "The  officers  of 
this  Society  shall  serve  for  one  year  or  until  their  successors  are 
elected  and  installed.  Tliey  shall  consist  of  a  President,  President- 
Elect,  Vice-President,  Secretary-Treasurer,  and  shall  be  elected  by 
ballot,  as  provided  for  in  Article  IX  of  the  By-Laws"  (and  adding) 
'•and  an  Editor-Publisher  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  Executive 
officers  of  this  Society,  namely.  President,  President-Elect,  Vice- 
President,  Secretary-Treasurer  and  the  Executive  Committee." 

And  then  to  meet  this  change  Article  I,  section  4,  which  treats 
of  the  duties  of  the  Secretary-Treasurer  is  changed  to  read :  "He  (the 
Secretary-Treasurer)  shall  be  chairman  of  the  Program-Clinic  Com- 
mittee and  the  Exliibit  Committee.  He  shall  receive  an  annual 
salary  of  $350.00  and  shall  give  bond."  And  then  this  further  section 
was  added  relative  to  the  Editor-Publisher :  "The  Editor-Publisher 
shall  publish  the  annual  proceedings  within  four  months  following 
the  annual  meeting  (publish)  at  least  two  bulletins  and  any  other 
notices  and  publications  the  Executive  Committee  may  deem  neces- 
sary. His  salary  shall  be  $350.00  per  annum,  provided  the  executive 
officers  may  withhold  same  in  their  discretion,  if  the  proceedings 
fail  to  be  published  within  the  time  limit  prescribed  by  the  Consti- 
tution and  By-Laws.  (See  pages  181  and  182  of  the  1930  Proceed- 
ings.) And  then  along  the  same  subject  refer  to  page  165  of  1931 
Proceedings  and  you  will  find,  in  a  report  on  the  recommendations 
set  forth  in  President  Paul  Jones'  Address  where  it  was  votetl  to 
make  the  salary  of  each  of  these  officers  $150.00  instead  of  $350.00. 

Other  changes  recommended  by  the  President,  Dr.  Jones,  in  his 
annual  address,  and  later  adopted  to  become  a  part  of  the  Constitu- 
tion and  By-Laws,  are  as  follows:  Under  Article  I  of  the  By-Laws, 
prescribing  the  duties  of  the  President  this  is  added :  "That  the 
incoming  President  appoint  the  Executive  Committee  as  follows : 
one  member  for  three  years,  one  member  for  two  years  and  one 
member  for  one  year,  so  that  beginning  with  our  1932  annual  meet- 
ing, the  incoming  President  shall  appoint  one  member  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  for  three  years  and  name  the  chairman."  (See  page 
164  of  the   1931   Proceedings.) 

One  other  change  was  made  i-elating  to  duties  of  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Article  I.  section  4,  By-Laws :  "That  we  amend  the  By- 
Laws  to  provide  that  the  outgoing  Secretary-Treasurer  make,  in 
addition  to  the  reiwrt  now  required,  a  final  report  to  the  Executive 
Committee  within  thirty  days  after  the  annual  meeting,  this  to  be 
published  in  the  Proceedings.  That  the  books,  vouchers,  checks,  stubs 
and  all  pai>ers  having  to  do  with  the  finances  of  the  Society,  shall 
be  delivered  to  tlie  Executive  Committee  who  shall  have  them  audited 
by  a  licensed  C.  P.  A.,  at  the  exi^ense  of  the  Society  and  delivered 
to  the  incoming  Executive  Committee  within  two  months  of  adjourn- 
ment of  the  annual  meeting."    (See  page  165  of  1931  Proceedings.) 


Containing  the  Proceedings  95 

At  the  1931  meeting,  iutroduced  by  Dr.  Ralph  Little,  an  amend- 
ment was  added  as  follows :  "Be  it  provided  that  any  ten  members 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  may  file  a  minority  reiwrt  dissenting  from 
action  of  House  of  Delegates  and  appeal  to  the  general  session  of 
the  Society."  (This  amendment  should  probably  become  section  5  of 
Article  II  of  the  By-Laws.) 

In  conclusion:  Some  of  these  changes  appear  as  regular  amend- 
ments to  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws,  while  others  appear  as 
changes  voted  on  recommendation  of  some  President  as  presented 
by  him  or  modified  by  the  Society  and  then  adopted.  Changes  com- 
ing in  this  manner,  we  have  voted  to  regard  as  equivalent  to  a  change 
in  Constitution  and  By-Laws.  (See  page  174  of  the  1932  Proceedings.) 

H.   O.  LiNEBEKGEB, 

W.  T.  Martin, 

J.  Martin  Fleming. 

President  Jackson: 

Is  there  any  other  report? 

Dr.  G.  Fred  Hale: 

May  I  have  the  privilege  of  submitting  at  a  later  date  a 
final  report  of  the  Editor-Publisher  for  1932-33,  to  be  incor- 
porated into  the  Proceedings?  So  far  the  Bulletin  has  made 
its  own  way,  and  the  account  for  this  fiscal  year  will  about 
break  even. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Norton: 

I  move  that  the  request  be  granted. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson: 

I  second  the  motion. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

FINANCIAL  STATEMENT  OF  EDITOR-PUBLISHER  FOR  1932-33 

TO  INCLUDE  ALL  RECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMENTS 

FROM  JULY  25,  1932,  TO  AUGUST  1,  1933 

Receipts 
1932 

Jul.  25— Balance   in  Bank $  44.16 

Oct.  24 — Dividend  from  Commercial  Nat'l  Bank....  6.70 

Nov.     4 — Thompson  Dental  Company 15.00 

Nov.     4 — Rothstein  Dental  Laboratory 15.00 

Dec.     1— Raleigh   Dental    Laboratory 25.00 

Dec.     1 — Merrimon  Insurance  Agency 15.00 


96  BuUetin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

1933 

Mar.  21— Harris   Dental    Company .$  15.00 

Max-.  21 — Rotlistein  Dental  Laboratory 15.00 

Apr.     8 — Raleigh  Dental  Laboratory 25.00 

Apr.     S — Merrimon  Insurance  Agency 7.50 

May     5 — Fleming  Dental  Laboratory 15.00 

May     5 — Thompson  Dental  Company 15.00 

May     5 — The  Minimax  Company 8.00 

May  11— Chapel  Hill  Local  Ads 20.00 

May  29— Raleigh   Dental  Laboratory 25.00 

Jun.     2 — Powei-s  &  Anderson 15.00 

Jun.     2 — Harris  Dental  Company 8.00 

Jun.     2 — Rothstein  Dental  Laboratory 15.00 

Jun.     5— The  Dentists'  Supply  Co 25.00 

Jun.  14 — Fleming  Dental  Laboratory 8.00 

Jun.  14— Pycope    8.00 

Jun.  22 — Thompson  Dental  Company 15.00 

Jun.  23— Samuel  French  &  Sons 15.00     $    375.36 


DiSBUBSEMENTS 

1932 

Sep.  11— Cash,    Stamps $  3.00 

Oct.  19 — Mailing    Bulletin 5.57 

Dec.     1— Bynum  Printing  Co 100.00 

1933 

Jan.  10— Cash,    Stamps 3.00 

Apr.     8— Cash,    Stamps 3.00 

Apr.     8— Bynum  Printing  Co 50.00 

May  13— Bynum  Printing  Co 47.38 

May  29— Cash,  Stamps  $3.00;  Phone  $4.17 7.17 

Jun.  24— Bynum  Printing  Co 125.00 

May  11 — American  Association  of  Dental  Editors  5.00 

Check  Tax 18     $    349.30 


Balance  in  Bank  August  1,  1933 $      26.06 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

I  have  the  report  of  the  General  Arrangements  Committee, 
which  was  handed  to  me. 

REPORT  OF  GENERAL  ARRANGEMENT  COMMITTEE 

The  first  separate  meeting  of  the  General  Arrangement  Committee 
was  held  in  Durham  on  March  20th,  at  which  time  general  plans 
were  discussed.  Later  a  full  committee  meeting  was  held  in  Chapel 
Hill.  At  this  meeting  Mr.  R.  M.  Grumman  was  present.  Four  dormi- 
tories were  selected  as  rooming  quarters,  a  hall  for  general  sessions 
and  rooms  for  progressive  clinics,  group  clinics,  and  exhibit  spaces 
were  decided  upon.  At  this  meeting  Mr.  Grumman  made  detailed 
notes  of  our   requirement   and   offered   valuable   suggestions.     Since 


Containing  the  Proceedings  97 

this  time  he  has  enthusiastically  arranged  numerous  details  neces- 
sary. Your  committee  wishes  to  take  advantage  of  this  opportunity 
to  express  our  appreciation  of  Mr.  Grumman's  untiring  and  compe- 
tent assistance  in  making  the  arrangements  for  this  meeting,  how- 
ever successful  it  may  be. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

L.  M.  Edwards,  Chairman. 

President  Jachson: 

You  have  heard  the  report.    What  will  jou  do  with  it? 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford,  Charlotte: 
I  move  that  it  be  adopted. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley,  Greensboro : 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

I  have  the  report  of  the  Dental  College  Committee. 

DENTAL  COLLEGE   COMMITTEE 

Your  committee  has  been  mindful  of  the  importance  of  the  task 
assigned  to  them,  but  in  their  judgment  the  economic  condition  has 
been  such  that  no  constructive  work  could  be  undertaken. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

J.  A.  Mc  Clung, 

S.   L.  BOBBITT, 

A.  C.  Bone, 

J.    H.    JUDD. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson: 

I  move  that  the  report  be  accepted. 

Dr.  N.  Sheffield,  Gree7ishoro : 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

• 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

I  have  the  cases  of  one  or  two  members  I  would  like  for  the 
House  of  Delegates  to  dispose  of.  Dr.  L.  W.  Henderson,  who 
formerly  practiced  at  Pinehurst  and  who  moved  to  Virginia  in 
1931.  The  Executive  Committee  has  recommended  that  he  be 
transferred  to  the  Honorary  List. 


98  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Socieltj 

Dr.  H.  Kemp  Foster,  who  joined  the  Society  in  191-i  has 
paid  dues  consecutively  through  1931.  He  is  now  in  the  Base 
Hospital  of  the  U.  S.  Government  at  Macon,  Georgia. 

Dr.  J.  S.  Wells,  who  has  paid  twenty-four  consecutive  years. 
He  is  now  permanently  and  totally  disabled. 

Dr.  W.  F.  Maderis,  who  has  quit  practicing,  I  don't  know 
how  long.  He  was  in  good  standing  at  the  time  he  quit  practic- 
ing. All  these  members  the  Executive  Committee  has  recom- 
mended be  placed  on  the  Honorary  List. 

President  Jachson: 

We  Mall  take  the  case  of  Dr.  L.  W.  Henderson  first. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton: 

I  move  the  adoption  of  the  recommendation. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

Dr.  H.  Kemp  Foster.  Joined  in  1914  and  paid  through  until 
1931,  and  is  now  confined  to  the  hospital. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

Was  he  in  active  practice  in  1932  ? 

Dr.  J.  T.  LaMey: 

He  was  in  active  practice,  but  he  was  in  poor  health. 

Dr.  J.  Mali  in  Fleming: 

I  make  a  motion  that  he  be  transferred  to  the  Honorary  List. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Hoivle: 

I  would  like  to  offer  an  amendment  or  substitute  motion : 
That  Dr.  Foster's  dues  be  reniitted  until  such  time  as  he  is  able 
to  resume  active  practice.  With  your  permission,  I  will  make 
that  a  motion. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  motion. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  unanimouslv  carried. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  99 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

Dr.  J.  S.  Wells,  of  Reidsville,  paid  for  twenty-four  years.  He 
is  now  permanently  and  totally  disabled. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley: 

Through  the  generosity  of  the  Greensboro  Society  we  have 
presented  Dr.  Wells  with  his  1933  card  and  we  wish  to  do  the 
same  in  1934.  So,  if  he  has  paid  for  twenty-four  consecutive 
years,  I  will  see  that  he  gets  his  1934  card. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson: 

I  move  that  we  date  the  time  of  his  application  back  one  year 
and  make  him  a  life  member. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  am  sorry  to  differ  with  that,  but  I  think  that  our  twenty- 
five  payment  law  should  be  inviolate  in  our  Society.  Dr.  Wells 
has  not  paid  but  twenty-four  years,  and  we  must  not  forget  that 
if  we  make  one  exception  it  will  lead  to  another,  and  I  am 
afraid  that  we  will  soon  have  the  last  five  years  being  remitted. 
I  think  Dr.  Lasley's  solution  is  best.  Let  his  friends  guarantee 
payment  of  the  twenty-fifth  year,  and  then  he  will  have  paid 
the  twenty-five  years  and  complied  with  our  constitutional 
requirement.  It  is  just  like  swimming  the  English  Channel.  He 
hasn't  done  it  yet. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett: 

I  don't  think  anybody  would  ask  to  remit  the  last  five  years, 
but  if  they  did,  then  we  could  object  to  it.  I  think  we  should 
do  this.  I  do  not  think  the  boys  should  be  called  on  to  pay  this. 
I  think  the  Society  should  be  as  good  a  friend  to  the  man 
after  twenty-four  years  in  good  standing  as  his  District  Society 
friends. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  had  rather  contribute  to  it  myself  than  to  break  our  twenty- 
five  year  law. 

President  Jackson: 

Is  there  a  motion  before  the  House? 


100  Bulletin  North   Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett: 
^o,  sir. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie: 

I  move  that  we  accept  the  oifei-  of  Dr.  Lasley. 

President  Jackson: 

Is  there  further  discussion. 

The  Floor: 
The  question ! 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jachson: 

The  friends  of  Dr.  Wells  in  Greensboro  will  pay  his  dues  for 
1934  and  that  will  make  his  twenty-five  years. 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

Dr.  W.  F.  Maderis  quit  practicing  and  was  in  good  standing 
at  the  time  he  quit. 

Dr.  Paul  E.  Jones: 

I  move  he  be  put  on  the  Honorary  List. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie: 

There  is  some  question  about  these  men  being  put  on  the 
Honorary  List.  The  Constitution  and  By-Laws  state  definite 
conditions.  We  must  put  them  on  some  kind  of  list.  We  can't 
put  them  on  the  Honorary  List.  We  are  making  a  mistake  there. 
We  have  a  suspended  list  we  put  members  on  for  nonpayment 
of  dues. 

Dr.  Paul  E.  Jones: 

He  was  a  member  of  the  jSTorth  Carolina  Dental  Society. 
We  ought  to  be  fair  to  him.  When  he  quits  practicing  that 
Avould  indicate  that  he  expects  to  quit  paying  dues  to  the  North 
Carolina  Dental  Society.  We  will  have  to  fix  some  way  to  get 
out   of  this  without  putting  him   on   the  honorary   list. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton: 

This  man  liA^ed  in  Winston-Salem  for  a  number  of  years. 
He  was  an  associate  of  Dr.  McClung  and  one  of  the  best  opera- 


Contain'nu]  the  Proceedings  101 

Tors  I  know  of,  and  he  has  simply  gone  into  another  field.  He 
still  likes  to  associate  with  dentists,  and  is  very  fond  of  den- 
tistry. I  have  talked  to  him,  and  he  has  told  me  that  he  would 
like  to  come  to  a  dental  meeting.  I  don't  know  what  disposition 
you  care  to  make,  but  that  is  that.  I  am  quite  sure  he  will  be 
a  credit  to  the  dental  profession  regardless  of  what  position 
he  holds  or  on  what  list  you  put  him. 

Dr.  E.  B.  HoivJe: 

We  could  make  some  kind  of  a  list  to  put  him  on.  For  in- 
stance, Dr.  Henderson.  I  don't  believe  we  should  put  him  on  the 
Honorary  List.  We  could  have  some  kind  of  list,  say  a  Retired 
List,  or  have  some  other  kind  of  list. 

Dr.  H.  K.  Keith: 

I  move  that  we  have  an  Inactive  List  and  that  this  gentleman 
be  placed  on  that  list. 

Dr.  J.  Martin-  Flem-ing: 

Together  with  Dr.  Henderson.    I  second  the  motion. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  motion.   Is  there  any  further  discussion. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Morton: 

If  those  men  come  to  attend  a  meeting  Avill  they  be  members 
or  guests. 

President  Jackson: 
Guests. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

The  Constitution  says  you  must  pay  for  tAventy-five  consecu- 
tive years.  If  he  has  paid  eight  years,  can  he  come  back  to  the 
Dental  Society  and  pay  his  dues  for  seventeen  more  years  and 
still  be  in  the  twenty-five  consecutive  year  class  ? 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie: 

He  has  to  start  all  over  again. 


102  I)  II I  let  in   Aorth   Carolina   Dental  Societt/ 

Dr.  L.  H.  Buller,  Hertford: 

There  should  be  some  differentiation  some  way  or  other.  For 
instance,  as  I  understand  it,  Dr.  Wells  has  paralysis.  He  is 
hopelessly  incapacitated  and  he  cannot  help  it.  He  had  nothing 
to  do  with  it.  As  to  the  other  fellow,  it  is  a  matter  of  selecting 
an  appropriate  list  to  put  him  on.  I  do  not  know  how  it  is 
to  be  worked  out.  I  am  not  going  to  try  to  work  that  out. 
We  should  not  put  this  man  who  has  paid  his  dues  and  is  now 
incapacitated  on  the  same  list  with  a  man  who  steps  aside  for 
another  vocation. 

President  Jackson: 

We  have  a  list  for  Dr.  Wells.  We  are  going  to  put  him  in 
the  twenty-five-year  class  next  year.  Dr.  Maderis  is  put  on  a 
Retired  List.    I  get  your  point,  and  appreciate  it. 

The  motion  was  carried. 

It  is  one  o'clock.    Shall  we  quit  or  stay  longer? 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford: 

At  Durham  when  we  had  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, Dr.  ]^orthington  was  invited  to  come  explain  some- 
thing to  us.  He  is  Editor  of  the  Journal  of  Southern  Medicine 
and  Surgery,  and  he  talked  to  us  on  whether  he  should  include 
a  section  for  the  dentists.  We  invited  him  to  appear  before  the 
House  of  Delegates.  Dr.  Northington  is  here  today  and  I  think 
we  should  hear  him  at  this  meeting. 

President  JacJcson : 

How  much  time  does  Dr.  JSTorthington  want  ?  I  want  to  make 
myself  perfectly  clear.  I  want  everybody  here  to  get  a  courteous 
hearing.  I  am  equally  anxious  to  keep  within  our  time.  If  it  is 
agreeable,  we  will  be  pleased  to  hear  him  for  five  minutes. 

A  motion  to  hear  Dr.  JSTorthington  for  five  minutes  was  made, 
seconded   and   carried. 

Without  further  formalities,  we  will  hear  Dr.  Northington. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Norihington,  M.D.,  Charlotte: 

I  am  delighted  to  have  the  invitation  to  speak  to  you  on 
a  matter  of  vital  concern.  All  of  us  understand  the  mutual 
dependence  of  the  physician  on  the  dentist,  the  dentist  on  the 
physician,  and  the  patient  on  both.  Self-preservation  is  the 
first  law  of  nature.    Very  likely  the  dentists  did  not  follow  as 


Containing  the  Proceedings  103 

carefully  as  the  physicians  did  the  activities  of  the  commission 
to  study  the  costs  of  medical  care.  After  five  years  of  study 
and  expenditure  of  a  million  dollars  it  brought  in  a  report 
recommending  that  all  services,  physicians,  dentists,  druggists, 
and  nurses,  be  put  on  a  basis  of  pay  either  by  taxes  or  by 
insurance.  It  takes  no  stretch  of  the  imagination  to  know  what 
that  would  mean  to  men  practicing  the  healing  art.  We  must 
see  sick  people,  or  people  pretending  they  are  sick,  to  be  called 
at  any  time,  and  the  salaries  fixed  by  some  bureaucratic  organi- 
zation, and  I  cannot  conceive  of  the  maintenance  of  your  pro- 
fession or  mine  on  any  basis  of  integrity.  I  simply  believe,  as 
I  told  the  Medical  Society,  that  it  would  not  be  but  ten  years 
under  an  organization  like  that  before  a  lot  of  people,  a  class 
of  young  men  much  like  paper  hangers,  carpenters,  would 
be  on  the  same  standing  with  us,  and  the  dentists  would  be 
going  into  other  fields  of  endeavor. 

As  a  means  of  keeping  an  active  and  energetic  laison  between 
the  two  professions,  it  would  be  the  very  best  means  if  we 
could  have  a  monthly  reminder  of  the  fact  that  this  report  has 
been  made.  I  am  not  urging  this  upon  you  at  all.  If  we  can 
get  the  dentists  and  pharmacists  and  the  nurses  to  go  into  this 
thing  with  us,  we  will  have  a  paper  that  will  keep  the  minds 
of  the  members  of  all  those  professions  upon  the  subject.  By 
that  method  we  can  strengthen  our  defense  of  that  move.  With 
united  effort  we  can  keep  it  so  our  sons  and  sons-in-law  can  go 
into  dentistry  and  medicine  and  practice  them  as  an  honorable 
profession. 

I  might  tell  you  that  the  members  of  this  commission  were 
not  what  they  should  have  been.  They  had  a  medical  doctor 
on  there  that  had  not  practiced,  for  twenty  years.  A  group  of 
the  men  on  there,  including  two  dentists,  filed  a  minority  report. 
They  also  had  the  President  of  Stanford  University  on  that 
commission. 

I  might  tell  you  that  if  you  wish  to  have  the  members  of  your 
Society  receive  the  Journal  on  the  same  terms  as  those  organiza- 
tions who  now  receive  it,  it  is  two  dollars  per  member  per  year, 
the  dental  and  scientific  papers  of  your  Society  to  go  in  along 
with  the  papers  from  the  Medical  Associatioii.  If  you  wish  to 
have  some  individual  mailing  to  each  member  done,  then  we 
could  arrange  for  that  in  pamphlet  form.  If  you  should  care 
to  consider  this  proposition,  I  would  be  very  glad  to  make  you 
the  offer,  and  have  you  consider  it.     (xVpplause.) 


lOrl:  Bulletin  AortJi   Carolina  Dental  Society 

President  Jackson  : 

Thank  you,  Dr.  ISTorthingtoii.   I  appreciate  your  invitation. 
What  will  you  do?    It  is  eight  minutes  past  one  o'clock. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 
We  will  take  it  up  later. 

President  Jackson: 

The   House    of   Delegates    adjourned    at    1 :10    o'clock    p.m., 
Wednesday,  June   7,   1933. 


SECOA^D  DAY— WEDNESDAY,  JUNE  7,  1933 

Banquet 

The  Banquet  Session  was  called  to  order  by  President  Jack- 
son at  6  :30  o'clock  p.m.,  at  Swain  Hall. 

President  Jackson: 

I  wish  to  present  to  you  at  this  time  our  Toastmaster,  Mr. 
E.  B.  House,  of  Chapel  Hill. 

The  visitors  and  guests  were  given  recognition. 

The  Toastmaster: 

There  is  a  late-comer  to  North  Carolina.  He  is  our  speaker 
this  evening.  He  belongs  to  you  as  a  professor  of  law  in  our 
neighboring  institution,  Duke  University,  in  its  distinguished 
Law  School,  where,  through  the  Department  of  Legal  Research, 
he  is  making  a  name  not  only  for  that  school,  but  for  this 
section  of  the  country  in  that  tyjDe  of  work.  He  belongs  to 
you  by  rights.  He  is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  as  a  son  of 
Tennessee  he  is  naturally  a  grandson  of  North  Carolina.  And 
then,  by  way  of  Princeton,  his  Alma  Mater,  he  is  there  a  son 
of  an  institution  that  is  a  sort  of  grandmother  to  civilization 
in  the  entire  South.  If  you  will  read  our  history,  you  will  find 
that  a  number  of  good  Scotch  Presbyterians  came  down  into 
Piedmont  South  and  built  up  a  civilization.  To  those  of  you 
who  are  familiar  with  that  chapter  of  our  history,  you  know 
what  Princeton  means.    By  way  of  Harvard,  he  has  acquired 


Containing  the  Proceedings  105 

distinguished  manner  in  a  high  class  of  intellectual  character, 
which  he  is  going  to  exhibit  here.  Harvard  is  a  great  laAv  school. 
But  above  all  other  things  he  is  a  Scotchman,  a  "Mac"  and  he 
is  one  of  your  people,  and  he  belongs  to  you.  He  is  identified 
with  the  people  and  the  spirit  of  jSTorth  Carolina. 

I  think  that  is  a  good  introduction.  (Laughter.)  It  is  time 
for  me  to  get  out  of  the  way.  Ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  want 
to  introduce  to  you  our  distinguished  guest  and  speaker,  Dr. 
Malcolm  McDermott,  of  the  Duke  University  Law  School. 
(AiDplause.) 

Prof.  Malcolm  McDermott,  Duke  University.  Durham-,  X.  C: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  ladies  and  gentlemen:  During  the  course  of  the 
evening-  our  Toastmaster  lias  asserted  that  the  question  with  the 
American  iieople  was  whether  or  not  they  should  dine  or  be  enter- 
tained. I  rather  assumed  that  the  question  before  America  today 
is  one  that  has  come  down  from  classic  literature :  "To  beer  or  not 
to  beer!"     (Applause.) 

I  appreciate  deeply  this  very  hearty  welcome  and  generous  intro- 
duction, and  I  am  exceedingly  happy  to  be  here  on  this  occasion. 
Particularly  so  in  view  of  the  fact  that,  as  has  been  pointed  out, 
I  hail  from  Tennessee.  For  I  am  aware,  my  friends,  that  since 
certain  incidents  at  Asheville,  it  is  an  old  custom  in  North  Carolina 
not  to  allow  Tennesseans  to  run  at  large  in  this  State.  After  review- 
ing the  history  of  our  two  States,  I  find  that  this  feeling  runs  back 
to  an  early  date.  I  discovered  it  only  recently.  Perhaps  you  have 
not  discovered  it  yet.  (Laughter.)  You  may  recall  that  on  the 
Tennessee  border,  just  before  you  get  into  Tennessee,  there  is  one 
of  the  natural  wonders  called  the  Hot  Springs.  You  may  have  visited 
them.  It  seems  that  back  in  the  days  of  the  pioneer  frontiersmen, 
an  old  North  Carolinian  packed  his  goods  and  chattels  in  the  old 
covered  wagon  and  determined  to  go  across  the  Smokies  and  seek 
his  wealth  in  the  valley  of  the  Tennessee.  He  started  out.  It  was 
a  long  and  tedious  and  hard  journey.  They  became  sick  and  the 
Indians  beset  them.  They  were  all  longing  for  their  old  home.  Thus 
distraught  they  finally  came  one  evening  to  pitch  camp  beside  the 
spring.  The  old  fellow  knelt  down  on  his  knees  to  take  a  whaff  of 
the  water.  When  the  water  touched  his  lip,  it  burned.  This  was 
the  last  straw.  The  old  man  jumped  about  ten  feet  in  the  air  and 
shouted,  "Boys,  turn  them  horses  around  and  get  going  back  to 
Carolina!  Hell  ain't  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  here  .^"  (Much 
laughter.)  That  used  to  be  my  State,  but  if  you  feel  that  way  about 
Tennessee,  just  remember  that  is  was  once  a  part  of  North  Carolina. 
You  gave  it  to  ns.  You  are  responsible  for  what  we  are.  (Applause.) 
I  want  to  thank  the  Committee  on  Arrangements  here  at  the  ontsec 
for  making  one  feel  at  home  with  a  group  of  dentists  by  having  this 
National  Emblem  of  your  Soc-iety  hanging  above  my  head.  I  feel 
perfectly  at  home.  I  have  had  my  share  of  punishment  sitting  in  a 
dentist's   chair   with   him   drilling   in   my    teeth   with   an    instrument 


106  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

just  iibout  that  size,  and  making  just  about  tliat  noise.  (Laugliter.) 
Some  of  you  whose  memories  go  back  as  far  as  mine,  will  recall 
about  the  time  Edward  YII  was  about  to  be  crowned  King  of  Eng- 
land, he  was  suddenly  seized  with  an  attack  of  appendicitis.  The 
great  crowds  waited  for  the  coronation  ceremony.  Finally  the  Prince 
recovered.  It  was  decreed  that  there  should  be  a  ceremony  in 
Westminster  Abbey  celebrating  the  recovery  of  .the  Prince.  It  seems 
tliat  over  there  in  the  Abbey  they  have  a  hymn  book.  This  is  a 
remarkable  hymn  book.  In  the  first  part  it  has  the  regular  hymns, 
and  in  the  baclv  it  has  what  they  call  the  appendix.  The  story  goes 
tliat  on  this  occasion  tlie  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  arose  and 
announced,  "We  will  now  sing  'Sweet  Peace'  in  the  Appendix." 
(Laughter.)  My  story  is  not  altogether  without  point.  I  am  frank 
to  say  to  you  I  think  an  after-dinner  speech  is  very  much  like  an 
operation  for  appendicitis.  The  analogy  is  right  much  the  same. 
You  are  liable  to  be  seized  at  any  time,  and  most  likely  to  be 
afflicted  right  after  a  meal.  It  is  something  that  is  tacked  on  to 
an  otherwise  good  program  like  an  appendix,  which  the  doctors  say 
is  useless.  It  is  there,  and  it  has  got  to  come  out.  They  tell  you 
the  operation  is  exceedingly  painful.  You  can  get  this  consolation, 
it  is  not  as  painful  when  you  are  asleep,  and  if  any  of  you  can  sleep 
without  an  anaesthetic,  you  have  my  permission!     (Laughtei-.) 

I  was  greatly  flattered  when  I  received  from  the  News  Bureau  at 
Chapel  Hill  a  letter  asking  for  advance  notices  on  my  distinguished 
oration  of  this  evening.  It  concluded  in  this  fashion :  If  you  plan 
to  advance  a  new  theory  about  dentistry,  be  sure  and  indicate  the 
fact  and  explain  in  some  detail.  For  the  benefit  of  myself  and  my 
fellow  indigent  lawyers,  I  have  one  theory  for  dentistry  to  promul- 
gate :  If  you  can  work  up  some  form  of  penniless  dentistry,  it  will 
be  exceedingly  ix)pular  among  the  members  of  my  profession. 

I  was  reading  the  other  night  the  biography  of  Martin  Van  Buren, 
The  Man  in  the  Era.  You  may  liave  read  it.  It  is  well  worth 
reading.  In  that  book,  I  found  some  interesting  history  concerning 
the  manner  in  which  the  people  of  upper  New  York  State  used  to 
handle  their  courts  and  judges.  When  the  judges  decided  a  case 
contrary  to  public  poinion,  the  crowd  just  waited  for  him  outside 
of  the  court  room  and  gave  him  a  good  drubbing,  if  he  decided  the 
case  contrary  to  their  whims  and  notions.  I  read  that  with  indigna- 
tion, as  any  lawyer  would  do.  I  said  to  my  friend  the  next  morning 
that  I  was  certainly  glad  we  had  made  some  progress,  because  here 
in  New  York  State  less  than  a  century  ago  the  i)eople  used  to  assault 
their  judges  when  they  did  not  decide  cases  to  suit  the  public  notions. 
I  told  him  that  I  felt  encouraged  and  I  was  well-pleased,  if  I  may 
confide  in  you,  when  he  agreed  with  me.  But  imagine  my  chagrin 
when  I  opened  the  paper  the  following  morning  and  read  of  the 
dastardly  thing  which  occurred  in  the  State  of  Iowa  when  the  judge 
was  taken  out  and  subjected  to  a  most  embarrassing  indignity, 
downright  violence.  It  was  one  of  the  most  infamous  things  that 
has  occurred  in  America  in  this  generation.  I  hope  it  has  sunk 
into  the  hearts  and  minds  of  the  American  citizenship.  I  cannot 
think  of  that  thing  without  a  feeling  of  shame  creeping  over  me. 
Now,   listen:    You  can't   charge   that   up    to   the   Bolshevists   or  the 


Containing  the  Proceedings  107 

Commuuists  or  aliens  who  just  recently  came  into  this  country.  That 
damnable  thing  occurred  in  the  heart  of  America,  in  a  State  that 
boosts  the  lowest  rate  of  illiteracy  of  any  State  in  the  Union,  by 
pure-bred  Americans  it  was  done.  And  it  tells  you  and  me  the  story, 
the  very  unpleasant  story,  that  there  is  a  lot  of  the  brute  still  left 
beneath  this  veneer  and  civilization  that  we  like  to  boast  abtmt.  It 
is  breaking  forth  every  now  and  then.  I  saw  it  during  the  World 
War.  I  talked  with  men  who  knew  this  to  be  a  fact :  That  tm 
transports  which  carried  American  soldiers,  if  a  fellow  became  un- 
pleasant or  did  something  that  antagonized  a  certain  group  on  board, 
the  next  morning  he  Avould  be  missing.  Somewhere  in  the  Atlantic 
he  had  been  grimly  dropped  overboard.  I  tell  you  that  beneath 
the  veneer  of  civilization  we  are  accustomed  to  boast  of  in  this 
country,  we  have  got  a  terrific  problem.  We  might  as  well  face  it, 
unpleasant  as  it  may  seem  to  you,  and  the  more  we  face  reality  in 
days  like  these,  the  more  the  truth  is  driven  home  to  us. 

I  am  interested  in  this  subject  for  this  reason :  On  all  hands  in 
America  today  we  are  hearing — don't  misunderstand  me,  I  am  not 
making  a  campaign  speech — we  are  hearing  that  a  new  deal  is  com- 
ing, and  the  idea  is  that  somehow  the  thing  has  got  to  be  shuffled 
up  and  redealt  and  a  new  distribution  worked  out,  and  then  forsooth 
we  will  all  be  happy.  Well,  God  pity  you.  The  determination  of 
Americans  today  seems  to  be  the  ideal  of  1929,  and  getting  us  back 
to  whei-e  we  were  in  1929.  You  have  heard  it  and  I  have  heard  it. 
We  hear  that  if  we  get  our  stock  market  going  again  all  will  be 
happy.  We  degenerated  into  a  race  of  gamblers  in  this  country 
and  you  know  it !  When  we  lost,  we  squealed  and  shed  crocodile 
tears  over  our  own  misfortune.  We  gambled  and  speculated  and 
could  not  understand  why  the  game  did  not  keep  up.  These  ai-e 
unplesant  facts,  but  I  want  you  to  let  them  sink  into  your  hearts 
and  minds  here  tonight  for  the  purpose  of  determining  whether  or 
not  we  are  living  today  in  this  dark  time  with  the  ideals  of  getting 
back  to  that  same  old  gambling  orgy.  If  that  is  so,  if  that  is  all 
we  have  in  mind,  if  that  is  all  America  holds  in  store  today.  I  say 
to  you  we  are  all  going  to  be  more  miserable  than  we  have  yet 
been. 

I  have  a  very  brief  message  to  bring  to  you  here  tonight.  It  is  a 
great  privilege  for  a  lawyer  to  be  able  to  speak  to  a  group  of  dentists, 
I  take  it,  Mr.  Toastmaster.  I  might  have  begun  by  saying  this  is 
going  to  hurt  you  a  little  bit.  But  no.  It  is  going  to  hurt  you  more 
than  that.  I  think  the  lawyers  and  dentists  have  much  in  common. 
In  the  first  place,  they  both  belong  to  the  most  maligned  professions 
that  I  know  of.  The  public  never  tires  of  telling  jokes  about  the 
lawyers  and  dentists.  In  the  second  place,  we  have  the  most  unai>pre- 
ciative  clients  of  any  group.  When  a  lawyer  wins  a  case,  what  does 
a  client  sayV  "All  right.  It  is  his  business."  When  the  lawyer  loses 
a  case,  what  is  said?  "You  old  dub!  Don't  you  know  any  better 
than  that?''  When  a  client  comes  in  to  you  Avith  a  great  pain  in 
his  jaw,  and  you  extract  the  tooth  and  the  pain  is  gone,  he  is 
liable  to  be  gone,  too !  A  young  dentist  told  me  once  he  was  very 
anxious  to  get  his  fee.    When   he  finished   the  extraction,  he  said, 


JOS  BuUetin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

"This  tooth  will  cost  you  five  dollars."  The  man  shot  out  at  the 
door  and  said,  "Keep  the  damned  -thing !  I  didn't  want  it  anyway !" 
( Laughter.) 

There  is  a  deeper  bond  between  the  lawyer  and  dentists.  They  are 
thinking  men  and  they  are  good  citizens.  I  am  not  trying  to  flatter 
you.  I  have  a  great  many  among  your  profession  in  my  old  home, 
in  Tennessee,  men  whom  I  love  dearly,  men  whom  I  have  come  to 
know  intimately,  and  I  find  them  substantial,  thinking  men.  That 
is  why  I  address  these  remarks  to  you  tonight.  We  are  living  in  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  eras  that  America  has  ever  experienced. 
I  think  the  next  few  months  are  going  to  determine  in  a  large 
measure  what  is  to  be  the  outcome  of  this  great  effort  to  rectify 
conditions  under  which  we  have  been  laboring.  Will  a  new  deal 
solve  the  problem?  I  tell  you  it  will  not.  I  stand  here  to  plead 
not  for  a  new  deal,  but  for  a  new  foundation,  a  new  foundation  for 
American  life.  You  deal  the  cards  out  and  let  each  fellow  take  his 
bunch  and  what  good  is  it  going  to  do  after  he  takes  them  out.  He 
builds  on  a  foundation  that  is  going  to  fall  just  as  this  one  has 
fallen.  Why,  it  is  nonsense,  my  friends.  What  have  I  to  build  on? 
I  am  not  a  preacher,  I  am  a  lawyer.  You  are  professional  men  and 
you  have  a  contact  with  the  every  day  life.  W^hat  are  we  building 
on  in  this  country?  You  know.  We  boosted  the  booms  with,  values 
that  never  existed  and  the  bubble  bursted,  and  the  truth  has  been 
driven  home  once  more  that  you  cannot  float  a  substantial  business 
structure  in  thin  air,  and  the  higher  you  project  it,  the  greater  is 
the  fall  thereof.  My  friends,  we  staked  our  all  on  material  values 
and  material  things.  We  got  the  fool  notion  in  this  country  that  we 
could  subtract  character  from  every  department  of  human  life  and 
it  has  been  proved  here  in  our  eyesight  that  it  cannot  be  done.  You 
subtract  character  from  banking  in  this  country,  and  what  do  you 
get?  You  know  what  you  got!  You  saw  it!  A  thing  you  and  I 
could  not  have  dreamed  would  have  (X-curred  one  year  ago.  Every 
bank  in  the  land  was  locked.  Why?  Because  men  lost  faith  in 
the  character  of  their  fellow  men.  You  subtract  character  from  the 
home  life  of  America  and  what  do  you  get?  You  get  high,  destruc- 
tive living.  We  have  a  generation  of  vipers  gx-owing  up  in  our  very 
midst  who  are  breaking  their  parents'  hearts.  Subtract  character 
from  the  governmental  official  life  of  the  country,  and  what  do  you 
get?  You  know  what  we  get !  Corruption  in  high  places,  selfishness, 
and  selfish  motives  seizing  down  on  the  every  day  life  of  our  people. 
It  has  besmirched  the  pages  of  our  national  history.  Tell  me  in 
the  name  of  common  sense  what  good  a  new  deal  is  going  to  do  if 
we  are  going  back  on  that  same  foundation !  Thinking  men  and 
women  of  America,  the  time  has  come  when  you  and  I  have  got 
to  preach  it  to  our  children,  and  our  children's  children,  and  to 
all  the  men  and  women  of  America,  that  there  is  only  one  foundation 
on  which  the  national  life  of  this  country  can  be  made  to  stand — 
old-fashioned,  rugged  honesty  and  decency !  You  know  what  we  tried 
to  do  in  this  country.  We  built  a  great  temple  to  the  God  of  Mam- 
mon, and  when  we  got  it  up  to  a  great  height,  we  delighted  in  dancing 
around  and  chanted  its  bigness  and  security  and  greatness,  and  lo 
and  behold— it  collapsed  at  our  very  feet.    The  fragments  lie  strewn 


Containing  the  Proceedings  109 

about  us  j-et,  a  monument  to  our  folly.  The  call  is  not  to  a  new  deal. 
The  call  is  to  a  new  foundation  upon  which  to  erect  a  national 
edifice  that  can  stand  and  can  serve  all  mankind,  and  one  that  shall 
be  dedicated  to  goodness  rather  than  to  greed,  and  to  service  rather 
than  to  selfishness.  That  is  the  call  to  American  manhood,  and  I 
believe  that  the  thinking  men  and  women  of  this  countrj^  will  see  this 
truth,  and  if  a  new  deal  is  come,  we  shall  see  to  it  that  a  new 
foundation  shall  be  laid  upon  which  to  build  our  new  life  in  this 
land!     (Applause.) 

The  Toast  master: 

I  am  sure  tliat  on  behalf  of  tlie  Society  and  the  g'uests  who 
have  assembled  here,  that  I  may  thank  you,  Dr.  McDermott.  I 
am  sure  we  all  agree  with  him. 

'Sow,  I  believe  we  come  to  the  presentation  of  the  President's 
Emblem.  I  believe  that  there  is  a  good  deal  of  speaking  con- 
nected with  this,  so  I  surrender  the  floor  to  Dr.  Joe  Betts,  who 
will  perform  that  ceremony. 

Dr.  J.  S.  Betts,  Greensboro,  N.  C: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  members  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society, 
our  distingushed  guests  and  visitors,  ladies  and  gentlemen : 

Prior  to  our  meeting  at  Elizabeth  City  last  year,  many  of  us  had 
never  gone  into  the  extreme  Eastern  Section  of  our  State,  where 
history  began  in  North  Carolina.  When  the  time  came  in  carrying 
out  our  program,  as  it  comes  to  each  of  our  meetings,  to  select  the 
next  meeting  place  and  our  fellow  dentists  here,  your  efficient  Dr. 
Jones,  brought  us  a  cordial  invitation  to  meet  at  Chapel  Hill,  some 
of  us  wondered  whether  we  would  be  doing  the  wise  thing  to  accept 
the  invitation.  In  the  language  of  one  whose  name  has  not  been  on 
the  public  tongue  very  much  in  recent  months,  we  thought  it  would 
be  a  "noble  experiment."  And  I  believe  the  fine  young  fellow  who 
took  the  reins  of  government  at  that  time  realized  that  it  was 
something  of  a  "noble  experiment."  When  he  mounted  the  rostrum 
after  accepting  the  gavel,  he  delivered  a  ringing  patriotic  speech  the 
like  of  which  some  of  our  distinguished  political  ancestors  back 
yonder  could  not  have  exceeded.  He  rang  true  to  himself,  and  to  our 
ancestry.  He  said,  "We  must  not  fail  in  having  the  best  meeting  at 
Chapel  Hill  in  our  history.  Fellows  stand  by  me!"  We  did  stand 
by  him. 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  I  think  this  is  one  of  the  best  meetings  we  have 
ever  had.  It  was  bound  to  be  such,  coming  to  this  distinguished 
atmosphere,   to   these  classic  surroundings. 

In  going  back  over  the  track  of  the  years,  memory  recalls  several 
red-letter  days  that  have  come  into  my  life ;  none  of  those  high  spots 
do  I  prize  hiore  highly  than  the  one  that  came  to  me  a  few  minutes 
ago  when  the  Secretary  asked  me  to  present  this  President's  Emblem 
to  our  retiring  President.  I  am  very  fond  of  this  young  fellow, 
Wilbert  Jackson,  as  all  of  us  are.    He  has  about  him — developed  in 


110  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

the  large — that  all-too-rare  quality  of  directive  efficiency.  He  took 
the  reins  of  government  and  I  won't  say  he  surprised  us  all,  but  I 
will  say  that  he  rose  to  the  occasion.  He  attended  every  district 
meeting  arousing  more  enthusiasm  than  we  thought  was  possible. 
He  wrote  letters  and  got  in  touch  with  key  men  here  and  yonder. 
He  said  in  those  letters,  "Fellows,  don't  fail  me !  Come  to  this 
meeting !"  And  we  have  had  a  wonderful  meeting.  It  gives  me  a 
great  deal  of  pleasure  to  present  to  you,  Dr.  Jackson,  in  the  name 
of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  this  President's  Emblem ;  and 
I  hope  that  you  will  carry  it  with  you  until  the  last  day  j'ou  live. 
(Applause.) 

President  Jackson : 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Dr.  Betts,  members  of  the  ^orth  Carolina 
Dental  Society,  and  guests :  I  accept  this  emblem  with  humility 
and  pride.  With  humility  because  I  have  not  been  able  to  render 
a  more  efficient  service.  With  pride  for  having  had  the  oppor- 
tunity of  serving  the  noblest  bunch  of  men  on  God's  green 
earth.    I  thank  you.    (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster: 

The  Chair  recognizes  at  this  time  Dr.  S.  R.  Horton.  I  think 
Lineberger  wanted  to  talk,  but  they  got  together  and  compro- 
mised on  Horton. 

Dr.  S.  R.  Horton,  Raleigh: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  distinguished  guests,  and  ladies :  I  will 
have  to  get  back  at  E..  B.  These  fellows  that  do  not  speak  as 
often  in  public  as  they  do  in  private  cannot  get  back  at  others 
so  easily  on  our  feet,  but  we  know  how  to  get  him  all  right. 

I  presume  that  our  teaching  of  boys  in  their  youth  has  been 
handed  down  through  all  the  ages,  not  to  show  any  affection 
for  their  male  companions,  and  growing  more  and  more  reticent 
as  they  grow  older  about  showing  this  affection  Avill  be  followed 
to  the  end  of  time,  but  I  have  my  doubts  about  the  Avisdom  of  it. 
There  is  hardly  an  emotion  so  genuine  as  the  devotion  of  a  man 
to  his  fellowman.  There  is  an  unselfish  quality  to  such  a 
devotion  that  makes  it  stand  out  from  the  other  emotions. 
I  well  remember  an  incident  which  happened  during  my  school 
days.  I  got  into  an  argument  and  was  not  foresighted  enough 
to  have  any  backing.  This  argument  Avent  on  for  some  time 
and  it  finally  got  to  the  place  where  somebody's  face  Avas  going 
to  be  knocked  off.  I  did  not  have  a  friend,  not  a  friend.  They 
AA'ere  closing  in  on  me,  and  about  that  time  I  saAv  a  little  bit  of 


Containing  the  Proceedings  111 

a  man  pressing  through  the  crowd  on  the  street  and  I  tell  you  I 
do  not  think  I  ever  saAV  anybody  I  was  as  happy  to  see  as  that 
little  bit  of  a  man.  He  was  my  friend,  and  though  he  did  not 
have  the  body  and  strength  to  throw  into  the  cause  that  a 
big  man  might  have,  he  had  the  heart  of  a  friend,  and  I  think 
I  could  have  licked  the  whole  bunch.  This  little  fellow's  courage 
set  something  inside  me  on  fire.  I  walked  out  of  that  crowd 
with  shoulders  up,  and  I  was  a  brave  boy. 

You  know,  I  have  often  thought  that  if  we  showed  our  fellow- 
man  a  little  more  of  our  feeling  while  we  are  still  here  together, 
the  world  would  be  a  better  place  in  which  to  live.  You  know, 
there  is  but  one  time  in  a  man's  experience  when  he  can  abso- 
lutely do  that  frankly  and  personally,  and  apparently  normally 
at  the  time,  and  that  is  when  you  have  had  a  drink  or  two 
together,  and  since  my  friend  Martin  Fleming  here  will  never 
take  a  drink  with  us,  we  have  not  had  the  opportunity  of  telling 
him  just  how  much  we  love  him,  and  I  have  this  little  emblem 
here  tonight,  an  emblem  of  honor  which  the  dentists  of  the 
State  of  I^orth  Carolina  wish  to  present  to  him.  They  give 
this  little  emblem  to  Dr.  Martin  Fleming  to  show  him  a  little 
something  of  the  love  and  appreciation  the  dentists  of  Raleigh, 
iN'orth  Carolina,  bear  toward  him.     (Applause.) 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming,  Raleigh: 

Mr.  Toastmaster :  Dr.  Horton  has  described  not  what  "he 
was,  but  what  he  should  have  been."    I  thank  him. 

The  Toastmaster: 

In  this  connection,  the  Chair  recognizes  Dr.  J.  IST.  Johnson. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson,  Goldshoro: 

Thirty-one  years  ago  I  became  a  member  of  this  Society.  My 
relation  with  the  activities  of  the  organization  over  this  period 
of  years  leaves  me  with  a  keen  knowledge  of  the  events  in  its  history 
that  have  advanced  the  dental  profession  from  a  class  of  highly 
organized  mechanics  to  a  more  highly  organized  and  respected 
profession. 

A  quarter  of  a  century  ago  our  professional  status  was  very  low. 
Under  the  statute  we  were  not  privileged  to  write  a  prescription. 
Many  dental  colleges  then  required  no  standard  of  predental  educa- 
tion, only  a  few  actually  enforced  it.  A  dental  college  was  advertising 
in  the  press  of  the  State  for  young  men  to  leave  the  farm  and  make 
a  fortune  in  dentistry.  You  can  imagine,  as  a  profession,  whither 
we  were  drifting. 


112  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Greater  devotion  toward  the  correction  of  these  evils  hath  no  man 
performed  tlian  he,  whom  we,  in  behalf  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society,  would  honor  tonight.  Turning  back  the  pages  of  the  passing 
years  I  see  him,  a  young  man,  handsome,  possessing  a  brilliant  well 
trained  mind,  fearless  yet  modest;  but  as  hard  as  chilled  steel  when 
it  came  to  enforcing  the  law  that  elevated  the  standards  of  the 
dental  profession. 

Twenty-five  years  ago,  in  recognition  of  his  valuable  contributions 
to  his  profession,  he  was  elected  President  of  this  Society.  Twenty- 
four  years  ago  he  was  elected  to  the  most  imiwrtant  iwsition  on 
your  Examining  Board.  The  Board  was  reorganized  around  him  as 
its  Secretary.  He  immediately  urged  fourteen  Carnegie  units  as  the 
standard  requirement  for  entrance  to  a  dental  college.  But  this 
required  a  statutory  enactment.  He  threw  his  heart  and  soul  into 
the  drafting  of  the  necessary  bill,  and  then  as  a  member  of  your 
Legislative  Committee  he  came  from  his  distant  city  (at  his  own 
expense)  to  attend  the  General  Assembly.  Here  after  a  day  of 
useless  effort  on  the  i>art  of  the  committee,  as  a  whole,  to  find  some 
one  to  introduce  the  bill,  he  would  not  be  defeated,  but  remained  in 
Raleigh  over  night  and  as  he  traveled  from  room  to  room  in  the  old 
Yarborough  Hotel  the  eloquence  with  which  he  presented  his  cause 
pledged  enough  members  of  that  Legislature  to  pass  the  bill.  When 
the 'bill  was  ratified,  with  that  Secretary  on  the  job,  "church  Avas 
out"  with  the  half-baked  dental  colleges,  not  without  argument, 
however. 

Tonight,  I  see  in  the  fine  personnel  of  this  Society  the  result  of 
fourteen  Carnegie  units,  and  there  are  fewer  and  better  dental 
colleges  in  the  United  States  that  are  tuniing  out  better  educated 
dentists.  This  same  young  man  conceived  in  his  mind  the  plan 
of  districting  the  State — the  result  you  see  in  your  wonderful  district 
societies.  I  wish  that  I  was  sufficiently  talented  to  write  the  saga 
of  Fred  L.  Hunt,  who  served  nearly  20  years  as  the  Secretary  of 
your  Examining  Board.  Unfortunately,  he  is  not  with  us  tonight, 
and  it  gives  me  a  great  deal  of  pleasure  to  present  to  one  of  his 
very  best  and  dearly  beloved  friends.  Dr.  W.  F.  Bell,  this  Past- 
President's  Medal,  and  ask  that  you  deliver  it  to  Dr.  Hunt  with  our 
love  and  appreciation  of  his  many  years  of  service  and  express  to 
liim  our  affection  to  him  as  a  man.    (Applause.) 

Dr.  W.  F.  Bell,  Asheville: 

Mr.  President,  members  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  So- 
ciety: Dr.  Hunt  is  not  with  us  tonight  through  any  choice  of 
his.  If  he  could  possibly  have  been  here,  you  would  see  him 
here  at  this  meeting.  Dr.  Hunt's  health  has  not  been  very 
good  for  the  last  few  years  and  he  was  not  able  to  be  here.  It 
is  a  great  honor  and  privilege  for  me  to  take  this  medal  back 
to  Dr.  Fred,  and  I  assure  you  he  will  get  it  just  as  quickly  as  I 
arrive  in  Asheville.    (Applause.) 


Containing  the  Proceedings  113 

The  Toastmaster: 

I  wish  to  recognize  at  this  time  Dr.  JSTeal  Sheffiekl. 

Dr.  N.  Sheffield,  Greensboro: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  ladies  aud  gentlemen :  It  is  a  great  pleasure 
•to  m.e  to  have  the  opportunity  tonight  to  confer  an  honor 
upon  a  man  who  is  outstanding  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina. 
This  man,  back  in  the  early  years,  did  more  than  anyone  I  know 
when  this  Association  was  young.  He  rose  up  and  was  recog- 
nized at  once  as  a  leader.  This  man  was  called  to  lead  this 
organization  back  in  1904  or  1905.  He  held  the  office  and 
executed  the  duties  with  great  distinction.  Later  he  was  called 
to  serve  as  Secretary.  He  did  not  stop  there.  He  went  on  and 
served  for  many  years  on  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners. 
Some  Avriter  has  said  that  if  we  want  roses,  we  should  plant 
some  rose  bushes.  This  man  has  been  planting  rose  bushes  along 
the  pathway  of  the  younger  dentists.  He  is  a  man  who  the  wise 
have  found  worth  while  to  seek  his  counsel.  He  is  a  man  of 
Avhom  dentistry  is  very  proud.  His  friends  in  Greensboro  felt 
we  might  in  a  small  way  hand  to  him  just  a  small  rose  from 
one  of  the  bushes  he  has  planted  by  our  wayside,  and  without 
speaking  further  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  present  a 
President's  Medal,  which  has  been  given  by  his  friends  in 
Greensboro,  to  Dr.  J.  S.  Betts  of  Greensboro.    (Applause.) 

Dr.  J.  S.  Betts: 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  let  me  say  a  word.  They  are  putting  over 
things  on  me.  Thank  you  from  the  bottom  of  my  heart ! 
(Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster: 

We  come  to  the  time  for  the  presentation  of  the  golf  prizes. 
In  this  connection  I  will  recognize  Dr.  D.  T.  Carr,  of  Durham 
and  Chapel  Hill.    Both  of  us  claim  him. 

Dr.  D.  T.  Carr,  Durham: 

We  have  eight  prizes,  donated  by  the  different  dental  supply 
houses  and  laboratories.  The  first  prize  is  won  by  Dr.  George 
Hull  of  Charlotte.    (Applause.) 

The  second  prize  is  won  by  Dr.  J.  S.  Spurgeon  of  Hillsboro. 
It  is  given  by  the  Ealeigh  Dental  Laboratory  of  Ealeigh. 


114  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Sociefi/ 

This  prize  is  won  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Branham.  This  one  goes 
to  Dr.  F.  N".  Pegg  of  Denton.  It  is  donated  by  the  Harris  Dental 
Company  of  jSTorfolk,  Virginia. 

This  prize  is  for  Dr.  C.  A.  Graham  of  Eamseur.  This  one  is 
for  Dr.  Claude  Hughes.   It  was  given  by  Powers  and  xinderson. 

I  thank  you  very  much.    (Applause.) 

Dr.  J.  P.  Jones  made  some  announcements  concerning  the 
dance. 

Dr.  II.  0.  Lineherger,  Raleigh: 

I  think  you  should  introduce  the  young  lady  to  your  left. 

The  Toastmaster: 

1  wanted  to  do  that  earlier  in  the  evening,  but  I  was  enjoying 
the  longest  uninterrupted  spell  of  conversation  I  have  ever  had. 
(Laughter.)    This  is  Mrs.  House.    (Applause.) 

President  Jachson: 

I  wish  to  thank  Mr.  House  most  kindly  for  his  entertainment 
this  afternoon.   He  is  a  most  excellent  toastmaster.    (Applause.) 

The  banquet  session  adjourned  at  9  :00  o'clock  p.m. 


SECOND  DAY— WEDNESDAY,  JUNE  7,  1933 

Election 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  9:10  o'clock  p.m.,  in  Hill 
Music  Hall,  by  President  Jackson. 

President  Jaclson:  ' 

In  North  Carolina  we  have  what  is  known  as  the  Australian 
Ballot.  The  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  is  going  to  exercise 
that  privilege  tonight.  Only  one  member  will  be  allowed  to 
vote  at  a  time. 

There  was  an  announcement  concerning  the  manner  of  voting. 
Let  me  remind  you  that  if  you  have  not  paid  your  dues,  you 
will  not  be  allowed  to  vote.  The  secretaries  of  the  districts  are 
sitting  right  at  the  door.  Do  not  embarrass  yourself  and  your 
secretary  by  coming  down  to  vote  if  you  have  not  paid  your 
dues.  He  will  not  hesitate  to  stop  you,  but  do  not  embarrass 
him  by  making  that  necessary. 


Coniaining  the  Proceedings  115 

Dr.  Harry  Keel,  Winston-Salem: 

While  we  are  waiting  here,  let  me  take  this  up.  You  fellows 
know  that  JDr.  Jones  recently  died.  His  family  has  left  in  my 
hands  a  lot  of  proceedings  of  the  State  Organization  and  some 
other  things.  These  Avere  to  be  given  to  the  State  Society  pro- 
vided they  want  them.  I  also  have  several  old  books  that  pertain 
to  dentistry  to  go  into  the  collection  if  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society  wants  them. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  this  matter  presented.  What  is  your  pleasure  ? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  believe  I  am  a  crank  on  the  preservation  of  records.  Some 
years  ago  Dr.  Spurgeon,  Dr.  Tucker,  Dr.  Davis,  and  myself 
had  complete  files  on  the  proceedings  of  the  Society.  Since 
that  time  fire  and  different  things  have  cut  it  down  until  we 
now  have  only  two  to  three  complete  sets  of  books  and  I  believe 
the  Society  should  accept  these  gladly  from  Dr.  Jones'  family 
and  probably  have  this  one  complete  set,  because  probably  in  a 
few  years,  we  cannot  complete  another  one.  I  move  that  Ave 
accept  the  offer  of  Dr.  Jones'  family  and  receive  the  books. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Morton,  Winston-Salem: 

I  would  like  to  ask  him  in  whose  name  these  things  are  to  be 
kept.    I  want  to  second  his  motion  and  ask  that  question. 

President  JacTcson: 

Dr.  Zachary  is  the  Librarian  for  the  Society  and  she  would 
have  charge  of  them. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

Davis  and  myself  have  complete  files  of  these  proceedings. 
Davis  has  expressed  a  desire  that  upon  his  death  his  set  go  to 
Duke  University.  I  expressed  a  desire  that  Avhen  I  go,  my  set 
shall  go  to  the  University  of  JSTorth  Carolina. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton: 

In  Winston-Salem  we  have  what  is  known  as  the  Wachovia 
Historical  Society  and  in  view  of  the  fact  Dr.  Jones  lived  in 
Winston-Salem,  I  would  like  to  put  in  a  bid  for  the  Wachovia 

Historical  Society  for  the  disposition  of  that  set. 


116  Bu^h'tin  North  Carolina  Dental  Societij 

Dr.  Harry  Keel : 

I  am  sorry,  but  there  is  probably  a  little  selfish  motive  on  my 
part.  I  am  perfectly  willing  to  turn  them  over  to-the  North 
Carolina  Dental  Society.  Otherwise  they  are  mine,  according  to 
the  wishes  of  the  Jones  family.  I  would  particularly  like  to 
keep  them  and  preserve  the  record.  I  could  not  let  them  go  any 
other  way.  I  Avant  them  unless  the  Society  decides  to  accept 
them. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton: 

Dr.  Keel  is  the  boss  under  the  circumstances. 

Dr.  H.  0.  Lineherger,  Raleigh: 

"Was  the  motion  seconded  that  the  Society  should  accept  these 
books  ? 

President  Jacl^son: 
Was  it? 

The  Floor: 
Yes. 

Dr.  H.  0.  Lineherger: 

If  we  are  to  have  a  Library,  I  think  it  very  fitting  that  the 
iSJ"orth  Carolina  Dental  Society  should  take  these  and  enter  them 
in  our  Library. 

PresideU't  Jachson: 

Is  there  any  further  discussion?  (Pause.)  Are  you  ready 
for  the  question? 

The  Floor: 

Yes. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jackson: 

N'ominations  are  in  order  for  President-Elect  of  the  North 
Carolina  Dental  Society. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie  made  an  announcement  regarding  the  man- 
ner of  voting. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  117 

Men,  make  your  nominating  speeches  short  and  to  the  point. 
This  is  not  a  joke,  and  we  Avant  to  handle  it  in  a  business-like 
manner.    Do  I  hear  a  nomination  for  President  ? 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton,  Winston-Salem: 

In  compliance  with  your  request,  I  will  make  my  nomination 
speech  very  short.  I  want  to  say  that  the  man  I  am  going  to 
nominate  is  an  operator  of  recognized  ability.  He  is  a  man 
who  has  been  in  practice  quite  a  long  while.  He  is  a  man 
Avhose  integrity  is  unimpeachable.  He  is  a  man  who  will  fill 
the  position,  I  am  sure,  with  credit.  That  man  is  none  other 
than  Dr.  L.  M.  Edwards  of  Durham. 

Dr.  Harry  Keel,  Winstoiv-Salem: 

May  I  say  a  word?  It  happened  to  be  my  privilege  a  few 
years  ago  to  be  associated  with  Dr.  Edwards.  He  is  an  operator 
and  a  dentist,  and  a  man  that  can't  be  beat.  I  know,  because 
I  was  very  close  to  him.  He  is  a  man  that  is  always  willing 
to  stop  and  take  time  to  help  a  young  man  along.  I  learned  more 
in  dentistry  in  the  few  months  I  was  with  Dr.  Edwards,  than 
I  ever  learned  before.  He  was  always  ready  to  stop  and  come 
in  and  help  me.  Gentlemen,  if  you  elect  Dr.  Edwards  tonight 
as  your  next  President-Elect,  I  am  sure  you  will  never  regret 
it.  He  is  a  man  who  will  give  time  and  effort  to  the  affairs  of 
our'  Association.  I  am  sure  you  will  be  repaid  if  you  elect  Dr. 
Edwards.   I  second  the  nomination. 

Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett,  Charlotte: 

As  a  member  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  and  one  of 
the  younger  men,  I  would  like  to  say  that  I  have  had  the  pleas- 
ure of  seeing  some  of  Dr.  Edwards'  work,  and  I  find  that  it 
has  been  an  inspiration  to  me,  and  I  have  always  looked  up  to 
him  with  an  attitude  very  much  like  this,  "If  I  could  be  that 
good,  I  would  be  satisfied !" 

Dr.  D.  K.  Loci-hart,  Durham: 

I  would  like  to  say  that  I  have  practiced  dentistry  across  the 
street  from  Dr.  Edwards  for  the  last  fifteen  years.  It  is  with  a 
great  deal  of  pleasure  that  I  endorse  his  nomination. 

Dr.  Henry  C.  Carr,  Dui'ham: 

Seventeen  years  ago  I  moved  to  Durham  to  practice  dentistry. 
I  went  to  see  Dr.  Edwards  and  the  others.    They  gave  me  a 


118  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

warm  welcome  and  assured  me  that  they  were  delighted  to  have 
me  come  to  Durham  and  that  they  were  always  glad  to  have 
honest  competition.  Since  that  time  I  have  practiced  side  by 
side  with  Dr.  Edwards,  and  I  find  him  to  be  a  straight-shooter. 
He  is  one  of  the  best  dentists  in  North  Carolina.  He  turns  out 
good  work.  ISTothing  gives  me  more  pleasure  than  to  endorse  Dr. 
Edwards  of  Durham  for  election  to  this  position. 

Dr.  I.  R.  Self,  Lincolnfon: 

I  have  known  Dr.  Edwards  for  about  thirty-one  years.  I 
finished  one  year  before  he  did,  and  I  want  to  endorse  his 
nomination  and  election. 

Dr.  S.  L.  Bohhitt,  Raleigh  : 

I  move  that  the  nominations  be  closed. 

Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett: 
I  second  the  motion. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson: 

I  would  like  to  amend  that  motion,  with  the  permission  of  the 
man  who  seconded  it,  to  read  that  the  Secretary  be  instructed 
to  cast  the  vote  of  the  Society  for  Dr.  Edwards. 

Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett: 

I  second  the  motion,  with  the  amendment. 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  cast  the  unanimous  vote  of  the 
North  Carolina  Dental  Society  for  Dr.  L.  M.  Edwards  of  Dur- 
ham for  President-Elect  of  the  Society.    (Applause.) 

President  JacJcson: 

I  am  j)leased  at  this  time  to  recognize  Dr.  EdAvards.  Will 
you  stand  up?    (Applause.) 

The  next  order  of  business  is  the  election  of  a  Vice-President. 
jSTominations  are  in  order  for  a  Vice-President. 

Dr.  Paul  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

We  have  been  having  a  most  wonderful  time  in  Chapel  Hill. 
There  are  two  young  fellows  in  Chapel  Hill  who  have  worked 


Containing  the  Proceedings  119 

hard  to  make  our  stay  pleasant.  I  would  like  to  take  this 
opportunity  to  nominate  Dr.  J.  P.  Jones  of  Chapel  Hill  for 
Vice-President. 

The  Floor: 
Seconded. 

President  Jade  son: 

Are  there  other  nominations? 

Dr.  Harry  Keel,  W inston^Salem : 

I  move  that  the  nominations  be  closed  and  that  the  Secretary 
cast  the  vote  for  Dr.  J.  P.  Jones,  of  Chapel  Hill. 

Dr.  Henry  C.  Carr,  Durham: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  unanimously  carried. 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  cast  the  unanimous  vote  of  the 
iN'orth  Carolina  Dental  Society  for  Dr.  J.  P.  Jones  of  Chapel 
Hill  for  Vice-President. 

President  JacTcson: 

Dr.  Jones,  I  am  pleased  to  recognize  you.    (Applause.) 

The  next  in  order  is  the  nomination  of  Secretary-Treasurer. 

Dr.  A.  Pitt  Beam,  Shelby: 

I  would  like  to  make  a  nomination  speech,  and  I  will  make 
it  very,  very  short.  It  gives  me  a  great  deal  of  pleasure  to 
renominate  for  reelection  our  last  efficient  and  capable  Secre- 
tary, Dr.  Pridgen.    (Applause.) 

The  Floor: 
Seconded. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  move  that  the  nominations  be  closed  and  that  the  Secre- 
tary— that  the  President  cast  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  Society 
for  Dr.  Pridgen. 


120  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  Neal  Sheffield: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Hoiole,  Raleigh: 

Mr.  President,  I  move  that  the  Election  Committee  be  dis- 
charged!    (Laughter.) 

President  Jackson: 

If  we  don't  get  some  action  in  ten  minutes,  I'll  discharge 
the  committee. 

Quite  a  few  flowers  have  been  strewn  today,  some  not  so 
Avorthily  bestowed — I  am  talking  about  myself.  Dr.  Fleming — 
but  with  all  due  respect  to  everybody  and  the  work  done  by 
everybody  in  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  in  the  past 
year,  there  could  not  have  been  one  who  could  have  done 
better  than  LeRoy  Pridgen.  If  one  of  you  had  written  to 
LeRoy  Pridgen  and  did  not  receive  an  answer,  you  might  just 
have  known  that  Roy  didn't  get  it.  He  has  not  laid  down  on  a 
single  job.  He  has  not  failed  to  function  at  a  single  place  at  a 
single  time  in  any  instance.  If  he  has,  I  don't  know  it,  and 
I  don't  believe  you  do.  It  is  one  of  the  greatest  pleasures 
of  my  life  to  cast  this,  my  vote  and  your  vote,  and  the  vote 
of  this  Society  for  LeRoy  Pridgen,  unanimously  again,  for  the 
Secretary  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society.  I  knov  that 
Dr.  Branch  will  benefit  by  having  LeRoy  Pridgen  as  his 
Secretary. 

I  believe  that  takes  care  of  all  the  officers  of  the  Society. 
The  next  in  line  for  election  is  two  members  of  the  State  Board. 
Dr.  S.  B.  Bivens  died  in  February  and  the  first  in  order  will 
be  a  successor  to  Dr.  Bivens,  deceased.  Nominations  are  in 
order  for  a  successor  to  Dr.  Bivens  on  the  State  Board. 

Dr.  W.  D.  Gihhs,  Charlotte: 

I  would  like  to  place  a  nomination  for  a  man  Avhom  I  think 
most  suitably  qualified  in  every  respect  to  fill  the  vacancy 
created  by  the  most  untimely  death  of  our  fellow  tOAvnsman,  Dr. 
Bivens.  I  have  in  mind  the  name  of  a  man  whom  I  think  has 
honored  dentistry  in  North  Carolina.  I  think  of  peculiar  signifi- 
cance is  the  fact  that  the  dentists  of  Charlotte,  and  I  understand 
this  is  one  of  the  few  occasions  if  not  the  only  occasion,  that 
the  dentists  of  Charlotte  have  been  unanimous  in  their  desire 


Containing  the  Proceedings  121 

that  this  man  should  succeed  our  beloved  aud  lamented  fellow- 
townsman,  Dr.  Bivens,  whom  the  All-wise  Providence  saw  fit  to 
remove  before  the  completion  of  his  office.  I  would  like  to 
add  just  a  little  personal  touch  to  the  man  whom  I  propose 
to  nominate.  It  has  been  my  peculiar  pleasure  and  distinct 
privilege  to  have  known  him  for  some  six  or  seven  years,  and 
in  regard  to  the  service  he  has  rendered  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society,  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  being  with  him  in 
almost  every  district  in  North  Carolina,  and  therefore,  I  am  a 
personal  witness  to  the  service  he  has  rendered  in  North  Caro- 
lina. I  have  been  with  him  throughout  the  State.  He  has 
rendered  many  services  to  dentistry.  His  modesty  will  not 
permit  him  to  say  it.  We  went  down  to  the  Legislature  with 
the  other  men.  It  was  under  his  leadership  and  his  own  expense 
we  took  steps  to  strengthen  the  law.  It  made  our  law  a  splendid 
law,  one  that  makes  the  practice  of  dentistry  ethical  in  North 
Carolina.  The  law  that  we  had  previously,  although  an  excellent 
law,  did  not  have  the  teeth  in  it  that  it  should  have  had.  This 
man  saw  that.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  see  it.  It  was  said 
it  could  not  be  put  through  because  of  red  tape  and  legislative 
delay.  That  is  the  law  to  curb  advertising  and  the  unethical 
procedure  of  soliciting  practice  in  North  Carolina.  Few  of  us 
realize  the  debt  we  owe  this  man  for  that  service  alone.  The 
law  was  put  through  and — I  do  not  mean  to  give  him  sole 
eredit — ^he  was  instrumental  and  I  am  sure  he  was  the  leading 
force  in  it.  We  owe  him  many  other  debts.  He  has  given  liber- 
ally in  his  service  to  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society. 

