PITTSBURGH THEOLOGICAL
SEMINARY LIBRARY
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
VOL. X/U. OCTOBER 1920 - JULY 1921
INDEX
ARTICLES
Page
John INIasefield 17
George C. Fisher . .
Pittsburgh as a Social Center 131
Charles C. Cooper
Revised Version and Other Recent Translations of the Bible, The 28
David E. Culley
Significance of the jNIinistry for the World To-day 5
James A. Kelso
LITERATURE.
Title Reviewer
Christian Home, The — By William W. Paris 49
David R. Breed
Children's Great Texts of the Bible, The — Edited by James Hast-
ings 44
Stanley A. Hunter
Education, A National System of — By Walter Scott Athearn 48
Robert Scott Calder
Epistle to the Galatians, The — By Ernest Dewitt Burton 144
Frank Eakin
Freedom and Advance — By Oscar L. Joseph 41
A. P. Kelso, Jr.
History of the Hebrew Commonwealth, A — By Albert E. Bailey and
Charles Foster Kent 135
D.wid E. Culley
Life and Letters of St. Paul — By David Smith 136
George Taylor, Jr.
Luke the Historian in the Light of Research — By A. T. Robertson . . 142
Arnold H. Lowe
^lenace of Immortality in Church and State, The — By John Roach
Straton 45
Edward A. Hodil
My First Communion — By Hugh Thomson Kerr 45
George N. Luccock
43 (215)
I NDEX— Continued
Page
National System of Education, A— By Walter Scott Athearn 48
Robert Scott Calder
Originality -of the Christian ^Message, The — By H. R. ^Mackintosh .... 148
James H. Snowden
Personality of God, The — By James H. Snowden 146
William Adams Brown
Pharisees and Jesus, The — By A. T. Robertson 140
J. Milton Vance
Theology of the Epistles, The — By H. A. A. Kennedy 39
Frank Eakin
Truth About Christian Science, The — By James H. Snowden 46
Andrew C. Zenos
MISCELLAN-OUS.
Alumniana 50
Catalogue 57
Financial Report 208
Graduating- Class, The 214
Dr. Kelso's Twentieth Anniversary 180
Librarian's Report ^ 210
Necrology 1 53
Ninety-first Commencement 177
President's Report 196
44 (216)
THE BULLETIN
OF THE
Western Theological Seminary
A Revie^w Devotea to tne Interests or
Tneological Education
Publisbed quarterly in January, April, July, and October, by tte
Trustees of tbe Western Theological Seminary of tbe Presbyterian Cburcb
in tbe United States of America.
'Eaited by tbe Presiaent witb tbe co-operation of tbe Faculty.
(UtintmtB
Page
The Significance of the Ministry for the World To-Day. 5
James A. Kelso
John Masefield 17
Geo. C. Fisher
The Revised Version and Other Recent Translations
of the Bible 28
D. E. Culley
Literature 39
Alumniana 50
Communications for the Editor and all business matters should be
addressed to
REV. JAMES A. KELSO,
731 Ridge Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
75 cents a year. Single Number 25 cents.
Each author is solely responsible for the views expressed in his article.
Entered as second-class matter December 9, 1909, at the postoffice at Pittsburgh, Pa.
f North Diamond Station) under the act of August 24, 1912.
Press of
pittsburgh printing company
pittsburgh, pa,
1920
Faculty
The Rev. JAMES A. KELSO, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President and Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature
The Nathaniel W. Conkling Foundation
The Rev. ROBERT CHRISTIE, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Apologetics
The Rev. DAVID RIDDLE BREED, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Homiletics
The Rev. DAVID S. SCHAFF, D. D.
Professor of Ecclesiastical History and History of Doctrine
The Rev. WILLIAM R. FARMER, D. D.
Reunion Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution
The Rev. JAMES H. SNOWDEN, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Systematic Theology
Memorial Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. DAVID E. CULLEY, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor of Hebrew
The. Rev. SAMUEL ANGUS, Ph. D.
Acting Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. FRANK EAKIN, B. D.
Instructor in New Testament Greek and Librarian
Pbof. GEORGE M. SLEETH
Instructor in Elocution
Mb. CHARLES N. BOYD
Instructor in Music
The excercises connected with the public opening of
the Seminary were held in Swift Hall, September 22,
1920. The formal address was delivered by President
James A. Kelso on the theme "The Significance of the
Ministry for the World To-day", and is printed, with a
few unimportant omissions, in the current number.
The Bulletin
— of the —
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
Volume XIII. October, 1920. No. 1
The Significance of the Ministry for the
World To-day
President James A. Kelso
Last winter I heard a spontaneous and impressive
tribute to the ministry. It was uttered by a prominent
and influential business man, the vice-president of one
of the largest manufacturing concerns in the country,
one which enjoys an international reputation. The
occasion was the annual meeting and dinner of the di-
rectors of a business corporation. In the course of the
postprandial speeches the toastmaster, noticing that
there were some ministers present, and thinking it would
b^ an appropriate subject, proposed a toast to the minis-
try and called on the prominent capitalist to whom I
have referred to respond to it. He arose and prefaced
his remarks by stating that he had never made a speech
in his life and that he had received no previous hint from
the master of ceremonies, but that he could state his con-
victions in regard to the ministry of Jesus Christ in a
single sentence, "The ministry is the only hope of the
world".
I have described this incident as an introduction to
my address because it made a very profound impression
on my mind, an impression which the intervening months
have not obliterated. Here was a man of affairs, the
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
executive officer of a large corporation, unaccustomed
to public speaking, suddenly called to his feet without
the slightest warning, giving spontaneous utterance to a
conviction. As he developed the theme, it became in-
creasingly evident that he had been an intelligent and
close observer of the Church and the ministry, for the
speech was not a flattering eulogy, but included dis-
criminating critcisms and suggestions. I feel that it
will be suggestive and profitable, at the opening of an-
other Seminary year, for us to change the assertion of
the speaker to a question, and search our hearts as we
inquire. Is the ministry the only hope of the world? Is
the ministry any hope at all? Of course, as the true
minister is a representative of Jesus Christ and a
teacher of the religion of the Prophet of Nazareth, the
question might be put in other forms such as. Is Chris-
tianity the only hope of the world?, or, Is the Church
helping this sin-cursed, troubled world to solve its press-
ing problem? But, as I am addressing ministers
and candidates for the ministry, I prefer to put the mat-
ter in this personal fashion. Are we the hope of the world
to-day in any sense?, or let us put it in words that are
less vainglorious, Are we as ministers making, or do we
hope to make, a vital contribution to the solution of the
stupendous problems — religious, social, and political —
which mankind faces in this age of unrest and revolu-
tion? Does religion in general, or do the teachings of
our Master in particular, offer any hope and inspiration,
joy and peace to the world of men to-day, or have they
outlived their usefulness and must they give place to a
new philosophy or some more supposedly up-to-date sys-
tem?
In order to answer our inquiry intelligently, let us
look at the world of to-day. We are living in a time of
upheaval; an awful cataclysm has visited this planet in
the form of a world war which has soaked the earth with
blood and has brought mankind to the verge of bank-
The Significance of the Ministry for the World To-Day
ruptcy. Prior to 1914 social and political ideas and in-
stitutions were in a more or less fixed and static con-
dition. Men in their pride and self-satisfaction, for-
getting the occurrences of past upheavals, thought of
them as permanent and unchangeable, but since that
fateful day, only six years ago but which seems to belong
to another epoch, in many lands institutions inherited
from hoary antiquity have been destroyed, and in others
they have been thrown into a state of plasticity Avhere
they may yet be swept away by revolutionary move-
ments or transformed into something new by constitu-
tional methods. No customs or institutions, however
ancient or venerated they may have been, are now re-
garded as inviolable.
The war has resulted in far-reaching political un-
rest and upheavals. Note what has happened to four
strong empires that entered the war with proud boast-
ings. The Ottoman has ceased to exist as an empire;
one has been dismembered by the conqueror ; a third lies
in absolute ruins soaked with the blood of her citizens
spilled by the hands of fellow citizens; the fourth, the
proudest of them all, glorying in her military past and
confident of her position, now lies broken by her con-
querors, leading a precarious existence as a socialistic
republic. In ordinary times any one of these political
changes would have been regarded as epoch-making, but
they scarcely seem to impress our imagination as their
stupendous nature is beyond our grasp.
No less extraordinary or revolutionary are the so-
cial and industrial movements of the day, which do not
stand apart by themselves, but involve ethical principles
and religious beliefs. The Soviet Government of Russia
has not only toppled over the government of the Czar
and destroyed an outworn imperialistic system, but it
has also overthrown the Church, and has struck at the
very tap root of society, the sacredness of the home, by
its program of nationalization of women. It is almost
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
needless for me to remark that, although Russia is re-
mote from us, we have felt in America the repercussion
of these political and social transformations.
In England we have witnessed the passing of an
aristocratic system : a forceful prime minister has risen
from a humble family and organized labor has been
formed into a political party actually seated on the op-
position benches. In our own favored land the nation
has felt the power of organized labor in the past four or
five years as never before. While not formally organized
into a political party, the leaders of the labor unions
have attempted to dictate the policies of both the Repub-
lican and Democratic parties, and in the present political
campaign are taking a very active part in electing con-
gressmen who are favorable to their programs. During
the last Congress one important measure at least was
withdrawn and revised at the dictation of the labor
unions.
1 wonder if many of us have been conscious of the
stupendous revolution which has taken place in the in-
dustrial life of Italy during the past two weeks in con-
nection with the nation-wide strike of the metal workers.
They have seized the factories and have declined to re-
turn them to their owners, proposing to operate them
and divide the profits among themselves. The govern-
ment has been afraid to interfere and has maintained
neutrality. The editor of one of the leading New York
journals states the nature of the change very tersely but
accurately: *' Property rights in industry have been de-
stroyed without interference from the Government".
Possibly we can make this clearer to ourselves if we can
imagine results were the American railroad employes to
put into operation Mr. Plumb's plan of railroad opera-
tion, not by legal and constitutional methods as he pro-
posed, but by seizure of the property, and our Federal
Government were too timorous to interfere.
The Significance of the Ministry for the World To-Day
It is no wonder that amid such stupendous up-
heavals, when customs and institutions hoary with age
are passing out of existence, many thoughtful Christian
men have raised the question, "Can the Church survive
the changing order?" Furthermore, it is highly signif-
icant that the signing of the armistice swept away
the lofty moral idealism that had been bred by the self-
sacrifice and the high aims of the allied nations. For
the Frenchman it had been a struggle for the very ex-
istence of his beloved Patrie, it called forth the highest
idealism and sacrifice; for the Britisher, a defence of
public law in Europe as embodied in treaties of neutral-
ity ; for the American it had been a holy crusade, ' a war
to end war', 'a strife for oppressed and helpless peo-
ple', a war to make the world safe for democracy.
Many, in an ecstasy of delight and approbation, imagined
a, new era, a veritable millennium was soon to be ushered
in as a result of the terrible sacrifice which humanity
had made. The disillusionment came almost over
night; scarcely had the guns ceased to thunder at the
front until there began an orgy of extravagance, profi-
teering, gambling, immorality, and indifference to re-
ligion among the masses of the people the world over.
The mood of heroism and exalted idealism had passed
and a thoroughgoing moral reaction had set in which has
not by any means spent its force to-day.
Amid all this political and industrial chaos and con-
fusion, there is not only an uncertainty as to fundamental
moral principles but a gross disregard of moral law
where it touches the very springs of human life and the
welfare of society. Never were there as many divorce
cases in our courts and never was there a lower ideal of
the marriage relation in the minds of the masses of the
people. Here is the flippant remark, not of a movie
actress but of a recent Reno divorcee, as it was reported
by a metropolitan journal: "Marriage is like the mov-
ies. You can go into the show and if you don't like it
, Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
you can get up and go out". To what extent does this
reflect a general sentiment current among the masses of
the people, or may we regard it with smug complacency
as the thoughtless utterance of a moral pervert? The
increase of divorce due to the lax views of marriage is
not confined to America. England, the most conserva-
tive land on the earth in this particular, with high ideals
of marriage, faces the same problem. If you are a
reader of the London Times, you will be struck with the
large space given to the divorce court proceedings and
the many decrees issued by the Court not for vague rea-
sons like incompatibility but for the Biblical reason of
adultery committed by one or both parties.
Immodesty in women's dress and scandalous con-
duct on the part of young people are two very good indi-
cations of the low moral temperature which now pre-
vails. Last winter a well known New York financial
house, in a booklet setting forth a list of investment se-
curities, published an essay on the immodesty of women's
dress. A strange setting for an essay on such a sub-
ject : but the author, after disclaiming that he was either
a moralist or a preacher, stated that public interest
demanded a protest against the manner in which decent
women were dressing. There was one striking state-
ment that set forth the situation in sharp relief : ' In the
dining room of a representative New York hotel or in a
fashionable cafe or at a ball the character of a woman
could not be determined by her dress. It was impos-
sible to distinguish between a respectable woman and
one of disreputable character, for the former was as im-
modest in her dress as the latter'.
There is no question that there has been a general
jiowering of the moral sense and the ethical ideals, and
this decline is reflected in the popular social life of re-
spectable circles. A minister does not need to make any
excuse or offer any apologies for dwelling upon these
conditions, when the thoughtful and serious magazines
10
The Significance of the Ministry for the World To-Day
and journals of the country are discussing the matter
with concern as to the future of the country and the
safety of our fundamental social institutions. In a re-
cent number of one of the most influential magazines
there is a significant article on the cause of the decline
of the moral sense of the young people of respectable so-
ciety. The author, after making due allowance for the
evil influence of the motor-car, the movie, the war, the
iconoclasm of the radical intellectuals, and the luxury
of nouveaux riches, writes 'give all the responsibility
you can heap up to the general abandonment of religion'.
This woman, for the writer I am quoting is a woman who
is one of the ornaments of contemporary American let-
ters, sums up one line of argument by the following em-
phatic language: "For better or worse, our Western
jcivilzation has been built up on the Christian religion;
and if the Christian religion decays, many accidents will
happen that will puzzle the politicians". Such a state-
ment is a frank confession of faith that Christianity is
essential to the well-being and continued existence of our
much vaunted civilization. What centripetal force is to
the solar system, keeping the planets in their proper or-
bits and preventing a smash-up, the moral teachings and
restraints of our religion are to our social organism and
our political institutions. Without them we would have
anarchy and disaster.
It is exceedingly significant to me that the opinion
which I have just given to you is not isolated or excep-
tional. It is recognized by leaders in every sphere of
thought and action that men and women are in danger
of drifting away from their old moorings and destroying
the very foundations of society ; and that the only way of
keeping them true to moral principles is to bring to bear
upon them the influence of Jesus and His teachings. It
is admitted if not universally, yet in quarters so remote
from each other that there is no possibility of collabora-
tion or comparison, that the recognition of the principles
11
Bulletin of the We.s'tern Theological Seminary
of Christian morality and their practice by the individ-
ual is indispensable for the welfare of the world and the
solution of its insistent problems. Let us look at some
of these testimonies to the power and worth of the re-
ligion and faith of which we are teachers.
Shall we turn first to the sphere of international re-
lations to make our observations? Could we find a bet-
jter one in which to make a test? It is a sphere which
has been absolutely disrupted by the occurrences of re-
cent years. We are not only suffering from the bitter
hatreds bred by the Great War, but quite a number of
wars are still being waged and others threaten to break
out. Is there any healing for this barbarous state of af-
fairs? The League of Nations, the subject of bitter con-
troversy among our politicians, has been advertised as
the panacea which will bring war to an end. Granting
to the League of Nations all the influence in this direc-
tion, that its warmest advocates claim (and I am a firm
believer in the League of Nations), it will not get us very
far in the solution of international relations until not
only the diplomats who deal with international matters
professionally but the nations which they represent act
on Christian principles and from Christian motives.
Many so-called practical men would sneer at this as the
va,gue idealism of a minister. But let us answer such
contempt by calling the attention of the practical man to
the opinion of a brilliant historian and master diplomat,
none other than Lord Bryce. This man of letters who
has an intimate and practical knowledge of international
relations has recently said: "The one sure hope of a
permanent foundation for world peace lies in the exten-
sion throughout the world of the principles of our Lord
and Saviour Jesus Christ". Lord Bryce has only ut-
tered the sober truth. It makes no difference whether
the present League of Nations or an Association of Na-
tions is put into operation ; it remains a fact that either
one will be nothing but scraps of paper in the day of
12
The Significance of the Ministry for the World To-Day
testing, if the peoples which are represented in the
Covenant do not recognize the moral sovereignty of Je-
sus Christ.
Let us turn to another but closely related question,
the world-wide problem of social unrest, a nightmare at
the present time to the governments of the world. We
give it the convenient and for most of us rather vague
designation of Bolshevism. It is found the world over
and it is Protean in its forms. A year ago it manifested
itself in the police strike at Boston and to-day in Italy in
the illegal seizure of property. What form it may take
to-morrow no man can predict. The great questions for
governments are its control and suppression. All
practical men will acknowledge that it is an almost in-
superable difficulty. With reference to its solution the
New York Evening Post recently published a remark-
able statement for which the financial correspondent of
the paper in London was responsible. According to this
authority, business men in England had come to the con-
clusion that there were only two ways of coping with the
Bolshevist spirit. First the governments might take
sterner measures for its control, but they realized in the
present inflamed state of public feeling that such treat-
ment would be very dangerous. The other solution,
really the only practical one, was a revival of re-
ligion. The correspondent went out of his way to
make clear that this was not the opinion of religious
fanatics or crafty politicians but the well weighed opin-
ion of the most practical of men, hard headed business
men. In a very striking fashion this judgment would
agree with that of the historian Lecky in his reasons for
England escaping the horrors of the French Revolution.
Lecky, who had no special predilection for Christianity,
regarded the conversion of John Wesley as an epoch in
English history because of the profound influence of
this great divine upon the minds of the masses of the
people. When the eighteenth century closed, Europe
13
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
was as much torn to pieces by the influences emanating
from France as a result of the revolutionary movement
in that land as it is to-day on account of the consequences
of the World War and the Soviet revolution in Russia;
yet England, just across the narrow waters of the Chan-
nel, for various reasons escaped all the horrors of the
reign of terror, but, according to Lecky, "a prominent
place must be given to a new and vehement religious en-
thusiasm which was at that very time passing through
the middle and lower classes of the people, which had en-
listed in its service a large proportion of the wilder and
more impetuous reformers, and which recoiled with hor-
ror from the anti- Christian tenets that were associated
with the revolution in France".
I shall mention another large and influential group
who have come to realize that disaster will overtake
them and the present social order if men do not recog-
nize the principles of Jesus Christ and practice them as
individuals and groups. I have in mind the leaders of
the Labor Movement, especially those of Great Britain.
I wonder how many in this audience are aware that an
International Conference on Labor and Religion was
held in London just one year ago, Sept. 1 — 5. It was
called, not by the bishops of the Anglican Church, and
not by the leaders of the Free Churches, but by the re-
cognized heads of the Labor Movement, who frankly
stated that with its growth in power and its success in
politics their movement was in danger of being over-
whelmed by the influence of gross materialism. They
needed the purifying and ennobling spirit of religion
among the masses whom they represented if they were
to achieve the goal which they had set before them.
The stenographic record of the speeches and dis-
cussions of the Conference in printed form came into my
hands only the other day. The volume is full of ma-
terial of the profoundest significance and of the great-
14
The Significance of the Ministry for the World To-Day
«st interest for the minister of Jesus Christ. Take, for
example, the titles of some of the speeches : ' ' The Perils
to the Workers from Materialism", or ''Has Socialism
Lost its Soul?", or "Religion Implicit in the Labor
Movement". Still more suggestive are the two follow-
ing titles: "Back to the Gralilean!" and "The Need of
Religious Power".
A quotation or two will have to suffice to suggest
to you the spirit of this Conference. A Norwegian so-
cialist, in a speech of some length, said some very strik-
ing things. "I consider, consequently, a good relation-
ship between Labor and Religion — both of which stand
for brotherhood — to be the most central and important
problem of to-day And it is not enough that social-
ism revises its economic and political theories in our
time. It is also necessary to renew the movement from
religious sources In my opinion Labor and Reli-
gion are engaged in the same work and ought to work
along converging lines to a common end".
I feel sure that all of us will be ready to subscribe
without any reservation to the sentiment uttered by a
lady who took part in a discussion following one of the
speeches. "Might I venture a few words. Christ will
come. He worked at a carpenter 's bench. He scourged
those who misused the temple, not because they were
doing business, but because they were doing business in
a corrupt and illegal and immoral manner. He said
that true religion was to 'love thy God with all thy heart
and with all thy soul and with all thy strength ; and thy
neighbor as thyself. He did not say thy Socialist
neighbor, thy Capitalist neighbor, thy Liberal neighbor,
or thy Conservative neighbor. He said 'thy neighbor'
without any distinction. And if it were possible to love
our neighbors even only a little as we love ourselves,
there would be no strikes and no immoral oppression,
nothing at all to prevent the world from becoming one
brotherhood under one God of love" (p.79).
15
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
I could bring forward a great many more facts and
incidents to prove to you the need of the recognition of
the moral sovereignty of Jesus Christ and a realization
of the spiritual poverty of mankind. Such a condition
constitutes a Macedonian call to young men to devote
their lives to the preaching of Jesus Christ, not only that
individual men may be saved, but that political and so-
cial institutions may enjoy a degree of stability.
The situation and the realization of the danger
clearly indicate the nature of our task as ministers of the
Gospel. It is not our function to advocate new economic
theories or develop social programs, but to remember
that we are to preach Jesus Christ and preach the prin-
ciples of life and duty which he taught, to inspire
men with a lofty idealism and instill into their minds
the conception of the Kingdom of God on earth. It
involves setting forth of the ideal that Christ is to domi-
nate the whole circle of life — personal life, social life,
political life, industrial life, international relations, and
whatever other legitimate relations men may find them-
selves. It is exactly what the older ministers termed
'preaching Christ', but only a Christ who dominates the
whole circle of life rather than one small arc.
16
John Masefield *
Rev. George C. Fisher
The renaissance of poetry, both in the reading and
writing, is one of the literary phenomena of our day.
Half a score of names have become very familiar in this
field within recent years. No great singer, no master
seer, has yet arisen to take the place of the great Victor-
ians, but there are eager watchers expectantly awaiting
the swimming into our ken of some star of the first mag-
nitude. Said the subject of this sketch on the occasion
of his visit to America in 1918: "America is making
ready for the coming of a great poet. In England, in
Chaucer's day, many people were reading and writing
verse, then he came. The same intense interest in poet-
ry was shown again just before the coming of Shakes-
peare. And now in this country you are all writing
poems or enjoying them. You are making ready for a
master. A great poetic revival is in progress". No
one should more eagerly welcome the advent of a master
singer than the preacher, for in the deepest things of life
they are akin, both must be seers ; of the preacher at his
best as well as of the poet it must be said,
"He saw thro' life and death, thro' good and ill,
He saw thro' his own soul.
The marvel of the everlasting will,
An open scroll,
Before him lay."
While not ranking with the great poets of time, the
subject of this sketch is by many counted one of the
greatest, if not the greatest, English poet of the day. A
modern critic writes thus of him, ''To say John Mase-
field is a great poet is to say he has Chaucer's gift of
*This paper was written before the publication of Masefield's
very recent poems and hence contains no allusion to them.
17
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
catching and showing the flavor of persons and circum-
stances; much of the delicate perception of beauty that
was in Keats; much of the color that was in Coleridge,
and the plain earth wisdom of Burns; much, even, of
the sap and savor of life that was the power of Shakes-
peare". I shall not attempt a close estimate or critical
study of his work, I shall pretend only to speak of some
of its phases which have interested or helped me.
First, I would say I have found him interesting. I
have experienced in his reading something of the thrill
and delight one remembers in Chaucer. His major
poems are narrative and abound in human interest, color,
and movement. He carries one along. Dante, Goethe,
Milton, Browning, the high angels of song, are for our
wrestling hours, when, lil^e Jacob at Jabbok, we cling
and cry, "I will not let thee go except thou bless me".
But one can read Masefield when he is weary and per-
haps know the experience he describes, —
"And men in desert places, men
Abandoned, broken, sick with fears.
Rose singing, swung their swords again
And laughed, and died among the spears."
Then he is quotable. Vulgar and utilitarian may be
the motive, but I like a poet that is quotable, for to me,
that is always a purple patch in a sermon or discourse
where the thought is lifted and lighted by an apt quota-
tion in verse. Browning is supremely the preacher's
poet, but he is difficult for the speaker to remember and
for the average audience to grasp. Masefield 's thought
may lack profundity, but now and again he hits off a
truth in happy phrase. How well the fact that a man's
reaping is always like his sowing is put in this stanza:
"All that I rightly think or do,
Or make, or spoil, or bless, or blast,
Is curse or blessing justly due
For sloth or effort in the past.
My life's a statement of the sum
Of vice indulged or overcome."
Eobertson could have found in *'The Seekers", apt que-
ls
John Mase field
tations for Ms great sermon on ''The Illusiveness of
Life".
"Friends and lovers we have none, nor wealth nor blessed abode,
But the hope of the City of God at the other end of the road.
Not for us are content, and quiet, and peace of mind.
For we go seeking a city that we shall never find.
We travel the dusty road till the light of the day is dim.
And sunset shows us spires away on the world's rim."
Any mother would sympathize with this, —
"He who gives a child a treat
Makes joy bells ring on heaven's street.
And he who gives a child a home
Builds palaces in Kingdom Come,
And she who gives a baby birth
Brings Savior Christ again to earth."
Passing with mere mention the rythm and beauty of
much of Masefield's verse that brings rest and delight to
the spirit, I would dwell on what is probably the most
significant characteristic of onr author — his democracy.
He has been termed "the greatest among all modern
poets of the people". His exceedingly wide and varied
experience of life, bringing him into contact with the
masses of men, gives him sympathy with humanity in
the rough, and to them he dedicates his songs in ' ' Conse-
<jration".
"Not of the princes and prelates with perwigged chariotiers
Riding, triumphantly laureled, to lap the fat of the years, —
Rather the scorned — the rejected — the men hemmed in
with the spears;
"The men of the tattered batallion which fights till it dies.
Dazed with the dust of the battle, the din and the cries,
The men with the broken heads and the blood running into
their eyes.
"Others may sing of the wine and the wealth and the mirth.
The portly presence of potentates goodly in girth; —
Mine be the dirt and the dross, the dust and scum of the
earth."
In his introduction to the ''Scarlet Letter" Haw-
thorne acknowledges that, though going back two cen-
turies for the setting and characters of his immortal
tale, there lay, in the lives of the commonplace men that
surrounded him in the dreary custom house, abundant
19
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
material for romance. "The page of life that was
spread out before me seemed dull and commonplace only
because I had not fathomed its deepest import. A bet-
ter book than I shall ever write was there". Markham
has a fine sentence about the poet, — "All of life is ma-
terial for his seeing eye and his thinking heart, as he
makes the wonderful familiar and the familiar wonder-
ful"— a sentence that has its application for the
preacher as well as the poet, by the way.
Now it is from the page of life spread out before
him that Masefield takes his characters, and his seeing
eye and thinking heart enable him to clothe with the
glory of poetry their common and almost vulgar life.
All the heroes of his longer poems, if heroes they may be
called, are common people, very common, some of them.
Saul in "The Everlasting Mercy" is one of Begbie's
"Twice Born Men", with his duplicate in almost any
Salvation Army Barracks. His "Widow in the Bye
Street", "who rose from ragged mattress before sun
and stitched all day until her eyes were red, and had to
stitch, because her man was dead" may be found down
many a by street. "Dauber", the would-be painter of
the sea, is a man of high dreams and mediocre ability.
Lion, Michael, Mary, in "Daffodil Fields" are ordinary
children of ordinary farmers. These common people
Masefield sets forth in the ordinary surroundings of
their native habitat, portrayed in the language common
to their sphere. He paints them with the wart. But
to him they are not common, and when we enter into
sympathy with him we begin to share his sense of the
wonderful in the familiar.
I think no one can read Masefield sympathetically
without a deepening sense of the pathos and tragedy of
common life. His ear is sensitive to the "Still, sad, mu-
sic of humanity" — and who that has not heard that note
can be either poet or preacher? Old Alcinous, marking
the tears of Odysseus as the bard Demodicus sings of
20
John Masefield
the fall of Troy, asks ''And tell me why you weep and
grieve within your breast? This the Gods wrought,
they spun the thread of death for some, that others, in
time to come, might have a song". Back of the song,
underneath the song, the tragedy, the sorrow; the two
inextricably mingled in life. Masefield is sensitive to
this. He tells us his purpose in writing "The Widow in
the Bye Street". When he had finished "The Everlast-
ing Mercy" he felt he ought to write something unlil^e it,
that "as I had shown one thing that often happens in
life, the seemingly unworthy person made happy for no
apparent reason, so I ought to write of the opposite, the
seemingly worthy woman made heartbroken for no ap-
parent reason". The setting of the poem is sordid; the
withered old mother in all the poverty and barrenness of
her life; Jim, her son, "The squab" as Anna calls him,
the youth in the puppy love stage; Anna, the woman
whose feet take hold on hell, the spider who weaves her
thread about the callow youth, ' ' married or not, she took
men by the brain, sucked at their hearts and tossed them
back again"; Shepherd Ern, Anna's paramour, Jim's
rival, for whose murder he is hung. These are the char-
acters. "So the four souls are ranged, the chess board
set. The dark invisible hand of secret fate brought it to
come to being that they met after so many years of lying
in wait". The setting is the sphere in which such peo-
ple move; the scene, one enacted again and again in
life. But it is not a story of lust and murder, though
lust is pictured with rather a realistic pen ; it is a story
of the love, patience, suffering, and heroism of a mother
heart beating in the withered breast of the blear-eyed old
woman. One rises from the reading realizing afresh
the tragedies enacted in common life, prepared to say of
many a common scene, as Jacob said of Bethel, —
' ' Surely God is in this place and I knew it not ' '.
"Daffodil Fields" opens with a description of
ordinary English landscape, nothing about it to sug-
21
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
gest romance or tragedy, — '^The smoke of all three
farms lifts blue in air as though man's passionate mind
had never suffered there"; but Quiller— Couch says,
''Neither in the design nor in the telling did or could
Enoch Arden come near the truth of Daffodil Fields".
"The Dauber" feels in his breast the sting and hun-
ger of the artist's creative instinct, the quenchless thirst
for beauty; he would paint ships, the sea, and seamen.
He goes to sea that he may learn through experience.
Cursed, kicked, ridiculed by the rough crew, his sketches
erased, his ideal unappreciated, he follows the gleam,
keeps his ideal undimmed ; in the awful hell of the Horn
where ''in that month's torment while she wested he was
never warm nor dry, nor full nor rested" he mns his
manhood, conquers fear, gains the respect of the crew;
then just as fair skies and quiet seas are won, a few days
out from Valpariso, he falls from the rigging and dies.
It is the pathos of Moses on Pisgah, the pathos of Lin-
coln dying when the war was won, the pathos of souls
that have dreamed great dreams and suffered for them,
then died in sight of the promised land.
He feels the pathos in a life going out without a
tear. At least we think we catch the pathetic note in his
bit of verse entitled "Bill".
"He lay dead on the cluttered deck and stared at the cold
skies,
With never a friend to mourn for him nor a hand to close
his eyes;
'Bill, he's dead,' was all they said; 'he's dead, 'n there
he lies.'
"The mate came forward at seven bells and spat across the
rail:
'Just lash him up wi' some holy stone in a clout o* rotten
sail,
'N, rot ye, get a gait on ye, ye'r slower 'n a bloody snail.'
"When the rising moon was a copper disk and the sea was
a strip of steel.
We dumped him down to the swaying weeds ten fathom
beneath the keel.
'It's rough about Bill,' the fo'castle said, 'We'll have to
stand his wheel.' "
But, though he feels the pathos of life, let us not think
22
John Mase field
there is about our poet any sickly sentiment, any note of
whimper, any flutter of white flag, in his attitude to-
wards life. He is tremendously virile. He exults in the
thrill of abounding physical life, the play of supple mus-
cle, pulse of bounding blood, zest of contest. Again and
again occur stanzas reminding one of Browning's lines
in "Saul"
"Oh, the wild joys of living! the leaping from rock up to
rock.
The strong rending of boughs from fir trees, the cool silver
shock
Of the plunge in a pool's living water."
Take Saul Kane's contempt for men
"Who'd never felt the boxers trim
Of brain divinely knit to limb.
Nor felt the whole live body go
One tingling health from top to toe."
Or test by your own youthful experience the lines,
"The men who don't know to the root
The joys of being swift of foot,
Have never known divine and fresh
The glory of the gift of flesh.
Nor felt the feet exult, nor gone
Along a dim road on and on.
Knowing the bursting glows.
The mating hare in April knows.
Who tingles to the pads with mirth
At being the swiftest thing on earth."
And not less virile is our poet's attitude towards
man's spiritual life. Here again one is reminded of
Browning in his high courageous note. "He welcomes
each rebuff that turns earth's smoothness rough". He
exults in a soul rising triumphant over hardship, failure,
apparent defeat, schooled and disciplined by adversity.
From the terrible experience of a sailor in rounding the
Horn, the Dauber comes forth a man. He has lost fear:
^'He sang as he scrubbed, for he had done with fear,
fronted the worst and looked it in the face; he had got
manhood at the testing place". His fine poem on the
ship "Wanderer" has the same theme. Three times the
beautiful ship puts out to sea only to come limping back,
23
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the victim of storm or accident, —
"So, as though, stepping to a funeral march.
She passed defeated homewards whence she came.
Ragged with tattered canvass white as starch,
A wild bird that misfortune had made tame."
At last her name is associated by the sailors with mis-
fortune and defeat and spoken in contempt. They ex-
pect her to return, a coward, beaten, thing. But one day
she puts out and does not return. The poet sailor
watches for her long months and years till one day he
sights her in a southern port at Christmas tide, —
"Come as of old a queen untouched by time,
Resting the beauty that no seas could tire,
Sparkling as though the midnights rain were rime.
Like a man's thoughts transfigured into fire."
As he looks, one of her crew begins to sing some tune of
Christmas day; soon men on other ships join in the
song,
"Over the water came the lifted song —
Blind pieces in a mighty game we swing;
Life's battle is a conquest for the strong;
The meaning shows in the defeated thing."
With Browning, he glorifies life's ideal. "What I
aspired to be and was not, comforts me". He who fol-
lows some high and holy vision will find in it strength
and comfort in weakness, and final rest and victory,
though he die with his ideal unattained. So it is with
'''The Dauber". Beauty is the ideal of this man. He
would set down on canvass all the various scenes, all the
shifting beauty of the sea. In this ideal he loses him-
self ; it enables him to forget the rough horse play of the
sailors,
"He dipped his brush and tried to fix a line.
And then came peace and gentle beauty came
Turning his spirit's water into wine,
Lightening his darkness with a touch of flame:
O, joy of trying for beauty, ever the same.
You never fail, your comforts never end;
O, balm of this world's way: O, perfect friend."
It strengthens him for experiences before which his very
soul trembles. As the ship approaches the Horn where
24
John Masefield
lie must bear his part with the sailors, they tell him of
its many terrors he may expect, — ''Hell of continued
toil in ice and snow, frostbitten hell in which the westers
blow shrieking for days on end, in which seas gulf the
starving seamen till their marrows freeze". Then a
thought occurs within the painter's brain "like a bright
bird", — this experience will enable him to paint things
never attempted before.
"That was what his work meant; it would be
A training in new vision — ^a revealing
Of passionate men in battle with the sea,
High on an unseen stage, shaking and reeling;
And men through him would understand their feeling,
Their might, their misery, their tragic power,
And all by suffering pain a little hour."
So it is loyalty to his ideal that enables the Dauber 'Ho
bring his honor round the Horn unstained". For the
joy that is set before him he endures the cross. Tough-
ened, virilised by his rough experiences, established at
last in the respect of the creAV, the Mate thinks to wean
him from the folly of his painting,- — -"And now you'll
stow that folly, trying to paint. Cape Horn has sent
you wisdom over the bow if you've got sense to take it.
You are a sailor. By God, before you were a woman's
tailor". But the Dauber answers "No". Then comes
the fall from the mast. Death cuts short the artist's
dream. But he is undefeated. Broken, dying, on the
deck he cries "It will go on". There is in the closing
stanzas of this great poem something reminiscent of the
mood of "The Grammarian's Funeral". The Dauber lies
in majestic quiet on the deck under a sail cloth far be-
yond the cut of the blast or the chill of the wave.
"Night fell, and all night long the Dauber lay
Covered upon the table; all night long
The pitiless storm exulted at her prey.
Huddling the waters with her icy thong.
But to the covered shape she did no wrong.
He lay beneath the sail cloth. Bell by bell
The night wore through; the stars rose, the stars fell.
"***** all night through
The green seas on the deck went washing by,
25
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Flooding the half deck; bitter hard it blew.
But little of it all the Dauber knew —
***** jje was off duty."
The body is committed to the sea and soon the ship-
makes Valpariso. One can but think that in his beauti-
ful picture of the boat coming majestically into the
haven Masefield is thinking of Dauber's spirit that has
come into port grandly and never struck sail to a fear.
"Onwards she thundered, on; her voyage was short,
Before the tier's bells rang her into port.
"Cheerily they rang her in, those beating bells.
The new come beauty stately from the sea,
Whitening the blue heave of the drowsy swells,
Treading the bubbles down. Three times three
They cheered her moving beauty in, and she
Came to her berth so noble, so superb;
Swayed like a queen, and answered to the curb."
In its spirit Masefield 's poetry is profoundly reli-
gious. Perhaps his two best known poems are "The
Everlasting Mercy" and ''The Widow in the Bye
Street". In the first he pictures a man made happy
without reason, and this happiness comes through con-
version. Boldly and powerfully, Saul Kane tells his
life story. Scenes and words may savor of coarseness
sometimes but there is always present the ring of sin-
cerity. To the student of religious psychology the en-
tire poem is worthy of careful study.
At its close ''The Widow in the Bye Street" rises to
great religious height. The old Mother is kneeling with
her condemned son in his cell calling his mind away from
the thought of coming doom to things eternal.
"Don't think of that, but think, the mother said.
Of men going on long after we are dead.
"Red helpless things will come to birth.
And hear the whistles going down the line.
And grow up strong and go about the earth.
And have much happier times than yours and mine;
And some day one of them will get a sign.
And talk to folk, and put an end to sin.
And then God's blessed kingdom will begin.
"God dropped a spark down into everyone.
And if we find and fan it to a blaze
It'll spring up and glow, like — like the sun,
26
John Mase field
And light the wandering out of stony ways.
God warms his hands at man's heart when he prays,
And light of prayer is spreading heart to heart;
It'll light all where now it lights a part.
"And God who gave his mercies takes his mercies,
And God who gives beginnings, gives the end.
I dread my death; but it's the end of curses,
A rest for broken things too broke to mend.
O Captain Christ, our blessed Lord and Friend,
We are two wandering sinners in the mire.
Burn our dead hearts with love out of thy fire.
"And when death comes. Master, let us bear it
As of thy will, however hard to go;
Thy cross is infinite for us to share it.
Thy help is infinite for us to know.
And when the long trumpets of the judgment blow
May our poor souls be glad and meet again,
And rest in Thee." "Say, 'Amen,' Jim." "Amen."
Latrobe, Pa.
27
The Revised Version and Other Recent Trans-
lations of the Bible.
By Rev. David E. Culley, Ph. D.
The present generation seems destined to witness a
multiplicity of revisions and new versions of the Scrip-
tures and parts of the Scriptures. Already in recent
years the whole Bible, or portions of it, have been re-
peatedly translated or revised in most of the languages
of the Christian world, and in Great Britian and Amer-
ica this phase of Christian activity has been specially
marked. It is true that in this particular the New Testa-
ment has received the lion's share of attention hitherto.
That such should be the case is but natural, however,
and to be expected in view of the fact that the motives
operative in the production of new versions of the Scrip-
ture are likely to make themselves felt first in the sphere
of the New Testament, just as any fresh enterprise
touching the Scriptures of both Testaments almost
always concerns itself first with the New as likely to pro-
duce results of greater interest and moment to the
Christian world, and the present activity in Scripture
translation is no exception to the rule.
In the entire history of the Church in the English
speaking countries two periods only have been very
active in the production of new versions of the Bible.
The interest of other ages was centered elsewhere so
that they, no doubt, experienced no great need for activ-
ity in this direction. The periods referred to are: first,
the Reformation, or, to be more exact, the century fol-
lowing the break from Rome; and second, our own age.
The particular problem that the Reformation period
attempted to meet was the need to acquaint the common
man with the Word of God. The zeal that fired T3rn-
dale, Coverdale, and their successors in the great en-
28
The Revised Version and Other Recent Translations of the Bible
terprise of the period grew out of their ambition to see
the ploughboy, and the merchant too, able to buy and
read a copy of the Word of God in English. In brief,
the one problem which lay before all these workers from
Tyndale to the Jacobean Committee, to whom we owe
the Authorized Version, was a problem of intelligibil-
ity, how to present the Scriptures to their readers in
the most intelligible English form. Having this as their
one object, they were not so much concerned about the
accuracy of the original text, or knotty problems of
Hebrew or Greek syntax, and lexicography, as they were
about English phrase and vocabulary. As a result, their
work is not a reflex of the Hebrew or Greek Bibles, but
rather more closely mirrors the Latin text of the Vul-
gate. It was not a time for concern about the form of
the text in the original Biblical languages, and some of
them made no pretense about it but confessed freely
in their prefaces that their translations were based up-
on the Latin and German versions; for their purpose
a rendering of these versions into English sufficed.
For them the urgent need was to give their generation
the "Word of God in their own language wherein they
were born, and, in fulfilling this high mission, these
excellent artists succeeded in performing a magnificent
service to the English Church of their age. And as a
matter of fact also they builded better than they knew
at the time, for, while they sought to serve their own
day, their work satisfied the demands of the English
speaking Christians for the Scriptures for generations
to follow; and when the Version of 1611 had made its
way into the hearts of the subjects of King James, it
was destined to remain the accepted and acceptable form
of the Word of God down to the age of Queen Victoria.
But another and very different problem in connec-
tion with the Sacred Scriptures arose in the Christian
world during the 19th century. In the years interven-
ing between the Jacobean Age and the Victorian Age,
29
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
and especially during the last century, Biblical scholar-
ship had made such strides forward, on the one hand,
and the languages into which the earlier generations
had first rendered the Scriptures had so completely
changed, on the other hand, that the obligation that
rested upon the Church to foster the virtue of Christian
knowledge demanded a new and modern version for the
new and modern age. The great advance made in the
science of textual criticism of the new Testament and
in its lexicography, together with a better knowledge of
the language, gave the scholarly world a New Testament
to which the ploughboy and the merchant no longer had
access in their mother tongue.
So the work of translation or revision of the Sacred
Books must needs be begun anew and carried forward
with a zeal equal to that which fired the energy of Tyn-
dale and Coverdale in the earlier day, if the most far-
reaching gains made in Biblical scholarship in the new
age were to be conserved to the Church and the world.
But the task was no easy one. To many in the 19th
century it must have seemed exceedingly uninviting.
The difficulties involved were so tremendous. Theirs
was no longer the situation which faced the translators
of the earlier period. It was no longer a matter of
English Bible or no English Bible, but of a better Bible,
an English Bible that would be as nearly a mirror of
the original Scriptures as they left the hands of their
writers as that may be possible in a translation. That
was the new ideal. There were reasons why men who
were best qualified for this great undertaking should
hesitate before putting their hands to the work. There
were first the technical difficulties of the task itself of
which more anon, but the chief deterrent must have been
the objection that great numbers of Christian people were
sure to offer to a version that sought to displace the
English Bible of their fathers in their study and affec-
tions. Millions then living had been brought up on the
30
The Revised Version and Other Recent Translations of the Bible
Authorized Version. It was a most sacred heritage
and so not lightly to be set aside or superseded, even
by a version that promised the advantage of greater
accuracy and could claim to represent a more authorita-
tive text of Scripture.
But in spite of these difficulties, the work was finally
undertaken, and when completed a new era was inaugu-
rated in the history of our English Bible. Let us hasten
to acknowledge the indebtedness of the English speak-
ing Christian world to the devoted scholars who so faith-
fully did their work and so courageously met the im-
perative need for a more accurate English Bible. And
let us not hesitate to acknowledge also, before going
further, that the results of their labors were all that
could be hoped for, if not all that could be desired, in the
light of the aims the revisers had set themselves. For,
of course, it is in the light of these aims that we must
judge their work. They did not propose to neglect the
work of the Jacobean Committee or to displace it. The
Church was not likely to be tolerant of such a step at
that time, so, as the earlier committee "never thought,
from the beginning, to make a new translation but to
make a good one better, '' the revisers undertook to make
the King James Version better. The wonderful felicity
of phrasing of the Authorized Version — its rhythm, its
strength and melody, which had contributed so much to
make it the first classic of our literature, they sought to
leave unchanged in so far as that was consonant with
their chief aim, which we may now define as two-fold:
first, that of modernizing the English of the older ver-
sions in those instances only where its obsolete charac-
ter completely obscured the meaning for a reader of the
19th Century; and second, that of conforming the Eng-
lish version to the text of the Old and New Testaments
in the original languages.
Such was the general aim of the revisers and our
question is whether they succeeded in attaining unto it.
31
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
And the answer to this question must be in the affirma-
tive. They changed the older version only in those
places where it was necessary to modernize its obsolete
vocabulary and where the Authorized Version failed to
represent the original text.
But when we ask ourselves whether their work is
satisfactory from our point of view, a point of view which
is much more modern than was theirs, we are compelled
to answer this latter question in the negative. And, for
the purpose of a clear understanding of the situation in
pointing out why this is so, we must distinguish between
the work of the New Testament Committee and that to
which we owe the Eevised Old Testament. For while
in the one part of the general task — that of preserving
the language and phraseology of the older version — the
work of both connnittees was nearly or more nearly
on a par, in the more important element of their under-
taking— that of conforming their version to the original
texts — their work was very unequal.
In the first place so far as the English of the new ver-
sion goes, although the Old Testament scholars outrival-
led their New Testament colleagues in this phase of the
work it must be confessed that the failure of both commit-
tees in this part particular was all too conspicuous. It was
one of their own number, was it not, who is reported
to have remarked at the completion of their work that
it was ''the greatest literary bankruptcy of the 19th
Century"? The chief mistake of both committees was
that they ever attempted to revise the older version.
To tamper with the style, diction, phraseology of another
and very di:fferent age is always to court failure, and
this is just what the revisers undertook to do. As well
might one attempt to wear the dress of Shakespeare's
day on the streets of London or New York today and
endeaver to seem natural. Elizabethan English cannot
be recast into the forms of a Victorian Age any more
than the Nineteenth Century can breath the atmosphere
32
The Revised Version and Other Recent Translations of the Bible
of the Sixteenth. But in dealing with the other phase
of their double task, the Revisers had more chance of
succeeding. Here it was a technical problem which con-
fronted them. Here they must discover the very best
text of the originals and translate it in accord with the
best knowledge of the idiom of the Greek and Hebrew.
Now it is just here that the work of the two commit-
tees shows the greatest inequality. It is true that the
New Testament Committee had considerable advantage
over their coworkers on the Old Testament. The science
of textual criticism of the New Testament had arrived at
definite results when the work of the Revisers was begun.
Tischendorf, Tregelles, Westcott and Hort, and others
had prepared the way. And, although lower criticism
had by no means given the world a finished New Testa-
ment text — nor is it completed today for that matter —
yet the text of the New Testament can be said to have
reached a fairly satisfactory state of restoration at the
time when the Revisers were busy upon it. And the
New Testament Committee took advantage of this fact.
The Old Testament scholars, on the other hand, had a
very different situation to deal with. It is, of course,
true that they had the same Hebrew text of the Old
Testament which we possess today. It has not changed
one vowel point since the days of the Massoretes. It is
the same text which the post-Reformation scholars had
before them. So in working out this part of their task
the Old Testament Revisers simply attempted to make
their translations conform to the Massoretic Hebrew text.
Now again it was precisely this attempt to render
the Massoretic Text into English that was the cause of
their comparative failure. Perhaps we may say that
their work was done too soon. In the first place, the
science of textual criticism had not been developed for
the Old Testament as it had for the New. Some work
had been done — yes, we may say that considerable work
had been accomplished by scholars here and there work-
33
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
ing independently — but for some reason the revisers were
somewhat timid in breaking with the view of the past on
the value of the Massoretic Text. Many of them cer-
tainly knew that it was unrealiable — yes, hopelessly cor-
rupt in many passages — yet with remarkably few excep-
tions they refused to break with it, preferring the
Hebrew Bible of Josephus and the Jews and refusing to
use the Greek Bible of Paul and the early Christian
Church as a corrective or control of the Hebrew text.
It is true that to use the ancient versions of the Old
Testament (Greek, Latin, Syriac) as a critical appara-
tus upon the basis of which to emend the Hebrew text
was a practice that was not yet extensively followed by
Old Testament scholars, yet it is the only textual control
to which we have access in the absence of ancient Hebrew
MSS. and moreover the practice offers excellent results
today to the Old Testament student. And so it is that
it may be said that, in consideration of the stage reached
by textual study in the Old Testament, the Revised Ver-
sion was made too soon.
Again we must conclude that the attempt was un-
timely from the point of view of the then current knowl-
edge of Hebrew syntax and lexicography. Great strides
forward have been made in both these spheres since 1890.
Perhaps it is not too much to affirm that the average
Hebrew student leaving our seminaries today knows his
Hebrew idiom better than did some of the scholars on
the Revision Committee. At least he can be trusted, I
hope, not to make some of the errors in translation which
mar many passages in our Old Testament in the Revised
Version. Comparative Semitic Grammar has aided
greatly in supplying this better knowledge of Hebrew.
And when we recall that Wright's Comparative Gram-
mar did not appear until 1890, and that it was a pioneer
in this field, it will be evident that the Old Testament
revision was attempted a little too soon. But just as
Comparative Semitic Philology has aided in the recovery
34
The Revised Version and Other Recent Translations of the Bible
of the knowledge of Hebrew idiom, so we liave gained
mucli also from the same source for Hebrew lexicography.
Onr access to Babylonian and Assyrian Literature, for
example, has clarified many an obscure word or passage
in the Hebrew Old Testament.
And so it is that the new version is already out-
distanced by the advance in our knowledge, and new
translations are as necessary now in view of the Revised
Version as the Revised Version was necessary in view
of the Authorized Version.
But we are not going to have to wait long for new
versions. In fact some excellent new translations have
alread}^ appeared for the New Testament, such as Dr.
Weymouth's translation, ''The Twentieth Century New
Testament" and Dr. Moffat's translation. Dr. Wey-
mouth's work — in fact all these translations — came as a
protest, we may say, against the barbaric English of
the Revised Version. In this sense their aim was a more
intelligible English, and Weymouth's and Moffat's trans-
lations combined with this an attempt after a better rep-
resentation of the original Greek text both from the point
of view of the text itself and the idiomatic language in
which it was written. Dr. Moffat's translation especially
is a work of great merit. It combines literary beauty
with accuracy of scholarship to an unusual degree and
cannot too highly be recommended to all students of the
New Testament.
In the sphere of the Old Testament we are not so far
along. No translation of the entire Old Testament has
appeared in English since the Revised Version except
the New Jewish version which was published in 1917,
a praiseworthy translation deserving consideration.
But we are naturally more concerned about the work of
Christian scholars; and while they have furnished us
with no version of the entire Old Testament, yet they
have produced several excellent translations of separate
books. Professor Driver translated certain books, such
35
Bulletin of the IVesrern Theological Seminary
as Jeremiali and the Psalter, alo Professor Cheyne.
And we should mention here also the translations found
in the Polychrome Bible. Other scholars have combined
translations with commentaries. The most notable of
these is Sir George Adam Smith's translation of the
Minor Prophets, in the Expositor's Bible, a work of the
highest merit. Its English is above reproach, and its
use of our best helps for textual control is on a par with
the most satisfactory work done today in this important
sphere of Old Testament study. Another more recent
work, incorporating a translation, is that of Prof. Burney
in his Commentar}^ on Judges, reviewed by the present
writer in the April number of the Bulletin for this year^ —
a modern translation in every particular. But the work
of the greatest importance that has yet been done in
rendering the Old Testament text into modern English
is that of Prof. John E. McFadyen, Professor of Old
Testament Language and Literature in the United Free
Church College, Glasgow. The following books in his
translation have appeared to date: The Wisdom Books
(Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastics), Lamentations, The Song
of Songs, The Psalms, Isaiah, and Jeremiah. They
bear the titles ''Psalms in Modern Speech", "Isaiah in
Modern Speech", etc. These translations are rich
in vivid and happy renderings of their poetic originals.
They make the great literar}^ and spiritual personalities
of the Hebrew people stand out for us, and their messages
come with a clarity and vivid character which they
have not hitherto had in any English rendering. With-
out going into detail, the following features characteriz-
ing these translations may be briefly noted.
(1) Professor McFadyen has based his translations
on the best resultant text of the Old Testament to be
had today; that is to say, he has not hesitated to allow
the text of the great ancient versions to take the place
of the Massoretic Text when the former had evidently
preserved the better text. And at times he has even
36
The Revised Version and Otke-- Recent Translations of the Bible
resorted to conjectural emendations, a course that is
occasionally a necessity if we are to arrive at any mean-
ing whatsoever in many passages of the Old Testament.
(2) Passages that are evidently poetry are printed
as such. This fact in itself is a great aid in understand-
ing and appreciating a given passage. Of course the
revisers followed the same practice in Job, Psalms,
Proverbs, and the Song of Songs; but much of the
prophetic writings is poetry, a fact which is much more
easily appreciated when poetic passages are printed in
rhythmic form.
(3) Quotation marks are used quite as we would
use them in modern writing, and why not? Even this
slight matter helps the reader to grasp the force of many
a passage.
(4) Occasionally Professor McFadyen has found it
necessary to rearrange the order of the verses, or certain
passages, and even at times to confess that it is impossi-
l)le to translate a passage- — we have lost its meaning en-
tirely— and in this latter case the wise course to pursue
is obviously to acknowledge that we cannot decipher the
thought in the present condition of the text.
And so Professor McFadyen and other scholars,
working upon their own initiative, are doing for us what
the revisers failed to do, and soon, let us hope, we will
have a modern English version of the Bible that will be
abreast of the best Biblical knowledge of our age and
couched in English that the ploughboy can read and un-
derstand, and which the cultured student of the Scrip-
tures can appreciate and enjoy.
The revisers did their work in their day and per-
haps the results, for the time being, were more happy
than they could have been had the workers proceeded
upon the basis of a more thorough and more scientific
handling of their original text. They prepared the
Christian world for later, more accurate, and better
37
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
translations, and for this we owe' them our gratitude.
We scarcely realize what a storm of protest their work
met from devout Christian people and how courageously
and patiently they answered their objectors. They were
pioneers, and they who come after them have an easier
and more pleasant road over which to go and we may
expect greater and better things from them in the present
and not far-distant future.
I
38
Literature.
The Theology of the Epistles. By H. A. A. Kennedy, D.D., D. Sc.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1920. $1.35.
Dr. Kennedy is Professor of New Testament Exegesis and
Theology in the United Free Church College at Edinburgh and is
well known in theological circles in both Europe and America
through his books. The present work belongs to the "Studies in
Theology" series, familiar to ministers and students as including
Peake's "Critical Introduction to the New Testament," Souter's
"Text and Canon of the New Testament," Moffatt's "Theology of the
Gospels," and other titles scarcely less notable. It is a good series,
and the book before us is a good book. It is good without being
large, which fortunately is possible. There are only 255 pages, one
of the requirements of the series being brevity.
Now it would be easy to assume that the writing of a small
book, having as its aim a semi-popular summary of a limited and
already well worked field, would call for no more than a moderate
equipment of scholarship. But this assumption would be a great
mistake. To produce a really successful book of this character and
scope is in fact a difficult task. It demands not only a mastery of
facts but also a balanced judgment and a sense of proportion such
as only ripe scholarship can give. Another important factor is the
matter of style. To cover an enormous field of investigation under
constant limitations of space, and to turn out a finished product that
anybody will read — this is a result which few can hope to achieve.
Happily Professor Kennedy has the requisite scholarship. We
would have learned that from this book if we hadn't known it
before.
And he has the other requisite of style. Witness this (with
much as good) on a subject so threadbare as that of the personality
of Paul: — "No figure in early Christianity stands out before us in
such glowing clearness as its greatest missionary. The frankness of
his self-revelation, the overmastering sway of his personality, the
sheer force and sweep of his Christian faith, the enthusiasm of his
devotion to Christ, all combine to focus our interest on this master-
builder of the early Church" (p. 6). Or this, about "Hebrews": —
"More careful research has shown that the book is unique in New
Testament literature. Its affinities with crucial conceptions of
Paulinism are obvious. But it especially represents the blending of
a distinct type of culture with Christian belief, and serves to remind
us of the varieties of thought which found a home in the Christian
society" (p. 11). Or this, expressing so vividly the changed atmos-
phere which one feels upon turning from the Letters of Paul to later
Christian writings such as I. Clement, Hermas, and Barnabas: —
"The splendid enthusiasm of Paul's spirituality has vanished, and in
its stead there has emerged a correct, commonplace piety which
claims from its adherents self-control, patience, obedience, and
brotherly love, and furnishes them with an elaborate series of
maxims, intended to regulate their conduct from day to day. We
sorely miss the freshness and spontaneity of Paul's experience.
There are no surprises of heroic faith, no outbursts of self-forgetting
devotion to Christ, no bold ideals of service and consecration. 'A
common greyness silvers everything'" (pp. 222-23).
39
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
One is tempted to go on quoting, for the book is eminently
quotable. The following extracts will illustrate the balanced judg-
ment which characterizes the discussion of almost every point: —
"Here [on the question of the extent to which primitive Christi-
anity was influenced by its environment], it may be admitted, the
materials for arriving at a judgment are accumulating in bewildering
variety. Hasty conclusions are attractive, and usually erroneous.
In no field of inquiry is it more needful to resist large generaliza-
tions, until the evidence has been adequately sifted, and its bearings
carefully weighed" (p. 2). The next extract is a sane contribution
to the discussion of an important subject that has been much to
the fore since the appearance of Deissmann's "Bible Studies" and
subsequent books: — "Hence we have to keep in view, on the one
hand, the artless and occasional character of Paul's letters, and, on
the other, their claim, born of a personal assurance of contact with
the Divine, to be the medium of a Gospel, a redeeming message,
which has a right to challenge attention and obedience. If we give
each of these aspects its due place, we shall be able to avoid two
easy misconceptions: we shall not demand a rigid logic in the
apostle's pastoral counsels and instruction, nor painfully labour to
harmonize apparent inconsistencies in order to reach completely
rounded ideas; and we shall remember that he does not write as a
contributor to the sum of human knowledge, even the knowledge
of God, but as a man redeemed by Christ, who is convinced that he
holds the Divine secret of peace of conscience and life eternal for
all the burdened children of men" (p. 5).
Yet it should not be inferred that Dr. Kennedy's positions are
always mediating, or that he is lacking in independence of thought.
Commenting on Paul's wrestlings, in Romans 9-11, with the prob-
lem of God's dealings with Israel, he says: — "But in the course of
his argument he tries to account for the actual circumstances of the
case by the Pharisaic theory that God has mercy on whom he pleases
and makes stubborn whom he pleases. This is plainly to ignore the
moral conditions of the Divine activity" (p. 62). Again, having
occasion to refer to the eschatology of the Synoptic Gospels, he has
the following word anent the attitude of Jesus toward the "last
things": — "In an atmosphere of such eager expectation of the
Parousia as that in which the report of Jesus' words was handed
down, his sayings were exposed to modifications likely to stamp
them with eschatological features. But after due allowance has
been made for such influences, there remains a residuum of evidence
which cannot be explained away. Here we can only touch the sub-
ject. Various utterances of Jesus appear to imply that he expected
the Kingdom of God to be consummated within a comparatively
short period" (p. 110).
It is interesting to note that I. Peter is treated as a genuine
work of the Apostle and as therefore a witness, with Paul's writings,
to the thought of Christian leaders in the primitive period. The
Johannine Epistles are omitted from consideration entirely. The
reason, stated in the Preface, is obvious. Their thought "could not
be adequately treated apart from the Fourth Gospel." The remain-
ing "Catholic Epistles," together with the "Pastoral Epistles"
traditionally ascribed to Paul, are grouped together as presenting
"The Theology of the Developing Church." They are characteristic
products of the "post-Pauline evolution. . ., having in view a wide
circle of Christian communities and dealing principally with the
40
Literature
perils which beset Christian life and doctrine between, say, 90 and
150 A. D."
Professor Kennedy, with some other writers, prefers to speak
of "heathen-Christians" rather than "Gentile-Christians." It may
be questioned whether the phrase is a happy one, for American
readers at least.
Another minor criticism may be ventured. It has to do with
the references, in foot notes and in the Bibliography at the close, to
French and German works of which good translations are not only
available but are in general use. What is gained, in a book of this
character, by constantly using the original titles in referring to such
works? It may give the book an added appearance of learning, but
it is idle to suppose that Dr. Kennedy has been influenced by any
such consideration as this. Yet he consistently refers to Deissmann's
"Licht vom Osten" rather than to "Light from the Ancient East,"
to Cumont's "Les Religiones Orientales dans le Paganisme Romain"
rather than to "Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism," and so
with other works.
FRANK EAKIN, '13.
Western Theological Seminary.
Freedom and Advance. By Oscar L. Joseph. New York: The Mac-
millan Company. 1919. 269 pp. $1.75.
The author informs us in his foreword that he has done his best
in the midst of a busy parish to produce this book. He appends a
list of a hundred and eighty books, mostly recent, which he quotes
and uses for sources in what might be termed a study of the Tend-
ency of Modern Theology. The subjects he deals with are chosen
not from any theoretical or systematic standpoint but because they
are the questions he has found, in his position on the staff of the
"Methodist Review," which are uppermost in the minds of the reli-
gious leaders of the day.
He has aimed at being stimulating and suggestive rather than
exhaustive. I would characterize his work as sane, safe, and satis-
factory rather than stimulating or suggestive. For to be suggestive
one must indicate a large reserve of significant facts, whose study
may support or destroy the position taken, and he has thrown the
whole subject open. And to be stimulating one must be heretical,
at least from the reader's standpoint, and even pugnacious in tone.
It is of significance however in showing the interests, the tendency,
and the condition of the modern, successful American minister's
mind.
I. The first four chapters of the book deal with the problems
of Authority, the Bible, the Person and the Work of Christ.
The voice of authority, according to him, is to be "a type of
preaching with a spiritual accent and a note of dynamic assurance."
How far we have moved, not merely from the ban, the bull, and the
encyclical, but from a book of discipline, a confession, a creed! He
reviews, rapidly, the change wrought in this tone by the Protestant
Reformation, whose essence is individualism. He is led, by Forsyth,
and the Neo-Hegelian influence, to God as the ultimate authority.
He immediately adds the additional belief in the authority — the
41
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
"final authority" — of God in Christ. I would have expected a liberal
to only admit that Christ was an authority "on" God. He winds up
this discussion by indorsing the liberal's demand that "the tentative
character of dogma and the finality of faith" be not confused. This
chapter, rapidly read, will no doubt satisfy both sides equally.
However, it is not on a scale generous enough to be an irenicon
between the religious bolshevists and the theological bitter-enders.
The Bible, of course, is the crux of the matter. After telling
us that it is a vital book and to be studied historically, that we may
see the channels through which the river of grace flows, he adds that
it is to be studied religiously. Not merely is it an extraordinary
literary treasure, but it cannot be understood fully by logic and
speculation (exegesis and theology) but by "the sympathetic intui-
tions of a vital Christian experience." This is very close to the
Catholic position, which argues, quite cogently, if this position is
taken, that the bulk of the Church are not spiritually fit to read
the Bible. It is interesting, I believe, in showing how the free and
advanced are returning to what is really the reactionary positions
which the Reformation destroyed. Of course he maintains the
rights of criticism, on the very effective ground that the Master and
his great follower were very free in the use of the Old Testament.
But what can one ask for more than to hear that the New Testament
is the land of corn and wine and the "most joyous book" in the
world?
The Roman Catholics possess and value most highly the Christ
of Experience, and the Protestants, the Jesus of History. These two
are one. Here Mr. Joseph would part company with some of the
free and advanced leaders. He thinks the most promising avenue
for the new Christology to take is not logic, but psychology. " We
are to think of the incarnation in terms of redemptive experience.
I should judge that he means that the Nicene formulas were crea-
tions of the intellect, even if intellects of Greeks, and that we need
formulas that are an outcome of actual experience. But as long as
we draw a line, however vague, between experience and history, I
do not see how we can ever have a formula for the Church, though
each Christian may be able to work one out for himself. Still he
admits that even metaphysics, though largely arid and fruitless, can-
not be safely discarded. The verdict of a Hindu ascetic is accepted
as a prophecy (of the new Christological formula?). "There is this
difference between Christ and the other religions of the world. All
the others are passing away or will pass away. Christ alone re-
mains."
After this somewhat dangerous, because uncertain, ground
taken about the person of Christ, he emphasizes the evangelical
tenet that it was the cross at Calvary and not the Sermon on the
Mount that was central in. Christ's work. The early Church was
impressed by "the unique grace of redemption" rather than by the
"singular glory of (Christ's) character," and of course even less bj'
the novelty of his views. Again we have in our advance a return
to older positions. The liberal may at last see all the truth.
II. The next four chapters deal with the practical working
out of the positions assumed in the first four. Christian living is
the chief element that will give Christianity authority. Its success-
ful application and vindication in life will give it greater prestige
than all external trappings and support. It will be proved, scien-
42
Literature
tifically. But Christian Experience cannot be standardized. Hence
the varieties of Christians and the problem of Christian leaders, or
ministers. In discussing the origin and function of the Christian
ministry, he denies that our Lord did more than establish it, not
defining its position or function. This position — which as Presby-
terians we are supposed to deny — enables him to accept the principle
of Newman, of an evolving constitution for the Church. But he
emphatically rejects the historic episcopate, as a follower of Wesley
must. He quotes Lightfoot as characterizing the language of
Ignatius and Cyprian as blasphemous and profane. An historical
slip is found on page 121. "The theory of apostolic succession is a
purely legal fiction, first hatched in the brain of Cyprian the lawyer
and endorsed by Ignatius the one-time slave." Ignatius died 117,
and Cyprian died 2 58. In this day of Church unity, chaotic or
coherent, there is no greater problem. Not merely will the char-
acter of the Church union depend on the answer given, but the char-
acter of the Church and its Christianity follow on it. It will be
settled either by a Church council — the united church of Christ in
America will be presbyterian, even if only for a session, when it may
throw away the principle of popular, representative government for
a self-perpetuating group — Bishops, curia, or Board — or retain it
permanently. The two great tasks of the Church are to provide
Worship, which is the leading of the soul to communion with God,
and Religious Education. These two are organically connected.
Church History shows a great cycle, — The Ecclesia, discens, docens,
regnans, divisa, Privatoriim, and to-day discens again.
III. The last four chapters deal with the social tendency of
modern American Christianity, an account of Comparative Religions,
which is to shed so much light upon the task confronting the Church
in Missions. He ends this collection of essays with one upon the
"Here and the Hereafter.'' The argument for immortality is based
upon the spiritual progress of the Christian community, which is
evidence not merely of further spiritual and moral progress here,
but for the individual hereafter. The argument has all the weak-
ness of so-called liberal theology, but it is the most effectively
written paper in the book.
IV. In conclusion we find that the typical American mind of
to-day, — and that which is popular and successful is typical, — has
two outstanding marks. First, a genial, scholarly breadth of mind,
a little too rear'y to make compromises and to attempt to harmonize
what never can be harmonized, but which looks down upon idle
disputes, and is ready for great things. That is eminently hopeful.
The other mark is less worthy. This "emancipated liberal" mind
finds it hard to define the What, the Why, and the How of Christi-
anity. The yoke of dogma has been lifted; it has made belief easier,
but it has given an infinitely harder goal to be reached, for we
hardly know where we are going or how we are to get there. One
wonders whether the exchange is worth what is has cost.
A. P. KELSO, '10.
James Millikiu University, Decatur, 111.
Department of Biblical History and Literature.
43
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
The Children's Great Texts of the Bible. Edited by James Hastings.
New York: Charles Scribners Sons. 1920. 6 vols. $3.00
each. $15 the set.
Readers of the Expository Times will be glad that the editor
is making permanent and available a few of the children's sermons
that have appeared each month in the department entitled "Vir-
ginibus Puerisque." To these have been added a great many more.
Dr. Hastings seems indefatigable. It is refreshing to find that the
scholar who is responsible for such works as "The Encyclopaedia of
Religion and Ethics" and "The Dictionary of the Bible" is not un-
mindful of the needs of the children and of those who have charge
of their religious instruction.
The first three volumes which have appeared satisfy the high
expectations aroused by the reputation of the author. He himself
tells us that they are all original and are "fresh studies in the light
of God's Word." The arrangement is somewhat the same as in his
series on "Great Texts" and "Greater Men and Women of the Bible,"
except that the source of the material unfortunately is not given.
The texts follow the order in which they appear in the Bible, al-
though the context often must be disregarded. If only the publisher
will insist on a good index in the last volume, the practical value of
this collection to the pastor and parent will be enhanced.
Dr. Hastings is wise In keeping the parent, as well as the
preacher, in mind. When we consider the reprehensible rubbish
which even our best denominational book stores still palm off on
unsuspecting mothers in search of Bible stories for Sunday after-
noons, we hope that many parents will be introduced to this series
of sermons. They can well be read aloud, as they abound with in-
teresting stories and are short, averaging about five pages, with
over seventy sermons to each volume. The English child, however,
must be farther advanced in his knowledge of the Bible and general
literature than the American child, if the knowledge taken for
granted by Dr. Hastings is a criterion. Here the background is far
different, and the material must be simplified, and in most cases
only one point chosen from it to be driven home.
Books like these are a welcome change after the miserable flood
of children's "sermonettes" of late years, with all sorts of devices
to capture attention. Religious education experts warn us against
the use of objects, but doubtless many ministers will nevertheless
forget this when they draw upon this material.
The practice of having a short message for the boys and girls
of the congregation Is evidently becoming the wise custom in
England as here. Ministers know that they not only can lodge
many ideas in the impressionable hearts of their child listeners, but
occasionally throw out a few needed hints to hardened adults as
well. Above all, children can be trained in church attendance and
made to realize that they have a part in the services.
STANLEY A. HUNTER.
North Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.
44
Literature
My First Communion. By Rev. Hugh Thomson Kerr, D.D., LL.D.,
pastor of Shadyside Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication. Pp. 61.
1920. Price fifty cents.
Dr. Kerr has compelled advance interest in his booklet by the
choice of an inviting title. The minister, the parent, the Sunday
School teacher, and whoever is concerned to have young people con-
fess Christ and begin the Christian life intelligently, will say at once,
"This is just what I've been looking for." And indeed the boy or
girl, looking forward to the First Communion, will with a certain
shy eagerness welcome these helpful pages. But the author has
performed his task, not merely to recognize a sentiment, such as
quite naturally is associated with so blessed and sacred an experience
as one's First Communion, although that sentiment is most appro-
priately considered; he has written to instruct and stimulate.
The young communicant will prize the certificate of church
membership, signed by the pastor directing the service of reception,
by whose hands this First Communion was administered. The
hymn, beginning, "Oh Jesus I have prornised," is significantly de-
scribed as "My Covenant." A chapter is devoted to a description of
the feelings with which one comes to the Lord's Supper for the first
time, with some helpful observations touching the privilege of com-
ing, and a detailed account of the administration of the Sacrament.
A second chapter gives the order for adult baptism and for reception
into full communion of those who had been baptized as children, as
these orders are suggested in "The Book of Common Worship."
There are six more chapters, interpreting the meaning of being
a Christian, the meaning of confessing Christ, the meaning of being
a Church member, the means of growth in Christian living, the
temptations that must be faced and the way to meet and overcome
them, with a final appeal to be "Loyal unto the Last."
The full value of the booklet cannot be possessed by one pra-
Communion reading. It is a book to be studied. It will be a good
basis for pastors' communicant classes. Any one who learns what
is herein taught will know how his church differs from others, hotw
his own is made up and governed, what are its major undertakings,
and what are the outstanding duties he assumes in becoming a
member. Moreover, the student of these stimulating pages will get
much more than an outline. He will find himself rejoicing and
quickened in the direction of the ideals of a good member of the
Church of Jesus Christ.
„, , ^^. GEORGE N. LUCCOCK, '81.
Wooster, Ohio.
The Menace of Immorality in Church and State. By Rev. John
Roach Straton, D.D., Pastor of Calvary Baptist Church. New
York: George H. Doran Company. 1920. $1.75.
The unsettled condition of the times through which we have
been passing, during the last few years, has produced a certain
degree of disregard for law both civil and moral. The result is,
that many practices which would not have been tolerated a few years
ago, are in vogue to-day. Not because they are right, nor because
the moral law has changed, but because of the changed attitude of
45
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
mind on the part of masses of the people. This change has been
wrought by the tendency to and the practice of worldliness rather
than godliness. The evil effects of this worldly attitude have been
seen in the social circle, the state, and the church.
Appreciating the moral dangers with which the church and
state are confronted, and with view to warning the people of the
same, and helping them to safeguard themselves against the in-
evitable results of immorality. Dr. Straton has written his book en-
titled "The Menace of Immorality in Church and State."
The chapters of the book are sermons which Dr. Straton de-
livered from time to time from his own pulpit in New York. The
impressions made by the sermons were so deep, and the demand
for them in printed form, so great, that the author was finally per-
suaded to give the same to the public in book form. He does so in
the hope that the general reading of the book may help to improve
moral conditions in other localities. The book is composed of six-
teen plain and pointed discussions of phases and factors in social,
moral, and religious life.
Among other subjects mentioned, he speaks of the kind of
preaching the age needs; he deplores the control of social life by
worldliness, amusements, and Mammon. He makes a strong plea
for sexual purity and for a return to the sacred conception of home
life. He speaks in no uncertain sound against "rag-time" tendencies
in religion, and makes a strong plea for the sanctity of the Sabbath
as fundamental to social, moral, and national safety. He closes the
volume with a plain warning of impending judgment and a clear
statement of the reality of heaven and hell.
The author urges a spiritualized instead of a socialized force to
meet the needs of the hour. He speaks not in the frenzy of a mis-
guided and misinformed reformer, but with the authority of an in-
vestigator, therefore his conclusions carry weight and conviction.
The style of the author is earnest, frank, forceful, and fearless.
He is never radical, but always truthful. This is due to the fact
that he makes Bible truth the basis of his discussions. Dr. Straton
has made a real contribution to the literature of morals and practical
Christianity. He states conditions, reveals causes, and prescribes
the cure. The book ought to be read by pastors and laymen
throughout our land.
EDWARD A. HODIL, '99.
The Truth About Christian Science. By James H. Snowden, D.D.,
LL.D., Professor of Systematic Theology in Western Theological
Seminary. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. 1920. $2.40
net.
It is no disparagement of Dr. Snowden's work to say at the
outset that it is a compilation of the best .materials to be found on
the history and workings of Christian Science. His own intro-
ductory free discussion of the books that have thus far been written
on the subject amounts to a frank admission on this point. And in
the nature of the case nothing adequate could have been produced
at this date on such a subject without making very large use of its
abundant literature.
But though reproducing much of what has already been written
on Christian Science by such writers as Georgine Milmine, Dr.
46
Literature
Peabody, Dr. Powell, and others, Dr. Snowden's work has the
merit of being a comprehensive one. Miss Milmine has patiently,
laboriously, and with scrupulous regard for unvarnished facts,
gathered the materials concerning the life of Mrs. Eddy. Dr.
Peabody has examined the workings of the movement on its own
native soil, Mark Twain has turned it over in his keen mind, and
has shown its seamy side, but none of these writers, nor any other
so far as appears, has so analyzed its tissue and subjected it to so
many different kinds of tests as has Dr. Snowden. And no one was
perhaps as competent to do this as he. His experience as a long-
time student of metaphysics has given him the acquaintance with
the fundamental philosophical basis on which such a system as
Christian Science claims to rest; as a journalist he has had the
training necessary to reduce its subtleties to simple terms capable
of being understood by the common people; and as a man of broad
culture he has the equipment needed to explore the historical aspects
of the case. All these qualifications Dr. Snowden has put to good
use. Without undue harshness, yet without in the least disguising
or abating it, he has put into expression the reaction which an
innate love for truth must lead one to feel when faced with the
transparent dishonesty of Mrs. Eddy's declarations regarding the
origin of her ideas. With the same attitude of restrained but
indignant condemnation he meets her claim to divine inspiration
and authority. Her litigious spirit and inordinate greed for money
he exhibits in their barren nakedness with little comment or
criticism. Perhaps, however, the most original contribution to the
discussion is his analytical criticism of the text-book of Chrstian
Science, Mrs. Eddy's "Science and Health with Key to the Scrip-
tures." His predecessors seem to have shrunk from the thank-
less labor of subjecting this volume to a patient and consecutive ex-
amination. Dr. Snowden has done this with conscientious care.
Chapter by chapter he expounds its contents and gives his readers a
fair opportunity to get a full and clear conception of what it is and
how it is to be estimated.
Another aspect of Christian Science, sometimes overlooked in
treatises on the subject, receives a proper amount of attention at
the hands of Dr. Snowden, namely, the practice and experience of
the church founded by Mrs. Eddy. The regulations which the
shrewd founder devised for the perpetuation of her hold upon the
organization were so ingenious, so detailed, and so strict that she
evidently expected a smooth and harmonious career for the church.
As a matter of fact, the opposite of harmony has been its experience.
Many are asking whether the cult is gaining or losing in these later
years. The question may not be a very vital one; but Dr. Snowden
endeavors to throw some light upon it.
Both in the selection of materials prepared by his predecessors
in the field and in his own work upon the subject. Dr. Snowden has
shown himself judicious as well as judicial and entirely worthy of
the confidence of the public. He has prepared a book designed to
satisfy a well rounded and natural desire for information and guid-
ance on a subject of practical interest.
In a sense the current year is the semi-centenary of Christian
Science, for whatever uncertainty there may exist as to the exact
date when Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy first "discovered" Christian
Science, or as others would have it, decided to utilize her knowledge
of P. P. Quimby's system of metaphysical healing, there is no
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
question whatever about the time when she first advertised herself
as the teacher of the new method in Lynn, Mass. This was in the
year 1870. The question of its standing is, therefore, of importance
to a wider circle of thoughtful people than those who have sur-
rendered themselves to its alluring promises. Thus, even though
Dr. Snowden has not undertaken to write this book as a tribute to
the achievements of either the founder or the cult, there is an ele-
ment of timeliness in it, and a justification in his adding one more
to the many critical and popular expositions of its history and mean-
ing.
Not only those who know nothing of the real nature of Christian
Science, but also those who are thoroughly familiar with it, will
wish to possess themselves of the volume, because after it has been
read through it can be used as a reference book on a subject which
evokes daily discussion and must never be spoken of without minute
and accurate information. That information is condensed by Dr.
Snowden into small and easily accessible form in this volume.
REV. ANDREW C. ZENOS, D.D.
McCormick Theological Seminary,
Chicago, 111.
A National System of Education. By Walter Scott Athearn. New
York: George H. Doran Company. 1920. $1.50.
Multimi in parvo : five compact, comprehensive lectures, with
fourteen full-page graphic diagrams which visualize the correlation
of schools, both public and religious, and methods of their admini-
stration, with also a six page classified bibliography especially rich
in recent periodical literature.
The author is discussing his favorite topic, on which we have
heard him before. And he is entitled to speak on this subject, be-
cause he has studied it, thought it, taught it, talked it, experimented
on it, and successfully worked it. I should add that he has prayed
over it, and has seen visions and dreamed dreams about it. That
is inferential knowledge on the part of the reviewer, but he is sure
it is not contrary to fact.
This is a timely discussion. The Great War has been a great
revealer. It has exposed to our humiliation certain weaknesses in
our boasted educational system. It has demonstrated to the satis-
facion of even the indifferent the need and increasing importance of
that type of education which holds the will in leash to higher re-
ligious motives and ideals. Religious education, that is truly re-
ligious and at the same time real education, is the present outstand-
ing need of church and country, the one sure foundation on which
pure religion and true democracy can be built and be expected per-
manently to endure.
The book is stimulating. It arouses serious, thoughtful con-
sideration of certain tendencies in our recent educational history
that have within them potential, if not immediately threatening;
dangers. It stirs up, too, hopeful anticipations of possibilities that
are worth while for the individual and for the social welfare, —
possibilities bound up in the system of education here outlined.
And it is practical. Indeed the author sets forth with some
detail the community religious educational program undertaken at
48
Literature
Maiden, Mass., in which the author has had no small part, together
with something of the actual achievements of this experiment — if we
may so speak of it — in religious education, and the general influence
of the effort upon the community life. The author is no impractical
dreamer. Nor is he a radical or iconoclastic reformer. He sees
things as they are, and he modestly but very definitely makes his
suggestions, concretely, not theoretically, as to how they may be-
come what they ought to be.
Don't read this book unless you are ready to read more, and
to do more. For it is a trumpet call to a great work, a challenge
to meet the educational reconstruction that is inevitable and now
in progress, with a definite and practical program in religious edu-
cation that is sound and sane enough and big enough to enlist the
support of all Christian churches and people and merit recognition
and co-operation from all educators and our whole public educational
system.
ROBERT SCOTT CALDER, '97.
Lindenwood College.
The Christian Home. By William W. Faris, D.D. Philadelphia:
Presbyterian Board of Publication, pp. 141. 1920. 75c net.
This is an admirable little book and worthy of a place in every
household. While it contains many suggestions of much value to
the pastor who desires to preach one or more sermons on this most
important subject, it may be of special help to parents who are
much perplexed in the training of their children.
It is not particularly brilliant or original, but it is thoughtful,
sane, and comprehensive. There are twelve chapters, covering much
ground, including the child's health, habits, studies, plays, reading,
companions, service for others, religious and church life.
In these days when there are so many assaults upon the home,
so little devotion to family life, and so much parental indifference,
the pastors to whom this may come will do well to read and digest
the book for themselves and then encourage as many parents as
possible to make use of it.
DAVID R. BREED.
49
Alumniana
CALLS
Rev. D. S. Graham ('01), in service in France, to Fairmount and
Pleasant Hill, Pa.
Rev. H. W. Hanna ('02), Claysville, Pa., to Chester, W. Va.
Rev. E. R. Tait ('02), Herron Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., to First
Church, Wilson, Pa.
Rev. W. R. Craig ('06), Butler, Pa., to First Church, Kingston, Pa.
Rev. C. E. Houk ('07), Freeport, Pa., to Claysville, Pa.
Rev. R. M. Kiskaddon ('13), Amity, Pa., to Imperial, Pa.
Rev. J. O. Miller ('16), Buckhannon, W. Va., to Monaca, Pa.
Rv. A. R. Hickman ('17), Midland, S. Dak., to Groton, S. Dak.
Rev. Roy F. Miller, ('20), to Cochranton, Pa.
Rev. P. S. Sprague ('20), to Albion, Pa.
INSTALLATIONS
Rev. J. B. Donaldson, D.D. ('77-p.), St. James Church, Oakland,
Cal., May 9th.
Rev. J. J. Srodes, D.D. ('90), Woodsfield and Buchanan, Ohio.
Rev. L. R. Wylie ('92), Dunbar, Pa., May 6th.
Rev. E. K. Mechlin ('93), pastor. New Salem, and stated supply,
Glasgow, Presbytery of Beaver, June 24th.
Rev. W. E. Howard, D.D. ('94-p.), Hoboken, Pa.
Rev. R. B. Wilson ('0 4-p.), Loudonville, Ohio, June 2 5th.
Rev. C. I. Steffey ('15), Conneautville, Pa., April 2 8th.
ACCESSIONS
Rev. C. S. McClelland, D.D. ('80), Mt. Washington, Pgh., Pa... 6
Rev. S. A. Kirkbride, D.D. ('92), Neshannock, New Wilming-
ton, Pa 20
Rev. R. F. Getty ('94), Murrysville, Pa 8
Rev. P. J. Slonaker ('95), Central Church, Pittsburgh, Pa 5
Rev. W. F. McKee, D.D. ('96), Monongahela, Pa 10
Rev. J. H. Lawther ('01), Bellaire, Ohio 10
Rev. M. C. Reiter ('03), Bethel Church, Presbytery of Pgh 20
Rev. H* M. Campbell ('04-p.), Dormont, Pa 33
Rev. R. B. Wilson ('04-p.), Loudonville, Ohio 7
Rev. George Taylor, Jr., Ph.D. ('10), First Church, Wilkins-
burg, Pa 29
Rev. W. B. Love ('11), Sidney, Ohio 32
Rev. G. L. Glunt ('10), Rochester, Pa 7
Rev. M. A. Matheson, Ph.D. ('11), Prospect Church, Ashtabula,
Ohio 29
Rev. M. H. Sewell ('12-p.), New Philadelphia, Ohio 6
Rev. Maxwell Cornelius ('14), New Bethlehem, Pa., in first 11
months of pastorate 48
Rev. G. C. Fohner ('14-p.), Sharpsville, Pa 16
Rev. A. F. Heltman ('15-p-g.), Broad Ave. Church, Altoona, Pa. 11
Rev. Harrison Davidson ('18), Two Ridges, Ohio (8); Cross
Creek (2) 10
50
r
Alumniana
Rev. Duncan Mackenzie ('18), Elders Ridge, Pa. (9); West
Lebanon ( 1 ) ; Iselin (6) 16
Rev. D. E. Daniel ('19), Plumville, Pa. (3); Sagamore (21)... 24
MARRIAGES
Rev. William E. Lewis ('07), Miss Mary Louise Dodson, Wilkes-
Barre, Pa., April 21, 1920.
Rev. Donald A. Irwin ('19), Miss Mary E. Totten, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
June 4, 1920.
Rev. Owen W. Pratt ('19), Miss Mildred Ragsdale, Heltonville, Ind.,
May 15, 1920.
Rev. Roy P. Miller ('20), Miss Florence Lantz, Jacksonburg, W. Va.,
September 7, 1920. ^
GENERAL ITEMS
On Sept. 27, Rev. Wm. F. Brown ('68), of Canonsburg, Pa.,
read a paper before the Presbyterian Ministers' Meeting of Pitts-
burgh, taking for his subject, "The Old Log College; The Importance
of Religion as an Educational Factor."
The Arlington Avenue Presbyterian Church, of Brooklyn, N. Y.,
Rev. John H. Kerr, D.D. ('81) pastor, recently observed its thirtieth
anniversary, and an offering of $2,801.76 was received for the Sun-
day School building fund. This fund now amounts to $16,262.30.
During the summer Rev. W. O. Thompson, D.D. ('82), spent
some time in Pennsylvania as a member of the Arbitration Com-
mission in the anthracite coal strike.
Rev. C. P. Cheeseman, D.D. ('84-p.), pastor of the Highland
Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, has had dedicated in his honor a
set of chimes consisting of eleven bells. The chimes, which are a
mark of appreciation for Dr. Cheeseman's 28 years of service in the
Highland Church, are the gift of Col. and Mrs. Cameron C. Smith.
Rev. J. L. Ewing ('93), has resigned the pastorate of the Jersey
Shore, Pa., Presbyterian Church.
The First Presbyterian Church of Newark, Ohio, Rev. Calvin
a. Hazlett, D.D. ('93), pastor, has made remarkable progress during
the past year. The entire mortgage on the new building has been
paid off, and in addition $4,000 was contributed to benevolent
boards, the entire total of contributions during the year being
$20,000. The spiritual condition of the church also has shown fine
progress. There were 59 additions to the membership and 34
baptisms. The membership of the church is now in excess of 750.
Rev. H. B. Hummel ('93), is the New Era Pastor-at-Large for
the Presbytery of Boulder. Among other interesting items in his
report, we note that the churches in this Presbytery last year under
the New Era plan contributed $27,410 for benevolences — just $11
short of their quota — which was a gain of $16,713 over the previous
year.
The Presbyterian Church of Derry, Pa., has recently added
$600 to the salary of the pastor. Rev. E. A. Culley ('94).
Rev. R. F. Getty ('94), Murrysville, Pa., has lately been voted
an increase of $500 to his salary.
Rev. Wm. F. McKee, D.D. ('96), of Monongahela City, Pa., has
just finished his fourteenth year in the pastorate of the First Church.
51
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
In that time there has been a net gain of 250 members, and bene-
volences have increased from $850 to $6,650.
At the last meeting of the Board of Directors of the Allegheny
County Sabbath School Association Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D.D. {'97),
was elected a member of the Board and of the Committee on Educa-
tion.
Rev. H. C. Prugh ('98), East Brady, Pa., has been granted an
increase in salary of $300 per year.
The First Presbyterian Church, of Ligonier, Pa., is unusually
active in every department of work. Fifty-one members were re-
ceived during the year 1919-20. $2,600 was paid through the New
Era treasurer of Presbytery for benevolences, other disbursements
for benevolence amounted to $1,000, and the salary of the pastor.
Rev. William F. Fleming ('03), was increased $200.
A year ago Rev. T. J. Gaehr, Ph.D. ('04), pastor of the First
Presbyterian Church of Yellow Springs, Ohio, was drafted into serv-
ice by Antioch College, located in Yellow Springs, and taught
Sociology last year. This year the Bible and two classes in History
were added to his schedule, which, with his church work, no doubt
keeps hirh busy.
A Community Teacher Training Class with twenty-five members
has been organized by Rev. A. C. Powell ('04), pastor of the Pres-
byterian Church of French Creek, W. Va.
The Presbyterian Congregation of Dormont, Pa., Rev. H. M.
Campbell ('04-p.), pastor, are having plans for a new building pre-
pared. $43,000 has already been subscribed. During the first
seven months of the year this church received 110 new members.
Pleasant Valley Church, New Waterford, Ohio, on Aug. 21st,
celebrated the 100th anniversary of its organization. Rev. W. C.
Ferver ('07), is pastor of this historic church.
Rev. William H. Hoover ('09), pastor of the Presbyterian
Church of Pine Lawn, Mo., publishes an interesting Church monthly
under the title "Nelson Review."
Bethesda Presbyterian Church, Millport, Ohio, of which Rev.
E. J. Travers ('12), is pastor, celebrated its centennial with appro-
priate services September 24-26.
Rev. George W. Guthrie ('14), has resigned the pastorate of
Fleming Memorial Church, Fairmont, W. Va.
Rev. G. C. Fohner ('14-p.), of Sharpsville, Pa., has recently had
his salary increased by the addition of three hundred dollars and a
manse. During the first eight months of Mr. Fohner's pastorate,
he received a total of forty-eight new members.
Rev. Alexander Gibson ('17), pastor of the Manchester Pres-
byterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa., during the past year had an
enviable record of additions on confession of faith. The total was
107, and in addition there were 24 added by certificate.
The Presbyterian Church of St. Clairsville, Ohio, has recently
added $1000 per year to the salary of their pastor. Rev. LeRoy
Lawther ('17), thus making the total increase in the last ten
months $1500.
Rev. James Mayne, who won the Seminary fellowship in 1918,
is studying this year in the University of Edinburgh. His address
is 2 Brougham St., Edinburgh, Scotland. Since his graduation
52
Alumniana
Mr. Mayne has been pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Mt.
Pleasant, Pa.
Rev. W. W. McKinney ('19), pastor of the Presbyterian Church
of Elizabeth, Pa., preached on "The Religion of Organized Labor"
the first Sunday of September. The sermon was published in full
in the local paper.
Degrees have been conferred on the following Seminary alumni
by Washington and Jefferson College: Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, DD
('97), LL.D.; Rev. E. L. Mcllvaine ('98), D.D.; Rev. G M Ryali
('98), D.D.
FOREIGN MISSIONARIES
We regret to announce that the Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D.D., LL.D.
('79), the distinguished missionary, has suffered from a slight
stroke. According to the latest news he has recovered and is taking
an active part in the work of the North India Mission.
In February the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church
in Brazil confirmed the election of Rev. Thomas Porter, Ph.D., S.T.D.
('84), as President of the Assembly's Theological Seminary. After
ten years in the Chair of Church History, the directors in 1918 made
him Professor of Theology.
Rev. W. M. Hayes, D.D. ('92), after a short furlough, sailed
from Vancouver, August 26, on S. S. Empress of Asia, for Shanghai.
His address is Weihsien, Shantung, China.
The Rev. W. C. Johnston ('95), of West Africa, has been choseu
by the Young Peoples' Branch of the Presbytery of Pittsburgh as
their missionary representative.
One of the most interesting missionary bulletins that comes to
the editor's desk is "The Kyoto Bulletin," published by Dr. and Mrs.
Harvey Brokaw. Dr. Brokaw was a member of the class of 1896.
In the last number an allusion was made to "The World's Sunday
School Convention" and the fact is related that the Presbyterian
delegates, with few exceptions, did not use the opportunity to see
the work of their Church in Japan.
Rev. Robert P. Fitch, D.D. ('98), who delivered the last course
of Severance Missionary Lectures in the Seminary, has arrived safely
at Hangchow, China, and resumed his work as General Secretary of
the Union Evangelistic Committee of that city. "The Chinese
Recorder" of August, 1920, published an interesting article on "New
Methods and Possibilities in City Evangelism" by Dr. Fitch.
President J. S. Kunkle ('05), of Union Theological College,
Canton, China, reports the dedication of a new dormitory added to
the buildings of this successful institution.
Following is an extract of a recent letter from Rev. Jacob A.
Reis, Jr. ('12), located at Batanga, Cameroun, West Africa:
"Cameroun has become quite a different place since the war. We
have changed of course from the German to the French Government,
and this has changed all our school work to French as well. We,
my family and I, are now located down here at Batanga, our coast
station. I wonder if it gets as hot anywhere else in the world as
down here. The work is very encouraging. There are five com-
munion points and about 3 5 evangelistic outposts to look after, and
this afternoon there are a dozen village school teachers sitting
around me while I write, waiting for their assignments. Being
53
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
short of help at present, this all falls to the lone missionary of the
station. Last week I returned from a trip around my field before
schools begin which kept me away from home four weeks, most of
the time sleeping in native huts on a camp-bed. I have just re-
turned this morning from a trip down the coast of 42 miles to our
southern outpost, down Saturday and two days back."
Three members of the Class of 1919 sailed for the foreign
mission field this fall: Mr. Donald A. Irwin and Mr. J. Edward
Kidder, on the S. S. Nankin, for China; and Mr. John E. Wallace for
India.
The following missionary alumni are home on furlough:
Rev. W. O. Blterich ('88), of Chefoo, China. His teniporary
address is 919 Union Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh.
Rev. W. H. Hezlep ('11), Jhansi, India, temporarily located at
159 La Crosse St., Edgewood, Pa.
Rev. Paul A. Eakin ('13), Petchaburee, Siam, may be addressed
Grove City, Pa. He expects to return to Siam about December 1st.
Rev. E. C. Howe ('14), Canton, China, at present may be ad-
dressed at Grove City, Pa.
54
L
*«p' h
<9
Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
short of help at present, this all falls to the lone missionary of the
station. Last week I returned from a trip around my field before
schools begin which kept me away from home four weeks, most of
the time sleeping in native huts on a camp-bed. I have just re-
turned this morning from a trip down the coast of 42 miles to our
southern outpost, down Saturday and two days back."
Three members of the Class of 1919 sailed for the foreign
mission field this fall: Mr. Donald A. Irwin and Mr. J. Edward
Kidder, on the S. S. Nankin, for China; and Mr. John E. Wallace for
India.
The following missionary alumni are home on furlough:
Rev. W. O. Elterich ('88), of Chefoo, China. His teniporary
address is 919 Union Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh.
Rev. W. H. Hezlep ('11), Jhansi, India, temporarily located at
159 La Crosse St., Edgewood, Pa.
Rev. Paul A. Eakin ('13), Petchaburee, Siam, may be addressed
Grove City, Pa. He expects to return to Siam about December 1st.
Rev. E. C. Howe ('14), Canton, China, at present may be ad-
dressed at Grove City, Pa.
54
NORTH
AVE.
BEECH
-AVESTERN
LYNDALE
^JA
WEST PARK
SHOWING THE LOCATION OF
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL
SEMINARY
N.S. PITTSBURGH, PENN'A
A — HERRON HALL C— DR. SNOWDP]N'S RESIDENCE. E— OLD LIBRARY.
R— DR. KELSO'S RESIDENCE. D— DR. SCHAFF'S RESIDENCE G — SWIFT HALL
F — MEMORIAL HALL.
v^
CATALOGUE
1920 - 1921
THE BULLETIN
OF THE
Western Theological
Seminary
Published quarterly, in January, April, July, and October
by the
TRUSTEES OF THE
Western Theological Seminary
OF THE
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
Entered as Second Class Matter December 9. 1909, at the Postoffice at Pittsburgh,
Pa. (North Diamond Station), Under the Act of Aug. 24, 1912
PITTSBURGH PRINTING COMPANY
PITTSBURGH. PA.
CALENDAR FOR 1921
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24th.
Day of Prayer for Colleges.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27th.
Written examinations at 8:30 A. M.; continued Thursday, April
28th, Friday, April, 29th, and Saturday, April 30th.
SUNDAY, MAY 1st.
Baccalaureate sermon in the Sixth Presbyterian Church, at
11:00 A. M.
Seniors' communion service at 3:00 P. M. in the Chapel.
MONDAY, MAY 2nd.
Oral examinations at 2:00 P. M.; continued Tuesday, Maj' 3rd.
and Wednesday, May 4th.
THURSDAY, MAY 5th.
Annual meeting of the Board of Directors in the President's
Office at 10:00 A. M.
THURSDAY, MAY 5th.
Commencement exercises. Conferring of diplomas and address
to the graduating class, 3:00 P. M.
Meeting of Alumni Association and annual dinner, 5:00 P. M.
FRIDAY, MAY 6th.
Annual meeting of Board of Trustees at 3:00 P. M. •
Session of 1921-22 —
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 20th.
Reception of new students in the President's Office at 3:00
P. M.
Matriculation of students and distribution of rooms in the
President's Office at 4:00 P. M.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21st.
Opening address in the Chapel at 10:30 A. M.
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 15th.
Semi-annual meeting of the Board of Directors at 2:00 P. M.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16th.
Semi-annual meeting of the Board of Trustees at 3:00 P. M..
in the parlor of the First Presbyterian Church. Pittsburgh.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 23rd. (Noon) — FRIDAY, NOVEMBER'
25th. (8:30 A. M.)
Thanksgiving recess.
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 17th. (Noon) — TUESDAY, JANUARY
3rd. (8:30 A. M.)
Christmas recess.
3 (57)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
OFFICERS
President
GEORGE B. LOGAN
Y'ice-Presideiit
JOHN R. GREGG
Secretary
THE REV. SAMUEL J. FISHER, D. D.
Counsel
T. D. McCLOSKBY
Treasui-er
COMMONWEALTH TRUST COMPANY
TRUSTEES
Class of 1921
Geo. D. Edwards R. D. Campbell
John G. Lyon *D. McK. Lloyd
The Rev. S. J. Fisher, D. D. Alex. C. Robinson
The Rev. Frank W. Sneed, D. D.
Class of 1923
Joseph A. Herron Oliver McClintock
Ralph W. Harbison Wilson A. Shaw
Geo. B. Logan William M. Robinson
The Rev. William J. Holland, D. D., LL. -D.
Class of 1923
Hon. J. McF. Carpenter Charles A. Dickson
The Rev. W. A. Jones, D. D. John R. Gregg
Daniel M. Clemson Sylvester S. Marvin
Robert Wardrop
*Died, Dec. 11, 1919.
4 (58)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
STANDING CO^LVirrTEES
Geo. B. Logan
*David McK. Lloyd
Executive
F. W. Sneed, D. D.
Oliver McClintock
George D. Edwards
S. J. Fisher, D. D.
A. C. Robinson
Auditors
R. W. Harbison
Geo. D. Edwards
John R. Gregi
Pi'operty
Geo. B. Logan
Alex. C. Robinson
R. W. Harbison
Finance
President, Treasurer, Secretary, and Auditors
Library
A. C. Robinson F. W. Sneed, D. D. J. A. Kelso, Ph. D., D. D
Advisory Member of all Committees
James A. Kelso, Ph. D., D. D., ex officio
Annual Meeting, Friday before second Tuesday in May, 3:00 P. M.;
semi-annual meeting, Wednesday following third Tuesday in
November, 3:00 P. M., in the parlor of the First Presbyterian
Church, Sixth Avenue.
•Deceased.
5 (59)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
OPPICERS _
President
THE REV. CALVIN C. HAYS, D. D.
Vice-Pi'esident
THE REV. J. KINSEY SMITH, D. D.
Secretary
THE REV. JOSEPH M. DUFF, D. D.
DIRECTORS
Class of 1921
Examining Committee
The Rev. Thomas B. Anderson, D. D. W. D. Brandon
The Rev. Jesse C. Bruce, D. D. Dr. John C. Acheson
The Rev. Joseph M. Duff, D. D. John F. Miller
The Rev. John A. Marquis, D. D.
The Rev. J. M. Potter, D. D.
The Rev. William P. Shrom, D. D.
The Rev. William H. Spence, D. D., Litt. D.
Class of 1922
The Rev. Maitland Alexander, D. D. T. D. McCloskey
The Rev. Wm. O.Campbell, D. D. J. S. Crutchfield
The Rev. Geo. N. Luccock, D. D. James Rae
The Rev. Joseph T. Gibson, D. D.
The Rev. J. Millen Tlobinson, D. D., LL. D.
The Rev. John M. Mealy, D. D.
The Rev. Samuel Semple, D. D.
(60)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Class of 1923
The Rev. Calvin C. Hays, D. D. Ralph W. Harbison
The Rev. Wm. H. Hudnut, D. D. James I. Kay
The Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D. D. Wilson A. Shaw
The Rev. George Taylor, Jr.. Ph. D.
The Rev. William E. Slemmons, D. D.
The Rev. J. Kinsey Smith, D. D.
The Rev. William F. Weir, D. D.
Class of 1924
The Rev. William R. Craig, D. D. Charles N. Hanna
The Rev. David S. Kennedy, D. D. George B. Logan
The Rev. Frederick W. Hinitt, D. D. Alex. C. Robinson
The Rev. S. B. McCormick, D. D., LL. D.
The Rev. William L. McEwan, D. D.
The Rev W. P. Stevenson, D. D.
The Rev. A. P. Higley, D. D.
STANDING COMMITTEES
Executive
Hugh T. Kerr, D. D. Joseph M. Duff, D. D.
S. B. McCormick, D. D. A. C. Robinson
T. D. McCloskey
James A. Kelso, Ph. D., D. D., ex officio
CuiTiciilum
A. P. Higley, D. D. William F. Weir, D. D.
Samuel Semple, D. D. J. S. Crutchfield
Pre-Coniniencenieiit Conference
J. Kinsey Smith, D. D. J. M. Potter, D. D. W. A. Shaw
Annual Meeting, Thursday before second Tuesday in May and semi-
annual meeting, third Tuesday in November at 2:00 P. M., in
the President's Office, Herron Hall.
(61)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
FACULTY
The Rev. James A. Kelso, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President and Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature
The Nathaniel W. Conkling Foundation
The Rev. Robert Christie, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Apologetics
The Rev. David Riddle Breed, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Homiletics
The Rev. David S. Schaff, D. D.
Professor of Ecclesiastical History and History of Doctrine
The Rev. William R. Farmer, D. D.
Reunion Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution
The Rev. James H. Snowden, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Systematic Theology
Memorial Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. David E. Culley, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor of Hebrew
The Rev. Samuel Angus, Ph. D.
Acting Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. Frank Eakin, B. D.
Instructor in New Testament Greek and Librarian
Prof. George M. Sleeth
Instructor in Elocution
Mr. Charles N. Boyd
Instructor in Music
8 (62)
TJie Bulletin of flip Wesffrn Theolocfical Seyninary
COMMITTEES OF THE FACULTY
Conference
Dr. Breed and Dr. Christie
Elliott L/ectureship
Dr. Schaff and Dr. Farmer
Bulletin
Dr. Snowden and Dr. Culley
Curriculum
Dr. Farmer and Dr. Snowden
Library
Dr. Culley and Dr. Schaff
Foreign Students
Dr. Culley and Dr. Breed
Assistant to Librarian
Miss Sara M. Higgins
Secretary to the President
Miss Margaret M. Read
9 (63)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
LECTURES
On the Elliott Foundation.
The Rev. Samuel Angus, Ph. D.
"The Mystery Religions and Christianity."
1. "Orientation — The Historical Crises in the Grseco-
Roman World Bearing upon the Mystery Religious
and Christianity."
2. "The General Character of a Mystery Religion."
3. "The Three Stages of a Mystery Religion."
4. "Circumstances Favoring the Spread of the Mysteries."
5. "The Appeal of the Mystery Religions."
6. "Christianity and the Mystery Religions in Contrast.
The Failure of the Mystery Religions."
7. "The Triumph of Christianity."
Jjeetures on the New Era Movement (5 lectnres).
The Rev. William S. Holt, D. D., LL. D.
Conference Lectures.
"Walt Whitman", The Rev. Joseph H. Bausman, D. D.
"The Situation in Siam", The Rev. Paul A. Eakin.
"New Home Missions Program" . )
"Home Missions" | ^^^ ^^^'- ^- ^""^^ Eastman
"Boy Scout Movement", Mr. George W. Ehler.
"Missions in China", The Rev. W. O. Elterich, D. D.
"Pastoral Evangelism", The Rev. Charles LeRoy Goodell, D. D.
"Missions in India", The Rev. C. A. R. Janvier, D. D.
"Evangelistic Work in Japan", The Rev. Paul M. Kanamori.
"Home Missions", The Rev. David McMartin.
"Foreigners in America from a Traveler's Viewpoint", The Rev.
John Nelson Mills, D. D.
"New Mexico as a Home Mission Field", The Rev. J. Logan
Marquis, D. D.
"The College Man and Industrial Problems", Mr. Fred H.
Rindge, Jr.
"The Pilgrims: Their First Experiences and Experiments in
Plymouth", Dean Talcott Williams, LL. D., Litt. D.
Day of Prayer for Colleges.
The Rev. M. M. McDivitt, D. D.
10 (64)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
AWARDS: MAY. 1920
The Diploma of the Semhiary
was awarded to
Samuel Neale Alter Roy Frank Miller
George Bardarik Paul Steacey Sprague
Joseph Albert Martin John Toniasula
Gill Robb Wilson
The Degree of Bachelor of Divinity
was conferred upon
George Bardarik Donald Archibald Irwin
The Seminary Fellowship
was awarded to
Roy Frank Miller
The Honniletical Prize
was awarded to
Gill Robb Wilson
The Hebrew Prize
was awarded to
Walter H. Millinger
Merit Prizes
were awarded to
George K. Bamford Walter H. Millinger
Walter L. Moser Paul L. Warnshuis
John C. Rupp J. Wallace Willoughby
11 (65)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
STUDENTS
Fellows
John Greer Bingham Mercer, Pa.
A. B., Grove City College, 190 5.
Western Theological Seminary, 1916.
Ralph C. Hofmeister Volant, Pa.
A. B., Cedarville College, 1914.
Western Theological Seminary, 1918.
James Mayne, Mt. Pleasant, Pa Edinburgh, Scotland
University of Pittsburgh
B. D., Western Theological Seminary, 1918
Roy Frank Miller Cochranton, Pa.
B. Sc, West Virginia University, 1915
Western Theological Seminary, 1920
Clyde Randolph Wheeland Chicago, 111.
B. D., Western Theological Seminary, 1917
Fellows 5
Graduate Students
Rev. Alfred D'Aliberti Steubenville, Ohio
Bloomfield Theological Seminary, 1919
Rev. Wm. O. Elterich, D. D., Chefoo, China . . 919 Union Ave., N. S.
A. M., Washington and Jefferson College, 1888
Western Theological Seminary, 1888
Rev. Arthur Henry George, Camden, S. C 315
A. B., Biddle University, 1917
S. T. B., Biddle Theological Seminary, 1920
Rev. James Adolph Hamilton, Jerusalem, Palestine 305
A. B., James Millikin University, 1920
McCormick Theological Seminary, 1917
Rev. Hampton Theodore McFadden, Sumter, S. C 315
A. B., Biddle University, 1917
S. T. B., Biddle Theological Seminary, 1920
Rev. Eric Johan Nordlander, Worcester, Mass 305
A. B., University of Pittsburgh, 1910
B. D., Divinity Scliool of University of Chicago, 1910
12 (66)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Rev. Leonard J. Ramsey, Inman, S. C 527 Lovelace St., W. E.
A. B., Carson-Newman College, 1916
B. D., Colgate University, 1919
Rev. David Lester Say Cross Creek, Pa.
A. B., Grove City College, 1914
Western Theological Seminary, 1917
Rev. Theodore Rudolph Schmale 506 Lockhart St., N. S.
Eden Theological Seminary, 1906
Western Theological Seminary, 1910
Rev. Paul Steacey Sprague, Sewickley, Pa 217
A. B., Wabash College, 1917
Western Theological Seminary, 1920
Rev. Grover Elmer Swoyer 1122 High St., N. S.
A. B., Wittenberg College, 1913
Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary, 1917
Rev. John Tomasula, Lucky, Czecho-Slovakia 316
Bloomfield Theological Seminary
Western Theological Seminary, 1920
Graduate Students, 12
Senior Class
George Kyle Bamford, Belfast, Ireland Pittsburgh
Grove City College
Leon Buczak, Czahary, Galicia, Austria 303
Bloomfield Theological Seminary
Robert Harvey Henry, Saltsburg, Pa 202
A. B., Defiance College, 1917
Andrew Jay Hudock, Kingston, Pa 218
Bloomfield Theological Seminary
Charles Jesse Krivulka, Belfast, N. Y Box 117, Pittock, Pa.
Bloomfield Theological Seminary
Frederick Christian Leypoldt, Philadelphia, Pa 204
Bloomfield Theological Seminary
Walter Lysander Moser, Butler, Pa 302
A. B., Grove City College, 1915
John Christian Rupp Wall, Pa.
A. B., Lebanon Valley College, 1906
13 (67)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Abraham Boyd Weisz 2 6 Elm Lane, Etna, Pa.
A. B., Grove City College, 1917
Joseph J. Welenteichick, Tighny, Russia 317
Bloomfield Theological Seminary
Senior Class 10
Middle Class
Clifford Edward Barbour .... 718 N. St. Clair St., Pittsburgh, Pa.
A. B., University of Pittsburgh, 1921
Archibald Ferguson Fulton Belle Vernon, Pa.
A. B., Oskaloosa College, 1920
Lewis A. Galbraith, Independence, Pa 302
Park College
Elgie Leon Gibson, Petrolia, Pa 306
A. B., Grove City College, 1919
Daniel Hamill Glenfield, Pa.
A. B., Waynesburg College, 1919
Ralph K. Merker 1500 Beaver Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
B. Sc, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1918
Walter Harold Millinger 5213 Friendship Ave.
Litt. B., Princeton University, 1918
Basil A. Murray, North Warren, Pa 318
A. B., Westminister College (Pa.), 1917
Samuel Galbraith Neal, Bulger, Pa 205
Washington and Jefferson College
Roscoe Walter Porter, Summerville, Pa 309
A. B., Muskingum College, 1920
Emile Augustin Rivard, Charleroi, Pa 304
McGill University
Amherst College
Paul Livingstone Warnshuis, Blairsville, Pa 203
A. B., Washington & Jefferson College, 1917
James Wallace Willoughby, 212 Fifth St., Aurora, Ind 306
A. B., Wabash College, 1919
Middle Class 13
14 (68)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Junior Class
Arthur Dow Behrends. Pittsburgh, Pa 216
A. B., Wittenberg College, 1912
Jasper Morgan Cox, Parkersburg, W. Va 205
Maryville College
Calvin Hoffman Hazlett, Newark, Ohio 203
A. B., Washington and Jefferson College, 1917
John Maurice Leister Trafford, Pa.
A. B., Lebanon Valley College, 1915
John Lloyd 84 8 N. Lincoln Ave., N. S.
A. B., Carroll College, 1920
L. Lane McCammon, West Alexander, Pa 204
A. B., Bethany College, 1920
James Martin, Mansfield, Ohio 206
A. B., Maryville College, 1920
Willard Colby Mellin, Manorville, Pa 318
A. B., University of California, 1920
William Owen 8 41 N. Lincoln Ave., N. S.
Metropolitan Seminary, London, 1912
Robert Lloyd Roberts, Marion Center, Pa 206
A. B., Lafayette College, 1920
Harry Lawrence Wissinger Murrysville, Pa.
A. B., Allegheny College, 1912
Junior Class 11
Siinunary of Students
Fellows 5
Graduates 12
Seniors 10
Middlers 13
Juniors 11
Total 51
15 (69)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
REPRESENTATION
Seminaries
Biddle Theological Seminary 2
Bloomfield Theological Seminary 7
Chicago Lutheran Seminary 1
Divinity School of Chicago University 1
Eden Theological Seminary 1
McCormick Theological Seminarj^ 1
Metropolitan Seminary, London 1
Western Theological Seminary 10
Colleges and Universities
Allegheny College 1
Amherst College 1
Bethany College 1
Biddle University 2
California University of 1
Carnegie Institute of Technology 1
Carroll College 1
Carson-Newman College 1
Cedarville College 1
Colgate University 1
Defiance College 1
Grove City College 6
James Millikin University 1
Lafayette College 1
Lebanon Valley College 2
McGill University 1
Maryville College 2
Muskingum College 1
Oskaloosa College 1
Park College 1
Pittsburgh, University of 3
Princeton University 1
Wabash College 2
Washington and Jefferson College 4
Waynesburg College 1
Westminister College (Pa.) 1
West Virginia University 1
Wittenberg College 2
States and Countries
Austria . . 1
China 1
Czecho-Slovakia 1
Illinois 1
Indiana 1
Ireland , 1
Massachusetts 1
New York 1
Ohio 3
Palestine 1
Pennsylvania 34
Russia 1
South Carolina 3
West Virginia 1
16 (70)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS
Senior Class
President: R. H. Henry Secretary: W. L. Moser
Vice President: A. B. Weisz Treasurer: Leon Buczak
jVIiddle Class
President: S. G. Neal Vice President: W. H. Millinger
Treasurer: L. A. Galbraith
Junior Class
President: C. H. Hazlett Secretary-Treasurer: A. D. Behrends
Y. M. C. A.
President: W. L. Moser Secretary: L. A. Galbraith
Vice President: R. H. Henry Treasurer: J. W. Willoughby
Y. M. C. A. COMMITTEES
Devotional
S. G. Neal, Chairman A. F. Fulton
James Martin C. E. Barbour
J. M. Cox Mr. Eakin
Home Missions
J. J. Welenteichick, Chairman
B. A. Murray
Foreign Missions
F. C. Leypoldt, Chairman
R. W. Porter
Athletics
J. W. Willoughby, Chairman
L. L. McCammon
J. C. Rupp
Dr. Snowden
A. D. Behrends
Dr. Culley
Dr. Schaff
W. L. Moser, Chairman
Publicity
Dr. Kelso
Social
R. H. Henry, Chairman
R. W. Porter
E. L. Gibson
E. A. Rivard
W. C. Mellin
Dr. Breed
17 (71)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Historical Sketch
The Western Theological Seminary w^as established
in the year 1825. The reason for the founding of the
Seminary is expressed in the resolution on the subject,
adopted by the General Assembly of 1825, to wit: "It
is expedient forthwith to establish a Theological Semin-
ary in the West, to be styled the Western Theological
Seminary of the Presbyterian Church in the United
States." The Assembly took active measures for carry-
ing into execution the resolution which had been adopted,
by electing a Board of Directors consisting of twenty-
one ministers and nine ruling elders, and by instructing
this Board to report to the next General Assemblj^ a
suitable location and such ' ' alterations ' ' in the plan of
the Princeton Seminary, as, in their judgment, might
be necessary to accommodate it to the local situation of
the "Western Seminary."
The General Assembly of 1827, by a bare majority
of two votes, selected Allegheny as the location for the
new institution. The first session was formally com-
menced on November 16, 1827, with a class of four young
men who were instructed by the Rev. E. P. Swift and the
Rev. Joseph Stockton.
During the ninety-three years of her existence, two
thousand three hundred and seventy students have at-
tended the classes of the Western Theological Seminary ;
and of this number, over eighteen hundred have been
ordained as ministers of the Presbyterian Church, U. S.
A. Her missionary alumni, one hundred thirty-five in
number, many of them having distinguished careers,
have preached the Gospel in every land where mission-
ary enterprise is conducted.
Location
The choice of location, as the history of the institu-
tion has shoAvn, w^as wisel}'- made. The Seminary in
18 (72)
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
course of time ceased, indeed, to be western in the strict
sense of the term; but it became central to one of the
most important and influential sections of the Presby-
terian Church, equally accessible to the West and East.
The buildings are situated near the summit of Ridge
Avenue, Pittsburgh (North Side), mainly on West Park,
one of the most attractive sections of the city. Within
a block of the Seminary property some of the finest resi-
dences of Greater Pittsburgh are to be found, and at the
close of the catalogue prospective students will find a
map showing the beautiful environs of the institution.
It is twenty minutes' walk from the center of business
in Pittsburgh, with a ready access to all portions of the
city, and yet as quiet and free from disturbance as if in
a remote suburb. In the midst of this community of
more than 1,000,000 people and center of strong Presby-
terian churches and church life, the students have unlim-
ited opportunities of gaining familarity with every type
of modern church organization and work. The practical
experience and insight which they are able to acquire,
without detriment to their studies, are a most valuable
element in their preparation for the ministry.
Buildings
The first Seminary building was erected in the year
1831 ; it was situated on what is now known as Monu-
ment Hill. It consisted of a central edifice, sixty feet
in length by fifty in breadth, of four stories, having at
each front a portico adorned with Corinthian columns,
and a cupola in the center; and also two wings of three
stories each, fifty feet by twenty-five. It contained a
chapel of forty-five feet by twenty-five, with a gallery of
like dimensions for the Library ; suites of rooms for pro-
fessors, and accommodations for eighty students. It
was continuously occupied until 1854, when it was com-
pletely destroyed by fire, the exact date being January
23. ' '
19 (73)
TTie Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
The second Seminar}^ building, "asnally designated
"Seminary Hall," was erected in 1855, and formally
dedicated January 10, 1856. This structure was consid-
erably smaller than the original building, but contained
a chapel, class rooms, and suites of rooms for twenty stu-
dents. It was partially destroyed by hre in 1887, and
was immediately revamped. Seminary Hall was torn
down November 1, 1914, to make room for the new
buildings.
The first dormitory was made possible by the gen-
erosity of Mrs. Hetty E. Beatty. It was erected in
the year 1859 and was known as "Beatty Hall." This
structure had become wholly inadequate to the needs of
the institution by 1877, and the Rev. C. C. Beatty fur-
nished the funds for a new dormitory which was known
as "Memorial Hall," as Dr. Beatt}^ wished to make the
edifice commemorate the reunion of the Old and New
.School branches of the Presbyterian Church.
The old Library building was erected in 1872 at an
expenditure of $25,000, but was poorly adapted to library
purposes. It has been replaced by a modern library
equipment in the group of new buildings.
For the past ten years the authorities of the Semi-
nary, as well as the almuni, have felt that the material
equipment of the institution did not meet the require-
ments of our age. In 1909 plans were made for the erec-
tion of a new dormitory on the combined site of Memorial
Hall and the professor's house Avhich stood next to it.
The corner stone of this building was laid May 4, 1911,
and the dedication took place May 9, 1912. The historic
designation, "Memorial Hall," was retained. The total
cost was $146,970; this fund was contributed by many
friends and alumni of the Seminary. Competent judges
consider it one of the handsomest public buildings in the
City of Pittsburgh. It is laid out in the shape of a Y,
which is an unusual design for a college building, but
brings direct sunlight to every room. Another notice-
20 (74)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
able feature of this dormitory is that there is not a single
inside room of any kind. The architecture is of the type
known as Tudor Gothic; the materials are reenforced
concrete and fireproofing with the exterior of tapestry
brick trimmed with gray terra cotta. The center is sur-
mounted with a beautiful tower in the Oxford manner.
It contains suites of rooms for ninety students, together
with a handsomely furnished social hall, a well equipped
gymnasium, and a commodious dining room. A full
description of these public rooms will be found on other
pages of this catalogue.
The erection of two wings of a new group of build-
ings, for convenience termed the administration group,
was commenced in November 1914. The corner stone
was laid on May 6, 1915, and the formal dedication, with
appropriate exercises, took place on Commencement
Day, May 4, 1916. These buildings are removed about
half a block from Memorial Hall, and face the West
Park, occupying an unusually tine site. It has been
planned to erect this group in the form of a quadrangle,
the entire length being 200 feet and depth 175 feet.
The main architectural feature of the front wing is
an entrance tower. While this tower enhances the
beauty of the building, all the space in it has been care-
fully used for offices and class rooms. The rear wing,
in addition to containing two large class rooms which
can be thrown into one, contains the new library. The
stack room has a capaeity for 165,000 volumes. The
stacks now installed will hold about 55,000 volumes. The
reference room and the administrative offices of the li-
brary, mtli seminar rooms, are found on the second floor.
The reference room, 88 by 38 feet, is equipped and dec-
orated in the mediaeval Gothic style, with capacity for
10,000 volmnes. The architecture of the entire group is
the English Collegiate Gothic of the type which prevails
in the college buildings at Cambridge, England. The ma-
terial is tapestry brick, trimmed with gray terra cotta of
21 (75)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the Indiana limestone shade. The total cost of the two
completed wings was $154,777.00, of which $130,000.00
was furnished by over five hundred subscribers in the
campaign of October, 1913. The east wing of this group
will contain rooms for museums, two classrooms, and a
residence for the President of the Seminary. A gener-
ous donor has provided the funds for the erection of the
chapel which will constitute the west wing of the quad-
rangle. The architect is Mr. Thomas Hannah, of Pitts-
burgh.
There are four residences for professors. Two are
situated on the east and two on the west side of the new
building and all face the Park.
Social Hall
The new dormitory contains a large social hall,
which occupies an entire floor in one wing. This room
is very handsomely finished in white quartered oak, with
a large open fireplace at one end. The oak furnishing,
which is upholstered in leather, is very elegant and was
chosen to match the woodwork. The prevailing color in
the decorations is dark green and the rugs are Hartford
Saxony in oriental patterns. The rugs were especially
woven for the room. This handsome room, which is the
center of the social life of the Seminary, was erected and
furnished by Mr. Sylvester S. Marvin, of the Board of
Trustees, and his two sons, Walter R. Marvin and Earl
R. Marvin, as a memorial to Mrs. Matilda Rumsey Mar-
vin. It is the center of the social life of the student
body, and during the past year, under the auspices of the
Student Association, four formal musicals and socials
have been held in this hall. The weekl}^ devotional meet-
ing of the Student Association is also conducted in this
room.
Dining Hall
A commodious and handsomely equipped Dining
Hall was included in the new Memorial Hall. It is lo-
22 (76)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
cated in the top story of the left wing with the kitchen
adjoining in the rear wing. Architecturally this room
may be described as Gothic, and when the artistic scheme
of decoration is completed will be a replica of the Din-
ing Hall of an Oxford college. The actual operation of
the commons began Dec. 1, 1913; the management is in
the hands of a student manager and the Executive Com-
mittee of the Student Association. It is the aim of the
Trustees of the Seminary to furnish good wholesome
food at cost; but incidentally the assembling of the stu-
dent body three times a day has strengthened, to a
marked degree, the social and spiritual life of the insti-
tution.
Admission
The Seminary, while under Presbyterian control, is
open to students of all denominations. As its special
aim is the training of men for the Christian ministry,
applicants for admission are requested to present satis-
factory testimonials that they possess good natural tal-
ents, that they are prudent and discreet in their deport-
ment, and that they are in full communion with some
evangelical church; also that they have the requisite
literary preparation for the studies of the theological
course.
College students intending to enter the Seminary are
strongly recommended to select such courses as will pre-
pare them for the studies of a theological curriculum.
They should pay special attention to Latin, Greek, Ger-
man, English Literature and Ehetoric, Logic, Ethics,
Psychology, the History of Philosophy, and General
History. If possible, students are advised to take ele-
mentary courses in Hebrew and make some study of
New Testament Greek. In the latter subject a mastery
of the New Testament vocabulary and a study of Bur-
ton's "Moods and Tenses of the New Testament Greek"
and Moulton's "Prolegomena" will be found especially
helpful.
23 (77)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
An examination in the elements of Greek grammar
and easy Greek prose is held at the opening of each
Seminary year for all first year students. Those who
pass this examination with Grade A are exempt from the
lingnistic courses in Greek (i. e. Courses 13 and 14).
Those making Grade B or C are required to pursue
Course 14, while a propaedeutic course (No. 13) is pro-
vided for students who do not take this preliminary ex-
amination or who fail to pass it. (See page 44.)
College graduates with degrees other than that of
Bachelor of Arts are required to take an extra elective
study in their senior year. If an applicant for admis-
sion is not a college graduate, he is required either to
pass examination in each of the following subjects, or
to furnish a certificate covering a similar amount of
work which he has actually done :
(1) Latin — Grammar; Translation of passages
tak^n from: Livy, Bk. I.; Horace, Odes, Bk. I; Tacitus,
Annals, I- VI.
(2) Greek — Grammar; Translation of passages
taken from: Xenophon's Memorabilia; Plato's x\pology;
Lysias, Selected Orations; Thucydides, Bk. I.
(3) English — Rhetoric, Genung or A. S. Hill; Pan-
coast, History of English Literature ; two of the dramas
of Shakespeare; Browning's ''A Death in the Desert"
and ''Saul;" Tennyson's "In Memoriam;" Essays of
Emerson and Carlyle ; Burke and Webster, two orations
of each.
(4) General History — A standard text-book, such
as Fisher, Meyer, or Swinton; some work on religious
history, such as Breed's "The Preparation of the "World
for Christ".
(5) Philosophy — Logic, Jevon's or Baker's Argu-
mentation; Psychology, James' Briefer Course; History
24 (78)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
of Philosophy, Weber's, Falkenberg's, or Cushman's
standard works.
(6) Natural Science — Biology, Geology, Physics
or Chemistry.
(7) Social Science — Political Economy and
Sociology.
Students who wish to take these examinations must
make special arrangements with the President.
Students from Other Theological Seminaries
Students coming from other theological seminaries
are required to present certificates of good standing and
regular dismission before they can be received.
Graduate Students
Those who desire to be enrolled for post-graduate
study will be admitted to matriculation on presenting
their diplomas or certificates of graduation from other
theological seminaries.
Resident licentiates and ministers have the privilege
of attending lectures in all departments.
Seminary Year
The Seminary 3^ear, consisting of one term, is di-
vided into two semesters. The first semester closes with
the Christmas holidays and the second commences imme-
diately after the opening of the New Year. The Semi-
nary Year begins with the third Tuesday of September
and closes the Thursday before the second Tuesday in
May. It is expected that every student will be present
at the opening of the session, when the rooms will be al-
lotted. The more important days are indicated in the
calendar (p. 3).
Examinations
Examinations, written or oral, are required in every
department, and are held twice a year, or at the end of
25 (79)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
each semester. The oral examinations, which occupy
the first three days of the last week of the session, are
open to the public. Students who do not pass satisfac-
tory examinations may be re-examined at the beginning
of the next term, but, failing then to give satisfaction,
will be regarded as partial or will be required to enter
the class corresponding to the one to which they belonged
the previous year.
Diplomas
In order to obtain the diploma of this institution, a
student must be a graduate of some college or else sus-
tain a satisfactory examination in the subjects mentioned
on page 23, and he must have completed a course of
three years' study, either in this institution, or partly in
this and partly in some other regular Theological Sem-
inary.
The Seminary diploma will be granted only to those
students who can pass a satisfactory examination in all
dep'artments of the Seminar}^ curriculum and have sat-
isfied all requirements as to attendance.
Men who have taken the full course at another Semi-
nary, including the departments of Hebrew and Greek
Exegesis, Dogmatic Theology, Church History, and Pas-
toral Theology, and have received a diploma, will be en-
titled to a diploma from this Seminary on condition: (1)
that they take the equivalent of a full year's work in a
single year or two years; (2) that they be subject to the
usual rules governing our classroom work, such as regu-
lar attendance and recitations; (3) that they pass the ex-
aminations with the classes of which they are members;
(4) it is a further condition that such students attend ex-
ercises in at least three departments, one of which shall
be either Greek or Hebrew Exegesis.
Religious Exercises
As the Seminary does not maintain public services
on the Lord's Day, each student is expected to connect
26 (80)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
himself with one of the congreg-ations in Pittsburgh, and
thus to be under pastoral care and to perform his duties
as a church member.
Abundant opportunities for Christian work are af-
forded by the various churches, missions, and benevo-
lent societies of this large community. This kind of
labor has been found no less useful for practical training
than the work of supplying the pulpits. Daily prayers at
11 :20 A. M., which all the students are required to attend,
are conducted by the Faculty. A meeting for prayer
and conference, conducted by the professors, is held
every Wednesday morning, at which addresses are made
by the professors and invited speakers.
Senior Preaching Service
{See Stiidij Courses 47, 48, 56.)
Public worship is observed every Monday evening
in the Seminary Chapel, from October to April, under
the direction of the professor of homiletics. This ser-
vice is intended to be in all respects what a regular
church service should be. It is attended by the mem-
bers of the faculty, the entire student body, and friends
of the Seminary generally. It is conducted by members
of the senior class in rotation. The preacher is prepared
for his duties by preliminary criticism of his sermon and
by pulpit drill on the preceding Saturday, and no com-
ment whatever is offered at the service itself. The Ce-
cilia Choir is in attendance to lead the singing and fur-
nish a suitable anthem. The service is designed to min-
ister to the spiritual life of the Seminary and also to fur-
nish a model of Presbyterian form and order. The ex-
ercises are all reviewed by the professor in charge at his
next subsequent meeting with the senior class. Mem-
bers of the faculty are also expected to offer to the
officiating student any suggestions they may deem de-
sirable.
27 (81)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Se^ninary
Students' Y. M. C. A.
This society has been recently organized under the
direction of the Faculty, which is represented on each
one of the committees. Students are ipso facto and mem-
bers of the Faculty ex officio members of the Seminary
Y. M. C. A. Meetings are held weekly, the exercises be-
ing alternately missionary and devotional. It is the suc-
cessor of the Students' Missionary Society and its special
object is to stimulate the missionary zeal of its members;
but the name and form of the organization have been
changed for the purpose of a larger and more helpful
co-operation with similar societies.
Christian Work
The City of Pittsburgh affords unusual opportuni-
ties for an adequate stud}' of the manifold forms of mod-
ern Christian activity. Students are encouraged to en-
gage in some form of Christian work other than preach-
ing, as it is both a stimulus to devotional life and forms
an important element in a training for the pastorate.
Regular Avork in several different lines has been carried
on under the direction of committees of the Y. M. C. A.,
including services at the Presbyterian Hospital, at the
Old Ladies' Home and the Old Couples' Home, "Wilkins-
burg, and at two Missions in the do"^^^lto'wn district of
Pittsburgh. Several students have had charge of mis-
sion churches in various parts of the city while others
have been assistants in Sunday School work or have con-
ducted Teacher Training Classes. Those who are in-
terested in settlement work have unusual opportunities
of familiarizing themselves with this form of social ac-
tivity at the Wood's Run Industrial Home, the Kingsley
House, and the Heinz Settlement.
28 (82)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Bureau of Preaching Supply
A bureau of preaching supply has been organized by
the Faculty for the purpose of apportioning supply work,
as request comes in from the vacant churches. No at-
tempt is made to secure places for students either hy ad-
vertising or hy application to Preshyterial Committees.
The allotment of places is in alphabetical order. The
members of the senior class and regularly enrolled
graduate students have the preference over the middle
class, and the middle class in turn over the junior.
Rules Governing the Distribution of Calls for
Preaching
1. All allotment of preaching will be made directly from the
President's Office by the President of the Seminary or a
member of the Faculty.
2. Calls for preaching will be assigned in alphabetical order, the
members of the senior class having the preference, followed
in turn by the middle and junior classes.
3. In case a church names a student in its request, the call will
be offered to the person mentioned; if he decline, it will be
assigned according to Rule 2, and the church will be notified.
4. If a student who has accepted an assignment finds it impossible
to fill the engagement, he is to notify the office, when a new
arrangement will be made and the student thus giving up
an oppointment will lose his turn as provided for under Rule
2 ; but two students who have received appointments from
the office may exchange with each other.
5. All students supplying churches regularly are expected to re-
port this fact and their names will not be included in the al-
phabetic roll according to the provisions of Rule 2.
6. When a church asks the Faculty to name a candidate from the
senior or post-graduate classes, Rule 2 in regard to alpha-
betic order will not apply, but the person sent will lose his
turn. In other words, a student will not be treated both as
a candidate and as an occasional supply.
7. Graduate students, complying with Rule 4 governing scholar-
ship aid, will be put in the roll of the senior class.
8. If there are not sufficient calls for all the senior class any week,
the assignments the following week will commence at the
point in the roll where they left off the previous week, but
no middler will be sent any given week until all the seniors
are assigned. The middle class will be treated in the same
manner as the seniors, i. e., every member of the class will
have an opportunity to go, before the head of the roll is as-
signed a second time. No junior -will be sent out until all
29 (83)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the members of the two upper classes are assigned, but, like
the members of the senior and middle classes, each member
will have an equal chance.
9. These rules in regard to preaching are regulations of the Fac-
ulty and as such are binding on all matriculants of the Sem-
inary. A student who disregards them or interferes with
their enforcement will make himself liable to discipline, and
forfeit his right to receive scholarship aid.
10. A student receiving an invitation directly is at liberty to fill
the engagement, but must notify the office, and will lose
his turn according to Rule 2.
Library
The Library of the Seminary is now housed in its
new home in Swift Hall, the south wing of the group of
new buildings dedicated at the Commencement season,
1916. This steel frame and fire-proof structure is English
Collegiate Gothic in architectural design and provides
the Library with an external equipment which, for beauty
and completeness, is scarcely surpassed by any theolog-
ical, institution on this continent. The handsome beam-
ceilinged reading room is furnished in keeping with the
architecture. It is equipped Avith individual reading
lamps and accommodates many hundred circulating
volumes, besides reference books and current periodicals.
Adjoining this are rooms for library administration.
There is also a large, quiet seminar room for all those
who wish to conduct researches, where the volumes that
the Library contains treating particular subjects may be
assembled and used at convenience. A stack room with
a capacity for 150 to 160 thousand volumes has been pro-
vided and now has a steel stack equipment with space
for about 50,000 volumes.
The Library has recently come into possession of a
unique hymnological collection of great value. It con-
sists of 9 to 10 thousand volumes assembled by the late
Mr. James Warrington of Philadelphia. During his
lifetime Mr. Warrington made the study of Church Music
his chief pastime and had gathered together all the ma-
terial of any value published in Great Britain and Amer-
30 (84)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
ica dealing with his favorite theme. The Library is
exceedingly fortunate in the acquisition of this note-
worthy collection, which will not only serve to enhance
the work of the music department of the Seminary but
offers to scholars and investigators, interested in the field
of British and American Church Music, facilities un-
equaled by any theological collection in the country. The
collection, together with Mr. Warrington's original cata-
logue and bibliographical material, occupies a separate
room in the new building. The latter has been arranged
and placed in new filing cabinets, thus rendering it con-
venient and accessible. Already in recent years, before
the purchase of Mr. Warrington's collection had been
thought of for the Library, the department of hymnology
had been enlarged, and embraced much that relates to the
history and study of Church Music.
Other departments of the library also have been
built up and are now^ much more complete. The mediae-
val waiters of Europe are well represented in excellent
editions, and the collection of authorities on the Papacy
is quite large. These collections, both for secular and
church history, afford great assistance in research and
original work. The department of sermons is supplied
with the best examples of preaching — ancient and mod-
ern— while every effort is made to obtain literature
which bears upon the complete furnishing of the preacher
and evangelist. To this end the missionary literature
is rich in biography, travel, and education. Constant
additions of the best writers on the oriental languages
and Old Testament history are being made, and the li-
brary grows richer in the works of the best scholars of
Europe and America. The department of New Testa-
ment Exegesis is well developed and being increased, not
only by the best commentaries and exegetical works, but
also by those which through history, essay, and sociolo-
gical study illuminate and portray the times, people, and
customs of the Gospel Age. The library possesses a
31 (85)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
choice selection of works upon theology, philosophy, and
ethics, and additions are being made of volumes which
discuss the fundamental principles. While it is not
thought desirable to include every author, the leading
writers are given a place without regard to their creed.
Increasing attention is being given to those writers who
deal with the great social problems and the practical
application of Christianity to the questions of ethical and
social life.
The number of volumes in the Library at present is,
approximately, 35,000. This reckoning is exclusive of
the Warrington collection and neither does it include
unbound pamphlet material. Over one hundred period-
icals are currently received, not including annual reports,
3^ear books, government documents, and irregular con-
tinuations. A modern card catalogue, in course of com-
pletion, covers, at the present time, a great majority of
the bound volumes in the library.
' The library is open on week days to all ministers
and others, without restriction of creed, subject to the
same rules as apply to students. Hours are from 9 to
4 daily except Saturdays ; Saturdays, from 9 to 12.
No formal instruction in the use of the library is
given at present, but it is desired that individual stu-
dents who wish to know how to use library tools intelli-
gently shall feel free to ask for individual instruction,
and the librarians are glad to co-operate with any depart-
ment in arranging for class work.
The library is essentially theological, though it in-
cludes much not to be strictl}^ defined by that term; for
general literature the students have access to the Car-
negie Library, which is situated within five minutes ' walk
of the Seminary buildings.
The James L. Shields Book Purchasing Memorial
Fund, with an endowment of $1,000, has been founded
by Mrs. Robert A. Watson of Columbus, Ohio, in memory
of her father, the late James L. Shields of Blairsville,
Pennsylvania.
32 (86)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
The library is receiving the following periodicals
American Catholic Quarterly Re-
view.
American Issue.
American Journal of Achseology.
American Journal of Philology.
American Journal of Semitic
Languages and Literature.
American Journal of Sociology.
American Lutheran Survey.
American Messenger.
Ancient Egypt.
Archiv ftir Reformations-
geschichte.,
Art and Archaeology.
Asia.
Atlantic Monthly.
Auburn Seminary Record.
Biblical Review.
Bibliotheca Sacra.
British Weekly.
Catholic Historical Review.
Chinese Recorder.
Christian Endeavor World.
Christian Education.
Christian Herald.
Christian Statesman.
Christian Union Quarterly.
Christian Work.
Christian Worker's Magazine.
Churchman.
Congregationalist and Advance.
Constructive Quarterly.
Contemporary Review.
Continent.
Cumulative Book Index.
East and West.
Educational Review.
Expositor.
Expository Times.
Glory of Israel.
Harvard Theological Review.
Herald and Presbyter.
Hibbert Journal.
Homiletic Review.
Independent.
International Journal of Ethics.
International Review of Missions.
Japan Review.
Jewish Quarterly Review.
Journal Asiatique.
Journal of American Oriental
Society.
Journal of Biblical Literature.
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology.
Journal of Hellenic Studies.
Journal of Presbyterian Histor-
ical Society.
Journal of Religion.
Journal of Royal Asiatic Society.
Journal of Theological Studies.
Korea Mission Field.
Krest'anske Listy.
Logos.
London Quarterly Review.
Lutheran Quarterly.
Methodist Review.
Mexican Review.
Missionary Herald.
Missionary Review of the World.
Moslem World.
Nation, The
National Geographic Magazine.
Neighborhood Class News.
Neue Kirchliche Zeitschrift.
New Era Magazine.
New Republic.
American Messenger.
Nineteenth Century and After.
North American Review.
Open Road.
Outlook.
Palestine Exploration Fund.
Pedagogical Seminary.
Pittsburgh Christian Outlook.
Prayer and Work for Israel.
Presbyterian.
Presbyterian Banner.
Princeton Theological Review.
Quarterly Register of Reformed
Churclies.
Quarterly Review.
Reader's Guide.
Reader's Guide Supplement.
Reformatusok Lapja.
Reformed Church Review.
Religious Education.
Revue Biblique.
Revue d' Assyriologie.
Revue Chretienne.
Revue des Etudes Juives.
Revue de I'Histoire des Religions
Sailors' Magazine.
Slovensky Kalvin.
Social Service Review.
Society of Biblical Archaeology.
Survey, The
United Presbyterian.
World To-morrow.
Yale Review.
Zeitschrift fiir die Alttestament-
liche Wissenschaft.
Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie.
Zeitschrift des Deutschen Pala-
stina-Vereins.
Zeitschrift fiir die Neutestament-
liche Wissenschaft.
33 (87)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Physical Training
In 1912 the Seminaiy opened its own gymnasium
in the new dormitory. This gymnasium is thoroughly
equipped with the most modern apparatus. Its floor and
walls are properl}^ spaced and marked for basket ball
and handball courts. It is open to students five hours
daily. The students also have access to the public ten-
nis courts in West Park.
Expenses
A fee of ten dollars a 3^ear is required to be paid to
the contingent fund for the heating and care of the li-
brary and lecture rooms. Students residing in the dor-
mitory^ and in rented rooms pay an additional twenty
dollars for natural gas and service.
All students who reside in the dormitory are re-
quired to take their meals in the Seminary dining hall.
TJie price for boarding is four dollars per week.*
Prospective students may gain a reasonable idea of
their necessar^^ expenses from the f ollomng table :
Contingent Fee . . ' $ 30
Boarding for 32 weeks 128
Books 25
Gymnasium Fee 2
Sundries 15
Total $200
Students in need of financial assistance should ap-
ply for aid, through their Presbyteries, to the Board of
Education. The sums thus acquired may be supple-
mented from the scholarship funds of the Seminarj^
Scholarship Aid
1. All students needing financial assistance ma^^ re-
ceive a maximum of $100 per annum from the scholar-
ship fund of the Seminary.
*During the current term, owing to the high cost of food, the
price of boarding was raised to $6.50 per week.
34 (88)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
2. The distribution is made in four installments:
on the first Tuesda3^s of October, December, February,
and April.
3. A student whose grade falls below "C," or 75
per cent., or who has five absences from class exercises
without satisfactory excuse, shall forfeit his right to aid
from this source. The following are not considered valid
grounds for excuse from recitations: (1) work on Pres-
bytery parts; (2) preaching or evangelistic engagements,
unless special permission has been received from the
Faculty (Application must be made in writing for such
permission) ; (3) private business, unless imperative.
4. A student who so desires, may borrow his schol-
arship aid, with the privilege of repayment after gradua-
tion ; this loan to be without interest.
5. A student must take, as the minimum, twelve
(12) hours of recitation work per week in order to obtain
scholarship aid and have the privilege of a room in the
Seminary dormitory. Work in Elocution and Music is
regarded as supplementary to these twelve hours.
6. Post-graduate students are not eligible to schol-
arship aid, and, in order to have the privilege of occupy-
ing a room in the dormitory, must take twelve hours of
recitation and lecture work per week.
7. Students marrying during their course of study
at the Seminary will not be eligible to scholarship aid.
This rule does not apply to those who enter the Seminary
married.
Loan Funds
The Rev. James H. Lyon, a member of the class of
1864, has founded a loan fund by a gift of $200. Needy
students can borrow small sums from this fund at a low
rate of interest.
Recently a friend of the Seminary, by a gift of
$2500, established a Students' Loan and Self-help
Fund. The principal is to be kept intact and the in-
35 (89)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
come is available for loans to students which may be re-
paid after graduation.
Donations and Bequests
All donations or bequests to the Seminary should be
made to the "Trustees of the Western Theological Sem-
inary of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of
America, located in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania."
The proper legal form for maldng a bequest is as follows :
I hereby give and bequeath to the Trustees of the
Western Theological Seminary, of the Presbyterian
Church in the United States of America, incorporated
in the State of Pennsylvania, the following : —
Note : — If the person desires the Seminary to get the
full amount designated, free of tax, the following state-
ment should be added : — The collateral inheritance tax to
be paid out of my estate.
In this connection the present financial needs of the
Seminary may be arranged in tabular form :
Chair of Apologetics $100,000
Apartment for Professors 100,000
Chair of Missions 100,000
Museum of Missions and Biblical Antiquities 25,000
Library Fund 30,000
Two Fellowships, $10,000 each 20,000
The Memorial idea may be carried out either in the
erection of one of these buildings or in the endowment of
any of the funds. During the past ten years the Sem-
inary has made considerable progress in securing new
equipment and additions to the endowment funds. One
of the recent gifts was that of $100,000 to endow the
President's Chair. This donation w;as made by the Rev.
Nathaniel W. Conkling, D. D., a member of the class of
1861. In May, 1912, the new dormitory building, costing
$146,097, was dedicated, and four years later, May 4,
1916, Herron Hall and Swift Plall, the north and south
wings of the new quadrangle, were dedicated. During
36 (90)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
this period the Seminary has also received the endow-
ment of a missionary lectureship from the late Mr. L. H.
Severance, of Cleveland; and, through the efforts of Dr.
Breed, an endowment of $15,000 for the instructorship
in music; as well as eight scholarships amounting to
$22,331.10.
In the 3^ear 1918, a lectureship was established
by a gift of $5,000 from Mrs. Janet I. Watson, of Colum-
bus, Ohio, in memory of her husband Rev. Robert A.
Watson, a member of the class of 1874. Mrs. Watson has
also fomided the James L. Shields Book Purchasing
Memorial Fund, with an endowment of $1,000, in memory
of her father tlie late James L. Shields of Blairsville
Pennsylvania.
During the year 1919 Mrs. Watson established two
prizes, each with an endowment of $1,000 : (1) The John
Watson Prize in New Testament Greek, in memory of her
husband's father, Rev. John Watson; (2) The Rev.
William B. Watson Hebrew Prize, in memory of Rev.
William B. Watson, a member of the class of 1868 and a
brother of Rev. Robert A. Watson.
Also during this year the Michael Wilson Keith
Memorial Homiletical Prize of $100 was founded by the
Keith Bible Class of the First Presbyterian Church of
Coraopolis, Pa., by an endowment of two thousand
dollars in memory of the Rev. Michael W^ilson Keith,
D. D., the founder of the class and pastor of the church
from 1911-1917. This foundation was established in
grateful remembrance of Dr. Keith's service to his coun-
try as Chaplain of the 111th Infantry Regiment. He fell
while performing his duty at the front in France.
In December, 1919, a friend of the Seminary, by a
contribution of $2,500 established a Students' Loan and
Self-help Fund. The principal is to be kept intact and
the income is available for loans to students which may
be repaid after graduation.
In July, 1920, Mrs. R. A. Watson established, with
37 (91)
Tlie Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
an endowment of $1,000, the Joseph Watson Greek Prize,
in memory of her husband's youngest brother.
During the past year a member of the Board made a
contribution of ten thousand dollars to the endowment
fund, and one of the holders of annuity bonds cancelled
them to the sum of $7,500. In addition a legacy of
$25,000 was received from the Estate of James Laughlin,
Jr.
The whirlwind campaign of October 24 — November
3, 1913, resulted in subscriptions amounting to $135,000.
This money was used in the erection of the new Admin-
istration Building, to take the place of Seminary Hall.
A friend of the Seminary has subscribed $50,000 for the
erection of a chapel; as soon as conditions in the busi-
ness world become more normal, the chapel will be
erected according to plans already adopted. During the
past three years the debt of $88,000, incurred in the erec-
tion of Memorial Hall and Herron and Swift Halls, has
been reduced to $27,000. Attention is called to the
special needs of the Seminary — the endowment of ad-
ditional professorships and the completion of the build-
ing program.
Reports of Presbyteries
Presbyteries having students under their care re-
ceive annual reports from the Faculty concerning the
attainments of the students in scholarship, and their at-
tendance upon the exercises of the Seminary,
Lists of Scholarships
1. The Thomas Patterson Scholarship, founded in 1829, by
Thomas Patterson, of Upper St. Clair, Allegheny County, Pa.
2. The McNeely Scholarship, founded by Miss Nancy McNeely, of
Steubenville, Ohio.
3. The Dornan Scholarship, founded by James Dornan, of Wash-
ington County, Pa.
4. The O'Hara Scholarship, founded bj^ Mrs. Harmar Denny, of
Pittsburgh, Pa.
5. The Smith Scholarship, founded by Robin Smith, of Allegheny
County, Pa.
6. The Ohio Smith Scholarship, founded by Robert W. Smith, of
Fairfield County, O.
38 (92)
HEREON HALL
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
7. The Dickinson Scholarship, founded by Rev. Richard W. Dicli-
inson, D.D., of New York City.
8. The Jane McCrea Patterson Scholarship, founded by Joseph
Patterson, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
9. The Hamilton Scott Easter Scholarship, founded by Hamilton
Easter, of Baltimore, Md.
10. The Corning Scholarship, founded by Hanson K. Corning, of
New York City.
11. The Emma B. Corning Scholarship, founded by her husband,
Hanson K. Corning, of New York City.
12. The Susan C. Williams Scholarship, founded by her husband,
Jesse L. Williams, of Ft. Wayne, Ind.
13. The Mary P. Keys Scholarship, No. 1, founded by herself.
14. The Mary P. Keys Scholarship, No. 2, founded by herself.
15. The James L. Carnaghan Scholarship, founded by James L.
Carnaghan, of Sewickley, Pa.
16. The A. M. Wallingford Scholarship, founded by A. M. Walling-
ford, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
17. The Alexander Cameron Scholarship, founded by Alexander
Cameron, of Allegheny, Pa.
18. The "First Presbyterian Church of Kittanning, Pa." Scholar-
ship.
19. The Rachel Dickson Scholarship, founded by Rachel Dickson,
of Pittsburgh, Pa.
20. The Isaac Cahill Scholarship, founded by Isaac Cahill, of Bu-
cyrus, O.
21. The Margaret Cahill Scholarship, founded by Isaac Cahill, of
Bucyrus, O.
22. The "H. E. B." Scholarship, founded by Rev. Charles C' Beatty,
D.D., LL.D., of Steubenville, O.
2 3. The "C. C. B." Scholarship, founded by Rev. Charles C. Beatty,
D.D., LL.D., of Steubenville, O.
24 The Koonce Scholarship, founded by Hon. Charles Koonce, of
Clark, Mercer County, Pa.
25. The Fairchild Scholarship, founded by Rev. Elias R. Fair-
child, D.D., of Mendham, N. J.
2 6. The Allen Scholarship, founded by Dr. Richard Steele, Execu-
tor, from the estate of Electa Steele Allen, of Auburn, N. Y.
27. The "L. M. R. B." Scholarship, founded by Rev. Charles C.
Beatty, D.D., LL.D., of Steubenville, O.
28. The "M. A. C. B." Scholarship, founded by Rev. Charles C.
Beatty, D.D., LL.D., of Steubenville, O.
29. The Sophia Houston Carothers Scholarship, founded by herself.
30. The Margaret Donahey Scholarship, founded by Margaret
Donahey, of Washington County, Pa.
31. The Melanchthon W. Jacobus Scholarship, founded by will of
his deceased wife.
32. The Charles Burleigh Conkling Scholarship, founded by his
father, Rev. Nathaniel W. Conkling, D.D., of New York City.
33. The Redstone Memorial Scholarship, founded in honor of Red-
stone Presbj'tery.
34. The John Lee Scholarship, founded by himself.
3 5. The James McCord Scholarship, founded by John D. McCord, of
Philadelphia, Pa.
36. The Elisha P. Swift Scholarship.
37. The Gibson Scholarship, founded by Charles Gibson, of Law-
rence County, Pa.
39 (93)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
38. The New York Scholarship.
39. The Mary Foster Scholarship, founded by Mary Foster, of
Greensburg, Pa.
40. The Lea Scholarship, founded in part by Rev. Richard Lea and
by the Seminary.
41. The Kean Scholarship, founded by Rev. William F. Kean, of
Sewickley, Pa.
42. The Murry Scholarship, founded by Rev. Joseph A. Murry,
D.D., of Carlisle, Pa.
43. The Moorehead Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Annie C. Moore-
head, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
44. The Craighead Scholarship, founded by Rev. Richard Craig-
head, of Meadville, Pa.
45. The George H. Starr Scholarship, founded by Mr. George H.
Starr, of Sewickley, Pa.
46. The William R. Murphy Scholarship, founded by William R.
Murphy, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
47. The Mary A. McClurg Scholarship, founded by Miss Mary A.
McClurg.
48. The Catherine R. Negley Scholarship, founded by Catherine R.
Negley.
49. The Jane C. Dinsmore Scholarship, founded by Jane C. Dins-
more.
50. The Samuel Collins Scholarship, founded by Samuel Collins.
51. The A. G. McCandless Scholarship, founded by A. G. McCand-
less, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
52-53. The W. G. and Charlotte T. Taj^lor Scholarships, founded by
Rev. W. G. Taylor, D.D.
54. The William A. Robinson Scholarship, founded by John F.
Robinson in memory of his father.
5 5. The Alexander C. Robinson Scholarship, founded by John F.
Robinson in memory of his brother.
56. The David Robinson Scholarship, founded by John F. Robinson
in memory of his brother.
57-5 8. The Robert and Charles Gardner Scholarships, founded by
Mrs. Jane Hogg Gardner in memory of her sons.
59. The Joseph Patterson, Jane Patterson, and Rebecca Leech
Patterson Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Joseph Patterson,
of Philadelphia, Pa.
60. The Jane and Mary Patterson Scholarship, founded by Mrs.
Joseph Patterson.
61. The Joseph Patterson Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Joseph
Patterson.
62. The William Woodward Eells Scholarship, founded by his
daughter, Anna Sophia Eells.
*63. The Andrew Reed Scholarship, founded by his daughter, Anna
M. Reed.
64. The Bradford Scholarship, founded by Benjamin Rush Brad-
ford.
65. The William Irwin Nevin Scholarship, founded by Theodore
Hugh Nevin and Hannah Irwin Nevin.
Special Funds
The James L. Shields Book Purchasing Memorial Fund.
The James H. Lyon Loan Fund.
Students' Loan and Self-help Fund.
^Special Prize Scholarship (vide p. 58).
40 (94)
A VIEW OF THE PARK FROM THE QUADRANGLE
^s^p^'rm^
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Courses of Study
A thoroughgoing revision of the curriculum was
made at the beginning of the academic year 1910-11, and
additional modifications have been introduced in subse-
quent years. The growth of the elective system in col-
leges has resulted in a wide variation in the equipment
of the students entering the Seminary, and the broaden-
ing of the scope of practical Christian activity has neces-
sitated a specialized training for ministerial candidates.
In recognition of these conditions, the curriculum has
been modified in the following particulars :
The elective system has been introduced with such
restrictions as seemed necessary in view of the general
aim of the Seminary.
The elective courses are confined largely to the
senior year, except that students who have already com-
pleted certain courses of the Seminary will not be re-
quired to take them again, but may select from the list
of electives such courses as will fill in the entire quota
of hours.
Students who come to the Seminary with inadequate
preparation will be required to take certain elementary
courses, e. g., Greek, Hebrew, Philosophy. In some
cases this may entail a four years' course in the Semi-
nary, but students are urged to do all preliminary work
in colleges.
Fifteen hours of recitation and lecture work are re-
quired of Juniors, fourteen hours of Middlers, fifteen
hours of Seniors, and tAvelve hours of Graduate Students.
Elocution and music, although required, are not counted
in the number of hours stated above. Students desiring
to take more than the required number of hours must
make special application to the Facult}^, and no student
who falls below the grade ''A" in his regular work will be
allowed to take additional courses.
in the senior year the only required courses are
those in Practical Theology, N. T. Theology, 0. T.
41 (95)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Prophecy, and Introduction to the Epistles. The election
of the studies must be on the group system, one subject
being regarded as major and another as minor ; for ex-
ample, a student electing N. T. as a major must take four
hours in this department and in addition must take one
course in a closely related subject, such as 0. T. Theol-
ogy or Exegesis. He must also write a thesis of not less
than 4,000 words on some topic in the department from
which he has selected his major.
Hebrew Language and Old Testament Literature
Dk. Kelso, Dr. Culley
I. Linguistic Courses
The Hebrew language is studied from tlie philological stand-
point in order to lay the foundations for the exegetical study of the
Old Testament. With this end in view, courses are offered which
will make the student thoroughly familiar with the chief exegetical
and critical problems of the Hebrew Scriptures.
1. Introductory Hebrew Grammar. Exercises in reading and
writing Hebrew and the acquisition of a working vocabulary. Gen.
1-20. Four hours weekly throughout the year. Juniors. Re-
quired. Asst. Prof. Culley.
2a. First Samuel I-XX or Judges. Rapid sight reading and
exegesis. One hour weekly throughout the year. All classes.
Elective. Asst. Prof. Culley.
2b. The Minor Prophets or the Psalter. Rapid sight reading
and exegesis. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors and
Graduates. Elective. Asst. Prof. Culley.
3. Deuteronomy I-XX or one Book of Kings. Hebrew Syntax.
Davidson's Hebrew Syntax or Driver's Hebrew Tenses. Two hours
weekly throughout the year. Middlers. Required. Asst. Prof.
Culley.
7a. Biblical Aramaic. Grammar and study of Daniel 2:4b —
7:28; Ezra 4:8 — 6:18; 7:12-26; Jeremiah 10:11. Reading of
selected Aramaic Papyri from Elephantine. One hour weekly
throughout the year. Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Asst.
Prof. Culley.
7b. Elementary Arabic. A beginner's course in Arabic gram-
mar is offered to students interested in advanced Semitic studies
or those looking towards mission work in lands where a knowledge
of Arabic is essential. One or two hours weekly throughout the
year depending upon the requirements of the student. Asst. Prof.
Culley.
42 (96)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
II. Critical and Exegetical Courses
A. Mebrew
4. The Psalter. An exegetical course on the Psalms, with
special reference to their critical and theological problems. One
hour weekly, throughout the year. Seniors (1921-22). Elective.
Prof. Kelso.
5. Isiaiah I-XII, and selections from XL-LXVI. An exegetical
course paying special attention to the nature of prophecy and critical
questions. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors (1920-
21). Elective. Prof. Kelso.
6. Pi'overbs and Job. The interpretation of selected passages
from Proverbs and Job which bear on the nature of Hebrew Wisdom
and Wisdom Literature. One hour weekly throughout the year.
Seniors and Graduates (1921-22). Elective. Prof. Kelso.
Biblia Hebraica, ed. Kittel, and the Oxford Lexicon of the Old
Testament, are the text-books.
In order to elect these courses, the student must have attained
at least Grade B in courses 1 and 3.
B. English
8a. The History of the Hebrews. An outline course from the
earliest times to the Assyrian Period in which the Biblical material
is studied with the aid of a syllabus and reference books. Two
hours weekly, first semester. Juniors and Middlers. (1921-22).
Required. Prof. Kelso.
8b. The History of the Hebrews. A continuation of the pre-
ceding course. The Babylonian, Persian, and Greek Periods. Two
hours weekly, first semester. Juniors and Middlers. (1920-21).
Required. Prof. Kelso.
9. Hexateuchal Criticism. A thorough study is made of the
modern view of the origin and composition of the Hexateuch. One
hour weekly, second semester. Seniors, Graduates. Elective. Prof.
Kelso.
10. The Psaltei*, Hebrew Wisdom and AVisdom Literature. In
this course a critical study is made of the books of Job, Psalms,
Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon. One hour weekly,
second semester. Seniors and Graduates (1920-21). Elective.
Prof. Kelso.
11. Old Testament Piophecy and Prophets. In this course the
general principles of prophecy are treated and a careful study is
made of the chief prophetic books. Special attention is paid to the
theological and social teachings of each prophet. The problems of
literary criticism are also discussed. Syllabus and reference works.
Required of Seniors, open to Graduates. Two hours weekly through-
out the year. Prof. Kelso.
12. The C^anon and Text of the Old Testament. This subject
is presented in lectures, with collateral reading on the part of the
students. One hour weekly, throughout the year. Middlers,
Seniors, and Graduates. Elective. Asst. Prof. Culley.
43 (97)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
67. Biblical Apocalyptic. A careful study of the Apocalyptic
element in the Old Testament with special reference to the Book
of Daniel. After a brief investigation of the main features of the
extra-canonical apocalypses, the Book of Revelation is examined
in detail. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors and
Graduates (1920-21). Elective. Prof. Kelso.
69. The Book of Genesis. A critical exegetical study of the
Book of Genesis in English based upon the text of the American
Revised Version. Two hours weekly, one semester. Middlers,
Seniors, Graduates (1921-22). Elective. Prof. Kelso.
All these courses are based on the English Version as revised
by modern criticism and interpreted by scientific exegesis.
New Testament Literature and Exegesis
, Mr. EAKm
Professor Samuel Angus, Ph.D., of Sydney, Australia, served as
acting professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis during
the term of 1920-21.
A. Linguistic.
13. Elementary Course in New Testament Gieek. The essen-
tials of Greek Grammar are taught. The First Epistle of John and
part of John's Gospel are read. Attention is also devoted to the
committing of vocabulary. The text-book used is Huddilston's
"Essentials of New Testament Greek". Required of all Jvmiors
not exempted by examination (see page 27). Four hours weekly
first semester, three hours second semester. Mr. Eakin.
14. New Testament Greek. This course includes: — (1) Read-
ing from the Greek N. T.; (2) A Study of N. T. Grammar and Syn-
tax; (3) Committing to memory of N. T. vocabulary. One hour
weekly throughout the year. Juniors. Required. (See page 27).
Mr. Eakin.
14a. Sight Reading in the Greek New Testment. In this
course the aim is to give the student facility in reading the New
Testament in its original language. Attention is also devoted to
critical and exegetical problems as they are met with. Middlers and
Seniors. One hour weekly throughout the year. Elective. Mr.
Eakin.
B. Historical (English)
16. The Life of Christ. In this course a thorough study is
made of the life of our Lord, using as a text book the Gospel nar-
rative, as arranged in the Harmony of Stevens and Burton. Two
hours weekly throughout the year. Juniors. Required. Prof.
Angus.
44 (98)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
17. First Century Christianity. A historical course consist-
ing of lectures and assigned readings. The antecedents and en-
vironment of early Christianity are traced, first from the Jewish
and then from the Gentile side. This is followed by a sketch of
the origin of the Christian movement itself and its development to
the close of the first century. One hour weekly throughout the
year. Middlers. Required. Mr. Eakin.
C. Exegetical
18. Hermeueutics. This subject is presented in a brief course
of lectures in the first semester of the middle year, and is designed
as a preparation for course 2 0. The various types of exegesis which
have appeared in the history of the Church are discussed, and the
principles which lie at the foundation of sound exegesis are pre-
sented. Required.
20. Greek Exegesis. In this course the Epistle to the Ro-
mans and the Epistle to the Hebrews are studied in alternate years
with this twofold aim: first, of training the student in correct
methods of exegesis; and second, of giving him a firm grasp of the
theological content of the epistle under consideration. One hour
weekly, first semester, three hours, second semester. Required.
Prof. Angus. The epistle for 1920-21 is Romans.
D. Critical (Greek)
19a. The Synoptic Problem. A first-hand study of the phe-
nomena presented by the Synoptic Gospels, with a view to forming
an intelligent judgment of the relations between them. One hour
weekly throughout the year. Seniors and Graduates. Elective.
19b. The Fourth Gospel. A critical and exegetical study of
the Fourth Gospel, for the purpose, first, of forming a judgment on
the question of its authorship and its value as history, and, second,
of enabling the student to apprehend in some measure its doctrinal
content. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors and
Graduates. Elective. Prof. Angus.
These two courses are offered in alternate years, the course
given in 1920-21 being 19b.
21. Introduction to the Epistles. A critical study of the
Pauline Epistles, with special reference to questions of Introduc-
tion. One hour weekly throughout the year. Required of Seniors
and open to Graduates.
22. General Introduction to the New Testament. An intro-
duction to the study of the canon, text, etc., and of critical problems
connected with individual N. T. books and groups of books. Lec-
tures and assigned readings. Two hours weekly, second semester.
Juniors. Required. Mr. Eakin.
23. Introduction to the Gospels. At the beginning of the
first semester in the junior year this subject is presented in lectures.
Required.
45 (99)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Biblical Theology
25. Biblical Theology of the Old Testament. A comprehen-
sive historical study of the religious institutions, rites, and teach-
ings of the Old Testament. The Biblical material is studied with
the aid of a syllabus and reference books. Two hours weekly.
Offered in alternate years (1920-21). Elective. Open to Middlers,
Seniors, and Graduates. Prof. Kelso.
26. Biblical Theology of the New Testament. A careful study
is made of the N. T. literature with the purpose of securing a first-
hand knowledge of its theological teaching. While the work con-
sists primarily of original research in the sources, sufficient collat-
eral reading is required to insure an acquaintance with the litera-
ture of the subject. Two hours weekly throughout the year. Re-
quired of Seniors, and open to Graduates. Prof. Angus.
English Bible
Great emphasis is laid upon the study of the English Bible
through the entire Seminary course. In fact, more time is devoted
to the study of the Bible in English than to any other single subject.
For graduation, 4 4 term-hours of classroom work are required of
each student. Of this total, 8 term hours are taken up with the
exact scientific study of the Bible in the English version, or in other
words, nearly one-sixth of the student's time is concentrated on the
Bible in English. . In addition to this minimum requirement, elec-
tive courses occupying 4 term-hours, are offered to students. For
details in regard to courses in the English Bible, see under Old
Testament Literature, p. 42f. and New Testament Literature, p. 44f.
29. Homiletics. The English Bible is carefully and compre-
hensively studied for several weeks in the department of Homiletics
for homiletical purposes, the object being to determine the dis-
tinctive contents of its separate parts and their relation to each
other, thus securing their proper and consistent construction in
preaching. (See course 45).
Church History
Dr. Schaff
The instruction in this department is given by text-book in the
period of ancient Christianity, and by lectures in the medieval and
modern periods, from 6 00 to 1900. In all courses, readings in the
original and secondary authorities are required and maps are used.
30'. The Ante-Nicene and Nicene Periods, 100 to 600 A. D.
This course includes the constitution, worship, moral code, and liter-
ature of the Church, and its gradual extension in the face of the
opposition of Judaism and Paganism from without, and heresy from
within; union of Church and State; Monasticism; the controversies
46 (100)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
over the deity and person of Christ; GEcumenical Councils; the
Pelagian Controversy. Two hours weekly throughout the year.
Juniors. Required. Prof. Schaff.
31. Medieval Church History, 60O to 1517 A. D.
(i) Conversion of the Barbarians; Mohammedanism; the
Papacy and Empire; the Great Schism; social and clerical manners;
Church Government and Doctrine.
(ii) Hildebrand and the Supremacy of the Papacy; the Cru-
sades; Monasticism; the Inquisition; Scholasticism; the Sacramen-
tal system; the Universities; the Cathedrals.
(iii) Boniface VIII and the Decline of the Papacy; the Re-
formatory Councils; German Mysticism; the Reformers before the
Reformation; Renaissance; Degeneracy of the Papacy.
(iv) Symbolics: Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. Fif-
teen lectures. Three hours weekly (i &. ii, first semester, iii & iv,
second semester). Middlers. Required. Prof. Schaff.
32. The Reformation, 1517 to 1648. A comprehensive study
of this important movement from its inception to the Peace of West-
phalia. Two hours weekly, first semester. Seniors. Elective.
Prof. Schaff.
33. Modern Church History, 1648 to 1900. The Counter-
Reformation; the development of modern rationalism and infidelity,
and progress of such movements as Wesleyanism and beginnings
of the social application of Christianity; Modern Missions; Tfac-
tarian Movement; the Modern Popes; the Vatican Council; tenden-
cies to Church Union. Two hours weekly, second semester. Seniors
and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Schaff.
34. Aiuerican Church History. The religious motives active
in the discovery and colonization of the New World: Roman Catho-
lic Missions in Canada and the South; the Puritans, — Roger Wil-
liams; Plantations; the planting of religion in Virginia, New York,
Maryland, Pennsylvania; the Great Awakening; Francis Makemie
and Early Presbyterianism; Organized Presbyterianism; the New
England Divinity; the German Churches; religion during the Revo-
lution; Methodism; the Unitarians and Universalists; the Ameri-
can Republic and Christianity; the Presbyterian Churches in the
19th century; Cooperative and Unionistic movements; Christian
literature and theological thought. Two hours weekly, first
semester. Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Schaff.
36. History of Presbyterianism. Its rise in Geneva; its de-
velopment in France, Holland, and Scotland; its planting and pro-
gress in the United States.
Systematic Theology and Apologetics
Dr. Snowden, Dr. Christie
37. Theology Proper. Sources of Theology; the Rule of
Faith; God knowable; the method applied to the study of System-
atic Theology; nature and attributes of God; the Trinity; the deity
47 (101)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
of Christ; the Holy Spirit, His person and relation to the Father
and the Son; the decrees of God. Two hours weekly throughout
the year. Juniors. Required. Prof. Snowden.
38. Apologetics. A study of the historic roots and develop-
ment of Christianity; tracing it in the Old Testament from Mosaism
to Prophetism and Judaism; through the New Testament, studying
Christ in his life and teaching and resurrection; Paul in his con-
version and theology; Primitive Christanity in the Apostolic
Church; the trustworthiness of the gospels; concluding with a study
of Christ as the Light of the world. One hour weekly throughout
the year. Juniors. Required. Prof. Snowden.
39. Anthropology, Ohristology, and the Doctrines of Grace.
Theories of the origin of man; the primitive state of man; the fall;
the covenant of grace; the person of Christ; the satisfaction of
Christ; theories of the atonement; the nature and extent of the
atonement; intercession of Christ; kingly office; the humiliation
and exaltation of Christ; effectual calling, regeneration, faith, justi-
fication, repentance, adoption, and sanctification; the law; the doc-
trine of the last things; the state of the soul after death; the resur-
rection; the second advent and its concomitants. Three hours
weekly throughout the year. Middlers. Required. Prof. Snowden.
41a. Philosophy of Religion. A thorough discussion of the
problems of theism and antitheistic theories; and a study of the
theology of Ritschl. One hour weekly throughout the year. Sen-
41b. The Psychology of Religion. A study of the religious
nature and activities of the soul in the light of recent psychology;
and a course in modern theories of the ultimate basis and nature
of religion. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors and
Graduates. Elective. Prof. Snowden.
iors and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Snowden.
Practical Theology
Dr. Farmer, Prof. Sleeth, Mr. Boyd
Including Homiletics, Pastoral Theology, Elocution, Church Music,
The Sacraments, and Chiu'ch Govei'nment.
On account of the resignation of Prof. Breed, and the transfer
of Prof. Farmer to this Department, there will naturally be some
changes in the work of the Department, affecting in the main not its
substance but its order of arrangement. But as it is difficult, on
account of the practical conditions affecting such alterations, to
make at the moment a full and definite statement of them, it has
been thought best to leave the description of the work of the De-
partment as it is, reserving for a future time the announcement of
such modifications as may be made.
A. Homiletics.
The course in Homiletics is designed to be strictly progressive,
keeping step with the work in other departments. Students are ad-
48 (102)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
vanced from the simpler exercises to the more abstruse as they
are prepared for this by their advance in exegesis and theology.
Certain books of special reference are used in the department
of Practical Theology, to which students are referred. Valuable new
books are constantly being added to the library, and special addi-
tions, in large numbers, have been made on subjects related to this
department, particularly Pedagogics, Bible-class Work, Sociology,
and Personal Evangelism.
42. Hyiniiologj^ The place of Sacred Poetry in history. An-
cient Hymns. Greek and Latin Hymns. German Hymns. Psalmody.
English Hymnology in its three periods. Proper use of Hymns
and Psalms in Public Worship. Text-book: Breed's "History and
Use of Hymns and Hymn-Tunes". One hour weekly, first semester.
Juniors. Required. Prof. Boyd. (See "Church Music")
43. Public Prayer. The Nature of Prayer — Private and Pub-
lic. Elements. Subjects. Materials. Prayer-books. Errors in
Public Prayer. Prayers of the Scriptures. The Lord's Prayer.
Lectures. Two hours per week for five weeks, second semester.
Juniors. Required. Prof. Farmer.
44. Public Reading of Scripture. Place of Scripture Read-
ing in Public Worship. Scriptural illustrations. Rules for selec-
tion and arrangement. Four comprehensive rules of Elocution.
Lectures. Six exercises, second semester. Juniors. Required.
Prof. Farmer. (See also "Elocution".)
45. Preparatory Homiletics. General survey of the Scriptures
for homiletical purposes. The Scriptures as a whole. Relation of
the different parts to each other. Nature of the various Covenants.
The Law. The Mission of Christ. The extension of the Gospel to
the Gentiles. Definition of Scripture terms commonly used in
preaching. Textual Analysis for homiletical purposes. Lectures.
Thirteen exercises, second semester. Juniors. Required. Prof.
Farmer. (See course 29.)
46. Homiletics Proper. Sermon construction. Argument,
Illustration, etc. Lectures on the Narrative Sermon, the Expository
Sermon, Sermons to Children, and Sermons in Courses. Text-book:
Breed's "Preparing to Preach". Lectures. Weekly exercises in
sermonizing, with criticism. Two hours weekly throughout the year.
Middlers. Required. Prof. Farmer.
47. Sacred Rhetoric. The Art of Securing Attention. The
Art of Extemporaneous Discourse. The prayer-meeting and prayer-
meeting talks. Pulpit Manners. Style. The Philosophy of Preach-
ing. Special Lectures on the Evangelistic Sermon, Special Sermon,
Illustrated Sermon, and Doctrinal Sermon. Weekly preaching m
the Chapel before the faculty, students, and others. One hour
weekly throughout the year. Seniors. Required. Prof. Farmer.
48. Pulpit Delivery and Drill. Members of the class meet the
professor in groups and are drilled individually. One hour weekly
throughout the year. Elective. Prof. Sleeth.
49. Evangelism. The pastor's personal and private work.
Individual work for individuals. Methods. Five exercises second
semester. Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Farmer.
49 (103)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
B. Elocution
50. Vocal Technique. Training of the voice. Practice of the
Art of Breathing. Mechanism of Speech. One hour weekly through-
out the year. Juniors. Required. Prof. Sleeth.
51. Oral Intei-pretation of the Scriptures. Reading from the
platform. One hour weekly throughout the year. Middlers. Elec-
tive. Prof. Sleeth.
52. Speaking, with special reference to enunciation, phrasing,
and modulation. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors.
Elective. Prof. Sleeth.
52a. Literary Appreciation. This subject is carried on
largely by interpretative oral readings from the great masterpieces
of English Literature by the professor in charge and also by the
students, on the principle that in no other way can a better compre-
hension of the subject be attained. To orally interpret is, in a
manner, to recreate. At times also there are running expository
remarks accompanying the readings. One hour weekly throughout
the year. All classes. Elective. Prof. Sleeth.
C. Church Music
The object of the course is primarily to instruct the student in
the practical use of desirable Church Music; after that, to acquaint
him, as far as is possible in a limited time, with good music in
general.
53. Hymn Tunes. History, Use, Practice. Text-book: Breed's
"History and Use of Hymns and Hymn-Tunes". One hour weekly,
first semester. Juniors. Required. Mr. Boyd.
54. Practical Church Music. Choirs, Organs, Sunday-School
Music, Special Musical Services, Congergational Music. Thorough
examination of tunes in the "Hymnal." One hour weekly. Juniors,
second semester; Middlers, entire year. Required. Mr. Boyd.
55. Musical Appreciation. Illustrations and Lectures. One
hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors. Elective. Mr. Boyd.
56. In alternate years, classes in vocal sight reading and choir
drill. Students who have sufficient musical experience are given
opportunity for practice in choir direction or organ playing. Anthem
selection and study. One hour weekly throughout the year. Open
to students of all classes. Elective. Mr. Boyd.
D. The Cecilia Choir
The Cecilia Choir is a mixed chorus of sixteen voices, with a
number of substitute singers. It was organized by Mr. Boyd to
illustrate the work of the Musical Department of the Seminary. It
is in attendance every Monday evening at the Senior Preaching
Service to lead in the singing and furnish model exercises in the use
of anthems in worship. Several concerts are given each year to
illustrate certain important principles; and an annual concert dur-
ing commencement week. Concerts are also given from time to
time in various churches.
50 (104)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
E. Poimenics.
57. Pastoral Theology. Scriptural Warrant. Nature of the
Office. Functions and Duties. Revivals. Professional Evangelism.
The Sunday-School. Benevolences. Reforms, etc. One hour week-
ly throughout the year. Seniors. Required. Prof. Farmer.
58. Religious Education. History, nature, and methods.
Catechetics, normal class work, and teacher training. Fifteen exer-
cises, first and second semesters. Lectures and books of reference.
Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Farmer.
F. The Sacraments
59. Relation of the Sacramental System to Doctilne and
Polity. Various Forms. Sacraments of the Old Testament. Sacra-
ments of the New Testament. Method of Administration. Sacra-
mental Services and Addresses. One hour weekly, first semester.
Middlers. Required. Prof. Farmer.
G. Church Government.
60. Relation of Goveniment to Doctrine. Various Forms.
Presbyterian Law. Presbyterian Discipline. Text-book: Moore's
Digest. Lectures. One hour v/eekly, second semester. Middlers.
Required. Prof. Farmer.
Christian Ethics and Sociology
Dk. Snowdeit, Dr. Farmer
61a. Christian Ethics. The Theory of Ethics considered con-
structively from the point of view of Christian Faith. One hour
weekly throughout the year. Seniors and graduates. Elective.
Dr. Snowden.
61b. The Social Teaching of the New Testament. This course
is based upon the belief that the teachings of the New Testament,
rightly interpreted and applied, afford ample guidance to the Chris-
tian Church in her efforts to meet the conditions and problems
which modern society presents. After an introductory discussion
of the social teaching of the Prophets and the condition and struc-
ture of society in the time of Christ, the course takes up the teach-
ing of Jesus as it bears upon the conditions and problems which
must be met in the task of establishing the Kingdom of God upon
the eaith, and concludes with a study of the application of Christ's
teaching to the social order of the Greece-Roman world set forth
In the Acts and the Epistles. One hour weekly throughout the year.
Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Parmer.
Missions and Comparative Religion
Dr. Kelso, Dr. Culley
The Edinburgh Missionary Council suggested certain special
studies for missionary candidates in addition to the regular Semi-
nary curriculum. These additional studies were Comparative
51 (105)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Religion, Phonetics, and the History and Methods of Missionary
Enterprise. Thorough courses in Comparative Religion and Phonet-
ics have been introduced into the curriculum, while a brief lecture
course on the third subject is given by various members of the
faculty. It is the purpose of the institution to develop this de-
partment more fully.
63. Modem Missions. A study of fields and modern methods;
each student is required either to read a missionary biography or
to investigate a missionary problem. One hour weekly, first semester.
Elective. Seniors and Graduates.
64. Lectures on Missions. In addition to the instruction
regularly given in the department of Church History, lectures on
Missions are delivered from time to time by able men who are
practically familiar with the work. The students have been ad-
dressed during the past year by several returned missionaries.
65 Comparative Religion. A study of the origin and de-
velopment of religion, with special investigation of Primitive Reli-
gion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Islam with regard to
their bearing on Modern Missions. Two hours weekly. Offered in
alternate years. (1921-22). Elective. Open to Middlers, Seniors,
and Graduates. Prof. Kelso.
68. Phonetics. A study of phonetics and the principles of
language with special reference to the mission field. One hour week-
ly throughout the year. Elective. Open to all classes. Asst. Prof.
Culley.
7b. Klementary Arabic. (See page 42)
Outline of Courses
REQUIRED STUDIES
Junior Glass
Hours
First Semester: Per Week
Hebrew . . 4
OT History 2
Life of Christ and His-
tory of NT Times ... 2
NT Greek 1
*NT Greek (elementary
course) 4
Church History 2
Apologetics 1
Theology 2
* Philosophy and Meta-
physics 2
Preparatory Homiletics 1
Elocution 1
Hymn Tunes 1
Hours
Second Semester: Per Week
Hebrew 4
Life of Christ and His-
tory of NT Times .... 2
NT Introduction 2
NT Greek 1
*NT Greek (elementary
course)
Church History 2
Apologetics 1
Theology 2
* Philosophy and Meta-
physics 2
Preparatory Homiletics . 2
Elocution
Church Music
Hymnology .
and
^Courses intended for students who are inadequately prepared.
52 (106)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Middle Class
OT Exegesis 2
OT History 2
NT Exegesis and Intro-
duction 1
Apostolic Age 1
Church History 3
Theology 3
Homiletics 2
Church Music 1
Senior Class
Homiletics 1
Pastoral Theology .... 1
NT Theology . . . '. 2
OT Prophecy 2
Introduction to the
Epistles 1
OT Exegesis 2
Apostolic Age 1
NT Exegesis and Intro-
duction 3
Church History 3
Theology 3
Homiletics 2
Church Music 1
Homiletics 1
Pastoral Theology .... 1
NT Theology 2
OT Prophecy 2
Introduction to the
Epistles 1
ELECTIVE STUDIES
Middle Class
OT Exegesis 1
OT Theology 2
Comparative -Religion . 2
Phonetics 1
Elocution 1
Music 1
OT Exegesis 1
OT Theology 2
Comparative Religion . 2
Phonetics 1
Elocution 1
Music 1
Senior and Graduate Classes
OT Exegesis 3
History of Doctrine ... 1
American Church His-
tory 1
Presbyterianism 1
Study of Special Doc-
trines 1
Psychology of Religion. 1
Philosophy of Religion . 1
Pulpit Drill 1
Religious Education ... 1
Modern Missions 1
Christian Ethics 1
Sociology 1
Social Teaching of NT. 1
Comparative Religion . 2
Elocution 1
Music 1
Biblical Aramaic 1
Elementary Arabic .... 1
Elementary Syriac .... 1
Elementary Assyrian . . 1
Phonetics 1
Sight Reading NT Greek 1
Septuagint Greek 1
OT Theology 2
OT Exegesis 3
Modern Church History 2
American Church His-
tory
Presbyterianism
Study of Special Doc-
trines
Psychology of Religion.
Philosophy of Religion.
Pulpit Drill
Personal Evangelism /
Pedagogics \
Christian Ethics 1
Sociology
Social Teaching of NT,
Comparative Religion
Elocution
Music
Biblical Aramaic 1
Elementary Arabic .... 1
Elementary Syriac .... 1
Elementary Assyrian . . 1
Phonetics 1
Sight Reading NT Greek 1
Septuagint Greek ... .1
OT Theology 2
53 (107)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Graduate Studies
The Seminary has the right to confer the degree of
Bachelor of Divinity. It will be bestowed on those stu-
dents who complete a fourth year of study.
This degree will be granted under the following con-
ditions :
(1) The applicant must have a Bachelor's de-
gree from a college of recognized standing.
(2) He must be a graduate of this or some
other theological seminary. In case he has gradu-
ated from another seminary, which does not require
Greek and Hebrew for its diploma, the candidate
must take in addition to the above requirements the
following courses: Hebrew, 1 and 3; New Testa-
ment, 13 and 14.
(3) He must be in residence at this Seminary
at least one academic year and complete courses
equivalent to twelve hours per week of regular cur-
riculum work.
(4) He shall be required to devote two-thirds
of said time to one subject, which will be called a
major, and the remainder to another subject termed
a minor.
In the department of the major he shall be re-
quired to write a thesis of not less than 4,000 words.
The subject of this thesis must be presented to the
professor at the head of this department for ap-
proval, not later than November 15th of the aca-
demic year at the close of which the degree is to be
conferred. By April 1st, a typewritten copy of this
thesis is to be in the hands of the professor for ex-
amination. At the close of the year he shall pass a
rigid examination in both major and minor subjects.
(5) Members of the senior class may receive
this degree, provided that they attain rank "A" in
all departments and complete the courses equivalent
54 (108)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
to such twelve hours of curriculum work, in addition
to the regular curriculum, which twelve hours of
w^ork may be distributed throughout the three years
course, upon consultation with the professors. All
other conditions as to major and minor subjects,
theses, etc., shall be the same as for graduate stu-
dents, exceiDt that in this case students must elect
their major and minor courses at the opening of the
middle year, and give notice October 1st of that year
that they expect to be candidates for this degree.
Relations with University of Pittsburgh
The post-graduate courses of the University of Pitts-
burgh are open to the students of the Seminary. The
A. M. degree will be conferred on students of the Sem-
inary who complete graduate courses of the University
requiring a minimum of three hours of work for two
years, and who prepare an acceptable thesis ; and, on ac-
count of the proximity of the University, all require-
ments for residence may be satisfied by those who desire
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
The following formal regulations have been adopted
by the Graduate Faculty of the University of Pittsburgh
with reference to the students of the Seminary who de-
sire to secure credits at the University.
1. That non-technical theological courses (i. e.,
those in linguistics, histor^^. Biblical literature, and
philosophy) be accepted for credit toward advanced
degrees in arts and sciences, under conditions de-
scribed in the succeeding paragraphs.
2. That no more than one-third of the total
number of credits required for the degrees of A. M.
or M. S. and Ph. D. be of the character referred to in
paragraph 1. In the case of the Master's degree,
this maximun credit can be given only to students in
55 (109)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the Western Theological Seminary and the Pitts-
burgh Theological Seminary.
3. That the acceptability of any course offered
for such credit be subject to the approval of the
Council. The Council shall, as a body or through
a committee, pass upon (1) the general merits of
the courses ottered; and (2) their relevancy to the
major selected by the candidate.
4. That the direction and supervision of the
candidate's courses shall be vested in the University
departments concerned.
5. That in every case in which the question of
the duplication of degree is raised, by reason of the
candidate's offering courses that have already been
credited toward the B. D. or other professional de-
gree in satisfaction of the requirements for advanced
degrees in arts and sciences, the matter of accepta-
bility of such courses shall be referred to a special
committee consisting of the head of the department
concerned and such other members of the Graduate
Faculty as the Dean may select.
6. That the full requirements as regards resi-
dence, knowledge of modern languages, theses, etc.,
of the University of Pittsburgh be exacted in the
case of candidates who may take advantage of these
privileges. In the case of the Western Theological
Seminary and the Pittsburgh Theological Seminary,
this paragraph shall not be interpreted to cancel
paragraph 2, that a maximum of one-third of the
total number of credits for the Master's degree may
be taken in the theological schools.
The minimum requirement for the Master's degree
is the equivalent of twelve hours throughout three terms,
or what we call thirty-six term hours. According to the
above resolutions a minimum of twenty-four term hours
should be taken at the University.
56 (110)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Fellowships and Prizes
1. Fellowships paying $500 each are assigned upon
graduation to the two members of the senior class who
have the best standing in all departments of the Semin-
ary curriculum, but to no one falling below an average of
8.5. It is offered to those who take the entire course of
three years in this institution. The recipient must
pledge himself to a year of post-graduate study at some
institution approved by the Faculty. He is required to
furnish quarterly reports of his progress. The money
will be paid in three equal installments on the first day
of October, January, and April. Prolonged absence
from the class-room in the discharge of extra-semmary
duties makes a student ineligible for the fellowship.*
2. The Michael Wilson Keith Memorial Homiletical
Prize of $100.00. This prize was founded in 1919 by the
Keith Bible Class of the First Presbyterian Church of
Coraopolis, Pa., by an endowment of two thousand
dollars in memory of the Rev. Michael Wilson Keith,
D. D., the founder of the class, and pastor of the church
from 1911 to 1917. This foundation was established in
grateful remembrance of his service to his country as
Chaplain of the 111th Infantry Regiment. He fell while
performing his duty at the front in France. It is
awarded to a member of the senior class who has spent
three years in this Seminary and has taken the highest
standing in the department of homiletics. The winner
of the prize is expected to preach in the First Presby-
terian Church of Coraopolis and teach the Keith Bible
Class one Sunday after the aM^ard is made.
3. A prize in Hebrew is offered to that member of
the junior class who maintains the highest standing
in this subject throughout the junior year. The prize
consists of a copy of the Oxford Hebrew-English Lexi-
*0n account of lack of funds only one fellowship will be
awarded until further notice.
57 (111)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
con, a copy of the latest English translation of Gesenius-
Kautzsch's Hebrew Grammar, or a copy of Davidson's
Hebrew Syntax, and a copy of the Hebrew Bible edited
by Kittel. '
4. All students reaching the grade ''A" in all de-
partments during the junior year will be entitled to a
prize of $50, which will be paid in four installments in
the middle year, provided that the recipient continues
to maintain the grade ''A" in all departments during the
middle year. Prizes of the same amount and under
similar conditions will be available for seniors, but no
student whose attendance is unsatisfactory will be eli-
gible to these prizes.
5. In May, 1914, Miss Anna M. Reed, of Cross
Creek, Pa., established a scholarship with an endowment
of three thousand dollars, to be known as the Andrew
Reed Scholarship, with the following conditions: The
income of this scholarship to be awarded to the student
who upon entering shall pass the best competitive exam-
ination in the English Bible; the successful competitor
to have the use of it throughout the entire course of
three years provided that his attendance and class stand-
ing continue to be satisfactory.*
6. In February 1919 Mrs. Robert A. Watson, of
Columbus, Ohio, established a prize with an endowment
of one thousand dollars, to be known as the John Watson
Prize in New Testament Greek.*
7. In September 1919 Mrs. Robert A. Watson, of
Columbus, Ohio, established a prize with an endowment
of one thousand dollars, to be lmo^^^l as the William B.
Watson Hebrew Prize.*
In July 1920, Mrs. Robert A. Watson, of Columbus,
Ohio, with an endowment of $1,000, established the
Joseph Watson Greek Prize, to be awarded to the stu-
*The income from this fund is not available at present.
58 (112)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
dent who passes the best examination in classical Greek
as he enters the junior class of the Seminary.*
8. Two entrance prizes of $150 each are offered by
the Seminary to college graduates presenting themselves
for admission to the junior class. The scholarships will
be awarded upon the basis of a competitive examination
subject to the following conditions:
(I) Candidates must, not later than September
first, indicate their intention to compete, and such state-
ment of their purpose must be accompanied by certifi-
cates of college standing and mention of subjects elected
for examination.
(II) Candidates must be graduates of high stand-
ing in the classical course of some accepted college or
university.
(III) The examinations will be conducted on
Thursday, Friday, and Saturday of the opening week of
the first semester.
(IV) The election of subjects for examination shall
be made from the following list: (1) Classical Greek
— Greek Grammar, translation of Greek prose, Greek
composition; (2) Latin — Latin Grammar, translation of
Latin prose, Latin composition; (3) Hebrew — Hebrew
Grammar, translation of Hebrew prose, Hebrew composi-
tion; (4) German — translation of German into English
and English into German; (5) French — ^translation of
French into English and English into French; (6) Philo-
sophy— (a) History of Philosophy, (b) Psychology,
(c) Ethics, (d) Metaphysics; (7) History — (a) Ancient
Oriental History, (b) Grseco-Eoman History to A. D.
476, (c) Medieval History to the Eeformation, (d)
Modern History.
(V) Each competitor shall elect from the above
list four subjects for examination, among which subjects
*The income from this fund is not available at present.
59 (113)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Greek shall always be included. Each division of Phil-
osophy and History shall be considered one subject. No
more than one subject in Philosophy and no more than
one subject in Histor^^ may be chosen by any one candi-
date.
(VI) The awards of the scholarships will be made
to the two competitors passing the most satisfactory ex-
aminations, provided their average does not fall below^
ninety per cent. The payment will be made in two in-
stallments, the first at the time the award is made, and
the second on April 1st. Failure to maintain a high
standard in classroom work or prolonged absence will
debar the recipients from receiving the second install-
ment.
The intention to compete for the prize scholarships
should be made known, in writing, to the President.
Lectureships
The Elliott Lectureship. The endo^vment for this
lectureship was raised by Prof. Robinson among the
alumni and friends of the Seminary as a memorial to
Prof. David Elliott, who served the institution from 1836
to 1874. Several distinguished scholars have delivered
lectures on this foundation : Rev. Professor Alexander
F. Mitchell, D. D., Principal Fairbairn, Rev. B. C. Henry,
D. D., Rev. J. S. Dennis, D. D., Prof. James Orr, D. D.,
Rev. Hugh Black, D. D., Rev. David Smith, D. D., Presi-
dent A. T. Ormond, and Rev. Prof. Samuel Angus, Ph. D.
The L. H. Severance Missionary Lectureship.
This lectureship has been endowed by the generous gift
of the late Mr. L. H. Severance, of Cleveland, Ohio. The
first course of lectures on this foundation w^as given dur-
ing the term of 1911-12, b}^ Mr. Edward Warren Capen,
Ph. D., of the Hartford School of Missions. His general
theme was ' ' Sociological Progress in Mission Lands. ' '
60 (114)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
The second course was given during the term of 1914-15
by the Eev. Arthur J. Brown, D. D. ; his subject was
"The Rising Churches in the Mission Field." The third
course was given during the term 1915-16, by the Rev.
8. G. Wilson, D. D. ; his subject was '^ Modern Movements
among Moslems." The fourth course (postponed from
the term 1916-17) was given in October, 1917, b}^ the Rev.
A. A¥oodruff Halsey, D. D. ; his subject was "The Minis-
try and Missions." The fifth course w^as given in Janu-
ary, 1918, by the Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D. D., LL. D.,
C. I. E. ; his subject was "Some Developments of Religi-
ous Thought in India." The sixth course was given in
September, 1919, by the Rev. Robert F. Fitch, D. D. ;
the general theme of his lectures was "Aspects of Chris-
tion Missions in China."
The Robekt A. Watson Memorial Lectureship.
This lectureship was endowed in May, 1918, by Mrs.
Janet I. Watson, of Columbus, Ohio, as a memorial to
lier husband, Rev. Robert A. Watson, D. D., a graduate
of the Seminarv class of 1874.*
Seminary Extension Lectures
In recent years a new departure in the work of the
Seminary has been the organization of Seminary Exten-
sion courses. Since the organization of this Avork the
following courses of lectures have been given in various
city and suburban churches :
(1) "The Sacraments," four lectures, bv Rev.
David R. Breed, D. D., LL. D.
(2) "Social Teaching of the New Testament,"
six lectures, by Rev. William R. Farmer, D. D.
(3) "Theology of the Psalter", four lectures, by
President Kelso.
*The income from this fund is not available at present.
61 (115)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
(4) "Prophecy and Prophets", four lectures, by
President Kelso.
(5) "The Fundamentals of Christianity", five
lectures, by Rev. James H. Snowden, D. D., LL. D.
(6) "The Psychology of Religion," five lectures,
by Rev. James H. Snowden, D. D., LL. D.
(7) "The Personality of God", five lectures, by
Rev, James H. Snowden, D. D., LL. D.
62 (116)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
ALUMNI ASSOCIATION
OFIPICERS FOR 1920-21
Pi-esident
The REV. GEO. L. GLUNT
Class of 1911
Vice-President
The REV. JOHN L. PROUDFIT
Class of 1898
Secretary
The REV. THOS. C. PEARS, Jr.
Class of 1910
Recording' Secretary and Treasirrer
The REV. R. H. ALLEN, D. D.
Class of 1900
EXECUTIA^E COMMITTEE
The REV. J. A. KELSO, Ph.D., D. D
Class of 1896
The REV. S. B. McCORMICK, D.D., LL.D.
Class of 1890
The REV. J. S. AXTELL, Ph.D., D.D.
Class of 1874
The REV. U. S. GREVES
Class of 1895
The REV. W. S. BINGHAM
Class of 1908
The REV. W. A. JONES, D.D.
Class of 1889
NECROLOGICAL COMMITTEE
The REV. C. S. McCLELLAND, D.D.
The REV. J. A. KELSO, Ph.D., D.D.
63 (117)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
DIRECTORY
Assistant to Librarian .... A. L. Middler M
Director D President Pres
Fellow . F Professor Prof.
Graduate G Registrar R
Instructor I Secretary Sec.
Junior . J Senior S
Lecturer Lee. Trustee T
Librarian L
Acheson, Pres. J. C, LL.D D Woodland Road
Alexander, Rev. Maltland, D. D. . D 920 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Anderson, Rev. T. B., D. D D Beaver Falls, Pa.
Angus, Rev. S., D.D Prof Sydney, Australia
Bamford, G. K S 988 Greenfield Ave.
Barbour, C. E M 718 N. St. Clair St.
Behrends, A. D J 216
Bingham, Rev. J. G F Mercer, Pa.
Boyd. Charles N 1 4259 Fifth Ave.
Brandon, W. D D Butler, Pa.
Breed, Rev. D. R., D. D., LL. D . . . Prof 123 Dithridge St.
Bruce, Rev. J. C, D. D D. .156 Fifth Ave., New York City
Buczak, Leon S 303
Campbell, R. D T 6210 Walnut St.
Campbell, Rev. W. O., D. D D Sewickley, Pa.
Carpenter, J. McF .T Frick Annex
Christie, Rev. Robt., D. D., LL. D. Prof 1002 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Clemson, D. M T Carnegie Building
Cox, J. M J 205
Craig, Rev. W. R D Butler, Pa.
Crutehfleld, J. S D 2034 Penn Ave.
Culley, Rev. D. E., Ph. D Prof. & R. 1140 Pemberton Ave..
N. S.
D'Aliberti, Rev. Alfied G 707 Lincoln Ave.
Steubenville.O.
Dickson, C. A T 316 Fourth Ave.
Duff, Rev. J. M., D. D Sec. of D Carnegie, Pa.
Bakin, Rev. Frank I. & L 335 Forest Ave.,
Ben Avon, Pa.
Edwards, Geo. D T . .c/o Commonwealth Trust Co.
Blterich, Rev. W. O G 919 Union Ave. N. S,
Farmer, Rev. W. R., D. D Prof 1020 Western Ave., N. S.
Fisher, Rev. S. J., D. D Sec. of T 5611 Kentucky Ave.
Fulton, A. F M Belle Vernon, Pa.
Galbraith, L. A M 302
George, Rev. A. H G 315
Gibson, E. L M 306
Gibson, Rev. J. T., D. D D Martin Bldg., N. S.
Gregg, John R V-Pres. of T Woodland Road
64 (118)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Hamill, Daniel M Glenfield, Pa.
Hamilton, Rev. J. A G 305
Hanna, Chas. N D 5761 Bartlett St.
Harbison, R. W D. & T Sewicklej', Pa.
Hazlett, C. H J 20a
Hays, Rev. C. C, D. D Pies, of D Johnstown, Pa.
Henry, R. H S 202
Herron, Joseph A T Monongahela City, Pa.
Higglns, Miss Sara M A. L Glenshaw, Pa.
Higley, Rev. A. P., D. D D Cleveland, Ohio
Hinitt, Rev. F. W., D. D D Indiana, Pa.
Hofnaeister, R. C F Oakmont, Pa.
Holland, Rev. W. J., D. D D 5440 Forbes Ave.
Hudnut, Rev. Wm. H., D. D D Youngstown, Ohio
Hudock. A.J S 218
Jones. Rev. W. A., D. D T 13 6 Orchard St.
Kay, James I T 5545 Forbes St.
Kelso, Rev. J. A., Ph. D., D. D Pres 725 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Kennedy, Rev. D. S., D. D D Witherspoon Bldg.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Kerr ,Rev. H. T. D. D D 827 Amberson Ave.
Krlvulka, C. J S .Box 117, Pittock, Pa.
Leister, J. M J Trafford, Pa.
Leypoldt, F. C S 217
*Lloyd, D. McK T 208 S. Linden Ave.
Lloyd, John J 848 N-Lincoln Ave., N. S.
Logan, Geo. B D. & Pres. of T .... 1007 Lyndale
Ave., N. S.
Luccock, Rev. G. N., D. D D Wooster, Ohio
Lyon. John G T Commonwealth Bldg.
McCammon, L. L J 204
McClintock, Oliver T. . . . Ellsworth & Emerson Aves.
McCloskey, T. D D Oliver Bldg.
McCormick. Rev. S. B., D. D D. . . .c/o University of Pittsburgh
McEwan, Rev. W. L., D. D J3 836 S. Negley Ave.
McFadden, Rev. H. T G 315
Marquis, Rev. J. A., D. D D Hendrick-Hudson Apts.
W. 110th St., New York City
Martin. James J 206
Marvin, S. S T Bryn Mawr, Pa.
Mayne, James F 15 Viewforth Sq.
Edinburgh, Scotland.
Mealy, Rev. J. M., D. D D Sewickley, Pa.
Mellin, W. C M 318
Merker, R. K M 1500 Beaver Ave., N. S.
Millei, J. F D 206 Waldorf St., N. S.
Miller, R. F F Cochranton, Pa.
Millinger, W. H M 5213 Friendship i^ve.,
Moser, W- L S 302
Murray. B. A J 318
* Deceased
65 (119)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Neal, S. G M 205
Nordlander, Rev. E. J G 305
Owen, William J. . . . 841 N. Lincoln Ave., N. S.
Porter, R. W . M 309
Potter, Rev. J. M., D. D D Wheeling, W. Va.
Rae, James D 801 Penn Ave.
Ramsey, Rev. L. J G 527 Lovelace St., W. E.
Read, Miss Margaret M Sec. to Pres 51 Chestnut St.,
Grafton, Pa.
Rivard, E. A M 304
Roberts, R. L J 206
Robinson, A. C D. & T Sewickley, Pa.
Robinson, Rev. J. Millen, D. D. . . D Wellsburg, W. Va.
Robinson, William M T Carnegie Bldg.
Rupp, Rev. J. C S Wall, Pa.
Say, Rev. D. L G Cross Creek, Pa.
Schaff, Rev. D. S., D. D Prof 737 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Schmale, Rev. T. R G 506 Lockhart St., N. S.
Semple, Rev. Samuel, D. D D Titusville, Pa.
Shaw, Wilson A D. & T. . .c/o Bank of Pitts., N. A.
Shrom, Rev. W. P., D. D D Coraopolis, Pa.
Sleeth, George M I. . . .749 River Road, Avalon, Pa.
Slemmons, Rev. W. E., D. D D Washington, Pa.
Smith, Rev. J. Kinsey, D. D V.-Pres. of D.. .812 St. James St.,
Sneed, Rev. F. W., D. D T 5633 Elgin Ave.
Snowden, Rev. J. H., D. D Prof 723 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Spence, Rev. W. H., D. D D Uniontown, Pa.
Sprague, P. S G 217
Stevenson, Rev. W. P., D. D D. Maryville, Tenn.
Swoyer, Rev. G. E G 1112 High St.. N. S.
Taylor, Rev. George, Jr., Ph. D. . D Wilkinsburg. Pa.
Tomasula, John G 316
Wardrop, Robert T c/o Peoples National Bank
Warnshuis, P. L M 203
Weir, Rev. W. F., D. D D Wooster, Ohio
Weisz, A. B S 26 Elm Lane. Etna, Pa.
Welenteichick, J. J s 317
Wheeland, Rev. C. R P 4045 N- Wheeler Ave..
Chicago, 111.
Willoughby, J. W M 306
Wissinger, H. L j Murrysville. Pa.
66 (120)'
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Index
Admission, Terms of 23
Alumni Association 63
Awards 1 ]
Bequests 36
Boarding • ■ 34
Book Purchasing Memorial Fund 32
Buildings 19
Calendar • • '6
Cecilia Choir, The 50
Christian Work • • 28
Conference • • 27
Courses of Study 41
Biblical Theology 46
Christian Ethics • ■ . . 51
Church History • • . . . 46
English Bible 46
Hebrew Language and O. T. Literature 42
Missions and Comparative Religion 51
New Testament Literature and Exegesis 44
Practical Theology, Department of 48
Homiletics, Pastoral Theology, Sacred Rhetoric, Elocution
Church Music, The Sacraments, Church Government
Semitic Languages 42
Sociology 61
Systematic Theology and Apologetics 47
Degree, Bachelor of Divinity 54
Dining Hall 22
Diplomas 26
Directors, Board of 6
Directory 64
Examinations 25
Expenses 34
Extension Lectures 61
Faculty K
Committees of 9
Fellowships 57
Funds, Special • • 40
Gifts and Bequests 36
Graduate Students 25
Graduate Studies and Courses 54
Gymnasium 34
Historical Sketch 18
Lectures :
Elliott 60
Extension 61
On Missions ■ • 52
L. H Severance , 60
Robert A Watson Memorial 61
List of ■ ■ • 10
Library • ■ 30
Loan Funds 35
Location 18
Outline of Courses 52
Physical Training 34
Preaching Service 27
Preaching Supply, Bureau of • • 29
Presbyteries, Reports to 38
Prizes • ■ 57
Religious Exercises 26
Representation, College and State • ■ 16
Schedule of Lectures and Recitations 67
Scholarship Aid 34
Scholarships, List of 38
Seminary Year 25
Social Hall 22
Student Organizations • • 17
Students, Roll of 12
Students from other Seminaries 25
Trustees, Board of 4
University of Pittsburgh, Relations with 55
Warrington Memorial Library 30
Y. M. C. A ■ • ^ 28
Committees of T 17
69 (123)
THE BULLETIN
OF THE
Westepn Theological Seminary
A Revie^v Devoted to the Interests or
Xneological Education
Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October, by the
Trustees of the Western Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church
in the United States of America.
Edited by the President with the co-operation of the Faculty.
Page
Pittsburgh as a Social Center 5
Charles C. Cooper
Literature 9
Alumniana 2 3
Necrology 2 7
Communications for the Editor and all business matters should be
addressed to
REV. JAMES A. KELSO,
731 Ridge Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
75 cents a year. Single Number 25 cents.
Each author is solely responsible for the views expressed in his article.
Entered as second-class matter December 9, 1909, at the postoffice at Pittsburgh, Pa.
(North Diamond Station) under the act of August 24, 1912.
Press of
pittsburgh printing company
pittsburgh, pa,
1921
Faculty
The Rev. JAMES A. KELSO, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President and Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature
The Nathaniel W. Conkling Foundation
The Rev. ROBERT CHRISTIE, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Apologetics
The Rev. DAVID RIDDLE BREED, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Homiletics
The Rev. DAVID S. SCHAFF, D. D.
Professor of Ecclesiastical History and History of Doctrine
The Rev. WILLIAM R. FARMER, D. D.
Reunion Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution
The Rev. JAMES H. SNOWDEN, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Systematic Theology
The Rev. SELBY FRAME VANCE, D. D., LL. D.
Memorial Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. DAVID E. CULLEY, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor of Hebrew
The Rev. FRANK EAKIN, B. D.
Instructor in New Testament Greek and Librarian
Prof. GEORGE M. SLEETH
Instructor in Elocution
Mr. CHARLES N. BOYD
Instructor in Music
3 (129)
The Bui lei in
— of me —
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
Volume XIII. April, 1921. No. 3
Pittsburgh as a Social Center.
Mr. Charles C. Cooper
The Pittsburgh District offers a good field for volun-
teer social Avork for students. If the full value of this
service, however, is to be obtained there must be some
plan upon the part of each student.
It is suggested that the first year be given over large-
ly to an intimate first-hand study and visit to the agencies
and institutions engaged in welfare or social work. The
Cooperative Welfare Federation, Union Arcade, is an
agency of agencies and its executive is in a position to
assist students in making such study.
During the second year the students should link
them_selves up to some institution or agency for actual
service in routine w^ork. Every successful pastor neces-
sarily must face these social problems and a knowledge
as to the method of handling such work will save him
much time and energy.
There is a large field here for him to draw from.
The student should receive training somewhat similar
to that obtained by an interne physician in a hospital.
More and more is this hospital training being demanded
by physicians; and more and more for the same reason
is training in the technic and method of social institu-
tions necessary to the clergyman.
Along the general line of family rehabilitation th-j
Associated Charities, Fulton Building, is ready and anx-
5 (131)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
ions to receive students as volunteers or friendly visitors.
This association is also anxious that theological semi-
nary students should become members of their district
case conferences, whereby they will be brought directly
in contact with concrete family cases that are up for dis-
cussion.
The Association for the Improvement of the Poor,
428 Duquesne Way, is a large relief association and is
ready to receive volunteer service similar to that of the
Associated Charities.
The Juvenile Court, through the probation officer,
is also ready to serve theological seminary students in
the particular angle of work in which they are engaged.
The Children's Service Bureau, B. F. Jones Build-
ing, is engaged in problems relating to children. They
can use volunteer Avorkers in various lines, especially in
their department of juvenile protective work.
The Morals Court, Judge Tensard DeWolfe, Cherry
Way, is eager to receive volunteer service along the line
of the Big Brother movement. Delinquent boys are
placed out under the care of these volunteer workers.
The settlement houses, however, always have been
places where the volunteer can gain a broad and compre-
hensive view of social work. The settlement houses are
always located in neighborhoods needing higher stand-
ards of living and the staff of workers reside in the
settlement house itself. It becomes a central neighbor-
hood clearing house for service. Residence and service
in a settlement house therefore offers more nearly the
same training that a physician receives in the hospital.
This training does not simply consist in the care of a
boys' or girls' club, but is obtained rather by absorption
in the general discussion of problems of life, a daily mat-
ter of routine in the settlement house.
Woods Run Settlement House, 5 Petrel Street, and
Sarah Heinz House, East Ohio and Heinz Streets, are in
the same section of the city as the Seminary and would
be glad to use volunteer student Avorkers.
6 (132)
Pittshurgh as a Social Center
The Community House, 801 Union Avenue, and the
Soho Community House, 2402 Fifth Avenue, are also
ready to receive students as volunteer workers.
The Phoebe Brashear Settlement is a new settlement
house at 23 Holt Street, North Side. This is rather re-
mote from the seminary, but students from this section
of the city should bear it in mind.
For students interested in colored work, the Morgan
Community House, Fullerton and Bedford Avenues, of-
fers a wide field for service.
The Spring Garden Neighborhood House, 1255
Spring Garden Avenue, and Trinity Temple, 25th and
Smallman Streets, are places where there are many set-
tlement activities conducted with a distinctly religious
background.
The Irene Kaufmann Settlement is a large Jewish
settlement, 1835 Center Avenue, well equipped for train-
ing and ready to receive volunteers.
The Kingsley House, operated by the Kingsley As-
sociation, Inc., with main office at 43 Fernando Street,
has recently moved to the Italian section of East Liberty,
giving over its old property at Fullerton and Bedford
for colored settlement work under the Morgan Communi-
ty House. Kingsley House is the oldest settlement
house in Pittsburgh, being some twenty-seven years old.
It has always handled a large number of volunteer work-
ers and is prepared to receive any number of students.
The Kingsley Association also operates a fresh air
camp during the summer and a convalescent hospital dur-
ing the entire year, both at Valencia, Pa. Volunteer serv-
ice can be rendered with both of these institutions.
The sociology department of the University of Pitts-
burgh and of the Margaret Morrison school cordially in-
vite seminary students to come to their classes and lec-
tures either as class members or as auditors.
The Humane Society, 832 Bigelow Boulevard, is also
prepared to render students service in the matter of train-
ing. Under the Pennsylvania laws, certain cases of in-
7 (133)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
humane or neglectful treatment of children can be
reached through the Humane Society and an understand-
ing of these laws and the method of applying them is
worth while.
The students desiring to become medical missionaries
are urged to attend and study the different public dis-
IDensaries in the city and the w^ork of the visiting nurses.
Many of the dispensaries in the city are connected with
the different hospitals and the greater portion of the
visiting nurse work is now conducted under the direction
of the Pittsburgh Public Health Nursing Association.
There are many other agencies, in fact several hun-
dred, for human betterment in the City of Pittsburgli.
Students desiring to specialize along any particular line
will find that such agencies gladly appreciate volunteer
service.
Toward the latter part of the students' seminary
course and after they have passed through the two sug-
gested phases of social study, it is strongly recom-
mended that they make some independent survey
under the settlement house or larger agencies for social
welfare. This study or survey will give the student some
idea of the necessity and method for a careful under-
standing of the social facts in a given community or
about a given problem. The intelligent clergyman of the
future will be a man who understands the significant
social facts of his own locality.
The field of social endeavor and the field of the
Church are very closely related. Religion is the great
motif for most of this service, but in modern civilization
the social problems are very complex and intricate. Their
solution has forced the evolution of certain methods and
technic with which the future clergyman should become
familiar.
Kingsley House,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
8 (134)
Literature
A History of the Hebrew Commonwealth. By Albert E. Bailey and
Charles Poster Kent. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons,
1920. $2.00.
The story of the rise and fall of the Hebrew people is a nar-
rative of perennial interest and many able writers have told and
retold it; it is a story that never grows old. Its telling has long
been a specialty with Professor Charles Foster Kent, one of the 1oint
authors of the present volume. He published his "Outlines of
Hebrew History" in 189 5 and since that time many volumes have
come from his pen presenting some phase of the great story of
Israel's progress or decline. A few of these volumes Professoi
Kent has published in collaboration with other writers, and it is
among the latter that the volume under review falls. The joint
author in the present instance is Mr. Albert E. Bailey, a well-known
lecturer, author, and educator. How the work was divided, or
which part fell to which collaborator, we are not informed. The
book was completed in 1919 and was copyrighted in 192 0.
The aim of the authors was not to treat Hebrew history at
length or in any way approaching an exhaustive fashion. Such
a work, which would utilize the vast store of material which modern
research and excavation have made available, is indeed greatly
needed in the English speaking world. But our authors have not
had before them any such ambitious goal in the present under-
taking. They have rather set out to present an outline in the
form best adapted for study in "colleges, secondary schools, and
intermediate classes." And considered in the light of this their aim,
the work must be held to be well done and the volume highly to
be recommended to those looking for a history of the Hebrews in
outline whether for class-room purposes, for review work, or for
general reading. The style throughout is clear and flowing. The
narrative never halts but moves forward with measured rhythm
through century after century until the period is reached when
organized Judaism was broken up and the "long, long exile," ex-
tending to the present age began. The interest of the reader,
too, captured in chapter I, never wanes until the last paragraph of
the book is reached, a paragraph dealing with General Allenby's
peace proclamation, delivered in Jerusalem in December, 1917,
and read "from the very pretorium where the Tenth Legion of
Hadrian once encamped to enforce exile upon the Jewish race."
I shall not attempt to indicate even the general content of
the thirty-three chapters of the book. Suffice it to say that the
chapter headings are well chosen; the chapters are brief and the
content of each paragraph is made to stand out by a pertinent,
phase printed in heavy black type at the opening of the paragraph.
In addition to the general character of the book, one or two
special features are of importance. The first of these is the mat-
ter of the book's pictorial illustrations. Not only are they abun-
dant, but have been chosen with great care and skill. They have
been gathered mainly from recent contributions of archseology
and have been interspersed through the volume in a manner that
9 (135)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
has contributed effectively to illumine and lighten the pages of
the narrative and stimulate interest in it. The value of the work
to the average reader has, no doubt, been greatly enhanced by
this feature of it.
Of importance also will be found the many suggestions for de-
tailed study offered in outline in the appendix. To the student
especially who desires to carry on individual studies in Israel's
history will these suggestions prove welcome and helpful.
Historical works nowadays are frequently accompanied by good
maps. And this practice has been followed in the present work
also and that with considerable benefit, as the authors have furnished
a choice collection. It consists of a series of twenty-nine small maps,
mostly two to the page and often well colored, arranged to em-
phasize and cause to stand out in relief many of the salient facts
of the history, and will undoubtedly prove helpful and suggestive
to the student, the individual maps being well arranged and all of
them easily accessible for reference.
The book has certain unsatisfactory features of course. What
book has escaped them? It is to be regretted, for example, that
the authors do not find any facts of Hebrew history worth report-
ing in any period antedating the Exodus. This seems especially
unfortunate in view of the character of the readers whom the book
is designed to serve.
Or, again, it seems unfortunate that it was found advisable
to state as unquestioned facts certain conclusions of modern scholar-
ship which of necessity must remain in the realm of hypothesis.
Perhaps such procedure could not well be avoided in a book of
such brief compass, yet one wonders whether a less sure attitude
in some instances would not have served a better purpose.
These features, however, although they may be unfortunate,
are of no great importance measured in the light of the general
excellence of the book; and excellent it must be judged to be,
the best short history indeed of the Hebrew people which has yet
been published a'nd it will no doubt be well received as it deserves
to be and will serve a well defined purpose as a text book in its
particular sphere.
DAVID E. CULLEY
Life and Letters of St. Paul. By Rev. Prof. David Smith, New
York: George H. Doran Company, 1920. $7.00.
Dr. Smith, the author of this book, is perhaps the greatest
living historical exegete of New Testament thought. In this
present work he has erected a monumental testimony to his name
and has placed the Church universal as a debtor at his feet. It
is a companion to his book "The Days of His Flesh," though in
some ways a greater work. It contains over seven hundred pages
of useful information and clear exegesis comprising the life, the
passion, and the letters of the Apostle Paul, together with something
of the social ideals, the ecclesiastical problems, and political ambi-
tions of the people among whom he moved. Each letter of the
Apostle is translated anew in such a way as to give an interpreta-
tion of the unusual phrases and passages in a splendid manner.
In addition to the translation there appears, as foot-notes, a com-
mentary which illustrates the difficult words or phrases and in-
10 (136)
Literature
dicates the social customs involved. To read this life, which is
so beautifully written by a sympathetic soul who has woven the
letters into the life in such a convincing way, is like following
a running brook along which we walk with some great naturalist
who points out along the way the beauties that are discovered
with each new bend in the stream, and who reveals to us the se-
cret of its mission to the world of vegetation and men. Thus in
a very real way, for all practical purposes of the minister, this book
is the best introduction in print for that portion of the New
Testament thought which it covers. It leads the reader into an
intelligent understanding of the problems underlying that period of
the early history of the Christian Church.
Dr. Smith has worked for thirteen years in the production of
this book and there is a deep reason why it should be commended.
Its mark of original departure is the outstanding note of the work.
Other introductions of the New Testament are largely a compilation
of the conclusions of what scholars have suggested, but Dr. Smith
ha« done virgin work and each page discloses the thoroughness
and freshness of a new way. He tells us in the preface that he
is endeavoring "to portray St. Paul as he has perceived him dur-
ing long years of loving and delightful study of the sacred memories
of his life and labor mentioning the views of others only as they
perve to illustrate and confirm his own." The secret of his suc-
cess lies in the fact that he possesses a qualification which is
'acking in a large bulk of all writings on the Bible. It is the equip-
ment of a sympathetic appreciation of the life and conditions in
which the Apostle lived, together with the motives which urged
him on. No one can read this book without realizing that the
literature and history of that first century, the social customs and
practices of the people especially those in the cities where Paul
labored, the peculiar problems and bent of thought of that section
of the world together with the antagonisms arising out of their
contact with the Christian doctrine, the personal aims and ambi-
tions of the political and ecclesiastical leaders of that time, and
a fine appreciation o^ the soul of the Apostle have become second
nature to this author who is steeped in them. They have becomo
flesh and blood in his thinking, so that they arise in his mind as
naturally as the conditions of the people with whom he now lives.
Thus it is like the voice of one writing in the first century and
preserved for us through these years. It has endowed him with
the two great requisites as an interpreter, the historical and the
sociological sense. He is able to project himself into the day?
and struggles of those people of the early church and understand
the burning passion and inner life of the Apostle. No other writer
in the New Testament field has this qualification so highly developed.
If we compare it with Dr. Moffatt's discussion of the Pauline let-
ters as they appear in his Introduction we find tnat Moffatt's
discussions lack color, passion, and the fine appreciation of the
living struggles in the problems; and his scholastically critical
angle has closed his eyes to many of the fine touches of interpre-
tation which we find in this work of Dr. David Smith.
There is no space in this short review to enter into a dis-
cussion of Dr. Smith's theory about the historical problem based
on Luke's intention to write a third chapter on "the origin and pro-
gress of Christian faith," which would carry on the events from
the closing scenes in the book of Acts to the death of the Apostle
11 (137)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Paul; or to analyze his conclusions for locating the several letters
and the places from which they were written. Suffice it to say
he has very beautifully and convincingly dovetailed them into the
activities of the Apostle and we are carried along without any de-
sire to resist. One interesting passage shows that Luke's first
association with Paul was after he was stricken with malaria in
Pamphylia during his first missionary journey. It was in his stay
at Pisidian Antioch we have this report. "Paul reached Antioch
in a, piteous plight, enfeebled by sickness and spent by the fatigue
of his painful passage of the Taurus; and it was impossible for
him to address himself immediately to the work of evangelization.
He was, however, fortunate in his new surroundings. The city
stood some three thousand six hundred feet above the sea-level,
and the brisk air allayed his fever and repaired his wasted vigour.
Nor did he lack the precious succour of human sympathy. He was
indeed confined to his lodging, but Barnabas went abroad. He
would talk of the Gospel, and his gracious bearing would win him
good will -and prompt a kindly interest in his suffering comrade
One friend above all was raised up in those dark days; and this
was the physician Luke. He was a Greek, and later tradition
says that he was a proselyte to Judaism; but this is refuted by
the fact that he was uncircumcised, and the probability is that he
belonged to that interesting class, the 'God-fearers,' those pious
Gentiles who, dissatisfied with their heathen religion and attracted
by the pure ideals of the Jewish Faith, attached themselves to
<.ho Synagogue and shared its worship without submitting to the
ceremonial rites of the Mosaic Law. He was summoned to the
^.nvalid's couch; and as he ministered to his bodily infirmity, he
heard from his lips the blessed secret which his heart had been
craving. Thenceforward he was the Apostle's dearest disciple, and
the Church owes him not only the gracious Gospel which bears
hij name and breathes his Master's spirit, but the book of Acts,
that precious record of the heroic ministry in which he bore so
large a part."
We wish there were space enough to describe the Apostle's
practice to take "the pen from his amanuensis at the close of his
letters and write the final benediction with his own hand in his
characteristic and unmistakable style." We give just one example,
that of the letter to the Colossians during his first imprisonment.
After his dictation was finished he took the pen from Timothy,
his amanuensis, and added his sign-manual: "His writing was un-
gainly at the best, and it was none improved by the fetter dangling
from his wrist; and he surveyed the sprawling characters with a
smile and inserted a pathetic apology: 'Remember my bonds.' "
There are many other things arising in our mind which would be
interesting to the reader, but only the perusal of the book itself
can make those things an intelligent possession.
Let me quote two examples 6f his exegesis which seem to
be typical of the book and to explain his general attitude towards
the subject. The first is about the Antichrist. "It hardly admits
of question that the Antichrist was, in the Apostle's
thought, no mere impersonation of the principle of evil but an
actual person. Not only does he style him 'the Man of Lawless-
ness,' 'the Son of Ruin,' 'the Lawless One,' but he represents
his appearing as 'a revelation' and 'an advent' in precise analogy
with the revelation and advent of the Lord. Here, however, his
12 (138)
Literature
definition ceases. Who the Antichrist would be he neither indi-
cates nor professes to know. His identification was reserved for
later generations, and each recognised him as a present enemy
of God and the Gospel It was thus natural that the Chris-
tians should recognise Nero as the Enemy of God and expect
that he would reappear and inaugurate the final conflict; and
this is St. John's doctrine of the Antichrist in the Book of Revela-
tion." The other is in connection with the Evangelic Tradition.
"The Oral Tradition was the Church's most precious possession,
and the task of its conservation was always supremely important,
demanding scrupulous fidelity; but the appearance of those legend-
mongers constituted an unprecedented menace and demanded ten-
fold vigilance, lest corruptions should steal in. And hence the
Pastorals abound in importunate warnings and novel definitions.
They speak of 'the healthful Discipline' in contrast with 'the Disci-
plines of demons,' 'the genuine Discipline' in contrast with 'the pro-
fane and old-wiflsh fables' of the heretical teachers, 'the Discipline
which is the norm of religion.' And they call the sacred treasure by a
significant name — 'the deposit,' 'the genuine deposit.' This is a
banker's term; and the idea is that the Evangelic Tradition was
a precious trust which amid the corrupting influences of the time
must be sedulously guarded, preserved inviolate, and transmitted
unimpaired. 'O Timothy,' pleads the Apostle, 'guard the Deposit,
shunning the profane babblings and incongruities of the "Knowl-
edge" (gnosis) so falsely named'; and again: 'The genuine Deposit
guard through the Holy Spirit who dwells within us.' The Oral
Tradition was 'the genuine Deposit ' and its commixture with those
base counterfeits, the Gnostic fables, was the danger of the hour.
And here lies the crowning evidence of the apostolic date of the
Pastorals. Once the Tradition had been committed to writing,
the Church possessed an authoritative record of the sayings and
doings of her Lord in the days of His flesh; and their solicitude
for the inviolate conservation of the Tradition demonstrates that
the Pastorals were written ere the appearance of our Gospels. The
earliest of these is the Gospel according to St. Mark; and if, as
seems certain, it was composed shortly before the fall of Jerusalem
in the year 70, then the Pastorals were written just before it in
the extremity of the Church's need."