I  think  that  in  the  office  of  the  Examiner  the  man  we  select 
to  examine  the  future  dentists  coming  into  our  State  should 
have  distinct  qualifications.  I  think  above  all,  this  man  should 
be  qualified.  It  is  true  that  it  is  a  political  office.  However,  he 
should  have  qualifications  for  the  office.  The  man  I  am  going  to 
nominate  tonight — I  know  many  men  qualified  by  nineteen 
consecutive  years  that  I  have  been  a  member  of  the  North 
Carolina  Dental  Society,  but  there  are  few  who  can  exceed 
him  in  his  ability  as  a  student  of  dentistry.  He  stands  first 
place  in  dentistry,  both  in  theory  and  in  the  practical  part, 
and  I  think  that  in  the  selection  and  election  of  this  man  whom 
I  hope  you  will  elect  that  you  will  not  only  honor  him  for  the 
office,  but  I  want  to  say  very  frankly  that  he  honors  you  in  the 
office.  Sometimes  the  office  honors  the  man  and  sometimes  the 
man  honors  the  office.  I  have  found  him  such  a  lovely  character 
that  I  would  like  to  say  more.    He  is  a  personal  friend,  but  I 


122  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

realize  what  the  President  has  said.  I  think,  though,  that  when 
a  town  of  sixty  dentists  comes  unanimously  to  the  conclusion 
that  there  is  one  man  they  want,  it  is  about  as  strong  a  recom- 
mendation as  he  could  have.  It  gives  me  peculiar  pleasure  and 
it  is  a  privilege  to  place  the  name  of  Dr.  Ealph  Jarrett  of 
Charlotte  for  nomination  to  succeed  our  fellow  townsman,  Dr. 
Bivens.    (Applause.) 

Dr.  V.  E.  Bell,  Raleigh: 

This  is  one  of  the  happiest  occasions  of  my  life.  The  man  I 
will  nominate  tonight,  I  have  known  for  seventeen  years.  I 
was  in  school  with  him  and  roomed  with  him.  I  know  him  to 
be  one  of  the  most  loyal,  sincere,  and  reliable  men  I  have 
ever  come  in  contact  with.  Anything  that  you  give  this  fellow 
to  do,  he  will  do  it,  and  do  it  well.  He  accomplishes  what  he 
starts  to  do.  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  present  the  name 
of  Dr.  0.  L.  Presnell,  of  Asheboro.    (Applause.) 

President  JacJcson: 

Are  there  other  nominations? 

Dr.  D.  B.  Mizell,  Charlotte: 

I  feel  very  happy,  because  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to 
second  one  nomination  that  has  been  placed  before  this  Society. 
This  man  has  worked  hard.  He  has  given  unlimited  time  to 
the  organization  of  dentistry  in  this  State.  He  has  been  tested, 
tried,  and  has  proved  himself  worthy  and  capable.  This  man 
whose  nomination  I  wish  to  second  here  is  a  man  of  honor,  a 
man  of  ability,  one  whom  all  can  trust.  I  Avish  to  second  the 
nomination  of  Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett. 

President  Jaclson: 

Are  there  other  nominations? 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler,  Greeiishoro : 

I  want  to  second  the  nomination  of  Dr.  Presnell  of  Asheboro. 
I  have  known  Dr.  Presnell  intimately  for  a  number  of  years 
and  have  studied  him  quite  closely.  He  did  not  know  I  Avas 
studying  him.  He  has  all  the  qualifications  that  it  takes  to  make 
a  State  Board  Examiner.  He  has  poise.  He  has  ability.  He 
never  gets  rattled  and  he  has  that  peculiar  something  that  I 
Avould  like  to  term  foresight.  He  is  constantly  looking  ahead  to 
see  what  is  best  for  his  chosen  profession.   Recently  he  appeared 


Containing  the  Proceedings  123 

before  the  State  Medical  Society  as  our  representative,  and  tie 
was  received  most  cordially  and  his  effort  before  that  Society 
has  caused  very  much  favorable  comment.  I  can  enumerate 
many  things  I  know  about  this  man,  but  I  will  not  take  your 
time  to  do  that.  I  simply  want  to  add  my  hearty  endorsement 
to  the  nomination  of  Dr.  Presnell  of  Asheboro. 

Dr.  John  Sivaim,  Ashehoro : 

I  was  never  on  the  floor  of  the  ]Srorth  Carolina  Dental  Society 
in  my  life  until  now,  but  I  just  had  to  get  up  and  say  a  word 
for  Dr.  Presnell.  He  is  on  one  end  of  the  hall  and  I  am  on  the 
other,  the  same  hall,  the  same  building.  He  has  a  key  to  my 
door,  I  have  one  to  his.  If  there  is  anything  I  need,  I  get  it. 
He  does  the  same  way.  I  know  him  personally  and  very  well, 
and  I  want  to  endorse  him  for  this  nomination. 

Dr.  A.  S.  Bumgardner,  Charlotte: 

I  believe  Dr.  Presnell  is  from  the  Third  District.  He  is  a 
fine  man.  I  have  nothing  but  the  best  regards  for  Dr.  Presnell. 
We  are  from  the  Second  District.  We  elected  a  President-Elect 
from  the  Third  District.  We  elected  a  Vice-President  from  the 
Third  District,  and  now  the  Third  District  is  asking  for  a 
man  on  the  Board  from  their  district.  We  must  get  proper 
representation  in  ISTorth  Carolina.  We  did  not  ask  for  any 
other  man.  We  are  solid  behind  one  man.  We  are  not  after 
all  the  jobs.  We  agree  with  you  people  in  the  Third  District 
that  you  have  a  good  man.  We  have  a  good  man,  too.  We  just 
ask  that  you  cooperate.  We  cooperated  with  you,  and  that  is 
all  we  could  ask  of  you.  We  don't  mind  giving  and  taking, 
but  we  don't  want  you  to  take  it  all,  boys. 

Dr.  Geo.  C.  Hull,  Charlotte: 

Mr.  President,  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  endorse  the  nomi- 
nation of  Dr.  Jarrett.  I  was  in  college  with  Dr.  Jarrett  and  I 
happen  to  know  a  little  bit  of  the  bringing  up  of  Dr.  Jarrett. 
I  feel  like  Dr.  Jarrett  is  particularly  qualified  to  fill  the  Ex- 
aminer's chair  and  another  thing,  Mr.  President :  No  one  has 
mentioned  it,  as  you  will  remember,  and  Dr.  Neal  Sheffield 
kept  talking  about  a  preceptor.  I  don't  believe  a  man  in  the 
room  has  ever  had  a  preceptor  that  has  done  as  much  for 
dentistry  in  N'orth  Carolina  as  it  has  been  Dr.  Jarrett's  privilege 
and  Dr.  Charles  Alexander.    If  there  is  a  man  in  the  Society 


124  BulJetin  Norih  Carolina  Dental  Society 

better  qualified  to  carry  on  not  only  in  theory  but  in  practice 
and  not  only  to  fight  the  unethical,  the  advertising  men,  but  to 
stand  solidly  behind  the  ethical  man,  I  don't  know  of  him. 

Dr.  R.  M.  Olive,  Faijetteville: 

It  seems  all  the  speakers  for  this  nomination  are  from  Char- 
lotte. I  would  like  to  add  a  word  from  another  district,  another 
town.  I  agree  with  Dr.  Amos  Bumgardner,  that  it  seems  like 
we  are  taking  things  away  from  the  Second  District  and  Char- 
lotte. It  is  true  that  the  other  man  is  a  good  man.  I  haven't 
had  the  opportunity,  of  course,  of  coming  in  contact  with  a 
practitioner  as  I  have  with  Dr.  Ealph  Jarrett.  I  know  the 
Charlotte  men  quite  well,  and  they  are  all  good  men.  You  won't 
find  a  better  man  than  Ralph  Jarrett.  There  is  not  a  straighter 
shooter  than  Ralph.  He  will  lend  dignity  to  his  local  society 
and  to  our  State  organization.   I  wish  to  second  his  nomination. 

It  was  moved  and  seconded  that  the  nominations  be  closed. 

The  motion  was  carried  and  the  members  were  instructed  to 
be  prepared  to  vote. 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

Before  we  begin  to  vote,  I  would  like  to  suggest  that  Dr. 
Mizell  be  accorded  the  privilege  of  naming  someone  to  vote  for 
him,  on  account  of  being  crippled. 

President  Jackson: 

We  will  allow  Dr.  Mizell  to  cast  his  ballot  by  writing  the 
name  of  his  candidate  upon  a  piece  of  paper.   It  will  be  counted. 

The  members  voted. 

I  declare  the  ballot  closed.  The  committee  will  give  us  the 
results,  and  make  it  snappy. 

Nominations  are  in  order  for  the  place  now  held  by  Dr.  D,  E. 
McConnell  on  the  Board. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson,  Goldshoro  : 

I  would  like  to  put  in  a  nomination  for  a  young  man  who 
stands  mid-way  on  the  threshold  of  life,  at  that  age  wherein  his 
mind  is  seasoned  by  a  sufficient  number  of  years  to  make  him 
worthy  and  qualify  him  not  only  as  an  examiner,  but  as  a 
practitioner.  He  is  a  man,  he  is  a  gentleman,  he  is  without  an 
equal  that  I  know  of,  and  certainly  he  has  no  superiors.  He 
has  the  voice  of  a  gentleman,  the  actions  of  a  gentleman.  The 
brain  within  his  cranium  is  well  qualified  to  execute  the  duties 


Containing  the  Proceedings  125 

of  examiner.  I  say  to  you  with  all  sincerity  that  the  most 
important  position  of  any  within  the  gift  of  this  organization 
is  that  of  your  Exam.ining  Board.  It  is  the  guardian  gate  of 
the  profession.  It  stands  between  you,  and  not  only  you  but 
the  people,  and  observes  the  law,  and  judges  the  temperament 
of  young  men  who  apply  for  license,  and  to  judge  wisely  and 
Avell  is  indeed  a  thing  to  be  considered  when  you  make  a  man  an 
Examiner.  I  put  in  his  nomination.  He  is  not  an  old  man. 
He  is  not  a  young  man,  but  a  man  well  qualified.  Dr.  William 
r.  Bell  of  Asheville,  ISTorth  Carolina. 

President  Jackson: 

At  this  time  we  will  hear  the  report  of  the  Election  Com- 
mittee.  Dr.  Howie. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie,  Raleigh: 

Gentlemen,  we  declare  that  Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett  has  been 
elected.    (Applause.) 

President  Jackson: 

I  declare  Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett  elected.  Are  there  other  nomi- 
nations ? 

Dr.  S.  R.  Norton,  Raleigh: 

I  would  like  to  second  the  nomination  of  Billy  Bell  of  Ashe- 
ville for  the  Examining  Board.  I  think  he  is  tempermentally 
and  intellectually  qualified  for  this  position.  That  is  about 
all  you  can  say  of  any  man.  I  think  he  is  dependable.  I  believe 
if  he  is  put  on  the  Examining  Board  he  is  going  to  fill  his 
niche  with  honor  and  he  is  going  to  reflect  honor  on  this  Society. 
Dr.  Billy  Bell  has  some  particularly  close  friends,  and  they 
know  him  well.   He  is  true  blue  and  well  worth  your  confidence. 

President  Jackson: 

Are  there  any  other  nominations? 

Dr.  R.  A.  Little,  Asheville: 

Ladies  and  gentlemen :  With  all  due  respect  to  my  friend 
Billy  Bell  and  I  don't  think  I  have  any  better  friend,  there 
comes  a  time  in  the  affairs  of  the  Society  and  the  State  Board 
of  Dental  Examiners  when  there  must  be  fire.  I  want  to  say 
in  this  last  proposition  we  had  coming  before  the  State  Board 
of  Dental  Examiners  there  M^as  no  man  who  stood  more  staunch 


126  BuUetin  North  Carolina  Denial  Society 

for  what  was  right  than  the  man  I  am  going  to  nominate  to 
succeed  himself,  Dr.  D.  E.  McConnell  of  Gastonia.  At  the 
time  when  we  needed  men  who  have  backbone,  he  was  there. 
This  was  not  an  easy  fight,  gentlemen.  This  was  not  a  thing 
you  could  pass  over  easily.  There  are  some  men  in  this  house 
who  know  something  about  what  we  went  through  with  up  in 
Asheville.  I  would  not  do  a  thing  that  would  hurt  my  friend 
Billy  Bell  in  his  race  for  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners.  I 
know  he  is  a  good  man.  There  is  no  better  in  the  State  of 
jSTorth  Carolina.  But  I  do  know  that  no  man  has  done  his  duty 
more  nobly  than  Dr.  McConnell  of  Gastonia  and  I  think  that 
this  Society  owes  it  to  him  to  reelect  him  to  this  position.  I 
know  that  Dr.  McConnell  went  out  of  his  way  to  help  us  in 
this  case,  and  we  have  got  numerous  cases  like  that  in  xVsheville. 
There  are  men  probably  in  North  Carolina  in  this  Dental 
Society  who  do  not  know  as  much  about  that  as  you  men  who 
have  been  on  the  State  Board.  It  is  a  hard  proposition  for  men 
to  face.  This  man  came  down  before  the  State  Board  and  made 
his  own  argument.  I  felt  sorry  for  him.  I  feel  sorry  for  him 
now.  He  made  a  plea  that  would  almost  bring  tears  to  your 
eyes,  and  if  you  would  believe  what  he  said  about  it,  you  would 
be  bound  to  turn  him  loose,  and  yet  Dr.  D.  E.  McConnell  was 
one  man  who  stood  staunch  with  the  committee  from  xlsheville 
in  prosecuting  this  man.  I  nominate  Dr.  D.  E.  McConnell  of 
Gastonia. 

Dr.  Harry  Keel,  W  Inst  on- Sal  em  : 

I  would  just  like  to  endorse  the  nomination  of  Dr.  Bell. 
Talking  about  fair  play  that  Dr.  Little  started  oif  with :  You 
fellows  that  like  to  bird  hunt  and  go  fishing  will  appreciate 
this.  Dr.  Bell  is  a  man  that  if  you  go  hunting,  and  you  both 
shoot  at  a  bird,  he  never  hits  it.  You  always  hit  it.  He  is  the 
fairest  man  in  the  world.  I  don't  think  there  is  any  question 
about  it  at  all.  There  is  not  a  man  in  our  Society  more  qualified 
to  examine  young  men  than  Billy  Bell.  He  is  a  man  that  wants 
to  give  everybody  a  fair  deal.    I  endorse  his  nomination. 

President  Jacl'son  : 

I  declare  the  nominations  closed.    You  will  prepare  to  vote. 

The  members  voted. 

The  next  in  order  for  nomination  is  one  delegate  to  the 
American  Dental  Association  in  Chicago. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  127 

Dr.  J.  H.   Wheeler,  Greensboro: 

I  am  nominating  our  present  President  to  represent  ns.  I 
think  lie  is  the  proper  man  to  do  it. 

llie  Floor: 
Seconded. 

Br.  J.  Martin'  Fleming,  Raleigh  : 

I  move  that  the  nominations  be  closed  and  that  Dr.  Wheeler 
be  instructed  to  cast  the  Tote  of  the  Society. 

Dr.  Fleming  put  the  question  and  the  motion  was  unanimously 
carried. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

I  take  pleasure  of  casting  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  Society 
for  President  Jackson.    (Applause.) 

President  Jachson: 

I  don't  believe  the  election  was  right.   I  think  it  is  all  wrong. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler: 

You  are  elected.    Shut  up!    (Laughter.) 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

We  Avill  do  it  over  if  you  say  so. 

President  Jaclson: 

The  next  order  is  the  nomination  and  election  of  three  alter- 
nates to  the  A.  D.  A.  meeting.  Each  delegate  is  elected  for 
three  years.  We  have  two  already.  At  this  time  we  must  elect 
three  alternates  in  the  event  that  some  delegate  should  be  sick 
and  could  not  go. 

Dr.  R.  A.  Little,  Asheville: 

I  would  like  to  place  a  nomination  for  Dr.  'Nat  Maddux 
of  Asheville.    He  is  going,  I  know  that. 

Dr.  C.  E.  Minges,  Rocky  Mount: 

I  would  like  to  place  the  name  of  Dr.  Paul  Jones,  the  man 
who  has  religiously  attended  the  National  meeting  for  several 
years. 


128  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Jresident  Jaclvson  : 

There  is  one  other  nomination. 

Dr.  R.  M.  Olive,  Fayetteville: 

I  would  like  to  nominate  Dr.  C.  C.  Poindexter  of  Greensboro. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming,  Raleigh  : 

I  move  that  the  nominations  be  closed  and  the  Constitution 
suspended,  and  that  these  three  men  be  elected  unanimously. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jaclson: 

I  declare  these  three  men  elected  alternate  delegates  to  the 
A.  D.  A.  meeting. 

"We  will  now  have  the  report  of  the  Election  Committee. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie,  Raleigh: 

Your  committee  wishes  to  report  that  Dr.  Bell  of  Asheville 
has  been  elected  to  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners.    (Applause.) 

President  Jachson  : 

Dr.  Bell  having  received  a  majority  of  the  votes,  I  declare 
him  duly  elected  to  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners. 

The  next  order  is  the  selection  of  the  place  for  the  meeting  in 
1934.  Long  speeches  won't  get  the  Convention.  Tell  us  where 
you  want  to  go. 

Dr.  R.  A.  Little,  Asheville: 

It  is  a  time-honored  custom  of  folks  from  Asheville  to  invite 
you  up  there.  We  can  get  a  real  rate  out  at  the  Grove  Park  Inn 
and  can  make  that  headquarters.  Don't  let  the  name  scare  you. 
We  can  get  a  good  rate  and  we  want  you  to  come  up  to  Asheville 
again  and  we  will  be  glad  to  have  you.  I  move  that  the  nomi- 
nations be  closed  and  that  we  go  to  Asheville. 

Dr.  I.  R.  Self,  Lincolnton: 

I  second  the  nomination  that  we  go  to  Asheville. 

Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett,  Charlotte: 

I  would  like  for  this  Society  to  meet  in  Charlotte  next  year. 
It  is  a  good  place,  suburb  of  Gastonia.    (Laughter.) 


Containing  the  Proceedings  129 

Dr.  D.  B.  Mizell,  Charlotte: 

I  second  the  motion  that  we  meet  in  Charlotte. 

President  Jaclson: 

Asheville  and  Charlotte.    Any  other  towns? 

Dr.  H.  L.  Keith,  Wilmington: 

The  TVilniiugton  dentists  invite  this  Association  to  meet  at 
Wrightsville  Beach  next  summer. 

Dr.  R.  A.  Little,  Asheville: 

Will  you  Asheville  dentists  please  refrain  from  voting  for 
Wrightsville  Beach  as  usual?    (Laughter.) 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

I  have  numerous  invitations  here.  I  have  an  invitation  from 
my  home  town.  "Please  present  to  Convention  on  behalf  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  people  of  Fayetteville  a 
warm-hearted  invitation  to  hold  next  year's  Convention  here." 

I  have  a  telegram  from  Charlotte  Chamber  of  Commerce 
inviting  us  to  go  there,  and  also  have  a  letter  from  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  there. 

Here  is  one  from  the  Asheville  Chamber  of  Commerce  uring 
us  to  meet  at  Asheville. 

We  have  another  one  from  Pinehurst,  the  Carolina  Hotel, 
urging  us  to  meet  over  there. 

Here  is  one  from  the  Oceanic  Hotel  at  Wrightsville  Beach, 
urging  us  to  meet  there. 

Here  is  another  one  from  the  Wilmington  Lions  Club.  The 
Wilmington  Chamber  of  Commerce  wants  us  to  meet  there. 

Here  is  one  from  the  Seashore  Hotel  at  Wrightsville. 

The  Tide  Water  Power  Company  wants  to  ride  us  over  to 
the  beach. 

The  town  of  Wrightsville  Beach  wants  to  look  after  us. 

The  Walker  Taylor  Insurance  Company  wants  to  insure  us 
while  we  are  there. 

President  Jaclson : 

I  would  like  to  remind  you  that  time  the  date  of  meeting 
will  be  set  by  the  Executive  Committee.  Your  Executive  Com- 
mittee did  not  have  anything  to  do  except  to  come  to  Chapel 
Hill  when  they  could  take  care  of  us.  We  came  just  as  soon 
as  they  could  accommodate  us. 


130  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Sociefj/ 

Dr.  J.  C.  Watl-ins,  Winstoii-Salem  : 

I  move  that  we  go  to  Wrightsville  Beach  if  the  Executive 
Committee  will  fix  an  agreeable  date  for  the  meeting. 

Dr.  Neal  Sheifield,  Greensboro: 

Since  there  has  been  no  invitation  from  Greensboro,  I  would 
like  to  read  a  telegram :  "Greensboro  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
Merchants  Association,  and  city  officials  cordially  invite  the 
JNTorth  Carolina  Dental  Society  to  hold  its  next  meeting  here. 
Assure  adequate  facilities  and  full  cooperation  toward  making 
meeting  thoroughly  successful."  It  is  signed  by  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  the  Merchants  Association,  Roger  W.  Harrison, 
Mayor,  and  by  the  Chief  of  Police. 

President  Jaclcson: 

Are  there  any  other  invitations?    (Pause.)    Let's  vote  on  it. 

Dr.  II.  0.  Lineherger,  Raleigh: 

I  think  the  I^orth  Carolina  Dental  Society  is  entitled  to  a 
little  information  as  to  prices.  I  haven't  a  thing  in  the  world 
against  Asheville,  but  I  don't  think  it  is  fair  for  us  to  go  to 
their  city  and  have  the  hotel  people  put  up  the  rates  for  the 
members  of  the  Society  and  make  them  pay  one  dollar  more 
instead  of  one  dollar  less,  and  then  tell  us  the  reason  is  that 
we  used  the  ballroom,  I  think  we  should  have  an  understanding 
about   that. 

Dr.  R.  A.  Little,  AsheviUe: 

May  I  remind  Dr.  Lineherger  we  are  kind  of  used  to  having 
conventions  come  to  Asheville.  As  a  matter  of  fact  we  have  some 
come  there  with  fifteen  hundred  to  two  thousand  men.  No 
hotel  in  Asheville  has  ever  gone  up  on  any  rate  for  conventions 
and  I  want  to  assure  you  that  regardless  of  what  you  might 
think  about  it,  we  can  get  a  good  rate  at  the  Grove  Park  Inn, 
one  of  the  leading  hotels  in  the  South.  I  can  tell  you  it  will  be 
lower  than  the  rate  you  would  pay  at  Pinehurst.  I  know  that 
for  a  fact.  I  did  not  come  down  here  with  any  descriptive 
literature  and  telegrams  from  the  various  ministerial  bodies 
inviting  you  up  there,  but  I  am  sure  the  Chief  of  Police  of  the 
town  would  be  glad  to  see  you.  The  mayor  would  too,  and  vari- 
ous other  people.  People  are  used  to  coming  to  Asheville;  and 
we  put  on  a  big  show  for  them  when  they  do  come. 


Containing  ilie  Proceedings  131 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton,  Winston-Salem: 

I  move  that  the  whole  question  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the 
Executive  Committee  and  that  it  have  full  power  to  act. 

Dr.  J.  X.  Johnson,  GoJdsboro: 

Before  that  motion  goes  into  effect,  I  would  like  to  read  a 
telegram  I  received :  "Hotel  Goldsboro  extends  invitation  to  the 
Dentists  Association  to  meet  here  in  1934.  They  will  be  charged 
a  minimum  rate.  There  is  ample  accommodation  for  head- 
quarters and  banquet."  We  trust  that  you  will  meet  with  us. 
I  want  to  say  that  we  haven't  got  a  Chief  of  Police  down  there, 
but  old  J.  ]Sr.  Johnson  is  down  there  and,  by  gosh,  he  extends 
a  cordial  invitation  from  the  bottom  of  his  heart.  If  you  come 
down  there,  I  will  see  that  you  have  a  good  time.  I  will  even 
see  that  old  J.  Martin  Fleming  gets  a  grapefruit!    (Laughter.) 

Dr.  A.  H.  Fleming,  Louishurg : 
I  second  Dr.  Horton's  motion. 

President  JacTcson: 

You  have  heard  Dr.  Horton's  motion  and  Dr.  Arthur  Flem- 
ing's second.  It  was  that  the  meeting  place  and  time  for  the 
meeting  be  left  up  to  the  Executive  Committee.  Is  there  any 
discussion  ? 

Dr.  A.  H.  Fleming,  Louishurg: 

I  am  opposed  to  that,  due  to  the  fact  that  these  things  come 
up  on  the  floor  and  they  should  be  settled  on  the  floor.  If  we 
have  to  pay  high  rates,  sleep  in  a  boarding  house,  or  sleep  in  a 
barn,  let's  decide  this  thing  here  and  now,  and  know  just  where 
we  do  go. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

I  doubt  the  wisdom  of  that  procedure.  Were  I  on  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  I  would  not  wish  that  thrust  upon  me  as  a 
member.  This  body  of  men  is  supposed  to  select  a  meeting  place. 
It  is  our  duty  under  the  By-Laws  to  select  a  place.  Don't  push 
an  additional  obligation  and  responsibility  upon  the  Executive 
Committee.  I  think  it  would  not  be  fair  to  push  it  off  on  them. 
I  make  that  amendment  to  the  motion. 


132  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  R.  A.  Little,  Asheville: 

May  I  remind  the  Chair  that  there  is  no  choice  in  this  mat- 
ter. We  have  to  select  the  place.  The  Executive  Committee 
may  change  it,  but  Ave  must  decide  on  the  place  here. 

President  JacJcson : 

I  will  rule  with  Dr.  Little. 
We  will  j)roceed  to  vote. 

Dr.  R.  A.  Little,  Asheville: 

I  move  that  we  vote  on  the  last  place  first.  Vote  starting  at 
the  bottom  and  go  up. 

President  Jachson: 

We  will  vote  on  Goldsboro  first.  All  those  in  favor  of  having 
the  meeting  at  Goldsboro  will  please  stand  and  be  counted. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson,  Goldshoro : 

I  am  not  asking  you  to  go  there  just  for  the  pleasure  of  asking, 
but  inviting  you  from  the  bottom  of  my  heart.  We  won't  charge 
you  six  or  seven  dollars  a  day.  We  can  sleep  and  feed  you  on 
two  dollars  a  day,  and  give  you  just  as  good  a  time  as  anybody. 

President  Jackson: 

That  man  called  John  Johnson  can  select  one  of  the  best 
steaks  you  ever  bit  into. 

The  next  place  to  Goldsboro  was  Fayetteville.  Stand  and  be 
counted. 

The  next  place  was  Pinehurst.    Stand  and  be  counted. 

As  many  in  favor  of  going  to  Greensboro  will  please  stand. 

All  in  favor  of  going  to  Charlotte  will  please  stand. 

All  those  in  favor  of  going  to  Wrightsville  Beach  Avill  please 
stand  up  and  be  counted  by  the  Secretary.  (Applause.)  Kemain 
standing  until  counted. 

All  that  favor  going  to  Asheville  please  stand. 

Dr.  R.  A.  Little,  Asheville: 

Thank  you,  brother.    I  thank  you. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Flemi7ig: 

Inasmuch  as  Wrightsville  Beach  had  the  majority  of  the 
votes,  I  move  that  we  make  it  unanimous. 


Coniaining  the  Proceedings  133 

The  Floor: 
Seconded. 

President  JacJcson: 

You  have  heard  the  motion. 

The  motion  was  put  and  unanimously  carried. 

What  is  your  pleasure  at  this  time  ? 

Tlie  Floor: 
Adjourn ! 

Dr.  J.  W.  Whitehead,  Synithfield: 

I  move  that  we  take  up  a  collection  to  buy  Dr.  Pliin  Horton  a 
bathing  suit. so  he  can  go  in  the  surf!    (Laughter.) 

President  Jaclcson: 

The  meeting  of  the  House  of  Delegates  is  called  off  until 
tomorrow. 

At  10  :35  o'clock  p.m.,  "Wednesday,  June  7,  1933,  the  meeting- 
adjourned. 


THIED  DAY— THURSDAY,  JUNE  8,  1933 

General  Session 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  9  :05  o'clock  a.m.,  at  Hill 
Music  Hall,  by  President  Wilbert  Jackson. 

President  Jachson: 

The  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  Avill  please  come  to  order. 
I  will  ask  Dr.  Pridgen  to  introduce  our  next  speaker. 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

Mr.  President,  members  of  the  Society,  ladies  and  gentlemen : 
It  has  been  my  privilege  to  knoAV  our  next  speaker  some  seven- 
teen or  eighteen  years.  We  were  class-mates  at  dental  college. 
I  remember  him  as  one  of  the  outstanding  members  of  that 
class.  I  recall  even  then  his  interest  in  the  field  of  dentistry 
about  which  he  M'ill  talk  to  you  this  morning.     That   interest 


134  fhilleiin  North  Carolina  Denial  Socieh/ 

lias  continued  tliroughout  these  years  until  he  has  developed  a 
special  technique  for  dental  casting  which  in  my  opinion  is  a 
most  valuable  contribution  to  dental  science.  I  take  great  pleas- 
ure in  i^resenting  Dr.  J.  V.  Turner,  of  Wilson. 

Dr.  J.  V.  Turner,  D.D.S.,  Wilson: 

FLASKLESS   CASTING,   OR   A   METHOD   OF   OBTAINING 
UNRESTRICTED   INVESTMENT   EXPANSION 

Mr.  President,  members,  ami  guests  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society : 

As  a  preamble  to  my  paper,  I  wish  to  state,  as  did  Dr.  Taggart 
in  his  paper,  '"Investment  Materials.''  read  before  the  Chicago  Dental 
Society  and  printed  in  the  July,  1927,  issue  of  the  Journal  of  the 
American  Dental  Association,  that  I  have  interests  in  the  field  of 
dental  manufacture  and  am  a  practicing  dentist ;  and  like  him,  I 
come,  not  in  the  role  of  manufacturer  but  as  a  dentist,  to  bring  to 
my  fellow  practitioners  the  results  of  many  years  of  effort  to  im- 
prove inlay  casting.  However,  I  am  conscious  of  the  embarrassment 
that  this  dual  role  imiwses ;  and,  in  defense  of  my  position,  I  wish 
to  state  that  I  am  a  manufacturer  only  because  there  was  no  other 
way  to  get  this  technic  across  to  you.  Not  until  rejected  by  all 
manufacturers  did  I  turn  to  this  field  myself,  and  then  onl.v  to  make 
the  necessary  material  available.  Due  to  the  radical  departure  from 
accepted  casting  procedure,  it  was  necessary  that  I  assume  the 
financial  as  well  as  the  professional  responsibilit.v  for  the  technic 
that  I  now  bring;  and,  whatever  the  motive  you  may  ascribe,  I  am 
sincere  in  the  hope  that  my  findings  may  prove  to  be  a  contribution 
to  the  art. 

The  imrpose  of  this  paper  is  to  set  forth  the  development  of  a  new 
technic  termed  "Flaskless  Casting"  and  call  your  attention  to  some 
of  the  features  embodied  therein.  This  technic  is  for  inlay  or  single 
tooth  restorations.  There  is  a  great  distinction  between  this  field 
and  that  of  larger  castings ;  for  in  the  field  of  removable  bridgework 
we  have  tissue  displacement,  tooth  movement,  and  some  degree  of 
elasticity  or  spring  in  the  appliance  itself,  which  does  not  necessitate 
the  exactitude  of  adaptation  required  of  the  inlay  and  three-quarter 
crown.  In  the  field  of  single  tooth  restorations  we  must  adapt  a 
rigid,  unyielding  cast  to  a  tooth  of  virtually  rigid,  unyielding  struc- 
ture, without  even  one  compensating  varial)le  that  may  come  to  our 
rescue :  and  yet,  the  degree  of  success  in  this  work  largely  depends 
upon  the  degree  of  adaptation  secured. 

While  successful  inlay  work  requires  the  observance  of  known 
fundamentals  at  the  chair,  this  paper  is  limited  strictly  to  a  con- 
sideration of  laboratory  procedure  alone. 

In  the  laboratory,  we  strive  to  secure  a  good  casting  with  smooth 
surfaces  that  ma.v  be  accurately  adapted  to  the  prepared  tooth. 
The  importance  of  this  effort  is  revealed  in  the  great  amount  of 
research  work  done  in  this  field  and  the  space  given  to  this  subject 


Containing  the  Proceedings  135 

iu  our  dental  literature.  Despite  the  progress  made,  there  is  uo 
other  phase  of  our  profession  so  torn  with  conflict  of  opinion  as 
that  of  inlay  casting.  The  maze  of  technics  submitted  is  sufficient 
evidence  that  simplification  is  clearly  to  be  desired. 

The  great  casting  problem  has  been  that  of  obtaining  sufficient 
expansion  to  compensate  for  the  shrinkage  encountered.  We  have 
three  expansion  factors  at  our  command ;  namely,  wax,  setting,  and 
thermal,  but  recognize  that  internal  stresses  may  accompany  them. 
Too,  working  with  many  variables  tends  to  confuse  and  make 
tedious  the  technic ;  hence  the  recent  trend  has  rightly  been  toward 
the  development  of  sufficient  expansion  in  the  thermal  expansion  of 
the  investment  alone,  and  this  goal  has  been  reached  in  the  technic 
I  now  submit. 

In  experimental  work,  I  preferably  use  a  die  of  my  own  design, 
which  is  simply  a  cylinder  hole  one-quarter  inch  in  diameter  through 
a  piece  of  steel  of  the  same  thickness.  The  design  of  my  die  is 
such  that  it  allows  accurate  micrometer  measurements  of  both 
the  wax  pattern  and  the  resultant  casting. 

Working  iu  the  laboratory,  with  all  equipment  and  materials  at 
room  temperature,  I  eliminated  the  wax  shrinkage  that  takes  place 
when  the  pattern  is  invested  at  lower  than  mouth  temperature ;  but 
I  observed  a  shrinkage  that  has  not  been  given  the  recognition  that 
its  constancy  and  degree  warrant.  While  this  shrinkage  has  been 
mentioned  in  dental  literature,  prevalent  opinion  erroneously  holds 
that  the  wax  pattern,  in  correct  procedure,  may  be  perfectly  adapted 
to  the  tooth  structure.  In  their  paper  "A  Specification  for  Inlay  Cast- 
ing Wax,"*  the  authors,  Taylor,  Pafteubarger  and  Sweeney  of  the 
Bureau  of  Standards,  outline  the  direct  inlay  process  for  making 
wax  patterns  and  immediately  following,  we  find  this  statement : 
"This  proce'dure,  if  properly  carried  out,  should  give  a  wax  pattern 
which  is  the  exact  size  of  the  cavity  at  mouth  temperature."  This 
is  error.  In  the  laboratory,  cylinder  wax  patterns  were  made  in  a 
room  temperature  of  96  degrees  Fahr.,  which,  immediately  upon 
their  removal  from  the  die,  revealed  a  minimum  shrinkage  of  .25 
per  cent.  This  adaptation  shrinkage,  as  I  term  it,  must  be  even 
greater  in  the  mouth,  for  in  using  the  die,  pressure  was  exerted 
at  both  ends  in  an  ideal  manner  not  allowed  at  the  chair.  We  have 
then  a  shrinkage  in  the  wax  pattern  before  it  is  removed  from  the 
tooth,  of  at  least  .25  per  cent  except,  of  course,  in  the  crown  or  like 
preparations  that  do  not  permit  this  shrinkage. 

To  the  known  gold  shrinkage  of  1.25  per  cent  must  be  added  the 
.25  per  cent  adaptation  shrinkage  of  wax,  and  a  further  wax  shrink- 
age if  invested  at  lower  than  mouth  temperature.  All  of  this 
gives  a  total  shrinkage  greater  than  the  maximum  thermal  ex- 
pansion found  in  any  investment  material  now  available.  The 
problem,  then,  was  to  secure  greater  thermal  expansion  iu  the 
investment  material. 

Experiment  revealed  that  increased  expansion  could  lie  obtained 
by  increasing  the  density  of  the  mix;  and  with  the  knowledge  that 
the  core  formation  around  the  wax  pattern  gives  the  greatest  density 


-Jounifil.  A.  I).  A.,  .January,  1931. 


136  BuUetin  Norih  Carolina  Dental  Society 

obtainable,  I  sought  some  means  for  giving  this  core  unrestricted 
thermal  expantjiou  and  obtained  it  by  investing  the  core  in  dry  sand, 
using  a  closed  end  flask  with  suflicient  investment  above  to  form  the 
necessary  sprue  and  crucible.  The  core,  freed  in  this  manner,  at 
red  heat  down  the  sprue,  gave  castings  that  were  not  only  large 
enough,  but  there  was  actual  over-expansion. 

Convinced  then  that,  with  restriction  removed,  thermal  expansion, 
adequate  for  our  needs,  could  be  obtained,  a  casting  machine  was 
designed  that  would  allow  the  complete  removal  of  the  casting  ring 
which  is  known  to  restrict  investment  expansion. 

Experiments  were  then  made  with  high  expansion  investments,  in 
which  two  castings  would  be  made  under  identical  conditions,  except 
that  in  one  case  the  ring  would  be  removed,  and  this  flaskless  case 
would  reveal  an  expansion  approximately  1  per  cent  greater  than 
that  of  the  casting  made  in  the  ring.  It  was  also  revealed  that, 
when  the  core  was  used,  restriction  was  imiwsed  by  the  thin  outer 
mix,  even  with  the  ring  removed,  this  being  due  to  the  outer  invest- 
ment having  less  expansion  than  the  core.  In  addition  to  this  prob- 
lem, cracking  or  checking  was  encountered  when  the  unsupported 
investment  was  subjected  to  high  temperatures ;  this,  to  the  extent 
of  making  the  technic  impracticable. 

To  overcome  these  problems,  a  new  investment  material  was 
developed  and  a  silica  comix)und  formulated  to  increase  expansion 
and  prevent  checking  in  the  outer  investment.  In  making  the  core, 
the  investment  material  is  used  alone ;  but  for  the  outer  or  supporting 
investment  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  investment  material  and 
silica  compound  is  used ;  and  this  must  be  worked  as  stiff  as  putty 
so  that  it  has  to  be  tamped,  rather  than  poured,  around  the  core. 

This  enormous  increase  of  silicon  content,  together  with  the 
density  secured  in  working  it  stiff,  produces  an  outer  investment 
of  such  expansion  that  it  imposes  no  restriction  upon  the  core  and 
one  that  will  stand  up  under  high  temperatures  without  cracking 
or  checking  in  the  least.  There  need  be  no  fear  of  rupture  or  cracking 
under  casting  pressure ;  for  it  is  dithcult  to  crush  this  dense  material 
with  the  laboratory  tongs,  even  after  the  cast  has  been  made.  In 
fact,  this  block  of  unsupported  investment  will  withstand  practically 
as  much  abuse  from  dropping  and  rolling  around  as  though  the 
ring  were  around  it. 

While  dimensional  expansion  has  been  the  goal  sought  in  technics 
submitted,  it  is  evident  that  in  inlay  work  there  are  three  distinct 
types  that  require  variation  in  expansion.  The  first  type  is  the  simple 
inlay  which  is  limited  to  one  surface  of  the  tooth  and,  being  entirely 
surrounded  by  tooth  structure,  must  be  slightly  less  than  dimensional 
to  seat  properly.  The  second  type  includes  inlays  involving  more  than 
one  surface,  and,  for  these,  dimensional  expansion  is  indicated.  The 
third  type  embraces  all  overlay  preparations — such  as  full  or  three- 
quarter  crowns  and  orthodontic  bands.  Castings  of  this  type  obviously 
require  slight  over-expansion.  These  types  are  represented  by  the 
three  steel  dies  shown    (Fig.  8). 

When  using  the  technic  and  material  submitted,  the  dense  core 
formation,    at    bright    redness    down    the    sprue,    gives    slight    over- 


Containing  the  Proceedings  137 

expansion.  With  tlie  linown  fall  in  temperature,  ascertained  by  Dr. 
W.  S.  Rice.t  as  being  approximately  one  degree  Fabr.  per  second, 
that  takes  place  in  tbe  mold  when  removed  from  the  oven,  the 
operator  may,  by  tbe  simple  expedient  of  timed  delay,  secure  any 
amount  of  reduced  expansion  desired.  This,  however,  must  be  de- 
termined by  each  operator,  due  to  the  variables  found  in  speed  of 
work,  reducing  fiame,  etc.  My  rule  is  to  cast  simple  inlays  when 
the  sprue  approaches  dull  redness,  compound  inlays  at  cherry  red- 
ness, and  overlay  preparations .  at  bright,  glowing  redness  down  the 
sprue. 

In  this  technic,  a  properly  formed  core  is  fundamental.  My  method 
is  to  place  four  drops  of  water  in  a  clean  plaster  bowl,  adding 
enough  investment  to  make  a  mix  just  too  stiff  for  pouring.  This  is 
spatulated  by  hand  and  spread  thin  upon  the  side  of  the  bowl  to 
avoid  air  bubbles ;  after  which  it  is  scraped  off  upon  one  edge  of 
the  spatula,  vibrated  to  the  end,  and  delivered  to  the  wax  pattern, 
and  vibrated  to  surround  it  in  the  usual  manner ;  then  the  core  is 
quickly  rotated  in  dry  investment  and  quickly  withdrawn  to  vibrate 
until  moisture  flashes  upon  the  surface.  This  procedure  is  repeated 
until  moisture  cannot  be  brought  to  the  surface.  The  core  is  then 
laid  aside  until  the  outer  mix  is  made. 

The  outer  investment,  composed  of  equal  parts  of  silica  compound 
and  investment  material,  is  mixed  thick,  almost  to  the  point  of 
crumbling,  never  thinner  than  putty.  Using  the  fingers,  place,  in 
a  well  oiled  sectional  ring  seated  on  an  oiled  glass  or  metal  base, 
enough  of  this  mixture  to  fill  the  ring  about  one-third.  Make  an 
indentation  in  the  center  in  wliich  the  core,  by  means  of  the  sprue, 
is  seated  (Fig.  2),  and  add  the  rest  of  the  investment  until  the 
ring  is  completely  filled.  The  mass  is  then  solidified  by  exerting 
pressure  uiwn  the  surface  with  the  thumbs  (Fig.  3)  until  moisture 
appears  at  the  base  and  the  mixture  feels  more  plastic.  After  setting 
takes  place,  the  crucible  is  formed  by  trimming  out  to  desired 
depth  around  the  sprue  (Fig.  4),  and  applying  a  coating  of  crucible 
paint  (Fig.  5)  to  fix  any  loose  grit  and  prevent  iwssible  contamina- 
tion. The  sprue  and  sectional  ring  are  then  removed  (Fig.  6),  and 
the  case  is  heated  up  in  the  usual  manner  for  casting.  The  cross- 
section  (Fig.  7))  shows  the  position  of  the  core,  crucible,  etc.,  in  a 
case  properly  invested. 

This  technic  seems  to  be  a  solution  for  many  of  our  casting  prob- 
lems. When  considering  its  scientific  relationship  to  the  art,  it  is 
evident  that  the  immediate  formation  of  the  core  around  the  wax  pat- 
tern reduces  distortion  from  this  source  to  a  minimum.  Also,  this  core 
of  maximum  density  and  minimum  porosity  must  necessarily  pro- 
duce .smooth  castings  unexcelled  in  this  respect.  Further,  in  addition  to 
the  elimination  of  wax  and  setting  expansion,  the  expansion  utilized 
is  freed  from  all  iwssible  stresses  by  the  removal  of  the  ring  and  the 
restriction  formerly  imposed  by  the  outer  investment.  Full  compensa- 
ti(m  for  all  shrinkage  encountered,  is  provided  by  means  of  the  ex- 
pansion variable  deemed  most  desir.ible,  namely,  the  thermal  ex- 
pansion of  the  investment  ahnie. 


fRice,  "Dimensional  Dental  Casting,"  Journal,  A.  D.  A.,  July,  1931. 


138 


Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


When  cousiclered  as  a  "time  saver,  it  is  evident  that  the  simple 
steps  outlined  ma.^'  be  performed  quiclily  and  easily  by  anyone. 
The  time  .si)ent  with  weighing  devices,  mechanical  spatulation  and 
slow  setting  at  exact  temperature  is  conserved  in  this  technic  that 
avoids  all  such  procedure.  Too,  the  removal  of  the  ring  allows  more 
i-apid  heating  up.  and  greatly  facilitates  the  removal  of  the  invest- 
ment after  the  cast  is  made. 

From  an  economic  standpoint,  the  technic  dispenses  with  weighing 
devices,  mechanical  spatulators,  casting  rings,  crucible  formers,  as- 
bestos lining,  water  bath  equipment  and  special  wax  eliminators  and 
ovens.  In  fact,  the  oidy  equipment  required,  aside  from  the  machine 
and  ring  used  in  all  technics,  is  your  plaster  bowl  and  spatula. 
(Applause.) 


Conta'm'wg  the  Proceedings 


i:19 


Fig.  6 


President  Jachson: 

We  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Turner  for  the  splendid  presentation 
of  his  paper.  We  are  going  to  divert  from  the  usual  procedure 
at  this  time  and  have  discussions  of  the  paper  by  our  own  men. 
I  will  call  on  Dr.  John  Johnson. 


Dr.  J.  N.  John.'ion,  (Jokhhoro: 

Mr.  President:  Tlie  great  artist  is  he  who  with  tlie  nn'iiiis  :it  hand 
can  expi-ess  a  greater  thought  or,  given  the  same  niatt-rials.  can  do 
a  better  piece  ot  work  tlian  those  about  him  have  Wvn  able  to 
accomplish. 


140  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Iimumerable  apples  had  fallen  on  the  heedless  heads  of  men 
before  Newton,  seeing  an  apple  fall,  fixed  for  all  time  the  law  of 
gravitatit)n.  Everybody  knew  that  a  weight  suspended  by  a  cord 
would  swing  until  brought  to  a  stop  by  wind  resistance  and  friction ; 
but  it  remained  for  Galileo,  watching  a  lantern  swinging  in  the 
cathedral  at  Pisa,  to  discover  the  simple  principle  of  the  pendulum. 

We  have  in  our  own  State  a  dentist,  who,  with  the  ordinary  means 
at  hand,  has  given  to  our  profession  the  simple  but  perfect  technic 
of  flaskless  casting.  Here  is  a  man  who  will  go  down  in  dental 
history  as  a  great  genius.  Why?  For  this  reason:  While  others 
have  belabored  with  scientific  instruments  galore  and  equipment 
without  end,  this  man,  with  his  plaster  bowl  and  spatula  and  a 
micrometer,  has  developed  a  technic  that  gives  us  every  degree  of 
expansion  desired  in  our  inlay  work  and  at  the  same  time  a  technic 
that  is  not  beyond  the  grasp  of  any  dentist. 

My  interest  in  the  work  Dr.  Turner  is  doing  was  intensified  by 
questions  concerning  his  technic  that  were  asked  by  some  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  Middle  West  and  North  while  attending  the 
Buffalo  meeting  of  the  American  Dental  Association  last  September. 
I  have  had  too  many  failures,  like  my  audience,  not  to  be  sufficiently 
interested  to  investigate  this  great  work  in  casting,  developed  by  my 
fellow  North  Carolinian,  a  brother  dentist,  and  a  member  of  my 
district  and  State  Society.  I  say,  unhesitatingly,  that  his  technic  is 
based  on  the  fundamental  and  unchanging  laws  of  physics,  as  illus- 
trated by  the  slides  he  has  shown  and  that  wathin  a  short  scope 
of  time,  not  only  his  State,  but  the  eyes  of  the  dental  world  will  be 
focused  upon  his  accomplishments.  I  make  this  unreserved  state- 
ment after  having  experimented  with  every  method  of  casting,  and 
my  opinion  is  based  on  the  results  that  I  have  obtained. 

I  agree,  in  principle,  with  all  that  Dr.  Turner  has  set  forth  in  his 
paper.  Any  dentist  who  works  for  fifteen  years  to  accomplish  the 
perfection  of  a  method  that,  in  application,  overcomes  the  greatest 
of  difficulties,  is  worthy  of  having  his  name  in  the  Dental  Hall  of 
Fame. 

The  benefits  of  this  technic  will  reach  down  to  enrich  every  dentist 
in  the  world  and  will  be  the  heritage  of  the  dental  profession  for  all 
time  to  come.     (Applause.) 

President  Jaclcson: 

At  this  time,  I  wish  to  present  Dr.  Paul  Jones  in  a  discussion 
of  this  paper. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

Mr.  President  and  Fellow  Members  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society  and  Guests :  I  have  listened  to  Dr.  Turner's  paper  with  a 
great  deal  of  interest,  having  had  a  great  deal  of  exijerience  in  cast 
fillings  and  crowns  (to  which  his  technique  particularly  applied), 
and  more  unsolvable  problem,  in  this  field  than  most  any  other  branch 
of  dentistry,  to  which  I  have  applied  any  special  effort.  I  have  re- 
cently had  the  opportunity  to  study,  as  well  as  experiment  with  the 


Containing  the  Proceedings  141 

technic  and  materials,  and  the  procedure  lie  lias  just  outlined.   I  have 
done  this  in  comparison  with  several  of  our  most  popular  inlay  in- 
vestment materials,  and  the  results  obtained  by  the  proper  applica- 
tion of  prescribed  technic  recommended  for  each  material,  as  near 
as,  I  Avas  able  to  interprete  and  follow.    I  went  into  this  comparison 
with  the  full  determination,  to  prove  or  disprove,  to  my  own  satis- 
faction, the  contention  of  Dr.  Turner,    I  remember  a  conversation 
I  had  with  one  of  my  professional  friends  in  which  I  was  telling 
him  about  the  Turner  technique  and  materials,  and  the  fun  that  I 
was  getting  out  of  experimenting  with  them.    I  told  him  that  I  was 
sure    that    I    had    him    whipped    on    the   contentions    that    the   ring 
restricted  the  expansion  of  the  mold  as  I  had  found  that  on  heating 
up  investment  of  some  of  the  materials,  I  could  expand  the  ring, 
enough  to  slip  entirely  otf  of  the  investment  and  doubtless  some  of 
you  have  had  the  same  experience.    However,   I  found  on  further 
investigation   that   this   had  no   significance   when   I   compared  the 
resulting  casting.   I  would  like  to  draw  your  attention  to  the  unusual 
simplicity  of  the  technique  of  Dr.  Turner.    In  fact  it  is  so  simple 
that  it  permits  of  very  little  cause  for  discussion  and  is  extremely 
desirable  in  comparison  with  the  other  complicated  procedures  which 
to   say  the  least  "are  time  consuming  and   tedious.    It  is  admitted 
that  much  progress  has  been  made  in  inlay,  casting  and  technique 
in  the  last  few  years,  but  most  of  them  have  been  so  complicated 
and  involved  the  purchase  and  installation  of  a  great  deal  of  minute 
scientific  apparatus  that  only  a  specialist  could  accurately  operate, 
making    them   unavailable,    and    of   no    value    to    the    busy    general 
practitioner   of  today.    The  larger  part  of  all  dental  castings  will 
always  have  to  be  done  in  offices  carrying  on   a  general  practice. 
Therefore  a  simplified  speedy  and  result  producing  technic  that  is 
readily  adapted  to  the  needs  of  and  easily  mastered  by  the  general 
practitioner  of  dentistry,  is  greatly  to  be  desired.    This  simple  technic 
outlined  by  Dr.  Turner  comes  nearer  solving  for  me  the  perplexing 
problem  of  a  sure  fit  casting  than  any  I  have  yet  tried.    I  prefer  to 
complete   and   set   all   my   castings   at   one  sitting  where   practical, 
and  I   must  have  an  investment  material  that  I   can  mix  quickly 
that   sets  rapidly   and   will   permit   of  fast   heating   to    the   desired 
degree  for  casting,  without  cracking.    I  can  save  at  least  fifteen  or 
twenty  minutes  with  the  Turner  investment  over  any  other.     The 
second  in  time  required  to  manipulate  is  standard,  third  whip  mix 
and  SSW.    Fourth  R.  R.  Gray  and  fifth  and  last  Kerr's  Cristobalite. 
I  find  however,  that  I  can  make  the  most  accurate  casting  with  the 
Turner    investment,    second    with    cristobalite,    third    R.    R.    Gary, 
fourth    standard,    fifth    whip   mix   and    SSW,    so    it    seems    when    I 
consider  all  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  the  aforementioned 
materials.    I  shall  have  to  limit  my  field  at  least  for  the  present  to 
Turner  Flaskless  and  Kerr"s  Cristobalite,  and  I  much  prefer  Turner 
Flaskless  as  it  is  much  simpler  more  quickly  manipulated  and  not 
fraught  with  the  danger  of  blowing  up  as  is  cristobalite  if  heated 
too  fast  or  too  quickly.    I  believe  Dr.  Turner  has  outlined  the  most 
simple  result  producing  technic  yet  advanced  and  certainly  one  that 
is  easily  and  quickly  performed  by  anyone,  interested  in  improving 
his  casting.    I  have  been  using  one  of  the  Turner  casting  machines 


142  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

for  a  number  of  years  and  prefer  it  over  all  others  as  it  is  of  the 
simplest  ix)ssible  design  and  allows  the  shortest  lapse  of  time  in 
casting  since  the  cast  is  merely  placed  on  the  machine  as  it  would 
be  on  any  flat  surface  and  as  quickly.  The  machine  is  readily 
adapted  to  use  with  the  other  materials  and  technic  as  I  have  pointed 
out  above.  I  should  like  to  ask  the  question  as  I  note  that  there  is 
considerable  difference  in  the  weight  of  the  materials  used  in  making 
the  outer  investment,  the  compound  being  decidedly  the  heaviest 
and  I  should  like  to  ask  the  essayist  if  he  means  by  weight  or 
volume.  When  he  says  use  equal  parts  of  these  materials ;  also 
since  these  materials  are  furnished  separately.  I  should  like  to 
know  if  there  is  any  objection  to  mixing  up,  say  a  quantity  ahead 
for  convenience,  or  must  they  be  combined  in  each  case  just  before 
using.    (Applause.) 

I  would  like  to  ask  Dr.  Turner  if  the  size  and  extent  of  his  core 
that  he  invests  in  this  outer  investment  makes  any  difference  in  the 
resulting  casting  or  expansion  in  the  heat-up? 

President  Jachson: 

Dr.  Clyde  Minges  will  read  his  discussion. 

Dr.  C.  E.  Minges,  Rocky  Mount: 

Some  time  ago  I  attended  a  group  meeting  of  the  Fifth  District 
of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  at  Wilson,  N.  C,  and  as  a  part 
of  the  program,  was  invited  to  Dr.  Turner's  office  to  witness  a 
demonstration  of  his  flaskless  casting  technic.  At  the  conclusion 
of  the  demonstration.  Dr.  Turner  asked  if  I  would  take  some 
materials  (I  have  been  using  a  Turner  Casting  Machine  for  some 
time)  and  make  a  few  experimental  castings.  With  considerable 
doubt  in  my  mind,  I  agreed  to  do  this,  but  stated  to  him  that, 
inasmuch  as  he  had  shown  the  good  points  of  his  technique,  the 
purpose  of  my  experiments  would  be  to  discover  the  defects  and  bad 
features  in  it. 

After  making  several  excellent  castings,  I  outlined  this  flaskless 
technique  to  my  office  assistant  and  to  a  laboratory  technician  of  our 
city.  I  requested  them  to  make  several  experimental  castings  and 
report  to  me.  Their  reports  were  very  enthusiastic,  and  the  castings 
they  exhibited  were  indeed  excellent. 

In  giving  this  technique  to  them,  I  stressed  the  iwint  that  the 
important  thing  was  to  get  a  good  solid  core  regardless  of  method, 
and  told  them  that  it  was  immaterial  to  me  whether  they  vibrated 
the  material  to  the  end  of  the  spatula,  as  outlined  by  Dr.  Turner, 
or  applied  with  brush  as  advocated  by  others.  They  tried  both 
methods  with  gratifying  results.  My  thought,  in  requesting  them  to 
digress  from  the  technique  outlined,  was  that  whereas  Dr.  Turner's 
method  might  be  ideal  in  his  hands,  other  operators  may  prefer  and 
employ  different  methods.  In  this  connection  I  should  like  to  ask 
Dr.  Turner,  if,  in  his  opinion,  the  operator  can  safely  vary  the 
technique  for  making  the  core,  or  must  he  conform  strictly  to  the 
technique  outlined  wherein  a  mix  too  stiff  for  pouring  is  vibrated 


Containing  the  Proceedings  143 

to  end  of  spatula  and  transferred  to  the  pattern.  Another  digression 
from  the  old  order  of  things  is  that  Dr.  Turner  rolls  his  core  in  dry 
investment  while  condensing,  whereas  other  technicians  advocate 
sprinkling  or  dusting  the  investment  on  the  pattern  between  periods 
of  vibration.  I  should  like  to  ask  Dr.  Turner  if,  in  his  opinion,  there 
is  any  material  ditference  between  these  two  methods. 

I  have  purposely  limited  my  discussion  to  the  practical  appeal 
of  this  new  technique.  While  there  are  scientific  advantages  that 
flaskless  casting  obviously  affords  over  other  methods,  I  say  to  you 
that  this  technique  should  commend  itself  to  you  from  an  economic 
and  time-saving  standpoint.  As  Dr.  Turner  has  pointed  out,  and  my 
experiments  bear  out  his  assertions,  you  save  the  expense  of  re- 
placing burned  out  rings ;  you  save  on  the  amount  of  investment 
used ;  and  you  save  further  in  the  reduced  equipment  expense  that 
this  technique  makes  possible. 

To  those  of  you  who  may  be  skeptical  as  to  the  strength  of  the 
mass  after  the  ring  is  removed,  let  me  immediately  allay  your  fears. 
After  a  flaskless  case  has  thoroughly  set,  you  can  drop  it  from  a 
point  above  your  head  to  the  floor  without  damage.  I  have  tried  this 
many  times  and  have  never  succeeded  in  breaking  one.  In  fact,  I 
contend  that  this  safety  from  mold  fracture  is  an  outstanding  fea- 
ture ;  for,  should  the  outer  part  be  broken  away,  you  can  reinvest 
the  core  and  go  right  on  with  the  cast.  How  many  of  you  have 
dropped  an  ordinary  ring  casting  in  the  act  of  transferring  the  case 
from  the  oven  to  the  machine,  resulting  in  the  cracking  of  the  invest- 
ment within  the  ring,  and  as  a  consequence  have  several  rough 
feather-edged  processes  extending  from  your  inlay,  making  it  neces- 
sary to  do  the  whole  job  over?   This  has  happened  to  me  many  times. 

Gentlemen,  I  am  not  a  prophet,  nor  am  I  the  son  of  a  prophet, 
but  I  do  hazard  the  prediction  that  in  the  years  ahead  this  technique, 
given  by  Dr.  Turner,  will  be  heralded  throughout  the  civilized  world 
as  the  greatest  advancement  made  in  inlay  casting  since  Dr.  Taggart 
gave  us  the  inlay.  Dr.  Turner  has  worked  tirelessly  and  unselfishly 
for  many  years,  and  has  given  to  us  and  to  dentistry  something  to  be 
proud  of.  His  name  will  go  down  in  dental  history  among  the 
immortals,  and  I  am  glad  to  be  among  the  first  to  proclaim  him. 
(Applause.) 

President  Jachson : 

Thank  you,  Dr.  Minges.  I  am  going  to  ask  Dr.  Howie  at  this 
time  to  present  his  discussion. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie,  Raleigh  : 

I  believe  Dr.  Simjoson  of  Richmond  was  to  discuss  this  paper, 
and  he  could  not  be  here.  He  sent  his  discussion,  and  with  your 
permission,  I  will  read  Dr.  Simpson's  discussion  of  the  paper. 

"The  essayist  has  presented  a  paper  that  is  a  credit  to  himself, 
his  State,  and  his  profession.  It  shows  the  result  of  years  of  careful 
research  and  common  sense.    The  defects  of  other   techniques  have 


144  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

been  reduced,  and  we  have  in  his  machine,  his  split  rinss.  his 
materials,  and  his  technique  a  coordination  that  is  a  real  benefit.  I 
invented  and  used  the  first  perpendicular  centrifugal  casting  machine, 
but  abandoned  it  because  the  essayist's  machine  is  easily  superior 
to  any  other  type  for  inlays  and  crowns.  His  idea  of  flaskless  casting 
should  supersede  all  others  in  the  hands  of  careful  men.  I  am 
grateful  debtor  to  Dr.  Turner  because  he  has  made  my  inlay  work 
easier  and  better."'     (Applause.) 

Gentlemen,  I  do  not  know  that  I  can  add  anything  to  the  ex- 
cellent discussion  of  this  paper  which  you  have  already  had.  I 
do  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Turner  for  this  presentation  of  the  subject. 
I  was  very  much  impressed  by  the  modest  way  in  which  he 
presented  the  subject.  He  does  not  claim  he  has  a  perfect 
technique  and  does  not  claim  that  he  can  make  a  perfect  casting. 
A  perfect  casting  will  be  made  when  all  variables  have  been 
perfectly  coordinated.  These  variables  differ  from  time  to  time 
and  place  to  place,  and  if  ever  there  is  a  perfect  casting  made, 
it  will  be  done  when  the  individual  dentist  takes  into  considera- 
tion the  peculiar  conditions  that  surround  the  office  in  which  you 
have  made  that  casting. 

Dr.  Turner  has  been  working  on  this  idea  for  years.  He  has 
been  most  modest  in  his  claims.  I  feel  that  Dr.  Turner  is  due 
the  confidence  and  support  of  this  organization.    (Applause.) 

President  Jacltson : 

Thank  you,  Dr.  Howie,  We  Avill  ask  Dr.  Turner  to  please 
close  the  discussion. 

Dr.  Turner,  Closing: 

I  am  grateful  for  the  interest  manifested  in  my  technic  and  paper. 
I  especially  want  to  thank  those  w^ho  have  discussed  the  pai^er,  for 
the  kind  references,  and  for  the  work  they  have  done  in  the  investiga- 
tion of  this  technic  prior  to  the  meeting.  These  men  have  labored 
in  this  for  the  sole  purpose  of  arriving  at  truth.  And,  aside  from 
any  relative  merit  of  this  technic,  they  have  rendered  an  unselfish 
service  to  their  profession  in  the  hours  given  to  the  study  of  this 
technic  in  their  laboratories  and  in  study  club  work. 

Answering,  broadly,  the  questions  asked,  I  wish  to  state  that  I 
claim  no  monopoly  of  method  concerning  this  technic,  which  really 
allows  many  variations  of  expression.  As  Dr.  Minges  stated,  the 
important  thing  is  the  dense  core  formation  around  the  wax  pattern. 
I  see  no  objection  to  applying  the  investment  with  the  bi-ush  rather 
than  vibrating  to  place.  Vibration  allows  the  use  of  a  thicker  mixture 
than  the  brush ;  and  my  observations  lead  me  to  employ  a  mix  just 
as   thick  as   I   can   conveniently   vibrate    to   place.    About   the   only 


Containing  the  Proceedings  145 

difference  between  rolling  the  core  in  dry  investment  and  sprinkling 
tlie  investment  on  is  that  the  rolling  operation  is  quicker.  In  fact, 
this  rolling  in  dry  investment  must  be  done  very  quickly  and  with- 
drawn promptly,  lest  the  rapid  extraction  of  water  from  the  core 
produce  spaces  or  roughness.  With  the  average  operator,  sprinkling 
the  investment  on  between  periods  of  vibration  may  prove  to  be  the 
better  of  the  two  methods. 

The  proportion  of  the  two  materials  used  for  the  outer  investment 
should  be  equal  parts  by  volume.  There  is  no  objection  to  mixing  a 
quantity  ahead  for  convenience,  since  these  materials  are  furnished 
separately  for  their  wider  scope  of  usefulness. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

I  would  like  to  ask  if  it  makes  any  difference  whether  von 
made  up  this  investment  each  time,  or  whether  you  could  mix 
some  and  keep  it  for  another  time. 

Dr.  J.  v.  Turner: 

It  really  makes  no  material  diiference.  You  may  mix  any 
amount  that  you  desire.  You  should  make  a  distinction  between 
the  ordinary  mix  and  the  outer  mix. 

In  closing,  I  want  to  say  that  I  have  a  technique  that  I  have 
worked  out.  It  is  simple,  and  I  hope  that  in  the  hands  of  the 
average  operator  it  will  assist  him  to  overcome  some  of  his  cast- 
ing problems.    (Applause.) 

President  Jackson: 

Thank  you,  Dr.  Turner.  I  wish  to  recognize  Dr.  Spurgeon 
at  this  time  to  present  the  next  speaker. 

Dr.  J.  S.  Spurgeon,  HiUshoro: 

Mr.  President,  our  next  speaker  needs  no  introduction  to 
North  Carolina  dentists.  However,  I  do  msh  to  say  that  as 
Dean  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina,  he  and  his  other  workers  in  Chapel  Hill  are  not 
surpassed  in  their  effort  or  in  the  work  they  are  doing,  and 
they  are  not  surpassed  in  the  instruction  they  are  giving.  I 
hear  many  of  his  former  students  speak  of  him  Avith  love  and 
affection  for  the  inspiration  gathered  as  they  listened  in  to  his 
classes,  and  this  alone  has  endeared  him  to  them  by  a  bond  of 
affection  to  the  end.  Dr.  Manning  will  now  speak  to  you. 
(Applause.) 


146  Bulletin  2sorih  Carolina  Denial  Sociely 

Dr.  I.  E.  Manning,  M.D.,  Chapel  Hill: 

COMMON  INTERESTS  OF  MEDICINE  AND  DENTISTRY 

It  is  my  privilege  to  briug  to  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 
greetings  and  best  wishes  of  the  North  Carolina  Medical  Society,  and 
I  wish  to  express  my  appreciation  of  this  opportunity  to  talk  to  you 
on  some  matters  which  I  conceive  to  be  of  common  interest  to  the 
two  professions.  In  spite  of  the  ruling  of  the  courts  that  "dentistry 
and  medicine  are  separate  and  distinct  in  fact  and  in  law  and  that 
a  physician  is  not  a  dentist  nor  a  dentist  a  physician,"  it  is  becoming 
more  and  more  obvious  to  those  in  touch  with  the  trends  of  modern 
medicine  and  dentistry  that  the  bonds  that  bind  the  two  professions 
into  one  are  growing  stronger  and  stronger  and  that  they  are  united 
in  the  conuuon  purpose  of  providing  a  complete  health  service  to  the 
people  who  are  in  need  of  such  service.  We  are  beginning  to  see  the 
individual  as  a  physiological  and  pathological  unit.  We  recognize 
that  every  organ  is  a  part  of  the  whole,  that  health  is  the  sum  total 
of  a  properly  balanced  functioning  of  all  organs,  and  disease  the 
consequence  of  an  imbalance  which  may  begin  in  any  one  organ  or 
area.  Modern  medicine  is,  I  believe,  based  on  this  assumption  and 
the  practice  of  medicine — and  I  include  dentistry — in  all  of  its 
phases,  is  assuming  more  and  more  the  character  of  a  cooperative 
effort  to  restore  the  individual  to  normal  health  by  any  means  avail- 
able. If  I  am  permitted  to  visualize  a  set-up  for  an  adequate  medical 
service  I  should  make  the  general  practitioner  of  medicine — the 
family  physician — the  central  figure,  the  keystone  of  the  organization 
v.-ith  dentists  and  all  other  specialists  his  friends  and  coworkers. 

The  medical  profession  views  with  satisfaction  the  movements 
instituted  by  the  dental  profession — to  improve  the  quality  of  its 
service  now  and  in  the  future.  I  refer  not  only  to  the  program  you 
have  instituted  for  the  improvement  of  your  schools,  but  perhaps 
the  more  ditficult  program  of  getting  over  to  those  now  in  active 
practice  the  more  recent  and  improved  procedures.  Dentistry,  like 
medicine,  has  made  miraculous  progress  during  the  past  twenty 
years.  The  restorative  and  reparative  work  of  the  dentists  per- 
formed on  those  wounded  in  the  World  War  was  a  revelation  to  those 
of  us  who  have  a  limited  opportunity  to  learn  of  your  accomplish- 
ments. New  conceptions  of  the  cause  of  disease,  new  methods  of 
diagnosis  and  treatment,  new  inventions  in  materials  and  machinery 
have  made  our  work  more  accurate  and  of  finer  quality,  but  much 
more  complex  and  difficult.  The  task  of  discriminating  between  the 
essentials  and  nonessentials,  between  those  methods  that  are  sound 
and  are  likely  to  be  of  permanent  value  and  those  that  are  unsound 
in  practice  is  as  staggering  in  its  magnitude  in  dentistry  as  it  is  in 
medicine,  but  there  is  nothing  more  fundamental  to  real  progress. 
I  wonder  sometimes  how  much  of  the  practice  of  medicine  and  den- 
tistry is  not  being  directed  by  the  wholesale  drug  and  supply  houses? 
I  wonder  at  the  same  time  if  those  of  us  who  are  engaged  in  teach- 
ing are  really  training  the  younger  generation  into  habits  of  sound 
thinking?  Or  are  we  over-stimulating  their  imaginations  by  a  promise 


Containing  the  Proceedings  147 

of  a  rapid  rise  to  fame  through  some  stroke  of  geuius,  or  plain 
blah,  rather  than  by  the  laborious  process  of  painstaking  investiga- 
tions guided  by  sound  thinking  and  sound  scientific  methods?  Re- 
search has  become  a  fetish  in  this  country — especially  in  medical 
schools,  and  while  I  would  not  for  a  moment  minimize  the  value  of 
research  done  by  qualified  men,  much  of  it  is  unsound  and  is  making 
extremely  difficult  the  task  of  the  teacher  and  those  who  would  give 
to  the  profession  the  best  in  modern  practice.  With  all  the  mass  of 
literature,  materials  and  machinery,  conflicting  observations  and 
experiences,  it  has  become  difficult  to  "steer  a  straight  course." 