If there be one practice which, we believe, has teen over-
stressed in this book it is his method of creating history. The
principle which he follows is the deduction of the particular from
the general. For example, from the argument that marriage among
the Jews was a sacred obligation, that its neglect was considered
a crime, that to be childless was to slay his posterity and thus
"lessen the image of God," and that the Sanhedrin of which he
was a member had as one of its qualifications not only a married
man but a father, Dr. Smith argues that Paul was married but
that his wife and the child born into his home had died, and that
Paul remained a widower. In all probability there is an element
of guess work in such a creation. It is interesting and perhaps
has in it some element of truth, but, as in such organizations
to-day where the exception proves the rule, there may have been
such instances in the days of Paul. This is an example of a general
method which runs throughout his history.
We find no hesitancy in commending this book as a friend
and companion to every Christian minister and layman. Certainly
13 (139)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
no man in the pulpit can feel that he has completed his investiga-
tion of the passage upon which he is preaching from the life aqd
letters of St. Paul without consulting in a sympathetic way this
late book of Dr. David Smith.
GEORGE TAYLOR. Jr., '10
Wilkinsburg, Pa.
The Pharisees and Jesus: the Stone Lectures for 1915-16, delivered
at Princeton Theological Seminary, by A. T. Robertson, A.M.,
D.D., LL.D., D.Litt., Professor of Interpretation of the New Tes-
tament in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Pages ix plus 190. 1920, $1.75.
This book is one of a series of Studies in Theology written by
distinguished British and American scholars.
The justification of the title and treatment is, first, the rela-
tive scarcity of monographs on the Pharisees and, second, the fact
that other monographs are written from a different point of view.
The extended bibliography appended to the book lists only nine
monographs on the Pharisees. Of these, only three are written in
English and all these are from Jewish authors. Recent material
in English on this topic from Christian writers, is to be found in
magazine articles, in Bible Dictionaries, and in occasional references
in books dealing with kindred subjects.
The author's point of view is frankly Christian, Prostestant,
and conservative. He is, however, mindful of the fact that present
day Jewish writers are apt to think of themselves as the spiritual
successors of the Pharisees and that the ancient battle between the
Pharisees and Jesus is in danger of being fought over again in a
partisan way between Jewish and Christian scholars. He is care-
ful, therefore, to avoid, in so far as possible, any statements con-i
cerning the Pharisees which would needlessly give offence.
The purpose of the book is threefold, first, to discover, by
investigating all available sources, what the Pharisees have stood
for in Jewish life, both before and after the time of Christ; second,
to present the grounds of Pharisaic opposition to Jesus; and third,
to determine the particulars in which Jesus stood opposed to
Pharisaism. These three topics serve as the subjects of the three
chapters of the book.
Chapter I is fundamental in that it gives the varied back-
ground of Pharisaic life. It is entitled "The Pharisaic Outlook
on Doctrine and Life." Much of this material is unfamiliar to the
ordinary Bible student. The sources handled are extra-Biblical.
They include books dealing with the earlier and later history of
Pharisaism. Among the former are the writings of Josephus and
also the apocryphal and pseudepigraphical writings which arose
in the two centuries before Christ and the first century of the
Christian era. These writings contain source material on the
topic of the rise of the party of the Pharisees and its relations to
other parties such as the Sadducees, Zealots, Essenes, Apocalyp-
tists, etc.
In treating the later history of the Pharisees, Dr. Robertson,
makes use of the Talmud and evaluates its estimate of Pharisaism.
Much of the source material in Chapter I has been worked over
14 (140)
Literature
both by Christian and Jewish writers. The author, therefore, does
not seek to present a new and original work in this field. Rather,
he undertakes to present without bias a brief sketch of the various
aspects of Pharisaic life which call for sympathetic treatment if
the relation of the Pharisees and Jesus is to be rightly estimated.
Two of the interesting subdivisions of this chapter are those
entitled "The Seven Varieties of the Pharisees" and "The Two
Methods of Pharisaic Teaching." In the former section it is made
clear that even the Talmud itself names six types of Pharisees
only to condemn them and to contrast them with the true Pharisee,
the seventh type. The two methods of Pharisaic teaching are,
of course, the Halacha and Haggadah, the former being the binding
rule, the latter the more imaginative interpretations.
Chapters II and III deal chiefly with more familiar source
material, viz. the gospels, and are correspondingly more interesting
to the ordinary Bible student.
In the opening sections of Chapter II, the author exhibits the
spirit of the Talmud toward Jesus, the Jewish hatred shown in
the Acts of the Apostles and the early Church Fathers. Then, turn-
ing to the four gospels, he shows that they all agree in the story
of Pharisaic hate toward Jesus. While it is evident that there are
some friendly Pharisees, it is clear that the gospels, without ex-
ception, present a picture of Pharisaic hostility both toward John
the Baptist and toward Jesus.
In the concluding part of Chapter II, the author enumerates
eleven points which form the basis of the attack by the Pharisees
upon Jesus, or of resentment on their part against him. According
to the Pharisees, Jesus was guilty of (1) the assumption of Messian-
ic authority, (2) blasphemy, (3) association with publicans and sin-
ners, (4) neglect of fasting, (5) being in league with Beelzebub,
(6) Sabbath breaking, (7) presenting utterly inadequate signs,
(8) insolent defiance of tradition, (9) being an ignorant imposter,
(10) plotting to destroy the temple, (11) high treason against
Caesar.
This list of accusations against Jesus is clear_ definite, and
broadly inclusive. The author develops each point by brief comment
on the pertinent scripture passages. His interpretations are, in
general, in agreement with positions taken by the best conservative
scholars. Passages in support of the fact that the Pharisees did
make these accusations against Jesus are cited in ten of the eleven
instances from the synoptics and in six of the eleven instances from
John.
In Chapter III the grounds of the condemnation of the Pharisees
by Jesus are considered. The seven grounds are, (1) spiritual
blindness, (2) formalism, (3) prejudice, (4) traditionalism, (5)
hypocrisy, (6) blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, (7) rejection of
God in rejection of Jesus.
Dr. Robertson is unquestionably right in quoting the synoptics
as authority for the first six items and in adding passages from
John under items one and three. However, it seems clear that he
would have strengthened his position if he had depended upon
John alone for proof of the seventh item, i. e. that the Jews in
rejecting Jesus were actually rejecting God. The synoptic pas-
sages cited (Matt, xvii: 12; xi:27; Luke x:22) prove only that
15 (141)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the Pharisees did reject Jesus and that Jesus considered himself
equal with God. They do not prove that Jesus connected these
two ideas, making his own rejection equivalent to the rejection of
God. At most, therefore, it is proved that the synoptics contain
the germs of the idea which appears fully developed in John.
All in all, the book is to be commended to Bible students
because it presents the material on the relation of the Pharisees
and Jesus in scholarly form and sufficiently brief compass. Ci-
tations of sources and authorities are entirely satisfactory. The
bibliography of some four hundred volumes indicates the breadth
of the author's reading and shows the student, who wishes to pur-
sue the topic further, what material is available. The book as
a whole makes it clear that the Pharisees occupied a central place
in the intellectual and social life of the Jews in the periods be-
fore, during, and after the earthly life of Jesus of Nazareth. The
failure of the Jewish people to accept Jesus as the Messiah, is better
understood after a perusal of this volume.
J. MILTON VANCE
Wooster, Ohio.
Luke the Historian in The Light of Research. By A. T. Robert-
son, M.A., D.D., LL.D., Litt.D., Professor of New Testament
Interpretation, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louis-
ville, Ky. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1920, $2.50.
Again Luke The Historian! For the last few decades Luke
has been in the limelight of criticism and New Testament inter-
pretation. He has found valiant champions and relentless enemies.
Again and again it became a question of whether or not Luke could
actually bear the brunt of all these attacks. It seemed that after
the terrific onslaught made upon him by the Tubingen School he
had no chance of regaining his place as a trustworthy historian.
Such men as Pfleiderer, Julicher, and Weizsacker in claiming that
the Gospel of Luke was written by an unknown heathen Christian
that "the historical value" of the narrative in Acts shrinks until
it reaches a vanishing point, or again that the story of Paul is
considered "a romantic ideal," thought that they had dealt a death
blow to the traditional Luke. However, the position of Luke as
a first class historian (see Ramsay: "Saint Paul the Traveler and
Roman Citizen") was greatly enhanced by the courageous stand
taken by such men as Ramsay, Maurice Jones, Hobart, Harnack,
Plummer, Zahn, and a host of others for the trustworthiness of
Luke as a historian. The question in the last analysis hinges upon
these things: is the Acts of the Apostles a first century work,
are the Gospel of Luke and the Acts creations of the same author,
and are the "we — sections" genuine. A mass of literature has
come into existence through the endeavor to reach a definite settle-
ment of this portentious question. If men like Baur, Pfleiderer,
and McGiffert are correct, then Luke must sink to the plane of
a fourth or fifth rank historian, one who had little if any historical
insight and judgment, who dealt in all sorts of fairy tales, and Paul,
instead of maintaining his place as a spiritual Titan, from now
must be looked upon as an imposter.
To this already vast literature Dr. Robertson makes a valuable
contribution. In his little book of about two hundred and fifty
16 (142)
Literature
pages he presents a defense of the traditional Lukan theory. Says
he: "In the light of all the facts known to-day, after a generation
and more of the most exacting criticism and research, the theory
of the Lukan authorship holds the field, greatly strengthened by
the new light that has come. Scholarship can point with pride
to what has been done in this field of Biblical investigation." We
can easily gather what Dr. Robertson's volume holds in store
for the reader by perusing the table of contents. We find such
chapters as "The Authorship of the Gospel and the Acts," "Luke's
Method of Research," "The Use of Medical Terms, by Luke," "A
Physician's Account of the Birth of Jesus," Arch^ological and
Geographical Data in the Acts," "Nautical Terms in Acts 27." Ot
course, Dr. Robertson, in being an exponent of the traditional view,
claims that Luke was a companion of Paul, that he wrote both
Luke and Acts, that he wrote a// of Acts, that Luke was a physician,
and that he was a first rank historian. It is interesting to note
that the author leans toward the theory that Luke was probably
born and reared in the Syrian Antioch. In this he differs from
his views expressed in his article on Luke in the International
Standard Bible Dictionary, in which, if I remember correctly, he
is a supporter of Ramsay's theory which argues for Philippi as the
place of Luke's nativity. Also, it seems to us inconsistent that
Dr. Robertson should still speak of Luke as a Macedonian after
arguing for Antioch in Syria, as Luke's birthplace. It is our opinion
that in his chapter "A Physician's Account of the Birth of Jesus,"
Dr. Robertson is at his best. It is a chapter written with a touch
of beauty and delicacy. Perhaps in it Dr. Robertson is at his
best because here he is more of an author than a compiler. Many
of the chapters present such a maze of quotations from standard
works that at times it is difficult to follow the author's point
of view. But even then, the book is still a masterly compendium.
However, the author is perfectly sure of his own ground and in spite
of his many quotations convinces us of his own certainty. In his chap-
ter on medical terms, we feel that Dr. Robertson's enthusiasm —
which we share to a large extent — is apt to carry him a deal too far.
He would almost have us believe that Luke was the peer of many of
our great medical men. We do not think Luke to have been a
quack, but we must not lose sight of the comparative scale by which
a man, good physician and thorough historian though he was, must
be judged. The book it may be said, would have been utterly im-
possible had it not been for the work and writings of such men
as Harnack, Moffat, Hobart, and Ramsay. Those who are acquainted
with Harnack's "The Acts of the Apostles," and his "Luke the Physi-
cian," with Hobart's "The Medical Language of Saint Luke," and
with the many writings of Sir Ramsay, especially his "Saint Paul
the Traveller and Roman Citizen," "Was Christ Born in Bethlehem,"
"Pauline and Other Studies," and his "Bearing of Recent Dis-
covery on the Trustworthiness of the New Testament," will find
little if anything new in Dr. Robertson's book. The volume before
us, as has been stated before, takes the opinions expressed in the
foregoing works and brings them to play upon the personality of
Luke. But, for those who have no access to Harnack's or Ramsay's
works, or to those who have neither opportunity nor time to make
the contents of these books their own, "Luke the Historian in the
Light of Research" will prove to be an invaluable help. Dr. Robertson
has succeeded in impressing the reader with the greatness of his
hero^ and the trustworthiness of the Biblical books accredited to
17 (143)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
him throughout the centuries. We, therefore, delight in recom-
mending the little volume to pastors and students and anyone who
has been touched by the unspeakable charm of Paul and his greatest
of all champions, Luke, the Physician.
ARNOLD H. LOWE
Missouri Valley College.
The lEpistle to the Galatians. (International Critical Commentary).
By Ernest Dewitt Burton, D.D. New York: Charles Scribner's
Sons. 1920. $4.50.
Slowly the gaps in the "International Critical" series are being
filled. Students of the New Testament cannot but regret t^at
volumes on "John," "Acts," and "Hebrews" are still lacking; but
this regret is for the time being forgotten in the satisfaction which
all must feel in the appearance of two commentaries of such out-
standing importance as Charles' "Revelation" and Burton's "Gala-
tians." It is not too much to say that these two works alone would
have sufficed to mark 1920 as a year of note in New Testament
scholarship.
Burton's "Galatians" is a book of 630 pages. A considerable
proportion of this is fine print. The epistle itself, in a Greek Tes-
tament of dimensions similar to those of the commentary, extends
over barely nine pages in all. Now 63 0 pages is a good deal of
space to cover in commenting on a nine-page letter. There are
those who will scoff at the idea of it being either necessary or
advisable to comment on "Galatians" at such length. We shall
have to let .them scoff, pausing only to remark that they would
feel differently if they had ever read "Galatians" — bringing a fair
amount of interest and intelligence to the task.
The point does not lie merely or mainly in the letter's obscurity.
Obscure, in not a few sections, it certainly is. St. Paul was o~Dscure
as Browning was: with the obscurity of genius — of the man whose
mind took enormous leaps, quite unmindful of the fact that few
or none of his readers could keep up with him. (How comforting
it is to learn from II. Peter 3:16 that readers vastly nearer to him
in time than we are found in his letters "some knotty points," as
Moffat translates!) Doubtless in the commentary before us, or any
other on Galatians, a total of many pages will be found devoted to
the task of supplying missing premises, yet it is not mainly this
requirement that makes the book big.
The bigness of it is in large measure due to the simple fact
that to really understand what a man has written you must under-
stand his words. As a statement this is simple enough, but as a
fundamental principle for the interpretation of a document like
"Galatians" it becomes unbelievably complex. The pocket diction-
ary will not suffice — nor yet the most exhaustive Greek-English lexi-
con. What was the content, for Paul, of his great word "faith,"
and of the corresponding verb "believe"? What are we to make of
his seemingly varied uses of the term "law"? "Justification,"
"spirit," "flesh," "gospel," apostle," "covenant," "sin" — these are
our common English renderings for a few of the terms that ex-
pressed concepts vital to his thought. What range of meanings
did these words cover — as used by the literary predecessors and
contemporaries of Paul? How were they used in the Greek Bible,
18 (144)
Literature
the Septuagint? What is to be learned from the papyri as to their
colloquial use? Finally, to what conclusion are we led as to what
they meant to Paul? Professor Burton believed that the most
important contribution which he could make to the understand-
ing of Galatians would be made through a thorough study of these
terms. And no person living — in the English-speaking world at
least — was better equipped to carry through such an undertaking
successfully.
As a matter of fact these word studies outgrew even the bounds
of a book so generous in size as the commentary proved to be. In
1918 Professor Burton published separately a volume entitled,
"Spirit, Soul and Flesh" (University of Chicago Press; $2.00; 214
pages) embodying a part of the lexical material accumulated in
connection with the study of "Galatians." Additional material cf
the same sort is given a place in an Appendix to the commentary,
while shorter lexical notes are to be found throughout tbe book.
Now #hat I have been saying is almost certain to give the
impression that this is a dry book — important perhaps, but dry. Yet
oddly enough it is not dry: I think, anyone at all interested in St. Paul
who may peruse it will agree with me in this. How does it escape?
Partly, I think through the obvious freshness of the investigatipn
which lies back of it. The traditional idea of a critical commentary as
a work that should first display before the eyes of the admiring
(or yawning) reader the opinions of learned fathers from the
second century down, then choose from among them the least
impossible. Professor Burton has had the courage to repudiate. Not
that he is indifferent to opinions other than his own. But his com-
mentary is not overloaded with such opinions, and throughout it
gives the impression of an original piece of work — the work, more-
over, of a mind extraordinarily alert and thoroughly disciplined.
I think it is this, largely, that saves the book from being dry.
And there is another thing. The author of this commentary
does not forget that words — for which he shows such zeal — are
important not as things in themselves but as vehicles for the con-
veyance of thought. My own habit is to test commentaries by
going to them with such questions, for information or opinion, as
I think a would-be student of the work commented on is likely to
ask and has a right to ask. Perhaps I often miss the point as to
what questions are fair and natural. At all events the applicaiion
of this test has made me rather pessimistic on the whole subject
of the usefulness of commentaries. But there are notable ex-
ceptions. Menzies on "Mark (The Earliest Gospel," MacMillan)
comes to my mind as one of these. And it is a great pleasure to
find a new commentary, in a standard series, that seems to meet
the requirements so well as the one before us does. I believe that
any serious student who undertakes a study of Galatians, using the
text itself as his primary source and relying on this commentary
for aid in questions of introduction and exegesis, will find the study
one of absorbing interest and great profit. There will of course
be other commentaries which he may use — an embarassing wealth
of them in fact. Nearly every Christian thinker of rank since
Origen has labored to expound this hastily dictated letter of St.
Paul's. Chrysostom, Theodore of. Mopsuestia, Jerome, Augustine,
Luther, Erasmus, Calvin, Winer, Meyer, Wette, Ellicott, Lightfoot,
Ramsay, Bacon — the list might easily be extended to several times
this length. These are notable names, and it goes without say-
19 (145)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Jng that there is much of value in their work. Yet I think it is
perfectly safe to predict that for many years to come the English-
speaking student of "Galatians," particularly if he knows Greek,
will find Professor Burton's commentary much the most useful aid
to which he can turn. It will give him constant help in matters
of detail, and, what is perhaps more important, it will help him
to see the "big idea" back of the epistle as a whole.
What is the big idea? A sentence at the very close will serve
as a hint as to the answer which Professor Burton gives. "Though
it was probably dictated rapidly, and was certainly composed under
the stress of deep emotion, the six brief chapters of which it con-
sists constitute one of the most important documents of early Chris-
tianity and one of the noblest pleas ever written for Christian liberty
and spiritual religion."
This is not a homiletical commentary in the usual sense. Far
from it. Yet the studious minister will find it — or rather the study
of "Galatians" which it will stimulate and aid — a homiletical "help"
of the very best sort. It is precisely the kind of a work that the
preacher who wishes to make his preaching vital with the vitality
which his Bible has must use.
I have been trying to say that this book is a successful com-
mentary on "Galatians." Incidentally I have suggested that it is
a good deal more than that. The wealth of lexicographical ma-
terial, presented with unusual skill and backed by a scholarship
that in this field is all but unique, is likely to make it an indis-
pensable book for the study of the development of early Christianity.
(There are, for example, extensive notes on ''EATcA^^am" "Aiwf Kcii and
AluvLoq' , "Titles and Predicates of Jesus," TIaTr/p as applied to
God," etc. Perhaps we may hope that later this part of the work
will be available in separate form.)
In so far as the work may meet with adverse criticism I would
expect that it would be partly on the ground of its general method
and style being excessively analytical. Whether this be deemed
a serious fault, or a fault at all, will be largely determined by the
personal equation as affecting the judgment of the critic. The note
on the very difficult matter of Paul's use of v6/ioi (pp. 443-60)
may be cited as a case in point.
FRANK EAKIN
The Personality of God. By Professor James H. Snowden. New
York: The Macmillan Co. 1920. $1-75.
In this little book on "The Personality of God," Professor James
H. Snowden has rendered a real service. We greatly need to-day
short books on the great themes of religion written by men who
are at once masters of their subject and know how to talk the sim-
ple language that the layman understands. Dr. Snowden is one
of the rare men who possess this gift. In other books, such as
his treatment of Pre-millenarianism and of Christian Science, he
has shown his ability to deal wisely and sanely with a living ques-
tion, and now in this book he gives us a disscussion of what is at
once the oldest and the newest of all subjects, the Personality of
God.
The method of treatment is unusually happy. After a brief
introduction on the importance of the subject and a discussion
of what we mean by personality in ourselves, he raises the ques-
20 (146)
Literature
tion how we come to believe in a personal God as a matter of ex-
perience and then goes on from that to define the content of the
belief, to consider the objections which may be urged against it,
the alternatives which its denial involves, and the significance of
this faith for science^ for philosophy, and for our practical life.
The point of view is of Christian faith reinforced by an idealis-
tic philosophy. Dr. Snowden inclines in his sympathies to the mys-
tical rather than the historical approach to religious questions.
This appears in his discussion of the rivals to the Christian view.
While he recognizes, as all intelligent students of the time must
do, the presence of pragmatic and pluralistic tendencies, he does
not regard them as foemen sufficiently important to deserve the
central place which he gives to the various monistic substitutes
for personality. So in his treatment of the Trinity, instead of
reaching it by the historical road through showing the central place
of the person of Jesus in the life of man and the natural steps
through which Christian faith came to interpret this person as
the revelation and expression of God in human form, he sees in
the Trinity in true Hegelian fashion the implication of personality
itself.
Especially commendable is the sympathetic attitude of the
author toward the views which he criticises and his effort to point
out the elements of truth which they contain. Particularly il-
luminating is the section in which he shows the extent to which
so-called pantheistic thinkers, like Paulsen and Bradley, make place
in their philosophy for aspects of truth which we associate with
personality. What these thinkers wish, he reminds us, is to relieve
God of the limitations of personality as we know it in ourselves,
but they would be the first to recognize that personality is a truer
word to describe what God is than any other that we can find.
So in his discussion of contemporary writers like William James,
Bergson, and H. G. Wells, Dr. Snowden welcomes the evidence
which they bring of "the profound religiousness of agnostic think-
ers." However far these writers fall short of historic orthodoxy,
they are all alike "witnesses to the personality of God" and for
this we should be grateful. This catholic and sympathetic spirit,
ready to see the good in every opposing view while at the same
time pointing out its limitations, is a great merit of Dr. Snowden's
work.
To the effect of the war on faith in God the author devotes
some illuminating paragraphs. To him the war has raised no
new problems, only restated the old ones with new and tragic
force. One feels in Dr. Snowden's discussion here that his gen-
eral type of philosophy hardly leads him to do justice to the force
of the argument from the fact of evil to a God who is limited in
power. But however this may be, it is refreshing to come into
contact with one who finds his faith unshaken by the experiences
of the past six years and invites us with him to contemplate the
tragedy through which the world has been passing in the light
of that all embracing purpose through which God is leading His
world out to a larger and diviner end. We most heartily commend
Dr. Snowden's book to all who want a simple presentation of this
central Christian truth to put into the hands of those who are con-
fused and troubled by the conflicting currents of contemporary
thought. WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN
Union Theological Seminary, New York, N. Y.
21 (147)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
The Originality of the Christian Message. By H. R. Mackintosh,
D.D., D. Phil., Professor of Systematic Theology, New College,
Edinburgh.
Professor Mackintosh has won a secure place in the theologi-
cal and religious world by his works, especially by his great work
on the Person of Christ. This volume is a minor piece, but it is
important in its contents and treatment. The idea of the book is
that Christianity is not simply one among religions of equal signif-
icance with itself, but is original and unique and overlooks all
others as the Alps overshadow the plains. He finds the originality
of the Christian message in the Christian idea of God, in the divine
saving activity, in redemption as an experience, in the' Christian
ethic, and in the absoluteness of Christianity. These points are all
wrought out in a clear and convincing way, expressed in transparent
style, and the little book gives us an assured faith in the vital things
which Christians believe and by which they live.
JAMES H. SNOWDEN
22 (148)
Alumniana
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Pa.
Rev. G. P. Atwell, D.D., ('98), Greensburg, Pa., to Second, Washing-
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Rev. J. H. Lawther ('01), Bellaire, Ohio, to Niles, Ohio.
Rev. T. D. Scott ('01), Sharpsburg, Pa., to Bedford, Ind.
Rev. E. W. Byers ('03), Pitcairn, Pa., to Jersey Shore, Pa.
Rev. H. M. Campbell ('04-p), Dormont, Pa., to Darby Church, Pres-
bytery of Chester.
Rev. G. L. Glunt ('11), Rochester, Pa., to Oakland, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Rev. H. J. Baumgartel ('13), Trenton, N. J., to Parnassus, Pa.
Rev. S. L. Johnston ('13), Woodlawn, Pa., to Muddy Creek Church,
Khedive, Pa.
Rev. D. R. Thompson ('13), Gibsonia, Pa., to West Sunbury and
Pleasant Valley, Pa.
Rev. C. R. Wheeland ('17), Braddock, Pa., to Irving Park, Chicago,
111.
Rev. Owen W Pratt ('19), Butte, Mont., to Harvard, 111.
INSTALLATIONS
Rev. Maurice E. Wilson, D.D., ('79), College Hill, Beaver Palls, Pa.,
Nov. 11, 1920.
Rev. R. J. Shields ('10) First, Charleroi, Pa.
ACCESSIONS
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Pa , 13
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Rev. R. F. Getty ('94). Murrysville, Pa 4
Rev. M. D. McClelland ('95), Jackson Centre, Pa 6
Rev. W. P. McKee, D. D. ('96), First, Monongahela, Pa.! .' 13
Rev. C. A. McCrea, D. D. ('97), Oakmont, Pa 17
Rev. E. L. Mcllvaine, D.D., ('98), First, Meadville, Pa 8
Rev. C. O. Anderson ('99), Plain Grove Pa 5
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Rev. S. T. Brown ('02), Forty-third Street, Pittsburgh, Pa! ! . . . . 10
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Rev. A. P. Bittinger ("'03), Ambridge, Pa '.'. 22
Rev. G. C. Fisher ('03), First, Latrobe, Pa 20
Rev. F. B. Shoemaker ('03), First, Jeannette, Pa 78
Rev. T. E. Thompson, Ph.D. ('03), New Bedford, Fa. . . .'.'. 8
Rev. D. P. MacQuarrie ('05), Hiland, Perrysville, Pa 12
Rev. E. C. Ludwig ('06), Concord, Carrick Pa 26
Rev. H. G. McMillen ('10), Holliday's Cove, W. V'a 10
Rev. R. J. Shields ('10), First, Charleroi, Pa 12
23 (149)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Rev. George Taylor, Jr., Ph.D. ('10), First, Wilkinsburg, Pa. . . .43
Rev. C. B. Wingerd, Ph.D, (p-g '10), First, Martins Ferry_ Ohio. . .33
Rev. M. A. Matheson, Ph.D ('11), Prospect, Ashtabula, Ohio. . . .24
Rev. J. N. Hunter ('12), First, Blairsville, Pa 41
Rev. A. F. Heltman (p-g '15), Broad Avenue, Altoona, Pa 39
RESIGNATIONS
Rev. Stephen A. Hunter, D.D., ('76), Arlington, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Rev. H. W. Warnshuis ('76), Port Royal, Pa.
Rev. S. F. Marks ('82), Tidioute, Pa.
Rev. C. P. Cheeseman, D.D., ('84) Highland, Pittsburgh, Pa
Rev. John H. Gross ('12-p), First, Marietta, Ohio.
Rev. R. E. Thurston ('15), East Side, Fremont, Ohio.
Rev. H. M. Eagleson ('19), Clintohville, Pa.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
Rev. G. W. Fisher ('61), Neoga, 111., to Mayfield, Cal.
Rev. J. P. Calhoun, D.D., ('80-p), Winter Haven, Fla., to Braden-
town, Fla.
Rev. A. M. Buchanan, D.D., ('82), Pittsburgh, Pa., to 50 Ben Lomond
St., Uniontown, Pa.
Rev. William F. Weir, D.D., ('89), Wooster, Ohio, to 17 N-State St.,
Chicago, 111.
Rev. E. E. Lashley ('95), Union City, Pa., to 619 Mansfield Ave.,
W. E., Pittsburgh, Pa
Rev. J. O. McCracken ('97), Xenia, Ohio, to 520 Seventh Ave.,
Juniata, Pa.
Rev. James B. Kelso ('99), Niobrara, Neb., to Beldin, Neb.
Rev. W. P. Russell ('15), Dunbar, Pa., to 726% S-Arch St., Con-
nellsville, Pa.
Rev. J. O. Miller ('16), Buckhannon, W. Va., to 999 Indiana Ave.,
Monaca, Pa.
GENERAL ITEMS
Rev. W. B. Carr ('73) celebrated his eightieth birthday in
November. The Woman's Organized Bible Class of the Latrobe
Presbyterian Church gave him a surprise supper in honor of the
occasion.
On Sunday Morning, October 3rd, Rev. H. W. Warnshuis ('76),
pastor of the Port Royal Presbyterian Church, tendered his resigna-
tion, the same to take effect January 1, 1921. Poor health is the
main reason for his taking this step. He has retired from active
work and taken up his residence at Blairsville, Pa.
Dr. J. P. Calhoun ('80) has retired from his pastorate at Win-
ter Haven, Florida. His labors as pastor and evangelist extend
over a period of forty years. All the churches of the city and various
civic and humanitarian organizations united in a farewell service
in the Baptist Church of his city. His address will be Bradentown,
Florida.
Rev. Dr. C. P. Cheeseman ('84-p), after 28 years of faithfxil
and efficient service as pastor of Highland Church Pittsburgh, Pa.,
has resigned his charge and retired from the active work of the
24 (150)
Alumniana
pastorate. This move is due to continued ill health, but it is earnest-
ly hoped by all who know him that he may be able to take up pas-
toral work again after a good rest.
Rev. J. M. Wilson, D.D., ('85-p) of the North Church, Omaha,
has been elected president of Omaha Theological Seminary.
Rev. W. A. Kinter ('89-p) spent the winter in Winter Park, Fla.
Rev. and Mrs. U. W. MacMillan ('95), of the Presbyterian
Church of Glenshaw, Pa., celebrated their twenty-fifth anniver.^ary
of their marriage on November 22nd. An informal reception was
held in the manse.
The Central Presbyterian Church of N. S., Pittsburgh, of which
Rev. Paul J. Slonaker ('95) is pastor, celebrated its Victory Week
November 21 to 28 in honor of the success of the congregation in
paying a $12,000 mortgage in one year.
On Sunday, October 17, Rev. R. Frank Getty ('94) preached his
ninth anniversary sermon. He is pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church of Murrysville, Pa.
On the first Sunday in January, Rev. U. S. Greves ('95) pastor
of the New Alexandria Church, observed the tenth anniversary of
his pastorate.
At a pro-re-nata meeting of the Erie Presbytery, held in the
Park Church of Erie, November 3rd, the pastoral relation between
Rev. Ellsworth E. Lashley ('95) and the church at Union City
was dissolved. Mr. Lashley has become the pastor of the West
End Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh.
On December 19, 1920, Rev. J. H. Lawther ('01) closed his
pastorate at the First Church of Bellaire. The service was es-
pecially marked by the large number of new members received into
the membership of the church and by many infant baptisms. His
pastorate has extended over a period of nearly nine years.
Rev. Robert M. Offutt ('99) has accepted a call to become
pastor-at-large in Kittanning Presbytery.
The First Church of Lancaster, of which Rev. W. J. Holmes
(.'02) is pastor, held a rededication service December 12th. The
church is nearly 120 years old. It has been renovated, re-decorated,
new lighting and heating systems have been installed, and the
building has been enlarged.
Eleven new members were received into the Presbyterian
Church of Cadiz, Ohio, at its January Communion. $50 was con-
tributed in the free will offering for starving peoples. Rev. R. P.
Lippincott ('2) is the pastor.
The Lyndora Community House on Penn Avenue in Butler
opened its doors the last of October. It was built and equipped
by the Butler Presbytery at a cost of $16,000. Rev. W. O. David
('03-p), who has been engaged in mission work in the Presbytery
for the last nine years, will be in charge.
25 (151)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
The new Hazelwood Presbyterian Church of which Rev. Harry
C. Hutchison ('09) is pastor, was opened to the public for the first
time January 9th. Its cost is about $80,000 and it is modern in
every respect.
Rev. R. J. Shields ('10) closed his pastorate at Dunlap's Creek
December 26th and at once took up his duties in his new field at
Charleroi, Pa.
The New Kensington Church has recently purchased a new
brick manse for their pastor, Rev. W. G. Felmeth ('11). His course
of sermons for Sunday mornings on "Can we do without Jesas?"
attracted great attention.
Rev. J. N. Hunter ('12), pastor of the Presbyterian Church of
Blairsville, Pa., at the last C^ommunion Service, January 16th, re-
ceived into full membership of the church, 24 by confession of
faith and 17 by certificate.
Rev. Mayson H. Sewell, ('12-p), pastor of the Presbyterian
Church of New Philadelphia, Ohio, received nine new members at
the January communion. This makes a total of 101 new members
in twelve months.
The Presbytery of New Brunswick, at its fall meeting, dis-
solved the pastoral relations of Rev. Howard J. Baumgartel ('13)
and the second Church of Trenton and dismissed him to the Blairs-
ville Presbytery to accept the call of the Parnassus Church.
The members of the First Presbyterian Church of Masontown
testified to the cordial relations existing between pastor and flock
by staging a surprise party at the manse of Rev. W. H. Crapper,
D.D., ('14) and showering Mrs. Crapper with household necessities
and a fat purse. The next day was indeed a real Thanksgiving
for all concerned.
Rev. Henry A. Riddle ('14), pastor at West Alexander, Pa.,
has organized the men of his church for more aggressive work. One
hundred thirty men gathered for the supper on the evening of the
rally.
Two Ridges Church in the Presbytery of Steubenville, closed
a two weeks' period of evangelistic meetings December 19 and two
persons united with the church upon confession of faith. Harrison
Davidson ('19) conducted the meetings. In January he also con-
ducted a series of evangelistic meetings in the Cross Creek Church,
of which he is also pastor. He was assisted by Rev. H. W. Warn-
shuis ('76) of Blairsville, Pa.; as a result, twenty-two new mem-
bers were added to the roll.
26 (152)
Necrology*
Agnew, Benjamin Lashells
Born, Armstrong County, Pa., Oct. 3, 1833; Washington Col-
lege, 1845; Seminary, 1854-57; D.D., Washington and Jefferson Col-
lege, 1874; licensed, Apr. 8, 1856, Presbytery of Allegheny; or-
dained, Feb. 8, 1858, Presbytery of Blairsville; pastor, Johnstown,
Pa., 1858-67; Westminster, Philadelphia, Pa., 1868-70; North
Church, Philadelphia, Pa., 1870-82; East Liberty, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
1882-84; Bethlehem, Philadelphia, Pa., 1884-96; Chaplain, 76th.
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-62; member Board of
Domestic Missions; vice president. Board of Publication and Sabbath
School Work ; stated clerk. Presbytery of Philadelphia Central, ten
years; moderator, Synod of Pennsylvania; vice moderator. General
Assembly; secretary. Board of Ministerial Relief, 1897-1912; died,
Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 2, 1919.
Alexander, Thomas Rush
Born Mifflin County, Pa., Mar. 10, 1844; Washington and
Jefferson College, 1868; Seminary, 1870-73; licensed, Apr. 10,
1872, Presbytery of Huntingdon; ordained Sept. 22, 1873, Pres-
bytery of Washington; pastor, Mount Prospect, Pa., 1872-92; col-
league pastor First Presbyterian Church, Washington, Pa., 1892-98;
pastor First Presbyterian Church, Washington, Pa., 189 9; stated
supply. Mount Pleasant, Pa., 1900; stated supply, Westminister,
Burgettstown, Pa., 1901-2; Mount Pleasant, Pa., 1904-18;' teacher,
1868-70; died, Washington, Pa., Dec. 11, 1918.
Arthur, Richard
Born, near Chestnut Level, Lancaster County, Pa., March 21,
1845; Lafayette College, 18 68; Seminary, 1868-71; A.M., Lafayette
College, 1871; licensed and ordained, June 6, 1871, Presbytery of
Westminster; foreign missionary, Siam, 1871-3; stated supply, Hope-
well and Little Britain, Pa., 1874; home missionary, Fulton and
Franklin Counties, Pa., 1874-82; stated supply, Waterloo, Pa., 1882-
83; home missionary, Butler and Morris Counties, Kan., 1883-92;
pastor. White City, 1887-91; pastor, Lincoln Center, 1892-6; stated
supply, Wamego, 1896; home missionary, Phillips and Rooks Coun-
ties, 1897-03; stated supply, Auburn and Wakarusa, 1903-5; home
missionary, Hill City and Rooks and Osborne Counties, also stated
supply Rose Valley and Kill Creek, 1905-10; evangelist 1911-15;
honorably retired, 1915; died. Salt Lake City, Utah, March 18, 1921.
Bean, George Washington
Born, Oxford, Ohio, July 16, 1841; Hanover College, Hanover,
Ind., 1871; Seminary, 1871-74; A. M., Hanover College, 1886; D. O.,
Columbia School of Osteopathy, Medicine, and Surgery 1900; M. D.,
Eclectic Medical University, Kansas City, Mo., 1903; licensed, April
19, 1873, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, November, 1874,
Presbytery of Pittsburgh; stated supply, Mt. Pisgah, Greentree, Pa.,
1873-76; pastor, Sunbury, and stated supply. Pleasant Valley (New
Hope), Pa., 1877-85; principal, Sunbury Academy, 1878-82; pastor,
Second, Topeka, and stated supply. Bethel, Kan., 18 8 6-88; pastor.
*Owing to lack of space due to the high cost of printing, no
Necrological list has been published since 1917. But, on account
of the desirability of keeping a complete record of necrology, it
has been deemed wise to print the list without a break as well as to
bring it up to date. Editor.
27 (153)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Setninary
Clay Center, Kan., 1889-92; Independence, Kan., 1893-95; evange-
list, supply, and missionary. Wis. and Mich., 1896-97; supply, Mar-
celine and Ethel, Mo., 1898-1900; osteopath and preacher; died,
Leavenworth, Kan., February 16, 1920.
Beer, Robert
Born, Allegheny, Pa., Nov. 14, 1830; Jefferson College, 1848;
teacher, 1848-52; attorney-at-law, 1853-58; Seminary, 1858-61; li-
censed, Apr. 1860; Presbytery of Ohio; ordained, July, 1862, Pres-
bytery of Milwaukee; stated supply, Utica & Homer, Ohio, 1860;
pastor, Westminister, Beloit, Wis., 1861-65; home missionary,
Knoxville, Tenn., 1865; pastor, Valparaiso, Ind., 1865-84; Garden
Grove & Grand River, Iowa, 1884-95; pastor at large. Presbytery
of Des Moines, Iowa, 1895-1900; honorably retired, 1900; died,
Valparaiso, Ind., Mar. 31, 1919.
BleU, Abraham Tidball
Born, Washington County, Pa., Jan. 4, 1845; Washington and
Jefferson College, 1870; Seminary, 1869-72; licensed, April 26,
1871, Presbytery of Pittsburgh; ordained, Dec. 31, 1872, Presby-
tery of Kittanning; pastor, Rayne, Pa. 1872-82; stated supply. East
Union, Pa. 1874-78; pastor, Washington, Home, Pa. 1879-98;
evangelist, Oltlahoma, 1901; permanent clerk, 1883-97^ and stated
clerk, 1897-1917, Presbytery of Kittanning; died Blairsville, Pa.,
Nov. 17, 1917.
Blackburn, John Irwin
Born, Westmoreland County, Pa.; Washington and Jefferson
College, 1878; Seminary, 1878-81; A. M., Washington and Jefferson
College, 1881; D.D., Miami University, 1893; licensed, April, 1880,
Presbytery of Redstone; ordained, June 21, 1881, Presbytery of
Blairsville; pastor, Murrysville, Pa., 1881-6; Portsmouth, Ohio,
1886-9; Covington, Ky., 1889-1912; pastor. Union Church in Japan;
trustee, Pikeville Collegiate Institute, director. Theological Semi-
nary, Louisville, Ky. ; travelled Egypt, Syria, Greece, Russia, etc.,
1905; president, Philadelphia School for Christian Workers; died
Detroit, Mich Sept. 9, 1917.
Blackford, John Hosack
Born, Martin's Ferry, Ohio, September 3, 1834; Washington
Jefferson College, 1865; Seminary, 1867-70; A.B., and A.M., Wash-
ington and Jefferson College; licensed, April 27, 1869, Presbytery of
St. Clairsville; ordained, January, 1871, Presbytery of Steubenville;
pastor. Beech Spring, Ohio, 1871-5; Yellow Creek, 1876-84; Bakers-
ville and Linton, 1885-96; principal, Clarksburg Public School,
1866-7; principal. Slate Lick Classical Academy, 1898-1902; honor-
ably retired, 1904; residence, Freeport, Pa.; died Freeport, Pa.,
March 21, 1921.
Blayney, John Sill
Born, West Alexander, Pa., Aug. 31, 1874; Washington and Jeff-
erson College, 1896; Seminary, 1896-99; licensed, Apr. 1898, Pres-
bytery of Washington; ordained. May, 1899, Presbytery of Alle-
gheny; pastor, Glenfield and Haysville, Pa., 1899-04; Wilcox, Pa.,
1904-08; St. Clairsville, Ohio, 1909-11; First Presbyterian Church.
Hutchinson, Kan., 1911-17; First Presbyterian Church, Roswell,
New Mexico, 1917-18; died, Roswell, New Mexico, July 12, 1918.
28 (154)
Necrology
Chapin, Melancthon Elder
Born, Northfield, Ohio, June 11, 1850; A. B., Western Reserve
College, 1876; Seminary, 1876-79;. licensed, June 12, 1878, and or-
dained June 11, 1879, Presbytery of Cleveland; missionary. South
Dakota, 1879-1901; missionary, Texas, Kansas, and North Caro-
lina, 1901-0 5; Nebraska, North Dakota, and Montana, 1906-07;
missionary, Presbytery of Cleveland, 1908-17; died, Salem, Ohio,
Dec. 24, 1917.
Cheeseman, Joseph Redic
Born, near Portersville, Pa., July 4, 1845; Washington and Jef-
ferson College, 1874; Seminary, 1875-8; licensed, April, 1878, Pres-
bytery of Butler; ordained, June 24, 1886, Presbytery of Iowa City;
evangelist, 1877-86; pastor. West Branch and Fairview, Iowa, 1886-
9; without charge, 1889-04; residence, Portersville, Pa.; died, Por-
tersville, Pa., January 1, 1921.
Cochran, William Swan Pluiner
Born, Butler County, Pa., April 23, 1856; University of Woos-
ter, 1879; Seminary 1880-83; D.D., University of Wooster; licensed,
June 12, 1883, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained. May 19, 1884,
Presbytery of Pittsburgh; pastor Middletown, Pa., 1884; Coraop-
olis. Pa., 1884-94; stated supply, Chattanooga, Tenn., 1895; pastor,
Grace, Peoria, 111., 1896-02; pastor, Aspinwall, Pa., 1903-05; stated
supply (1910-12) and pastor (1912-19), Eustis, Pla.; died Pitts-
burgh, Pa., June 18, 1919.
Compton, Andrew Jackson
Born near Cincinnati, Ohio, Apr. 10, 1834; Fairview Academy,
2 years; Farmers College, 3 years; Seminary 1858-61; A. M., Bel-
mont College, 1885; M. D., Cincinnati Electric Medical College,
1857; licensed, Apr. 20, 1860, and ordained, May 12, 1861, Presby-
tery of Pittsburgh; missionary to Brazil, 1862; stated supply, Ben-
tonsport, Iowa, 1863-64; stated supply, Areata, Cal., 1865-67;
Watsonville,Cal., 1867-72; pastor, Vacaville, Cal., 1872-78; pastor,
Westminister, Cal., 1878-79; stated supply, Bethel, Woodbridge, Cal.,
1880; stated supply, Beaumont, Cal., 18 85-88; stated supply, Oakdale
Cal., 1889-93; stated supply, Inglewood, Cal., 1893-99; stated sup-
ply, Covelo, Cal., 1899-02; stated supply. South Pasadena, Cal., 1902-
05; stated supply, Lakeside and Elsinore, Cal., 1905-09; United
States Christian Commission, 1865; honorably retired, 1906; home
missionary. Tarpon Springs, Pla., 1909; Charleston, W. Va., 1911-12;
died Tarpon Springs, Fla., Apr. 8, 1917.
Conner, William Waddell
Born, Elm Grove, W. Va., August 31, 1860; Princeton Univer-
sity, 1885; Seminary, 1896-99; licensed, April, 1898, Presbytery of
Allegheny; ordained, July, 1899, Classis of Newark (Reformed
Church in America) ; pastor, Dutch Reformed Church, Belleville, N.
J., 1899; ordained deacon, 1911, and priest, 1912, Protestant Epis-
copal Church; in charge of Mission at Belt Creek and Sun River Val-
leys in Diocese of Montana, 1911; Great Falls, Mont, 1917; died
Palo Alto, California, August 5, 1920.
Cooper, Daniel William
Born, Knox County, Ohio, September 2, 1830; Miami Uni-
versity, 1857; Seminary, 1857-9; D.D., Miami University, 1914;
29 (155)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
licensed, 1858, and ordained, 1859, Presbytery of Richland; pastor,
Olivesburg and Bloomington, Ohio, 1859-65; Ottawa, Ohio, 1866-72;
pastor, West Point, Romney, and Taylor's Station, Ind., 1872-8;
stated supply. North Baltimore, Wapakoneta, and Harrison, Ohio,
1878-82; McComb and Blanchard, Ohio, 1882-91; Paola, Fla., 1892-
93; residence, McComb, Ohio, 1894-1903; Kirksville, Mo., 1903-15;
Marion, Ohio, 1915-20; honorably retired, 1900; died, Marion, Ohio,
December 11, 1920.
Culbertson, Claude Ray
Born, Washington County, Pa., September 23, 1880; A.B., Scio
College, 1904; Seminary, 1905-8; licensed, April 16, 1907, Presby-
tery of Steubenville; ordained, May 19, 1908, Presbytery of Woos-
ter; pastor. Congress and West Salem, Ohio, 1908-10; Island Creek,
Toronto, Ohio, 1910-14; pastor, Ebenezer and Clarksburg and stated
supply, Iselin, 1915-19; pastor, New Salem, Pa., 1919-21; died,
February 5, 1921.
Cuiuiiugham, Leva Weir
Born, Moberly, Mo., May 17, 1877; A.B., Missouri Valley Col-
lege, 19 06; Seminary, 1906-09; licensed, September, 1900, and or-
dained, July, 1906, Presbytery of McGee; stated supply, Long Run,
Irwin, Pa., 1907-09; assistant to pastor, Grace, St. Louis, Mo., 1909-
10; stated supply. Rock Hill, Mo., 1910-12; pastor. First, Thomas,
Std£ia£Lfi^._Okla., 19JL_2j T_ecumseh, 1913j^Salisbury, Mo., 1914; Butler, 1915-
17;" Independence; T9T8-'l'^Tmed, Fulton, Mo., July 2, 1919.
Davis, Herman Ulysses
Born, Woodlawn, Pa., April 10, 1870; Grove City College,
1895; Seminary, 1895-98; licensed, April 6, 1897, Presbytery of
Pittsburgh; ordained, April 13, 1898, Presbytery of Kittanning;
Concord and Goheenville, Pa., 1898-1901; Ford City, Pa., 1901-6;
Second, Mercer, Pa., 1906-10; pastor. Poke Run, Mamont, Pa.,
1910-17; Leechburg, Pa., 1917- ; died, Pittsburgh, Pa., July 30,
1917.
Davis, Samuel Miller
Born, Saltsburg, Pa., Dec. 29, 1839; Washington and Jefferson
College, 1866; Seminary, 1866-69; D.D., University of Wooster; li-
censed, Apr., 1868, Presbytery of Saltsburg; ordained, June 8, 1869,
Presbytery of Blairsville; pastor, Latrobe, Pa., 1869-75; Wellsville,
Ohio, 1875-84; Newton, Kan., 1884-94; pastor, Wilmerding, Pa.,
1896-7; president Steubenville Seminary, 1894-6; president, Synodi-
cal Seminary of the Synod of Michigan, 189 7-8; president, Barber
Memorial Seminary, 1898-1915; died, Philadelphia, Pa., December
14, 1920.
Dinsmore, Andiew Alexander
Born, Rowsburg, Wayne Co., O., Aug. 7, 1835; Jefferson Col-
lege, 1860; Seminary, 18 60-63; D.D., Washington and Jefferson
College, 1895; licensed, Apr. 16, 1862, Presbytery of Wooster; or-
dained, August 19, 1864, Presbytery of Winnebago; stated supply
and pastor, Neenah, Wis., 1864-6; pastor. First, Des Moines, Iowa,
1866-72; stated supply, Milford, Del., 1873-5; pastor, Bridesburg,
Philadelphia, Pa., 1875-87; pastor, Alhambra, Cal., 1887-97; pas-
tor's assistant, West End Church, N. Y., 1906-12; United States
Christian Commission during Civil war; field secretary. Occidental
30 (156)
Necrology
College, 18 9 6-9; Sunday School work, Utica (1899-01), Newark, N.
J. (1901-4), New York City and vicinity (1904-6); evangelist New
York, 1913-20; died New York, N. Y., Oct. 29, 1920.
Dunlap, Eugene Pressly
Born New Castle, Pa., June 8, 1848; Westminster College, Pa.,
1871; Seminary 1871-74; D.D., Grove City College and University
of Wooster; licensed, Apr. 23, 1873; and ordained Sept. 24, 1874,
Presbytery of Shenango; stated supply, Van Wert, Ohio, 1874-75;
foreign missionary to Siam, 1875-1918; teacher, Boys' School, Bang-
kok, 3 years teacher, (Theology and Church History) Siam, 5 years;
member of committee on Bible Translation and Revision, Siam
Mission; died Tap Teang, Siam, Apr. 4, 1918.
Numerous letters to Presbyterian Banner; articles in Assembly
Herald; Edible Birds Nests, Siam; Reminiscences of 3 3 years in
Siam; How shall we persuade Siamese to accept the Gospel?; Itiner-
ating in Siam; One year's itinerating in Siam; Medical Missions; A
Popular Siamese Preacher, published in Siamese language; Way of
Salvation; Siamese Primer and Reader; Evils of the Liquor Traffic;
Analytical Outline of the Life of Christ; Triumphs of the Gospel in
Formosa and Madagascar; Fifty-two Stories in the Life of Christ;
The Gospel for All.
Earnest, Harry Lavaii
Born, Fishertown, Pa., January 15, 1882; Albright College,
1907; Seminary, 1908-11; pastor, Lonaconing, Md., 1911-16; Cov-
ington, Ohio, 1916-18; Parnassus, Pa., 1918-20; died, Pittsburgh,
Pa., April 7, 1920.
Elliott, John
Born, Wellsville, O., Apr. 13, 182 9; Jefferson College, 1849;
Seminary, 1849-52; licensed, 1852, Presbytery of New Lisbon; or-
dained, Nov., 1852, Presbytery of Huntingdon; pastor, Williams-
burg, Pa., 1852-6; presbyterial missionary, 1856-7; pastor, Spruce
Creek and Sinking Valley, 1857-61; Bellevue and Leacock, 1861-9;
stated supply, Ottawa, Kan., 1869-71; Muscogee, I. T., 1875-80;
Oswego, Kan., 1880-8; honorably retired, 1890; died, Oswego, Kan.,
Dec. 22, 1920.
Ely, John Calvin
Born, East Buffalo, Washington Co., Pa., Aug. 11, 1849;
Washington and Jefferson College, 1874; Seminary, 1874-7; post
graduate, Seminary, 1879; D.D., Washington and Jefferson College,
18 94; licensed, Apr., 18 76, Presbytery of Washington; ordained,
June 6, 1877, Presbytery of Pittsburgh; stated supply, Mt. Pisgah,
Greentree, Pa., 1876-7; pastor. South Side, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1877-
80; Piqua, 0., 1880-5; synodical evangelist, Synod of Texas, 1885-
6; pastor, Xenia, O., 1886-97; professor (Homiletics) , Danville
Theological Seminary, 189 7-8; president, Caldwell College, 1897-
02; superintendent of Missions, Synod of W. Va., 1904-9; pastor,
Finleyville, Pa., 1910-12; Oakland, Md., 1912-21; died, Atlanta,
Ga., Jan. 19, 1921.
Farrand, Edward Samuel
Born Girard Co., Ky., Jan. 9, 1861; Centre College, Ky., 1885;
Seminary, 1885-88; licensed. May, 1887, Presbytery of Transylvania;
ordained, June 12, 1888, Presbytery of Pittsburgh; pastor, Mt.
31 (157)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Washington, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1888-92; pastor, Westminster, Topeka,
Kan., 1892-07; Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, Cal., 1897-99; Cameron,
Mo., 1900-10; stated supply Stanberry, Mo., 1902; pastor, Ponca
City, Ok., 1903-05; pastor, Kingsfisher, Ok., 1906-12; stated supply,
Los Molinos, Cal., 1913; pastor, Hollister, Cal., 1914-17; died Los
Angeles, Cal., Oct. 18, 1917.
Fisher, Jesse Emory
Born, Wayne Co., O., Nov. 24, 1838; Vermillion Institute, 1866;
Seminary, 1866-9; licensed, Apr. 26, 1868, Presbytery of Maumee;
ordained, 1872, Presbytery of Huron; stated supply. Savannah, Mo.,
1869-70; Lathrop and Marabile, Mo., 1870-1; Kendallville and Elk-
hart, Ind., 1871-2; Postoria, O., 1872-3; Auburn, Ind., 1873-5;
Woodstock, 111., 1875-7; Mineral Point, Wis., 1877-8; missionary,
1878-9; Columbus Grove, O., 1879-82; pastor elect, Quincy, Mich.,
1882-5; pastor. White Pigeon, Mich., 1885-92; North Church, Kala-
mazoo, Mich., 1892-5; pastor elect, Gowanda, N. Y., 1895-01; pastor
elect, Wright's Corners, N. Y., 1901-3; home missionary to' Seneca
Indians, 1903-21; died, Jan. 1, 1921, Iroquois, N. Y.
Gaston, William
Born Columbiana Co., Ohio, Apr. 19, 1835; Washington College,
1858; Seminary, 1858-61; D.D., 1886 and LL.D., 1890, Richmond Col-
lege, Richmond Va.; licensed, Apr. 13, 1860, and ordained, Oct. 18,
1861, Presbytery of New Lisbon; pastor, Glasgow, Pa., 1861-66;
Clarkson, Ohio, 1861-64; Bellaire, Ohio, 1866-80; pastor. North
Church, Cleveland, Ohio, 1880-07; pastor emeritus, 1907-17; modera-
tor, Synod of Ohio, 1905; died San Mateo, Fla., Dec. 30, 1917.
George, Samuel Carr
Born Logans Perry, Pa., July 8, 1832; Western University of
Pennsylvania, 185 8; Seminary, 18 58-61; post-graduate, Yale Univer-
sity, 1882; A.M., Western University of Pennsylvania, 1874; licensed,
Apr. 21, 1860, and ordained, Oct. 4, 1861, Presbytery of Allegheny;
foreign missionary to Siam, 1861-73; home missionary, 18J73^75;
pastor. Rocky Springs and St. Thomas, Pa., 1875-87; pastor, Mingo
Junction, Ohio, 1888; Newcomerstown, Ohio, 1889-90; Unionport
and Annapolis, Ohio, 1891-93; evangelist. East Liverpool, Ohio;
founded East Liverpool Academy, 1901; honorably retired; professor
of Semitic Languages, University of Pittsburgh, 1911-12; died Pitts-
burgh, Pa., Mar. 5, 1919.
Gould, Calvin Curtis
Born, Albion, 111., Nov. 28, 1832; Washington College, Va.,
1860; Seminary, 1860-3; licensed, Aug. 1862, Presbytery of Pitts-
burgh; ordained, Nov., 1863, Presbytery of Wooster; pastor, Wayne
and Chester, 0., 1863-6; stated supply, Chippewa and Canal Pulton,
O., 1866-71; pastor. Canal Fulton and Marshallville, O., 1871-73;
stated supply, Walkersville, Lebanon, and Gnatty Creek, W. Va.,
1873-75; Lebanon and French Creek, 1875-77; Burnsville and
missionary points, 1877-84; Sutton, W. Va., with ten preaching
points; editor "Mountaineer" 1880-06; stated supply, Ebenezer,
Valley, and Murphysville, Ky., 1885-7; pastor, Rendville and Oak-
fleld, O., 1889-91; stated supply, Amesville, O., 1891-99; stated
supply, Chester, 0., 1899-00; Superintendent of Academy while at
French Creek, W. Va., 4 months, 1875; evangelist. Presbytery of St.
Clairsville, 1888; honorably retired, 1903; died, Williamstown, W.
Va., Feb., 25, 1921.
32 (158)
Necrology
Published: John's Baptism not Christian Baptism, Pres. Bd.
Pub. 185 9; Who were the Mound Builders? 0 6.
Graham, Loyal Young
Born Butler, Pa., Oct. 22, 1837; Jefferson College, 1858; Sem-
inary, 185 8-61; D.D., Otterbein University, 1885; licensed, April,
1860, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, Oct. 11, 1861, Presbytery
of Blairsville; pastor, Somerset, Pa., 1861-65; Rehoboth, 1865-71;
pastor, 1871-1907, and pastor emeritus, 1908-17, Olivet Church after-
wards Olivet Covenant Church, Philadelphia, Pa.; travelled, Egypt,
Syria, Greece, 1884; lecturer in School for Christian Workers Phila-
delphia at various times; died Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 7, 1917.
Greenough, William
New York University, 1857; Seminary, 1857-60; licensed, April,
18 60, and ordained, 18 61, Presbytery of Ohio; pastor, Mingo, Pa.,
18 61-63; Piqua, Ohio, 1863-69; pastor elect, Logansport, Ohio,
1869-71; pastor. Fourth, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1871-73; Cohocksink,
Philadelphia, Pa., 1873-98; occasional supply, 1899-1919; modera-
to]-. Presbytery of Philadelphia, 1910; visitor Bethany church anJ
John Chambers Memorial church, 1908-12; honorably retired.
1919; died. Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 14, 1919.
Haines, Alfred AV.
Born near Canonsburg, Pa., Nov. 28, 1832; Jefferson College,
1853; Seminary, 1854-57; licensed, Apr. 1857, Presbytery of Ohio;
ordained, 185 8, Presbytery of Iowa; stated supply, Keosauqua, Iowa,
18 57; Crawfordsville, 1858-61; Eddysville, and Kirkville, Iowa,
1861-66; Crawfordsville, 1866-72; Brooklyn, Iowa, 18 72-5; Pleasant
Plain and Salina, Iowa, 1879-82; stated supply, Ladora and Deep
River, 1879-93; Des Moines, Iowa, 1893-97; resided in California
1897-1919, honorably retired; died San Diego, Cal., Mar. 12, 1919.
Hearst, John Pressly
Born, near Ashland, 0., Nov. 12, 1856; University of VVooster,
1878; Seminary, 1879-82; A.B., 1878, A.M., 1881, Ph.D., 1889, Uni-
versity of Wooster ; licensed, Apr. 18 81, and ordained, 18 82, Presby-
tery of Pittsburgh: foreign missionary, Osaka, Japan, 1883-93; pas-
tor. First, Hastings, Minn., 1893-6; Jeffersonville, Ind., 1896-8;
Crown Point, Ind., 1899-03; stated supply, Idaho Falls, Idaho, 1904;
Elk Grove, Cal., 1907-9; Fair Oaks, Cal., 19 09-11; pastor elect. Lake-
port, Cal., 1911; stated supply. First, Central Point, Ore., 1912;
pastor, Deshler, 0.. 1914-15; supply, Lafayette, Mich., 1916; died,
St. Ignace, Mich., March 31, 1917.
HelliAvell, Charles
Born Bradford, Yorkshire, England, May 31, 1863; Princeton
University, 1886; Seminary, 1900-01; A.B., 1886, and A.M., 1889,
Princeton University; Ph.D. 1898, and D.D., 1910, Waynesburg
College; licensed. Northern New Jersey Conference of Congregational
Churches; professor (Latin and English), Morris Academy, Morris-
town, N. J., 1886-90; ordained, Aug. 6, 1890, Congregational Council
at Park Ridge, N. J.; supply. Park Ridge (Congregational), N. J.,
and principal of private school, Madison, N. J., 1890-95; stated sup-
ply. Old Concord and Fairview, Pa., 1896-00; pastor, Mannington, W.
Va., 1901-06; pastor, Second Presbyterian Church, Bellaire, Ohio,
190 6-0 9; stated supply, Richmond, Bacon Ridge, and E. Springfield,
Ohio, 1909-12; Yatesboro, Pa., 1912-13: Rural Valley, Pa., 1912-18:
died, Rural Valley, Pa., June 29, 1918.
33 (159)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Heiidren, William Turner
Born, Groveport, Ohio, Dec. 19, 1834; Dennison University.
1861; Seminary, 1861-64; licensed, May 5, 1863, and ordained. May
11, 1864, Presbytery of Columbus; tiome missionary, Lake Superior.
1864-65; pastor, Sheldon, Minn., 1866-70; Caledonia, 1865-72; home
missionary and pastor, Neillsville, Wis., 1872-90; Greenwood, Wis.,
1890-95; home missionary and evangelist. 1895-99; honora'oly re-
tired, 189 9; pastor emeritus. Greenwood, Wis., 1900; died, Green-
vxod. Wis., March 20, 1920.
Hickling, James
Born, Hempnall, England, November 18, 1843, Seminary, 1878-
81; licensed, April 28, 1880, Presbytery of Washington; ordained
August 21, 1881, Presbytery of Clarion; pastor, Tionesta, Tylers-
burg, and Scotch Hill, Pa., 1881-88; Hadley, Georgetown, and Fair-
field, 1888-90; Dresden and Muskingum, Ohio, 1890-9 5; Liberty
and West Berlin, 1895-00; Millville, 1900-2; West Union, 1902-04;
Orleans and Livonia, 1904-07; Raymond, 111., 1908-14; honorably
retired, 1914; residence, Waynesburg, Pa., 1914-19; died, Waynes-
burg, Pa., June 2, 1919.
Hills, Oscar Ai"msti*ong
Born Brownsville, Ind., Dec. 13, 1837; Wabash College. 1859;
Seminary 1859-62; A.M., 1859, D.D., 1876, LL.D., 1918, Wabash
College; licensed. May 1, 1861, Presbytery of Crawfordsville; or-
dained, Nov. 25, 1862, Presbytery of Huntingdon; pastor Spruce
Creek, Pa., 1862-65; Central, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1865-78; North
Church, Allegheny, Pa., 1878-81; stated supply, Santa Barbara, Cal.,
1881-82; First Presbyterian Church, San Francisco, 1882-84; pastor,
First, Wooster, Ohio, 1885-98; Westminster, Wooster, Ohio, 1898-
1919; pastor emeritus, Westminster, Wooster, 1907-19; director.
Seminary, 1887-1919; died Jan. 9, 1919, Wooster, 0.
Companion Characters; Carminia Subsecivia; New Shafts in Old
Mines; various pamphlets; The Testimony of the Witnesses; Sermon
Building. '
Holcomb, James Foote
Born, Granby, Conn., Jan. 20, 1837; A.B., Jefferson College,
1858; Seminary 1858-61; D.D., University of Wooster, 18 96;
licensed, 1860, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, 1866, Presbytery
of Wooster; Hopewell and Nashville, O., 1866-8; Athens, 0., 1868-
70; foreign missionary, India (Lodiana, 1870-71; Furrukhabad,
1871-3; Allahabad, 1873-86; Jhansi, 1886-1909; Landour, India,
1910-); died Hollywood, Cal., Sept. 9, 1920.
Hough, Abia Allen
Born Jefferson Township, Fayette County, Pa., Mar. 29. 1838;
Washington College, 1863; Seminary, 1865-68; licensed, Apr. 1867,
Presbytei-y of Redstone; ordained, Apr. 23, 1874, Presbytery of
Peoria; stated supply. Center, 111, 1868-70; Limestone, i870-72;
stated supply. West Jersey, 1872-75; pastor, Smithfield, Ohio, 1875-
81; Pleasant Unity. Pa., 1881-86; Livermore, Pa., 1887-93; Bethel
and Waverly, West 'Virginia, 1893-97; teacher, 1864; residence. New
Kensington, Pa., 1897-1917. honorably retired, 1899; died, New
Kensington, Pa., July 3, 1917.
34 (160)
Necrology
Hunt, William Ellis
Born, Pedricktown, New Jersey, Feb. 24, 1833; A.M., Jefferson
College, 1853; Seminary,1853-56; D.D., Western University of Penn-
sylvania, 1905; licensed, 1855, Presbytery of Steubenville; ordained,
April, 1857, Presbytery of Coshocton; pastor, Coshocton, Ohio, 1857-
01; teacher in high school some months, also private classes; stated
clerk of Presbytery several times, moderator ten times; moderator
of Synod; honorably retired, 1911; died Coshocton, Ohio, July 14,
1919.
Published: History of Coshocton County; many newspaper and
magazine articles.
Hutchison, Orville Joseph
Born, Warnock, Ohio, Dec. 14, 1876; A.B., Franklin College,
New Athens, Ohio, 1901 (A.M., 1904); Seminary. 1901-04; licensed,
1903, Presbytery of Washington; ordained, Apr. 12, 1904, Presby-
tery of Kittanning; pastor, Elders Ridge, Pa.. 1905-10; First, Na-
trona, 1910-11; Elwood, Ind., 1911-14; Union City. 1914-]5; Hebron
and Mt. Olivet, Murdocksville, Pa., 1916-19; died, Murdocksville.
Pa., July 10, 1919.
Jones, U. S. Grant
Born, Newark, Ohio, June 16, 1864; University of Wooster,
1884; Princeton Theological Seminary, 1884-85; Seminary, 1885-
88; ordained 1890, Presbytery of Wooster; foreign missionary,
India, (Ferozepur, 1890-91; Lahore, 1892-95; Lodiana, 1896-04;
Dehra, 1905); pastor elect, Hicksville, Ohio, 190 8-09; foreign mis-
sionary, Rupar, India, 1909-19; died, Punjab, India, December 22
1919.
Jordan, Joseph Patterson
Born, Clearfield, Pa., January 4, 1864; Lebanon Valley College,
1887; Seminary, 1887-90; licensed, 1890, Presbytery of Pittsburgh;
ordained, April 28, 1890, Presbytery of Redstone; pastor, Leisen-
ring. Pa., 1890-91; pastor. Concord, Pa., 1891-93; pastor, McDonald.
Pa., 1893-1919; died, McDonald, Pa., June 6, 1919.
Keith, M. AVilson
Born Mercer, Pa., May 4, 1868; Westminster College, 1892;
Seminary 1892-95; licensed, 1894 and ordained, 1895, Presbytery of
Shenango; pastor, Princeton and Herman, 1895-9 8; Mahonington,
New Castle, Pa., 1898-1911; First Presbyterian Church, Coraopolis,
Pa., 1911-18; Chaplain 111th Infantry; killed in action, France,
Sept. 11, 1918.
Kyle, John Merrill
Born Cedarville, Ohio, May 18, 1856; University of Wooster,
1877; Seminary 1877-80; D.D., University of Wooster, 1892;
licensed, Apr. 10, 1879, Presbytery of Dayton; ordained, Oct. 5, 1880,
Presbytery of Wooster; pastor, Fredericksburg, O., 1880-82; foreign
missionary to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, 1882-9 0; Nova Friburgo, 1891-
09); worked among Portuguese in Mass. under Massachusetts
Home Missionary Society, 1909-18; died, Lowell, Mass, July 1, 1918.
Published: Raios de Luz, Portuguese; Bible Doctrines of Bap-
tism, Portuguese (Tract).
35 (161)
. The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Lehmann, Adolph
Born Savannah, Ohio, Nov. 6, 1847; University of Wooster,
1875; Seminary, 1875-78; D. D., University of Wooster, 1895;
licensed, June 14, 1877, Presbytery of Wooster; ordained, April,
1880, Presbytery of Zanesville; stated supply, 1878-79, and pastor,
1879-87, Dresden and Adams Mills, Ohio; pastor, Nottingham, Ohio,
1887-1902; stated supply. Beach Springs, Ohio, 1902-3; pastor,
Springdale, Ohio, 1903-14; died, Springdale, Ohio, Sept. 16, 1917.
Littell, Levi Clark
Born Newark, N. J., Feb. 1, 1831; Amherst College; Seminary,
1864-67; licensed, 1865, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, Dec. 4,
1867, Presbytery of Fort Wayne; stated supply, Ligonier, Ind.,
186 7-68; stated supply, Waterloo, Ind., 1868-70; stated supply, John
Knox, 111., 1870-71; stated supply, Peoria, 111., 1871-72; staled sup-
ply. Fort Dodge, Iowa, 1872-74; stated supply, Winchester, 111., 1874-
76; stated supply, Taylorsville, 111., 187 6-78; stated supply, Yates
City, 111., 18 78-80; stated supply. Oilman, 111., 18 80-82; stated supply,
Mount Vernon, Ind., 1882-83; Good Hope and Bardolph, 111., 1883-87;
without charge, 1887-17; died Rushville, 111., Oct. 28, 1917.
Logan, Thomas Dale
Born, Allegheny, Pa., Jan. 29, 1851; Lafayette College, 1869;
Seminary, 1870-1 and 1872-4; D.D., Lafayette College, 1894; licen-
sea, Apr., 1873, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, Jan. 20, 1875,
Presbytery of Erie; stated supply and pastor, Second, Meadville, Pa.,
1874-88; First, Snringfield, 111., 1888-1913; died Oconomowoc, Wis..
March 27, 1921.
Lutz, John S.
Born Fayette Co. Pa., Oct. 18, 1837; Washington College, 1862;
Seminary 1862-65; licensed, Oct. 5, 1864, Presbytery of Redstone;
ordained, Oct. 1, 1866, Presbytery Bureau; pastor, Aledo, 111., 1866-
69; stated supply and pastor. Center Church, Seaton, 111., 1869-76;
stated supply, Buffalo Prairie, 111., 187 6-97; honorably retired,
1898; died, Buffalo, 111., May 3, 1918.
McClelland, Thomas Jefferson
Born, Paddy's Run, (now Shandon), O., Jan. 6, 1844; Miami
University, 1868; Seminary, 1869-72; licensed, Dec. 20, 1871, Pres-
bytery of Pittsburgh; ordained, Nov. 13, 1872, Presbytery of Marion;
pastor, Chesterville, O., 1872-80; Pleasant Run and Camden, 1880-
1; pastor. New Paris and Ebenezer, and stated supply, Fletcher, 0.,
1881-7; pastor, Knightstown, Ind., 1888-90; pastor, Ebenezer, 0.,
1891-5; evangelist, Richmond, Ind., 1896-07; Hamilton, Ohio, 1908-
10; stated supply, West Carlisle and Bloomfield, Ohio, 1911-13;
honorably retired, 1914; died, Newark, O., Mar. 20, 1921.
McClure, Samuel Thompson
Born, Vincennes, Ind., Sept. 9, 1836; Hanover College. 1862;
Seminary, 18 62-6 5; licensed, 1865, Presbytery of Crawfordsville:
ordained, 1868, Presbytery of Neosho; stated supply, Topeka, Kan.,
186 5-6 6; Junction City, 18 6 6-68; Girard and Cherokee, 18 68-77-
Carlisle, 1877-78; Glenwood, Mo., 1878-80; Allerton, Iowa, 1880-
81; Milan, 111.. 1881-82; stated supply, Lyons. Iowa. 1882-8- .
evangelist, 86-7; editor, Kansas City, Mo., 1888-91; editor, Topeka
Kan., 1892-1919; died, Topeka, Kan., May 5, 1919.
36 (162)
I
Necrology
McKee, William Bergstresser
Born Boalsburg, Pa., May 22, 1829; Seminary, 1855-58;
licensed, April 1857, and ordained April 1858, Presbytery of Alle-
gheny; home missionary, Ashland and Bayfield, Wis., 185 8-61;
pastor, Bald Eagle, Pa., 1862-68; Silver Springs, 1862-70; Sparta,
N. J., 1871-1876; home missionary, Franklin Furnace, 1876-78; Mc-
Cune, Kan., 1878-83; Arlington, 111., 1883-85; Keithsburg, 111., 1885-
87; Calvary, 111., 1887-89; Milan & Coal Valley, 111., 189 0-95; honor-
ably retired, 1895; residence, Aledo, 111.; assistant pastor, Knox
Church, Los Angeles, Cal., during winter of 1905; died Aledo, 111.,
Feb. 22, 1919.
McKinley, Edward Grafton
Born Moore's Prairie, 111., Aug. 4, 1843; Washington and Jeffer-
son College, 1869; Seminary, 1869-72; licensed, April 1871, Presby-
tery of Washington; ordained, Sept. 2 9, 18 72, Presbytery Blairsville;
pastor, Pleasant Grove, Pa., 1872-1880; Ligonier, Pa., 1872-90;
home missionary, Florida, (stated supply. Center Hill & Orange
Bend, February-December, 1891; Bartow, 1891-189 4; Hawthorne
and Waldo, 1895-98; Crystal River and Dunnellon, 1898-1900; Can-
dler and Weirsdale, 19 01-12) ; honorably retired, 1913; stated clerk.
East Florida (now Florida) Presbytery, 1897- 1918; residence, Can-
dler, Fla.; died Candler, Fla., Nov. 12, 1918.
McLean, James
Born County Antrim, Ireland, Mar. 7, 1834; Westminster Col-
lege, New Wilmington, Pa., 1871; Seminary, 1871-74; licensed, April
1873; ordained, June, 1874, Presbytery of Shenango; pastor, Trans-
fer and stated supply, Fredonia, Pa., 1874-77; stated supply, Dundas
and Forest, Minn., 1878-79; stated supply, Rockford and Buffalo,
Minn., 1880; without charge, 1881-92; honorably retired 1893; resi-
dence, St. Peter, Minn.; died Anoka, Minn., April 19, 1917.
Martin, Samuel Albert
Born, Canonsburg, Pa., Nov. 1, 1853; Lafayette College, 1877;
Seminary, 1876-7 and 18 78-9; Edinburg, 1877-8; post graduate.
Princeton Theological Seminary, 1879-8 0; D.D., Lafayette College.
1892; licensed, Apr., 1878, Presbytery of Pittsburgh; ordained, Jan.
10, 1882, Presbytery of Westminster; stated supply, Hampden, Md..
1881; pastor, Christ Church, Lebanon, Pa., 1882-5; professor,
Lafayette College, 1885-95; president, Wilson College, 1895-03;
acting professor (Homiletics) Princeton Theological Seminary.
190 2-3; president Pennsylvania College, 1903-6; principal, Shippen-
burg State Normal School, 19 07-13; professor of Mental and Moral
Philosophy, Lafayette College, 1913-21; died Easton, Pa.. March
26, 1921.
Published: The Man of Uz; many reviews and magazine articles.
Mechlin, Lycurgns
Born, Butler County, Pa., Sept. 28, 1841; Washington annd Jef-
ferson College, 1874; Seminary, 1874-77; D.D., Franklin College,
New Athens, Ohio, 1898; licensed, April 6, 1876, ordained, June 29,
1877, Presbytery of Kittanning ; pastor, Elderton and Curries Run,
Pa., 1876-89; New Athens and Bannock, 1889-1902; stated supply,
Clarkson, 190 7-13; residence, Washington, Pa.; died Washington,
Pa., Jan. 13, 1919.
' 37 (163)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Montgomery, George William
Born, Greenfield, Mo., Aug. 30, 1858; Waynesburg College.
1884; Seminary, 1885-8; D.D.; licensed, 1881 (Cumberland Pres-
byterian); ordained, 1883 (Cumberland Presbyterian), Ewing, 111.;
stated supply, West Union (Cumberland Presbyterian), Pa., 18SR-
7; pastor First Church (C.Pr.), McKeesport, Pa., 1887-93; pastor,
First (Presbyterian), Oakmont, Pa., 1894-1908; superintendent of
missions. Presbytery of Pittsburgh, 1908-21; died, Oakmont, Pa.,
Jan. 2, 1921.
Mowry, Philip Henry
Born, Allegheny, Pa., March 6, 1837; Jefferson College, 1858;
Seminary, 185 8-61; D.D., Western University of Pennsylvania, 1882;
licensed, April, 1860, Presbytery of Pittsburgh (Reformed Presby-
terian); ordained, October, 1861, Presbytery of Philadelphia; pastor,
Fourth Church, Philadelphia, 1861-63; Big Spring, Newville, Pa.,
1863-68; Second Church, Springfield, Ohio, 1868-73; pastor. First,
Chester, Pa., 1873-1916; pastor emeritus, 1916-20; died, Chester.
Pa., May 28, 1920.
Newton, Edward Payson
Born Lahore, India, April 8, 1850; A. B., Princeton University,
1870; Seminary, 1870-73; licensed and ordained, 1873, Presbytery of
Allegheny; foreign missionary, Punjab, India (Ludhiana, 1873-94;
Khanna, 1894-1918); died Khanna, Punjab, India, April 10, 1918.
Oldand, John Ambrose
Born Washington Co., Pa., Aug. 20, 1877; Grove City College,
190 8; Seminary, 1911; and post graduate, 1916; pastor, Unionport,
Ohio, 1911-14; Boardman, Pa., 1914-15; Terra Alta, W. Va., 1917-
18; died Spencer, W. Va., March 6, 1918.
Orr, Thomas X.
Born Franklin Co., Pa., Aug. 10, 1836; Jefferson College,
Canonsburg, Pa., 1857; Seminary, 1860-63; D.D., Washington and
Jeffdison College, 1885; licensed, June, 1862 ; Presbytery of Carlisle;
ordained July, 18 63, Presbytery of Allegheny; pastor Central
Church, Allegheny, Pa., 1863-69; First Reformed Church, Philadel-
phia, Pa., 1869-83; Second, Peoria, 111., 1883-94; honorably retired,
189 4; attorney at law, 1857-60; residence, Philadelphia, Pa.; died,
Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 15, 1918.
Paden, Robert Akey
Born, Washington County, Pa., Dec. 2 5, 1852; Muskingum
College, 1876; Seminary, 1879-82; licensed, April 13, 1881, Pres-
bytery of Zanesville; ordained, July 12, 1882, Presbytery of Ft.
Dodge; missionary, Kossuth County, Iowa, 1882-83; Emmet County,
Iowa, 1883-85; stated supply, Burt, Iowa, 1886-88; pastor, Wilson's
Grove, Sumner, Iowa, 1889-94; stated supply, Efllngham, Kansas,
1894-97; pastor, Superior and Holmwood, Neb. (Reformed Presby-
terian), 189 7-19 09; Sumner, Iowa (Presbyterian), 19 09-14; Mc-
Cune, Kan., 1914-17; New Albin, Iowa, 1917-19; died. New Albin,
Iowa, June 10, 1919.
Peoples, Samuel Craig
Born, West Fairfield, Pa., Apr. 8, 1854; University of Wooster,
1878; Seminary, 1878-81; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1882; I).
38 (164)
Necrology
D., University of Wooster, 1907; licensed, Apr., 1880, Presbytery of
Wooster; ordained, Aug., 1882, Presbytery of Blairsville: medical
mis-ionary, Siam (Chieng Mai, 1883-5; Lakawn, 1885-95; Muang
Nan, 1895-1920); died, Siam, Dec. 27, 1920.
Price, Benjamin McCauley
Born, Feed Spring, O., May 27, 1852; Franklin College, O.,
1873; Seminary, 1875-8; licensed, Apr. 25, 1877, and ordained, Aug
28, 1878, Presbytery of Steubenville; pastor, Betliesda, 0., 187S-84
Alliance, 1884-87; Dennison, 1888-97; Fairbury, Neb., 1897-02
Creston and Jackson, O., 1903-4; Second, Wellsville, 0., 1904-09
Waterford, Pa., 1909-14; Shadyside, O., 1914-21; principal, Aca-
demy, New Hagerstown, Ohio, 1873-75; died, Shadyside, O.. teb
11, 1921.
Roth, Henry Warren
Born Prospect, Pa., April 5, 1838; A.B., 1861 and A.M., 1864,
Penn'^ylvania College, Gettysburg. Pa.; Seminary, 1862-64; D.D.,
Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pa., 1876; LL.D., Thiel
College, Pa., 1913; licensed, .June 8, 1863, and ordained, June 2,
18 65, Synod of Pittsburgh (Lutheran); stated supply, Grace, Pitts-
burgh, Pa., 1861-70; president, Thiel College, Greenville, Pa., 1870-
87; pastor. Wicker Pai'k Church, Chicago, 18 87-99; professor practi-
cal theology, Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary, 1891-96;
director and treasurer. Institution Protestant Deaconesses, 1901;
director, Passavant Hospital, since 1901; secretary. General Council
Lutheran Church, 1866-70; president, Pittsburgh Synod, 1871-73;
residence, Greenville, Pa.; died Sept. 25, 1918.
Shrom, William Pi-owell
Born, Carlisle, Pa., Nov. 2, 1840; Otterbein University, 1868;
Seminary, 1868-71; D.D., Otterbein University, 1886; licensed, Jan.,
and ordained, Feb., 1871, Allegheny Conference (United Brethren
in Christ); received by Presbytery of Zanesville, 1873; pastor, First,
Zanesville, O., 1873-83; First, Cadiz, 0., 1883-86; Fourth, Pitts-
burgh, Pa., 1886-05; pastor emeritus, 1905-07; stated supply, Ne-
ville Island, Pa., 1906-17; professor (Mental and Moral Science)
Lebanon Valley College, 1871-2; died, Pittsburgh, Pa., March 28.
1921.
Slagle, Bernard Wolff
Born, Washington, Pa., Dec. 27, 1832; W^ashington College.
1854; laAV student, 1854-5; Seminary, 1855-8; D.D.. Defiance Col-
lege, 1905; licensed, 1858, Presbytery of Washington; ordained,
1859, Presbytery of Palmyra; stated supply, MontioeHo and Canton.
Mo., 1859-61; stated supply (1862-70); pastor (1870-1905), pastor
emeritus (1905-20), Defiance, O., teacher (Homiletics) Defiance
College and Defiance Seminary, 1907-8; (Pastoral Theology) De-
fiance Seminary, 1908; died. Defiance, Ohio, April 28, 1920.
Sloan, William Nicolls
Born, Youngstown, Pa., Mar. 5, 1849: Vermillion Institute. O.
1870; Seminary, 1870-73; Ph.D., University of Wooster, 1896; li-
censed, 1872, Presbytery of Redstone; ordained. June, 1873, Pres-
bytery of Pittsburgh; pastor. Park Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., 18 73-78;
Foxburgh, Pa., 1879-80; Corry, Pa., 1881-86; Paris, 111., 1886-89;
Eau Claire, Wis., 1889-98; Helena, Mont., 1898-1907; pastor at
large. Presbytery of Helena, 1908-18; Mt. View, Cal., 1919; died.
Mt. View, Cal., Nov. 18, 1919.
39 (165)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Sloane, AVilllam Elmer
Born Saxonburg, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1863; Washington
and Jefferson College, 1887-90; Seminary 1893; licensed, April 5,
1892, Presbytery of Pittsburgh; ordained, May 9, 189 3, Presbytery
of Steubenville; pastor, Oik Ridge, Ohio, 1893-96; East Liverpool,
Ohio, 1896-97; Knoxville, Iowa, 1897-1901; Storm Lake, Iowa, 1901-
04 evangelistic work, 1904-06; Austin, Minn., 190 6-10; Minnea-
polis, Minn., 1910-12; Placentia, Cal., 1912-14; died Redlands, Cal.,
November 2, 1917.
Smith, George Gardner
Born, Pittsburgh, Pa., Nov. 22, 1838; Williams College, 1861:
Seminary, 1861-63 and 66-67; licensed. September 17, 1867, Pres-
bytery of Allegheny; ordained, August 19, 1868, Presbytery of Car-
lisle; pastor, Williamsport, Maryland. 18 68-74; Santa Fe. New
Mexico, 1874-79; Helena, Montana. 1879-80; Old Tennent, N. .J..
1881-85; Adams, N. Y.; Riverside, R. I., 1885-87; Santa Fe, New
Mex., 1887-95; Westminster. Allegheny, Pa., 1896; Brig^iton Road,
Allegheny, 1896-98; evangelist, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1899-07; Washing-
ton, D. C, 1907-09; Princeton, N. J., 1909-1919; U. S. Army. 1863-
65: died, Princeton, N. J., June 30. 1919.
Smoyer, Charlcis K.
Born Northampton County, Pa., Sept. 6, 1840; Heidelberg Col-
lege, 18 66; Seminary, 1868-71; post graduate, University of Wooster,
1887; Ph. D., University of Wooster, 1887; licensed, April, 1870,
Presbytery of Pittsburgh; ordained, 1873, Presbytery of Alton; stat-
ed supply. Maple Creek and California, Pa., 18 70, Nokomis and
Moweaqua, 111., 1870-73; Huron, Ohio, 1870-76; home missionary,
Elmore, Genoa, Greytown, Martin, and Rocky Ridge, Ohio, 1873-86 ;
Tyndall, S. Dak., 1887-91; stated supply Genoa, Clay Center, Ohio,
1906-12; and Greytown, Ohio, 1892-1912; superintendent of public
schools, Huron, Ohio, 18 8 5-87; county examiner of teachers, Ottman
County, Ohio, 1903-19 08; residence, Elmore, Ohio; died Elmore,
Ohio, May 9, 1917.
Stevens, Lawrence Montfort
Born, Butler Co., 0., Jan. 9, 1835; Miami University. 1855;
Seminary, 1857-60; D.D., Presbyterian College, Florida, and Uni-
versity of Wooster, 19 08; licensed, Dec. 27, 1858, Presbytery of
Miami; ordained. Mar. 6, 18 61, Presbytery of Chicago; stated supply.
Pleasant Valley and Bath, O., 1859; pastor, Marengo, 111., 1860-7;
stated supply, Brookville, Ind., 1867-8; pastor, First, Laporte, 1869-
71; pastor elect, Delphi, 1871-3; stated supply. Cedar Grove, Pa.,
1873-4; pastor Sturgis, Mich. , 1875-7 ; stated supply, Constantine,
1877-9; Prattsburg, N. Y., 1879-87; New Berlin, 1888-91; Kissim-
mee, Fla., 1891-3; Sorrento and Seneca, 1893-0 5; teacher, 1855-7:
horonably retired, 1905; acting president. Presbyterian College.
Florida, 1907; died, Eustis, Fla., Apr. 29, 1920.
Steven.son, Joseph Hover
Born Belief ontaine, Ohio, Oct. 13, 1831; Miami University, Ox-
ford, Ohio, 1859; Seminary, 1861-64; D.D., Miami University, V889;
licensed, April 16, 1863, Presbytery of Sidney; ordained, Oct. 14,
1864, Presbytery of Redstone; pastor, Brownsville, Pa., 1864-68;
Birmingham, Pa., 1868-69; Groveport, Ohio, 1870-73; Fairview, W.
Va., 1873-75; Sewickley, Tyrone, and Scottdale, Pa., 1875-83; Nash-
40 (166)
Necrology
ville, 111., 1883-87; evangelist Presbytery of Cairo, 1887-88; Mt. Car-
mel, 111., 1888-96; Golconda, 111., 1899-1903; Kings, 111., 1903-09;
Brookville, 111., 1909-11; honorably retired, 1911; pastor, Brookville,
111., 1912; River Forest, 111., 1913; principal Academy, Greenfield,
Ind., 1859-61; died Largo, Fla., Nov., 27, 1918.
Published, Centennial History of Tyrone church, 1876; Me-
morial of Rev. John E. Spilman, D. D.
Stewart, Fitiz Patrick
Born, Barbados, British West Indies, Nov. 10, 188 5; A.B., Lin-
coln University, 1915; Seminary, 1915-19 (B.D. 1919); A.M., Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh, 1918; died, San Fernando, Trinidad, BWI
March 31, 1920.
Stonecipher, John Franklin
Born Allegheny County, Pa., Aug. 22, 1852; Lafayette College,
Easton, Pa., 1874; Seminary, 1874-77; D.D., Lafayette College, 1899;
licensed, April 26, 1876; Presbytery of Pittsburgh.; ordained, Jan.
29, 1878, Presbytery of Erie; pastor, First, Mercer, Pa., 1877-82;
Dover, Del., 1883-94; chaplain, Delaware Legislature, 1883, 1887,
18 93; librarian, Lafayette College, 1902-19; died Easton, Pa., Feb.
19, 1919.
Thompson, Thomas Milton
Born Pittsburgh, Pa., May 26, 1852; University of Wooster,
18 75; Princeton Theological Seminary, 1875-76; Seminary, 1876-78;
licensed, 1877, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, 1878, Presbytery
of Butler; stated supply and pastor, Martinsburg and New Salem. Pa.,
1877-80; North Washington, 1880-83; Freeport, Pa., 1883-90;
Sharpsburg, Pa., 1890-1910; Third, Uniontown, Pa., 1910-17; died
Bellevue, Pa., Jan. 16, 1919.
Waterman, Isaac N.
Born Fox Chase (Philadelphia) Pa., Feb. 11, 1846; Washing-
ton and Jefferson College, 18 76; Seminary, 1876-79; licensed, April
1878; ordained, June 12, 1879, Presbytery of Baltimore; stated sup-
ply and pastor, Redding, Cal., 1879-8 6; Gilroy and Hollister, 18 8 6-
88; Oakdale, 1888-89; stated supply, Ukiah, 1889-91; pastor, Covelo,
1891-95; residence, Pomona, Cal.; died Pomona, Cal., Nov. 11, 1918.
Watson, Robert Andrew
Born Athens, N. Y., Sept. 2, 1848; Scio College, Scio, Ohio, 1871;
Seminary, 1871-74; Master of Arts, Scio College, 188 0; D.D., Illinois
Wesleyan University, Bloomington, 111., 1901; licensed, Sept., 1873,
Presbytery of Steubenville; ordained, 1874, Presbytery of Wooster;
pastor, Shreve, Ohio, 18 74-7 7; West Rushville, Ohio, 1878-85;
Radnor, Ohio, 1885-88; Mt. Leigh and Eckmansville, Ohio, 1889-95;
Montgomery, Ohio, 1896-9 7; Lewisville, Ind., 189 8-9 9; evangelist,
Ohio, 1900-19 03; traveled in Europe, 1904; pastor. West Liberty,
W. Va., 1909-12; Marseilles, Ohio, 1912-14; occasional supply, Ashe-
ville, N. C. (1914-15), California, Mexico, Florida (1915-16), West
Liberty, W. Va. (1916-17), and Columbus, Ohio; died Columbus,
Ohio, March 17, 1918.
Wilson, William James
Born Truitsburg, Clarion County, Pa., Nov. 13, 1844; Westmin-
ster College, New Wilmington, Pa., 1873; Seminary, 1873-76;
41 (167)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
licensed, April 1875, Presbytery of Shenango; ordained, June 14,
1876, Presbytery of Kittanning; pastor, Union and Midway, Pa., 1876-
79; stated supply, Malvern, Iowa, 1879-80; pastor, Callensburg, Pa.,
1880-91; Sligo, Pa., 1880-83; Concord, Pa., 1885-91; stated supply,
Bethesda, Pa., 1883-91; pastor, Curries Run, Pa., 1891-1906; Center
Pa., 1891-1916; Washington Church, Kittanning Presbytery, 19 00-
13; honorably retired, 1917; died Indiana, Pa., Dee. 16, 1918.
Wishart, Marcus
Born, Washington, Pa., February 4, 1836; Washington College,
1854; Seminary 1856-59; licensed, 1860, and ordained, 1861, Pres-
bytery of Washington; stated supply, Maline Creek. Mo.. 1860;
Third, Wheeling, W. Va., 1861-62; First, Meadville, Pa., 1863-64;
pastor, Tarentum, 18 68-70; stated supply, Minersville, 1871; pastor,
Rehoboth, Belle Vernon, 1874-77; Waterford, Pa., 1877-08; hon-
orably retired, 1909; died, Waterford, Pa., May 16, 1919.
AVotring^ Frederick Rahauser
Born Washington County, Pa., Jan. 26, 1836; Washington Col-
lege, Washington, Pa., 1859; Seminary, 1859-62; licensed, April
1861, Presbytery of Washington; ordained, Oct. 26, 1863, Presbytery
of Winnebago; pastor. Portage City, Wis., 18 63-66; stated supply,
Van Wert, Ohio, 1866-6 8; pastor, Mansfield, Pa., 1868-78; Knoxville
and Ninth, Pittsburgh, Pa., 18 78-80; stated supply and pastor,
Wenona, 111., 1880-85; Plum Creek, Neb., 1886-88; stated supply,
Lexington, Neb., 1889-90; Rawlins, Wyo., 1891-93; Berthoud, Col.,
1894-97; pastor. Brush, Col., 1898-1903; honorably retired; resi-
dence, Petaluma, Cal.; died, Petaluma, Cal., Nov. 21, 1918.
Campbell, AVilliam AVard
Born Uniontown, Pa., Dec. 2 8, 1832; A.M., Washington College,
1856; Seminary, 1856-58; licensed, April, and ordained, Oct. 1859,
Presbytery of Redstone; professor, Monongalia Academy, Morgan-
town, W. Va., 18 58-5 9; pastor, Fairmont, W. Va., 1859-62; Parkers-
burg, W. Va., 1862-4; Seventh Street, Washington, D. C, 1864-7;
Nashville, Tenn., 1867-70; stated supply, Delphi and New Castle,
Ind., 1870-71; First, Plymouth, 18 72; stated supply. Second, New
Castle, Pa.; Gettysburg, Pa., 1872-5; stated supply. Presbytery of
Huntingdon, 1875-79; pastor, Unionville, Pa,; professor, Pennsyl-
vania State College, State College Pa., 1879-81; Grove, Aberdeen,
Md., 1881-84; died, Wilmington, Del., Jan 20, 1916.
Corbett, Hunter
Born, Clarion County, Pa., Dec. 8, 1835; Jefferson College.
1860; Seminary, 1860-62; Princeton Theological Seminary, 1863;
D.D., 1886, and LL.D., 1902, Washington and Jefferson College;
liecnsed, June, 18 62, and ordained, June 9, 1863, Presbytery of
Clarion; missionary, Chefoo, China, 1863-1920; moderator. Genera]
Assembly, 1907; died, Chefoo, China, Jan. 7, 1920.
Author: Church History (2 vols.); Ten Commandments; Be-
nevolence; a number of tracts; all in Chinese.
42 (168)
Necrology
Eaglesoii, Alexander Gordon
Born, Washington Co., Pa., Oct. 8. 1844; Iberia College, 1867;
Seminary, 1868-70; licensed, Apr., 1869, and ordained, Oct. 1870,
Presbytery of Marion; pastor, Oshkosh, Wis., 1870-2; Third, Wheel-
ing, W. Va., 1873-5; Washington, O., 1875-9; West Union, W. Va.,
1879-84; Freeport, 0., 1886-8; New Hagerstown, O., 1888-92;
stated supply, Ravia and Mill Creek, 0., 1908-1912; evangelist,
1892-14; honorably retired, 1915; died, Lore City, O., Oct. 30, 1920.
Eckels, Mervin Johnston
Born Cumberland County, Pa., June 18, 1854; Lafayette Col-
lege, 1877; Seminary, 1879-81; D.D., Lafayette College, 1894; li-
censed, June, 1881, Presbytery of Carlisle; ordained, October, 1882,
Presbytery of Baltimore; stated supply- and pastor, Havre de Grace,
Md., 1882-85; Salisbury, Md., 1885-90; Bradford, Pa., 1890-93; Arch
Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 1893; teacher, 1877-79; member of Pres-
byterian Board of Publication and Sunday School Work; trustee of
Presbytery of Philadelphia; trustee, General Assembly; died Jan 29,
1919, Wernersville, Pa.
Fullerton, George Humphrey
Born Bloomingburg, Ohio, Feb. 2 7, 1838; Miami University,
1858; Seminary, 1858-60; Princeton Theological Seminary, 1861;
A. B., Miami University^ 1858: D. D.. Wabash College, 18 83; licensed,
1860, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, 1863, Presbytery of Colum-
bus; Lancaster, Ohio, 1863-6 4; First Presbyterian Church, Sandusky,
1864-67; Lane Seminary Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, 186 7-74; Second
Presbyterian Church, Springfield, 111., 1875-79; Walnut Hills, Cin-
cinnati, 1879-86; pastor, Second Church, Springfield, Ohio, 1886-
1891; Third Church, 1891-1901; died Springfield, Ohio, Mar. 31,
1918.
Punk, Abraham L.
Born West Newton, Pa., Jan. 2, 1848; Otterbein University
1882; Seminary, 1881-82; licensed, June 12, 1879, Conference
United Brethren in Christ Church; ordained, Sept. 17, 1884, Alle-
gheny Conference of United Brethren in Christ Church; pastor, Scott-
dale, Pa., 1882-87; Riverside, Cal., 1887-94; Altoona, Pa., 1894-97;
East Pittsburgh, Pa., 1897-05; Beaver Falls, Pa., 1905-07; Connells-
ville. Pa., 1907-09; retired, Sept. 1909; resided. Riverside, Cal., 1909-
12; Westerville, Ohio, 1912-18; died, Westerville, Ohio, Aug. 13,
1918.
Grier, John Boyd
Born, Danville, Pa., Aug. 26, 1843; Lafayette College, 1864;
Seminary, 18 6 6-69; D.D., Lafayette College, 1889; licensed, April
28, 18 68, Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, Oct. 16, 18 73, Pres-
bytery of Wellsborough; pastor, Lawrenceville, Pa., 18 72-7 6; Ocean
Street, Jacksonville, Florida, 1876-77; Grove, Danville, Pa., 1879-
84; Lewisburg, Pa., 1884-88; adjunct professor (Modern Languages)
Lafayette College, 18 69-72; travelled in Europe; chaplain at inter-
vals, Jackson Health Resort, Dansville, N. Y. ; died, Ventnor, N. J.,
May 26, 1919.
Author: The English of Bunyan, 72 (J. B. Lippincott and Co.)
43 (169)
The BuUetin of the Western Theological Seminary
Hickling, Thomas
Born, Norfolk, England, July, 1845; Seminary, 1877-80; li-
censed, April, 1878. Presbytery of Allegheny; ordained, 1882, Presby-
tery of Waterloo; stated supply, Eldorado, Iowa, 1882; St. Lawrence
and Wessington, Dak., 188 3; home missionary, Millen, Dak., 18 85;
stated supply, LaFoon, Dak., 1886; Estelline, S. Dak., 1888-89;
Cedarville, 111., 1890-91; Milton, N. Dak., 1894; Towner, Rugby, and
Willow City, N. Dak., 1895; Elm River, N. Dak., 1896-97; La Porte,
Texas, 1898; entered Presbyterian Church, U. S., 1901; stated supply
La Grange and Calvert, Tex., 1901-14; supply, Brenham and Cald-
well; supply and pastor, Giddings and Dime Box, Tex., 1907-10; died
near League City, Tex., Jan., 1913.
Lindsey, Edwin J.
Born, Carlisle, Pa., Sept. 18, 1858; Dickinson College, 1885;
Seminary, 188 6-88; Union Theological Seminary, 188 8-8 9; licensed,
1889, Presbytery of Carlisle; ordained, October 3, 1889, Presbytery
of Ft. Dodge; pastor, Schaller and Early, Iowa, 1889-90; home mis-
sionary and stated supply (1889-1902) and district missionary and
stated supply (1902-09), Poplar (Indian), Mont.; Burns, Mont.,
1910; Savage, 1911; district missionary. Pine Ridge, S. D., 1912;
Gordon, Neb., 1913; Allen, S. D., 1914-17; professor, Santee, Neb.,
1918-20; died, Santee, Neb., Feb., 25, 1920.
Love, Robert Buell
Born, Hubbard, Ohio, September 2 2, 18 51; University of Woos-
ter, 1878; Seminary, 18 78-81; licensed, April 27, 1880, Presbytery
of Mahoning; ordained, Aug. 23, 18 81, Presbytery of Shenango;
pastor, Hopewell, New Bedford, Pa., 1881-8 5; Bethesda Church,
Ohio, 1885-91; First, Gallipolis, Ohio, 18 91-93; evangelist, 18 93-
1909; stated supply, Bellville and Butler, Ohio, 1910-16; pastor.
Nashville, Illinois, 1918-19; died, Wooster, Ohio, Sept. 17, 1919.
McKamy, John Andre^v
Born McDonough County, 111., Feb. 21, 1858; Lincoln University,
1882; Seminary 1885-8 7; Lebanon Theological Seminary, 1888; post-
graduate, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 18 92-93; post-
graduate, Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, 189 6-9 7;
Ph. B., Lincoln University, 1882; B.D., Lebanon Theological Semi-
nary, 1888; D.D., Waynesburg College, 1906; licensed, 1885 and or-
dained, 1887, Presbytery of Mackinaw (Cumberland Presbyterian);
stated supply. Concord, Fairview, Pa., Apr. to Nov. 1888; stated sup-
ply, San Jose and Selma, Cal., 1888-89; pastor, W^aco, Tex., 1889-92;
pastor, Louisville, Kentucky, 1892-97; pastor, Knoxville, Tenn., 1897-
98; editor, Sunday School Publications (Cumberland Presbyterian),
1898-0 6; editor-in-charge, Westminster Teacher, 1906-; pastor, Cory-
don, Ind., 1912-13; Lebanon. Ohio, 1913-15; pastor, Oswego, Kan.,
1916-17; died, McComb, 111., Aug. 25, 1917.
Mifflin, Henry Lander
Born, Bonavista, Newfoundland, Sept. 22, 18 61; Taylor Univer-
sity, Upland^ Ind.; Rochester Theological Seminary, one year; Sem-
inary, 1915-16; Presbyterian minister; died, Pittsburgh, Pa., Oct.
25, 1917.
44 (170)
Necrology
MuUer, G. C.
Born Johnstown, Pa., Aug. 14, 1870; Washington and Jefferson
College, 1891; Seminary, 1891-93; pastor, Barnesboro, Pa., 1899-
1901; without charge, Boswell, Pa., 1903-06; Somerset, Pa., 1907
-12; Evans City, Pa., 1914; Ligonier, Pa., 1915; died, Ligonier, Pa.
(R. D. 2), Sept. 19, 1915.
Owens, John Dyer
Born Spratt, Ohio, Mar. 27, 1893; A.B., Grove City College,
1916; Seminary, 1916-18; died, Camp Lee, Petersburg, Va., Sept. 22,
1918.
Patton, William Dickey
Born, New Castle, Pa., June 5, 1830; Jefferson College. iSoi);
Seminary, 1859-60; licensed, April 4, 1860, Presbytery of Pitts-
burgh (Reformed Presbyterian); oradined, 1862, Presbytery of
Philadelphia (Reformed Presbyterian); pastor Third (Reformed
Presbyterian), Philadelphia, Pa., 1862-6 6; Harrisville and Amity,
Pa., 1866-80; Carrollton, Missouri, 1880-81; Chillicothe, 1881-84;
Osage City, Kansas, 1884-87; stated supply, Florence, 1887-90;
Nebraska City, Neb., 1890-93; Barneston, 1894-95; staled supply,
Burchard, Neb., 1896; honorably retired, 1897; residence, Omaha,
Nebraska; died, Chicago, 111., Dec. 19, 1919.
■Reid, Alexander 3IcCandless
Born near Independence, Beaver Co., Pa., April 20, 1827; Jef-
ferson College, 1849; Seminary, 1850-51; Ph.D., Washington and
Jefferson College, 186 9; D.D., University of Wooster, 1902 ; licensed,
April 14, 185 7, and ordained, April 25, 1860, Presbytery of Steuben-
ville; stated supply, Hollidays Cove, W. Va., 1860-63; pastor at large
Presbytery of Steubenville, 18 63-1908; teacher, Sewickley Academy,
1845-48 & 51-56; principal and teacher, Steubenville Female
Academy, 185 6- ; moderator, Synod of Wheeling; member of Pan
Presbyterian Council, London; traveled abroad three times, Europe,
Algeria, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and the Holy Land; residence, Steu-
benville, Ohio; died Steubenville, Ohio, March 24, 1918.
Published: Life of Mrs. Beatty; Sketch of Dr. Beatty; Many
Newspaper articles; several sermons.
Taylor, Andrew Todd
Born, County Antrim, Ireland; A.B., Grove City College, 1889;
Seminary, 189 0-91 and post graduate, 18 93-9 4; Princeton Theologi-
cal Seminary, 1893; A.M., Princeton University, 1893; D.D., Grove
City College, 1906; licensed, 1892, Presbytery of Kittanning; or-
dained 1893, Presbytery of Washington; Mt. Prospect, Pa., 1893-
96; pastor, Gaston, Philadelphia, Pa., 1896-08; Cooke Church, To-
ronto, Canada, 1908-13; Third, Trenton, N. J., 1913-16; pastor.
First, York, Pa., 1917-19: died, York, Pa., December 21, 1919.
Thonii)son, Heniy Adams
Born^Center Co., Pa., Mar. 23, 1837; Jefferson College, 1858;
Seminary,/! 8 5 8-60; D.D., Washington and Jefferson College, 187 3;
LL.D., Wfestfield College, 111., 1886; licensed, Jan. 7, 1860, and or-
dained,/an. 7, 1861, Conference United Brethren in Christ; teacher,
Coileg^ of Indiana, 1860; Ligonier Academy, 1861; professor
(Math/matics) Western College, 18 63; professor, Otterbein Univer-
45 (171)
Ha>^Mo«fn
The Bidletm of the Western Theological Seminary
sity, 1863-8; superintendent public schools, Troy, 0., 1868-71; pro-
fessor, Westfield College, 111., 1871-2; president, Otterbein Univer-
sity,1872-86; assistant editor, (1893-97), editor, 1897-1901), and
assistant editor (1901-05), Sunday School literature (United Breth-
ren in Christ) ; editor. United Brethren in Christ Review, 1901- ;
died, Dayton, Ohio, July 8, 1921.
Author: Schools of the Prophets; Power of the Invisible; Our
Bishops; Biography of Bishop Weaver;v*A»*ievi o%-tH«J^i k^,- -
Wilson, Robert Bighani
Born Cedarville, Ohio, Feb. 13, 1872; Cedarville College, 1901;
Seminary, 1901-02; McCormick Theological Seminary, 1904; D.D.,
Cedarville College, 1918; ordained. Presbytery of Flint, June 5,
1904; pastor, Croswell, Mich., 1904-07; pastor, Hanna City, 111.,
1907-10; Hillsboro, 111., 1910-16; State Street, Jacksonville, 111.,
1916-18; died, Jacksonville, 111., June 26, 1918. ■ •
Woods, John
Born Hamilton, Ohio, Jan. 19, 1838; Miami University, Oxford,
Ohio, 1860; Seminary, 1860-61; Princeton Theological Seminary,
1862-63; D.D., Miami University, 1889; ordained, Sept. 25, 1861;
Presbytery of Oxford; pastor, Urbana, Ohio, 186 5-68; Bloomingburg,
1868-72; pastor elect. Ninth, Chicago, 111., 1872-73; stated supply,
Ft. Wayne, Ind., 1873-75; pastor, Chico, Cal., 1875-76; stated supply.
Cedar Falls, Ind., 1877-78; White Bear Lake, Minn., 1879-81; stated
supply, Andrew, Minneapolis, Minn., 1882; Willmar and Diamond
Lake, 18 83; pastor, Merriam Park, 1884-91; stated supply, Newark,
Ohio, 1892; pastor, Ludington, Mich., 1S93-1904; stated supply New
Carlisle, Ohio, 1905-1911; chaplain. United States Army; honorably
retired, 1911; died, Urbana, Ohio, May 6, 1918.
46 (172)
THE BULLETIN
OF THE
Western Theologieal Seminary
A Revie^v Devoted to tne Interests of
Xneological Education
Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October, by the
Trustees of the \^estern Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church
in the United States of America.
Edited by the President with the co-operation of tbe Faculty.
(Enttt^ntB
Page
Ninety-first Commencement 5
Frank Eakin, B.D.
Celebrating the Twentieth Anniversary of Dr. Kelso's Professorship 8
The President's Report 24
Treasurer's Report 36
Librarian's Report 3S
The Graduating Class 42
Index 43
Communications for the Editor and all business matters should be
addressed to
REV. JAMES A. KELSO,
731 Ridge Ave., N. S.. Pittsburgh, Pa.
75 cents a j-ear. Single Number 25 cents.
Each author is solely responsible for the views expressed in his article.
Entered as second-class matter December 9, 1909, at the postofRce at Pittsburgh, Pa.
(North Diamond Station) under the act of August 24, 1912.
Press of
pittsburgh printing
pittsburgh, f
1921
Faculty
The Rev. JAMES A. KELSO, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President and Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature
The Nathaniel W. Conkling Foundation
The Rev. ROBERT CHRISTIE, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Apologetics
The Rev. DAVID RIDDLE BREED, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Homiletics
The Rev. DAVID S. SCHAFF, D. D.
Professor of Ecclesiastical History and History of Doctrine
The Rev. WILLIAM R. FARMER, D. D.
Reunion Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution
The Rev. JAMES H. SNOWDEN, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Systematic Theology
The Rev. SELBY FRAME VANCE, D. D., LL. D.
Memorial Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. DAVID E. CULLEY, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor of Hebrew
The Rev. FRANK EAKIN, B. D.
Instructor in New Testament Greek and Librarian
Prof. GEORGE M. SLEETH
Instructor in Elocution
Mr. CHARLES N. BOYD
Instructor in Music
3 (175)
The Bulletin
— of me —
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
Volume XIII. July, 1921. No. 4
Ninety-first Commencement.
The Rev. Frank Eakin, B.D.
There were several unusual features about the Com-
mencement of 1921. One of these was the place and time
of holding the main exercises on Thursda}^ (May 5th).
The}'' were held at 8 o'clock in the evening instead of in
the afternoon, the place of assembh'' being the historic
and beautiful First Church on Sixth Avenue. The alumni
met for their annual reunion and dinner in the McCreery
dining room, adjoining the church, at 5 P. M. Nearly
two hundred were present.
Another unusual item on the week's program was
the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of Presi-
dent Kelso's professorship. This was natural!}^ the to-
pic of dominant interest at the alumni gathering. In
speeches bv Rev. Grant E. Fisher, of Turtle Creek, Rev.
W. R. Craig, of Butler, and Rev. W, G. Felmeth, of
New Kensington, warm tributes were paid to Dr. Kelso
as an executive, a scholar, and above all as a friend of
students, a great human, a Christian gentleman. Dr.
John Kelman, present as the Alumni Association's guest
of honor, spoke of his sense — after only a few hours ac-
quaintance— of Dr. Kelso's extraordinary personal
charm.
It would be interesting to know how many others,
whose contacts with him have been quite as brief and
5 (177)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
casual, would gladly bear the same witness if they had the
chance. Undoubtedly the number would be large. As for
the Alumni, students, and faculty of Western Theologi-
cal Seminary, whose association with its President has
been close, our sense of the value of that association
to us is literally beyond words to express. If the con-
tagion of his spirit and character have been without ef-
fect on our lives and work, the blame be ours.
At the evening exercises a portrait of Dr. Kelso —
a gift of the Alumni Association to the Seminary — was
unveiled, At the same time announcement w^as made
of the action of the Board of Directors in granting him
a $1,000 increase in salary and a ^^ear's leave of absence
— the time of the latter to be at his discretion.
Another important action of the Board of Directors,
at their meeting Thursday morning, was the election of
the Kev. Selby Frame Vance, D. D., LL. D., of the fac-
ulty of the Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, to till
the vacant chair of New Testament Literature and
Exegesis. Dr. Vance is widely known as a scholar and
churchman. He had many years of experience in work
similar to that to which he is called and his election will
give added strength to Western's faculty.
No doubt to many returning alumni one of the great-
est privileges of this 3^ear's commencement was that of
hearing Dr. Kelman speak. At the alumni dinner he
talked of the ministry of Dr. Alexander Whyte, "the
last of the Puritans", with whom he was formerly asso-
ciated in the pastorate of St. George's Free Church in
Edinburgh. His remarkable power as a preacher, as Dr.
Kelman analyzed it, lay chiefly in three chracteristics.
He was (1) An appreciator, (2) A man of deep experi-
ence, (3) A master of imagination. The theme of Dr.
Kelman 's main address, Thursday evening, was "The
Cross of Jesus the Measure of the World." It was a
deeply suggestive address. "Gentlemen, 3^ou will not need
to go beyond Jesus for any Gospel that will save your
age." This was the burden of the speaker's thought for
the' men about to go into the active ministry.
Space will alloAv onh^ brief reference to other events
of Commencement week. The Baccalaureate service on
6 (178)
Ninety-first Commencement
Sunday, May 1st, was held in the Sixth Presbyterian
Church. President Kelso preached from Luke 4 :9-12, his
theme being the temptation which now besets the church
and the ministry to try to attain their spiritual ends
through spectacular and materialistic means. The an-
nual Commencement program of the Cecilia Choir was
rendered Wednesday evening in the Homewood Presby-
terian Church. The program consisted entirely of Rus-
sian Church music, sung without accompaniment. Its
rendering was cpiite up to the Cecilia standard — which is
saying much. Despite bad weather the audience was
large.
Officers of the Alumni Association elected for the
ensuing year are as follows : President, Rev. Samuel
Blacker, of Irwin ; Vice President, Rev. Charles N. Moore,
of Zelienople; Secretary, Rev. Thos. C. Pears, Jr., .of
Pittsburgh.
At the Thursday evening exercises the diploma of
the Seminary was awarded to Messrs. George Kyle Bam-
ford, Robert Harvey Henry, Andrew Jay Hudock,
Charles Jesse Krivulka, Frederic Christian Leypoldt,
Walter Lysancler Moser, Hampton Theodore McFadden,
John Christian Rupp, Abraham Boyd Weisz, and Joseph
J. Welenteichick. A special certificate was awarded to
Mr. Leon Buczak. The degree of Bachelor of Divinity
was conferred upon Messrs. Alfred D'Aliberti, Arthur
Henr}^ George, James Adolph Hamilton, John Toma-
sula, George K^de Bamford (of the graduating-' class),
and Walter Lysancler Moser (of the graduating class).
The Seminary fellowship was awarded to Mr. Walter
Lysander Moser; the Keith Memorial Homiletical Prize
to Mr. George Kyle Bamford; a Hebrew Prize to Messrs.
Arthur Dow Behrends and Calvin H. Hazlett, of the Jun-
ior Class; and Merit Prizes to Messrs. W. H. Millinger,
P. L. Warnshuis, and J. W. Willoughbv, of the Middle
Class, and Messrs. Calvin H. Hazlett, Willard C. Mellin,
and AVilliam Owen, of the Junior Class.
(179)
Celebrating the Twentieth Anniversary of
Dr. Kelso's Professorship.
The Rev. George Taylor, Jr., Ph. D.
A real tribute of affection was shown to Dr. Kelso
during this last Commencement season in conneetion.with
the celebration of his twentieth anniversary as a profes-
sor in the institution. The Board of Directors committed
the arrangements for a suitable recognition of this event
to a committee with Dr. George Taylor, Jr., Chairman,
and Dr. Hugh T. Kerr from the Board of Directors, Mr.
Ralph W. Harbison and Mr. S. S. Marvin from the
Board of Trustees, and Dr. William R. Farmer from
the Facult}^ The committee arranged the exercises r^o
that the event would be brought before the public as well
as the Alumni. Thus the portrait of Dr. Kelso which
v^as given b}^ the Alumni was presented to the Seminary
by Dr. Farmer, a classmate of his in college days, at the
regular Commencement exercises held in the First Pres-
byterian Church of Pittsburgh. But the addresses by the
three Alumni were delivered at the five o'clock dinner
where the Rev. John Kelman, pastor of the Fifth Ave-
nue Presbyterian Church of New York City, was the es-
teemed guest. The Rev. Geo. L. Glunt, president of the
Alumni Association, introduced the subject of Dr. Kel-
so's celebration through the Chairman of the Commit-
tee, Dr. Ta3'lor, who spoke as follows :
"Mr. Chairman, I am not one of those who have
been chosen to make speeches. The names are given
on the program. But a bit of history may help to
lay the matter clearly before you. Just as soon as the
Board of Directors learned that Dr. Kelso had been
a professor in the Seminary for twent}^ years they
decided that it would be onl}^ fitting to make some men-
tion of it at this particular time. At this dinner it
has taken the form of three addresses, which are to be
given by Dr. Fisher, one of his classmates. Dr. Craig,
and the Rev. Mr. Felmeth.
"Before these Alumni speak, a brief word about the
Board's action in connection with the anniversary will
be in place. There are two reconnnendations tliat were
8 (ISO)
Twentieth Anniversary — Dr. Kelso's Professorship
passed by the Board this moi'iiing, both of which will
be of interest to you and in which, I know, you will
heartily concur. The first grants to Dr. Kelso one
years' leave of absence, when in his own judgment the
conditions in the Seminary will permit him to have
this freedom. And the second comes as a recommenda-
tion to the Board of Trustees for an increase of $1,000.-
00 in his salary. As you all know, he has been filling two
offices in connection with our Seminary, one as Presi-
dent of the institution and the other as Professor of
Hebrew and Old Testament Literature. He has been
doing both of them Avell and the Board felt that this
should be recognized, in addition to the one year's va-
cation Avith salary.
''Xow I know that Ave all love him. Those Avho have
been under his instruction and have come in touch with
him as a man and a friend have come out of the Sem-
inary feeding that they had been associated Avith a real
Christian gentleman. And so far as I have been able to
learn through my touch Avith the different men Avho
haA^e been in Dr. Kelso's classes, or Avho have been
privileged to associate with him in the Seminary, they
have all had one testimony, that he is a fine Christian
gentleman. After all, this is the biggest heritage that
any man can leave Avith a pupil as he goes out into
the Avorld. And if Ave carry this same spirit to those
Avith Avhom Ave come in contact, I am sure Ave Avill be
doing a great thing for our oAvn institution.
"NoAv, Mr. Chairman, I Avill leave the matter in your
hands."
After Dr. Taylor's introduction the three addresses
Avere deliA^ered. A stenographic report of each is given
beloAv. The addresses were not prepared for publica-
tion and in making them a permanent record Ave haA'e
purposely preserved the' free spontaneous style intact.
The first comes from Rev. Grant E. Fisher, D. D., pastor
of the First Presbyterian Church of Turtle Creek, Pa.,
and a. classmate of Dr. Kelso in the Seminary.
''Mr. Chairman, felloAv-classmates of the most il-
lustrious class of the Western Theological SeminarA*.
(Cries of Oh! Oh!) AVhy not? If Ihe election of
9 (181)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Woodrow Wilson to the presidenc^^ of the United
States made the class of '79 the most illustrious class
of Princeton University, why may not the election
of James A. Kelso to the presidency of the Western
Theological Seminary make the class of '96 AVestern's
most illustrious class! I note you approve of this
logic. That is good.
"I begin again. Mr, Chairman, fellow-classmates
of Western's most illustrious class, fathers, and
brethren : Ofttimes there are two puzzles before the
preacher. The one is the selection of his subject; the
other is how to handle the subject after it as been cho-
sen. The second is ni}^ puzzle this evening. Possibl)'
I can do no better than to follow the good old-fashioned
method taught us so thoroughly in the Seminary, viz.
the negative-and-positive method.
"First, then, negatively. My subject is not a bad
subject, never was, and is not now. This may sound
a little heterodox, but I assure 3-ou I am not inviting
a heresy trial. I beg 3"ou to remember that I am only
speaking from the time of my meeting with him dur-
ing my middle year in the Seminary. The years be-
fore that time are a sort of 'No Man's Land' to me.
The}^ ma}^ not have been such white years, but I
would fain believe they were not different from the
years I knew. Never did my subject attempt to warble
college songs or vaudeville ditties in the hallway at un-
seasonable hours, seeking to recall men as righteous
as he from their peaceful rest in that land in which
Lot pitched his tent. Never did he invite the light-
ning by placing (unobserved, of course) a copy of the
Pittsburgji Post on Professor Riddle's desk. Never
did he try to disturb the profound tranquility of Profes-
sor Sleeth by uttering his tones from the abysmal re-
gion under the waistband, a most tantalizing habit
to a professor of 'Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution', and
one into which so many embryo theologs fall. Nor did
he seek to tickle the funnybone of Professor Jeffers —
an undertaking which was carried to a successful is-
sue but twice during my three years' stay in that de-
partment. Do you wish to hear the story of one of
10 (182)
Twentieth Afmiversary — Dr. Kelso's Professorship
these undertakings f It liappened on this wise. One
Saturday we were given the exquisite pleasure of at-
tempting to take notes on that ancient and honorable
subject, 'Old Testament Introduction', and on the fol-
lowing Saturday the not less exquisite pleasure of at-
tempting to recite on said notes. On the memorable
day in question a deep calm voice issued from the front
part of the recitation room: 'Mr. B., please tell us
one of the peculiarities of the Hebrew language dur-
ing the period under discussion'. Mr. B. begged to
be excused from reciting b^^ saying, 'Professor, I did
not get your notes very accurately '. ' Oh ! try it, try
it, Mr. B.' Mr. B. rose with great hesitation and did
try it, and this was his 'try'. 'I think', said Mr. B.,
'that one of the peculiarities of the Hebrew language
during the period under discussion was that they did
not have any girls in those days'. The professor's
seemingly immobile face relaxed and the boys were
Avilling to go under oath that the}^ heard a sound
strong!}^ resembling a laugh coming from the region
of the professor's desk. The credit for this almost
unheard-of feat goes not to Kelso, but to Brown.
Now, President Kelso, I see that the funnybones of
this audience are, in the inain, harder to tickle than
that of even our sober professor. You will have to
explain at your leisuree the 'point' in this 'classic'
story. Kindly hint to these Hebraists that 'in the
period under discussion' our word, na'ar, was used
frequently for both sexes.
"Second, positively. In the first place, my subject is
a congenial subject, always was, and is noAv. He is
no recluse. He carries with him an atmosphere of
warmth and geniality whicli makes him companionable
everywhere. He can make himself at home with the
man in the street, with the scholar in his 'den', with
the business man in his office, and with his students
in the Seminary hall. Some time since I was called
by Presbytery to fill another pulpit than my own, and
I wondered whom I would get to preach for me that
day. I thought of my old classmate. President Kelso.
He agreed to come. At that time my sister and a niece
11 (183)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
were visiting at the manse, and when I broke the news
to them that the President of the Western Theological
Seminary was coming consternation tilled their bosoms.
They held a hasty conference and wisely concluded
that the only safe conrse for them was, as soon as it
would be courteous after the noonday meal, to scam-
X)er up stairs and hide under the bed. With this
grim determination they seated themselves at the table.
But lo ! by h^qonotism, or by some of the occult sciences,
my subject so captivated them that they forgot their
solemn covenant and spent the whole afternoon listen-
ing to his vivid word-pictures of vacation scenes and
his thrilling accounts of his Cod3^an prowess in gun-
nery in the Canadian forests where the hippopotamus
and rhinoceros were as helpless before his deadly aim
as a chipmunk. When I returned on Monday the ver-
dict was 'Kelso is a good scout'.
"In the second place, my subject is a practical sub-
ject. 'Hoot mon', said a 'Scottie' to his minister
who had just declared that ministers as a class are
23ractical, ' Hoot mon, gie us a bit proof o' it.' Lis-
ten to one of President Kelso's sermons and 3'Ou will
be convinced that he not only keeps abreast of the best
scholarship of the day, but also keeps in touch with
the great throbbing life of this workaday age, 'the
common everydayness of the world'. Look upon those
sj)lendid buildings on Ridge Avenue, and you will
have concrete evidence of his instinct for the practical.
He seems endowed with a genius for reaching his hands
into the pockets of men of wealth and extracting their
contents — with the willing and gracious consent, of
course, of the owners — when said contents are for the
Seminary. In all his work his practicality takes the
higher form of aiming at the edification of the church
and of adapting the Seminary curriculum to the needs
of the da}^
"Again, ni}^ subject is a schorlarly subject. Broadly
speaking it may be said there are two main classes
of scholars. The tirst is the 'ipse dixit' class whose
pet slogans are such as these,-' all scholars agree',
'the assured results of criticism', and 'outworn tra-
12 (184)
Tiventieth Anniversary — Dr. Kelso's Professorship
ditionalism'. These, in a fashion, constitnte a sort of
mutual admiration society, patting each other on the
back, and seeking to make the world believe that they
are the Jupiters in the firmament of scholarship.
Quite often they prove to be but little lights that have
one brief day and then in darkness fade away. The
second class of scholars is just as painstaking and ac-
curate as the first but decidedly more discriminating
and decidedly more discretely silent, when 'silence is
golden'. In this day of shifting sands in religious
teaching, the Christian world is to be congratulated
on having such scholars. On the one hand, they are
capable of meeting in a candid and satisf3'ing way
the questions of those who in their hearts know that
the Bible is the word of God, but who are disturbed
because men, supposed to be wiser than they, say that
it is not. On the other hand, they draw such a 'firm
division line of criticism' that those qualified to ex-
amine for themselves the bases of critical theories
have a meridian from which they can reckon their
longitude amid the confusing intricacies of modern
speculation. From a perusal of his writings and from
personal contact with the man, I am constrained to
put our scholar in this latter class.
"But my subject is also an optimistic subject. To
this he is compelled by his faith. Professor A. B.
Bruce, after pointing out the aposiopesis in the He-
brew at the beginning of the verse, 'I had fainted un-
less I had believed to see the goodness of the Lord',
was wont to say to his class 'Fainted! worse things
than that will happen to the man who does not believe
to see the goodness of the Lord'. In many directions
there is much to chill the one who believes in the di-
vineness of Christianity. But no optimism is worth
much which does not rise victoriously over the pes-
simism in the Avorld.
"Mr. Chairman, I have already exhausted the time
allotted to me. As my subject is an inexhaustible sub-
ject, I gladly hand it over to the two speakers who are
to follow me, knowing that they will add much that
will be edifyng and fitting. President Kelso, your
13 (185)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
class, the class of '96, is proud of you, aud glad of the
fact that this anniversary day was set in jowa honor."
The second address was given by the Rev. William
R. Craig, D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church
of Butler, Pa. Dr. Craig's deep appreciation of Presi-
dent Kelso is revealed in his words :
"Mr. President, fathers, and brethren: Since last
evening I have nourished a slight grudge toward my
friend, Dr. Taylor. It was at that late hour that I
received his letter informing me that I was one of
three men to make some remarks on this occasion of
Dr. Kelso's 20th. Anniversar}^ After coming to the
city and meeting with Dr. Taylor, I have been greatly
comforted and relieved by what he told me. I re-
minded him that the only suggestion in his letter was
that I was to speak 'ten minutes'. I said to him, 'What
do you want me to talk about!' He replied, 'Oh,
something personal'. Fear and trembling at once de-
parted, for I felt I could at least give expression to
my affection for Dr. Kelso. I presume I was asked to
speak as the representative of the class of 1906. A
famous and noted class it is. We do not attempt to
prove it ; like the Irishman, we just admit it.
"But I must get to the very delightful task of ex-
pressing my appreciation of the one whom w^e all honor
to-night. M}^ brethren, I am sure if knowledge and
loyalty to truth, if faith, patience, sympathy, and use-
fulness are qualities, at least some of the qualities,
that go to make a great teacher, then Dr. Kelso to a
marked degree meets these requirements. I wish I
had time to dwell on each of these virtues as I have
seen them exemplified in our beloved teacher. I have
alwaj'S been impressed with his marvelous patience.
Only a little while ago I was talking with one of my
classmates and he mentioned an incident in our Semi-
nary career which illustrates the patience manifested
by our teacher toward the Class of 1906. I recall very
vividly that one day Dr. Kelso was speaking to us of
the kings of Israel. He mentioned a certain king — I
do not now recall which one — but he spoke of this king-
as having reigned, let us say, from the year 830 to 820.
14 (186)
Twentieth Anniversary — Dr. Kelso's Professorship
Immediately one of our fellows proceeded to give an
exhibition of his woeful ignorance as he said in all
earnestness, 'Why, Dr. Kelso, that couldn't be — that
an^^ king reigned from 830 to 820. How could that be
possible I ' Well, our teacher did not rebuke the young
student, he just looked on him with pity, hoping no
doubt that some day he might learn better. We al-
ways felt that Dr. Kelso scorned ignorance; but in
those many times when our display of ignorance de-
served his scorn and contempt, he always manifested a
great patience and kindness towards us as students in
his class room.
"My brethren, I shall at least try to crown these
remarks with the virtue of brevity, and keep within the
limit imposed upon me. But I believe that all of us
here to-night consider it a great honor and priceless
privilege to preach the Gospel of the Son of God. It
is a high calling to be a minister of Christ. But I
believe it is even a greater honor and a higher calling
to train men to preach the Gospel. And I know we
are all glad of this opportunity of showing our sin-
cere regard for this man who in such a marked de-
gree has impressed himself upon the lives of so many
of us. Ever since we met him his fine personality
has been the object of our admiration. We recognize
that we are largely, under God, what our teachers have
made us; and it is no undue praise to say here in his
very presence that the force of Dr. Kelso 's personality
has continued with us as we have tried to do our
part in the work of our Lord's Kingdom. If we have
accomplished anything worth while, since the day we
left the Seminary, a large part of the credit must be
laid at the feet of this teacher and the others who
trained us.
"Things have changed since we were in the Semi-
nary. A marked change along material lines has
come. The old buildings have been replaced witli
beautiful and modern ones. And Dr. Kelso himself has
changed. In the last ten years we have watched him
grow younger. Suddenly and unexpectedly that
famous beard disappeared, and he lost his artificial
15 (187)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
eyes. We all recognize that the change has added
to his youthful appearance.
"Before I close I want to say this personal word.
Nothing in Dr. Kelso's character has so impressed it-
self upon me as his great sympathy with the men whom
he taught, and especially with them since they have
been out in the active service of the ministry. He has
always been most sympathetic towards us, and ready
and happy to help us on all occasions when he possibly
could. We appreciate his S5anpathy and interest, and
are glad this evening to thank him for it. We have
also been impressed at all times with his unselfish-
spirit. Dr. Kelso has been willing to go anywhere,
without regard to compensation, to speak for the
Kingdom of God and in behalf of the Seminary. And
those of us who serve in country fields value most
highly his unselfish service, and wish for him and for
our splendid old Seminary many more years of service.
"Dr. Kelso, you realize -that some of these times
your course will be finished and your work will be
done. We hope, not for many 3^ears. But when that
time comes and you cross over to the other side and
sit down under the trees by the River of Life, there
will come to you, we are sure, the satisfaction and
blessed assurance not only of an immortal life there,
but of an immortality of influence here on earth, in
the life and character of the men whom you have
trained, and in the life and character of the multi-
tudes of men, women, and children whose lives have
l)een and shall be touched by them for Christ and His
Kingdom. ' '
The third address was given by the Rev. William
G. Felmeth, pastor of the Presbyterian Church of New
Kensington, Pa. Mr. Felmeth declares his high esteem
of President Kelso in the following manner :
"Mr. Chairman, Fathers and Brethren: Those of
us who were in school within the last twenty years
have many pleasantly varied memories. Who will
ever forget good Mr. Breed as he waved his long
16 (188)
T'wentieth Anniversary — Dr. Kelso's Professorship
forefinger over the desk at us, and thundered about
the mistakes of ministers! Who can forget the stimu-
lating and interesting excursions with Dr. Farmer in
New Testament Introduction, or the kindly dogmatism
of good Dr. Christie with his frequent appeal to author-
ity, or the lectures of Dr. Shatf as we journey through
the mazes of church history! I am sure none of us
will forget Dr. Riddle mth his fan, and his belligerent
fist as he drove home the distinction of the Greek
Aorist. Happy, happy memories ! How our minds
run back to them! But we do not think of Dr. Kelso
in any of these ways. All of us Avho studied under
him think of him rather as a kindly Christian gentle-
man, whose outstanding quality was his ojDen and ten-
der heart, (great applause) However we felt in other
classrooms, when we came to Dr. Kelso's room we
felt we were in the hands of a friend, (applause)
While teaching HebreAv, he was the shadow of a high
and mighty rock in a dry and thirsty land.
"There are two wa3^s of appreciating a man in Dr.
Kelso's position. First as a scholar, then as a gen-
tleman. I shall leave the first to others who are more
able to estimate his scholarship. I want to weigh him
in the scales of the heart; and in this balance he is
not found wanting. He was always courteous, kindly,
kingly, gentlemanl}^ We all loved him while in the
Seminary because he was a gentleman. That is the
reason we are glad he is at the head of old Western.
For, after all, a theological seminar}^ exists not only
to turn out finished preachers, but also Christian gen-
tlemen. If gentleness, human kindness, broad sym-
pathy, patience, generosity, and sincerity are conta-
gious, then all who knew him as a teacher should have
caught these things. He was good to his boys, and
interested in them in the Seminary and out of it. There
never was a student with an}^ difficulty who did not
get a kindly hearing when he went to his office or home.
There never was a man in trouble who, when he took
his troubles to Dr. Kelso, did not feel that he was gen-
uinely interested in helping him out of them. Not
only in the Seminary, but since we have left it, that
17 (189)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
same interest has followed us, and tied us by strong
bonds to him, and to the institution he heads.
"Did time permit, one should tell of the Seminary's
progress under his direction. Physically, it is becom-
ing a thing of beauty. It is said that in tending a
plant too much attention may make it Avither and die.
However that may be with plants, attention to the af-
fairs of the Seminary have had quite a different result.
"But one cannot rightly value Dr. Kelso without
recognizing the large place in the life of the Semi-
nary that Mrs. Kelso fills. If ever there were a woman
who was a 'helpmeet for man,' Mrs. Kelso has been
that kind of a wife for our president, a wife whose in-
stant and unfailing interest have stimulated him to in-
creasing efforts, and contributed largely to his success
in the work of the Seminary.
"Dr. Kelso, we congratulate you on the twenty
years of successful work here. We wish you twenty
other years, yea and more; and we wish you strength
sufficient as the days are long. We trust that as the
days go you will enter into that rich fruitage of con-
tentment which is the harvest that 3^our faithful labors
should produce. We want to wish for you the feel-
ing of the poet when he cried,
'Grow old along with me!
The best is yet to be.
The last of life, for which the first was made:
Our times are in his hand
Who saith, 'A whole I planned.
Youth shows but half; trust God: see all, nor be
afraid.' "
The hour was pressiug on so rapidly that the words
of greeting, the letters of appreciation, and the many
private expressions of devotion uttered in little groups
could not be heard at the meeting. But an even greater
regret was the lack of time to hear Dr. Kelso in response
to these testimonies of affection and tributes to his in-
fluence. We all felt that this was a deep loss because
we know the value of his gracious words and have felt
18 (190)
Tiventieth Anniversary — Dr. Kelso's Professorship
the throb of his grateful soul. But we have done the
next best thing in giving him, through the letter which
follows, an opportunity of expressing to the Alumni what
lies upon his heart. It is addressed to the Chairman of
the Committee on arrarigements.
"I am writing to you as Chairman of the Committee
which was appointed by the Board of Directors to have
charge of the commemoration of my twenty years of
service as professor in the Western Thelogical Semi-
nary. I wish to express my deep appreciation of the
arrangements for the dinner and the program of
speakers for the occasion. M}^ one regret is that I had
no opportunity to thank the graduates of the Sem-
inary for the many tokens of their regard which I had
received in the form of personal letters and which was
also expressed in their contributions to the portrait
fund. May I have the privilege, through you, of giv-
ing expression to my appreciation of these tokens of
friendship and regard of the graduates of the Sem-
inary 1 ' '
The President of the Association had intimated
several times during the evening that he desired time
enough for the last speaker, the Rev. John Kelman, D. D.,
pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church of New
York City. We were extremely fortunate in having him
with us at this particular time, for his gracious manner
so captivated us that we felt he was one of us not only
in the ministry but in the intimate associations which
gathered around the meeting. His very first words, the
tone of his voice, the sincerity of his life, and his con-
secration to the one great business of the ministry as it
was revealed in his message climaxed the evening and
formed a fitting close to what was declared to be one of
the best Alumni dinners in many years.
' ' Mr. Chairman, gentlemen : Your Chairman has
said to you that the brethren would be brief; and as
I claim to bee one of the brethren, I shall also endeavor
to be brief. Yet I am particularly glad to meet and
look into the faces of men who are going out on the
biggest job that there is for men to do, and the most
19 (191)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
difficult, and the most responsible, and the most effec-
tive, to he well done. I feel greatly honored to be as-
sociated for these few moments to-night with the an-
niversary of your President. There are some men
whom it takes a long time to know. There are others
whom one knows because one loves them from the very
first moment of meeting them. I have felt to-day that
it was well worth while coming from New York here
to meet even for five minutes with a man who at once
became a friend. I feel a great envy and a great con-
gratulation for those of you who have studied under
him and felt that gracious kindly Christian influence of
one of God's gentlemen w^ho for this long period has
so molded and so given tone and atmosphere to the life
of this college as he has done. And I feel very grate-
ful indeed for 3^our allowing me to associate myself
with those of you who have known him far longer than
I. Yet the little while I have known him has enabled me
to see how truly they have spoken.
"I should like to have said to-night, if I had a long
time to say it, something of a matter that means very
much to me ; but I wdll say just a word or two about
it. This year has taken from me one who meant very
much to me as a man and as a preacher. Ever since
I was a little child living in the city of Edinburgh, I was
in familiar contact with Dr. Alexander Whyte ; and Dr.
AVhyte is a name that all the w^orld will yet know
and that most of the preaching world knows already.
He was the last of the Puritans in Scotland, and he
blended with the ancient Puritanism all the interest
in modern thought. For twelve years and a half I had
the extraordinary privilege of being his colleague in
the old Avorld church — St. Georges. We stood, in ab-
solutely different schools of thought, side by side, meet-
ing that severest of all tests, the test of a man edu-
cated mingling with those who had no education, for
the congregation included both. Yet it always seemed
to me that he, who was leading, was trying to push me
forward and pretend that I was. He" was one of the
most generous and wonderful of men whom to
know was not only to love, but whom to know
20 (192)
Twentieth Anniversary — Dr. Kelso's Professorship
was a liberal education. Looking back over the years
(now that he lies in his grave) I, who pride myself far
more in being his colleague than in any attainment
that I had ever tried to reach for myself, feel as though
I were looking through tears into all that had made
life beautiful in past days which I can remember.
And to you, my brethren, who are going on to the
stage that some of us are far on our way — I have
been a preacher for thirty years now, and half of that
time I was hi^ colleague — three things I remember
above all others in him, and they were the secret of
the greatness of God's gentlemen, things very difficult
to attain.
"The first of them was this: he was essentially an
appreciator. He was a man who knew how easy it was
to throw stones and did not throw them. He was a
man who saw all around God's world in its richest
beauty and tenderness, and received it all into his ca-
pacious heart and made every man who came in con-
tact with him thrill, not only with AVhyte's greatness
and the beauty of his thoughts, but with the wealth and
opulence of the world. Yet he was the last of the Puri-
tans with a mind and a heart absolutely receptive and
hospitable. He was known in Edinburgh, and all
through the regions where he was known, as the prophet
of sin. Those of us who have so much sin about us
that were frightened to go near him, found him continu-
ally the tenderest of judges, blaming himself for every-
thing, always finding an excuse for others. But in
his preaching he was absolutely merciless. Sin stood
out black and flaming from every sermon that he
preached. I never saw anything so terrifying nor
heard anything so terrible as when he was out after
sinners with a lasso, and he always caught them.
"In the second place, he was a man of essential
experience. More and more our business is coming to
found itself upon experience. I do not say a word
against theology, or philosophy, or metaphysics, al-
though I have said a great many. I do not say a word
to-day against any of these, but I do say that they will
only be worth something to you after they have passed
21 (193)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
through your own personal experience. And ^-our in-
fluence as ministers of the Gospel will not be mea-
sured by the accuracy of the truths that you
have known as altruistic truths, but by that part
of them which has passed through your own lives and
souls and come out hot with human blood upon
it from you to the people. There was an old profes-
sor in Edinburgh who used to give this extraordinary
advice to his students :' Gentlemen, think of your own
sins and charge them up to the people. He might have
given them worse advice. So Dr. Whyte never forgot
his own sins for a moment. As far as I was concerned
he seemed always to be magnifying them, imagining
himself one of the blackest of sinners, while we found
him one of the most admirable of saints. Remember
this brethren, that, however much study you put into
it, the thii^g that will have the most coming value
will be the bit of it that means most to you.
"Lastly, he was a perfect master of imagination.
Now imagination, if it be kept apart from study
and knowledge, is just simply another word for fool-
ishness. But imagination, if it play upon a wide field
of reading and real knowledge of the subject that you
are talking about, is perhaps the greatest asset a
preacher can have next to genuine intensity. Whyte
Avas a master of imagination. He had read everything,
and everything was grist that came to his mill. I
have seen books, yet wet from the printers, in stacks
upon his shelves. 'What a lot of books', I would say.
'That's nothing, that's nothing, sir', and then he would
proceed with his paper knife upon the the white, newly
printed paper, and just tear the heart out of them one
after another ; and then begin at the back and go
through them. And you never knew how he did it.
Because he supplied this as fuel to the burning flame
of his imagination, he learned and practiced that su-
preme secret of preaching.
"In closing I will give you one example of it Avhich
has moved me more profoundly than anything I ever
heard preached. It was at the time he was studying
22 (194)
Ttventieth Anniversary — Dr. Kelso's Professorship
Dante in his Bible Class. At the time he was preach-
ing on the one thing that he hated more than anything
else in the world — the rich young ruler. He hated him
worse than Judas. How this rich young ruler when
he was a little baby was so immaculate that his mother
was afraid he would die. How when he went to school
he was hated by everybody except his teacher. How
when he went to college he was hated by everybody in-
cluding his teacher. He never made a mistake, and
he was indeed a man who habitually kept the command-
ments. At last he came to die and he found himself
consigned to that inferno whose ghastly circles deep-
ened. Whyte, who believed in reality and hated sham,
imaginary or real, bending over that grand old pul-
pit of St. Georges, looked down into our faces, until
I saw, and until he made everybod}^ else see, this poor
soul, whirling round and round and down in a spiral
to the depths, till he showed the rich young ruler all
but out of sight; and just as he is disappearing into
that black depth there is a voice of laughter. It is
the mockiiig laughter of the universe, ' Ha ! ha ! kept the
commandments ! '
"Gentlemen, that is preaching such as is rarely
heard, such as has been rarely done. That great man
who so recently has gone to rest, leads all of us.
23 (195?
The President's Report
To the Board of Directors of the Western
Theological Seminary.
Gentlemen: —
In behalf of the Facnlty I have the honor
to submit the following report for the academic year end-
ing May 5, 1921 :
Attendance
Since the last annnal report twenty students have
been admitted to the classes of the Seminary.
To the Junior Class
Jasper Morgan Cox, a student of Maryville College
Calvin Hoffman Hazlett, a graduate of Washington and
Jefferson College, A. B., 1917
John Lloyd, a graduate of Carroll College, A. B., 1920
L. Lane McCammon, a graduate of Bethany College, A.
B., 1920
James Martin, a graduate of Marvville College, A. B.,
1920
Williard Colbj^ Mellin, a graduate of University of Cali-
fornia, A. B., 1920
William Owen, a graduate of Metropolitan Seminary,
London, 1912
Robert Lloyd Roberts, a graduate of Lafavette College,
A. B., 1920
Mr. Arthur Dow Behrends, who entered the Seminary
in September, 1919, but was compelled to give up his
studies on account of ill health, re-entered the Junior
Class in September, 1920.
Mr. John Maurice Leister, who partially completed the
work of the Junior Year in 1917-18, and Mr. Harry
Lawrence Wissinger, who came only part of the time
last vear, both re-entered the Junior Class in Septem-
ber, i920.
24 (196)
President's Report
To the Middle Class
Mr. Basil A. Murra^^ on letter of dismissal from McCor-
miek Tlieological Seminary.
To the Senior Class
Charles Jesse Krivnlka, on letter of dismissal from
Bloomfield Theological Seminar}^
To the Graduate Class
William 0. Elterich, D. D., a graduate of the Western
Theological Seminary, 1888
Arthur Henry George, a graduate of Biddle Theological
Seminary, S. T. B., 1920'
James Adolph Hamilton, a graduate of McCormick Theo-
logical Seminary, 1917
Hampton Theodore McFadden, a graduate of Biddle
Theological Seminary, S. T. B., 1920
Eric Johan Nordlander, a graduate of the Divinity
School of the University of Chicago, B. D., 1910.
Leonard J, Ramse}^, a graduate of Colgate University,
B. D., 1919
Paul Steacey Sprague, a graduate of Western Theologi-
cal Seminary, 1920
Elmer Grover Swoyer, a graduate of Chicago Lutheran
Theological Seminary, 1917
John Tomasula, a graduate of the Western Theological
Seminary, 1920
No letters of dismissal were granted to other in-
stitutions.
The total attendance for the year has been 51, which
was distributed as follows : fellows, 5 ; graduates, 12 ;
seniors, 10 ; middlers, 13 ; juniors, 11.
Fellowships and Prizes
The fellowship was awarded to Mr. Walter L. Moser,
a graduate of Grove City College; the Michael Wilson
Keith Memorial Prize in Homiletics to George K. Bam-
f ord, also a student of Grove City College ; a Hebrew
Prize, offered to members of the junior class, to Arthur
D. Behrends and Calvin H. Hazlett; and Merit Prizes to
25 (197)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
W. H. Millinger, P. L. Warnshuis, and J. W. Willoughby,
of the middle class, and to Calvin H. Hazlett, W. C. Mel-
lin, and AVilliam Owen, of the junior class.
Mr, James Mayne, who won the fellowship in the
class of 1918, and who is pastor of the Presbyterian
Church of Mount Pleasant, Pa,, has spent the past aca-
demic year at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland,
pursuing postgraduate studies in the theological depart-
ment. He expects to return and resume work in his
church during the present month.
Elective Courses
In addition to the required courses of the Seminary
curriculum, the following elective courses have been of-
fered during the year 1920-21, the number of students
attending each course being indicated :
Dr. Kelso: Old Testament Exegesis (Isaiah), 6
Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, 28
Apocalyptic Literature (2 half semesters)
1. Book of Daniel, 7
2, Book of Eevelation, 17
Dr. Schaff: History of the Reformation and Modern
Times, 10
American Church History, 11
Dr, Farmer : Social Teaching of the New Testament, 13
Dr, Snowden: Christian Ethics, 7
Psychology of Religion, 10
Philosophy of Religion, 15
Dr. Culley: Old Testament Exegesis (Psalter), 7
Middle Elective Hebrew, 7 (All middlers pre-
pared in Hebrew and two graduates)
Arabic, 3
Mr, Eakin : New Testament Greek Sight Reading, 5
Prof, Sleeth: Oral Interpretation of the Scriptures, 12
Public Speaking, 11
Literary Appreciation, 10
Mr, Boyd : Vocal Sight Reading and Choir Drill, 1
26 (198)
President's Report
Dr. Breed lectured regularly twice a week during
the first semester on Pastoral Theology, completing the
regular course in this subject which he has been accus-
tomed to give.
Under the arrangement authorized by the Board
of Directors at the annual meeting, May 6, 1920, the Rev.
Samuel Angus, Ph. D., Professor of New Testament and
Historical Theology in St. Andrew's College, Sydney,
Australia, lectured in the New Testament Depart-
ment during the first semester. He conducted courses
on the life of Christ, the Gospel of John, the
Epistle to the Romans, and Biblical Theology of
the New Testament. During the second semester Dr.
Farmer" has given a course on Pauline Theology to the
senior class, and Mr. Eakin has conducted a course in
the Exegesis of the Epistle to the Galatians for the mid-
dle class. As .president of the Seminar}?- I desire to for-
mally express my great appreciation of the hearty man-
ner in which both Dr. Farmer and Mr. Eakin responded
to the request for extra service. In this way the students
were fully provided with training in New Testament
Exegesis.
Literary Work and Extra-Seminary Activities of the
Professors
Dr. Kelso during the past year has published "A
History of the Hebrews in Outline, from the Ear-
liest Times down to the Restoration under Ez-
ra" for use in his own classes. In addition, he
has contributed reviews and articles to the Pres-
byterian Banner and to the Bulletin of the Semi-
nary. He has visited Grove City College, Maryville Col-
lege, Washington and Jefferson College, and the College
of Wooster, addressing the students, and on two occa-
sions preaching in the college chapel. He has addressed
the Presbytery of Kittanning on "Recuiting for the Min-
istry". He has preached in a number of churches, and
whenever it was possible he has presented the problem
of the ministry as the Church faces it to-day.
Dr. ScJiaff has done some preaching and delivered,
several times each, lectures on the Pilgrims and Presby-
terianism.
27 (199)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Dr. Farmer has delivered addresses on the ministry
before the Presbyteries of Wheeling and Blairsville ; has
addressed groups of high school boys on the ministry, at
Dubois, Greensburg, and Johnstown; has addressed the
students of Washington and Jefferson College and the
College of Wooster on the ministry ; has given addresses
on various topics to Men's Societies in Butler, New Ken-
sington, Beaver Falls, and Baden; and delivered a
course of lectures at Grove City Bible School, August,
1920.
Dr. Snoividen reports that he has preached through-
out the year; delivered courses of popular lectures on
the phychology and philosophy of religion in several
towns to churches, two of these courses being to union
meetings of several churches ; delivered such courses in
two summer schools, one of these courses running for
two weeks ; delivered the commencement address
at one college, and delivered six addresses be-
fore Men's Brotherhoods and Ministers' Meetings; de-
livered one lecture a week during the season to Sunday
School teachers in the School of Religious Education
conducted by the Allegheny County Sabbath School As-
sociation; published about sixty-five articles in daily
newspapers, religious weeklies, and theological reviews ;
and published four books a follows : ' ' The Personalit}^ of
God", and "A Wonderful Morning", a study of the
resurrection of Christ (both issued by the Macmillan
Company), "The Truth about Christian Science" and
"The Attractions of the Ministry" (both issued by the
Westminster Press), The advance orders for the vol-
ume on Christian Science were such that the publishers
ordered the paper for a second edition before the first
edition of 3,000 copies had been printed.
Dr. Culley. Aside from books reviews and an arti-
cle published in the Seminary Bulletin, Dr. Culley 's ex-
tra-classroom activity has consisted in a weekly lecture
delivered before the Men's Bible Class of the First Pres-
byterian Church of Wilkinsburg. These lectures have
been delivered on Sunday mornings, no Sunday being
omitted from the last Sunday in September until the
28 (200)
President's Report
present time. Lectures were delivered during the spring
months of last year also up to the end of June.
Mr. Eakin^s spare time has been devoted mainly to
studies in the fields of New Testament and Early Chris-
tian Literature and Comparative Philology. Under this
head comes three months of last summer's vacation
spent at the University of Chicago. He has preached
from time to time during the year, and contributed to
Bihliotheca Sacra an article on "The Address of I Cor-
inthians ' '.
Mr. Boyd, in addition to liis regular work at the
Pittsburgh Musical Institute, gave numerous lectures
and wrote articles on musical subjects: directed the
Pittsburgh Choral Society, the Tuesday Musical Club
Choral, the Cecilia Choir, and the music at the North
Avenue M. E. Church, completing his twenty-seventh
year at that church. He was associate editor of Grove's
Dictionar}^ of Music and Musicians, published by the
Macmillan Company. He collated for the U. S. Bureaa
of Education and the Music Teachers' National Associa-
tion a book on "Music in the Public Libraries of the
United States" which Avill shortly be published by the U.
S. Bureau of Education.
Professor Sleeth acted as Professor of Elocution
during the month of January at Union Theological Semi-
nary, Richmond, Va. His classes were so adjusted that
they did not lose any time. He also lectured at the Grove
City Bible Conference last summer.
Lectures
The lectures on the Elliott Foundation were given
by the Rev. Samuel Angus, Ph. D., of St. Andrew's Col-
lege, Sydney, Australia. His general theme was "The
Mystery Religions and Christianity", the lecture sub-
jects being as follows :
1. "Orientation — The Historical Crises in the
Greco-Roman World Bearing upon the Mys-
tery Religions and Christianity"
2. "The General Character of a Mystery Religion"
29 (201)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
3. ''The Three Stages of a Mystery Religion"
4. "Circumstances Favoring the Spread of the
Mysteries"
5. ''The Appeal of the Mystery Religions"
6. ' ' Christianity and the Mystery Religions in Con-
trast. The Failure of the Mj^stery Religions ' '
7. "The Triumph of Christianit}^"
A course of five lectures on "Home Missions" was
given by the Rev. Baxter P. FuUerton, D. D., L. L. D.
In addition, special lectures were given in the Semi-
nary chapel as follows :
"Near East", Prof. Oscar M. Chamberlain
"Russia", Mr. Bayard Christy
"The Situation in Siam", The Rev. Paul A. Eakin
"Home Missions", The Rev. E. Fred Eastman
"Missions in China", The Rev. Wm. 0. Elterich,
D. D.
"John Calvin", The Rev. John C. Goddard, D. D.
"Missions in India", The Rev. W. H. Hezlep
"The Summer Bible Schools", The Rev, A. L. La-
tham, D. D.
"Doctrinal Preaching", The Rev. C. B. McAfee,
Ph. D., D. D.
"Church Finance and Stewardship", The Rev. A. F.
McGarrah
"The Work of Men in the Church", The Rev. Wil-
liam F. Weir, D. D.
" The Pilgrims : Their First Experiences and Experi-
ments in Plymouth", Dean Talcott Williams,
LL. D., Lift. D.
On the Day of Prayer for Colleges a conference on
recruiting for the ministry Avas held under the joint
auspices of the faculty of the Seminary and the Educa-
tion Committee of Pittsburgh Presbytery. The confer-
ence Avas formally opened with an address by the Rev.
Hugh T. Kerr, D. D., which was followed by a very pro-
fitable discussion. While the attendance was not large,
the ministers who were present showed that they were
taking serious interest in this most important work. Af-
30 (202)
President's Report
ter discussion, the faculty came to the conclusion that the
mid-winter period was a better time for such a confer-
ence than the day precedii^g the Commencement exer-
cises.
Student Life
The President of the Y. M. C. A., Mr. Walter L.
Moser, has submitted such a complete report in regard
to the activities of the student body that I am incorporat-
ing it in full, with only slight editorial changes :
' ' To the President of the Western Theological Seminary :
"The past year has witnessed a deepened inter-
est in every department of Seminary life. There was a
determined effort to rouse the Y. M. C. A. from an apathy
VN^hich seemed a reaction from the hectic efforts of the
war period. That this effort was in a large measure suc-
cessful is evident not only in a deepening spiritual in-
terest, but in the earnestness with which the men sought
to meet the social and economic conditions of the day.
"The distinctly religious life of the Association
found expression in the group prayer meetings, con-
ducted as hitherto with unflagging interest; in the Fri-
day evenir^g meetings of the Association, in which the
students living outside the dormitory were able to parti-
cipate ; in weekly visits to mills of the vicinity, for those
whose schedules permitted, where they joined in the work
of the Manchester Branch of the Y. M. C. A. ; and in the
Wednesday evening prayer service at the Presbyterian
Hospital until it became necessary to discontinue these
meetings in the spring.
"More specifically, the Friday evening meetings
were devoted to discussion of problems incidental to the
work of a pastor or teacher ; the different aspects of the
foreign problem; the condition of the Negroes in the
South — ^by two able representatives of that people with
us; the relation of a minister to school and community
life ; and his relation to the new and persistent problems
which have arisen since the recent upheaval of morality
due to the war. There were also addresses of an inspira-
tional or advisory nature by the various members of the
faculty, and talks by missionaries and publicists upon
31 (203)
The Biilletm of the Western Theological Seminary
subjects relating to the Home and Foreign work of the
Church. The measure of success attained by the students
in other departments of Seminary life is perhaps largeh"
due to these meetings, in connection with the evening-
prayer meetings, which kept them sensitive to the needs
of men and tilled with a spirit of quiet determination to
attain the greatest success possible in their efforts for
Christ.
' ' The social life of the Seminary was inaugurated in
the autumn by a reception and banquet to the men of the
junior class, at which the members of the faculty and
their wives and the wives and friends of the students
were present. Then a few weeks later came the usual
fall social, and the other socials of the second semester,
affording an opportunity for closer acquaintance and new
friendships. These socials were largely attended, and
were worth}^ of the untiring efforts of the Social Com-
mittee. The men of the Seminary, individually or in
groups, were hospitably entertained in the homes of mem-
bers of the facult}^, where close personal relationship was
made possible between the professors and the students.
"Mr. Eobert H. Henry, Chairman of the Social Com-
mittee of the Y. M. C. A., has reported in detail con-
cerning the social life as follows :
'The students at Western have an excellent op-
portunity to know one another, and the dormitory com-
mons is largely responsible for this favorable situa-
tion. A few of our men live in the city, but the lunch
hour on week days finds practically the entire student
body in the Seminary dining room. It is here that dis-
cussions opened in class are futher argued ; here views
on every subject are freely exchanged.
'Members of the faculty occasionally keep 'open
house' for one of the classes or entertain students in
smaller groups. The reception for the seniors by Dr.
and Mrs. Kelso has become a regular event in the Semi-
nary life ; likewise the farewell party by Dr. and Mrs.
Snowden. The}^ are adept at entertaining, and the
class this year thoroughly enjoyed both occasions.
32 (204)
President's Report
'Several times each year parties are held in the
splendid dormitory parlors where the students Avith
their friends meet" with the faculty and their families
for a social evening. The first thought in planning
these functions is to provide real fun and recreation,
without which the very object of the gatherings would
be unattained; and, in the second place, to enable the
men to become more proficient in the art of furnishing
appropriate diversions. It is our hope that those who
go out from Western to take places of leadership in
the Church may know how to prescribe for the fever-
ish and impoverished conditions so common in the so-
cial life of our day.' — (Signed, R. H. Henry.)
"But this year more than ever before there was
great interest shown in the social gatherings which
followed the basket ball games. Attendance in the
Seminary for two or three years establishes friend-
ships between the men and members of opposing
teams and the churches they represent. In cases where
return games were played, the Seminary men were in
turn entertained, and there was a broadening of in-
terest and spirit of comradeship which were highly de-
sirable. In addition the men, most of whom are
strangers to Pittsburgh, welcomed the opportunity of
meeting socially men and women from the churches
of the vicinit}^
"This leads finall^^ to a brief resume of the athletic
activities of the year. At least four afternoons of the
week, through the winter months, advantage was taken
of the gymnasium facilities for basket ball. Almost
all the men participated in some form of excercise, and
are grateful to the Seminar}^ for the unusually com-
plete means of recreation and exercise available. Af-
ter the New Year a team was chosen to represent the
Seminary, which met many of the Church, Y. M. C. A.,
and semi-professional teams of the vicinity. The pre-
sence in the lineup of men with considerable college
experience insured fast games; and, considering that
the team met all comers including some theoretically
beyond its class, the season was highly successful. The
33 (205)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
team won seven of its twelve games, and of the others
lost two by the margin of one point. ' '
Becruiting for the Ministry
The members of the Board of Directors who were
present at the semi-annual meeting last November recall
the spirited and interesting discussion of this important
theme. The idea embodied in the formal resolution
which was adopted at that meeting was carried out in
three of our Presbyterian colleges. An alumnus of the
Seminary assisted the president or one of the professors
in an effort to reach the young men of the colleges, espe-
cially those who had not made up their minds to study
for the ministry. At Washington and Jefferson College
we were assisted by the Rev. H. A. Riddle, Jr., of AVest
Alexander, Pa.; at Grove City by the Rev, Matthew F.
Smith, D. D., of Beaver Falls, Pa.; and at Wooster by
the Rev. G. A. Frantz, pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church of Van Wert, Ohio. Drs. Farmer and Kelso
spent a day and a half at Washington and Jefferson, Dr.
Kelso a day at Grove Cit}^, and Dr. Farmer and Dr. Kelso
each a day at the College of Wooster. In each one of
these institutions we were received most cordially by the
students and had the hearty and sympathetic support of
the College authorities. It is impossible to estimate the
result of such conferences or to pass any judgment on
the possible increase in the number of candidates.
Finances and gifts
Since the last annual meeting of the Board of Di-
rectors the following gifts have been received :
From Mrs. R. A. Watson the sum of one thousond
dollars to endow an entrance prize in Greek.
From Mr. Wilson A. Shaw a gift of ten thousand
dollars in liberty loan bonds for increasing the endow-
ment of the Seminary.
Seven thousand five hundred dollars from Mrs. Wil-
liam Thaw through the cancellation of annuity bonds.
From the New Era Movement the Seminary received
$2,355,48. for current expenses; directly from 104
churches $5,409.34.
34 (206)
President's Report
The librarian reports having received 53 volnmes
as contributions.
A legacy of $25,000 from the estate of Mr, James
Langhlin, Jr., which was without conditions, was used
by the trustees to reduce the indebtedness on the new
buildings. The floating debt due to our new buildings has
been reduced to about $26,000.
Recommendations
The faculty of the Seminary submit the following
recommendations; in which the Examining Committee
of the Board of Directors concur :
(1) That the degree of Bachelor of Divinity be con-
ferred upon :
Alfred D 'Aliberti George Kyle Bamf ord
Arthur Henry George (of the graduating class)
James Adolph Hamilton Walter Lysander Moser
John Tomasula (of the graduating class)
(2) That the following members of the senior class re-
ceive the diploma of the Seminary :
George Kyle Bamford
Robert Harvey Henr^^
Andrew Jay Hudock
Charles Jesse Krivulka
Frederic Christian Leypoldt
Walter Lysander Moser
Hampton Theodore McFadden
John Christian Rupp
Abraham Boyd Weisz
Joseph J. Welenteichick
(3) That Mr. Leon Buczak receive a special certificate
covering the courses which he has actually com-
pleted.
All of which is resi^ectfully submitted,
James A. Kelso,
President.
35 (207)
TREASURER'S CONDENSED FINANCIAL REPORT
For the year ended March 31st, 1921.
Income
Income from Investments $37,614.46
Income from Investments, Auunity Bond Funds 2,346.70
Income from Investments, Conkling Fund 4,170.00
Interest on Daily Balances 904.53
Income from Rents 1,107.16
Income from Miscellaneous Sources 10,552.90
Contributions by Individuals and Churches 9,164.82
Contributions to Pension Fund 1,600.00
Refund 19 2 0 City Taxes a/c sale Sheffield and Hamlin
St. property 106.13
$67,566.70
Disbursements
Salaries paid $37,921.19
Interest paid on Annuity Bonds $2,392.75
Interest paid on Conkling Fund 5,000.00 7,392.75
Interest paid on Loan 2,647.09
Insurance, repairs, commission, and water rents paid . . 3,900.62
Accrued interest on Investments purchased 39.86
City Taxes, 1921 — paid 1,697.68
County Taxes, 1921 — paid 302.70
Office Expenses and Janitors' supplies 1,155.06
Library Expenses 1,489.65
Advertising and Printing 1,530.80
Fuel and Light 5,231.43
Scholarships 3,682.50
Lectures 275.00
Expended for Sundry Equipment 1,832.23
Expended for Improvements 487.32
Other Miscellaneous expenses 3,461.31
Pensions Paid 2,999.99
$76,047.18
Increase in Piinoipal Funds During the Year
March 31st, 1920 to March 31st, 1921.
New Building Fund No. 2
(Including $7,500.00 Mary C. Thaw Annuity Bonds
turned in) $34,450.00
Annuity Bonds issued ( 7 % ) 1,000.00
Keith Memorial Prize Fund 600.00
Keith Memorial Prize Fund a/c Investments 2.50
Dr. Kerr Endowment Fund 10,000.00
Reunion and Memorial Fund — a/c Investments 7.50
Endowment Fund a/c Investments 2.50
Scholarship Fund — a/c sale Sheffield and Hamlin St.
property . 407.43
$46,469.93
36 (208)
Treasurer's Report
■ Amount of Building Fund No. 2 March 31st, 1920 ....$53,639.50
Donations from Marcli 31st, 1920 to March 31st, 1921 . . 34,450.00
Building Fund No. 2 at March 31st, 1921 $88,089.50
Total paid from Building Fund No. 2 on account of
loan with Commonwealth Trust Company 62,000.00
$26,089.50
Bills Payable (Loan with Commonwealth Trust Co.)
as of March 31st, 1921 26,000.00
Annuity Bonds outstanding March 31st, 1921 33,800.00
Permanent 'Fnnds
Y
Contingent Fund $ 114,413.54
Endowment Fund 194,228.31
Lectureship Fund 3,733.44
Library Fund 32,176.93
Reunion and Memorial Fund 112,287.79
Scholarship Fund 140,501.71
Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution Fund 79,519.30
Church Music Fund 14,527.24
President's Chair Endowment Fund 5,000.00
L. H. Severance Lectureship Fund 5,000.00
President's Chair Endowment (Conkling
Fund) 100,075.00
Annuity Bond Fund 33,800.00
Warrington Library Fund 3,250.00
Chapel Fund 25,000.00
Student Loan & S. H. Fund 2,500.00
Keith Memorial Prize Fund 1,802.50
Dr. Kerr Endowment Fund 10,000.00
New Admr. Building Fund No. 1 131,275.01
New Admr. Building Fund No. 2 88,089.50
$1,097,180.27
37 (209)
Librarian's Report.
To the Board of Directors of the Western Theological
Seminary :
I submit herewith my report as Librarian of the
Seminary, covering the year April 1, 1920 — March 31,
1921 :— "
Condensed Statement
1. Additions :
(a) Volumes added by Purchase 533
(b) Volumes added by Gift 53
Total 586
Additions during the past seven years have been as
follows : :
By Purchase By Gift Total
1914-15 '. . . 674 66 740
1915-16 542 359 901
1916-17 613 112 725
1917-18 352 635 987
1918-19 293 88 381
1919-20 ........ 625 85 710
1920-21 533 53 586
2. Cataloguing :
(a) Volumes catalogued 493
(b) Cards added to main catalogue .... 1594
(c) Cards entered in temporary catalogue 178
Total of cards entered 1772
The figures for the two preceding years are as fol-
lows :
Volumes catalogued Cards added
1918-19 533 1583
1919-20 435 1390
3. Circulation :
(a) Books loaned 1618
(b) Periodicals loaned 135
38 (210)
Librarian's Report
A record of the circulation of books has been kept
only since 1916, and of periodicals only since 1919.
The figures are as follows:
Books loaned, 1916-17 1435
Books loaned, 1917-18 1832
Books loaned, 1918-19 1733
Books loaned, 1919-20 1557
Books loaned, 1920-21 1618
Periodicals loaned, 1919-20 225
Periodicals loaned, 1920-21 135
The volumes added to the Library by gift have come
from the following donors : — Dr. J. A. Kelso, Dr. D. S.
Schatf, Smithsonian Institute, Mr. W. D. Foulke, Mr. E.
J. David, Mr. J. G. Holme, New Era, Dr. E. F. Smith, Dr.
J. H. Forsythe, Dr. J. E. Mott, Mrs. M. A. Taylor.
Mrs. M. A. Lamar, Dr. J. H. Snowden, Dr. S. W. Gilkey,
American Mission to Lepers, Rev. S. G. Inman, East Lib-
erty Presbyterian Church, Foreign Missions Conference.
The librarian has alread}^ sent his acknowledgement and
thanks for each book received, and he takes pleasure in
publishing the list of names with this report.
The number of books purchased has been only
moderately large, as compared with other years. As to
their comparative importance it is difficult to speak, but
at all events a survey of the year's accessions reveals an
encouragingly large number of important works.
Of standard sets added to our collection perhaps
the two most important have been the famous French
encylopedia which bears the name of Larousse "Grand
Dictionnaire Universel" and a new work on the "Myth-
ology of all Races", edited by Louis Herbert Gray. The
former is complete in 17 volumes, including a supple-
ment; of the latter, seven volumes are now available,
with six more to follow. Volumes have been added, also,
to other important sets; e. g. the fifth and last volume
of Vigouroux's "Dictionnaire de la Bible", two recently
published volumes of Luther's "AVerke" (Weimar Edi-
tion), Vols. 13 and 14 of the "Oxyrhynchus Papyri",
Part 4 of the Moulton-Milligan "Vocabulary of the Greek
39 (211)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
New Testament" arid Vol. II Pt. 2 of Moulton's "Gram-
mar of N. T. Greek", fifteen volnmes in the "Loeb
Classical Library" series, the new "American Supple-
ment" to "Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians",
etc. (The last named work, an important addition to our
library of church music, is edited by Messrs. Waldo Sel-
den Pratt and Charles N. Boyd, the latter of our own
faculty).
Almost every year the Library is able to add to its
collection some valuable old books through bargain sale
purchases. Probably the most notable acquisition of
this sort during the past year was Richard Pococke's
"Description of the East", in two huge folio volumes,
published in 1743.
The new commentaries acquired during the year in-
clude several of outstanding merit, as the following par-
tial list will show: — Burton's "Galatians", Charles,
Beckwith, and Peake on "The Apocalypse", Burney on
"Kings", Plummer on "Philippians", Jastrow on
"Job", Gore on "The Epistles of St. John".
Prominent on the list of new publications other than
commentaries are Rendel Harris, "The Odes and Psalms
of Solomon"; David Smith, "The Life and Letters of
St. Paul"; F. J. Foakes- Jackson and Kirsopp Lake,
"The Beginnings of Christianity"; A. C. Headlam, "The
Doctrine of the Church and Christian Union" ; A. E. Gar-
vie, "The Christian Preacher"; S. P. Cadman, "Ambas-
sadors of God"; A. P. Fitch, "Preaching and Pagan-
ism"; W. R. Inge, "The Idea of Progress '^ H. R. Mack-
intosh, "The Originality of the Christian Message", A.
T. Robertson, "The Pharisees and Jesus", J. H. Snow-
den, "The Personality of God"; H. J. Cadbury, "Na-
tional Ideals in the Old Testament".
The year's accessions include 17 volumes on Mis-
sions, 28 volumes of biograpliy, and 26 volumes on vari-
ous phases of social thought and activities.
With respect to the importation of books and peri-
odicals from continental Europe we are able to report
that the situation has improved very considerably since
last year. At present we can count with some assur-
40 (212)
Librarian's Report
ance on orders for French and German publications be-
ing filled, though the service is slow at best and subject
to various inconveniences.
We regret that during the year covered by this re-
port the cataloguing work has barely kept pace with the
accessioning of new books. This has been largel}^ due to
the illness of Miss Higgins, the assistant librarian, which
kept her away from the Library for a long period. A
great deal of work has been done, however, with the old
material that remains unlisted in the new catalogue.
Many hundreds of volumes have been removed from a
store room to the main stack room of the Library and
there shelved in accordance with their subject matter.
In this and some other departments of the year's work
valuable assistance has been rendered by Messrs. Warns-
huis and Hazlett of the student body.
At the beginning of the session in the fall the cooper-
ation of the faculty was secured in thoroughly revising
the "Reserved Books" section and introducing a new,
less static system of maintaining it. It is hoped that the
change will be conducive to a more effective use of the
Library by students in connection with their curriculum
woi'k.
This year, for the first time, the experiment v/as
tried of giving formal instruction on the subject of the
use of books and of the Library. For this purpose the
Librarian took a half dozen lecture hours with the Jun-
iors at the opening of the session, the last hour being de-
voted to a tour of the Library. As to the result, it may at
least be said that the response of the students was en-
couraging.
Another innovation made during the year was that of
posting lists of worth while articles in current periodi-
cals.
Respectfully submitted,
Fraxk Eakix
Librarian.
41 (213)
The Graduating Class.
George Kyle Bamford — Grove City College. Pastor,
New Salem, Pa.
Leon Buczak — Bloomfield Theological Seminar}^ Mis-
sionary to Ukrainians, McKees Rocks, Pa.
Robert Harvey Henry — A. B. Defiance College, 1917.
Pastor, Volant and Rich Hill Presbyterian Churches,
Presbytery of Shenango.
Andrew Jay Hudock — Bloomfield Theological Seminary.
Will enter the pastorate.
Charles Jesse Krivulka — Bloomfield Theological Semi-
nary. Missionary to Hungarians, Pittock, Pa.
Frederic Christian Leypoldt — Bloomfield Theological
Seminary. Home mission work in New Mexico.
Walter Lysander Moser — A. B., Grove City College, 1915.
Pastor Presbyterian Church, Mars, Pa.
Hampton Theodore McFadden — A. B., Biddle Univer-
sity, 1917. Pastor and teacher, Franklington, N. C.
John Christian Rupp — A. B., Lebanon Vallev College,
1906. Pastor, United Brethren Church, Wall, Pa.
Abraham Boyd Weisz — A. B., Grove City College, 1917.
Pastor, Laurel Hill Presbyterian Church, Presbytery
of Redstone.
Joseph J, Welenteichick — Bloomfield Theological Semi-
nar}^ Missionary to Russians, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Post Graduate Students
Alfred D'Aliberti — Bloomfield Theological Seminary,
1919. Pastor, Italian Mission, Steubenville, Ohio.
Arthur Henry George— S. T. B., Biddle Theological Sem-
inary, 1920. Pastor, Wilson, N. C.
James Adolph Hamilton — McCormick Theological Semi-
nary, 1917.
John Tomasula — Western Theological Seminary, 1920.
Missionary to Slovaks in Pittsburgh and Raccoon, Pa.
42 (214)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Index
Vol. XIV. Oct. 1921— July 1922
Articles Page
Dante, 1321-1921 . ' 155
David S. Schaff
Lambeth Conference, The 174
Hugh T. Ken-
Letter from China, A 196
Robert F. Fitch
Theodore Monod, An Alumnus of the W. Theological Seminary 18
D. E. Culley
Revelation, The Interpretation of the Book of 5
James A. Kelso
Rolling Stone, The , 192
George Taylor, Jr.
Reviews Page
Adams, Henry, The Education of — An Ajutobiography 190
George Taylor, Jr.
Apocalypse of John, The — By Isbon T. Beckwith 5
James A. Kelso
Approach to the New Testament, The — ^^By James Moffatt .... 272
Frank Eakin
Attractions of the Ministry, The — By James H. Snowden .... 23
Brief Bible History, A — By James Oscar Boyd 272
John O. Miller
Creative Christ, The — By Edward S. Drown 274
James Mayne
Divine Antidote to Sin, Sickness, and Death, The — By Frank
N. Riale 279
Hubert Rex Johnson
Gift of Tongues.^The — By Alexander Mackie 201
A. H. Lowe
Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, A Manual — By G. Abbot-
Smith 274
Selby F. Vance
Introduction to the History of Christianity, An — By F. J.
Foakes Jackson 203
David S. Schaff
Jesus and Paul — By Benjamin W. Bacon 22
Selby F, Vance
77 (293)
Index
Life and History — By Lynn Harold Hough 281
S. J. Fisher
Making the Bible Real — By Frederic Oxtoby 208
James A. Kelso
My Neighbor the Workingman — By James Roscoe Day 24
Charles Reed Zahniser
Property, Its Rights and Duties — By various authors 281
Samuel Black McCormick
Range Finders, The — By Charles F. Wishart 23
Revelation of St. John, The — By R. H. Charles 5
James A. Kelso
Revelation, Studies in the Book of — By Stephen A. Hunter . . 201
Kinley McMillan
Teaching the Teacher — By James Oscar Boyd 209
Theological Reconstruction — By John Edwards 207
Theology as an Empirical Science — Douglas Clyde Macintosh 204
George Johnson
Toward the Understanding of Jesus — By Vladimir G.
Simkhovitch 276
R. V. Gilbert
Week Day Church School, The — By Walter Albion Squires . . 209
What Christianity Means to Me — By Lyman Abbott 22
George C. Fisher
MisceUaneous Page
Alumniana 67, 210, 284
Catalogue 73
Centennial Celebration, The 76
Directory 26
Elliott Lectures, The 76
Faculty Notes 290
Financial Report 270
Graduating Class 290
Inauguration of Dr. Vance 224
Librarian's Report 265
Ninety-second Commencement 221
President's Report , 249
78 (294)
THE BULLETIN
OF THE
Western Theologieal Seminary
A Review Devoted to the Interests or
Xheological Education
Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October, by the
Trustees of the Western Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church
in the United States of America.
Edited by the President with the co-operation of the Faculty.
Page
Interpretation of the Book of Revelation 5
Rev. J A. Kelso
Theodore Monod, An Alumnus of Western Theological Seminary. .18
Rev. D. E. CullEy
Literature 22
Alumniana 26
Communications for the Editor and all business matters should be
addressed to
REV. JAMES A. KELSO,
731 Ridge Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
75 cents a year. Single Number 25 cents.
Each author is solely responsible for the views expressed in his article.
Entered as second-class matter December 9, 1909, at the postoffice at Pittsburgh, Pa.
f North Diamond Station) under the act of August 24, 1912,
Press of
pittsburgh printing company
pittsburgh, pa,
1921
Faculty
The Eev. JAMES A. KELSO, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President and Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature
The Nathianiel W. Conkling Foundation
The Eev. ROBERT CHRISTIE, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Apologetics
The Rev. DAVID RIDDLE BREED, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Homiletics
The Rev. DAVID S. SCHAFF, D. D.
Professor of Ecclesiastical History and History of Doctrine
The Rev. WILLIAM R. FARMER, D. D.
Reunion Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution
The Rev. JAMES H. SNOWDEN, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Systematic Theology
The Rev. SELBY FRAME VANCE, D. D., LL. D.
Memorial Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. DAVID E. CULLEY, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor of Hebrew
The Rev. FRANK EAKIN, B. D.
Instructor in New Testament Greek and Librarian
Prof. GEORGE M. SLEETH
Instructor in Elocution
Mr. CHARLES N. BOYD
Instructor in Music
The Bullelin
— of me —
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
Volume XIV. October, 1921. No. 1
The Interpretation of the Book of Revelation
A Critical and Exegetical Cominentai"y on the Revelation of St. John.
By R. H. Charles, D. Litt., D.D. (in two volumes) New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons, 1920, $9.00.
The Apocalypse of John. Studies in Introduction with a ciitical and
exegetical commentary. By Isbon T. Beckwith, Ph.D., D.D. New
York: The Macmillan Co., 1919. $4.00.
The Revelation of St. John the Divine. By C. Anderson Scott, M.A.
(The New-Century Bible). Edinburgh: T. C. & E. C. Jack. $1.00.
The Revelation of St. John the Divine. By James Moffatt. In Vol. V of
Expositor's Greek Testament. New York: Doran. $6.00.
Studies in the Book of Revelation. By Stephen A. Hunter, Ph.D., LL.D
Pittsburgh: Published privately 1921. $2.00. May be purchased
at the Presbyterian Book Store, Pittsburgh. A review of Dr.
Hunter's work is to appear in the next number of the Bulletin.
No one who can read German can afford to neglect the com-
mentary on Revelation by Wilhelm Bousset published in 1906 as the
sixth edition of the famous Meyer series of NT commentaries. The
English and American commentators mentioned in this list are
deeply indebted to Bousset; and his work is absolutely indispensable
for a study of the history of interpretation.
The Revelation of St. John the Divine has been an
enigma to the interpreter of Scripture from the second
century down to our own generation. "True as the Gos-
pel" and "Mysterious as the Apocalypse" are two of the
commonest bywords of general literature. It is this pro-
verbial mysteriousness of the last book of the New Testa-
ment Canon which has caused it to be shunned on the
one hand, and abused on the other. The sober type of
Christian mind has passed by this matchless piece of
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
imaginative literature enshrined in the New Testament,
because of its strange Oriental symbolism and its bizarre
allegories. For another type of mind, these are the very
qualities which have invested the book with a charm,
because the mysteriousness of its symbolism could easily
be capitalized in the interests of vagaries and at times
even of fanaticism. Up until recent years the book
seemed to be unique in its literary qualities; hence, ac-
cording to a common notion, it was not necessary to sub-
ject it to the recognized canons of interpretation. In
other words, the exegete was the master of the situation
and he could give free rein to his fancies, unfettered by
any embarrassing facts and principles.
The attitude of the great Reformers is typical and
suggestive. It is an eloquent fact that John Calvin at-
tempted no commentary on the Book of Revelation.
Martin Luther, in the first edition of his New Testament,
relegated it to an appendix, giving as a reason for his
position that the book did not reveal Christ as plainly as
did the Gospels and the Epistles. But in the later edition
of his New Testament, Luther included it among the
regular canonical writings; yet Calvin's neglect and
Luther's compromise are typical of the attitude of a great
mass of Christian people, for, with the exception of a few
familiar treasured passages, largely separated from their
context, the book is either shunned or barely tolerated.
With another group of Christians, the Chiliasts, the
Apocalypse has been a favorite book from the early cen-
turies of the Christian era down to our own day. It was
the thousand year reign of the risen martyrs (Rev.
20:4-6) which made the book the very center of their in-
terest. Later the millennial view of Christ's Kingdom
was discredited for a thousand years under the influence
of Augustine; but emerged again after the Reformation,
and was responsible for many commentaries on the clos-
ing book of New Testament Canon in the Chiliastic spirit.
It is safe to say that there never would have been any
Interpretation of the Booh of Revelation
Chiliasm in the Churcli of the past or present, if it were
not for these few verses in the twentieth chapter of the
Book of Revelation. When one realizes how far-reach-
ing the influence of the interpretation of even a single
passage of Scripture may become, it is obvious that
the right principles of exegesis as applied to the
Apocalypse are all-important. Protestant Christianity
as a whole and especially the Presbyterian Church, with
their great emphasis on the Scriptures as a source of
authority in matters of faith and practice, cannot afford
to merely tolerate a book in the New Testament Canon,
or to permit it to become the monoply of those who are
interested in one-sided or fantastic views of the Kingdom
of God. It is necessary to come to a distinct imderstand-
ing as to the type of literature to which the Apocalypse
belongs, and then to determine the true principles of
exegesis. In other words, the interpretation of the Book
of Revelation, in the parlance of our extremely utilitarian
age, is a practical question for the ministry.
It is to the credit of modern critical Biblical scholar-
ship that it has undertaken to solve this most difficult
problem of Biblical interpretation with a thoroughness
that would have astonished our fathers. It has achieved
definite and unexpected results, because it has had at
its disposal new and hitherto untapped resources upon
which it has drawn very copiously. In our day a number
of great illuminating commentaries have appeared
which no serious student of New Testament literature
can afford to neglect. A full list of these recent com-
mentaries may be found as an introduction to this article,
but in this paper the treatment will center about "The
Apocalypse of John," by Isbon T. Beckwith, and ''The
Revelation of St. John," the monumental commentary
by R. H. Charles, who is generally recognized as the
greatest authority on Apocalyptic literature in the world.
These two works are complementary to each other, es-
pecially in the elaborate introductions which in both
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
works are as voluminous as the commentary proper. We
believe that Charles has achieved more permanent re-
sults because he has broken more completely with the tra-
ditions of the past. He himself asserts that he was com-
pelled to make this break after years of study and, in con-
sequence, to rewrite his commentary which had been par-
tially completed. For this very reason, Charles' work
constitutes one of the noteworthy landmarks in the his-
tory of the interpretation of the Apocalypse, and will
be a mine of information for future students and investi-
gators.
In order to fully appreciate and interpret a piece of
ancient literature, it is necessary to determine its
proper literary classification. To discover its literary
form is more important than to know its author. Is it
prose or poetry? a dry-as-dust annal or a piece of
imaginative writing? And if it is classified as poetry,
does it belong to the dramatic, epic, or lyric type? The
form of printing settles such questions in modern litera-
ture, but, when books were laboriously copied by hand
and existed only in manuscripts, the form by no means
fixed the literary class of any writing. Furthermore,
ancient Oriental literature possessed literary forms
which are not employed to-day. One of such forms is the
ancient Apocalyptic, a distinct and well defined type
which the Jews affected from the second century B. C.
on for several centuries and which was copied by Chris-
tians. As the Holy Spirit made use of lyric poetry and
proverbs to touch the human heart, it did not hesitate to
employ the form, imagery, and symbolism of the Jewish
Apocalypse. God spoke to the fathers in divers manners,
as well as in divers portions, and one of these manners
was the Apocalyptic type of literature.
Now the first and fundamental fact that modern in-
vestigation has determined beyond a shadow of a doubt
is that the Book of Revelation is an apocalypse. Let it
be repeated with emphasis that this literary classification
Interpretation of the Book of Revelation
is the determining factor in its interpretation. Professor
Beckwitli states the case very clearly: "The Revelation
of John follows, not only in form, but to an extent in
matter also, the manner of a class of Jewish writings
which were widely known and influential in the last
two centuries before Christ and in the first century
of our era, and which are now generally called
apocalyptic. As regards the type of literature the Rev-
elation is rightly placed in the same general class with
these, much as it differs from them, and it cannot be cor-
rectly interpreted apart from these modes of thought
and expression which greatly influenced its formal
character." The American scholar then proceeds to de-
vote thirty pages to a presentation of the extra-canoni-
cal Jewish literature and its main characteristics.
Turning to the distinguished English scholar, we
discover that his unique qualification for writing a com-
mentary on this New Testament book was his long fa-
miliarity with the Jewish Apocalyptic literature. Dr.
Charles informs us that Messrs. T. & T. Clark asked him
to undertake a commentary on the Apocalypse in 1894.
' ' The present commentary, therefore, is the result .of a
study extending over twenty-five years. During the first
fifteen years of the twenty-five — not to speak of the pre-
ceding eight years which were in large measure devoted to
kindred subjects — my time was mainly spent in the study
of Jewish and Christian Apocalyptic as a whole, and of
the contributions of individual scholars of all the Chris-
tian centuries, but especially of the last fifty years, to
the interpretation of the Apocalypse." Dr. Charles is
both the general editor and a prominent contributor to
the critical translation of the Jewish Apocalyptic works*.
His long and intimate familiarity with the imagery and
point of view of the Apocalyptist have made possible
this commentary which is an original piece of work be-
*R. H. Charles, Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Tes-
tament. (Two large volumes) Oxford. 1913.
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
cause it breaks in so many particulars with traditions.
Let the critic, who after a casual study of the com-
mentary is tempted to question Charles' conclusions,
pause before he speaks or puts his pen to paper and weigh
the position of authority which thirty-three years of
patient study give to this commentator.
The second fundamental determining fact is the
prophetic nature of the New Testament Apocalypse.
When the voice of Old Testament prophecy was hushed,
the Apocalyptic literature was developed, but it had its
roots back in passages like Isaiah 24-27 and Ezekiel 38-39,
to mention only two important passages, and is closely
related to Old Testament prophecy.
While the extra-canonical Jewish and Christian
Apocalyptic writings are artificial prophecy, manifestly
predictions ex eventu, the Book of Revelation, although
an apocalypse in structure and form, is a work of genu-
ine prophecy. The author claims to be a seer, and de-
clares quite clearly that he received his message in an
ecstatic state (22:9; 10:11; 1:1, 11, 19; 22:6, 8, 16). The
usual designation which the author employs to charac-
terize his work is ''the words of the prophecv" (1:3;
22:7,10,18,19).
Professor Beckwith is entirely correct when he writes
''The fact that the prophecy of Revelation is in the
apocalyptic form does not differentiate it in its essential
nature from those of the Old Testament". This leads
him to discuss the characteristics of Old Testament
prophecy in detail and indicate their occurrence in the
Book of Revelation. Consequently the same rules of his-
torical interpretation apply in both cases. To illustrate, if
one makes the serious error of regarding Old Testament
prophecy as a time-table of history, he will do the same
with this book of New Testament prophecy. To make
these principles clear, Beckwith deals with the historical
setting of prophecy and the interpretation of the book of
Revelation in terms of prophecy. Charles supplements
10
Interpretation of the Book of Revelation
him by setting forth the method of the seer from the
psychological point of view. "Prophecy and apocalyptic
for the most part use the same methods for learning and
teaching the will of God. The knowledge of the prophet
as of the seer came through dreams, visions, trances, and
through spiritual, and yet not unconscious communion
with God — wherein every natural faculty of man was
quickened to its highest power. When we wish to dis-
tinguish the prophet and seer, we say the prophet
hears and announces the word of God, whereas the seer
sees and recounts his vision." After drawing this dis-
tinction between prophet and seer, Charles deals in detail
with the means which the seer uses for presenting his
message. He enumerates "psychical experiences, and re-
flection or rather reason embracing the powers of insight,
imagination, and judgment". After this the author
passes on to discuss the psychical state in detail and thu3
prepares the ground for the enunciation of principles
which are essential for the interpreter of the Apocalypse.
The student should note these with care. Literal
descriptions of such experiences, i. e. of ecstatic states
and visions are "hardly ever possible. The language of
the seer is symbolic." "The seer labored under a
two-fold disability. His psychical powers were general-
ly unequal to the task of apprehending the full meaning
of the heavenly vision, and his powers of expression were
frequently unable to set forth the things he had appre-
hended" (Charles pp CIV ff).
In the Book of Revelation, we have the result of the
seer's effort to put in human language his sublime ex-
perience of communion with God. It is no wonder his
imagination and literary resources were hard put to in
accomplishing the task, and that we prosaic, matter-of-
fact Occidentals have difficulty in interpreting his alle-
gories and symbols.
All prophecy is imbedded in history. The prophet
of the Old Testament invariably has a concrete message
11
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
for his own age. He never deals with truth in the ab-
stract but in terms of the political situation of his own
day. For example, with Isaiah the Messianic age is
always to be ushered in after the defeat of the Assyrian
on the hills of Judah. In Jeremiah's day the Assyrian
has passed from the stage of history, and in his place a
Chaldean king carries out the judgment of Jehovah on
Israel. To put it briefly, a prophet always reflects his
political environment. In this particular, again, our
work is true to the inner characteristics of prophecy.
Imperial Rome of the last quarter of the first cen-
tury, the Emperor cult fostered by an obsequious official
priesthood, the myth of Nero Redivivus, the Parthian
hordes on the Eastern frontier, and the terrible times of
the persecution which was threatening the Church of
Jesus Christ are all clearly reflected in the pages of the
Apocalypse. For the New Testament seer, as for the Old
Testament prophet, the Kingdom of God was to be ush-
ered in only after the downfall of the dominant pagan
world power. Only for him it was Imperial Rome of
the first century of our era, instead of Assyria, Babylonia,
or Persia of the pre-Christian days.
The inadequacy of the three traditional methods of
interpretation is fully established in these modern
studies. Each one of these methods recognized one or
more elements of the work, but failed to do justice to
many facts and to important sections. We refer to the
three classes of interpretation which are commonly de-
scribed as the Futurist, the Historical, and the Preterist.
The Futurist, or Chiliastic interpreters, "see the whole
contents of the book as lying still in the future; they
recognize in no part of the book (at least after the third
chapter) the reflection of a situation which was either past
or present to the writer; from that point forward it is ail
prophecy, prediction of the events immediately preced-
ing the Second Advent". According to the contempor-
ary historical interpretation ''the prophecy covers the
12
Interpretation of the Book of Revelation
whole history of the church and the world in its antag-
onism to the church, from the time of its writing down
to the end of the world". The Preterist school limited
the predictions of the book to the first and succeeding
centuries. The scope of the Eevelation was confined to
the struggle between the church of the early centuries
and her bitter antagonists, the synagogue and the Eoman
state; its predictions were exhausted in the triumph of
Christianity and the church under Constantine. The
commentaries of a generation ago and earlier are based
on one or another of these three methods of approach.
If the reader will turn to either Charles (I pp CLXXXIII
ff) or Beckwith (pp 334 ff), he will discover that many
of the phenomena of the book were almost completely
overlooked by any or all three of these traditional
schools ; and he will find several other methods mentioned
— ''The Literary-Critical method" which has assumed
several forms, the ^'Traditional-Historical method,"
"Religious-Historical method", "Philosophical meth-
od", and the "Psychological method". The followers
of each one of these methods have seized upon a particu-
lar element and attempted to make it the determining
principle in the solution of the exegetical problems. In
itself, each one of these theories of interpretation is in-
adequate, but each in turn has made some contribution
to a better understanding of the Book of Revelation. The
writer of this paper would strongly support Beckwith
in suggesting "Apocalyptic-Prophetic" as a comprehen-
sive descriptive term which covers all the elements of
truth to be found in the various theories of interpretation
enumerated above. Psychological experiences and philo-
*sophical principles, as w^ell as the historical situation,
are involved in the designation of a work as an Apocalyp-
tic-Prophetic work. If the Apocalypses were philoso-
phies of history, so is the Revelation of St. John the
Divine. The author gives us descriptions of visions when
he was in the Spirit. Visions came in ecstatic states of
the soul. This one fact takes us to the investigation of
13
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the psycliological facts and principles that are involved
in dreams, visions, and the prophetic state generally. We
regret that space will not permit us to go further, but a
careful perusal of the introductions of any of these re-
cent commentaries will convince an open-minded reader
that the three traditional schools of interpretation did
not begin to realize the complexity of the exegetical
problems of this marvelous book.
The grammatical structure of the Greek of the
Apocalypse has always been a problem for the reader of
the Greek New Testament. It is unlike any Greek found
elsewhere and has always been a source of perplexity
to the serious student. Let us hear what Dr. Charles
has to say on this point. "In fact, John the Seer used
a unique style, the true character of which no grammar
of the New Testament has yet recognized. He thought
in Hebrew and frequently introduces Hebrew idioms lit-
erally in Greek. But soleistic style cannot be wholly
explained from its Hebraistic coloring. The language
which he adopted in his old age formed for him no rigid
medium of expression. Hence, he remodelled its syn-
tax freely, and created Greek that is absolutely his own"
(p. XI). Dr. Charles informs us that he gradually mas-
tered this Greek and rewrote his commentary. As a re-
sult of this special investigation, he has included a
' ' Short Grammar of the Apocalypse ' ' covering forty-two
pages in the first volume of his treatise.
The textual problems of the book have been studied
with equally painstaking care. The author states that
"the necessity of the mastering of John's style and gram-
mar necessitated a first-hand study of the chief MSS and
versions, and in reality of a new text and new transla-
tion" (p XI). Some idea of the Herculean labor in-
volved in preparing a critical edition of the Greek text
may be gained from the following statement found in
the preface. "In the foundation of the Apparatus Crit-
icus I had to call in the help of other scholars, since, ow-
14
Interpretation of the Book of Revelation
ing to over twenty years spent largely in tlie collection
of MSS and the formation of texts in several languages,
I felt my eyes were wholly unequal to this fresh strain".
The critically reconstructed Greek text is found in
the second volume (pp 227-385); immediately following
the Greek, we have the English translation of the recon-
structed and to some extent rearranged text (pp 386-446).
Let the reader note that it is printed as poetry to bring
out the parallelism which is the fundamental character-
istic of Hebrew poetry. The typographical form of the
page keeps constantly before the mind the fact that the
reader is dealing with a poetical and, therefore, an
imaginative piece of literature. Our author is absolute-
ly correct when he maintains "To print such passages
as prose is to rob them of half their force". Dr. Charles
thinks that the text of 20:4-22 "is incoherent and self-
contradictory as it stands". Consequently they are the
source of "insurmountable difficulty to the exegete".
Ten pages (144-154 in Vol. II) are devoted to the discus-
sion of this point, and at the close we receive the sugges-
tion that chapters 20-22 ' ' should provisionally be read in
the following order": (1) 20:1-3; (2) 21:9^22:2; 14, 15,
17; (3) 20:4-15; (4) 21:5a, 4d, 5b, l-4abc; 22:3-5; (5)
21:5c, 6b-8; (6) 22:6-7, 18b, 16, 13, 12, 10; (7) 22:8-9, 20;
(8) 22:21.
Dr. Charles insists that the Apocalypse, when it is
properly arranged, is a book more easily followed than
the Epistle to the Romans or the Epistle to the Hebrews.
He considers it a practical book charged with a special
message for our day. By this statement the author does
not mean that he has cleared away all the difficulties of
exegesis, for in many passages there are unsolved enig-
mas, especially in the details of the imagery and sym-
bolism. But the general purpose of the Book of Eevela-
tion and its main teachings have been settled within cer-
tain limits quite definitely.
15
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
^^The Apocalypse — A Booh for the Present Day.
The publication of this commentary has been delayed in
manifold ways by the War. But these delays have only
served to adjourn its publication to the fittest year in
which it could see the light — that is, the year that has wit-
nessed the overthrow of the greatest conspiracy of might
against right that has occurred in the history of the
world, and at the same time the greatest fulfilment of the
prophecy of the Apocalypse. But even though the
powers of darkness have been vanquished in the open
field, there remains a still more grievous strife to wage,
a warfare from which there can be no discharge either
for individuals or States. This, in contradistinction to
the rest of the New Testament, is emphatically the teach-
ing of our author. John the Seer insists, not only that
the individual follower of Christ should fashion his prin-
ciples and conduct by the teaching of Christ, but that all
governments should model their policies by the same
Christian norm. He claims that there can be no diver-
gence between the moral laws binding on the individual
and those incumbent on the State, or any voluntary so-
ciety or corporation within the State. None can be
exempt from these obligations, and such as exempt them-
selves, however well-seeming their professions, cannot
fail to go over with all their gifts, whether great or mean,
to the kingdom of outer darkness. In any case, no mat-
ter how many individuals, societies, kingdoms, or races
may rebel against such obligations, the warfare against
sin and darkness must go on, and go on inexorably, till
the kingdom of this world has become the kingdom of
God and of His Christ. ' '
We shall close this paper by noting one important
characteristic of both these elaborate commentaries.
With all their critical thoroughness they breathe the
spirit of profound reverence, and in this particular they
continue the best traditions of Anglo-Saxon Biblical
scholarship. Alas! there are ministers to whom all this
16
Interpretation of the Book of Revelation
reverent and scholarly discussion and exposition of one
of the most beantifnl and inspiring pieces of New Testa-
ment literature will be a sealed book, because according
to the popular fashion of the day, they have studied no
Greek, either in College or in Seminary. One great argu-
ment for the study of Greek is just such an opus
magnum, a veritable thesaurus as the two volumes which
the Arch-deacon of AVestminster has given to the Avorld
after thirty-three years of study.
James A. Kelso
w
Theodore Monod, An Alumnus of
Western Seminary
Eev. D. E. Culley, Ph.D.
The readers of the Bulletin will no doubt be inter-
ested in a brief sketch of the life and activities of the
Rev. Theodore Monod, the brilliant French preacher and
pastor who passed to his eternal home February 26th. of
this year, and who was a member of the Seminary class
of 1861.
Pastor Monod was a man of great gifts, a strikingly
attractive personality and an exceptionally strong
spiritual leader. He was greatly beloved by the French
Protestants, many of whom owed to him their most
precious religious impressions and spiritual treasures.
After his seventieth birthday had passed, declining
health forced him into semi-seclusion, and church circles,
where he had formerly been a very prominent figure, saw
less and less of him as the years went by; yet he was by
no means forgotten nor will the memory of his helpful
life and service soon be effaced from the minds and
hearts of the many, many people throughout France
whose lives were transformed as a result of his forceful
preaching and exalted Christian living.
Coming of a sturdy Huguenot family he had reason
to be proud of his heritage. Several of his forbears, in-
cluding his father, had been able preachers of the Hugue-
not faith. His uncle, Adolphe Monod, was pastor at the
famous Church of the Oratoire from 1847 until his death
in 1856, and has been pronounced the foremost Protes-
tant preacher of 19th century France. A cousin,
Gabriel Monod, was a leading French historian and edu-
cator, retiring from his professorship at the Ecole des
hautes Etudes in 1905 to become professor of the College
de France. Many excellent volumes on history the
18
Theo. Monod, An Alumnus of Western Seminary
French owe to his pen. Theodore's father, Frederic
Monod, was likeAvise a distinguished French pastor and
pulpit orator, serving for a time at the Oratoire and
later at the Chapelle du Nord. He, with Count Gasparin,
was founder of the Union of the Evangelical Churches of
France.
Theodore Monod, born Nov. 6, 1836, began his
studies in Paris at an early age, and soon distinguished
himself by his brilliant gifts. At twenty-one years he
was Bachelor of Science, then Master of Arts, and had
already completed two years in the study of law. His
original plans did not include the study of theology, but
in 1857 his father made a visit to America on a preach-
ing tour and took his son with him. It was a time of an
intense religious awakening in this country, and the
young and brilliant Parisian was converted in New York
City in April, 1858. He immediately determined to fol-
low in the way of his father, grandfather, and uncle and
become a Protestant minister. So in the autumn he be-
came a student at the Western Theological Seminary,
where he completed his course in 1861. In the same year
he was licensed by the Presbytery of Allegheny and or-
dained by the Presbytery of Chicago, and preached
among the French Canadians in the Second Church of
Kankakee, Illinois, from 1861-63. It is said that he
never forgot his '"good Canadians" but often referred
to them in later years.
In 1864 he returned to Paris where he succeeded his
father as pastor of the Chapelle du Nord, remaining
with this church eleven years. In 1875, he took part in
the Oxford movement and largely sponsored this new re-
ligious enterprise as it was carried on in France, travel-
ling and speaking, often in company with Mr. and Mrs.
Pear sail Smith, or Slackwood and Henri Varley and
Lord Radstock. "It was at this time that he began
composing hymns to be sung in the meetings, giving
voice to the new found joy and peace of many souls as
19
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
they learned the meaning of a genuine Christian ex-
perience. ' '
As might readily be imagined, Theodore Monod was
himself greatly benefited by his work as an evangelist in
connection with the Oxford movement. He was the re-
cipient of a rich spiritual blessing which fitted him for
another great w^ork which he undertook in 1875 when he
became director of the activity of the ' ' Interior Mis-
sion", an organization interdenominational in character
which had been recently founded in France and which
needed the help of a strong leader. The work was again
chiefly evangelistic and was carried on in city and coun-
try. It was a time when France was under the spell of
a great spiritual revival, the 19th Century Reveil, and
Monod 's work was exceedingly fruitful. The awakening
is still fondly recalled by many good Protestant people.
It was the spiritual event of the century. Monod
was at the height of his preaching career during
this period, and his great messages of hope and faith
were constructive and inspiring and led many people to
embrace the new life.
From 1878 to 1906 he was pastor of the Fgiise
Reformee at Paris where he felt that in giving up his
activity in the wider evangelistic field he was a loser.
He was admirably fitted for the specifically evangelistic
type of preaching and it was a passion with him. Never-
theless, in this new sphere he was an attractive and
stimulating preacher and helpful pastor. He possessed
a great gift in familiar exposition of Scripture and this
gift he exercised in his pulpit utterances. It was not
preaching so much as teaching. His hearers were stimu-
lated as they were led into the heart of a scriptural
passage by his illuminating expositions. He gave evi-
dence at all times of his keen spiritual perception and
his sympathetic appreciation of the human heart.
The gifted pastor was also a poet, and wrote many
hymns for the Sunday School and Church service. He
20
Tlieo. Monod, An Alumnus of Western Seminary
himself made two collections of such hymns and during
an active career wrote much besides. He was editor of
Le Liberateur from 1875 to 79 ; and during his life pub-
lished several books, among which may be mentioned the
following: Regardant a Jesus-, Le Chretien et sa Croix;
De qiioi s'agit il; La Volante de Dieu; (English edition
''Life More Abundant") ; Loin dii Nid; and Au Vent la
Voile, the last two works being in poetic form.
Theodore Monod 's class in the Seminary contained
fifty-seven members, a very large class when compared
with those of the present day, and of these fifty-seven
men, if we may venture an estimate, Monod later became
the most illustrious, with the exception perhaps of Cal-
vin W. Mateer who performed such conspicuous service
on the mission field of China ; and the Seminary may well
be proud to own these two outstanding men whose ser-
vice to their common Lord was performed in such widel}^
separated fields.
21
Literature
JESUS and PAUL. Lectures given at Manchester College,
Oxford, for the Winter Term, 1920, by Benjamin W. Bacon, D.D.,
Professor of New Testament Interpretation at Yale University. New
York: The Macmillan Company. 1921. $2.50.
This is an attempt to delineate the thought of the Church of
the First Century in its relation to its founder, Jesus Christ. Ac-
cording to the author, Jesus at first supposed his mission to be
that of a political Messiah. Failing in this, he tried to reform the
temple worship. This second failure and its consequence, the cross,
led him to believe that the cross was the God-appointed plan for his
life. He saw in himself the fulfillment of the Suffering Servant of
Isaiah and so instituted the Lord's Supper to perpetuate this thought
in the church. God had planned to save such as believe on him,
through his vicarious suffering. This doctrine the early church ac-
cepted and instituted the rite of baptism to symbolize a self-dedica-
tion to Jesus and to a life of faith like his.
These conceptions Paul received from the Church, and these
he developed. The Synoptic Gospels were largely influenced by
Paul's disciples and so have interpreted Jesus in harmony with
Paul; likewise the General Epistles, the Pastoral Epistles, and
Revelation.
The Gospel of John and the Epistles of John were written forty
years after Paul's death by an Ephesian disciple of Paul, and pre-
sent a theology based on Paul's teachings but colored by the diffi-
culties which the Church in Western Asia had to meet.
Many who differ from Professor Bacon in his critical position
may be pleased to find him asserting that Paul truly interprets
Jesus, but, aside from that, will be at variance on almost every page.
SELBY F. VANCE
What Christianity Means to Me. By Lyman Abbott. New York: Mac-
millan Company, 1921. $1.75.
This book, the child of Dr. Abbott's old age, is a testimony, not
a treatise; his spiritual autobiography, he calls it. As we would
expect in such a book and from such a man, there is little made
of the time honored doctrines of theology. The quarrel between
Trinitarian and Unitarian deals largely with the metaphysical re-
lation between Christ and the Father and does not interest him.
The doctrine of a historic fall and resultant depravity rests on a
parable in the Old Testament and a parenthesis in the New. So
we might continue. But Dr. Abbott finds his religion centering
in Christ, the revealer of God and imparter of life to himself and
to the world. He interprets Christ's familiar words, "Thou art
Peter and on this rock will I build my church," as referring not
to Peter's doctrine of Christ, nor yet to Peter and the Twelve as
an organization not yet founded, but to Peter as a type of humanity
transformed by the inspiration he had received from the year's in-
.22
Literature
timate companionship he had had with Jesus. Christ declared, "I
am come to preach glad tidings to the poor," and from Him has
come a new spirit of philanthropy into the world. He said, "I am
come to give life," and the life that radiated and radiates from
His transcendent personality inspired other personalities and
has remained the one greatest single influence in the history of
the world the past eighteen centuries, manifesting itself along every
avenue of human thought and activity. He came to save the lost —
from sin, not from punishment. This salvation He brings through
imparted life — "We are saved not by imputation, but by impartation
of righteousness" — and this life is given as all life is given, at the
cost of sacrifice, not sacrifice to appease God but to win man and
move him by sacrificial love to love of the sacrificing God. Dr.
Abbott attempts a brief summary of his belief in such words as
these, — "We live in two worlds — a world of matter, which is under
inviolable law; a world of the spirit, which is free. God is a spirit,
and is the Father of our spirits. Jesus Christ is the supreme
manifestation history affords of what God is and what we may be-
come. In his life of love, service, and sacrifice is that supreme
manifestation of the life of the spirit which we can share with Him
and with His Father, an immortal life which the decay of the in-
struments it uses does not and cannot destroy". He condenses the
meaning of Christianity in his life into such statements as these:
"A new spirit of love, service, and sacrifice in humanity."
"A new and ever developing life in art, literature, music, philo-
sophy, government, industry, worship."
"A relief from the burden of remorse for past errors, blunders,
and sins."
"Faith in ourselves and our fellow men."
"Faith in the great enterprise in which God's loyal children are
engaged, that of making a new world out of this old world, a faith
which failure does not discourage, nor death destroy."
"Faith in a Leader who both sets us our task and shares it with
us; the longer we follow him and work with him, the more worthy
to be loved, trusted, and followed does he seem to us to be."
"Faith in our present possession of a deathless life of the spirit,
which we share with the Father of our spirits and our divinely ap-
preciated leader."
GEORGE C. FISHER,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
The Range Finders. By Charles Frederick Wishart, D.D., LL.D. 75c.
The Attractions of the Ministry. By James H. Snowden, D.D., LL.D.
90c. Both published by the Presbyterian Board of Publication,
Philadelphia. 1921.
These two booklets are reviewed together because they treat of
the same subject and have a common purpose. They deal with the
ministry, its work and attractions, and the obligation of young men
of education and ability to seriously consider the ministry as a life
calling. They are timely books because the Presbyterian Church is
suffering from a shortage of ministers. It needs at least four hundred
more ministers to efficiently carry on its work at home and abroad.
In order to replace the break in the ranks and to provide for an
advance, three hundred new men ought to be ordained every year.
23
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
As a matter of fact, the seminaries of the Church are not graduating
fifty percent of that number at the present time. This situation has
led to the publication of these two heart-searching books. The two
books are complementary to each other both in subject matter and in
the form of presentation. Dr. Wishart is a poet as well as a preacher.
He has selected the title for the book from the fifth address, "The
Range Finders". In the armies of the Great War the airmen were the
range finders, or the eyes, for the divisions and corps which maneu-
vered and fought on the ground. In like manner the minister serves as
a range finder for society, or, as Dr. Wishart puts it, 'the range finder
of civilization's great battle'. While Dr. Wishart's treatment is
touched with the imaginaton of the poet, it is also historical, for he
lays the basis of the appeal in the experiences and teachings of the
prophets of the Old Testament. He brings out the virility of the
ministerial calling in the chapter, 'The Gospel of Labor'. He shows
that the secret of the minister's purpose is found in the depth and
the reality of the devotional life in the chapter entitled, 'The Inner
Chamber'.
Dr. Snowden, in a masterly and convincing way, analyzes the
minister's life and work, under four general headings: 'Motives Which
Do Not Apply to the Ministry;' 'General Attractions of the Ministry';
'Specific Attraction of the Ministry'; 'Some Subsidiary Questions'.
Under the last heading he treats three vital points, namely, 'What
Constitutes a Call to the Ministry?' 'What Preparation Is Necessary
for a Successful Ministry?' 'Is There Any Special Call for Ministers
of Ability To-day?'
These two-up-to-date stimulating presentations of the minister-
ial work and opportunity ought to have a wide circulation among
the young men of the Presbyterian Church. Pastors and college pro-
fessors ought to circulate them in their congregations and classes.
MY NEIGHBOR THE WORKINGMAN. By James Roscoe Day.
The Abington Press. 1921. $2.50.
Everyone necessarily orients his thinking from the viewpoint
of his own experience and the philosophy of life to which it has led
him. There is no such thing as an unbiased judgment with any of us;
we only deceive ourselves when we think we make one. All are
affected by the experiences that have made us what we are when
we sit in judgment.
This must be kept much in mind in appraising Chancellor
Day's recent book on the industrial question. Straightforward and
frank to state the truth as he sees it, he nevertheless could not
escape these limitations. He is a man of somewhat advanced years
who came up out of the period in American history that made for
the most pronounced individualism. It was then his philosoph"''^
of life set its norms, and they in turn have given form to his opinions
set forth in this study. His experiences of physical labor were
those on the farm, where the personal touch in industry is at its
best. His contact with the intricate organism of a great modern
industry has been largely from the side of capital. He tries to
be sympathetic with the wage earner; the very title of the book
shows that. But he fails. He cannot see the situation through
the windows of the man tied for life to a changeless grind at a
24
Literature
monotonous task. Indeed, he very explicitly refuses to believe there
is any such situation. Like the old-time country school director
who thought every boy could become president, he insists every
man of toil should be spurred on by the hope that sometime he may
become a foreman or something of the kind. This he does, utterly
ignoring the fact that not one in twenty can possibly be given these
coveted positions and that for the other ninteeen the Scripture is
bound to be fulfilled, "Hope long deferred maketh the heart sick,"
with the result that the end for the nineteen is the sourness and cyni-
cism of failure and defeat. If life is to have value for the nineteen,
it must be made so in the employment they now have.
There is in the book little of reasoning, practically nothing
of analysis of any particular industrial experiences of the country.
The bulk of it is the author's own opinions, to which he has come
through his own general observations and experiences, along with
copious advice to the workingman. The range is indicated by the
chapter headings: "My Neighbor's Fallacies, My Neighbor's Strikes,
My Neighbor's Bad Example, My Neighbor's Property, My Neigh-
bor's Advantages," etc, through eighteen chapters. Evidently the
author feels very deeply what he presents, but unfortunately his
feelings persistently run away with him. He starts a chapter with
careful reasoning, only to work himself up before the second page
into a state in which he fumes and fusses, frets and scolds. Little
progress is made by speaking of foreigners "coming to this country
to prey upon us and to grow up with the odor of Mephitis Ameri-
cana and the jaws of a combined wolf and the laughing hyena,"
who "should be treated as wild beasts". The book is marred also
by lack of discrimination. Such diametrical opposites as anarchism
and socialism, bolshevism and labor unionism, he throws together
In a hodgepodge, all of which he condemns on the general princi-
ple that their advocates are opposed to things as they are. There
is no effort at analysis to set forth the fallacies in the intricate
organism of Marxian socialism nor the inherent weakness of
anarchism. On the other side, there is just as much confusion in
the way he confounds together management, capital, and natural
resources, with much to say about the "working capitalist", what-
ever that may be. The orthodox economists he finds to be all
wrong in their conception of capital for "it is not true that capital
is created by labor". "Capital has made the workingman and keeps
him alive." Christian ideals of fealty suffer likewise. Over against
the apostolic contention that one's first fealty is to, God, he finds
that "his first duty is to his land", and the hope of the world he
finds in "loyal men and women who might forget their Bibles but
not their constitution and their laws".
There is a large contribution to be made to the solution of the
industrial problem by those whose contacts with it have been mostly
from the side of those whose interests are of capitalist and employ-
er. We must have the problem presented from this side to help
us keep a balance as over against the contentions of those whose
viewpoint is that of the employed. But it will not be found in
Chancellor Day's book. Here is much of heat, little of light.
CHARLES REED ZAHNISER
25
Alumniana
DIREOrORY
This Directory contains the names of all students matriculated
at the Western Theological Seminary who are now living.
The first section is an alphabetical list with classes and ad-
dresses.
It is followed (p. 49") by a list by classes. The names of all
graduates are here listed, those who received a certificate of gradu-
ation instead of a diploma being marked (c). In classes where
there are two divisions, the second list includes the names of stu-
dents who took only a part of their course in this institution.
Post-graduate students who did not take their under-graduate
work in this Seminary are listed on page 63.
Following this Directory (p. 63) is a list of students whose ad-
dresses are not known. In this section we have included the names
of former students whose biographical records are incomplete. The
faculty would be glad to receive information in regard to the per-
sons whose names appear in this group, or corrections of errors in
any part of the Directory.
ALPHABETICAL LIST WITH ADDRESSES
Ackman, J. B Monona, Iowa 1916 p-g
Alexander, Adolphus F Washington, Pa 1879
Allen, Cyrus Glenn Holliday's Cove, W. Va. 1890
Allen, David Dinsmore Taholah, Wash 1884
Allen, Louis Chowning £508 S. Colorado Ave.,
Philadelphia, Pa 1914 p-g
Allen, Perry S Commonwealth Bldg.
Philadelphia, Pa 1877
Allen, Robert Hill 3948 Grenet St. N. S.
Pittsburgh, Pa 1900
Allen, William Elliott New Cumberland, W. Va. 1892
Aller, Absalom Toner Lytton, Iowa 1886
Allison, Alexander Bertman . . . .Tarentum, Pa 1902
Alter, Gray Heilwood, Pa 1915
Alter, Robt. L. McCurdy Burkeville, Va 1893
Alter, S. N c /o American Press,
' Beirut, Syria 1920
Ambrose, John C Atkinson, Neb 1887
Ambrosimoff, Paul W Factoryville, Pa 1915-p
Amstutz, Platte T East Grand Blvd.,
Detroit, Mich 1908
Anderson, Clarence Oscar Slippery Rock, Pa 1899-p
Anderson, John Thomas Ishpeming, Mich 1908-p
Anderson, Joseph M Hyattsville, Md 1882
Anderson, J. Philander Grandview, Wash 1886
Anderson, Robert Elder Onarga, 111 1878
Anderson, Thomas Bingham . . . .Beaver Palls, Pa 1871
Anderson, William Wylie Wilmette, 111 1862
26
Alumniana
Armstrong, Harry Patterson . . . .R.F.D., Winnebago, 111.. . 1901-p
Arney, William James North East, Pa 1871-p
Arthur, James Hillcoat Hangchow, China 1912
Asdale, Wilson ..Tipton, Mo 1877
Aten, Sidney Henry Burtt, Iowa 1908
Atkinson, William A Rochester, Pa 1896
Atwell, George Perry Washington, Pa 1898
Aukerman, Elmer Malcolm, Iowa 1893
Aukerman, Robert Campbell . . . 3872 Garland Ave.,
Detroit, Mich 1895
Austin, Charles Anderson 1538 Grosbeck Road,
Cincinnati, 0 1894
Axtell, John Stockton San Mateo, Fla 1 874
Axtell, R. S Aurora, N. Y 1917-p
Backora, Vaclav Paul 407 Ridge Road,
Lackwanna, N. Y. ... 1905
Bailey, Harry Addison Johnstown, Pa 1902
Baker, Henry Vernon 302 Jucunda St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1908
Baker, James Robinson Williamsport, Pa 189]
Baker, Perrin Belle Vernon, Pa 1875
Biamford, George K New Salem, Pa 1921
Banker, Willis George Tahlequah, Okla 1885
Barbor, John Park Grove City, Pa 1874
Bardarik, George Box 357, St. Clair, Pa. . . 1920
Barnes, William Clyde Woodlawn, Pa 1916
Barr, A. H Baltimore, Md 1895-p
Barr, F. W State College, Ames, Iowa 1911-p
Barr, R. L Clitherall, Minn 1897
Barrett, W\ L Bellefontaine, Ohio .... 1900
Bartholomew, Archie Randal . . . .Falls, Creek, Pa. R. F. D. 1917
Barton, Joseph Hughes 1210 Idaho St.,
Boise, Ida 1884
Bartz, Ulysses S Hicksville, Ohio 1896
Baumgartel, Howard J Parnassus, Pa 1913
Bausman, Joseph Henderson . . . .Rochester, Pa 1883
Beatty, Charles Sherrer Valhalla, N. Y 1900
Beatty, Samuel Jamieson 16 N. Wycombe Ave.,
Landsdowne, Pa 1867
Bedickian, Shadrach V Dyberry, Pa , . . . . 1896
Belden, Luther Martin 4451 N. Winchester Ave.,
Chicago, 111 1864
Bell, Charles Ellwood City, Pa. R.F.D.l 1899
Bell, L. Carmon Huron, S. D 1889
Bemies, Charles Otis Minneapolis, Minn 1897
Benham, DeWitt Miles The Cecil, Baltimore, Md. 1887-p
Bergen, Harry Henderson 3166 Scranton Road,
Cleveland, Ohio 1912
Bergen, Stanley Vanzant Angola, N. Y 1910
Beseda, Henry Earnest Port Levaca, Texas .... 1911-p
Betts, John Melson South Brownsville, Pa... 1917
Biddle, Richard Long Westwood, Crafton, Pa.. 1895-p
Bierkemper, Charles Harry Winchester, Idaho 1901
Bingham, John Greer Mercer, Pa 1916
Bingham, William S Delaware, Ohio 1908
27
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Bisbee, George Allen Carnegie Institute of Tech-
nology, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1918
Bisceglia, J. B 505 Forest Ave.,
Kansas City, Mo 1918
Bittinger, Ardo Preston Ambridge, Pa 1903
Black, William Henry 405 College St.,
Marshall, Mo 1878
Blacker, Samuel Jrwin, Pa 1907
Blayney, Charles Philander Marshall, Mo 1878
Bleck, Erich Alexis Lawrence, Kan 19 08
Blosser, M. E 4058 Havana Ave.,
Detroit, Mich 1918
Boggs, John Marshall Marathon, N. Y 18 8 5
Bonsall, Adoniram Judson 1947 Perrysville Ave.,
N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa.. . 1883
Boone, William Judson Caldwell, Idaho 188 7
Boothe, Willis A 513 Emerson Ave.,
Pittsburg, Pa 18 82-p
Boston, John Keifer Lowellville, Ohio 1917
Boston, Samuel L Wilmerding, Pa 1886
Bovard, Charles Edward Waukesha, Wis 1906-p
Bowden, George Samuel Slippery Rock, Penna. . . 1905
Bowman, Edwin M Brownsville, Pa 18 89
Bowman, Winfield Scott Uniontown, Pa 18 92
Boyce, Isaac Allison Park, Pa 1884
Boyd, Joseph Newton Rockledge, Fla 1879
Boyle, William Fairfield, la 18 8 8-p
Bradley, Matthew Henry Painesville, Ohio 1874
Bradshaw, Charles Lincoln Flemingsburg, Ky 1918
Brandner, Edward Lewis Farmington, N. M 1918
Bransby, Charles Carson 7046 Penn Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1913-p
Breckenridge, Walter Lowrie . . .Yuma, Colo 1886
Brice, James Byers Marion, Ohio 1900
Brockway, Julius Writer Albany, N. Y 18 97-p
Brokaw, Harvey Kyoto, Japan 1896-p
Brooks, Earle Amos 10 Beacon St.,
Everett, Mass 1900
Brown, Alexander Blaine Canonsburg, Pa 1878-p
Brown, Franklin Perrel Ostrander, Ohio 18 98
Brown, George W R. F. D.,
North Jackson, Ohio... 1903-p
Brown, Samuel Truman 2301 Sherbrook Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1902
Brown, William Albert Sutersville, Pa 189 6
Brown, William F Canonsburg, Pa 18 68
Browne, H. R Shields, Pa 1915 p-g
Brownlee, Daniel Dayton, Ohio 1895
Brownlee, Edmund Stanley Appleton City, Mo 1889
Brownson, Marcus Acheson 400 S. 15th St.,
Philadelphia, Pa 1881
Bruce, Charles H Matawan, N. J 18 81-p
Bruce, Jesse Culley 156 Fifth Ave.,
New York, N. Y 1876
Bryan, Arthur Vernon Kadoka, S. D 1881
28
Alumniana
Buchanan, Aaron Moore 50 Ben Lomond St.,
Uniontown, Pa 1882
Bucher, Victor Pleasantville, Pa 1904
Buzak, Leon 1603 Antrim St., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1921
Burns, George Garrell Homer, 111 1896
Burtt, Percy Earle 1328 Main St.,
Wellsburg, W. Va. . . 1912
Bush, Merchant Spargrove c/o University,
Boulder, Col 1901
Tiyers, Edward Walter Jersey Shore, Pa 1903
13yers, William Franklin Bruin, Pa 1910
Cable, John H Nyack, N. Y 1915-p
Calder, Robert Scott St. Charles. Mo 1897
Caldwell, David New Brighton, Pa 18 94
Caldwell, William Elliott Gillingham, Wis 1882
Calhoun, Joseph Painter Bradentown, Fla 1880-p
Campbell, Charles McPheeters . . .Boulder, Col 1864
Campbell, Elgy Van Voorhis . . . .St. Cloud, Minn 1864-p
Campbell, Harry Milton Darby, Pa 19 04-p
Campbell, Henry Martyn 297 S. 12th St.,
San Jose, Cal 18 90-p
Campbell, Howard Chieng Mai, Laos, Siam 1894
Campbell, Howard Newton New Concord, Ohio .... 1887
Campbell, Richard Morrow Pennsylvania Furnace,
Pa 1866
Campbell, Wilbur Marshall Kachek, Hainan Island, S.
China 1898
Campbell, William Oliver Sewickley, Pa 1866-p
Carmichael, George Portland, Ore 1900
Carr, William Brainerd Latrobe, Pa 1873
Carson, Chalmers F Youngstown, Ohio 1881
Carson, David Gibson Pawnee, 111 1881
Chalfant, Charles Latta 816 Belnof St.,
Caldwell, Idaho 1892
Cheeseman, Charles Payson 5 919 Wellesley Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1884-p
Cheeseman, George H Euclid, Pa. R. F. D 1916
Cheeseman, Joseph Franklin . . . .5003 N. Post St.,
Spokane, Wash 1898
Cherry, Cummings Waldo Rochester, N. Y 1897
Christie, John Watson 1362 E-Long St.,
Cincinnati, Ohio .... 1907
Christoff, Athanasious Toleff . . . .c/o Maunder & Daugher-
ty Co., Kansas City,
Kan 1907
Clark, Charles Avery Rivera, Calif 1890
Clark, Chester A 1365 Paulson Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1909
Clark, James Buchanan Dayton, N. J 1883-p
Clark, J. Calvitt 213 S. Broad St.