Medicine  as  a  whole  during  the  past  twenty  years  has  been  the 
beneficiary  of  philanthropists  and  all  of  those  who  are  philanthropi- 
cally  or  charitably  disposed.  Millions  of  dollars  of  private  and 
public  funds  have  been  spent  in  the  construction  and  equipment  of 
hospitals  and  medical  schools,  some  of  which  are  on  a  most  luxurious 
scale,  and  for  medical  research.  The  result  is  that  not  only  has  the 
cost  of  medical  education  become  almost  prohibitive,  but  medical 
service  has  been  set  up  on  a  most  costly  scale.  I  quote  from  Dr. 
Harvey  Gushing  in  a  recent  article,  "Medicine  at  the  Cross  Roads," 
in  which  he  is  defending  the  general  practitioner,  the  practical 
physician : 

"There  has  been  much  idle  talk,  too,  regarding  scientific  medicine 
and  the  modern  scientific  doctor.  For  hasn't  he,  or  mostly  his 
technicians,  taken  our  blood  pressure,  our  electrocardiograms,  our 
basal  metabolic  rate,  lumbar-punctured  us,  ophthalmoscoi>ed  us,  ven- 
tricelogramed  us.  X-rayed  us  from  top  to  toe,  studied  under  the 
microscope  everything  we  can  expel  for  him  besides  drawing  off 
our  blood  for  some  purposes,  looked  into  our  orifices  and  sinuses, 
tickled  the  soles  of  our  feet,  charted  our  calories,  our  calcium,  phos- 
phorus and  nitrogen  intake  and  output'/" 

And  after  some  pertinent  illustration  of  where  the  doctor  might  use 
his  head  more  and  his  laboratory  less,  continues: 

"As  a  matter  of  fact  it  will  be  a  great  shock  to  laymen  (and  I 
suspect  to  some  physicians)  to  learn  that  a  great  part  of  what  is 
called  scientific  medicine  is  a  fetish  and  wholly  unscientific." 

Whether  we  agree  entirely  with  all  of  this  or  not,  the  fact  is  that 
the  laboratory  has  been  tremendously  abused  and  its  use  has  added 
very  much  to  the  cost  of  medical  service.  The  practice  of  medicine 
has  been  set  up  on  too  extravagant  a  scale :  there  is  too  much 
overhead.  In  90  per  cent  of  his  patients  the  physician  can  make 
for  himself  the  necessary  laboratory  tests  with  an  equipment  that 
should  cost  not  more  than  $200,  including  a  microscope. 

To  what  extent  dentistry  has  shared  in  these  lavish  benefactions 
and  extravagances,  I  do  not  know,  but  I  have  reason  to  believe  it 
has  not  entirely  heeded  the  injunctions  of  Dr.  Pritchett  in  his  in- 
troduction to  the  rer>ort  of  Dr.  Geis,  on  Dental  Education,  in  which 
he  writes : 

"The  recommendations  made  in  this  report  do  not  contemplate 
the  education  of  a  group  of  dental  practitioners  at  such  a  level, 
whether  of  training  or  of  cost  of  education,  as  will  make  the  dentist 
inaccessible    to   the   man    of   small    means.     ...     To    train    up   a 


148  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

generation  of  physicians  or  dentists  or  nurses  wliose  service  is  so 
costly  as  to  be  out  of  the  reacli  of  tlie  self-respecting  man  of  modest 
means  who  desires  to  pay  his  way  would  be  a  dismal  mistake  in 
civilization." 

I  think  we  are  or  have  been  definitely  on  the  road  of  doing  all 
of  these  things.  I  believe  we  should  make  our  educational  processes 
less  expensive. 

Moreover  the  business  of  practicing  medicine  and  dentistry,  like 
all  other  business,  needs  to  be  reorganized  on  a  more  economical 
program.  Threatened  on  the  one  hand  with  (State  medicine  and  on 
the  other  with  socialized  medicine  the  two  professions  need  to  take 
their  business  into  their  own  hands  and  reorganize  it  to  meet  not 
only  the  exigencies  of  the  present  but  what  appears  to  be  the 
conditions  of  the  immediate  future.  If  any  one  can  think  for  a 
moment  that  we  will  return  to  those  unusual  affluent  conditions  of 
the  twenties  he  lias  indeed  a  vivid  imagination.  There  are  too  many 
specialists  in  both  medicine  and  dentistry.  In  the  retrenchments 
which  seem  to  me  imperative  we  must  hold  on  to  the  fundamentals, 
the  essentials  of  sound  medical  and  dental  practice  and  consolidate 
the  gains  we  have  made,  but  that  we  need  to  eliminate  some  of  the 
nonessentials — some  excess  baggage  that  we  have  acquired,  is  obvious. 
I  know  of  no  more  serious  or  difficult  task  confronting  the  two 
professions  and  none  that  demands  stronger  leadership  than  this. 
I  feel  very  strongly  that  physicians  and  dentists  should  assume 
responsibility  for  an  adequate  health  service  to  the  people,  and 
should  undertake  to  provide  such  service  as  economically  as  is 
consistent  with  a  fair  return  for  such  service. 

I  hasten  to  say  that  I  do  not  think  that  the  two  professions  should 
assume  the  financial  burden  of  a  health  service  to  the  indigent,  the 
improvident,  the  underpaid  or  unemployed.  This  is  a  community 
burden  and  a  community  problem  and  each  community  should  accept 
it  and  tind  some  adequate  solution  for  it.  Already  the  public  has 
asked  too  much  free  service  of  both  physicians  and  dentists ;  it  has 
gotten  into  the  habit  and  I  am  sure  the  habit  is  growing  of  expecting 
them  to  labor  for  love  and  "to  think  not  of  what  they  shall  eat  nor 
of  what  they  shall  wear."  The  web  of  socialized  medicine  is  in  the 
weaving  and  physicians  and  dentists  do  not  need  to  lose  their  tempers 
in  protest  or  resentment,  but  to  go  deliberately  about  their  own  busi- 
ness in  an  intelligent  way.     (Applause.) 

President  Jacl'son: 

On  behalf  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  I  wish  to 
thank  you,  Dr.  Manning,  for  this  paper.  We  are  delighted  to 
have  you  with  us.  At  this  time  I  am  pleased  to  recognize  the 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Dr.  Z.  L.  Edwards. 

Dr.  Z.  L.  Edwards,  Washington: 

Gentlemen,  in  keeping  with  the  established  custom  of  our 
organization,  your  Executive  Committee  wishes  to  recomm.end 


Containing  the  Proceedings  149 

three  men  for  honorary  membership  in  our  Society.  My  atten- 
tion was  called  to  it  yesterday.  I  was  under  the  impression 
that  Dr.  Harry  Bear  of  Eichmond  was  already  an  honorary 
member.  So,  your  Executive  Committee  wishes  to  recommend 
for  honorary  membership  Dr.  Harry  Bear,  Dr.  U.  Garfield 
Riekert,  and  Dr.  L.  Langdon  Sheffield. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming,  Raleigh: 

I  don't  know  how  Dr.  Harry  Bear  has  escaped  this  thing  so 
long.  If  I  had  asked  any  member  of  the  Society  if  Dr.  Bear 
was  an  honorary  member,  I  believe  any  one  would  have  told 
me  he  was.  You  can  imagine  my  surprise  when  I  found  that 
he  was  not.  It  would  seem  like  we  are  doing  now  what  we 
should  have  done  long  ago. 

President  Jackson: 

Thank  you,  Dr.  Fleming.  What  will  you  do  with  this  report  ? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 
1  move  w^e  accept  it. 

Dr.  A.  S.  Bumgardner,  Charlotte: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  Avas  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jackson: 

At  this  time  I  am  pleased  to  recognize  Dr.  Bear.  I  will  ask 
Dr.  Bear  to  come  forward  without  an  introduction.  We  all  know 
him,  and  we  are  delighted  to  have  you  with  us.  Dr.  Bear.  We 
feel  honored  by  your  j)resence. 

Dr.  Harry  Bear,  D.D.S.,  Richmond,  Va.: 

It  was  not  necessary  to  make  me  an  honorary  member.  I  have 
been  coming  here  for  a  number  of  years,  and  I  have  felt  per- 
fectly at  home.  The  only  time  I  have  recognized  that  I  am 
not  a  member  is  when  you  start  roping  off  some  of  us  to  keep 
us  from  voting.  That  is  the  only  time  I  know  that  I  am  not  a 
member  of  the  ]\^orth  Carolina  Society.  I  assure  you  I  am 
grateful  for  this  honor. 


150  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

ACTIVITIES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  DENTAL  ASSOCIATION 

Harry  Beak,  D.D.S.,  F.A.C.D.,  Richmond,  Va.,  Dean  and  Professor 

of  Exodontia,  Medical  College  of  Virginia, 

School  of  Dentistry 

It  is  very  gratifying  to  have  this  opportunity  of  meeting  with  the 
North  Carolina  Dental  Society  in  this  historic  spot.  Chapel  Hill.  As 
the  first  State  University  in  the  United  States,  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  has  by  tradition  and  present  achievements  an  enviable 
position  among  the  higher  institutions  of  learning.  In  an  atmosphere 
such  as  this,  the  greatest  good  can  emanate. 

In  common  with  the  other  sciences,  dentistry  has  developed  through 
the  centuries.  The  first  organized  efforts  which  culminated  in  proper 
professional  recognition  occurred  in  this  country  in  1839  with  the 
establishment  of  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  the  first 
dental  school  in  the  world.  The  years  1839  and  1840  were  epoch- 
making  in  the  history  of  dentistry,  for  during  this  brief  period,  in 
addition  to  the  founding  of  the  Baltimore  School,  the  American 
Society  of  Dental  Surgeons  was  brought  into  existence,  and  the 
Arnerican  Journal  of  Dental  Science  was  established. 

It  is  of  interest  to  this  group  to  call  attention  to  the  first  dental 
practitioner  in  North  Carolina  to  hold  a  dental  degree.  In  the  second 
graduating  class  of  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery  in  1842 
there  were  three  men — two  from  Virginia  and  Dr.  W.  R.  Scott  of 
North  Carolina.  Dr.  Scott,  who  was  also  a  graduate  in  medicine, 
practiced  at  Raleigh  for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  an  eminent 
practitioner  and  the  recipient  of  many  honors  conferred  by  the 
profession. 

Among  the  organizations  which  have  influenced  the  practice  of 
dentistry  are  the  National  Association  of  Dental  Examiners  and  the 
American  Dental  Association.  The  National  Association  of  Dental 
Examiners  held  one  of  its  annual  meetings  in  Asheville,  North  Caro- 
lina in  1903  and  Dr.  V.  E.  Turner,  of  Raleigh,  was  president  of  this 
organization  in  1901.  The  American  Dental  Association  also  held 
one  convention  in  this  State  which  met  at  Asheville  in  1903. 

In  all  the  states  of  the  Union  there  are  state  dental  societies. 
Uniting  the  state  societies  as  a  parent  organization,  is  the  American 
Dental  Association,  which  was  organized  in  1859.  This  association 
has  grown  by  leaps  and  bounds  and  now  has  an  enrollment  of  32,500 
members.  It  is  readily  apparent  that  the  greatest  progress  in  any 
field  of  endeavor  is  not  due  so  much  to  individual  effort  as  it  is 
to  the  combined  efforts  of  groups  similarly  engaged.  This  was  well 
illustrated  at  the  recent  meeting  of  your  State  Legislature  when  the 
organized  dental  groups  of  North  Carolina  expressed  themselves  in 
no  uncertain  terms  and  the  strength  of  their  organizations  were 
recognized.  Membership  in  a  society  is  not  sutficient,  for  every  indi- 
vidual must  give  some  time  and  effort  for  the  benefit  of  all  con- 
cerned. Dr.  G.  V.  Black  once  said  that  "No  dentist  can,  under  present 
conditions  or  the  conditions  that  will  probably  prevail  in  the  future, 
do  himself  or  his  community  justice  without  becoming  an  active 
member  of  a  dental  society  and  taking  an  active  part  in  its  work." 


Containing  the  Proceedings  151 

There  are  fourteen  major  activities  of  the  American  Dental  Asso- 
ciation and  these  will  be  discussed  briefly : 

1.  Puhlicatioii  of  the  Journal:  Through  the  medium  of  the  Journal 
scieutilic  articles  of  a  desirable  character  are  presented.  General 
and  pertinent  information  about  the  practice  of  dentistry  is  also 
disseminated.  With  the  addition  of  an  associate  editor,  recently  en- 
gaged, it  is  planned  to  extend  the  sphere  of  usefulness  of  the  Journal. 

'1.  Annual  Meetings:  It  is  needless  to  dwell  upon  the  importance 
and  significance  of  the  annual  meetings.  The  scientific  sessions  per- 
mit of  a  free  discussion  of  the  procedures  in  dental  practice.  The 
latest  knowledge  concerning  our  profession  is  usually  presented  at 
these  meetings.  In  addition,  there  is  the  advantage  of  meeting  old 
friends  and  making  new  ones  and  the  knowledge  thus  gained  by 
informal  conferences. 

3.  Bureau  of  Pudlic  Relations:  "Offers  suggestions  and  counsel  in 
the  promotion  of  State  and  community  dental  health  programs. 
Supplies  educational  material  such  as  reprints,  lectures,  talks,  post- 
ers, slides,  films,  etc.,  to  dentists,  teachers,  nurses,  and  other  public 
health  workers.  Gives  advice  and  assistance  in  developing  talks  and 
lectures  pertaining  to  dental  hygiene  for  various  types  of  audiences."' 

4.  Lihrary  Bureau:  "Circulates  dental  books,  and  package  libraries 
to  members.  .  .  .  Answers  questions  pertaining  to  dental  litera- 
ture." 

5.  Bureau  of  Chemistry:  This  department  carries  on  investigations 
regarding  dental  remedies.  Careful  analyses  are  made  and  inquiries 
concerning  the  uses  of  drugs  are  answered. 

6.  Council  of  Dental  Therapeutics:  This  is  a  very  important 
agency  of  the  A.  D.  A.  The  Council  "passes  upon  the  therai)eutic 
claims  of  proprietary  remedies."  The  reports  of  findings  are  pub- 
lished in  the  Journal.  The  scientific  and  educational  value  of  the 
Council's  activities  are  commended  to  you  for  your  earnest  supiwrt. 
The  profession  at  large  should  encourage  to  the  utmost  this  con- 
structive and  far-reaching  work. 

7.  Judicial  Council:  This  body  "interprets  and  enforces  the  code 
of  ethics.  Prevents  detrimental  practices.  Receives  and  decides 
questions  of  ethics." 

8.  Dental  Educational  Council:  This  Council  is  composed  of  repre- 
sentatives of  the  National  Association  of  Dental  Examiners,  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Dental  Schools,  and  the  American  Dental  Asso- 
ciation. It  has  exerted  considerable  influence  in  establishing  stand- 
ards of  dental  education.  The  Council  inspects  the  dental  colleges 
and  classifies  these  institutions. 

9.  Committee  on  Dental  Indexing:  A  valuable  piece  of  work  has 
been  done  in  the  collection  of  dental  literature.  This  committee  pub- 
lishes a  dental  index  of  all  articles  in  the  English  language  per- 
taining to  dentistry. 

10.  Committee  on  Legislation  and  Correlation:  The  general  activ- 
ities of  this  committee  are  known  to  you.  Its  function  is  to  kt>ep  in 
contact  with  proposed  legislation  which  in  any  way  affects  the  dental 
profession.  Under  the  able  chairmanship  of  the  veteran  leader,  Dr. 
Homer  C.  Brown,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  this  committee  has  rendered  a 
very  valuable  service  to  the  profession  at  large.    The  many  accom- 


152  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

plishments  of  this  important  committee  are  too  numerous  to  mention. 
We  are  daily  tlie  recipients  of  benefits  and  protection  because  of  the 
legislation  which  has  been  perfected. 

11.  Relief  Fund  Commission:  This  commission  in  ccjoperation  with 
similar  agencies  from  the  state  societies  offers  financial  aid  to  in- 
digent dentists.  Since  the  establishment  of  this  fund  considerable 
financial  assistance  has  been  rendered  to  dentists  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States. 

12.  Research  Commission:  "Receives  application  for  assistance  in 
research  pertaining  to  dentistry.  Passes  on  the  relative  merits  of  the 
application ;  as  to  its  problems,  facilities,  and  researcher.  Awards 
grants  to  promote  research." 

13.  Committee  on  the  Costs  of  Medical  Care:  You  are  familiar 
with  the  general  report  submitted  by  the  committee  under  this  name. 
The  American  Dental  Association  assisted  in  this  five-year  study. 
There  were  three  dentists  on  the  general  committee.  One  dentist 
signed  the  majority  report  and  also  signed  a  supplementary  state- 
ment concerning  the  practice  of  dentistry.  The  views  expressed  liere 
are  contrary  to  the  generally  accepted  position  of  dentistry.  The 
other  two  dentists  submitted  what  is  now  referred  to  as  Minority 
Report  Number  II.  From  all  that  has  been  written  and  said  on  this 
subject  it  is  apparent  that  the  individual  dentist  should  seek  to  keep 
informed  on  this  vital  issue  in  order  that  he  may  be  intelligently 
prepared  to  meet  any  changes  which  may  be  a  natural  evolutionary 
procedure  in  the  practice  of  dentistry. 

14.  Group  Insurance:  The  American  Dental  Association  has  ap- 
proved a  form  of  group  insurance.  Its  interest  is  to  offer  to  its 
members  life  insurance  protection  at  a  minimum  cost. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  A.  D.  A.  has  recently  sponsored  a 
survey  of  dental  health  activities  in  this  country.  This  study  will  be 
conducted  by  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service.  The  plan 
has  been  perfected  and  field  workers  are  now  carrying  on  their 
investigation.  The  result  of  this  survey  will  be  published  for  the 
benefit  of  the  profession  and  the  public. 

The  outline  which  has  been  submitted  summarizes  briefly  the 
extensive  operations  and  purposes  of  the  American  Dental  Associa- 
tion. All  of  these  advantages  are  offered  to  the  members  of  the 
dental  profession  at  $4.00  a  year.  Economically  speaking,  the  cost 
of  this  service  is  but  a  fraction  more  than  one  cent  a  day. 

If  there  ever  was  a  need  for  membership  in  a  dental  society,  it 
is  even  more  pertinent  at  the  present  time.  There  are  in  North  Caro- 
lina 887  registered  dentists.  At  the  1932  meeting  of  the  A.  D.  A.  you 
were  credited  with  304  paid  members.  There  is  a  splendid  opportunity 
for  inci-easing  the  membership  in  this  State  organization.  Each 
component  society  should  exert  every  effort  to  bring  into  its  fold 
all  ethical  practitioners  in  their  districts.  I  commend  for  your  con- 
sideration in  this  connection,  the  "Indiana  Plan  of  Organization." 
This  makes  a  particular  appeal  to  the  younger  members  of  the 
profession. 

All  societies  have  certain  rules  regarding  deliilquent  meml>ers. 
There  are,  of  course,  the  chronic  members  who  are  always  desultory 
in  the  payment  of  their  dues.    These  should  be  treated  according  to 


Containing  the  Proceedings  153 

your  coustitutioual  provisions.  Tliere  are  ottier  members,  however, 
wlio  are  deserving  of  consideration.  As  these  are  unusual  times,  I 
would  urge  j-ou  to  be  indulgent  and  tolerant  with  your  membership. 

Now,  it  is  my  privilege  to  extend  to  you  an  official  invitation  to 
attend  the  75th  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Dental  Association 
in  Chicago,  August  7th  to  12th,  1933.  This  meeting  will  be  held  in 
conjunction  with  the  Chicago  Centennial  Dental  Congress.  It  is 
planned  to  make  this  one  of  the  finest  dental  conventions  ever  held. 
Judging  by  the  activities  of  the  Chicago  group  and  knowing  what 
has  already  been  accomplished,  I  have  no  doubts  about  the  fulfillment 
of  all  expectations.  All  sessions  of  the  convention  and  the  exhibits 
will  be  held  in  the  Stevens  Hotel. 

There  is  an  added  attraction  to  a  visit  to  Chicago  at  that  time 
which  is  the  Contury  of  Progress  Exposition.  Dentistry  will  be  well 
represented  with  a  series  of  exhibits  in  the  Hall  of  Science  Building. 
This  will  portray  dentistry  as  an  important  phase  of  health  service. 
You  are  urged  to  make  plans  to  attend  this  great  meeting. 

I  want  to  express  my  appreciation  for  your  courtesy  in  inviting 
me  to  appear  on  your  program.  It  is  always  a  pleasure  to  meet  with 
you.  My  presence  at  this  time  as  trustee  of  the  A.  D.  A.  from  the 
Fifth  District,  which  includes  North  Carolina,  carries  an  added 
responsibility.  Please  be  assured  that  it  will  be  my  purpose  at  all 
times  to  represent  the  wishes  of  my  constituents  and  the  dental 
profession  as  a  whole.     (Applause.) 

Dr.  Bear  showed  some  slides  of  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago 
and  extended  a  cordial  invitation  to  attend  the  A.  D.  A.  meeting 
in  Chicago. 

President  Jackson: 

Thank  you,  Dr.  Bear,  for  your  splendid  address.  It  was  very 
instructive. 

Dr.  U.  Garfield  Richert,  Ann  Arbor,  Midi.: 

Having  the  distinction  of  being  a  member  of  your  great 
organization,  I  ask  the  privilege  of  the  floor.  I  want  to  show 
you  that  I  appreciate  the  honor  shown  in  making  me  a  member 
of  your  State  Society.  There  is  just  one  other  thing  I  want 
to  say.  As  much  as  I  detest  it,  I  have  seen  during  the  past  few 
years  the  necessity  for  new  blood  and  a  new  deal  in  the  Ameri- 
can Dental  Association.  I  have  seen  certain  political  maneuvers 
that  I  resent  to  protect  certain  vital  things  coming  before  the 
dental  profession.  I  agree  perfectly  with  Avhat  the  Dean  has 
said.  I  want  to  see  men  head  the  profession  Avho  are  looking 
forward  instead  of  men  in  the  highest  chambers  of  the  organiza- 
tion Avho  are  politicians.  The  power  of  the  organization  has 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  certain  individuals  in  the  American 


154  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dental  Association.  Unless  we  call  on  men  of  integrity  that 
we  can  trust  and  men  that  have  the  interest  of  the  profession 
at  heart,  we  cannot  go  forward. 

I  happen  to  be  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  and  am 
sincerely  interested  in  having  our  representative  as  trustee  from 
this  District.  The  politicians  came  and  said  they  did  not  want 
any  Deans.  They  do  not  want  any  brains.  I  want  to  put  in  the 
thinking  element  in  America,  the  men  whose  judgment  we  can 
rely  on.  I  am  enthusiastic  in  my  endorsement  of  Dr.  Harry 
Bear.  I  want  to  say  that,  because  it  is  due  him.  I  am  glad 
that  he  has  been  placed  on  the  Board  of  Trustees.  I  thank  you. 
(Applause.) 

President  Jachson: 

I  wish  to  thank  you,  Dr.  Rickert.  I  assure  you  that  we  appre- 
ciate your  remarks. 

Dr.  L.  Langdon  Sheffield,  Toledo,  Ohio: 

I  wish  to  express  my  thanks  and  appreciation  of  the  honor 
your  Society  has  bestowed  upon  me  by  making  me  an  honorary 
member.  I  have  had  a  wonderful  time  down  here,  and  I  Avill 
take  home  with  me  many  happy,  pleasant  memories  of  being 
here.    (Applause.) 

President  Jachson: 

Thank  you.  Dr.  Sheffield.  I  want  to  assure  our  visiting 
clinicians  that  it  has  been  a  pleasure  to  have  you,  and  we  have 
enjoyed  your  visit.  You  have  brought  us  some  wonderful  infor- 
mation, and  instruction.  We  have  been  delighted  to  have  you 
and  I  hope  you  will  come  our  way  again. 

At  this  time  I  want  to  recognize  Dr.  G.  Fred  Hale  of  Raleigh, 
who  will  present  our  next  speaker. 

Dr.  G.  Fred  Hale,  Raleigh  : 

Members  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society :  First  I  want 
to  thank  Dr.  Bear  for  his  liberal  remarks  and  to  say  that  such 
comments  make  the  task  of  serving  the  Dental  Society  much 
more  pleasant. 

Permit  me  to  present  to  you  my  friend  and  your  friend,  and 
the  benefactor  of  children,  Dr.  G.  A.  C.  Jennings  of  Richmond, 
a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia. 
(Applause.) 


Containing  the  Proceedings  155 

Dr.  G.  A.  C.  Jennings,  D.D.S.,  Riclimond,  Ta.: 

About  a  moutli  ago  I  received  a  letter  from  your  committee 
asking  me  to  present  the  subject  of  children's  dentistry.  I  read 
the  letter  hurriedly  and  immediately  accepted  the  invitation, 
rather  a  selfish  motive  on  my  part.  I  thought  mostly  of  what 
a  good  time  I  was  going  to  have  meeting  friends.  My  presenta- 
tion, therefore,  is  perhaps  not  what  it  might  be. 

]^ot  much  sooner  had  I  received  this  invitation  and  accepted 
it,  than  our  mutual  friend  Dr.  Harrison — I  must  tell  you  this 
right  now :  I  took  Dr.  Harrison  back  to  Eichmond  and  on  the 
trip  back  we  talked  about  everybody  in  North  Carolina  and 
practically  every  subject.  When  we  finally  pulled  up  in  front 
of  the  Fifth  Street  Building  in  Eichmond,  Dr.  Harrison  said, 
"Jennings,  do  you  know  we  pretty  nearly  broke  a  record."  I 
said,  ''J^o."  He  said,  "Before  I  get  out  of  the  car,  I  want  to 
tell  you  a  nice  little  joke.  We  haven't  told  a  joke  since  we  left 
Ealeigh."  He  told  me  a  nice  little  joke.  I  am  sorry  I  can't 
repeat  it  here.    Anyway  we  kept  from  breaking  a  record. 

PRACTICAL  DENTISTRY  FOR  CHILDREN 

The  beginner  in  any  mechanical  work  does  not  at  once  arrive  at 
the  best,  and  most  practical  methods.  But,  if  he  is  an  observing 
person,  he  soon  falls  into  a  definite  order  of  procedure  which  he  may 
adhere  to  more  or  less  rigidly. 

I  must  admit  that  I  am  of  rather  a  lazy  type,  and  oftentimes 
have  spent  hours  of  folly  to  avoid  minutes  of  labor.  This  has 
been  true  since  my  hoyhood  days,  when  I  was  always  contriving  some 
apparatus  to  lessen  the  labor  of  my  chores. 

This  trait  has  clung  to  me,  and  even  in  the  practice  of  dentistry, 
I  find  myself  studying  the  subject  of  simplification  at  the  exijense 
of  every'  thing  except  pain  to  the  patient,  and  functional  service 
to  the  organ. 

It  is  from  this  angle  that  I  shall  discuss  my  methods  of  caring 
for  the  teeth  of  children. 

I  wish  to  make  myself  clearly  understood  in  the  beginning  of  this 
brief  discussion,  I  am  not  attempting  to  be  scientific,  and  shall  not 
picture  any  "Utopia"  to  those  who  are  over  enthusiastic.  Because 
we  all  have  failures,  and  at  times  lose  faith  and  wonder  if  our 
efforts  are  worth  while. 

It  has  l>eeu  my  privilege  to  have  heard  and  read,  many  discussions 
on  the  subject  of  dentistry  for  children.  Most  of  them  have  high 
ideals  and  picture  a  beautiful  future  for  preventive  dentistry.  AH 
have  very  forcefully  impressed  the  necessity  for  dentistry  for  chil- 
dren, and  I  am  sure  that  any  reader  of  current  dental  literature 
has  been  converted  to  the  idea.  Many  articles  have  been  idealistic 
and  advocated  some  one  technique  or  another  as  a  panacea.    All  of 


156  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

them  are  good,  no  doubt,  in  the  author's  hands,  and  it  is  not  my 
purpose  to  discredit  any  of  them;  inlays  with  the  slice  preparation, 
silver  amalgam,  copper  amalgam,  kryptex,  and  cements  of  various 
kinds.  All  of  these  are  good,  and  to  the  man  who  uses  any  of  them 
with  a  large  degree  of  success  I  wish  to  pay  honor  and  tribute.  But, 
to  the  man  who  deliberately  refrains  from  treating  children's  teeth, 
and  does  not  advise  the  parent  of  the  necessity  of  such  treatment, 
I  have  little  regard  for  his  credit  to  the  dental  profession. 

My  discussion,  which  I  prefer  to  call  "Shop  Talk  on  Dentistry  for 
Kids,"  is  just  a  simple  narrative  of  the  routine  procedure  in  my 
office.  I  feel  so  close  to  all  my  friends  here  in  North  Carolina,  I  am 
sure  you  will  not  think  me  egotistical,  for  I  only  wish  to  convey  to 
you  the  technique  which  has  proven  most  successful  in  my  hands. 

I  can  best  present  my  subject  by  taking  up  various  steps  of  pro- 
cedure under  separate  headings,  and  I  have  chosen  office  environment 
first. 

Office  Eis'vironment 

Today  children  are  being  given  more  consideration  in  every  line 
of  endeavor  than  ever  before.  The  barber,  for  instance,  has  seen  the 
necessity  of  appealing  to  them,  and  his  shop  has  been  made  attractive. 
Schools,  stores,  and  theatres  have  studied  their  desires  and  are 
catering  to  them.  So  we,  as  professional  men,  must  give  them  like 
consideration.  In  your  reception  rooms  small  fui'niture  is  most  at- 
tractive to  the  adult,  as  well  as  the  child.  Have  at  least  one  or 
two  chairs  for  the  little  ones,  so  they  may  feel  that  they  are  ex- 
pected and  can  be  made  comfortable.  Have  a  toy,  or  books  which 
will  amuse  them.  Though  it  is  not  necessary  that  they  be  elaborate. 
Your  operating  room  need  not  be  touched.  Simplicity  and  neatness 
is  all  that  is  required. 

Child  Psychology 

Child  psychology  should  be  applied  at  all  times,  and  particularly 
the  first  visit.  I  always  know  the  child's  first  name  and  greet  him, 
calling  him  by  name.  I  frequently  meet  the  new  patient  in  street 
clothes,  as  the  operating  coat  appears  too  professional.  There  is  an 
ottoman  in  my  child's  play  room  that  I  invariably  use  to  sit  on 
while  talking  to  the  little  patients.  When  I  am  seated  my  eyes  are 
about  on  a  level  with  theirs.  A  suitable  conversation  is  stai'ted,  and 
I  offer  to  guess  his  weight  by  lifting  him.  I  weigh  the  child  in  the 
operating  room  later.  When  the  patient  is  in  the  dental  chair  I  in- 
spire confidence  by  being  truthful,  generous  with  explanation,  and 
allowing  him  to  know  and  see  what  is  to  be  done. 

Small  children  like  to  be  amused,  even  after  they  are  seated  in 
the  operating  chair.  However,  they  are  more  interested  in  what  is 
going  to  be  done  to  them  than  anything  else  at  that  moment.  Conse- 
quently, I  have  devised  a  plain  mirror  which  is  attached  to  a  head 
strap,  similar  to  those  used  by  the  Rhinologist.  This  mirror  can 
easily  be  adjusted  by  either  myself  or  the  child  so  that  perfect 
visibility  for  the  patient  may  be  obtained.  Most  of  the  time  I  operate 
from  behind  the  chair.    The  child  can  see  what  is  taking  place  even 


Coniainlng  ihe  Proceedings  157 

-when  I  operate  with  the  mouth  mirror,  (indirectly).  I  explain  to 
the  child  in  understandable  words  just  what  I  intend  to  do,  and  he  is 
allowed  to  see  the  operation.  My  patients  know  when  a  cavity  is  free 
from  decay  nearly  as  quickly  as  I  do.  They  are  explained  the  causes 
and  see  the  necessity  for  what  little  pain  that  might  be  attached 
to  the  particular  phase  of  dentistry  I  am  doing.  With  the  child  in 
this  mental  attitude  I  usually  have  perfect  cooperation. 

Cavity  Prepabations 

I  use  short  shank  burs  and  a  miniature  contra  angle  hand-piece 
most  of  the  time.  The  cavity  preparations  I  shall  describe  are  for 
amalgam  restorations,  as  I  use  them  mostly. 

Cavity  preparation  for  the  Class  I  and  Class  V  cavities  in  the 
deciduous  teeth.  Much  the  same  technique  is  followed  as  described 
by  Black  for  the  permanent  ones.  The  only  exception  being  beveling 
the  cavity  margins.  A  greater  bevel  is  required  due  to  the  anatomy 
of  the  deciduous  teeth,  the  enamel  being  thin  and  brittle. 

Class  II  cavities.  With  a  No.  34  inverted  cone  bur  I  start  in  the 
occlusal  pit,  either  the  mesial  or  distal,  as  the  case  may  be,  and 
with  a  swaying  motion  cut  down  through  the  dento-enamel  junction. 
From  this  point,  with  the  same  instrument  I  cut  through  mesial  or 
distal,  depending  upon  the  cavity,  to  the  carious  portion  of  the  tooth. 
Then,  with  hand  instruments ;  chisels,  hatchets,  and  excavators,  often- 
times remove  all  decay  without  further  use  of  a  bur.  The  occlusal 
step  must  be  broad  and  wide.  Large  Fissure  burs  and  stones  are 
used  for  this  purpose.  The  margins  of  the  cavity  are  placed  well 
buccally  and  lingually  for  prevention  and  high  upon  the  incline 
plains.  The  gingival  seat  must  be  shallow  due  to  the  horn  of  the 
pulp.  Strength  and  anchorage  are  secured  by  the  occlusal  step  and  a 
bulk  of  filling  material  is  required. 

The  Class  III  cavities  are  seldom  treated,  except  in  the  cuspids, 
and  using  the  same  technique  as  for  permanent  teeth.  With  the 
incisors  I  use  a  Joe  Dandy,  or  safeside  disk,  and  polish  the  surface 
flush  with  the  base  of  the  cavity,  so  as  not  to  collect  food.  Contact 
points  normally  are  lost  by  bony  development. 

Class  IV  cavities.   The  same  as  above. 

I  use  cotton  rolls  with  the  Ivory  type  holder,  and  the  saliva  ejector 
to  maintain  dryness.  The  rubber  dam  is  seldom  used.  There  are 
many  tinger  manipulations  one  can  use  to  advantage.  Oftentimes 
in  preparing  a  cavity  in  the  lower  arch  for  children,  the  anterior 
teeth  are  loose,  and  in  getting  a  rest  for  the  finger  of  the  operating 
hand,  you  may  use  these  tender  teeth,  and  cause  much  discomfort  to 
the  patient.  With  the  mouth  mirror  held  firmly  between  the  thumb 
and  forefinger,  the  little  finger  supporting  the  chin,  the  middle  finger 
may  rest  on  the  soft  tissue  just  above  the  fold  of  the  muccous  mem- 
brane, and  be  used  as  a  rest  very  satisfactorily,  for  all  the  teeth 
on  one  side,  and  to  the  sec-ond  deciduous  molar  on  the  other.  This 
same  finger  may  hold  a  small  cotton  roll. 


158  Bulleiin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Matrices 

In  Class  II,  or  compound  cavities,  I  always  use  a  matrix.  Various 
Icinds  of  matrices  are  on  the  market.  Most  of  them  are  made  of  thin 
steel.  No  douht  you  have  selected  the  one  that  appeals  to  your  indi- 
vidual requirements.  I  think  I  have  tried  most  of  them  from  the 
looks  of  my  cabinet.  Most  of  these  matrices  require  a  matrix  holder, 
and  very  few  small  children  will  tolerate  them.  They  are  dithcult 
to  place  on  the  deciduous  tooth,  due  to  the  anatomy,  and  the  little 
tongues  will  invariably  push  them  off  just  at  the  most  inopportune 
moment.  The  .saliva  glands  in  young  children  are  very  active  and  it 
is  necessary  to  allow  the  child  to  expectorate  often.  For  this  reason, 
I  do  not  use  any  matrix  that  requires  a  holder  on  very  young 
patients. 

I  have  titted  bands  made  of  German  silver,  and  soft  solder,  but 
this  takes  too  much  time.  I  have  used  wedges  of  wood,  cotton  or 
gutta-purcha  to  hold  matrix  material  in  place,  but  not  very  satis- 
factorily. At  the  present  time  I  am  using  only  one  type  for  young 
patients.  The  most  satisfactory  matrix  in  my  hands  is  a  seamless 
uoncorrosive  band.  These  bauds  may  be  secured  from  the  supply 
house  in  various  sizes.  I  use  sizes  varying  from  No.  10  to  No.  15. 
These  usuallj-  serve  all  the  purposes  from  the  deciduous  molars. 
These  bands  are  cut  so  that  three  matrics  can  be  obtained  from  each 
baud.  The  band  selected  is  always  larger  than  the  tooth,  and  with 
a  pair  of  flat  beak  pliers  it  is  pinched  on  the  surface  which  is  to  be 
the  buccal.  Thus  giving  the  band  some  spring  so  it  will  stay  on  the 
tooth  momentarily.  The  band  is  contoured  and  trimmed  so  as  not  to 
injure  the  investing  tissues,  and  placed  under  the  free  margin  of  the 
gum  where  necessary  and  the  patient  is  allowed  to  close  in  natural 
occlusion.  The  band  is  removed  and  trimmed  again  if  the  patient 
cannot  close  comfortably.  Then  with  a  pair  of  serrated  straight 
beak  pliers  the  band  is  pinched  and  pulled  until  it  fits  snugly  around 
the  neck  of  the  tooth  and  a  lap  fold  is  made,  always  carrying  the 
fold  away  from  the  cavity.  A  rough  serrated  instrument  is  used 
to  force  the  matrix  into  a  neat  fold.  A  ball  shaped  burnisher  may 
be  used  to  establish  a  contact  point.  Sometimes  a  hole  is  drilled  at 
the  desired  contact  point  with  a  No.  4  round  bur.  Dry  cotton  may 
be  inserted,  buccally  and  lingually,  if  the  band  stands  off  at  the 
gingival.  Wooden  wedges  may  be  used,  gutta  percha,  or  even  dental 
floss  ligatures  may  be  tied  around  the  band  at  the  neck  of  the  tooth 
with  a  surgeon's  knot. 

Now  we  are  ready  to  place  the  amalgam.  Any  amount  of  condensa- 
tion can  be  accomplished  and  the  child  can  occlude  as  often  or  as 
forcefully  as  he  likes  without  fear  of  destroying  your  restoration. 
This  matrix  can  remain  on  the  tooth  until  the  next  sitting,  and  is 
advisable  sometimes,  because  amalgam  does  not  crystalize  quickly. 
When  the  matrix  is  satisfactorily  placed  with  a  snug  fit  at  the 
gingival  there  is  no  discomfort  in  leaving  it  until  the  next  appoint- 
ment, provided  it  is  burnished  around  the  surface  of  the  tooth. 


Containing  fJie  Proceedings  159 

Filling  Materl\.l 

The  filling  materials  used  mostly  in  my  office  are  liigli  standard 
Silver  Amalgam,  Copper  Amalgam,  and  occasionally  Copper  Cement. 
Cement  is  used  as  test  fillings  and  where  the  tooth  is  expected  to  be 
lost  within  a  period  of  a  few  months. 

All  cavities  are  sterilized  either  with  Phenol,  Silveruitrate  and 
Eugenol  or  Ammoniated  Silvernitrate  and  Formalin. 

In  cavities  free  from  discolored  dentine  Phenol  is  used,  and  Silver 
Amalgam  is  inserted. 

In  cavities  with  solid  discolored  dentine,  Eugenol  and  Silvernitrate 
are  used  and  a  Copper  Amalgam  base  over  which  is  inserted  a  Silver 
Amalgam,  all  accomplished  at  the  same  sitting. 

In  cavities  where  the  removal  of  leathery  decay  may  cause  an 
exposure,  I  use  ammoniated  Silvernitrate  and  Formalin,  followed 
with  a  test  filling  of  cement.  After  sufficient  time  has  elapsed,  a 
Silver  Amalgam  may  replace  the  cement. 

With  the  matrix  in  place,  as  I  have  described  above,  the  amalgam 
may  be  placed.  With  one  hand  holding  the  mouth  mirror,  and 
supporting  the  chin,  if  a  lower  tooth,  the  filling  may  be  condensed 
as  thoroughly  as  desired.  In  finishing  the  fillings,  the  young  patient 
wants  to  spit  out  the  small  scraps  of  amalgam,  which  fall  on  the 
tongue,  as  rapidly  and  often  as  they  accumulate.  In  the  upper  arch, 
catch  the  fragments  on  the  mirror,  in  the  lower  arch  force  the  scraps 
to  the  buccal.  The  child  will  tolerate  this  procedure.  The  inlayed 
mirror  is  used  to  an  advantage  with  the  upper  teeth.  It  retains  the 
scraps.  The  child  may  occlude  as  forcefully  as  they  desire.  This 
aids  in  carving  the  occlusal  which  is  very  essential.  The  matrix  band 
may  be  left  on  until  the  next  sitting,  as  the  child  is  not  any  too 
cautious  in  exerting  occlusal  force  on  the  newly  placed  filling. 
Amalgam  fillings  may  be  polished  easier  by  the  use  of  plug-finishing 
burs  and  Burlew  Discs. 

Cavities  of  greatest  consequence  occur  on  the  proximal  surfaces  of 
the  deciduous  molars  and  due  to  the  broad,  fiat  contact  ix)iuts.  X-ray 
is  of  great  aid  in  determining  early  caries. 

Oftentimes  in  preparing  a  comiwund  cavity  on  the  distal  of  a  first 
deciduous  molar,  we  find  a  small  cavity  on  the  mesial  of  the  second 
molar,  if  the  cavity  is  below  the  normal  contact  point.  That  is,  if 
there  is  sufficient  bulk  of  enamel  occlusally  to  withstand  chewing 
force,  and  provided  the  X-ray  shows  the  presence  of  a  second 
bicuspid  tooth. 

I  oftentimes  prepare  a  simple  proximal  cavity.  The  unfilled  cavity 
of  the  first  deciduous  molar  will  allow  accessability.  Such  cavities 
are  always  filled  with  Copper  Amalgam  for  the  following  reasons: 
Lack  of  occlusal  force,  and  areas  that  are  not  self-cleansing,  and  the 
deposit  of  copper  salts  will  tend  to  prevent  the  recurrence  of  decay. 
Whenever  there  are  compound  approximal  cavities  on  the  first 
and  second  deciduous  molars,  I  always  fill  the  second  deciduous  molar 
first,  and  place  a  Zinc  Oxide  and  Eugenol  filling  in  the  first  molar. 
On  the  next  visit  the  filling  is  polished  at  the  gingival  and  proximal 
before  the  filling  is  inserted  in  the  first  molar.  My  reason  is  this  : 
the  first  bicuspid  usually  erupts  two  or  three  years  before  the  second, 


160  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

and  there  is  a  smooth  contact  point  for  it  to  rest  against,   which 
may  prevent  it  from  decaying. 

In  placing  restorations  in  the  deciduous  teeth  there  are  two 
things  I  hope  you  will  remember,  if  you  forget  everything  else  I  have 
said.  First,  most  of  the  deciduous  teeth  that  you  till  should  be 
retained  by  the  child  longer  than  you  expect  the  best  sylicate  tilling 
to  last  which  you  place  for  your  adult  patients,  and  just  as  great 
a  service  is  rendered,  thus  justifying  an  equivalent  fee.  Second, 
many  deciduous  teeth  have  no  permanent  successor,  and  unless  you 
know  there  is  one,  you  should  place  your  filling  with  all  the  perma- 
nency that  you  expect  of  the  restorations  for  your  adults. 

Okal  Prophylaxis 

In  cleaning  teeth  for  young  children  I  prefer  the  use  of  the  rubber 
cup  to  the  brush.  The  patient  tolerates  it  better,  because  it  does  not 
scatter  the  dentifrice  all  over  the  mouth,  and  is  not  as  irritating 
to   the  investing   tissues. 

Children  during  the  eruption  of  the  permanent  teeth  neglect  their 
mouths  because  of  tender  gums,  and  sore  teeth.  Particularly  during 
the  eruption  of  the  six-year  molars,  and  after  their  eruption  a 
thorough  scaling  of  second  deciduous  molars  is  very  essential.  I  make 
it  a  practice  to  give  a  tooth  brush  demonstration  to  all  patients  over 
six  years  of  age. 

Extractions 

The  removal  of  deciduous  teeth  is  not  always  easy.  I  have  divided 
deciduous  extractions  into  four  groups.  Those  teeth  where  the  roots 
have  completely  absorbed.  Teeth  with  roots  partially  absorbed,  broken 
down  teeth  and  teeth  in  which  no  absorption  has  taken  place. 
The  first  class  is  very  simple,  oftentimes  just  breaking  the  con- 
tinuity of  the  margin  of  the  gum  will  release  the  vacuum  and  tooth 
is  simply  removed.  I  always  paint  the  tooth  with  mercurochrome  and 
have  the  child  expectorate  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that  they 
"spit  pink."  Thoroughly  dry  the  tooth  and  then  apply  iodine  and 
acconite,  and  with  the  beaks  of  cotton  pliers  flow  Phenol  around 
the  free  margin  of  the  gum,  then  with  a  large  spoon  excavator 
remove  the  tooth.  The  mercurochrome  is  used  only  for  its  psycholog- 
ical effect,  for  when  the  blood  comes  he  still  is  just  spitting  pink. 

The  second  class — teeth  with  roots  partially  absorbed.  The  child's 
age  must  be  considered,  and  thus  the  development  of  the  succeeding 
permanent  tooth,  depending  upon  this,  you  may  determine  the  amount 
of  bony  attachments  to  the  roots,  either  infiltration,  or  conductive,  is 
used,  according  to  the  patient.  If  your  experience  has  taught  you 
that  in  a  child  seven  years  and  six  months  old  the  first  deciduous 
tooth  which  normally  should  be  lost  at  the  age  of  nine,  has  little 
bony  attachments  to  the  roots,  infiltration  is  all  that  is  necessary  for 
a  painless  extraction.  But  the  age  is  not  the  only  guide,  as  the 
dentition  varies  in  different  children. 

In  teeth  with  the  roots  fully  developed,  conductive  or  general 
will  give  best  results.  I  have  given  conductive  to  children  three  and 
a  half  vears  of  age  with  success.    Broken  down  teeth  and  abnormal 


Containing  the  Proceedings  161 

absorption  is  the  most  difficult  type.  Conductive  is  most  satisfactory 
and  great  care  must  be  used  with  the  elevators.  I  use  them  bucco- 
lingually  mostly.  Seldom  anteriorly  or  posteriorly,  the  finger  being 
used  as  a  fulcrum,  and  the  apex  of  the  root  is  exposed  before  the 
elevator  is  applied.  Large  spoon  excavators  are  used  for  this  purpose 
mostly.     ( Applause. ) 

Dr.  Jennings  showed  some  slides,  covering  some  of  the  pro- 
cedures as  mentioned  in  his  paper. 

President  Jachson: 

Thank  you  for  the  splendid  presentation  of  your  paper,  Dr. 
Jennings. 

xlt  this  time  I  will  ask  Dr.  Ernest  Branch  to  present  our 
next  essayist. 

Dr.  E.  A.  Branch,  Raleigh: 

I  think  one  of  the  most  fortunate  things  we  have  in  our 
organization  in  this  State  was  a  few  years  ago  when  we  had  an 
extension  course  at  the  great  JSTorthwestern  University  and  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina.  At  that  time  many  men  in 
this  State  were  given  an  opportunity  to  find  that  they  needed 
more  training  of  an  intensified  nature.  Among  those  who  de- 
cided that  was  the  essayist  at  this  time.  Dr.  Wallace  Mustian. 
Dr.  Mustian  was  not  altogether  satisfied  to  quit  with  that 
extension  course,  but  went  to  JSTorthwestern  and  stayed  last  year, 
and  while  there  he  gathered  a  great  deal  of  benefit  to  himself 
and  benefit  to  the  jNTorth  Carolina  Dental  Society,  and  at  this 
time  he  is  going  to  give  you  an  opportunity  to  benefit  in  some 
of  the  things  he  has  learned.   Dr.  Mustian.    (Applause.) 

Dr.  Wallace  F.  Mustian,  D.D.S.,  M.S.D.: 

Mr.  President,  fellow  members  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society,  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  as  a  member  of  this  organiza- 
tion to  appear  to  you  this  morning,  especially  at  the  end  of  the 
program.  I  realize  it  is  very  difiicult  to  maintain  your  attention 
as  the  last  thing  on  the  program.  Without  further  comment 
I  will  go  direct  to  my  first  paragraph,  and  I  would  also  like 
for  you  to  keep  in  mind  the  views  which  have  been  shown  upon 
the  screen. 


162  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


THE  FLOOR  OF  THE  MAXILLARY   SINUS  AND  ITS   DENTAL, 
ORAL   AND   NASAL   RELATIONS 

By  Wallace  F.  Mustian,  D.D.S.,  M.S.D.* 

Warrenton,  North  Carolina 

A  realization  of  the  importance  to  the  dentist  of  an  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  relations  of  the  maxillary  sinus  floor  prompted 
this  study. 

Possibly  no  part  of  our  bony  anatomy  presents  as  many  anatomical 
variations  as  the  maxillary  sinus.  It  seems  that  almost  any  variation 
in  size  and  shape  consistent  with  the  boundaries  of  the  maxilla  and 
certain  articulating  bones  including  tlie  teeth  may  exist.  With  this 
in  mind,  this  work  was  primarily  undertaken  for  the  purpose  of 
making  and  recording  anatomic  observations  that  would  be  of  value 
to  the  Dentist,  Oral  Surgeon  and  Rhinologist.  Standardized  operative 
procedure  in  the  presence  of  marked  anatomical  variations  may  lead 
to  unpleasant  and  even  dangerous   results. 

The  object  of  this  study  was  to  determine  what  were  the  relations 
of  the  floor  of  the  maxillary  sinus,  and  wliat  were  the  possible  types 
and  frequency  of  variations  from  the  usual  in  the  floor;  also,  the 
application  of  this  knowledge  to  practical  purposes. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  research,  four  thousand  observations  were 
made  on  one  hundred  human  maxillary  sinuses.  Materials  were  ob- 
tained from  the  anatomic  laboratory  of  Northwestern  University 
Dental  School.  The  subjects,  all  past  middle  life,  had  had  practically 
no  dental  care  except  an  occasional  emergency  extraction. 

No  attempt  was  made  to  select  the  specimens  so  as  to  show  certain 
specific  conditions  because  we  wished  to  show  averages. 

All  of  the  specimens  were  well  preserved,  saggital  sections  of  the 
face  bones  excluding  the  mandible.  Numerous  cuts  and  sections  were 
made  at  different  locations,  thereby,  exix)sing  the  sinus  in  the  most 
advantageous  locations,  and  showing  its  relations  to  the  nasal,  fossa, 
l^alate.  zygoma,  concha,  median  and  lateral  walls  of  the  nose,  the 
alveolar  ridge,  also  the  tooth  relations  to  the  floor. 

The  subject  of  the  maxillary  sinus  is  not  new  because  Galen,  a 
Greek  physician  in  the  year  of  139-201  knew  of  it.  N.  Highmore,  an 
English  anatomist,  in  1851  gave  what  was  considered  the  first  de- 
scription of  the  cavity.  He  discovered  this  sinus  by  the  extraction  of 
a  left  canine  tooth.  In  as  much  as  this  tooth  rarely  comes  into 
relationship  with  the  floor,  the  sinus  in  this  case  must  have  been 
exceedingly  large. 


*Abstracted  from  a  portion  of  a  thesis  submitted  to  the  faculty 
of  Northwestern  University  Dental  School  in  partial  fulfillment  for 
the  requirements  for  the  degree  of  Master  of  Science  in  Dentistry. 
August,  1932. 

*Read  before  the  Fourth  District  Dental  Society  of  North  Carolina, 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  November  23,  1932. 

*Read  before  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  at  Chapel  Hill, 
June  S.  1933. 


Confaining  the  Proceedings  163 

Cowper  in  1701  exposed  the  sinus  through  a  tooth  socket  and  later 
the  mode  of  making  entry  into  the  sinus  through  a  socket  was  given 
his  name.  Zukerkandl\  in  1S93,  was  next  to  make  a  thorough  study 
of  the  sinus.  Since  then  J.  Parsons  Schaeffer=,  Cryer^  and  SkillemS 
with  others  haA^e  given  the  maxillary  sinus  careful  study. 

Anatomic  Description  of  Floor  of  Maxillary  Sinus 

Their  description  of  the  maxillary  sinus  and  especially  the  floor  is 
brief.  They  give  no  indication  of  the  variability  of  floor.  Few 
maxillary  sinuses  correspond  exactly  to  the  classical  presentation 
as  found  in  most  text  books. 

Morris"'  description  of  the  anatomy  of  the  floor  of  the  sinus  varies 
in  no  great  essential  to  that  found  in  other  text  books  on  anatomy. 
It  follows:  "The  floor  of  the  sinus  is  usually  very  uneven  due  to 
the  prominences  corresponding  to  the  roots  of  the  molar  teeth.  In 
most  cases  the  bone  separating  the  teeth  from  the  sinus  is  very  thin 
and  occasionally  the  roots  project  into  it.  The  teeth  which  come  into 
closest  relationship  with  the  sinus  are  the  first  and  second  molars. 
But  the  sockets  of  any  of  the  teeth  lodged  in  the  maxilla  may,  under 
diseased  conditions  communicate  with  it.  As  a  rule  the  cavity  of  the 
sinus  is  single,  but  occasionally  specimens  are  seen  in  which  it  is 
divided  by  long  septa  into  chambers,  and  it  is  not  uncommon  to  find 
recesses  separated  by  bony  processes." 

It  was  found  that  the  topography  of  the  floor  of  the  sinus  usually 
corresponds  to  one  side  of  a  kidney  if  one  end  was  somewhat  sharp- 
ened and  the  other  flattened.  The  sharpened  end  would  be  like  the 
anterior  part  of  the  sinus  floor  while  the  flattened  end  would  re- 
semble the  posterior.  The  hilum  or  concavity  of  the  kidney  to  that 
of  the  nasal  wall,  while  the  lateral  border  or  convexity,  would  fit 
roughly  into  the  zygomatic  prominence.  The  lowest  part  of  the  floor 
was  usually  found  to  be  over  the  second  molar  area.  From  this 
point  the  floor  rises  more  abruptly  in  the  anterior  direction  than 
it  does  in  the  posterior.  It  is  usually  oval  from  side  to  side  but 
occasionally  where  it  dips  down  between  the  buccal  and  palatal  roots 
of  the  molars  or  into  a  sharp  edentulous  alveolar  (ridge)  process, 
it  may  be  more  constricted  or  V  shaped.  It  may  occasionally  burrow 
under  the  floor  of  the  nose  leaving  the  lateral  wall  of  the  nose 
to  form  a  distinct  ledge. 

Partial  septa-forming  Gothic-like  arches  may  arise  from  the  nasal 
and  lateral  walls  and  form  deep  pockets  or  depressions  in  the  floor 
and  alveolar  process.  The  resorption  of  the  floor  of  the  sinus 
about  the  roots  of  the  teeth  or  between  the  bifurcations  of  the  molar 
teeth  often  leave  the  roots  of  these  teeth  projecting  into  the  floor 
in  conical  shaped  projections  or  distinct  eminences  on  the  walls.  In 
a  few  cases  no  bone  was  observed  over  portions  of  the  roots.  They 
were  covered  only  by  the  muco-periosteum  lining  the  cavity. 

In  our  study  there  were  no  landmarks  to  aid  in  determining  the 
form  or  size  of  the  antra  before  they  were  exposed.  No  definite  reason 
can  be  given  for  their  size  and  shape.  The  shape  of  the  palatal  arch 
gave  no  information  as  to  the  formation  of  the  sinuses.  Often  in 
heads  showing  narrow  constricted  arches  the  sinuses  were  found  to 


164  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

be  usually  large,  and  eveu  extended  into  different  processes  to  vari- 
able depths. 

Underwood"  has  stated  "that  a  surgeon  can  pronounce  with  toler- 
able accuracy  the  size  of  the  cavity,  the  level  of  the  floor,  and  the 
presence  and  extent  of  septa."  However,  he  does  not  explain  his 
methods  of  arriving  at  this  deduction. 

Limits  of  the  IYoor  and  Its  Tooth  Relations 

Our  observations  confirm  those  of  Shea',  Jackson^  Boyne',  Schaef- 
fer^,  ZukerkandlS  and  others  relative  to  the  teeth  in  the  sinus  region. 
The  question  of  what  teeth  are  directly  under  the  floor  of  the  max- 
illary sinus  is  a  very  important  one.  It  was  found  all  the  teeth  in 
the  true  maxilla,  could  be  under  the  sinus  region,  but  seldom  does 
this  happen.  In  other  words,  according  to  our  observations,  the  sinus 
floor  could  extend  in  an  anterior-posterior  direction  from  a  point 
half-way  between  the  lateral  incisor  and  cuspid  to  the  infra-temporal 
wall  (heel  of  the  tuberosity)  of  the  maxilla.  In  the  specimens 
studied,  no  sinus  floor  extended  as  far  forward  as  the  lateral  incisor, 
but  three  specimens  came  forward  to  a  space  half-way  between  the 
lateral  and  cuspid.   Two  of  these  were  edentulous. 

In  the  remainder  of  the  specimens  the  sinus  cavity  began  anteri- 
orly in  the  following  order,  as  compared  to  the  teeth :  twenty-six 
times  it  began  over  the  cuspid,  sixteen  times  half-way  between  the 
cuspid  and  first  bicuspid,  ten  times  at  a  point  over  the  first  bicuspid, 
twenty-three  times  between  the  bicuspids,  eight  times  it  began  over 
the  second  bicuspid,  eleven  times  between  the  second  bicuspid  and  first 
molar,  and  three  times  over  the  first  molar.  In  seventy-five  per  cent 
of  the  cases,  the  sinus  floor  will  begin  between  the  cuspid  and  second 
bicuspid  tooth.  In  twenty-flve  per  cent  of  the  cases,  at  points  from 
the  second  bicuspid  to  the  first  molar  excepting  the  three  cases  which 
began  mesial  to  the  cuspid. 

The  posterior  wall  of  the  sinus  ended  at  the  infra-temporal  wall 
of  the  maxilla  in  ninety-seven  per  cent  of  the  specimens.  This  wall 
was  found  very  thin.  In  most  cases  almost  paper  thin.  The  deduc- 
tion from  these  observations  would  be,  that  the  sinus  floor  usually 
extends  from  the  second  bicuspid  to  the  infra-temiwral  wall  of  the 
maxilla. 

Our  smallest  sinus  was  in  an  edentulous  maxilla.  It  began  be- 
tween the  bicuspid  area  and  ended  just  distal  to  the  second  molar. 
In  two  specimens  the  posterior  wall  of  the  sinus  ended  directly  over 
the  third  molar. 

Tooth  Relations  to  the  Floor 

The  position  which  the  roots  of  the  teeth  occupied  to  the  floor  of 
the  sinus  varied  considerably.  For  example,  the  apical  ends  of  the 
roots  varied  as  much  as  20  millimeters  in  their  extremes  as  com- 
pared to  the  floor  of  the  sinus.  Certain  specimens  will  show  as  much 
as  10  millimeters  of  process  between  the  apices  of  the  roots  of  the 
teeth  and  the  floor  of  the  sinus.  Other  specimens  will  show  where 
the  floor  of  the  sinus  descended  to  the  bifurcation  of  the  molars 
leaving  the  roots  of  the  teeth  10  millimeters  above  the  floor  in  the 


Containing  the  Proceedings  165 

walls  of  the  siuus.    Auy  degree  of  variation  or  difference  on  either 
side  of  these  extremes  is  possible. 

It  was  found  that  the  second  molar  roots  occupied  positions  in 
the  walls  of  the  sinus  more  frequently  than  any  other  tooth.  More 
than  twice  as  frequent  as  the  roots  of  the  second  bicuspid  and  the 
first  and  third  molars.  The  cuspid  and  first  bicuspid  roots  did  not 
appear  in  the  walls  of  the  sinus  in  the  specimens.  The  second 
bicuspid  occurred  in  the  palatal  wall  twice  and  in  the  buccal  wall 
five  times.  The  order  of  the  roots  of  the  other  teeth  as  to  their 
positions  in  the  walls  of  the  sinus  above  the  floor  are  :  the  second 
molar,  the  first  molar,  and  the  third  molar  respectively.  The  average 
height  which  the  palatal  roots  appeared  in  the  palatal  process  was 
3.9  millimeters.  The  thin  cortical  bone  lining  the  maxillary  sinus 
was  the  only  bone  separating  these  roots  from  the  muco-periosteal 
lining  of  the  sinus  in  most  cases. 

The  second  molar  formed  more  conical  projections  in  the  floor  of 
the  maxillary  sinus  than  anj^  other  tooth.  We  found  that  the  second 
molar  formed  forty-six  prominences,  the  third  molar  twenty-two, 
the  first  molar  sixteen,  and  the  second  bicuspid  eleven.  The  cuspid 
and  the  first  bicuspid  were  not  projected  into  the  sinus  as  conical 
projections.  These  mounds  or  elevations  of  the  roots  seemed  to  be 
caused  by  resorption  of  the  floor  of  the  siuus  about  the  roots  of  the 
teeth.  Sometimes  the  resorption  of  the  wall  of  the  sinus  would  take 
place  on  three  sides  of  the  root  only,  leaving  the  roots  of  the  teeth 
left  on  the  walls  as  distinct  pillow-like  projections.  At  other  times 
the  resorption  of  bone  apparently  took  place  equally  on  all  sides  of 
the  roots  leaving  finger-like  projections  from  the  floor  with  little 
or  no  cortical  bone  covering  them  at  places. 

The  nerves  and  blood  vessels  coursing  down  from  the  walls  and 
rising  up  in  a  funnel-like  manner  to  and  entering  the  apex  of  the 
root. 

Pneumatization  of  Maxiixa 

Pneumatization  of  the  maxilla  and  its  processes  varies  consider- 
ably. This  variation  governs  the  size  of  the  sinus.  It  was  found  that 
the  sinus  could  extend  into  any  of  the  processes  of  the  maxilla  and 
even  into  the  zygoma,  concha,  or  palate  bone.  The  most  frequent  ex- 
tension was  into  the  alveolar  and  zygomatic  processes. 

Blair^^  makes  the  statement  that  he  has  seen  the  palatal  process 
pneumatized  to  the  midline.  In  the  one  hundred  cases  examined 
in  our  study,  only  one  extended  as  far  as  7  millimeters  under  the 
floor  of  the  nose  or  two-thirds  of  the  distance  to  the  midline.  This 
specimen  also  showed  a  large  canal  for  drainage  of  the  anterior 
ethmoidal  cells  directly  into  the  maxillary  sinus. 

This  peripheral  enlargement  of  the  cavity  often  leaves  partial 
septa,  bony  ridges  and  projections  of  varying  heights  on  the  floor 
of  the  cavity,  thus  forming  distinct  pockets  or  depressions  in  many 
cases. 

Septa  on  the  Floor 

In  a  great  percentage  of  the  cases  there  was  found  some  obstruc- 
tion on  the  floor  of  the  sinus.  The  septa  were  invariably  found  over 
the  teeth  and  they  ran  normally  in  a  medio-lateral  direction.    The 


166  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

septa  averaged  4.2  millimeters  and  some  were  found  as  high  as  10 
millimeters.  It  is  evident  that  a  pocket  on  the  floor  of  at  least  10 
millimeters  might  occur.  Dependent  drainage  or  the  removal  of  a 
foreign  body  from  one  of  these  pockets  offers  a  real  problem.  Real- 
izing this,  Chevalier  Jackson"  stated  that  "these  compartments  often 
require  individual  treatment." 

In  an  analysis  of  the  findings,  it  was  found  that  two-tliirds  of  all 
septa  were  located  over  three  teeth.  The  order  of  frequency  was : 
the  second  molar,  the  first  molar  and  the  second  bicuspid  tooth 
respectively. 

Cryer^  has  been  unable  to  find  complete  septa  in  the  antra,  although 
Morris'^,  Boyne",  W.  Grube  by  Zukerkandl\  and  others  report  finding 
the  maxillary  sinus  thus  divided.  Schaeffer''  believes  when  multiple 
maxillary  sinuses  occur,  they  are  probably  developed  from  two 
primary  pouches  or  extensions  from  the  middle  meatus  of  the  nose. 

In  the  specimens  studied,  one  sinus  was  divided  into  two  distinct 
and  separate  cavities  except  for  a  small  opening  in  the  center  of  the 
septum  about  the  size  of  a  pin  head. 

If  the  septa  on  the  fl(jor  of  the  sinus  are  left  by  the  unequal 
resorption  of  the  floor  about  the  root,  one  should  find  the  root  of  a 
tooth  usually  located  in  the  septum  or  directly  under  it. 

Changes  in  the  Floor  After  Extraction 

From  the  observations  made  one  arrives  at  the  conclusion  that  the 
floor  of  the  maxillary  sinus  is  not  materially  affected  by  the  removal 
of  the  teeth.  It  was  found  that  the  floor  contracts  in  width  and 
length,  and  the  conical  projections  receded.  The  floor  does  not  appear 
to  be  raised  or  lowered,  nor  does  the  partial  septa  always  disappear 
in  edentulous  cases. 

It  appears  that  the  alveolar  process  is  affected  by  tooth  extraction, 
because  apparently  its  chief  purpose  is  to  support  the  teeth.  After 
their  removal  its  function  ceases,  therefore,  the  tendency  is  for 
resorption.  Some  of  the  specimens  showed  only  two  or  three  milli- 
meters of  tissue  remaindiug  of  what  was  formerly  the  alveolar  ridge. 
This  resorption  went  on  apparently  without  changing  the  position  or 
contour  of  the  floor  of  the  sinus. 

Alveolar  Route  of  Entry  Into  Sinus 

Exploring  the  antrum  by  the  alveolar  route,  there  was  found  to  be 
on  the  average  10.3  millimeters  of  bone  between  the  floor  of  the  sinus 
and  the  alveolar  crest  in  the  cases  that  have  teeth  in  the  molar 
region.  In  the  edentulous  about  8  millimeters  of  bone  is  encountered.. 
The  extremes  are  quite  variable.  In  the  full  denture  group  the 
thickest  was  19  millimeters,  the  thinnest  3  millimeters.  Compared 
to  the  edentalous  group  the  thickest  was  21  millimeters  and  the 
thinnest  was  2  millimeters.  The  deductions  are  that  the  alveolar 
route  of  entry  into  the  maxillary  sinus  is  not  desirable,  because  of 
the  variations  in  thickness  of  the  alveolar  process.  Other  reasons 
are  the  irregularities  on  the  floor,  and  the  increased  probability  of 
mixing  oral  flora  with  that  of  the  nose  alreadv  found  in  the  sinus. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  167 

Relationship  of  the  Canine  Fossa  to  Maxillary  Sinus 

A  depressed  canine  fossa  which  seems  to  approximate  the  lateral 
\Yall  of  the  nose  may  be  deceptive.  It  has  been  found  in  such  cases 
the  sinus  may  extend  forward  in  a  tongue-like  extension  under  the 
canine  fossa,  or,  perhaps  it  may  stop  abruptly  just  distal  to  the 
fossa.  To  enter  the  maxillary  sinus  through  the  canine  fossa,  the 
antero-buceal  surface  of  the  zygomatic  prominence  is  tlie  preferable 
ix)int  of  entry.  The  opening  should  be  made  high  enough  to  aA'oid 
injury  to  the  superior  dental  plexus  of  nerves  and  the  apices  of  the 
teeth.  This  point  is  below  and  distal  to  the  infra-orbital  foramen. 
No  injury  would  result  to  the  vessels  and  nerves  emerging  tlierefrom. 
Entrance  gained  here  would  expose  the  sinus  in  a  most  advantageous 
position  since  the  cavity  is  wider,  and  is  nearer  the  center.  This 
position  would  give  visibility  and  access  to  most  of  the  septa  and 
iwckets  located  on  the  floor  of  the  sinus. 

A  fairly  safe  rule  to  follow  is  that  when  the  canine  fo.ssa  and  the 
lateral  wall  of  the  nose  are  closely  approximated,  the  cuspid  and 
bicuspid  teeth  do'  not  bear  a  direct  relation  to  the  maxillary  sinus. 
In  such  cases  a  broach  puslied  through  the  teeth  may  penetrate  into 
the  canine  fossa  or  the  lateral  wall  of  the  nose.  An  attempted  open- 
ing into  the  sinus  from  the  canine  fossa  would  usually  result  in  an 
opening  into  the  nose. 

Drainage  of  Sinus 

For  deixjndent  drainage  of  the  sinus  the  customary  naso-antral 
window  is  not  always  sufficient.  For  this  method  to  work  satis- 
factorily the  floor  of  the  sinus  must  be  on  a  level  equal  to  or  above 
that  of  the  inferior  meatus  of  the  nose.  Blum"  says  "the  lowest  part 
of  the  sinus  is  usually  on  the  same  level  as  the  nasal  floor."  A. 
Logan  Turner"  says,  "after  the  extraction  of  the  permanent  teeth 
the  floor  of  the  sinus  occupies  a  lower  level  than  that  of  the  nasal 
floor."  Chevalier  Jackson'*  made  the  statement,  "the  usual  point 
of  entrance  from  the  inferior  nasal  fossa  is  an  imiwrtant  factor 
when  dependent  drainage  is  considered  because  generally  the  floor 
of  the  sinus  is  caudal  to  that  of  the  nose,  and  often  half  of  the 
extent  of  the  sinus  is  below  that  of  the  inferior  meatus." 

J.  Parsons  Shaeffer''  believes,  "the  relation  of  the  floor  of  the 
sinus  to  that  of  the  nose  depends  largely  upon  the  degree  of  hollow- 
ing out  of  the  alveolar  process."  Boyne"  observed  that  the  floor  of 
the  sinus  was  below  that  of  the  nose  in  93  per  cent  of  his  forty-three 
specimens.  In  the  specimens  studied  the  sinus  was  below  that  of 
the  nose  in  seventy-nine  of  the  cases. 

Other  Observations  and  Conclusions 

The  tuberosity  of  the  alveolar  process  was  usually  the  mo.st  porous 
part  of  the  alveolar  border.  It  usually  could  be  punctured  with 
little  difficulty  by  a  sharp  instrument.  This  process  was  found  to  be 
supiKjrted  by  the  pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone  in  fifty-three 
per  cent  of  the  specimens.  The  porosity  and  lack  of  support  ex- 
plains why  the  tuberosity  is  often  fractured  during  the  extraction 
of  the  maxillary  third  molar. 


168  BuUetin  North   Carolina  Denial  Society 

Only  three  uuerupted  teeth  were  located  in  the  tuberosity.  They 
were  third  molars.  In  eac-h  instance  their  roots  were  projected  into 
the  floor  of  the  sinus  as  conical  projections ;  one  to  the  extent  of  10 
millimeters.  The  removal  of  these  teeth  would  have  exi>osed  the 
sinus  cavity  or  left  only  a  thin  membrane  separating  the  socket  from 
the  sinus. 