Philadelphia, Pa. ... 1919
Clark, Robert Lorenzo Box 927,
New Park, Pa 1878
Clawson, Harry Blaine Yatesboro, Pa 1919
29
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Coan, Frederick Gaylord Tabriz, Persia 1885-p
Cobb, William Anthony Cambridge Springs, Pa. . 1899
Cochran, Charles W Falls Creek, Pa 1913
Cole, William D Vernon, Ind 1894-p
Collins, Alden Delmont Hyattsville, Md 1891
Compton, Elias Wooster, Ohio 1884-p
Conkling, Nathaniel W 26 West 8th St.,
New York, N. Y 1861
Conley, Bertram Huston ,Curwensville, Pa 1910
Connell, John Minneapolis, Minn 1913
Conrad, Ross Elmer Dalton, Ohio 1917
Cooke, Silas St. Cloud, Fla 1874
Cooper, Howard Claberg Philadelphia, Pa 1906
Cooper, Hugh Albert Albuquerque, N. M 1890
Cooper, John H Johnsonburg, Pa 1883
Cornelius, Maxwell New Bethlehem, Pa. . . . 1914
Cotton, James Sumner Salineville, Ohio 1896
Cotton, Jesse Lee Louisville, Ky 1888
Cowieson, William Reid E. Liverpool, Ohio .... 1915-p
Cozad, Frank Aron Tarentum, Pa. R. F. D. 2 1898
Cozad, W. K Markle, Pa 1893-p
Craig, Joseph A. A Washington, Pa 1895
Craig, William Reed Butler, Pa 1906
Craighead, D. E Strasburg, Pa 1891-p
Crapper, William Horatio Masontown, Pa 1914
Crawford, Frederick Swartz New Milford, Conn .... 1879
Crawford, Glenn Martin Ford City, Pa 1917
Crawford, John Allen 536 Haws Ave.,
Norristown, Pa 1891
Crawford, Oliver Cromlow Soo Chow, China 1900
Cribbs, Charles Clair Apollo, Pa 1911
Grosser, John R Millport, Ohio 1885-p
Grouse, Nathaniel Perce Stanhope, N. J 1879
Crowe, Alvin N Richmond, Ohio 19 00 p-g
Crowe, Francis Wayland 1052 Blackadore Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1902-p
Crummy, H. Russell Butler, Pa. R. F. D. 6 . , 1917
CuUey, David Ernest 1120 Pemberton Ave.,
N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa... 1904
Culley, Edward Armor Derry, Pa 1894
Cunningham, James Alexander . .13 8 W. Seneca St.,
Syracuse, N. Y 1892
Cunningham, Harry Cooper Milan, Ohio 1899-p
Daniel, D. E 426 First St.,
Conemaugh, Pa 1919
Daubenspeck, Richard Perry . . . .Huntingdon, Pa 1899
David, William Owen Butler, Pa 1908-p
Davidson, Harrison R. F. D. 2,
Steubenville, Ohio ... 1918
Davis, McLain White Seattle, Washington ... 1896
Davis, John P Solomon, Kans 1889
Day, Alanson Ritner Alexandria, Pa 1862
Day, Edgar Willis Minerva, Ohio 1882
Day, William Henry Altamont, 111 1882-p
SO
Alumniana
Deffenbaugh, George L 27 Mountain View Ave.
Santa Cruz, Cal 1878
Denise, Larimore Conover Bellevue, Pa 1905 p-g
Dent, Frederick Rodgers Millvale, Pa 1908
Depue, James Hervey Washington, D. C 1900-p
Dible, James C . . .E. San Diego, Cal 1893
Dickinson, Edwin Hastings Ligonier, Pa 1880
Dinsmore, John Walker Los Gatos, Cal 18 62
Dinsmore, William Warden Amity, Pa 1907
Diven, Robert Joseph Wrangell, Alaska 1896-p
Dodds, Joseph LeRoy A. P. M., Saharanpur,
India 1917
Doerr, J. Alfred R. P. D., Erie, Pa 1916
Donahey, Martin Luther Bowling Green, Ohio . . 1872
Donaldson, D. M Meshed, Persia 1914
Donaldson, John B .Oakland, Cal 1877-p
Donaldson, Newton Lorain, Ohia 1883
Donaldson, Robert McMorran ...Los Angeles, Cal 1888-p
Donaldson, Wilson Egbert 52nd Avenue,
Chicago, 111 1883
Donehoo, George McCune Caledonia, Minn 1897
Donehoo, George Patterson Coudersport, Pa 1886
Douglas, Elmer Hall .Upper Sandusky, Ohio . . 1905
Drake, J. E Holland, Iowa 1891
Duff, George Morgan Ellwood City, Pa 1914
Duff, Joseph Miller 564 Washington Ave.,
Carnegie, Pa 1876
Duffield, T. Ewing Cherry Tree, Pa 1906
Dunbar, Joseph Wallace Old Concord, Pa 18 95
Duncan, John Steele Mercer, Pa 1898 p-g
Dunlap, John Barr . .Bangkok, Siam 1888
Eagleson, Hodge Mcllvaine Wellston, Ohio 1919
Eagleson, Walter Finney 1704 Irving St. N. E.,
Washington, D. C. . . 1898
Eagleson, William Stewart Columbus, Ohio 1863
Eakin, Frank 335 Forest Ave.,
Ben Avon, Pa 1913
Eakin, John Anderson Petchaburi, Siam 1887
Eakin, Paul Anderson Trang, Siam 1913
Earsman, Hugh Eraser Knox, Pa 1885
Edmundson, George R Byers, Col 1892
Edwards, Charles Eugene 6911 Prospect Ave.,
Ben Avon, Pa 1884-p '
Edwards, Chauncey Theodore . . .Huntingdon Valley, Pa. . 1884-p
Eggert, John Edwin Harrington, Del 1880
Elder, James Francis First Ave. Pres. Church,
Denver, Col 1897
Elder, Silas Coe R. F. D. 13,
Grove City, Pa 1896
Eldredge, Clayton W 610 Hayden Bldg.,
Columbus, Ohio 1895
Elliott, Arthur Montgomery Ramapo, N. Y 1909 p-g
Elliott, John William 442 E. State St.,
Sharon, Pa 1885-p
Elliott, Orrin A .Glendora, Cal 1870
31
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Elliott, Paul H Ellwood City, Pa 1915-p
Elliott, Samuel Edward Monongahela House,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1876-p.
Elterich, William Otto Chefoo, China 1888
Ely, Robert W 558 Jefferson St.,
St. Charles, Mo 1885
Ernst, John L 600 N. Euclid Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1914-p
Espey, John Morton Shanghai, China 1905
Evans, Daniel Henry West Palm Beach, Fla. . . 1862-p
Evans, Frederick Walter ,New York, N. Y 1905-p
Evans, William McClung .1444 B. Avenue,
Cedar Rapids, Iowa.. 1882
Ewing, Henry D Scio, Ohio 1897
Ewing, James C. R Lahore, India 1879
Ewing, Joseph Lyons Philadelphia, Pa 1893
Farmer, William Robertson 1020 Western Ave., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa. ..... 1895
Farrand, Fountain Rothwell .... 3318 Second Ave.,
Sacramento, Cal 1883
Fast, J. W. G Akron, Ohio 1902-p
Pelmeth, Wilhelm Gotthart New Kensington, Pa. . . 1911-p
Ferguson, Henry Clay 1945 N. 31st St.,
Philadelphia, Pa 188 5
Ferguson, Thomas James Mechanicsburg, Pa 1878
Ferguson, William Adams Rushsylvania, Ohio .... 1865-p
Ferver, William Carl New Waterford, Ohio . . 1907
Fields, Joseph Cyrus Lebanon, Pa 1899-p
Fife, Noah H. G 2038 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa. ... 1863
Filipi, Bohdan Anton Clarkson, Neb 1902
Findlay, Harry John Kansas City, Mo 1912-p
Fiscus, Newell Scott Livermore, Cal 1899
Fish, Frank Millsboro, Pa 1886
Fisher, George Curtis 5919 Wellesley Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1903
Fisher, George W Mayfield, Cal 1861
Fisher, Grant Eugene Turtle Creek, Pa 189 6
Fisher, James Mclntyre Mount Joy, Pa 1916
Fisher, Sanford George Kansas City, Mo 1869-p
Fisher, William James 1482 Sixth Ave.,
San Francisco, Cal. . . 18 91-p
Fitch, Robert Ferris Hangchow, China 1898
Fleming, James Samuel West Finley, Pa 1879
Fleming, William F Ligonier, Pa 1903
Fohner, George C Sharpsville, Pa 1914-p
Foote, Samuel E Williamstown, W. Va. . . 1897
Foreman, Chauncey Atwood . . . Douglas, Ariz 1900-p
Fowler, Owen Stephen Delmont, Pa 1903
Fox, John P Terre Haute, Ind 1862-p
Fracker, George Herbert Storm Lake, Iowa 1883-p
Francis, John Junkln Afton, N. Y 1869
Frantz, George Arthur Van Wert, 0 1913
Eraser, Charles Daniel Steubenville, Ohio 1907
Eraser, Charles McLean Bessemer, Mich 1881
32
Alumniana .
Eraser, James Alex. D Stapleton, N. Y 1914
Fraser, James Wallace Clarksburg, Pa 1914
Frederick, P. W. H 1302 E. 45th St.,
Seattle, Wash 1897-p
French, Arthur Edward Port Allegany, Pa 1916
Fulton, George W Osaka, Japan 1889-p
Fulton, John Elsworth Canonsburg, Pa 1897
Fulton, John Thomas Red Wing, Minn 18 9 8
Fulton, John W Wooster, Ohio 1880
Fulton, Robert Henry Washington, Pa 1877
Fulton, Silas Alfred Des Moines, Iowa 1898-p
Fulton, William Shouse 215 N. Granada Ave.,
Alhambra, Calif 1875
Funkhouser, G. A Dayton, Ohio 1871
Furbay, Harvey Graeme Skillman, New Jersey . . 189 1-p
Gaehr, Theophilus J Yellow Springs, Ohio . . 1904
Gahagen, Clair Boyd Reynoldsville, Pa 1918
Gantt, A. G 6287 Frankstown Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1895
Garver, James Clayton ,1825 Williams St.,
Denver, Col 1883
Garvin, Charles Edmund Wheeling, W. Va 19 00-p
Garvin, James Ellsworth 3301 Iowa St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1890-p
Gaut, Robert Lawrence Boswell, Pa 1908
Gearhart, Harry Alonzo Bakerstown, Pa 1918
Geddes, Henry 709 Lodge Ave.,
Toledo, Ohio 1911
Gelvin, Edward Hill Cedar Rapids, Iowa .... 1899 p-,
Gettman, Albert Henry Livermore, Pa 1902
Getty, Robert Francis Murraysville, Pa 1894
Gibb, John D Chatfield, Minn 1893
Giboney, Ezra P R. F. D. 7,
Seattle, Wash 1899
Gibson, Alexander 1226 Liverpool St., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa. ..... 1917
Gibson, Joseph Thompson Rodgers Bldg. N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1872
Gibson, William Francis Sorento, 111 1877
Giffin, James Edwin Gibsonia, Pa 1892
Gilbert, Ralph V Girard, Pa 1916
Gilson, Harry 0 Castle Shannon, Pa 1888
Glunt, George Lang 371 Semple St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1911-p
Goehring, Joseph Stephen Foley, Minn 1905-p
Good, Albert Irwin Kribi, Cameroun, W.
Africa 1909
Good, Edward Clair 110 Church St.,
Punxsutawney, Pa.... 1916
Gordon, Percy Hartle Library St.,
Braddock, Pa 1896
Gordon, Seth Reed Tulsa, Olka 1877
Gourley, John Crawford Delmont, Pa 1875-p
Graham, David S R.F.D., Sewickley, Pa.. . 19 01
Graham, Franklin Floyd Caetate, Bahia, Brazil.. . 1910
33
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Graham, John Joseph .Geneva, Ohio 1875
Gray, Thomas Jefferson Grafton, Pa 188l6
Graybeill, John Henry St. Mary's, Pa 1876
Greene, David A .Poplar St. Pres Church,
Cincinnati, Ohio .... 1896
Greenlee, Thomas Beaver 1721 Acacia St.,
Alhambra, Calif 1882
Gregg, Andrew Jackson Waterman, 111 1885
Gregg, Oscar Job Adams Mills, Ohio 1894
Greves, Ulysses Sherman New Alexandria, Pa. ... 1895
Griffith, Howard Levi Leavittsburg, Ohio .... 1902
Griffith, O. C R.F.D., Coraopolis, Pa.. 1918
Gross, John H West Newton, Mass. . . . 1912-p
Gross, Oresta Carroll Brewster, Minn 1910
Grubbs, Henry Alexander Windsor Court Apts.,
Baltimore, Md 1893
Guichard, George Louis Trenton, Mich 1897-p
Guthrie, George Wesley Broomfield, W. Va 1914
Guttery, Arthur Minton Peking, China 1911
Hackett, George Stuart Fayette City, Pa 1882
Hackett, John Thomas Bridgeton, N. J 1895
Hail, Arthur Laughlin Oakdale, Pa 1909
Hail, John Baxter Wakayama, Japan .... 1875
Haines, Alfred Hermon San Diego, Cal 1900
Halenda, Dimitry 1004 Carson St., S. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1909
Halenda, Theodore R. F. D., Cranesville, Pa. 1912
Hall, Francis Milton Kane, Pa 1891
Hamilton, Charles Henry Delta, Utah 1903
Hamilton, James Washington, Pa 1892-p
Hamilton, Joseph Washington, Pa 1893-p
Hamilton, Milton John Tioga St., Johnstown, Pa. 1869
Hanna, Hugh Willard Chester, W. Va 1902
Harriman, Walter Payne Cedarville, Ohio 1915
Harrop, Ben Lyndon, Ohio 1888
Harter, Otis Lima, Ohio 1895
Harvey, Plummer Robinson . . . .Vincent, Ohio 1908
Hawk, James Harry Carrolton, Ohio 1874
Hayes, Andrew Williamson Somerset, Pa 1893
Haymaker, Edward Graham . . . .Winona Lake, Ind 1890
Hayes, Watson McMillan Wei-Hsien, Shantung,
China " 1882
Hays, Calvin Cornwell Johnstown, Pa 1884
Hays, Frank Winfield Wooster, Ohio 1890
Hays, George Smith R.F.D.4 Okarche, Okla. . 1885
Hays, William McClement Burgettstown, Pa 1886
Hazlett, Calvin Glenn Newark, Ohio 1893
Hazlett, Dillwyn McFadden Richmond Hts.,
St. Charles, Mo 1875
Hazlett, William John Grove City, Pa 1883
Heany, Brainerd Forman Ebensburg, Pa 1906
Hefner, Elbert Clarksville, Ark 1908
Helm, John Stewart .Cresson, Pa 1882
Heltman, Andrew F 2624 Beal Ave.,
Altoona, Pa 1915 p-g
34
" ' Alumniana
Hendrix, Everett J Bombay, India 1919
Henry, Robert Harvey Volant, Pa 1921
Hensel, LeRoy Cleveland Valparaiso, Ind 1914
Hepler, David Ewing Clarion, Pa 1895
Herries, Archibald James New Milford, Pa 1884
Herriott, Calvin Caldwell 1525 High St.,
Oakland, Cal •. 1876
Herron, Charles 2024 Emmet St.,
Omaha, Neb 1887
Hezlep, Herbert Cincinnati, Ohio 1898
Hezlep, William Herron A. P. Mission, Jhansi, 1
India 1911
Hickman, Alvyn Ross Groton, S. Dakota 1917
Hine, Thomas W Hagerman, Idaho 1894
Hill, James B. G Long Beach, Cal 1891
Hill, Winfield Euclid Lincoln Highway,
East Liverpool, O. ... 1868
Hitchings, Brooks Yoder, Col 1893-p
Hodil, Edward Amos Uniontown, Pa 1899
Hofmeister, Ralph C 533 Sixth St.,
Oakmont, Pa 1918
Hogg, Willis Edwin Three Rivers, Mich 1913 p-g
Hollister, William Parker
Holmes, William Jackson
Hoon, Clarke D. A
Hoover, William Homer .
Hopkins, John Thomas
Canfield, Ohio 1893
Lancaster, Ohio 1902
iFairchance, Pa 1894
Pine Lawn, St. Louis, Mo. 1909
R. P. D., Riverside, Cal. .. 1884-p
Hornicek, Francis Loyalhanna, Pa 1912
Hosack, Hermann Marshall . . . .Newell, W. Va 1898
Houk, Clarence Edwin Claysville, Pa 1907
Houston, James Theodore Chico, Cal 18 74
Houston, Robert Lockhart Erwin, Tenn 1908
Houston, William Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 1893
Howard, W. E 3426 Parkview Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1894
Howe, Edwin Carl Canton, China 1914
Howe, John L Highland, Kan 1911
Howell, H. G Homestead, Pa 1911-p
Hubbard, Arthur Eugene Crockett, Texas 1898
Hubbell, Earle B 7100 Rhodes Ave.,
Chicago, 111 1887-p
Hudock, Andrew Jay 1628 Wyoming Ave.,
Kingston, Pa 1921
Huey, James Way Pillsbury, N. Dakota ... 1907
Hughes, James Charles 39 Annabelle Ave.,
Trenton, N. J 1912
Humbert, J. I Sigel, Pa 1893
Hummel, Henry Bradford Boulder, Col 1893
Humphrey, James David Plumville, Pa. 1899
Hunter, Alexander Stuart 5826 Fifth Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1885
Hunter, James Norman Blairsville, Pa 1912
Hunter, Joseph Lawrence Camp Grant, 111 1888
Hunter, Robert A Philadelphia, Pa 1883
35
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Hunter, Stephen A 1000 Fairdale St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1876
Hunter, William Heard . . . Fargo, N. D 18'?7
Husak, Alois . .,1015 Province St., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1918
Hutchison, Harry Clinton 153 Hazelwood Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1909
Hutchison, J. E 611 Louks Ave.,
Scoltdale, Pa 1894
Hutchison, William J .Kittanning, Pa 1898
Hyde, E. Fletcher Eighty-four, Pa 18 74
Hyde, Wesley Middleton Academia, Pa 1877
Imhoff, Thomas B Follansbee, W. Va., . ... 1915-p
Inglis, John 808 Majestic Bldg.,
Denver, Col 1894-p
Inglis, Robert Scott Newark, N. J 1891-p
Irvine, James Elliott Williamsburg, Pa 1887
Irwin, Charles Fayette Eaton, Ohio 1901
Irwin, Donald Archibald Peking, China 1919
Irwin, John Coleman Hamilton, Mont 1879-p
Irwin, James Perry 137 W. 18th St.,
Erie, Pa 1867
Irwin, J. P Tengchou, Shantung,
China 1894
Jackson, Thomas Carl Upper Alton, 111 1898-p
Jennings, William Mason Columbus, Ohio 1894
Johnson, Hubert Rex 2502 Cliffbourne PI. N. W.,
Wash, D. C 1886
Johnson, William F Mainpuri, India 18 60
Johnston, David Henry Scranton, Pa 1907
Johnston, Edgar Francis West Point, Miss 188 7
Johnston, Samuel L Khedive, Pa 1913
Johnston, William Caldwell .... Ebolewo, Cameroun,
W. Africa 1895
Jolly, Austin Howell Trafford, Pa 1880
Jones, William Addison 13 6 Orchard Ave., Mt. Oli-
ver, Sta. Pgh. Pa 1889
Junek, Frank Wagner, S. D 19 08
Junkin, Clarence Mateer Clark, Pa 1887
Kane, Hugh St. Paul, Minn 1889
Kardos, Joseph Bast St. Louis, 111 190 7-p
Kaufman, George Willis 5430 Walnut St., E. E.
Pittsburgh, Pa 1907
Kaufman, Harry Elmer R.F.D., Greensburg, Pa... 1904
Keener, Andrew Ivory Clinton, N. Y 1904
Keirn, Reuel Emerson .Brockwayville, Pa 1911
Keller, Argyle Claudius Ashtabula, OhiC> 1917 p-g
Kelly, Aaron Alfred (766 S. Freedom Ave.,
Alliance, Ohio 1893
Kelly, Dwight Spalding Wright City, Okla 1904-p
Kelly, Jonathan Glutton Cowansville, Pa 1896
Kelly, Joseph Clark ,Sunbury, Pa 1864-p
Kelly, Newton Bracken Sterling, Col 1884-p
36
Alumniana
Kelso, Alexander Peebles, Jr. ... Decatur, 111 1910
Kelso, James Anderson 725 Ridge Ave., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1896
Kelso, James Beacom Belden, Neb 1899
Kelso, John B Wooster, Ohio 1904
Kennedy, John Tacoma, Wash 1895-p
Kennedy, Samuel James Alhambra, Cal 1889
Kerns, Francis A Youngwood, Pa 1888
Kerr, Charles William Tulsa, Okla 1898-p
Kerr, David Ramsey Emporia, Kan 1876
Kerr, George Gibson Canonsburg, Pa 189 9
Kerr, Greer Mcllvain R.F.D., Bulger, Pa 1871
Kerr, Henry Franklin R.F.D., Cadiz, Ohio .... 1899
Kerr, Hugh T 827 Amberson Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1897
Kerr, James Horner Orangeville, Pa 1872
Kerr, John Henry 268 Arlington Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y 1881
Keusseff, Theodore M Mt. Pleasant, Utah .... 1904
Kienle, Gustav A 51 W. First St.,
Mansfield, Ohio 1907 p-g
Kidder, Jonathan Edward Chenchow, Hunan, China 1919
Kilgore, Harry Wheeler R.F.D. Irwin, Pa 1900
King, Basil Robert 1431 Addison Road,
Cleveland, Ohio .... 1891
King, Felix Zollicoffer Arroyo Grande, Cal 1909 p-g
King, John Allison Darlington, Pa 1916
Kinter, William Alexander Bell Ave., N. S.
Pittsburgh, Pa 1889-p
Kirkbride, James F Mineral Ridge, Ohio . . . 1892
Kirkbride, Sherman Asher New Wilmington, Pa. . . 1892
Kirkpatrick, J. Max Lemont, Pa 1919
Kish, Juliua Hungarian Pres. Church,
Cleveland, Ohio 1914
Kiskaddon, Jesse Fulton Tecumseh, Mich 19 15
Kiskaddon, Roy M Box 306, Imperial, Pa.... 1913
Kmeczik, George Jessup, Pa 1911-p
Knepshield, Edward J Fayette City, Pa 190 5
Knight, Hervey B Michigan Ave.,
Pueblo, Col 1867
Knox, J. McClure Maroa, 111 1891-p
Kohr, Thomas Henry Worthington, Ohio 1875
Koonce, M. Egbert South Charleston, 0. . . . 1894
Kovacs, Andrew W Leechburg, Pa 1915-p
Kreger, Winfield Scott Snow Hill, Md 1897
Kritchbaum, Allan Bisbee, Ariz 1890
Kritz, William Blakely Waveland, Ind 1899-p
Krivulka, Charles Jesse Box 117, Pittock, Pa. . 1921
Kuhn, William Caven Bellwood, Pa 1865
Kumler, Francis Marion Degraff, Ohio 1880
Kunkle, John Stewart Lien Chow, via Canton,
China 1905
Laird, Alexander Glassboro, N. J 1891-p
Lane, John C Newburg, N. Y 1896
Lang, John xOmak, Wash : . . . . 1913
37
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Langfitt, Obadiah Thompson . . . .Rushmore, Minn 1882
Lanier, M. B Louisville, Ky 1895
Lashley, Ellsworth E W. E., Pittsburgh, Pa. . 1895
Lathem, Abraham Lance Chester, Pa 1893-p
Laverty, Levi Finley Los Angeles, Cal 1884
Lawther, James Hood Niles, Ohio 1901
Lawther, LeRoy McKeesport, Pa 1917
Lawrence, Ernest Barber Jamestown, Pa 1910
Leclere, George Frederick Eagle Rock, Cal 1875
Leith, Hugh Wilkinsburg, Pa 1902
Leslie, William Hutchman Grenloch, N. J 1898
Lewellyn, Frank Bowman Roselane, Lahore, India. 1917
Lewis, Edward Payson Los Angeles, Cal 1864
Lewis, Leander Miles Detroit, Mich 1882
Lewis, Samuel Theodore Osceola Mills, Pa 1888
Lewis, Thomas Reed Dravosburg, Pa 1882
Lewis, William E White Haven, Pa 1907
Leyenberger, James P Wheeling, W. Va 1893
Leypoldt, Frederic Christian .... Glenwood, N. M 1921
Liggitt, A. W Westminster, Col 189(5
Liles, Edwin Hart Chateau, Okla 1892-p
Lincoln, John Charles 403 Main St.,
Grinnell, Iowa 1902
Lindsay, George D Shellsburg, Iowa 1889-p
Linhart, Samuel Black ^University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1894
Linn, James Patterson Council Bluffs, Iowa . . . 1898-p
Lippincott, Rudolph Peek Cadiz, Ohio 1902
Little, John Wilder Box 274, Madison, Nebr. 1872
Lloyd, Howard Ellsworth Springdale, Pa 1907-p
Long, Bertram James Clymer, Pa 1902
Loughner, Josiah Robert R. F. D. 6,
Washington, Pa 1908
Love, Curry Harden .Clifton, Ariz 1899
Love, Wilbert Blake Sidney, 0 1911
Lowe, Arnold Hilmar Marshall, Mo 1917 p-j;
Lowe, Cornelius M Osawatomie, Kan 1884-p
Lowes, John Livingstone 983 Charles River Rd.,
Cambridge, Mass 189 4
Lowrie, Samuel Thompson St. Davids, Pa 1856
Lowry, Houston Walker Carlsbad, N. Mexico . . . 1881
Lowry, W. S 159 Winslow St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1879-p
Luccock, George Naphtali Wooster, Ohio 1881
Ludwig, Christian Edward 149 Hornaday Road, Mt.
Oliver St., Pgh., Pa. . 1906
Luther, Benjamin D 1506 Sheffield St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1877
Lyle, David Miller West Middlesex, Pa. ... 1898
Lyle, James B Albert Lea, Minn 188 8
Lyle, Ulysses L Fleming, Pa 1891
Lyon, Wilbur H Miraj, S. M. C, India ... 1918
Lyons, John Frederick 826 Belden Ave.
Chicago, 111 1904-p
3 8
>
Alumniana
McBride, John Drennan R. D., Wilkinsburg, Pa. 1905
McCarrell, Thomas Calvin dliddletown, Pa 1880
McCartney, Albert Joseph Greenwood Ave. & 46th
St., Chicago, 111 1903-p
McCartney, Ernest L Cashmere, Wash 1892
McCartney, John Robertson . . . .Waterloo, Iowa 1896
McCaughey, William Henry R. D. 1, Warsaw, Ind. . . 1877
Macaulay, George Samuel Baltimore, Md 1910
Macaulay, Peter Wilson Lisbon, Ohio 1916
McClelland, Charles Samuel ... .310 Grandview Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1880
McClelland, Melzar DeLoss R. D. 19,
Jackson Center, Pa. .. 189 5
McClelland, Raymond Green . . . . T'redericktown, Ohio ... 1881-p
McClure, William Lincoln Vltoona, Pa 1893
McCombs, Harry Wentworth . . . .Port Pierce, Fla 1900
McConkey, Walter Pringle Washington, Pa 1906
McConnell, Ralph I Chiengmai, Siam 1918
McConnell, Samuel D .Sunset Farm, Easton, Md. 1871-p
McConnell, William Grover Green River, Utah 1904
McCormick, Arthur Burd 31 Leroy St.,
Binghampton, N. Y. .. 1897
McCormick, Samuel Black University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1890
McCormick, Thomas Howard . . . -New Geneva, Pa 1917
McCoy, John Norris Pike, N. Y 1897
McCracken, Charles J Frazeysburg, Ohio 1895
McCracken, Charles Raymond . . -Utica, Pa 1888
McCracken, John Calvin Leechburg, Pa 1878
McCracken, John 0. C Altoona, Pa 1897
McCracken, William Henry Balymena, Ireland .... 1915
McCrea, Charles Albert Oakmont, Pa 1897
McCutcheon, Harry Sylvester . . .-La Salle, Col 1897
McDivitt, Michael Myers 240 Jucunda, St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1907
Macdonald, Herbert 0 Enon Valley, Pa 1899
McDonald, James Pressly ....... -New Florence, Pa. ..... 1897
McDowell, Edmund Wilson Bagdad, Mesopotamia . . 1887
McFadden, Hampton Theodore ■ • Franklington, N. C. ... 1921
McFadden, Samuel Willis Peekskill, N. Y 1895
McFarland, Orris Scott New Brighton, Pa 1913
McGarrah, Albert Franklin Suffern, N. Y 1903
McGogney, Albert Zachariah . . . .Le Mars, Iowa 1878
MacHatton, Burtis Russell Great Falls, Mont 1899
Mcllvaine, Edwin Linton Meadville, Pa 1898
Maclnnis, Angus John Leetonia, 0 1910
Mclntyre, G. W Dayton, Pa 1895
Maclver, Murdock John Florence, Pa 1919
Maclver, John William c/o 2nd Pres. Church,
St. Louis, Mo 1905
McKay, Alexander D -Clinton, Wis 1898
Mackey, William Anderson Los Angeles, Cal 1876
McKee, Clement L 144 LeMoyne Ave.,
Washington, Pa 1892
McKee, William Finley 608 W. Main St.,
Monongahela, Pa. ... 1896
39
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
McKee, William Thompson ..... .Sistersville, W. Va 1894
McKibbin, William Walnut Hills,
Cincinnati, 0 1873
McKinney, William H .Smithville, Okla 1868-p
McKinney, William Wilson Elizabeth, Pa 1919
MacLennan, D. George Box 68 8, Lamar, Col. ... 1914
MacLeod, Donald Campbell Central Pres. Church, U. S.,
St. Louis, Mo 1898
McLeod, Donald William East Liverpool, Ohio . . . 1908
MacLeod, Kenneth Edward Dresden, Ohio 1905
MacMillan, Uriah Watson Glenshaw, Pa 1895
McMillan, William Lamont Evans City, Pa 19 04
McMillen, Homer George Hollidays Cove, W. Va. . 1910
McNees, Willis S North Washington, Pa. . 1889-p
MacQuarrie, David Peter Perrysville, Pa 1905
McQuilkin, Harmon Hudson . . . .Orange, N. J 1899-p
Magill, Charles N Lucena, Tayabas, P. I. . 1902-p
Magill, Hezekiah 3314 Ohio Ave.,
St. Louis, Mo 1867
Maharg, Mark Brown 1007 Lexington Ave.,
Zanesville, 0 1914
Malcom, William 955 Hawthorne Ave., Price
Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio . 1895-p
Mark, John H Green Acres, Wash 1901-p
Marks, Samuel Ferree Saltsburg, Pa 1882
Marquis, John Abner 156 Fifth Ave.,
New York, N. Y 1890
Marquis, Rollin Ruthwin Wickliffe, Ohio 1883
Marshall, Daryl Cedric Weirton, W. Va 1917
Marshall, James Trimble 3121 P. St., N. W.,
Washington, D. C 1888-p
Marshall, Thomas C Los Angeles, Cal 1892-p
Marshall, William Ellsworth . . . .East Springfield, N. Y. . 1903-p
Marshman, David McGill 79 Hawthorne Way. San
Jose, Cal 1884
Martin, Joseph Albert 21 Brougham St.,
Edinburgh, Scotland . 1921
Matheson, Malcolm Angus Ashtabula, Ohio 1911
Mayne, James Vanderbilt, Pa 1918
Mayne, Samuel Rincon, N. Mex 1907
Mealy, Anthony Alexander Bridgeville, Pa 188 0
Mealy, John McCaskey Sewicklev, Pa 1867
Mechlin, G. E. K Smith's Perry, Pa 1893
Mechlin, John C Fredericksburg, Ohio . . 1887
Meily, Thomas Ruby st. Marys, Pa 1916
Mellott, William Franklin 9 Arch St.,
S. Cumberland, Md. . 1919
Mendenhall, Harlan George Litchfield, Conn 1874
Mercer, John Moore Murrysville, Pa 1878
Millar, Charles Caven 228 W. Broad St.,
Tamaqua, Pa 1892
Miller, Charles Richard Sioux Falls, S. D 1909
Miller, Frank Dean Bradford, Pa 1903
Miller, George Crawford Box 34, Butler, Pa 1907
Miller, Homer Ketler .Dayton, Ohio 1907
40
Alumniana
Miller, James Erskine Beechvlew, Pittsb'gh, Pa. 19 0 0
Miller, John B. Terre Haute, Ind 1895-p
Miller, John 0 999 Indiana Ave.,
Monaca, Pa 1916
Miller, Jonathan Walker 1109 King Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1883
Miller, Park Hays •. . . .6040 Washington Ave.,
Philadelphia, Pa 1902
Miller, Paul Golden Canonsburg, Pa 1907
Miller, Roy F Cochranton, Pa 1920
Miller, Rufus Philemon Philipsburg, Pa 18 8 8
Mills, Wm. J Zanesville, Ohio 1866-p
Milman, Prank Jonathan Newark, N. J 1899-p
Minamyer, Albert Brown Utica, Neb 1899
Minton, Henry Collin 2312 Bonita St.,
Berkeley, Cal 1882
Miron, Francis Xavier .R.D.3,
New Bethlehem, Pa. . 1872
Mitchell, Eugene Augustus Philadelphia, Pa 1895
Mitchell, Robert Charles St. Paul, Minn 1900-p
Mitchell, William James Hamburg, Iowa 1900-p
Mohr, John Raymond Natrona, Pa 1900
Montgomery, Andrew Jackson, Jr.St. Louis, Mo 1890-p
Montgomery, Donnell Rankin . . .Parnassus, Pa 1900
Montgomery, Frank Stanley . . . .Clarion, Pa 1910
Montgomery, S. T Eagle Rock, Cal 1896-p
Montgomery, Thomas Hill .Nanking, China 1909
Montgomery, Ulysses Lincoln . . .312 So. Washington Ave.
Saginaw, Mich 1897
Moody, Samuel Benton, Pa 19 00
Moore, C. N Zelienople, Pa 1896^
Moore, William Reed R.F.D., Milwaukee, Ore. 1871
Morello, Salvatore 157 Franklin Ave.,
Woodlawn, Pa 1913
Morgan, Earl C Libertyville, 111 1916 p-g
Morrison, Joseph Emil 1318 Kenberma Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa. ..... 1910-p
Morton, David Chisholm . Jackson Center, Pa 1916
Morton, Samuel Mills Taylorville, 111 1867-p
Morton, William Walker St. Clairsville, 0 1875
Moser, Walter Lysander Mars, Pa 1921
Mowry, Eli M Pyeng Yang, Chosen . . . 1909
Mowry, T. G 315 N. Rowley St.,
Mitchell, S. D 1914-p
Nadenicek, Joseph 2670 Taylor St.,
Youngstown, O. ... 1917
Nelson, Emory Alden Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ... 1882-p
Nesbitt, Harry Union, N. J 1894
Nesbitt, Samuel M. F Wooster, 0 1898
Newell, David Ayers Ballston Spa., N. Y. . . 187 1-p
Newell, James M 445 E. Adams St.,
Los Angeles, Cal 1868
Nicholls, James Shane Cincinnati, Ohio 1892
Nicholson, Henry Harrison Rural Valley, Pa 1917
Nizankowsky Alexander Hartford, Conn 19 06
41
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Notestein, William Lee .Huron, S. D 1886
Novak, Frank c/o Bohemian Church,
Baltimore, Md 1903
Nussmann, George S. A Pomeroy, Ohio 1907
Offield, Robert Long St. Clair Ave., Pres. Church,
Columbus, Ohio 1916 p-g
Offutt, Robert Maxwell Indiana, Pa 1899
Oliver, John Milton . . . . Beloit, Kan 1897
Oliver, William Loveridge East Lansing, Mich 1595
Oiler, W. E Chicago, 111 1878
Orr, Samuel Culbertson Buhl, Ida 1902
Orr, William Harvey 2 6 Monitor Ave.,
Ben Avon, Pa 1909
Osborne, Plummer Nathaniel ....16 Welch Ave.,
Bradford, Pa 1907
Palm, William J 2217 Colfax St.,
Minneapolis, Minn. . . 1884-p
Park, Albert Newton, Jr U. S. N., Washington,
D. C 1914
Paroulek, Friedrich 3F.D. Wahoo, Neb. . . . 1909
Parr, Selton Wagner 3323 Lawton St.,
St. Louis, Mo 1895-p
Patrono, Francesco Paolo Follansbee, W. Va 1910-p
Patterson, Elmer Ellsworth West Lafayette, Ohio . . 1896
Patterson, James Given Ardmore, Okla 1868-p
Patterson, James T Newburg, Ind 18 65
Patterson, John Calvin Mountain View, Wyo. . . 1899-p
Patterson, John Fulton Orange, N. J 1882
Paxton, John R New York, N. Y 18 63
Pazar, Nicholas 4 Bowman St., Westmoor,
Kingston, Pa 1912-p
Pears, Thomas Clinton, Jr 6811 McPherson St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1910
Pearson, Thomas Warner Hopedale, Ohio 1893
Peterson, Charles E 1335 Norwood St.,
Chicago, 111 1913
Pfeiffer, Erwin Gordon Box 66, Clarence, Erie
Co., N. Y 1914 p-g
Phelps, Stephen Vancouver, Wash 1862
Phillips, George Ross 12 Watsonia Blvd., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1902
Phipps, Robert Jackson Pocatello, Idaho 1886
Pickens, John Caldwell 1422 Wick Ave.,
Youngstown, Ohio ... 1888
Plumer, John Smith 329 Dalzell Ave.,
Ben Avon, Pa 1884
Plummer, William Franklin . . . .Washington, Pa 1889
Pollock, George W Washington, Pa 1881
Porter, A. R Marietta, Pa 1916-p
Porter, John Craig Keyser, W. Va 1919
Porter, Robert Elbert Mahoningtown, Pa 1896
Porter, Thomas Jackson Rua De Quirino 2 07, Cam-
pinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
. . . 1884-p
Post, Riohard Walter Petchaburee, Siam .... 1902
42
Alumniana
Potter, Henry N Beaver Falls, Pa 18 65
Potter, James Mease Woodsdale, Wheeling,
W. Va 1898
Potts, Thomas Pliny Fort Wayne, Ind 1894
Powell, Amos C . .Elkins, W. Va 1904
Pratt. Owen William Harvard, 111. 1919
Price, Robert Thompson Wooster, Ohio 1864
Pringle, James V .Red Oak, Iowa 1864-p
Proudfit, John Lyle Connellsville, Pa 1898
Prugh, Henry Ira Craig East Brady, Pa 1898
Prugh, Irvin Rice Blue Rapids, Kansas . . 1900-p
Pugh, Robert Eugene 196 Thirteenth Ave.,
Columbus, Ohio 1899
Purnell, Walter Brown Canton, Ohio 1914
Ralston. Joseph Hughes 153 Institute PL,
Chicago, 111 1879
Ramage, Walter G Belle Vernon, Pa 1898
Ramsey, Nathan LeRoy Ludhiana, Punjab, India 1917
Rankin, Benjamin Houston Aurora, Ind 1899
Reagle, William Grant Grove City, Pa 1891
Reasoner, Alfred Henry Irmo, S. C 1914
Reber, William Franklin Findlay, Ohio 1897
Record, James Franklin Pikeville, Ky 1897
Reed, Alvin McClure Greenville, Pa 1876-p
Reed, John Price Uniontown, Pa 1863'
Reed, Robert Rush Iowa City, Iowa 1910
Reed, William Albert Van Buren, Ohio 1900
Reeder. Chas. Vincent Weihsien, China 1915
Reemsnyder, George Oswald .... 5435 Aylesboro Ave.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1919
Reese, Francis Edward New Castle, Pa 1911
Reis, Jacob Anthony, Jr Lolodorf, Kamerun,
W. Africa 1912
Reiter, Murray C R.F.D., Bridgeville, Pa... 1903
Reiter, Uriah David 4259 Delmar Bldg.,
St. Louis, Mo 1908
Ressler, John Isaac Lewis 1911 Beaver St.,
McKeesport, Pa 1884 p-g
Reynolds. William R Minneapolis, Minn 1883-p
Rhodes, Harry A Seoul, Chosen 1906-p
Riale, Franklin Neiman 156 Fifth Ave.,
New York, N. Y 1886
Richards, Thomas Davis Mountain Lake Park,
Md 1888-p
Riddle, Benton Van Everett, Pa 1911-p
Riddle, Henry Alexander, Jr. . . .Greensburg, Pa 1910
Ridgley, Frank H 2011 Maple St.,
Omaha, Neb 1903
Roberts, R. J Homer City, Pa 1894
Robertson, Alexander Waters . . .Box 22, New Cumberland,
W. Va 1883-p
Robinson, Thomas .^Girard, Ohio 1915 p-g
Robison, John Lawrence >Port Royal, Pa 1917
Rodgers, Howard .Harrisburg, Pa 1918
43
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Rodgers, John Adison Broad St. Pres. Church,
Columbus, Ohio 1898
Rodgers Morton McCaslin 718 E. Colfax Ave.,
South Bend, Ind 1903
Roemer, John Lincoln St. Charles, Mo 18 92
Rose, James Gray Mercersburg, Pa 1888
Ross, John Elliott Saharanpur, India 1916
Roudebush, George Shotwell ....Madison Station, Miss .. 1859-p
Rowland, George Peabody 1324 Ridge Ave.,
Coraopolis, Pa 1903
Ruble, Jacob W. Alexander^ Pa 1879
Ruecker, August 1716 Chateau Ave.,
St. Louis, Mo 1915 p-g
Rupp, John Christian Wall, Pa 1921
Russell William Proudfit 72 6 1/2 S. Arch St.,
Connellsville, Pa 1915
Rutherford, Matthew Washington, Pa 1887
Rutter, Lindley Charles Williamsport, Pa 1870-p
Ryall, George MacKinney Saltsburg, Pa 1898
Ryland, Henry H Ellsworth, Pa 18 91
Sangree, William Buffalo, N. Y 1887
Sappie, Paul Waterford, Pa 1915
Satterfield, David Junkin Wooster, Ohio 1873
Sawhill, Elden Olifaunt 5546 Homer St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa. . ..... 1888
Say, David Lester Cross Creek, Pa 1917
Schlotter, Franklin George New Castle, Pa 1901
Schmale, Theodore R 516 Liberty St., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1910
Schultz, Adolph Reeg Mentone, Cal 1900
Schuster, William Henry 412 Fifth St.,
Altoona, Pa 1913
Scott, Dewitt Talmage 1508 L St. Bedford, Ind. 1901
Scott, William A Aneta, N. Dak 1896
Sehlbrede, George E 73 7 E. 6th, St., New York,
N. Y 1896
Seward, Oliver Lee 2239 Burnet Ave.,
Cincinnati, 0 189 7-p
Sewell, Mayson H Marietta, Ohio 1912-p
Sharpe, John C Blair Academy,
Blairstown, N. J 1888-p
Shaw, Edward B Belle Center, Ohio 1913
Shaw, Hugh Sloan Claremont, Cal 1902-p
Shaw, John Angus Follansbee, W. Va 1916
Shea, George Hopkins R. P. D. 4,
Quarry ville, Pa 1914
Sheeley, Homer Bergholz, Ohio 1874 p-g
Sheppard, Albert Samuel Forest Hills, N. Y 1914
Shields, Curtis Edwin Bucyrus, Ohio 1900-p
Shields, James Harvey Asotin, Wash 1872
Shields, Robert Jackson Charleroi, Pa 1910
Shields, Weston F Wallowa, Oregon 1890
Shoemaker, Frederick B Jeannette, Pa 1903
Shriver, William Payne 156 Fifth Ave.,
New York, N. Y 1904-p
44
Alumniana
Shuey, Theodore George N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa. ... 1920-p
Silsley, Frank Mitchell Oakland, Cal 1898
Simmons, Kiddoo Thos. P Grove City, Pa 1892
Sirny, John Monessen, Pa 1912
Skilling, David Miller Webster Groves, Mo. . . . 1891
Slade, William Franklin Manhattan, Kan 1905 p-g
Slemmons, William E Washington, Pa 1887
Sloan, Wilson Hurst Avonmore, Pa 1894
Slonaker, Paul J 1211 Boyle St., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1895
Smith, Alexander Ewing Ida Grove, Iowa 1866
Smith, George B Minneapolis, Minn 1871
Smith, Hugh Alexander Westerville, Ohio 1903
Smith, James Mease Porterville, Cal 1876
Smith, John A. L 325 E. King St.,
York, Pa 1879-p
Smith, Lewis Oliver , . . . .Orchard, Col 1920-p
Smith, Matthew F Indianaopolis, Ind 1911
Smith, Robert Futhey Cardington, Ohio 1887
Smith, Robert Leard 25 McKennan Ave.,
Washington, Pa 1881
Sneberger, Frank Coraopolis, Pa 19 21-p
Snook, Ernest McCune Alexis, 111 1885-p
Snowden, James Henry 723 Ridge Ave., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1878
Snyder, Peter W 7325 Race St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 19 00
Snyder, Wm. J Harrisville, Pa 1907 ,
Spargrove, James Marchand . . . .R. F. D. 1,
Wesleyville, Pa 1894
Spargrove, William Plumer San Jose Apts., E. E.
Pittsburgh, Pa 189 6
Speckman, Timothy Asbury 606 E. Market St.,
Louisville, Ky 1912-p
Speer, J. H San Francisco, Cal 1896-p
Sprague, Paul Steacey Albion, Pa 1920
Springer, Francis Edwin Caldwell, Idaho 1901
Srodes, John Jay Woodsfield. Ohio 1890
Stancliffe, Thomas Alden Seattle, Wash 1900
Steele, John Calvin Vanport, Pa 19 05
Steele, Merrill P R.F.D., New Salem, Pa. 1906
Steffey, Charles Irwin Conneautville, Pa 1915
Steiner, J. G Knoxdale, Pa 1880-p
Steiner, Robert Lisle Teheran, Persia 1919
Sterrett, Charles Clark 5428 Walnut Hill Ave.,
Los Angeles, Cal 1900
Stevenson, Francis Bacon New Salem, N. D 1895
Stevenson, James Van Eman . . . .Bulger, Pa 1889
Stevenson, J. A Santa Ana, Cal 1896
Stevenson, Thomas Edwards Burbank, Cal 1901
Stevenson, William Patton Maryville, Tenn 1885
Stewart, Curtis Robert Rayland, Ohio 1895
Stewart, David Harold Belle Plaine, Kan 1882
Stewart, George Perry New Athens, Ohio 1904
Stewart, Gilbert Wright Wilton, N. D 1907
Stewart, Herbert Walker Pitsanuloke, Siam 1910
45
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Stewart, Samuel Arthur La Porte, Ind 1894
Stewart, William Grove . .507 Hay St.,
Wilkinsburg, Pa 1871
Stiles, Henry Howard 1430-6th Ave.,
Altoona, Pa 1889
Stites, Winfield Scott 92 Elizabeth St.,
Wilkesbarre, Pa 18 73-p
Stockton, John P. P .West Unity, Ohio 1860
Stoops, Philip Dexter Anglemont, B. C, Canada 1881-p
Stophlet, Samuel Williams Canal Fulton, Ohio .... 1882
Strubel, John Wray, Col 1905
Sutherland, Joseph H Punta Gorda, Fla 1890
Suzuki, Sojiro 27 Kita Tanabecho,
Wakayama, Japan . . . 1898-p
Svacha, Frank 513 Wood-ward Ave.,
McKees Rocks, Pa. . . 1902
Swan, Benjamin M North Warren, Pa 1893
Swan, Charles Wylie Nankin, Ohio 1892
Swan, T. W West Pittston, Pa 1887
Swan, William Linville Willoughby, Ohio 1880
Swart, Charles Edwin 72 E. Wheeling St.,
Washington, Pa 1908
Szekely, Alexander Box 96, Brownsville, Pa. 1909-p
Szilagyi, Andrew .Yonkers, N. Y 1911-p
Tait, Edgar R Wilson, Pa 19 02
Tait, Leo Leslie Bessemer, Pa 1915
Taylor, George, Jr 73 0 Hill Ave.,
Wilkinsburg, Pa 1910
Taylor, Zachariah B Balston Spa. N. Y 1883
Thomas, Isaac Newton Lima, Ohio 18 77-p
Thomas, William Price 1334 E. 112th St.,
Cleveland, Ohio 1890
Thompson, David Ryan West Sunbury, Pa 1915
Thompson, John Milton Far Rockaway, L. I.,
New York 1894
Thompson, Thomas Ewing New Bedford, Pa 1903
Thompson, Thomas Newton Tsining Chou, China . . . 1901
Thompson, William 0x1 ey Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 1882
Thomson, John Robert Kinsman, Ohio 1916
Thurston, Ralph Eugene Hazelton, Idaho 1915
Timblin, George Jones R.F.D., Euclid, Pa 1897
Todd, Milton Emmet Bluffton, Ohio 1884-p
Tomasula, John 22 6 Dinwiddle St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa 1920
Torrance, William .Muncie, Ind 1866
Toth, Kalman Rossiter, Pa 1919-p
Townsend, Edwin Byron ,183 Railroad St.,
Ironton, Ohio 1909
Travers, Edward James . Millport, Ohio 1912
Travis, J. M 651 High St.,
Denver, Col 1896
Tron, Bartholomew 366 W. 25th St.,
New York, N. Y 1910
46
Alumniana
Trovato, Joseph Port Russell, Wyo 1919
Turner, Joseph Brown Port Deposit, Md 1881
Uherka, Frank Ambridge, Pa 1908-p
Ulay, Jerome Delbert Afton, Iowa 1906
Van Busklrk, William Riley . . . . Coraopolis, Pa 1914
Van Eman, John William Metuchen, N. J 1874
Van Eman, Robert Clarence . . . .R.F.D. 20,
Brownsville, Pa 1888
Veach, Robert Wells Ridgewood, N. J 1889-p
Verner, Andrew William Concord, N. C 1881
Verner, Oliver Newton McKees Rocks, Pa 1886
Vernon, Fayette Emery Bloomington, 111 18 9 G
Viehe, Albert Edward 242 Hosea Ave. Clifton,
Cincinnati, 0 1908
Vulcheff, Mindo George Ellis Island, N. Y 1886
Wachter, Egon .Trang (Tapteang) South
Siam 1884
Wagner, Henry Norman Pocatello, Ida 1900-p
Wakefield, Charles B .Greenville, Pa 1879
Walker, Alexander F Tarentum, Pa 1884
Wallace, James Buchanan Saline, Mich 1890
Wallace, John Elder Fatehgarh, U. P., India. 1919
Wallace, Oliver Campbell Monticello, Ark 1901
Wallace, Thomas Davis 960 Third Ave.,
Los Angeles, Cal .... 1870
Wallace, William P. O. Box 117 Bis, Mexico
City, D. F., Mexico . . 1887-p
Wallace, William D Linden Heights, Ohio . . 1876
Ware, Samuel Miller 2503 W. Hamilton St.,
Spokane, Wash 1884-p
Warnshuis, Henry William Blairsville, Pa 1876-p
Wash, Morris T Winnsboro, S. C 1895-p
Watson, George Smith Booneville, Ky 1910
Weaver, Joseph Lawrence Rocky Ford, Col 1883
Weaver, Mahlon J Homer, Mich 1912-p
Weaver, Thomas Newton 598-191st. St.,
New York, N. Y 189 0
Weaver, William K Woonsocket, S. D 1890
Weaver, Willis 1904 Ave. L.,
Galveston, Tex 1894
Webb, Henry 171 N. Vine St.,
Westerville, Ohio .... 1890
Wehrenberg, Edward Ludwig . . . R.F.D. 3,
Randleman, N. C 1912
Weidler, Albert G Berea, Ky 1911 p-g
Weir, John Barr Forman Christian College,
Lahore, India 1918
Weir, William F 17 N. State St.,
Chicago, 111 1889
Weisz, Abraham Boyd R.F.D. 4, Dunbar, Pa. .. 1921
Welch, John Rayne Roswell, Ida 1902-p
Welenteichick, Joseph J 3458 Fleming Ave., N. S.,
Pittsburgh, Pa. .... 1921
47
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Wells, Elijah Bradner . ..721 W. 8tli Ave.,
Emporia, Kan 186 9
West, Albert Marshall Chicago, 111 1885
West, Charles Samuel Freeport, Pa 1882
West, Gusty Philip Thomas, Pa 1915
West, James Gaines Equality, 111 1908
Wheeland, Clyde Randolph 4045 N. Keeler Ave.,
Chicago, 111 1917
Wheeler, Franklin Taylor Newville, Pa 1889-p
Whipkey, A. J Charleroi, Pa 1911 p-g
White, DeWitt Des Moines, Iowa 1894-p
White, Harry C Golden, Col 1893-p
White, Samuel Sherman Pilot Rock, Ore 189 9
White, Wilber George Akron, Col 1903
Whitehill, J. B Brookville, Pa 1901-p
Wible, Clarence Burchfield Punxsutawney, Pa 1907
Wiley, A. Lincoln Ratnagiri, India, India . 1899
Wilkins, George Howell Arkport, N. Y 1903-p
Williams, Boyd P Emlenton, Pa 1886
Williams, Charles Gaston Denver, Col 1893
Williams, David Porter East Palestine, Ohio . . 1902
Williams, Frederick Stark Dallas, W. Va 1916
Williams, Hamilton Bertel ,Andover, N. Y 1899
Williams, Robert Lew 407 Church St.,
Elmira, N. Y 1892
Williams, William Asbury Camden, N. J 18 80-p
Wilson, Aaron Rochester, Pa 1870
Wilson, Andrew Bloomfield Hollis, L. I., New York.. 1880
Wilson, Ashley Sumner Union City, Pa 1913
Wilson, Calvin Dill Glendale, Ohio 1879
Wilson, George Porter .Lexington, Ky 1880-p
Wilson, Gill Irwin Parkersburg, W. Va. . .. 1899
Wilson, Gill Robb Trenton, N. J 1920
Wilson, James Marquis Omaha, Neb 1885-p
Wilson, James M .South Bellingham, Wash. 1895
Wilson, John Nesbit 3819 Payne Ave.,
Cleveland, Ohio 1869
Wilson, Joseph Rogers Hemet, Cal 1870
Wilson, Maurice Emery ,3235 Fifth Ave.,
Beaver Palls, Pa 1879
Wilson, Nodie Bryson Brockwayville, Pa 1914
Wilson, Robert Dick Princeton, N. J 1880
Wilson, Thomas (Naches, Wash 1906
Wingerd, Charles Beam .Martins Perry, Ohio ... 1910
Wingert, Rufus Donald Orville, Ohio 1911
Wise, Frederick Orlando Toronto, Ohio 1908
Wisner, Oscar Francis R. P. D., Oakley, Cal. . . 1884-p
Witherspoon, John Willison, Jr. . Mamont, Pa 1909
Wolfe, Arthur Whiting Covoacan, D.P., Mexico 1916
Woods, David Walker, Jr R.P.D. 4, Gettysburg, Pa. 1885-p
Woods, Harry Eldred Wampum, Pa 1912
Woodward, Frank J Cagayan, Misamis, P. I.. 1911-p
Woolf, Mahlon Hart Seville, Ohio 1912
Woollett, Francis Ives Brookville, Pa 1907
Worley, Lewis Austin 709 Lodge Ave.,
Toledo, Ohio 1911
48
Alumniana
Worrall, John Byars Danville, Ind 187b*
Wylie, Leard Reed Dunbar, Pa 1892
Wylie, Samuel Sanderson . ..... R. F. D., Shippensburg,
Pa 1870
Yates, William 0 528 N. Eleventh St.,
Allentown, Pa 1915 p-g
Young, John C Seattle, Wash 1878
Young, Samuel Hall 156 Fifth Ave.,
New York, N. Y 18 78-p
Young, Sylvester Wylie Savannah, Ohio 1893
Zahniser, Charles Reed 1363 Missouri Ave.,
. .Pittsburgh, Pa 1899-p
Zuck, William Johnston 148 Neil Ave.
Columbus, Ohio 1882-p
LIVING ALLMNI BY CLASSES
Class of 1856
Lowrie, Samuel Thompson
Mitchell, Robert
Culbertson, William F.
Class of 185 7
Dannels, Ellis W.
Posey, David R.
Class of 1858
Irwin, John C.
Francis, David
Smith, James P.
Wortabet, G. M.
Class of 1859
Burchfield, W. A.
I
Edgerton, John M.
Hume, Robert
Patterson, James B.
Roudebush, George Shotwell
Walker, William E.
Wood, William S.
Class of 1860
Johnson, William F.
Stockton, John P. P.
King, Courtlen
Lee, Charles H.
Tanner, Benjamin T.
Van Emman, Craig R.
Class of 1861
Barclay, Hugh A.
Conkling, Nathaniel W.
Fisher, George W.
Lambe, Henry B.
Campbell, Samuel L.
Dodd, Cyrus M.
Gray, William S.
Lloyd, William A.
McElhenny, John P.
Class of 1862
Anderson, William Wylie
Day, Alanson Ritner
Dinsmore, John Walker
Gray, James H.
Madden, Samuel W.
Phelps, Stephen
Bakewell, John
Bolar, A. J.
Cooper, Daniel C.
Evans, Daniel Henry
Fox, John P.
Gibson, William N.
Machett, Alexander
Price, William H.
Smith, Joseph H.
Whiten, I. J.
Williams, Richard G.
Class of 1863
Eagleson, William Stewart
Fife, Noah Hallock GUlett
Reed, John Price
Beinhauer, John C.
Geckler, George
Paine, David B.
Patterson, Reuben F.
Warren, William H.
Waters, James Q.
49
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Class of 1864
Belden, Luther Martin
Campbell, Charles M.
Lewis, Edward Payson
Price, Robert Thompson
Campbell, Elgy V.
Dagnault, Pierre S. C.
Davis, David S.
Davis, James S.
Jones, Sugars T.
Kelly, Joseph Clark
Kinkaid, James J.
Peairs, Benjamin F.
Pringle, James V.
Woodbury, Frank P.
Young, A. Z.
Class of 1865
Bridge, D. J.
Davis, William
Kuhn, William Caven
Patterson, James T.
Potter, Henry N.
Ferguson, William Adams
Hill, Charles
Kemerer, Duncan M.
Park, William J.
Class of 1866
Campbell, Richard Morrow
McConnell, Alexander S.
Smith, Alexander Ewing
Torrance, William
Woods, Robert
Campbell, William O.
Jones, Isaac F.
Mills, William J.
Scott, George R. W.
Thompson, Benjamin
Class of 186 7
Beatty, Samuel J.
Harbolt, John H.
Irwin, James Perry
Knight, Hervey B.
Magill, Hezekiah
Mealy, John M.
Moore, John M.
Tappan, David Stanton
Hippard, Samuel M.
McCauley, Clay
Morton, Samuel Mills
Class of 1868
Brown, William F.
Hill, Winfield Euclid
McFarland, George M.
Newell, James M.
Rea, John
Boice, Evan
Jones, Thomas R.
King, Joseph
McKinney, William H.
Patterson, James G.
Richards, John
Thomas, William H.
Class of 1869
Foy, John
Francis, John Junkin
Hamilton, Milton John
Luty, Adolph E.
Lyon, David N.
Paxton, John R.
Wells, Elijah Bradner
Wilson, John Nesbit
Dodd, Reuel
Fisher, Sanford George
McMartin, John A.
Class of 1870
Elliott, Orrin A.
Wallace, Thomas Davis
Wilson, Aaron
Wilson, Joseph Rodgers
Wylie, Samuel Sanderson
Jones, Alfred
Larimore, John K.
Rutter, Lindley Charles
Wycoff, J. L. R.
Youngman, Benjamin C.
Class of 1871
Anderson, Thomas Bingham
Funkhouser, George A.
Kerr, Greer Mcllvain
McNulty. Rob Roy
Moore, William Reed
Smith, George B.
Stewart, William G.
Arney, William James
Brown, Henry J.
Graham, Thomas L.
Landis, Josiah P.
McConnell. Samuel D.
50
Alumniana
Newell, David Ayers
Piper, O. P.
Sampson, John P.
Class of 1872
Asbury, Dudley E.
Donahey, Martin Luther
Gibson, Joseph Thompson
Humphrey, G. H.
Kerr, James Horner
Little, John Wilder
Miron, Francis Xavier
Shields, James Harvey
Welty, P. B.
Workman, A. D.
Leclere, George F.
Morton, William W.
Carter, William J.
Class of 1873
Asbury, Cornelius
Baker, Anthony G.
Carr, William Brainerd
McKibbin, William
Satterfield, David J.
Stites, Winfleld Scott
Class of 1874
Axtell, John Stockton
Harbor, John Park
Bradley, Matthew Henry
Cooke, Silas
Copland, George
Craig, J. B.
De Long, David D.
Hawk, James Harry
Houston, James T.
Howey, R. H.
Hyde, E. Fletcher
Jones, E. R.
McLane, William W.
Mendenhall, Harlan G.
Porter, Robert B.
Van Eman, John W.
Gosweiler, Augustus V.
Kelsey, Joel S.
Weaver, Willis
Class of 1875
Baker, Perrin
Fulton, William Shouse
Graham, John Joseph
Hail, John Baxter
Hazlett, Dillwyn McFadden
Kohr, Thomas Henry
Fairfax, Isaac
Fields, Samuel G. A.
Gourley, John Crawford
Kellogg, Robert O.
March, Alfred
Street, S. T.
Class of 1876
Bruce, Jesse Culley
Duff, Joseph Miller
Graybeill, John H.
Herriott, Calvin Caldwell
Hunter, Stephen A.
Kerr, David Ramsey
McFarland, William H.
Mackey, William A.
Murray, Stockton Reese
Ritchey, James A.
Smith, James Mease
Wallace, William D.
Worrall, John B.
Allen. F. M.
Barr, Frank A.
Birch, John M.
Elliott, Samuel Edward
Hutchins, John C.
Reed, Alvin McClure
Warnshuis, Henry W.
Class of 1877
Allen, Perry S.
Asdale, Wilson
Fulton, Robert H.
Gibson, William F.
Gordon, Seth Reed
Hunter, William H.
Hyde, Wesley Middleton
Luther, Benjamin D.
McCaughey, William H.
Brown, John F.
Brown, William H.
Donaldson, John B.
Hay, Lewis
Nesbit, James H.
Paisley, George M.
Sampson, George C.
Thomas, Isaac N.
Thompson, Theodore
Watt, John C.
51
Tlie B'ldletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Class of 1878
Anderson, Robert Elder
Black, William Henry
Blayney, Charles P.
Clark, Robert L.
Deffenbaugh, George L.
Ferguson, Thomas J.
McCracken, John Calvin
McGogney, Albert Z.
Mercer, John M.
Neese, William D.
Oiler, William E.
Simpson, John W.
Snowden, James H.
Young, Samuel H.
Mealy, Anthony A.
Wilson, Andrew Bloomfield
Wilson, Robert Dick
Brown, Alexander B.
Kerlinger, Charles C.
McLain, W. J. E.
Morris, John T.
Patterson, David H.
Phillis, T. W.
Sawhill, Thomas A.
Wallace, Thomas M.
Young, John C.
Class of 1879
Alexander, Adolphus P.
Boyd, Joseph N.
Buchanan, George Davison
Crawford, Frederick S.
Crouse, Nathaniel P.
De Jesi, L. M.
Ewing, James C. R.
Fleming, James Samuel
McCoy, John Norris
Ralston, Joseph Hughes
Ruble, Jacob
Wakefield, Charles B.
Wilson, Calvin D.
Wilson, Maurice E.
Creighton, Andrew E.
Grant, Henry A.
Irwin, John C.
Lowry, Walter S.
Smith, J. A. Livingstone
Class of 1880
Dickinson, Edwin H.
Eggert, John Edwin
Fulton, John W.
Jolly, Austin Howell
Kumler, Francis M.
McCarrell, Thomas C.
McClelland, Charles S.
Caldwell, Stewart S.
Caldwell, Thomas B.
Calhoun, Joseph P.
Steiner, John G.
Swan, William Linville
Williams, William A.
Wilson, George P.
Class of 1881
Brownson, Marcus A.
Bryan, Arthur V.
Carson, David G.
Eraser, Charles M.
Kerr, John Henry
Lowry, Houston W.
Luccock, George N.
Pollock, George W.
Smith, R. Leard
Turner, Joseph B.
Verner, Andrew W.
Willard, E. S.
Bruce, Charles H.
Carson, Chalmers F.
Lee, George L.
McClelland, Raymond G.
Mateer, William N.
Smith, C. S.
Stoops, Philip D.
Class of 1882
Anderson, Joseph M.
Beall, Marion E.
Buchanan, Aaron M.
Caldwell, William E.
Day, Edgar Willis
Evans, William M.
Greenlee, Thomas B.
Hackett, George S.
Hayes, Watson M.
Helm, John S.
Langfltt, Obadiah T.
Lewis, Leander M.
Lewis, Thomas R.
Marks, Samuel F.
Minton, Henry C.
Patterson, John F.
Stewart, David H.
Stophlet, Samuel W.
Thompson, William O.
West, Charles Samuel
52
Alumniana
Day, William H.
Granger, William R.
Lewis, David
Nelson, Emory A.
Woolf, G. R.
Zuck, William J.
Class of 1883
Bausman, Joseph H.
Bonsall, Adoniram J.
Cooper, John H.
Donaldson, Newton
Donaldson, Wilson E.
Farrand, Fountain R.
Garver, James C.
Hazlett, William J.
Hunter, Robert A.
Marquis, Rollin R.
Miller, Jonathan Walker
Taylor, Zachariah B.
Weaver, Joseph L.
Clark, James B.
Fracker, George H.
McCarthy, William B.
Reynolds, William R.
Robertson, Alexander W.
Thayer, Henry E.
Class of 1884
Allen, David D.
Barr, Lewis W.
Barton, Joseph H.
Boyce, Isaac
Forsyth, Clarence J.
Hays, Calvin C.
Herries, Archibald J.
Laverty, Levi F.
Plumer, John S.
Wachter, Egon
Walker, Alexander F.
Boothe, Willis A.
Cheeseman, Charles P.
Compton, Elias
Edwards, Charles E.
Edwards, Chauncey T.
Hopkins, John T.
Kelly, Newton B.
Lowe, Cornelius M.
Marshman, David M.
Palm, William J.
Patterson, James M.
Peepels, Henry C.
Porter, Thomas J.
Todd, Milton E.
Ware, Samuel M.
Winger, C. N.
Wisner, Oscar F.
Class of 18 85
Banker, Willis G.
Boggs, John M.
Earsman, Hugh P.
Ely, Robert W.
Ferguson, Henry C.
■ Freeman, John W.
Gregg, Andrew J.
Hays, George S.
Hunter, Alexander S.
Stevenson, William P.
West, Albert M.
Coan, Frederick G.
Grosser, John R.
Elliott, John W.
Kuhn, Louis J. '
Morris, Jeremiah M.
Shepard, Simon P.
Snook, Ernest M.
Walker, Edward F.
Wilson, James M.
Woods, David W., Jr.
Class of 1886
Aller, Absalom Toner
Anderson, J. Philander
Boston, Samuel L.
Breckenridge, Walter Lowrie
Donehoo, George Patterson
Fish, Frank
Gray, Thomas Jefferson
Hays, William McClement
Johnson, Hubert Rex
Notestein, William Lee
Phipps, Robert Jackson
Riale, Franklin Neiman
Verner, Oliver Newton
Vulcheff, Mindo George
Williams, Boyd F.
McAyeal, Howard S.
Class of 1887
Ambrose, John C.
Boone, William Judson
Campbell, Howard Newton
Collier, Francis Marion
Eakin, John Anderson
Herron, Charles
Irvine, James Elliott
Johnston, Edgar Francis
58
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Junkin, Clarence Mateer
McDowell, Edmund Wilson
Mechlin, John Caruthers
Rutherford, Matthew
Sangree, William
Slemmons, William E.
Smith, Robert Futhey
Swan, T. W.
Stiles, Henry Howard
Weir, William F.
Benham, DeWitt Miles
Bente, Christopher H.
Hubbell, Earle B.
Jenkins, George W. W.
Johnson, C. O.
Miller, John Hoffman
Sinclair, B. D.
Wallace, William
Class of 18 88
Cotton, Jesse Lee
Dunlap, John Barr
Elterich, William Otto
Gilson, Harry O.
Harrop, Ben
Hunter, Joseph Lawrence
Kerns, Francis A.
Lewis, Samuel Theodore
Lyle, James B.
McCracken, Charles Raymond
Miller, Rufus Philemon
Pickens, John Caldwell
Rose, James Gray
Sawhill, Elden Olifaunt
Van Eman, Robert Clarence
Vaughn, Bert C.
Boyle, William
Donaldson, Robert McMorran
Donehoo, James D.
Fredericks, William J.
Gordon, Edwin W.
Marshall, James Trimble
Richards, Thomas Davis
Sharpe, John C.
Walden, Antony E.
Class of 1889
Bell, L. Carmon
Bowman, Edwin M.
Brownlee, Edmund Stanley
Davis, John Proctor
Jones, William Addison
Kane, Hugh
Kennedy, Samuel James
Plummer, William Franklin
Stevenson, James Van Eman
Countermine, James Langdon
Fulton, George W.
Holliday, Thomas E.
Kinter, William Alexander
Lindsay, George D.
■ McNees, Willis S.
Wheeler, Franklin Taylor
Class of 1890
Allen, Cyrus Glenn
Clark, Charles Avery
Cooper, Hugh Albert
Haymaker, Edward Graham
Hays,. Frank Winfield
Kirchbaum, Allan
McCormick, Samuel Black
Marquis, John Abner
Shields, Weston F.
Srodes, John Jay
Sutherland, Joseph H
Thomas, William Price
Wallace, James Buchanan
Weaver, Thomas Newton
Weaver, William K.
Webb, Henry
Campbell, Henry Martyn
Criner, Alvin M.
Garvin, James Ellsworth
Haworth, James
Koehne, John Betts
Montgomery, Andrew Jackson, Jr
Munden, J. N.
Norris, John H.
Smith, Charles L.
Class of 1891
Armstrong, James Newton
Baker, James Robinson.
Bradshaw, Charles Lincoln
Collins, Alden Delmont
Crawford, John Allen
Drake, J. E.
Fisher, William James
Furbay, Harvey Graeme
Groves, Samuel B.
Hall, Francis Milton
Hill, James Barnett G.
King, Basil Robert
Lyle, Ulysses L.
Reagle, William Grant
Ryland, Henry H.
Skilling, David Miller
54
Alumniana
Craighead, D. E.
Inglis, Robert Scott
Knox, J. McClure
Laird, Alexander
Miller, William W.
Stephens, Herbert T
Wightman, J. R.
Williams, Charles Barnes
Class of 1892
Allen, William Elliott
Bowman, Winfield Scott
Chalfant, Charles Latta
Cunningham, James Alexander
Edmundson, George R.
GifRn, James Edwin
Kennedy, Pinley F.
Kirkbridde, James F.
Kirkbride, Sherman Asher
McCartney, Ernest L.
McKee, Clement L.
Millar, Charles Caven
Nicholls, James Shane
Roemer, John Lincoln
Simmons, Kiddoo Thomas P.
Swan, Charles Wylie
Williams, Robert Lew
Wylie, Leard Reed
Pearson, Thomas Warner
Swan, Benjamin M.
Williams, Charles Gaston
Young, Sylvester Wylie
Clark, Walter B.
Dickerson, J. O.
Hamilton, James
Jones, William M.
Liles, Edwin Hart
McGrew, James
Marshall, Thomas Chalmers
Rodebaugh, William H.
Watson, James H.
Class of 1898
Alter, Robert L. M.
Aukerman, Elmer
Dible, James C.
Ewing, Joseph Lyons
Gibb, John D.
Grubbs, Henry Alexander
Hayes, Andrew Williamson
Hazlett, Calvin Glenn
Hollister, William Parker
Houston, William
Humbert, J. I.
Hummel, Henry Bradford
Kelly, Aaron Alfred
Leyenberger, James P.
McClure, William Lincoln
Mechlin, George Ernest K.
Bell, W. J.
Cozad, W. K.
Graham, Ralph Laurie E.
Hamilton, Joseph
Hitchings, Brooks
Latham, Abraham Lance
Shields, Harry M.
White, Harry C.
Class of 1894
Auraham, Yonan Y.
Austin, Charles Anderson
Caldwell, David
Campbell, Howard
Culley, Edward Armor '
Getty, Robert Francis
Gregg, Oscar Job
Hine, Thomas William
Hoon, Clarke David A.
Hutchison, J. E.
Irwin, J. P.
Jennings, William Mason
Koonce, M. Egbert
Linhart, Samuel Black
Lowes, John Livingston
McKee, William Thompson
Nesbitt, Harry
Potts, Thomas Pliny
Roberts, R. J.
Sloan, Wilson Hurst
Spargrove, James Marchand
Stewart, Samuel Arthur
Thompson, John Milton
Bettex, Paul P. G.
Cole, William D.
Griffiths, William
Howard, W. E.
Inglis, John
Smith, Wayne P.
Varner, W. P.
White, DeWitt
White, Prescott C.
Class of 1895
Aukerman, Robert Campbell
Brownlee, Daniel
Craig, Joseph A. A.
Dunbar, Joseph Wallace
Eldredge, Clayton W.
Farmer, William Robertson
55
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Gantt, Allen Gilbert
Greves, Ulysses Sherman
Hackett, John Thomas
Harter, Otis
Hepler, David Ewing
Howell, Otis
Johnston, William Caldwell
Lanier, Marshall Bell
Lashley, Ellsworth E.
McClelland, Melzar DeLoss
McCracken, Charles J.
McFadden, Samuel Willis
Mclntyre, G. W.
MacMillan, Uriah Watson
Mitchell, Eugene Augustus
Oliver, William Loveridge
Slonaker, Paul .1.
Stevenson, Francis Bacon
Stewart, Curtis Robert
Wilson, James M.
Barr, Alfred H.
Biddle, Richard Long
Blair, Thomas S.
Bullard, P. L.
Caliman, D. F.
Kennedy, John
Malcom, William Divid
Miller, John B.
Parr, Selton Wagner
Wash, Morris T.
Wilkinson, A. P.
Class of 1896
Atkinson, William A.
Bartz, Ulysses S.
Bascomb, Lawton Bristow
Bedickian, Shadrach V.
Brown, William Albert
Burns, George Garrell
Chisholm, Harry Talmadge
Cotton, James Sumner
Davis, McLain White
Elder, Silas Coe
Fisher, Grant Eugene
Gordon, Percy Hartle
Greene, David A.
Kelly, Jonathan Glutton
Kelso, James Anderson
Lane, John C.
Liggitt, A. W.
McKee, William Finley
Moore, C. N.
Patterson, Elmer Ellsworth
Porter, Robert Elbert
Scott, William A.
Sehlbrede, G. E. (B.D. 1913)
Spargrove, William Plumer
Stevenson, J. A.
Travis, J. M.
Vernon, Fayette Emery
Zoll, Joseph
Allison, Frank R.
' Brokaw, Harvey
Diven, Robert Joseph
Macartney, John Robertson
Montgomery, S. T.
Speer, J. H.
Class of 18 9 7
Barr, Robert L.
Bemies, Charles O.
Benton, Dwight, Jr.
Calder, Robert Scott
Cherry, Cummings W.
Donehoo, George M.
Elder, James F.
Ewing, Harry D.
Foote, Samuel E.
Fulton, John E.
Kerr, Hugh T.
Kreger, Winfield Scott
McCormick, Arthur B.
McCracken, John O. C.
McCrea, Charles A.
McCutcheon, Harry Sylvester
McDonald, James P.
Matson, Walter T.
Montgomery, Ulysses L.
Oliver, John M.
Reber, William F.
Record, James F.
Timblin, George J.
Wilson, Walter L.
Brockway, Julius W.
Brown, Nathan L.
Chisholm, James D.
Frederick, P. W. H.
Guichard, George L.
Seward, Oliver L.
Yates, Thomas R.
Young, Alexander B.
Class of 18 9 8
Atwell, George P.
Brown, Franklin F.
Campbell, Wilbur M.
Cheeseman, Joseph F.
Cozad, Frank A.
Ea^leson, Walter F.
56
Alumniana
Fitch, Robert F.
Fulton, John T.
Hezlep, Herbert
Hosack, Hermann M.
Hubbard, Arthur B.
Hutchison, William J.
Leslie, William H.
Lyle, David M.
Mcllvaine, Edwin L-
McKay, Alexander D.
MacLeod, Donald C.
Nesbitt, Samuel M. F.
Potter, James M.
Proudfit, John L.
Prugh, Harry I. C.
Ramage, Walter G.
Rodgers, John A.
Ryall, George M.
Schleifer, Oscar
Silsley, Frank M.
Williams, Hamilton Bertel
Williams, John I.
Wilson, Gill Irvin
Brown, Charles H.
Fulton, Silas A.
Gilmore, John I.
Jackson, Thomas C.
Kerr, Charles W.
Linn, James P.
Magee, Samuel G.
Myers, Percy L.
Rankin, T. C.
Sharp, Samuel F.
Suzuki, Sojiro
Vogan, Frank H.
White, Daniel C.
Wishard, Frederick G.
Class of 1899
Bell, Charles
Cobb, William A.
Daubenspeck, Richard P.
Fiscus, Newell S.
Giboney, Ezra P.
Hodil, Edward A.
Humphrey, James D.
Kelso, James B.
Kerr, George G.
Kerr, Harry F.
Love, Curry H.
Macdonald, Herbert O.
MacHatton, Burtis R.
Minamyer, Albert B.
Offutt, Robert M.
Pugh, Robert E.
Rankin, Benjamin H.
White, Samuel S.
Wiley, A. Lincoln
Anderson, Clarence O.
Cunningham, Harry C.
Fields, Joseph C.
Gay, Thomas B.
Griffiths, S. W.
Kittell, James S.
■ Kritz, William B.
McQuilkin, Harmon H.
Milman, Frank J.
Patterson, John C.
Rodgers, Joseph H.
Sterrett, Walter B.
Veach, Robert W.
Waite, James
Wells, Earl B.
Wilson, Charles R.
Zahniser, Charles R.
Class of 1900
Allen, Robert H.
Barrett, William L.
Beatty, Charles S.
Brice, James B.
Brooks, Earle A.
Carmichael, George
Crawford, Oliver C.
Haines, Alfred H.
Kilgore, Harry W.
McCombs, Harry W.
Miller, James E.
Mohr, John R.
Montgomery, Donnell R.
Moody, Samuel
Reed, William A.
Schultz, Adolph R.
Snyder, Peter W.
Stancliffe, Thomas A.
Sterrett, Charles C.
Coad, H. W.
Depue, James H.
Foreman, Chauncey A.
Garvin, Charles E.
Leroy, Albert E.
Mitchell, Robert C.
Mitchell, William J.
Prugh, Irvin R.
Schneider, William P.
Shields, Curtis E.
Wagner, Henry N.
57
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Class of 1901
Bierkemper, Charles H.
Boice, Robert A.
Bush, Merchant S.
Graham, David S.
Irwin, Charles F.
Lawther, J. H. (B.D. 1911)
Marks, Harvey B.
Schlotter, Franklin G.
Scott, DeWitt Talmage
Springer, Francis E.
Stevenson, Thomas E.
Thompson, Thomas N.
Wallace, Oliver C.
Armstrong, Harry P.
McKelvey, Charles M.
Mark, John H.
Steele, Alexander
Tipper, William
Whitehill, John B.
Class of 1902
Allison, Alexander B.
Bailey, Harry A.
Brown, Samuel T.
Pilipi, Bohdan A.
Gettman, Albert H.
Griffith, Howard L.
Hanna, Hugh W.
Holmes, William J.
Leith, Hugh
Lincoln, John C.
Lippincott, Rudolph P.
Long, Bertram J.
Miller, Park H.
Orr, Samuel C.
Phillips, George R.
Post, Richard W.
Svacha, Frank
Tait, Edgar R.
Wallace, Scott I.
Williams, David P.
Crowe, F. W. (B.D. 1911)
Fast. Joseph W. G.
Magill, Charles N.
Shaw, Hugh S.
Welch, John R.
Class of 1903
Bittinger, Ardo Preston
Byers, Edward W.
Fisher, George C.
Fleming, W. F. (B.D. 1915)
Fowler, Owen S.
Hamilton, C. H.(B.D. 1911)
Kromer, E. G.
McGarrah, Albert F.
Miller, Frank D.
Novak, Frank
Rail, Emil
Reiter, Murray C.
Ridgley, F. H. (B.D. 1912)
Rodgers, M. M. (B.D. 1910)
Rowland, George Peabody
Shoemaker, Frederick B.
Smith, Hugh A.
Thompson, T. E.(B.D. 1910)
White, Wilber G.
Askew, Tony J.
Brown, George W.
David, William 0.
Hicks, Thomas G
Lowe, Titus
McCartney, Albert J.
Marshall, William E.
Sarver, Jonathan E.
Stevenson, James F.
Wilkins, George H.
Class of 1904
Bucher, Victor
Culley, David E.
Gaehr, Theophilus J-
Kaufman, Harry E.
Keener, A. I. (B.D., 1911)
Kelso, John B.
Keusseff, Theodore M
McConnell, William G.
McMillan, William L.
Powell, Amos C.
Stewart, G. P. (B.D., 1910)
Campbell, Harry M.
Kelly, Dwight Spalding
Lyons, John F.
Shriver, William P.
Class of 1905
Backora, Vaclav Paul
Bowden, George S.
Crawford, Frank W.
Douglass, Elmer H.
Espey, John M.
Evans, Walter E.
Knepshield, Edward J.
Kunkle, John S.
McBride, John D.
58
Alumniana
Maclvor, John W.
MacLeod, Kenneth E.
MacQuarrie, David P.
Steele, John C.
Strubel, John C.
Evans, Frederick W.
Goehring, Joseph S.
Lytle, Marshall B.
Class of 1906
Cooper, Howard C.
Craig, William R.
Duffield, T. Ewing
Heany, Brainerd P.
Hochman, Stanislav B.
Ludwig, Christian E.
McConkey, Walter P.
Nizankowsky, Alexander (c)
Steele, Merrill P. (B.D. 1911)
Wilson, Thomas
Bovard, Charles E.
Rhodes, Harry A.
Ulay, Jerome D.
Class of 1907
Blacker, Samuel
Christie, John W.
Christoff, Athanasious T.
Dinsmore, W. W. (B.D. 1912)
Ferver, William C.
Eraser, Charles D.
Houk, Clarence E.
Huey, James W.
Johnston, David H. (c)
Kaufman, George W.
Lewis, William E.
McDivitt, M. M. (B.D. 1912)
Mayne, Samuel
Miller, George C. (c)
Miller, Homer K.
Miller, Paul G.
Osborne, Plummer N.
Schodle, Adam G.
Snyder, William J.
Stewart, Gilbert W.
Wible, Clarence B.
Wollett, Francis I.
Kardos, Joseph
Lloyd, Howard E.
Class of 1908
Amstutz, Platte T.
Aten, Sidney Henry
Baker, Henry Vernon
Bingham, William S.
Bleck, Erich A.
Dent, Frederick R.
Gaut, Robert L.
Harvey, Plummer R.
Hefner, Elbert
Houston, Robert L.
Junek, Prank
Loughner, J. R. (B.D. 1909)
McLeod, Donald W.
Reiter, Uriah D.
Swart, Charles E.
Viehe, Albert E.
West, James G.
Wise, Frederick O.
Anderson, John T.
Byczynski, Sigmundus A.
Puky de Bizak, Stephen
Streeter, E. E.
Uherka, Frank
Class of 1909
(c)
Clark, Chester A.
Good, Albert L
Hail, Arthur L.
Halenda Dimitry (B.D. 1910)
Hoover, William H.
Hutchinson, Harry C.
Miller, Charles R.
Montgomery, Thomas H.
Mowry, Eli M.
Orr, William H. (B.D. 1916)
Paroulek, Priedrich (c)
Townsend, Edwin B.
Witherspoon, John W. Jr.
Szekely, Alexander
Class of 1910
Bergen, Stanley V.
Byers, William F.
Conley, Bertram H.
Graham, Franklin P.
Gross, Oresta C.
Kelso, A. P. Jr., (B.D. 1910)
Lawrence, Ernest B.
Macaulay, George S.
Maclnnis, Angus J. (B.D. 1910)
McMillen, Homer G.
Montgomery, Prank S.
Patrono, Francesco P. (c)
Pears, T. C. Jr., (B.D. 1910)
Reed, Robert R.
Riddle, Henry Alexander, Jr.
Schmale, Theodore R.
Shields, Robert J.
Stewart, Herbert W.
Taylor, G. Jr. (B.D. 1910)
59
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Tron, B. (B.D. 1911)
Watson, George S.
Almassy, Lajos
Cran, John N.
Kucera, Jaroslav
Kuziw, Wasil
Moricz, B. D.
Morrison, Joseph E.
Sautuccio, Agatino
Class of 1911
Cribbs, Charles C.
Felmeth, W. G. (B.D. 1912)
Geddes, Henry
Glunt, George L. (c)
Guttery, Arthur M.
Hezlep, William H.
Howe, John L.
Keirn, Reuel E.
Love, Wilbert B.
Matheson, M. A. (B.D. 1912)
Reese, Francis E.
Riddle, Benton V. (c)
Smith, M. F. (B.D. 1911)
Wingert, Rufus D.
Woodward, Frank J. (c)
Worley, Lewis A.
Barr, Floyd W.
Beseda, Henry E.
Howell, H. G.
Jack, James P.
Kmeczik, George
Pender, Thomas M.
Szilagyi, Andrew
Vecsey, Eugene
Weber, Pierre
Class of 1912
Arthur, James H.
Bergen, Harry H.
Burtt, Percy E.
Halenda, Theodore
Hornicek, Francis
Hughes, James Charles
Hunter, James Norman
Reis, Jacob A., Jr.
Sirny, John A. (B.D. 1913)
Travers, E. J. (B.D. 1913)
Wehrenberg, E. L. (B.D. 1912)
Woods, Harry E.
Woolf, Mahlon H.
Gross, John H.
King, H. W.
Pazar, Nicholaus
Sewell, Mayson H.
Speckman, Timothy A.
Vocaturo, Pasquale
Weaver, Mahlon J.
Wilson, H. Luther
Class of 1913
Baumgartel, Howard J.
Cochran, Charles W.
Connell, John
Eakin, Frank (B.D. 1915)
Eakin, Paul Anderson
Frantz, G. A. (B.D. 1915)
Highberger, William Waltz
Johnston, Samuel L.
Kiskaddon, Roy McKee
Lang, John
McFarland, Orris Scott
Morello, Salvatore
Peterson, Charles E.
Schuster, W. H. (B.D. 1914)
Shaw, Edward B.
Swarts, A. A. (B.D. 1916)
Wilson, Ashley Sumner
Findlay, Harry J.
Bransby, Charles Carson
Jamieson, Roy W.
Simpson, James Thomas
Yoo, Charles
Class of 1914
Cornelius, Maxwell
Crapper, Wm. Horatio (c)
Donaldson, Dwight M.
Duff, George Morgan
Fraser, James Alexander D.
Eraser, James Wallace
Guthrie, George Wesley (c)
Hensel, Leroy Cleveland
Howe, Edwin Carl
Kish, Julius
MacLennan, D. George
Maharg, Mark Brown
Park, Albert Newton, Jr.
Purnell, Walter Brown
Reasoner, Alfred Henry (c)
Shea, George Hopkins
Sheppard. Albert Samuel
VanBuskirk, William Riley
Willard, Hess Ferral
Wilson, Nodie Bryson
Boyd, R. Earle
60
Alumniana
Brenneman, Geo. Emmor
Ernst, John L.
Fohner, George C.
Mowry, Thomas G.
Worthman, Diediich
Class of 1915
Alter, Gray (c)
Cowleson, William Reid (c)
Harriman, Walter Payne
Kiskaddon, Jesse Fulton
Kovacs, Andrew (c)
McCracken, W. H.(B.D. 1915)
Reeder, C V. (B.D. 1915)
Russell, William P.
Sappie, Paul (c)
Steffev, Charles Irwin
Tait, Leo. L. (B.D. 1917)
Thompson, David Ryan (c)
Thurston, Ralph Eugene
West, Gusty Philip
Ambrosimoff, Paul Wasile
Biddle, Earle Henry
Binkley, Stanford Burney
Cable, John Henry
Elliott, Paul H.
Palck, Charles M.
Imhoff, Thomas Burton
Litten, Ross Burns
Class of 1916
Barnes, William Clyde
Bingham, John Greer
Cheeseman, George H.
Doerr, J. Alfred
Fisher, James Mclntyre
French, Arthur Edward (c)
Gilbert, Ralph V.
Good, Edward Clair
King, John Allison
Macaulay, Peter Wilson
Meily, Thomas Ruby
Miller, John Owen
Morton, David Chisholm
Ross, John Elliott
Shaw, John Angus
Strub, Henry M.
Thomson, John Robert
Williams, F. S. (B.D. 1917)
Wolfe, Arthur Whiting
Porter, Arthur Reno
Schultz, Irvin Sturger
Storer, Happer Beacom
Class of 1917
Bartholomew, Archie Randal
Betts, John Melson
Boston, John Keifer
Conrad, Ross Elmer
Crawford, Glenn Martin
Crummy, H. Russell
DeMarco, Michele Francesco
Dodds, Joseph LeRoy
Gibson, Alexander (c)
Hickman, Alvyn Ross
Lawther, LeRoy (B.D. 1917)
Lewellyn, Prank Bowman
McCormick, Thos. Howard (c)
Marshall, Daryl Cedric
Nadenicek, Joseph
Nicholson, Henry Harrison
Ramsey, Nathan LeRoy
Robison, John Lawrence
Say, David Lester
Wheeland, C. R. (B.D. 1917)
Axtell, Robert Stockton
Grant, James Alexander
Gray, D. Vincent
Kaczmarsky, Roman
Patterson, Charles David
Payne, Henry P.
Class of 1918
Bisbee, Geo. A. (B.D. 1918)
Bisceglia, Giovanni Battista
Blosser, Marion Elmer
Brandner, Edward Lewis
Davidson, Harrison
Gahagen, Clair Boyd
Gearhart, Harry Alonzo
Griffith, Ole Curtis
Hofmeister, Ralph C.
Husak, Alois (B.D. 1919)
Lyon, Wilbur H.
McConnell, Ralph I.
Mackenzie, D. (B.D. 1919)
Mayne, James (B.D. 1918)
Rodgers, Howard
Weir, John Barr
Adams, James, Jr.
Baillie, Alexander Stuart
Conn, Lloyd Herbert
Newell, Harry Nelson
Beal, Joseph Ephraim
Dobias, Joseph
Garner, Joseph
Haden, George Richard
McKenzie, Ralph Waldo
fil
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Sabacky, Vladimir
Soucek, Frank
Class of 1919
Clark, J. Calvitt
Clawson, Harry Blaine
Daniel, David Earl (c)
Eagleson, Hodge Mcllvaine
Hendrix, Everett J.
Irwin, D. A. (B.D. 1920)
Kidder, Jonathan Edward
Kirkpatrick, J. Max (c)
Maclver, Murdock John (c)
McKinney, William Wilson
Mellott, William Franklin
Porter, John Craig
Pratt, Owen William
Reemsnyder, Geo. Oswald (c)
Steiner, Robert Lisle
Trovato, Joseph
Wallace, John Elder
Hrbata, Leopold
Little, Robert Henry
Luccock, Emory Wylie
McConnell, Harry W.
Shauer, Joseph John
Stanley, Walter Payne
Toth, Kalman
Class of 1920
Alter, Samuel Neale
Bardarik, Geo. (B.D. 1920)
Martin, Joseph Albert
Miller, Roy Frank
Sprague, Paul Steacey
Tomasula, John (B.D. 1921)
Wilson, Gill Robb
Lee Harold
McSherry, Hubert Luther
Moore, John Ely
Richmond Charles Francis
Shuey, Theodore George
Smith, Lewis Oliver
Stulc, Joseph
Swan, Alfred Wilson
Thomas, Coovirt R.
Class of 1921
Bamford, G. K. (B;D. 1921)
Buczak, Leon (c)
Henry, Robert Harvey
Hudock, Andrew Jay
Krivulka, Charles Jesse
Leypoldt, Frederic Christian
McFadden, Hampton T.
Moser, W. L. (B.D. 1921)
Rupp, John Christian
Weisz, Abraham Boyd
Welenteichick, Joseph J.
Bibby, John Kurtz
Sneberger, Frank
Walrond, Maurice Elrington
White, Charles G.
62
Alumniana
POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS
1856 — Graham, Grafton H.
Hamer, J. P.
1857 — Kier, William
1873 — Pierce, David A.
1874 — Sheeley, Homer
1884 — Ressler, John I. L.
1888 — Staneff, Demetrius
1893-^Currie, J. T. R.
Sanders, Frank P.
1898 — Duncan, John S.
1899 — Gelvin, Edward H.
Haupt, H.
1900 — Crowe, Alvin N.
1905 — Denise, Larimcre C.
Slade, William F.
1907 — Kienl'e, Gustav A.
Loos, Carl
Nussmann, George S.
1908 — Peterson, Conrad A.
1909 — Elliott, Arthur M.
King, Felix Z.
1910 — McMillan, John
Quick, Errett B.
Wingerd, Charles B.
1911 — Weidler, Albert G.
Whipkey, A. J.
Winn, W. G.
1912 — McGiffin, Russell B.
Pierce, W. E.
1913— Hogg, W. E.
1914 — Allen, Louis C.
Nordlander, Eric J.
Pfeiffer, Erw?n G.
1915 — Ansberg, John H.
Browne, Harry R.
Heltman, Andrew F.
Robinson, Thomas
Ruecker, August
Stewart, Joseph
Yates, William 0.
1916 — Ackman John B.
Morgan, Earl C.
Offield, Robert L.
1917 — Keller, Argyle C.
Lowe, Arnold H.
1918 — Simpson, Samuel T.
Vancura, Vaclav F.
Wright, John V.
1921 — D'Aliberti, Alfred
George, Arthur H.
Hamilton, James A.
STUDENTS WHOSE ADDRESSES ARE UNKNOWN
Adams, James 1916-p
Allen, F. M 1876-p
Allison, Frank R 1896-p
Almassy, Lajos 1910-p
Ambrosimoff, Paul W. ..1915-p
Ansberg, J. H 1915 p-
Armstrong, James New-
ton 1891
Asbury, Cornelius 1873
Asbury, Dudley E 1872
Askew, Tony J 1903-p
Auraham, Yonan Y 1894
Baillie, Alexander S. . ..1916-p
Baker, Anthony G 1873
Bakewell, John 1862-p
Barclay, Hugh A 1861
Barr, Frank Alva 1876-p
Barr, Lewis William . . . .1884
Bascomb, Lawton B. ...1896
Beal, Joseph E 1918-p
Beall, Marion E 1882
Beinhauer, John C 1863-p
Bell, W. J 1893-p
Bente, Christopher H. ...1887-p
Benton, Dwight, Jr 1897-p
Bettex, Paul F. G 1894-p
Bibby, John K 1921-p
Biddle, Earle Henry . . . .1915-p
Binkley, Stanford B. ...1915-p
Birch, John M 1876-p
Blair, Thomas S 1895-p
Boice, Evan 1869-p
Boice, Robert A 1901
Bolar, A. J 1862-p
Boyd, R. Earle 1934-p
Brenneman, George
Emmor 1914-p
Bridge, D. G 1865-p
Brown, C. H 1898-p
Brown, Henry J 1871-p
Brown, John F 1877-p
Brown, Nathan L 1897-p
Brown, William H 1877-p
Buchanan, George D. ...1879
63
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Bullard, F. L. Jr., ...... 1895-p
Burchfield, W. A 185 9
Byczynski, Sigmundus
A 1908-p
Caldwell, Stewart S 18 80-p
Caldwell, Thomas B. ...1880-p
Caliman, D. F 1895-p
Campbell, Samuel L 1861-p
Carter, William J 1872-p
Chisholm, Harry T 1896
Chisholm, James D 1,897-p
Clark, Walter B 1892-p
Coad, H. W 1900-p
Collier, Francis M 1887
Conn, Lloyd H 1916-p
Converse, Rob Roy 187 1-p
Cooper, Daniel C 1862-p
Copland, George 1874
Countermine, James L. .1889-p
Craig, J. E 1874
Cran, John N 1910-p
Crawford, Frank W 1905
Creighton, Andrew 1879-p
Criner, Alvin M 1890-p
Culbertson, William F. .18 5 6-p
Currie, J. T. R 1893-p
Dagnault, Pierre S. C. ..1864-p
Dannels, Ellis W 185 7-p
Davis, David S 18 64-p
Davis, James S 1864-p
Davis, John P 1889
Davis, William . 1865
DeJesi, L. M 1879
DeLong, David D 187 4
DeMarco, Michele Fran-
cesco 1917
Depue, James H 1900-p
Dickerson, J. 0 189 2-p
Dobias, Joseph 1918-p
Dodd, Cyrus M 1861-p
Dodd, Reuel 18 69-p
Donehoo, James D 1888-p
Edgerton, John M 1859-p
Evans, Walter E 1905
Fairfax, Isaac 18 75-p
Falck, Charles M 1915-p
Fields, Samuel G. A. ...1875-p
Forsyth, Clarence J 1884
Foy, John 1869
Francis, David 18 58-p
Fredericks, William J. . .18 8S-p
Freeman, John W 1885
Garner, Joseph 1918-p
Gay, Thomas B 189 9-p
Geckler, George ..1863-p
Gibson, William N 1862-p
Gilmore, John I. . , 18 9 8
Gordon, Edwin W. ..... 1888-p
Gosweiler, Augustus Van
Hoof 1874-p
Graham, Grafton H 18o6-p
Graham, Ralph L. E 1893-p
Graham, Thomas L 1871-p
Granger, William R 18 8 2-p
Grant, Henry A 1879-p
Grant, James A 1879-p
Gray, D. V 1917-p
Gray, James H 18 62
Gray, William S 18 61-p
Griffiths, S. W 1899-p
Griffiths, William 18 94-p
Groves, Samuel B. ......1891
Haden, George R 1918-p
Hamer, J. P 185 6-p
Harbolt, John H 186 7
Haupt, H 18 99-p
Haworth, James 18 90-p
Hay, Lewis 1877-p
Hicks, Thomas George ..19Uo-p
Hill, Charles 1865-p
Heppard, Samuel M 1867-p
Highberger, Wm. W 1913
Hochman, Stanislav B. . .19 06
Holliday, Thomas E. ....1889-p
Howell, Otis 1895
Howey, R. H 1874
Hrbata, Leopold 1919-p
Hume, Robert 1859-p
Humphrey, G. H 1872
Hutchins, John C 1876-p
Irwin, John C 1858
Jack, James Payson . . . .1911-p
Jamieson, Roy W 1913-p
Jenkins, George W 18 8 7-p
Johnson, C. 0 1887-p
Jones, Alfred 1870-p
Jones, E. R 1874
Jones, Isaac F 1866-p
Jones, Sugars T 18 64-p
Jones, Thomas R 1868-p
Jones, William M 1892-p
Kaczmarsky, Roman ....1917-p
Keir, William 185 7-p
Kellogg, Robert 0 1875-p
Kelsey, Joel S 18 74-p
Kemerer, Duncan M. ...18 65-p
Kennedy, Pinley F 1892
Kerlinger, Charles C. . . .1878-p
King, Courtlen 1860-p
King, H. W 1912-p
64
Alumniana
King, Joseph 1868-p
Kinkaid, James J 1864-p
Kittell, James S. . . . : . ..1899-p
Koehne, J. B 1890-p
Kromer, E. G 1903
Kucera, Jaroslav 1910-p
Kuhn, Louis John 1885-p
Kuziw, Wasil 1910-p
Lambe, Henry B 1861
Larimore, John K 1870-p
Lee, Charles H 1860-p
Lee, George L 1881-p
Lee, Harold, Jr 1920-p
Leroy, Albert E 190 0-p
Lewis, David 1882-p
Litten, Ross B 1915-p
Little, Robert H 1919-p
Lloyd, William A 18 61-p
Loos, Carl 1907 p-
Lowe, Titus 1903-p
Luccock, Emory W 1919-p
Lutcy, Adolphe E 1869
Lyon, David N 1869
Lytle, Marshall Blaine ..1905-p
McAyeal, Howard S 1886-p
McCarthy, William B. ..1883-p
McCauley, Clay 18 67-p
McConnell, Alexander S. 1866
McConnell, Harry W. .. .1919-p
McDonald, J. P 1897
McElhenny, John J 1861-p
McFarland, George M. ..1868
McFarland, William H. ..1876
McGiffen, R. B 1912-p
McGrew, James 1892-p
McKelvey, Charles M. ..1901-p
Mackenzie, Duncan 1918
McKenzie, R. W 1918-p
McLain, W. J. E 1878-p
McLane, Wm. W 1874
McMartin, John A 1869-p
McMillan, John 1910-p
McNulty, Rob Roy (now
R. R. Converse) 1871-p
MeSherry, Hubert L 1920-p
Machett, Alexander 1862-p
Madden, Samuel W 1862
Magee, Samuel G 1898-p
March, Alfred 1875-p
Marks, Harvey B 1901
Mateer, William N 1881-p
Matson, Walter T 1897
Miller, John H 1887-p
Miller, William W 1891-p
Mitchell, Robert 1856
Moore, John E 1920-p
Moore, John M 1867
Moore, Will L. 1902
Moricz, Balint Dezso . . ..1910-p
Morris, Jeremiah M 1885-p
Morris, John T 1878-p
Munden, J. N 1890-p
Murray, Stockton R 1876
Myers, Percy L 1898-p
Neese, William D 1878
Nesbit, James Harvey ..1877-p
Newell, Harry N 1916-p
Nordlander, E. J 1914-p
■ Norris, John N 1890-p
Paine, David B 1863-p
Paisley, George M 1877-p
Park, William J 1865-p
Patterson, Charles D. . . .1917-p
Patterson, David H 1878-p
g Patterson, James B 1859-p
Patterson, James M 1884-p
Patterson, Reuben F. . . .1863-p
Payne, Henry P 1917-p
Peairs, Benjamin F 1864-p
Peepels, Henry C 1884-p
Pender, Thomas M 1911-p
Peterson, Conrad A 1908-p
Phillis, T. W 1878-p
Pierce, David A 1873-p
Pierce, W. E 1912-p
Piper, O. P 1871-p
Porter, Robert B 1874
Posey, David R 1857-p
Price, William H 1862-p
Puky de Bizak, Stephen 19 08-p
Quick, Errett B 1910-p
Rail, Emil 1902
Rankin, T. C 1898-p
Rea, John 1868
Richards, John 1868-p
Richmond, Charles E. ..1920-p
Ritchey, James A 1876
Rodebaugh, William H. 1892-p
Rodgers, Joseph H. .....1899-p
Sabacky, Vladimir 1918-p
Sampson, George C 1877-p
Sampson, John P 1871-p
Sanders, Frank P 1893-p
Santuccio, Agatino 1910-p
Sarver, Jonathan E 1903-p
Sawhill, Thomas A 1878-p
Schleifer, Oscar 1898
Schneider, William P. ..1900-p
Schodle, Adam G 1907
Schultz, Irvin S 1916-p
Scott, George R. W 1866-p
Sharp, Samuel F 1898-p
65
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Shauer, Joseph J 1919-p
Shepard, Simon P 1885-p
Shields, Harry M 1893-p
Simpson, James T 1913-p
Simpson, John W 1878
Sinclair, B. D 1887-p
Smith, Charles L 1890-p
Smith, C. S 1881-p
Smith, James P 1858-p
Smith, Joseph H 1862-p
Smith, Wayne P 1894-p
Soucek, Frank 1918-p
Staneff, Demetrius 1888-p
Stanley, Walter P 1919-p
Steele, Alexander 19 01-p
Stephens, Herbert T. ...1891-p
Sterrett, Walter Brooks 189 9-p
Stevenson, James P 1903-p
Storer, Happer B 1916-p
Street, S. T 1875-p
Streeter. E. E 1908-p
Strub, Henry M 1916
Stulc, Joseph 1920-p
Swan, Alfred W 1919-p
Swarts, Adolph A 1913
Tanner, Benjamin T 1860-p
Tappan, David S 1867
Thayer, Henry Ernest .. .1883-p
Thomas, Coovirt R 1920-p
Thomas, William H 1868-p
Thompson, Benjamin ...1866-p
Thompson, Theodore A.. 1877-p
Tipper, William 1901-p
Van Emman, Craig R. . .1869-p
Varner, W. P 1894-p
Vaughn, Bert C 1888
Vecsey, Eugene 1911-p
Vocaturo, Pasquale ....1912-p
Vogan, Frank H 1898-p
Waite, James 1899-p
Walden, Anthony, E. ...1888-p
Walker, Edward P 1885-p
Walker, William E. .... .185 9-p
Wallace, Scott Ingalls ..1903
Wallace, Thomas M. ...1878-p
Walrond, Maurice E. ...1921-p
Warren, William H 1863-p
Waters, James Q 1863-p
Watson, James H 1892-p
Watt, John C 1877-p
Weber, Pierre 1911-p
White, Charles G 1921-p
Wells, Earl B 1899-p
Welsh, W. S 188S-P
Welty, F. B 1872
•White, Daniel C 1898-p
White, Prescott C 1894-p
Whiten, I. J 1862-p
Willard, Hess Ferral .. . .1914
Wilson, Walter Lowrie .18 9 7
Wightman, J. R 1891-p
Wilkinson, A. P 1895-p
Willard, E. S 1881
Williams, Charles B. ...18 91-p
Williams, John Ira 1899
Williams, Richard G. ...1862-p
Wilson, Charles Reid ..18y9-p
Wilson, H. Luther 1912-p
Winger, C. N 1884-p
Winn, W. G 1911-p
Wishard, Frederick, G. ..1898-p
Wood, William S 1859-p
Woodbury, Frank P 1864-p
Woods, Robert 1866
Woolf, G. R 1882-p
Workman, A. D 1872
Wortabet, G. M lS58-p
Worthman, Diedrich ....1914-p
Wycoff, J. L. R 1870-p
Yates, Thomas R 1897-p
Yoo, Charles 1913-p
Young, Alexander B. . . .1897-p
Young, A. Z ...1864-p
Youngman, Benjamin C. 1870-p
Zoll, Joseph 1896
66
Alumniana
CALLS
Rev. Charles Millar, '92, Tamaqua, Pa., to Danville, Pa.
Rev. T. W. Pearson, '93, Franklin, Pa., to Hopedale, O.
Rev. R. J. Roberts, '9 4, Marion Center, Pa., to Homer City, Pa.
Dr. W. A. Atkinson, '9 6, Marysville, O., to First Church of
Rochester, Pa.
Rev. H. O. McDonald, '99, Unity, Pa., to Enon, Pa.
Rev. J. R. Mohr, '00, Natrona, Pa., to First, Freedom, Pa.
Rev. Hugh Leith, '02, Covington, Ky., to Wilkinsburg, Pa.
Rev. D. P. Williams, '02, Supt. of Beaver and Shenango Presby-
teries to First Church of East Palestine, Ohio.
Rev. Plummer N. Osborne, '07, East End, Bradford, Pa., to
Rocky Grove, Franklin, Pa.
Rev. Matthew F. Smith, '11, Beaver Falls, Pa., to First, Indian-
apolis, Ind.
Rev. M. H. Sewell, '12-p, New Philadelphia, Ohio, to Marietta,
Ohio.
Rev. Paul Sappie, '15, Lemington Ave., Pittsburgh, to Water-
ford, Pa.
Rev. Gill R. Wilson, '20, Assistant pastor of First Church of
Parkersburg, W. Va., to Fourth Presbyterian, Trenton N. J.
INSTALLATIONS
Rev. James D. Humphrey, '99, Plumville, Pa., July 21, 1921.
Rev. William A. Reed, '00, Van Buren, Ohio, July 17, 1921.
Rev. E. J. Knepshield, '0 5, Little Redstone, Pa.
Rev. W. W. Dinsmore, '07, Lower Ten Mile and Pleasant Hill,
Pa. August 27, 1921.
Rev. G. L. Glunt, '11, Oakland, Pittsburgh, Pa., March 4, 1921.
Rev. G. K. Bamford, '21, New Salem, Pa.
Rev. A. B. Weisz, '21, Laurel Hill, Pa., July 21, 1921. Mr. Weisz
was ordained at the same service.
ACCESSIONS
Rev. J. Shane Nicholls, D.D., '92, Immanuel, Cincinnati, Ohio. . . 19
Rev. W. F. McKee, D.D., '96, Monongahela, Pa 8
Rev. R. E. Porter, '9 6, Mahoningtown, Pa 11
Rev. J. B. Brice, '00, Forest Lawn, Marion, Ohio 50
Rev. W. J. Holmes, '02, First, Lancaster, Pa 10
Rev. Edgar R. Tait, '02, Wilson, Pa., 82
Rev. H. C. Hutchison, '09, Hazelwood, Pittsburgh, Pa 13
Rev. G. L. Glunt, '11, Oakland, Pittsburgh, Pa 28
Rev. M. A. Matheson, '11, Prospect, Ashtabula, Ohio 34
Rev. L. L. Tait, '15, Bessemer, Pa 26
Rev. D. E. Daniel, '19, Conemaugh, Pa 15
67
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
RESIGNATIONS
Rev. Fountain F. Farrand, '83, Bethany, Sacramento, Cal.
Rev. Isaac Boyce, D.D. '84, Allison Park, Pa.
Rev. Francis A. Kerns, '88, Youngwood, Pa. ,
GENERAL ITEMS '
On June 14th, the Presbytery of Pittsburgh met in the Raccoon
Presbyterian Church to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of both
the ordination and the pastorate of Rev. Greer M. Kerr, D.D. '71.
Pittsburgh Presbytery held an adjourned meeting in the same church
June 14, 1871, for the purpose of ordaining and installing Dr. Kerr,
who had just graduated from the Seminary. The following program
was followed: Anniversary Sermon, Dr. Kerr; Address to Young
People, Rev. J. A. Marquis, D.D.; Meeting of Presbytery; Minute of
meeting of Pittsburgh Presbytery June 14, 1871, Rev. C. S. McClel-
land, D. D.; Addresses by Rev. S. J. Fisher, D.D., Dr. W. D. Irons.
Rev. J. M. Duff, D.D., Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D.D., Rev. Maitland
Alexander, and Rev. W. P. Proudflt; An Ode to a Pastor, Rev. W. F.
Brown, D. D.
The Carnegie Presbyterian Church has erected an honor tablet
in appreciation of the life and service of Dr. Joseph M. Duff, '76,
who recently retired after a pastorate of forty years in this church.
The tablet will be unveiled Dec. 18th.
The Fourth Presbyterian Church of Camden, N. J., of which
Rev. W. A. Williams '80-p. is pastor, received during the last fiscal
year 104 members; eighty of these were received in twenty-two
Sabbaths.
Rev. Fountain F. Farrand, '83, has resigned the pastorate of
Bethany Church of Sacramento, Cal., on account of ill health.
Through an oversight we failed to note the celebration of the
thirtieth anniversary of the pastorate of Rev. C. C. Hays, D. D., '84
of the First Presbyterian Church of Johnstown, Pa. The anniversary
was celebrated early in the present year (Feb. 4th and 6th.). On
Friday evening a reception for Dr. and Mrs. Hays was held; on
Sunday addresses were delivered by Rev. John A. Marquis, D.D.,
'90, at the morning service, and by Chancellor S. B. McCormick, '90,
at the evening service. Dr. Hays is President of the Board of Direc-
tors of the Seminary, and his alma mater is deeply indebted to him
for the time and thought which he has given to her welfare.
Rev. George P. Donehoo, '86, of Coudersport, Pa., has recently
been made State Librarian.
Rev. W. O. Elterich, '88, who, with his wife and daughter, has.
been spending a year's furlough in Pittsburgh and vicinity, sailed,
from San Francisco the last of August. His address will be Temple
Hill, Chefoo, China.
The Webster Groves Presbyterian Church of St. Louis, of which
ReV. David S. Skilling, D. D., '91, is pastor, now has a membership
of jnore than 900. Recently an offering of $92 5 was taken for the
Interchurch debt, and the Bible School gave $522 fox. Near East
68
Alumniana
Rev. T. W. Pearson, '93 terminated his pastorate at the Rocky
Grove Presbyterian Church, Franklin, Pa., May 29th., accepting a
call to the Presbyterian Church of Hopedale, Ohio. His seven years
in Franklin have been marked with great success. Three hundred
and three new members have been added and one hundred and
seventy-five have been baptized. The various departments of the
church have become more and more efficient. In place of one mission-
ary society giving $35 annually, there are now five, contributing
$400 annually.
The First Presbyterian Church of Scottdale, of which Rev. J.
E. Hutchison, '94, is pastor, is enjoying great prosperity. Recent
large accessions have brought the total membership to over 700. The
church supports eleven native preachers and five students for the
ministry in Chefoo, China.
Rev. D. E. Hepler, '9 5, was elected to the office of Presbyterial
Superintendent by the Presbytery of Clarion and was released from
the pastorate of the Pisgah Church to begin his new work May 15th.
Sept. 23rd. marked the twenty-fifth anniversary of the sailing
of Rev. and Mrs. Harvey Brokaw, '96-p., for Japan, where they are
still actively engaged in missionary work.
The Highlandtown Church, of which Rev. J. S. Cotton, '9 6, is
the pastor, celebrated its centennial anniversary Sept. 3d. and 4th.
More than a thousand people attended the first day's meeting.
Dr. and Mrs. W. F. McKee of Monongahela Presbyterian Church
celebrated their tweny-fifth wedding anniversary, July 21st. The
congregation joined in the celebration at the manse with a dinner
and reception at which time beautiful presents were given the couple.
Dr. McKee is a member of the class of 1896.
The Synod of Colorado held its fiftieth annual meeting in the
Central Church of Denver, Sept. 27-3 0 inclusive, and the part of the
program covering the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary, which
included afternoon and evening sessions on Sept. 29 as well as a
dinner for men, was arranged by Rev. J. Mont Travis, '9 6.
The Presbyterian Church of Newell, W. Va., of which Rev.
Herman M. Hosack, '98, is pastor, celebrated the tenth anniversary of
its dedication on Sunday, June 19th. During that period the member-
ship has increased from 28 to 148. Two years ago the church be-
came self supporting. The average contribution per member is $35.94
Mr. Hosack has been pastor there five years.
During the pastorate of Rev. R. P. Lippincott, '02, the First
Church of Cadiz, Ohio, has made a remarkable advance in its bene-
volent contributions. Ten years ago the church was contributing
about two thousand dollars to the Boards and other causes; for the
last fiscal year the contributions reached a total of eight thousand
dollars.
Central Presbyterian Church of Washington, Pa., Rev. Walter
P. McConkey, '06, pastor, on May first celebrated the twenty-fifth
anniversary of its organization.
In this age when many churches report a decline in attendance
it is gratifying to find a church like the First €hurch of New Ken-
sington, Pa., when the seating capacity of the auditorium is taxed
to the utmost regularly both morning and evening. The pastor. Rev.
W. G. Felmeth, '11, is to be congratulated.
69
Tl%e Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Rev. and Mrs. W. H. Hezlep and their three children sailed dur-
ing August from New York for Bombay. Mr. Hezlep is a member of
the class of '11.
Rev. M. A. Matheson, '11, has received 108 new members into
his church and has baptized 53 persons since he became pastor of the
Prospect Church, Ashtabula, Ohio, a little more than a year ago.
Rev. Matthew F. Smith, D.D., '11, has taken charge of the work
in the First Church of Indianapolis, Ind., to which he was recently
called from Beaver Falls, Pa.
Rev. P. E. Burtt, '12, has had marked success in his work at
Wellsburg, W. Va. Recently the congregation showed their apprecia-
tion by increasing his salary five hundred dollars. During his pastor-
ate a total of 144 have been added to the church.
Rev. Mayson H. Sewell, '12-p., New Philadelphia, Ohio, on
Sept. 11th. received four new members into the church, making a
total of 122 received within two years. On Sept. 15th, Mr. Sewell
took up the work in his new pastorate in the First Church of
Marietta, Ohio.
A very successful Conference for the Young People of Clarion
Presbytery was held at Reynoldsville, Pa., June 23-26, under the
auspices of the Permanent Committee on Sabbath Schools and
Young People's Societies, of which Rev. C. W. Cochran, '13, is
chairman.
Rev, S. L. Johnston, '13, is enjoying a very pleasant and success-
ful pastorate in the Muddy Creek, Presbyterian Church in Redstone
Presbytery. He began his pastorate there about a year ago, coming
from Woodlawn, Pa.
Rev. O. S. McFarland, '13, is President of the Board of Relig-
ious Education of New Brighton, Pa. Under his direction New Brigh-
ton has an up-to-date community program of religious education.
Through arrangements made with the Board of Public Education, the
New Brighton Board of Religious Education offers, as an elective,
to all pupils in Grades I-VIII, one hour of religious instruction each
week during regular school hours. Those pupils who are not enrolled
for this work will remain in school, using this hour as a study hour.
The school day has not been lengthened. Over .95% of the pupils in
the first six grades have enrolled.
The October number of the "Moslem World" contains an article
on Mohammed Al-Ghazzali by Rev. Dwight M. Donaldson, '14. The
article is in reality a translation of a Persian biographical history of
this great Islamic theologian, whose influence in that system corres-
ponds with that of Augustine in the Christian. Mr. Donaldson has the
honor of being the re-discoverer of the tomb of Al-Ghazzali.
Rev. E. C. Howe, '14, before he returned to China, was presented
with a special gift of $40 0 by the First Presbyterian Church, Martins
Ferry, Ohio, of which he is the missionary.
Rev. Mark B. Maharg, '14, has begun work in his new pastorate
in the Brighton Presbyterian Church of Zanesville, Ohio.
Rev. L. L. Tait, '15, is meeting with great encouragement in his
work at Bessemer, Pa. At a recent celebration of the Lord's Supper
more persons communed than at any other service in the history of
the church. On this occasion twenty-two of the twenty-six additions
to the church were on profession of faith.
70
Alumniana
Rev. R. V. Gilbert, '16 is laying great emphasis on religious
education in the First Presbyterian Church of Girard, Pa. He con-
ducts a teacher training class for thirty minutes prior to the prayer
meeting service, and during the prayer meeting period has a system-
atic study of Old Testament Prophecy.
The Presbyterian Church of Dalton, Ohio, Rev. Ross E. Conrad,
'17, pastor, is now observing Wednesday night as "Church Night".
After a fifteen minute devotional service, the following classes are
held: men's discussion group, women's group studying medical mis-
sions, expert endeavor class, and junior mission study class.
Rev. Arnold H. Lowe, 'p-g,'17, and Miss Biraddie Elmore Douglas
were married at Malta Bend, Mo., Thursday, Sept. 1st, Mr. Lowe is
pastor of the Odell Avenue Presbyterian Church, Marshall, Mo.
Under the direction of Rev. C. R. Wheeland '17, the Irving Park
Presbyterian Church of Chicago has laid out a progressive and com-
prehensive program for evangelistic and social work. A parish house
less elaborate but similar to the one at the Fourth Church is to be
erected. At a recent communion twenty-one new members were
received, nineteen on confession and two by letter.
Rev. W. W. McKinney, '19, in his annual Labor Day Sermon,
delivered a forceful discourse on the text, "Masters render unto
your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also
have a Master in heaven."
During a period of twenty months Rev. William F. Mellott, '19,
of Cumberland, Md., received 74 members into the church.
71
Subscription Blank for (he Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary.
Rev. James A. Kelso, Ph., D., D.D.,
Pres. Western Theological Seminary,
731 Ridge Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Dear Sir: —
Enclosed find 75 cents for one year's subscription to the Bulletin of the
Western Theological Seminary, commencing January, 1922.
Name -
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^7'2
Subscription Blank for the Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary.
Rev. James A. Kelso, Ph., D., D.D.,
Pres. Western Theological Seminary,
731 Ridge Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Dear Sir: —
Enclosed find 75 cents for one year's subscription to the Bulletin of the
Western Theological Seminary, commencing January, 1922.
Name -
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72
:m.
BEECH
^WESTERN
LYNDALE
RIDGE
NORTH
AVE.
SHOWING THE LOCATION OF
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL
SEMINARY
N.S. PITTSBURGH, PENN'A
A— HERRON HALL C— DR SNOWDEN'S RESIDENCE. E— OLD LIBRARY. P— MEMORIAL HALL.
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D
CATALOGUE
1921 - 1922
THE BULLETIN
OF THE
Western Theological
Seminary
Published quarterly, in January, April, July, and October
by the
TRUSTEES OF THE
Western Theological Seminary
OF THE
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
Entered as Second Class Matter December 9, 1909, at the Postoffice at Pittsburgh,
Pa. (North Diamond Station), Under the Act of Aug. 24, 1912
PITTSBURGH PRINTING COMPANY
PITTSBURGH, PA.
CALENDAR FOR 1922
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 26th.
Written examinations at 8:30 A. M.; continued Thursday, April
27th, Friday, April 28th, and Saturday, April 29th.
SUNDAY, APRIL 30th.
Baccalaureate sermon in the Tabernacle Presbyterian Church,
at 11:00 A. M.
Seniors' communion service at 3:00 P. M. in the Chapel.
MONDAY, MAY 1st.
Oral examinations at 2:00 P. M.; continued Tuesday, May
2nd, and Wednesday, May 3rd.
THURSDAY, MAY 4th.
Annual meeting of the Board of Directors in the President's
Office at 10:00 A. M.
THURSDAY, MAY 4th.
Commencement exercises. Conferring of diplomas and address
to the graduating class, 3:00 P. M.
Meeting of Alumni Association and annual dinner, 5:00 P. M.
FRIDAY, MAY 5th.
Annual meeting of Board of Trustees at 3:00 P. M.
Session of 1922-23
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19th.
Reception of new students in the President's Office at 3:00
P. M.
Matriculation of students and distribution of rooms in the
President's Office at 4:00 P. M.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 20th.
Opening address in the Chapel at 10:30 A. M.
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 21st.
Semi-annual meeting of the Board of Directors at 2:00 P. M.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 22nd.
Semi-annual meeting of the Board of Trustees at 3:00 P. M.
in the parlor of the First Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29th. (noon) — FRIDAY, DECEM-
BER 1st. (8:30 A. M.)
Thanksgiving recess.
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 20th. (noon) — TUESDAY, JANU-
ARY 2nd. (8:30 A. M.)
Christmas recess.
3 (75)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
aPFICEBS
President
Vice-President
Ralph W. Harbison
Secretary
THE REV. SAMUEL J. FISHER, D. D.
Counsel
T. D. McCLOSKEY
Treiasiirer
COMMONWEALTH TRUST COMPANY
TRUSTEES
Class of 1922
Joseph A. Herron Oliver McClintock
Ralph W. Harbison "Wilson A. Shaw
Geo. B. Logan William M. Robinson
The Rev. William J. Holland, D. D., LL. D.
Class of 1923
Hon. J. McF. Carpenter Charles A. Dickson
The Rev. W. A. Jones, D. D. John R, Gregg
Daniel M. Clemson Sylvester S. Marvin
Robert Wardrop
Class of 1924
Geo. D. Edwards R. D. Campbell
John G. Lyon Rev. P. W. Snyder, D. D.
The Rev. S. J. Fisher, D. D. Alex. C. Robinson
The Rev. Stuart Nye Hutchison, D. D.
4 (76)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
STANDING COMMTTTEES
Geo. B. Logan
Robert Wardrop
Executive
W. J. Holland, D. D. George D. Edwards
Oliver McClintock S. J. Fisher, D. D.
R. W. Harbison
Auditors
Geo. D. Edwards
R. D. Campbell
R. W. Harbison
Property
Geo. B. Logan
Alex. C. Robinson
Finance
President, Treasurer, Secretary, and Auditors
A. C. Robinson
Library
John G. Lyon
J. A. Kelso, Ph.D., D. D.
Advisory Member of all Ck>minittees
James A. Kelso, Ph. D., D. D., ex officio
Annual Meeting, Friday before second Tuesday in May, 3:00 P. M. ;
semi-annual meeting, Wednesday following third Tuesday in
November, 3:00 P. M., in the parlor of the First Presbyterian
Church, Sixth Avenue.
5 (77)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
OFFICERS
President
THE REV. CALVIN C. HAYS, D. D.
Vice-President
THE REV. J. KINSEY SMITH, D. D.
Secretary
THE REV. JOSEPH M. DUFF, D. D.
DIRECTORS
Class of 1922
Examining Conunittee
The Rev. Maitland Alexander, D. D.
The Rev. Wm. O. Campbell, D. D.
The Rev. Geo. N. Luccock, D. D.
The Rev. Joseph T. Gibson, D. D.
The Rev. J. Millen Tlobinson, D. D., LL
The Rev. John M. Mealy, D. D.
The Rev. Samuel Semple, D. D.
T. D. McCloskey
J. S. Crutchfield
James Rae
D.
Class of 1923
The Rev. Calvin C. Hays, D. D.
The Rev. Wm. H. Hudnut, D. D.
The Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D. D.
The Rev. George Taylor, Jr., Ph. D.
The Rev. William E. Slemmons, D. D.
The Rev. J. Kinsey Smith, D. D.
The Rev. William F. Weir, D. D.
Ralph W. Harbison
*James I. Kay
Wilson A. Shaw
*Died, Feb. 20, 1921.
(78)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Class of 1924
The Rev, William R. Craig, D. D.
The Rev. David S. Kennedy, D. D.
The Rev. Frederick W. Hinitt, D. D.
The Rev. S. B, McCormick, D.
The Rev. William L. McEwan, D.
The Rev W. P. Stevenson, D. D.
The Rev. A. P. Higley, D. D.
Charles N. Hanna
George B. Logan
Alex. C. Robinson
D., LL. D.
D.
Class of 1925
The Rev. Thomas B. Anderson, D. D.
The Rev. Jesse C. Bruce, D. D.
The Rev. Joseph M. Duff, D. D.
The Rev. John A. Marquis, D. D.
The Rev. J. M. Potter, D, D.
*The Rev. William P. Shrom, D.
The Rev. William H. Spence, D.
*Died March 28, 1921.
W. D. Brandon
Dr. John C. Acheson
John F. Miller
D.
D.,
Litt. D.
STANDING COMMITTEES
Executive
Hugh T. Kerr, D. D.
S. B. McCormick, D. D.
T. D. McCloskey
James A. Kelso, Ph. D., D. D., ex officio
Joseph M. Duff, D. D.
A. C. Robinson
Curriculum
A. P. Higley, D. D.
Samuel Semple, D. D.
William F. Weir, D. D.
J. S. Crutchfield
Annual Meeting, Thursday before second Tuesday in May and semi-
annual meeting, third Tuesday in November at 2:00 P. M., in
the President's Oflace, Herron Hall.
7 (79)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
FACULTY
The Rev. James A. Kelso, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President and Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature
The Nathaniel "W. Conkling Foundation
The Rev. Robert Christie, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Apologetics
The Rev. David Riddle Breed, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Homiletics
The Rev. David S. Schaff, D. D.
Professor of Ecclesiastical History and History of Doctrine
The Rev. William R. Farmer, D. D.
Reunion Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution
The Rev. James H. Snowden, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Systematic Theology
The Rev. Selby Frame Vafce, D. D., LL. D.
Memorial Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. David E. Culley, Ph. D.
Associate Professor of Hebrew
The Rev. Frank Eakif, B. D.
Instructor in New Testament Greek and Librarian
Prof. George M. Sleeth
Instructor in Elocution
Mr. Charles N. Boyd
Instructor in Music
8 (80)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
COMMITTEES OF THE FACULTY
CknTkerence
Dr. Schatf a»d Dr. Vance
Elliott Lectureship
Dr. Schaff and Dr. Snowden
Bulletin
Dr. Culley and Mr. Eakin
Curriculum
Dr. Farmer and Dr. Vance
library
Dr. Culley and Mr. Eakin
Advisory Member of All Conunittees
Dr. Kelso, ex officio
Assistant to Librarian
Miss Sara M. Higgins
Secretary to the President
Miss Margaret M. Read
9 (81)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
LECTURES
Opening Lecture
The Rev. Jolm A. Hutton, D. D,
"The Tone of Preaching"
Home Missions (5 lectures)
The Rev. Baxter P. Fullerton, D. D., LL. D.
Church Publicity (5 lectures)
Mr. Herbert H. Smith
Conference Lectures
"Near East", Professor Oscar M. Chamberlain.
"Russia", Mr. Bayard Christy.
"Missions in British East Africa", The Rev. Lee H, Downing.
"John Calvin", The Rev. John C. Goddard, D. D.
"Experiences in West Africa", The Rev. A. I. Good.
"Missions in India", The Rev, W. H. Hezlep.
"The Summer Bible Schools", The Rev. A. L. Latham, D. D,
"Mexican Missions", The Rev. A. N. Lucero.
"Doctrinal Preaching", The Rev. C. B. McAfee, Ph. D., D. D,
"Community Religious Education", The Rev. O. S. McFarland.
"Church Finance and Stewardship", The Rev. A. F. McGarrah.
"Home Missions in the Southwest", The Rev Robert N.
McLean, D. D.
"Foreign Missions", The Rev. A. W. Moore.
"The Work of Men in the Church", The Rev. William F, Weir,
D. D,
"India", The Rev. A. L. Wiley.
Day of Prayer for Colleges
A Conference on Recruiting for the Ministry, held under the
joint auspices of the Faculty of the Seminary and the Education
Committee of the Presbytery of Pittsburgh, formally opened with
an address by the Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D. D.
10 (82)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
AWARDS: MAY, 1921
Tlie Diploma of tke Seminary
■was a-wardled to
George Kyle Bamford
Robert Harvey Henry
Andrew Jay Hudock
Charles Jesse Krivulka
Frederic Christian Leypoldt
Walter Lysander Moser
Hampton Theodore McFadden
John Christian Rupp
Abraham Boyd Weisz
Joseph J. Welenteichick
A Special Certificate
was awarded to
Leon Buczak
Tne Decree of Bacnelor of Divinity
Alfred D'Aliberti
Arthur Henry George
James Adolph Hamilton
John Tomasula
•was conferred upon
George Kyle Bamford
(of the graduating class)
Walter Lysander Moser
(of the graduating class)
The Seminary Fello^vsnip
was awarded to
Walter Lysander Moser
1 ne Keitn Memorial rlomiletical Prize
was a'warded to
George Kyle Bamford
A. rlebrew Prize
was awarded to
Arthur Dow Behrends
Calvin H. Hazlett
Merit Prizes
-were awarded to
W. H. Millinger
P. L. Warnshuis
J. W. Willoughby
Calvin H. Hazlett
Willard C. Mellin
William Owen
11 (83)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
STUDENTS
Fellows
John Greer Bingham Merer, Pa.
A. B., Grove City College, 1905.
Western Theological Seminary, 1916.
Ralph C. Hofmeister Oakmont, Pa.
A. B., Cedarville College, 1914.
Western Theological Seminary, 1918.
Roy Frank Miller Cochranton, Pa.
B. So., West Virginia University, 1915.
Western Theological Seminary, 1920.
Walter Lysander Moser Mars, Pa.
A. B., Grove City College, 1915.
B. D., Western Theological Seminary, 1921.
Clyde Randolph Wheeland Chicago, 111.
B. D., Western Theological Seminary, 1917.
Fellows 5
Graduate Students
Ole Curtis Griffith R. F. D., Coraopolis, Pa.
A. B., Missouri Valley College, 1915.
Western Theological Seminary, 1918.
Walter Lysander Moser Mars, Pa.
A. B., Grove City College, 1915
B. D., Western Theological Seminary, 1921
David Lester Say Cross Creek, Pa.
A. B., Grove City College, 1914
Western Theological Seminary, 1917.
H. Erwin Stafford 725 Clinton Place, Bellevue, Pa.
A. B., Hiram College, 1905.
Charles E. Stanton 18 W. Mclntyre Ave., N. S.
Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, 1900.
G. B. iSwoyer 1122 High St., N. S
A. B., Wittenberg College, 1913.
Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary, 1917.
12 (84)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Walter Perkins Taylor, 107 Pembroke St., Boston Mass 315
Ph. D., Boston University, 1887.
Andover Theological Seminary, 1885.
Rufus Donald Wingert Orville, Ohio
College of Wooster, 1907.
Western Theological Seminary, 1911.
Graduate Students, 8
Senior Class
Clifford Edward Barbour .... 718 N. St. Clair St., Pittsburgh, Pa.
A. B., University of Pittsburgh, 1921.
Archibald Ferguson Fulton, Ayreshire, Scotland, Belle Vernon, Pa.
A. B., Oskaloosa College, 1920.
Lewis Arthur Galbraith, Independence, Pa 302
Park College.
Elgie Leon Gibson, Petrolia, Pa 306
A. B., Grove City College, 1919.
Daniel Hamill, Jr 617 Gearing Ave., Beltzhoover
A. B., Waynesburg College, 1919.
Lyman N. Lemmon, Mt. Pleasant, Pa 316
A. B., Franklin College (Ohio), 1917.
Ralph K. Merker 1500 Beaver Ave., N. S.
B. Sc, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1918.
Walter Harold Millinger ... 5213 Friendship Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Litt. B., Princeton University, 1918.
Basil A. Murray, North Warren, Pa 202
A. B., Westminister College (Pa.), 1917.
Samuel Galbraith Neal, Bulger, Pa 205
A. B., Washington and Jefferson College, 1919.
Roscoe Walter Porter, Summerville, Pa 309
A. B., Muskingum College, 1920.
Emile Augustin Rivard, Charleroi, Pa 217
McGill University.
Amherst College.
Paul Livingstone Warnshuis, Blairsville, Pa 203
A. B., Washington and Jefferson College, 1917.
James Wallace Willoughby, 200 N. Sixth St., Attica Ind 306
A. B., Wabash College, 1919.
Senior Class 14
13 (85)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Middle Class
Arthur Dow Behrends, Pittsburgh, Pa 216
A. B., Wittenberg College, 1912.
Jasper Morgan Cox, Parkersburg, W. Va 205
A. B., Maryville College, 1921.
Calvin Hoffman Hazlett, Newark, Ohio 203
A. B., "Washington and Jefferson College, 1917.
Lester Lane McCammon, West Alexander, Pa 204
A. B., Bethany College, 1920.
Andrew Vance McCracken, Sewickley, Pa 305
A. B., Amherst College, 1920.
James Martin, Amesbury, Mass 206
A. B., Maryville College, 1920.
Willard Colby Meaiin, Manorville, Pa 202
A, B., University of California, 1920.
William Owen 82 Grant Ave., West Etna, Pa.
Metropolitan Seminary, London, 1912.
Robert Lloyd Roberts, Marion Center, Pa 206
A. B., Lafayette College, 1920.
Middle Class, 9
Junior Class
Eugene LeMoyne Biddle, Grafton, Pa 304
B. Sc, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1921.
Jarvis Madison Cotton, Birmingham, Ala 303
A, B., Maryville College, 1921.
Howard Truman Curtis, Dansville, N. Y 317
A. B., College of Wooster, 1921.
C. LeRoy DePrefontaine, Norristown, Pa 304
Carnegie Institute of Technology.
William F. Ehmann, 2115 Bridge St., Philadelphia, Pa 218
A. of A. Blackburn College, 1921.
Ross M. Haverfield, New Philadelphia, Ohio 218
A. B., College lof Wooster, 1921.
James Russell Hilty Library, Pa.
Pd. M., State Normal School, Indiana, Pa., 1916.
Ralph Walshaw Illingworth, Jr 841 N. Lincoln Ave., N. S.
A. B., Princeton University, 1921.
14 (86)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Arthur Jennings Jackson, New Brighton, Pa 305
A. B., Geneva College, 1921.
Robert Caldwell Johnston, Washington, Pa 317
A. B., Washington and Jefferson College, 1921.
George R. Lambert 417 Burgess St., N. S.
William Stage Merwin, New Kensington, Pa 303
University of Pittsburgh.
George Karl Monroe 820 N. Lincoln Ave., N. S.
A. B., Grove City College, 1921.
Harold Francis Post 702 W. North Ave., N. S.
A. B., Washington and Jefferson College, 1918.
Boston University.
Deane Craig Walter, Export, Pa 311
A. B., Grove City College, 1920.
Clayton Edgar Williams Sewickley, Pa.
Butler College.
University of Paris, France.
James Carroll Wright, Granville, Ohio 306
Ph. B., Denison University, 1921.
John Yarkovsky, Kralove Hradec, Czecho-Slovakia 315
Reale Schule, Kralove Hradec.
University of Vladivostok, 1918-1919.
Junior Class, 18
Visitors
Miss Luella Adams 108 Camp Ave., Braddock, Pa.
Baptist Missionary Training School, Chicago, 1916.
Miss Laura M. Moore 1316 Wood St., Wilkinsburg, Pa.
Washington Seminary (Pa.).
Fred Reif 711 Sandusky St., N. S.
Pharm. Gr., University of Pittsburgh, 1908.
Miss Lula Wimpelberg 220 Main St., Arsenal Sta.
Baptist Missionary Training School, Chicago, 1917.
Visitors, 4
Summary of Students
Fellows 5
Graduates 8
Seniors 14
Middlers 9
Juniors 18
Visitors 4
58
Name repeated 1
Total 57
15 (87)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
REPRESENTATION
Theological Seminaries
Andover Theological Seminary 1
Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville 1
Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary 1
Metropolitan Seminary, London 1
Western Theological Seminary 8
Colleges and Universities
Amherst College 2
Baptist Missionary Training School, Chicago 2
Bethany College 1
Blackburn College 1
Boston University 1
Butler College 1
California, University of T
Carnegie Institute of Technology 3
Cedarville College 1
Denison University 1
Franklin College (Ohio) 1
Geneva College 1
Grove City College 6
Hiram College 1
Indiana State Normal School 1
Kralove Hradec, Reale Schule 1
Lafayette College 1
McGill University 1
Maryville College 3
Missouri Valley College 1
Muskingum College 1
Oskaloosa College 1
Paris, University of 1
Park College 1
Pittsburgh, University of 3
Princeton University 2
Vladivostok, University of 1
Wabash College 1
Washington and Jefferson College , 5
Washington Seminary 1
Waynesburg College 1
Westminister College (Pa.) 1
West Virginia University 1
Wittenberg College 2
Wooster, College of 3
States and Countries
Alabama 1
Czecho-Slovakia 1
Illinois 1
Indiana 1
Massachusetts 2
New York 1
Ohio 4
Pennsylvania 45
West Virginia 1
16 (88)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS
Senior Class
President B. A. Murray Secretary-Treasurer: L. A. Galbraith
Middle Class
President: William Owen Secretary-Treasurer: A. D. Behrends
Junior Class
President: E. L. Biddle Secretary: A. J. Jackson
Vice President: J. C. Wright Treasurer: H. F. Post
Y. M. C. A.
President: P. L. Wamshuis Secretary: W. C. Mellin
Vice President: Roscoe W. Porter Treasurer: J. Morgan Cox
Y. M. C. A. COMMITTEES
Devotional
C. H. Hazlett, Chairman
S. G. Neal
James Martin
Home Missions
B. A. Murray, Chairman
A.. D. Behrends
Foreign Missions
J. W. Willoughby, Chairman
C. E. Barbour
Athletics
L. L. McCammon, Chairman
C. H. Hazlett
L. N. Lemmon
R. C. Johnston
Prof. Eakin
J. C. Wright
Dr. Snowden
John Yarkovsky
Dr. Culley
J. M. Cox
Eugene Biddle
Dr. Schaff
Publicity
L. A. Galbraith, Chairman
Dr. Kelso
Social
L. N. Lemmon, Chairman
R. W. Porter
J. M. Cox
Dr. Vance
17 (89)
R. L. Roberts
C. L. DePrefontaine
Wm. F. Ehmann
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Historical Sketch
The Western Theological Seminary was established
in the year 1825. The reason for the founding of the
Seminary is expressed in the resolution on the subject,
adopted by the General Assembly of 1825, to wit: ''It
is expedient forthwith to establish a Theological Semi-
nary in the West, to be styled the Western Theological
Seminary of the Presbyterian Church in the United
States." The Assembly took active measures for carry-
ing into execution the resolution which had been adopted,
by electing a Board of Directors consisting of twenty-
one ministers and nine ruling elders, and by instructing
this Board to report to the next General Assembly a
suitable location and such "alterations" in the plan of
the Princeton Seminary, as, in their judgment, might
be necessary to accommodate it to the local situation of
the "Western Seminary."
The General Assembly of 1827, by a bare majority
of two votes, selected Allegheny as the location for the
new institution. The first session was formally com-
menced on November 16, 1827, with a class of four young
men who were instructed by the Rev. E. P. Swift and the
Rev. Joseph Stockton.
During the ninety-four years of her existence, two
thousand three hundred and ninety-eight students have
attended the classes of the Western Theological Semin-
ary; and of this number, over eighteen hundred have been
ordained as ministers of the Presbyterian Church, U. S.
A. Her missionary alumni, one hundred thirty -five in
number, many of them having distinguished careers,
have preached the Gospel in every land where mission-
ary enterprise is conducted.
Location
The choice of location, as the history of the institu-
tion has shown, was wisely made. The Seminary in
18 (90)
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
course of time ceased, indeed, to be western in the strict
sense of the term; but it became central to one of the
most important and influential sections of the Presby-
terian Church, equally accessible to the West and East.
The buildings are situated near the summit of Ridge
Avenue, Pittsburgh (North Side), mainly on West Park,
one of the most attractive sections of the city. Within
a block of the Seminary property some of the finest resi-
dences of Greater Pittsburgh are to be found, and at the
close of the catalogue prospective students will find a
map showing the beautiful environs of the institution.
It is twenty minutes' walk from the center of business
in Pittsburgh, with a ready access to all portions of the
city, and yet as quiet and free from disturbance as if in
a remote suburb. In the midst of this community of
more than 1,000,000 people and center of strong Presby-
terian churches and church life, the students have unlim-
ited opportunities of gaining familarity with every type
of modern church organization and work. The practical
experience and insight which they are able to acquire,
without detriment to their studies, are a most valuable
element in their preparation for the ministry.
Buildings
The first Seminary building was erected in the year
1831; it was situated on what is now known as Monu-
ment Hill. It consisted of a central edifice, sixty feet
in length by fifty in breadth, of four stories, having at
each front a portico adorned with Corinthian columns,
and a cupola in the center; and also two wings of three
stories each, fifty feet by twenty-five. It contained a
chapel of forty-five feet by twenty-five, with a gallery of
like dimensions for the Library ; suites of rooms for pro-
fessors, and accommodations for eighty students. It
was continuously occupied until 1854, when it was com-
pletely destroyed by fire, the exact date being January
23d.
19 (91)
ii
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
The second Seminary building, usually designated
Seminary Hall", was erected in 1855, and formally
dedicated January 10, 1856. This structure was consid-
erably smaller than the original building, but contained
a chapel, class rooms, and suites of rooms for twenty stu-
dents. It was partially destroyed by fire in 1887 and
was immediately revamped. Seminary Hall was torn
down November 1, 1914, to make room for the new
buildings.
The first dormitory was made possible by the gen-
erosity of Mrs. Hetty E. Beatty. It was erected in
the year 1859 and was known as "Beatty Hall". This
structure had become wholly inadequate to the needs of
the institution by 1877, and the Rev. C. C. Beatty fur-
nished the funds for a new dormitory which was known
as ''Memorial Hall," as Dr. Beatty wished to make the
edifice commemorate the reunion of the Old and New
School branches of the Presbyterian Church.
The old Library building was erected in 1872 at an
expenditure of $25,000, but was poorly adapted to library
purposes. It has been replaced by a modern library
equipment in the group of new buildings.
For the past ten years the authorities of the Semi-
nary, as well as the almuni, have felt that the material
equipment of the institution did not meet the require-
ments of our age. In 1909 plans were made for the erec-
tion of a new dormitory on the combined site of Memorial
Hall and the professor's house which stood next to it.
The corner stone of this building was laid May 4, 1911,
and the dedication took place May 9, 1912. The historic
designation, "Memorial Hall", was retained. The total
cost was $146,970; this fund was contributed by many
friends and alumni of the Seminary. Competent judges
consider it one of the handsomest public buildings in the
City of Pittsburgh. It is laid out in the shape of a Y,
which is an unusual design for a college building, but
brings direct sunlight to every room. Another notice-
20 (92)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
able feature of this dormitory is that there is not a single
inside room of any kind. The architecture is of the type
known as Tudor Gothic; the materials are reenforced
concrete and fireproofing, with the exterior of tapestry
brick trimmed with gray terra cotta. The center is sur-
mounted with a beautiful tower in the Oxford manner.
It contains suites of rooms for ninety students, together
with a handsomely furnished social hall, a well equipped
gymnasium, and a commodious dining room. A full
description of these public rooms will be found on other
pages of this catalogue.
The erection of two wings of a new group of build-
ings, for convenience termed the administration group,
was commenced in November 1914. The corner stone
was laid on May 6, 1915, and the formal dedication, with
appropriate exercises, took place on Conmaencement
Day, May 4, 1916. These buildings are removed about
half a block from Memorial Hall, and face the West
Park, occupying an unusually fine site. It has been
planned to erect this group in the form of a quadrangle,
the entire length being 200 feet and depth 175 feet.
The main architectural feature of the front wing is
an entrance tower. While this tower enhances the
beauty of the building, all the space in it has been care-
fully used for offices and class rooms. The rear wing,
in addition to containing two large class rooms which
can be throAvn into one, contains the new library. The
stack room has a capacity for 165,000 volumes. The
stacks now installed will hold about 55,000 volumes. The
reference room and the administrative offices of the li-
brary, with seminar rooms, are found on the second floor.
The reference room, 88 by 38 feet, is equipped and dec-
orated in the mediasval Gothic style, with capacity for
10,000 volumes. The architecture of the entire group is
the English Collegiate Gothic of the type which prevails
in the college buildings at Cambridge, England. The ma-
terial is tapestry brick, trimmed with gray terra cotta of
21 (93)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the Indiana limestone shade. The total cost of the two
completed wings was $154,777.00, of which $130,000.00
was furnished by over five hundred subscribers in the
campaign of October, 1913. The east wing of this group
will contain rooms for museums, two classrooms, and a
residence for the President of the Seminary. A gener-
ous donor has provided the funds for the erection of the
chapel which will constitute the west wing of the quad-
rangle. The architect is Mr. Thomas Hannah, of Pitts-
burgh.
There are four residences for professors. Two are
situated on the east and two on the west side of the new
building and all face the Park.
Social Hall
The new dormitory contains a large social hall,
which occupies an entire floor in one wing. This room
is very handsomely finished in white quartered oak, with
a large open fireplace at one end. The oak furnishing,
which is upholstered in leather, is very elegant and was
chosen to match the woodwork. The prevailing color in
the decorations is dark green and the rugs are Hartford
Saxony in oriental patterns. The rugs were especially
woven for the room. This handsome room, which is the
center of the social life of the Seminary, was erected and
furnished by Mr. Sylvester S. Marvin, of the Board of
Trustees, and his two sons, Walter R. Marvin and Earl
R. Marvin, as a memorial to Mrs. Matilda Rumsey Mar-
vin. It is the center of the social life of the student
body, and during the past year, under the auspices of the
Student Association, four formal musicals and socials
have been held in this hall. The weekly devotional meet-
ing of the Student Association is also conducted in this
room.
Dining Hall
A commodious and handsomely equipped Dining
Hall was included in the new Memorial Hall. It is lo-
22 (94)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
cated in the top story of the left wing with the kitchen
adjoining in the rear wing. Architecturally this room
may be described as Gothic, and when the artistic scheme
of decoration is completed will be a replica of the Din-
ing Hall of an Oxford college. The actual operation of
the commons began Dec. 1, 1913; the management is in
the hands of a student manager and the Executive Com-
mittee of the Student Association. It is the aim of the
Trustees of the Seminary to furnish good wholesome
food at cost; but incidentally the assembling of the stu-
dent body three times a day has strengthened, to a
marked degree, the social and spiritual life of the insti-
tution.
Library
The Library of the Seminary is now housed in its
new home in Swift Hall, the south wing of the group of
new buildings dedicated at the Commencement season,
1916. This steel frame and fire-proof structure is English
Collegiate Gothic in architectural design and provides
the Library with an external equipment which, for beauty
and completeness, is scarcely surpassed by any theolog-
ical institution on this continent. The handsome beam-
ceilinged reading room is furnished in keeping with the
architecture. It is equipped with individual reading
lamps and accommodates many hundred circulating
volumes, besides reference books and current periodicals.
Adjoining this are rooms for library administration.
There is also a large, quiet seminar room for all those
who wish to conduct researches, where the volumes that
the Library contains treating particular subjects may be
assembled and used at convenience. A stack room with
a capacity for about 165 thousand volumes has been pro-
vided and now has a steel stack equipment with space
for about 55,000 volumes.
The Library has recently come into possession of a
unique hymnological collection of great value. It con-
sists of 9 to 10 thousand volumes assembled by the late
23 (95)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Mr. James Warrington, of Philadelphia. During his
lifetime Mr. Warrington made the study of Church Music
his chief pastime and had gathered together all the ma-
terial of any value published in Great Britain and Amer-
ica dealing with his favorite theme. The Library is
exceedingly fortunate in the acquisition of this note-
worthy collection, which will not only serve to enhance
the work of the music department of the Seminary but
offers to scholars and investigators, interested in the field
of British and American Church Music, facilities un-
equaled by any theological collection in the country. The
collection, together with Mr. Warrington's original cata-
logue and bibliographical material, occupies a separate
room in the new building. The latter has been arranged
and placed in new filing cabinets, thus rendering it con-
venient and accessible. Already in recent years, before
the purchase of Mr. Warrington's collection had been
thought of for the Library, the department of hymnology
had been enlarged, and embraced much that relates to the
history and study of Church Music.
Other departments of the library also have been
built up and are now much more complete. The mediae-
val writers of Europe are well represented in excellent
editions, and the collection of authorities on the Papacy
is quite large. These collections, both for secular and
church history, afford great assistance in research and
original work. The department of sermons is supplied
with the best examples of preaching — ancient and mod-
ern— while every effort is made to obtain literature
which bears upon the complete furnishing of the preacher
and evangelist. To this end the missionary literature
is rich in biography, travel, and education. Constant
additions of the best writers on the oriental languages
and Old Testament history are being made, and the li-
brary grows richer in the works of the best scholars of
Europe and America. The department of New Testa-
ffient Exegesis is well developed and being increased, not
24 (96)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
only by the best commentaries and exegetical works, but
also by those which through history, essay, and sociolo-
gical study illuminate and portray the times, people, and
customs of the Gospel Age. The library possesses a
choice selection of works upon theology, philosophy, and
ethics, and additions are being made of volumes which
discuss the fundamental principles. While it is not
thought desirable to include every author, the leading
writers are given a place without regard to their creed.
Increasing attention is being given to those writers who
deal with the great social problems and the practical
application of Christianity to the questions of ethical and
social life.
The number of volumes in the Library at present is,
approximately, 35,000. This reckoning is exclusive of
the "Warrington collection and neither does it include
unbound pamphlet material. Over one hundred period-
icals are currently received, not including annual reports,
year books, government documents, and irregular con-
tinuations. A modern card catalogue, in course of com-
pletion, covers, at the present time, a great majority of
the bound volumes in the library.
The library is open on week days to all ministers
and others, without restriction of creed, subject to the
same rules as apply to students. Hours are from 9 to
5 and 7 to 9 ; Saturdays from 9 to 12. Instruction in the
use of the Library is given to New Students by the Li-
brarian at the beginning of each year.
The library is essentially theological, though it in-
cludes much not to be strictly defined by that term; for
general literature the students have access to the Car-
negie Library, which is situated within five minutes ' walk
of the Seminary buildings.
The James L. Shields Book Purchasing Memorial
Fund, with an endowment of $1,000, has been founded
by Mrs. Eobert A. Watson of Columbus, Ohio, in memory
of her father, the late James L. Shields of Blair sville,
Pennsylvania.
25 (97)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
The library is receiving the following periodicals :
American Catholic Quarterly Re-
view.
American Issue.
American Journal of Achseology.
American Journal of Philology.
American Journal of Semitic
Languages and Literature.
American Journal of Sociology.
American Lutheran Survey.
American Messenger.
Ancient Egypt.
Archiv fiir Reformations-
geschichte.
Art and Archaeology.
Asia.
Atlantic Monthly.
Auburn Seminary Record.
Biblical Review.
Bibliotheca Sacra.
British Weekly.
Catholic Historical Review.
Chinese Recorder.
Christian Century.
Christian Education.
Christian Endeavor World.
Christian Herald.
Christian Statesman.
Christian Union Quarterly.
Christian Work.
Christian Worker's Magazine.
Churchman.
Congregationalist and Advance.
Constructive Quarterly.
Contemporary Review.
Continent.
Cumulative Book Index.
East and West.
Educational Review.
Expositor.
Expository Times.
Glory of Israel.
Harvard Theological Review.
Herald and Presbyter.
Hibbert Journal.
Homiletic Review.
Independent.
International Journal of Ethics.
International Review of Missions.
Japan Review.
Jewish Quarterly Review.
Journal Asiatique.
Journal of American Oriental
Society.
Journal of Biblical Literature.
Journal of Egyptian Archeology.
Journal of Hellenic Studies.
Journal of Presbyterian Histor-
ical Society.
Journal of Religion.
Journal of Royal Asiatic Society.
Journal of Theological Studies.
Korea Mission Field.
Krest'anske Listy.
Logos.
London Quarterly Review.
Lutheran Quarterly.
Methodist Review.
Mexican Review.
Missionary Herald.
Missionary Review of the World.
Moslem World.
Nation, The
National Geographic Magazine.
Neighborhood Class News.
Neue Kirchliche Zeitschrift.
New Era Magazine.
New Republic.
Nineteenth Century and After.
North American Review.
Open Road.
Outlook.
Palestine Exploration Fund.
Pedagogical Seminary.
Pittsburgh Christian Outlook.
Prayer and Work for Israel.
Presbyterian.
Presbyterian Banner,
Princeton Theological Review.
Quarterly Register of Reformed
Churches.
Quarterly Review.
Reader's Guide.
Reader's Guide Supplement.
Reformatusok Lapja.
Reformed Church Review.
Religious Education.
Revue Biblique.
Revue d' Assyriologie.
Revue Chr^tienne.
Revue des Etudes Juives.
Revue de I'Histoire des Religions
Sailors' Magazine.
Slovensky Kalvin.
Social Service Review.
Society of Biblical Archaeology.
Survey, The
United Presbyterian.
World To-morrow.
Yale Review.
Zeitschrift fiir die Alttestament-
liche Wissenschaft.
Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie.
Zeitschrift des Deutschen Pala-
stina-Vereins.
Zeitschrift fiir die Neutestament-
liche Wissenschaft.
26 (98)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Religious Exercises
As the Seminary does not maintain public services
on the Lord's Day, each student is expected to connect
himself with one of the congregations in Pittsburgh, and
thus to be under pastoral care and to perform his duties
as a church member.
Abundant opportunities for Christian work are af-
forded by the various churches, missions, and benevo-
lent societies of this large community. This kind of
labor has been found no less useful for practical training
than the work of supplying the pulpits. Daily prayers at
11 :20 A. M., which all the students are required to attend,
are conducted by the Faculty. A meeting for prayer
and conference, conducted by the professors, is held
every Wednesday morning, at which addresses are made
by the professors and invited speakers.
Senior Preaching Service
{See Study Courses 46, 47, 56.)
Public worship is observed every Monday evening
in the Seminary Chapel, from October to April, under
the direction of the professor of homiletics. This ser-
vice is intended to be in all respects what a regular
church service should be. It is attended by the mem-
bers of the faculty, the entire student body, and friends
of the Seminary generally. It is conducted by members
of the senior class in rotation. The preacher is prepared
for his duties by preliminary criticism of his sermon and
by pulpit drill on the preceding Saturday, and no com-
ment whatever is offered at the service itself. The Ce-
cilia Choir is in attendance to lead the singing and fur-
nish a suitable anthem. The service is designed to min-
ister to the spiritual life of the Seminary and also to fur-
nish a model of Presbyterian form and order. The ex-
ercises are all reviewed by the professor in charge at his
next subsequent meeting with the senior class. Mem-
27 (99)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
bers of the faculty are also expected to offer to the
officiating student any suggestions they may deem de-
sirable.
Students' Y. M. C. A.
This society has been recently organized under the
direction of the Faculty, which is represented on each
one of the committees. Students are ipso facto and mem-
bers of the Faculty ex officio members of the Seminary
Y. M. C. A. Meetings are held weekly, the exercises be-
ing alternately missionary and devotional. It is the suc-
cessor of the Students' Missionary Society and its special
object is to stimulate the missionary zeal of its members ;
but the name and form of the organization have been
changed for the purpose of a larger and more helpful
cooperation with similar societies.
Christian Work
The City of Pittsburgh affords unusual opportuni-
ties for an adequate study of the manifold forms of mod-
ern Christian activity. Students are encouraged to en-
gage in some form of Christian work other than preach-
ing, as it is both a stimulus to devotional life and forms
an important element in a training for the pastorate.
Regular work in several different lines has been carried
on under the direction of committees of the Y. M. C. A.,
including services at the Presbyterian Hospital, at the
Old Ladies' Home and the Old Couples' Home, Wilkins-
burg, and at two Missions in the downtown district of
Pittsburgh. Several students have had charge of mis-
sion churches in various parts of the city while others
have been assistants in Sunday School work or have con-
ducted Teacher Training Classes. Those who are in-
terested in settlement work have unusual opportunities
of familiarizing themselves with this form of social ac-
tivity at the Wood's Run Industrial Home, the Kingsley
House, and the Heinz Settlement.
28 (100)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Bureau of Preaching Supply
A bureau of preaching supply has been organized by
the Faculty for the purpose of apportioning supply work,
as request comes in from vacant churches. No at-
tempt is made to secure places for students either by ad-
vertising or by application to Presbyterial Committees.
The allotment of places is in alphabetical order. The
members of the senior class and regularly enrolled
graduate students have the preference over the middle
class, and the middle class in turn over the junior.
Rules Governing the Distribution of Calls for
Preaching
1. All allotment of preaching will be made directly from the
President's Office by the President of the Seminary or a
member of the Faculty.
2. Calls for preaching will be assigned in alphabetical order, the
members of the senior class having the preference, followed
in turn by the middle and junior classes.
3. In case a church names a student in its request, the call will
be offered to the person mentioned; if he decline, it will be
assigned according to Rule 2, and the church will be notified.
4. If a student who has accepted an assignment finds it impossible
to fill the engagement, he is to notify the office, when a new
arrangement will be made and the student thus giving up
an oppointment will lose his turn as provided for under Rule
2 ; but two students who have received appointments from
the office may exchange with each other.
5. All students supplying churches regularly are expected to re-
port this fact and their names will not be included in the al-
phabetic roll according to the provisions of Rule 2.
6. When a church asks the Faculty to name a candidate from the
senior or post-graduate classes. Rule 2 in regard to alpha-
betic order will not apply, but the person sent will lose his
turn. In other words, a student will not be treated both as
a candidate and as an occasional supply.
7. Graduate students, complying with Rule 4 governing scholar-
ship aid, will be put in the roll of the senior class.
8. If there are not sufficient calls for all the senior class any week,
the assignments the following week will commence at the
point in the roll where they left off the previous week, but
no middler will be sent any given week until all the seniors
are assigned. The middle class will be treated in the same
manner as the seniors, i. e., every member of the class will
have an opportunity to go, before the head of the roll is as-
signed a second time. No junior will be sent out until all
29 (101)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the members of the two upper classes are assigned, but, like
the members of the senior and middle classes, each member
will have an equal chance.
9. These rules in regard to preaching are regulations of the Fac-
ulty and as such are binding on all matriculants of the Sem-
inary. A student who disregards them or interferes with
their enforcement will make himself liable to discipline, and
forfeit his right to receive scholarship aid.
10. A student receiving an invitation directly is at liberty to fill
the engagement, but must notify the oflBce, and will lose
his turn according to Rule 2.
Physical Training
In 1912 the Seminary opened its own gymnasium
in the new dormitory. This gymnasium is thoroughly
■equipped with the most modern apparatus. Its floor and
walls are properly spaced and marked for basket ball
and handball courts. It is open to students five hours
daily. The students also have access to the public ten-
nis courts in West Park.
Expenses
A fee of ten dollars a year is required to be paid to
the contingent fund for the heating and care of the li-
brary and lecture rooms. Students residing in the dor-
mitory and in rented rooms pay an additional twenty
dollars for natural gas and service.
All students who reside in the dormitory are re-
quired to take their meals in the Seminary dining hall.
The price for boarding is four dollars per week.*
Prospective students may gain a reasonable idea of
their necessary expenses from the following table:
Contingent Fee $ 30
Boarding for 32 weeks 128
Books 25
Gymnasium Fee 2
Sundries 15
Total $200
*During the current term, owing to the high cost of food, the
price of boarding was raised to $6.50 per week.
30 (102)
h- (
CO
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Students in need of financial assistance should ap-
ply for aid, through their Presbyteries, to the Board of
Education. The sums thus acquired may be supple-
mented from the scholarship funds of the Seminary.
Scholarship Aid
1. All students needing financial assistance may re-
ceive a maximum of $100 per annum from the scholar-
ship fund of the Seminary.
2. The distribution is made in four installments:
on the first Tuesdays of October, December, February,
and April.
3. A student whose grade falls below ''C," or 75
per cent., or who has five absences from class exercises
without satisfactory excuse, shall forfeit his right to aid
from this source. The following are not considered valid
grounds for excuse from recitations: (1) work on Pres-
bytery parts; (2) preaching or evangelistic engagements,
unless special permission has been received from the
Faculty (Application must be made in writing for such
permission) ; (3) private business, unless imperative.
4. A student who so desires, may borrow his schol-
arship aid, with the privilege of repayment after gradua-
tion ; this loan to be without interest.
5. A student must take, as the minimum, twelve
(12) hours of recitation work per w^eek in order to obtain
scholarship aid and have the privilege of a room in the
Seminary dormitory. Work in Elocution and Music is
regarded as supplementary to these twelve hours.
6. Post-graduate students are not eligible to schol-
arship aid, and, in order to have the privilege of occupy-
ing a room in the dormitory, must take twelve hours of
recitation and lecture work per week.
7. Students marrying during their course of study
at the Seminary will not be eligible to scholarship aid.
This rule does not apply to those who enter the Seminary
married.
31 (103)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Loan Funds
The Kev. James H. Lyon, a member of the class of
1864, has founded a loan fund by a gift of $200. Needy
students can borrow small sums from this fund at a low
rate of interest.
Eecently a friend of the Seminary, by a gift of
$2500, established a Students' Loan and Self-help
Fund. The principal is to be kept intact and the in-
come is available for loans to students which may be re-
paid after graduation.
General Educational Advantages
Pittsburgh is an ideal seat for a theological
seminary, because it is one of the leading manufactur-
ing and commercial cities of the country. It is obvious
that a minister ought to come in contact with the prob-
lems of community life in one of the great throbbing
centers of activity, where every social problem is in-
tensified, in order to be able to enter into sympathetic
and intelligent relations with the people of the churches
and communities which he may be called on to serve.
To put it in a word, a term of residence in Pittsburgh
brings a man into vital contact with life in its many
complex modern forms.
In Pittsburgh we find some of the largest, most
aggressive, and best equipped churches of our com-
munion. Pittsburgh Presbytery is the largest presby-
tery of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., with 137
churches and 216 ministers on its rolls. In 1921 the
total membership of these churches was 61,602. On the
rolls of the Presbytery there are nine churches with a
membership of between 1000 and 2000, and there is one
church with a membership exceeding 2500. The local
home missionary budget of Pittsburgh Presbytery for
the fiscal year 1920-21 reached a total of $124,698. This
large sum was raised in addition to the contributions of
32 (104)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the Board of Home Missions and the Synodical funds.
As might be expected, every type of modern church ac-
tivity and organization is represented in the churches
of this Presbytery. A student has abundant oppor-
tunity to familiarize himself with the organization and
methods of an efficient modern church, not merely
through the study of a text book, but by personal ob-
servation or actual participation in the work.
Not only do many of these churches carry on an
extensive and aggressive program of social service, but
in addition the student has access to the many social
settlements and other centers of welfare work with
which Pittsburgh is well supplied. To prospective stu-
dents who are especially interested in this type of
modern philanthropic activity a pamphlet giving de-
tailed information on Pittsburgh as a social centre will
be mailed on request.
In addition to being a manufacturing center, with
the largest tonnage of any city in the country, Pitts-
burgh is the seat of a University with an enrollment of
11,846 (1920-21). Students of the Seminary have the
privilege of attending the University and of receiving
the Master's degree under certain conditions (see
p. 55). Besides the University, there are the Carnegie
Institute of Technology, the Pennsylvania College for
Women, and the Pittsburgh Musical Institute. Mr.
C. N. Boyd, our instructor in Church Music, is one of
the directors of the Pittsburgh Musical Institute, and
through him any student who is interested in Church
Music may have access to special lectures and classes.
Some idea of Pittsburgh as a musical center may be
gained from the fact that during the season of 1921-22
over eighty first-class concerts of various types were
given in the city. To this number must be added the
free organ recitals which are given every Saturday by
Mr. Heinroth in Carnegie Music Hall.
In such a survey the library facilities of the city
are not to be passed by. In addition to the Seminary
33 (105)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
library, which is exclusively theological in its scope and
rich in its collections, there are the two Carnegie
Libraries. The North Side Library, the first founded
by Mr. Carnegie in 1886, which is situated within five
blocks of the Seminary buildings, affords the student
ready access to general literature of every type. The
main Library, in connection with the Carnegie Insti-
tute, with its larger collections, is also available to the
students. The Museum of the Carnegie Institute is of
large educational value, and students will be well re-
paid by a careful survey of its collections.
Admission
The Seminary, while under Presbyterian control, is
open to students of all denominations. As its special
aim is the training of men for the Christian ministry,
applicants for admission are requested to present satis-
factory testimonials that they possess good natural tal-
ents, that they are prudent and discreet in their deport-
ment, and that they are in full communion with some
evangelical church; also that they have the requisite
literary preparation for the studies of the theological
course.
College students intending to enter the Seminary are
strongly recommended to select such courses as will pre-
pare them for the studies of a theological curriculum.
They should pay special attention to Latin, Greek, Ger-
man, English Literature and Rhetoric, Logic, Ethics,
Psychology, the History of Philosophy, and General
History. If possible, students are advised to take ele-
mentary courses in Hebrew and make some study of
New Testament Greek. In the latter subject a mastery
of the New Testament vocabulary and a study of Bur-
ton's "Moods and Tenses of the New Testament Greek"
and Moulton's "Prolegomena" will be found especially
helpful.
34 (106)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
An examination in the elements of Greek grammar
and easy Greek prose is held at the opening of each
Seminary year for all first year students. Those who
pass this examination with Grade A are exempt from the
linguistic courses in Greek (i. e. Courses 13 and 14).
Those making Grade B or C are required to pursue
Course 14, while a propaedeutic course (No. 13) is pro-
vided for students who do not take this preliminary ex-
amination or who fail to pass it. (See page 41).
College graduates with degrees other than that of
Bachelor of Arts are required to take an extra elective
study in their senior year. If an applicant for admis-
sion is not a college graduate, he is required either to
pass examination in each of the following subjects, or
to furnish a certificate covering a similar amount of
work which he has actually done :
(1) Latin — Grammar; Translation of passages
taken from: Livy, Bk. I.; Horace, Odes, Bk. I; Tacitus,
Annals, I- VI.
(2) Greek — Grammar; Translation of passages
taken from: Xenophon's Memorabilia; Plato's Apology;
Lysias, Selected Orations ; Thucydides, Bk. I.
(3) English — Ehetoric, Genung or A. S. Hill; Pan-
coast, History of English Literature ; two of the dramas
of Shakespeare; Browning's ''A Death in the Desert"
and "Saul;" Tennyson's "In Memoriam;" Essays of
Emerson and Carlyle ; Burke and Webster, two orations
of each.
(4) General History — A standard text-book, such
as Fisher, Meyer, or Swinton; some work on religious
history, such as Breed's "The Preparation of the World
for Christ".
(5) Philosophy — Logic, Jevon's or Baker's Argu-
mentation; Psychology, James' Briefer Course; History
of Philosophy, Weber's, Falkenberg's, or Cushman's
standard works.
35 (107)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
(6) Natural Science — Biology, Geology, Physics
or Chemistry.
(7) Social Science — Political Economy and
Sociology.
Students who wish to take these examinations must
make special arrangements with the President.
Students from Other Theological Seminaries
Students coming from other theological seminaries
are required to present certificates of good standing and
regular dismission before they can be received.
Graduate Students
Those who desire to be enrolled for post-graduate
study will be admitted to matriculation on presenting
their diplomas or certificates of graduation from other
theological seminaries.
Resident licentiates and ministers have the privilege
of attending lectures in all departments.
Seminary Year
The Seminary year, consisting of one term, is di-
vided into two semesters. The first semester closes with
the Christmas holidays and the second commences imme-
diately after the opening of the New Year. The Semi-
nary Year begins with the third Tuesday of September
and closes the Thursday before the second Tuesday in
May. It is expected that every student will be present
at the opening of the session, when the rooms will be al-
lotted. The more important days are indicated in the
calendar (p. 3).
Examinations
Examinations, written or oral, are required in every
department, and are held twice a year, or at the end of
each semester. The oral examinations, which occupy
the first three days of the last week of the session, are
36 (108)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
open to the public. Students who do not pass satisfac-
tory examinations may be re-examined at the beginning
of the next term, but, failing then to give satisfaction,
will be regarded as partial or will be required to enter
the class corresponding to the one to which they belonged
the previous year.
Diplomas
In order to obtain the diploma of this institution, a
student must be a graduate of some college or else sus-
tain a satisfactory examination in the subjects mentioned
on page 23, and he must have completed a course of
three years' study, either in this institution, or partly in
this and partly in some other regular Theological Sem-
inary.
The Seminary diploma will be granted only to those
students who can pass a satisfactory examination in all
departments of the Seminary curriculum and have sat-
isfied all requirements as to attendance.
Men who have taken the full course at another Semi-
nary, including the departments of Hebrew and Greek
Exegesis, Dogmatic Theology, Church History, and Pas-
toral Theology, and have received a diploma, will be en-
titled to a diploma from this Seminary on condition : (1)
that they take the equivalent of a full year's work in a
single year or two years; (2) that they be subject to the
usual rules governing our classroom work, such as regu-
lar attendance and recitations; (3) that they pass the ex-
aminations with the classes of which they are members;
(4) it is a further condition that such students attend ex-
ercises in at least three departments, one of which shall
be either Greek or Hebrew Exegesis.
Courses of Study
The growth of the elective system in colleges has
resulted in a wide variation in the equipment of the stu-
dents entering the Seminary, and the broadening of the
37 (109)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
scope of practical Christian activity has necessitated a
specialized training for ministerial candidates. In
recognition of these conditions, the curriculum has been
developed to prepare men for five different types of
ministerial work: (1) the regular pastorate; (2) the
foreign field; (3) home missionary service; (4) reli-
gious education; (5) teaching the Bible in colleges.
The elective system has been introduced with such
restrictions as seemed necessary in view of the general
aim of the Seminary.
The elective courses are confined largely to the
senior year, except that students who have already com-
pleted certain courses of the Seminary will not be re-
quired to take them again, but may select from the list
of electives such courses as will fill in the entire quota
of hours.
Students who come to the Seminary with inade-
quate preparation will be required to take certain ele-
mentary courses, e. g., Greek, Hebrew, Philosophy. In
some cases this may entail a four years' course in the
Seminary, but students are urged to do all preliminary
work in colleges.
Fourteen hours of recitation and lecture work are
required of Juniors the first semester and sixteen hours
the second semester. In the middle year students who
entered the Seminary with preparation in Greek will
have fifteen hours work required throughout the year
while those coming unprepared in Greek will be ex-
pected to take seventeen hours the first semester and
sixteen hours the second semester. Fourteen hours are
required of Seniors and twelve of Graduate Students.
Elocution and music, although required, are not counted
in the number of hours stated above. Students desiring
to take more than the required number of hours must
make special application to the Faculty, and no student
who falls below the grade ''A" in his regular work will
be allowed to take additional courses.
38 (110)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
In tlie senior year the only required courses are
those in Practical Theology, N. T. Theology, and 0. T.
Prophecy. The election of studies must be on the
group system, one subject being regarded as major
and another as minor; for example, a student electing
N. T. as a major must take four hours in this depart-
ment and in addition must take one course in a closely
related subject, such as 0. T. Theology or Exegesis.
He must also write a thesis of not less than 4,000 words
on some topic in the department from which he has
selected his major.
Hebrew Language and Old Testament Literature
Dr. Kelso^ Dr. Culley
I. Lmg:uistic Coiu'ses
The Hebrew language is studied from the philological stand-
point in order to lay the foundations for the exegetical study of the
Old Testament. With this end in view, courses are offered which
aim to make the student thoroughly familiar with the chief exe-
getical and critical problems of the Hebrew Scriptures.
1. Introductory Hebrew Grammar. Exercises in reading and
writing Hebrew and the acquisition of a working vocabulary. Gen.
1-20. Four hours weekly throughout the year. Juniors. Re-
quired. Prof. Culley.
2a. First Samuel I-XX or Judges. Rapid reading and exegesis.
Preparation optional. Two hours weekly first semester. All classes.
Elective. Prof. Culley.
2b. The Minor Prophets or Jeremiah. Rapid reading and exe-
gesis. Preparation optional. Two hours weekly second semester.
Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Culley.
3. Deuteronomy I-XX or one Book of Kings. Hebrew Syntax.
Davidson's Hebrew Syntax or Driver's Hebrew Tenses. Two hours
weekly throughout the year. Middlers. Required. Prof. Culley.
7a. Biblical Aramaic. Grammar and study of Daniel 2:4b —
7:28; Ezra 4:8 — 6:18; 7:12-26; Jeremiah 10:11. Reading of
selected Aramaic Papyri from Elephantine. Two hours weekly first
or second semester. Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Prof.
Culley.
7b. Elementary Arabic. A beginner's course in Arabic gram-
mar is offered to students interested in advanced Semitic studies
or those looking towards mission work in lands where a knowledge
of Arabia is essential. One or two hours weekly throughout the
year depending upon the requirements of the student. Prof. Culley.
39 (111)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
7c. Elementary Assyrian. After the mastery of the most com-
mon signs and the elements of the grammar Sennacherib's Annals
(Taylor Cylinder) will be read. This course is intended for those
who propose to specialize in Semitics or are preparing themselves
to teach the Bible in Colleges. Prince, Assyrian Primer; Delitzsch,
Assyrische Lesestucke. Prerequisite courses: 1, 3, 7a, 7b. Hours to
be arranged. Prof. Kelso.
II. Critical and Exegetical Courses
A. Hebreiw
4. The Psalter. An exegetical course on the Psalms, with
special reference to their critical and theological problems. One
hour weekly, throughout the year. Seniors. Elective. Prof. Culley.
5. Isaiah I-XII, and selections from XL-LXVI. An exegetical
course paying special attention to the nature of prophecy and criti-
cal questions. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniiors
(1923-24). Elective. Prof. Kelso.
6. Proverbs and Job. The interpretation of selected passages
from Proverbs and Job which bear on the nature of Hebrew Wis-
dom and Wisdom Literature. One hour weekly throughout the
year. Seniors and Graduates (1922-23). Elective. Prof. Kelso.
Biblia Hebraica, ed. Kittel, and the Oxford Lexicon of the Old
Testament, are the text-books.
In order to elect these courses, the student must have attained
at least Grade B in courses 1 and 3.
B. English
Sa. The History of the Hebrews. An outline course from the
earliest times to the Assyrian Period in which the Biblical material
is studied with the aid of a syllabus and reference books. Two
hours weekly, second semester. Juniors and middlers. (1921-22).
Required. Prof. Kelso.
8b. The History of the Hebrews. A continuation of the pre-
ceding course. The Babylonian, Persian, and Greek Periods. Two
hours weekly, second semester. Juniors and Middlers. (1922-23).
Required. Prof. Kelso.
9. Hexateuchal Criticism. A thorough study is made of the
modern view of the origin and composition of the Hexateuch. One
hour weekly, second semester. Seniors, Graduates. Elective. Prof.
Kelso.
10. The Psalter, Hebrew Wisdom and Wisdom Literatiu'e. In
this course a critical study is made of the books of Job, Psalms,
Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon. One hour weekly,
second semester. Seniors and Graduates (1923-24). Elective.
Prof. Kelso.
11. Old Testament Prophecy and Prophets. In this course the
general principles of prophecy are treated and a careful study is
made of the chief prophetic books. Special attention is paid to the
theological and social teachings of each prophet. The problems of
literary criticism are also discussed. Syllabus and reference works.
40 (112)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Required of Seniors, open to Graduates. Two hours weekly through-
out the year. Prof. Kelso.
12. The Canon and Text of the Old Testament. This subject
is presented in lectures, with collateral reading on the part of the
students. Two hours weekly, first semester. Middlers, Seniors,
and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Culley.
25. Old Testament Theology, (see p. 43).
67. Biblical Apocalyptic. A careful study of the Apocalyptic
element in the Old Testament with special reference to the Book
of Daniel. After a brief investigation of the main features lof the
extra-canonical apocalyses, the Book of Revelation is examined in
detail. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors and Gradu-
ates (1923-24). Elective. Prof. Kelso.
69. The Book of Genesis. A critical exegetical study of the
Book of Genesis in English based upon the text of the American
Revised Version. Seminar. Two hours weekly, one semester. Sen-
iors and Graduates (1921-22). Elective. Prof. Kelso.
All these courses are based on the English Version as revised
by modern criticism and interpreted by scientific exegesis.
New Testament Literature and Exegesis
Dr. Vance, Mr. Eakin
I. IJtngulstic Courses
13. New Testament Greek: Elementary. The essentials of
Greek Grammar are taught. The First Epistle of John and part of
John's Gospel are read. Attention is also devoted to the committing
of vocabulary. Four hours weekly, first semester, three hours, sec-
ond semester. Middlers. Mr. Eakin.
14. New Testament Greek: Review and Syntax. As much time
as proves necessary is spent in a review of elementary Greek Gram-
mar. The remainder lof the course is devoted to a study of the
syntax of N. T. Greek, partly from a text book and partly induc-
tively, through reading in one of the Gospels. Two hours weekly,
second semester. Juniors. Mr. Eakin.
One or other of these courses (13 and 14) is required of all
regular students. Except in unusual cases it will be necessary
for a student entering the Seminary with less than one full year of
Greek to take Course 13, since he will not be able to successfully
complete the work of the other course.
14a. New Testament Greek: Rapid Reading. In this course
the primary aim is to give the student facility in reading the New
Testament in Greek. Some attention is devoted to critical and
exegetical problems as they are met with. Preparation on the part
of the student is optional. Two hours weekly, first semester (1922-
23). Elective. Mr. Eakin.
II. Introductory Courses
22. New Testament Introduction: General. An introduction
to the study of the canon and the text of the New Testament, and
41 (113)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
of the English versions. Two hours weekly, first semester. Juniors.
Required. Mr. Eakin.
23. New Testament Initroduction: Special Problems. A study
of critical problems connected with individual New Testament books
and groups of backs. Two hours weekly, second semester (1922-
23). Elective. Mr. Eakin.
III. Historical Courses
16. The liife of Christ. In this course a thorough study is
made of the life of our Lord, using as a text book the Gospel nar-
rative, as arranged in the Harmony of Stevens and Burton. Two
hours weekly, throughout the year. Juniors. Required. Prof.
Vance.
17. First Century Christianity. The antecedents and environ-
ment of early Christianity are traced, first from the Jewish and
then from the Gentile side. This is followed by a sketch of the
origin of the Christian movement itself and its development to the
close of the first century. Two hours weekly, second semester.
Middlers. Required. Mr. Eakin.
IV. Interpretative Courses
A. Greek
20i. Romans. The Epistle is studied with a two-fold aim:
first, of training the student in correct methods of exegesis; and
second, of giving him a firm grasp of the theological content. Two
hours weekly, throughout the year (1922-23). Prof. Vance.
20a. Hebrews. The aim of this course is the same as that of
the preceding one. Two hours weekly, throughout the year (1921-
22). Prof. Vance.
Course 20 is required of all students in either their Middle
or Senior year.
21. The Pastoral Epistles. Attention is first devoted to ac-
quiring a thorough familiarity with the Greek text of these epistles,
after which the effort is made to interpret them on the basis of
this text. Two hours weekly, first semester (1923-24). Elective.
Mr. Eakin.
B. English
19b. The Foiurth Gospel. A critical and exegetical study of
the Fourth Gospel, for the purpose, first, of forming a judgment on
the question of its authorship and its value as history, and second,
of enabling the student to apprehend in some measure its doctrinal
content. Two hours weekly, first semester (1922-23). Elective.
Prof. Vance.
24. James and I Peter. Two hours weekly, second semester
(1922-23). Elective. Prof. Vance.
a4a. I. Corinthians. Two hours weekly, first semester (1923-
24). Elective. Prof. Vance.
24b. Ephesians and Colossians. Two hours weekly, second
semester (1923-24). Elective. Prof. Vance.
42 (114)
TJie Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
27. Mark. A course designed to lay a critical foundation for
the use of this Gospel in preaching. Two hours weekly, second sem-
ester (1921-22). Elective. Mr. Eakin.
28. Gajatians. A critical course, with a homiletical purpose
in view. Two hours weekly, second semester (1923-24), Elective.
Mr. Eakin.
The text of the American Standard Version is the hasis of study
in these courses. Reference to the Greek text on the part of th'e
student is recommended but is not required.
67. Revelation. Prof. Kelso. (See "Biblical Apocalyptic",
page 41).
26. Theology of the New Testament (below).
Biblical Theology
25. Theology of the Old Testament. A comprehensive his-
torical study of the religious institutions, rites, and teachings of the
Old Testament. The Biblical material is studied with the aid of a
syllabus and reference books. Two hours weekly. Offered in alter-
nate years (1923-24). Elective. Open to Middlers, Seniors, and
Graduates. Prof. Kelso.
26. Theology of the New Testament. A careful study is
mad© of the N. T. literature with the purpose of securing a first-
hand knowledge of its theological teaching. While the work con-
sists primarily of original research in the sources, sufficient collat-
eral reading is required to insure an acquaintance with the litera-
ture lof the subject. Two hours weekly throughout the year. Re-
quired of Seniors, and open to Graduates. Prof. Vance.
English Bible
Great emphasis is laid upon the study of the English Bible
through the entire Seminary course. In fact, more time is devoted
to the study of the Bible in English than to any other single subject.
For graduation, 44 term-hours of classroom work are required of
each student. Of this total, 8 term hours are taken up with the
exact scientific study of the Bible in the English version, or in other
words, miore than one-fifth of the student's time is concentrated on
the Bible in English. In addition to this minimum requirement,
elective courses occupying 4 term-hours, are offered to students.
For details in regard to courses in the English Bible, see under Old'
Testament Literature, p. 4 Of. and New Testament Literature, p.
42f. See especially the following courses:
10'. The Psalter, Hebrew Wisdom and Wisdom Literature (see
p. 40).
11. Old Testament Prophecy and Prophets (see p. 40).
67. Biblical Apocalyptic (see p. 41).
69. The Book of Genesis (see page 41).
16. The Life of Christ (see p. 42).
43 (115)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
19b. The Fourth Gospel (see p. 42).
24. James and I Peter (see p. 42).
24a. I Corinthians (see p. 42).
24b. Ephesians and Colossians (see page 42).
61b. The Social Teaching of the New Testament (see p. 48).
The English Bible is carefully and comprehensively studied in
the department of Homiletics for hiomiletical purposes, the object
being to determine the distinctive contents of its separate parts and
their relation to each other, thus securing their proper and con-
sistent construction in preaching. (See course 45).
Church History
Dr. S chaff
The instruction in this department is given by text-book in the
period of ancient Christianity, and by lectures in the medieval and
modern periods, from 600 to 1900. In all courses, readings in the
original and secondary authorities are required and maps are used.
30. The Ante-Nicene and Nicen© Periods, 100 to 600 A. D.
This course includes the constitution, worship, moral code, and liter-
ature of the Church, and its gradual extension in the face of the
opposition of Judaism and Paganism from without, and heresy from
within; union of Church and State; Monasticism; the controversies
over the deity and person of Christ; CEcumenical Councils; the
Pelagian Controversy. Two hours weekly throughout the year.
Juniors. Required. Prof. Schaff.
31. Medieval Church History, 600 to 1517 A. D.
(i) Conversion of the Barbarians; Mohammedanism; the Pa-
pacy and Empire; the Great Schism; social and clerical manners;
Church Government and Doctrine.
(ii) Hildebrand and the Supremacy of the Papacy; the Cru-
sades; Monasticism; the Inquisition; Scholasticism; the Sacramental
system; the Universities; the Cathedrals.
(iii) Boniface VIII and the Decline of the Papacy; the Re-
formatory Councils; German Mysticism; the Reformers before the
Reformation; Renaissance; Degeneracy of the Papacy.
(iv) Symbolics: Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. Fif-
teen lectures. Three hours weekly (i and ii first semester, iii and iv,
second semester). Middlers. Required. Prof. Schaff.
32. The Reformation, 1517 to 1648. A comprehensive study
of this important miovement from its inception to the Peace of West-
phalia. Two hours weekly, first semester. Seniors. Elective.
Prof. Schaff.
33. Modern Church Hisitory, 1648 to 190O. The Counter-
Reformation; the development of modern rationalism and infidelity,
and progress of such movements as Wesleyanism and beginnings
of the social application of Christianity; Modern Missions; Trac-
tarian Movement; the Modern Popes; the Vatican Council; tenden-
44 (116)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
cies to Church Union. Two hours weekly, second semester. Seniors
and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Schaff.
34. American Church History. The religious miotives active
in the discovery and colonization of the New World; Roman Catho-
lic Missions in Canada and the South; the Puritans, — Roger Wil-
liams; Plantations; the planting of religion in Virginia, New Yiork,
Maryland, Pennsylvania; the Great Awakening; Francis Makemie
and Early Presbyterianism; Organized Presbyterianism; the New
England Divinity; the German Churches; religion during the Revo-
lution; Methodism; the Unitarians and Universalists; the American
Republic and Christianity; the Presbyterian Churches in the 19th
century; Cooperative and Unronistic movements; Christian litera-
ture and theological thought. Two hours weekly, first semester.
Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Schaff.
36. History of Presbyterianism. Its rise in Geneva; its de-
velopment in France, Holland, and Scotland; its planting and prog-
ress in the United States. Seniors and Graduates. Elective. Prof.
Schaff.
Systematic Theology and Apologetics
Dr. S]srowDEN
37. Theology Proper and Apologetics. This course includes
in theology proper the nature and sources lof theology, the existence
and attributes lof God, the trinity, the deity of Christ, the Holy Spirit,
the decrees of God. In apologetics it includes the problem of the
personality of God, antitheistic theories of the universe, miracles, the
problems connected with the inspiration of the Bible, and the virgin
birth and the resurrection of Christ. Two hours weekly throughout
the year. Juniors. Required. Prof. Snowden.
39. Anthropology, Christology, and the Doctrines of Grace.
Theories of the origin of man; the primitive state of man; the fall;
the covenant of grace; the person of Christ; the satisfaction of
Christ; theories of the atonement; the nature and extent of the
atonement; intercession of Christ; kingly office; the humiliation
and exaltation of Christ; effectual calling, regeneration, faith, justi-
fication, repentance, adoption, and sanctification; the law; the doc-
trine of the last things; the state of the soul after death; the resur-
rection; the second advent and its concomitants. Three hours
weekly throughout the year. Middlers. Required. Prof. Snow-
den.
41a. Philosophy of Religion. A thorough discussion of the
problems of theism and antitheistic theories and a study of the
theology of Ritschl. One hour weekly throughout the year. Sen-
iors and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Snowden.
41b. The Psychology of Religion. A study of the religious
nature and activities of the soul in the light of recent psychology;
and a course in modern theories of the ultimate basis and nature
of religion. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors and
Graduates. Elective. Prof. Snowden.
70. Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence (see p. 49).
45 (117)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Practical Theology
Dr. Farmer, Prof. Sleeth, Mr. Boyd
Including Homileitics, Pastoral Theology, Elocution, Church Music,
The Sacraments, and Church Government
A. Homiletics
The course in Homiletics is designed to be strictly progressive,
■keeping step with the work in other departments. Students are ad-
vanced from the simpler exercises to the more abstruse as they are
prepared for this by their advance in exegesis and theology.
Certain books of special reference are used in the department
of Practical Theology, to which students are referred. Valuable new
books are constantly being added to the library, and special addi-
tions, in large numbers, have been made on subjects related to this
department, particularly Pedagogics, Bible-class Work, Sociology,
and Personal Evangelism.
43 Public Worship. A study of the principles underlying the
proper conduct of public worship, with discussion of the various ele-
ments which enter into it, such as the reading of the Scripture,
Prayer, Music, etc. One hour weekly. First semester. Juniors.
Required. Prof. Farmer.
45. Introduction to Homiletics. A study of the Scriptures
with reference to their homiletic value. One hour weekly, second
semester. Juniors. Required. Prof. Farmer.
46. Homiletics. The principles governing the structure of the
sermion considered as a special form of public discourse. The study
of principles is accompanied by constant practice in the making of
sermons which are used as a basis for classroom discussion. Two
hours weekly, first semester, and one hour weekly second semester.
Middlers. Required. Prof. Farmer.
47. Advanced HomDetics. Historical and critical study of the
work of representative preachers in all periods of the church's his-
tory, with special emphasis on modern preaching as it is affected by
the conditions lof our time. Students are required to submit critical
analyses of selected sermons and also sermons lof their own, com-
posed with a reference to various particular needs and opportunities
in modern life. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors.
Required. Prof. Farmer.
57a. Pastoral Care. A study of the principles underlying the
work of the minister as he serves the spiritual welfare of men
through more intimate personal contact, with practical suggestions
for dealing with typical conditions and situations. One hour weekly,
first semester. Seniors. Required. Prof. Farmer.
57b. A discussion of concrete cases, presented by the profes-
sior, or by the students out of their own experience. This course is
designed to cover a wide range, and to provide for the helpful dis-
cussion of a variety of practical questions confronting young minis-
ters. One hour weekly, second semester. Seniors. Required. Prof.
Farmer.
46 (118)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
60. Administration. A comparative study of the various types
of church polity, with special emphasis on the distinctive character-
istics of the Presbyterian order, and the organization and procedure
lof its several structural units. The course covers also the whole
field of administration in the individual church and the church at
large. One hour weekly, second semester. Middlers. Required.
Prof. Farmer.
B. Elocution
50. Vocal Technique. Training lof the voice. Practice of the
Art of Breathing. Mechanism of Speech. One hour weekly through-
out the year. Juniors. Required. Prof. Sleeth.
51. Oral Interpretation of the Scriptures. Reading from the
platform. One hour weekly throughout the year. Middlers. Elec-
tive. Prof. Sleeth.
52. Speaking, with special reference to enunciation, phrasing,
and modulation. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors.
Elective. Prof. Sleeth.
52a. literary Appreciation. This subject is carried on largely
by interpretative oral readings from the great masterpieces of Eng-
lish Literature by the professor in charge and also by the students,
on the principle that in no other way can a better comprehension
of the subject be attained. To orally interpret is, in a manner, to
recreate. At times also there are running expository remarks ac-
companying the readings. One hour weekly throughout the year.
All classes. Elective. Prof. Sleeth.
C. Church Music
The object of the course is primarily to instruct the student in
the practical use of desirable Church Music; after that, to acquaint
him, as far as is possible in a limited time, with good music in gen-
eral.
42. Hymnology. The place of Sacred Poetry in History. An-
cient Hymns. Greek and Latin Hymns. German Hymns. Psal-
mody. English Hymnology in its three periods. Proper use of
Hymns and Psalms in public worship. Text book: Breed's "History
and Use of Hymns and Hymn Tunes." One hour weekly, first sem-
ester. Juniors. Required. Mr. Boyd.
53. Hymn Tunes. History, Use, Practice. Text book: Breed's:
"History and Use of Hymns and Hymn Tunes". Practical Church
Music: Choirs, Organs, Sunday School Music, Special Musical Ser-
vices, Congregational Music. One hour weekly, second semester.
Juniors. Required. Mr. Bioyd.
54. Practical Church Music. A year with the music of the
"Hymnal", with a thorough examination and discussion lof its tunes.
One hour weekly throughout the year. Middlers. Required. Mr.
Boyd.
55. Musical Appreciation. Illustrations and Lectures. One
hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors. Elective. Mr. Boyd.
56. In alternate years, classes in vocal sight reading and choir
drill. Students who have suflGlcient musical experience are given
47 (119)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
opportunity for practice in choir direction 'or organ playing. An-
them selection and study. One hour weekly throughout the year.
Open to students of all classes. Elective. Mr. Boyd.
D. The Cecilia Choir
The Cecilia is a mixed chorus of twenty-one voices, organized
in 1903 by Mr. Boyd to illustrate the work of the Musical Depart-
ment of the Seminary. It is in attendance every Monday evening at
the Senior Preaching Service to lead the singing and set standards for
the choir part of the service. During the year special programs of
Church music are given from time to time both in the Seminary
and in various city Churches. The Cecilia has attained much more
than a local reputation, especially for its performance of unaccom-
panied vocal music.
Christian Ethics and Sociology
Dr. Snowden, De. Faemee
61a. Christian Ethics. The Theory of Ethics considered con-
structively from the point of view 'of Christian Faith. One hour
weekly throughout the year. Seniors and graduates. Elective. Dr.
Snow den.
61b. The Social Teaching of the New Testament. This course
is based upon the belief that the teachings of the New Testament,
rightly interpreted and applied, afford ample guidance to the Chris-
tian Church in her efforts to meet the conditions and problems which
modern society presents. After an introductory discussion of the
social teaching of the Prophets and the condition and structure of
society in the time of Christ, the course takes up the teaching of
Jesus as it bears upon the conditions and problems which must be
met in the task of establishing the Kingdom of God upon the earth,
and concludes with a study of the application of Christ's teaching
to the social order of the Grseco-Roman world set forth in the Acts
and the Epistles. One hour weekly throughout the year. Seniors
and Graduates. Elective. Prof. Parmer.
Missions and Comparative Religion
Dr. Kelso, De. Cuij::ey
The Edinburgh Missionary Council suggested certain special
studies for missionary candidates in addition to the regular Semi-
nary curriculum. These additional studies were Comparative Re-
ligion, Phonetics, and the History and Methods of Missionary
Enterprise. Thorough courses in Comparative Religion and Pho-
netics have been introduced into the curriculum, while a brief lecture
course on the third subject is given by various members of the
faculty. It is the purpose of the institution to develop this depart-
ment more fully.
63. Modern Missions. A study of fields and modern methods;
each student is required either to read a missionary biography tor
48 (120)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
to investigate a missionary problem. One hour weekly, first sem-
ester. Elective. Seniors and Graduates.
64. Iiectures on Missions. In addition to the instruction regu-
larly given in the department of Church History, lectures on Missions
are dedivereed from time to time by able men who are practically fa-
miliar with th'6 work. The students have been addressed during
the past year by several returned missionaries.
65. Comparative Religion. A study of the origin and develop-
ment of religion, with special investigation lof Primitive Religion,
Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Islam with regard to their
bearing on Modern Missions. Two hours weekly. Offered in alter-
nate years. (1921-22). Elective. Open to Middlers, Seniors, and
Graduates. Prof. Kelso.
68. Phonetics. A study of phonetics and the principles of
language with special reference to the mission field. One hour
weekly throughout the year. (1921-22.) Elective. Open to all
classes. Prof. Culley.
7b. Elementary Arabic. (See p. 39).
Religious Education
Dr. Snowdbn, Dr. Farmer, Dr. Vance
The purpose of these courses is to give the student a knowl-
edge of the principles and methods lof religious education. The
field that is covered includes the psychological and pedagogical as-
pects of the subject as well as the organization, principles, and
methods of the Sunday School. Those who desire to specialize still
further in this department have access to the courses in Pedagogy
and Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh.
70. Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence. Principles of
psychology as applied to the mental and moral development of child-
hood and youth, with special reference to the problems of adoles-
cence. One hour weekly throughout the year. Juniors. Required.
Prof. Snowden.
71. Organization and Administration of Religious Education.
This course is designed to comprehend not lonly the organization
and operation lof the Sunday School within the individual church,
but all organized activities in the community which look toward
religious and moral education. One hour weekly throughout the
year. Middlers. Required. Prof. Farmer.
72. Principles and Methods. An application of the principles
and methods of general pedagogy to Religious Education. Two
hours weekly second semester. Seniors and Graduates. Elective.
Prof. Vance.
41b. The Psychology of Religion (see p. 45).
CURRICULUM COURSES IN OUTLINE
Junior Class
1. Hebrew Grammar
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
Prof, Culley 4 hours*
♦Unless otherwise indicated courses continu'e throughout the
year.
49 (121)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
8b. History of the Hebrews
Wednesday, Thursday
Prof. Kelso 2 hrs, 2nd Sem.
14. New Testamenjt Greek
Tuesday, Thursday
Mr. Eakin 2 hrs. 2nd Sem.
22. New Testament Introduction
Wednesday, Thursday
Mr. Eakin 2 hrs, 1st Sem.
16. Life of Christ
Tuesday, Saturday
Prof. Vance 2 hrs.
30'. Church History
Friday, Saturday
Prof. Schaff 2 hrs.
37-38. Theology Proper and Apologetics
Tuesday, Wednesday
Prof. Snowden 2 hrs.
43. Public Worship
Friday
Prof. Farmer 1 hr. 1st Sem.
45. Introduction to Homiletics
Friday
Prof. Farmer . 1 hr. 2nd Sem.
70. Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence
Thursday
Prof. Snowden 1 hr.
42. Hyninology
Tuesday
Mr. Bioyd 1 hr. 1st Sem.
53. Hymn Tunes
Tuesday
Mr. Boyd 1 hr. 2nd Sem.
50. Vocal Technique
Friday
Prof. Sleeth 1 hr.
Middle Class
3. Old Testament Exegesis
Tuesday, Wednesday
Prof. Culley 2 hrs.
8b. History of ithe Hebrews
Wednesday, Thursday
Prof. Kelso 2 hrs. 2nd Sem.
13. New Testament Greek
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
Mr. Eakin 4 hrs. 1st, 3 hrs. 2nd Sem.
50 (122)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
20. New Testament Exegesis
"Wednesday, Thursday
Prof. Vance 2 hrs.
17. Firsit Century Christianity
Friday, Saturday
Prof. Eakin 2 hrs. 1st Sem.
31. Church History
Tuesday, Thursday, Friday
Prof. Schaff 3 hrs.
39. Theology Proper
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday
Prof. Snowden 3 hrs.
46. Homiletics
Tuesday, Wednesday
Prof. Farmer 2 hrs. 1st, 1 hr. 2nd Sem.
60. Administration
Wednesday
Prof. Farmer 1 hr. 2nd Sem.
71. Religious Education: Organization, etc.
Thursday
Prof. Farmer 1 hr.
54. Practical Church Music
Tuesday
Mr. Boyd 1 hr.
51. Oi-al Interpretation of the Scriptures
Wednesday
Prof. Sleeth Elective 1 hr.
Senior Class
11. Old Testament Prophecy
Thursday, Friday
Prof. Kelso 2 hrs.
26. New Testament Theology
Thursday, Friday
Prof. Vance 2 hrs.
20. New Testament Exegesis
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Vance 2 hrs.
47. Advanced Homiletics
Tuesday
Prof. Farmer 1 hr.
57. Pastoral Care
Wednesday
Prof. Farmer 1 hr.
Electives from which Seniors must select at least eight hours.
51 (123)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
2a. Rapid Reading of I Samuel or Judges
Hours to be arranged
Prof, Culley 2 hrs. 1st Sem.
2b. Rapid Reading of Minor Prophets
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Culley 2 hrs 2nd Sem.
7a. Biblical Aramaic
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Culley
7b. Elementary Arabic
Hours to be arranged
Prof, Culley
7c. Elementary Assyrian
Hours to be arranged
Prof, Kelso
4. Exegetical Study of the Psalter
Saturday
Prof. Culley 1 hr.
5. Exegeitical Study of Isaiah
Wednesday
Prof. Kelso (1923-24) 1 br.
6. Proverbs and Job Interpreted
Hours to be arranged
Prof, Kelso (1922-23)
9. Hexateuchal Criticism
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Kelso 1 br. 2nd Sem.
lOi. Critical Study in English of the Psalter and Wisdom Literature
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Kelso (1923-24) 1 hr. 2nd Sem,
12. The Canon and Text of the Old Testament
Hours to be arranged
Prof, Culley 2 hrs. 1st Sem.
25. Old Testament Theology
Thursday, Friday
Prof, Kelso (1923-24) 2 hrs,
67. Biblical Apocalyptic
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Kelso (1923-24) 1 hr.
69. Critical Study of Genesis in English
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Kelso (1921-22) 2 hrs. one Sem.
14a. Rapid Reading of New Testament Greek
Hours to be arranged
Mr. Eakin (1922-23) 2 hrs. 1st Sem.
23. New Testament Introduction
Hours to be arranged
Mr. Eakin (1922-23) 2 hrs. 2nd Sem.
52 (124)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
21. The Pastoral Epistles in Greek
Hours to be arranged
Mr, Eakin (1923-24) 2 hrs. 1st Sem.
19b. The Fourth Gospel
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Vance (1922-23) 2 hrs. 1st Sem.
24. James and I Peter
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Vance (1922-23) 2 hrs, 2nd Sem.
24a. I Corinthians
Hours to be arranged
Prof Vance (1923-24) 2 hrs. 1st Sem.
24b. Ephesians and Colossians
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Vance (1923-24) 2 hrs. 2nd Sem.
27. Mark's Gospel and Preaching
Hours to be arranged
Mr. Eakin (1921-22) 2 hrs. 2nd Sem.
28. A Critical, Homiletical Study of Galatians
Hours to be arranged
Mr, Eakin (1923-24) 2 hrs, 2nd Sem,
32. History of the Reformation
Tuesday, Wednesday
Prof. Schaff 2 hrs. 1st Sem.
33. Modem Church History
Tuesday, Wednesday
Prof. Schaff 2 hrs. 2nd Sem.
34. American Church History
Thursday, Friday
Prof. Schaff 2 hrs. 2nd Sem.
36. History of Pi'esbyterianism
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Schaff
41a. Philosophy of Religion
Tuesday
Prof. Snowden 1 hr.
41b. Psychology of Religion
Saturday
Prof. Snowden 1 hr.
52. Elocution
Tuesday
Prof. Sleeth 1 hr.
52a. Literary Appreciation
Thursday
Prof. Sleeth 1 hr.
55. Musical Appreciation
Tuesday
Mr. Boyd 1 hr.
56. Vocal Sight Reading
Tuesday
Mr. Boyd 1 hr.
53 (125)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
61a. Christian Ethics
Saturday
Prof. Snowden 1. hr.
61b. Social Teaching of the New Testament
Tuesday
Prof. Farmer 1 hr.
63. Modem Missions
Hours to be arranged
65. Comparative Religion
Thursday, Friday
Prof. Kelso (1921-22) 2 hrs.
68. Phonetics for Missionaries
Hour to be arranged
Prof. Culley (1921-22) 1 hr.
72. Principles and Methods of Religious Education
Hours to be arranged
Prof. Vance 2 hrs. 2nd Sem.
Reports to Presbyteries
Presbyteries having students under their care re-
ceive annual reports from the Faculty concerning the
attainments of the students in scholarship, and their at-
tendance upon the exercises of the Seminary.
Graduate Studies
The Seminary has the right to confer the degree of
Bachelor of Divinity. It will be bestowed on those stu-
dents who complete a fourth year of study.
This degree will be granted under the following con-
ditions :
(1) The applicant must have a Bachelor's de-
gree from a college of recognized standing.
(2) He must be a graduate of this or some
other theological seminary. In case he has gradu-
ated from another seminary, which does not require
Greek and Hebrew for its diploma, the candidate
must take in addition to the above requirements the
following courses: Hebrew, 1 and 3; New Testa-
ment, 13 and 14.
54 (126)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
(3) He must be in residence at this Seminary
at least one academic year and complete courses
equivalent to twelve hours per week of regular cur-
riculum work.
(4) He shall be required to devote two-thirds
of said time to one subject, which will be called a
major, and the remainder to another subject termed
a minor.
In the department of the major he shall be re-
quired to write a thesis of not less than 4,000 words.
The subject of this thesis must be presented to the
professor at the head of this department for ap-
proval, not later than November 15th of the aca-
demic year at the close of which the degree is to be
conferred. By April 1st, a typewritten copy of this
thesis is to be in the hands of the professor for ex-
amination. At the close of the year he shall pass a
rigid examination in both major and minor subjects.
(5) Members of the senior class may receive
this degree, provided that they attain rank '*A" in
all departments and complete the courses equivalent
to such twelve hours of curriculum work, in addition
to the regular curriculum, which twelve hours of
work may be distributed throughout the three years'
course, upon consultation with the professors. All
other conditions as to major and minor subjects,
theses, etc., shall be the same as for graduate stu-
dents, except that in this case students must elect
their major and minor courses at the opening of the
middle year, and give notice October 1st of that year
that they expect to be candidates for this degree.
Relations with University of Pittsburgh
The post-graduate courses of the University of Pitts-
burgh are open to the students of the Seminary. The
55 (127)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
A. M. degree will be conferred on students of the Sem-
inary who complete graduate courses of the University
requiring a minimum of three hours of work for two
years, and who prepare an acceptable thesis ; and, on ac-
count of the proximity of the University, all require-
ments for residence may be satisfied by those who desire
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
The following formal regulations have been adopted
by the Graduate Faculty of the University of Pittsburgh
with reference to the students of the Seminary who de-
sire to secure credits at the University.
1. That non-technical theological courses (i. e.,
those in linguistics, history. Biblical literature, and
philosophy) be accepted for credit toward advanced
degrees in arts and sciences, under conditions de-
. scribed in the succeeding paragraphs.
1 . 2. That no more than one-third of the total
number of credits required for the degrees of A. M.
or M. S. and Ph. D. be of the character referred to in
paragraph 1. In the case of the Master's degree,
this maximun credit can be given only to students in
the Western Theological Seminary and the Pitts-
burgh Theological Seminary.
3. That the acceptability of any course offered
for such credit be subject to the approval of the
Council. The Council shall, as a body or through
a committee, pass upon (1) the general merits of
the courses offered; and (2) their relevancy to the
major selected by the candidate.
4. That the direction and supervision of the
candidate's courses shall be vested in the University
departments concerned.
5. That in every case in which the question of
the duplication of degree is raised, by reason of the
candidate's offering courses that have already been
credited toward the B. D. or other professional de-
gree in satisfaction of the requirements for advanced
56 (128)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
degrees in arts and sciences, the matter of accepta-
bility of such courses shall be referred to a special
committee consisting of the head of the department
concerned and such other members of the Graduate
Faculty as the Dean may select.
6. That the full requirements as regards resi-
dence, knowledge of modem languages, theses, etc.,
of the University of Pittsburgh be exacted in the
case of candidates who may take advantage of these
privileges. In the case of the Western Theological
Seminary and the Pittsburgh Theological Seminary,
this paragraph shall not be interpreted to cancel
paragraph 2, that a maximum of one-third of the
total number of credits for the Master's degree may
be taken in the theological schools.
The minimum requirement for the Master's degree
is the equivalent of twelve hours throughout three terms,
or what we call thirty-six term hours. According to the
above resolutions a minimum of twenty-four term hours
should be taken at the University.
Fellowships and Prizes
1. Fellowships paying $500 each are assigned upon
graduation to the two members of the senior class who
have the best standing in all departments of the Semi-
nary curriculum, but to no one falling below an average
of 8.5. It is offered to those who take the entire course of
three years in this institution. The recipient must
pledge himself to a year of post-graduate study at some
institution approved by the Faculty. He is required to
furnish quarterly reports of his progress. The money
will be paid in three equal installments on the first day
of October, January, and April. Prolonged absence
from the class-room in the discharge of eo^fra-seminary
duties makes a student ineligible for the fellowship.*
*0n account of lack of funds only one fellowship will be
awarded until further notice.
57 (129)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
2. The Michael Wilson Keith Memorial Homiletical
Prize of $100.00. This prize was founded in 1919 by the
Keith Bible Class of the First Presbyterian Church of
Coraopolis, Pa., by an endowment of two thousand
dollars in memory of the Eev. Michael Wilson Keith,
D. D., the founder of the class, and pastor of the church
from 1911 to 1917. This foundation was established in
grateful remembrance of his service to his country as
Chaplain of the 111th Infantry Regiment. He fell while
performing his duty at the front in France. It is
awarded to a member of the senior class who has spent
three years in this Seminary and has taken the highest
standing in the department of homiletics. The winner
of the prize is expected to preach in the First Presby-
terian Church of Coraopolis and teach the Keith Bible
Class one Sunday after the award is made.
3. A prize in Hebrew is offered to that member of
the junior class who maintains the highest standing
in this subject throughout the junior year. The prize
consists of a copy of the Oxford Hebrew-English Lexi-
con, a copy of the latest English translation of Gesenius-
Kautzsch's Hebrew Grammar, or a copy of Davidson's
Hebrew Syntax, and a copy of the Hebrew Bible edited
by Kittel.
4. All students reaching the grade *'A" in all de-
partments during the junior year will be entitled to a
prize of $50, which will be paid in four installments in
the middle year, provided that the recipient continues
tu maintain the grade *'A" in all departments during the
middle year. Prizes of the same amount and under
similar conditions will be available for seniors, but no
student whose attendance is unsatisfactory will be eli-
gible to these prizes.
5. In May, 1914, Miss Anna M. Reed, of Cross
Creek, Pa., established a scholarship with an endowment
of three thousand dollars, to be known as the Andrew
Reed Scholarship, with the following conditions: The
58 (130)
TJie Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
income of this scholarship to be awarded to the student
who upon entering shall pass the best competitive exam-
ination in the English Bible; the successful competitor
to have the use of it throughout the entire course of
three years provided that his attendance and class stand-
ing continue to be satisfactory.*
6. In February 1919 Mrs. Kobert A. Watson, of
Columbus, Ohio, established a prize with an endowment
of one thousand dollars, to be known as the John Watson
Prize in New Testament Greek.*
7. In September 1919 Mrs. Robert A. Watson, of
Columbus, Ohio, established a prize with an endowment
of one thousand dollars, to be known as the William B.
Watson Hebrew Prize.*
8. In July 1920, Mrs. Robert A. Watson, of Colum-
bus, Ohio, with an endowment of $1,000, established the
Joseph Watson Greek Prize, to be awarded to the stu-
dent who passes the best examination in classical Greek
as he enters the junior class of the Seminary.*
9. At their ten-year reunion (May 1921), the class
of 1911 raised a fund of one hundred dollars, to be
offered as a prize by the faculty to the member of the
senior class (1922) who has maintained the highest
standing in the Greek language and exegesis during the
three years of his course. This prize will be awarded at
the Commencement in 1922.
10. Two entrance prizes of $150 each are offered by
the Seminary to college graduates presenting themselves
for admission to the junior class. The scholarships mil
be awarded upon the basis of a competitive examination
subject to the following conditions :
(I) Candidates must, not later than September
first, indicate their intention to compete, and such state-
ment of their purpose must be accompanied by certifi-
*The income from this fund is not available at present.
59 (131)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
cates of college standing and mention of subjects elected
for examination.
(II) Candidates must be graduates of high stand-
ing in the classical course of some accepted college or
university.
(III) The examinations will be conducted on
Thursday, Friday, and Saturday of the opening week of
the first semester.
(IV) The election of subjects for examination shall
be made from the following list: (1) Classical Greek
— Greek Grammar, translation of Greek prose, Greek
composition; (2) Latin — Latin Grammar, translation of
Latin prose, Latin composition; (3) Hebrew — Hebrew
Grammar, translation of Hebrew prose, Hebrew composi-
tion; (4) German — translation of German into English
and English into German; (5) French — ^translation of
French into English and English into French; (6) Philo-
sophy— (a) History of Philosophy, (b) Psychology,
(c) Ethics, (d) Metaphysics; (7) History — (a) Ancient
Oriental History, (b) Graeco-Roman History to A. D.
476, (c) Medieval History to the Reformation, (d)
Modern History.
(V) Each competitor shall elect from the above
list four subjects for examination, among which subjects
Greek shall always be included. Each division of Phil-
osophy and History shall be considered one subject. No
more than one subject in Philosophy and no more than
one subject in History may be chosen by any one candi-
date.
(VI) The awards of the scholarships will be made
to the two competitors passing the most satisfactory ex-
aminations, provided their average does not fall below
ninety per cent. The payment will be made in two in-
stallments, the first at the time the award is made, and
the second on April 1st. Failure to maintain a high
standard in classroom work or prolonged absence will
60 (132)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
debar the recipients from receiving the second install-
ment.
The intention to compete for the prize scholarships
shonld be made known, in writing, to the President.
Donations and Bequests
All donations or bequests to the Seminary should be
made to the ''Trustees of the Western Theological Sem-
inary of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of
America, located in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania."
The proper legal form for making a bequest is as follows :
I hereby give and bequeath to the Trustees of the
Western Theological Seminary, of the Presbyterian
Church in the United States of America, incorporated
in the State of Pennsylvania, the following : —
Note: — If the person desires the Seminary to get the
full amount designated, free of tax, the following state-
ment should be added : — The collateral inheritance tax to
be paid out of my estate.
In this connection the present financial needs of the
Seminary may be arranged in tabular form :
Chair of Apologetics $100,000
Apartment for Professors 100,000
Chair of Missions 100,000
Museum of Missions and Biblical Antiquities 25,000
Library Fund 30,000
Two Fellowships, $10,000 each 20,000
The Memorial idea may be carried out either in the
erection of one of these buildings or in the endowment of
any of the funds. During the past ten years the Sem-
inary has made considerable progress in securing new
equipment and additions to the endowment funds. One
of the recent gifts was that of $100,000 to endow the
President's Chair. This donation was made by the Rev.
Nathaniel W. Conkling, D. D., a member of the class of
1861. In May, 1912, the new dormitory building, costing
$146,097, was dedicated, and four years later. May 4,
61 (133)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
1916, Herron Hall and Swift Hall, the north and sonth
wings of the new quadrangle, were dedicated. During
this period the Seminary has also received the endow-
ment of a missionary lectureship from the late Mr. L. H.
Severance, of Cleveland; and, through the efforts of Dr.
Breed, an endowment of $15,000 for the instructorship
in music; as well as eight scholarships amounting to
$22,331.10.
In the year 1918, a lectureship was established
by a gift of $5,000 from Mrs. Janet I. Watson, of Colum-
bus, Ohio, in memory of her husband Kev. Robert A.
Watson, a member of the class of 1874. Mrs. Watson has
also founded the James L. Shields Book Purchasing
Memorial Fund, with an endowment of $1,000, in memory
of her father, the late James L. Shields of Blairsville
Pennsylvania.
During the year 1919 Mrs. Watson established two
prizes, each with an endowment of $1,000: (1) The John
Watson Prize in New Testament Greek, in memory of her
husband's father. Rev. John Watson; (2) The Rev.
William B. Watson Hebrew Prize, in memory of Rev.
William B. Watson, a member of the class of 1868 and a
brother of Rev. Robert A. Watson.
Also during this year the Michael Wilson Keith
Memorial Homiletical Prize of $100 was founded by the
Keith Bible Class of the First Presbyterian Church of
Coraopolis, Pa., by an endowment of two thousand
dollars in memory of the Rev. Michael Wilson Keith,
D. D., the founder of the class and pastor of the church
from 1911-1917. This foundation was established in
grateful remembrance of Dr. Keith's service to his coun-
try as Chaplain of the 111th Infantry Regiment. He fell
while performing his duty at the front in France.
In December, 1919, a friend of the Seminary, by a
contribution of $2,500 established a Students' Loan and
Self-help Fund. The principal is to be kept intact and
62 (134)
HERRON HALL
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the income is available for loans to students which may
be repaid after graduation.
In July, 1920, Mrs. R. A. Watson established, with
an endowment of $1,000, the Joseph Watson Greek Prize,
in memory of her husband's youngest brother.
In Nov. 1919 a member of the Board made a contri-
bution of ten thousand dollars to the endowment fund.
During the same year one of the holders of annuity
bonds cancelled them to the sum of $7,500. In addition
a legacy of $25,000 was received from the Estate of
James Laughlin, Jr.
At their ten-year reunion (May 1921), the Class of
1911 raised a fund of one hundred dollars, to be offered
as a prize by the faculty to the member of the senior class
(1922) who has maintained the highest standing in the
Greek language and exegesis during the three years of
his course. This prize will be awarded at the Commence-
ment 1922.
The whirlwind campaign of October 24 — November
3, 1913, resulted in subscriptions amounting to $135,000.
This money was used in the erection of the new Admin-
istration Building, to take the place of Seminary Hall.
A friend of the Seminary has subscribed $50,000 for the
erection of a chapel; as soon as conditions in the busi-
ness world become more normal, the chapel will be
erected according to plans already adopted. During the
past three years the debt of $88,000, incurred in the erec-
tion of Memorial Hall and Herron and Swift Halls, has
been reduced to $27,000. Attention is called to the
special needs of the Seminary — the endowment of ad-
ditional professorships and the completion of the build-
ing program.
Lists of Scholarships
1. The Thomas Patterson Scholarship, founded in 1829, by-
Thomas Patterson, of Upper St. Clair, Allegheny County, Pa.
2. The McNeely Scholarship, founded by Miss Nancy McNeely, of
Steubenville, Ohio.
63 (135)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
3. The Dornan Scholarship, founded by James Dornan, of Wash-
ington County, Pa.
4. The O'Hara Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Harmar Denny, of
Pittsburgh, Pa.
5. The Smith Scholarship, founded by Robin Smith, of Allegheny
County, Pa.
6. The Ohio Smith Scholarship, founded by Robert W. Smith, of
Fairfield County, O.
7. The Dickinson Scholarship, founded by Rev. Richard W. Dick-
inson, D.D., of New York City.
8. The Jane McCrea Patterson Scholarship, founded by Joseph
Patterson, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
9. The Hamilton Scott Easter Scholarship, founded by Hamilton
Easter, of Baltimore, Md.
10. The Corning Scholarship, founded by Hanson K. Corning, of
New York City.
11. The Emma B. Corning Scholarship, founded by her husband,
Hanson K. Corning, of New York City,
12. The Susan C. Williams Scholarship, founded by her husband,
Jesse L. Williams, of Ft. Wayne, Ind.
13. The Mary P. Keys Scholarship, No. 1, founded by herself.
14. The Mary P. Keys Scholarship, No. 2, founded by herself.
15. The James L. Carnaghan Scholarship, founded by James L.
Carnaghan, of Sewickley, Pa.
16. The A. M. Wallingford Scholarship, founded by A. M. Walling-
ford, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
17. The Alexander Cameron Scholarship, founded by Alexander
Cameron, of Allegheny, Pa.
18. The "First Presbyterian Church of Kittanning, Pa." Scholar-
ship.
19. The Rachel Dickson Scholarship, founded by Rachel Dickson,
of Pittsburgh, Pa.
20. The Isaac Cahill Scholarship, founded by Isaac Cahill, of Bu-
cyrus, O.
21. The Margaret Cahill Scholarship, founded by Isaac Cahill, of
Bucyrus, O.
22. The "H. E. B." Scholarship, founded by Rev. Charles C. Beatty,
D.D., LL.D., of Steubenville, O.
23. The "C. C. B." Scholarship, founded by Rev. Charles C. Beatty,
D.D., LL.D., of Steubenville, O.
24 The Koonce Scholarship, founded by Hon. Charles Koonce, of
Clark, Mercer County, Pa.
25. The Fairchild Scholarship, founded by Rev. Elias R. Fair-
child, D.D., of Mendham, N. J.
26. The Allen Scholarship, founded by Dr. Richard Steele, Execu-
tor, from the estate of Electa Steele Allen, of Auburn, N. Y.
27. The "L. M. R. B." Scholarship, founded by Rev. Charles C.
Beatty, D.D., LL.D., of Steubenville, O.
64 (136)
A VIEW OF THE PARK FROM THE QUADRANGLE
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
28. The "M. A. C. B." Scholarship, founded by Rev. Charles C.
Beatty, D.D., LL.D., of Steubenville, O.
29. The Sophia Houston Carothers Scholarship, founded by herself.
30. The Margaret Donahey Scholarship, founded by Margaret
Donahey, of Washington County, Pa.
31. The Melanchthon W. Jacobus Scholarship, founded by will of
his deceased wife.
32. The Charles Burleigh Conkling Scholarship, founded by his
father. Rev. Nathaniel W. Conkling, D.D., of New York City.
33. The Redstone Memorial Scholarship, founded in honor of Red-
stone Presbytery.
34. The John Lee Scholarship, founded by himself.
35. The James McCord Scholarship, founded by John D. McCord, of
Philadelphia, Pa.
36. The Elisha P. Swift Scholarship.
37. The Gibson Scholarship, founded by Charles Gibson, of Law-
rence County, Pa.
38. The New York Scholarship.
39. The Mary Foster Scholarship, founded by Mary Foster, of
Greensburg, Pa.
40. The Lea Scholarship, founded in part by Rev. Richard Lea and
by the Seminary.
41. The Kean Scholarship, founded by Rev. William F. Kean, of
Sewickley, Pa.
42. The Murry Scholarship, founded by Rev. Joseph A. Murry,
D.D., of Carlisle, Pa.
43. The Moorehead Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Annie C. Moore-
head, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
44. The Craighead Scholarship, founded by Rev. Richard Craig-
head, of Meadville, Pa.
45. The George H. Starr Scholarship, founded by Mr. George H.
fftarr, of Sewickley, Pa.
46. The William R. Murphy Scholarship, founded by William R.
Murphy, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
47. The Mary A. McClurg Scholarship, founded by Miss Mary A.
McClurg.
48. The Catherine R. Negley Scholarship, founded by Catherine R.
Negley.
49. The Jane C. Dinsmore Scholarship, founded by Jane C. Dins-
more.
50. The Samuel Collins Scholarship, founded by Samuel Collins.
51. The A. G. McCandless Scholarship, founded by A. G. McCand-
less, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
52-53. The W. G. and Charlotte T. Taylor Scholarships, founded by
Rev. W, G. Taylor, D.D.
54. The William A. Robinson Scholarship, founded by John F.
Robinson in memory of his father.
65 (137)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
55. The Alexander C. Robinson Scholarsliip, founded by John F.
Robinson in memory of his brother.
56. The David Robinson Scholarship, founded by John F. Robinson
in memory of his brother.
57-58. The Robert and Charles Gardner Scholarships, founded by
Mrs. Jane Hogg Gardner in memory of her sons.
59. The Joseph Patterson, Jane Patterson, and Rebecca Leech
Patterson Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Joseph Patterson,
of Philadelphia, Pa.
60. The Jane and Mary Patterson Scholarship, founded by Mrs.
Joseph Patterson.
61. The Joseph Patterson Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Joseph
Patterson.
62. The William Woodward Eells Scholarship, founded by his
daughter, Anna Sophia Eells.
*63. The Andrew Reed Scholarship, founded by his daughter, Anna
M. Reed.
64. The Bradford Scholarship, founded by Benjamin Rush Brad-
ford.
65. The William Irwin Nevin Scholarship, founded by Theodore
Hugh Nevin and Hannah Irwin Nevin.
Special Funds
The James L. Shields Book Purchasing Memorial Fund.
The James H. Lyon Loan Fund.
Students' Loan and Self-help Fund.
♦Special Prize Scholarship (vide p. 58).
Lectureships
The Elliott Lectureship. The endowment for this
lectureship was raised by Prof. Eobinson among the
alumni and friends of the Seminary as a memorial to
Prof. David Elliott, who served the institution from 1836
to 1874. Several distinguished scholars have delivered
lectures on this foundation : Rev. Professor Alexander
F. Mitchell, D. D., Principal Fairbairn, Rev. B. C. Henry,
D. D., Rev. J. S. Dennis, D. D., Prof. James Orr, D. D.,
Rev. Hugh Black, D. D., Rev. David Smith, D. D., Presi-
dent A. T. Ormond, and Rev. Prof. Samuel Angus, Ph. D.
The L. H. Severance Missionary Lectureship.
This lectureship has been endowed by the generous gift
66 (138)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
of the late Mr. L. H. Severance, of Cleveland, Ohio. The
first course of lectures on this foundation was given dur-
ing the term of 1911-12, by Mr. Edward Warren Capen,
Ph. D., of the Hartford School of Missions. His general
theme was ' * Sociological Progress in Mission Lands. ' '
The second course was given during the term of 1914-15
by the Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D. D. ; his subject was
' ' The Rising Churches in the Mission Field. ' ' The third
course was given during the term 1915-16, by the Rev.
S. G. Wilson, D. D. ; his subject was *' Modern Movements
among Moslems." The fourth course (postponed from
the term 1916-17) was given in October, 1917, by the Rev.
A. Woodruff Halsey, D. D. ; his subject was ''The Minis-
try and Missions." The fifth course was given in Janu-
ary, 1918, by the Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D. D., LL. D.,
C. I. E.; his subject was ''Some Developments of Religi-
ous Thought in India." The sixth course was given in
September, 1919, by the Rev. Robert F. Fitch, D. D. ;
the general theme of his lectures was "Aspects of Chris-
tion Missions in China."