The  Cowper  method  of  entering  the  antrum  by  the  extraction  of  a 
tooth  and  through  its  socket  is  somewhat  obsolete.  WE  MUST  NOT 
FORGET  THAT  THE  ANTRUM  IS  OFTEN  ACCIDENTALLY 
EXPOSED  BY  EXTRACTION  OF  TEETH  IN  ITS  VICINITY. 
THIS  IS  ESPECIALLY  TRUE  OF  THE  SECOND  MOLAR.  THIS 
TOOTH,  AS  A  RULE,  IS  IN  A  CLOSER  RELATIONSHIP  TO  THE 
SINUS  THAN  OTHER  TEETH. 

It  is  possible  for  the  whole  cortical  plate  of  bone  over  this  tooth 
to  come  out  in  its  extraction.  In  fact,  this  happens  in  many  instances, 
because  the  intervening  bone  over  the  bifurcation  of  the  fangs  is 
sometimes  paper  thin  and  fractures  easily.  Unless  pathology  is  pres- 
ent, sucli  an  accident  is  usually  of  no  consequence.  The  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  sinus  would  not  often  be  punctured,  unless  careless 
probing  or  needless  curretment  was  indulged  in. 

In  the  extraction  of  the  teeth  that  are  well  up  in  the  walls  of  the 
sinus,  extreme  care  is  necessary  in  case  of  root  brealiage.  It  is  pos- 
sible to  force  the  root  fragment  up  between  the  muco-periosteum  and 
the  sinus  wall,  or  even  into  the  sinus.  If  the  floor  is  covered  by 
pockets  or  deep  depressions,  the  root  could  become  lost  and  require  a 
radical  oi^eration  for  its  removal. 

Teeth  occupying  such  intimate  relations  to  the  floor  of  the  sinus 
would  require  special  care  and  consideration  in  the  treatment  of  their 
pathology  and  repair.  The  roentgenogram  gives  us  more  information 
relative  to  the  anatomy  adjacent  to  the  maxillary  sinus  than  perhaps 
any  other  clinical  method  of  study.  One  cannot  interpret  what  is 
written  on  a  film  unless  we  know  normal  anatomy,  its  variations  and 
liow  the  normal  changes  with  disease. 

From  the  anatomical  facts  as  found  and  presented,  is  it  not  sur- 
prising that  maxillary  sinusitis  may  be  of  dental  origin  in  many 
cases?  Of  the  one  hundred  sinuses  examined,  fifty  were  diseased. 
Twelve  were  positively  identified  as  being  in  direct  continuity  with 
tooth  patliology. 

In  conclusion,  since  the  maxilla  is  built  about  the  maxillary  sinus, 
a  better  knowledge  of  the  relations  of  this  sinus,  and  its  floor  will 
enable  one  to  understand  the  surgery  of  the  maxilla  and  its  alveolar 
border.  This  includes  the  extraction  of  the  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw, 
neuralgia  and  foci  of  infection.  This  is  especially  true  of  diseases 
originating  in  the  teeth  ov  alveolar  border  but  involving  the  sinus. 
Correct  anatomical  knowledge  of  this  cavity  is  of  vital  importance 
for  proper  interpretation  of  roentgenograms. 

Bibliography 

'Zukerkandl,  E.  Normale  Und  Pathologische  Antomie  Der  Nasen- 
hole.    1.  Band.  1893  (Wien  Und  Leipzig). 

^Schaeffer,  J.  Parsons.  The  Sinus  Maxillaris  in  Man.  Amer.  Jnl. 
Anat.  Vol.  10,  p.  313-368. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  169 

''Cryer,  M.  H.  Internal  Anatomy  of  the  Face.  1016.  (Lea  &  Fei- 
bijier. ) 

^Skilleni.  R.  H.  Accessory  Sinuses  of  the  Nose.  1!)20.  (J.  B. 
Lippincott. ) 

■^Morris'  Human  Anatomy  by  Jackson,  6th  Ed.  1921.   (Blaekstone.) 

"Underwood,  A.  S.  Some  recent  Researches  on  the  Anatomical  and 
Pathological  Conditions  of  the  Maxillary  Sinus  in  Relation  to  the 
Teeth.    Jnl.  Laryg.  Nov.  190S,  p.  260. 

■Shea.  J.  J.  Influence  of  Periodontal  Infection  on  the  Nasal  Sinus. 
Jnl.  A.  D.  A..  Feb.  1932,  p.  251-255. 

^Jackson,  Chevalier  and  Geo.  Coates.  The  Nose.  Throat.  Ear  and 
Their  Sinuses.    1921.    (W.  B.  Saunders.) 

'Boyne,  Hatty  N.  A  Study  of  Forty-Three  Maxillary  Sinuses.  North- 
western University  Dental  School  Master  Thesis.  1924. 

"Blum,  Theodore.  The  Oral  Surgeons  Position  in  Diseases  of  the 
Maxillary  Sinus.    Dental  Outlook,  April,  1931. 

"Turner,  A.  Logan.  Diseases  of  the  Nose,  Throat,  and  Ear.  2nd 
Ed.,  1927.     (Wm.  Wood  &  Co.) 

"Blair,  V.  P.    Surgery  and  Diseases  of  the  Mouth  and  Jaws.    1917. 

Dr.  Mustian  shovped  slides  which  well  illustrated  his  lecture 
and  brought  more  forcibly  to  mind  the  complexities  and  van- 
abilities  of  these  parts. 

President  Jackson: 

I  wish  to  thank  you  Dr.  Mustian  for  your  splendid  paper  as 
you  have  presented  it. 

There  was  an  announcement  concerning  the  meeting  of  the 
House  of  Delegates. 

I  have  just  been  reminded  of  the  fact  that  we  have  not  for- 
mally recommended  to  Governor  Ehringhaus  that  Dr.  J.  JST. 
Johnson  should  be  reappointed  on  the  State  Board  of  Health. 
Is  there  a  motion  or  resolution  or  something  that  will  place  him 
in  proper  line  for  this  reappointment  ? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

In  view  of  the  changes  that  have  taken  place  before  the 
North  Carolina  Board  of  Health  and  in  vicAv  of  the  appropria- 
tion for  health  work  being  cut  down  to  almost  nothing,  I  think 
that  it  would  be  an  injustice  for  dentistry  to  recommend  any- 
body at  all  except  Dr.  Johnson  to  succeed  himself  on  the  State 
Board  of  Health.  I  have  been  to  see  the  Governor  three  times 
and  carried  endorsements  from  practically  every  district  in  the 
State,  and  carried  the  official  endorsement  of  the  officers  to  the 
Governor.  While  we  have  every  reasonable  assurance  to  believe 
that  the  Governor  will  reappoint  him,  he  has  not  committed 


170  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

himself.  These  endorsements  of  Dr.  Johnson  have  all  gone  in, 
but  it  seems  that  the  appointment  is  still  open,  and  I  know  it 
will  be  the  pleasure  of  this  Society  to  give  the  unanimous  en- 
dorsement to  Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson  to  succeed  himself.  Therefore, 
I  move  that  the  Secretary  be  instructed  to  write  the  Governor 
and  tell  him  that  it  is  the  unanimous  hope  of  this  Society  that 
he  will  reappoint  Dr.  J.  jN^.  Johnson  to  succeed  himself. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Hoivle,  Raleigh: 
I  second  the  motion. 

President  Jachson: 

Is  there  any  discussion?  (Pause.)  We  will  vote  on  the 
motion. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Martin  Fleming  for  Avhat  he  has  done  on 
behalf  of  Dr.  Johnson.  I  assure  you  tliat  the  Society  appre- 
ciates it. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  Avould  like  to  have  that  sent  to  the  Governor  at  once. 

President  Jacl'son: 

Is  there  anything  else  to  come  before  the  general  session  ? 
(Pause.)    If  not,  I  declare  the  general  session  adjourned. 

At  12  :25  o'clock,  p.m.,  the  general  session  adjourned. 


THIED  DAY— THUESDAY,  JUNE   8,   1933 

Meeting  of  House  of  Delegates 

The  House  of  Delegates  was  called  to  order  at  12  :25  o'clock 
p.m.,  Thursday,  June  8,  1933,  by  President  Wilbert  Jackson. 

President  JacJcson: 

The  House  of  Delegates  will  come  to  order.    What  is  your 
pleasure  ? 


Confaining  the  Proceedings  171 

Dr.  J.  H.  Wheeler,  Greemhoro: 

The  Committee  on  the  President's  Address  has  the  folloAving 
to  report.  I  Avas  still  under  the  impression  that  the  report 
should  be  made  at  the  general  session,  but  I  hope  von  will  accept 
it  as  a  special  message  to  the  House  of  Delegates. 

REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON  THE  PRESIDENTS 
ADDRESS 

The  fine  message  of  our  President  reflects  the  same  spirit  that 
he  has  manifested  through  the  two  years  as  President-Elect  and 
President.  He  has  given  unstintingly  of  his  time  and  thought  for  the 
advancement  of  dentistry.  He  has  presided  with  fairness  and  cour- 
tesy to  all  and  has  opened  and  closed  the  sessions  on  time.  We 
heartily  commend  his  message  for  your  careful  perusal  and  for  your 
study. 

Your  committee  referred  recommendations  one  and  two  to  the 
Resolutions  Committee  for  submission  to  the  House  of  Delegates. 
These  were  passed.  We  also  advocate  the  adoption  of  recommenda- 
tions three,  four,  and  five. 

J.  H.  Wheeler,  Chairman, 
Wallace  F.  Mustian, 
Oscar    Hooks. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  report.    What  will  you  do  Avith  it  ? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming,  Raleigh: 
I  move  that  the  report  be  adopted. 
The  motion  was  seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 

Dr.  C.  E.  Minges,  Ro'cky  Mount: 

I  have  a  resolution  I  would  like  to  read. 

"By  the  untiring  efforts  of  Dr.  Branch,  North  Carolina  stands  out 
as  foremost  in  the  nation  in  Oral  Health  Work.  This  committee 
wishes  to  commend  Dr.  E.  A.  Branch  for  the  efficiency  of  the  Oral 
Health  Department  and  the  incomparable  health  program  fostered 
by  him. 

"Listening  to  the  fine  paper  read  before  the  Society  by  Dr.  Cama- 
lier,  President  of  the  National  Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  outlining 
tentative  Dental  Education  for  the  information  of  the  public;  we 
respectfully  submit  the  following  resolution : 

"That  all  public  dental  education  be  released  through  a  properly 
constituted  state  health  organization,  viz. :  The  Dental  Division  of 
the  State  Board  of  Health." 


172  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

President  Jachson: 

You  have  heard  the  report  of  the  Resolutions  Committee. 
What  will  you  do  with  it? 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie,  Raleigh: 

I  move  that  it  be  adopted. 

The  motion  was  seconded  by  Dr.  ISTeal  Sheffield  and  unan- 
imously carried. 

President  Jaclson  : 
Is  there  another  one? 

Dr.  C.  E.  Minges: 

That  is  all  except  the  one  about  Dr.  J.  IST.  Johnson,  and  that 
has  already  been  taken  care  of. 

President  Jachson: 

Any  other  committee  to  report? 

Dr.  V.  E.  Bell,  Raleigh: 

Your  State  Institutions  Committee  respectfully  submits  tlie  fol- 
lowing report : 

So  far  as  we  can  ascertain,  the  dental  work  is  being  taken  care 
of  in  the  following  institutions : 

State  Hospital  (Raleigh),  State  Prison,  State  Sanatorium,  School 
for  the  Blind,  Orthopedic  Hospital,  Caswell  Training  School,  State 
Hospital  (Goldsboro),  Samarcand,  Jackson  Training  School,  State 
Farm  Colony. 

The  following  institutions  do  not  have  adequate  dental  service : 

State  Hospital   (Morganton),  School  for  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

The  committee  would  like  to  recommend  that  the  services  of  a 
dentist  be  secured  to  take  care  of  the  work  in  these  two  institutions 
in  Morganton. 

Victor  E.  Bell,  Chainnait. 
J.  R.  Edwards, 
Oscar  Hooks, 

J.    L.    ASHBY, 

'  John  R.  Phair. 

President  JacJcson: 

You  have  heard  the  report,  what  will  you  do  with  it? 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

I  move  that  the  report  be  adopted. 

The  motion  was  seconded  by  Dr.  C.  I.  Miller  and  unan- 
imously carried. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  173 

President  Jackson: 

Are  there  any  other  reports. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley,  Greensboro: 

The  report  of  the  committee  composed  of  the  secretaries  of 
the  districts  to  recommend  a  change  in  the  By-Laws  for  back 
dues  has  been  handed  to  Dr.  Pridgen. 

"Members  who  liave  been  dropped  from  the  list  shall  be  reinstated 
with  the  payment  of  the  current  year's  dues  and  a  penalty  of  five 
dollars  ($5.00).  The  five  dollars  ($5.00)  to  be  divided:  three  dollars 
($3.00)  to  the  State  Secretary,  and  two  dollars  ($2.00)  to  the  District 
Secretary ;  and  that  this  shall  be  in  effect  for  a  period  of  one  year, 
beginning  January  1,  1934,  and  ending  January  1,  1935,  unless  the 
Executive  Committee  sees  fit  to  make  it  permanent." 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

"We,  the  secretaries  of  the  District  Societies  in  JSTorth  Caro- 
lina, recommend  the  following  members  in  arrears  in  excess  of 
one  year  be  allowed  to  pay  the  current  dues  and  a  five  dollar 
penalty  for  reinstatement." 

Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley: 

I  have  another  resolution,  but  I  understand  Dr.  Pridgen  has 
the  same  thing. 

President  Jackson : 

You  have  heard  the  recommendations  of  the  secretaries  of 
the  various  districts,  what  will  you  do  with  it? 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson,  Goldsboro: 

It  seems  like  that  rather  burdens  the  Society  with  an  in- 
debtedness to  the  ISTational. 

President  Jackson : 

Pardon  me,  Dr.  Johnson,  but  the  idea  was  to  get  them  rein- 
stated in  the  State  Society.  If  they  should  pay  the  twelve  dol- 
lars back  dues,  the  National  does  not  get  any  of  that  twelve 
dollars.  It  only  gets  the  dues  as  of  today.  That  is  my  under- 
standing, and  that  was  our  understanding.  I  do  not  know  why 
they  recommended  five  dollars  to  the  district   and  State. 

Gentlemen,  you  have  the  recommendation.  What  is  your 
pleasure  ? 


174  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson: 

I  move  that  it  be  adopted. 

President  Jachson: 

Is  it  necessary  that  there  be  a  change  in  the  Constitution  and 
By-Laws  to  do  this? 

Dr.  N.  Sheffield,  Greenshoro : 

I  would  like  to  ask  when  this  would  go  into  effect. 

President  Jachson: 

January  1,  1934,  as  I  understand  it.  Would  it  be  necessary 
to  change  the   Constitution  and  By-Laws? 

Dr.  N.  Sheffield: 

I  would  say  it  Avould. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley: 

"We  discussed  that,  and  understand  that  the  Constitution  and 
By-Laws  will  not  have  to  be  changed. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

You  appointed  me  on  a  committee  to  catalogue  the  changes 
made  in  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws  since  1928,  and  in  look- 
ing over  those  changes,  reading  page  by  page  each  year,  I  find 
somewhere  in  there  we  have  voted  that  a  resolution  introduced 
would,  if  adopted,  become  a  part  of  the  Constitution.  In  that 
paper  I  handed  in  I  state  on  what  page  and  what  year  you  will 
find  any  motion  was  passed  and  my  idea  is  that  we  keep  all 
those  things  in  form,  and  when  we  rewrite  the  Constitution 
we  will  put  it  in.  It  looks  like  things  are  developing  so  rapidly 
that  we  will  have  to  rewrite  the  Constitution  about  every  six 
to  ten  years.  We  are  almost  to  the  place  now  where  we  Avill 
have  to  rewrite  it  to  keep  things  straight.  Have  I  made  myself 
clear. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton,  Winston-Salem: 
Is  that  expressing  a  time  limit  ? 

Dr.  J.  Mar-tin  Fleming: 

]^o.    I  don't  know  that  I  understand  your  question. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  175 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton  : 

I  haven't  asked  a  question.  This  resolution  renders  some  o£ 
our  Constitution  and  By-Laws  not  in  effect.  I  just  want  to  know 
if  there  is  a  time  limit  on  that  resolution. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

It  will  remain  in  force  until  we  take  other  action,  as  I  under- 
stand it. 

Dr.  Paul  Fitzgerald,  Greenville: 

As  a  member  of  this  committee,  I  did  not  concur  in  the  reso- 
lution. I  have  always  been  governed  by  the  majority,  but  this 
morning  I  would  like  to  voice  a  minority  report.  I  have  been 
quite  a  stickler  for  the  status  quo.  I  think  that  the  penalty  is 
not  too  great.  I  want  to  give  you  one  or  two  reasons  if  you 
will  bear  with  me  a  moment.  I  have  been  Secretary  probably 
longer  than  some  of  you  men  who  act  as  a  District  Secretary.  I 
have  found  those  men  who  drop  out  of  the  Dental  Society  do 
not  do  it  primarily  or  very  often  for  financial  reasons.  I  have 
found  in  my  experience  that  they  have  developed  some  contacts 
which  pull  them  away  and  they  gradually  drop  out.  I  grant 
that  those  men  need  the  Society  and  that  the  Society  needs  those 
men.  I  don't  think  we  are  going  to  get  very  many  men  in  by 
reducing  the  penalty  to  five  dollars.  I  think  the  most  men  we  get 
in  for  a  year  will  probably  drop  out  again,  and  I  think,  gentle- 
men, we  should  put  a  premium  on  membership  in  the  North 
Carolina  Dental  Society. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  official  minority  report  of  Dr.  Fitzgerald. 
Are  you  ready  for  the  question  ?  We  will  consider  the  minority 
report  first. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

It  seems  we  ought  to  have  some  more  discussion  of  this 
proposition.  This  is  really  a  major  change  in  the  rules  and 
regulations  we  have  been  abiding  by.  Personally,  I  differ  with 
Dr.  Paul  Fitzgerald,  though  neighbors  and  the  best  of  friends, 
but  there  is  too  large  a  barrier  between  membership  in  the 
ISTorth  Carolina  Dental  Society  and  some  fellows  we  are  always 
fussing  with  ourselves  about  not  having  among  us  and  if  we 
can  lower  the  barrier  and  bring  in  some  of  these  fellows  Avithout 


176  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

hurting  our  pride  and  integrity,  I  think  it  should  be  done,  but  I 
certainly  do  not  think  we  should  decide  this  question  right  off 
the  bat  Mathout  some  deliberation.  I  think  we  ought  to  have 
more  discussion.  Personally,  I  think  that  the  five-dollar  figure 
is  probably  the  right  figure  to  place  it  at.  I  am  in  favor  of  the 
majority  report. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie,  Raleigh: 

I  feel  like  Dr.  Phin  Horton's  suggestion  is  very  good.  I  think 
the  majority  report  should  be  adopted  on  this  resolution  and  we 
add  that  we  should  try  it  this  year  and  see  if  the  results  are 
satisfactory. 

President  Jackson: 

Dr.  Lasley,  would  the  committee  add  that  to  the  majority 
report. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley,  Greensboro: 

Personally,  this  was  more  or  less  in  line  Avith  the  membership 
drive  now  on  with  the  ISTational  Dental  Association.  That  is 
what  prompted  us  to  think  about  this.  I  believe  that  the  plan 
would  be  of  benefit  in  my  district.  I  do  not  know  about  the 
situation  in  Dr.  Pitzgerald's  district.  His  friends  may  be  more 
prosperous  than  they  are  in  my  district.  I  am  continually  hear- 
ing that  the  penalty  is  too  high.  That  is  what  prompted  us  to 
draw  up  this  resolution.  As  for  myself,  I  would  be  glad  to  in- 
clude Dr.  Howie's  suggestion  in  the  resolution. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton,  Winston-Salem: 

This  is  a  question  of  finances,  pure  and  simple.  The  fellows 
up  our  way  are  not  making  much,  and  that  is  the  excuse  they 
give  us  for  not  coming  back  in  the  Society.  I  second  Dr. 
Howie's  suggestion  that  it  run  for  one  year. 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford,  Charlotte: 

In  Charlotte  we  have  a  bunch  of  young  men  who  have  been 
suspended,  and  they  all  say  they  would  like  to  come  back  into 
the  Society,  but  that  the  penalty  of  twelve  dollars  is  too  much. 
I  believe  if  we  reduce  the  penalty  to  five  dollars,  we  will  be  able 
to  get  those  fellows  back  in.  I  think  Dr.  Howie's  plan  is  a 
mighty  good  one.    It  suits  me  if  it  suits  the  other  secretaries. 


Coniaining  the  Proceedings  111 

Dr.  J.  E.  L.  Thomas,  Tarhoro: 

I  would  like  to  make  an  observation.  Paul  Jones  Avas  Presi- 
dent one  year,  and  lie  put  on  a  membership  campaign  and  we 
never  had  any  trouble  in  getting  members.  The  majority  of 
those  members  dropped  out.  They  will  begin  to  drop  out  again 
when  the  dues  again  become  due.  I  am  fully  convinced  that 
money  has  nothing  to  do  with  it.  I  don't  believe  it  has  a  thing 
to  do  with  it,  so  far  as  individual  dentists  are  concerned.  If 
you  make  it  for  one  year  and  it  does  not  become  effective  until 
January  1  of  next  year,  and  runs  to  January  1,  1935,  after 
you  have  the  State  meeting,  what  are  you  going  to  do  then  ? 

President  Jachson: 

Take  it  up  at  the  next  State  meeting. 
Is  there  any  further  discussion  ? 

Dr.  X.  Shejfleld,  Greensboro: 

1  feel  this  way.  If  there  is  anything  Ma-ong  with  the  dues, 
that  they  should  have  been  changed  for  the  entire  membership. 
That  cannot  be  done  without  changing  the  Constitution  and 
By-Laws.  I  do  not  feel  that  reducing  the  penalty  to  five  dollars 
will  make  any  great  difference.  I  believe  that  the  man  who  is 
out  is  more  or  less  out  by  his  own  choice,  and  I  have  in  mind 
several  men  who  claim  that  they  haven't  got  the  twenty-four 
dollars.  If  you  will  look  around  you,  you  will  find  that  they 
belong  to  the  Country  Club  and  two  or  three  dance  clubs,  and  go 
out  and  spend  a  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  for  other  things,  but 
still  they  cannot  afford  membership  in  the  State  Society.  I 
think   it   is   nine-tenths   indifference. 

Dr.  C.  I.  Miller,  Albemarle: 

I  am  bound  to  concur  with  Dr.  Neal  Sheffield.  In  our  own 
locality  I  see  that.  Men  are  on  the  border  line  and  they  have 
time  to  take  off  two  to  three  weeks  in  the  summer  in  the  moun- 
tains or  on  a  fishing  trip,  and  belong  to  the  Country  Club  and 
play  golf  two  to  three  days  a  week,  and  I  do  not  believe  it  will 
help  things  much  by  letting  the  bars  down. 

President  Jackson: 

Any  further  discussion.  (Pause.)  We  will  vote  on  the  amend- 
ment limiting  it  to  one  year  first.  Do  you  care  to  incorporate 
that  in  your  report? 


178  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley: 
We  accept  that. 

President  Jaclson: 

The  question  is  the  adoption  of  the  minority  report.  Those 
in  favor  say  "Aye,"  those  opposed  "No."  Please  stand  and 
be  counted  by  the  Secretary.    Those  in  favor.    Those  opposed. 

I  declare  the  minority  report  lost. 

Those  in  favor  of  adopting  the  resolution  with  the  amend- 
m.ent  that  it  shall  only  be  effective  from  January  1,  1934,  to 
January  1,  1935,  say  "Aye." 

I  declare  the  resolution  adopted.   Is  there  any  other  report  ? 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford,  Charlotte: 

REPORT   OF  PUBLICITY   COMMITTEE 

The  Publicity  Committee  wislies  to  submit  the  following  report : 

Beginning  in  October,  1932,  fourteen  dispatches  went  over  the 
Associated  Press  and  the  United  Press.  Beginning  about  two  months 
prior  to  the  meeting  twenty-nine  articles  were  released  through  the 
University  News  Bureau.  This  service  covered  45  morning  and  after- 
noon newspapers  throughout  the  State,  also  the  three  press  associa- 
tions. 

One  three  column  cut  carrying  eleven  photographs  of  the  officers 
and  speakers  from  the  State  was  used  Sunday,  June  4th.  One  three 
column  cut  carrying  six  photographs  of  out-of-state  speakers  was 
used  last  week.  One  one  column  cut  of  principal  officers  was  used 
each  day  during  the  meeting. 

The  committee  wishes  to  express  their  sincere  appreciation  to  Mr. 
R.   W.   Maddry,    the   University   News   Bureau,    the  Associated   and 
United    Press    and    the    newspapers    throughout    the    State    for    co- 
operating with  us  in  this  publicty  movement. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

F.  O.  Alfokd,  Chairman. 

President  JacA'son: 

You  have  heard  the  report.    What  will  you  do  with  it  ? 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmviile: 

I  move  we  adopt  it. 

The  motion  was  seconded  by  Dr.  C.  I.  Miller  and  unan- 
imously carried. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  179 

Dr.  E.  A.  Branch.  Raleigh: 

REPORT  OF  THE  ORAL  HYGIENE  COMMITTEE 

Lectures  ou  mouth  health  have  been  delivered  in  every  section  of 
the  State  to  approximately  250,000  people  by  the  Division  of  Oral 
Hygiene  of  the  State  Board  of  Health. 

E.  A.  Bkanch,  Chairmuii. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  report  what  will  you  do  with  it? 

Dr.  X.  Sheffield,  Greensboro : 

I  move  that  we  adopt  it. 

The  motion  was  seconded  by  Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming  and  unan- 
imously carried. 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

I  have  the  report  of  the  Ethics  Committee. 

REPORT  OF  THE  ETHICS  COMMITTEE 

Your  Ethics  Committee  has  been  prepared  during  the  year  to 
hear  any  cases  involving  the  question  of  Ethics  on  the  part  of  any 
member  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society.  To  this  date  no 
charges  of  a  violation  of  the  Code  of  Ethics  have  been  tiled  with 
this  committee. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

H.  L.  Keith,  Chairman. 
J.  C.  Watkins, 
J.  C.  Whitehead. 

President  Jackson: 

What  Avill  you  do  with  the  report? 

Dr.  P.  E.  Hart  on,  Winston'Salem: 

I  move  that  the  report  be  adopted. 

The  motion  was  seconded  by  Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley  and  unan- 
imously carried. 

Secretary  Pridgen : 

I  have  here  the  list  of  members  who  should  be  suspended  for 
nonpayment  of  the  year's  dues. 


180 


Bulletin  North   Carolina  Dental  Socteti/ 


Your  Seeretary-Treasurei-  wishes  to  report  that  the  followins: 
members  were  one  year  in  arrears  on  January  1,  19oo,  and  are 
therefore  to  be  suspended : 


First  District 


Dr.  J.  F.  Campbell 
Dr.  W.  K.  Chapman 
Dr.  A.  P.  Cline 
Dr.  W.  E.  Furr 
Dr.  J.  L.  Geer 
Dr.  I.  K.  Grimes 
Dr.  B.  F.  Hall 
Dr.  O.  H.  Hester 


Dr.  H.  W.  .Jordan 
Dr.  W.   J.  Miller 
Dr.  Matt  McKrayer 
Dr.  W.  P.  MeCiuire 
Dr.  H.   S.   Plaster 
Dr.  H.  L.  Robertson 
Dr.   L.  E.  Wall 
Dr.  .].  E.  Whisnant 


Dr.  F.  R.  Wilkins 


Second  District 


Dr  Geo.  S.  Alexander 
Dr.  C.  A.  Blackburn 
Dr.  R.  C.  Flowers 
Dr.  R.  A.  Frye 
Dr.  H.  C.  Herring 
Dr.  W.  C.  Houston 
Dr.  C.  C.  Keiger 
Dr.  O.  B.  Kirbv 


Dr.  (J.  L.  Kreuger 
Dr.  Rosebud  Morse 
Dr.  H.  R.  Pearman 
Dr.  ,T.   R.    Secrest 
Dr.  R.  R.  Shoaf 
Dr.  B.  C.  Taylor 
Dr.  L.  A.  Taylor 
Dr.  H.  B.  Sapps 


Dr.  J.  W.  Zimmerman 


Dr.  Geo.  G.  Herr 
Dr.  J.  G.  Hickerson 
Dr.  O.  W.  Holloway 


Third  District 


Dr.  G.  G.  Scott 
Dr.  C.  N.   Stone 
Dr.  D.  A.  Walters 


Fourth  District 
Dr.  W.  G.  Nimocks 


Dr.  .John  I.  Gale 


Fifth  District 

Dr.  M.  D.  Bissett 
Dr.  R.  S.  Turlington 


It  has  ))een  customary  for  several  years  to  permit  the  Secretary- 
Treasurers  to  make  a  final  effort  to  collect  these  delinquent  dues 
before  the  members  are  othcially  suspended.  An  extension  of  thirty 
days  is  therefore  requested  for  this  purpose. 

Your  Secretary-Treasurer  wishes  to  report  that  the  following  mem- 
bers were  entitled  to  Life  Membership  on  January  1,  1933,  by  virtue 
of  having  paid  annual  dues  for  twenty-tive   consecutive  years : 

Dr.  A.  S.  Cromartie,  Fayetteville. 
Dr.  J.  H.  Dreher,  Wilmington. 


D.  L.  Pridgen,  Sccretarif-Trcasurcr. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  •  181 

I  would  like  to  ask  that  we  be  given  thirty  days  in  Avhich  to 
see  if  we  cannot  get  some  of  these  fellows  to  pay. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  move  that  thirty  days  be  allowed. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett,  Asheville: 

I  understand  that  Dr.  Burrus  has  been  transferred  to  the 
Second  District.    Second  or  Third? 

Dr.  S.  L.  Bohlitt,  Raleigh: 

Third.   He  paid  from  the  Third  District. 


Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley: 

He  paid  one  year's  dues  yesterday. 


Dr.E.B.  Howie: 

Dr.  P.  L.  Pearson  of  the  Fourth  District  has  retired  from 
active  practice.    I  move  we  put  him  on  the  inactive  list. 

The  motion  Avas  seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jackson: 

Dr.  Pearson  will  be  placed  on  the  retired  list. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Farmville: 

I  notice  that  Dr.  Bland  is  listed  in  the  Third  District.  He  is 
at  this  time  in  the  Fifth  District.  He  is  in  attendance  and  his 
dues  are  paid. 

President  JacJcson: 

The  question  is  the  passage  of  Dr.  Martin  Fleming's  motion 
to  allow  thirty  days  time  to  Secretary  Pridgen. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

xVre  there  any  other  reports? 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford,  Charlotte: 

Dr.  J,  S.  Hoffman  of  Charlotte  was  in  good  standing  at  the 
time  he  gave  up  practice.  I  did  not  get  a  chance  to  bring  that 
up  yesterday.  I  would  like  to  make  a  motion  that  Dr.  Hoffman 
be  put  on  the  inactive  list. 


182  -  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

Were  his  dues  paid  up  when  he  quit? 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford: 
Yes. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

Dr.  J.  P.  Jones,  Chapel  Hill: 

I  would  like  to  make  the  report  of  the  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee. 

REPORT  OF  THE  ENTERTAINMENT  COMMITTEE 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Durham-Orange  Society  iu  January  it  was 
decided  to  give  a  barbecue  to  the  Society  as  a  whole,  to  be  paid 
for  entirely  by  the  members  of  this  unit.  This  has  been  carried  out 
iu  detail  through  the  Entertainment  Committee,  being  scheduled  at 
six  o'clock  at  University  Lake,  on  Tuesday,  June  6. 

For  Wednesday  morning  the  committee  planned  trips  about  the 
campus  and  gardens  of  Chapel  Hill  for  the  ladies.  This  was  arranged 
through  the  cooperation  of  the  Chapel  Hill  Garden  Club  under  the 
directions  of  Miss  Josie  Pritchard  and  Mrs.  Grumman  to  whom  we 
wish  to  express  our  thanks.  We  also  desire  to  express  our  apprecia- 
tion to  the  members  of  the  Durham-Orange  Society  for  furnishing 
automobiles  with  drivers  to  carry  the  ladies  on  this  trip. 

Wednesday  afternoon  we  planned  a  tea  under  the  supervision  of 
Mrs.  Frank  Graham  and  the  ladies  of  the  Durham-Orange  Society 
to  take  place  at  the  President's  Home.  We  wish  to  express  our  ap- 
preciation to  Mrs.  Frank  Graham,  Mrs.  J.  P.  Jones,  Mrs.  R.  R.  Clark, 
and  the  other  ladies  for  their  cooperation  and  work  in  making  this 
part  of  the  entertainment  possible. 

Wednesday  evening  at  6:30  we  planned  the  annual  banquet  at 
Swain  Hall,  with  a  delightful  meal  and  excellent  entertainment.  We 
wish  to  extend  our  thanks  to  the  following  for  their  hearty  coopera- 
tion in  helping  to  make  this  occasion  successful :  R.  B.  House,  Toast- 
master,  Mrs.  Wettach  of  Chapel  Hill  for  singing,  O.  F.  Richardson 
for  leading  group  singing.  Dr.  J.  S.  Hooker  for  piano  accompaniment, 
Patterson  Sisters  of  Chapel  Hill  for  singing  and  dance  numbers- 
all  at  no  expense  to  the  Society.  We  engaged  the  Carrboro  String 
Band  and  Lamar  Stringfield  Trio  at  a  nominal  sum  for  music  for  this 
entertainment. 

Wednesday  evening  at  10:00  p.m.  we  planned  the  annual  dance 
to  take  place  at  the  Carolina  Inn  with  music  being  furnished  by 
Jelly  Leftwich  and  his  orchestra.  Favors  for  the  ladies  have  been 
obtained   for   this   occasion.    The   dance   is   to   be  given   as   compli- 


Containing  the  Proceedings  183 

mentary  to  those  purchasing  banquet  tickets — to  others  there  is  a 
charge  of  50  cents  to  help  in  part  defray  expenses. 

Thursday  morning  at  10:30  we  have  planned  talkies  at  the  Caro- 
lina Theatre  through  the  very  generous  offer  of  the  manager,  E.  C. 
amith,  to  whom  we  wish  to  express  our  great  appreciation.  This 
invitation  was  extended  by  Mr.  Smith  to  the  ladies  and  Society 
as  a  whole — at  no  expense  to  the  Society.  The  picture  was  a  first 
class  one,  entitled  "I  Love  That  Man"  starring  Nancy  Carroll  and 
Edmund  Lowe. 

I  wish  to  report  also  work  in  regards  to  the  special  issue  of  the 
Chapel  Hill  Weekly  paper  that  was  sent  to  each  member  of  the 
Society  in  the  State.  This  will  also  probably  be  reported  under  the 
Publicity  Committee.  Acting  under  Drs.  Alford  and  Jackson  I  was 
allowed  an  expense  of  $5.00  towards  paying  for  postage  for  such  a 
project.  Consulting  Mr.  Graves,  the  editor,  he  agreed  to  do  this 
provided  I  could  sell  enough  advertising  to  justify  his  entering  into 
such  a  scheme,  whereuix»n  I  sold  the  specified  amount  and  he  put 
out  this  partial  special  issue  to  every  dentist  in  the  State.  This 
paper  was  mailed  on  Thursday  night  June  2,  and  should  have  reached 
every  man  in  the  State  by  Saturday.  I  wish  to  express  to  the  fol- 
lowing concerns  in  Chapel  Hill,  appreciation  for  helping  to  make  this 
project  possible :  MacMillan  Motor  Company,  University  Service  Sta- 
tion, Strowd  Motor  Company,  Johnsou-Prevost  Dry  Cleaners,  Caro- 
lina Smoke  Shop,  and  University  Barber  Shop,  also  to  Mr.  Maddry  of 
the  Publicity  Department  of  the  University. 

J.  P.  Jones,  Chairman. 

President  Jackson: 

Yon  have  heard  the  report.   What  Avill  you  do  with  it  ? 

Br.  P.  E.  Jones,  FarmviUe: 

I  move  that  it  be  accepted. 

The  uiotion  was  seconded  by  Dr.  F.  O.  Alford  and  luian- 
imously  carried. 

Dr.  J.  P.  Jones: 

I  would  like  to  give  this  expense  incurred  by  the  Entertain- 
ment Committee.  To  date  we  have  paid  telephone,  $4.00 ;  print- 
ing, $7.25;  the  tea,  $15.00;.  orchestra,  $75.00;  Carolina  Inn  for 
the  dance,  $10.00;  string  band,  $4.00;  mailing  papers,  $5.00; 
a  bill  of  $6.00;  incidentals,  $12.00.  I  do  not  remember  the 
number  of  tickets  we  sold  to  the  banquet,  but  the  total  expense 
of  the  banquet,  including  everything  is  $319.90. 

Dr.  J .  Martin  Fleming: 

I  was  rather  struck  with  the  report  Dr.  Pridgen  made  of  the 
members  who  were  entitled  to  become  life  members  by  reason 


184  Bulletin  North  Carolma  Dental  Society 

of  twenty-five  consecutive  years  payment.  In  tlie  last  few  years, 
there  have  been  some  names  in  there  that  did  not  belong  there. 
I  would  like  to  make  a  motion  that  the  Secretary  investigate  all 
those  names  on  the  twenty-five  year  plan  and  see  if  they  all 
belong  there. 

Dr:  J.  S.  Betts,  Greensboro: 

I  would  like  to  second  the  motion. 

President  Jaclson : 

Is  there  any  discussion? 

Secretary  Pridgen: 

I  would  like  to  say  that  some  of  you  who  have  served  in  this 
office  realize  that  is  a  rather  big  task.  I  am  willing  to  do  it. 
I  will  state  that  somie  of  the  records  in  the  years  gone  by  were 
run  so  it  is  practically  impossible  to  tell  what  they  mean.  I  will 
try  it,  however. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

Br.  Z.  L.  Edwards,  Washington: 

I  have  the  report  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

The  first  meeting'  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  held  at  Eliza- 
beth City  before  the  adjourument  of  our  1932  Convention.  At  this 
time  a  tentative  date  for  the  1933  Convention  was  set  and  Dr.  Fred 
Hale  was  reelected  to  succeed  himself  as  Editor-Publisher.  The 
date  set  at  first  was  not  satisfactoiy  but  was  the  best  tliat  could 
be  secured  at  that  time  due  to  the  necessity  of  waiting  until  Summer 
School  at  the  University  closed.  Your  President,  Dr.  Jackson,  real- 
izing that  a  date  in  July  or  August  would  not  be  as  desirable  a  time 
to  hold  our  Convention  as  would  be  a  date  early  in  June,  made  a 
special  trip  to  Chapel  Hill  to  request  the  University  authorities 
to  give  us  a  date  immediately  following  commencement  and  before 
the  opening  of  the  summer  school  session.  To  this  request  the 
University  officials  readily  responded  with  a  willingness  and  spirit 
of  cooperation  that  impressed  us  with  their  desire  to  serve  our  every 
convenience. 

The  next  meeting  was  held  jointly  with  the  Program  Committee 
at  the  Carolina  Hotel,  Raleigh,  N.  C.  At  this  time  the  finances  and 
program  for  our  1933  Convention  were  discussed  and  a  tentative 
budget  was  adopted.  It  was  the  consensus  of  opinion  of  the  members 
of  these  committees  that  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  being 
more  or  less  a  service  organization,  should  continue  to  serve  its 
members  by  giving  them  the  benefit  of  their  dues  in  arranging  the 


Containing  the  Proceedings  185 

best  program  possible  with  the  amouut  of  funds  available.    This  we 
feel  has  been  done. 

We  desire  to  commend  the  able  and  constructive  leadership  of  our 
President,  Dr.  Wilbert  Jackson,  during  the  past  j^ear.  He  has  not 
only  shown  his  ability  to  serve  but  has  demonstrated  many  times 
his  desire  and  willingness  to  render  unselfish  service. 

Our  Secretary,  Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen,  deserves  commendation  for  the 
able  manner  in  which  he  has  performed  the  duties  of  his  office.  He 
has  shown  both  initiative  and  efficiency. 

The  office  of  Editor-Publisher  is  one  of  the  most  important  offices 
in  the  society,  and  to  i^erform  its  duties  with  efficiency  requires  the 
ability,  tact  and  diplomacy  of  a  man  that  makes  his  selection  not 
an  easy  task.  Your  committee  desires  to  express  its  sincere  appre- 
ciation to  the  present  incumbent.  Dr.  Fred  Hale,  of  Raleigh,  for  the 
efficiency  with  which  he  has  served  the  Society  in  publishing  its 
proceedings  and  editing  the  Bulletin. 

Time  does  not  permit  our  mentioning  the  names  of  every  man 
who  has  served  so  ably  his  Society  this  year,  but  we  do  desire  to 
make  special  mention  of  the  good  work  of  the  Chairman  of  the 
Legislative  Committee,  Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming.  He  was  the  guardian 
angel  of  our  legislative  activities  and  being  ever  alert  kept  the 
members  of  his  committee  informed  and  was  ready  to  call  them  into 
session  whenever  circumstances  required  it. 

The  General  Arrangements  and  Entertainment  Committee  have 
provided  as  nearly  as  possible  for  our  every  comfort  and  convenience. 
The  University  authorities  have  cooperated  with  us  to  the  fullest 
extent,  and  the  citizens  of  Chapel  Hill  have  at  all  times  been 
most  cordial  and  hospitable. 

Our  Publicity  Chairman,  Dr.  F.  O.  Alford,  of  Charlotte,  through  his 
untiring  efforts  ■  and  the  cooperation  of  the  Press  have  given  this 
meeting  splendid  publicity. 

We,  your  committee,  commend  the  efforts  of  these  and  the  services 
of  each  and  every  one  who  have  contributed  to  the  success  of  this 
meeting  for  your  consideration. 

Signed 

Z.  L.  Edwards,  Chairman. 
W.  F.  Clayton, 
K.  M.  Olive. 

President  Jaclson  : 

You  have  heard  the  report  of  the  Executive  Committee.  What 
will  you  do  with  it  ? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  move  that  it  be  accepted. 

The  motion  was  seconded  by  Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  and  unan- 
imously carried. 

Dr.  J.  S.  Betts,  Greensboro: 

I  have  the  report  of  the  Clinic  Board  of  Censors. 


186  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

The  Clinic  Board  of  Censors  begs  leave  to  reixjrt  that  the  clinics 
presented  at  this  meeting  were  gratifyingly  numerous,  as  well  as 
meritorious  to  a  very  high  degree. 

We  are  exceedingly  delighted  to  have  again  had  with  us  a  group 
of  clinicians  from  our  sister  State  to  the  North  of  us.  They  brought 
to  us,  as  usual,  clinics  from  which  we  gained  many  valuable  points 
to  aid  us  in  giving  better  health  service  to  the  public. 

The  clinics  brought  us  by  Doctors  Rickert,  Dement,  and  Sheffield 
were  most  interesting,  instructive,  and  were  witnessed  by  large 
numbers. 

Especially  well  did  our  own  clinicians  meet  the  opportunity  and 
demands  of  the  occasion.  Your  committee  approves  of  the  action 
of  your  President  and  his  associates  in  selecting  suitable  and  capable 
clinicians  from  our  membership  to  appear  on  the  A.  D.  A.  program 
at  the  Chicago  meeting.  The  reason  these  selections  and  appoint- 
ments were  so  made  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the  Program  Committee 
of  the  A.  D.  A.  pressed  for  the  names  of  the  clinicians  in  order  to 
include  them  in  the  printed  programs  about  to  go  to  press. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

J.  S.  Betts, 
J.  W.  Whitehead, 
A.  Pitt  Beam, 
A.  D.  Barber, 
J.  M.  Holland, 
H.  E.  Nixox. 

President  Jaclson: 

You  have  heard  the  report.   What  will  you  do  with  it. 

Dr.  A.  Pitt  Beam,  Shelby: 

I  move  that  the  report  be  accepted. 

Dr.  D.  E.  McConnell,  Gastonia: 
I  second  the  motion. 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jachson: 

Are  there  any  other  reports? 

Dr.  Z.  L.  Edwards,  Washington: 

This  is  not  a  report,  but  I  would  like  to  call  to  your  atten- 
tion the  resolution  which  we  adopted  a  few  minutes  ago  in 
deciding  the  time.  I  believe  the  time  was  set  to  begin  January, 
1934,  and  run  to  January,  1935.  Do  you  realize  if  you  set 
it  beginning  then  and  running  twelve  months,  you  are  having 
an  interval  of  six  months  before  any  official  body  ^N\\\  meet 


Containing  the  Proceedings  .        187 

to  take  action  to  say  whether  or  not  it  has  been  a  success  or 
failure,  i^ow,  in  order  to  be  exact  about  that,  don't  you  think 
we  should  do  something  about  that  time  ? 

Dr.  G.  L.  Hooper,  Erivin: 

We  decided  that  we  would  put  it  at  a  distinct  date,  so  that 
there  would  be  no  come  back  against  us.  Between  January  and 
the  next  meeting,  we  can  find  out  just  what  is  going  on. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Howie: 

Men  cannot  be  taken  back  until  the  meeting  of  the  District 
Society,  and  that  would  apply  on  next  year.  We  will  know 
by  the  time  of  the  next  State  meeting  Avhether  or  not  it  is  a 
success. 

President  Jackson: 

Dr.  Edwards,  don't  you  think  Dr.  Howie's  explanation  satis- 
factory. 

Dr.  Z.  L.  Edwards: 
Yes,  sir. 

President  Jackson: 

Are  there  any  other  reports. 

Dr.  E.B.Howie: 

I  had  intended  making  a  report  on  behalf  of  the  State  Board 
of  Dental  Examiners  and  I  had  intended  making  that  report 
a  A^ery  full  report  of  the  actions  of  the  Board  in  regards  to  the 
recent  hearing  of  Dr.  J.  E.  Owens,  because  I  felt  like  it  would 
be  of  considerable  interest  to  the  dentists  of  the  State.  In  view 
of  the  fact  that  the  hearing  of  Dr.  Owen's  case  was  only  com- 
pleted last  Tuesday,  and  I  have  not  been  able  to  get  up  that 
full  report,  I  would  like  to  be  able  to  write  the  report  up  and 
mail  it  to  the  Secretary  later. 

Preside nt  Jackso n : 

Without  objection  that  will  be  done. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

I  move  that  Dr.  Howie  be  granted  that  privilege. 
The  motion  was  seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 


188  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  BOARD  OF 
DENTAL  EXAMINERS 

The  following  is  the  report  of  the  transactions  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  to  the  Governor  as  of  Janu- 
ary 1,  1933: 

"To  His  Excellency,  J.  C.  B.  Ehkinghaus, 
Governor  of  North  Carolina, 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 
Dear  Sir  : 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Dental  Law,  I  beg  leave 
to  hand  you,  herewith,  a  report  of  the  proceedings  of  the  North 
Carolina  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  for  the  year  1932  A.  D. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Board  was  held  in  Elizabeth  City  at  the 
Virginia  Dare  Hotel,  on  Tuesday,  May  third,  all  members  being 
present.  There  being  no  business,  the  Board  adjourned  until  the 
annual  meeting  at  Raleigh. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  at 
Elizabeth  City,  Dr.  C.  E.  Minges  of  Rocky  Mount  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Board  to  succeed  Dr.  W.  T.  Martin  of  Raleigh  and 
Dr.  H.  C.  Carr  of  Durham  to  succeed  Dr.  J.  S.  Betts  of  Greensboro. 
These  new  members  were  duly  commissioned  by  Governor  O.  Max 
Gardner. 

The  fifty-second  annual  meeting  of  the  Board  for  the  purpose 
of  examining  applicants  for  license  to  practice  dentistry  in  this 
State,  was  held  in  Raleigh  on  June  27,  28,  29  and  30,  1932,  all  mem- 
bers being  present,  President  J.  S.  Betts,  presiding. 

Thirty-one  applicants  having  complied  with  the  requirements  of 
the  Board  were  declared  qualified  and  were  permitted  to  take  the 
examinations.  Written  examinations  were  held  in  the  State  Capitol 
Building ;  the  clinical  work  at  the  State  Prison.  We  desire  especially 
to  acknowledge  the  many  courtesies  extended  to  us  by  the  prison 
authorities,  by  reason  of  which  the  efficiency  of  the  examinations 
was  greatly  enhanced. 

At  the  regular  business  meeting,  the  Secretary's  reiwrt  to  the 
Governor  as  of  January  1,  1932,  was  read  and  accepted.  The 
minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and  approved. 

It  was  voted  that  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  for  the  purpose 
of  tabulating  the  grades  be  held  at  the  King  Cotton  Hotel  in  Greens- 
boro at  6  :30  o'clock  p.m.  Saturday,  July  16th. 

The  Secretary  reported  the  following  indictments : 

(1)  Dr.  W.  O.  McGill  of  Asheville  who  paid  the  required  applica- 
tion of  twenty  dollars  ($20.00)  when  faced  wdth  a  warrant  for 
arrest. 

(2)  Dr.  R.  D.  Mahood  of  Henderson  who  left  the  State  to  prevent 
service  of  warrant  for  arrest. 

(3)  Mr.  Harold  Foster  who  was  prosecuted  for  practicing  den- 
tistry in  the  ofiice  of  Dr.  J.  E.  Owen  of  Asheville  without  license. 
Mr.  Foster  was  convicted  in  city  court  and  fined  twenty-five  dollars 


Containing  the  Proceedings  189 

($25.00)  aud  costs.  He  api^ealed  to  the  Superior  Court,  bond  being 
fixed  at  two  hundred  dollars  ($200.00). 

(4)  Dr.  M.  R.  Waddill  of  Fair  Bluff,  who  is  described  hy  our  at- 
torney as  being  very  old,  claims  to  have  been  practicing  prior  to 
1879.  In  view,  therefore,  of  the  fact  that  his  practice,  at  present, 
is  very  limited  and  that  the  date  of  his  beginning  practice  could  not 
be  definitely  determined,  our  attorney  deemed  it  unwise  to  proceed 
further,  especially  since  Dr.  W.  A.  Taylor  of  North  Wilkesboro,  who 
initiated  the  action  against  Dr.  Waddill  concurs. 

Dr.  John  A.  McClung  was  elected  President ;  Dr.  E.  B.  Howie, 
Secretary-Treasurer. 

In  July  the  Superior  Court  upheld  the  verdict  of  the  Asheville 
City  Court,  in  regard  to  Mr.  Harold  Foster.  Appeal  was  made  to 
the  North  Carolina  Supreme  Court,  but  the  appeal  was  not  com- 
pleted. The  fine  and  the  costs  were  thereupon  paid  by  the  bondsman. 
Dr.  J.  E.  Owen. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Board  was  held  at  the  King  Cotton  Hotel 
in  Greensboro  at  7  :00  o'clock  p.m.  Saturday,  July  16,  1932.  At  this 
meeting  results  of  the  recent  examinations  were  tabulated  and  it 
was  found  that  the  following  applicants  for  dental  license,  having 
made  grades  of  SO  or  more  had  passed  and  were,  thereupon,  issued 
license  to  practice  dentistry  except  Dr.  C.  R.  Graves  whose  license 
was  issued  later  upon  presentation  of  his  diploma : 

Agoos,  Bernard  S Thomasou,  Ga. 

Atwood,  Theodore,  W Durham,  N.  C. 

Banks,  Paul  C.  (Col.) Burlington,  N.  C. 

Bowling,  William  W Durham,  N.  C. 

Brooks,   Herman  L Monroe,  N.  C. 

Butler,  Hubert  E Athens,  Ga. 

Cook,  Demiis   S Lenoir,  N.  C. 

DeHart,  Velner  L Floyd,  Va. 

Denton,  Ernest  C Whitakers,  N.  C. 

Eure,  Darden  J Eure,  N.  C. 

Ewers,  James  B.    (Col.) New  York,  N.  Y. 

Froneberger,  H.  D Bessemer  City,  N.  C. 

Graves,  C.  R.  (Col.) Elizabeth  City,  N.  C. 

Haines,  Harold  B Altoona,  Pa. 

Heartwell,  Chas.  M.,  Jr Lawrenceville,  Va. 

Kendrick,  Vaideu  B Charlotte,  N.  C. 

Kendrick,  Zebulon  V Charlotte,  N.  C. 

Long,  T.  E Roxboro,  N.  C. 

Miller,  W.  L.  T.  (Col.) Greensboro,  N.  C. 

Nichols,  George  C Sylva,  N.  C. 

Parker,  William  E Suffolk,  Va. 

Pringle,  James  M Lawsonville,  N.  C. 

Shepard,  Robert  P Southern  Pines,  N.  C. 

Turner,  Joseph  H Chase  City,  Va. 

Wells,  Samuel  P.,  Jr Holly  Hill,  S.  C. 

Whittington,  P.  B.,  Jr Greensboro,  N.  C. 


190  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

The  followiug  failed : 

Baynes,  Phillip  S Roxboro,  N.  C. 

Boykiii,  A.  E.  (Col.) Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Crotts,  H.  K Wiuston-Saleiu,  N.  C. 

Mumford,  Bruton  L Kiuston,  N.  C. 

Wariuer,  Wm.  H.,  Jr Ruffin,  N.  C. 

After  disposing  of  minor  routine  matters,  the  Board  adjourned  at 
10  :00  o'clock  p.m. 

Attached  hereto  is  the  financial  statement  from  January  1,  1932,  to 
January  1,  1933,  as  compiled  by  the  Secretary-Treasurer,  Dr.  E.  B. 
Howie  and  audited  by  R.  C.  Carter  and  Company,  Certified  Public 
Accountants,  of  Raleigh,  N.  C,  showing  a  balance  in  the  Wachovia 
Bank  and  Trust  Company  of  Raleigh,  of  two  hundred,  fourteen  dol- 
lars and  fifty-three  cents  ($214.53). 

Attention  is  called  to  the  receipt  of  a  dividend  of  seventy-three  dol- 
lars and  twenty-three  cents  ($73.23)  paid  by  the  closed  Commercial 
National  Bank  of  Raleigh,  leaving  a  balance  due  of  two  hundred, 
ninety-two  dollars  and  ninety-four  cents  ($292.94).  It  is  expected 
that  a  part  of  this  may  be  recovered." 

NORTH   CAROLINA   STATE   BOARD   OF  DENTAL  EXAMINERS 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina 

Cash  Receipts  and  Disbursements 

From  January  1,  1932,  to  December  31,  1932 

Balance  January  1,  1932 $    360.17 

Receipts 

Licenses  833  @  $  1.00  $    833.00 

Examination  Fees  31  @  20.00             620.00 

Penalties  13  @  5.00               65.00 

Reinstatement  5  55.00 

Certificates  3  @  5.00                15.00       1,588.00 

Total  $1,954.17 

Disbursements 
Per  Diem  and  E-riJOises: 

Betts,  Dr.  J.  S $58.88 

Biveus,  Dr.  S.  B 74.53 

Howie,  Dr.  E.  B 66.63 

Martin,  Dr.  W.  T 60.43 

McClung,  Dr.  J.  A 74.-33 

McConnell,  Dr.  D.  E 73.78     $    408.58 

Salaries,  Secretary  and  Assistant $  200.00 

Postage.  Stationery,  Printing,  etc 371.11 

Examination  Expense  206.79 

Attorney's  Fees  164.00 


Containing  the  Proceedings  191 

Audit  !f  25.00 

National  Association  Dues  25.00 

Travel  24.70 

Luncheons   15.00 

Bad  Checks— Not  Redeemed 6.00 

Taxes  on  Checks  .52     $1,446.70 

Balance: 

Commercial   National  Bank    (Closed)    $  292.94 

Wachovia  Bank  and  Trust  Company  214.53     $    507.47 


Pursuant  to  accusations  against  Dr.  J.  E.  Owen  of  Asheville  by 
the  dentists  of  the  First  District,  the  Board  on  Tuesday,  June  6th, 
revoked  the  license  of  Dr.  Owen.  Appeal  has  been  made  to  the 
Superior  Court.  Space  permitting  a  full  report  of  this  case  will  be 
published  in  a  future  Bulletin. 

EespectfuUy  submitted, 

E.  B.  HowLE,  Secrefai-ij-Treasurer. 

President  Jackson: 

Is  there  anything  else  to  come  before  the  House  o£  Delegates? 

Dr.  Paul  Fitzgerald,  Greenville: 

I  would  like  to  ask  for  a  ruling  from  the  Chair.  Two  years 
ago  the  subject  came  up  relative  to  life  members  and  the  four 
dollars  fee.  I  brought  before  the  members  of  our  Executive 
Committee  of  the  district  and  Ave  decided  that  a  life  member, 
whether  he  paid  the  four  dollars  or  not,  should  be  accorded  the 
privileges  of  the  State  meeting.  I  wanted  that  question  settled 
because  down  in  our  district  I  have  a  man  who  does  not  wish 
to  take  the  Journal  and  does  not  wish  to  pay  the  four  dollars. 
We  still  bring  him  into  our  State  meeting  and  extend  him  all 
the  courtesies.  What  can  he  do  to  avoid  paying  the  money  over 
to  the  Fifth  District.  They  are  good  dentists,  and  I  want  to 
know  Avhat  to  do  about  this. 

President  Jackson: 

I  am  not  making  a  ruling,  but  giving  you  an  opinion  of  my 
own.  I  think  they  should  be  accorded  the  privileges  of  the 
State  meeting.  If  they  do  not  want  the  Journal ,  and  yet  they 
are  interested  in  the  profession,  and  have  paid  twenty-five  years, 
I  think  they  are  still  members  of  the  State  Society  and  are 
members  of  the  component  District  Societies. 


192  Bulletin  North   Carolina  Dental  Society 

Dr.  Paul  Fitzgerald: 

Just  another  point  on  that.  When  these  men  do  not  pay  their 
American  dues,  we  have  no  membership  card.  That  pocket 
card  gives  them  admission  to  the  District,  State,  and  xVmerican 
Society  meetings.    We  are  often  held  up  for  that. 

President  Jackson: 

I  think  the  Secretary  of  the  district  should  issue  a  receipt 
and  pass.  I  Avill  hold,  as  President  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society  that  when  a  dentist  has  paid  twenty-five  consecutive 
years  and  becomes  a  life  member,  that  due  to  the  fact  he  does 
not  want  to  pay  four  dollars  to  the  American  the  rest  of  his 
life,  does  not  bar  him  from  active  membership  in  the  J^ortli 
Carolina  Dental  Society.  If  I  am  wrong,  I  stand  open  for 
correction. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

That  is  right,  but  I  think  you  will  have  to  have  a  resolution 
changing  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws. 

President  Jachson: 

I  don't  think  so.  Such  a  member  is  exempt  from  dues  witb 
this  exception  of  the  four  dollars  to  the  Aemrican  Dental  Asso- 
ciation. I  do  not  think  you  can  shut  him  out  of  here  because 
he  does  not  pay  that  four  dollars. 

There  is  one  other  thing  I  want  to  incorporate  in  this  mat- 
ter :  Some  districts  are  charging  their  life  members  two  dollars 
dues.  I  think  if  they  are  entitled  to  life  membership  without 
dues,  and  I  think  they  are  due  a  refund.  If  they  just  want  to 
give  the  two  dollars,  of  course  there  is  no  law  against  it. 

Is  there  any  other  report? 

Dr.  S.  R.  Horton,  Raleigh: 

As  the  usual  thing  the  men  were  picked  for  the  clinics.  There 
has  been  much  interest  manifested  in  the  clinics,  and  we  are 
grateful  to  the  clinicians. 

President  Jackson: 

You  have  heard  the  report  of  Dr.  Horton's  committee.  "What 
will  you  do  with  it? 

It  was  moved,  seconded,  and  unanimously  carried  that  the 
report  be  accepted. 


Confaining  the  Proceedings  193 

President  Jaclson: 

The  report  is  adopted.  Is  there  anything  else  to  come  before 
the  House  of  Delegates. 

Dr.  F.  0.  Alford,  Charlotte: 

Did  we  decide  what  to  do  about  the  offer  Dr.  jSTorthington 
made  us  in  his  talk  the  other  day?  We  should  take  some  action 
on  that. 

President  Jaclson: 

Thank  you,  Dr.  Alford.  We  were  about  to  get  by  that.  I  am 
not  rushing,  but  we  have  got  to  get  away  from  here.  What  will 
you  do  with  the  proposition  as  submitted  to  the  Society  by  Dr. 
Xorthington  ?  Action  was  deferred  until  this  meeting  of  the 
House  of  Delegates.   I  await  your  discussion. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Hoivle,  Raleigh: 

We  went  into  something  like  that  on  one  occasion.  We  turned 
matters  over  to  somebody  and  it  turned  out  very  unsatisfactory. 
With  a  membership  of  approximately  four  hundred,  we  w^ould 
have  to  pay  to  this  organization  like  it  is,  a  right  good  amount 
of  money.  We  would  have  to  turn  over  to  them  approximately 
one  thousand  dollars.  Let's  leave  it  up  to  them  to  print  their 
papers.  We  could  not  print  our  proceedings,  and  would  have  to 
pay  them  a  thousand  dollars  also.  I  move  that  we  decline  the 
proposition. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones,  Fannville: 
I  second  the  motion. 

riseident  Jaclson: 

Xs  there  further  discussion? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 
Question ! 
The  motion  was  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jaclsoyi: 

Is  there  anything  else  to  come  before  the  House  of  Delegates? 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones: 

Yesterday  we  deferred  until  today  our  decision  as  to  Avhat 
interpretation  we  would  put  on  the  plan  of  reorganization  of  the 


194  BuUetin  North  Carolina  Dental  Socictij 

American  Dental  Association.  I  believe  the  plan  was  Ave  were 
to  carry  the  new  men  for  a  year  and  a  half  from  the  time  they 
took  the  Board.  My  understanding  of  the  plan  was  we  had 
to  pay  the  American  for  the  next  year's  dues.  We  deferred  that 
until  today. 

President  Jaclvson: 

We  adopted  the  resolution  Avith  that  plan  not  clear. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones: 

It  was  clear  that  we  give  our  dues  for  a  year  and  a  half.  It 
was  not  clear  in  my  mind  as  to  the  four  dollars.  I  think  it  is 
clear  in  our  minds  what  Ave  are  going  to  do  about  it. 

President  Jackson: 

Dr.  Pridgen  says  it  Avas  left  to  the  Executive  Committee  Avith 
full  poAver  to  act  on  the  matter. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones: 

I  make  a  motion  that  the  House  of  Delegates  go  on  record 
as  opposed  to  paying  the  American  four  dollars  dues  for  our 
men  unless  we  haA'e  to  carry  them.  We  Avill  carry  men  as  long 
as  they  will  and  no  longer. 

Dr.  Paul  Fitzgerald,  Greenville: 

I  suggest  some  report  from  the  Executive  Committee  and  then 
Ave  can  act  on  Dr.  Jones'  motion. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones: 

My  understanding  is  that  we  go  on  record  as  favoring  the 
plan,  but  opposed  to  carrying  the  men  in  the  ISTational. 

President  Jackson : 

Dr.  Jones,  in  the  Indiana  plan  they  must  pay  the  four  dol- 
lars, not  us.    The  student  must  pay  the  four  dollars  and  not  us. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Jones: 

I  don't  like  that  much. 

President  Jackson : 

I  don't  either,  but  Ave  Avent  on  record  leaving  that  up  to  the 
Executive  Committee. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  195 

Dr.  Paul  Fitzgerald: 

What  about  the  districts?  I  know  a  district  cannot  make  anv 
ruling  "which  contradicts  a  ruling'  of  the  State,  and  how  about 
the  district  dues  for  that  year.  I  would  like  to  have  a  ruling 
of  the  Chair  for  the  following  year. 

President  Jackson: 

That  was  my  understanding.  The  districts  would  remit  the 
dues.  Let  me  get  you  clear.  You  want  a  ruling  from  the  Chair 
as  to  whether  to  collect  dues  from  the  men  who  are  reinstated. 

Br.  Paul  Fitzgerald: 

Xo,  sir,  the  new  man.  Does  the  District  Society  collect  dues 
from  the  new  men? 

President  Jackson: 

1^0  dues  are  collected  from  these  men  by  the  State  Society  or 
by  its  component  parts  under  the  Indiana  plan.  That  was  not 
really  the  Indiana  plan.  We  thought  it  up  and  while  we  were 
working  on  it,  they  stole  our  thunder. 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 

What  provision  was  made  for  designating  a  depository  for 
the  funds  of  the  Society.  Was  that  left  to  the  Executive 
Committee  ? 

President  Jackson: 

Yes,  sir,  Dr.  Fleming. 

Perhaps  we  had  better  let  the  record  show  that  the  motion 
was  made,  seconded,  and  carried  to  omit  the  discussion  concern- 
ing the  Charlotte  affair  from  the  proceedings. 

Dr.  J.  8.  Spurgeon,  Hillshoro: 

I  have  here  the  report  of  the  Golf  Committee. 

Chapel  Hill,  N.  C,  June  7,  1933. 
Be  it  Resolved,  by  the  North  Carolina  State  Dental  Society,  that 
we  hereby  express  our  thanks  and  appreciation  for  the  courtesies  ex- 
tended to  the  members  of  our  Association  who  used  the  golf  course 
and  club  house  privileges  in  the  playing  of  our  annual  golf  tourna- 
ment, and  be  it  further 

Resolved,  that  a  copy  of  this  resolution  be  sent  to  Mr.  Hill  by  the 
Secretary. 

Dan  Care,  Chairman. 


196  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

President  Jackson  : 

You  liaA^e  heard  the  report,  Avhat  Avill  you  do  Avith  it  < 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming: 
I  move  its  adoption. 
The  motion  was  seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jaclson: 

The  motion  is  carried.  A  copy  will  be  sent  to  Mr.  Hill  by  the 
Secretary. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Hoivle,  Raleigh: 

Dr.  Presnell  and  Dr.  Hale  appeared  before  the  Medical 
Society  of  North  Carolina  and  presented  splendid  papers,  and 
we  would  like  to  incorporate  them  in  the  proceedings. 

Dr.  C.  I.  Miller,  Albemarle: 
I  second  the  motion. 

President  Jachson : 

It  has  been  moved  that  the  papers  of  Dr.  Presnell  and  Dr. 
Hale  read  before  the  Medical  Society  be  published  in  the  1933 
proceedings. 

The  motion  was  put  and  unanimously  carried. 

President  Jachson: 

Is  there  anything  else  to  come  before  the  House  of  Delegates  I 
(Pause.)    If  not,  I  declare  the  House  of  Delegates  adjourned. 

At  1 :35  o'clock  p.m.,  Thursday,  June  8,  1933,  the  House  of 
Delegates  adjourned. 

NUTRITIONAL  DISTURBANCE  IN  RELATION  TO  DENTAL 

DISEASE 

O.  L.  Pkesxell,  D.D.S.,  Aslieboro,  N.  C. 

In  our  efforts  toward  the  couservatiou  of  health  we  have  come  to 
attach  very  great  importance  to  focal  infections  as  contributing 
factors  to  degenerative  diseases.  With  the  increasing  mass  of  clinical 
evidence  which  has  emphasized  the  removal  of  foci  of  infection,  the 
trend  of  modern  thought  has  often  assumed  the  attitude  that  de- 
generating tissue  in  any  part  of  the  body,  when  found  to  be  infected, 
had  its  principal,  if  not  only  cause  in  the  entry  into  that  tissue  of  bac- 
teria, and  that  with  the  removal  of  the  focus  of  infection  all  con- 


Containing  the  Proceedings  197 

tributiui,'  factors  would  be  eliminated.  The  many  disappointments 
Avliieli  liave  followed  treatment  based  wliolly  upon  tliis  hypothesis 
would  suggest  tliat  there  are  factors,  other  than  bacterial,  of  equal 
or  greater  importance  in  their  contribution  to  tlie  degenerative 
process,  and  whicli  demand  proportionate  consideration. 

It  is  of  great  significance  tliat  quite  universally  new  dental  tissues 
are  deemed  to  be  the  most  common  locations  of  focal  infections  tliat 
are  considered  to  be  causative  of  degenerative  processes.  This  is 
explained  by  the  fact  that  dental  caries  and  periodontal  disease  are 
tlie  most  prevalent  of  all  diseases  among  civilized  people,  that  the 
tissues  of  the  oral  cavity  are  at  all  times  exposed  to  outside  influ- 
ences, and  that  any  break  in  the  continuity  of  these  tissues  opens  an 
avenue  for  the  invasion  of  pathogenic  organisms  into  the  body. 

While  dental  diseases  are  frequently  found  associated  with  other 
degenerative  processes,  and  while  they  undoubtedly  do  contribute 
to  functional  and  organic  disorders,  functional  and  organic  disease 
may  lead  directly  to  tooth  destruction.  Furthermore  in  the  light 
of  our  present  knowledge,  stress  may  be  laid  upon  the  fact  that 
dental  disease  is  a  symptom  of  a  systemic  disturbance,  that  it  is 
but  one  part  of  a  disease  picture  brought  about  by  a  general  func- 
tional upset,  and  that  there  are  other  parts  of  the  picture  which 
are  a  result  of  the  same  disturbance  and  which  together  with  the 
dental  disease  form  a  complete  picture  which  is  itself  indicative  of 
the  primary  cause. 

We  can  no  longer  consider  dental  caries  and  periodontal  disease 
as  being  produced  by  purely  local  factors.  We  must  discard  neglect 
and  lack  of  cleanliness  as  the  primary  cause,  because  we  find  excel- 
lent teeth  in  healthy  mouths  that  have  never  known  a  tooth  brush 
or  the  care  of  a  dentist.  Again  we  see  widespread  caries  and  gingival 
disturbance  in  a  mouth  in  which  prophylactic  measures  are  dili- 
gently employed.  Bacterial  action  cannot  be  considered  the  ])rimary 
factor  because  the  organisms  associated  with  dental  caries  are 
found  abundantly  in  the  mouths  of  both  the  susceptible  and  the 
immune.  While  we  do  not  possess  a  complete  knowledge  of  the 
etiology  of  dental  caries  the  great  amount  of  research  which  has 
been  done  by  a  host  of  workers  indicates  quite  conclusively  that  its 
prevention  or  control  depends  primarily  upon  adequate  nutrition. 

Price,  Davis  and  others  report  an  85-90  per  cent  success  in  the 
control  of  caries,  a  general  physical  improvement,  and  a  marked 
decrease  in  susceptibility  to  minor  infections,  in  large  groups  of 
children,  through  correction  and  reinforcement  of  the  diet.  While 
there  is  not  a  uniformity  of  opinion  among  these  investigators  as 
to  the  stress  which  they  place  upon  any  particular  nutritional  or 
activating  element,  we  cannot  fail  to  be  impressetl  with  the  uni- 
formity of  their  clinical  results.  Some  workers  consider  a  deficiency 
of  the  fat-soluble  vitamins  as  being  the  most  important  factor  in 
the  production  of  caries.  Others  place  the  emphasis  upon  a  vitamin 
C  deficiency.  Still  others  upon  a  mineral  deficiency  alone  or  in 
combination  with  a  deficiency  of  certain  vitamins.  A  comparative 
study  of  their  experimental  and  clinical  data  would  indicate  that 
there  is  no  single  agent  which  ahtne  is  responsible  for  the  degenera- 
tion of  dental  tissues,  rather  that  the  degenerative  processes  are  a 


198  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

result  of  a  constitutional  imbalance  which  is  itself  incited  by  a 
deprivation  of  one  or  more  of  the  agents  required  for  normal  cell 
function,  and  that  bacterial  action  becomes  a  contributing  factor 
only  after  tissue  resistance  has  been  lowered.  This  is  more  readily 
understood  when  we  observe  the  resixnise  of  tissue  cells  to  nutri- 
tional changes. 

First  we  would  consider  the  normal  cell,  created  for  a  specific 
purpose,  dependent  in  its  ability  to  function  normally  upon  being 
nourished  by  a  normal  blood.  In  the  absence  of  the  required  nutri- 
tional and  activating  elements  we  would  not  expect  a  normal  func- 
tioning of  that  cell.  If  the  cell  fails  to  function  normally  degenera- 
tion occurs.  When  foods  have  been  tested  in  living  animals,  it  has 
been  found  that  some  very  delinite  effects  on  the  cells  are  obtained. 
For  example.  Howe  observes  that  a  deficiency  of  vitamin  A  has  a 
pronounced  effect  uix)n  the  odontoblasts,  the  dentin  forming  cells, 
causing  them  to  lay  down  bone  instead  of  dentin.  This  results  in 
a  less  dense  and  less  resistant  calcification  of  the  tooth  structure. 
Another  strikingly  characteristic  change  which  follows  this  deficiency 
of  vitamin  A  is  that  glandular  and  duct  epithelium  in  great  part  of 
the  body  is  replaced  by  a  nonsecretory  type.  Glands  thus  become 
unable  to  perform  their  proper  function,  and,  in  the  case  of  the 
salivary  glands  the  character  of  the  saliva  is  changed.  As  a  normal 
saliva  is  a  prerequisite  in  the  maintenance  of  healthy  oral  tissues, 
any  alteration  in  its  character  ccmtributes  to  a  lowered  resistance 
of  these  parts. 

Another  striking  change  in  the  odontoblasts  occurs  when  animals 
are  fed  on  diets  deficient  in  vitamin  C  In  from  five  to  seven  days 
the  odontoblasts  may  be  seen  to  have  stopped  forming  dentin  and  the 
dental  pulp  to  have  shrunken  away  from  the  formed  dentin.  In  a 
few  more  days  the  dentin  begins  to  be  resorbed  or  liquefied.  The 
rapidity  with  which  these  cells  resume  activity  after  receiving  a 
supply  of  vitamin  C  is  remarkable,  for  upon  the  administration  of 
orange  juice  new  dentin  formation  begins  within  twenty-four  hours. 
AVhat  really  happens  is  that  during  a  deficiency  of  vitamin  C  the 
cells  in  the  connective  tissues  of  the  body  cease  to  form  intercellular 
substance.  The  early  degeneration  of  the  formative  cell.s  will  make 
structural  defects  occurring  during  this  period  permanent.  Further 
than  this  a  hyi>eremia  may  be  induced  by  the  deficiency  or  by  the 
degenerative  process.  Animal  experimentation  and  clinical  observa- 
tion have  shown  that  the  blood  supply  of  the  pulp  is  a  prime  factor 
in  dental  calcification  or  decalcification.  Cahn  makes  this  state- 
ment :  "Produce  a  definite  hyperemia  of  the  pulp  and  the  dentin 
and    enamel   undergo    decalcification." 

Scurvy  is  definitely  associated  with  a  vitamin  C  deficiency.  While 
a  true  case  of  scurvy  is  rarely  encountered  these  days,  it  is  easy  to 
believe  that  a  latent,  unrecognized  scorbutic  condition  is  very  preva- 
lent. Inflammatory  conditions  of  the  gums  ranging  from  a  mild 
gingivitis  to  advanced  pyorrhea  are  to  be  found  in  the  mouths  of 
a  majority  of  the  people  of  today.  Excepting  those  cases  of  traumatic 
origin  these  can  safely  be  considered  as  manifestations  of  a  mild 
type  of  scurvy.    The  infection  and  pus   in  pyorrhea   are   secondary 


Containing  the  Proceedings  199 

factors  whicli  eutor  the  picture  only  after  the  primary  degenerative 
process  has  begun. 

Not  only  for  the  building  and  repair  of  calcified  structures,  but 
for  the  maintenance  of  normal  defense  against  dental  and  systemic 
disease,  an  adequate  supply  of  calcium  and  phosphorus  are  necessary 
in  the  blood  stream.  Sherman  states  that  the  average  American 
diet  is  deficieut  in  these  minerals.  Furthermore  the  actual  inges- 
tion of  an  adequate  amount  does  not  guarantee  its  normal  utiliza- 
tion. Calcium  in  particular  demands  a  mildly  acid  condition  t)f  the 
intestine  for  its  absorption.  Vitamin  D  has  been  found  to  be  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  mineral  assimilation  and  fixation.  Since  a  mini- 
mum amount  of  minerals  are  necessary  for  our  daily  metabolic 
processes  in  healtli,  and  an  increased  amount  in  disease,  if  the 
required  quantities  are  not  supplied  from  the  foods,  whether  from 
a  lack  of  calcium  and  phosphorus  in  the  foods  or  a  lack  of  activa- 
tors to  make  them  available,  a  draft  will  be  made  upon  the  storage 
in  the  bones  and  teeth.  This  condition  constitutes  an  important 
factor  in  the  development  of  dental  and  systemic  disease,  both  by 
disturbing  organ  function  and  by  lessening  the  body's  capacity  to 
fight  infection. 

It  is  well  known  that  poorly  calcified  teeth  are  associated  with 
rickets.  Hess  states  that  in  eiglity  per  cent  of  all  cases  of  rickets 
there  is  a  high  blood  calcium  and  a  low  blood  phosphorus.  Hawkins 
and  others  find  that  in  active  caries  the  same  blood  picture  is  found. 
In  systemic  pyorrhea,  however,  the  calcium-phosphorus  balance  of 
the  blood  is  the  reverse  of  tliat  found  in  caries,  that  is,  a  low 
calcium  and  a  high  phosphorus.  Price  finds  a  correlation  between 
the  mineral  balances  of  the  blood  and  of  the  saliva.  That  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  normal  mineral  ratio  of  the  blood  is  followed  by  a 
normal  mineral  ratio  of  the  saliva.  As  the  resistance  to  dental 
disease  is  governed  largely  by  the  protective  influence  of  the  saliva, 
and  as  the  character  of  the  saliva  reflects  the  character  of  the  blcx)d 
which  is  itself  governed  directly  by  nutrition,  we  have  in  malnutri- 
tion a  disturbance  of  our  most  imix)rtant  defensive  forces. 

It  is  not  my  purpose  to  discuss  in  detail  the  many  phases  of 
nutrition,  rather  that  this  brief  presentation  of  a  few  of  the  patho- 
logic conditions  which  may  result  from  nutritional  deficiencies  alone 
may  serve  to  direct  attention  to  the  tremendous  importance  of  the 
nutritional  factor  in  the  development  of  dental  diseases  and  other 
degenerative  processes. 

Kead  before  the  North  Carolina  Medical  Society.  Raleigh,  N.  C, 
April  in.  1933. 

SOME    PROBLEMS    OF    ETIOLOGY    IN    ORTHODONTIA 

P.y  G.  Fred  Hai.e,  D.U.S.,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Even  the  best  would  feel  embarrassed  by  following  a  man  as 
eminent  in  the  field  of  medicine  as  Dr.  McCrae :  how  must  such  an 
amateur  as  myself  suffer  in  a  like  situation.  I  am  encouraged  by 
the  knowledge  that  one's  efforts,  when  directed  with  sincerity  of 
jmrpuse,  are  tolerated  sympathetically.  Then,  too,  I  am  further  made 
to  feel  more  comfortaljle  I)y  appearing  before  a  body,  among  many 


200  BuUetin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

of  whom  I  have  had  a  most  pleasant  i)rofessional  relati<)ii8hii>  in  a 
problem  of  common  interest. 

Before  we  go  into  the  discussion  of  tlie  etiology  of  malocclusion 
and  irregularities  of  the  teeth,  let  me  make  my  position  clear  by 
saying  that  there  is  much  not  detinitely  known  of  the  etiology  of 
such  deformities.  True,  we  associate  with  it  certain  conditions,  but 
that  is  about  as  far  as  we  have  gotten.  We  have  evidence  to  support 
certain  opinions,  but  absolute  knowledge  is  often  lacking.  We  recog- 
nize the  effect  without  always  knowing  the  cause  and  begin  a  difficult 
treatment  under  a  handicap. 

For  classification  let  us  divide  the  dento-facial  deformities  into 
three  main  divisions : 

First :  Where  the  antero-posterior  relationship  of  the  jaws  are 
correct,  but  there  is  a  narrowing  of  the  arches  and  crowding  of  the 
anterior  teeth. 

Second :  Where  there  is  a  posterior  relation  of  the  lower  jaw  to 
the  upper  and  a  protrusion  of  the  upper  anterior  teeth. 

Third :  Where  there  is  an  anterior  relationship  of  the  lower  jaw 
to  the  upper,  thereby  producing  prognatism. 

If  there  are  those  of  you  who  entertain  the  idea  that  all  dento- 
facial  deformities  are  the  result  of  purely  local  causes,  will  you 
please  permit  me  to  undertake  to  relieve  your  mind  of  such  an 
attitude?  There  are  certain  types  of  malocclusion  which  we  believe 
to  be  the  result  of  pernicious  habits  and  other  local  influences,  but 
these  are  only  a  part  of  the  picture — such  causes  will  fail  to  be  of 
much  concern  to  you,  but  the  broader  etiological  factors  will  court 
your  interest  and  stir  your  imagination. 

We  believe,  from  the  light  of  recent  research  problems  and  long 
clinical  ol)servation,  that  etiology  of  malocclusion  and  irregularities 
of  the  teeth  must  be  solved  along  broad  biological  lines.  Quoting  from 
H.  S.  Jennings  "The  development  of  an  individual  is  brought  about 
by  the  interaction  of  a  great  number  of  separable  substances,  existing 
as  minute  particles,  their  interaction  with  each  other,  with  other 
parts  of  the  cell  and  with  material  taken  from  the  outside.  Some- 
thing is  known  of  the  result  of  altering  only  a  single  one  of  the 
thousand  different  substances  present  in  the  original  cell  and  by 
altering  several  or  many.  Some  combinations  of  them  give  imperfect 
individuals,  feeble-minded,  deformed,  monstrous ;  other  give  normal 
individuals ;  other  superior  individuals ;  there  are  combinations  giv- 
ing every  intermediate  types."  Unless  our  concept  is  broad  enough 
to  grasp  the  siguiflciince  of  this  statement,  we  will  continue  to  look 
upon  the  mouth  as  a  part  separate  and  distinct  from  the  whole, 
and  subject  to  different  laws  of  growth  and  demanding  different 
ideals  of  treatment.  Whatever  is  done  in  the  mouth,  whether  surgery, 
restorations  or  orthopedic  correction  of  dento-facial  deformities,  our 
mind  must  be  saturated  with  the  knowledge  that  we  are  dealing 
with  a  biological  and  physiological  part  of  biological  and  physiolog- 
ical whole,  subject  to  the  same  general  laws  of  growth  plus  environ- 
mental influences  found  nowhere  else  in  the  body. 

A  few  years  ago  Prof.  M.  C.  Brash,  eminent  anatomist  at  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  made  a  thorough  survey  of  orthodontic 
literature,    upon   invitation    of   the   orthodontic   profession   of   (ireat 


Containing  the  Proceedings  201 

Britain.  He  said  "from  the  evidence  so  far  submitted,  far  too  mucli 
importance  lias  been  placed  on  such  etiological  factors  as  thumb 
sucking,  nasal  obstructions,  adenoids,  cusp  relation  and  other  strictly 
local  factors." 

Learned  men  have  joined  their  clinical  observations  with  research 
experiences  in  the  last  few  years  and  we  are  beginning  to  see  through 
some  of  the  fog  that  obscured  our  vision.  Drs.  Stockard  and  Johnson 
are  working  on  problems  of  genetics  at  Cornell  University.  Drs. 
Gregory  and  Hellmau  are  working  on  problems  of  growth  of  the 
bones  of  the  face  and  skull  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natiiral 
History;  Dr.  C.  C.  Howard  and  a  group  of  physicians  at  the  Good 
Samaritan  Endocrine  Clinic  in  Atlanta,  are  working  on  endocrine 
problems  and  T.  Wingate  Todd,  F.R.C.S.,  is  working  on  growth 
problems  at  Western  Reservie  University.  Time  does  not  permit 
the  detail  elaboration  of  the  work  done  by  various  groups  throughout 
the  country. 

Coming  a  little  nearer  to  the  subject  which  the  title  of  rhis  paper 
requires  that  I  discuss,  we  will  divide  the  etiology  of  malocclusion 
and  irregularities  of  the  teeth  into  two  main  divisions — local  and 
general. 

Under  local  etiological  factors,  we  will  tabulate  the  following : 

1.  Pernicious  habits,  which  play  their  harmful  role  so  slowly  and 
treacherously  that  the  effects  are  not  noticed  by  the  parents  until 
considerable  damage  has  been  done.  Finger  sucking,  lip  sucking,  and 
tongue  habits  are  the  most  common  of  these  dangerous  habits. 

2.  Nasal  Obstructions :  Produce  mouth  breathers  which  interfere 
with  normal  muscular  function,  ^^hich  in  turn  interfere  with  normal 
growth.  Some  one  said  "function  determines  form"  which  statement 
I  believe  to  be  only  partially  true,  otherwise  we  could  produce  about 
whatever  physical  type  of  man  desired.  All  generalities  have  to  be 
met  with  modification.  Adenoids,  the  chief  offender  in  children  pro- 
duce the  typical  "pinch  face"  expression,  upper  anterior  teeth  pro- 
truding, lower  anterior  teeth  retruding,  producing  that  receding  chin 
or  "Andy  Gump"  type  of  individual.  As  the  mouth  breathing  proceeds 
we  believe  the  hard  palate  increases  in  height  thereby  producing 
change  in  the  nares  and  neighboring  structures.  The  rhinologist  and 
orthodontist  here  have  a  problem  in  common,  demanding  sympathetic 
cooperation  if  either  is  to  be  successful  in  treatment. 

3.  Deciduous  teeth :  Baby  teeth  should  have  the  most  careful  at- 
tention. The  early  loss  of  deciduous  teeth  nearly  always  induces  a 
disharm-'my  in  oral  growth.  Teeth  drift  to  approximate  each  other  in 
the  same  arch,  and  this  means  the  impaction  of  permanent  teeth.  The 
ofttime  sequalae  to  impacted  teeth  is  too  well  known  to  you  to 
elaborate  here. 

4.  Permanent  teeth  :  The  retention  of  permanent  teeth  is  of  the 
utmost  importance  if  one's  occlusion  is  to  be  maintained  and  th(> 
health  of  the  mouth  preserved.  The  loss  of  one  permanent  tooth 
usually  immediately  jeopardizes  the  usefulness  and  life  of  tive  other 
permanent  teeth  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  The  care  with  which  the 
contour  of  a  tooth  is  restored,  when  once  a  cavity  appears,  has  much 
to  do  with  the  future  occlusion,  usefulness  and  health  of  the  mouth. 

Under  general  etiological  factors  we  will  tabulate  the  following: 


202  BuUefin  North   Carolina  Dental  Socieiij 

1.  Syphilis :  There  is  not  only  a  very  definite  and  typical  mal- 
occlusion and  jaw  deformity  noted  in  congenital  syphilis,  but  there  is 
also  a  typical  type  of  tooth  produced. 

2.  Malnutrition :  Wliere  skeletal  development  did  not  reach  its  full 
possibilities,  there  is  often  created  a  disharmony  between  tlie  size 
of  the  teeth  and  the  supporting  bone,  producing  thereby  a  mal- 
occlusion of  the  teeth. 

o.  Eudocriues :  As  these  glands  influence  the  general  skeletal 
growth,  so  do  they  also  influence  the  growth  of  the  jaws.  The 
clinical  pictures  of  these  patients  come  vividly  before  your  eyes, 
especially  cretinism,  progeria  and  acromegaly.  As  there  is  a  modi- 
fied or  distorted  skeletal  growth  in  these  people,  so  there  is  also 
deviations  from  the  normal  in  jaw  growtli  and  conformation. 

4.  Rickets :  Meallanby  of  England  and  Howe  of  Boston  demon- 
strated malformed  jaws  and  irregular  teeth  in  experimental  animals 
by  producing  rickets.  Hatheld  of  Boston  examined  about  500  children 
giving  ii  history  of  rickets,  and  found  no  greater  prevalence  of  mal- 
occlusion than  from  a  like  group  with  negative  history  of  rickets. 
One  can  see,  liowever,  that  the  teeth  and  their  supporting  structures 
could  enter  into  the  clinical  picture. 

5.  Genetics :  Within  the  last  few  years  there  has  been  sufficient 
research  in  experimental  animals,  coupled  with  clinical  observations, 
to  force  the  opinion  that  inheritance  plays  a  large  role  in  producing 
irregularities  and  malocclusion  of  the  teeth.  Whether  we  inherit 
small  supporting  bone  and  large  teeth,  or  conversely,  i>er  se,  or 
whether  we  inherit  a  certain  endocrine  balance  or  imbalance,  which 
in  turn  produces  certain  disharmonies,  we  are  not  sure.  Drs.  Wtf>ckard 
and  Johnson  at  the  Cornell  Experimental  Farm  have  produced  from 
very  small  to  very  great  dento-facial  anomalies  in  interbreeding 
dogs.    This  work  will  be  published  very  shortly. 

These  are  briefly  what  we  believe  to  be  some  of  the  etiological 
factors  in  producing  dento-facial  disharmonies.  Not  until  we  look 
anatically  and  critically  at  all  the  possibilities  and  consider  the 
mouth  and  its  neighboring  structures  as  vitally  correlated  with  the 
problems  which  affect  the  whole,  can  we  hope  to  be  rewarded  with 
any  degree  of  satisfaction  which  comes  from  a  service  well  done. 
We  might  be  happier  if  we  embraced  the  suspicion  that  whatever 
affects  the  health  and  happiness  of  the  growing  child,  might  also 
affect  the  teeth,  the  supporting  and  neighboring  structures,  which 
in  turn  might  vitally  affect  the  health  and  happiness  of  the  adult. 

I  have  not  so  much  intended  to  push  in  the  background  of  the 
picture  the  local  causative  factors,  as  I  have  hoped  to  remind  you 
of  those  whose  origin  Avere  intrinsic,  harmonic  or  pathological.  It 
seems  to  me  that  we  must  pay  respect  to  all  the  possible  influences 
operating  to  produce  an  imperfect  individual,  and  not  lose  our  heads 
over  one  possible  link  of  evidence. 

Through  the  process  of  trial  and  error,  through  unnumbered  years, 
we  have  arrived  at  a  certain  type  of  teeth  and  certain  type  of  sup- 
porting structure  in  the  human  family  to  meet  certain  requirements 
for  masticating,  for  enunciating  and  for  esthetics;  any  modification 
reduces  the  efficiency  accordingly,  and  leaves  in  its  wake  a  physic, 
physical  or  pathological  impress  that  flows  on  into  later  life. 


Containing  the  Froceedinga  203 

Slides 

1.  Types  of  malocclusion. 

2.  Local  causes  of  malocclusion. 

3.  General  causes  of  malocclusion. 

4.  Treated  cases. 

I  make  no  claim  for  originality  of  tliouglit  in  this  presentation — 
the  literature  is  fertile  in  support  of  these  opinions,  and  my  clinical 
observations  are,  I  should  say,  the  average  of  an  orthodontic  practi- 
tioner. I  am  not  presumptuous  enough  to  think  that  this  paper  has 
added  one  bit  of  knowledge  to  your  profession,  whose  literature  is 
studded  with  beautiful  gems  from  your  leading  thought.  1  do  hope, 
however,  that  interest  has  been  stimulated  in  a  subject  that  is  as 
much  your  concern  as  it  is  our  problem.  If  we,  in  mutual  co- 
operation, do  not  handle  these  children  they  are  most  likely  to  be 
potential  patients  of  the  psychiatrist  and  internist.  You  who  have 
so  wonderfully  labored  in  eradicating  contagious  diseases,  I  hope  will 
now  turn  some  of  your  talents  to  a  less  spectacular,  but  none-the-less 
much  needed  drive  to  eradicate  diseases  of  mouth  origin.  May  those 
of  us  who  are  particularly  interested  in  orthodontics  feel  that  a  finer 
concept  is  to  relieve  inhibitions  and  prevent  disease  rather  than  to 
undertake  to  straighten  crooked  teeth.  We  must  project  our  vision 
far  beyond  the  condition  of  the  moment — to  the  adult  at  25  or  30, 
and  present  him  to  the  world  with  as  little  physical  and  mental 
handicap  as  humanly  possible. 

I  thank  you  very  much  for  the  opportunity  of  appearing  before 
you. 

Bibliography 

Brash,  J.  C. :  "The  Aetiology  of  Irregularity  and  Mallocclusion  of 
the  teeth." 

"The  Growth  of  the  .Jaws,  Normal  and  Abnormal,  in  Health 
and  Disease." 

Gregory,  Wm.  K.,  and  Hellman,  Milo :  "Paleontology  of  the  Human 
Dentition."  International  Journal  of  Orthodontia,  Oral  Surgery 
and  Radiography,  July,  1929,  Vol.  XV,  No.  7,  page  642. 

Howard,  C.  C. :  "Glandular  Influences  Considered  in  Skeletal  De- 
velopment, Featuring  Orthondontic  Tyiies."  International 
Journal  of  Orthodontia,  Oral  Surgery  and  Radiography,  March, 
1925,  Vol.  XI,  No.  3,  page  214. 

"The  Value  of  General  Clinical  Surveys  in  Orthodontic 
Diagnosis."  International  Journal  of  Orthodontia,  Oral  Sur- 
gery and  Radiography,  July,  1926,  A^ol.  VII,  No.  7.  page  613. 

"The  Physiologic  Progress  of  the  Bone  Centers  of  the  Hands 
of  Normal  Children  Between  the  Ages  of  Five  and  Sixteen 
Inclusive ;  Also  a  Comparative  Study  of  Both  Retarded  and 
Accelerated  Hand  (^rowth  of  Children  Whose  (General  Skeletal 
Growth  is  Similarly  Affected."  International  Journal  of  Ortho- 
dontia, Oral  Surgery  and  Radiography,  Vol.  XIV,  No.  11  and 
No.  12,  November  and  December,  1928. 


204  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

"A    I'liase    of    Skeletal    GroAvtli    as    Influenced    by    the    Sex 
Hoi'mones."    International  Journal  of  Orthodontia!,  Oral  Sur- 
j^ery  and  Radiography,  July,  1932,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  7,  page  Go9. 
Jeuuings,  H.  S. :    "The  Biological  Basis  of  Human  Behavior." 
Johnson,  A.  LeRoy  :    "Basic  Principles  of  Orthodontia." 
Todd,  T.  Wingate:    "Recent   Studies  in  Development  of  the  Face." 
International  Journal  of  Orthodontia,  Oral  Surgery  and  Radio- 
graphy, December,  1929,  Vol.  XV,  No.  12,  page  1157. 

Read  before  the  North  Carolina  Medical  Society,  Raleigh,  N.  C, 
April  IS,  1933. 


THIED  DAY— THURSDAY,  JUiN^E  8,  1933 

General  Session 

Tlie  General  Session  was  called  to  order  at  1 :35  o'clock  p.m., 
by  President  Wilbert  Jackson. 

President  Jacl'son: 

The  General  Session  will  come  to  order. 

I  wish  to  recognize  Mr.  Russell  Grumman.  Will  you  please 
come  forward  ? 

Mr.  Grumman,  these  men  are  going  to  miss  you  so  much  that 
I  wanted  them  to  see  you  again  and  have  you  say  something 
to  them.    We  Avant  to  say  something  to  you.    (Applause.) 

Mr.  Russell  j\I.  Grumman,  Chapel  II ill: 

Gentlemen,  it  has  been  a  real  pleasure  to  meet  you  personally, 
and  for  the  University  also,  to  have  you  with  us  these  few 
days.  Sj)eaking  for  myself,  I  don't  think  I  have  had  men  it 
Avas  more  pleasure  to  work  with  than  your  men.  It  has  been  a 
real  treat,  and  I  enjoy  working  with  people,  and  I  have  found 
your  people  very  agreeable.  I  think  you  have  made  a  splendid 
impression  upon  the  University  and  I  want  to  commend  the 
men  for  the  Avay  you  have  treated  our  property,  particularly 
the  observance  of  the  rvile  in  this  room  about  smoking,  Avhich 
is  a  regulation  we  have  no  control  over.  Mr.  Hill  donated  this 
building  with  the  request  that  no  smoking  be  permitted  in  it. 
We  appreciate  your  cooperation.  I  hope  that  you  have  enjoyed 
your  stay.  From  the  remarks  made  to  me  and  others  on  the 
campus,  I  judge  you  have.  You  seem  to  be  most  interested 
in  your  work. 


Coniaining  the  Proceedings  205 

Dr.  Jackson,  before  I  sit  down  I  would  like  to  take  this 
occasion  to  remind  the  House  of  Delegates  and  the  Society 
as  a  whole  that  any  time  you  desire  to  resume  your  Extension 
Course,  the  Extension  Division  of  the  University  of  North  Caro- 
lina stands  ready  to  cooperate  with  you  in  every  way.  We  have 
been  waiting  for  you  to  make  this  move.  Speaking  from  the 
viewpoint  of  the  University  and  particularly  the  Extension 
Division,  we  feel  that  your  course  was  one  of  the  most  successful 
and  most  valuable  and  important  courses  we  have  been  able  to 
conduct  in  several  years.  It  means  a  great  deal  to  the  Univers- 
ity, as  we  know  you  men  are  going  forward  in  your  profession 
of  dentistry,  but  more  important  than  either  of  those  things 
is  the  significance  that  dentists  have  come  here  to  learn  things 
which  will  make  them  better  fitted  to  serve  the  public.  We  are 
all  interested  in  the  public  welfare  and  these  courses  certainly 
add  their  part  in  improving  the  public  welfare  in  ISTorth  Caro- 
lina. I  say  again,  please  call  on  us  if  you  feel  that  you  can 
continue  with  your  courses.  We  shall  be  glad  to  cooperate  with 
you  at  any  time.  Please  know  that  we  have  enjoyed  thoroughly 
having  you  with  us  during  your  Convention.  It  has  been  a  real 
inspiration  to  see  such  a  group  as  you  assemble  and  take  such 
an  interest  in  the  meeting.  The  clinics,  the  scientific  discussions, 
were  unusually  well  attended.  I  think  the  campus  atmosphere 
has  helped  some  and  there  is  a  certain  advantage  that  nature  has 
had  which  you  needed  for  the  occasion.  This  is  not  the  best 
place  in  which  to  meet,  but  we  want  you  to  come  back  and  meet 
with  us  as  soon  as  you  can.    (Applause.) 

President  JacJcson: 

Thank  you,  Mr.  Grumman.  Mr.  Grumman,  on  behalf  of  the 
j^orth  Carolina  Dental  Society  I  want  you  to  know  we  appre- 
ciate thoroughly  each  effort  that  has  been  made  for  us  as  a 
Society,  as  individuals,  and  we  would  like  for  you  to  convey  a 
special  message  to  Mrs.  Grumman  because  she  has  been  instru- 
mental in  helping  you  to  put  over  this  splendid  work,  and  we 
just  know  that  you  could  not  have  done  it  all  by  yourself,  and 
we  want  her  to  know  that  Ave  appreciate  her  efforts. 

Mr.  Russell  J\L  Grumman: 

I  Avill  see  that  she  gets  that  message. 


206  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

President  Jachson: 

I  hope  as  jou  liope  that  some  time  we  can  come  back  to 
Chapel  Hill.  I  Avish  we  could  come  about  the  first  of  April, 
when  it  wasi  warm,  but  not  too  warm,  and  we  could  have  had 
more  pleasant  weather.  We  all  know,  however,  that  this  is  the 
most  imusually  hot  weather  for  this  time  of  year.  We  have  had 
a  wonderful  time  and  regardless  of  all  the  little  things,  we  have 
had  an  excellent  time.  I  want  to  assure  you  that  our  expecta- 
tions have  been  far   surpassed. 

Dr.  F.  0.  At  ford,  Charlotte: 

I  hate  to  delay  things.  Mr.  Grumman  has  done  wonderful 
things  and  I  appreciate  it.  There  is  another  man  here  who 
has  done  real  work.  As  Chairman  of  the  Publicity  Committee, 
I  would  like  to  recognize  Mr.  Maddry,  Director  of  the  Pub- 
licity Bureau  here  in  Chapel  Hill.     (Applause.) 

Mr.  Maddry,  Chapel  Hill: 

I  have  enjoyed  this  meeting  very  much  and  I  feel  I  liave 
learned  something  about  dentistry  that  I  did  not  know  before. 
I  enjoyed  the  talk  yesterday  morning  very  much.  When  you 
talk  about  teeth  moving  an  eighth  of  an  inch  one  way  or  an- 
other, and  you  can  tighten  them  up  so  they  are  tight  as  some- 
body's hat  band,  I  think  that  is  pretty  wonderful.  I  have 
enjoyed  visiting  your  Convention  and  I  am  glad  to  cooperate 
with  you  in  the  future  in  any  Avay  that  I  can.    (Applause.) 

President  Jachson: 

Is  there  anything  else  to  come  before  the  General  Session  I 
(Pause.)  If  not,  I  Avill  ask  Dr.  Clayton  and  Dr.  Phin  Horton 
to  escort  the  President-Elect  to  the  rostrum. 

Dr.  P.  E.  Horton,  Winston-Salem: 

On  behalf  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  it  pleases 
me  to  present  to  you  Dr.  Branch  to  succeed  you  in  office,  and 
Ave  commend  him  to  yoi;r  tender  mercies.   Dr.  Branch. 

President  Jachson: 

Dr.  Branch,  I  am  about  to  surrender  to  you  a  gavel.  I  can 
only  bespeak  for  you  the  cooperation  of  the  most  loyal  bunch 
of  men  it  has  been  my  privilege  to  knoAv.  I  am  sure  their 
confidence  and  trust  has  not  been  misplaced,  and  I  can  speak 


Containing  the  Proceedings  207 

for  tlie  jSTorth  Carolina  Dental  Society  the  greatest  year  in  its 
history.  If  I  may  be  of  service  to  you  and  the  I^orth  Carolina 
Dental  Society  at  any  time,  any  place,  I  shall  count  it  a 
privilege  to  do  so.  I  am  looking  for  great  things  from  you  as 
leader.    I  hand  you  this  gavel  and  surrender  my  office  to  you. 

Dr.  E.  A.  Branch,  Raleigh: 

It  is  customary  to  say  that  this  is  the  happiest  moment  of 
my  life.  I  shall  not  make  that  statement.  I  am  not  happy.  I 
could  not  be  happy  realizing  the  responsibility,  but  I  do  say 
I  am  greatly  pleased  for  having  this  privilege.  It  is  going  to  be 
a  love  feast,  because  that  is  the  greatest  thing  there  is,  love,  and 
I  know  of  no  place  where  you  would  find  more  of  it  than  in 
the  !N"orth  Carolina  Dental  Society.  It  is  an  association  of  men 
of  one  mind,  one  thought,  and  one  purpose,  but  the  greatest  of 
that  is  purpose.  It  is  in  the  hearts  of  the  dentists  of  jSTorth 
Carolina.  That  purpose  is  not  one  of  selfishness,  but  it  is  a 
purpose  of  service,  service  to  their  own  people.  That  is  our 
privilege  and  opportunity.  We  are  headed  into  the  next  year, 
ana  at  the  close  of  this  next  year,  Ave  will  be  one  more  year 
closer  to  the  goal.    I  thank  you.    (Applause.) 

President  Branch : 

I  believe  the  next  order  is  the  installation  of  the  Vice- 
President.  Dr.  Paul  Fitzgerald  and  Dr.  D.  T.  Carr  to  present 
the  Vice-President  at  this  time,  if  you  please. 

Dr.  J.  P.  Jones  was  escorted  to  the  rostrum. 

Dr.  Jones,  it  is  a  great  pleasure  to  have  you  as  Vice-President 
this  year.    (Applause.) 

Dr.  J.  P.  Jones: 

I  appreciate  this  honor.  I  have  been  delighted  to  have  you  at 
Chapel  Hill  this  year,  and  I  hope  we  can  have  you  back  for  a 
meeting  next  year.    I  thank  you.     (Applause.) 

President  Branch: 

Dr.  ISTixon,  will  you  and  Dr.  Miller  present  the  Secretary. 

Dr.  D.  L.  Pridgen  was  escorted  to  the  rostrum. 

Dr.  Pridgen,  I  feel  that  I  am  fortunate  in  having  you  as  my 
right-hand  man.  I  shall  lean  on  you  heavily.  I  trust  you  will 
do  all  in  your  power  to  support  me.  I  am  glad  to  have  you. 
(Applause.) 


208  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Secretary  Pridgen : 

I  will  do  my  very  best.    (Applause.) 

President  Branch  : 

What  else  is  there  to  come  before  us  ? 

The  Floor: 

Installment  of  the  President-Elect. 

Presideiit  Branch : 

Dr.  Paul  Jones,  will  you  and  Dr.  Minges  present  Dr.  Ed- 
wards ? 

Dr.  L.  M.  EdAvards,  President-Elect,  Avas  escorted  to  the 
rostrum. 

Dr.  Edwards,  this  is  indeed  a  pleasure  to  recognize  you. 
(Applause.) 

Dr.  L.  M.  Edwards,  Durham: 

I  know  you  are  all  tired.  It  is  late  noAv.  In  1935  you  will 
probably  hear  so  much  of  me  I  am  going  to  be  kind  and  say 
nothing  more  than  two  things:  Eirst,  appreciation  for  this 
honor  and  second,  the  aAve  AA'ith  AA^hich  I  accept  the  responsibility 
for  this  honor.  I  realize  that  the  success  of  any  meeting  depends 
largely  on  the  committees  and  the  cooperation  of  the  body  as  a 
whole  Avith  the  committees.  I  just  hope  that  Avith  that  co- 
operation, the  meeting  in  1935  Avill  cause  nothing  of  regret.  I 
thank  you.    (Applause.) 

President  Branch : 

Is  there  anything  noAv  before  the  announcement  of  the  com- 
mittees for  the  next  year  ? 

Dr.  E.  B.  Hoivle,  Raleigh: 

It  has  been  customary  to  present  the  ucaa^  members  of  the 
Board  elected  at  this  meeting. 

President  Branch: 

1  think  you  are  right.  Is  Dr.  Ealph  Jarrett  in  the  hall  <  Is 
Dr.  Billy  Bell  here? 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming,  Raleigh: 

Inasmuch  as  both  are  gone,  I  moA^e  that  Ave  proceed  and  not 
present  anybody  by  proxy. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  209 

President  Branch : 

Gentlemen,  for  good  and  sufficient  reason,  I  wish  the  privilege 
of  delaying  the  appointment  of  the  committees  for  just  a  bit. 
I  prefer  to  confer  with  the  men  and  have  them  accept  the 
chairmanship,  at  least,  of  the  committees  before  they  are  ap- 
pointed. I  hope  you  will  approve  that.  However,  I  do  wish 
to  say  at  this  time  that  I  want  to  announce  that  Dr.  Z.  L. 
Edwards  will  be  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee.  Dr. 
jSTeal  Sheffield  will  be  the  new  member  of  the  committee,  and 
of  course,  Dr.  E.  M.  Olive  will  carry  over. 

The  meeting,  as  you  know,  is  at  Wrightsville,  and  I  want  to 
make  Dr.  H.  L.  Keith  Chairman  of  the  General  Arrangements 
Committee  and  he  select  those  he  Avishes  to  serve  and  I  would 
like  to  ask  Dr.  Junius  D.  Smith  to  be  Chairman  of  the  Enter- 
tainment Committee,  and  he  to.  select  those  to  serve  with  him. 
The  other  committees  I  ask  the  privilege  of  naming  later  and 
you  will  be  notified  through  mail  as  individuals  and  the  Society 
notified  "within  a  few  weeks.  I  hope  that  meets  with  your 
approval. 

Is  there  anything  else  to  come  before  us?    (Pause.) 

Dr.  J.  Martin  Fleming,  Raleigh: 
I  move  we  adjourn  sine  die. 

President  Branch  : 

If  there  is  no  other  discussion,  we  stand  adjourned. 

Thus,  at  2  .-05  o'clock  p.m.,  Thursday,  July  8,  1933,  the  Fif  ty- 
J^inth  x\nnual  Meeting  of  the  ISTorth  Carolina  Dental  Society  at 
Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina,  adjourned  si7ie  die. 


COM  M ITTEE  S— 1933-34 
Executive  Committee 


Z.  I..  Edwards,  Chairman  (1934) Washington 

R.  M.  Olive  (1935) Fayetteville 

Neal    Sliefiield    (1930) Greensboro 

Program-Clixic  Committee 

D.  L.  Piidgen,  Chairman Fayetteville 

W.  D.  Gibbs,  V ice-Chairman Charlotte 

.T.  W.  Whiteliead Smithlicld 

J.   E.   Hwindell Kalciiih 

R.  P.  Molvin Winston-Salem 


210  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Sociclij 

Ethics  Committee 

J.  Martin  Fleming,  Chainnan Raleij;li 

J.   W.   Wliiteliead Smitlilield 

J.  C.  Watkins Winstou-Salem 

Legislative  Committee 

J.  N.  Jolinstm    (1937) Goldsboro 

Z.  L.  Edwards  ,1934) Wasliington 

E.  B.  Howie  (1930) Raleigli 

P.  E.  Jones  (1936) Farmville 

H.  O.  Lineberger  (1938) Raleigli 

Oral  Hygiene  Committee 

Paul  Fitzgerald,  Chairman Greenville 

C.  S.  McCall Forest  City 

Neal  Slieflield Greensboro 

C.  C.  Bennett Asbeville 

B.  C.  Taylor Landis 

Pitt  Beam Shelby 

Librarian 
Jessie  L.  Zachary Raleigh 

State  Institutions  Committee 

Everett  Smith,  Chairman Raleigh 

J.  R.  Edwards Fuquay  Springs 

Oscar    Hooks Wilson 

J.  L.  Ashby Mount  Airy 

John  R.  Pharr Charlotte 

Victor  Bell Raleigh 

Military  Committee 

I.  H.  Hoyle,  Chmrman Henderson 

S.  E.  Mosely Gastonia 

E.  G.  Click Elkin 

V.  M.  Barnes Wilson 

Liability  Insurance  Committee 

J.  H.  Wheeler,  Chainnan Greensboro 

T.  A.  Wilkins Gastonia 

D.  B.  Mizell Charlotte 

J.  A.  Jernigan Dunn 

A.  L.  Wooteu Raleigh 

Membership   Committee 

L.  M.  Edwards,  Chainnan Durham 

Paul  Fitzgerald Greenville 

Charles  S.  McCall Forest  City 


Containing  the  Proceedings  211 

F.  O.  Alford Charlotte 

G.  L.  Hooper Eiwiii 

J.  T.  Lasley Greensboro 

Exhibit   Committee 

D.  L.  Pritlgeu,  Chairman , Faj^etteville 

W.  T.  Martin Raleigh 

Sam  L.  Bobbitt Raleigh 

A.  S.  Cromartie Faj^etteville 

Clyde  E.  Minges Rocky  Mount 

Dental  College  Committee 

J.  E.  Swindell,  Chairman Raleigh 

R.  Philip  Melvin Winston-Salem 

A.  C.  Bone Rocky  Mount 

Wallace  D.  Gibbs Charlotte 

Clinic  Board  of  Censors 

Ralph  Little,   Chairman Asheville 

J.  W.  Whitehead Smithfield 

A.  P.  Beam Shelby 

A.  D.  Barber Sanford 

J.  M.  Holland Statesville 

H.  E.  Nixon Elizabeth  City 

Resolutions   Committee 

J.  H.  Wheeler,  Chairman Greensboro 

J.  C.  Watkins Winston-Salem 

P.  R.  Falls Gastonia 

A.  T.  Jennette Washington 

W.  L.  McRae Red  Springs 

Necrology  Committee 

J.  S.  Betts,  Chairman Greensboro 

C.  D.  Bain Dunn 

W.  D.   Gibbs Charlotte 

H.  E.  Story Charlotte 

Everett  L.  Smith Raleigh 

Howard  Branch Raleigh 

W.  T.  Martin Raleigh 

N.  P.  Maddux Asheville 

S.  R.  Horton Raleigh 

Carolina-Virginia  Clinic  Committee 

Paul  E.  Jones,  Chairman Farmville 

E.  N.  Lawrence Raleigh 

H.  K.  Thompson Wilmington 

Harry  Keel Winston-Salem 


212  lUilletin  Xorfh    Carolina  Denial  Soclei ij 

C.  I.  Miller Albemarle 

Alfred  Seliultz Greenville 

J.  E.  L.  Thomas Tarboro 

Committee  on  Entertainment  of  Visitors 

J.  A.  Sinclair Asheville 

J.  H.  Wheeler Greensboro 

J.   M.    Fleminji Kaleigh 

J.  S.  Simrgeon Hillsboro 

J.  C.  Watkins Winston-Salem 

H.  E.   Story Charlotte 

I'riii.iciTY  Committee 

E.  O.  Alford.  Chuirmaii Charlotte 

J.  O.  Broughton Wilmington 

H.  L.  Keith Wilmington 

L.  J.  Meredith Wilmington 

Guy    Pigford Wilmington 

W.  T.  Smith Wilmington 

E.    Weathersbee Wilmington 

Golf  Committee 

C.  A.  Thomas.  VhaiDnaii Wilmington 

J.  O.  Brovighton Wilmingtim 

James  H.  Smith Wilmington 

Entertainment  Committee 

Junius  C.  Smith.  Chairman Wilmington 

H.   K.   Thompson Wilmington 

B.  R.  Morrison Wilmington 

General  Arrangements  Committee 

H.  L.  Keith.  Chairman Wilmingtcm 

B.  li.  Morrison Wilmington 

L.   J.   Meredith Wilmington 

Extension  Course  Committee 

E.  B.  Howie,  Chairman Raleigh 

J.  N.  Johnson Goldsboro 

Dennis   Keel Greensboro 

A.   H.  Fleming Louisburg 

T.   r.  Williamson Charlotte 

Committee  on   Relations   of  Physicians  and   Dentists 

J.  M.  Fleming,  Chairman Raleigh 

J.  S.  Betts Greensboro 

E.  B.  Howie Raleigh 

F.  L.  Hunt Asheville 

W.  M.  Robey Charlotte 


Containing  the  Froceedings  213 

Superintendent  of  Clinic  Committee 

Guy  Pigford,  Chairman Wilmington 

L.  E.  Buie Lemon  Siirings 

L.  J.  Dupree Kinston 

W.  F.  Mustian Warrenton 

Dewey   Bosemau Wilson 

James  H.  Smith Wilmiugt(m 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  DENTAL   SOCIETY 
IN  GOOD  STANDING 

First  District 

*A.  D.  Abei-uathy Granite  Falls 

W.  R.  Aiken Asheville 

L.  P.  Baker Kings  Momitain 

*0.  C.  Bai'ker Asheville 

*A.  P.  Beam Shelby 

*W.  F.  Bell Asheville 

*C.  C.  Bennett Asheville 

A.  W.  Bottoms Canton 

*W.  W.  Carpenter Hendersonville 

H.  H.  Carson Hendersouville 

W.  E.  Clarke Asheville 

*Dennis  S.   Cook Lenoir 

Dean  H.  Crawford Marion 

E.  M.  Cunningham Biltmore 

*A.  C.  Currant Gastonia 

J.  E.  Derby Try  on 

B.  A.  Dickson Marion 

H.  C.  Dixon Shelby 

A.   C.  Edwards Laundale 

P.  R.  Falls Gastonia 

S.   P.   Gay Waynesville 

S.  J.   Hamilton Burnsville 

Carl  Hardin Brevard 

C.  Highsmith Gastonia 

Lyman  J.  Hooper Asheville 

J.  Spencer  Howell Morganton 

Ralph  R.  Howes Forest  City 

F.  L.  Hunt Asheville 

H.  A.  Karesh Lincolnton 

*A.  A.  Lackey Fallston 

O.  Preston  Lewis Kings  Mountain 

J.  B.  Little Hickory 

*R.  A.  Little Asheville 

*N.  P.  Maddux Asheville 

*L.  H.  Mann Asheville 

James  A.  Marshburn Black  Mountain 

H.  M.  May Aslieville 


214  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

M.  N.  Medford Waynesville 

E.  D.  Moore Gastonia 

O.  L.  Moore Lenoir 

0.  S.  Moore Belmont 

*S.  E.  Moser Gastonia 

*Clias.  y.  McCall Forest  City 

*D.  I'].  McCounell Gastonia 

C.  H.  MeCracken Aslaeville 

J.  K.  Osborne Slielby 

J.  M.  Parker Asheville 

Geo.  K.  Patterson Aslieville 

C.  M.  Peeler Shelby 

Cecil  A.  Pless Asheville 

Ralph  Ray .• Gastonia 

W.  C.  Raymer Newton 

*J.  F.  Reece Lenoir 

*I.  R.  Self Lincolnton 

*J.  A.  Sinclair Asheville 

S.  H.  Steelmau Maiden 

C.  W.  Stevens Hickory 

Paul   W.   Troutman Hickory 

B.  C.  Thomasson Bryson  City 

R.  C.  Weaver Asheville 

*C.  T.  Wells Canton 

J.  Ij.  West Franklin 

T.  A.  Wilkins Gastonia 

*P.  W.  Winchester Morgauton 

J.  A.  Young Newton 

*C.  B.  Yount Hickory 

Second  District 

C.  L.  Alexander Charlotte 

*F.  O.  Alford Charlotte 

T.  I.  Allen Charlotte 

*Fred  J.  Anderson Winston-Salem 

*John  L.  Ashby Mount  Airy 

J.  E.  Banner Mount  Airy 

=^Carl  A.  Barkley Winston-Salem 

*J.  R.  Bell Davidson 

Grove  C.  Bernard Kaunapolis 

A.  Mack  Berryhill Charh)tte 

*J.  P.  Bingham Lexington 

*A.  R.  Black Charlotte 

Daniel  B.  Boger Charlotte 

1.  A.  Booe Mocksville 

*H.  L.  Brooks Monroe 

*A.   S.  Bumgardner , Charlotte 

J.  D.  Carlton Salisbury 

John  W.  Carlton Spencer 

G.  K.  Carter Taylorsville 

E.  C.  Choate Mocksville 


Containing  the  Proceedings  215 

E.  G.  Click Elkiii 

AV.  J.  Courad Winstou-Salem 

Yeruou  H.  Cox Wiustou-Salem 

R.  W.  Crews Thomasville 

W.  L.  Ci'ipliver Lexiiigtou 

*W.  Clyde  Current Statesville 

H.  C.  Daniel Salisbury 

S.  C.  Duncan Monroe 

*K.  H.  Ellington Salisbury 

W.  L.  Ezzell,  Jr Concord 

P.  L.  Feezer Lexington 

Burke  W.  Fox Charlotte 

J.  M.   Gaitlier Boone 

*W.  D.  Gibbs Charlotte 

*J.  H.  Guiou Charlotte 

*E.  S.  Hamilton Charlotte 

E.  B.  Harrell Elkin 

*A.  P.  Hartman Winston-Salem 

*J.  F.  Hartness Mooresville 

*Frank  K.  Haynes Charlotte 

Gary   Heeseman Charlotte 

H.  R.  Hege Mount  Airy 

H.  C.  Henderson Charlotte 

*L.  O.  Herring Charlotte 

*0.  R.  Hodgin Thomasville 

*D.  W.  Holcombe Winston-Salem 

*J.  M.  Holland Statesville 

*R.  H.  Holliday Thomasville 

*P.  E.  Horton Winston-Salem 

H.    H.    Houck Pineville 

*Geo.  C.  Hull Charlotte 

*Wm.  A.  Ingram Monroe 

*Rali)h  F.  Jarrett Charlotte 

*F.  G.  Johnson Lexington 

*0.  L.  Joyner Kernersville 

*H.  L.  Keel Winston-Salem 

James  L.  Keerans Charlotte 

*V'.  B.  Kendrick Charlotte 

W.  L.  Kibler Charlotte 

J.  W.  Kirk Salisbury 

*A.  R.  Kistler Monroe 

*G.  A.  Lazenby Statesville 

Sam  Levy Charlotte 

*W.  C.  Logan Winston-Salem 

J.   G.   Marler Yadkin ville 

*Guy  M.   Masten Winston-Salem 

*R.  Phillip  Melvin Winston-Salem 

F.  C.  Mendenhall Winston-Salem 

*Daniel  B.  Mizell Charlotte 

E.   Brown   Morgan Ccmcord 

T.  Duke  Morse Winston-Salem 


216  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

*D.  O.  Moutgomery Statesville 

*J.  A.  McCluug Wiuston-Salom 

J.  M.  Neel Salisbury 

*J.  H.  Nicholson Statesville 

Eva   Carter  Nissen Wiustou-Salem 

*C.  M.  Parks Winston-Salem 

li.  M.  Patterson Concord 

Kalph  E.  Petree Charlotte 

John  li.  Pharr Charlotte 

*A.  J.  Pringle Lawsonville 

R.  L.  Ramsay Salisbury 

*R.  L.  Reynolds Lexington 

*W.  M.  Robey Charlotte 

*Grady  L.  Ross Charlotte 

*Rali>h  Schmucker Charlotte 

W.  A.  Secrest Winston-Salem 

*C.  F.  Smithson Charlotte 

*Wade  A.  Sowers Lexington 

*R.  E.  Six)on Winston-Salem 

*Harold^  E.  Story Charlotte 

*L.  E.   Taylor Charlotte 

W.  A.  Taylor North  Wilkesboro 

*W.  C.  Taylor Salisbury 

C.  L.  Thomas Mount  Airy 

*Roy  Lee  Thompson Winston-Salem 

*L.  P.  Trivette Mooresville 

M.  L.  Troutman Kannapolis 

*R.  D.  Tuttle Winston-Salem 

C.  U.  Voils Mooresville 

V.  V.  Voils Mooresville 

*C.  H.  Wadsworth Concord 

D.  T.  Waller Charlotte 

*J.  C.  Watkins Winston-Salem 

*G.  E.  Waynick Winston-Salem 

B.  H.  Webster Charlotte 

*C.  D.  Wheeler Salisbury 

*T.  P.  Williamson Charlotte 

K.  M.  Yokely Winston-Salem 

J.  W.  Zimmerman Salisbury 

Third  District 

A.  D.  Adams Durham 

P.  Y.  Adams High  Point 

*J.  S.  Betts Greensboro 

*R.  W.  Brannock Burlington 

*Daniel  T.  Carr Durham 

*Henry  C.  Carr Durham 

*R.  R.  Clarke Chapel  Hill 

*W.  F.  Clayton High  Point 

*L.  G.  Coble Greensltoro 

J.  Cecil  Crank Greensboro 


Containing  fJio  Proceedings  217 

*A.  ^y.  Craver Gireiisboro 

*Lel;m(l  M.  Daniels Southern  Pines 

*H.  A.  Edwards Greensboro 

*L.  M.  Edwards Durham 

*K()seo  M.  Farrell Pittsboro 

*W.  I.  Farrell Troy 

*L.  M.  Foushee,  Jr Burlin,i;ton 

E.  A.  Frazier High  Point 

*J.  S.  Frost Burlington 

H.  Kemp  Foster Greensboro 

*.T.  M.  Gardner Gibson 

F.  E.   Gilliam Burlington 

*C.  A.   Graliam Ramseur 

*J.  J.  Hamlin High  Point 

John  N.  Hester Reidsville 

*K.  H.  Holden Durham 

*N.  T.  Holland Durham 

*Jack  H.  Hughes Roxboro 

*J.  H.  Hurdle Mebane 

J.  E.  Holt Greensboro 

A.  H.  Johnson Greensboro 

*J.  P.  Jones Chapel  Hill 

*Dennis  F.  Keel Greensboro 

G.  E.  Kirkman Greensboro 

C.  D.  Kistler Randleman 

*J.  T.  Lasley Greensboro 

Charles  T.  Lipscombe Greensboro 

*D.  K.  Lockhart Durham 

*R.  E.  Long Roxboro 

*J..R.  Meador Reidsville 

*E.  M.  Medlin Aberdeen 

'•■Charles  Ivy  Miller Albemarle 

*J.  S.  Moore Reidsville 

H.  y.  Murray Burlington 

Charles  W.  McAnally Madison 

*S.   H.   McCall Troy 

*E.  P.  McCutoheon Durham 

*A.  A.  McDuffie Candor 

*Gates    McKaughan Kernersville 

*  William  Roy  McKaughan High  Point 

=-'R.  T.  Nichols Rockingham 

*Carl  P.  Norris Durham 

*L.  G.  Page Yanceyville 

-H.  M.  Patterson,  .'Jrd Burlington 

*Charles  C.  Poindexter (Jreensboro 

*E.   F.   Pope Albemarle 

*0.  L.  Presnell Asheboro 

*A.  P.  Reade Durham 

*E.  E.  Richardson Leaksvillo 

*J.  B.  Richardson High  Point 

G.  R.  Salisbury Asheboro 


218  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Societrj 

J.  C.  Seuter Albemarle 

*E.  W.  Sliackleford Durham 

*S.  W.  Shaffer Greensboro 

*B.  B.  Shamberger Star 

*N.  Sheffield Greensboro 

*R.  P.  Shepard Southern  Pines 

*T.  Edgar  Sikes Greensboro 

*H.  A.  Smathers Greensboro 

*L.  T.  Smith Reidsville 

*J.  S.  Spurgeon Hillsboro 

*John  Swaim Asheboro 

*C.  H.  Teague Greensboro 

*Herndon  W.  Thompson Hamlet 

E.  A.  Troxler Greensboro 

E.  J.  Tucker Roxboro 

J.  I.  Uuder\yood Durham 

J.   S.  Wells Reidsville 

Chas.  M.  Wheeler Greensboro 

*J.  H.  Wheeler Greensboro 

*P.  B.  Whittington Greensboro 

*R.  A.  Wilkins Burlington 

*B.  W.  Williamson Hamlet 

*J.  F.  Williamson Wadesboro 

*W.  L.  Woodard Sanatorium 

*G.  N.  Yates Durham 

*L.  H.  Zimmerman High  Point 

*T.  R.  Zimmerman High  Point 

Fourth  District 
*C.   E.  Abernathy Raleigh 

R.  T.  Allen Lumberton 

*B.  L.  Aycock Princeton 

*C.  D.  Bain Dunn 

*A.  D.  Barber Sanford 

J.  B.  Bardin Chadbourn 

*Victor  E.  Bell Raleigh 

*S.  L.  Bobbitt Raleigh 

*E.  A.  Branch Raleigh 

*W.  Howard  Branch Raleigh 

*J.  W.  Branham Raleigh 

E.  H,  Broughton Raleigh 

*C.  H.  Bryan Apex 

*J.  K.  Bryan Oxford 

*J.  R.  Butler Dunn 

*L.  E.  Buie Lemon  Springs 

W.  E.  Campbell Littleton 

N.  G.   Carroll Raleigh 

*H.  R.  Chamblee Raleigh 

*R.  D.   Clements Raleigh 

*J.  F.  Coletrane Zebulon 

*A.  S.  Cromartie Fayetteville 


Containing  the  Proceedings  219 

H.  R.  Cromartie Raeford 

R.  C.  Daniels Soutliport 

*I.  H.  Davis Oxford 

*J.  R.  Edwards Fuquay  Springs 

Paisley  Fields Boardmau 

*S.  J.  Finch Oxford 

*A.  H.  Fleming Louisburg 

*J.  M.  Fleming Raleigh 

C.  G.  I\iquay Coats 

*L.  G.  Hair Fayetteville 

*G.  Fred  Hale Raleigh 

*C.  C.  Hatch Sanford 

*G.  L.  Hooper Erwin 

*S.  R.  Horton Raleigh 

*E.  B.  Ho\yle Raleigh 

*I.  H.  Hoyle Henderson 

*E.  W.  Hunter Sanford 

*J.  K.  Hunt Jonesboro 

J.  H.  Ihrie Wendell 

*Wilbert  Jackson Clinton 

*J.  A.  Jernigan Dunn 

*J.  C.  Johnson Raleigh 

*K.  L.   Johnson Raleigh 

*J.  H.  Judd Fayetteville 

*E.  N.  Lawrence Raleigh 

E.  G.  Lee Clinton 

*H.'  O.  Liueberger Raleigh 

*W.  T.  Martin: Raleigh 

L.  M.  Massey Zebulon 

*L.  J.  Moore St.  Pauls 

*W.  F.  Mustian Warrentou 

*F.  W.  McCracken Sanford 

*H.  McK.  McDiarmid Raeford 

*S.  R.  McKay Lillington 

*W.  L.  McRae Red  Springs 

*R.  M.  Olive Fayetteville 

W.  J.  Payne Clayton 

*D.  L.  Pridgen Fayetteville 

*W.  W.  Rankin Raleigh 

*C.  W.  Sanders Benson 

*E.  L.  Smith Raleigh 

D.  T.  Smithwick Louisburg 

*R.  M.  Squires Wake  Forest 

*R.    W.    Stephens Apex 

*J.   E.   Swindell Raleigh 

W.  W.  Taylor Warrentou 

*M.  F.   Townsend Lumberton 

*R.  A.  Turlington Clinton 

A.  D.   Underwood Raleigh 

F.  H.  Underwood Carthage 

*S.   R.   Watson Henderson 


220  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

*J.  W.  Whitehead Smithtield 

*A.  L.  Wooten Raleigh 

*W.  F.  Yates Chadbouru 

*T.  L.  Young Raleigh 

*  Jessie  R.  Zaehary Raleigh 

Fifth  District 

*A'ernon  M.  Barnes Wilson 

*0.  J.  Bender Jacksonville 

*A.  B.  Bland Walhice 

*A.  C.  Bone Rocky  Mount 

*Dewey  Bosemau Wilson 

*J.  O.  Broughton Wilmington 

*J.  W.  Brown Rich  S(iuare 

*L.  H.  Butler Hertford 

F.  G.  Chamblee Spring  Hope 

*H.  W.  Civils New  Bern 

F.  H.  Coleman Wilmington 

P.  B.  Cone Williamston 

Geo.    Dennis Wallace 

*J.  H.  Dreher Wilmington 

*D.   W.   Dudley Kinston 

*J.  F.  Duke Washington 

*L.  J.  Dupree Kinston 

*A.  C.  Early Aulander 

J.  R.  Edmundson Wilson 

*Z.  L.  Edwards Washington 

*Paul  Fitzgerald Greenville 

C.   H.   Geddie Goldsboro 

*E.  C.  Grady Elm  City 

S.  W.  Gregory Elizabeth  City 

W.  S.  Griffin Edenton 

*W.  L.  Hand New  Bern 

M.  M.  Harris Elizabeth  City 

*W.  I.  Hart Edenton 

*Oscar    Hooks Wilson 

*R.  F.  Hunt Rocky  Mount 

*A.  T.  Jeannette Washington 

B.  McK.  Johnson Wilmington 

C.  B.  Johnson New  Bern 

J.  N.  Johnson Goldsboro 

*Paul  E.  Jones Farmville 

*H.  L.  Keith Wilmington 

*J.  M.  Kilpatrick Robersonville 

A.  C.  Liverman Scotland  Neck 

*S.  E.  Malone Goldsboro 

M.  B.  Massey Greenville 

AV.  C.  Mercer Ahoskie 

*L.   J.   Meredith Wilmington 

*C.  E.  Minges Rocky  Mount 


Containing  the  Proceedings  221 

B.  R.  Morrison Wilmingtou 

*M.  T.  McMillau Goldsboro 

*H.  E,  Nixon Elizabeth  City 

*J.  H.  Oldliam Wilmington 

*G.  L.  Overman Goldsboro 

William  Parker Elizabeth  City 

*Z.  Y.  Parker New  Bern 

Guy  E.  Pigford Wilmington 

*J.  G.  Poole Kinston 

S.  D.  Poole Goldsboro 

*C.  G.  Powell Ahoskie 

*W.  T.  Ralph Belhaven 

*C.  R.  Riddick Ayden 

*  James  H.  iSmith Wilmington 

*  Junius  C.  Smith Wilmington 

*M.   R.   Smith Harrellsville 

*W.  T.  Smith Wilmington 

*T.  W.  Smithsou Rocky  Mount 

*A.  M.  Schultz Greenville 

*Herbert   Spear Kinston 

J.  W.  Stanley Wilmington 

E.  W.  Tatum Mount  Olive 

*C.  A.  Thomas Wilmingtou 

*J.  E.  L.  Thomas Tarboro 

*H.  K.  Thompson Wilmington 

R.  L.  Tomlinsou Wilson 

*J.   V.   Turner Wilson 

*R.    Weathersbee Wilmington 

W.  J.  Ward Weldon 

W.  M.  Ward Roanoke  Rapids 

E.  R.  Warren Goldsboro 

J.  Frank  West Roanoke  Rapids 

J.  H.  White Elizabeth  City 

*A.  P.  Whitehead Rocky  Mount 

*R.  E.  Williams,  5th Goldsboro 

*0.  L.  Wilson Kinston 

J.  H.  Yelverton Wilson 

W.  1).  Young Snow  Hill 


The  above  list  corrected  to  July  25,  lOoo. 

*  Indicates  members  attending  Chapel  Hill  meeting. 

Total  registration  Chapel  Hill  meethig  including  visitors,  o76. 


222 


B'uUetin  Norih   Carolina  Denial  Society 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  SOCIETY  SINCE  ITS  ORGANIZATION 


1875-76 *B.  F.  Ai-riugton 

1876-77 *V.  E.  Turner 

1877-78 *J.  W.  Hunter 

1878-79 *E.  L.  Hunter 

1879-80 *D.  E.  Everett 

1880-81 *Isaiali  Simpson 

1881-82 *M.  A.  Bland 

1882-83 *J.  F.   Griffith 

1883-84 *W.  H.  Hoffman 

1884-85 *J.  H.  Durliam 

1885-86 J.  E.  Matthews 

1880-87 *B.  H.  Douglas 

1887-88 *T.  M.  Hunter 

1888-89 *V.  E.  Turner 

1889-90 *S.   P.   Hilliard 

1890-91 H.  C.  Herring 

1891-92 C.  L.  Alexander 

1892-93 *F.  S.  Harris 

1893-94 *C.  A.  Rominger 

1894-95 *H.  D.  Harper 

1895-96 *R.  H.  Jones 

1896-97 J.  E.  Wyche 

1897-98 *H.  V.  Horton 

1898-99 C.  W.  Banner 

1899-1900 A.  C.  Liverman 

1900-01 E.  J.  Tucker 

1901-02 J.  S.  Spurgeon 

1902-03 *J.  H.  Benton 

1903-04 J.  M.  Fleming 

1904-05 *W.  B.  Ramsey 


1905-06 J.   S..  Betts 

1906-07 J.   R.   o'sborne 

1907-08 *D.  L.  James 

1908-09 F.  L.  Hunt 

1909-10 J.  C.  Watkins 

1910-11 A.  H.  Fleming 

1911-12 P.  E.  Horton 

1912-13 *R.  G.  Sherrill 

1913-14 C.  F.  Smithson 

1914-15 J.  A.  Sinclair 

1915-16 1.  H.  Davis 

1916-17 *R.   O.   Apple 

1917-18 R.  M.  S(iuires 

1918-19 J.  N.  Johnson 

1919-20 W.  T.  Martin 

1920-21 J.  H.  Judd 

1921-22 W.  M.  Robey 

1922-23 S.  R.   Horton 

1923-24 *R.  M.  Morrow 

1924-25 J.  A.  McClung 

1925-26 H.  O.  Lineberger 

1926-27 B.  F.  Hall 

1927-28 E.  B.  Howie 

1928-29 1.  R.  Self 

1929-30 J.  H.  Wheeler 

1930-31 Paul  Jones 

1931-32 Dennis  Keel 

1932-33 Wilbert  Jackson 

3933-34 Ernest  A.  Branch 


'■'Deceased. 


HONORARY  MEMBERS 

Adair,  R.  B Atlanta.  Ga. 

Austin,  J.  L Chattanooga.  Tenn. 

Beadles,   E.  P Norfolk.  Ya. 

Bear,  Harry Richmond.  Ya. 

Bland,  C.  A Charlotte.  N.  C. 

Bogle,  R.  B Nashville,  Tenn. 

Byrnes,  R.  R Atlanta  Southern  Dental  College,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Callahan,  P.  E McRae,  Ga. 

Carroll,  Delia  Dixon Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Cason,  W.  L Athens,  Ga. 

Collins,  Clara  C Atlanta,  Ga. 

Cooi>er,  George  M Raleigh,  N.  C. 


Containing  the  Proceedings  223 

Cowerdeii,  L.  M Hot  Spriugs,  Va. 

Cuthbertson,  C.  W Washington,  D.  C. 

Dale,  J.  A Nashville,  Tenu. 

Eby,  Joseph  D .54  East  62ncl  St.,  New  York,  N.Y. 

Foster,  S.  W Atlanta  Southern  Dental  College,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Goldberg,  E.  H Beiinettsville,  S.C. 

Gorman,  J.  A Ne^Y  Orleans,  La. 

Hardin,  W.  R U.  S.  P.  H.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Harrison,  G.  R Richmond,  Va. 

Hartzell,  Thomas  B 716  Donaldson  Bldg.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Heatwole,  T.  O Baltimore,  Md. 

Hill,  Thomas  J Cleveland,  Ohio 

Howard,  Clinton  C Atlanta,  Ga. 

Howe,   Percy  R Boston,  Mass. 

Huff,  M.  D Candler  Bldg.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Hughes,  C.  N Grant  Bldg.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Johnson,  H.  H Macon,  Ga. 

Kelsey,  H.  L Baltimore,  Md. 

King,  Otto  U 5  N.  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago,  111. 

Lambert,  W.  E Atlanta,  Ga. 

Maves,  T.  W 501  Donaldson  Bldg.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Malone,  R.  W U.  S.  Navy 

Milner,   H.   A Aiken,  S.  C. 

Moore,  S.  W Baltimore,  Md. 

Neil,  Ewell Doctor's  Bldg.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Netherlands,  Frank Asheville,  N.  C. 

Nodine,  Alonzo  M London 

Price,  Weston  A 8926  Euclid  Ave.,  Cleveland,  Ohi(( 

Quattlebaum,  E.  G Columbia,  S.  C. 

Rickert,  U.  Garfield Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Ruhl,  J.  P New  York,  N.  Y. 

Russell,  A.  Y University  of  Maryland,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Rutledge,  B Florence,  S.  C. 

Sheffield,  L.  Laugdon Toledo,  Ohio 

Silverman,  S.  L Fourth  Natl  Bank  Bldg.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Simpson,  R.  L Richmond,  Va. 

Summerman,  D.  H Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Smith.  A.  E Chicago,  111. 

Spratley,  W.  W Richmond,  Va. 

Star,  E.  L Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Stevenson,  Albert  H 376  5th  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Stewart,  H.  T New  York,  N.  Y. 

Stone,  A.  E Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Strickland,  A.  C Anderson,  S.  C. 

Tench,  R.  W New  York,  N.  Y. 

Thompson,   Webb Spartanburg,  S.  C. 

Tileson,  H.  B Louisville,  Ky. 

Turner,  C.  R University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Visanska,  S.  A Atlanta.  Ga. 


224  Bulletin  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Whitaker,  J.  D Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Wliite,  J.  A Williamstou,  N.  C. 

Wooding,  C.  E Winston-KSalem,  N.  C. 

Wriglit,  John  B Raleigh,  N.  C. 


ROLL    OF    LIFE    MEMBERS,    BY    VIRTUE    OF    HAVING    PAID 
DUES   FOR  TWENTY-FIVE   CONSECUTIVE   YEARS 

First  Distkict 

F.  L.  Hunt AsheviUe 

J.  B.  Little Hickory 

D.  E.  McConnell Gastonia 

J.  R.  Osborne Shelby 

J.  M.  Parker AsheviUe 

Second  District 

C.  L.  Alexander Charlotte 

J.  E.  Banner Mount  Airy 

J.   D.   Carlton Salisbury 

J.  W.  Carlton Spencer 

E.  G.  Click Elkin 

W.  J.  Conrad AVinston-Salem 

H.  C.  Daniel Salisbury 

H.  C.  Henderson Charlotte 

P.  E.  Horton Winston-Salem 

J.  G.  Marler Yadkinville 

R.  L.  Ramsey Salisbury 

W.  M.  Robey Charlotte 

C.  F.  Smithson Charlotte 

J.  C.  Watkins Winston-Salem 

Third  District 

J.   S.  Betts Greensboro 

W.  F.  Clayton High  Point 

N.  T.  Holland Durham 

C.  T.  Lipscombe Greensboro 

D.  K.  Lockhart Durham 

R.  T.  Nichols Rockingham 

C.  P.  Norris Durham 

E.  E.  Richardson Leaksville 

L.   T.    Smith Reidsville 

J.    S.    Spurgeon Hillsboro 

E.  J.  Tucker Roxboro 

J.   H.   Wheeler Greensboro 

Fourth  Distriit 

R.  T.  Allen Lumberton 

N.  G.  Carroll Raleigh 

A.  S.  Cromartie Fayetteville 

I.   H.   Davis Oxford 


Containing  the  Proceedings  225 

J.  M.  Flemiug Raleigh 

A.  H.  Fleming Louisburg 

J.  H.  Judd Fayetteville 

F.  W.  McCrackeu Sauford 

G.  B.  Patterson Fayetteville 

R.  M.  Squires Wake  Forest 

R.  W.  Stephens Ai^ex 

Fifth  District 

O.  J.  Bender Jacksonville 

J.  H.  Dreher Wilmington 

J.  R.  Edmuudson Wilson 

Oscar  Hooks Wilson 

J.  X.  Johnson Goldsboro 

S.   E.  Malone Goldsboro 

W.  T.  Smith Wilmington 

J.  W.  Stanley Wilmington 

J.  H.  Wliite Elizabeth  City 

J.  H.  Yelverton Wilson 


INACTIVE  LIST 


L.  V.  Henderson Virginia 

W.  F.  Maderis Charlotte 

H.  Kemp  Foster,  U.  S.  Government  Hospital Macon,  Ga. 

P.  L.  Pearson Apex 

J.  S.  Hoffman •. Charlotte 


DENTISTS  RECENTLY  LICENSED  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 

H.  L.  Allen Henderson,  N.  C. 

V.  A.  Black Charlotte,  N.  C. 

R.  T.  Byerly Cooleemee,  N.  C. 

C.  D.  Eatman Bailey,  N.  C. 

E.  L.   Eatman Bailey,  N.  C. 

W.  M.  Fowler 3316  Peachtree  Road,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

W.  R.  Hiuton,  Jr Greensboro,  N.  C. 

R.  N.  Hunt Lexington,  N.  C. 

J.  D.  Kiser Charlotte,  N.  C. 

E.   B.   Mackie Granite   Falls,  N.  C. 

S.  C.  Marks Acme,  N.  C. 

W.  M.  Mathcson Mount  Gilead,  N.  C. 

W.  T.  Oliver Chatham.  Va. 

G.   W.   Price Whitakers.  N.  C. 

J.  P.  Reeco Lenoir.  N.  C. 

A.  M.  Telfer 415  Linwood  Ave..  Rldgewood.  N.  J. 

W  .J.  TurbyfiU Asheville,  N.  C. 