The Robert A. Watson Memorial Lectureship.
This lectureship was endowed in May, 1918, by Mrs.
Janet I. Watson, of Columbus, Ohio, as a memorial to
her husband, Rev. Robert A. Watson, D. D., a graduate
of the Seminary class of 1874.*
Seminary Extension Lectures
In recent years a new departure in the work of the
Seminary has been the organization of Seminary Exten-
sion courses. Since the organization of this work the
following courses of lectures have been given in various
city and suburban churches :
(1) "The Sacraments," four lectures, by Rev.
David R. Breed, D. D., LL. D.
*Tlie income from this fund is not available at present.
67 (139)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
(2) ''Social Teaching of the New Testament,"
six lectures, by Rev. William R. Farmer, D. D.
(3) "Theology of the Psalter", four lectures, by
President Kelso.
(4) "Prophecy and Prophets", four lectures, by
President Kelso.
(5) "The Fundamentals of Christianity", five
lectures, by Rev. James H. Snowden, D. D., LL. D.
(6) "The Psychology of Religion," five lectures,
by Rev. James H. Snowden, D. D., LL. D.
(7) "The Personality of God", five lectures, by
Rev. James H. Snowden, D. D., LL. D.
(8) ' ' Crises in the Life of Christ", four lectures, by
Rev. Selby Frame Vance.
68 (140)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
ALUMNI ASSOCIATION
OFFICERS FOR 1921-22
President
The REV. SAMUEL BLACKER
Class of 1907
Vice-President
The REV. CHARLES N. MOORE
Class iof 1896
Secretary
The REV. THOS. C, PEARS, JR.
Class of 1910
Recording Secretary and Treasurer
The REV. R. H. ALLEN, D. D.
Class of 1900
EXECUTIVE COIMMITTEE
The REV. J. A. KELSO, Ph.D., D. D.
Class of 1896
The REV. S. B. McCORMICK, D. D., LL.D.
Class of 1890
The REV. J. S. AXTELL, Ph.D., D. D.
Class of 1874
The REV. U. S. GREVES
Class of 1895
The REV. W. S. BINGHAM
Class of 1908
The REV. W. A. JONES, D. D.
Class of 1889
NECROIiOGlCAIi COMMITTEE
The REV. c. s. McClelland, d. d.
The REV. J. A. KELSO, Ph.D., D. D.
69 (141)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
DIRECTORY
Assistant to Librarian .... A. L. Middler M
Director D President Pres.
Fellow F Professor Prof.
Graduate G Registrar R
Instructor I Secretary Sec.
Junior J Senior S
Lecturer Lee. Trustee T
Librarian L Visitor V
Acheson, Pres. J. C, LL.D D Woodland Road
Adams, Luella E V 108 Camp Ave., Braddock
Alexander, Rev. Maitland, D. D. . .D 920 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Anderson, Rev. T. B., D. D D. Beaver Falls, Pa.
Barbour, C. E S 718 N. St. Clair St.
Behrends, A. D M 216
Biddle, E. L J 304
Bingham, Rev. J. G F Mercer, Pa.
Boyd, Charles N 1 4259 Fifth Ave.
Brandon, W. D D Butler, Pa.
Breed, Rev. D. R., D. D., LL.D Prof 123 Dithridge St.
Bruce, Rev. J. C, D. D D.156 Fifth Ave., New York City
Campbell, R. D .T 6210 Walnut St.
Campbell, Rev. W. 0., D. D D Sewickley, Pa.
Carpenter, J. McF T Frick Annex
Christie, Rev. Robt., D. D., LL.D. Prof 1002 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Clemson, D. M T Carnegie Building
Cotton, J. M J 303
Cox, J. M M 205
Craig, Rev. W. R D Butler, Pa.
Crutchfield, J. S D 2034 Penn Ave.
CuUey, Rev. D. E., Ph. D Prof. & R. 1140 Pemberton Ave.,
N. S.
Curtiss, H. T J 317
De Prefontaine, C. L J 304
Dickson, C. A T 316 Fourth Ave.
Duff, Rev. J. M., D. D Sec. of D Carnegie, Pa.
Eakin, Rev. Frank I. & L 335 Forest Ave.,
Ben Avon, Pa.
Edwards, Geo. D T. .c/o Commonwealth Trust Co.
Ehmann, W. F J 218
70 (142)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Farmer, Rev. "W. R., D. D Prof.. . .1020 Western Ave., N. S.
Fisher, Rev. S. J., D. D Sec. of T. ... 5611 Kentucky Ave.
Fulton, A. F S Belle Vernon, Pa.
Galbraith, L. A S 302
Gibson, E. L S 306
Gibson, Rev. J. T., D. D D Rodgers Bldg., N. S.
Gregg, John R V-Pres. of T . . . . Woodland Road
Griffith, Rev. O. C G R. F. D., Ooraopolis, Pa.
Hamill, Daniel S. . 617 Gearing Ave,. Beltzhoover
Hanna, Chas. N D Bellefield Dwellings
Harbison, R. W D. & T Sewickley, Pa.
Haverfield, R. M J 218
Hays, Rev. C. C, D. D Pres. of D Johnstown, Pa.
Hazlett, C. H M 203
Herron, Joseph A T Monongahela City, Pa.
Higgins, Miss Sara M A. L Glenshaw, Pa.
Higley, Rev. A. P., D. D D. .2020 E 79th St., Cleveland, O.
Hilty, J. R J Library, Pa.
Hinitt, Rev. F, W., D. D D Indiana, Pa.
Hofmeister, R. C F Oakmont, Pa.
Holland, Rev. W. J., D. D D 5440 Forbes Ave.
Hudnut, Rev. Wm. H., D. D D Youngstown, Ohio
Hutchison, Rev. S. N., D. D T 5915 Wellesley Ave.
lUingworth, R. W J 841 N. Lincoln Ave., N. S.
Jackson, A.J J 305
Johnston, R. C J 317
Jones, Rev. W. A., D. D T 13 6 Orchard St.
*Kay, James I D 5545 Forbes St.
Kelso, Rev. J. A., Ph. D., D. D. . . Pres 725 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Kennedy, Rev. D. S., D. D D Witherspoion Bldg.,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Kerr, Rev. H. T., D. D D 827 Amberson Ave.
Lambert, G. R J 417 Burgess St., N. S.
Lemmon, L. N S 316
Logan, Geo. B D. & T. . . .1007 N. Lincoln Ave.,
N. S.
Luccock, Rev. G. N., D. D D Wooster, Ohio
Lyon, John G T Commonwealth Bldg.
McCammon, L. L M 204
McClintock, Oliver T . . . Ellsworth & Amberson Aves.
McCloskey, T. D D Oliver Bldg.
71 (143)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
McCormick, Rev. S. B., D. D D. . .c/o University of Pittsburgh
McCracken, A, V M Sewickley, Pa.
McEwan, Rev. W. L., D. D D 836 S. Negley Ave.
Marquis, Rev. J. A., D. D D Hendrick-Hudson Apts.,
W. llOth St., New York City
Martin, James M 206
Marvin, S. S T Bryn Mawr, Pa.
Mealy, Rev. J. M., D. D D Sewickley, Pa.
Mellin, W. C M 202
Merker, R. K S 1500 Beaver Ave., N. S.
Merwin, W. S J 303
Miller, J. F D 206 Waldorf St., N. S.
Miller, R. P F Cochranton, Pa.
Millinger, W. H S 5213 Friendship Ave.
Monroe, G. K J 820 N. Lincoln Ave., N. S.
Moore, Miss Laura M V 1316 Wood St.
Wilkinsburg, Pa.
Moser, W. L .F. & G Mars, Pa.
Murray, B. A S 202
Neal, S. G S 205
Owen, William M....82 Grant Ave., W. Etna, Pa.
Porter, R. W S 309
Post, H. P J 702 W. North Ave., N. S.
Potter, Rev. J. M., D. D D Wheeling, W. Va.
Rae, James D 801 Penn Ave.
Read, Miss Margaret M Sec. to Pres. . . .51 Chestnut St.,
Grafton, Pa.
Reif, Fred V 711 Sandusky St., N. S.
Rivard, E. A S 217
Roberts, R. L M 206
Robinson, A. C D. & T Sewickley, Pa.
Robinson, Rev. J. Millen, D. D . . . D Grove City, Pa.
Robinson, William M T Carnegie Bldg.
Say, Rev. D. L G Cross Creek, Pa.
Schaff, Rev. D. S., D. D Prof 737 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Semple, Rev. Samuel, D. D D Titusville, Pa.
Shaw, Wilson A D. & T. .c/o Bank of Pitts., N. A.
*Shrom, Rev. W. P., D. D D Coraopolis, Pa.
Sleeth, George M I. ..749 River Road, Avalon, Pa.
Slemmons, Rev. W. E., D. D D Washington, Pa.
Smith, Rev. J. Kinsey, D. D V.-Pres. of D. 308 East End Ave.
♦Deceased.
72 (144)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Snowden, Rev. J. H., D. D .Prof 723 Ridge Ave., N. S.
Snyder, Rev. P. W., D. D T 7325 Race St.
Spence, Rev. W. H., D. D D Uniontown, Pb,.
Stafford, Rev. H. E G. .725 Clinton PL, Bellevue, Pa.
Stanton, Rev. C. E G. ... 18 W. Mclntyre Ave., N. S.
Stevenson, Rev. W. P., D. D D Marysville, Tenn.
Swoyer, Rev, G. E .G 1112 High St., N. S.
Taylor, Rev. George, Jr., Ph. D. . .D Wilkinsburg, Pa.
Taylor, Rev. W. P G 315
Vance, Rev. S. F., D. D Prof 237 Highlands Ave.,
Ben Avon, Pa.
Wardrop, Robert T. . . .c/o Peoples National Bank
Warnshuis, P. L S 203
Walter, Deane C J 311
Weir, Rev. W. P., D. D D 17 N State St., Chicago, 111.
Wheeland, Rev. C. R F 4045 N. WheBler Ave.,
Chicago, 111.
Williams, C. E J Sewickley, Pa.
Willoughby, J. W S 302
Wimpelberg, Miss Lulu V 220 Main St., Arsenal Sta.
Wingert, Rev. R. D G Orville, Ohio
Wright, J. C J 306
Yarkovsky, John J 315
73 (145)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Index
Admission, Terms of 24
Alumni Association 69
Awards H
Bequests ^_:^ . . . .^^^^T-r^ • 61
Boarding .'77:~nr-r-r\ . . . .\ -.30
Book Purchasing Memorial Fund .X. 25
Buildings A- 19
Calendar 3
Cecilia Choir, The /. 48
Christian Work ./. 28
Conference • • 27
Courses of Study • • 37
Biblical Theology .^_^j^. 43
Christian Ethics 48
Church History 44
English Bible 43
Hebrew Language and O. T. Literature 39
Missions and Comparative Religion 48
New Testament Literature and Exegesis 41
Practical Theology, Department of 46
Homiletics, Pastoral Theology, Sacred Rhetoric, Elocution ....
Church Music, The Sacraments, Church Government
Religious Education 49
Semitic Languages
Sociology
Systematic Theology and Apologetics 45
Degree, Bachelor of Divinity 54
Dining Hall 22
Diplomas 37
Directors, Board of 6
Directory 70
Educational Advantages 32
Examinations 36
Expenses 30
Extension Lectures
Faculty 8
Committees of 9
Fellowships ] 57
Funds, Special 57
Gifts and Bequests 61
Graduate Students '. 36
Graduate Studies and Courses [ 54
Gymnasium 30
Historical Sketch 18
Lectures :
Elliott 66
Extension '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 67
On Missions i .!!!!!!!'. 66
L. H Severance '.'.66
Robert A Watson Memorial .67
List of 10
Library , 23
Loan Funds .32
Location !!!.'.'.'.! 18
Outline of Courses .'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 49
Physical Training !!!!!!! 30
Preaching Service . .'.'.27
Preaching Supply, Bureau of '. . . . .'.'.'.29
Presbyteries, Reports to ! . ! 54
Prizes 57
Religious Exercises .....!.! 27
Representation, College and State .'.'.'.16
Schedule of Lectures and Recitations .' ." 74
Scholarship Aid 31
Scholarships, List of 63
Seminary Year 36
Social Hall , 22
Student Organizations 17
Students, Roll of 12
Students from other Seminaries 36
Trustees, Board of 4
TJniversity of Pittsburgh, Relations with 55
Warrington Memorial Library
Y. M. C. A 28
Committees of 7 17
78 (150)
THE BULLETIN
OF THE
Western Theologieal SeminaFy
A Review Devoted to tlie Interests of
Tneological Education ,
Publishecl quarterly in January, April, July, and October, by tbe
Trustees of tbe Western Tbeological Seminary of tbe Presbyterian Cburcb
in tbe United States of America.
Edited by tbe President witb tbe co-operation of tbe Faculty.
Ol0nt^nt0
Page
Dante, 1321-1921 5
D. S. SchafE
The Lambeth Conference 24
Hugh T. Kerr
The Rolling Stone 40
George Taylor, Jr.
A Letter from China 46
Robert F. Fitch
Literature 51
Alumniana 60
Communications for the Editor and all business matters should be
addressed to
REV. JAMES A. KELSO,
731 Ridge Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
75 cents a year. Single Number 25 cents.
Each author is solely responsible for the views expressed in his artiecl.
Entered as second-class matter December 9, 1909, at the postofBce at Pittsburgh, Pa.
f North Diamond Station) under the act of August 24, 1912.
Press of
pittsburgh printing company
pittsburgh, pa,
1922
Faculty
The Rev. JAMES A. KELSO, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President and Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature
The Nathaniel W. Conkling Foundation
The Rev. ROBERT CHRISTIE, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Apologetics
The Rev. DAVID RIDDLE BREED, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Homiletics
The Rev. DAVID S. SCHAFF, D. D.
Professor of Ecclesiastical History and History of Doctrine
The Rev. WILLIAM R. FARMER, D. D.
Reunion Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution
The Rev. JAMES H. SNOWDEN, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Systematic Theology
The Rev. SELBY FRAME VANCE, D. D., LL. D.
Memorial Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. DAVID E. CULLEY, Ph. D.
Associate Professor of Hebrew
I
The Rev. FRANK EAKIN, B. D.
Instructor in New Testament Greek and Librarian
Prof. GEORGE M. SLEETH
Instructor in Elocution
Mr. CHARLES N. BOYD
Instructor in Music
3 (153)
I
The Bui lei in
— ol me —
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
V01.UME XIV. Aprii,, 1922. No. 3
Dante, 1321 - 1921
Professor David S. Scliaff, D. D.
No name is quite so closely identified with Italy as
the name of Dante Alighieri, and of all religious poets
outside the sacred Psalmist Dante belongs most to the
world. He died in 1321, six hundred years ago. In com-
memorating the six hundredth anniversary of his death,
this seminary is uniting with many institutions in differ-
ent countries.*
Dante's spirit was Italian. His description of what
he witnessed in hell and heaven and purgatory concern
all men. His own people he put under a perpetual debt by
making the Italian tongue the vehicle of high thought,
as Luther put his people under a perpetual debt by fix-
ing the idiom of the German language in his translation
of the Bible. Dante was the precursor of the era of
culture and investigation known as the Eenaissance.
With Petrarch and Boccaccio, his juniors in age and
genius, he revived the study of man and man's history
and gave to the study of earthly things its proper place.
He helped to open the era of criticism by the freedom
with which he dealt with popes and cardinals, monks
and nuns. The priest had excommunicated princes;
*An address delivered in the Chapel of the Western Theologi-
cal Seminary, Jan. 18, 1922.
5 (155)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Dante, a layman, dared to sit in judgment on pontiffs and,
against all the canonical proprieties, he consigned some
of them to pm-dition.
On the 'other hand, Dante belongs to all the ages.
He went beyondrthat which was provincial. He walked
in the paths of his own age bnt made a journey into the
realm of the eternal ages which sooner or later all men
must enter. The panorama of the spiritual world which
he portrays belongs to no one generation. The drama
he depicts concerns man in all generations. Like the
climbing of some mountains, the study of the Divina
Commedia is an arduous task. But persisted in, the in-
terest in the poet and the poem easily develops into a
passion.
Of Dante's parental home and early training our
knowledge is scant. Nor does the little we know give any
explanation of the poet's later career. His father died
when he was young. The teacher of his youth whom he
names, Brunetto Latini, the pupil met in hell — a strange
anomaly seeming to indicate something almost abnor-
mal in the spiritual process of the poet. The pupil re-
cognized Brunetto behind ''his parched looks, smirched
with fire". Dante pursued studies at Italian univer-
sities, was in Paris, and may even have visited Oxford.
When he was nine years old he saw Beatrice, several
months his junior. After Beatrice's death he married.
That was in 1292, when he was twenty-five. To his
wife and children there seem to be no allusions in his
great poem.
Public life had much attraction for Dante. He en-
tered into the violent political discussions which at that
time were rending his native city, Florence. As things
went, Florence, like the Italian cities further north, if
not captivated by theories of democracy, was at least ex-
perimenting with them. It had excluded the grandees
from public position and confined the privilege of hold-
ing office to members of the seven avocations, one of
which, the medical craft, Dante joined. He was elected
6 (156)
Dante, 1321-1921
to municipal office and seems to have represented his city
abroad, as notably in the embassy to the papal court of
Boniface VIII. There is every reason to believe that he
was a fiery and uncompromising partisan. In the deadly
feud which broke out between families and parties, Dante
espoused the cause of the losing faction, and in 1301 was
sent into exile, with the added sentence that, in case
he dared to reenter Florence, he should be burnt alive.
Never again, after 1301, did Dante walk the streets of
his native city. For twenty years he wandered to and fro
in Italy like a bark, as he said, '' Without rudder and
sails" and "going up and down other men's stairs'*.
He was much in Verona and found a last refuge in Ra-
venna, where his dust reposes to this day — still an exile
from Florence. Dante, Florence banished; Savonarola,
it burnt. Perpetual honors awaited the exile's memory.
A few years after his death commentaries began to be
written on his chief literary production. In 1373 Flor-
ence created a professorship for its study with Boccac-
cio as first incumbent. Within a century of the poet's
death, Bologna, Venice, and Pisa had also dedicated
chairs to the same study.
The two decisive events in Dante's career were his
meeting with Beatrice and his exile from Florence. The
meeting with Beatrice awakened within him a burning
spiritual passion. His forced absence from his beloved
city, like Milton's blindness, confirmed him in profound
meditations upon the theory and vicissitudes of human
government and the appointments of man's lasting des-
tiny.
The age of Dante was the watershed between the
unquestioned system of mediaeval theology and the
modern method of thought, the dividing line between
the time when theology, based mainly upon processes of
reason, was the only theme worthy of pursuit and the
time when men began to open their eyes to the wonders
of the visible world and to study with absorbing interest
the activities of man in all fields and in all ages.
7 (157)
\e Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
len Dante was born, the firmament of orthodox
dogm^ was fixed. The two great Schoolmen, Thomas
Aquinas and Bonaventura, were still living. In the do-
main of^^eology there seemed nothing left to be said.
The future world had been mapped out with precision
and mortals here below distinguished with equal preci-
sion into two classes, the faithful and the heretical.
In another realm, the realm of the papacy, great
disaster had come during Dante's lifetime. Older than
the Schoolmen were the popes and older than Christian
theology was the papacy. The Apostolic See had fallen
from its high estate. The prestige it had won through
the defeat of the House of Hohenstauffen was lost un-
der Dante's own eye. The poet was thirty when Celestine
V abdicated the papal office after having in vain tried
to administer it. His successor, Boniface VIII, a reminis-
cence of great papal rulers, had dragged it into disgrace.
Dante had seen the residence of the popes removed
to the banks of the Rhone and had lived through the ad-
ministrations of two of the Avignon popes, — little more
than French court-bishops.
In the third realm, the realm of civil society, condi-
tions were most unsettled. Dante was more than an actor
in the government of his city. He dwelt upon the the-
ory of government, and, in his treatise entitled ''Mon-
archy", he distinguished clearly between the civil and
ecclesiastical spheres, and with arguments contended for
the independence of the imperial prerogative as in pre-
ceding centuries emperors had contended for it with the
sword. The corruption prevailing in the Church Dante
traced back to the intrusion of the papal power into the
civil domain and he dared to set aside the reputed gift
which Constantine made of the civil government of Rome
to Sylvester and his sucessors. In Milton's translation
his famous words run,
"Ah! Constantine of how much ill was cause
Not thy conversion but those rich domains
That tlie first wealthy pope received of thee."
Inferno 19:120
; 8 (168)
Dante, 1321-1921
Dante's treatise on government was burnt by John
XXII, reigning pontiff at the time of the author 's death,
and it remains on the papal index to this day.
Of the two leading experiences in Dante's life, the
more important Avas the meeting with Beatrice. Sel-
dom perhaps has mortal exercised upon mortal so com-
plete and benign an influence as the Florentine maiden
exercised upon Dante. Beatrice's personality continues
to be a subject of discussion. Was she a real being or
a symbolic representation? The great Dante students
with assurance hold the former view. The immediate
and ultimate meaning of Beatrice's entrance into the
sphere of Dante's thoughts and admiration, Uhland has
set forth in the opening lines of his beautiful poem. In
translation they run,
"Was it the gate of Florence city
Or gate of heaven itself
Where the joyous company met
On that clearest of Italian mornings?"
The poet continues,
"Dante, there a boy of nine
Stood beneath a laurel tree
Gazing upon purest face of maiden
In whom at once he saw his angel."
Dante saw Beatrice a second time and then no more on
earth. No words here below passed between them.
In his work, ''The New Life" — vita rniova- — the poet
described their meeting as children. "It was given to
me", he wrote, ''to behold the very wonderful vision
which I saw, things which determined me that I would
say nothing more of this blessed one until such time as
I could discourse of her more worthily. And to this end
I exert myself all I can, as she well knoweth whereof
if it be His will through whom is the life of all things,
that my life continue a few years longer, it is my hope
to write concerning her what hath not before been writ-
ten of woman and then to behold her." This purpose
Dante accomplished in the Divina Commedia.
After Beatrice's death, in 1290, Dante turned to the
9 (159)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
study of philosophy, giving himself up to the guidance
reason — an experience he set forth somewhat dimly
in his treatise "The Banquet" — il convito. The third
period of his life began with what Dante scholars are
accustomed to call Dante's conversion, when Dante, again
taking the hand of faith, followed divine revelation.
With the help of his own experience, the Divina Gomr-
media sets forth the meaning of earthly existence in the
light of the eternal destinies which he had witnessed in
his journey through the world of spirits. As a religi-
ous production, it adds nothing to the theological system
constructed by the Schoolmen. It is a faithful mirror
of mediaeval theology. On the other hand, its method
differs from the method of the Schoolmen. It is not a
body of speculation confirmed by reasoning processes:
it is a series of actual experiences in which the final
destinies of men are observed and the operation of Grod's
plan is set forth. The work is not a tragedy, for tragedy
ends with disappointment and disaster. Nor is it a
comedy in w^hich the sportive element has play. Follow-
ing the derivation of the word ''commedia", it is a vil-
lage song, a popular representation, as Dante himself de-
scribed it. In the work itself he calls it a " sacred poem ' ',
Paradiso 25 :1. Not till the Venice edition appeared
(1555) was it entitled ''The Divine Comedy". However,
three quarters of a century before, the title "divine"
had been coupled with the poet's name.
The Divine Comedy describes the three realms of
damnation, discipline, and bliss, into which, according
to the cosmography of the Schoolmen, the future world
is divided. The realms of damnation and bliss have no
ending : the realm of discipline will some day be emptied
and pass away. Thirty-three cantos are allotted to each
of the three domains, the first canto being an introduc-
tion to all that follows.
For the poet his production was not an intellectual
recreation; it was a solemn enterprise. It was not a
body of speculation ; it was an experience of things seen
10 (160)
Dante, 1321:1921
and felt. Dante had a moral aim, to induce men to fall
in with the appointments of God and, while the light of
the stars is given here, to walk in the glow of the ef-
fulgence which streams from the throne of God. In a let-
ter written to Can Grande, the poet himself sets forth as
his object to "withdraw from the state of sinning those
who live in the present life and to guide them to the
state of peace and bliss". The Divine Comedy was in
a sense a missionary effort, and in making it the poet
moved among the demortalized spirits of all ages, Pagan
as well as Christian, Hebrew as well as contemporary
Italian, devils as well as saints.
In entering upon his journey, Dante secured the
guidance of Virgil, whose ^neid the poet said he knew
by heart, — Virgil, who had foreseen the coming of a
Messiah, and the representative during the Middle Ages
of enlightened human reason. ' ' I, thy guide ' ', the M an-
tuan poet promised,
"Win lead thee hence through an eternal space
Where thou shalt hear despairing shrieks and see
A second death, and those next view, who dwell
Content in fire, for that they hope to come
Whene'er the time may be, among the blest."
Beyond the confines of purgatory Virgil could not go,
''debarred forever as a rebel from heaven".
The place from which Dante represents himself as
starting out was a dark forest,
"In the midst of this our mortal life
I found me in a gloomy wood, astray.
Gone from the path direct."
This forest, the recollection of which tilled him ' ' with dis-
may not far from death "^ stands for the poet's period
of doubt when, renouncing faith, he was under the con-
trol of philosophic speculation. Viewing with "fear the
straits that none hath passed and live" and, "as one es-
caped from sea to shore ' ', he was attempting to ' ' ascend ' '
when he was met by a panther, richly striped, a lion
hunger-mad, and a lean she-wolf, the three beasts con-
joined by Jeremiah (V :6). As he was about to be forced
11 (161)
The Bulletin of tUe Western Theological Seminary
back by them, Dante's eye caught sight of the shade of
Virgil to whom, weeping, he cried for help.
So in company the Pagan and the Christian poets
proceeded downwards through the domain of "doleful
lamentation", to take the prophet Micah's expression,
the land to which Job's words might be applied, "the
land of darkness as darkness itself without any order
and where the light is as darkness". Dante, who em-
ploys neither of these expressions, speaks of hell as the
realm of "the truly dead" and as the "dolorous king-
dom". As the two moved on, they kept always turning
to the left as later in the sphere of purgatory they kept
constantly turning to the right.
Could any writing be conceived more terrifying than
the inscription written over the gateway of hell?
"Through me you pass into the city of woe
Through me you pass into eternal pain
Through me among the people lost for aye; —
All hope abandon ye who enter here."
Lasciate ogni speransa, voi ch'entrate.
Dante's hell is funnel-shaped, growing smaller in cir-
CTimference as it descends from the earth's surface to
its centre. The other hemisphere of the earth was con-
ceived by the poet as having covered itself with water
when Lucifer was plunged down from heaven, the earth
trying to hide her shame. In this attempt a part of
the land shrank back and, pushing up, formed Mount Pur-
gatory.
The infernal cavity consists of nine circles, some
of them divided into wards. The sufferings endured by
the inmates increase with the descent. Here are crags
and steep declivities. Here are Charon and Minos, the
Minotaur and Geryon and Lucifer. Here are horned
devils with scourges, and serpents with venomous sting.
Pools of blood, lagoons of mire, and ponds of boiling
pitch interrupt the solid pavement. Here arise fetid ex-
halations, and plains are scorched and hot with fires that
never go out. Storms of hail beat, tempests of wind
12 (162)
Dante, 1321-1921
and hurricanes of flame. The unfortunate souls, multi-
tudes upon multitudes, in number such as gathered in
Rome in the Jubilee Year of 1300 appointed by Boniface
VIII — are always conscious and never masters of them-
selves. An unchangeable destiny holds them. Laments
and agonizing wails fill the dismal regions. Tears of
pain coursing do^\Ti the cheeks of the lost turn to blood
or ice. Hatred and merciless cruelty are in ceaseless
action. No ray of light enters. No' word of hope, no
whisper of peace interrupts the constant exercise of
malignity, agony and despair.
On this side of Acheron the poets found those whom
heaven could not receive and lowest hell was unwilling
to accept — the cowards, among them Celestine V. who,
in abdicating the papal office, had made the great refusal
— il grand refiuto. These unfortunates are drawn hither
and thither by a flag ever flapping and whirling about,
at the same time stung
"By wasps and hornets which bedewed their cheeks
With blood that, mixed with tears, dropped to their feet."
Ferried by Charon over the stream beyond which is
hell proper, Dante is appalled by the wild shriek of the
boatman warning the wicked spirits that they must aban-
don all hope of ever looking upon the sky and light again.
Charon's boat is always full. In the first region, limbo,
where the people of the Old Dispensation and John the
Baptist were detained until Christ's descent into hades,
are confined the entire heathen world, and all children
dying in infancy unbaptized are kept forever. The
mediaeval view made exception of only one Pagan, the
Emperor Trajan, who had been prayed out of hell by
Pope Gregory the Great. Because they ''had not servecl
God aright", Pagan poets and philosophers were there,
"Only so far afflicted that we live
Desiring without hope."
Among those whom Dante recognized were Aristotle and
Socrates and Plato, Seneca and Galen, Homer also
"the most cherished of the nine" whom Dante, how-
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The Bulletin of the WestemrTheological Seminary
ever, could not read for, like Petrarch, he knew no Greek.
As for the children who die nnbaptized, they suffer no
positive pain yet are they deprived through endless years
of the sight of God. This, the view of Augustine, was
adopted by all the Schoolmen. Perhaps it was to quiet
some troublesome doubts Dante had on this score that
in highest heaven he was reminded by St. Bernard that
"Without baptismal rites
In Christ accomplished, innocence herself
Must linger down below." Parad. 32:70.
The succeeding eight circles Dante found "each one full
of spirits accursed", each containing sinners of a kind;
in the second, third, fourth and fifth regions the lust-
ful, epicures and gluttons, the avaricious, the willfully
unconcerned and proud; and then in lower hell, in the
realm of Dis or Pluto, those who had sinned monstrously
against God, their neighbors or themselves, blasphemers,
tyrants, sorcerers, counterfeiters, makers of strife, sui-
cides, traitors; and in the lowest circle the arch-traitor
himself, Lucifer.
The punishments are accordant with the sins com-
mitted. The lustful are swept about in total darkness
by stormy blasts, their lusts burning and never satisfied
"The infernal hurricane that never rests
Hurtles the spirits onward in their rapine
Whirling them round and smiting them, it molests them
It hither, thither, upward, downward, drives them."
Gluttons and the covetous lie on the ground pelted with
storms of hail and foul water and bitten by Cerberus.
The proud with loud bowlings incessantly roll rocks with
their chests. Butting one against the other, the rocks
fall back and the process is gone over a^ain and again.
In this realm Dante again recognized cardinals and popes.
In the fifth circle are the unconcerned, besmirched with
mire and beating each other in rage, not only with their
hands, but with head and breast and feet, and cutting
each other piecemeal with their teeth ; or else submerged
beneath the lagoon, where they are known to be only by
their moans which gurgle forth.
14 (164)
Dante, 1321-1921
Further below in deeper hell the heretics are in-
terned in red hot tombs around which flames continually
play, their forms unseen but their wails emerging without
stop. To the visitors it is intimated that to the other tor-
ment of heretics is added the pain of knowing future
events without knowing anything of present happenings.
Here are the blasphemers who lie supine in a plain of
burning sand while sparks of flame, falling like flakes
of snow in the Alps, slowly descend upon their naked
bodies. Sorcerers and diviners, with their heads turned
about, walk to and fro without seeing where they go.
Counterfeiters and those guilty of barratry suffer
dropsy and quenchless thirst and are encased in pitch.
Simonists, who sell religious place and privilege for gold,
are sunk with their heads do^vnwards in holes while
the soles of their protruding feet are scorched with per-
petual flames. To their other agony is added the sting of
arrows shot by Centaurs. Among these last malefactors
Dante recognized Boniface VIII. No less than ten times
does the Divina Commedia heap reproof upon this pon-
tiff, who entered upon the papacy ''like a fox, reigned
like a lion, and died like a dog".
What more fearful can be imagined than the fate
of the hypocrites who have on leaden mantles and hoods
drawn down over their faces like the hoods worn by
monks of Cologne, mantles and hoods faced with dazzling
gold. As the poet watched them moving about ''with
steps exceedingly slow, weeping and in their aspect tired
and overcome", and compared their mantles with the
leaden cloaks with which Frederick II clothed traitors be-
fore they were burnt, he thought Frederick's cloaks Avere
as straw compared to the heavy mantles worn in hell. Inf.
23 :60. The ninth and last circle of the Inferno, enclosed
around with giants "half their length uprearing and
terrible", holds traitors who have betrayed their prince,
immersed in part or entire in a lake of ice. Encased up
to the loins Lucifer himself stands in that frozen Cocytus,
munching in his three-fold maw Judas, Brutus, and Cas-
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
sins, the three most depraved of traitors, whose tearp
turn to ice on their cheeks.
Lucifer, who ''scowled upon his Maker", as seen by
Dante, was ''as hideous now as he once was beautiful".
Dante's spirit of all evil and author of our misery is
ugliness mixed with stolid brutishness. Milton's Satan
is a different creation. His untamed ambition and un-
repentant defiance of heaven fairly awaken admiration
as he cries
"Better to rule in hell than reign in heaven".
In reading Milton one must be on his guard against
shouting bravo to one whose boldness and determina-
tion are not broken by the sentence of heaven and defeat.
Or, at least, one is almost inclined to question the justice
of the Most High in banishing to perpetual hell a figure
so well formed and an intellect so capable. Dante's
Satan is the embodiment of black malignity, from whom
Dante shranli with loathing and dread.
If comparison be made between the sacred poet of
Italy and the sacred poet of England, their method of
treatment will be found to differ as widely as the impres-
sions their descriptions make. Milton in his Paradise
Lost was looking, as it were, afar off at the perform-
ance of a distant tragedy when he depicted the fall of
Satan from heaven and the wiles he used in serpentine
form to compass the disaster of our first parents. Dante
mingled with the lost. He walked in hell. His feet
touched the slimy floors and scorching pavements of the
infernal regions. His eye beheld the serpents and the
devils. He looked upon their sluggish currents, upon
their pools thick with mire and blood. His ears heard
the wails of the hopeless sufferers. With his hands he
touched the hairy backs and arms of demons. He smelt
the fetid swamps and the fumes of burning flesh. Mil-
ton deals in lofty conceptions and records soliloquies.
Dante relates scenes he had witnessed and, with journal-
istic detail, reports conversations had between himself
16 (166)
Dante, 1321-1921
and Virgil as they walked together and between himself
and the lost.
Milton's Paradise Lost is the drama of revolt in hea-
ven, the temptation to which our first parents yielded,
their expulsion from the garden, and the temptation of
Christ. Dante's poem is an experience. Dante saw hell ;
he talked with the damned in hell; he felt hell. He
does not portray the processes going on in man's soul
giving way to temptation and rebelling against God ; he
depicts the punishment of sin. Evil, which is the abuse
of free will, the deliberate forfeiture of the .chief good,
is exhibited in the torments sinners endure. In Dante's
hell, although the poet does not quote Paul, you almost
hear Paul's words sounded forth
"And sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death".
Nor is hell so much a divine sentence as it is a
termination following sin, as a wound follows the blow-
The punishments are inevitable; they are according to
the nature of things. For evil committed and unrepented
of there could be no other destiny. One who walks with
Dante is not moved to ask the question whether the doom
of the lost is compatible with the goodness of the Creator.
The misery awakens no pity. From evil dispositions
nursed and persisted in, it followed infallibly. In hell
there is no desire to repent. If the despair is sullen,
it is sullen not because the decree is irrevocable but be-
cause the issue is the only one that could have been. As
irretrievably as the waters hurrying down in the river
dash into the pitiless Niagara gorge, do evil deeds in this
life hasten on to the pitiless doom of the dark and eter-
nal abyss. The solemn scenes which Dante saw, so the
tradition goes, left their mark on his face, and the
women on the streets of Verona, seeing him approach,
used to whisper 'Hhere goes the man who has been in
hell".
After hell came purgatory. Following a glimmer
of light shining through a narrow aperture, Dante and
Virgil made haste to escape from Lucifer's prison and
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I The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
to ''ascend towards the stars". The passage through
purgatory which was then begun is a constant ascent
along seven terraces, corresponding to the seven sins,
pride, envy, anger, unconcern, avarice, gluttony, and in-
continence. In contrast to these, as the Schoolmen
taught, Mary possessed seven opposing virtues. Pur-
gatory is the realm of discipline, and all who pass into
it finally reach heaven. In this realm there are no com-
plaints and no fear. The tears are tears of joy and grati-
tude. The material fires that play are penal flames.
They burn but do not consume "a hair of the head".
The joy of assured deliverance and of expectation is the
portion of all. Purification, as Dante put it, "rectifies
what the world makes crooked and depraved". It is
accomplished through disciplinary suffering and through
meditation upon the Ciareers of pure and virtuous peo-
ple. The suffering is welcome on account of the purpose
it serves. Songs of deliverance and gratitude fill the air
such as "Blessed are the Merciful" and "Glory to God
in the Highest". As Dante started on his pilgrimage
through this middle realm, his forehead was marked with
seven P's. the first letters of the Latin word for sins,
peccata. These P 's, one by one, were effaced as he passed
on from terrace to terrace.
Frequently the poet was given by the spirits in pur-
gatory messages for friends on earth intended for their
warning or encouragement. Addresses were also de-
livered to him on the perverted* civil and social conditions
of earth and the low state of the church. One of these
was on the fashions of Florence in which ho was urged
to warn the pulpit to speak out boldly to the unblushing
dames who "bared unhandkerchiefed bosoms to the com-
mon gaze".
Into the region beyond the purgatorial realm Virgil
could not go. Again and again he and Dante had con-
versed of Beatrice, and before they came to the end of
purgatory she appeared, her face covered with a veil.
"Come ye blessed of my Father" and "Blessed is he
18 (168)
Dante, 1321-1921
whose transgressions are hid" and other melodies had
already come floating down from the heavenly realm. As
Dante became aware of Beatrice's presence, every fibre
of his being quivered and the sentiment ' ' of love swayed
his soul as it had done in the years of the past, the days
of his childhood". "I am in sooth, — T am Beatrice", she
assured him.
In guiding Dante through the nine circles of heaven,
Beatrice kept her gaze fixed on the brightness of the ulti-
mate Empyrean, while he kept his vision on her. In these
domains Dante found the saints of all ages, distributed ac-
cording to their different grades of merited perfection, —
theologians and martyrs, monastics and mystics. Apos-
tles and Crusaders, the elect of the old dispensation and
the elect of the new dispensation. Among those whom
he recognized were the founders of the two mendicant
orders a century before : St. Francis, who appeared as
an Ardor, inflaming the world with love, and St. Dominic
as a Splendor filling it with light. He saw Charlemagne
and Godfrey of Bouillon. St. Thomas Aquinas explained
to him the mystery of creation. St. John discoursed with
him of love and the sufferings of Christ. SI . Peter con-
versed about the evil days into which the papacy had
come and denounced the usurper, Boniface VIII, — his
successor only in name, — who had made the place of
Christ's vicar void. In one of her conversations Bea-
trice castigated the preachers of Florence, who preached
not the "Book of God", but, by inventions of their o^Yn
and by gibes and jests, sought the applause of men.
Finally, unable to go beyond the ninth circle,
Beatrice put the poet in charge of St. Bernard and, leav-
ing him, took a seat just below Mary and Eve, Rachel
and Rebecca, and
"the gleaner maid
Meek ancestress of him who sang the songs
Of sore repentance in his sorrowful mood."
Bernard pointed out just above the ninth circle the Em-
pyrean, where dwell the persons of the Trinity, and thou-
sands of angels resplendent with brightness filled the
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
area with hallelujahs. In this, the highest part of para-
dise,, is
"a light whose goodly shine
Makes the Creator visible to all
Created that, in seeing him alone,
Have peace: and in a circle spreads so far
That the circumference were too loose a zone
To girdle in the sun."
To measure that celestial sphere, geometric science, such
as Dante was acquainted with, was inadequate. Strength
failed him to follow the towering fancy while "the will
Like a wheel kept ever in motion, impelled by the love that
moves the sun in heaven and all the stars". Such are
the concluding words of the Divina Commedia.
Turning away from the text of this wonderful ef-
fort of the imagination, we ask ourselves many questions.
How did mortal man dare to search out the abodes of
hell, ruminate in them, and locate his lost fellow^ men
doomed to endless punishment? How was it possible for
him to gaze upon their awful misery and report what he
saw and yet be a man with human sympathies? It is
true that here and there in his journeyings through hell
pity is ascribed to him and also tears, but Dante has no
suggestion that the condition of the lost might be miti-
gated. It was hopeless. Had the poet's disappointments
of his own life hardened his soul to the sight of pain and
sorrow? This view seems to be incompatible with the
sympathetic portraits he presents of souls in purgatory,
escaped from the doom of damnation and being prepared
for the bliss of heaven. Dante's state of mind is to be
explained by the domination of the teachings of the
Schoolmen and the awful guilt which was attached in
his time to disobedience of the Church's sacramental
authority. And, as indicated in the letter already quoted,
Dante was preaching a solemn sermon to his age. He was
not writing a drama. In spite of the Church, sin flour-
ished in Florence and Italy. The vices prevalent in society
were matched by the nepotism and pride of the hier-
archy. God's highest commissioners in earthly office, the
20 (170)
Dante, 1321-1921
popes, had turned aside from their commission. As for
[taly as a whole, he described it as "a hostelry of war,
a ship without a pilot, tempest-tossed, no more queen
of nations, swarming with tyrants". Purg. VI. Had
Savonarola only lived in Dante's day and thundered
forth the prophetic messages with which he filled the
Cathedral of Florence a century and a half after Dante's
death, perhaps Dante would have felt some hope! At
least, he would have felt he was not alone and that there
was one other who shared with equal passion his zeal
for righteousness.
Terrible as the conditions were which Dante saw
in hell, nevertheless in his theology grace superabounds.
No sin is so heinous that it cannot be forgiven, as Dante
had sufficient proof in the brilliant and profligate Man-
fred whom he found in purgatory. Manfred said,
"I betook myself
Weeping to Him, who of freewiU forgives.
My sins were horrible but so wide arms
Hath good infinite, that it receives
All who turn to it."
Conscience does not have the place in Dante that
it has in Shakespeare. Dante has no statement corre-
sponding to the English poet's words, "conscience makes
cowards of us all", nor is there any scene in Dante like
the scene pictured in Macbeth. In fact, the right of
conscience seems to have waited for full recognition as
an independent actor for Wyclif and Huss a half cen-
tury and a century later. This is said in the face of
Dante's statement in which he spoke of the sting left in
the conscience by the commission of fraud (Inf. 11:55),
and the question whether it was wrath or conscience that
smote Boniface VIII (19:120). Sin was a matter of the
will: in purgatory improvement is by the will alone
(Purg. 21:60), and heavenlv beatitude is conformity to
the will of God (Parad. 3:90).
The sufferings of hell are rather of the material na-
ture than of the mind. The idea of an offended deity
does not seem to find expression on the lips of the
damned.
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
In the Divina Commedia Dante spoke in part from
his own experience with temptation and evil. He him-
self had sinned deeply. After Beatrice's death he had
turned into deceitful paths
"PoUowing the false images of the good that make
No promise perfect." Purg. 30:120.
From these dark paths he was rescued by light from
above, the memory of Beatrice, and penitence. Oftimes he
had "bewailed his sins and smote his breast" (Parad.
22:100).
As the preacher of righteousness and repentance,
Dante gives no suggestion of a new theology. Flacius
Illyricus was wrong when he placed Dante among those
who before the Eeformation showed the spirit of the
Reformation. Surmisals are always precarious which
determine the mental attitude men would take by pro-
jecting them forward into an age other than their own.
He had no inkling of the meaning of election as ex-
pounded by Wyclif. No intimation appears of an exten-
sion of saving grace to good men in the Pagan world or to
unbaptized children dying in infancy, which Zwingli as-
serted on the basis of the sovereign decree of predestina-
tion. He censored popes, but the bishop of Rome was for
him still God's vicar on earth. Purgatory was as real a
domain as heaven and the suffrages of the living modify
the pain of its sufferings or reduce their duration. The
sacredness of religious vows is emphasized. As for
Mary, she had been "wrapt up" into heaven. In piir-
g'atory and in paradise her praises are being continually
sung and the prayer, Ave Maria — is the all efficient peti-
tion of mortals on earth and of spirits in the realm
of purgatory. Even St. Bernard, before showing Dante
the divine brightness, prayed for aid to her, "the queen
who canst do what thou willt".
As for the Scriptures, Dante speaks with all re-
spect of the "Book of God". Nevertheless there is next
to nothing to show that he was familiar with the text
of the Bible and read it for himself. His allusions to
22 (172)
Dante, 1321-1921
it are few. Pertinent passages are wanting which we
might have expected to find, snch as the words "Where
their worm dieth not and the fire is not quenched". The
imagery of the ^neid is more frequent than the imagery
of Sacred Writ. Dante got his theology from the School-
men and the Breviary, and not directly from a perusal
of the Bible. However, his dependence upon mediaeval
theology does not reduce Dante to a mere interpreter
of that theology. Dante is the interpreter of the endless
things, — endless retribution and endless beatitude. He
is the prophet of conversion and repentance and, as
Thomas Carlyle said, "repentance is the grand Christian
act". His poem is like a cathedral whose massive pro-
portions and lofty spires and mysterious spaces arouse
admiration and awe. It is more. It is a pulpit whose
living message like a trumpet not only called his own
age but calls these succeeding ages to live the life here
below as in the light streaming from God's throne and
as the sure prelude of eternal weal or eternal woe. As
Longfellow puts it,
"Thy sacred song is like the trump of God".
23 (173)
The Lambeth Conference
Eev. Hugh T. Kerr, D. D.
The proceedings of the Lambeth Conference of the
Anglican Church throughout the world, cover one hun-
dred and sixty-two closely printed pages, and are in
three parts. First of all, there is The Encyclical Letter
prepared for general distribution and to be read in Angli-
can churches. This is followed by formal resolutions,
eighty in number, adopted by the Conference, and finally,
there are the reports of the various Committees or Com-
missions appointed to deal with special subjects upon
which the formal resolutions are based.
The Conference claimed to be world representative,
and that claim is well founded. Two hundred and fifty-
two Archbishops, Bishops, and Assistant Bishops, from
all parts of the civilized and uncivilized world, were pres-
ent. The list begins with the Archbishop of Canter-
bury and ends with the Bishop of Kampala. To study
the diocese from which each comes, is a liberal education
in geography. Canterbury is given first place and a foot-
note explains something about the recognition of the
rights of priority. Kampala is placed last because the
Bishop of that diocese was consecrated June 24, 1920.
Between the first and the last are Bishops from Britain
and America, from West Equatorial Africa and Persia,
from Tasmania and Newfoundland, from Cape Town
and the Barbadoes, from Honduras and Assam, from
Athabasca and Uganda, from Korea and Gibraltar, from
Honan and New Guinea, from Singapore and Milwaukee,
from Argentine, New York, and Nova Scotia.
This report of world conditions, social, industrial,
and religious, is baptized into the very Spirit of Jesus.
It is a text book on Christian faith and order. We may
not follow its teachings and we may not agree with all
of its conclusions, but we cannot escape the spell of its
24 (174)
The Lambeth Conference
charity and the lure of its Christlikeness. It sounds no
uncertain note. It does not lose itself in trying to be
modern or pragmatic. It does not offer apologies to
Dives nor a sop to Demos. It believes in Christ. It has
faith in the Church. It holds to the historic faith and
hopes for ultimate victory.
These are among its opening words: "Men to-day
are tempted to despair of the world and to blame its
design. But this at least we can say: the life of men
upon earth was designed to give opportunities for love
and nothing has defeated that design. Those things
which most perplex us, suffering and sin, have been
the occasion of the most conspicuous triumphs of love.
This design is the clue to the labyrinth of life. We lose
our way in a maze whenever we let go this clue. Men
lost the clue and they are always losing it, for they will
not keep God in their knowledge, nor love in their hearts.
It is ours to recall men to God and to His revealed pur-
poses and His acts which reveal them. It is ours to
bid them pause in the hurry and stress of life, in the
midst of its trivialities and its tragedy, and contemplate
anew the ways of God. He made men for love, that
they might love Him and love one another. They re-
jected His purpose, but He did not abandon it. He chose
a nation, and made it in a special sense His own, that with-
in it, the love of God and men might be cultivated, and
that thus it might enlighten the world. Into that nation
He sent his Son, both to reconcile the world to Himself,
and to reconcile men to one another. And His Son formed
a new and greater Israel, which we call the Church,
to carry on His own mission of reconciling men to God
and men to men. The foundation and ground of all fel-
lowship is the undeflected will of God, renewing again
and again its patient effort to possess, without destroy-
ing, the wills of men. And so He has called into being
a fellowship of men, His Church, and sent His Holy
Spirit to abide therein, that by the prevailing attraction
of that one Spirit, He, the one God and Father of all, may
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The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
win over the whole human family to that fellowship in
Himself, by which alone it can attain to the fulness of
life."
The Conference sought to apply the high principles
of the Gospel to modern life, believing with Chesterton
that "Christianity has been found difficult and ha& not
been tried". Any one who has thought the Anglican
Church proud and haughty, austere and impenitent,
should take time to catch the spirit of this report. It
reads, "May He in His mercy forgive and take from us
any spirit of self-satisfaction! We have need frankly
to acknowledge and humbly to confess our manifold sins
and shortcomings as a Church. In all our approaches to
our fellow Christians of other Churches, we shall try to
make it plain that we only desire to be permitted to take
our part with them in a cause to which the Lord whom
we serve is at this time most manifestly calling all the
members of His Church." Later in the report we read:
"Most of us have grave cause for repentance. We have
failed to give faithful witness in our teaching; we have
failed even more signally to give witness by our life.
Here, surely, is our first duty. It was the life of the early
Christians which won victories for Christ. It is the
life of Christians which will do most to further His King-
dom in the society of to-day. ' '
Speaking on the great subject of the reunion of
Christendom, the report says: "The causes of division
lie deep in the past, and are by no means simple or
wholly blameworthy. Yet none can doubt that self-will,
ambition, and lack of charity among Christians have
been principal factors in the mingled process, and that
these, together with blindness to the sin of disunion, are
still mainly responsible for the breaches of Christendom.
We acknowledge this condition of broken fellowship to
be contrary to God's will, and we desire frankl}^ to con-
fess our share in the guilt of thus crippling the Body of
Christ and hindering the activity of His Spirit." One
can read between the lines and in foot-notes that the
26 (176)
The Lamheth Conference
dove of peace sometimes seemed about to fly away with
a message for the George Washington to come immedi-
ately, but the Conference continued on to the end. A
foot-note says: "The American Bishops of the Commit-
tee are cordially agreed in the principle of a League
of Nations, but feel obliged to withhold their support
of the existing Covenant without certain reservations."
It looks as if the Republican Senate had representatives
even at Lambeth. Confident words are spoken about a
living wage, about women in industry, about the labor
movement, but when the drink evil is handled the words
begin to hesitate and the sentences to stumble. "In the
United Kingdom, one of the chief hindrances to progress
is the inability of those who are most earnest in promot-
ing temperance reform to come to an agreement as to
the best line of advance. We would add further that,
whilst all are not agreed upon the duty of total absti-
nence from intoxicating liquor as a beverage, there is
no room for doubt that such abstinence for the sake of
others, and as a contribution to the stability of our in-
dustrial and social life, is a splendid privilege of Chris-
tian service."
There are also explanations and covering sentences
concerning the plan for reunion of the churches. The
concluding words read : "In concluding our Report we
think it only right to state at the request of some of our
members that, with regard to the precise phrasing and
practical effect of some of the Resolutions which we have
submitted to the Conference, there was considerable dif-
ference of opinion."
For six days all the subjects to be dealt with by
the Conference were brought before it. They were classi-
fied into eight comprehensive departments and Avere
then submitted to eight carefully chosen Committees.
These Committees sat from July 10th to July 26th, 1920,
and their reports were considered by the whole Confer-
ence from Monday, July 26th, to Saturday, August 7th.
These eight reports dealt with the following subjects : —
27 (177)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Christianity and International Eelations; The Church
and Industrial Problems; The Development of Pro-
vinces ; Missionary Problems ; Position of Women ; Prob-
lems of Marriage; Spiritualism, Christian Science, and
Theosophy; Reunion.
This paper will deal more particularly with only two
of these reports, — that on the Church and Industrial Re-
lations, and the Report on Reunion. There is much of
interest in the other reports. The Conference pro-
nounced favorably upon the principle of the League of
Nations. It said: "The Conference heartily endorsing
the views of its Committee, as to the essentially Christian
basis of the League of Nations, is of the opinion that
steps should immediately be taken, whether by co-op-
eration or concurrent action, whereby the whole Church
of Christ may be enabled with one voice to urge the prin-
ciples of the League of Nations upon the peoples of the
world. We, hold that the peace of the world, no less
than Christian principle, demands the admission of Ger-
many and other nations into the League of Nations at the
earliest moment which the conditions render possible."
It outlined large policies for the advancement of
Christianity in foreign lands. It voted for the estab-
lishment or re-establishment of the order of Deaconess,
giving women the right to leadership but withholding
from them the privilege of ordination. In this connec-
tion some of the discussion is rather peculiar. "With
deep reverence we recognize that the supreme ministry
of redemption was wrought out by One AVlio was a man,
Jesus Christ our Lord. It is certain that the Apostles
were men, almost as certain that the Seventy were men.
On the other hand a Avoman was chosen to be the hand-
maid of the Lord in the Incarnation of the Son of God."
The Conference discussed whether deaconesses should
be celibates but decided that they might marry and not
sin. It dealt with marriage and the problem of social
purity. It discussed with sympathy and insight. Spir-
itualism, Christian Science, and Theosophy. Concern-
28 (178)
The Lamheth Conference
ing Spiritualism, it said, "It is possible that we may be
on the threshold of a new science, which will by another
method of approach confirm ns in the assurance of a
world behind and beyond the world we see, and of some-
thing within us by which we are in contact with it. We
could never presume to set a limit to means which God
may use to bring man to the realization of spiritual life.
But there is nothing in the cult erected on this Science
which enhances; there is, indeed, much which obscures
the meaning of that other world and our relation to it
as unfolded in the Gospel of Christ and the teaching of
the Church, and which depreciates the means given to
us of attaining and abiding in fellowship with that
world. ' '
The Keport on the Church and Industrial Problems
begins by pointing out that the w^ar showed the foolish-
ness of trying to build up an enduring civilization upon
selfishness and force, and asserts that we are now face
to face with that same spirit of selfishness in industry.
''As we desire a League of Nations which shall unite the
peoples in a fellowship for the common good, so we look
for some means of co-operation within the nation, which
by ways of liberty and justice shall transcend all class dis-
tinctions, and enable all to make their contribution of
service for the welfare of all. ' '
A different note is struck in this report than is
heard anywhere in the pages of the much heralded Steel
Strike Report of the Interchurch World Movement.
That Report might have been written by men unac-
quainted with the principles of the Gospel. In the Lam-
beth Report, however. Christian principles that are
fundamental in all industrial controversies are laid down.
There is in the first place an assertion of the standard
of value. The supreme standard is human life. The in-
finite value of hunmanity is an end and not a means to
29 (179)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
any other end. In a few well ordered sentences the re-
port states : —
"As God is our Father, and as the Eternal Son of
God took our whole human nature upon him, every son
and daughter of God is of infinite and equal value. ' '
"Life must always count for more than property,
the possession of which ou^ht always to answer to some
function duly performed. ' '
"Obviously in any organized system there must be
discipline, but that discipline should be the discipline of
free men, arising from the common mind, and embodying
the common will."
The report asserts the right of men to organize for
mutual benefit and helpfulness. " As a means of attaining
this reasonable control, perfect freedom of organization
on the part of workers, with leaders and spokesmen of
thier own choosing, must be upheld." It proclaims the
principle of human brotherhood. ' ' The Incarnation broke
down the ancient barriers. Differences of race, of class,
of sex, are transcended; 'We are one man in Christ
Jesus'." It points out the path of reform: "Whether or
no the demand for the full 'democratizing of industry' is
practicable, or even reasonable, it is at least clear that the
workers in an industry ought to have an adequate share
in the control of the conditions in which their work — a
large portion of their life — is carried on." It asks for
security against unemployment, a reasonable leisure, a
living wage, and proper saf egaurds for life and health.
The report faces the question as to whether the
present system is compatible with the teachings of Jesus,
and, while not pronouncing any policy, it quotes Bishop
Wescott to the effect : — "Wage, labour, though it appears
to be an inevitable step in the evolution of society, is
as little fitted to represent finally or adequatelj^ the con-
nection of man with man in the production of wealth as,
in the earlier times, slavery or serfdom."
The report commits the Church to no economic the-
ory. "All that belongs to us is held in trust; no prop-
so (180)
The Lamheth Conference
erty can be our absolute and unconditional possession.
This is true also of our powers and faculties of body and
mind. These powers are entrusted to us by God in or-
der that we may use them for His service and the good
of our fellows." One cannot help comparing these ju-
dicial words with the unbalanced sentences and sneer-
ing criticism of the Interchurch Keport on the Steel In-
dustry.
The report demands the recognition of the principle
of personal responsibility. God trusts us whether we are
rich or poor. We hold what we have in trust and the
application is made to both employer and worker alike.
' ' The duty of honest work, to the uttermost of our ability,
is binding upon all, and we cannot, without moral de-
terioration, rest content with less than our best work.
The idler or the shirker, to whatever class of society he
belongs, is false to his trust. It is true that a laborer
is worthy of his hire ; it is equally true that the worker
ought to do' an honest day's work. The policy of 'Ca'-
canny' or 'go slow' cannot be morally justified. On the
other hand, those whose work is 'unproductive' of ma-
terial wealth are specially bound to give good value to
society in return for the benefits which society confers
on them." Brought face to face with the duty of the
Church, the Report says, "It is not by violent revolu-
tion, but by a complete change of mind and will that
a better order can be reached. ' ' The Church, indeed, is
not blameless. She has not fulfilled her duty nor spoken
to the people all the words of this life. Class conscious-
ness is rampant in every grade of society. In many of
our churches the arrangement of sittings would incur
the condemnation of St. James. Can we not determine
to get rid once for all of unbrotherly aloofness, and to
abolish the misinterpretation of the Church Catechism
which represents, 'my betters' as meaning 'social super-
iors'?"
The Lambeth Conference called for a new spirit.
It did not ask for added legislation. It did not denounce
31 (181)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
government. It called upon the churches to become vital
centers of service and to manifest their life in service
of all types. The Report does not arouse class an-
tagonism nor dig deeper the gulf between the employer
and employee, and therefore, it cannot help but do good.
"We desire to affirm, with unwavering conviction, that
no outward adjustments can, by themselves, bring us near
to the Kingdom of Grod. The love which conquers self-
ishness, and the passion for righteousness which drives
out greed, are gifts from above, and, unless selfishness
and greed are vanquished, the most perfectly devised
co-operative commonwealth will perish in ignoble ruin."
II
We turn to the report on Reunion. This report,- more
than any other, occupied the thought and time of the
Conference. To the Bishops at Lambeth, the one great
problem which Christendom is facing is not how capital
and labor can get on with each other, but how Christians
can get on together. The Committee appointed to pre-
pare the report was the largest and most representative
ever appointed by a Lambeth Conference. This Com-
mittee took its work most seriously and as a result is-
sued to the churches of Christendom an appeal which has
been widely read. It is a remarkable document. It is
remarkable not so much because of the plan it proposes
but rather because of the spirit which breathes through
it and gives it life. It begins with a significant acknow-
ledgment. ''We acknowledge all those who believe in the
Lord Jesus Christ, and have been baptized into the name
of the Holy Trinity, as sharing with us membership in
the universal Church of Christ which is his body. We
believe that the Holy Spirit has called us in a very
solemn and special manner to associate ourselves in peni-
tence and^prayer with all those who deplore the divisions
of Christian people, and are inspired by the vision and
hope of a visible unity of the whole church."
32 (182)
The Lamheth Conference
It builds up its program around the idea of the
reality of the spiritual fellowship that exists in Grod.
"The unity which we seek exists. It is in God, who is
the perfection of unity, the one Father, the one Lord,
the one Spirit, who gives life to the one body." This
one Body exists. It needs not to be made, nor to be re-
made, but to become organic and visible. Further, the
fellowship of the members of this one Body exists. It
is the work of God, not of man. We have only to dis-
cover it, and to set free its activities. The Keport is
significant, too, in the acknowledgment which it accords
non-Episcopal Communions. These Communions, — Free
Church Communions, — it asserts, stand for ''rich ele-
ments of truth, liberty, and life which might otherwise
have been obscured or neglected. With them we are
closely linked by many affinities, racial, historical, and
spiritual. We cherish the earnest hope that all these
Communions, and our own, may be led by the Spirit
into the unity of the Faith and of the knowledge of the
Son of God." It sets forth the reasons why the time is
opportune to forget the traditions of the past and to
press on to fuller unity.
There is first of all the pressure from the foreign
missionary movement, especially as it discloses itself in
the foreign field. "There have grown up indigenous
churches in China, in Japan, in East and West Africa,
in each of which the English members are but a handful
of strangers and sojourners, some engaged in missionary
work, some in secular business. In India the church in-
cludes large numbers both of British and of Indian mem-
bers. The emergence of a National Church, claiming
freedom to regulate its own affairs, is only a matter of
time. Consequently the Anglican Communion of to-
day is a federation of churches, some national, some
regional, but no longer predominantly Anglo-Saxon in
race, nor can it be expected that it will attach special
value to Anglo-Saxon traditions. The blessing which has
33 (183)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
rested upon its work has brought it to a new point of
view. ' '
There is also the transformation which has gone on in
churches of the Anglican Communion itself. "In some
parts of our Communion, the Episcopate does not even
present the appearance of autocracy or prelacy. Vari-
ous arrangements have been adopted by which the bishop
is elected by the Diocese over which he is to reside. The
affairs of the Diocese are managed by the bishop in con-
junction with a Diocesan Synod or Council. The bishops
and their Dioceses are further correlated in Provincial
and General Synods, Conventions, or Assemblies. Thus,
Episcopacy among us has generally become constitu-
tional and the clergy and laity have attained to a share
in the government of the Church. Again, in many parts
of our Communion, systems of patronage have been
adopted which recognize the right of congregations to
take part in the selection of their ministers. The winds
of God have been blowing through the church and over
the world. The development of mission services and
missions of many kinds, the use of various additional
forms of prayer, of extempore prayer, of silent prayer,
and again of various kinds of ceremonial and elabora-
tion of liturgical worship, testify, quite apart from the
merits of any of them, to the increasing recognition of
the diversity of the temperaments of men and of the duty
of the church to make them all feel at home in the familv
of God."
It is not possible here to enter into the plan of re-
union as it relates to the churches holding to the Epis-
copate. The Eeport confesses that, while a new spirit
seems to be upon the Roman Church, no advance is pos-
sible in that direction. This is not, however, true of the
Greek Orthodox churches of Russia, Serbia, and Greece,
nor of the so-called Nestorian and Syrian churches, and
fellowship with the Church of Sweden was actually con-
summated by the Conference. This movement toward
union is now going on within the churches of the Episco-
34 (184)
The Lamheth Conference
pal order. The interest, however, is most vital in con-
nection with union with non-Espiscopal Communions.
Such a proposal of union calls for a fine adventure in
faith and good will.
The creedal basis of that union is briefly stated. ' ' We
believe that visible unity of the church will be found to
involve the whole-hearted acceptance of :
"The Holy Scriptures, as the record of God's reve-
lation of Himself to man, and as being the rule and ulti-
mate standard of faith; and the Creed commonly called
Nicene, as the sufficient statement of the Christian faith,
and either it or the Apostles' Creed as the Baptismal
confession of belief.
' ' The divinely instituted sacraments of baptism and
the Holy Communion, as expressing for all the corpor-
ate life of the whole fellowship in and with Christ.
"A ministry acknowledged by every part of the
church as possessing not only the inward call of the
Spirit, but also the commission of Christ and the authori-
ty of the whole body. ' '
And now, at last, we come to what William James
would call 'Hhe hot spot" of the controversy. "May we
not reasonably claim, ' ' the appeal states, ' ' that the Epis-
copate is the one means of providing such a ministry?"
That is frank and perfectly honest. "It is not that we
call in question for a moment the spiritual reality of the
ministries of those Communions which do not possess the
Episcopate. On the contrary Ave thankfully acknowledge
that these ministries have been manifestly blessed and
owned by the Holy Spirit as effective means of grace.
But we submit that considerations, alike of history and
present experience, justify the claim which we make on
behalf of the Epicopate. Moreover, we would urge that
it is now and will prove to be in the future the best in-
strument for maintaining the unity and continuity of the
church." The plan as suggested in the resolution is as
follows : —
, First, — "If the authorities of other Communions
35 (185)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
should so desire, we are persuaded that, terms of union
having been otherwise satisfactorily adjusted, Bishops
and clergy of our Communion would willingly accept from
these authorities a form of commission or recognition
which would commend our ministry to their congregations
as having its place in the one family." In the second
place, "It is our hope that the same motive would lead
ministers who have not received it to accept a commis-
sion through Episcopal ordination, as obtaining for them
a ministry throughout the whole felloivship". "In so
acting," the resolution goes on to say, "No one of us
could possibly be taken to repudiate his past ministry.
God forbid that any man should repudiate a past exper-
ience rich in spiritual blessings for himself and others."
This new recognition and acceptance is a call to a new
and wider service in a united church. It is an economic
method to meet a larger opportunity. The conditions,
however, should be carefully noted. They are not uniform.
Episcopally ordained ministers are to he recognized and
commissioned. Non-Episcopally ordained ministers are
to he commissioned through Episcopal ordination. There
are worlds between. There is still the old gulf fixed, and
in the light of that difference it is difficult to see how
the proposal can be called new, except that it breathes
a netv spirit.
Granting these conditions, the terms of union are
just and generous. Pending the consummation of the
union much liberty is granted to Bishops. "A Bishop
is justified in giving occasional authorization to min-
isters, not Episcopally ordained, who in his judgment
are working towards an ideal of union such as is de-
scribed in our Appeal, to preach in churches within his
Diocese, and to clergy of the Diocese to preach in the
churches of such ministers." While interchange of pul-
pits and general schemes of inter-communion are defi-
nitely frowned upon, much is left to the Bishop's judg-
ment. This, of course, is a doubtful concession. Con-
cerning ministers who at the time of reunion are
36 (186)
The Lamheth Conference
non-episcopally ordained, the suggestion is made that
' ' Ministers of both the uniting Communions should be at
once recognized as of equal status in all Synods and
Councils of the United Church. The terms of union should
not confer on non-episcopally ordained ministers the
right to administer the Holy Communion to those con-
gregations which already possess an episcopal ministry,
but they should include the right to conduct other serv-
ices and to preach in such churches, if licensed thereto
by the Bishop. ' '
The task of making these resolutions effective, lies
with the churches holding allegiance to the Lambeth
Conference through their regularly constituted bodies.
''The Conference recommends to the authorities of the
Churches of the Anglican Communion that they should in
such ways and at such times as they think best, formally
invite the authorities of other Churches within their
areas to confer with them concerning the possibilty of
taking definite steps to co-operate in a common en-
deavor, on the lines set forth in the above Appeal, to
restore the unity of the Church of Christ." Non-episco-
pal churches are not asked to make overtures. They
are asked as yet to do nothing. We must wait for the
constituted Episcopal authorities in our own community
to speak.
A final question remains to be asked and, if pos-
sible, answered : How shall we account for the fine spirit
which breathes through this memorable document?
There are Episcopal clergymen who hold that this ap-
peal has put all non-Episcopal churches on the defensive.
Indeed, it seems to many of the Episcopal Communion
that the Lambeth Conference has gone more than half
way. The Christian spirit of the Appeal to the Churches
cannot be doubted. How shall we then account for this
change of spirit Avith no change of policy? Episcopal
ordination as a vital necessity runs like a steel cable
through all the report. It is not intentionally disguised
but is subordinated to a new spirit of brotherhood. With
37 (187)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
even Reformed Episcopal churches, it will have nothing
to do. Concerning the Church of Sweden, it says, "We
accept the conclusions arrived at by the learned men
who formed this Commission, on the unbroken sucession
of the Episcopate in Sweden, and on the conception of
the office of priest held by that Church." It holds out
willing hands to Armenians, Nestorians, Syrian Jacob-
ites, Copts, and the Christians of St. Thomas of Malabar.
These are strange brethren speaking unknown tongues,
but still brethren, because some drops of the stream of
Apostolic virtue have fallen somewhere, sometime, upon
some one of their ancestors. Well might we say, "Pres-
byterians we know and Methodists we know, but who are
these!" The Anglican Church is willing to strike hands
with Russia but before doing so it insists that it be made
clear that "we regard Ordination as conferring grace,
and not only as a mere setting apart to an ecclesiasti-
cal office." The condition is old. The spirit is new.
Why?
In the first place, there was present in the Confer-
ence the impelling power of a vital Christianity as il
is revealed in a larger fellowship upon the foreign field.
This is unmistakable. The pressure for church union as
manifested in mission lands has made itself felt where
Bishops and Archbishops deliberate.
In the second place, there is pressure from within
the Anglican Communion itself. It is not at rest. It
stands alone between the Roman and Protestant
Communions, holding fellowship with neither. Mean-
while there has come about within the Anglican Church
itself many internal changes, leading to a more demo-
cratic control of the church. This influence has been
brought about because of three things. First, the forma-
tive opinions of the laity of the church. Second, the de-
velopment of democratic ideals and the growth of con-
stitutional government in the world and especially in
Great Britain. It is a nice question as to how far the
church reflects the government of the country where that
38 (188)
The Lambeth Conference
church serves. England was once a monarchy. She is
now a democracy and the same democratic movement
which has transformed the national life of England has
not been without influence upon the national church.
Third, the influence of scholarship. Scholars within the
Anglican fellowship,' since the days of the great Bishop
Lightfoot, have less and less made exclusive claims for
the Episcopate. The contention that the Episcopate
roots itself as a divine right in Christian revelation is,
to modern scholarship, the fabric of a dream. The Epis-
copate will endure, but for economic and not for the-
ological reasons, and scholarship may be left to do its
perfect work.
Truth judges by empirical standards. It says, ''By
their fruits ye shall know them." If, as the Lambeth
Conference states, in one of its nodding moods, ''Episco-
pacy confers grace", then the way is open for Epis-
copacy to prove its claim. If it merely sets aside to an
«cclesiasticial office, if it is to be recognized as an efficient
and abiding form of church government, we will agree.
39 (189)
The Rolling Stone
Eev. Geokge Tayloe, Jr., Ph. D.
The title of a recent volume* arouses the curiosity
of any one who is striving to determine some correct
educative principle for life in an age when the rubrics
of true education are being weighed in the balance, but
it leaves the reader unsatisfied in the main purpose which
it promises. In the 505 large pages of the book, which
is a great credit to any publisher in its mechanical ap-
pointments, the author has demonstrated one funda-
mental fact in experience — no one can cultivate the habit
of critical introspection without finding himself isolated
from much of society and without developing a pessi-
mism which is morbid and destructive to the highest
and best attainments. This is particularly true in a
life like Henry Adams, where purpose is weak, where
the main epochs of his individual experience have been
determined largely by others, and where the principle of
unity has been lost in the multiplicity of man^^ interest-
ing but unproductive influences.
The Massachusetts Historical Society gave this book
to the world after the death of the author. Owing to
some displeasure in its literary form about which Henry
Adams could not satisfy himself, and the utter chaos
into which his original purpose to start from the unity
of the Thirteenth Century in an effort to discover his
own position by a study of Twentieth Century multi-
plicity assuming as true only the category of relation,
he preferred to leave it unpublished. This may account
for the omission in the introduction of many facts which
would greatly help the reader, such as a more appre-
ciative statement of the motives of the author in writ-
ing it and a succinct history of Henry Adams ' life touch-
*The Education of Henry Adams — An Autobiography. Boston:
Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1918, $5.00 Net.
40 (190)
The Rolling Stone
ing many significant events which are overlooked and
which must have had considerable bearing on his career.
As an example, I may refer to his marriage. In spite of
the fact that he expresses his highest regard for the A-
merican Woman, holding her as superior to the American
man, and intimating that the present tendency to lose her
finesse in life's machinery is due to the fact that man
has compelled her to imitate him by his neglect of her,
yet he never once mentions his own wife or acknowl-
edges a place in his life of one who was so beloved
by her host of friends. An excerpt from a letter writ-
ten by John Hay (quoted from Thayer) to Henry Adams
at the death of Mrs. Adams bears an illuminating testi-
mony.
"Is it any consolation to remember her as she was?
that bright,, intrepid spirit, that keen, fine inteUect, that
lofty scorn of all that was mean, that social charm which
made your house such a one as "Washington never knew
before, and made hundreds of people love her as much as
they admired her. No, that makes it all so much harder
to bear."
For the information of the interested reader, it may
be well to say that Henry Adams was the son of Charles
Francis Adams, the consummate American Minister to
England during the Civil War. He was born in old
Boston in the year 1838 and represented in his derivation
the essence of that vigorous, hard-headed, fearless, far-
sighted New England manhood which led the colony of
Massachusetts into the Revolution. Both his grandfather
and great-grandfather were Presidents of the United
States. He received his education at Harvard College,
served his father as secretary in London where he be-
came acquainted with all sorts of English society — in-
cluding the best, traveled extensively through Grermany,
France, and Italy, taught history for seven years in Har-
vard College in a way that history had never been taught
before in America, edited the North American Review
for six years, and in 1877 settled in Washington which re-
mained his home until his death, convinced, he says, ''as
far as he had a function in life, it was as stable-compan-
41 (191)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Sefninary
ion to statesmen, whether they liked it or not".
He seems to have had some theory of education, al-
though it is difficult to discover it from the analysis of
his own experience. He accepted the findings of those
whom he regarded as judges that only one man in a
hundred owns a mind capable of reacting to any pur-
pose on the forces which surround him, and fully half
of these react wrongly. Thus he was convinced that the
business of education should be ''to try to lessen the ob-
stacles, diminish the friction, invigorate the energy, and
should train minds to react, not at haphazard, but by
choice, on the lines of force that attract their world.
What one knows is, in youth, of little moment ; they know
enough who know how to learn. Throughout human his-
tory the waste of mind has been appalling, and, as this
story is meant to show, society has conspired to promote
it. No doubt the teacher is the worst criminal, but the
world stands behind him and drags the student from
his course". In his own case he seems to think that his
school days were time thrown away. "For success in
the life imposed on him he needed, as afterwards ap-
peared, the facile use of only four tools : Mathematics,
French, German, and Spanish. With these, he could mas-
ter in very short time any special branch of inquiry,
and feel at home in any society." Thus at the very out-
set, in view of the fact that his rigid classical training at
Harvard had prevented the mastery of any one of these
four tools, he was "condemned to failure more or less
complete in the life awaiting him**. This was a true
prophecy of his own life; for after his college course,
his travel in Italy, France, and Germany, his diplomatic
experience in England, his political opportunities in
America, his connection with the leading American
periodicals, his professorship in Harvard, and his social
advantages, he could declare these as useless and sum
them all up in some such words as these, * ' Vanity, vanity,
all is vanity in education ' '.
It is interesting to analyze such an attitude towards
42 (192)
The Rolling Stone
life. He says that "only Bostonians can understand
Bostonians and thoroughly sympathize with the inconse-
quences of the Boston niind". If this be the mental
attitude which we find in this book, it is clearly impossible
to the average intelligent American. It grows out of a
nature developed in the atmosphere of New England Uni-
tarianism without any realization of God as a dynamic,
with an increasing self-satisfaction and its attending
depreciation of every one else, and with that dismal out-
look on life which knows no divine urge for serving his
fellow-man. How could it be otherwise when, on his own
testimony, his religious instinct vanished and it could
not be revived although in later life he made many ef-
forts to recover it? This lack of a reverence for God
exerted a great influence on his attitude towards his
fellow-men. It is true that all through the book he ac-
knowledges his failure, but it is also true that he finds
very few men with whom he would count it worth while
to associate. Among all the men who were serving with
President Lincoln in Washington, only Senator Sum-
ner "seemed to him supremely fitted by knowledge and
experience to be an adviser and friend". Of Lincoln
himself he says,
"He saw Mr. Lincoln but once; at the melancholy
fiunction called an Inaugural Ball. Of course he looked
anxiously for a sign of character. He saw a long, awk-
ward figure; a plain, ploughed face; a mind, absent in
part, and in part evidently worried by white kid gloves;
features that expressed neither self-satisfaction nor any
other familiar Americanism, but rather the same painful
sense of becoming educated and of needing education that
tormented a private secretary; above all a lack of appar-
ent force. Any private secretary in the least fit for his
business would have thought, as Adams did, that no man
living needed so much education as the new President but
that all the education he could get would not be enough."
His estimate of the men handling the affairs of the
nation is in keeping with the same spirit.
"The average Congressman was civil enough, but had
nothing to ask except offices, and nothing to offer but the
views of his district. The average Senator was more re-
served, but had not much more to say, being always, ex-
cepting one or two genial natures, handicapped by his own
importance."
43 (193)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
In view of this we are not surprised to find him grow-
ing more pessimisti-o in his attitude towards life as the
years go by. His life has lacked purpose, and, therefore,
we miss in his book unity and completeness. It is the
product of a man who has been like a rolling stone in
his experience and who, in spite of the fact that he has
gained much culture, has come to believe that after all
the best one can do in this life is just to roll. There-
fore, its chief value is not in its evident purpose to dis-
cover some correct method of education by studying the
factors of his experience, but in the wayside impressions,
in the satisfying style w^hich at times sparkles with sub-
tle wit, and in his reaction against men and epochs.
Let me give but two examples. The first contains his
impression of Graribaldi with whom he had a brief inter-
view.
"Adams had the chance to look this sphinx in the eyes,
and, for five minutes, to watch him like a wild animal,
at the moment of his greatest achievement and most splen-
did action. One saw a quiet-featured, quiet-voiced man in
a red flannel shirt; absolutely impervious; a type of which
Adams knew nothing. Sympathetic it was, and one felt
that it was simple; one suspected even that it might be
childlike, but could form no guess of its intelligence. In
his own eyes Garibaldi might be a Napoleon or a Sparta-
cus; in the hands of Cavour he might become a Con-
dottiere; in the eyes of history he might, like the rest
of the world, be only the vigorous player in the game he
did not understand. The student was none the wiser.
"This compound nature of patriot and pirate had il-
lumined Italian history from the beginning, and was no
more intelligible to itself than to a young American who
had no experience in double natures. In the end, if the
'Autobiography' tells truth, Garibaldi saw and said that he
had not understood his own acts; that he had been an in-
strument; that he had served the purposes of the class
he least wanted to help; yet in 1860 he thought himself
the revolution anarchic, Napoleonic, and his ambition was
unbounded. What should a young Bostonian have made
of a character like this, internally alive with childlike
fancies, and externally quiet, simple, almost innocent; ut-
tering with apparent conviction the usual commonplaces of
popular politics that all politicians use as the small change
of their intercourse with the public; but never betraying
a thought?"
The other is Algernon Swinburne of Avhom Stirling
declared, '^He's a cross between the devil and the Duke
of Argyll". ,
44 (194)
The Rolling 'Stone
"That Swinburne seemed to them quite original.
wildly eccentric, astonishingly gifted, and convulsingly
droll, Adams could see; but what more he was, even
Mllnes hardly dared say. They could not believe his in-
credible memory and knowledge of literature, classic,
mediaeval, and modern; his faculty of reciting a play of
Sophocles or a play of Shakespeare, forward or backward,
from end to beginning; or Dante, or Villon, or Victor Hugo.
They knew not what to make of his rhetorical recitation
of his own unpublished ballads — 'Faustine'; the 'Four
Boards of the Coffin Lid'; the 'Ballad of Burdens' — which
he declaimed as though they were books of the Iliad."
On the whole the book is worth reading, but it has
the same effect on the reader as Harvard College had
upon Henry Adams. "Harvard College was a negative
force, and negative forces have value". It personifies
the inevitable crystallization of culture without God and
without purpose — a selfish, self-satisfied, pessimistic life.
45 (195)
A Letter from China*
Eev. Robert F. Fitch, D. D.
Just noAv there is a remarkable tension all over this
country due to telegrams from the Chinese representa-
tives of the Washington Peace Conference saying that
they had resigned. We notice by later telegrams that
they are still conducting negotiations and hence assume
that their resignation did not take effect. Thinking Chin-
ese everywhere are in an intense state of suspicion re-
garding this conference. They do not trust Japan and
they are afraid that in the long run Japan will succeed
in playing a better diplomatic game than the United
States will do. We note that Japan is proposing to give
up all of her rights in Shantung, but the Chinese regard
this as having for its motive the establishment of Japan's
position in Manchuria. I have been called upon in a num-
ber of cases to give addresses on the '^Open Door" and
the "Washington Peace Conference" before Chinese
audiences, one of them being before about four hundred
Chinese students on the roof-garden of the Y. M. C. A.
In these addresses I have pointed out certain factors
which have contributed to the Far Eastern problem.
First the general policy of aggression which Svas common
to all powers until fairly recent times, a policy which was
shared by China in her relation with Siam, Burma, Thibet
and Korea. Second, this policy of aggression has been
adopted to a certain extent by European powers. Third,
this policy of aggression has also been copied by Japan
in her attitude towards China, in which she has outwitted
the European powers in their own game and has gotten
the upper hand. Fourth, the passivism in the United
States in assuming definite relations to the Far Eastern
*The foUowing letter from the Rev. Robert F. Fitch ('98),
General Secretary of the Union Evangelistic Committee, Hangchow,
China, dated December 20, 1921, gives a very clear idea of the po-
litical situation in China, as well as throwing light on some of the
important movements of Christianity.
46 (196)
A Letter from China
question ever since 1899 when Secretary Hay issued
his famous note. By issuing this famous note we be-
came in a very definite way the sponsors of the open door
policy and the policy preserving China's territorial in-
tegrity. The fifth cauge bringing about the problem of
the Far East has been the corruption of Chinese official-
dom, their willingness to secure loans from foreign
countries, applying them to a .considerable extent to per-
sonal uses instead of for the object specified, and there-
by sinking China deeper and deeper in debt. I think the
intelligent Chinese realize all of these factors and deeply
deplore the chaotic state of things in this land, but as
Americans we must have the deepest sympathy possible
for this country, realizing that, by withdrawing from ac-
tive participation in Oriental affairs, we have gradually
produced a situation which, if not wisely met at present,
will involve us ultimately in war. Chinese officialdum
has not only been subjected to ordinary temptations but
has also had to suffer from strong outside pressure. If,
in addition to the temptation to graft in our own country,
our official life were also subject to outside pressure from
outside powers, it might be that our country would have
little of which to boast.
The more I see of the Chinese the more I realize
their remarkable potentialities and I positively affirm
that some day there will be a, great and wonderful reve-
lation to the world of possibilities yet undreamed.
In the month of September I took a trip to Shanghai
and also to Hankow to get a lot of pictures of the boat
life of China for Mr. Charles R. Crane, our former
American Minister in Peking. I was also able to get two
thousand feet of movie films for him, showing all kinds
of boat construction. On a great ocean going vessel I
got photographs of men climbing like monkeys up the
mast, of others passing the cargo, eating a meal, hoist-
ing sail, working the windlass to bring up the anchor,
working the rudder and labelling the cargo. Later Mrs.
Fitch and I went to len-dong where we saw the greatest
47 (197)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
scenery in all Eastern China. The place has a diameter
of about twenty miles east and west, north and south, and
is full of wonderful mountains running up four thousand
feet with hundreds and hundreds of precipices, many
remarkable caves, many individual cliffs that rise out of
the valley like tusks. We also, among several water-
falls, saw one that was six hundred feet high. There
was also the truncated cone of a volcano, the top of
which was covered by five small lakes, the source of water
supply being by subterranean passages from some higher
mountains beyond. The place is a veritable "Garden
of the Grods" and one could spend a few weeks in in-
vestigating its wonders. We entered the largest cave,
which was called the cave to the Goddess of Mercy. We
climbed up within the cave a vertical height of one hun-
dred feet and then came to the foot of a nine story mon-
astery. We went clear to the top and above the ninth
story saw the remainder of the cave, another two hun-
dred feet, with a high vaulted roof. This topmost vault
was called the main hall of the monastery where the prin-
cipal images were placed. We slept in a Taoist Monastery
on the fourth story, in a very large building built es-
pecially to accommodate guests. There was a vast space
over our heads, all within the cave — the cave of the Great
Dipper. The valleys in this region are literally torn up
by the floods when the rain falls and the boulders are
strewn hither and thither. There are very few for-
eigners who have visited this place and as far as I know
it has not been described in print. I am hoping some
day to have the opportunity to write an illustrated arti-
cle giving a bit of the history of the place and telling
somewhat of its wonders.
Not long ago, the Civil and Military Governors sent
a representative to Tao Tai Tsang to confer with me
concerning the formation of an international Famine Re-
lief Committee. In the Northern part of tliis province
has occurred extensive floods due to the silting up of
outlet canals which have thereby failed to discharge into
48 (198)
A Letter from China
the Great Lakes on the Kiangsu Border. Through Ki-
angsu there are also further outlet canals which have
also silted up so that the water in the canals can not
discharge into the sea. As a result thousands have suf-
fered terribly through being unable to gather in their
crops of rice. Neither are they able to prepare for cer-
tain winter crops. There have also been two failures of
the silk crop so that many will soon be brought to condi-
tions of extreme need. Our Committee has already been
organized, the Civil and Military Governors have been
made Honorary Chairmen, Tao Tai Tsang and myself
have been made co-chairmen, acting alternately, and the
Military Governor has given us a fine guild hall for our
headquarters where there are two general secretaries and
a local assisting staff. We have also five sub-committees
on Investigation, Relief, Distribution, Publicity, and
Subscriptions. On the Central Committee and on our
Sub-committees, we have enlisted the interest and serv-
ice of about one hundred and fifty men. Our plan is to
give free aid only to those who have no male workers in
the family and who would thus die of starvation. The
rest of the fund we plan to have used in work of con-
struction such as digging the canals deeper, strengthen-
ing certain dykes so as to give pay in grain only to
those who can earn support for themselves and their
families throughout the winter. A large part of our
funds will come from the International Famine Relief
Committee in Shanghai with which committee there are
certain sums of mone}^ left over from the former famine.
We also plan to raise considerable sums in Chekiang
Province. Probably our budget will be somewhere be-
tween two and three million dollars.
Throughout all China, we are preparing for the great
National Church Conference that is to be held next year
in May. I believe that the Chinese Church at that time
will take a great step forward in the organization of all
forms of church effort on national lines and coordinat-
ing them through a central Church Council. The Church
49 (199)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Council will function through Provinces and city federa-
tions, and it is the jo}^ and pride of Hangchow that our
own Union Evangelistic Committee is the first Church
Federation of all China.
50 (200)
Literature
THE GIFT OF TONGUES. Alexander Mackie. New York: George
H. Doran Company. 1921. $2.00.
Since the psychology of religion has almost become an independ-
ent science, and has courageously launched into fields of its own
choosing, every imaginable phase of religion has come under the
searchlight. The days of pioneering in this great department of
knowledge are coming to their close and we are beginning to walk in
fuller light.
Any student of the Bible, and every student of the psychologi-
cal phenomena of religious expression is in a measure acquainted
with that strange phenomenon, the gift of tongues. Some of us have
seen men and women who claimed to possess this "gift"; some of
us have heard men speak in "tongues", though I am sure it ever re-
mained a strange jargon to all of us.
Mr. Mackie's little book gives evidence of scholarship, of
thorough investigation. The author has undoubtedly made a
searching study of the subject. He comes to definite conclusions
and minces no words. He says that all religious experiences of the
type of the gift of tongues are usually associated with anti-moral
conduct and with transgressions of accepted moral standards in the
vita sexiialis. This whole matter of possessing such gifts he
claims to be pathological, and not of God. Such gifts as the
Ursuline nuns, the Camisards, the Shakers, the Irvingites, and the
Mormons claimed and claim are generally utterly unethical in
their results. Says Mr. Mackie: "It is certainly in the field of
ethics that we are to subject religion to its ultimate test." Again
we find that these gifts are found most frequently in such persons
who cannot lay claim to sound body or mind. "Whenever", to
quote the author, "hysteria has ruled religion it has left behind it
the horrid trail of crime and sin."
The book constitutes a scathing accusation of fraudulent sects
of the Middle Ages and of Irvingism and Mormonism of our own
day. The accusation does not come from the author's pen pri-
marily, but from the evidence brought into the reader's court.
The major part of the book is devoted to historical investiga-
tion. The material is ample and conclusive. Only two chapters
are given to the psychological and ethical aspect of the gift. This
is to be regretted. While the whole subject has received fuller
treatment many times, we should welcome a more elaborate ex-
pression of Mr. Mackie's views.
I am sure all who believe that the tongues movement is a crime
against intelligence will be happy to add this volume to their li-
brary.
Marshall, Mo ARNOLD H. LOWE.
Studies in the Book of Revelation. An Introduction, Analysis and
Notes. By Stephen Alexander Hunter, Ph.D., LL.D. Pitts-
burgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. 1921. $2.00.
The writer of this article was a member of a class that was
studying New Testament Theology under the direction of Dr. Casper
W. Hodge. We met in his study. We had come to "Apocalyptic
Literature." That night before the lesson Dr. Hodge took down
51 (201)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Semijiary
from a shelf in his library a Greek New Testament, and he said:
"Young gentlemen, this is the Greek New Testament of Dr. Addison
Alexander the greatest scholar and preacher in his day in our Church.
If you will look at it you will see that the' Book of Revelation is
worn as is the Psalms in a family Bible. Dr. Alexander used to say:
"I love it. 1 love it. I read it. I read it. I do not understand
a word of it." Dr. Hodge added, "Dr. Milligan is beginning to cast
some light upon this book and some day we shall understand it."
Dr. Hunter's particular interest in the Revelation and the rea-
son he made a thorough and particular study of it came about in
this way. A teacher expected to deal with this subject in a school
in which Dr. Hunter was interested and was unable to keep his
engagement. It was facetiously asserted that it made but little
difference for "nobody could explain it anyway." Dr. Hunter was
aroused, offered himself to teach that subject, and began the spe-
cial studies that resulted in this book.
There is more fanciful and useless literature upon this book
than upon any other portion of scripture. "The Revelation" is
the product of an Oriental imagination under special stress. When
it is interpreted by Occidentals in a prosaic fashion or as seen in
the light of Occidental imagination, the results are indeed startling.
As Dr. Hunter says, "What was originally designed to be the revela-
tion of a mystery has become instead the mystery of revelation."
And yet, in spite of the great diversities of interpretation (Dr.
Charles enumerates twelve varieties and does not then exhaust
them), the ordinary reader will not miss the great purpose of the
book. He may, as Dr. Alexander said, "Not understand a word of
it," and yet get the spirit of it and the lesson of it. Here is a book
of the imagination, but in its use of the imagination it employs the-
exact scientific means that are adapted to its purpose. The pur-
pose of this book is to arouse courage: courage to endure a pres-
ent in which not only comfort was imperiled but life itself was
threatened — courage to hope for a future of accomplishment and
glory. Its intention is to enable Christians to be loyal in the face
of martyrdom; to brave the powers that threaten to destroy the
Christian faith, and confidently to expect its final triumph. If
you would scare children or others, you appeal to the imagination.
It is the unknown that is best adapted to terrify. Would you stimu-
late courage, then appeal to the imagination and you can stir a
courage that may die, but it will die loyal and hopeful.
What capacity did Dr. Hunter bring to the interpretation of
this book? A heart in full sympathy with the Divine Lord who
speaks in this book; an experience of ministry not only among us
of the West but also, because of his years of missionary work in
the East, a knowledge of the working of other minds under other
ideals, ideals more akin to the conditions of thought and fact that
are represented in the Revelation. Then he was a capable and dili-
gent student. He applied himself assiduously that he might ac-
quaint himself with all that had been written about the Revelation.
Note the number and quality of the books referred to, all of which
Dr. Hunter did more than just read — he pored over them and
absorbed them. If he was not an original investigator in Apocalyp-
tic lore, he was fully acquainted with all that others had brought
to light. Then we can not but agree that Dr. Hunter possesses a
very discriminating judgment. He is not a partisan, but he holds
an equal balance when he is determining between opinions. For
this reason his conclusions are to be respected and not lightly dis-
52 (202)
Literature
carded. He has a clear and perspicuous literary style. What he
has to say can be readily perceived. He can reveal what is in his
mind in words that are easily understood.
This book will not be esteemed by those who look into the
Revelation as if it were a "blue print" of the future. Nor will any
recent commentary by informed and capable scholars afford mucla
encouragement to those who wish to pry into the secrets of history
yet to be recorded, and who desire to ascertain beforehand the de-
tails of ivhat is to come, and how it is to come.
Though Dr. Hunter may not solve every hard problem of in-
terpretation, he does help to a clear and sane understanding. He
opens the thoughts of the Seer of Patmos to our minds. He per-
suades us also that the Revelation is not a book to be avoided but
to be cultivated; for it speaks to all ages as certainly as it did to
its own age of the necessity of holding the faith and the certainty
of ultimate triumph.
There are many commentaries on the book of Revelation, sober,
illuminating books. Each has its own excellency. I have fifteen
such books. In my judgment Dr. Hunter's is as profitable a book
as one can get, unless it is desired to make a special and exact study
of it, and to go beyond all ordinary requirements. It is a pity that
the edition is limited and that the book is difficult to procure.
KiNLEY McMillan
An Introduction to the History of Christianity A. D. 590-1314. By
F. J. Foakes Jackson. New York: The Macmillan Company.
1921. pp. 390. $4.00.
In this work, Professor Jackson, who occupies the chair of
Christian Institutions in Union Theological Seminary, continues the
treatment of a previous volume and carries the history of the Church
from Pope Gregory the Great to the destruction of the Crusading
order of the Templars. At this last date, Boniface VIII, with
whom the decline of the mediaeval papacy was fully begun, was dead
and the papacy had become established at Avignon. Dante was
still living to witness the debasement of the papal office and to
speak bitterly of the murderous decrees against the Templars issued
by the French king and assented to by the first Avignon pope,
Clement V. Dr. Jackson promises another volume, setting forth
the "Decline and Fall of the Church-Empire." To what date this
treatment will bring the reader is not indicated, but it is probable
it will carry him to the XCV Theses, 1517.
In the division of the historic periods which recent writers have
made, it is interesting to compare with Dr. Jackson's work "The
Middle Ages" by Professor Munro of Princeton University, which
also appeared last year (1921). Dr. Munro fixes as the Iftaiits of
his period 395-1272, closing it before the Crusaders were obliged
to give up their last holdings in Syria and before the papacy of
Innocent III had begun to break up under Boniface VIII.
While Dr. Jackson's work is called an Introduction, it is really
a history of the period it covers. His space forbids him to go into full
details. Nevertheless he covers all the great chapters of ecclesias-
tical interest. This he does with clearness of division and defini-
tion and with a wise combination of the parts in their relation
one to the other and as chapters in the general history of the
53 (203)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Church. In the literature one misses all reference to German
works. Dollinger is not mentioned as an authority or coordinate
reading even on the medieval sects or the destruction of the Tem-
plar order. Nor is Gregorovius anywhere mentioned. On
the other hand, the reader is referred repeatedly to Milman. Al-
though the author does not enter into details sufficiently to en-
able him to pronounce final judgments in such cases as the corona-
tion of Charlemagne, he is usually exact in characterizing men and
movements. In cases one might be inclined to dissent as when
Innocent III is represented as being "compelled to accept the situ-
ation" forced upon Europe by the capture of Constantiople in 1204,
a generous judgment. For it is hard to see why, if Innocent had
not been moved by the world-wide scheme of the Roman bishop,
he might not have refused to recognize the abolition of the Byzan-
tine Empire accomplished by the greed of Venetians and would-be
Crusaders, hankering after the conquest of Syrian localities.
A second difference between the volumes of Professor Munro
and Dr. Jackson are the touches of vivid description with which
Professor Munro lights up his pages, as for example the descrip-
tion of that notable event In the history of the first Crusade, the
discovery of the Holy Lance. But for all this, the one work is no
less readable than the other and it will be profitable for a student
to have both works on his table, taking them up alternately in
order to see how neither leaves out anything that is really essen-
tial to the picture of the mediseval world and yet each supplies
much in the ecclesiastical realm which the other does not give.
The volume is brought to a close with a fine appreciation of
Dante whose excellence is not marred by the passing mistake that
Beatrice was older than the poet. The judicious survey given by
the author will stimulate the reader to meditate upon the contribu-
tions made to human thought and progress by the Middle Ages.
On the other hand, it will make clear the error of thinking of its
systems and institutions as final statements of Christian theology
or forms of Church polity; or of imagining that mediseval society
excelled the present age in purity of morals or that mediaeval piety
was marked by a sanctifying virtue superior to the piety of to-day.
D. S. SCHAFF.
Theology as an Empirical Science. By Douglas Clyde Macintosh,
Ph. D., Dwight Professor of Theology in Yale University. New York:
The Macmillan Company. 1919. Pp. XVI. 270. $2.00.
Professor Macintosh is not the first to attempt to treat theology
after the analogy of the empirical sciences so-called. Over half a
century ago Charles Hodge thought that the tasks of the scientist
and of the theologian were parallel. The scientist lists his assump-
tions, observes, gathers, and combines his facts, and then from the
facts thus ascertained and classified derives the laws according to
which their relations seem to be determined. The theologian also
lists his assumptions, "the laws of belief which God has impressed
upon our nature"; he then ascertains, collects, a^nd combines all the
facts which God has revealed concerning Himself and our relation
to Him, all of which are in the Bible; and last he deduces the princi-
ples involved in these facts and the laws that determine them.
This method Dr. Hodge employed in the three bulky volumes
54 (204)
Literature
which for so many years have done service as the basis
of the doctrinal instruction of so many Presbyterian ministers,
and which still stand in undisturbed and solitary grandeur on the
top row of the book shelf in the ministerial study. Did Dr. Hodge
succeed? Dr. Kuyper thinks that he did not, because all attempts to
place theology formally in a line with the other sciences are falsifi-
cations of the conception of theology in that they lose sight of the
distinction between God as Creator and all the rest of His creation.
With this judgment also agrees Dr. Bavinck who is of the opinion
that all such methods must fail because they overlook the truth
that the revelation of God does not supply us merely with facts which
we are to understand as best we can, but also with words that explain
to us the meaning of the facts. For example, our belief that Christ is
divine rests not merely on an induction of the facts concerning his
person, but on the direct assertion of the Scriptures.
Dr. Macintosh cannot be classified as a follower of Dr. Charles
Hodge, although verbally his aim and method are not dissimilar. He
wishes to make theology genuinely scientific, and in so doing to
rescue it from the contemptuous neglect with which thinking men
to-day regard it. To become scientific, however, means more than to
be consistent with presuppositions; it involves the testing of assump-
tions by the facts of experience. The task of the theologian is then,
as Dr. Macintosh sees it, first, to list the presuppositions; second,
to collect and collate the empirical data, in this field the revelation
of the divine within human experience; third, to generalize the data
so as to ascertain the laws; and fourth, to apply the laws practically
to evangelism and religious education.
Let us summarize in detail how Dr. Macintosh accomplishes the
task he sets himself. The presuppositions are as follows: first of
course come the epistemological, logical, and methodological pre-
suppositions which the special science of theology shares with all
other descriptive sciences; second are the pertinent results of other
sciences, the assured results of astronomy, physics, chemistry,
biology with its theory of evolution, and in particular the science of
religion together with the scientific history of religion; third, the
fact of man's freedom in the sense that he is not absolutely at the
mercy of what was his character the moment immediately preceding
the moment of his activity; fourth, the possibility at least of immor-
tality; fifth, the fact of sin and its evil consequences; and, sixth and
last, the presupposition peculiar to theology, the existence of God.
Granted these presuppositions, we are now in position to ex-
amine the empirical data of our science and to ascertain its laws. The
data collectively all belong to what the Church has denoted by the
name Revelation, the recognizable presence of the divine within the
field of human experience. Two concepts of the nature of Revelation
are at once rejected by Dr. Macintosh, the traditional view of revel-
ation, inspiration, and authority, that in the Scripture we have an
inspired, infallible, and authoritative disclosure of the divine; and
the rationalistic view of revelation as discovery of the divine by
the use of the intellect. The former view is in contradiction of the
facts as modern science appraises them, and the latter leads to
nothing but barren abstractions. There is, however, a third alter-
native, the religious consciousness as the source of revelation, and
this our author adopts as his own view, but with a slightly different
interpretation than that usually given to the notion. If we under-
stand the explanation offered, the problem seems to be that of
avoiding on the one hand the static objectivity of the traditional
55 (205)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
view of revelation, and on the other the empty subjectivity of the
rationalist view. The solution is found in the use of John Dewey's
revised notion of "coordinated reciprocal activities" applied to a
religious subject experiencing a religious object, which in the case
of the Christian religion is the personal life and character of Jesus
as presented in the Christian Bible. The experiencing subject
"selects" those qualities in the object that are of the greatest in-
terest or value or meaning, while the object, so to speak, lives in the
consciousness of the subject as that to which in reality feeling of
some sort or other attaches. The "laws of theology treated as an
empirical science are the formulations of certain fixed relationships
found to exist wherever the four "constants", God, natural laws,
social ^environment, and human nature, thrust themselves upon our
attention. These laws, if we follow Dr. Macintosh correctly, are
always expressible in the formula. If X, then Y, as, If prayer, then
some answer; If a right religious adjustment, then regeneration, etc.
through a long succession of observed sequences.
The last part of the book is devoted to an attempt to elaborate
a posteriori a definition of God and of his relation to the present and
future worlds. We shall merely mention this section without des-
cribing it in detail.
Dr. Macintosh has given us a most original and suggestive
volume, one that will well repay careful study even by those whose
"presuppositions" will not allow them to agree with the results
reached. At the same time there are certain hesitations that grow
upon one the longer one reflects upon what is here presented. Are
there after all any "empirical" sciences in the modern notion of
science? Is not all science to-day the attempt more or less success-
ful to understand more rationally some field of human experience
by "fitting" to it some mental model so-called already in the mind?
Are we not gradually abandoning as of merely historical interest
the sharp distinction of empirical and non-empirical that seemed so
important to our forefathers? If this is so, the attempt to treat
theology as an "empirical" science, is not so novel as it claims to be.
Again, if theology is in some sense the science of God, can we get
away from the assertion that God is an absolutely unique datum of
experience? He does not stand in line with other facts as a being
we can observe at will or isolate, or measure, or weigh, or test, or
control. He is not beneath us, but above us, and the truth of theology
is not what we think of God, but what God thinks of Himself and
makes known to us. This seems to have been what traditional Calvin-
ism was after, and, with all that may be said adversely to it, it still
tried to put the centre of gravity in God's knowledge of Himself,
not in the selective activity of the attention of the religious subject.
This leads to what perhaps is the most serious criticism that can be
brought against Dr. Macintosh's attempt, the treatment accorded to
Jesus Christ. The self-consciousness of God, that is to say,
"theology", is made known to us men in Jesus Christ, the one to
whom the entire Scripture bears testimony. The norm of all theology
is, therefore, the treatment accorded to Him, and this would be the
final test that we would apply to the book under review. By "presup-
position" of the pertinent results of the psychology and history of
religion, all the miraculous events connected with the life of Jesus
disappear as legendry embellishments or transformations of meta-
phorical teaching. In fact not only the miraculous disappears, but
also a great deal of the non-miraculous, so that there seems to be
little basis for any positive opinion as to what sort of person Jesus
56 (206)
Literature
as, or what were his ideas, purposes, and achievements. Neverthe-
iss Dr. Macintosh assures us that we may "presuppose" that we
■obably are entitled to be quite as sure that Jesus existed and as
) what he was, as we are to make the corresponding assertions about
Derates or the Buddha. But when we come to the treatment of the
ata, this is what Dr. Macintosh concludes concerning Jesus. Criti-
il evaluation of the original sources leaves merely a man who may
3 called "divine" because he was devoted to an ideal and was
loroughly social, but we have no way of certainly asserting that he
as pre-existent, nor that we can hold direct personal communica-
on with him, nor that some day he may not be equalled or even
•anscended by some individual in the future history of the human
ice on earth. We venture to assert that this notion of Jesus is lack-
ig in religious value and that it will not prevail. Yet Dr. Macintosh
Lves it to us as the product of the religious consciousness of the
lan who tries to be both critical and scientific and vital and practi-
il. But is it? How are we to determine the contents of this con-
uousness? Why not make a wide induction of many specimens of
ich consciousness? Ask questions; get the statistics; be sure of the
LCts — this would seem to be the "empirical-science" way. We sus-
ect, however, that Dr. Macintosh has not done this, but has simply
3t down as normative the contents of the religious consciousness
e knows best, that of Dr. Macintosh himself. But is this the method
f empirical science? The reader can answer this question as well as
e can. George Johnson
incoln University, Pa.
heological Reconstruction. A Plea for Freedom. By Rev. John
Edwards, M. A. Sidney, Australia: Angus and Robertson.
1921. Price Is.
We are indebted to Professor Samuel Angus for our copy of this
imphlet which contains the "inaugural address" of the Moderator
' the Presbyterian General Assembly of New South Wales. It was
3livered in St. Stephen's Church, Sydney, on May 10, 1921. This
Moderator's sermon is of interest to American readers because it
lows that the Australian Presbyterian Church is facing the same
sues as our Communion. The world is one in thought as well as
I commerce.
In the sermon the preacher makes a strong impassioned plea for
re-statement of the faith of the Church in terms that will harmon-
;e with the results of modern scientific and philosophical research,
new creed is possible because 'the Christian spirit is great enough
ad free enough to express its faith truly in forms consistent
ith the progress of knowledge.' The preacher has great reverence
)r the faith once delivered to the saints, 'but not as a static thing;
ither as a dynamic thing, a seed sown that it might live and
row, a word of life planted in a community of souls, to bring forth
•uit after its kind, season by season from generation to generation.'
he preacher goes on to lay down three principles on which a re-
;atement of our theology can be made. The first is that of freedom,
hich means the willingness and ability to face all the facts that bear
a the subject. The second principle is that of authority, but not as
is traditionally understood. All external authority must be re-
acted 'in favour of the only tenable conception of a final authori-
r — that is, the conception of the internal authority of the truth
57 (207)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
itself.' The thjrd necessary principle is the rejection of the duali'3-
tic philosophy which has been inherited from the past. After a
careful discussion of these principles, an application is made :o
the doctrines of the atonement and incarnation. The preacher
shows how much richer and fuller in content both of these funda-
mental doctrines are when we re-state them in the light of these
three fundamental principles. In harmony with Presbyterian tradi-
tion the world over, the sermon closes with an emphasis on the need
of an educated ministry and a theology of life and experience. In
the Australian Moderator's sermon we have a frank, scholarly, and
reverent discussion of a problem that the Church must face if she
expects to secure and keep the allegiance of educated men and
women.
Making the Bible Real. By Frederick Oxtoby, D. D. New York:
Fleming H. Revell Company. 1921. $1.00.
The volume before us is one of the most satisfactory brief in-
troductions to the study of the Bible that has been published in
recent years. Its chief merits are lucid exposition, a comprehensive
grasp of essential facts, a balanced sense of proportion, and accurate
scholarship. It is an elementary book intended for young people,
college students, and others who are taking their first steps in a
systematic study qf scripture. For this class of readers it is neces-
sary to select the most important facts and to clothe them in
simple language, and yet with such a touch of imagination that the
attention will be arrested and a permanent interest aroused. The
author has succeeded in doing this, as well as in giving a note of
reality to the presentation of his subject.
Dr. Oxtoby has followed the modern historical method. He be-
gins his discussion with a presentation of the geography and nat-
ural features of Palestine. These matters are fundamental, for
the Bible 'comes from Palestine, an Oriental country, and its con-
tents are given in Eastern modes of thought. Because of this, a
knowledge of the Holy Land and of its life and customs makes
more clear and real to us the Bible message.' Next the history of
the Old Testament is sketched, and this outline is followed by a
concise statement of the nature of prophecy and an exposition of the
main teachings of the Old Testament prophets. Two stimulating
chapters deal with "The Old Testament as Literature" and "The
Old Testament and Archfeology" respectively. No modern treat-
ment would omit these subjects, for the recognition of the Bible
as one of the greatest works of world literature, apart from its
religious excellencies, is one of the distinguishing marks of modern
Christianity, while the spade has completely destroyed the isolation
of Biblical history. The science of archaeology has recovered the
world in which the Bible was originally written and its truths were
first taught. Every student of the Bible should know the results
archaeological research as they bear on the sacred narrative. The
New Testament material is summed up in two chapters. The teach-
ings of Jesus Christ are presented by comparing them with those of
the Pharisees. The author says, "When we contrast the religion of
Christ, the religion of the Spirit, with the religion of the Pharisees,
the religion of the letter, we realize how wonderful Christianity
is. The former is an inner, spiritual religion, the latter an out-
ward, formal religion." In a second chapter the main elements of
58 (208)
\
Literature
the apostolic career of Paul are set forth under the title "Paul the
Man." The work closes with a brief chapter on the English Bible.
The hand of the experienced teacher is seen in the chronologi-
cal and literary tables that are found at the end of several of the
chapters. This feature adds greatly to the pedagogical value of the
book. Professor Oxtoby's volume deserves a wide circulation and
will be found well adapted for use in teacher training classes. We
recommend it very heartily to pastors who need a text book for this
purpose.
JAMES A. KELSO.
Teaching the Teacher. By James Oscar Boyd, Ph.D.,D.D., John
Gresham Machen, D.D., Walter Scott Athern, and Harold McA.
Robinson, D.D. Philadelphia: The Westminister Press. 1921. Paper
60 cents, cloth 85 cents.
This is intended as a first book in Teacher Training. Old and
New Testament History are given in outline from a conservative
point of view. Thirteen pages are devoted to a sketch of Church
History. A very excellent elementary introduction to the Study of
the Mind, is followed by a section devoted to the Church as a Teach-
ing Institution, in which good suggestions are made on effective use
of the Sunday School, The Daily Vacation Bible School, and Week
Day Religious Education, and on Correlation of the various agencies
in the Church to the end of Religious Education.
The lists of reference books for supplementary reading form
a valuable feature in connection with the treatment of the Study
of the Mind, and of the Church as a Teaching Institution.
The AA'eek Day Church School. By Walter Albion Squires, B. D.,
Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication. 1921. $1.25.
This is a worth while book for those who are unaware of the
great lieed of Religious Education in the program of the Church,
and for those who, knowing the need, would like to find out how
to more adequately meet the situation.
Here one will find information on the various attempts now
being made to supplement the ordinary educational agencies of the
Church, on the three types of Week Day Church School, on what
these schools are contributing toward the solution of Religious Edu-
cational problems, and on the problems involved in the organization
and administration of such schools.
The book will inspire the reader to desire to establish a school
and will be a valuable help in planning for it.
59 (209)
Alumniana
Rev. H. A. Grubbs, '93, Baltimore, Md., to Oakland, Md.
Rev. P. G. Schlotter, '01, New Castle, Pa., to Pataskala, Ohio.
Rev. T. E. Duffield, '0 6, Cherry Tree, Pa., to Windber, Pa.
Rev. W. C. Ferver, '07, New Waterford, Ohio, to Unity Church,
Shenango Presbytery.
Rev. J. Way Huey, '07, Pillsbury, N. Dak., to Grandin and Elm
River Churches, Fargo Presbytery, N. D.
Rev. P. G. Miller, '07, Canonsburg, Pa., to East End Church,
Bradford, Pa.
Rev. Arthur L. Hail, '09, Oakdale, Pa., to Allison Park, Pa.
Rev. W. F. Byers, '10, Bruin, Pa., to Corsica, Pa.
Rev. W. E. Hogg, '13 p-g, Three Rivers, Mich., to North Girard,
Pa.
Rev. George M. Duff, '14, Ellwood City, Pa., to Riverdale, New
York, N. Y.
Rev. J. A. King, '16, Darlington, Pa., to Concord and Frank-
fort, Ohio.
INSTALIiATIONS
Rev. M. D. McClelland, '95, Portersville, Pa., Oct. 26, 1921.
Rev. Percy H. Gordon, D.D., '96, Salem, Ohio.
Rev. Hugh Leith, D.D., '02, Second, Wilkinsburg, Pa., Oct. 20,
1921.
Rev. H. E. Kaufman, '04, Elderton, Whitesburg, and Currie's
Run, Pa., Nov. 15, 16, 17, 1921.
Rev. E. J. Travers, '12, Lonaconing, Md., Dec. 21, 1921.