H.  E.  Weeks Tarboro,  N.  C. 

G.  W.  Yokeley Winston-Salem.  N.  C. 


THE  BULLETIN 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  DENTAL  SOCIETY 

Vol.  XVII  OCTOBEE,   1933  No.  2 

Entertcl     as     Second-class     matter     as     a     quarterly     September     2G,     1931,     at     the 
postofRce,   Raleigh,   N.    C,   under  Act  of  Augrust   24,    1912 

Subscription    per    year $1.00 

OFFICERS 

DR.    E.    A.    BRAXCH,    President Raleigh 

DR.   L.    il.    EDWARDS,    President-Elect Durham 

DR.   J.    P.    JONES,    Vice-President Chapel    Hill 

DR.   D.    L.    PRIDGEN,    Secretary-Treasurer Fayetteville 

EDITOR-PUBLISHER 
DR.    G.     FRED    HALE  Raleigh 

EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE 

DR.   Z.  L.   EDWARDS.   Chairman   (1934) Washington 

DR.    R.    M.    OLIVE     (1935) Fayetteville 

DR.   XEAL    SHEFFIELD    (1936) Greensboro 


CAl^CER  CLINIC 

You  will  find  in  this  Bulletin  an  invitation  to  attend  a  course 
of  lectures  and  demonstrations  on  ''Study  of  Cancer"  at  Wake 
Eorest  College  on  December  1st  and  2nd.  This  courtesy  to  the 
dental  profession  comes  from  the  Committee  on  Cancer  of  the 
North  Carolina  Medical  Society  through  the  good  office  of  Dr. 
C.  C.  Carpenter,  head  of  the  Department  of  Pathology  of  Wake 
Forest  College. 

These  lectures  and  demonstrations  are  to  be  given  by  physicians 
and  surgeons  eminent  in  the  field  of  cancer  research,  study  and 
practice.  Among  them  are  Dr.  Joseph  C.  Bloodgood  of  Baltimore, 
Dr.  Hubert  A.  Royster,  of  Raleigh,  Dr.  J.  S.  Horsley  of  Rich- 
mond, Dr.  J.  W.  Cox  of  the  American  Society  for  the  Control  of 
Cancer,  Dr.  J.  P.  Rousseau  of  Winston-Salem,  Dr.  I.  M.  Procter 
of  Raleigh. 

The  incidence  of  cancer  is  on  the  increase  and  the  oral  cavity 
shares  its  burden  of  frequency.  It  is  hoped  that  the  dental  pro- 
fession in  North  Carolina  will  avail  themselves  of  this  unusual 
opportunity  to  become  better  informed  about  cancer. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


The  dental  profession  of  Nortli  Carolina  greatly  a})i)reeiates  the 
Avork  that  Dr.  Carpenter  has  been  doing  in  the  field  of  Pathology, 
and  especially  the  interest  that  he  has  taken  in  pathology  of  the 
mouth. 


Mark  off  December  1st  and  2nd  in  your  appointment  book  and 
plan  to  attend  the  Conference  on  Cancer  at  Wake  Forest  College. 
Cancer  of  the  mouth  is  not  uncommon.  We  must  better  equip 
ourseh'es  to  recognize  its  presence  in  its  early  stage  and  save 
hundreds  of  lives  that  are  needlessly  sacrificed  because  oui-  knowl- 
edge is  incomplete. 


QUESTION 


Does  the  dental  profession  fully  comprehend  the  magnitude  of 
its  task?  If  so,  is  the  quality  of  the  service  rendered  consistent 
Avith  the  knowledge  we  profess  to  have? 

As  important  as  the  restoration  of  a  part  to  normal  function  is, 
do  we  properly  evaluate  that  service  in  the  prevention  of  disease'^ 

Do  we  and  our  patients  look  upon  the  oral  cavity  as  a  biological 
and  physiological  part  of  a  biological  and  physiological  whole, 
subject  to  the  same  laws  of  groAvth,  development  and  disease  as 
the  whole? 

Can  we  visualize  the  result  of  the  patient's  neglect  and  our  own 
indifferent  service? 

Do  Ave  know  as  much  about  pathology  as  Ave  do  about  amalgam? 

What   is   your  concept   of  dental   service  ? 


Will  you  take  notice  of  the  advertisers  appearing  in  this  issue, 
most  of  Avhom  have  consistently  contributed  to  defraying  the  ex- 
penses of  this  periodical..  Your  attention  is  directed  to  them  for 
Avhatever  consideration  you  may  feel  justified  in  giving. 


INVITATION  TO  MEMBERS  OF  THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  DENTAL 

SOCIETY  TO  ATTEND  A  CANCER   CLINIC  AT   WAKE 

FOREST  COLLEGE,  DECEMBER  1st  AND  I'nd 

The  Committee  oa  Cancer  of  the  North  Carolina  Medical  Society  in- 
vites you  to  attend  a  two-day  meetiu.tr  for  the  study  of  cancer,  to  be 
held  at  Wake  Forest  College,  School  of  Medicine,  on  December  1st  and 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


I'lul,  lS)oo.    Three  sessions  will  be  held  daily,  from  l():(Mt  to  12:00  in  the 
mornin.ir.  l*  :00  to  4:00  in  the  afternoon,  and  S  :00  to  10:00  in  the  evenin,ti. 

The  clinic  will  be  conducted  by  Dr.  Joseph  C.  Blood^ood  of  the  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  and  Medical  School.  In  addition  tu  Dr.  Bloodgood, 
Dr.  J.  S.  Horsley  of  Richmond.  Dr.  Hubert  A.  Koyster  of  Raleigh.  Dr. 
J.  P.  Rousseau  of  Winston-Salem.  Dr.  J.  W.  Cox  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation of  Cancer  Control  and  Dr.  Ivan  M.  Procter  of  Raleigh  will  ap- 
pear on  the  program. 

You  are  invited  to  bring  to  the  clinic  any  case  that  would  be  of 
interest,  and  any  that  you  would  like  to  have  help  in  diagnosis  or  treat- 
ment. Do  not  hesitate  to  bring  the  case  even  if  the  patient  cannot 
appear,  or,  if  you  do  not  feel  it  advisable  for  the  patient  to  be  present. 
You  will  be  asked  t<»  present  the  case,  after  which  it  will  be  considered 
by  a  diagnostic  committee  composed  of  a  surgeon,  internist,  radiologist 
and  pathologist.  The  diagnostic  committee  will  then  present  it  to  the 
oijen  meeting  and  to  Dr.  Bloodgood  for  opinions.  You  should  bring 
microscopic  slides.  X-ray  pictures  or  lantern  slides  of  the  cases.  Special 
consideration  will  be  given  the  diagnosis  of  border  line  cases,  with 
special  reference  to  transillumination  of  the  breast.  Dr.  Bloodgood  will 
bring  with  him  lantern  slides  and  clinical  records  of  a  sufticient  number 
of  cases  to  keep  us  busy  even  if  no  cases  are  brought  by  the  individual 
physicians.    Hence,  we  will  not  lack  sutficient  material. 

Another  feature  of  the  meeting  will  be  a  display  of  the  exhibit  used 
by  the  American  Society  for  the  Control  of  Cancer  at  the  Chicago  World 
Fair.  This  exhiltit  includes  thirty  to  forty  wax  models  with  complete 
clinical  records  of  each  case ;  lantern  slides  and  films,  illustrating 
diagnosis,  prognosis  and  treatment.  The  Committee  on  Cancer  feels 
unusually  fortunate  in  securing  this  exhibit  since  many  other  states 
made  an  attempt  to  secure  it.  North  Carolina  was  placed  first  on  the 
list  and  it  is  to  come  here  directly  from  Chicago. 

The  committee  will  make  all  arrangements  for  your  comfort  while 
attending  the  meeting  if  you  will  only  give  us  a  cliance.  Meals  will 
not  cost  over  tifty  cents  and  a  room  for  the  night  may  be  secured  for 
you  that  will  not  cost  over  one  dollar.  Instead  of  having  to  .go  to  some 
distant  city  at  a  much  greater  cost,  you  can  attend  this  meeting  at  a 
minimum  cost  and  without  a  great  loss  of  time. 

Very  truly  yours. 

C.  C.  Carpenter,  M.D.. 
For  the  Committee  on  Caiieer. 


PROGRAM 

Study  of  Cancer 

Wake  Fori'st  College.  Scliool  of  Medicine 

Friday.  December  1,  VXiS 

10:00  a.m.     Lecture  and   Lantern    Slide   Demonstration — Dr.   Joseph   C. 
Bloodgood.   Baltimore.  Md. 
2:00  p.m.     Lecture  ;ind   Lantern   Slide  Demonstr.ition — Dr.   Bloodgood. 

Special  Discussion  ot  Malignancy  of  the  Oral  Cavity. 
.S:(M(  p.m.     Lecture  and  Lantern   Slide  Demonstration. 

Tumor  of  the  Breast— Dr.  H.  A.  Royster.  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
ilalignaiicy  of  the   Stomach — Dr.  J.   S.  Horsley,  Richmond. 
X'irginia. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


Saturday,  Decemhek  -!.  ID.'to 

l(>:0(t  a. 111.     Lecture  and  Lantern  Slide  Demonstration — I»r.  Blood.s^ood. 
Lecture    and    Demonstration    of    Transillumination    of    the 
Breast — Dr.  J.  W.  Cox,  American  Society  for  the  Con- 
trol of  Cancer. 
2:0!»  i).m.     Lecture  and  Lantern   Slide  Demonstration. 

X-ray  Diagnosis   and   Treatment  of  Malignancy — Dr.   J.   P. 

liousseau.  Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 
Use  of  Radium  in  Malignancy — Dr.  I.  M.  Procter,  lialeigh. 
N.  C. 
8:<K>i>.m.     Special    Lecture    and    Lantern    Slide    Demonstration  —  Dr. 
Bloodgood. 


Is^ATIONAL  MOUTPI  HEALTH  SURVEY 

Those  of  you  who  haA^e  been  keeping  up  with  the  deliberations 
of  the  American  Dental  Association  will  recall  that  for  the  last 
few  meetings,  the  feasibility  of  a  survey  of  mouth  health  condi- 
tions of  the  school  children  of  the  United  States  has  been  discussed. 
At  the  recent  meeting  in  Chicago  it  was  definitely  decided  to  put 
on  this  survey  in  every  state  in  the  Union,  and  that  it  be  done 
by  the  practicing  dentists  in  their  own  localities  and  neighbor- 
hoods. 

We  have  been  saying  for  a  long  time  that  eighty-five  per  cent 
of  the  school  children  needed  dental  attention  and  we  believe  we 
were  right  but  we  would  like  to  know  what  the  condition  is  today. 
Some  of  the  other  states  who  do  not  have  as  reliable  information 
as  we  have  would  like  to  know  their  condition  also.  This  Avill 
afford  them  an  opportunity  to  know  and  it  Avill  give  us  more 
reliable  information  about  our  own  condition  and  at  the  same 
time  we  can  find  out  as  to  the  conditions  in  other  parts  of  the 
country.  Erom  this  survey  we  will  be  able  to  tell  just  how  badly 
neglected  six-year  molars  really  are.  This  is  just  one  instance  of 
the  mouth  condition  that  will  be  revealed.  There  will  be  many 
others. 

If  you  are  really  interested  in  the  future  welfare  of  our  citizen- 
ship and  of  dentistry,  I  know  of  no  better  way  in  Avhich  you  can 
render  service  to  both  than  in  cooperating  with  this  movement. 
District  directors  have  been  appointed  who  will  direct  the  survey 
in  their  respective  districts.  Dr.  C.  C.  Bennett  in  the  First  Dis- 
trict ;  Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett,  in  the  Second  District ;  Dr.  jSTeal  Sheffield 
in  the  Third  District ;  Dr.  H.  O.  Lineberger  in  the  Fouth  District ; 
and  Dr.  Z.  L.  Edwards  in  the  Eifth  District.    County  directors  are 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  7 

being  appointed  as  rapidly  as  possible  and  will  be  notified  of  tlieir 
appointment  right  away.  Each  of  jou  will  be  asked  to  give  tAvo 
day's  time  in  the  schools  of  your  county.  These  will  be  assigned 
you  in  conference  with  your  county  director.  This  Avork  will  be 
done  on  Tuesday  and  Thursday  of  the  same  Aveek  all  OA^er  the 
State.  In  this  AA^ay,  you  aa^II  be  out  of  your  office  only  tAvo  days 
and  the  same  tAA'o  days  aa^II  be  used  by  eA'eryone  else  and  the 
AA'hole  job  AA'ill  be  completed  and  over  in  the  tAvo  days'  time, 
instead  of  draAving  it  out  over  a  long  period.  Blanks  for  the 
examinations  AA'ill  be  furnished.  This  Avill  be  a  ''labor  of  love"  on 
the  part  of  the  dentists,  and  Avithout  remuneration. 

Reports  from  different  sections  of  the  country  indicate  that  there 
is  a  hearty  response  and  enthusiasm  on  the  part  of  the  dentists  and 
I  am  sure  those  of  us  in  North  Carolina  Avill  enter  into  it  just  as 
willingly  and  enthusiastically  as  those  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 

E.  A.  Branch, 
Director  Division  of  Dentistry.  State  Board  of  Health. 


FORWAED!  MARCH! 

SomeAvhcre  I  recently  read  the  statement  that  there  is  no  or- 
ganization functioning  on  the  Worth  American  continent  Avhicli 
has  not  had  a  membership  loss  in  the  trying  years  behind  us.  I 
am  happy,  however,  to  be  able  to  refute  this  assertion.  In  spite  of 
the  depression  and  other  obstacles  through  Avhich  Ave  have  passed, 
there  has  been  an  increase  of  membership  in  the  jSTorth  Carolina 
Dental  Society;  and  it  Avas  a  source  of  a  great  deal  of  satisfaction 
Avhen  I  recently  received  a  letter  from  the  A.  D.  A.  congratulating 
the  Society  upon  this  feat. 

But  AA'hy  should  this  be  the  case,  Avhen  the  opposite,  by  all 
reasoning,  might  have  been  expected  ?  As  I  consider  this  question, 
there  are  many  things  suggested  as  contributing  factors.  Foremost 
among  these,  hoAvever,  is  district  organization  and  efficiency. 

I  attended  every  district  meeting  last  year,  and  their  programs 
Avere  unusually  good,  and  Avell  attended.  Some  of  them  Avould  have 
done  credit  as  a  State  Society  program.  This,  of  course,  did  not 
just  happen.  But  it  was  as  the  result  of  much  thought  and  woi'k 
on  the  part  of  the  district  officers  and  committees.  Too  often, 
their  labors  are  unnoticed  and  unsung,  yet  they  are  the  very  back- 
bone of  the  N^orth  C^arolina  Dental  Society.  They  cannot  be 
]n'aised   too  highly  for  the  unselfish   service  Avhich  they  render. 


8  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

But  what  about  the  iudividual  nieiubcrs  throughout  the  State? 
It  is  true  that  there  is  almost  no  member  of  the  Society  Avho, 
if  he  made  a  sincere  personal  effort,  could  not  bring  one  desirable 
member  into  the  Society.  It  is  the  old  question  of  personal  re- 
sponsibility. 

As  we  enter  into  another  year,  I  feel  that  we  can  do  so  with 
optimism.  Never  has  there  been  such  a  day  of  organization. 
Under  the  I^.  R.  A.  every  important  (and  some  not  so  imi)ortant) 
line  of  endeavor  in  the  nation  has  become  organized.  And  at  this 
time  when  there  exists  so  many  problems  vitally  affecting  the 
future  of  our  profession,  it  behooves  us  to  keep  up  our  morale, 
recruit  to  war-strength,  and  maintain  the  highest  possible  mem- 
bership. Let  us  all  pull  together  and  duplicate  this  increase  for 
another  year. 

D.  L.  Pbidgen,  ISecrefary-Treainircr. 

Xorth   Carolina  Dental  Socicii/. 


Washin.u'toii,    D.    V..    October    I'l.    1933. 

To  E-nviitirc  Officers.  TrKshcx.  Committer  on  Lcyisldtioii 

and  Corrcldti'iii.  (iiid  Others: 
My  deak  I  locTOKs  : 

The  developments  in  eoiuieetion  with  the  Dental  Laboratory  Code 
have  been  so  rapid  and  eontiie-tins  that  it  has  been  practically  impos- 
sible to  keep  up  with  all  the  changes,  but  we  respectfully  submit  the 
following  in  order  that  you  may  be  promptly  advised  that  the  hearing 
closed  last  miihiight. 

<Jn  the  loth.  Dr.  ISrownson  and  (  thers  fr<pm  ("alifornia  wired  reijut'st- 
ing  that  1  telegraph  the  State  t-^ociety  ottieers,  asking  them  to  wire 
(ieneral  Johnson  for  a  forty-tive  day  postponement.  From  teleplione 
and  wire  information.  1  realized  telegrams  of  this  nature  had  been  sent 
to  all  the  >>tate  Societies  Secretaries.  Very  soon  thereafter  Dr.  Cole 
phoned  that  the  hearing  was  scheduled  for  the  L'Oth.  eontirming  my 
information,  and  urged  that  I  arrive  in  Washington  on  the  ITth  if 
possible,  and  arrangements  were  made  accordingly.  In  this  phone  con- 
versation he  advised  of  the  receipt  of  a  wire  from  the  California  group, 
but  it  was  agi-eed  that  we  should  postpone  making  a  specitic  request 
until  after  a  conference  which  was  called  for  Tuesday  night. 

This  cpiestion  was  so  serious  that  I  advised  President  AVherry  of  con- 
ditions and  he  made  a  wire  in(piiring  if  I  thought  it  wcmld  I»e  advisaltle 
for  liim  to  come  to  Washington.  I  promptly  wired,  "Your  presence 
will  be  most  helpful.  When  will  you  reach  Washington V  Further 
telegrams  passed  between  us  as  well  as  between  he  and  Dr.  Camalii-r. 
and  he  reached  Wa.shington  by  plane  in  time  to  attend  the  conference 
Tuesday  night.  I  also  wired  Dr.  Pruden  to  join  us,  and  cnly  regret  that 
distance  made  it  impractical  for  Dr.  Brownson  to  come.  The  following 
were  present:  President  AVherry.  ^'ice-President  Harvey.  Drs.  Cole. 
Pruden.   Robinson,   P>rown,   Camalier,   Messner,    Wyman,    lOrickson,   and 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


Simkius,  President.  Vice-President,  and  Secretary  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  Dental  Society.  We  thoroughly  canvassed  the  entire  situation 
and  about  midnight  a  telegram  was  formulated  and  sent  to  the  secre- 
taries of  all  the  State  Societies.  The  response  was  very  prompt  and 
general ;  for  instance,  a  Secretary  of  one  of  the  Deputy  Administrators 
told  me  at  the  preliminary  hearing  on  Thursday  that  they  had  received 
telegrams  frt)m  forty-six  states,  and.  in  many  instances,  a  great  number 
were  received  from  each,  and  we  all  appreciate  this  cooperation.  The 
overwhelming  appeals  which  had  reached  all  of  us  were  to  oppose  the 
Laboratory  Code  in  its  entirety,  and  our  plan  as  developed  Tuesday 
night  was  in  support  of  this  procedure.  However,  after  we  came  in 
closer  contact  with  the  problem,  it  was  generally  recognized  that  a  code 
would  probably  be  adopted.  It  also  became  evident  that  the  proposed 
code  could  not  be  withdrawn,  neither  was  there  any  possibility  of 
securing  a  postponement  as  had  been  suggested,  but  rather  that  we  were 
face  to  face  with  an  immediate  serious  problem.  However,  our  program 
Tuesday  night  was  developed  as  being  opposed  to  a  Code,  but  we  insisted 
that  certain  provisions  of  the  proposed  code  be  drastically  modified  in 
the  event  that  the  N.  R.  A.  overruled  our  position. 

On  Wednesday  we  contacted  several  of  the  officials  and  our  reaction 
was  that  they  considered  the  dental  laboratory  an  industry  and  subject 
to  codal  regulations.  We  were  fortunate  in  conferring  with  Colonel 
Lea,  Assistant  Administrator  to  General  Johnson,  and  ^lajor  Paddock 
late  Wednesday  afternoon,  as  this  gave  us  a  better  insight  into  the 
attitude  of  the  administration.  Both  Majors  Paddock  and  Dickinson 
were  present  at  the  preliminary  hearing  which  lasted  all  day  Thursday, 
and  the  final  hearing  which  commenced  at  10  :00  o'clock  yesterday  and 
closed  at  midnight.  There  were  many  and  varied  arguments  presented, 
and  every  member  of  our  group  commented  on  the  fair  and  etficient 
manner  shown  by  the  officials  during  both  the  preliminary  and  final 
hearings.  Labor  had  several  representatives  present  and  made  some 
unreasonable  and  impossible  demands.  In  view  of  the  activities  of 
Dr.  Brownson  and  Dr.  Palmer,  and  their  associates,  we  sent  them  night 
letters,  and  I  incorporate  the  wording  of  one  of  these,  inasmuch  as  it 
was  agreed  upon  by  several  of  us  following  the  closing  of  the  case  last 
night. 

"Hearing  completed.  Case  closed  at  midnight.  Decision  will  not  be 
reached  for  probably  two  weeks.  Have  been  unable  to  report  earlier 
as  the  critical  situation  changed  hourly.  Large  labor  representation 
injected  unreasonable  and  impossible  demands.  Our  protests  against 
code  favorably  received  but  unanimous  opinion  of  group  is  that  a  code 
is  inevitable  due  to  administrative  policy.  After  a  week  of  intense 
strife  we  are  confident  that  profession  will  not  suffer  materially.  Presi- 
dent Wherry's  presence  was  a  dominant  factor  in  results.  Thanks  fov 
your  cooperation."' 

The  two  most  controversial  questions  at  the  close  of  the  hearing 
related  tf>  the  pay  and  hours  of  the  technicians  and  administration  of 
Code.  I  feel  justified  in  saying  that  provision  will  be  made  for  at  least 
a  skeleton  service  uji  to  noon  on  Saturdays,  and  that  nothing  will  b3 
contained  in  the  Code  that  will  in  any  way  interfere  with  private 
practice,  or  a  dentist's  technicians.  Tlie  question  of  the  one  man 
laboratory  was  a  serious  problem,  but  I  think  this  will  be  amply  safe- 
guarded. Drs.  Wherry,  Camalier,  Cole,  and  Brown  spoke  at  the  hearing. 
I  wish  that  every  member  of  the  dental  profession  could  have  heard 
the  appealing  and  forceful  presentation  by  Dr.  Wherry.  It  was  a  master- 
piece and  most  favorably  received. 


10  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


The   foregoing   should    present    the   strongest   possible   argument    for 
stimulating  a  concerted  campaign  for  increasing  our  membership. 
Respectfully  submitted. 

Homer  C.   Brown,    Chairman, 
Committee  on  Legislation  and   Correlation, 
American  Dental  Association. 


DE.  CHARLES  L.  ALEXAN^DER 

Died  at  his  home  in  Myers  Park,  Charlotte,  N.  C,  October  13, 
1933,  in  his  seventy-second  year,  from  an  illness  of  several  months 
standing. 

Dr.  Alexander  was  born  in  Mecklenburg  County,  February  12, 
1861,  the  son  of  Dr.  xlnzi  and  Martha  Wilson  Alexander.  His 
father  before  him  was  a  dentist. 

He  received  his  D.D.S.  degree  from  the  Baltimore  College  of 
Dental  Surgery  and  soon  afterwards  established  an  office  in  Char- 
lotte, where  he  continued  to  practice  until  a  few^  months  before  his 
death. 

Dr.  Alexander  was  a  natural  born  dentist,  having  inherited  some 
of  this  ability  from  his  father,  who  was  outstanding  in  the  pro- 
fession in  his  time.  He  has  many  inventions  and  methods,  which 
are  used  throughout  the  world  today.  Among  these  are  the  hood 
crown  and  the  inlay. 

He  was  President  of  the  N"orth  Carolina  Dental  Society  1891- 
92 ;  President  of  the  Southern  Dental  Association ;  Vice-President 
of  the  American  Dental  Association;  and  a  Fellow  of  American 
College  of  Dentists. 

He  was  twice  married,  first  to  Miss  Sue  Odom.  To  this  union 
two  children  were  born,  Mrs.  Floyd  Simmons  and  Mr.  Odom 
Alexander,  both  of  Charlotte.  His  second  marriage  was  to  Mrs. 
Evelyn  Burwell  Tyson,  widow  of  the  late  Thomas  B.  Tyson,  of 
Carthage,  N.  C,  who  survives  him. 

His  remains  Avere  interred  in  Charlotte,  October  15,  1933. 

F.  O.  Alfokd. 


MARRIAGES 


Dr.  John  IST.  Hester  of  Reidsville  and  Miss  Sue  Howard  Proffitt 
of  Roanoke,  Va.,  on  October  21,  1933.  Dr.  Hester  is  the  son  of 
the  late  Dr.  J.  N.  Hester  of  Reidsville. 

Dr.  W.  Howard  Branch  of  Raleigh  and  Miss  Lois  Watts  Saun- 
ders of  Bedford,  Va.,  on  August  24,  1933. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  11 


DISTRICT  SOCIETIES 


OFFICERS  OF  DISTRICT  SOCIETIES 

First  District 

President,  Dr.  Cary  T.  Wells,  Canton,  ^T.  C. 

Secretary-Treasurer,  Dr.  Clias.  S.  McCall,  Forest  City,  N.  C. 

Second  District 

President,  Dr.  J.  L.  Ashby,  Mt.  Airy,  IsT.  C. 

Secretary-Treasurer,  Dr.  F.  O.  Alford,  Charlotte,  E".  C. 

Third  District 

President,  Dr.  JSTeal  Sheffield,  Greensboro,  N".  C. 

Secretary-Treasurer,  Dr.  J.  T.  Lasley,  Greensboro,  IST.  C. 

Fourth  District 

President,  Dr.  S.  L.  Bobbitt,  Raleigh,  N".  C. 

Secretary-Treasurer,  Dr.  G.  L.  Hooper,  Erwin,  IST.  C. 

Fifth  District 

President,  Dr.  J.  E.  L.  Thomas,  Tarboro,  IST.  C. 

Secretary-Treasurer,  Dr.  Paul  Fitzgerald,  Greenville,  IST.  C. 


DISTRICT  MEETINGS 

First  District 
At  Asheville,  l^ovember  8th  and  9th. 

Second  District 
At  Charlotte,  October  23rd  and  24th. 

Third  District 
At  King  Cotton  Hotel,  Greensboro,  November  13th  and  lltli. 

Fourth  District 
At  Carolina  Hotel,  Raleigh,  December  4th  and  5th. 

Fifth  District 
At  Cape  Fear  Hotel,  Wilmington,  November  6th. 


12  'The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


FIRST  DISTRICT 


SECOND  DISTRICT 

MAYO  CLINK'IAN  AT  SECOND  DISTRICT  MEETING  IN 
C  HAKLOTTE,  OCTOBER  23-24 

Using  lauteni  slides  and  a  blacliboard  for  his  illustrations,  Dr.  Boyd 
Gardner,  internationally  known  dentist,  this  morning  addressed  the 
members  of  the  Second  District  Dental  Society  of  North  Carolina  in 
convention  here  as  the  main  feature  of  the  full  day's  program. 

Dr.  Gardner  is  head  of  the  Mayo  clinic.  Rochester.  Minn.,  and  is  past 
president  of  the  American  Association  of  Oral  Surgeons.  He  holds  the 
rank  of  lieutenant  commander  in  the  United  States  Nav.y.  He  is  well 
known  throughout  the  world  in  the  dental  profession. 

"Toda.v's  Opportunit.v  in  Dentistry"  was  the  topic  of  Dr.  Gardner's 
address  this  morning  at  the  Hotel  Charlotte.  He  told  of  the  importance 
(if  keeping  the  bones  of  the  mouth  in  good  health,  and  the  value  of  a 
Hrm  bone  structiire  to  good  teeth.  One  of  the  biggest  dangers  of  the 
attempt  of  some  women  to  maintain  a  slim  tigure  is  that  they  will  omit 
articles  of  food  from  their  diet  that  contain  minerals  essential  to  the 
good  health  of  the  bimes  of  the  body.  Dr.  Gardner  pointed  out.  Dr. 
Gardner  explained  to  the  dentists  that  it  is  their  duty  to  advise  their 
patients  concerning  their  diets. 

Following  Dr.  Gardner's  lecture.  Dr.  Ralph  Jarrett,  of  Charlotte, 
discussed  "New  Denture  Material."  Later,  Dr.  Walter  McFall,  chief 
of  the  dental  statf  of  the  Macon  hospital,  conducted  a  clinic  explaining 
children's  dentistry. 

The  feature  event  of  the  afternoon  sessions  was  another  talk  by  Dr. 
Gardner  when  he  spoke  on  the  "Extraction  of  Teeth"  with  special 
reference  to  ditttcult  extractions  emphasizing  the  advantages  of  the  use 
of  the  mallet  and  chisel. 

At  3  :3()  o'clock  this  afternoon  the  final  session  of  the  two-day  meeting 
was  held.  Dr.  C.  M.  Parks,  who  has  held  the  position  of  president-elect 
thr(Jughout  the  last  year,  was  installed  as  president  of  the  Second 
District.  Dr.  John  L.  Ashby.  of  Mount  Airy,  is  the  retiring  president, 
and  Dr.  Frank  O.  Alford,  of  Charlotte,  is  president-elect. 

]More  than  200  dentists  were  in  the  city  for  the  occasion,  with  a 
luimber  coming  here  from  South  Carolina  to  hear  the  lectures  by  well 
known  dentists. 

F(.llowing  a  banquet  at  Hotel  Charlotte,  a  business  session  was  held 
and  the  following  new  officers  were  elected  :  Dr.  C.  M.  Parks,  president ; 
Dr.  C.  H.  Nicholson,  of  Statesville,  vice-president;  Dr.  D.  W.  Holcomb. 
of  Winston-Salem,  secretary  and  treasurer;  Dr.  Harry  Keel,  of  Winston- 
Salem,  new  meml)er  of  the  executive  committee;  and  Dr.  T.  P.  William- 
sou,  of  Charlotte,  Second  District  editor  of  the  Bulletin.  The  Char- 
lotte association,  of  which  Dr.  D.  B.  Mizell  is  president,  acted  as  host 
at  the  banquet  last  night,  and  the  arrangements  were  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  Harold   Story. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  13 

THIED  DISTEICT 

OUTLINE  OF  THE  THIRD  DISTRICT  MEETINtJ 
Xeal   yUEFFIELD,   D.I)..S..    Prcsidoif 

The  various  committees  are  rouuding  out  tiiial  plans  for  our  Third 
District  Dental  Meetiu.s;:  whicli  will  be  held  at  the  Kin^  ('otton  Hotel, 
(ireensboro.  N.  V..  on  November  13-14. 

The  afternoon  of  November  13,  will  be  devoted  to  jidlf  with  Dr.  L.  G. 
Coble,  of  Greensboro,  as  chairman  of  tliat  committee.  Tlie  Country 
Clul)  course  will  be  available  to  the  members  and  the  event  promises 
to  be  a  real  treat  for  those  who  care  to  enter  the  tournament.  At- 
tractive prizes  have  been  secured. 

The  meetin.ij:  proper  will  begin  Mtmday  evening  with  a  banquet.  At 
this  session  the  mayor  will  extend  the  otficial  greetings  from  the  city. 
.Several  entertainment  features  are  being  planned.  Dr.  Samuel  F.  Kav- 
enel,  of  Greensboro  will  read  a  pai)er  which  will  deal  with  diet  and 
calcium  assimulation  in  children.  Dr.  Kavenel  appeared  before  our 
society  several  years  ago  and  all  that  have  heard  him  will  look  for- 
ward to  this  phase  of  the  program.  An  informal  dance  will  follow  the 
banquet  and  program. 

Koth  morning  and  afternoon  sessions  Tuesday  promise  to  be  very 
interesting.  Several  papers  will  be  given  by  local  essayists.  Dr,  S,  S. 
Jaffe.  of  Washington,  1).  C.,  will  be  the  principal  speaker.  Dr.  Jaflfe's 
subject  will  be.  '"Immediate  and  Full  Denture  Service."  Dr.  Jaffe  is  a 
man  of  national  reputation  and  his  clinics  at  the  National  Dental  Asso- 
ciation proved  to  be  the  most  interesting  in  his  tield.  The  afternoon 
session  will  ])e  devoted  to  the  local  clinics.  The  committee  has  been  well 
pleased  with  the  response  of  the  loc*al  clinicians  and  this  feature 
l»romis('s  to  be  instructive  and  well  worth  your  time. 

While  the  ladies  have  always  been  welcome  to  our  meetings  we  are 
extending,  this  year  a  cordial  invitation  to  the  wives  to  be  present. 
The  committee  is  striving  to  arrange  a  variety  of  entertainment  for  the 
visiting  ladie.s — the  banquet  and  dance  Monday  evening  and  bridge  Tues- 
day morning.  We  are  expecting  the  largest  attendance  that  we  have 
ever  had  and  without  your  presence  the  attend.mce  cannot  be  KHt  per 
(cnt. 


.Jl'ST  A  FEW  WORDS  ABOUT  THE  MEMHERSHIP  CAMPAKiX 

Did  y(.u  realize  that  the  luimber  of  non-members  of  the  dental  pro- 
fession is  e(|ual  to  that  of  the  members  of  the  National  Dental  Associa- 
tion? For  this  reason,  the  National  Association  is  s])ons()ring  a  mem- 
bershii*  campaign  for  1!)34.  and  to  cofiperate  with  this  move  the  State 
Society  saw  tit  to  pass  the  following  temporary  amendment  to  our  By- 
Laws  as  follows:  For  one  year  (that  is  from  .January  1,  15)34,  to  .lanu- 
aiy  1.  1U:',~>)  suspended  memliers  can  be  reinstated  by  the  ])ayment  of 
the  cun-ent  year's  dues  together  with  a  fine  of  five  dollars  (instead 
of  twelve  dollars  as  heretofore).  This  is  just  an  experiment:  and  the 
By-Laws  concerning  reinstatement  will  prevail  on  .Tanuiiry  1.  li).'!;").  un- 
less the  Society  sees  ht  to  renew  the  resolution  at  our  1!»34  meeting. 

The  discussiitn  of  this  resolution  also  ln-ought  out  the  ]>oint  that  if 
a  niendier  were  to  ap|)ly  for  r(>iiistatement  at  one  of  the  district   meet- 


14  21ie  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


iiigs  this  fall,  the  clues  collected  should  pay  his  1934  dues  instead  of 
just  the  remaining;  few  months  of  this  year.  I  believe  that  policy  has 
been  generally  followed  heretofore,  both  as  regards  new  meml>crs  and 
reinstated  members. 

We  hope  that  you  will  cooperate  with  us  in  building  up  our  mem- 
bership with  Desirable  Men.  Dr.  W.  F.  Clayton  of  High  Point  is  chair- 
man of  the  membership  committee,  and  I  am  sure  he  will  be  glad  to 
receive  the  names  of  any  that  you  may  propose  for  new  or  reinstated 
members. 

By  way  of  emphasis,  let  us  make  this  our  motto :  "Bring  a  new  mem- 
ber to  Greensboro  with  you  November  13-14."  We  will  iiromise  you 
that  we  will  show  you  a  good  time,  and  at  the  same  time  you  will  enjoy 
one  of  the  very  best  rounded  out  professional  programs. 

J.  T.  Lasley,  Third  District  Sccrctarij-TrcasHrcr. 


FOUETH  DISTEICT 

PROGRAM    FOURTH    DISTRICT    DENTAL    i^OCIETY 

Hotel  Carolixa,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

December  4th  and  5tii,  1933 

December  4Tn 

6  :30     Banquet — Toastmaster,  Carl  Goersch. 

7 :30     Entertainment. 

8:30     Motion  Pictures:   "Peristalsis  of  (iastro-Intestinal  Tract" — J.  D. 

Highsmith,  M.D.,  F.A.C.S.,  Fayetteville.  N.  C. 
9:15     "A    Few    Helpful    Points    on    Condensites"  —  Ralph    F.    Jarrett, 
D.D.S..  Charlotte.  N.  C. 

December  oth 
9 :00     Registration, 
9:30     Meeting  Called  to  Order. 

Invocation — Dr.   J,   Powell   Tucker,    First    P.aptist    Church.    Ral- 
eigh, N,  C. 
Recognition  of  Visitors. 

Greetings  from  N.   C.  Dental  Society — Dr.  E.  A.   Branch.   Presi- 
dent,  Raleigh,  N.   C. 
Greetings  from  Director  of  Districts — Dr.  !>.  M.  l^d wards.  Presi- 

dent-EIect.  Durham.  N.  C. 
Greetings  from   State   Secretary — Dr.   D.   L.   Pridgen.   Si>cretary- 

Treasurer,  Fayetteville,  N.  C. 
President's  Address. 
New  Members. 
Election  of  Officers. 
10:30     "Oral    Surgery,"    Illustrated    with    Lantern    Slides    and    Motion 

Pictures— S.  L.  Silverman.  D.D.S.,  F.A.C.D..  Atlanta,  Ga. 
11:30     "Orthodontic  Problems  of  Interest  to  the  General  Practitioner" — 

G.  Fred  Hale,  D.D.S.,  Raleigh,  N.  (\ 
12:00     "Some  Interesting  Points  on  National   jNIeeting" — W.  T.  Martin. 
D.D.S.,  Raleigh,  N.  C, 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  15 


11':!")     "National    Mouth    Health    Survey" — H.    O.    Lineberiier,    D.D.S., 

Kaleigh,  N.  C. 
12 :30     Lunch. 
2:00     "Maintaining    a    Professional    Vision" — A.    H.    Fleming,    D.D.S., 

Louisburg,  N.  C. 
2  :30     Clinics : 

'\Some    Helps    in    Casting    Small    Inlays"— J.    H.    Judd.    D.D.S.. 

Fayetteville,  N.  C. 
"Bridge  Work— A  New  Method  With  an  (_)ld  Tooth"— J.  K.  Ed- 
wards, D.D.S..  Fuqiiay  Springs,  X.  C. 


The  time  for  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Fourth  District  is  drawing 
nigh.  As  we  look  back  over  the  time  that  has  elapsed  since  we  last 
met,  we  can  see  whether  or  not  the  N.  R.  A.  program  has  done  for  us 
all  that  we  had  hoped.  We  must  admit  that  things  are  looking  brighter  ; 
confidence  in  institutions  and  in  individuals  is  being  restored,  and  more 
people  have  jobs.  Government  aid  will  soon  enable  the  banks  to  thaw 
some  of  the  frozen  assets  of  the  country  so  that  money  may  be  borrowed 
to  start  up  new  enterprises,  thus  increasing  the  buying  and  tixiug  power 
of  the  ijeople.  The  fixing  ix)wer,  or  investment  in  repairs  is  needed 
nowhere  more  than  for  the  teeth  that  have  been  so  sadly  neglected  in 
the  past  tw(j  or  three  years.  Certainly  the  economic  future  promised 
by  the  Blue  Eagle  organization  will  make  it  possible  for  us  to  carry 
out  a  better  program  in  preventive  and  corrective  dentistry. 

In  order  to  serve  our  people  best  we  must  attend  our  dental  meetings, 
rub  elbows,  match  wits,  and  compare  dental  skill.  By  cooperation  and 
mutual  help  we  share  our  best,  enjoy  the  fellowship  of  each  other,  widen 
our  range  of  service,  and  perfect  our  technique.  Thus  while  developing 
this  spirit  of  fraternity  we  sharpen  our  sense  of  gratitude  to  each  other 
for  the  help  we  have  received,  and  realize  a  kindlier  feeling  in  our 
hearts  for  our  patients — because  we  know  that  we  have  served  them 
well  and  have  no  regrets  or  cause  to  be  ashamed  of  the  service  we  have 
done.  It  has  been  said,  "If  you  would  make  a  friend  of  an  enemy,  ask 
him  to  do  you  a  favor."  And  this  truth  that  one  feels  a  more  friendly 
interest  in  those  whom  he  does  a  kindness  applies  everywhere.  Our 
work  will  go  smoother  if  we  develop  this  feeling  for  our  patients  by 
giving  them  the  best  service  that  we  can  offer.  When  we  are  as  in- 
terested in  doing  well  what  we  are  paid  to  do,  as  we  are  in  getting 
paid  for  what  we  do,  then  our  patients  will  be  pleased  and  we  will 
be  happier. 

Our  dental  meetings  are  planned  to  increase  such  satisfaction  cm 
tile  part  of  both  the  dentist  and  the  patient.  A  good  program  has  been 
prepared  f(n-  this  session  of  the  Fourth  District.  We  cannot  affcu'd  to 
miss  the  opportunities  offered,  to  cool  our  friendship  by  absence,  to 
lose  our  sense  of  gratitude,  or  let  our  technical  skill  grow  less  keen. 

So  boys,  come  to  the  Fourth  District  meeting  December  4tli  and  nth 
with  a  hearty  handshake,  a  warm  heart,  and  an  eager  mind  to  inspiri' 
and  be  inspired  for  the  great  task  we  have  before  us  of  saving  1('<'tli 
and   improving  health. 

K.  M.   SgriHEs. 


16  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


FIFTH  DISTRICT 

The  Fifth  District  Dental  Society  is  headed  for  Wilminutou  on  No- 
vember sixtli  for  the  annual  meeting  which  will  be  lield  in  the  Capt* 
Fear  Hotel.  This  is  scheduled  to  be  the  best  district  meetiu.i,'  we  have 
had  for  years. 

The  program  committee  owes  uuich  to  its  chairman  Dr.  H.  L.  Ki'ith 
for  his  efforts  to  make  this  a  strictly  Fifth  District  meet  and  has 
arranged  one  of  the  most  intei-esting  imtgrams  we  have  evi>r  luid.  Our 
district  always  turns  out  in  a  body  for  the  meetings  and  this  year  we 
feel  will  be  no  exception. 

Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson  assures  me  that  he  is  going  to  attend  the  district 
meeting  this  year  (he  has  never  missed  one).  And  by  the  way.  I  was  in 
Gene  Howie's  office  some  time  ago  wlien  some  ladies  came  in.  Geiiie 
was  telling  them  about  his  friends  and  especially  about  Dr.  Johnson, 
wliat  a  student  and  traveler  he  is.  so  handsome  and  quite  a  ladies' 
man.  one  of  them  interrupted  t(>  say  that  she  had  met  Dr.  Johnson, 
(Jene  says.  "Zat  .so.  jevver  hear  him  shoot  the  Bull'.'"  She  modestly 
replied  "I  didn't  know  that  he  was  a  liig  game  hunter  also." 

We  all  know  that  John  is  still  hunting  '"Big  (iame"  when  it  comes  to 
the  interests  of  the  dental  profession  of  North  Carolina. 

The  Wilmington  Dental  Society  will  entertain  all  visiting  dentists 
with  an  oyster  roast  on  Sunday  evening,  November  fifth.  We  will  leave 
from  the  Cape  Fear  Hchtel  at  7:30  o'clock.  Boys,  it's  up  to  us  to  whet 
up  our  appetites  and  be  there  on  Sunday  afternoon,  we  do  not  want  to 
disappoint  tliat  Wilmington  liunch.  they  are  practicing  up  for  the  big 
meeting  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  in  1934. 

So  come  on,  let's  go. 

Paul  Fitzgekald,  ASVc/c/r/n/. 


rU(  XiKAM   FIFTH   DISTIUCT 

Cape  I"ear  Hotel 
Wilmington 

Monday,   November  (i,   IJloo 


<)  :3()  A.  M. 

Meeting  Called  to  Order  by  the  President.  J.  E.  L.  Thomas.  D.D.S., 
Tarboro,  N.  C. 

Invocation.  Dr.  K.  F.  Keever.  Pastor  St.  Paul's  Lutheran  Church.  Wil- 
mington, N.  C. 

Address  of  Welcome.  W.  T.  Smith.  D.D.S..  Wilmington.  N.  C. 

Response,  O.    L.  WilsdU.   D.D.S..   Kinston.   N.   C. 

Roll  Call. 

Reading  of  Minutes.  Paul  Fitzgerald,  D.D.S.,  Secretary,  (ireenville.  N.  C 

President's  Address.  J.  E.  L.  Thomas,  D.D.S..  Tarboro,  N.  C. 

lntro<luction  of  (Juest  and   Visitors. 

10  :15  A.  M. 

E.  A.  Branch.  D.D.S..  President  of  North  Carolina  Dental  Society, 
Member  State  Board  of  Health. 


llie  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  17 

10  :3()  A.  M. 
'X-K:iy   lutcriirctatidu" — T.   E.    Sykes.   D.D.S..   (irtH'^nslxiro.   N.   ('. 

11 :00  A.  M. 
Gexeral  Clixics 

'Fractuir  of  Maiidihle"' — (i.   L.   Ovevman,  D.IXS..   (Jdldsboro,   X.   ('. 

•Flaskless  t'astin,i;"— J.  V.  Turner.  D.D.S..  Wilson.  N.  (\ 

"A  Practical  Method  of  Takin.i;  a  Mandibular  Impression  for  Full 
Denture" — B.  McK.   Jolmson.  D.D.S.,   (Jreenville,  N.   V. 

"Kadio.iiraiilis  of  Fracture  Case  of  Mandible  i^liowin<i'  Necrosis  and 
Sequestrae.  Followed  by  ('omi>lete  Keseneration  and  Consoli- 
dati(m"— ('.   A.  Thomas'.  D.D.S..   Wilmington.   N.   ('. 

•Koot  Canal  Techuic"— R.  F.  Hunt.  D.D.S..  Rocky  Mount.  X.  C. 

1 :00  P.  M. 

Lunch. 

AFTERXOOX  SESSIOX 


2  :00  P.  M. 

"Periodontia"— W.  ]  >.   (;il)bs.  I ).!).«.,   Charlotte.   X.   C 


Report  of  Committee. 

Report  of  Secretary-Treasurer. 

Untinislied  Business. 

Xew  Business. 

Election  of  Otlicers  and  Place  of  Meetiui 

Adjournment. 


SICKNESS 


Dr.  J.  S.  Wells  of  Reidsville  is  able  to  be  itp  again  after  a 
stroke  of  paralysis  about  three  mouths  ago.  Dr.  Wells  has  given 
up   his   practice   on   account   of   illness. 


FLEMING  DENTAL  LABORATORY 

Denture  Specialization 

Professional  Building 
RALEIGH,  N.  C. 


Dental  Protective  Insurance 

The  Group  Liability  Protective  Policy  for  the  North 
Carolina  Dental  Society  is  issued  by  The  ^^tna  Life 
Insurance  Company  of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  a  Com- 
pany with  assets  of  over  four  hundred  million  dollars. 

Write  us  regarding  coverage  and  the  charge  for  this 
protection.  You  will  be  surprised  at  the  low  cost  of  this 
insurance. 

MERRIMON  INSURANCE  AGENCY,  INC. 

tieiieral   Agents 

GREENSBORO,  N,  C. 


RO  T  H  S  T  E  I  N'S 

Offers  the  Profession 

Practical  Prosthetic  Experience 

Intelligent  Following  of  Your  Instructions 

Dependable  Service  and  Co-operation 

The  painstaking  attention  to  details  results 
in  an  artistic  restoration  as  well  as  one  that 
will  be  comfortable. 

Maximum  satisfaction-  is  ovr  desire  and  aim. 
ROTHSTEIN  DENTAL  LABORATORIES 

p.  O.  Box  1740  1616  K  Street,   N.  W. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


PATRON^IZE       OUR       ADVERTISERS 


PORCELAIN  ART 

JACKET   CROWNS  PORCELAIN   INLAYS 

$6.00   and    $7.00  $2.00    and    up 

PORCELAIN   BRIDGES  ROOTS   AND    SADDLES 

$16.00  $2.00 

HIGH  CLASS  WORK  EXCLUSIVELY 

This   statement   is   proven    by    satisfied    customers 
among  the  leaders   in  the   dental   profession. 

Natural    tooth    characteristics    duplicated    with 
skill   and   precision. 

Correspondence  Invited 

Manley  a.  Sparks 

DEXTAL   TECHNICIAN 

V.   <).   Box   77() 
First   Nationul   liaiik  Building  Atlanta,   Georgia 


The 
RoTHSTEiN  Dental  Laboratories 

ivish  to  thank 

The  Dental  Profession 

in  the  State  of  North  Carolina 

that  \re  hare  been  privileged  to  plaij  a  major  pari 

in  the  construction'  of  pi'osthetic  restorations 

for  the  past  twenty-five  years. 


ROTHSTEIN  DENTAL  LABORATORIES 

P.  O.  Box  1740  1616  K  Street,  N.  W. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


PATRONIZE   OUR   ADVERTISERS 


TO 


Dr.  W.  J.  Conrad 

A  man  loved  and  honored  alike  by  both 
the  iwofession  and  the  public. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Denial  Society 


DE.  WILLIAM  JOSEPH  CONRAD 

Dr.  William  Joseph  Conrad  Avas  born  July  7,  1856,  on  a  large 
plantation  near  Lewisville,  ]^.  C.  For  generations  his  ancestors 
were  outstanding  and  upright,  noted  for  their  piety  and  Christian 
character.  His  father,  Augustus  Eugene  Conrad  was  one  of  the 
most  progressive  farmers,  and  foremost  in  introducing  the  most 
modern  implements  for  his  tenants.  He  was  especially  active  in 
the  early  development  of  Forsyth  County,  being  for  years  chair- 
man of  the  County  Commissioners.  In  his  home,  noted  for  its 
Southern  hospitality,  Dr.  Conrad  spent  a  happy  childhood  with 
his  three  sisters  and  one  brother. 

He  received  his  early  education  at  local  schools  and  under 
private  tutors  which  were  provided  at  the  home  for  the  family  and 
relations. 

He  then  entered  the  Kernersville  Academy,  in  those  days  a  noted 
school,  which  attracted  quite  a  number  of  boarding  pupils.  After 
this  he  completed  his  education  at  Emory  and  Henry  College  in 
Virginia. 

He  became  a  dental  student  under  the  late  Dr.  C.  J.  Watkins 
and  in  the  fall  of  1876  entered  the  Pennsylvania  Dental  College, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1878. 

For  several  years  Dr.  Conrad  successfully  practiced  dentistry 
in  Virginia,  and  built  iip  a  large  and  appreciative  practice.  How- 
ever, in  1888  he  yielded  to  the  urgent  request  of  his  preceptor, 
moving  to  Winston-Salem,  where  the  tAvo,  with  a  large  practice 
Avere  associated  until  1900,  the  year  in  Avhich  his  associate  died. 
Since  then.  Dr.  Conrad  has  practiced  for  thirty-three  years,  enjoy- 
ing a  large  and  A^ery  desirable  j^ractice. 

On  July  26,  1881,  Dr.  Conrad  joined  the  jSTorth  Carolina  State 
Dental  Society,  since  which  time  he  has  been  a  continuous  active 
member  for  some  fifty-three  years  Avhich  gives  him  the  longest 
membership  in  the  society.  Dr.  Conrad  has  ahvays  been  an  ardent 
student  of  dentistry,  Avorking  long  hours  endeavoring  to  perfect 
himself  in  the  different  phases  of  dentistry.  Whatever  he  thought 
Avas  for  its  advancement  or  betterment  was  never  too  great  an 
effort  for  him  to  gladly  undertake.  As  a  result  of  this  concen- 
trated application,  his  natural  mechanical  ability,  and  his  love  for 
his  profession.  Dr.  Conrad  for  years  has  been  one  of  our  most 
skillful  operators.  Practicing  in  those  early  days.  Dr.  Conrad  Avas 
proficient  in  all  branches  of  dentistry  and  did  his  part  in  the 
development  of  the  diff'erent  specialties.    X-rays  sliow  up  bis  root 


6  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

canal  work  of  years  ago  in  favorable  comparison  with  the  modern 
technique.  His  amalgam  and  gold  work  during  all  these  years  is 
admired  by  those  who  see  it,  while  his  skill  in  the  use  of  cohesive 
gold  is  rarely  equaled.  For  many  years  his  work  will  be  admired 
when  seen  by  dentists. 

One  of  the  outstanding  virtues  of  Dr.  Conrad  is  his  humble 
modesty.  He  will  be  surprised  and  regretful  when  he  sees  this 
written  about  him. 

While  in  former  years  he  has  written  excellent  j^apers  and 
given  some  splendid  clinics,  he  has  never  cared  for  office  or  pre- 
ferment, always  declining  honors,  and  preferring  to  honor  others. 
For  years  he  was  an  active  attendant  and  interested  member  of 
our  dental  societies,  especially  the  Old  Southern  and  the  Old 
American  Associations,  later  the  JSTational  Dental  Association,  and 
the  Southern  Branch  of  the  JSTational  Dental  Association,  and 
lastly  the  American  Dental  Association. 

Dr.  Conrad  is  an  ideal  Christian.  His  best  efforts  and  pleasures 
have  been  along  religious  lines  in  and  near  Winston-Salem.  He 
was  a  charter  member  and  secretary  of  the  local  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and 
has  been  very  active  in  the  development  of  the  First  Baptist 
Church,  also  in  the  organization  of  the  Broad  Street  (now  Brown 
Memorial)  and  other  Baptist  churches.  For  twenty-five  years  he 
was  Superintendent  of  his  Sunday  School,  and  for  forty-three 
years  one  of  the  most  active  deacons,  leading  in  all  forms  of  church 
activities  and  today,  still  active,  is  loved  dearly,  highly  respected 
and  honored  by  his  church.  It  is  indeed  a  benediction  to  know  and 
love  this  quiet  unassuming  fellow  dentist  and  man  of  God.  Keen 
to  appreciate  their  significance  yet  undisturbed  by  all  the  changes 
going  on  about  him,  he  continues  along  his  pilgrimage  surrounded 
by  his  family  and  friends  who  wish  for  him  many  more  years  of 
life  and  happiness. 


THE  BULLETIN 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  DENTAL  SOCIETY 

Vol.  XVII  JANUARY,  1934  No.  3 

Entered     as     Second-class    matter     as     a    quarterly     September     20,  '  1931,     at     the 
postofRce,   Raleigh,   N.   C,   under  Act  of  August   24,   1912 

Subscription    per    year $1.00 

OFFICERS 

DR.   E.   A.    BRANCH,   President Raleigh 

DR.   L.    M.   EDWARDS,    President-Elect Durham 

DR.   J.   P.   JONES,   Vice-President Chapel    Hill 

DR.   D.    Li.    PRIDGEN,    Secretary-Treasurer Fayetteville 

EDITOR-PUBLISHER 
DR.   G.     FRED    HALE •. Raleigh 

EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE 

DR.    Z.  L.   EDWARDS,   Chairman    (1934) Washington 

DR.   R.    M.    OLIVE    (1935) Fayetteville 

DR.  NEAL   SHEFFIELD    (1936) Greensboro 


HEALTH  EDUCATION  IN  NOETH  CAROLINA 

On  February  20th  and  22nd  about  700  dentists  in  North  Caro- 
lina will  undertake  to  examine  the  mouths  of  200,000  school  chil- 
dren in  this  State,  tabulate  their  findings  and  make  the  reports 
through  the  prescribed  channels  to  the  State  Board  of  Health, 
Division  of  Dentistry. 

This  is  a  Public  Health  Service  of  the  first  magnitude.  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  this  mass  educational  program  will  result  in  a 
material  decrease  of  tkose  systemic  diseases  in  children,  the  etiology 
of  which  originate  only  too  often  in  the  mouth. 

The  Mouth  Health  Program  in  North  Carolina  enjoys  an 
enviable  record.  The  Old  North  State  was  the  first  in  the  Union 
to  put  on  a  State-wide  Mouth  Health  Program.  We  were  among 
the  first  to  have  a  dental  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Health. 
We  are  the  only  State  in  the  Union  to  have  a  dentist  on  every 
County  Board  of  Health  by  law. 

Through  the  interest,  energy  and  foresight  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Parrott, 
Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  and  Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson, 
dental  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  there  was  established 
a  department  of  Oral  Hygiene  on  equal  footing  with  other  de- 


8  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

partments  of   the   State  Board   of   Health.     Xorth   Carolina    was 
again  the  pioneer  in  Mouth  Health  work. 

Envious  of  our  record  in  Public  Health  work  and  appreciative 
of  the  fine  cooperation  of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  let  us  again 
push  a  little  further  the  frontier  of  dental  service  and  broaden 
the  knowledge  of  its  relation  to  general  health. 


SPLENDID  COOPERATION 

This  BuLLETix  would  not  be  complete  without  an  expression 
of  our  appreciation  to  Dr.  A.  T.  Allen,  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  his  Department,  his  Superintendents,  his  Super- 
visors and  his  Teachers,  for  the  very  splendid  cooperation  they 
have  given  us  in  jjutting  over  this  Mouth  Health  Survey  in  the 
State. 

We  hope  that  we  can  arouse  sufficient  interest  not  only  to  erase 
from  the  mouth  of  every  school  child  in  North  Carolina  any 
damaging  mouth  infections,  but  that  Ave  may  also  sufficiently  im- 
press our  people  so  as  to  prevent  a  recurrence.  When  once  the 
devastating  influence  of  diseased  teeth  and  diseased  supporting 
structures  are  thoroughly  understood  and  appreciated  is  it  not  to 
be  hoped  that  North  Carolina  will  have  fewer  repeaters  in  the 
schools  ? 

We  trust  that  our  eftorts  in  this  endeavor,  yours  and  ours. 
Dr.  Allen,  will  be  of  benefit  to  the  children  in  our  State. 


DENTAL  RELIEF  FUND 

The  Raleigh  Dental  Society  has  again  contributed  100  per  cent 
to  the  Dental  Relief  Fund.  This  is  the  fourth  consecutive  year 
that  every  member  of  the  Raleigh  Society  has  done  his  bit.  May 
the  editor  hope  to  have  jeports  from  other  component  societies 
of  Avhat  thev  are  doina;  in  this  connection? 


THESE  ARE  BABY  TEETH 

The  Mouth  Health  Survey  to  be  conducted  by  members  of  the 
North  Carolina  Dental  Society  in  the  schools  of  the  State  is  to 
determine  how  many  children  need  dental  attention,  how  many 
have  had  dental  attention,  and  the  number  who  have  never  received 
any  dental  attention  at  all,  as  well  as  find  those  who  have  lost 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


six-jear  molars.  When  tliis  information  is  gathered  and  given  back 
to  the  dentists  they  are  going  to  be  astonished,  but  the  parents  are 
going  to  be  ahirmed.  The  parents  Avho  are  able  to  take  care  of 
their  child's  mouth,  need  nothing  more  than  to  be  told  that  their 
child  needs  dental  attention.  This  will  be  done.  It  is  our  purpose 
to  send  such  notices  through  the  mail. 

The  day  has  arrived  when  we  are  going  to  have  to  pay  more 
attention  to  children's  teeth  than  we  ever  have  and  if  the  parent 
is  sent  this  notice  and  the  child  should  come  to  you  for  treatment, 
we  trust  that  you  will  give  him  the  very  best  possible  service  and 
every  consideration.  Some  of  us  are  continuing  to  say:  "These 
are  baby  teeth.  Let  them  alone,  they  will  soon  drop  out."  Some 
of  us  may  not  say  that  in  plain  words,  but  it  is  inferred  from  the 
language  we  use  and  by  our  acts.  These  all  mean  the  same  thing 
and  the  day  is  fast  approaching  when  mothers  are  not  going  to 
take  this  as  a  satisfactory  answer,  but  are  going  to  demand  the 
answer  and  proper  attention. 

We  are  depending  upon  you  to  make  this  activity  a  success. 
We  know  you  will  do  it. 

Ernest  A.  BrajStch, 
President  North  Carolina  Dental  Society. 


GENEEAL  LETTEE— AI^  ADEQUATE  SCHOOL 
HEALTH  PEOGEAM— FEBEUAEY 

Subject:  Integrating  Dental  Service  and  Health  Instruction. 

Purposes  and  Types  of  Dental  Services 

In  twenty-four  cities  and  counties  the  Dental  Clinics  are  noAv 
being  conducted  by  State  school  dentists  under  supervision  of  Dr. 
Branch.  In  all  cities  and  counties  of  the  State,  the  State  Dental 
Society  on  February  20  and  22,  1934,  Avill  make  a  State  School 
Dental  Survey.  The  purpose  of  both  activities  is  to  arouse  new 
interest  in  the  importance  of  healthy  teeth  and  gums. 


Materials   and   Instruction 

How  well  the  purpose  is  accomplished  depends  upon  the  quality 
of  the  teaching.  The  Dental  Clinic  is  a  real  situation  offering 
opportunity  for  vitalizing  the  mastery  of  needed  information  on 
the  health  of  teeth  and  gums,  the  improvement  of  health  habits, 


10  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

and  the  creation  of  wholesome  attitudes.  I  am  therefore  sending 
you  under  separate  cover  the  following  suggestive  materials  re- 
lated to  these  problems  for  the  use  of  your  teachers : 

(1)  Getting  Ready  for  and  Following  Up  the  Dental  Clinic. 

(2)  How  Do  You  Rank  on  Your  Dental  Health  Information? 

(3)  Publication  List  of  the  American  Dental  Association. 

I  shall  appreciate  your  letting  me  know  how  helpful  this  ma- 
terial is  and  your  suggestions  for  improvements. 

Some  Standabds  for  Holding  Successful  Dental  Clinics 

1.  Principal  and  teachers  know  date  of  clinic  far  enough  in 
advance  to  notify  and  secure  cooperation  of  parents. 

2.  As  convenient,  well-lighted  room,  as  possible,  made  available 
for  individual  consultation. 

3.  Children  anticipate  pleasantly  the  event  and  cooperate. 

4.  Regular  school  work  proceeds  without  interruption.  (JSTote: 
It  is  understood,  however,  that  consultation  with  the  school  dentist 
constitutes  a  period  of  health  instruction  and  should  be  so  counted.) 

5.  The  results  for  each  child  are  recorded  on  his  health  card  or 
on  attached  dental  card. 

6.  The  parents  of  each  child  are  notified  of  the  child's  dental 
status.    (To  tell  them  good  news  as  well  as  the  bad,  is  important.) 

Sincerely  yours, 

JUANITA  McDoUGALD, 

state  Department  of  Puhlic  Instruction. 

Editor's  note :  This  is  a  reprint  of  a  letter  that  went  to  the 
school  authorities  throughout  the  State  from  the  office  of  the  State 
Department  of  Public  Instruction. 


ABOUT  OUR  1934  PROGRAM 

Perhaps  it  is  natural  for  each  Program  Committee  to  feel  that 
it  is  going  to  put  on  just  a  little  better  program  than  have  the 
preceding  committees.  Anyway,  your  present  committee  is  as- 
suming just  that  attitude  as  we  progress  in  the  selection  of  ma- 
terial for  our  1934  meeting  at  Wrightsville  Beach.  And  I  do  not 
believe  that  we  are  egotistical  in  the  appraisal  of  our  work.  We 
cannot,  of  course,  at  this  early  date  give  you  a  full  and  complete 
outline  of  our  program,  as  some  of  our  negotiations  are  not  yet 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  11 

concluded.  However,  in  order  to  give  you  an  idea  as  to  what  you 
may  expect,  we  are  pleased  to  announce  that  the  following  men 
will  be  on  our  program : 

Dr.  Thomas  Conner,  of  Atlanta,  Gra.,  who  holds  the  chair  of 
Exodontia  in  the  Atlanta-Southern  Dental  College,  one  of  the 
outstanding  exodontists  of  the  South  and  a  clinician  of  exceptional 
ability,  will  present  an  illustrated  lecture  and  clinic  on  some  phases 
of  exodontia.  Di-.  Conner  has  many  "boosters"  throughout  the 
country,  and  if  he  is  only  half  as  good  as  they  say  he  is,  he  will 
then  be  plenty  good. 

Dr.  Sidney  S.  Jaffe,  Washington,  D.  C,  a  Prostlietist,  well 
known  to  those  who  have  attended  recent  meetings  of  the  A.  D.  A., 
and  Avhose  presentation  was  so  favorably  received  at  the  meeting 
of  our  Third  District  last  fall,  will  present — well,  let  me  quote 
him.  He  says,  "I  would  like  to  present  a  new  phase  of  denture 
work  this  time — a  method  of  obtaining  stability  and  absolute  com- 
fort in  flat  lower  mouths  which  have  absolutely  no  ridge.  I  have 
been  experimenting  with  this  type  of  work  for  some  time  and  now 
feel  that  I  can  present  it  to  the  profession  as  being  of  special 
value  in  this  field.  It  is  based  on  an  entirely  new  principle,  and 
as  far  as  I  know  it  is  quite  new.  At  least,  I  have  never  known 
any  one  to  use  the  method,  nor  have  I  come  across  any  reference 
to  it  in  dental  literature.  I  am  quite  enthusiastic  about  it,  for  I 
find  that  even  patients  with  fairly  good  ridges  all  claim  the  use 
of  this  principle  makes  ordinarily  comfortable  dentures  a  great 
deal  more  comfortable."  Now,  who  will  miss  that,  even  if  he  has 
to  be  brought  in  on  a  stretcher  'i 

Dr.  Harry  Lyons,  Eichmond,  Va.,  highly  recommended  by  his 
fellow  Virginians,  who  teaches  Oral  Pathology  and  Therapeutics 
at  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia,  will  give  an  illustrated  talk 
on  some  phase  of  Periodontology.  This  should  be  interesting  to 
the  general  practitioner,  as  it  will  include  something  that  they 
can  utilize  in  practice,  as  well  as  enter  into  a  discussion  of  the 
pathology  of  this  field. 

From  the  State  Medical  Society  Ave  Avill  have  Dr.  P.  P.  McCaiu, 
an  internationally  known  authority  on  Tuberculosis,  who  will  dis- 
cuss Tuberculosis  in  Children,  with  some  reference  also  to  Vin- 
cent's infection,  a  subject  Avhich  should  interest  every  dentist.  Dr. 
C.  C.  Carpenter,  Professor  of  Pathology  at  Wake  Forest  College, 
will  also  be  with  us,  and  I  am  sure  Avill  give  us  something  Avell 
worth  while. 


12  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Tlie  committee  trusts  tliat   its  efforts  thus  far  uieets  witli  the 
approval  of  the  members  of  the  Society. 

D.  L.  Pridgen, 
Secretary-Treasurer  iA".    C.   Dental   Society. 


THE  DE^TTAL  RELIEF  FUND 

So  many  inquiries  have  been  received  about  the  distribution  of 
this  fund  that  it  is  thought  best  to  publish,  for  general  informa- 
tion, the  rules  set  forth  by  the  American  Dental  Association 
governing  its  distribution.    These  rules  are  as  follows : 

Relief  Fund  of  the  Americax  Dental  Association 

"Any  member  of  the  American  Dental  Association  wlio  has  paid  dues 
for  at  least  five  years  and  whose  ethical  record  is  clear  is  eligible  for 
relief.  Of  course  it  must  be  understood  that  inasmuch  as  no  member 
pays  into  the  fund  more  than  a  dollar  or  two  a  year  he  can't  expect 
to  be  pensioned  for  life  be  he  ever  so  unfortunate.  The  fund  is  strictly 
a  Relief  Fund  to  tide  over  a  peritid  of  time  and  nuist  not  be  confused 
with  a  pension  that  would  cost  each  memlier  many  dollars  yearly  to 
support. 

When  relief  is  sought  by  a  member  he  or  his  friends  should  write  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Relief  Commission.  Dr.  John  H.  Cadmus,  l.So  Xorth 
Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago.  Illinois.  He  will  promptly  send  a  relief  appli- 
cation form.  The  applicant  or  his  sponsor  must  answer  carefully  every 
question.  (The  questionnaire  is  always  strictly  confidential.  No  pub- 
licity is  ever  given  concerning  the  recipients  of  relief.) 

The  completed  application  is  then  sent  to  the  Secretary  of  the  mem- 
ber's State  Society  for  its  consideration.  The  State  Society  officers 
investigate  the  application  and  decide  if  they  wish  to  make  a  grant 
and  if  so  for  what  amount.  Payments  are  seldom  made  in  a  lump. 
In  most  cases  the  grant  is  divided  into  montlily  payments  over  a  six 
or  twelve  months'  period. 

The  State  or  Local  Society  must  agree  to  give  as  much  as  the  A.D.A. 
Fund  is  asked  for. 

The  application  properly  signed  by  the  State  or  local  society  should 
then  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Relief  Commission. 

All  State  or  Local  Society  checks  for  relief  should  be  made  payable 
to  applicant,  mailed  to  John  H.  Cadmus_  Secretary,  185  North  Wabash 
Avenue,  Chicago,  where  they  will  lie  recorded.  The.v  will  then  be  for- 
warded, together  with  A.D.A.  Relief  Fund  checks,  direct  to  applicant. 

If  an  applicant  has  been  a  member  in  good  standing  for  many  years 
and  has  through  adversity  dropped  from  membership  he  is  still  eligible 
for  relief. 

The  aim  of  the  Relief  Commission  is  to  send  relief  to  every  needy 
member  who  asks  for  it.  But  every  member  in  practice  today  must  of 
necessity  do  his  full  share  to  build  up  the  Relief  Fund  so  no  member 
need  ever  be  refused  a  few  dollars  to  help  him  in  an  extreme  emer- 
gency." 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  13 

The  rules  are  very  simple,  but  the  questionnaire  is  compre- 
heusiA'e  in  that  it  takes  in  all  phases  of  your  finances  and  other 
personal  information  and  no  application  is  passed  except  after 
the  most  careful  investigation  of  all  information  obtainable. 

It  is  not  always  a  pleasant  task  to  refuse  an  applicant  but  the 
only  safeguard  the  fund  can  possibly  have  is  through  thorough 
investigation. 

Our  State  fund  now  amounts  to  about  $1,330.00,  $1,200.00 
being  principal  and  $330.00  beiug  interest  should  Ave  have  to  be- 
gin drawing  upon  it  in  the  near  future  it  would  be  our  hope  to 
at  least  preserve  the  principal  intact. 

J.  Martin  Fleming. 


THE  EALEIGH  PLAX  FOE  DEXTAL  HEALTH-SEEVICE 

A  committee  from  the  Ealeigh  Dental  Society,  after  several 
years  study  and  after  discussing  our  problems  with  nationally 
known  relief  agencies,  submitted  the  following  plan  as  a  solution 
to  our  local  dental  relief  problem.  The  plan  has  been  working  one 
year  and  has  the  unanimous  support  of  our  membership. 

The  Ealeigh  Dental  Society  Health-Service 

Personnel : 

Members  of  the  Ealeigh  Dental  Society. 

Uhjed: 

To  render  emergency  relief  and  health  service  to  the  indigent  of 
Ealeigh  and  Wake  County.  (By  emergency  relief  is  meant  the 
relief  of  acute  pain  and  treatment  of  oral  foci  of  infection.) 

Health-Service  Committee: 

A  committee  named  from  the  Ealeigh  Dental  Society  shall  be 
known  as  the  Health-Service  Committee  and  shall  have  charge  of 
the  health  service  and  relief  program  of  the  Ealeigh  Dental 
Society. 

Hoio  Patients  are  to  he  Referred  and  Assigned: 

All  patients  shall  be. investigated  and  referred  to  the  Health- 
Service  Committee  by  the  Associated  Charities  and  the  Wake 
County  Welfare  Department. 


14  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

A  written  request  for  dental  service  must  be  presented  by  each 
patient  to  the  Health-Service  Committee.  The  Committee  shall 
then  refer  the  patient  to  some  member  of  the  Society.  The  dentist 
renders  the  necessary  service,  free  of  remuneration. 

The  patient  then  signs  the  original  request  form,  stating  that 
the  service  has  been  satisfactorily  rendered. 

The  form  is  then  returned  by  the  dentist  to  the  Health-Service 
Committee,  where  all  records  are  filed. 

Funds — Hoiv  Collected  and  Disposed  of: 

Once  each  month  the  Health-Service  Committee  shall  furnish 
the  Associated  Charities  and  the  Wake  County  Welfare  Depart- 
ment an  itemized  statement  of  all  patients  referred,  the  nature 
of  the  relief  rendered  and  the  amount  due  for  the  dental  service 
rendered.  The  fee  agreed  uj)on  is  one-half  that  allowed  by  the 
North  Carolina  Industrial  Commission  for  similar  service. 

All  funds  received  shall  be  retained  as  a  Relief  Fund. 

Blanks  Used  in  Referring  Patients: 

No 


The  Raleigh  Dental  Society  Health-Service 
Date 


Name  

Address   

Has  been  investigated   and  is  referred  to  the  Raleigh  Dental 
Society  Health-Service  for  necessary  emergency  relief. 

Referring  Agency 

Signed  by 

Dr ,  you  are  hereby  authorized 

to  render  necessary  emergency  relief  for  the  above  patient. 

Signed Secretary, 

Raleigh  Dental  Society  Health-Service  Committee. 

The  following  emergency  relief  service  has  been  rendered : 
M  


Signed Dentist 

This  is   to   certify  that   I   have  received   necessary   emergency 
dental  service. 

Signed Patient. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  15 


The  blanks  used  in  referring  patients  are  printed  in  triplicate. 
The  original  is  kept  by  the  referring  agency.  The  other  tAvo  are 
taken  by  patient  to  the  committee  secretary.  The  secretary  fills 
in  the  name  of  the  dentist  to  whom  the  patient  is  referred,  he  keeps 
one  blank  for  his  files  and  instructs  the  patient  to  carry  the  other 
with  him  to  the  dentist  as  authority  for  the  work.  When  the 
operation  is  completed  the  blank,  properly  signed  by  both  patient 
and  dentist,  is  returned  by  the  dentist  to  the  secretary. 

The  colored  dentists  of  Raleigh  use  the  same  system,  hoAvever 
their  blanks  are  all  marked  "Colored  Division."  They  have  their 
own  secretary  and  retain  their  own  funds. 

Plans  are  uoav  on  foot  to  form  a  County  Society  and  extend  our 
plan  to  eA'ery  dentist  in  the  county. 

This  plan  is  workable  in  every  county  in  the  State  and  it  keeps 
the  control  in  the  dental  profession.    We  believe  the  dentist  and 
not  the  Welfare  Agent  should  control  dentistry. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

H.  0.  LiNEBERGEK, 

J.  Martin  Fleming, 

S.    L.    BOBBITT, 

W.  Howard  Branch, 

Committee. 


Editor's  note  :  In  each  succeeding  issue  of  the  Bulletin  there 
will  appear  a  page  filled  with  just  such  interesting  and  stimulating 
ideas  as  you  find  here.  Every  man  in  the  State  is  invited  to  send 
in  his  interpretation  of  "Professional  Spirit." 

PROFESSIOTs^AL  SPIRIT 

^  Our  D.D.S.  degree  signifies  accomplishment,  a  degree  of  prepara- 
tion, but  it  fastens  upon  us  a  responsibility — an  obligation  to  use 
our  education  in  the  never  ending  acquirement  of  greater  prepara- 
tion. 

Let  us  fulfill  this  obligation  to  its  utmost.  Let  us  do  honor  to 
our  profession  by  accepting  the  challenge  to  keep  abreast  of  the 
times,  to  read  and  study,  to  maintain  contact  with  other  pro- 
gressive dentists,  to  labor  hand  in  hand  to  prefect  established 
principles  and  develop  noAv  ideas,  to  cast  aside  professional  jeal- 
ousy and  selfishness.  May  Ave  through  mutual  effort  strive  to 
elevate   our   profession,    try  to   improve   on   each   operation,   help 


16  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


those  who  need  help,  give  our  best  to  organized  dentistry,  thus 
providing  a  better,  more  substantial  foundation  on  Avhieh  to  build 
a  successful  professional  life. 

Frank  O.  Alford. 


Dentists  must  assume  vigorous  leadership  in  combating  the 
reactionary  influences  Avithin  the  profession  just  as  energetically 
as  they  combat  vicious  influences  from  without. 

Wallace  F.  Mustian. 


The  practical  application  of  a  firm  belief  in  the  high  order  of 
my  vocation,  in  that  it  affords  not  only  a  means  of  livlihood  but 
also  an  opportunity  to  serve  by  alleviating  suffering  and  lessening 
disease  exemplifies  the  true  professional  spirit. 

W.  T.  Smith. 


Quoting  Emerson :  "Rather  let  me  do  my  work  so  well  that 
other  idlers,  if  they  choose,  may  compare  my  texture  Avith  the 
texture  of  these  and  find  it  identical  with  the  best." 

J.  H.  Wheeler. 


An  ideal  professional  spirit  towards  which  each  member  of  this 
body  of  ethical  men  can  and  should  Avork,  can  be  no  better  ex- 
pressed than  in  the  Avords  of  the  Master  "Do  unto  others  as  you 
would  they  should  also  do  unto  you." 

Ralph  Little. 


When  dentistry  realizes  that  excellence  lies  in  approximation 
to  par,  rather  than  defeat  of  an  opponent,  foxy  old  inferiority 
complex  will  be  dormy  at  the  first  tee. 

Gene  Howle. 


Fellows,  our  hats  are  off  to  the  men  of  our  profession  who 
have  the  real  Professional  Spirit.  It  is  possessed  by  men  who  have 
the  general  welfare  and  health  of  their  patients  foremost  in  their 
hearts.   It  is  admired  and  respected  by  every  walk  of  life.    It  has 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  17 

the  earmarks  of  cultured  professional  gentlemen.  This  is  not 
ahvays  a  gift  from  on  High  but  is  an  admirable  trait  that  can 
be  acquired.  Those  who  have  acquired  it,  haA^e  done  so  through 
the  love  of  the  profession,  constant  and  diligent  study,  improve- 
ment in  technique  and  by  attending  dental  meetings,  and  asso- 
ciating Avith  other  professional  men.  Let  us  all  strive  to  cultivate 
a  real  Professional  Spirit  so  that  Dental  Health  Service  may  be 
even  more  appreciated  in  JSTorth  Carolina. 

John   A.   McClung,   D.D.S. 


A  THOUGHT 


Yesterday,  Avliile  awaiting  to  fill  an  engagement  with  a  friend 
Avho  Avas  to  meet  me  at  an  up-tOAvn  barber  shop,  one  of  those 
"For  White  Only"  shops  maintained  solely  by  ISTegroees,  the 
following  Avas  heard  and  seen. 

A  middle-aged,  rather  poorly  dressed  but  intelligent  looking 
Avoman  came  in  leading  behind  her  an  over-petted  but  painfully 
neglected  boy  about  nine  years  old.  Besides  enough  hair  on  his 
head  for  tAvo  boys  his  size,  he  had  an  intensely  inflamed  sty  on 
the  upper  lid  of  the  left  eye.  It  gave  evidence  of  need  for  instant 
attention  and  shoAved  that  it  long  since  should  have  received  medi- 
cal aid.   The  whole  loAver  lid  Avas  a  mass  of  herpes  labialis. 

When  he  had  been  seated  in  the  chair,  a  big  fat  ISTegro  barber 
appeared  and  took  a  peep  at  the  bad  eye.  After  touching  it  Avith 
his  uuAvashed  hand  he  remarked,  "It's  'bout  ready  to  open,  ain't 
hit  ?" 

Said  the  Avoman,  'T  believe  so,  Avould  you  take  him  to  a  doctor? 
I  didn't  know  Avhat  to  do." 

"i^aw,  uaw,"  said  the  N^egro,  "Jest  take  a  pin  and  open  hit 
yourself."    That  seemed  to  suffice  for  the  eye  trouble. 

Then  the  mother  said  to  the  child,  "Has  your  tooth  stopt  hurting 
yet."  To  which  a  negatiA^e  answer  Avas  given  and  she  rejoined, 
"Well,  AA^e'll  putt  somethin'  in  it  Avhen  you  get  back  to  the  house." 

By  means  Avhich  are  too  difficult  to  describe  here,  that  child's 
mouth  Avas  later  examined  casually.  It  Avas  one  of  those  putrid 
mouths  Avhich  often  folloAvs  a  case  of  measles,  for  the  child  Avas 
then  convalescing  from  that  malady.  The  tAVO  mandibular  six- 
year  molars  revealed  disastrous  cavities.  Seven  other  teeth  were 
decayed.  The  child  had  visited  a  dentist  last  summer.  It  was 
learned  by  further  questions  that  someone  other  than  the  pathet- 


18  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

ioally  ignorant  mother  had  not  properly  fulfilled  his  duty  toward 
that  child,  who  is  a  bright  little  fellow. 

Gentlemen,  this  is  just  one  of  the  many  thousands  of  problems 
which  face  us  as  dentists.  Shall  we  pussy-foot  the  child's  dental 
needs,  or  shall  we  face  them  with  the  best  that  is  in  us,  cour- 
ageously and  Avitli  integrity. 

R.  Philip  Melvin,  Chairman  Program 
Committee  Section  of  Children's  Dentist nj. 


Dr.  Wallace  F.  Mustian  of  Warrenton  is  spending  some  time  in 
the  Oral  Surgery  Clinic  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  Xew  York  City. 


Dr.  Frank  O.  Alford  of  Charlotte,  has  been  invited  to  appear  on 
the  program  of  the  Seventieth  Annual  Winter  Meeting  of  the 
Chicago  Dental  Society  to  be  held  in  Chicago  February  2<3th  to 
March  1st. 


ANNOUNCEMENTS 


The  Chicago  Dental  Society 

Invites  Every  A.D.A.  Member  to  Attend  its 

'     Seventieth  Annual  Mid-Winter  Meeting 

to  be  held  at 

The  Stevens  Hotel 

February  26,  27.  28.  and  March  1.  1934 

An  Opportunity  for  a  Practical 

Mid-Winter  Holiday— Make  the  Most  of  it ! 


The  Tennessee  State  Dental  Association  will  hold  its  sixty-seventh 
annual  meeting  April  26th,  2Tth.  and  2Sth.  1934.  Patten  Hotel.  Chat- 
tanooga, Tennessee. — Dr.  E.  J.  Justis.  Secretary. 


Twentieth  Session  of  the  Thomas  P.  Hinm:in  Midwinter  Clinic,  At- 
lanta Biltmore  Hotel.  Atlanta.  <ia..  March  12-13.  1934.  Membership 
fee  $10.00. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  19 

FIVE   STATE   POST   GRADUATE   CLINIC 

March  19,  20,  21st,  1934 

Shokeham    Hotel  Washington,   D.   C. 

The  District  of  Columbia  Dental  Society  will  be  host  to  the  members 
of  the  State  Societies  of  Delaware,  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  West 
Virginia  and  Virginia. 

Three  days  of  intensive  instruction  on  Dental  Caries,  Children's 
Dentistry,  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris,  Prostethics  and  other  selected  phases 
of  modern  dentistry  by  the  outstanding  men  of  both  Canada  and  the 
United  States. 


THE  BUREAU  OF  PUBLIC  RELATIONS  OF  THE  AMERICAN 

DENTAL  ASSOCIATION  ANNOUNCES  A  NEW  BOOKLET 

ON  'THE  CARE  OF  CHILDREN'S  TEETH" 

Every  member  of  the  North  Carolina  State  Dental  Society  will  be 
glad  to  learn  that  a  new  booklet  on  "The  Care  of  Children's  Teeth"  is 
being  distributed  by  the  Bureau  of  Public  Relations,  American  Dental 
Association,  212  East  Superior  Street^  Chicago,  Illinois.  This  booklet 
is  thirty-two  pages  in  length,  it  is  written  in  lay  language,  and  it  is 
graphically  illustrated  with  eighty  photographs  of  actual  cases  and 
models.  It  is  the  most  up-to-date  and  authentic  book  of  its  kind  ever 
published.  Furthermore,  it  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  publi- 
cation issued  by  organized  dentistry  to  bear  the  approval  of  both  the 
American  Dental  Association  and  the  United  States  Public  Health 
Service. 

Dentists  will  find  it  indispensable  in  their  private  practices.  In  fact, 
they  will  probably  want  to  give  one  to  the  parents  of  every  child  patient. 
Hygienists,  nurses,  school  principals,  and  others  interested  in  health 
work  will  find  it  an  excellent  text  and  reference  book. 

A  brief  description  of  this  new  booklet,  its  table  of  contents,  and  a 
few  of  its  illustrations,  appears  in  the  December  issue  of  the  Journal 
of  the  American  Dental  Association.  An  editorial  concerning  it  also 
appears  in  the  same  issue.  Copies  will  be  supplied  by  the  Bureau  of 
Public  Relations  at  cost  of  printing  and  mailing.  Single  copies  sell  for 
10c,  12  copies— $1.00,  50  copies— $4.00,  100  copies— $7.50,  500  copies— 
$25.00. 


20  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


DISTRICT  SOCIETIES 


DISTEICT  SOCIETY  OFFICEKS 

First   District 

President A.  C.  Current 

Presideiit-Elect J.  F.  Reece 

Vice-Presideut D.  H.  Crawford 

Seeretary-Ti-easurer C.   S.  McCall 

Editor S.  E.  Moser 

'A.  C.  Current 


Delegates .< 


R.  A.  Little 
S.  E.  Moser 
J.  A.  Young 
C.  S.  McCall 


Second  District 

President C.  M.  Parks 

President-Eleet F.  O.  Alford 

Vice-President J.  H.  Nicholson 

Secretary-Treasurer D.  W.  Holcomb 

f  Burke  W.  Fox 
Harry  Keel 
E.  S.  Hamilton 

C.  M.  Parks 

D.  W.  Holcomb 


Delegate* 


Third   District 

President C.   I.  Miller- 

President-EIect T.  E.  Sikes 

Secretary-Treasurer J.  T.  Lasley 

Editor..... E.  M.  Medlin 

TT.  E.  Sikes 

Delegates J  ^-  T-  Lasley 

O.  L.  Presnell 

D.  K.  Lock  HART 


Fourth   District 

President I.  H.  Hoyle 

President-EIect G.  L.  Hooper 

Vice-President J.  W.  Branham 

Secretary-Treasurer L.  J.  Moore 

Editor R.  M.  Squires 

fl.  H.  Hoyle 
L.  J.  Moore 

Delegates -l  j.  w.  Whitehead 

A.  H.  Fleming 
Wilbert  Jackson 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  21 


Fifth    District 

President H.  K.  Thompsox 

Presideut-Elect Paul  Fitzgerald 

Vice-Presideut O.  J.  Bender 

Secretary-Treasurer W.  L.  Hand 

H.  K.  Thompson 
W.  L.  Hand 
Delegates _J  j.  x.  Johnson 

H.  L.  Keith 
H.  E.  Nixon 


i; 


FIRST  DISTRICT 

It  isn't  necessary  for  me  or  anyone  else  to  waste  time  in  formulating 
an  argument  in  favor  of  unity  or  organization.  The  power  of  organi- 
zation is  already  a  known  and  admitted  fact,  and  right  now  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  U.  S.  A.  is  using  all  his  faculties  in  an  effort  to  harmonize 
the  forces  of  a  hundred  and  twenty  million  people.  He  well  knows 
that  it  is  only  through  an  organized  mcvement  that  the  principle  of 
square  dealing  in  business  relations  throughout  the  length  and  breadth 
of  our  country  can  be  established.  No  matter  how  big  you  are  or  how 
high  your  ideals  may  be.  Organized  Dentistry  can  help  you  and  will 
help  you  whether  you  join  in  its  activities  or  whether  you  choose  to 
remain  outside.  On  the  other  hand,  it  doesn't  matter  how  little  you 
may  feel  or  how  remote  ma.v  be  your  geographic  location,  you  can  still 
be  a  help  to  Organized  Dentistry :  and  Organized  Dentistry  needs  you. 

Dentistry  as  it  stands  today,  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  scientific 
professions,  has  come  to  merit  this  position  through  the  pioneers  of 
organization  plus  the  efforts  of  those  who  have  carried  on  to  this  good 
day ;  and  we  can  only  hope  to  move  to  still  higher  planes  of  achievement 
b.v  a  continuation  of  cooperative  effort.  It  is  my  sincere  wish  that  every 
ethical  practicing  dentist  in  Western  North  Carolina,  who  is  not  already 
a  member  of  our  District  and  State  Society,  will  .ioin  and  become  active 
in  the  activities  of  our  Society.  Not  so  much  because  of  the  Society's 
need  of  your  support.  l>ut  more  particularly  because  of  the  benefits  you 
will  receive  1)y  being  an  active  member  of  Organized  Dentistry. 

It  is  with  a  great  deal  of  pride  and  appreciation  that  I  mention  some 
of  the  new  life  and  energy  that  is  being  manifest  in  local  organizations 
throughout  our  District.  Tlie  counties  of  Burke.  Caldwell,  and  Catawba 
are  organized  under  a  Tri-Country  Organization  that  meets  monthly, 
and  it  was  my  happy  privilege  to  attend  one  of  these  meetings  when 
one  of  the  local  dentists  put  on  a  clinic  that  would  do  honor  to  any 
State  meeting.  The  city  of  Asheville  has  a  Study  Club  of  more  than 
twenty  in  memliersliip  which  promises  much  in  the  way  of  progressive 
organization  in  that  part  of  our  territory.    You  will  hear  pleasantly  in 


22  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


the  future  of  the  activities  in  and  around  Asheville.  The  cild  (iaston 
County  Dental  Society  has  been  aroused  from  her  jicneral  anesthetic. 
Slie  lias  been  completely  reorganized  and  placed  on  a  basis  of  monthly 
activity.  In  fact  we  reserve  the  riiiht  to  meet  more  often  than  once  a 
month,  particularly  when  the  oysters  are  extra  lu'ood.  Rutherford  County 
once  had  the  most  active  society  in  our  District,  and  we  have  every 
reason  to  believe  that  it  will  soon  be  on  a  very  active  basis  again.  Some 
mighty  good  men  are  putting  out  some  extra  good  dentistry  in  those 
parts  and  you  are  going  to  hear  more  from  these  men  as  the  days 
come  and  go. 

May  I  take  this  opportunity  to  express  to  the  membership  of  the 
First  District  my  appreciation  of  the  renewed  activity  which  is  already 
being  manifest,  and  to  assure  each  and  every  dentist  in  our  District 
of  my  willingness  to  cooperate  in  any  way  possible  in  any  and  all 
activities  which  have  for  their  purpose  the  promotion  of  better  and 
broader  dental  service  to  Western  North  Carolina.  We  do  not  wish  for 
any  one  to  think  that  we  are  selfish  in  saying  so  much  about  our  in- 
terests in  the  First  District  for  we  believe  that  what  ever  helps  our 
District  will  help  the  whole,  and  we  believe  further  that  the  outside 
world  helps  those  who  help  themselves. 

Many  thanks  Mr.  Editor  for  the  invitation  to  liring  a  few  thoughts 

from  the  First  District. 

A.  C.  Current, 

President  First  District. 


What  is  all  this  talk  about  Panel  Dentistry?  What  is  all  this  talk 
about  State  and  Insurance  Dentistry?  Is  all  this  propaganda  coming 
from  those  who  have  oratorical  or  journalistic  aspirations,  or  is  it  a 
serious  and  potent  problem  confronting  the  dental  and  medical  pro- 
fessions? Is  it  possible  that  our  legislative  bodies  would  step  in  and 
enact  laws  on  our  statute  books  that  will  perilously  approach  or  be 
comparable  to  the  dole  system?  Is  it  ix)ssible  or  even  probable  that  our 
governing  bodies  would  install  a  system  that  would  suppress  or  dis- 
courage individual  initiative?  Is  it  possible  that  during  these  social 
and  economic  revolutionary  changes  that  are  taking  place,  that  we  are 
going  to  make  "human  leeches"  out  of  what  was  once  a  self-reliant 
people?  If  all  this  is  possible  or  probable,  then  is  there  anything  that 
can  be  done  to  forestall  its  coming?  These  are  questions  that  you  and  I 
and  every  other  serious-minded  dentist  must  seriously  consider.  If 
you  have  not  been  reading  and  studying  these  potential  problems,  then 
it  is  high  time  that  you  familiarize  yourself  with  these  possibilities. 
In  the  short  space  allotted  to  me,  it  would  be  impossible  to  answer 
even  the  first  two  questions,  assuming  that  I  could. 

With  respect  to  State  dentistry,  the  tremendous  impetus  given  to  this 
recent  matter  of  appropriating  huge  sums  of  money  for  medical  and 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  23 


dental  services  lias  resulted  in  what  luinlit  he  termed  as  "adA-erse  mass 
psychology."  In  other  words,  this  same  lay  public  who  reads  an  occa- 
sional newspaper  or  magazine  has  been  made  C(  nscious  of  the  existence 
of  the  "'Committee  on  the  Cost  of  Medical  Care.""  They  overlook  the 
fact  that  there  is  a  large  precentage  of  physicians  and  dentists  who  do 
not  make  a  decent  living  cut  of  their  profession. 

The  physicians  were  the  first  to  bear  the  brunt  of  this  adverse  pub- 
licity and  we  as  dentists  sat  back  in  smug  complacency  and  decided 
that  they  must  solve  their  own  problems  :  however,  it  did  not  take  us 
long  to  decide  that  whatever  affected  them  would  ultimately  affect  us 
and  that  we  share  a  common  fate.  As  has  been  stated,  we  are  under- 
going s:me  revolutionary  changes  in  this  country  and  there  is  a 
socialistic  tendency  that  can  be  felt  in  the  atmosphere.  We  have  all 
been  led  to  believe  that  this  Avord  was  not  near  so  dangerous  as  we 
once  thought.  We  hear  on  the  street  corner  and  in  every  place  of 
public  gathering  about  the  matter  of  "equitable  public  distribution.'" 
There  are  certain  social  and  economic  laws  that  must  necessarily  be 
thrown  into  the  "junk  heap,"  and  conversely,  there  are  certain  social 
and  economic  laws  that  have  been  responsible  for  our  rapid  and  pro- 
gressive development  and  should  not  even  be  modified. 

This  might  be  termed  as  Utopia,  but  it  is  my  firm  conviction  that  in 
the  not  too  distant  future,  labor  will  receive  a  wage  sufficient  to  cover 
all  expenditures,  and  one  which  will  guarantee  a  decent  standard  of 
living ;  and  then  it  will  be  possible  for  him  to  pay  his  own  dental  and 
medical  bills,  thus  retaining  his  self-respect. 

This  brings  us  to  one  thing :  Already  the  reverberations  of  social 
legislation  as  a  permanent  thing  is  to  be  heard.  This  condition  always 
follows  an  economic  depression.  The  matter  of  public  rights  together 
with  private  and  professional  rights  are  questioned.  We  can  only 
protect  ourselves  from  this  wave  of  social  legislation  by  standing  as  an 
organized  profession.  American  dentistry  has  been  placed  on  a  high 
standard  and  her  progressive  development  commands  the  admiration 
(jf  the  whole  world.  The  best  dentists  in  the  world  are  right  here  in 
America.  Our  colleges  today  are  accepting  prospective  students  more 
or  less  on  probation  in  order  to  ascertain  whether  or  not  they  have  a 
natural  aptitude  for  dentistry.  All  of  which  is  for  the  best  interest 
of  the  dental  profession.  This  was  all  brought  about  by  orfianized 
effort. 

Right  now  is  the  time  for  the  next  great  epoch  of  American  dentistry 
to  open.  It  is  not  problematical  or  conjectui-al — it  is  here.  Harmony 
should  prevail  in  our  profession  and  a  better  spirit  of  cooperation 
should  be  more  and  more  manifest.  Dr.  Ernest  Branch  has  .just  given 
the  '"call  to  arms."    Will  you  respond? 

S.    E.    MOSEK, 

Editor  First  District. 


24  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


MOUTH  HEALTH   SURVEY 

The  Mouth  Health  Snr\'ey  about  to  be  put  on  in  the  sehools  of  North 
Carolina  is  to  my  mind  a  wonderful  thinj;  for  dentistry.  I  wonder  if 
tlie  dentists  appreciate  its  ma.i,'nitude?  Every  sehoolhouse  door  in  tlie 
State  is  to  be  tlirown  open  to  our  profession  for  two  d;iys,  February  20th 
and  22nd  and  the  minds  and  attention  of  nine  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand to  cue  million  children  will  l)e  directed  to  the  relation  of  an 
unclean  mouth  to  systemic  disease. 

The  above  is  not  out  of  line  with  the  splendid  program  which  has 
been  put  on  by  the  State  Board  of  Health  durin.£r  all  these  years. 
Dentists  on  the  staff  of  the  Healtli  Department  have  traveled  from 
one  end  of  this  State  to  the  other  preaching  and  teaching  to  our  cliil- 
dren,  our  parents,  our  teachers,  superintendents,  health  authorities,  and 
to  those  who  control  the  purse  strings  of  our  various  counties,  the  im- 
portance of  Mouth  Health.  I  am  not  telling  you  anything  new  Avhen 
I  say  that  the  State  Board  of  Health  cannot  in  any  way  begin  to  meet 
the  demand  that  has  already  been  created.  The  State  of  North  Carolina 
does  not  have  the  money  to  carry  on  in  the  way  this  worlv  must  be  done 
if  the  program  is  to  be  a  success.  North  Carolina  should  not  have  to  do 
more  than  she  has  already  done  for  tlie  dentists  to  begin  to  realize 
that  this  very  moment  is  an  opportune  time  for  them  to  shoulder  the 
responsibility  which  is  all  their  own,  take  up  the  flag  where  the  Health 
Department  cases  because  of  its  finances,  and  render  a  great  service  to 
the  one  million  children  in  our  schools. 

Shall  we  sit  idly  by  and  expect  to  be  fed  from  a  silver  spoon  and 
not  be  willing  to  do  something  to  bring  success  to  this  great  work? 
The  Dental  Division  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  consciously  or  un- 
consciously, has  placed  the  challenge  up  to  our  profession,  and  as  I  review 
this  situation,  their  next  great  work  is  to  educate  our  profession  to 
their  new  respousiliilities.  I  wish  I  knew  the  solution  to  this  problem, 
but  I  do  not.  The  only  thing  I  might  say  is  that  I  would  be  glad  of  an 
opportunity  to  help  work  out  a  plan. 

The  Mouth  Health  Survey  that  is  about  to  be  made  furnishes  a  great 
opportunity  for  the  dentists  of  the  State  to  contact  this  great  number 
of  young  people  in  the  interest  of  their  liealth.  Thousands  and  thou- 
sands of  these  children  are  in  need  of  dental  attention,  and  are  going 
to  be  advised  to  consult  their  dentist.  When  mothers  bring  their  chil- 
dren to  our  offices,  will  it  be  iwssible  to  convince  them  that  these 
teeth  are  not  "just  baby  teeth,"  and  are  not  of  vital  importance  to  the 
welfare  of  the  future  of  those  little  patients?  The  mothers  will  not  be 
deceived  and  allow  themselves  to  be  taken  advantage  of  any  longer, 
but  will  seek  refuge  where  proper  consideration  can  be  given  to  those 
in  need  of  dental  attention.    The  very  best  service  we  can  offer  is  none 

too  good  for  this  great  cause. 

C.  C.  Bennett. 
Director  Mouth  Health   Siirvei/  First   District. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  25 


SECOND  DISTEICT 

Tho  iiast  few  years  has  been  a  period  of  the  greatest  economic  unrest 
that  the  world  has  experienced  in  a  long  time.  It  has  been  a  period 
during  which  we  have  been  more  or  less  at  sea,  not  Icnowing  what  to 
expect  next.  It  has  been  a  period  of  pessimism  and  despair  a^s  to  what 
tomorrow  might  bring.  In  the  meantime,  we  have  been  willing  to  drift 
aimlessly  along  the  line  of  least  resistance.  Everv  business  ^and  pro- 
fession, including  dentistry,  has  been  affected  thereby.  But  with  the 
coming  of  the  year  19:14.  the  future  seems  t.^  hold  something  better  in 
store  for  us.  There  is  a  determination  in  the  hearts  of  the  American 
people  to  forget  the  past  and  face  the  new  year  with  a  spirit  of  co- 
operation, hope  and  oi.timism.  We.  as  a  profession,  must  catch  this 
spirit  and  strive,  not  .iust  to  maintain  the  high  standard  which  we  have 
attained,  but  to  push  on  to  still  greater  heights. 

The  dental  profession  has  had  a  phenomenal  growth,  and  has  made  a 
Avonderful  progress  since  it  was  organized.  This  growth  and  progress 
must  be  maintained  if  we.  as  an  organization,  hope  to  survive.  No  indi- 
vidual can  stand  still.  He  must  either  progress  or  retrograde,  and  the 
same  as  true  of  an  organization.  If  our  Society  continues  to  progress 
it  can  only  be  done  through  organization  and  a  closer  cooperation  of 
every  member  of  the  dental  profession  in  North  Carolina. 

Every  profession  today  is  organized.  In  these  organizations  vou  will 
find  the  most  progressive  and  wide-awake  men  in  that  profession 
In  this  State  our  professicm  has  developed  into  a  great  organization 
the  North  Carolina  Dental  >Society.  Membership  in  this  Society  should 
be  one  of  our  most  valued  possessions.  No  licensed  dentist  should  over- 
look the  fact  that  the  present  high  standard  of  our  profession  in  this 
State  IS  the  direct  result  of  the  organized  effort  of  this  Society  It  is 
not  only  a  privilege,  but  it  is  our  duty  to  organized  dentistrv'to  give 
our  wholehearted  support  to  our  National.  State  and  District  Societies 
^U'  should  do  this  as  a  token  of  our  appreciation  for  what  thev  have 
meant  to  ns  a.,.1  f,.r  what  they  are  (b.ing  for  us  everv  dav.  Dentistry 
IS  <air  bread  and  meat,  and  any  effort  or  time  given  to  organized  den- 
tistry could  not  be  spent  to  a  better  advantage,  or  with  the  hope  of 
Ijetter  returns  on  the  investment. 

Then  the  question  arises  as  to  how  we  can  best  repav  this  <.bligati(m 
to  our  profession.  II  ,an  be  done  by  helping  to  buibl  a  bigger  and 
better  North  Carolina  Dental  Society.  This  effort  must  begin  with  the 
District  Societies.  They  are  links  in  Ihe  chain,  and  no  chain  is  stronger 
than  Its  weakest  link.  In  order  to  build  them  into  stronger  components 
of  the  State  As.sociati.m.  it  is  imperative  that  we  as  members  be 
ACTIVE  meml>ers. 

In  addition,  it  is  our  duty  to  ask  every  <.lhi,,,l  non-member  to  join 
our  Society,  and  show  him  why  h.'  can't  afford  to  remain  outside. 
Ao   member  of  our  profession  can   remain   unto  himself  and   gain   that 


26  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


degree  of  success  which  is  uiiide  iK)Ssihh'  tlinmgh  tlie  interchange  of 
ideas  with  his  fellow  dentist.  This  interchange  comes  chiefly  through 
association  and  contact  one  with  another  at  the  meetings.  Every  ethical 
practitioner  in  this  State  should  he  a  member  of  this  Society  for  two 
good  reasons :  flrst.  it  will  help  him  keep  in  touch  with  the  new  and 
progressive  ideas  in  dentistry,  thereby  making  him  a  better  dentist,  and 
second,  the  Societ.v  needs  his  moral  supix)rt  and  cooperation. 

With  these  thoughts  in  mind,  let's  put  our  shoulders  to  the  wheel, 
give  the  best  there  is  in  us  and  make  1934  the  most  successful  year 
the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  has  ever  had. 

r.  M.  Parks. 
Prcxidciif  Sccund  District. 


The  motto  of  one  of  our  well  known  civic  organizations  is  this:  "He 
prottts  most  who  serves  l)est."  It  would  be  well  if  the  dental  and  other 
allied  professions  would  pause  and  consider  just  how  this  motto  or 
slogan  miglit  be  suitabl.v  applied  to  them  as  a  whole. 

In  order  to  serve  best  we  must  have  the  knowledge  and  background 
to  render  this  service.  The  dental  science  of  today  is  not  the  dental 
science  of  yesterday  or  ten  .vears  ago.  It  is  constantl.v  evolving  to 
greater  and  better  accomplishments  by  experimentation  and  .scientific 
research.   We  are  trul.v  one  of  the  great  allies  of  the  healing  art. 

How  may  we  avail  ourselves  of  the  opportunity  of  obtaining  this 
knowledge  and  of  passing  it  on  to  our  patients?  Only  by  i>ersonal 
contact  with  the  men  who  are  giving  their  time  and  their  lives  to  this 
work  of  research.  Where  do  we  see  and  hear  these  men?  At  our  dis- 
trict, State  and  national  meetings.  If  we  have  done  this  then  we  might 
fittingly  apply   the  above   motto   to   ourselves  as   a   profession. 

I  would  especially  urge  at  this  time  that  all  members  who  are  in 
arrears  to  the  society  and  all  who  are  eligible  for  reinstatement  pay  up 
their  dues  immediately.  By  doing  so  you  are  benefiting  yourself  and 
aiding  in  the  work  of  promoting  a  better  and  greater  society. 

D.     W.     HOLCOMB. 

Secretarii-Treasurer  Second  District. 


THIRD  DISTRICT 

The  Third  District  Dental  Society  held  Its  Thirteenth  Annual  Meeting 
in  Green.sboro.  N.  C,  at  the  King  Cotton  Hotel.  November  13th  and 
14th,  and  In  man.v  respects  considered  the  most  successful  in  its  history. 
Genuine  cooperative  spirit  could  be  seen  written  on  every  face  despite 
the  turbulent  times. 

The  meeting  was  ably  presided  over  by  the  President,  Dr.  Neal 
Sheffield  of  Greensboro^  and  started  off  with  plent.v  of  enthusiasm, 
beginning  with  a  banquet  with  more  dentists  and  their  wives  attending 
this  feature  of  the  program  than  any  District  Meeting  I  have  ever 
attended.  The  instructive  paper  cm  "The  Role  of  Diet  and  Nutrition  in 
the  Production  of  Dental  Caries,"  was  enjoyed  b.v  all.  I  can  truthfully 
say  that  I  have  never  seen  a  group  of  dentists  anywhere  show  as  much 
interest  in  any  subject  as  was  accorded  Dr.  S.  S.  Jaft'e,  D.D.S.,  of  Wash- 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  27 


iiigton.  D.  C.  on  "Complete  Fvill  Denture  Technique"  and  "Immediate 
Denture  Service."  I  know  the  men  of  tlie  Third  District  are  pressing 
ahead,  and  with  tlie  cooperative  spirit  prevailing,  tliere  is  notliing  but 
success  ahead.  So  come  on  boys,  and  let's  get  off  to  a  good  start  for 
bigger  and  better  things  for  the  year  1934. 

Let's  all  fight  as  one  mighty  giant  for  organized  dentistry.  I  mean 
real  honest  organized  dentistry.  The  need  for  organized  dentistry  along 
constructive  lines  is  growing  with  each  passing  day.  I  want  to  urge 
upon  all  who  have  grown  "luke  warm"  to  come  forward,  renew  your 
covenant  and  take  up  the  fight.  Attend  your  District  and  State  Meetings. 
The  Society  needs  you  and  you  need  the  Society  more.  You  young  men 
who  are  just  starting  will  make  a  serious  mistake  to  undertake  the 
practice  of  dentistry  without  .ioining  your  Society.  Fall  in  line  and  have 
a  part  in  placing  dentistry  in  its  rightful  place  as  one  of  the  great 
healing  arts. 

But  remember  my  chief  desire  is  quality  and  not  quantity.  We  must 
have  quality  to  endure,  and  quantity  is  a  fine  thing  to  add.  Every 
dentist  has  within  his  grasp  the  shaping  of  his  own  destiny.  He  can 
rise  or  fall  by  his  own  hands.  He  must  recognize  his  duty  to  liis 
patients.  The  dentist  who  fails  to  recognize  his  duty  to  those  he  serves, 
or  to  his  fellow  men  generally,  will  find  himself  discarded  altogether 
too  early  in  life. 

C.   I.   Miller, 
Presideiif   Third  District. 


THE  MOUTH  HEALTH  SURVEY  IN  THE  THIRD  DISTRICT 

We  should  be  aware  of  the  fact  that  the  eyes  of  the  dental  profession 
of  the  various  states  are  focused  on  us  as  we  go  forth  in  preiiaration 
for  tlie  Mouth  Health  Survey  in  North  Carolina.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  gigantic  tasks  ever  undertaken  liy  organized  dentistry  and  we 
sliould  see  to  it  that  this  program  is  put  over  in  such  a  manner  that 
other  states  which  are  to  follow  will  have  a  high  mark  at  which  to  aim. 

North  Carolina  is  a  leader  in  the  dental  profession  and  it  is  due,  in 
a  great  degree  to  the  willingness  and  the  spirit  of  co()peration  which 
permeates  our  dental  organizations.  In  order  to  make  this  la-ogram  a 
.success  as  a  whole  each  district,  county  and  individual  must  do  their 
share.  This  will  not  l»e  ;i  burden  on  any  individual  and  will  furnish 
a  wealth  of  information  concerning  the  dental  conditions  prevalent 
among  the  schf>ol  children  who  will  be  the  citizens  of  tomorrow. 

We  are  very  proud  of  the  progress  made  in  the  Third  District  in 
preparation  for  the  coming  surve.A'.  All  of  the  counties  are  organized 
and  the  directors  are  determined  that  their  county  will  make  a  good 
showing  in  the  final  ttdnilations  of  the  survey.  At  a  recent  meeting 
of  the  county  directors  held  in  Burlington  practically  all  the  counties 
of  our  district  were  represented  and  with  them  several  county  superin- 
tendents and  other  interested  hiymen  were  present.  If  there  is  any  man 
in  the  district  that  is  not  familiar  with  the  procedure  of  this  examina- 
tion, get  in  touch  with  your  county  director  who  will  have  this  informa- 
tion for  you.  He  will  give  you  a  school  assignment  and  the  necessary 
examination  blanks  and  tongue  depressors. 

This  survey  has  created  more  interest  among  the  school  iieoi)ic  and 
the  P.  T.  A.  organizations  than  any  pli.-ise  of  health  work  in  .'i  long 
time.    The  people  of  our  State  will   bo  thinking  in  terms  of  dentistry 


28  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


on  February  20.  and  I'L'nd.  Various  communities  will  expect  to  see 
their  dentist  in  the  line  up  for  this  survey,  and  I  am  sure  that  every 
dentist  will  be  anxious  to  take  part  in  this  work. 

Neal  Sheffield, 
Director  Month  Health  Surveij  Third  District. 


FOURTH  DISTRICT 

Our  hard  boiled  task-master — the  public — is  daily  throwing  down  a 
new  challenge  to  us.  Our  master  is  demanding  cheai>er  dental  service 
from  us  as  private  practitioners  or  State  or  Federal  Dentistr.v  is  "Just 
around  the  corner."  To  prove  this  fact  you  have  but  to  get  a  group 
of  dentists  together  and  start  a  discussion  on  this  subject.  Immediately 
you  are  struck  with  the  fact  that  each  communit.v  has,  in  some  way, 
demonstrated  this  trend. 

The  only  permanent  thing  on  earth  is  CHANGE.  We  must  change 
with  everything  else.  This  issue  must  be  met.  The  public  is  demanding 
a  New  Deal  from  us.  Cheaper  dentistry  means  our  economic  end.  That 
is  eutirel.v  imixtssible,  with  the  present  set  up.  We  are  barel.v  existing, 
comparatively  speaking,  as  it  is. 

Scattered  throughout  North  Carolina,  are  men  with  ideas  about  this 
problem.  Our  State  has  Iteen  fortunate  in  leading  the  way  several  times 
in  things  dental.  Is  it  hoping  for  too  much,  that  out  of  our  state  will 
come  the  beginnings  of  an  organization  which  will  accept  this  challenge 
and  furnish  a  solution V  Would  it  not  be  a  good  idea  for  the  powers 
that  l»e  to  get  a  representative  group  (►f  men  together  from  all  i>arts 
of  the  State  for  a  length.v  discussion  of  this  prolilemV  Such  a  discussion 
would  prove  conclusively  the  necessity  for  a  united  front,  aggressively 
organized,  to  meet  this  issue  and  furnish  an  answer.    Will  we  do  it? 

I.    H.    HOYLE. 

P)-csid()it  Fourth  District. 


COOPERATION  IN  CHANGE 

Democrac.v  does  not  provide  an  ideal  government.  But  it  is  the  best 
we  have  been  able  to  work  out  so  far.  and  it  does  offer  to  everybody 
the  opiX)rtunit.v  and  the  responsibility  of  governing.  Nothing  can  re- 
main fixed  and  settled.  In  our  institutions  as  in  our  government,  new 
situations  arise,  bringing  new  problems,  real  and  imaginary.  These 
we  must  solve  with  best  advantage  to  the  largest  number,  and  adjust 
ourselves  to  the  changes  as  graciously  as  possible. 

Change  sometimes  seems  deplorable,  and  never  means  perfection  ;  it 
is,  however,  the  price  of  progress.  Conditions  unforeseen,  perhaps  un- 
controllable, demand  a  New  Deal.  But  even  in  the  New  Deal,  everyone 
cannot  have  his  way.  Working  together  necessitates  choosing  what  is 
best  upon  the  whole,  agreeing  upon  fundamentals,  ignoring  personal 
opinions,  and  compromising  minor  differences — even  if  it  does  hurt 
sometimes. 

All  of  us  realize  that  the  chaotic  condition  of  the  farming  industry 
in  recent  years  has  been  largel.y  due  to  a  laclc  of  cooperation.  But  even 
today,  when  the  government  is  making  a  supreme  effort  to  help  the 
farmers,  we  often  wonder  if  it  can  succeed  because  thev  are  reluctant 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  29 


to  couiwrate  with  the  letter  and  the  spirit  of  tlie  law.  The  iwrcentage 
of  success  ill  government,  institutions,  and  professions  depends  upon 
the  united  efforts  of  the  whole  working  together  for  the  good  of  all. 

Let  us  come  closer  home,  and  be  specific  in  applying  these  observa- 
tions and  truths  concerning  change  and  cooperation.  To  examine  free 
the  mouths  of  the  school  children  in  our  State,  is  a  noble  undertaking. 
But  since  this  enterprise  is  sponsored  by  tlie  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society,  only  the  ethical  members  in  good  standing  can  be  asked  to  help. 
May  I  venture  a  suggestion?  There  are  a  number  of  good,  ethical 
dentists  in  the  State  who  have  suffered  their  dues  to  the  Society  to 
lapse,  but  who  should  cooperate  with  us  in  this  service  to  the  children. 
We  have  endured  a  depression,  many  of  us  have  been  "up  against  if 
financially,  and  some  of  our  memliers  have  felt  it  necessary  to  discon- 
tinue their  membership.  Now,  because  of  economic  conditions,  we  have 
considerably  reduced  the  expense  of  our  Society.  Can  we  not  also 
reduce  the  dues  as  early  as  possible?  Thus  we  should  extend  a  cordial 
invitation  to  all  worthy  dentists  of  our  State  to  swell  our  organized 
ranks.  In  this  way  we  may  enlist  a  larger  number  of  united  helpers  in 
this  proix)sed  service  to  the  children  of  our  commonwealth.  We  shall 
also  strengthen  our  organization,  and  "provoking  one  another  to  good 
works,"  raise  our  individual  standards,  and  maintain  the  ideals  of 
the  profession. 

R.  M.  Squires. 
Editor  Fourth  District. 


MOUTH  HEALTH  SURVEY 

The  Fourth  District  began  its  final  organization  drive  for  the  Mouth 
Health  Survey  in  an  enthusiastic  fashion  with  a  meeting  of  all  county 
directors  in  the  southern  porti<ni  of  the  district  in  Fayetteville  on  Thurs- 
day evening,  January.  4th.  and  a  similar  meeting  of  county  directors 
in  the  northern  section  at  Henderson,  Saturday  evening,  January  6th. 
Every  county  in  the  district  save  two  was  represented  and  all  present 
showed  a  keen  interest  in  the  great  work  we  are  endeavoring  to  do. 
The  discussions  brought  out  many  helpful  points  which  will  lie  included 
in  the  final  instructions  to  be  mailed  out  soon. 

All  County  Directors  have  reported  that  they  have,  or  will  in  a  few 
days,  c(tmplete  their  county  organization.  In  some  cases  all  dentists  in 
a  county  are  to  work  in  one  group,  in  others  two,  three  and  four  are 
grouping  together  to  make  teams. 

It  is  encouraging  to  note  the  lienefits  already  derived  from  this  cam- 
liaigii  in  the  great  number  of  reenstatements  to  membership  of  former 
memljers  in  the  society.  It  is  also  noted  that  quite  a  few  are  joining 
our  ranks  for  the  first  time.  This  increase  in  our  membership  shows 
very  clearly  that  the  "New  Deal"  is  not  only  working  in  industry 
but  is  aiding  in  establishing  more  unanimously  the  high  ethical  stand- 
ards always  fostered  by  organized  dentistry  in  North  Carolina. 

To  sum  it  all  up.  every  ethical  dentist  in  North  Carolina  sees  in  this 
State-wide  campaign  which  we  are  putting  on,  an  opportunity  to  render 
a  real  service  to  the  dental  profession  and  to  ])lace  on  record  the  true 
dental  condition  of  our  school  children.  Once  we  have  obtained  this 
information  it  is  my  definite  conviction  that  organized  dentistry  can 
and  will  suggest  a  solution  to  our  many  iiroblems,  A  solution  which 
will  be  satisfactory  and  mutually  licliiful  to  the  profession  as  well  as  the 
patient. 

H.    O.    LliXEBEKGER, 

Fourth  District  Director  Mouth  Ileutth  Hurvey. 


30  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

FIFTH  DISTEICT 

MOUTH  HEALTH  SURVEY 

The  opportunities  for  deeds  which  the  world  accounts  great  and 
;,'lori<»us  do  not  come  to  many.  But  all  of  us  may  fiive  dignity  and 
nobility  to  our  less  glamorous  tasks  by  the  willingness,  earnestness  and 
sincerity  with  which  we  perform  them. 

On  February  the  20th  and  22nd  the  members  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society  are  prei)aring  to  go  to  the  school  liimses  and  examine 
the  mouths  of  as  many  school  children  as  is  humanly  possible  to  do  in 
those  two  days. 

The  gnmnd  work  has  been  well  laid  by  our  ab'.e  and  energetic  leader, 
Dr.  E.  A.  Branch,  who  has  visited  every  district  in  the  State  and  given 
instructions  as  to  the  details  and  plan  of  procedure. 

I  am  happy  to  say  that  here  in  the  Fifth  District  we  have  no  slackers. 
If  the  letters  and  pledges  of  eooperati(m  which  I  have  received  are  an 
indication  of  the  willingness  on  the  part  of  the  members  t(>  render  this 
service,  I  firmly  believe  that  on  the  morning  of  February  20th  our 
representati(m  will  be  one  hundred  per  cent  in  attendance.  For  fear 
that  I  may  appear  boasting  the  loyalty  of  my  own  district  unduly.  I  am 
wil  ing  to  venture  the  opinion  that  the  members  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society  as  a  whole  will  close  their  oltices  on  those  days  and  do 
the  ji  b  in  a  way  that  will  reflect  credit  on  Organized  Dentistry  in  North 
Carolina. 

As  members  of  an  organization  that  stands  first  in  the  nation  as  a 
pioneer  in  Mouth  Health  w<nk :  as  members  of  a  profession  that  has 
fewer  advertisers  than  any  State  in  the  Union  :  as  members  of  a  society 
that  has  siX)nsored  and  had  placed  uiK)n  our  statute  books  more  pro- 
gressive legislation  for  the  protection  of  organized  dentistry  and  the 
benefit  of  the  public  at  large,  I  emphasize  in  saying  that  we  could  ill 
afford  to  cast  a  reflection  upon  the  proud  heritage  which  we  are 
(>njoying  today  by  withholding  our  loyalty  and  wholehearted  supiM)rt 
of  such  an  important  health  activity.  The  accomplishments  and  the 
jiioneering  spirit  of  some  of  the  older  men  in  our  profession  should 
awaken  our  sense  of  respitnsiliility  to  the  needs  of  the  hour,  and  inspire 
us  to  give  Dr.  E.  A.  Branch  the  cooperation  that  his  leadership  de- 
serves.   The  challenge  is  before  us.    How  shall  we  answer  it? 

Z.  L.  Edwards. 
Director  Mouth  Health  t<arrei/  Fifth  Distriet. 


Nineteen  hundred  and  thirty-three  passed  off  with  a  struggle — many 
of  us  thought  it  would  never  end.  It  did.  however,  pass  on.  and  natur- 
ally left  (luite  a  few  scars.  But  if  .vou  make  a  close  survey,  you  will 
find  that  the  dental  profession  with  its  back  to  the  wall,  fought 
valiantly  and  served  its  fellowmen  in  an  enviable  manner.  Had  we  not 
been  organized,  many  practitioners  would  have  fallen  for  the  lack  of 
encouragement,  thinking  that  they  were  the  only  humans  who  had 
to  withstand  such  hardships.  Look  around  and  see  if  the  men  out  of 
the   Society  aren't   worse  off  than  the  hardest  struck   member. 

Our  organization  has  a  silent  force  about  it  that  is  constantly 
working.  It  does  that  becaxise  many  people  know  the  dental  profession 
as  a  harmonious  unit.  This  recognition  is  growing  every  day.  but  more 
stimuli  aie  needed  now  than  at  any  time  in  the  history  of  the  profession, 
in   order   that   this   forward   growth   may  bo   kept   up. 


Fleming  Dental  Laboratory 


Te  ephone  407  /^C^^^^TCBT^.  P.  O.  Box  1283 

DENTAL  CRAFTSMEN 


vs> 


-#>- 


PROFESSIONAL  BLDG.  RALEIGH,  N.  C. 


Kothstcin  UcnturCS  are  as  close  to  the  natural 
teeth  as  human  skill  can  make  them. 

Years  of  experience,  conscientious  technicians,  the 
finest  equipment  and  utmost  fidelity  to  your  specifica- 
tions are  sure  to  give  you  a  restoration  that  Avill  meet 
with  your  approval. 


A  Trial  Will  Convince  You 

ROTHSTEIN  DENTAL  LABORATORIES 

P.  O.  Box  1740        »       >>        1616  K  Street,  N.W. 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


PATKONIZE   OUK   ADVEETISEES 


Dr.  W.  T.  Smith 

whose  gent  an  y,  cultui^e,  ability  and  ideals  of 

conduct  have  been  a  source  of  inspiration 

to  the  profession  in  this  State. 


THE  BULLETIN 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  DENTAL  SOCIETY 

Vol.  XVII  MAY,  1934  No.  4 

Entered     as     Second-class     matter     as     a     quarterly     September     26,     1931,     at     the 
postofflce,    Raleigh,   N.    C,    under   Act   of  August   24,    1912. 

Subscription  per  year $1.00 

OFFICERS 

DR.   E.   A.    BRANCH.    President Raleigh 

DR.   L.    M.    EDWARDS.    President-Elect Durham 

DR.   J.  P.  JONES,   Vice-President Cliapel  Hill 

DR.    D.   L.   PRIDGEN,   Secretary-Treasurer Fayetteville 

EDITOR-PUBLISHER 
DR.    G.   FRED   HALE Raleigh 

EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE 

DR.    Z.    L.    EDWARDS,    Chairman    (1934) Washington 

DR.   R.   M.   OLIVE    (1935) Fayetteville 

DR.   NEAL   SHEFFIELD    (1936) Greensboro 


THE  COMMimiTY  OF  WILMINGTOT^ 

The  City  of  Wilmington  will  be  host  to  the  JSTorth  Carolina 
Dental  Society  on  June  18,  19,  20,  1934.  This  is  a  city  as  rich 
in  history  as  it  is  genteel  in  character.  The  Cape  Fear  country 
is  studded  with  landmarks  of  Colonial  development,  evidences  of 
hardships  and  monuments  of  progress,  small  cabins  and  stately 
homes,  romance  and  tragedy,  success  and  failure;  all  blended  into 
the  life  drama  of  this  country.  "Orton"  conjures  up  a  romantic 
past  where  the  art  of  living  flowered,  where  leisure  developed 
a  gentility  and  culture  that  the  modern  world  is  about  to  erase. 
Fort  Fisher  is  synonymous  with  heroism  and  bravery.  The  last 
defender  of  the  South  to  give  way  to  greatly  superior  land  and 
naval  forces — a  region  where  the  impossible  was  accomplished  in 
blockade  running  to  longer  maintain  an  exhausted  Confederacy. 
Study  the  history  of  the  lower  Cape  Fear  country  and  then  bring 
the  family  with  you  to  Wilmington.  The  modern  Wilmington 
offers  you  Wrightsville  and  Carolina  beaches;  beautiful  drives 
through  long  leaf  pine  forests  and  along  avenues  of  moss  covered 


6  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

oaks ;  an  unsurpassed  hospitality ;  old  homes,  where  the  shadows  of 
the  heaux  and  belles  of  another  age  whisper  the  life  of  a  vanishing 
era ;  modern  homes  built  by  the  captains  of  industry  but  presided 
over   Avith   the   charm   of   the   fifties.     Come   to   Wilmington ! 


THE  PKOGEAM 


The  arrangement  and  completion  of  this  Program  for  our  60th 
Annual  Meeting,  and  the  preparation  for  the  meeting  in  Wilming- 
ton, represents  a  considerable  outlay  of  time,  energy  and  money 
on  the  part  of  the  Program  and  General  Arrangements  Committees. 
In  addition  to  the  expense  of  membership  general  to  all  of  us  they 
have  had  to  bear  the  burden  of  travel,  correspondence  and  time, 
•w'ith  no  thought  of  reward  except  your  attendance  at  this  meeting. 

Eminent  speakers  and  clinicians  are  coming  to  Wilmington, 
June  18,  19,  and  20,  for  your  enjoyment  and  benefit.  Read  your 
Program  then  make  your  arrangements  and  pack  up  for  a  three 
day  stay. 


GOLF 

Since  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  Program  Committee  and  the 
President  of  our  Society  that  the  Golf  Committee  should  not 
undertake  to  arrange  for  a  tournament  this  year,  we  will  not  have 
our  annual  Golf  Tournament.  However,  the  Golf  Committee  has 
secured  the  privilege  of  the  golf  course  of  the  Cape  Fear  Country 
Club  and  the  Municipal  Golf  Course,  two  very  excellent  courses 
for  those  desiring  to  play.    So  golfers  bring  along  your  clubs. 

C.   A.   Thomas,   Chairman. 

J.  H.  Smith, 

J.  O.  Broughton, 

Committee. 


AMERICAN  DENTAL  ASSOCIATION 
CONVENTION 

SAINT   PAUL,    MINNESOTA 

August  6-10,  1934 

Vacation  in  Saint  Paul  at  a  Truly  Scientific  Meeting 


Dr.  Ernest  A.  Branch 

President  of  the  North  Carolina 
Dental   Society 


Dr.  D.  LeKov   Pkidgen 

Secretary    of   the    North    Carolina 
Dental    Society 


I)R.  L.  M.  Edwards 

Presi(lent-(-Iect  of  the   North   Carolins 
Df-ntal    Society 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


WILMINGTOI^  IN  JUNE 

The  Program  Committee  has  been  untiring  in  its  efforts  to 
provide  a  program  for  the  meeting  in  Wilmington  whieh  will  be 
of  interest  to  every  practitioner  of  dentistry  in  the  State.  We 
trust  you  will  study  this  program  and  believe  that  you,  too,  will 
see  that  you  will  be  greatly  benefited  by  attending  the  meeting 
and  hearing  these  subjects  discussed  by  those  who  know  what  they 
are  talking  abovit.    It  will  help  you  to  be  a  better  dentist. 

Then  too,  there  is  the  social  side  to  be  taken  into  consideration. 
You  will  have  an  opportunity  to  renew  old  acquaintances  and 
to  make  new  ones.  You  can  sit  down  and  talk  over  your  troubles 
with  your  friends — which  will  hel]i  you  even  though  they  may  not 
be  able  to  offer  a  constructive  solution.  Sometimes  it  is  helpful 
to  hear  our  own  selves  talking,  and  while  we  are  talking  we  some- 
times reach  a  solution  of  our  problems.  Anyway,  you  Avill  need 
to  be  at  the  meeting  and  we  expect  a  good  attendance. 

We  do  not  have  complete  figures  for  the  Mouth  Health  Survey 
as  yet,  but  we  hope  to  have  them  by  the  time  for  the  meeting. 
These  should  be  of  great  interest  to  you. 

E.  A.  Branch, 
President  North  Carolina  Dental  Society. 


CONCEETE  VALUES  ACCEUING  TO  THE  INDIVIDUAL 
DENTIST  AS  A  EESULT  OF  LEGISLATION 

By  Homer  C.  Brown,  D.D.S.,  F.A.C^.D.,   Chairman.   Commitiee 

on  Legislation  and  Correlation,  American  Dental 

Association,   Columbus,  Ohio 

The  history  of  dentistry  as  a  profession  dates  from  1840.  Many 
factors  have  contributed  to  its  phenomenal  progress  during  this 
period,  such  as  organizations,  education,  legislation,  literature, 
research,  discovery  and  invention ;  however,  without  depreciating 
the  influence  of  any  of  these  I  think  a  fair  analysis  will  recognize 
legislation  as  the  most  important. 

The  legal  status  of  all  questions  is  definitely  determined  through 
legislation  and  court  decisions.  For  instance,  the  Baltimore  Col- 
lege of  Dental  Surgery  was  chartered  by  the  General  xVssenibly  of 
Maryland,  February  1,  1840,  and  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental 
Surgery  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  January  21,  1845. 
These  were  the  first  dental  educational  institutions,  and  it  is 
assumed  that  all  others  were  subsequently  authorized  by  law.   Also, 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  9 

on  December  31,  1841,  Alabama  enacted  the  first  legislation  to 
regulate  the  practice  of  dentistry,  which  Avas  then  administered 
by  physicians.  In  1867  Kentucky  enacted  a  dental  law  and  the 
folloAving  year  similar  legislation  was  enacted  in  ISTeAv  York  and 
Ohio.  Subsequently  every  State  and  territory  enacted  legislation 
until  today  dentistry  is  recognized  as  an  important  phase  of 
health  service  throughout  the  world. 

The  first  Federal  legislation  was  enacted  by  Congress,  February 
2,  1901,  creating  an  Army  Corps  of  30  Contract  Dental  Surgeons, 
which  Avas  amended  March  3,  1911,  providing  a  commission  rank 
of  First  Lieutenant.  The  National  Defense  Act  of  June  3,  1916, 
increased  this  rank  up  to  and  including  Major,  and  on  October  6, 
1917,  legislation  Avas  enacted  granting  dental  officers  equal  status 
Avith  medical  ofiicers  in  the  Army.  This  Avas  generally  accepted  as 
the  greatest  achievement  in  the  history  of  the  dental  profession, 
as  it  raised  the  status  of  dentistry  in  governmental  services  and 
increased  its  recognition  by  the  allied  professions  and  the  public. 

A  Xavy  Dental  Corps  Avas  authorized  by  Congress,  August  22, 
1912,  and  on  July  1,  1918,  Avas  granted  equal  status  with  the 
Medical  Ofiicers.  Subsequently  a  favorable  status  Avas  authorized 
for  Dental  Officers  in  IT.  S.  Public  Health  Service,  Veterans  and 
Indian  Bureaus.  While  the  direct  benefits  resulting  therefrom 
were  limited  to  these  officers,  and  those  they  served,  yet  indirectly 
their  infiuence  Avas  favorably  refiected  on  every  practitioner  of 
dentistry.  This,  also,  stimulated  an  increased  interest  in  all  phases 
of  dental  practice  and  encouraged  many  to  acquire  neAv  and  im- 
proved equipment,  etc. 

The  interests  of  the  profession  and  the  public  Avere  safeguarded 
by  successfully  opposing  unreasonable  duties  on  dental  instruments 
in  the  Tariff  Acts  of  1922  and  1930.  The  1922  Act  provided  a  35 
per  cent  ad  valorem  duty  on  dental  instruments  and  a  45  per  cent 
on  surgical.  The  1930  Act  retained  the  35  per  cent  dental  duty 
but  increased  the  surgical  to  55  per  cent.  These  Tariff  Acts  Avere 
under  consideration  for  approximately  tAvo  years  each  and  required 
most  careful  attention.  The  manufacturers  advocated  both  an  ad 
valorem  and  specific  duty  Avhich  ranged  from  75  to  300  per  cent. 
Thus  it  Avill  be  observed  that  a  great  saving  has  accrued  as  a  result 
of  this  prolonged  activity. 

Assisted  the  Researcli  Commission  in  developing  the  Cooperative 
Research  Program  at  the  National  Bureau  of  Standards  and 
in  securing  increased  Federal  appropriations  for  this  important 
activity. 


10  I'he  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Secured  a  modification  of  the  Prohibition  Regulations  ])erniit- 
ting  dentists  to  obtain  the  same  amount  of  spirituous  liquors,  for 
office  administration,  as  was  authorized  for  physicians. 

Secured  legislation  relating  to  two  International  Dental  Con- 
gresses. 

Assisted  in  develoi)ing  plans  for  providing  dental  service  in  tlie 
Civilian  Conservation  Corps. 

Our  committee  cooperated  with  others  in  securing  the  fol- 
lowing : 

(1)  A  reduction  of  tax  on  alcohol  from  $4. IS  to  $2.09  per 
gallon. 

(2)  A  reduction  of  narcotic  license  fee  from  $3.00  to  $1.00. 

(3)  The  coordinating  of  all  governmental  health  activities  in 
the  U.  S.  Public  Health  Service  and  promoting  jNTational  Institute 
of  Health  legislation. 

(4)  A  deduction  of  the  expense  in  attending  professional  meet- 
ings from  Income  Tax  reports. 

(5)  Restoring  term  "Dental  Service"  versus  "Stomatological 
Service"  in  Navy. 

(6)  The  promotion  of  the  Dental  Health  Survey  Program. 

(7)  A  modification  of  the  embargo  on  gold  and  of  the  regula- 
tions requiring  affidavits  quarterly  in  its  purchase.  Also,  in  pro- 
tecting, insofar  as  was  possible,  the  dentist's  interest  in  the  recent 
Executive  Orders  relating  to  gold. 

(8)  Uniform  narcotic  State  legislation  and  in  formulating  nar- 
cotic regulations. 

(9)  Reasonable  interpretation  regarding  the  application  of  N. 
R.  A.  to  dentistry. 

(10)  Participated  in  the  Dental  Laboratory  Code  controversy 
in  an  effort  to  safeguard  the  interests  of  the  profession  and  the 
public. 

We  cooperated  with  others  in  successfully  opposing  the  fol- 
lowing : 

(a)  In  1920  and  1921  two  attempts  were  made  to  j)lace  an 
excise  tax  of  $10  an  ounce  on  new  mined  gold. 

(b)  An  excise  tax  of  10  per  cent  on  precious  metals  used  in 
dentistry  in  the  1932  Revenue  xVct.  The  regulations,  as  drafted, 
placed  a  10  per  cent  tax  on  the  entire  fee  of  restorations  in  which 
precious  metals  were  used. 

(c)  An  excise  tax  of  10  per  cent  on  dental  proprietary  prepara- 
tions. A  5  per  cent  tax  was  agreed  to  as  a  compromise  by  the 
Conference  Committee. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  11 


(d)  ]Nron-serviee  connected  jjension  legislation. 

(e)  Boiler  inspection  legislation  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
including  vulcanizers,  autoclaves,  etc. 

Furthermore,  we  have  cooperated  with  the  officers  of  many  of 
the  State  Societies  in  their  legislative  problems.  For  instance, 
nineteen  states  have  recently  enacted  Sales  Tax  legislation  and 
others  may  be  forced  to  take  similar  action.  Our  efforts  have 
been  directed  in  an  attempt  to  exempt  professional  health  services 
from  the  application  of  these  Sales  Taxes.  This  especially  applies 
to  dental  restorations  wherein  tangible  personal  property,  such  as 
gold,  teeth,  vulcanite,  etc.,  is  employed.  In  some  instances  the 
tax  officials  have  held  that  the  entire  fee  was  taxable  and  the 
dentist  required  to  collect  and  report  same. 

State  legislatures  ordinarily  meet  every  two  years,  but  because 
of  economic  conditions  many  of  these  have  been  called  into  Special 
Session  by  their  Governors.  Thus,  it  behooves  the  State  Society 
Officers  to  be  constantly  alert  and  prepared  to  meet  any  emer- 
gencies that  may  arise.  One  of  these  may  result  from  the  general 
sentiment  that  some  readjustments  will  be  necessary  in  the  ren- 
dering of  professional  health  services;  therefore,  it  is  imperative 
that  the  professions  shonld  assume  the  leadership  in  this  solution, 
rather  than  permitting  welfare  and  other  groups,  with  radical 
views,  to  destroy  the  personal  relationship  existing  between  the 
professional  man  and  his  patient,  which  is  a  long  and  highly 
cherished  tradition. 

In  the  final  analysis,  organized  dentistry  should  assume  the 
active  leadership  in  whatever  readjustments  may  be  necessary,  and 
every  ethical  practitioner  should  consider  it  a  duty  to  participate 
m  any  constructive  program  which  will  better  protect  his  interests. 
IN  LWIOA^  THERE  IS  STRENGTH  AND  ABLE  LEAD- 
ERSHIP STIMULATES  CONFIDENCE. 
609  Hartman  Building,  April  16,  1934. 

(Written  for  members  of  the   American  Association   of  Dental 
Editors.) 

Editor's  Xote:— The  American  Association  of  Dental  Editors  is  an 
organization  of  dental  editors  of  non-proprietarv  Dental  Journals— the 
Journals  of  ()rj,-anizod  Dentistry,  representini,'  the  American  Dental 
Association  and  all  of  its  component  parts.  The  ambition  of  this  or- 
pnization  is  to  give  dental  journalism  a  higher  standard,  and  remove 
It  from  any  .suspicion  of  private  interests.  These  publications  (local 
District.  State  and  National)  have  as  their  object  the  dissemination 
ot  scientihe  data  from  investigated  and  accepted  sources;  to  initiate 
and  manitam  the  highest  ideals  of  the  profession  ;  to  broaden  the  scope 
of  Its  usefulness  to  the  ilentists  and  public  alike.  By  this  organization 
we  get  the  cooperation  of  eminent  men  throughout  the  country. 


L)K.  Walteu  (\  McBride 


Dr.  ('.  ('.  Carpenter 


Dr.  Thomas  Conner 
Atlanta,  Ga. 


Dr.  Bissell  B.  Palmer 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  13 

Walter  C.  McBride,  D.D.S.,  was  graduated  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Micliigaii  in  1922.  He  has  practiced  pedodontia 
since  leaving  school  and  was  associated  the  year  after  gradu- 
ation with  the  Detroit  Board  of  Health.  At  present  he  is 
head  of  the  Children's  Department  of  the  University  of 
Detroit  Dental  School.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and 
the  first  president  of  the  American  Society  for  the  Promo- 
tion of  Dentistry  for  Children ;  editor  of  the  Detroit  Dental 
Bulletin ;  associate  editor  of  the  Michigan  State  Dental 
Journal ;  contributing  editor  of  the  International  Journal 
of  Orthodontia  and  Dentistry  for  Children  and  author  of 
Juvenile  Dentistry,  which  was  published  in  1932.  He  will 
appear  on  the  program  Tuesday  morning,  June  19th,  dis- 
cussing "The  Business  Phase  of  Dentistry  for  Children." 


C.  C.  Carpenter,  xV.B.,  M.D.,  is  Professor  of  Pathology  at  Wake 
Forest  College.  Dr.  Carpenter  has  been  much  interested  in 
pathology  of  the  oral  cavity  and  will  address  the  Society 
on  Monday  morning,  June  ISth,  on  "Malignancy  of  the 
Oral  Cavity." 


Thomas  Conner,  D.D.S.,  Vanderbilt  University  1915,  lectures 
to  the  Senior  Class  of  the  Atlanta  Southern  Dental  College 
on  Exodontia,  is  a  member  of  the  national,  state  and  local 
dental  associations  and  a  member  of  the  American  Society 
of  Oral  Surgeons  and  Exodontists.  Practice  limited  to 
Exodontia,  Oral  Surgery  and  Diagnosis  since  1921  in  At- 
lanta, Georgia.  He  will  appear  on  the  program  Monday 
evening,  June  18th,  discussing  "Operative  Procedures  in 
Oral  Surgery." 


Bissell  B.  Palmer,  D.D.S.,  F.A.C.D.,  is  President  of  the  Ameri- 
can College  of  Dentists  and  is  also  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Dental  Journalism  for  that  organization.  He 
will  appear  on  the  program  Tuesday  morning,  June  19th, 
discussing  "Socio-Economics  of  Health  Sci'vice." 

BRING     THIS     PROGRAM     WITH     YOU 


14  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

( M  ):MMITTEEt^— 1933-.'54 

Executive  Com mittee 

Z.   L.  Edwards.   Vhniiiiuni    (1934) Waslnn,i,'ton 

R.  M.  Olive  (1935) Fayettoville 

Neal   Sheflield    (1936) Greensboro 

PkOGKAM-ClIXIC     ( 'OM  MITTEE 

D.  L.  Pridgeii.   Chairman Fayetteville 

W.   D.  (xibbs.   Vice-Chaiiviaii Charlotte 

J.   W.   Whitehead Smithfield 

J.   E.   Swindell Raleii^h 

R.  P.  Melvin Winston-Salem 

ETiiits  Committee 

J.  Martin  Fleminii-,  Chairman Ralei,iih 

J.   W.   Whitehead Smithfield 

J.  C.  Watkins Winston-Salem 

Legislative  Committee 

J.  N.  Johnson    (1937) Goldsboro 

Z.  L.  Edwards   (1934  ) Washin^'ton 

E.  B.  Howie  (1935) Raleigh 

P.  E.  Jones  (1936) Farmville 

H.  O.  Lineberger  (1938) Raleigh 

(3ral  Hygiene  Committee 

Paul  Fitzgerald,   Chairman Greenville 

C.  S.  McCall Forest  City 

Neal  Sheffield Greensboro 

C.  C.  Bennett Asheville 

B.  C.  Taylor Landis 

Pitt  Beam Shelby 

Librarian 
Jessie  L.  Zaehary Raleigh 

State    Institittions    Committee 

Everett  Smith,  Chairman Raleigh 

J,  R.  Edwards Fuquay  Springs 

Oscar    Hooks Wilson 

J.  L.  Ashby Mount  Airy 

John  R.  Pharr Charlotte 

Victor   Bell Raleigh 

Military  Committee 

I.  H.  Hoyle,  Chair  yuan Henderson 

S.  E.  Mosely Gastonia 

E.  G.   Click. Elkin 

V.  M.  Barnes Wilson 

Liability  Insurance  Committee 

J.  H.  Wheeler,  Chairman Greensboro 

T.  A.  Wilkins Gastonia 

D.  B.   Mizell Charlotte 

J.  A.  Jernigan Dunn 

A.  L.  Wooten Raleigh 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  15 

Membership  Committee 

L.   M.   Edwards.   Chdinnaii Durham 

Paul    Fitzserald (irei'iiville 

Charles  S.  McCall Forest  City 

F.  O.  Alford Charlotte 

G.  L.  Hooper Erwin 

J.  T.  Lasley Greensboro 

Exhibit   Committee 

D.  L.  Prid.^eii.   Chdirnuiii Fayetteville 

W.  T.  Martm !.. Raleigh 

Sam  L.  Bobbitt Raleigh 

A.  S.  Cromartie Fayetteville 

Clyde  E.  Minges Rocky  Mount 

Dental  College  Committee 

J.  E.  Swindell.  Vhdirmuii Raleigh 

R.  Philip  Melvin Winston-Salem 

A.  C.  Bone Rocky  Mount 

Wallace  D.  Gibbs Charlotte 

Clinic  Boakd  of  Cexsoks 

Kal]ili  Little.   Chairman Asheville 

J.   W.   Whitehead Smithheld 

A.  P.  Beam Shelby 

A.  D.  Barber Sant'ord 

J.  M.  Holland Statesville 

H.  PI  Nixon Elizabeth  City 

Resolutions   Committee 

J.  H.  Wheeler,  Chairman Greensboro 

J.    C.    Watkins Winston-Salem 

P.  R.  Falls Gastonia 

A.  T.  Jennette Washington 

W.  L.  McRae Red  Springs 

Neckology  Committee 

J.  S.  Betts,  Chairman Greensboro 

C.   D.   Bain Dunn 

W.   D.   Gibbs Charlotte 

H.  E.   Story Charlotte 

EA-erett  L.    Smith Raleigh 

Howard    Branch Raleigh 

W.  T.  Martin Raleigh 

N.  P.  Maddux Asheville 

S.    R.   Horton Raleigh 

Cakolixa-Virgima  Clinic  Committee 
Paul  E.  Jones,   Chairman Farnivillc 

E.  N.  Lawrence Raleigh 

H.  K.  Thompson Wilmington 

Harry  Keel Winston-Salem 

C.  I.  Miller Albemarle 

Alfred  Schultz (Jreenville 

J.  E.  L.  Thomas Tarboro 


16  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Committee  on   Entertainment  of  A'isitoks 

J.  A.  Sinclair Aslu'villc 

J.  H.  Wlieeler (Jreciisltoro 

J.   M.   Flemins H:ilri.i,'li 

J.    S.   Spnrgeon Hillslwiro 

,7.  (".  AVatlvius Winstoii-Salcm 

H.  E.  Story Cliarlottc 

Puri.icity  Committee 

F.  O.  Alford.  Chili  mum Cliarlottc 

J.  ().  liroii.tihton WilniiiiL^tdii 

H.  L.  Kcitii Wihiiiii-tou 

L.  J.  Meredith Wilmini^loii 

(iuy   Pif;ford Wilmiii.utoii 

W.T.   Smith Wilmiiiiitou 

K.    Wcathersbee Wilinin«toii 

(JOLF   Committee 

C.  A.  Thomas.  ChuiniKin Wiliiiiimtoii 

J.  ().  Broushton Wilmin.trtoii 

James  H.  Smith Wilmiiiirtoii 

Entertainment   Committee 

Juiiiii.s  C.  Smith.   Ch<iinn(iii Wilmin.titon 

H.  K.  Thompson Wilmin.t^'ton 

K.  R.  Morrison Wilminj^ton 

(General  Arrangements  Committee 

H.  L.  Keith.  Chairman Wilmin.nt<pn 

B.  R.  Morrison WiUiiin,iit()n 

L.  J.  Meredith Wilmini^fon 

P^xtension   Course  Committee 

E.  B.  Howie.  Chairman Ralciiih 

J.  X.  Johnson Goldsboro 

Dennis  Keel Greensboro 

A.  H.  Fleming Limishurji 

T.  P.  Williamson Charh)tte 

Committee  on  Relations  of  Physicians  and  Dentists 

J.  M.  Flemin.!?.  Chairman Ralei.udi 

J.   S.   Betts (Jreenslioro 

E.  B.  Howie Raleijih 

F.  L.  Hunt Asheville 

W.  M.  Robey Charlotte 

Superintendent  of  Clinic   Committee 

Guy  Pit^ford.  Chairman Wilniin.nton 

E.  E.  Buie Lemon  Springs 

L.   J.   Dupree Kinston 

W.  F.  Mustian Warrenlon 

Dewey  Boseman Wilson 

James  H.  Smith Wilniington 


Board  of  IOxaminers 

E.  B.  Howie Raleigh 

John   A.   McClnng Wiiiston-Salcm 

Clyde  E.  Minges Rocky  Mount 

Ralph  Jarrett Charlotte 

Henry   C.   Carr Durham 

W.   F.   Bell A.sheville 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  17 


HOUSE  OF  dp:legates 

Officers    of    the    Society 

Ernest  A.  Branch.  President Raleish 

L.   M.   Edwards.   Presideut-EJrcf Durham 

J.  P.  Jones.  Vice-President Chapel  Hill 

D.  L.   Pridgen,   Secretarii-Treasurer Fayetteville 

Executive  Committee 

Z.   L.   Edwards.   Chairman Wasliin.eton 

R.  M.  Olive Fayetteville 

N.     Sheffield Greensboro 

Ethics  Committee 

J.  Martin  Fleming.  Chairman Raleigh 

J.    C.    Watkins Winston-Salem 

J.   W.   Whitehead Smithtield 

Board  of  Examiners 
Jno.  A.  McClung Winston-Salem 

E.  B.  Howie Raleigh 

First    District 

A.  C.  Current (Jastonia 

R.  A.  Little Asheville 

S.   E.  Moser Gastonia 

J.   A.   Young Newton 

C.  S.  McCall Forest  City 

Second  District 

Burke   W.   Fox Charlotte 

E.  S.  Hamilton Charlotte 

Harry  Keel Winston-Salem 

C.  M.   Parks Winston-Salem 

D.  W.  Holcomb Winston-Salem 

Third   District 

C.  I.    Miller Albemarle 

T.  E.  Sikes Greensboro 

J.  T.  Lasley Greensboro 

0.  L.  Presnell Asheboro 

D.  K.  Lockhart Durham 

Fourth   District 

1.  H.  Hoyle Henderson 

L.  J.  Moore St.   Pauls 

J.   W.   Whitehead Smithtield 

A.  H.  Fleming Louisburg 

Will)ert  .Tackson Clinton 

Fifth   District 

H.   K.  Thomi)Son Wilmington 

W.  L.  Hand New  Bern 

J.   X.   Johnson (iohlsboro 

H.  L.  Keith Wilmington 

H.  E.  Nixon Elizabeth  City 


Delegates  to  A.  D.  A. 

1.  Clyde    E.    Minges 

2.  Wilbert  Jackson 

3.  (To  be  p:iected) 


1)1!.   P.  P.  McCain 


Dr.  Robert  K.  Brow.n 


Dr.  Harry  Lyons 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  19 


Robert  K.  Brown,  D.D.S.,  M.S.,  F.A.C.D.,  1919  University 
of  Michigan  School  of  Dentistry.  M.S.,  in  Psychology, 
University  of  Michigan  1928.  Fellow  International  Col- 
lege of  Dentists  1929.  Professor  of  Operative  Dentistry 
and  Director  of  the  Operative  Clinic  at  the  same  institu- 
tion. He  will  appear  on  the  program  Monday  morning, 
June  18th,  discussing  "The  Effect  of  New  Information 
on  the  Manipulation  of  Alloys  in  Amalgam  Restorations." 
Dr.  Brown  will  appear  on  the  program  Monday  evening, 
June  18th,  discussing  "The  Amalgam  Restoration."  Dr. 
Brown  will  again  appear  on  the  program  Wednesday  morn- 
ing, June  20th,  discussing  "Personality  Measurements." 


Harry  Lyons,  D.D.S.,  Medical  College  of  Virginia.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Periodontology  and 
the  International  Association  for  Dental  Research,  also 
Professor  of  Periodontia  and  Oral  Pathology  at  the  Medical 
College  of  Virginia.  He  will  appear  on  the  program  Tues- 
day morning,  June  19th,  discussing  "Technical  Procedures 
in  Periodontology." 


P.  P.  McCain,  A.B.,  M.D.,  F.A.C.D.,  is  President  of  the  North 
Carolina  Medical  Society  and  is  Superintendent  and  Medi- 
cal Director  of  the  State  Sanatorium.  Dr.  McCain  Avill 
appear  on  the  program  on  Wednesday  morning  to  discuss 
"Child  Tuberculosis." 


BRING     THIS     PROGRAM     WITH     YOU 


20  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

ENTERTAINMENT 

Monday,  June  18th 

AT  3  :00  P.M. 

Automobile  trip  for  the  ladies,  carrying  you  to  the  Dow  Chem- 
ical Company  (the  only  plant  in  the  world  that  extracts  bromine 
from  the  ocean).  From  there  you  visit  historic  old  Fort  Fisher 
which  defended  your  State  during  the  Civil  War.  Then  on  to 
Kure's  Beach,  Wilmington  Beach,  Carolina  Beach  and  back  to 
Wilmington. 

Monday,  June  18th 

AT  8  :00  P.  M. 

For  those  interested :  there  will  be  a  baseball  game  at  Bellamy 
Park  beginning  at  8 :00  o'clock,  Monday  night,  Wilmington  vs. 
Norfolk. 

Tuesday,  June  19th 

AT  11 :00  A.M. 

Bridge-luncheon  on  the  ocean  front  porch  of  the  Seashore  Hotel 
at  Wrightsville  Beach.  Ladies  Avill  please  meet  in  the  Cape  Fear 
Hotel  lobby  at  10  :00  a.m.  Beach  car  will  be  chartered  to  take  you 
down  and  bring  you  back  at  3  :00  o'clock. 

Tuesday,  June  19th 

AT  6:30  P.M. 

Banquet  at  the  Cape  Fear  Hotel.  Ladies  especially  iftivited. 
Music  will  be  furnished  by  Eric  Peterson  and  his  lO-piece  or- 
chestra. (During  the  past  season  this  orchestra  played  at  Auby's 
Lagoon,  Miami  Beach,  Florida,  and  the  Rineland  Gardens  in  New 
York.)  Now  playing  at  the  Harbor  Island  Casino,  Wrightsville 
Beach. 

Tuesday,  June  19th 

AT  10:00  P.M. 

North  Carolina  Dental  Society  Ball  at  Harbor  Island  Casino. 
Eric  Peterson  will  entertain  you  and  will  have  with  him  several 
big  time  acts — Irma  Davies,  Rudolph  and  Chiquita,  the  Reynolds 
Sisters  and  others. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society         21 

Wednesday,  June  20th 
AT  9  :30  A.  M. 
Dr.  R.  K.  Brown  of  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  will  give  a  lecture 
on   "Personality  Measurements,"   to  which   all  of   the  ladies   are 
cordially  invited  to  attend. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION 

Registration 

The  registration  desk  will  be  located  on  the  mezzanine  floor 
of  the  hotel,  and  registration  Avill  begin  at  8  :00  o'clock  Monday 
morning.  The  system  of  registration  that  was  adopted  last  year 
will  be  used  again  this  year,  viz. :  members  will  register  with  their 
respective  district  secretaries,  who  will  be  present  for  that  purpose 
and  for  collecting  dues  from  any  who  might  have  overlooked 
that  detail.  Then,  when  the  registration  card,  approved  by  the 
district  secretary,  is  presented  at  the  desk  indicated,  a  badge  will 
be  issued.  No  one  ivill  he  admitted  to  the  convention  hall  or  the 
clinic  rooms  unless  wearirig  this  badge  in  full  sight. 

Visiting  members  of  the  American  Dental  Association  may 
secure  badges  upon  registering  and  presenting  their  1934  member- 
ship cards. 

Badges  will  be  issued  to  representatives  of  firms  exhibiting  at 
the  meeting. 

Members  may  register  and  secure  badges  for  their  wives  and 
members  of  their  immediate  families  by  filling  out  a  card  and 
afiixing  their  signature. 

General   Sessions   and  Essayists 

All  general  sessions  will  be  held  in  the  ballroom  of  the  hotel, 
and  out  of  courtesy  to  our  essayists,  members  are  urged  to  be  in 
their  seats  on  time  and  remain  until  the  meeting  is  adjourned. 

It  has  been  decided  to  omit  the  usual  formal  discussions,  the 
Program-Clinic  Committee  agreeing  with  Dr.  Thomas  of  Chicago 
that — "A  man  believed  to  be  an  authority  on  a  subject  can  make 
his  theme  effective  and  convincing  without  extra  aid.  He  can  be 
happy  without  the  flattery  that  usually  goes  with  the  first  para- 
graph and  the  misunderstanding  that  usually  fills  the  rest." 

A  brief  classroom  discussion,  with  questions  and  answers  seems 
a  more  practical  method  of  bringing  out  desired  information,  and 
our  schedule  is  arranged  with  this  in  view. 


22  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Denial  Society 

Local  Clinics 

At  this  meeting  a  different  arrangement  will  be  tried  with  our 
local  clinics  on  Monday  afternoon.  You  will  observe  that  they 
have  been  divided  into  four  sections.  The  sections  will  be  located 
in  separate  rooms,  and  will  operate  simultaneously  according  to 
published  schedule.  Each  clinic  of  these  sections  will  be  given 
only  once.  Thus  members  may  see  one  section  in  its  entirety,  or 
choose  those  clinics  of  the  different  sections  which  they  wish  to 
see  and  move  from  the  clinic  in  one  section  to  the  next  section. 
All  these  clinics  will  begin  promptly  according  to  the  program 
schedule. 

Progressive  Clinics 

Our  progressive  clinics  will  be  staged  as  heretofore  on  Tuesday 
afternoon.  Clinic  cards  for  these  will  be  issued  to  each  member 
and  visiting  dentist  upon  registration. 

Banquet 

Our  annual  banquet  has  always  proven  a  most  enjoyable  part 
of  our  convention,  and  this  year  will  be  no  exception.  Tickets 
will  be  on  sale  at  the  registration  desk,  and  all  who  desire  to 
attend  are  urged  to  purchase  tickets  on  Monday.  This  will  be  our 
only  means  of  determining  the  number  for  whom  to  provide. 

Chairmen  of  Committees  will  please  make  their  reports  to  the 
House  of  Delegates  in  writing.  This  will  save  both  time  and 
money. 

Your  cooperation  in  all  the  above  will  be  of  material  aid,  and 
will  facilitate  considerable  detail. 


HOTELS 

Seashore  Hotel — American  Plan,  Wrkjhtsville  Beach 

Two  to  the  room,  one  bed,  without  bath $3.50  each  per  day 

One  to  the  room,  without  bath $4.00  each  per  day 

Two  to  the  room,  one  bed,  with  bath $4.00  each  per  day 

One  to  the  room,  M'ith  bath $5.00  each  per  day 

Two  to  the  room,  two  beds,  with  bath $4.50  each  per  day 

All  corner  rooms  $1.00  above  quoted  prices. 

Hotel  Cape  Fear — Wilmington 

Single  Rooms  $2.50  to  $3.50 

Double  Rooms $3.50  to  $6.00 

Hotel  Wilmington — Wilmington 

Rooms  without  bath  $1.75 

Rooms  with  bath  $2.25  and  $2.50 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  23 

PROGRAM 

JSToRTH  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Hotel   Cape   Fear 
Wiliuin.utoii,  N.  C 

June  18,  19.  20,  1934 


Monday  Morning,  June  18th 

8  :00  A.  M. 
Registration — (Mezzanine)  Hotel  Cape  Fear. 

9  :30  A.  M. 
Opening  Session — (Ball  Room). 

Invocation Rer.  A.  T.  Braiitleii.  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

(Pastor,  Trinity  Methodist  Church) 

Address  of  Welcome     .       .       Hon.  John  J.  Buriieii.  Wilmington.  N.  C. 

( City  Attorney ) 

Response  to  Address  of  Welcome — 

Curl  P.  Xorris.  Z).Z>.»s'..  Durham,  N.  C. 

President's  Address     .       .       Er)iefit  A.  Br<nich.  D.D.S..  Raleigh.  N.  C. 

Report  of  Necrology  Committee — 

J.  S.  Betts,  D.D.S.,  Chairman.  Greensboro,  N.  C. 

10  :30  A.  M. 
"Malignancy  of  the  Oral  Cavity" — 

C.  C.  Carpenter,  M.D.,  Wake  Forest,  N.  C. 

11:00  A.  M. 
"The  Effect  of  New  Iivformatiox  ox  the  Manipulation  of 
Alloys  in  Amaujam  Restorations" — 

N.  K.  Broun.  D.D.8.,  M.S.,  Ann  Arbor.  Mich. 
( University  of  Michigan  ) 

(This  lecture  will  cover  the  important  things  which  have  clinical 
significance  that  have  developed  in  the  field  of  amalgams  since  speci- 
fications  were   adopted    b>    tlie   American    Dental    Association    in    1929.) 

12  :15  P.  M. 
Meeting  of  House  of  Delegates. 

1  :00  P.  M. 
Lunch  Hour. 

VISIT  THE        EXHIBITS 


24  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Monday  Afternoon,  Jtne  18tm 

2  :00  P.  M. 

CLINICS— NORTH  CAROLINA  DENTAL   SOCIl<7rY 

Each    of    thost'    clinics    will    be    given    only    once. 

You  may  select  the  ones  which  appeal  most  to  you. 

Section  on  Crown  and  BRin(;E-woKK 

Dr.  ,T.  E.  Swindei^l.  Chdirnimi 

(Sun   Porch) 

2  :00  P.  M. 
"Ma>'ipitlation  of  Amalgam  from  a  Practical  Stanupoint" — 

J.    R.   Bell.   IJ.D.S.,   (liarlotte,   N.   C. 

3  :00  P.  M. 
"Wrought  Wire  Clasps  axd  Matrix  Clasps  for 

Partial  Dentures"       .       ./.  P.  Bingham.  D.D.S..  Lexinjiton,  N.  C. 

4  :00  P.  M. 
"Repair  Work  on  P"'ixed  Bridges" — 

W.  L.  Hand.  D.D.t^.,  New  Bern,  N.  C. 

Section  on  Children's  Dentistry 

Dr.  R.  Philip  Melvin.  Chainnan 

(Dining  Room,  on  Mezzanine  Floor) 

2  :00  P.  M. 
"Treating  the  Child  Patient  With  Special  Reference  to 

Space  Maintainers"     .        Wdltvr  K.  Clark.  D.D.I^..  Asheville,  N.  C. 

2  :30  P.  M. 
"Education  of  the  Child  Patient  to  Dental  Needs" — 

M.  R.  ^Smith.  D.D.S..  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

3  :0;3  P.  M. 

"The  Pollock  Fixed-Removahle  Orthodontia  Appliance 

Featuring  the  Recurrent  Loop  for  Both  Arches" — 

Geo.  r.   Hull.  D.D.S..  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

3  :30  P.  M. 
"Some  Etiological  Factors  in  Malocclusion  and  Oilvl 

Deformities"    ....       G.  Fred  Hale.  D.D.S..  RaU'liih,  N.  C. 

4:00  P.  M. 
"Ethyl  Chloride  as  a  General  Anesthetic  for  Children" — 

R.  M.  Olive.  D.D.H..  Fa.vetteville.  \.  C. 

VISIT  THE         EXHIBITS 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  25 


Section  on  Prosthetic  Dentistry 

Dr.  J.  W.  Whitehead,   Chairman 
(Ball  Room) 

2  :00  P.  M. 

"Thermo-plastic  Denture  Bases" — 

E.  M.  Mcdlin,  D.D.S.,  Aberdeen,  N.  C. 

3  :00  P.  M. 

"A  Practical  Method  of  Taking  an  Edentulous  Mandibutlar 

Impression"     .       .       .       H.  M.  Johnson.  D.D.S.,  Greenville,  N.  C. 

4:00  P.M. 
"Taking  the  Bite  for  Full  Dentures" — 

R.  L.  Simpson.  A.M..  D.D.S..  F.A.C.D..   Richmond,  Va. 

(This  is   a  clinical   lecture  presenting   a   method    by    which   the   follow- 
ing^ may  be  easily  established : 

1.  How  wide  to  open  the  bite 

2.  Length  of  lower  teeth 

3.  Length   of  upper  teeth    (approximately) 

4.  Median  line 

5.  Centric  relation 

6.  Occlusal  plane 

7.  Angle   of  occlusal   plane    (approximately) 

8.  Balanced   occlusion 

9.  Why  no  bite  block  can   indicate  width   of  six  anterior  teeth. 

"Without    the    use    of    anatomical    articulator,     face    bow,     Gothic    arch 
tracing,     condyle    path     tracing,     and    with    no    immediate    re-basing.) 


Section  on  Periodontia 

Dr.  Wallace  D.  Gibbs,  Chairman 
(Studio,  on  First  Floor) 

2  :00  P.  M. 
"DuNLOP  Method  of  Treating  Pyorrheia  Pockets" — 

C.  D.  Bain,  D.D.S.,  Dunn,  N.  C. 

2  :30  P.  M. 
"Periodontal  Treatment  for  the  (General  Practitioner" — 

A.  Pitt  Beam,  D.D.S.,  Shelby,  N.  C. 

3  :00  P.  M. 

"The  Relationship  of  Impacted  Teeth  to  Periodontoclasia 

and  Vincent's"    .       .       Harold  E.  Htori/.  D.D.S.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

3  :30  P.  M. 
"Some  Etiological  Factors  in  Periodontia  and  Some  Case 

Treatments  of  Interest  to  the  General  Practitioner" — 

John  L.  Ashhy,  D.D.S.,  Mount  Air.v,  N.  C. 

y     I     S     I     T  T     II     E         K     X     H     I     B     1     T     S 


26  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

Monday  Evkmkg,   Jtne   ISrir 

8:15  P.M. 

"Operative  Pko(  edukes  in  Oral  Surgery'" — 

Thomaa  Conner,  D.D.S..  Atlanta.  Ga. 

(Motion  pictures  and  lanlern  slirles  will  be  presented  to  portray  the 
operative  procedure  in   cj  sts,   malignancies,   and   exodontia,  i 

9:30  P.M. 

"The  Amalgam  Restoration" — 

/?.  K.  Broini.  D.D.S..  M.S..  Ann  Arbor.  Mich. 

(This  lecture  will  describe  the  application  to  clinical  practice  of  the 
findings  discussed  in  Dr.  Brown's  first  lecture  Monday  morning.  It 
will  cover  the  necessity  for  changes  in  cavity  preparation,  the  use  of 
cavity  liner  to  obtain  the  best  results,  and  the  advisability  of  using  the 
amalgam  inlay. ) 

Tuesday  Morning,  June  19th 

9  :00  A.  M. 

"The  Business  Phase  of  Dentistry  for  Children" — 

Walter  C.   McBride.   D.D.S.,   Detroit.   Mich. 

(This  lecture  embodies  an  intimate  discussion  of  the  fee  question 
including  estimates,  mtthods  of  collection,  an  analysis  of  income 
sources,    and   suggested    practice    builders   and    maintainers.  ) 

10:15  A.M. 

"Technical  Procedures  in  Periodontology " — 

Harrii  Lijonx.  P.D.S..  Uiclimond,  Ya. 
(Medical   CoIle.se   of   Virginia.) 

This  presentation  will  be  an  illustrated  discussion  of  the  rational 
therapy  of  chronic  periodontoclasia.  The  procedures  advised  will  be 
based  on  fundamental  principles  of  periodontal  pathology.  These  will 
be  illustrated  by  original  photo-micrographs  of  human  material.  The 
establishment  of  normal  dental  function  will  be  described  in  detail. 
X-Ray  studies  of  treated  cases  showing  bone  regeneration  will  be  pre- 
sented and  the  method  of  treatment  described. 


1 1  :00  A.  M. 

"SOCIO-ECONOMICS    OF    HEALTH    SERVICE" 

Bissell  B.  Palmer,  D.D.S..  F.A.C.D..  New  Yorlv  City, 

(This  lecture  will  review  the  background  of  social  legislation  affect- 
ing the  health  services;  current  trends;  the  importance  of  primary 
patterns;  dangers  in  the  situation;  state  dentistry;  insurance  den- 
tistry; the  importance  of  a  progressive  attitude,  and  a  plan  that  may 
lie   a   possible   solution   of   the   problem.) 

1 :00  P.  M. 
Lunch  Hour. 


VISIT  THE         EXHIBITS 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  27 

Tuesday  Afternoon,  June  19th 

2  :00  P.  M. 

PRO(iRESsiVE  Clinics,  Visiting  Clinicians 

(Admission  by  Card) 

2  :00  P.  M. 

Section       I — Dr.  Walter  V.  McBride  (Sun  Puieh). 

Section     II — Dr.  Thomas  Conner  (Dining  Room,  on  Mezzanine). 

Section  III— Dr.  E.  K.  Brown  (Ball  Room). 

3  :00  P.  M. 
Section       I — Dr.  Thomas  Conner. 
Section     II — Dr.  R.  K.  Brotcn. 
Section  III— £>/-.  Walter  C.  McBride. 

4:00  P.M. 
Section       I — Dr.  R.  K.  Broirn. 
Section     II- -Dr.  Walter  C.  McBride. 
Section  III — Dr.  Thomas  Conner. 

In  the  Progressive  Clinics  Dr.  Conner  will  discuss  osteomyelitis,  frac- 
tures, exodontia,  and  post-operative  treatment.  He  will  also  be  glad 
to  give  his  opinion  on  x-rays  brought  in  b5^  the  dentists  attending 
his   clinic. 

Dr.  McBride  will  give  a  lecture  clinic  on  "Operative  Procedures  in 
Children's  Dentistry,"  considering  treatment  of  vital  and  non-vital 
deciduous  teeth,  cavity  preparation,  sterilization,  matrices,  filling 
materials,  extraction  and  space  maintenance,  and  the  care  of  fractured 
anterior  teeth. 

Dr.  Brown's  subject  will  be  "Clinical  Procedures  in  Making  an 
Amalgam  Restoration."  The  amalgam  technic  as  used  at  the  School 
of  Dentistry,  University  of  Michigan,  will  be  presented  in  the  fol- 
lowing sequence: 

1.  Cavity  preparation 

2.  Use  of  matrices 

Z.    Selection   and   manipulation   of   the   alloy 

4.  Condensing,    packing,    and    adapting    the    amalgam    to    the    cavity 
to   make  a   tight  plug 

5.  Carving  and  contouring  the  restoration 

6.  Final  finish  and  polishing 

7.  Subsequent  care. 

5  :00  P.  M. 
Meeting  ov  House  of  Delegates. 

Tuesday   Eveninc;,   June   19th 

6  :30  P.  M. 

Banquet — Main  Dininji  Room  of  the  Cape  Fear  Hotel. 

Toastmaster — Mr.  Ray  Fiinderhurk.  Wilmington,  N.  C. 
(Superintendent  New  Hanover  County  Schools) 

Present ATio.x  of  Pkesii)Ent".s  Emiu.em. 
Music  :  Eric  Petersen  and  his  orchestra. 

VISIT  THE         EXHIBITS 


28  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 

8  :30  P.  M. 
(Ienekal  Session — 

Election  of  Officers. 

Election  of  Two  Members  to  the  Board  of  Examiners. 

Election  of  Delejiate  and  Alternates   to  A.   1>.  A. 

Election  of  Place  for  Xext  Meetintr. 

10:00  P.M. 

Dance:    Harbor  Island  (".isino,  Wriglitsville — 

Erie  Peterson   Orcheatra. 


Wednesday   Morning,   Ji'ne   20th 

9  :00  A.  M. 
'Childhood  Tuberculosis"      .       P.  P.  McCain.  M.D..  Sanatorium,  N.  C. 

9  :30  A.  M. 

'Person AMTY  Measurements" — 

R.  K.  Brown.  D.D.t<..  M.8..  Ann  Arbor,   Mich. 

(This  lecture  gives  the  results  of  a  live-years'  study  on  what  traits 
of  personality  appear  to  be  essential  for  the  successful  practice  of 
dentistry. 

It  presents  a  method  by  which  an  individual  may  have  himself 
analyzed  in  regard  to  these  traits  and  how  he  may  institute  a  pro- 
gram  for  self-improvement. 

Examples  will  be  cited  depicting  actual  cases  and  the  possible  bene- 
fits that  could  arise  to  the  individual  if  he  applied  the  findings  of 
this   study   in   an   attempt   to    integrate   his   personality.) 


10:30  A.M. 

"The  Value  of  Blood  IOxamination  in  Oral  Lesions" — 

./.  A.  Sinclair,  D.D.S.,  Asheville,  N.  C. 

(This  paper  will  deal  with  infection,  resistance,  and  immunity;  and 
something  will  be  said  regarding  the  pyorrliea  pocket — the  reason  why 
a  pyorrhea  pocket  heals  after  extraction  of  the  tooth,  and  the  result 
of   the   extraction    of   too    many   infected    teeth    at   one   time.) 


11:30  A.M. 
Meeting  of  House  of  Delegates. 
Geineral  Session. 
Installation  of  Officers. 
Adjournment. 


VISIT  THE         EXHIBITS 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  29 


DISTRICT  SC^C'IETY  OFFICP]RS 

First    District 

President A.  C.  Current 

President-Elect j.  F.  Reeee 

Vice-President D.   H.   Crawford 

Secretanj-Trrasin-er C.   S.  McCall 

Editor S.  E.  Moser 

Second   District 

President C.  M.  Parks 

President-Elect F.  O.  Alford 

Vice-President ; j.  u    Nicholson 

Secretary-Treasurer D.  W.  Holcomh 

Third   District 

President C.   I.   Miller 

President-Elect X.  E.   Sikes 

Secret ani-Treasnrer j   '£    Lasley 

l^^iior ";e.  M.Medliii 

Fourth  District 

President I.  h.  Hovle 

President-Elect G.   L.   Hooper 

Vice-President j    ^r    Branham 

Secretary-Treasurer j^    j    i\Xoore 

^^''^'"' Z'ZZ^Zr.  m'  Squires 

Fifth   District 

President H.  K.  Thompson 

President-Elect Paul  Fitzs-erald 

Vice-President O.   J.   Bender 

Secretary-Treasurer ^x    i^    Hand 


Ifn  Mlemoriam 


DR.  CHARLES  L.  ALEXANDER 

Charlotte 


DR.  P.  B.  CONE  DR.  J.  E.  WYCHE 

Williamston  Greensboro 


DR.    DELIA   DIXON    CARROLL 

February  4,  1872— May  16,  1934 
Raleig-h 


By   still    water   they    would    rest 
In  the  shaddw  of  the  tree. 
After    battle,    sleep   is   Itest, 
After  noise,  tran(iuility. 

— Alfred   Lard   Tennyson. 


30  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


DISTRICT  SOCIETIES 


FIRST  DISTRICT 

111  the  sprinjitime  when  nature  buds  forth  in  all  her  }?randeur  and 
beauty,  in  the  spriiijitime  when  a  youiifr  man's  fancy  turns  to  love, 
in  the  spriii.i;:time  when  so  many  things  of  rare  charm  and  beauty  claim 
our  attention  that  only  a  bare  minimum  who  have  drifted  into  the 
narrowest  rut  can  think  of  the  same  thing  long  at  a  time — but  who 
wants  to  think  of  the  same  thin.!;  all  the  time?  In  the  springtime 
is  when  all  dentists  should  be  thinking  about  the  approaching  State 
meeting  and  making  ready  to  attend.  I  for  one  am  getting  real  hungry 
for  the  time,  in  fact  I  am  al»out  ready  to  offer  a  motion  that  we  make 
our  State  meeting  a  semi-anmial  affair.  It  seems  too  long  between 
meetings.  Some  one  is  going  to  say.  he  means  it  seems  too  long  between 
drinks.  You  may  have  the  privilege  of  putting  your  own  construction 
on  what  I  mean  but  here  is  what  I  do  earnestly  and  sincerely  mean  ; 
YOU  as  a  practicing  dentist  in  the  First  District  ow'e  it  to  yourself 
to  attend  our  State  meeting.  It  isn't  a  duty  it  is  a  privilege  and  most 
all  of  us  know  from  regular  attendance  in  the  past  that  it  is  one  of 
the  rare  treats  of  the  year  to  which  we  are  always  looking  forward. 
Come  on  boys  let's  all  get  ready  to  go  to  Wrightsville  Beach.  We  are 
getting  more  and  more  convention  wise  here  in  the  First  District  and 
I  regret  that  time  and  space  does  not  permit  adequate  comment  on 
some  of  the  things  that  are  taking  place  around  these  parts.  I  would 
like  to  say  however  that  my  last  article  in  the  Bulletin  was  con- 
siderably in  error  as  regards  the  Rutherford  County  Dental  Society.  We 
stated  that  it  is  coming  into  its  own  again,  when  as  a  matter  of  fact 
this  society  weathered  the  storm  in  grand  style  and  has  never  failed 
to  function  on  a  very  commendable  scale.  I  trust  the  boys  up  there 
will  accept  my  apology. 

Let  me  say  again  that  I  am  looking  for  all  you  boys  in  the  First 
restrict  down  at  Wrightsville ;  not  for  any  selfish  motive,  not  for  a 
show  from  our  district  but  to  enjoy  the  fellowship,  friendship,  social 
entertainment,  and  professional  edification  all  of  which  this  occasion 
will  furnish  in  abundance. 

A.  C.  Current, 
President  First  Distriet. 


SECOND  DISTRICT 

The  sixtieth  annual  meeting  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 
is  just  ahead  of  us.  It  will  be  held  in  Wilmington,  .Tune  18th,  19th,  and 
20tli.  Your  officers  and  committees  have  prepared  a  program  that  will 
be  well  worth  the  time  and  expense  for  you  to  attend.  They  have 
worked  hard  to  make  this  meeting  both  profitable  and  entertaining  for 
you.  Why  not  express  your  appreciation  to  them  by  being  in  attendance 
the  full  three  days?  It  will  do  you  good  to  come  out  and  associate  with 
your  fellow  dentist.  Get  his  ideas  about  things.  They  may  not  be  worth 
a  darn,  but  it  will  be  food  for  thought  anyway.  And  the  interchange  of 
ideas  is  the  foundation  of  all  progress. 

You  know  a  worth-while  meeting  cannot  be  put  on  without  a  certain 
amount  of  necessary  expense.  This  expense  is  paid  chiefly  from  the 
dues  that  you  and  I  pay  to  the  Society.    So  let  me  urge  you.  if  you  have 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  31 


not  paid  your  dues,  to  do  so  now.  Don't  wait  until  you  get  to  Wilming- 
ton to  do  it.  It  is  iin  added  liardsliii)  on  your  district  secretary,  (iive 
liim  a  "break."  He  would  like  to  be  able  to  attend  the  lectures  and 
clinics,  and  not  spend  half  his  time  collecting  dues.  Mail  him  a  check 
now. 

The  Second  District,  at  the  present  time,  stands  about  "fifty-tifty." 
In  other  words,  about  half  the  normal  membership  has  paid.  Among 
those  who  have  not  paid,  there  are  several  who  will  come  up  for 
suspension  at  Wilmington  unless  they  "ante  up."  Let  me  especially 
urge  them  to  pay  up  and  avoid  suspension.  The  "bargain  rate"  of 
seventeen  dollars  for  reinstatement  was  passed  for  one  year  only,  and 
may  not  be  extended.  Furthermore,  the  payment  of  twenty-five  consecu- 
tive years  entitles  a  member  to  life  membership  in  the  State  and 
District  Societies.  He  cannot  pay  ten  years,  become  suspended  and 
continue  for  fifteen  more  years.  He  must  then  begin  all  over  again. 
This  point  should  be  worth  serious  consideration.  Membership  in  the 
North  Carolina  Dental  Society  should  be  one  of  our  most  valued 
pos.sessions,  and  especially  should  life  membership  be  something  worth 
striving  for.  So  let's  pay  our  dues  to  the  organization  that  has  done 
so  much  for  our  profession  in  this  State,  and  attend  the  annual  meet- 
ing in  June.  It  will  be  time  and  money  spent  for  the  advancement  of 
yourself  and  your  profession.  The  Wilmington  boys  are  expecting  you. 
Don't  fail  them.  C.  M.  Parks/ 

President  Second  District. 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  will  be 
held  within  the  next  few  weeks  at  Wilmington.  Now  is  the  time  tt) 
start  planning  this  event. 

We,  as  purveyors  of  better  health  and  mouth  hygiene,  should  take 
inventory  of  our  stock  and  knowledge  of  the  profession  and  remember 
the  things  wherein  we  have  fallen  short  of  the  best  service  we  might 
have  rendered  our  patients.  With  this  in  mind  we  will  find  at  our 
meeting  just  the  things  we  need  most. 

The  Program  Committee  is  exerting  its  best  efforts  to  obtain  essay- 
ists and  clinicians  who  can  give  us  a  program  in  keeping  with  the  high 
standard  the  society  has  always  maintained.  It  would  be  almost  unfair 
to  yourself  and  patients  should  you  miss  this  meeting. 

The  Entertainment  Committee  is  planning  some  unique  features 
that  will  be  enjoyed  by  all  of  us  and  which  you  will  be  sorry  if  you 
miss.  Also  there  are  two  beaches  nearby,  so  don't  forget  to  include 
your  swimming  suit   when   you   pack   your   belongings. 

The  district  secretaries  may  continue  to  accept  dues  from  suspended 
members  on  the  compromise  basis  up  to  the  time  of  the  meeting  at 
which   time  the  offer   will  expire. 

Let's  get  busy  fellows  and  plan  to  attend  this  meeting. 

D.  W.  HoLCOMB,  Secretary-Treasurer, 

Second  District  Dental  Society. 

THIRD  DISTRICT 

There  are  many  things  for  which  we  should  be  thankful  at  this  time. 
First,  we  are  graduiilly  recovering  from  the  depression  which  has 
almost  stifled  the  aspirations  of  the  strongest.  But  the  American  people 
are  not  quitters,  the  harder  they  are  pressed,  the  harder  they  fight. 
To  beat  a  retreat  is  foreign  to  the  red-blooded  American.  So  it  behcjoves 
us   to    back    our   great    President    in    his    eaiiiest    desire    to    bring    this 


32  The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


Kei>uV)lic   out   of   the   confusion   and   distrust    to   whicli    we   have  fallen 
into.    A  newer  and  hri^hter  day  for  all. 

Then  we  haA'e  cause  to  be  thankful  that  Providence  has  been  so 
charitable  toward  us  duriufi  the  past  year.  Few  have  been  taken  from 
our  ranks  to  answer  the  last  call. 

Thirdly,  within  the  next  fifty  days  we  will  meet  in  one  body  with 
the  other  four  districts  in  Wilmington.  This  is  to  be  a  itrreat  meeting 
and  it  cannot  lie  accomplished  without  combined  interest  and  coiipera- 
tion  of  every  member  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society.  I  want 
to  emphasize  the  importance  of  all  members  of  the  Third  District  to 
attend  all  these  meetings.  Make  your  arrangements  now  to  go  to 
Wilmington.  June  18-20.  and  help  make  this  meeting  the  best  in  the 
history  of  the  Association.  You  need  tlie  break  from  the  daily  grind. 
Tlie  contacts  and  fellowship  will  stimulate  you  and  you  will  return 
feeling  better  for  having  had  a  part  in  the  great  forward  movement  to 
keep  our  profession  abreast  with  the  times.  There  are  conditions  and 
forces  in  this  country  tliat  will  tear  down  the  high  ideals  of  the  pro- 
fession, and  the  best  weapon  to  tight  these  forces  is  organized  and 
enlightened  dentistry.  You  will  be  a  more  enthusiastic  tighter  if  you 
attend  all  the  district  and  State  meetings  possible.  There  is  nothing 
lost  by  leaving  your  office  for  a  few  days.  There  is  always  something 
worth  while  in  every  program,  so  pack  up,  stock  up.  and  go  to  Wil- 
mington with  your  enthusiasm  100  per  cent,  and  then  there  will  be  no 
retrogression  from  the  ideals  and  purposes  for  which  the  North  Caro- 
lina Dental  Society  has  fought  so  untiringly. 

Charles   J.   Miller. 
President  Third  Distriet. 


PINEHUKST  19;]5 

This  article  is  a  form  of  an  invitation  to  North  Carolina  dentists 
to  meet  in  Pinehurst  in  1935.  My  first  reason  for  extending  it  this  way 
is  that  while  up  before  the  session  I  miglit  forget  some  of  the  many 
advantages  and  second,  time  does  not  permit  lengthy  oral  invitations. 
Another  reason  is  that  I  prefer  doing  otlier  things  at  the  meeting  to 
soliciting  votes  for  a  convention  place. 

The  statement  that  it  is  no  farther  from  Manteo  to  Murphy  than 
it  is  from  Murphy  to  Manteo  sounds  very  good.  I  think  once  in  a  while 
it  is  all  right  to  meet  in  extreme  sections  but  on  the  wliole  I  believe  you 
will  agree  with  me  that  the  meeting  place  should  be  more  or  less 
centrally  located  for  better  results. 

Mr.  Emery  wiio  is  in  charge  of  conventions  asked  the  other  day  why 
the  dental  society  didn't  meet  in  Pinehurst  anymore,  making  the  re- 
mark that  State  bankers  had  met  here  for  seven  consecutive  years  and 
physicians  practically  every  year  during  that  time.  My  reply  was  that 
possibly  tlie  rates  had  something  to  do  with  it.  He  reminded  me  that 
rates  have  been  reduced,  two  in  room.  $7.00.  The  physicians  are  getting 
a  special  rate  this  year  with  a  slightly  restricted  menu  for  $6.00.  The 
Berkshire  Hotel  and  Holly  Inn.  both  American  plan,  give  rates  of  $r».00 
per  day.    They  are  located  within  3  blocks  of  the  Carolina. 

Y^ou  get  the  same  advantages  in  Pinehurst  as  you  do  in  our  cities 
witliout  the  disadvantages. 

The  question  of  sentiment  as  to  a  meeting  place  is  fine.  I  know  of 
no  place  in  the  State  where  that  i-eason  is  more  appropriate  than  Pine- 
hurst.   The  pioneers  who  took  a  strip  of  our  State  covered  with  black- 


The  Bullet  hi  of  the  Xorfh   Carolina  Dental  Society         33 

jacks  and  converted  it  to  one  of  tlie  most  beautiful  spots  to  be  found 
are  due  a  debt  of  gratitude.  They  have  made  it  a  life's  business  to  -nve 
visitors  who  came  here  a  good  time.  Thousan.ls  have  heard  about  an.l 
Msited  Aorth  (  arolina  on  account  of  Pinehurst. 

I  un.semshl.v  believe  the  North  ('arolina  Dental  Societv  would  do  well 
to   meet  in   Pinehurst  in   1935. 

p].  M.  Medlin, 
Editor,  Third  District. 


We  are   looking  forward  to  this  I)eing  one  of  our  best  vears 

The  Third  District  entered  1934  with  the  largest  membershin  i„  its 
history,  and  with  a  united  effort,  we  plan  to  go  forward 

Dentistry  in  North  Carolina  has  undertaken  and  accomplished  many 
things  in  the  past  few  years  which  have  attracted  nation-wide  attention 
Among  these  I  will  mention  only  two :  Its  laws  and  its  united  effort  iii 
the  Dental  Health  Survey.  I  have  not  heard  the  total  number  of  chil- 
dren examined  in  the  State,  but  judging  from  the  total  in  mv  own 
county.  I  will  be  safe  in  saying  that  North  Carolina  will  lead  the' states 
m  the  number  of  children  examined— taking  it  on  the  per  capita  basis 

well,  springtime  is  with  us  again  and  with  spring  comes  our  State 
meeting  and  it  is  time  to  begin  planning  to  take  that  trip  to  Wilming- 
ton and  the  State  meeting  which  is  to  be  held  in  .Tune.  As  a  littfe 
tip  to  you.  It  IS  going  to  l)e  something  that  will  be  of  interest  to  us  as 

specialisr'"''''^'^'""""'   ''"'^   ^"'''"'''  '^"""■''^'   ^''  ^'"''^  "^'^  attention  of'the 

Spejiking  about  the  things  we  have  accomplished  in  the  North  Caro- 

ina  Dental  Society.  I  would  like  to  call  to'your  attention  one  of  the 

things  we  have  not  accomplished,  and  that  is  the  collection  of  the  dues 

^HnT-."  '"T,  "'  ■^■""  ''''-'''  '^"•^■•^  ^™"1^  «i^^  »^^  local  secr,^ta-es 
a  tip  as  to  how  this  can  be  done,  I  am  sure  you  will  be  given  a  --reL? 
ovation.  However,  let  me  suggest  that  you  pay  your  dues  before  the 
Stae  meeting  this  year-maybe  that  suggestion  will  solve  our  questi  n 
,ii.  ,  ?  '  Carolina  Dental  Society  has  always  had  excellent  presi: 
dents,  but  I  venture  to  say  that  it  has  never  had  <me  that  has  cone 
TvP  .  t;:;  T"""  I'^""  I>^--  Emest  Branch.  And  don't  you  fojget  we 
haAe  a  sec-i-e  ary  down  at  Fayetteville  who  has  never  m  ssed  a  chance 
to  forward  dentistry  in  North  Carolina.  Let  us  make  up  ou  •  m  ds 
right   now   to   show   these   two   leaders   in    dentistry   in    N     tlCaS' 

!^  WnmhJSInr  """""^  '"'•"■'^  "^-  ='^^""""-  ''''  ^^"^-  ^^ 

•1.  T.  Lasley, 
Third  District  >iccretury. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT 

AN    KNC()UKA(;iN(;    OBSERVATION 

I  don-t  know  where  or  when  (mr  State  meeting  will  be  held,  or  what 
the  boys  have  planned.    But  it  is  a   safe  guess  that   we  shal     netT  a 
some  interesting  place,   at   a   good    time   in    the   balmv   davs   of  i,>rin*V 
and  that    he  program  will  be  attractive  and  helpful.  'l  an    going  /ol^'t' 
some   of   the   oth(.-s    write    about   that.     I    want    to    tell    vou       h,„      ',. 
encouraging  observation.  ■  ^    '"' 

Twenty-one  .vcars  ago  a  friend  of  mine,  principal  of  <,ne  „f  the  small 
high    schools   of    Wake   County,    invitc.l    me    t..   examine    the    mouths.'f 


34         The  Bulletin  of  the  North   Carolina  Dental  Society 


his  school  children.  This  was  pioneer  work  around  here  in  those  days, 
sponsored  by  no  State  Board  of  Health  or  organized  educational  or 
dental  authority.  I  hired  a  horse  and  buggy  and  drove  the  ten  miles 
to  the  country  school.  My  wife,  who  was  a  young  bride  then,  went 
with  me  to  tabulate  my  findings.  It  was  a  rather  strenuous  but  interest- 
ing day.  Before  examining  each  child"s  mouth,  I  washed  my  instru- 
ments in  a  sterilizing  sdlution  and  my  hands  in  water — and  came  near 
scrubbing  the  skin  (iff  my  hands  before  the  day  was  over.  We  drove 
home  through  the  spring  twilight:  but  by  working  all  day.  I  had 
examined   the   mouths   of   the   children   in   that    school. 

During  the  recent  examination  of  the  school  children,  a  fellow  dentist 
and  I  examined  the  mouths  of  the  pupils  of  two  schools.  The  delight- 
fully encouraging  observation  which  I  record  is  this :  The  recent  ex- 
amination reveals  the  fact  that  the  mouth  conditions  of  these  school 
children  is  from  50  to  100  per  cent  better  than  the  conditions  of  those 
mouths  examined  twenty-one  years  ago. 

Many  factors  have  contributed  to  this  happy  change  :  discoveries, 
made  during  the  World  War  and  since,  concerning  the  etfect  of  mouth 
conditions  on  general  health :  work  of  the  State  Board  of  Health, 
through  the  press  and  in  schools  :  more  skillful  and  conscientious  den- 
tistry, and  missionary  efforts  of  dentists  and  others  who  desire  to  pre- 
serve the  natural  organs  of  mastication  :  research  and  education  along 
the  lines  of  proper  foods  for  health  and  tooth  Iniilding.  One  thing  I 
know  :  Somebody  has  been  rendering  a  wonderful  service  to  humanity. 
I  do  not  believe  it  is  an  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  teeth  and  the 
mouths  of  the  young  people  of  today  are  100  per  cent  better  than  were 
the  youths  of  a  generation  ago.  Does  this  say  anything  for  organized 
dentistry  ? 

Personally  I  am  encouraged  by  our  achievements,  and  feel  proud  of 
the  fact  that  I  have  had  a  part  in  a  work  worth  while.  And,  fellows 
I  want  to  see  every  one  of  you  at  our  State  meeting — to  encourage,  to 
cooperate,  to  teach,  to  learn,  to  inspire,  to  be  inspired,  and  in  every 
way  possible  to  promote  the  humane  and  noble  work  of  our  profession. 

R.  M.  Squires. 


FIFTH  DISTRICT 

S(  me  say  we  are  emerging  from  the  depression  and  I  hope  they  are 
correct.  So  far  we  have  escaped  revolution,  but  there  have  been  deep, 
grave,  and,  I  fear,  lasting  changes  in  the  country's  socialistic  make-up. 

People  have  been  given  so  much  that  individual  beggars  have  given 
place  to  group  beggars,  who  are  going  to  be  much  more  difficult  to  deal 
with  than  their  less  arrogant  brothers.  The  spirit  is  :  "From  him  that 
have,  it  shall  be  taken.'"  The  time  is  drawing  near  when  organized 
dentistry  will  have  to  dance  to  such  a  tune. 

The  educational  program  in  our  schools  came  at  the  worst  possible 
time.  It  enlightened  the  people  to  the  dental  need,  but  offered  no  way 
of  supplying  them.  Then  every  would-be  social  worker,  probably  with 
money  and  nothing  to  do,  felt  the  heart  pangs  of  altruism;  and  the 
high-pitched  talk  of  exhorbitant  dental  fees  gently  faded  into  a  quiet 
simple  little  murmur,  "Let  the  dentists  do  the  free  work,  they're  robbers 
anyway.'' 

So  now  we  are  faced  with  several  propositions :  namely,  socialized 
dentistry,  panel  dentistry,  pay  clinic,   and  Federal  bargaining. 


The  Bulletin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society         35 


Our  school  dental  work  is  socialized  dentistry.  The  operators  are 
employees  of  the  State.  Now  if  this  system  were  enlarged  to  care  for 
all  the  people,  it  would  place  us  iu  another  tax  jam.  A  tax  jam  is  a 
peculiar  thing  in  that  it  is  not  sweet  to  the  taxpayers.  There  shall  be 
no  State  dentistry. 

The  panel  system  of  dentistry  is  not  unlike  health  insurance.  It 
would  lower  dental  costs,  because  the  insurance  companies  would  set 
the  fees  for  each  operation.  A  dentist  would  not  luivc  to  join  the  ]iauel : 
he  could  cling  to  the  shabb.v  remains  of  his  private  practice  and  let 
his  family  starve,  or  join  the  C.  ^y.  A. 

The  pay  clinic  is  the  real  v,olf  at  our  door.  True,  it  will  give 
cheaper  dentistry,  and  I  might  add  inferior  dentistry.  These  clinics 
will  employ  numerous  dentists  at  low  wages.  The  private  practitioner 
will  have  to  compete  with  clinic  prices.  Very  few  could  long  do  so. 
This  will  mean  a  general  use  of  the  clinic.  Such  a  system  would  prob- 
ably reach  more  people  under  present  economic  conditions.  In  case  the 
clinic  should  need  more  dentists  than  could  be  hired,  then  it  would 
probably  shorten  the  dental  curriculum.  It  certainly  could  not  wait  five 
or  six  years  for  some  to  graduate,  and  none  could  afford  to  invest  much 
in  an  education  without  a  brighter  future  in  the  profession.  There  is 
one  bright  side  to  the  mass  clinic  work.  The  dentists  could  at  least 
join  some  of  the  trade  labor  unions,  draw  up  a  code,  and  work  now 
and  then. 

I  have  left  Federal  bargaining  for  the  last,  because  I  think  it  ought 
to  be  on  the  tail-end  of  everything.  The  government  has  appropriated, 
spent,  and  thrown  away  millions  and  millions  of  dollars  for  every 
wild-cat  scheme  on  all  sides  of  the  earth.  It  has  handed  money  to 
banks,  railroads,  insurance  companies,  every  conceivable  type  of  enter- 
prise, both  private  and  public,  but  it  has  never  seen  fit  to  appropriate 
a  dime  to  a  profession  which  has  so  much  to  do  with  the  health  and 
happiness  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  million  Americans,  For  us  it 
says  fifty  cents  a  treatment — for  the  business  man,  it  says  you  are 
assured  your  profit. 

There  is  only  one  hope  for  organized  dentistry — get  organised. 
Dentistry  cannot  afford  to  flirt  with  any  plan  that  'will  more  readily 
place  dental  attention  on  a  lowered  scale  or  fee.  The  whole  plan  of 
Federal  aid  is  fast  leading  us  to  a  socialistic  state,  and  dentistry  in 
particular  to  panel  or  clinic  system.  If  we  ever  accept  as  a  bod.v  the 
present  fee  basis  offered  by  the  government  there  will  be  only  one  more 
step  before  we  shall  lose  control  of  our  own  system,  and  organized 
dentistry  will  be  a  myth.  The  heritage  of  a  great  and  noble  profession 
calls  us  to  arms. 

These  things  we  must  prevent.  Our  dental  meetings  are  held  for  the 
good  of  the  profession.  A  member  cannot  do  his  part  by  proxy.  Every 
man  in  the  Fifth  District  should  attend  in  loyalty  to  Organized  den- 
tistry, and  through  courtesy  to  the  other  four  distrh-ts,  since  we  are 
entertaining  the  State  Society  in  Wilmington  on  June  IS  to  20.  The 
program  will  be  splendid,  the  city  fanned  by  the  sea  breezes,  and  the 
beaches  will  be  as  alluring  as  ever. 

As  your  ]>resident,  I  welcome  every  man  in  all  the  other  districls 
to   Wilmington,   and    I    urge  you   to   come   help   entertain    them. 

H.  K.  Tmompso.\, 
I'rr.sidoif  Fifth  IHslrict. 


36         The  BuUetin  of  the  North   Carolina  Dental  Society 


POOR  PROTECTIVE  INSURANCE 

(Editor's  note:  The  correspondence  below  is  self  explanatory,  and  is 
given  for  the  information  for  the  profession  in  the  State,  which  they 
may  pass  on   for   the   benefit   of  their  patients,   neighbors   and   friends.) 

AMERICAN   I'HOTKCTIVE   INSURANCE   COMPANY 

April   li.-;.   1034. 
Mr.  C.  1).  MeCulleii.  Claim  No.  m-2m 

Faisoii.  X.  C. 

Dear  Mr.  McCullen  : 

We  haA'e  completed  the  investi.ijatioii  of  your  elaim  and  we  tiiid  that 
you  were  given  tir.st  aid  by  Dr.  Davidian  on  March  18.  Followintr  that 
time  you  were  attended  by  Dr.  J.  N.  Johnson,  dentist. 

Our  policy  provides  that  for  us  to  have  liability,  the  insured  must 
be  attended  by  a  physician  or  surgeon  at  least  once  every  seven  days. 
As  you  had  ouly  one  date  l)y  a  medical  doctor,  we  could  have  liabilit.v 
for  only  one  week  of  disabilit.v. 

Such  an  accident  as  yours  comes  under  Part  IV  of  the  policy  which 
pays  at  the  rate  of  $100  per  month  for  total  disability.  Your  claim 
amounts  to  $23.33  for  which  our  draft  is  being  sent. 

Sincerely  yours, 

C.  C.  Myeks.  Auditor  of   Claims. 


DR.  J.  N.  JOHNSON 

(iOI.DSBOKO.     N.     (".. 


Mav    ISth,    l!t34. 


Dr.  John  S.  Wheeler. 

Chairman   Liability  Insuranct'  Committee.   X.  C.   I).   S. 

Greensboro,  X.  C. 

Dear  John  : 

I  am  enclosing  a  letter  under  date  of  April  23rd.  from  the  American 
Protective  Insurance  Company.  Kansas  City.  Mo.,  to  Mr.  C.  D.  McCullen, 
Faison,  N.  C. 

You  will  note  that  the  American  Prottn-tive  Insurance  Company  does 
not  rate  the  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery  a  surgeon  specializing  in  the 
treatment  of  injuries  to  the  jaws  and  teeth. 

Physicians  and  surgeons  do  not  make  interdental  splints — even  the 
laity  is  advised  of  that — and  an  increasing  number  of  fracture  cases 
are  coming  directly  to  the  dental  surgeon,  therefore,  I  am  calling  your 
attention  to  the  clause  in  the  policy  of  the  American  Protective  Insur- 
ance Company,  discriminating  against  the  dental  surgeon,  in  order  that 
.vou  ma.v.  for  publication,  give  the  information  to  the  editor  of  tlie 
Bulletin-  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society  and  to  the  editor  of 
the  Journal  of  the  American  Dental  Association. 

Mr.  McCullen  was  injured  in  an  automobile  accident  March  ISth, 
9:00  p.m.  near  the  Johnston  County  Hospital,  Smithfleld,  N.  C.,  where 
he  received  tirst  aid  from  Dr.  Davidian.  He  was  brought  to  my  ottice 
at  !•  :0()  a.m.  March  19th,  bleeding  profusely — had  been  bleeding  all 
ni.ght — from  a  hemorrhage  along  the  line  of  a  fracture  in  the  left 
maxilla,   four   teeth   were  knocked   out  of  their   .sockets. 

Mr.  McCullen  carried  accident  insurance  in  two  companies.  I  tilled 
ovit  both  claims  for  two  weeks  liability,  one  of  the  companies  i)aid  the 


The  Bulletin  of  Ihe  XorUi  Carolina  Dental  Society         37 

two  weeks  liability  promptly,  but  the  Americau  Protective  Insnrauce 
Company,  because  Mr.  McCulleu  was  not  seen  by  a  physiciau-surijeon 
except  on  the  night  of  the  accident  is  responsible  for  onlv  one  weeks 
liability. 

Fraternally  yours. 

J.  N.  Johnson,  D.D.S. 


Mr.   Dan  C   Boney. 

Commissioner  of  In.surance,   State  t)f  North  Carolina. 

Kaleigh.  N.  C. 

Dear  Mr.  Boney  : 

Would  you  be  so  good  as  to  advise  me  if  the  American  Protective 
Insurance  Company  of  Kansas  City.  Mo.,  is  licensed  to  do  business  in 
the  l^tate  of  North  Carolina? 

Sincerely  yours, 

G.  Feed  Hale. 


STATE  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA 

Insurance  Department 
Raleigh 


Dear  Sir : 


5/22/34 


I  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  inquiry  concerning  the  American 
Protective  Insurance  Company.   Kansas   City,  Mo. 

This  concern  is  not  licensed  to  do  business  in  North  Carolina  and  no 
contract  of  insurance  that  it  might  issue  would  be  enforceable  in  the 
courts  of  this  State.  I  strongly  recommend  that  citizens  of  our  State 
refrain  from  purchasing  insurance  of  any  form  from  companies  other 
than   those  properly   licensed. 

Yours  very  truly. 
Dan  C.  Boney.  In.suraiK-e  Commis.sioiier. 


THE  BUREAU  OF  PUBLIC  RELATIONS 

American  Dental  Association 

212  E.  Sui>erior  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

Recently  Developed  Material,  So  New  That  It  Has  Not  As  Yet  Been 
Included  In  Our  Regular  Educational  Lists 

"The  Care  of  the  Teeth"  Booklet.  32  pages  of  authoritative  dental  health 
information :  written  in  lay  language.  Richly  illustrated  with 
SO  photographs  of  actual  cases.  Approved  by  the  American  Dental 
As.sociation  and  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service.  The 
t.ype  of  material  dentists  want  to  give  their  patients.  Educators 
and  pul)lic  health  workers  can  use  it  as  teaching  material  in 
schools.  Single  cojiies.  lOc:  li.'  copies,  $1.(X) ;  50  copies.  $4.00;  100 
copies,  $7.50;  .)00  copies.  $25.00;  1.000  copies.  $45.00.  (See  Journal 
of  the  A.  I).  A.,  Deceml)er,  103;!.) 

Practical  Tooth  Brti.shiiig  Chart.  I'rinted  in  two  colors  (size  22  x  2S  in.  i. 
It  demonstrates  a  practical  tooth  brushing  method  for  children 
and  adults.  This  good  looking  chart  supplies  a  long  felt  want  for 
.schools,  dispensaries  and  private  offices.  Price,  50c.  (See  Journal 
of  the  A.  D.  A.,  February,  1033.) 


38         The  BuIIetm  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


First  Grade  Educational  Leaflets.  Six  leaflets  designed  for  first  grade 
work.  Each  lesson  printed  on  8  x  11  inch  drawing  paper.  The 
wording  is  adapted  to  first  grade  vocabulary.  The  simple  artistic 
draAA'ings  are  to  be  colored  by  the  children.  This  material  will 
enable  educators  to  coordinate  the  teaching  of  dental  health  with 
that  of  art  and  reading.  Single  set  of  six  leaflets.  5c ;  25  sets, 
50c.    (See  Journal  of  A.  D.  A.,  March,  1934.) 

ycicsijaper  Articles.  Written  as  a  semi-continued  story  "John.  Mary 
and  Jack,"'  in  52  installments.  Each  installment  contains  a  dental 
health  lesson.  Approved  by  the  American  Dental  Association  and 
the  United  States  Public  Health  Service.  Distributed  free  to 
component  societies  for  insertion  in  local  newspapers.  (See 
Journal  of  A.  D.  A.,  April.  1934. ) 

Xew  Motion  Picture  "Nature — Builder  of  Teeth" — 16  m.m.  shows  the 
development  of  teeth  from  birth  to  adulthood.  Explains  the  part 
played  in  facial  development  by  the  erupting  forces  of  teeth,  also 
elfect  of  nutritional  disturbances  and  illness  on  tooth  develop- 
ment— mottled  teeth,  normal  and  abnormal  occlusion,  are  por- 
trayed. Written  lecture  accompanies  film.  Price,  $25.00.  Rental 
fee.  .$1.0<J  per  showing  plus  express  charges. 


EXHIBITORS 


Harris  Dental  Company Norfolk,  Va. 

Rotlisteiu  Dental  Laboratory Washington,  D.  C. 

Woodward  Pi'ostlietic  Company Greensboro,  N.  C. 

Raleigh  Dental  Laboratory Raleigh,  N.  C. 

]^ovocol  Chemical  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc.,  and  Dental  Items 

of  Interest  Publishing  Company,  Inc. Brooklyn,  J^.  Y. 

Powers  &  Anderson  Dental  Company Richmond,  Va. 

Pyeope,  Inc Joplin,  Mo. 

Thompson  Dental  Company Greensboro,  N.  C. 

Ray-Lyon  Company Atlanta,  Ga. 

Eberhart-Conway  Company Atlanta,  Ga. 

Fleming  Dental  Laboratory Raleigh,  N.  C. 

R.  D.  Webb  Dental  Mfg.  Co Atlanta,  Ga. 

"George  Popper  Stones  and  Burs." 

The  above  firms  have  gone  to  considerable  trouble  and  expense 
to  attend  our  meeting,  and  it  is  therefore  requested  that  our 
members  give  them  the  consideration  which  they  deserve.  Register 
with  them,  and  give  them  an  opportunity  to  show  their  products. 


The  BuUetin  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society 


39 


We  wish  to  take  this  opportunity  to  thank  the  various  commer- 
cial interests  who  have  advertised  with  lis  in  this  and  other  issues 
of  the  Bulletin.  Their  cooperation  has  aided  us  in  furthering 
the  activities  of  organized  dentistry  and  in  making  more  efficient 
our  service  to  the  people  of  the  State. 


"iljp  Houar  bi}  ttjr  g-Usp  nf  tljp  Soab" 


PATEONIZE  OUR  ADVEETISEES 


.5^SIlw©Cg)SS'^ 


wBiSiii 


^e  Verfect  VowderforDentures 


PATKONIZE   OUR  ADVERTISERS 


TIRED  TISSUES 

Three  o'clock  in  ihe  afternoon  may  not  be  a  convenient 
time  to  use  Ipana,  but  at  this  hour  the  vitality  of  mouth 
tissues  is  at  a  low  ebb — the  tissues  are  tired. 

The  entire  oral  cavity  is  benefited  by  Ipana.  It  not  only 
cleans  the  teeth  and  brings  out  their  natural  brilliance, 
but  its  stimulating  effect  wakes  up  lazy  gums.  Ipana 
tones  and  strengthens  them  and  the  tingling  after  feel  is 
highly  refreshing  to  tired  soft  tissues  whether  it  be  in 
the  afternoon,  morning  or  night. 

IPANA  TOOTH  PASTE 


4*t 

UreiENE  CETUE 
INTESTINE 

The  regular  elimination  of  waste  products  is  a  necessary 
adjunct  to  prophylaxis  in  treating  certain  oral  disturb- 
ances. 

Calcareous  deposits,  salivary  debris,  thick  ropy  saliva 
yield  to  the  corrective  influence  of  Sal  Hepatica. 

Sal  Hepatica  is  a  mild  effective  laxative  and  eliminant. 
It  follows  up  prophylactic  treatment  of  the  "vestibule" 
with  a  healthy  cleansing  of  the  intestinal  tract. 

SAL  HEPATICA 

BRISTOL-MYERS  COMPANY 

NEW   YORK 


r  A  T  E  O  X  I  Z  E      OUR      ADVERTISERS 


A  Well  Desi 

gned  Tooth 

BRUSH 

Plus 

An 

Efficient    DENTIFRICE 

Plus 

The 

Proper 

Brushing   T 

Plus 

echnique 

A   S 

ufficien 

t    Amount 

of  Time 

WILL  SHOW 

FAVORABLE 

RESULTS 

^t^ 

Your 

service  to  your  patient  sh 
his  instruction  in  the 
care  of  his  mouth 

ould  include 
borne 

"^t^ 

PYCOPE 

,   INCORPORATED 

JOPLIN,  MO. 

Tooth 
Powder 

Tooth 
Brushes 

PATRONIZE   OUR   ADVERTISERS 


POWERS  &  ANDERSON  DENTAL  COMPANY,  INC. 


(tJ^4^<i^ 


Richmond,  Virgdma 
Charlotte  and  Winston-Salem,  North  Carolina 


Eberhart-Conway  Company 

"Since   1900  the  South's  Standai«d  Laboi-atory" 


WE     INVITE     YOU     TO 
INSPECT  OUR  EXHIBIT 


P.  0.  Box  1737  :- :  Atlanta,  Georgia 


PATRONIZE   OUR  ADVERTISERS 


Harris  Dental  Company 


( Incorporated ) 


^ 


Medical  Arts  Building,  Medical  Arts  Building, 

NORFOLK,  VIRGINIA  RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA 


THOMPSCN 
-DENTAL- 

CCMPANT 


EVERYTHING  DENTAL 


Jefferson  Bldg.  Arcade  Bldg. 

GREENSBORO,  N.  C.  COLUMBIA,  S.  C. 


PATEONIZE   OUR   ADVERTISERS 


PHONE  7910  DRAWER  C. 

WOODWARD  PROSTHETIC  COMPANY 

ROBT.  WOODWARD.  Manager 
Prosthetic  Specialists  for  the  Dental  Profession 

■  H  ■ 


610  North  Carolina  Bank  Bldg, 
GREENSBORO.  N.  C. 


HOTEL  CAPE  FEAR 

WILMINGTON,  North  Carolina 

-^  WELCOMES^ 

The  North  Carolina 
Dental  Society 

FOR  THEIR  SIXTIETH  ANNUAL  MEETING 

JUNE  18-19-20,  1934 
H.  N.  CALLAHAxN,      -      -      -      Manager 


PATEONIZE   OUE   ADVEKTISERS 


Seashore  Hotel 

Wrightsville  Beach,  N.  C. 

'^ Better  Than  Ever'' 

Ail  dentists  are  invited  to  stop  witli  us 
wtiile  down  for  tiie  convention.  We  offer 
you  reasonable  rates,  good  food,  good  serv- 
ice, and  rooms  right  on  the  ocean  with  best 
of   bathing. 

RESERVATIONS  NOW  BEING  RECEIVED 

Harold  H.  Jeter,  Manager 


^WELCOME-^ 

NORTH   CAROLINA  DENTAL  SOCIETY 

TO  WILMINGTON 


We   wish   to   take   this   opportunity   to 
thank  the  profession  for  their  patronage 
in  the  past,  and  may  our  future  rela- 
tions be  as  pleasant. 


VAUGHT  DENTAL  LABORATORY 

BOX     1118  »  »  »  SECURITY    BANK   BLDG. 

WILMINGTON,  N.  C. 


PATRONIZE       OUR       ADVERTISERS