Rev. M. H. Sewell, '12, Marietta, Ohio, Oct. 5, 1921.
Rev. E. B. Shaw, '13, North Church, Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 1,
1921.
Rev. C. C. Bransby, '13, Homewood, Pittsburgh, Pa., Nov. 16,
1921.
Rev. W. Gray Alter, '15, Marion Center and Gilgal, Pa.
Rev. A. E. French, '16, Sharpsburg, Pa., Oct. 20, 1921.
Rev. Glenn M. Crawford, '17, West Alexander, Pa., Dec. 1, 1921.
Rev. Howard Rodgers, '18, Natrona, Pa., Jan. 13, 1922.
NEW ADDRESSES
Rev. Francis A. Kerns, '8 8, Youngwood, Pa., to 316 Vermont
Ave., St. Cloud, Fla.
Rev. W. H. Sloan, '94, Avonmore, Pa., to Savannah, Ohio.
Rev. Percy H. Gordon, D.D., '96, Braddock, Pa., to 30 E. Sixth
St., Salem, Ohio.
Rev. C. S. Beatty, D.D., '00, Valhalla, N. Y., to Fifth and West
Sts., Coudersport, Pa.
Rev. E. J. Knepshield, '05, Deer Lick, Pa., to R. D. 1, Fayette
City, Pa.
Rev. J. Way Huey, '07, Pillsbury, N. Dak., to Grandin, N. Dak.
Rev. D. G. MacLennan, '14, Lamar, Colo., to 401 E. Sherman St.,
Hutchinson, Kan.
Rev. W. O. Yates, '15 p-g, Allentown, Pa., to Swissvale, Pa.
Rev. Glenn M. Crawford, '17, Ford City, Pa., to West Alex-
ander, Pa.
60 (210)
Alumniana
ACCESSIONS
Rev. Maurice E. Wilson, D.D., '79, College Hill, Beaver Palls, Pa. 17
Rev. C. S. McClelland, '80, Mt. Washington, Pa 8
Rev. O. N. Verner, '86, McKees Rocks, Pa 12
Rev. S. A. Kirkbride, '92, Neshannock, Pa 14
Rev. W. L. McClure, D. D., '93, Third, Altoona, Pa 41
Rev. R. Frank Getty, '94, Murrysville, Pa 6
Rev. J. M. Spargrove, '94, East Green, Erie Presbytery 25
Rev. J. M. Spargrove, '94, Cool Spring, Erie Presbytery 29
Rev. Paul J. Slonaker, '95, Central, North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa. 14
Rev. M. D. McClelland, '9 5, Portersville, Pa 9
Rev. R., L. Biddle, '95, Mt. Pisgah, Pittsburgh Presbytery 44
Rev. W. A. Atkinson, '96, First, Rochester, Pa 30
Rev. Wm. F. McKee, D. D., '96, First, Monongahela, Pa 14
Rev. H. M. Hosack, '98, First, Newell, W. Va 18
Rev. W. J. Hutchison, D. D., '98, First, Kittanning, Pa 15
Rev. E. L. Mcllvaine, '98, First, Meadville, Pa 19
Rev. J. M. Potter, D. D., '98, Vance Memorial, Wheeling, W. Va. 9
Rev. Gill I. Wilson, '9 9, First, Parkersburg, W. Va 6
Rev. J. Byers Price, '00, Forest Lawn, Marion, Ohio 12
Rev. J. H. Lawther, '01, First, Niles, Ohio 33
Rev. R. P. Lippincott, '02, Cadiz, Ohio 3 8
Rev. Wm. F. Fleming, '03, First, Ligonier, Pa 22
Rev. M. M. Rodgers, '03, Sunnyside, South Bend, Ind 26
Rev. D. P. MacQuarrie, D.D., '05, Hiland, Perrysville, Pa 12
Rev. W. R. Craig, '06, First, Butler, Pa 40
Rev. C. B. Wingerd, Ph.D., '10, Martin's Ferry, Ohio 10
Rev. George Taylor, Jr., Ph.D., '10, First, Wilkinsburg, Pa 47
Rev. M. A. Matheson, Ph.D. '11, Prospect, Ashtabula, Ohio ... .14
Rev. Geo. L. Glunt, 11, Oakland, Pittsburgh, Pa 22
Rev. E. J. Travers, '12, Bethesda, Millport, Ohio 21
Rev. J. A. Doerr, '16, Belle Valley, Pa 14
Rev. Ralph V. Gilbert, '16, Girard, Pa 9
Rev. J. L. Robison, '17, Port Royal, Pa 2 2
Rev. C. R. Wheeland, '17, Irving Park, Chicago, 111 11
Rev. L. R. Lawther, '17, Central, McKeesport, Pa 55
Rev. Harrison Davidson, '18, Two Ridges, Ohio 7
GENERAL ITEMS
1862
On November 10, 1921, the East Buffalo Presbyterian Church
dedicated a tablet to the memory of Rev. Henry Woods, D.D.,
and members of the session who served with him. Dr. Woods
served this church until his death in 1916, a period of forty-five
years.
1863
The Biography of Rev. Hunter Corbett, D.D., LL.D., fifty-
six years a missionary in China, has recently been published. It
was written by his son-in-law. Rev. James R. E. Craighead, and
is largely a character study.
1871
On Sunday, October 23, 1921, the Presbytery of Pittsburgh
unveiled a tablet in the Raccoon Presbyterian Church, commemo-
(211)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
rating the fiftieth anniversary of the pastorate of Rev. Greer Mc-
Ilvain Kerr, D. D. The sermon was preached by Rev. James A.
Kelso, D.D., LL.D., a prayer of dedication delivered by Rev. A. S.
Hunter, LL.D., and Mr. Robert J. Gibson presented greetings from
the eldership of the Presbytery.
Rev. and Mrs. G. A. Funkhouser, of Dayton, Ohio, celebrated
their golden wedding anniversary on Oct. 26, 1921. Dr. Funkhouser
has spent the entire fifty years since his graduation and marriage
in Dayton. We extend our congratulations to Dr. and Mrs. Funk-
houser.
1876
On Sunday afternoon, December 18th, beautiful and impres-
sive services marked the unveiling of the memorial tablet com-
memorating the fifty years of the ministry of the Rev. Joseph M.
Duff, D'.D., in the First Presbyterian Church, of Carnegie.
1886
Rev. George P. Donehoo, D.D., has resigned the First Pres-
byterian Church of Coudersport, Pa., to become State Librarian at
Harrisburg, under appointment of Governor Sproul.
1888
Rev. Joseph L. Hunter, for many years a chaplain in the regu-
lar army, has been made head of the Chaplain's School at Camp
Bragg.
1892
Rev. S. A. Kirkbride, of Neshannock Church, New Wilmington,
has accepted the position of pastor-at-large of Beaver and Shenango
Presbyteries.
Rev. Charles L. Chalfant, of Caldwell, Idaho, has recently taken
up work as financial secretary of the Presbyterian Hospital of Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
1896
Rev. Grant E. Fisher, D.D., of Turtle Creek, Pa., addressed the
Ministers' Meeting in December on the subject of "Conscience."
The Presbyterian Church of Monongahela, Pa., celebrated its
125th anniversary in November. Dr. W. O. Campbell, D.D., (Class
of 1866), of Sewickley, Pa., delivered the address at the Sunday
morning service, and a striking part of the exercises was the pre-
sentation of fifty yellow chrysanthemums to Dr. Campbell, com-
memorating the fiftieth anniversay of his pastorate in that Church;
and fifteen ,white chrysanthemums to the present pastor, Rev. W.
F. McKee, D.D., as this date marked Dr. McKee's fifteenth anni-
versary as pastor. Fifty years ago Dr. Campbell was installed pas-
tor of the Monongahela Church and served it for fifteen years.
1897
Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D.D., celebrated his eighth anniversary
in Shadyside Church, Pittsburgh, October 9th. Recently Dr. Kerr
conducted a series of six supper meetings with his young people,
taking them through a small text book in apologetics. The class
met for an hour before the Wednesday evening prayer meeting.
62 (212)
Alumniana
1899
Rev. A. L. Wiley, Ph.D., of Ratnagiri, India, has been on fur-
lough during the past winter. His address is 7111 Kelly Street,
Pittsburgh. Dr. and Mrs. Wiley have addressed a great many meet-
ings in this vicinity, as well as having made speaking tours in Kan-
sas, Illinois, and Ohio.
1901
Rev. C. F. Irwin, Chaplain of the 147th Inf., O.N.G., Eaton,
Ohio, was promoted to the rank of Captain-Chaplain both in
the Officers Reserve Corps of the Regular Army and in the Federal
Guards of Ohio. The Adjutant General of Ohio requested him tn
present a paper on "Military Athletics" before the Ohio National
Guard Association in Columbus, in January, 1922. Chaplain Irwin
is making a special study of this work and this winter has been
carrying on active work in the companies of his regiment. He was
appointed by the Attorney General of Ohio to act as Chairman for
Preble County in the handling of the Soldiers' Compensation of
Ohio. This involved the handling of about 750 cases of service men
entitled to compensation for services in the recent war. Chaplain
Irwin is chairman of the County Council, American Legion. In
November Chaplain Irwin addressed the Noontide Club, of Dayton,
Ohio, on "American Masonry in the A. E. F." This is the largest
Club in Dayton, and at the conclusion of the address he was made
an honorary member of the Club.
1903
The Board of Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church have
recently elected the Rev. Titus Lowe, D.D., of Omaha, Nebraska,
secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, to succeed Dr. S.
Earl Taylor. Dr. Lowe spent five years as pastor of the Thoburn
Methodist Church at Calcutta. His last pastorate has been at
Omaha, Neb., where he has served the First M. E. Church for eight
years.
Sunnyside Presbyterian Church, South Bend, Ind., Rev. M. M.
Rodgers, pastor, expects to erect a church building costing 1 9 0,0 00,
which, with the new nanse, will bring the value of the church pro-
perty to $125,000.
1904
Rev. Andrew I. Keener, pastor of the Presbyterian Church
of Clinton, New York, has been assisted in twelve Sunday even-
ing services by the Hamilton College faculty. Under Mr. Keener's
leadership the church has made steady progress in all departments
of work.
1906
The Concord Presbyterian Church, Presbytery of Pittsburgh,
of which Rev. C. E. Ludwig is the pastor, during the week of
Nov. 27, 1921, celebrated the ninetieth anniversary of the found-
ing of the church. The following graduates of the Seminary took
part in the anniversary program: Drs. Joseph M. Duff ('76), A. H.
Jolly ('80), and P. W. Snyder ('00).
63 (213)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
1907
At the Sunday evening services during the month of January,
Rev. John W. Christie, pastor of the Mt. Auburn Presbyterian
Church, of Columbus, Ohio, delivered five popular lectures on
Church History. The subjects were as follows: "Christianity in
the Roman Empire," "The Development of the Church and the
Papacy," "A Great Pope and a Great Monk in the Middle Ages,"
"The Crusades," "Martin Luther and the Reformation."
1910
Rev. Homer George McMillen was recently installed pas-
tor of the First Presbyterian Church of St. Clairsville, Ohio. Mr.
McMillen has been pastor of the Church at Holliday's Cove, W. Va.,
ever since his graduation. This pastorate was marked by the erec-
tion of a modern church building and by a large increase in the
membership of the congregation.
Rev. George S. Watson has accepted a call to the Presbyterian
Church at Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Mr. Watson has an enviable record
for his eleven years of service in Kentucky. He was commissioned
by the Board of Home Missions to work in Rockcastle County, Ky.,
in May, 1910; called by the Third Church of Pittsburgh to the
Owsley County field in October, 1913; made stated clerk of the
Mountain Presbytery of Buckhorn at its organization, Sept. 13,
1918; and elected moderator of the Synod of Kentucky, meeting at
Frankfort, Oct. 11, 1921.
1911
Rev. Charles C. Cribbs, pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church of Apollo, Pa., has been invited to speak at a conference at
Ohio Wesleyan University on the teaching of Church music to young
people. Mr. Cribbs received this invitation because of his great
success in organizing a vocational school in connection with his work
in the Beechwoods Church.
1912
The First Presbyterian Church of Wellsburg, W. Va., publishes
an interesting church paper, "The Chimes". It is now in its third
volume. Its success is to be attributed to its editor. Rev. P. E.
Burtt.
Rev. Mayson H. Sewell, formerly of New Philadelphia, Ohio, was
installed pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, of Marietta, Ohio,
on Oct. 5, 1921.
1913
The Rev. and Mrs. 0. Scott McParland are to be congratulated
on the recent arrival of a daughter, Alice Clare, Mr. McFarland is
pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of New Brighton, Pa.
1914
On Oct. 13, 1921, Ebenezer Church, the first Presbyterian
Church established in Indiana County, Pa., celebrated the 130th an-
niversary of its organization. Rev. J. W. Fraser is the present pastor.
Rev. W. R. Van Buskirk, has resigned Coraopolis Presbyterian
Church to become assistant to Rev. Maitland Alexander, D.D., of the
First Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.
64 (214)
I
Alumniana
1916
Rev. Ralph V. Gilbert, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church
of Girard, Pa., has been preaching several series of sermons: one
under the general title "Studies in Ecclesiastes" during January,
and "Some Great Questions" during February. At the prayer meet-
ing service they have just completed a study of the Prophets.
1917
Rev. Le Roy Lawther, pastor of the Central Presbyterian
Church of McKeesport, at a recent communion service had a large
accession to his congregation. On this occasion fifty-five new mem-
bers united with the church.
Irving Park Presbyterian Church, Chicago, 111., has recently
voted to increase the salary of the pastor. Rev. C. R. Wheeland,
$600. During the first year of Mr. Wheeland's pastorate there
were 131 additions to the membership, the expense budget was
doubled and the benevolent gifts tripled. A fund for a new com-
munity house has been started and plans are being drawn for the
new building.
1918
Rev. Howard Rodgers was installed pastor of the First Church
of Natrona, Pa., on January 13th. Mr. Rodgers comes to Natrona
from Harrisburg, Pa., where he has served as assistant pastor in the
Market Square Presbyterian Church.
1919
Rev. W. W. McKinney, pastor of Round Hill Presbyter-
ian Church, Elizabeth, Pa., was recently elected President of the
Monongahela Valley Ministerial Association.
Rev. William P. Mellott was installed pastor of the Presbyter-
ian Church of Bellville, Ohio, on Tuesday evening, Jan. 10th. Rev.
Ross E. Conrad ('17) preached the sermon.
1921
Two very enjoyable receptions were given in honor of Rev.
R. H. Henry and his wife, by the members of the two congre-
gations in their field of labor, the Rich Hill and Volant Presbyterian
Churches. Mr. Henry was installed pastor of these churches short-
ly after his graduation last spring, and later was married to Miss
Zula Miller, of Indiana, Pa.
Rev. Joseph A. ' Martin was married to Miss Ruth Miller,
of Derry, Pa., on October 15th. Immediately after the wedding Mr.
and Mrs. Martin sailed for Scotland, where they expect to spend
two years in study at the University of Edinburgh. Their address
is 21 Brougham St., Edinburgh, Scotland.
65 (215)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
FACULTY NOTES
At a recent meeting of the Trustees of the American School
of Archaeology at Jerusalem, Dr. Kelso was appointed honorary lec-
turer for the year 1922.
Dr. Breed has spent the past six months in Southern California,
where he has been conducting a series of conferences on Bible teach-
ing and interpretation for the Los Angeles Presbytery. "The
Angelus", a paper published by the Church Extension Board of Los
Angeles Presbytery, contains the following tribute to Dr. Breed's
ability as a preacher and teacher: "Hope long deferred sometimes
has a satisfactory issue. This is one of the times. Los Angeles
Presbytery has long sought a leader in the realm of Bible teaching
and interpretation, who would stimulate ministers and churches to
a more comprehensive study of God's Word. The New Era Com-
committee is fortunate in securing Rev. David R. Breed D.D., LL.D.,
of Western Seminary, Pittsburgh, to undertake this important mis-
sion. His experience as preacher and pastor, and his eminence
as a teacher, make him one of the most prominent men in the Pres-
byterian Church. He has a special gift as an observer and in the
use of illustration that gives him the keen attention of young as
well as adult hearers."
"The Quarterly Register," the organ of the Alliance of Re-
formed Churches Holding the Presbyterian System, contains a note
with reference to Dr. Snowden's address at the Pittsburgh Council
on 'The Written Word.' The writer says it "was a remarkable feat.
It succeeded in pleasing everybody by its finely balanced treatment
of a difficult subject." Another member of the Pittsburgh Council
writes of "Professor Snowden's balanced exposition of fundamental
principles of Biblical interpretation."
On Oct. 9th, Dr. Farmer addressed the Pittsburgh Minister's
Meeting, taking for his subject "Some Present Tendencies with a
Guess at their meaning."
Dr. Vance gave a course of five lectures on "Crises in the Life
of Jesus" in the North Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.
66 (216)
THE BULLETIN
OF THE
Western Theological Seminary
A Review Devoted to the Interests of
Theological Eaucation
Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October, by the
Trustees of the Western Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church
in the United States of America.
Edited by the President with the co-operation o{ the Faculty.
OlnntentB
Page
Ninety-Second Commencement 5
Rev. Frank Eakin, B. D.
Inauguration of Dr. Vance 8
President's Report 33
Librarian's Report 49
Financial Report 54
Literature 36
Alumniana 68
Elliott Lectures 76
Centennial Celebration 76
Communications for the Editor and all business matters should be
addressed to
REV. JAMES A. KELSO,
731 Ridge Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
75 cents a year. Single Number 25 cents.
Each author is solely responsible for the views expressed in his article.
Entered as second-class matter December 9, 1909, at the postoffice at Pittsburgh, Pa.
( Xorth Diamond Station) under the act of August 24, 1912.
, , Press of
pittsburgh printing company
pittsburgh, pa,
1922
Faculty
The Rev. JAMES A. KELSO, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.
President and Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature
The Nathaniel W, Conkling Foundation
The Rev. ROBERT CHRISTIE, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Apologetics
The Rev. DAVID RIDDLE BREED, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Homiletics
The Rev. DAVID S. SCHAFF, D. D.
Professor of Ecclesiastical History and History of Doctrine
The Rev. WILLIAM R. FARMER, D. D.
Reunion Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution
The Rev. JAMES H. SNOWDEN, D. D., LL. D.
Professor of Systematic Theology
The Rev. SELBY FRAME VANCE, D. D., LL. D.
Memorial Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis
The Rev. DAVID E. CULLEY, Ph. D.
Associate Professor of Hebrew
The Rev. FRANK EAKIN, B. D.
Instructor in New Testament Greek and Librarian
Prof. GEORGE M. SLEETH
Instructor in Elocution
Mr. CHARLES N. BOYD
Instructor in Music
(219)
The But Id in
— of the —
WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
Volume XIV. July, 1922. No. 4
Ninety-Second Commencement.
The Rev. Fra^k Eakin, B. D.
Thursday, May 4, was AVestern Seminary's ninety-
second Commencement Day. On the preceding Sunday
the baccalaureate sermon was preached by President
Kelso in the Tabernacle Presbyterian Church. Follow-
ing last year 's precedent the main exercises were held at
eight o'clock in the evening in the First Presbyterian
Church on Sixth avenue. The address was delivered by
the Rev. Harris E. Kirk, D. D., of Baltimore. Fifteen
students participated in the exercises, fourteen being
graduates of this year's class and one receiving the post-
graduate degree of Bachelor of Divinity. In addition
the names of seven members of the lower classes ap-
peared on the program as recipients of prizes and
awards.
The roll of the graduating class is as follows : Clif-
ford E. Barbour, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Archibald F. Fulton,
Ayreshire, Scotland; Lewis A, Galbraith, Independence,
Pa. ; Elgie L. Gibson, Petrolia, Pa. ; Daniel Hamill, Jr.,
Pittsburgh, Pa.; Lyman N. Lemmon, Mt. Pleasant, Pa.;
Ralph K. Merker, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Walter H. Millinger,
5 (221)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Pittsburgh, Pa.; Basil A. Murray, North Warren, Pa.;
Samuel Gr. Neal, Bulger, Pa.; Roscoe W. Porter, Sum-
merville, Pa.; Emile A. Rivard, Charleroi, Pa.; Paul L.
Warnshuis, Blairsville, Pa. ; James Wallace Willoughby,
Attica, Incl.
The degree of Bachelor of Divinity was conferred
upon Rev. David Lester Sa^^, of the class of 1917, upon
the completion of a year's graduate study. Mr. Say is
pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Cross Creek, Pa.
Three important awards were made to members of the
graduating class as follows: The Seminary Fellowship
was awarded to Mr. Millinger. This fellowship is given
to the student who has maintained the highest standing
in all departments during the three years of residence.
It carries with it a cash award of $500, to be used in
graduate study. The Greek Prize, given to the student
who during the three years of his course has maintained
the highest standing in the Greek language and exegesis,
was awarded to Mr. Warnshuis. The amount of this
prize is $100, contributed by the members of the Class of
1911. The Keith Memorial Homiletical Prize of $100,
marking the highest standing in the department of homi-
letics, was awarded to Mr. Willoughby. Merit prizes,
granted to members of the lower classes who have main-
tained the grade ''A" in all departments, were awarded
to Messrs. Calvin H. Hazlett and Willard C. Mellin of
the Middle Class, and to Messrs. Eugene L. Biddle, Ralph
W. Illingworth, Harold F. Post, Deane C. Walter, and
James Carroll Wright, of the Junior Class. Mr. Post
also received the Junior Hebrew Prize.
The majority of the members of the graduating class
are already located in pastorates: Mr. Fulton at Belle
Vernon, Pa.; Mr. Galbraith at Independence, Pa.; Mr.
Hamill at McKinley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Mr. Lemmon
at Worthington and Glade Run, Pa.; Mr. Murray at
Appleby Manor and Crooked Creek, Pa.; Mr. Neal at
Elrama, Pa.; Mr. Porter at Arlington Heights, Pitts-
6 (222)
Ninety -Second Com/menctment
burgh, Pa.; Mr. Eivard at Chaiieroi, Pa. Mr. Barbour
plans to go abroad within a few weeks, and will devote a
year to graduate studies at the University of Edinburgh.
Mr. Merker will continue at Western Seminary for a
year 's graduate work. Mr. Millinger expects to take up
pastoral work for a time before making use of his fellow-
ship, but is not certain as to his location. Mr. Gibson's
plans also are as yet indefinite. Mr. Warnshuis will
work under the Home Mission Board in Santa Fe, New
Mexico, but before taking up that work he expects to
spend six months in Mexico City, Mexico. Mr. Wil-
loughby is under appointment by the Board of Foreign
Missions to a station in AVest Persia.
It Avill be remembered that a year ago the Board of
Directors granted Dr. Kelso a leave of absence for a
year. At this Commencement announcement was made
of his intention to leave, within the next feAv months, for
the Near East. Much of his time will be devoted to arch-
aeological studies in Egypt and Palestine. He will be
honoi'ary lecturer in the American School of Archaeology
at Jerusalem. Arrangements have been made for tak-
ing care of his class work in his absence, and Dr. Farmer
will be acting president. The alumni, at the dinner
Thursday evening, presented Dr. Kelso with a watch, as
a token of affection and esteem.
The Seminary will celebrate its centennial in 1927.
At the alumni business meeting on Thursday tentative
plans Avere made for the completion, by that date, of an
alumni endoAvment fund of $100,000.
The Board of Directors elected as president Dr.
Kerr of Shadyside Church, Pittsburgh; as vice-presi-
dent. Dr. S pence of Uniontown; and as secretary. Dr.
Taylor of the First Church, Wilkinsburg. The Board of
Trustees elected Mr. Ralph W. Harbison president, Mr.
Charles A. Dickson vice-president, and Dr. S. J. Fisher,
secretary.
7 (223)
The Inauguration of the Rev. Selby Frame
Vance, D. D., LL. D.
Program of Exercises
* Rev. C. C. Hays, D. D.,
President of the Board of Directors, Presiding
DOXOLOGY
INVOCATION
Rev. C. C Hays, D. D.
SCRIPTURE LESSON: Colossians 1:9-23
Rev. John McNaugher, D. D., LL. D.
SUBSCRIPTION and DECLARATION
The Professor Elect
PRAYER OF INDUCTION
Rev. William Reed Craig
CHARGE
Rev. Saimuel Black McCormick^ D. D., LL D
HYMN No. 289
INAUGURAL ADDRESS
HYMN No. 395
BENEDICTION
The formal induction of the Rev. Selby Frame Vance,
D. D., LL. D., into the professorship of New Testament
Literature and Exegesis took place on Monday, April 10,
at eleven o'clock. Those in attendance included alumni
and friends of the Seminary located in the city and vi-
cinity, and also visitors from a greater distance. Edu-
cational institutions in various parts of the country were
represented as follows :
Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, N. J., Rev.
Benjamin F. Farber, D. D.
The Rev. Selby Frame Vance, D. D., LL. D., was elected Professor of
New Testament Literature and Exeg-esis in the Western Theological
Seminary, May s, 1921, and was inaugurated Monday, April 10, 1922, at
II A. M. The services were held in the Assembly Room, Swift Hall.
8 (224)
Inauguration of Dr. Vance
Auburn Theological Seminary, Auburn, N. Y., Rev. Sam-
uel Black Linhart, D. D.
Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh, Pa., Rev.
John McNaugher, D. D., LL. D. ; Rev. W. R. Wilson,
D. D.; Rev. David F. McGill, D. D., LL. D.; Rev.
Jas. G. Hunt, D. D. ; Rev. Jeremia Kruidenier, D. D.
Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, 0., Rev. Finis
King Farr, D. D., Cincinnati, 0.
Union Theological Seminary, New York, N. Y., Rev.
Stanley A. Hunter.
Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J., Rev. Jacob
S. Payton.
Omaha Theological Seminary, Omaha, Neb., Rev. L. C.
Denise, D. D.
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., Rev. S. B. Mc-
Cormick, D. D., LL. D. ; Rev. S. B. Linhart, D. D.
Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., Rev. Luther C.
Freeman, D. D.
Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., Rev. H. A. Baum.
Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind., Prof. Jesse H.
White.
Marietta College, Marietta, 0., Rev. William E. Boet-
ticher.
Wittenberg College, Springfield, 0., President Rees Ed-
gar Tulloss.
Pennsylvania College for Women, Pittsburgh, Pa., Presi-
dent John C. Acheson, LL. D.
Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa., Judge H.
Walton Mitchell.
College of Wooster, Wooster, 0., Rev. J. Milton Vance,
Ph.D.
9 (225)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., Prof. Kei-
vin Burns, Ph.D.
Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa., Rev. G. P. West.
Grove City College, Grove City, Pa., President Weir C.
Ketler, A. M.
The visiting delegates together with members of
the Board of Directors and the Faculty of Western Sem-
inary made up the academic procession, which formed
in Herron Hall and proceeded to the Assembly Room in
Swift Hall, where the exercises were to take place. Dr.
Calvin C. Hays, president of the Board of Directors, pre-
sided. The Scripture lesson was read by President John
McNaugher of the Pittsburgh (United Presbyterian)
Seminary, and the prayer of induction offered by Rev.
Wm. R. Craig of Butler, Pa. Dr. S. B. McCormick, for-
mer chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh, delivered
the charge to the professor-elect, after which came the
main address of the day — Dr. Vance's inaugural.
Dr. McCormick, in delivering the charge, laid great
stress upon the very great and far-reaching influence that
may be wielded by a teacher of Christian ministers — in-
deed upon what he affirmed to be the primacy of such a
position among all the professions. Dr. Vance's theme
was ''The Message of the New Testament for To-day."
He dwelt first upon the divine origin of the New Testa-
ment, as giving authority to its message, then proceeded
to sketch the salient features of the message itself, with
its particular application to different conditions and
groups in modern society. Both these addresses are
printed in full in this number of the Bulletin.
Dr. Vance is a native of Illinois. He received the
A. B. degree at Lake Forest University in 1885 and the
A. M. from the same institution in 1888. In subsequent
10 (.226)
. Inaugural AddredS
years honorary degrees were conferred upon him by Par-
sons College (D. D., 1902) and by Cumberland Univer-
sity, Tennessee (LL. D., 1916). He was instructor in
Latin at Lake Forest University in 1885-88, attended
Princeton Theological Seminary in 1888-90, and gradu-
ated from McCormick Theological Seminary in 1891. In
1893-95 he studied at the University of Berlin. He was
pastor at Girard, Kansas, in 1891-93, professor of Greek
at Parsons College, 1895-1900 ; professor of English Bible
at the University of Wooster, 1900-05 ; professor of
Church History at Lane Theological Seminary, 1905-10,
and of English Bible in the same institution from 1910
until called to the present position in 1921.
Inaugural Address
The Message of the New Testament for To-Day.
Whether the origin of the New Testament be human
or divine has much to do with its message.
Whence came the New Testament"? Its several
books were written by men of the First Century to meet
what they conceived to be the religious needs of that age.
These men testified that their religious conceptions, so
radically different from those of their contemporaries,
were not original with themselves but had their origin in
a person whom men knew under the name, Jesus of Naz-
areth. Who was this Jesus who had recreated their re-
ligious and theological thinking and had caused them to
write the New Testament?
Of his early life little is known except that it was
an humble one. One of his biographers writes sugges-
tively of His first twelve years: "The child grew and
waxed strong, becoming full of wisdom and the grace
of God was upon him." When twelve years old, Jesus
said to his mother, "Knew ye not that I must be in my
Father's house?" No Jew, and, if no Jew, surely no
11 (227)
The Bulletm of the Western Theological Seminary
Gentile had ever before called God his father. The same
biographer characterizes the next eighteen years thus:
''And Jesus advanced in wisdom and stature and in favor
with God and man. ' ' He was evidently remarkable both
as boy and man for his spiritual insight and close fellow-
ship with God.
A¥hen he was about thirty years of age, a great
preacher appeared, stirring the people from one end of
the land to the other, proclaiming the necessity of re-
pentence and baptism, because ' ' the Kingdom of Heaven
is at hand." After many had come to John, Jesus also
came, asking to be baptized. The conversation between
the two men indicates that both recognized this singular
thing, that in Jesus' case there was no need of repentence,
and that was because there was no sin of which to repent.
After the baptism, Jesus heard a voice which said, "Thou
art my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased, ' ' a strik-
ing combination of a Messianic phrase found in the sec-
ond psalm and the thought of suffering as presented in
the servant passages in Isaiah. This message from
heaven made such a profound impression upon him that
for forty days, oblivious of aught else, he pondered only
its bearing upon his life. As a result of that meditation
he entered upon a public career. Attracted by his words
and deeds, greater crowds followed him than had fol-
lowed John. A few men were draAvn into an inner circle.
Upon these few Jesus made such a remarkable impres-
sion, that after his departure from this world, they spoke
of him as exalted at the right hand of God, and called him
Saviour, God's Holy Servant, The Holy and Righteous
One, The Prince of Life, a Prince and Saviour, Lord,
and Judge at the Last Day.
His brother James calls him Lord, and Lord of
Glory, the full significance of which expressions will only
appear when one remembers that the background of all
James' thought is that of the Old Testament, and that
there Lord is applied only to Jehovah. When Peter
12 (228)
Incmgural Address
affirms that the spirit of Christ was in the prophets of
old, he evidently believes that Christ is divine. For
John he is * ' The Son of God, " " The only begotten of the
Father, " " The Word become flesh. ' ' In the book of Rev-
elation he is "The First and The Last and The Living
One," "He that hath the seven spirits of God," ''The
Son of God."
Paul, who was well acquainted with the facts of his
life, asserts that he met him several years after his death,
outside of the walls of Damascus and says that he is
* ' the Son of God, declared to be such by the resurrection
from the dead." Of him, he writes, "Who counted not
the being on an equality with God a thing to be grasped, ' '
"Who is the image of the invisible God," "It was the
pleasure of the Father that in him should all fulness
dwell." For Paul, also, Jesus was essentially deity. The
writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews, affirming that he
received his information from those who had personally
known Jesus, calls him "Son of God" and writes "Whom
God appointed heir of all things, through whom he made
the worlds; who being the effulgence of his glory and
the very image of his substance, and upholding all things
by the word of his power, when he had made purification
for sins, sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on
High." Such is the conception of Jesus held by mem-
bers of the inner circle and by others who had been close-
ly associated with them.
What should lead these writers of the New Testa-
ment to such a conception ? At first, Jesus seemed to his
early disciples to be only a wonderful man. But by his
quiet daily revelation of himself, he gradually overcame
any preconceptions that men who were wholly mono-
theistic might have and convinced them that while he was
thoroughly human, he was also divine. This seemed to
be the only possible explanation of his unique person-
ality. If we would understand how this came about, we
must study him, putting ourselves as far as possible in
13 (229)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
the position of the disciples, and striving to discover
what exactly it was in him that produced that result.
First, notice Jesus' conception of fellowship with
God.
He taught that it is an inward experience, not as
the religious leaders of the day taught, a matter of ex-
ternal observance of the law. "The pure in heart shall
see God." The supreme law of life is love to God and to
man. This involves faith, obedience, prayer. It ex-
cludes formalism, worldliness, superstition, ceremonial-
ism. In such teaching he reveals his own experience and
moral character. No man, not even prophet, had ever
attained to such a conception of fellowship with God and
such an experience of oneness with the Eternal.
' Second, notice Jesus' conception of God.
Not less than the great prophets of Israel, did he
teach the holiness, the majesty, the wisdom, and the pu-
rity of God. But the distinctive thing is that one should
think of God as Father. This is comforting, but also
heart-searching. For if God is Father, men should be
sons, which means likeness in character to God. Jesus
proposed a moral standard the most severe that the
world ever heard. His own life exemplified what sonship
meant. For he exacted of himself the severest moral re-
quirements, the utmost self-adaptation, self-denial, wis-
dom, grace, sympathy, patience in training the twelve
and in dealing with his enemies. His sonship compelled
his going onward to the cross. Out of his heart experi-
ence he spoke when he taught the fatherhood of God, and
in that teaching and life men saw the perfect son.
Third, notice that Jesus' conscience was a sinless
one.
All other men feel a lack of harmony with God. Not
so, he. He appeared to his disciples as sinless, not be-
cause they could find no fault with him, but rather be-
14 (230)
Inaugural Address
cause of the things that he did and said. He rebuked
sin. He forgave sin. He demanded of all others re-
pentence for sin, but he nowhere manifested that he him-
self had or needed to pass through such an experience.
Harnack says, ' ' There lie behind the period of the public
ministry of Jesus no powerful crises and tumults, no
break with his past. He carried no scars of a frightful
struggle." He never had had consciousness of wrong-
doing. How could he have the sense of personal guilt
when he claimed to be the personal revealer of God, the
sacrificial redeemer of men and their final judge ? Those
disciples were correct in their conclusion. Either he was
morally blind (to which no one would give assent) or he
had a sinless conscience. What explanation of that sin-
lessness should those disciples give?
Fourth, notice the difference between Jesus' ideas
and those current among his countrymen on the subject
of the Kingdom of God.
They thought of it as political and temporal, to be
brought about either by direct cataclysmic act of God
or by the act of man supplemented by direct divine
intervention. He conceived of it as spiritual as well as
eschatological, as present as well as future, as coming by
the grace of God and dependent on the acts of men, as
brought about through himself by his words, his deeds,
his death, as progressively realized and eventually to be
realized. For others, in order to share in the kingdom,
it was necessary to repent, to watch, to serve an absent
Lord, waiting for a future time. Not so, in his case. He
never acted as though he were a subject in the kingdom'.
Rather he spoke of my Kingdom, and accepted tribute
from others. He declared the long-looked-for consum-
mation was to be attained in himself. How should his
disciples interpret one who had such ideas of the king-
dom?
15 (231)
The Bulletm of the Western Theological Seminary
Fifth, notice Jesus' tone of authority.
His authority, his consciousness of the right to de-
clare and enforce the laws of human existence, is an in-
eradicable element in the report of him. He commanded
demons to depart, and accepted honor from those who
saw^ him drive them out. He said to the sea, ' ' Peace, be
still, ' ' and was obeyed. He forgave sins. He called the
dead back to life and declared he would judge at the last
day. In his criticism of the law he said, ''I say unta
you," as though he had final authority. Whence this
authority I
Sixth, notice Jesus' promises to his disciples.
He promised that his death, so unthinkable to them,
was to be the means of blessing to them. "And I, if I be
lifted up, will draw all men unto me. ' ' He predicted also
his resurrection, a resurrection that was to be the ground
of hope for others that they, too, would arise to a future
life. "I am the resurrection and the life." He prom-
ised to care for them after his departure. "In my
Father's house are many mansions; if it were not so I
would have told you ; for I go to prepare a place for you. ' ^
"I will pray the Father and he shall give you another
Comforter, that he may be with you forever." "What-
soever ye shall ask in my name, that Avill I do." How
were those disciples to explain his right to make such
promises ?
Seventh, notice Jesus' demands.
He requires of his disciples a faith in himself, wiiieli
he in no way distinguishes from faith in God. They must
completely surrender to him." Take my yoke upon you.'^
They must live a life "worthy of him." This means an
inward purity, an outward devotion to the will of God,
love for God, love for man. How were these men to ex-
plain such a man?
16 (232)
Jnamjural Address
Eighth, notice the implications of Jesus' language.
In the parable of the man who planted a vineyard
and went into a far country, sending back his servants
for the fruit and finally sending his son, Jesus was under-
stood by his enemies to imply that he was the Son, and
that God was the owner of the vineyard. The same is
clearly indicated in the passage, "All things have been
delivered unto me of my Father, and no one knoweth the
Son, save the Father, neither knoweth any the Father
save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son willeth to
reveal him." Speaking of God, he says, "My Father
and your Father, my God and your God," never our
Father or our God, by which he implied that his sonship
differed from theirs. There are a number of aorist verbs
in the first Gospel ("Think not that I came," "I came
not to call the righteous," "I was not sent") which
strongly suggest preexistence. What must these impli-
cations have suggested to his disciples?
Ninth, notice Jesus' own peculiar name for himself,
' ' Son of Man, ' ' and what it reveals as to his thought of
himself.
The name Messiah, or Christ, had associated with
it political ideas and claims, and so is never used by him
except privately and at the end of his life, when he would
make a complete declaration of himself. But the phrase,
"Son of Man," had no political associations. It was for
Jesus, his name for himself in his relation to the King-
dom. Even in such a passage as "The Son of Man hath
not where to lay his head," one sees the contrast between
what he knew he was and his condition on earth. It is the
Son of Man who has power on earth to forgive sins, who
is lord of the Sabbath. It is the Son of Man who is to
come on the clouds of heaven. By this self-designation
he avoids conveying false impressions as to what he was,
and reveals in accordance with the original significance
17 (233)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
of the term in the Apocryphal Literature, that he was
conscious of being more than human.
By Jesus' peculiar teaching as to what fellowship
with God is, by the presentation of his conception of the
character of God, by his own sinlessness, by his teaching
as to the Kingdom of God, by his tone of authority with
reference to all matters, by his promises — promises which
no mere man would have any right to make, by his de-
mands— demands which no mere man would have dared
to make, by the implied claim of deity, and by the asser-
tion that he was superhuman, involved in his name for
himself, Jesus slowly, quietly, and unconcsiously to them-
selves made an impression upon those early disciples. It
was, however, the resurrection that brought them to a
clear realization of who this Jesus was with whom they
had been living, who so marvelously taught and who so
wonderfully lived. What before seemed so mysterious
in him, they now understood. There came pouring in
on them a flood of memories of the past and they per-
ceived that he was "Saviour," "Lord," "The Son of
God, " " The image of the invisible God, " " He in whom
dwells all the fulness of the Godhead bodilj^" They be-
came conscious of a religious experience that had come
through him. They entered into light from darkness,
into liberty from bondage. Now they knew ' ' if any man
is in Christ, he is a new creature. ' ' They became aware
that through Christ they had been redeemed from the
curse and bondage of sin, that they had been reconciled
to God. For them he is "the Hope of glory." They as-
sert that he who became the power of God in them was the
same person as the one who had lived among them under
the name Jesus.
Under the influence of the Holy Spirit, these dis-
ciples traveled from place to place, proclaiming to others
the message of Jesus ' life and preeminently of his death.
They declared it to be God's message, the means of sal-
vation for them and for all who believed. They preached
18 (234)
Inaugural Address
not merely the faith of Jesus in God as essential to life
and fellowship with God, but a faith in Jesus as God and
Saviour. He, Jesus, the Christ, the Son of God, was the
Gospel. Men in many places were convinced by their
preaching and declared that they, too,, had experienced
the sense of forgiveness of sin and fellowship with God
through this faith. In many cities, organizations of
those believers were formed, called churches.
As difficult conditions arose or as instruction was
needed, that portion of the New Testament which we call
the Epistles was written to meet the individual needs
of the several churches. As the first generation of dis-
ciples began to pass away, the Gospels were written in
response to a feeling that the sayings and deeds of Jesus
were vital to the message, and so should be preserved.
Because a record of the early spread of the faith seemed
to have value for the future, Luke wrote the Acts of the
Apostles. When, amid the persecutions of the Roman
government, the Christians were in dire distress and
needed cheer and encouragement, God's Spirit inspired
his servant to write the Book of Revelation, a source of
help for those days and for his people ever since. Thus,
in response to real needs, the New Testament was writ-
ten, as they and we believe, under the influence of the
Holy Spirit, embodying this original Gospel, together
with applications of that Gospel to the circumstances of
the churches. Without Jesus, conceived as Son of God,
there would have been no Gospel and no New Testament.
Jesus, the incarnate word, is the Gospel and the creator
of the New Testament.
Thus we have answered the question. Whence came
the New Testament, by showing that it had its origin in
Jesus of Nazareth, the Son of God. Since its origin is
divine, its message, without dispute, is of the highest
value. What is that message for to-day?
The oral Gospel, the good news of Jesus Christ,
transformed many lives in the first century. This writ-
19 (235)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
ten Gospel, the New Testament, did the same for many
others in the same century. Whenever and wherever it
has been proclaimed and received since that time men
have felt within them the Spirit of Christ, the Spirit of
God, working. Whenever it has ceased to be used, men
have lost the truth and in a large measure the Spirit of
God has ceased to operate, and whenever men in their
spiritual weariness and longings have returned to it, they
have obtained the truth and have heard God speaking.
Whatever age, whatever nation, whatever class, what-
ever individual has used it, that age, that nation, that
class, that individual has found complete spiritual satis-
faction. What is its message for to-day?
First, consider the New Testament's message to a
perplexed world.
Men have been told that God is a holy God and that
he desires that men should lead holy lives. They have
partly believed that he cares for them, and have striven
after that holy life. But as they have seen the righteous
suffer and the wicked prosper, as they have seen in these
late years thousands upon thousands of innocent people
suffer what was worse than death, and especially when
this suffering has come to themselves or to those dear to
them, doubts have arisen as to whether there was a God
at all, or if there were one, whether he was not indifferent
to men, or, if not indifferent, whether, perchance, he was
not too weak to prevent the evil deeds of men. So they
have ceased to strive after a better life..
Has the New Testament any message for such per-
plexed souls? One may point them to the Jesus of the
New Testament, who, passing through extreme physical
suffering, intense mental anguish, and most fearful spir-
itual agony, still endured for the joy that was set before
him, and received his reward because of unselfish giving
of himself for the sake of others. He believed that his
sufferings were in accordance with his Father's will and
20 (236)
Inaugural Address
that his mission in life was to be realized only through
such experience.
If God permitted his own well-beloved Son thus to
suffer, yes, if he even planned that he should thus suffer,
because through that suffering men would receive the
greatest spiritual blessings, he surely is not a God who
is indifferent to the sufferings of his other children, but
through their suffering must be planning some real bless-
ing for mankind and possibly for the sufferer himself.
Surely he who numbers the hairs of our heads and is not
ignorant of every sparrow that falls to the ground, is not
indifferent to the experiences of men, whom he loves as
a father.
Second, consider the New Testament's message to a
selfish world.
What a slump there has been from the idealism of a
few years ago, when men were filled with an enthusiasm
to render help to the oppressed and needy! Some man
is in trouble and needs not merely money but advice, en-
couragement, daily companionship. To assume such re-
sponsibility might interfere with the doing of what is
nearest one's desires. Some group of persons has lead-
ership that is not for the highest good. Shall they be
allowed to come to trouble? Why concern oneself for
them? It might interfere with plans. Some weak na-
tion needs the supervision, advice, and protection of a
stronger nation. But giving it might cause entangling
alliances, the loss of life of soldiers, the expenditure of
large sums of money.
To which selfish spirit the New Testament gives man
a glimpse of the very nature of God himself in Jesus, who
for man's sake grasped not after deity but was glad to
lay aside the form of God and take unto himself the form
of a servant. In Jesus, man sees God humbling himself
for those who are undeserving. He sees God showing
himself at his best, as he gives himself for his enemies'
21 (237)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
sake. If God did such a thing, how little in comparison
is all that man can do ! The world, now more than for
many centuries, needs unselfish service. What a new
world it would be if such service were rendered by all
men ! What a discovery men would make if they would
render such service, the discovery that not only the great-
est joy that this world can give comes from helping oth-
ers, but the highest development of him who gives that
service. In the New Testament is found the story of the
Good Samaritan and the words of Jesus, "Whosoever
would be great amongst you, let him become your ser-
vant. ' '
Third, consider the New Testament's message to a
seeking world.
There have been times in the world's history when
there were serious disturbances in one nation or another,
but never within the knowledge of men, has the whole
world been in such turmoil as during the last few years.
Class is arrayed against class, employee and employer
cannot agree, nations are torn by internal difficulties, one
people is oppressed by another, one nation is at sword's
point with another. The world is confronted by serious
social, economic, and political problems. Earnest men
are seeking a solution for these difficulties.
Ten years ago, many prominent writers were wont
to scoff at the New Testament and the men who in per-
plexity sought help in it. To-day, some, both Jew and
Gentile, believer and non-believer, assert that the ethics
of the New Testament is not that of a visionary but that
of one who had the prof oundest insight into the problems
of life ; and that in its ethics is to be found the solution
of the present disturbances. Some one has stated the
principles of the New Testament ethics to be The Per-
sonal Worth of the Individual, Brotherhood, Service,
Liberty, Justice, — in a word. Love. When men apply
these principles they find light for their difficulties, solu-
22 (238)
Inaugural Address
tion for their problems. To-day, wherever employer and
employee are earnestly and sincerely seeking to conduct
their business in accordance with these principles, they
find success attending their efforts. Satisfaction is
found, peace reigns, contentment follows in the conscious-
ness that both are being fairly treated and that the inter-
est of each is bound up in that of the other. Fewer
attempts have been made in social and political relations,
but the outcome in business justifies a faith that similar
results will follow the application of these same prin-
ciples to the social and political problems. In the New
Testament alone is to be found the hope for a seeking
world.
Fourth, consider the New Testament's message to a
lost Avorld.
As in ancient times, so it is still true, that men do
"the desires of the flesh and of the mind," "have no
hope and are without God in the world. ' ' Men kill, steal,
lie, hate, are grasping, are selfish. The material things
bulk large in their thoughts and activities. They have
wandered out on the mountains and gotten lost in the
crevices of the world's life. Did you read this appeal
of the judges in their convention this past summer?
"The Judicial Section of the American Bar Association,
venturing to speak for all the judges, wishes to express
this warning to the American people :
' ' ' Reverence for law and enforcement of law depend
mainly upon the ideals and customs of those who occupy
the vantage ground of life in business and society.
" 'The people of the United States, by solemn con-
stitutional and statutory enactment, have undertaken to
suppress the age-long evil of the liquor traffic.
" 'When, for gratification of their appetites, or the
promotion of their interests, lawyers, bankers, great mer-
chants and manufacturers, and social leaders, both men
and women, disobey and scoff at this law or any other
23 (239)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
law, they are aiding the cause of anarchy, and promoting
mob violence, robbery, and homicide; they are sowing
dragon's teeth, and they need not be surprised when they
find that no judicial or police authority can save our
country or humanity from reaping the harvest.' "
Such an appeal should not be lightly passed by. We
are already reaping. Fearless robbery takes place on
every hand. Men and women are killed with apparently
no more thought than if they were animals that interfered
with one's desires. As the prophet said, "There is
naught but making promises and breaking them, and
killing and stealing and committing adultery. Crimes
are so frequent that the blood of one touches the blood of
another." The New Testament goes to the root of all this,
when it declares that not merely is the open transgression
wrong, but anger is murder, lust is adultery, coveting is
stealing, not caring for aged parents is dishonoring
father and mother.
As one looks at a picture of thousands upon thous-
ands of Hindus bathing in a sacred river or temple tank,
in the vain hope thus to wash away sin, the thought of
the heathen world presses upon him and he comes to
realize that here in America and round the whole world
are millions of lost souls. Yes, men are spiritually lost.
To this condition the New Testament has a two-fold
message. In no uncertain language, it announces a day
of reckoning, when penalties for misdeeds will be meted
out to wrong-doers. Its other message is of a different
kind. It is the story of one sent from heaven by God's
love, because he saw that men were lost in sin, and hope-
lessly so, unless they could have divine assistance. This
Jesus showed men their sin, called on them to repent,
promising forgiveness if they should repent, and divine
help to live a holy life. He offered them freedom from
the power of sin, relief from, its penalties, likeness in
character to God and companionship with God for all
eternity, on the one condition that they should have faith
24 (240)
Inaugural Address
in him. The New Testament presents the same message
to-day on the sole condition of faith in Jesus Christ, the
Son of God. This is the message of the New Testament
to a lost world.
Fifth, consider the New Testament's message to a
Christian world.
To the Christian, the New Testament has a message
requiring holy living. "Present your bodies a living
sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God. " " Follow after love. ' '
' ' Abhor that which is evil ; cleave to that which is good. ' '
"Bless them that persecute you; bless, and curse not."
' ' Render to no man evil for evil. " " Pray without ceas-
ing." "Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned
with salt." "Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever
things are honorable, whatsoever things are just, what-
soever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely,
whatsoever things are of good report . . . think on these
things. ' '
It has a message with reference to witnessing. "Go
je, therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, bap-
tizing them into the name of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Spirit; teaching them to observe all
things whatsoever I commanded you, " " Ye shall be my
witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Sa-
maria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth. ' '
It has a message with reference to stewardship.
' ' Upon the first day of the week, let each one lay by him
in store as he may prosper you." "He that soweth spar-
ingly, shall reap also sparingly ; and he that soweth boun-
tifully, shall reap also bountifully."
It has a message of comfort. ' ' The God of comfort,
who comfortetli us in all our afflictions." "I will pray
the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter,
that he may be with you for ever." "I will not leave
yo.u desolate." "Peace I leave with you; My peace I
25 (241)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
give unto you." "Whatsoever ye shall ask in my name,
that will I do."
It has a message of promise. "Lo, I am with you
always, even unto the end of the world. " "In my Fath-
er 's house are many mansions ; if it were not so, I would
have told you ; for I go to prepare a place for you. " "I
come again, and will receive you unto myself ; that where
I am, there ye may be also." "I am the Alpha
and the Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give
unto him that is athirst of the fountain of life freely."
"He that overcometh, shall inherit these things; and I
will be his God, and he shall be my son. ' '
As the Apostle John says in closing his Gospel,
"And there are also many other things which Jesus did,
the which if they should be written every one, I suppose
that even the world itself would not contain the books
that should be written ; " so I suppose one might continue
indefinitely for there is in the New Testament a message
for every need of every soul.
The literature of none of the other world religions
is so small. There is none that has proven so adequate.
In fact, there is none other that at all satisfies the crav-
ings of the human soul.
Happy should that man be who has the high privi-
lege of devoting himself to the proclamation of this God-
given man-satisfying message.
Charge to Dr. Vance.
The Rev. S. B. McCormick, D. D., LL. D.
Dr. Vance:
It is quite fitting that the ceremony wherein a profes-
sor is inducted into his high office as teacher in the Sem-
inary should be formal and impressive, and that a charge
26 (242)
Charge to Dr. Vance
to the teacher, according to long established custom,
should be a part of this ceremony. It is not expected,
however, that this charge should catalogue the desirable
qualifications which the professor should possess nor
attempt an outline of the methods whereby he should ex-
ercise his skill and scholarship in the discharge of the
duties of his office. Called a quarter century ago from
scholarly pursuits and thrust into the multitudinous and
exacting duties of an administrative office, the speaker
would find himself embarrassingly ill-equipped for the
performance of such a task. On the other hand, he may
be permitted to interpret his commission with consider-
able latitude and to congratulate himself that, if he makes
certain suggestions from a standpoint somewhat differ-
ent from the professor's own, he will fairly well accom-
plish the purpose which the Fathers had in mind in mak-
ing a charge to the teacher part of the ceremonial of to-
day.
Let us, in the beginning, assume agreement upon two
matters of opinion: First, the primacy of the ministry
among professions ; and, second, the primacy of theologi-
cal seminaries among schools of learning. Regardless
of any contrary opinion, you and I will proceed very
comfortably together on the basis that these two assump-
tions are justifiable. The only absolutely essential need
of the hody is food — raiment and shelter are conveniences
and comforts only — and hence, in respect to the physical,
the farmer and his acres occupy the place of primacy.
The only absolutely essential need of the mind is 'knowl-
edge, and hence, in respect to the mental, the teacher and
the school occupy the place of primacy. The only abso-
lutely essential need of the soul is God and hence, in re-
spect to the spiritual, the interpreter of God and the
school which trains him occupy the place of primacy.
The only man, therefore, who will deny first place to the
theological teacher and the theological seminary, at least
as abstract propositions, is the man who puts body above
27 (243)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
mind because mind cannot exist without it, and the mind
above spirit because spirit cannot exist without it. Be-
lieving as we do, however, that, in the scale of eternal
values, soul comes first, we unhesitatingly declare that
your office, that of teacher of the Christian minister, is the
highest office in the w^orld. So I believe, and what I shall
say is based upon this belief. The assumption of this
office is, therefore, on your part a grave responsibility
and your induction into it is a much more significant
event than the busy outside world dreams is happening.
It is, I think, a mistake to entertain the thought that
this is an exceptional period in human history. Every
period is supremely important, differing in many re-
spects from every other. So our own. Things have hap-
pened since 1914 which have turned the world upside
down and which have caused many to fear for the civ-
ilization which during the centuries has, with infinite
labor and vigilant patience, been built up. But a sane
interpretation of history tends at least to banish fear and
apprehension. Peril exists; but peril always exists be-
cause evil always lurks at the heart of things. Any man
who is more than three score years old holds that he has
an inalienable right to prophesy disaster; and, as long
as he finds the reason of his prophecy in the way women
dress themselves and in the way young people conduct
themselves, perhaps his doleful utterances do not do
much harm. A story, real or imaginary, of an exhumed
tablet has it that the inscription, written in earliest his-
toric times, is a lament over the rebellion of youth against
age, a disregard of the traditions of the past, and an un-
willingness to submit to proper authority. I have my-
self read sermons, preached one hundred years ago, be-
wailing the decay of family religion, the disregard of the
Sabbath, and the prevailing worldliness of people, which
sermons could almost without change be preached in
any pulpit in Pittsburgh whose minister may happen to
be temperamentally anxious and afraid. The world is
28 (244)
Charge to Dr. Vance
not hastening to its destruction because God does not try
experiments. The line of progress is an undulating line,
now up, now down ; but if one will follow it long enough
he will find that there is a gradual though very slow as-
cent ; for apparently the only person who is not in a hurry
is God. Most people insist on doing the whole thing in
a generation ; and because, as the shadows lengthen, the
man finds things practically where they were when he
started he begins to be afraid. But fear is always the
child of distrust, and when it becomes general among
ministers, so that they begin to appeal to law to hasten
moral progress, they do this because, without realizing it,
they have lost faith in God and in His power in the world.
"When the Son of Man cometh shall he find faith on the
earth!" Frankly, Dr. Vance, this is the only thing I am
afraid of ; and even of this not very often or very long.
You and I believe. Dr. Vance, that Christianity has a
message for the world which nothing else has ; and we be-
lieve, too, that no one, much less the Christian minister,
can safely depreciate it, or, under any stress of moral
enthusiasm for some passing reform, abandon it for any
other agency for good. The message of Jesus is not for
one generation but for all generations. It was not the
message of Socrates or Zoroaster or Confucius or Gauta-
ma or Mohammed, important as all these were and pro-
foundly as these have affected the lives and destinies of
countless millions of men. It is a message of sacrifice,
of regeneration, of atonement, of mediatorship, of res-
toration, of reconciliation, of complete salvation. It is
something which deals with that bewildering thing — hu-
man nature — about the only static thing in its unregen-
erate form in all the world — not to make it better but to
change it into something different. Sin inflicted a mortal
wound on humanity and the Gospel is the proclamation
of the remedy which will work a complete cure. The New
Testament is the exhibit of what Christianity is and the
Church has for two thousand years been telling men that
29 (245)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
this is so ; and now when the world is lying helpless, cry-
ing out in its distress, ready at last to believe that only
the Gospel can cure the mortal hurt, there is danger that,
thinking in terms of the anti-saloon leagues, Sabbath
observing alliances, reform bureaus, and the like— agen-
cies employing governmental powers valuable enough in
themselves — ^ministers may fail to hear the real cry, and
hence fail to bring to despairing men the only thing which
will relieve the distress and affect a cure.
For danger really exists if the call is not heeded.
The doctrine of self-determination was preached in 1919
by one who was hailed as the deliverer of oppressed peo-
ples; and to-day in India and Egypt and other parts of
the Orient the unrest is frightful; Bolshevism, having
thrown overboard not only the ten commandments but
every ethical principle, is making its appeal to semi-sub-
ject races to cast off all shackles and be free ; to peasants
to take possession by violence of the lands upon which
they were born and have lived ; and to the workman forci-
bly to wrest from the owners all instruments of produc-
tion, so that only a great leader is needed once more to
let loose vast hordes of men to descend upon Europe
and finish the work of destruction which the war carried
so far toward completeness. What will remedy the situa-
tion? What ivill cure the wound? What will save the
world?
If the Gospel will not do it, then it cannot be done
at all. When Socrates said, ''Know thyself," he
preached something of value ; but he proclaimed no plan
of salvation. AVhen Zoroaster saw his vision of God,
with the eternal conflict between good and evil, he led
his followers to conceptions of monotheism vastly finer
than the world had known ; but he showed no way where-
by they could be saved. When Confucius laid down
ethical precepts he made it possible for a great people
who accepted and practiced these precepts to attain to an
ethical character nowhere else surpassed; but Confucius
30 (246)
Charge to Dr. Vance
made no claim to save the people from their sins. When
Gautama preached the extinction of desire and the
blessedness of Nirvana he had no thought of restoring
the souls of men to the image of their maker, even though
he became the religious teacher of countless millions of
people. When Mohammed proclaimed that there is one
God he did make a race of fanatics — the fear of whom to-
day in India is influencing Great Britain to restore Con-
stantinople to the unspeakable Turk — but Mohammed did
not proclaim salvation. The Roman Church, asserting
temporal as well as spiritual power — a principle it has
never withdrawn — with its right to control and use gov-
ernments to enforce its own decrees, does not in this pro-
claim salvation but sets itself up as something vastly dif-
ferent. Is there then no balm in Gilead — no remedy —
no cure — no peace — no restoration! None; unless the
Gospel shall be understood and preached among the Na-
tions as it was given to men by Jesus himself and as it
was unfolded by the greatest of all religious teachers —
St. Paul the Apostle.
This, Dr. Vance, is, as I conceive, your single func-
tion in the professorship which to-day you formally as-
sume. The difficulties in the way are of course many,
and you will not be discouraged by them. You come to
the Seminary, for instance, at a time when the study of
Greek is largely abandoned in colleges and universities ;
but if a knowledge of Greek is necessary to give real un-
derstanding of the New Testament, students of Theology
will study Greek. You and I may believe that Greek
language and literature and culture are the finest achieve-
ment of the human mind; but if this age has decided it
does not want it, then it will not have it, and we need not
worry particularly over it. But if Greek is essential, as
a tool, to the minister, Greek he must have. Mathe-
matics is out of the college curriculum almost as com-
pletely as Greek; but this does not affect the student of
engineering who cannot have engineering without it. He
31 (247)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
studies mathematics. Students look at biology, physics,
and chemistry, and pass by on the other side; but the
student of medicine cannot take his course without these
subjects and therefore he takes them. If the Christian
minister needs Greek in order to understand the New
Testament, he should no more receive his degree here
without it than the engineer should receive his degree
without mathematics or the doctor without biology or
chemistry. And so with all other special obstacles to-
day to thoroughness, to scholarship, and to power. It
is not necessary that the millennium shall come next
week ; but it is necessary that our religious teachers, en-
trusted with the task of hastening it, shall be faithful
guides of the people and that so far forward as they shall
conduct them shall be toward the establishment of the
Kingdom of God.
But, Dr. Vance, I must close. This is your day not
mine. Those present came to hear your address not my
address. What I want to say is that the Christian minis-
ter is the most important man, the Christian ministry the
most important profession, the Christian message the
most important message in all the world, and that it is
your business to train these men so they will understand
God's message of salvation, the words of it and the spirit
of it, and thus leaving police duties and moral reforms
to others, they will be ambassadors of God in a world
whose only salvation is God.
And in the performance of this undertaking you will
have the good will, the earnest prayers, and the continued
support of the directors of this Seminary.
32 (248)
President's Report
To the Board of Directors of the Western Theological
Seminary
Gentlemen: — In behalf of the Faculty 1 have the
honor to submit the following report for the academic
year ending May 4, 1922 :
Attendance
Since the last annual report thirty students have
been admitted to the classes of the Seminary.
To the Junior Class
1. Eugene LeMoyne Biddle, a graduate of Carnegie
Institute of Technology, B. Sc, 1921.
2. Jarvis Madison Cotton, a graduate of Maryville
College, A. B., 1921.
3. Howard Truman Curtiss, a graduate of the College
of Wooster, A. B., 1921.
4. C. LeRoy DePrefontaine, a student of Carnegie
Institute of Technology.
5. William F. Ehmann, an A. of A., Blackburn College,
1921.
6. Ross M. Haverfield, a graduate of the College of
Wooster, A. B., 1921.
7. James Russell Hilty, a graduate of State Normal
School, Indiana, Pa., Pd. M., 1916.
8. Ralph Walshaw Illingworth, Jr., a graduate of
Princeton University, A. B., 1921.
9 Arthur Jennings Jackson, a graduate of Geneva Col-
lege, A. B., 1921.
33 (249)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
10. Robert Caldwell Johnston, a graduate of Washing-
ton and Jefferson College, A. B., 1921.
11. George R. Lambert.
12. William Stage Merwin, a student of the University
of Pittsburgh.
13. George Karl Monroe, a graduate of Grove City Col-
lege, A. B., 1921.
14. Harold Francis Post, a graduate of Washington and
Jefferson College, A. B., 1918.
15. Deane Craig Walter, a graduate of Grove City Col-
lege, A. B., 1920.
16. Clayton Edgar Williams, a student of the Univer-
sity of Paris, France.
18. James Carroll Wright, a graduate of Denison Uni-
versity, Ph. B., 1921.
19. John Yarkovsky, a student of the University of
Vladivostok.
To the Middle Class
1. Andrew Vance McCracken, a graduate of Amherst
College, A. B., 1920, on letter of dismissal from
Union Theological Seminary, New York.
To the Senior Class '
1. Lyman N. Lemmon, who in 1920, after having com-
pleted the first two years of the Seminary course,
withdrew to engage in educational work.
To the Graduate Qlass
1. Ole Curtis Griffith, a graduate of Western Theologi-
cal Seminary, 1918.
34 (250)
President 's Report
2. Walter Lysander Moser, a graduate of Western
Theological Seminary, 1921.
3. H. Erwin Stafford, a graduate of Hiram College,
A. B., 1905.
4. Charles E. Stanton, a graduate of Baptist Theologi-
cal Seminary, Louisville, Ky., 1900.
5. Walter Perkins Taylor, a graduate of Andover
Theological Seminary, 1885.
6. Rufus Donald Wingert, a graduate of Western The-
ological Seminary, 1911.
As Visitors
1. Miss Luella Adams, a graduate of the Baptist Mis-
sionary Training School, Chicago, 1916.
2. Miss Laura M. Moore, a student of Washington
(Pa.) Seminary.
3. Fred Reif, a graduate of the University of Pitts-
burgh, Pharm. Gr., 1908.
4. Miss Luella Wimpelberg, a graduate of the Baptist
Missionary Training School, Chicago, 1917.
No letters of dismissal were granted to students en-
tering other institutions.
The total attendance for the year has been 57, which
was distributed as follows: Fellows, 5; graduates, 8;
seniors, 14; middlers, 9; juniors, 18; visitors, 4. (One
student is listed both as a fellow and a graduate.)
Fellowships and Prizes
The fellowship was awarded to Mr. Walter Harold
Millinger, a graduate of Princeton University ; the Mich-
ael Wilson Keith Memorial Prize in Homiletics to James
AVallace Willoughby, a graduate of Wabash College; a
35 (251)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Hebrew Prize, offered to members of the Junior Class, to
Harold Francis Post; a prize of one hundred dollars,
offered by the Class of 1911 to commemorate their tenth
anniversary of graduation, to Paul Livingstone Warn-
shuis, in recognition of high standing in the Department
of Greek Exegesis ; and Merit Prizes to Calvin Hoffman
Hazlett and Willard Colby Mellin, of the middle class,
and Eugene LeMoyne Biddle, Ralph Walshaw Illing-
worth, Harold Francis Post, Deane Craig Walter, and
James Carroll Wright, of the junior class.
Elective Courses
In addition to the required courses of the Seminary
curriculum, the following elective courses have been of-
fered during the year 1921-22, the number of students
attending each course being indicated :
Dr. Kelso: Exegesis of Genesis I-XI (seminar course),
7 ; Comparative Religion, 19.
Dr. Schaff: History of the Reformation and Modern
Times, 7 ; American Church History, 10.
Dr. Farmer : Social Teaching of the New Testament, 11.
Dr. Snowden: Christian Ethics, 4; Psychology of Reli-
gion, 6; Philosophy of Religion, 12.
Dr. Vance: New Testament Exegesis (Ephesians and
Colossians), 8.
Dr. CuUey: Old Testament Exegesis (Psalter), 2;
Canon and Text of the Old Testament, 6 ; Phonetics,
6.
Mr. Eakin: New Testament Greek Sight Reading, 6;
New Testament Exegesis (Mark), 8.
Prof. Sleeth: Oral Interpretation of the Scriptures, 7;
Public Speaking. 11.
Rev. Selby Frame Vance, D. D., LL. D., who was el-
ected to the Memorial Professorship of New Testament
36 (252)
P\resident's Report
Literature and Exegesis at the annual meeting on May
5, 1921, took up the work of his chair at the opening of
the term, September 20, 1921. He was inducted into the
chair on April 10, 1922, according to the arrangement
which was authorized by the Board of Directors at the
semi-annual meeting, November 15, 1921. The charge to
the professor was delivered by Chancellor Samuel Black
McCormick, D. D., LL. D. The Inaugural Address was
delivered on the subject, *'The Teaching of Jesus for
To-day." During his first year as professor in the West-
ern Theological Seminary Dr. Vance has won the affec-
tion and regard both of his colleagues and the students.
Literary Worh and Extra-Curriculum Activities of the
Professors
During the past year Dr. Kelso has been engaged in
literary work. During the summer vacation he saw a
Commentary on Revelation by Rev. S. A. Hunter, LL. D.,
through the press. He also published several articles
and reviews in religious papers and the Seminary Bulle-
tin. He has prepared an article on "The Water Liba-
tion" for The Expositor (English), and has been pre-
paring a Syllabus for class room work, entitled "The
Hebrew Prophet and His Message." This Syllabus is
now in press and will soon be published.
Last June he gave the address to the graduating
class at Missouri Valley College, and during the Semi-
nary year has preached in a nmnber of churches on The
Ministry and the Work of the Western Theological Sem-
inary. He was a member of the last General Assembly
and served on the Committee of Bills and Overtures.
Br. Schaff has written a number of articles for the
Presbyterian Banner, the United Presbyterian, and other
religious papers, a Leaflet in reply to some Roman Catho-
lic advertisements, an article, "Dante 1321-1921," for
the Seminary Bulletin; an article, "Dante Six Hundred
Years Ago and Now, ' ' for the Princeton Theological Re-
37 (253)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
view of April, 1922. He has also delivered twenty ser-
mons or adresses in chnrclies.
Special mention ought to be made of the service
which Dr. Schaff rendered the entire Protestant Church
of this region, through his expert knowledge of Roman
Catholic theology. In the autumn of 1921 he met an
effort on the part of the Roman Catholics of Pittsburgh
to commend distinctive Roman Catholic teaching to the
public through advertisements inserted in the Pittsburgh
daily papers. Sixty-five different advertisements, be-
ginning with October 5th, sought to make plausible, mat-
ters in dispute between the Protestants and Roman Cath-
olics since the Reformation. They were passed upon by
'^a proficient in Catholic theology," as Father Coakley
stated in '^ America," and paid for by two Catholic la^^-
men of Pittsburgh. In vicAv of the public interest the
advertisements elicited. Dr. Schaff inserted in the Pitts-
burgh Dispatch ten counter-statements based upon the
New Testament and authoritative declarations of the
Roman Catholic Church, the expense being met by Pro-
testant laymen through Dr. Maitland Alexander. With
the support of a Committee of Ministers from the differ-
ent churches of Pittsburgh, including two of the Direc-
tors of the Seminary, Drs. Alexander and Hutchison,
Prof. Schaff also prepared a leaflet entitled, "Roman
Catholic Advertisements and the New Testament." The
Leaflet contained a Preface by the Committee and eight
of the Roman Catholic advertisements mth as many
counter-statements. Forty thousand copies were dis-
tributed through the Methodist, United Presbyterian, and
Presbyterian book rooms of the city. After the type had
been broken up,, an order came to the Presbyterian Book
Store from Toronto for five thousand copies. It has been
stated that the Methodists have circulated one hundred
thousand copies of the Leaflet in Bohemia.
Dr. Farmer delivered addresses in the interest of the
ministry in the First Presbyterian Church of Mononga-
38 (254)
President's Report
hela City; in the College of Wooster, where he also
preached in the church and had interviews with the stu-
dents; at Kiskiminetas Academy in Saltsburg; and has
also regularly taught the Men's Bible Class at the Shady-
side Presbyterian Church, and acted as pulpit supply at
the Third Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh.
Dr. Snowden reports that he has performed the fol-
lowing extra-Seminary activities :
Preached during the year in and around Pittsburgh,
but also did supply work in the Calvary Presbyterian
Church of Philadelphia, and in the Hyde Park and Sec-
ond Presbyterian Churches of Chicago; also delivered
courses of lectures on popular theology in two churches
on Sunday evenings.
Served as a member of the teaching staff of the Di-
vinity School of the University of Chicago in the summer
quarter of 1921, lecturing twice a day on the personality
of God and on apologetics.
Lectured on the Psychology of Religion at three sum-
mer schools : Ovoca, Tenn. ; Hollister, Mo. ; and Grove
City, Pa.
Lectured once a week during the season on the Book
of Acts to Sunday School Teachers of the Allegheny
County Sunday School Association.
Delivered an address on ''The Written Word," be-
fore the World's Presbyterian Council in Pittsburgh in
October, 1921, and a number of addresses before one
Synod, one Presbytery, and a number of men's brother-
hoods, Sunday-school conventions, and gatherings of boys
assembled to consider the ministry.
Published about sixty or more articles in daily and
weekly newspapers, and one article in a theological re-
view.
Published two books: "The Meaning of Education,"
issued by the Abingdon Press of the Methodist Book
39 (255)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Concern; and a volume on the ''Sunday School Lessons
for 1922, ' ' issued by the Macmillan Company.
He has also edited the Presbyterian Magazine, but
he wishes to state that this editorship and ail this out-
side work have not caused him to miss any recitations in
his classroom.
Dr. Vance has published an article, ''Satan," and
several book reviews in the Presbyterian Banner. He
gave a course of five lectures under the Seminary Exten-
sion arrangement in the North Presbyterian Church,
Pittsburgh. The subject of this course was, "Crises in
the Life of Christ." He addressed Father and Son
meetings at four churches, and has preached twenty times
during the term.
Dr. Culley has delivered a course of lectures on Sun-
day mornings before the Men's Bible Class of the First
Presbyterian Church of Wilkinsburg.
Professor Eakin reports that he studied at the Uni-
versity of Chicago during the last summer vacation ; that
he has preached from time to time during the year, and
has done considerable research work in the New Testa-
ment field. During the period covered by this report he
has published nothing except a few minor contributions
to periodicals.
Mr. Boyd is completing his seventh year as director
in the Pittsburgh Musical Institute, his third year as
conductor of Pittsburgh Choral Society, his fourth year
as conductor of Tuesday Musical Club Chorus, his nine-
teenth year as conductor of the Cecilia Choir, and his
twenty-eighth year as organist and musical director at
the North Avenue M. E. Church. He has published many
scattered articles and has been editor of the Choral Sec-
tion in The Bulletin of the National Federation of
Women's Music Clubs. He has prepared a report on the
Music Sections of Public Libraries which was published
by the U. S. Bureau of Education, and has also pre-
40 (256)
President's Report
pared a volume of arrangements for organ which was
published by G. Schirmer.
Professor Sleeth acted as Professor of Elocution
during the month of January at Union Theological Sem-
inary, Richmond, Va., and during the month of April at
the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Pa.
The schedule of his classes was so arranged that our own
students did not suffer on account of his absence at these
other institutions. He is one of the favorite lecturers
at the Grove City Bible Conference.
Lectures
The opening lecture of the term was delivered by the
Rev. John A. Hutton, D. D., on the subject, "The Tone of
Preaching. ' '
A course of five lectures on * ' Church Publicity, ' ' was
given by Mr. Herbert H. Smith.
Two evening lectures were delivered by the Rev.
James Moffatt, D. D., on the following subjects :
"History and Truth."
' ' Jesus and Brotherly Love. ' '
The following special lectures were given in the Sem-
inary chapel :
"The Tabernacle" (with model), The Rev. T. J.
Allen, D. D.
"How My Father Became a Christian," Mr. K. Ap-
pasamy.
"Missions in British East Africa," The Rev. Lee H.
Downing.
"Experiences in West Africa," The Rev. A. L Good.
"Ministerial Relief," The Rev. W. S. Holt, D. D.
"Preaching to Children," The Rev. Stuart Nye
Hutchison, D. D.
"The Pima Indians," The Rev. Dirk Lay, D. D.
"Mexican Missions," The Rev. A. N. Lucero.
41 (257)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
"The Every Member Canvass," Mr. David McCon-
5/ anghy.
! "Community Eeligious Education," The Rev. 0.
Scott McFarland.
"Home Missions in the Southwest," The Rev. Rob-
ert N. McLean, D. D.
"Foreign Missions," The Rev. A. W. Moore.
"Behind Gray Walls," The Rev. John Steele.
"The Work of Men in the Church," The Rev. Wil-
liam F. Weir, D. D.
"India," The Rev. A. L. Wiley.
Student Life
In order to give the Board of Directors a glimpse
into the students' life, as well as to present the point of
view of the students, the Report of the President of the
Y. M. C. A. is lierewith incorporated in the Faculty re-
port.
"The Association started the year with three
definite aims : to deepen the spiritual life of the stu-
dents ; to provide more definite opportunities for the
men to study and take active part in city home mis-
sion work ; and to develop the social life of the Sem-
inary. It is with satisfaction that we note the de-
gree of success which our efforts have secured both
in carrying out our plans and in attempting to carry
out additional plans.
"The devotional life in the Seminary has been
carried forward by means of the usual tower-room
prayer-meetings, and by our regular meetings in the
Social Hall. Our prayer-meetings have been made
very interesting all year by the innovation of study-
ing various books on missions and service. The plan
was for the leader to prepare a chapter very care-
fully and then present the matter very concisely in
five or ten minutes. Our Association meetings have
been planned entirely about some inspirational mes-
42 (258)
President's Report
sage brought to us by members of our own Faculty
or by men of prominence and ability in onr own city,
or in the world outside, some of whom were: Dr.
Headland, 'Progress in China'; H. H. Smith, 'Pub-
licity'; A. I. Good, 'Missions in Africa'; W. C.
Schureman, 'Sunday School Work in Colorado'; Dr.
Maitland Alexander, 'Compensations of the Minis-
try'; Mr. McDowell, 'The Social Gospel'; McCloy
Franklin, 'Mountaineers'; Mr. Mace, 'The Ministry
and the Community'; Prof. Frank Eakin, 'Life a
Spiritual Battle'; Dr. Selby F. Vance, 'Work among
Men and Boys'; Dr. J. A. Kelso, 'The Ministry and
Business'. Needless to say, such an array of sub-
jects, presented as they were in a masterly fashion
by men who knew whereof they spoke, has been the
means of inspiring us to greater endeavor in the
course we have chosen to run.
"The Home Missionary Committee has per-
formed its duties adiuirably. A chapel period was
turned ovej' to them the first of the year and the mat-
ter of city home missions Avas presented to the stu-
dent body. Several propositions were offered, and an
appeal was made for volunteers. There was a
hearty response. The most important work which
they have done has been at the Woods Run Settle-
ment. It has consisted in club organization, leader-
ship in amusements, and personal contact. A novel
and important work has been begun at the Hindu
Club in the University of Pittsburgh. The aim is to
form close friendships with the Indian students in
order to show them the heart of real Christianity,
so that they who go back to their own country to be-
come future leaders may take with them a true con-
ception of Christianity which they do not always find
on the surface of our civilization.
"In connection with Home Missions we are
pleased to note a new organization — Fellowship for
43 (259)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
American Service. There has long been felt the
need for an organization similar to that of the Stu-
dent Volunteer for the purpose of stirring up en-
thusiasm and securing life recruits for service on the
Home Field. Through the efforts of Mr. Eastman,
of the Board of Home Missions, such an organiza-
tion has been started this year and already it has
local groups in many of our colleges, universities,
and seminaries throughout the States, of which we
are one. Our plans for the future are to form our
Committee on Home Missions from this group as well
as to form the Committee on Foreign Missions from
the Student Volunteers.
"The social life of the Seminary has been pro-
moted through athletics and several social events.
With the advent of volley ball in our athletic cur-
riculum, men who were unable to play basket ball
have availed themselves of the opportunity to play
volley ball. No competitive games were scheduled
in this sport aside from those among the various
classes. Our basket ball season opened early in No-
vember and an unusual amount of interest was mani-
fested throughout the year. The majority of the
men in the dormitory reported for practice three
times every week. The schedule of games was so
arranged that about half of them were played on the
home floor and the remainder abroad. In considera-
tion of everything, we feel that it has been a success-
ful season. We have some very good material to
start the coming year with, and, if the incoming
class has some more as good or better, we plan to se-
cure a few games with college teams in the vicinity
in order to advertise our Seminary and at the same
time to hold up the manhood of the Gospel ministry.
"The social events of the year have been very
delightful. The year opened with a banquet given
in our dining hall in honor of our new professor and
44 (260)
President's Report
his wife, Dr. and Mrs. S. F. Vance, and the incoming
class. This opening event was followed at frequent
intervals by parties in the Social Hall, entertainment
being provided for by each class in turn ; dinners and
receptions at the homes of the various professors;
and one afternoon of hiking for the juniors, followed
by tea at the home of Professor Eakin.
''Thus, as we look back on the past year of ac-
tivities of the Association, we feel that it has been a
good year indeed. It has been the full statured man
which we have been aiming at to be secured through
a well-rounded life. We have sought to develop our
lives spiritually so that our message to the world
will ring true; we have endeavored to cultivate our
social life in order to make our associations with
those whom we shall serve in the future a delight
and an attraction; we have made it a point to keep
ourselves physically fit for our great task. For the
coming year we venture to predict a splendid year,
for we are closing this year with every evidence on
the part of the men of enthusiasm for the Associa-
tion.
' ' Respectfully submitted,
"(Signed) P. L. Warnshuis.'"
Dr. Kelso's Sabbatical Year
The Board of Directors very generously granted the
President of the Seminary a year's leave of absence at
the last annual meeting in May, 1921, in recognition of
twenty years in the professorship. Dr. Kelso expects to
avail himself of this privilege during the next academic
year. He is planning to spend about six months of this
time in the study of archaeology and geography in Pales-
tine and Egypt. The Trustees of the American School of
Archaeology in Jerusalem have elected him an honorary
lecturer during the year 1922-23. This position in-
45 (261)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
volves no special duties and there is no remuneration
connected with it. In anticipation of this year of absence
from the Seminary, the present middle class was grouped
during the past year with the senior class in the required
courses of study which Dr. Kelso offers. Dr. CuUey has
kindly agreed to teach his class in Old Testament History
during the term 1922-23, and Dr. Farmer to assume his
administrative duties as acting president in case the
Board of Directors see fit to appoint him to that position.
Through these arrangements the classes of the Seminary
will not suffer during this period of absence, and when
he returns his lectures will be greatly enriched by his
residence in Palestine and Egypt.
Courses in Religious Education
For some time the Faculty has recognized the grow-
ing importance of the subject of Religious Education and
that it was necessary to offer more detailed mstruction
than had been attempted in the Seminary curriculum
heretofore. With this in mind, three definite courses
have been organized. The field that is covered includes
the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the subject
as well as the organization, principles, and methods of
the Sunday School. The courses offered are as follows:
(1) Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence, (2) Or-
ganization and Administration of Religious Educa-
tion, (3) Principles and Methods.
Finances and Gifts
On account of the business depression of the past
year no attempt has been made to secure additions to the
permanent endowment of the Seminary. The Treas-
urer's report for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1922,
unfortunately shows a very heavy deficit, amounting to
$17,643.05. This large deficit was incurred notwith-
standing donations from churches amounting to $4,-
46 (262)
President 'e Report
709.64, and gifts from individuals and miscellaneous
sources to the amount of $16,623.81. This deficit and the
large gap between income from investments and actual
expenditures make it imperative that the Boards of the
Seminary make plans for raising a considerable addition
to the endo^vment fund of the institution.
The Class of 1911 contributed one hundred dollars
as a Class for a prize in New Testament Greek in com-
memoration of their tenth anniversary of graduation.
Mrs. David Gregg donated a large collection of books
from the library of Dr. David Gregg. Naturally many
of these books have been found to be duplicates of works
already in our possession, but there are also many others
which we did not have. Indeed the collection as a whole
forms one of the most important additions to the Library
by gift in recent years. The smaller donations of books
are noted in detail in the Librarian 's report.
Mrs. Elizabeth R. McCreery donated an Alaskan
Medicine Man's necklace for the missionary museum.
Recommendations
The Faculty of the Seminary submit the following
recommendations :
(1) That the degree of Bachelor of Divinity be con-
ferred upon :
The Rev. David Lester Say
(2) That the following members of the Senior Class re-
ceive the diploma of the Seminary :
Clifford Edward Barbour
Lewis Arthur Galbraith
Elgie Leon Gibson
L^nnan N. Lemmon
Ralph K. Merker
Walter Harold Millinger
Samuel Galbraith Neal
47 (263)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
Koscoe Walter Porter
Paul Livingstone Warnshuis
James Wallace AVilloughby
(3) That Mr. Emile Augustin Rivard, having presented
no thesis, be permitted to appear with his class
at graduation, hut that his diploma he withheld
until his thesis is presented, and that a statement
be made at the time of graduation, sotting forth
the fact that the failure to present a tliesis was
due to physical disability.
(4) That the following members of the Senior Class re-
ceive a special certificate covering the courses:
which they have actually completed :
Archibald Ferguson Fulton
Daniel Hamill, Jr.
Basil A. Murray
All of which is respectfully submitted.
(Signed) James A. Kelso,
President,
48 (264)
Librarian's Report
To the Board of Directors of the Western Theological
Seminary : / submit herewith my report as Librarian-
of the Seminary, covering the year, April 1, 1921 —
March 31, 1922 :
Condensed Statement
1. Additions:
(a) Volumes added by Purchase 592
(b) Volumes added by Gift 126
Total 718
Additions during the past six years have been as fol-
lows:
By Purchase By Gift Total
1916-17 613 112 725
1917-18 352 635 987
1918-19 293 88 381
1919-20 625 85 710
1920-21 533 53 586
1921-22 592 126 718
2. Cataloguing:
(a) Volumes catalogued 725
(b) Cards added to catalogue 2,111
The figures for the three preceding years are as fol-
lows :
Volumes Cards
Catalogued Added
1918-19 533 1,583
1919-20 435 1,390
1920-21 493 1,594
3. Circulation:
(a) Books loaned 1,951
(b) Periodicals loaned 217
49 (265)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
A record of the circulation of books has been kept
only since 1916, and of periodicals only since 1919.
The figures are as follows :
. Books loaned, 1916-17 1,435
Books loaned, 1917-18 1,832
Books loaned, 1918-19 1,733
Books loaned, 1919-20 1,557
Books loaned, 1920-21 1,618
Books loaned, 1921-22 1,951
Periodicals loaned, 1919-20 225
Periodicals loaned, 1920-21 , 135
Periodicals loaned, 1921-22 217
It will be noted that the number of books loaned is
larger than for any previous year covered by our rec-
ords. In this connection it may be of interest to the
Board to know that the librarian has recently been in
correspondence with Dr. Robinson, of the Board of Pub-
lication and Sabbath School Work, with regard to a plan
for making the seminary libraries of greater service to
the church at large. Our oa\ti library has for years been
sending out books by mail, to almnni of the Seminary and
others, on the most liberal possible terms. Bat this fact
perhaps is not generally kno^\ai. Dr. Robinson has in
mind mapping out the territory which should be served
by each seminary, and urging upon the church a more
general use of the books in the several libraries. Such
publicity work should be fruitful of good results, and our
library stands read^^ to cooperate in the fullest measure.
During the year a large collection of books from the
library of the late Dr. David Gregg was presented to
the Seminary. Naturally many of these books have been
found to be duplicates of works already in our posses-
sion, but there are also many others which we did not
have. Indeed the collection as a whole forms one of the
most important additions to the library by gift in recent
years. Ninety-seven volumes had been accessioned at
50 (266)
Librarian's Report
the close of the period covered by this report, and only
these are included in the figures for gifts above. Others,
in the order of their importance, will be accessioned and
catalogued as time permits.
We have been more successful this year than any
year since the war in our efforts to import books from
continental Europe. The situation with regard to mone-
tary exchange has made it possible for us to buy some im-
portant French and German works at prices very much
below what they would ordinarily cost. Purchases dur-
ing the year have included the following: Pauly, A. F.
& Wissowa, G., ^'Keal-Encyclopadie der classischen Al-
tertumswissenschaft," 1894-1921, 15 vols.; Daremberg,
C. & Saglio, E., '^Dictionnaire des antiquites grecques et
romaines," 1877-1919, 10 vols.; JuUian, C, "Histoire de
la Gaule," 1920-21, 6 Vols.; Gsell, S., ''Histoire ancienne
de I'Afrique du Nord," 1920-21, 4 Vols.; Dittenberger,
W., "Orientis Graeci inscriptiones selectae," 1903-05, 2
vols. ; Mitteis, L. & Wilcken, U., ''Grundziige und Chresto-
mathie der Papyruskunde, " 1912, 4 vols.; Florenz, K.,
"Die historischen Quellen der Shinto-Religion," 1919;
Weiss, D. J., "Das IJrchristentum " 1917; Coulanges, F.,
"La cite antique" 1920; Hamack, A., "Marcion," 1921.
The two recently published volumes of Hastings'
"Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics" (Vol. XI, 1921,
and Vol. XII, 1922) have been secured for the library,
also the new supplementary volumes of the "Encyclo-
paedia Britannica" (Vol. XXX and XXXI, 1922). Other
new reference works which have been purchased are the
"Dictionary of Religion and Ethics," edited by Drs.
Shailer Mathews and G. B. Smith (1921); the "Chil-
dren's Great Texts of the Bible," edited by Dr. Hastings
(6 Vols. 1920-21); "International Encyclopaedia of Quo-
tations," edited by W. S. Walsh (1921). Among the
books of the Gregg collection already incorporated in the
library are 18 volumes of the "Christian World Pulpit"
(1890-1907), containing a wealth of material for the study
51 (267)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
of sermons by great contemporary preachers of the Eng-
glish-speaking world; also the 15-voliime "Library of
Oratory, ' ' edited by Chauncy M. Depew.
The following list includes some of the more notable
additions of miscellaneous character: Smith, P., "The
Age of the Reformation," 1920; Dewey, J., "Reconstruc-
tion in Philosophy," 1920; Mills, P. L., "Prehistoric Re-
ligion," 1918; Trent, W. P., "The Cambridge History
of American Literature," 1921, Vol. 2; Thomson, J. A.,
"The System of Animate Nature," 1920, 2 Vols.; Knight,
Q. A. F., "Nile and Jordan," 1921; Hall, H. R., "The
Ancient History of the Near East," 1920; Wicksteed,
P. H., "The Reactions between Dogma and Philosophy,"
1920; Pattison, A. S. P., "The Spirit," 1921; Haldane,
R. B. H., "The Reign of Relativity," 1921; Burton, E. D.,
"A Harmony of the Synoptic Gospels in Greek," 1920;
Foakes- Jackson, F. J., "An Introduction to the History
of Christianity," 1921; Macintosh, D. C, "Theology as
an Empirical Science," 1919; Inge, W. R., "The Phil-
osophy of Plotinus," 1918, 2 Vols. ; James, H., "The Let-
ters of William James," 1920, 2 Vols.; Strachey, L.,
' ' Queen Victoria, ' ' 1921 ; Strachey, L., ' ' Eminent Victor-
ians 1918; Rosebery, A. P. P., "Miscellanies," 1921, 2
Vols.
The volumes added to the library by gift (in addi-
tion to those from the library of Dr. Gregg) have come
from the following donors : Dr. D. S. Schaff, Mr. N. Don-
aldson, Dr. J. A. Kelso, Mr. 0. Newfang, Mr. J. R. Day,
Mr. A. Cotter, Mrs. W. Thaw, Dr. S. F. Vance, Dr. C. E.
Edwards. The librarian has sent his acknowledgment
and thanks as each contribution was received, and he
takes pleasure in publishing the list of names with this
report.
Last year's experiment of giving instruction at the
beginning of the year on matters connected with books
and the use of the library was repeated this year. Per-
haps this is partly responsible for the fact that to a much
52 (268)
Librarian's Report
greater extent than formerly the librarian has been con-
sulted by students with regard to the use and the pur-
chase of books.
Respectfully submitted,
(Signed) Frank Eakin.
Librarian.
53 (269)
TREASURER'S CONDENSED FINANCIAL REPORT
For the Year Ended March 31st, 1923.
Income
Income from Investments $36,666.43
Income from Investments, Annuity Bond Funds 2,182.29
Income from Investments, Conkling Fund 4,365.00
Interest on Daily Balances 549.40
Income from Rents 1,200.00
Income from Miscellaneous Sources 12,108.81
Contributions by Individuals and Churches 6,874.64
Contributions to Pension Fund 2,350.00
$66,296.57
Disbursements
Salaries paid $40,194.82
Interest paid on Annuity Bonds $2,445.00
Interest paid on Conkling Fund 5,000.00 7,445^00
Interest paid on Loan 1,585.49
Insurance, repairs, commission, and water rents paid. . . . 1,417.19
Accrued interest on Investments purchased 17.69
City Taxes, 1921 — paid 4,052.89
County Taxes, 1921 — paid 296.91
Office Expenses and Janitors' supplies 1,331.78.
Library Expenses 1,865.40
Advertising and Printing 2,946.25
Fuel and Light 6,576.99
Scholarships 2,869.00
Lectures 330.00
Expended for Sundry Equipment 1,950.93
Expended for Improvements 8.00
Other Miscellaneous expenses 2,321.08
Pensions Paid 3,250.00
Repairs 3,101.85
Professors' Annuity Premium 2,378.35
$83,939.62,
Permanent Funds
Real Estate and Building Fund 262,350.80
New Administration Building Fund 131,298.71
New Building Fund No. 2 88,089.50
Contingent Fund 114,416.04
Endowment Fund 194,355.81
Lectureship Fund 3,758.44
Library Fund 32,176.93
Reunion and Memorial Fund 112,287.79
Scholarship Fund 140,604.21
Sacred Rhetoric and Elocution Funds .... 79,519.30
Church Music Fund 14,527.24
President's Chair Endowment Fund 5,000.00
L. H. Severance Lectureship Fund 5,000.00
54 (270)
I
Treasurer's Condensed Financial Report
President's Chair Endowment (Conkling
Fund)) 100,075.00
Annuity Bond Fund 33,800.00
Warrington Library Fund 3,250.00
Chapel Fund 25,010.00
Student Loan & S. H. Fund 2,500.00
Keith Memorial Prize Fund 1,802.00
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Bills Payable (money borrowed) 26,000.00
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55 (271)
Literature.
A Brief Bible History. By James Oscar Boyd, Ph. D., D. D., and
John Gresham Machen, D. D. Philadelphia: The Westmin-
ster Press. 1922. Paper 60 cents.
This small volume of a hundred and twenty-eight pages contains
a condensed table of contents, a brief introduction by Harold McA.
Robinson, D. D., and a survey of the Old and New Testaments. The
survey, presented in two sections, appears as part of "Teaching the
Teacher," which was published last year. The material is divided
into lessons, each lesson concluding with a list of questions.
Equally with "Teaching the Teacher," this book is adapted
for teacher training; and it also most admirably fulfills the pur-
pose stated by Dr. Robinson in the introduction: "To supply the
demand for a brief Bible history for popular reading." Though em-
bracing the entire Bible history in its scope, and without omitting
an essential incident, it is, nevertheless, so condensed that it can be
perused in a few hours. Consequently, it affords a panoramic per-
spective of the development of God's redeeming grace, comprehen-
sive in range and accurate in detail. Light thrown upon the geo-
graphical and natural features of Bible lands, as well as frequent
explanations connecting with contemporaneous events, renders the
narrative clear and graphic.
The book abounds with interpretations, strongly conservative
in point of view, which, while greatly emhancing its value as a
means for indoctrination, nevertheless impair its facilities for offer-
ing a candid and impartial exhibition of sacred history. Whether
this feature constitutes a merit or defect in an otherwise eminently
engaging, instructive and timely publication, rests with the individ-
ual reader to determine for himself.
Monaca. Pa. JOHN O. MILLER, '16.
The Approach to the New Testameait. By James Moffatt D. D., D.
Litt., Hon. M. A. (Oxon.). New York: George H. Doran Com-
pany. 1921. $3.00.
This book is certain to have a wide reading in America, where
Dr. Moffatt's work is so well and favorably known. It will be ot
especial interest to those readers of the Bulletin who heard his lec-
tures at the Seminary in the early part of this year. A considerable
part of the material of the lectures will be found in the book, due
no doubt to the fact that the two were taking shape in the author's
mind at nearly the same time. The book itself had its origin as a
course of lectures: the Hibbert Lectures for 1921, delivered in
London and Cambridge.
The chapters are as follows: First Impressions of the New
Testament; The Origin and Meaning of the Name; The Old Testa-
ment in the New; The New Testament in the Christian Church;
The Historical Method at Work; The Task of the Historical Method;
Some Objections to the Historical Method; The Limitations of the
Historical Method.
56 (272)
Literature
A glance at these chapter headings will suggest that "the ap-
proach to the New Testament" which Professor Moffatt has set him-
self to discuss is the historical approach, or the "historical method"
to employ the more familiar phrase. What service he hoped to
render by such a discussion is explained in the preface, from which
it will be worth while to quote: "My instructions were, not to
offer any results of research such as might appeal only to experts,
but to lay before the educated public an outline of the present
position of the New Testament in the light of modern criticism . . a
statement which should also bring out the positive value of the
New Testament literature for the world of to-day. The idea was an
appreciation of the New Testament not merely as a historical phe-
nomenon, but as a source of guidance in social reconstruction, so
that some readers might be enabled to recover or retain a sense
of its lasting significance for personal faith and social ideals ....
We are learning how to approach this great literature from the prop-
er angle and thus to see it in its true perspective. This approach to
the New Testament is the work of the historical method. What
I have tried to do in these lectures is to explain and illustrate it,
to sketch some of its salient principles, and in general to suggest
what the modern mind may expect to find and must be prepared to
offer, in approaching the collection of primitive Christian classics
which we call the New Testament ... I have had in view . . .
partly those who imagine that with the passing of the doctrine of
verbal inspiration the New Testament has ceased to possess any vital
importance for the age, partly those who are still unconsciously
under the mediaeval idea that the New Testament contains a mass
of beliefs and truths, assent to which constitutes faith, and partly
those who read it and read about it with a mixture of interest and
perplexity in their minds."
This varied — and often much beclouded — attitude toward the
New Testament of which Professor Moffatt speaks is a phenomenon
well known to many ministers, who will count it a great good for-
tune that the task of helping to clear matters up, in the minds
of educated people, should have been undertaken by one so eminently
qualified. His qualifications, it may be remarked, are more than
intellectual. He has a Scotchman's religiousness, mysticism, or
whatever we choose to call it — an indispensable asset for such a
task. He has also a "Britisher's" tendency to be conservative — to
adhere as long as possible to the status quo. On the whole this too
is an asset, when balanced by sound scholarship. Thus we have
every reason to expect great things from this book.
Does it meet our expectations, or is it likely to meet them ab
it is increasingly circulated and read? The answer to this question
should be given by those for whom the book was intended — the
educated readers who are not students of the New Testament in a
professional or technical sense. A friend of mine, who belongs
to this class and whose judgment about books I long ago learned to
regard with much respect, wrote me the other day that he was
reading Moffatt's "Approach" and liked it. But he added a rather
severe criticism of the style, concluding with this: "One wonders
often why a great scholar would not give a little more time to the
way to present things." I am afraid that this criticism is .iustified.
It applies — alas! — to others of the author's books, notably his monu-
mental "Introduction to the Literature of the New Testament."
57 (273)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
But they are great books none the less. The "Introduction" is
much the most valuable work in its iield for the present-day student
(at least in the English language); and the "Approach" is for
the time being scarcely less unique in its different field.
FRANK EAKIN.
A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. By G. Abbot-Smith,
D. D., Professor of New Testament Literature in the Montreal
Diocesan Theological College. New York: Charles Scribner's
Sons. $6.00.
Recent discoveries have shown that the language of the New
Testament is not the Classical Greek modified by contact with the
Semitic World, but is that of the common people of the first century.
Much information as to the meaning of words and their use has
been obtained through the study of the papyri discovered in Egypt.
Consequently New Testament grammars have had to be thoroughly
revised. Likewise there was need of a new lexicon. Prof. Abbot-Smith
has admirably succeeded in embodying in tfiis lexicon the results of
the recent discoveries and scholarship.
Especially noteworthy is the accuracy, compactness, and usa-
bility of the lexicon, the useful notes on synonyms, the references
to literature where authoritative examination of different words is
to be found, the Hebrew equivalents of the Greek words, and the
fact that the lexicon embodies in connection with each word 95%
of the passages where it is found in the New Testament and almost
40% of those in the Septuagint.
Very helpful for beginners is appendix A, containing a list of
the irregular verbs with their various forms, and appendix B, which
is an alphabetical list of verbal forms.
The student who desires the best New Testament Lexicon will pur-
chase this one.
SELBY F. VANCE.
'The Creative Christ: A Study of the Incarnation in Terms of Mod-
ern Thought. By Edward S. Drown, D. D. New York: The
Macmillan Company. 1922.
The purpose of this book, which consists of a series of lectures,
is "to make Christ real for ourselves," and that can only be done
as we "seek to interpret the truth about Him in a way that will
commend itself to our thoughts, and will satisfy our needs and solve
our problems." This we may properly do for "Jesus is the Man of
the ages," and "there is in Him that which can appeal to and satisfy
the thoughts and hopes and aspirations of every period of human
experience." Such a claim is, of course, quite legitimate. For
every previous age has sought an interpretation of Christ in terms of
Its own peculiar needs and problems. The readers of this book will
appreciate the fact that Dr. Drown, in stating the modern position,
does not feel it to be incumbent upon him to reject either the
terminology or the faith of Christian teachers of other periods,
58 (274)
Literature
as some modern writers on the subject unfortunately and most
inconsistently do. So long as words are a medium for the expres-
sion of thought, writers and teachers in order to make themselves
understood must use the current terminology. However, a new
terminology does not necessarily mean a new teaching. John, in the
Fourth Gospel, used the terminology of the Philonic school of meta-
physics; and Paul, the Rabbinical methods of exegesis. Dr. Drown
uses what he is pleased to call modern terminology. His approach
to the problem is not along metaphysical or mystical lines; his is the
moral approach. For "the terms of our age are essentially moral
terms." But on the whole, the main difference between Dr. Drown
and the apostles is one of approach; the conclusions reached in each
case are practically the same. "In Him was life and the life was the
light of men" (John). "I live, yet not I, but Christ iiveth in me."
(Paul). "Christ is the creative source of Christ-likeness in men"
(Dr. Drown). The author's conception of Christ as the goal of hu-
manity is adequately stated in Paul's phrase, that we may "all at-
tain unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ."
"To be true to the Fathers is not to follow their formulas but
their faith." And again he afRrms that "to act on their example is
not to abide satisfied with their results, it is to walk farther along
the path they trod." These statements indicate the temper in which
the author approaches his task.
When the author declares that the terms of our time are es-
sentially moral, and then goes on to state that "everywhere in the
New Testament the ideas are moral ideas and the terms moral
terms," we feel like venturing to suggest that the term "Biblical"
should be substituted for the term "Modern" in the sub-title of the
book. And we are further encouraged to do this by the fact that
Dr. Drown's conception of God is that of the Old Testament prophets,
namely, the conception of God as an ethical Person. His conten-
tion is that, along ethical lines, and on the basis of ethical principles
alone, can any complete and satisfactory doctrine of the Incarna-
tion ever be reached. All failures in the past to harmonize the di-
vine and the human elements of Jesus' personality were due to
the fact that theologians insisted upon seeking it along metaphysi-
cal lines rather than along ethical lines. God is essentially moral;
his relations with men are moral, and we shall only come to under-
stand Christ as we understand God, in moral terms.
The author makes much of the "creative Love of God." much
more than he does of God's holiness; at times he identifies God
with love, love Is the essence of God. In what he has to say about
the relation of the Incarnation to the Atonement it is readily seen
that his thought is dominated by the conception of God as love. The
creative love of God withholds nothing from the creature, so that
man possesses all the attributes of God. But this fact does not
identify God and man. There is a fundamental distinction between
them; "The one and only ineradicable difference" between God and
man is to be found in the source of the attributes, they inhere in
God but with man they are derived. Thus Christianity is saved
from falling into the error of pantheism.
The Incarnation can be thought of as a momentary act, limited
to the birth of Jesus, only when conceived of in terms of substance.
But regarded from the ethical point of view it is a process. This
59 (275)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
follows because the Incarnation is a moral and spiritual union and
morality implies growth. The perfection of Jesus is regarded as
something which He achieved through a process of moral stress and
strain, of trial and temptation. The character of Christ is true
moral character, and is the result of a moral process, which, as it
becomes more complete, more perfectly reveals God.
Throughout the book most of the fundamental doctrines of
Christianity are dealt with. But the author's interpretation of some
of the most important of them is not very clear. He "cannot con-
sider the Incarnation contingent upon the fact of sin or the need
of atonement" for the reason that "the Incarnation is the Atone-
ment." Here the reader is left to guess at what he means. Such a
statement may be "modern," but it can hardly be accepted as scrip-
tural. We prefer to believe with Dr. Denny that "An Incarnation
which would have taken place in any event is an Incarnation which
does not put the sinner under that obligation to Christ under which
he is put by an Incarnation which is necessitated and determined
by the loving will to save sinners by bearing their sins." This state-
ment we believe to be nearer to the mind of our Lord than is Dr.
Drown's. There are other points on which the reader will find
himself at variance with the author. There is little in the book
that will be of practical value to the average preacher. Its chief
value lies in the attempt that is made to make the personality of
Jesus, especially His humanity, of real significance and value. Less
verbosity and repetition, and more clear definition of terms would
improve it. However, as a mental exercise the book is worth read-
ing.
Vanderbilt, Pa. JAMES MAYNE, '18.
Towai-d the Understanding of Jesus, and other studies. By Vlad-
mir G. Simkhovitch, Professor of Economics in Columbia Uni-
versity, New York. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1921.
Pp. 165. $1.75.
Here is a book that will delight the heart of the historian, and
one, moreover, which the theologian cannot ignore. It deals with
ultimate causes. The volume has three historical studies: 1.
"Toward the Understanding of Jesus" 2, "Rome's Fall Reconsid-
ered;" 3. "Hay and History." While these theses appear in this
order in the book, the reverse order is the chronological one. We
shall so consider them.
In "Hay and History," Professor Simkhovitch discusses that
ancient institution, — the village community. The latter is funda-
mentally different from the American community. It has the home-
steads grouped together, with barns, stables, etc. Then there are
three great fields, the wheat or rye field, the oats or barley field, and
the fallow ground. Also, there is the meadow. Excluding the
meadow, each of these three great fields is cut up into thousands of
strips. The farmer may own one or many, according to his wealth,
in each of the three fields. He has a share in the meadow pastur-
age proportionate to his land ownings.
This is the situation from time immemorial. It was neither
convenient nor economical; it meant "waste of energy of both man
60 (276)
Literature
and beasts." "Why, then, did such an institution persist in sur-
viving? There must have been some circumstance either of a com-
pelling or compensating nature." This the author seeks to dis-
cover.
After examining documents and sources, he discovers this:
that the land constantly became poorer. "But did people not know
about improving the soil?" We are assured that they did; they
appreciated the value of manure as well as any modern farmer.
Well, "Did they not keep cattle? Yes .... but the question is,
could the individual farmer keep on his land enough cattle to im-
prove .... his entire farm?" In brief, he could not. Again we
ask, why? The answer is found in the method of crop rotation.
Wheat the first year; oats the second: fallow the third. "Where, in
this schedule, does grass-seeding come and where are tlie hayfieldsr
There were none!" The farmer could build up his land only as he
had cattle; he could keep cattle only as he had meadow land; the
latter was entirely dependent upon some stream, and so always
utterly inadequate. Consequently, all land, throughout the world,
gradually became poorer and poorer.
"Go to the ruins of ancient and rich civilizations in Asia
Minor, Northern Africa, or elsewhere. Look at the unpeopled
valleys, at the dead and buried cities, and you can decipher
there the promise and the prophecy that the law of soil ex-
haustion held in store for all of us. It is but the story of an
abandoned farm on a gigantic scale. Depleted of humus by con-
stant cropping, land could no longer reward labor and support
life: so the people abandoned it. Deserted, it became a desert;
the light soil was washed by the rain and blown around by
shifting winds." (p. 161.)
Now, what changed all this? It was the discovery, about the
middle of the 17th Century, of grass-seeding. This one thing
changed everything, and turned a losing battle, agriculturally speak-
ing, into a triumph. It meant the possibility of continued life upon
the earth. Professor Simkhovitch rightly calls it "a revolution that
fundamentally changed the basis of agriculture, that abolished the
law of diminishing returns" marking "the end of the dark ages of
agriculture."
•
II
Why did Rome fall? The trite answer, from Horace to Gibbon,
has been, "corruption." The sturdy rural class is becoming extinct;
there is a rush to the city, with its dissolute life; there is a mad
lust for pleasure. The small landed class has disappeared and the
proletariat emerges.
A very good answer, doubtless, but it does not satisfy our au-
thor. Granted that, as Livy discerningly states, "the large estates
('latifundia') ruin Italy, yea, even, the provinces," we must find
out, if possible, just why the "latifundiae" exist. This Professor
Simkhovitch does and he makes the dry documents read like a ro-
mance. His first hand acquaintance with the old Latin authors is
startling, and his conclusions bear the imprint of independent
thought. Step by step he traces the story of the fall of Imperial
Rome. He shows that in the early Republic, a seven-jugera farm
was considered large enough to support a family. Then comes the
61 (277)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
time of the Gracci, and Tiberius Graccus thinks that a farmer
ought to have thirty jugera. Later, Trentius made it fifty jugera.
Caesar allotted sixty-six and one-third jugera. Augustus, still later,
gave his colonists four hundred jugera. Why was this? Why did
the small farmer disappear and the vast landed estates appear?
Until Cicero could say that the whole commonwealth could muster
a bare two thousand property owners? And why was it, finally,
that these vast estates no longer were profitable, and their owners
ceased to farm them? Here follows an interesting analysis of the
laws of the empire. All the statesmen saw what was going on and
tried in vain to check it. Laws more and more drastic were passed
in the vain endeavor to stimulate argiculture. It simply could not
be done. Why?
Our author examines some possible reasons. He shows, for
instance, why the importation of wheat from Sicily, and later from
Egypt, was in no way a factor to discourage Italian farming. To
the question, did the Romans understand nothing about building
up the soil, he answers that the knowledge about agriculture pos-
sessed by the ancient Romans was so great as to be almost modern.
And so through the list of possible reasons.
Having read "Hay and History," we are prepared for the an-
swer. Had the Romans possessed the knowledge of grass-seeding,
and so made the soil steadily better instead of the reverse, the very
history of the world might have been changed. With becoming
modesty, the author does not mean that this was the only factor. —
"that so rich and so complex a texture of life could depend upon
any one single factor." For example, "the presence of oxygen does
not explain life, (but) the absence of it is sufficient to explain
death." And certainly one lays down this thesis feeling that it has
been proven.
Ill
We come now to the first thesis, "Toward the Understanding
of Jesus." Fundamentalists need not be alarmed; the author is not
about to explain the Sermon on the Mount by the humus of Pales-
tine. He definitely says, "The problem is, why such unprecedented
teachings at that particular time?" He begins his explanation by
sketching the history of the Jews during the century preceding
Christ's birth. It is a marvel of conciseness. Jesus was born in
the midst of this frenzied, perfervid religio-politica.1 atmosphere.
Is it fair to say that he was uninfluenced by it? Manifestly, not.
In brief, the situation at the birth of Christ was this: Rome
was closing her hands upon the throat of Jewish nationality.
Roughly speaking, there were three classes of people among his
fellow countrymen: first, those who aped Roman customs and who
were opposed to any opposition; second, the Zealots who were al-
ways ready to do or die; third, the intelligent minds who hated
Rome cordially, but realized that physical resistance was absolute
folly. How would Jesus answer these?
We must remember that Jesus, through his human nature, re-
acted to the stirring events of his day; he "either resented the ag-
gression of Rome, or he did not." Had he not resented it, nothing
more would have happened. If he did resent it — and we believe he
did — what was he to do? "How could a proud spirit justify non-
62 (278)
Literature
resistance to Rome? A proud spirit could not." But when Jesus
thought this thing through — and the author thinks this is the true
interpretation of the Temptation — he came before his people with
a solution. To this solution, this insight, Professor Simkhovitch
pays the highest tribute. It was "one which future generations may
rediscover, but can never upset." Briefly, it was the exaltation of
the inner life. The fervent Jews who realized that resistance to
the Romans was folly, and kept their peace, were inwardly aflame.
Hatred smoldered and burned. This could not give peace. Jesus'
solution was the way of humility, of at-one-ness, if you please, with
the kingdom of his Father. It was the doctrine that "the mind is
its own place, and in itself, can make a heaven of hell" as Milton so
well taught. And because Jesus was divinely inspired, he knew that
this was, not a solution, but the solution.
To say that Jesus' fellow-countrymen did not understand him,
is to say something very trite. The reason is that "they believed in
him . . . with their faith, not with his faith;" they looked for a
Messiah who would deliver them from the Romans, whereas the
actual mission of the Messiah was to deliver them from themselves.
The breach could not be bridged. Jerusalem killed her Prophet.
"For what is a prophet? If he is a true prophet, is he not so be-
cause of his insight . . . into the inevitable consequences of our mo-
mentary, passionate actions? Then, because of this very insight, he
can never qualify as a popular leader, the hero of a passing mo-
ment." How true these words! And how much they contribute
"toward the understanding of Jesus."
Girard, Pa. RALPH V. GILBERT, '16.
The Divine Antidote to Sin, Sickness, and Death, revised edition.
By Frank N. Riale, Ph. D., D, D. New York: The Christian
Work. 1921. $2.25.
The man who dares is the man who commands attention. Dr.
Riale has displayed a degree and quality of theological and spiritual
daring that entitles him to a multitude of readers. He has dared
to confront and defy sickness and death in their inmost retreat, he
has dared to take the Sacred Scriptures at their utmost spiritual
value, and he has dared to claim for the spirit of man a satisfactory
response to its deepest and remotest cry.
Undoubtedly we have lost the venturesome and confldent faith
of Jesus and Paul, and have written our ne plus ultra, not at the
exit of a world of promise and revelation, but at the very entrance.
Dr. Riale has broken through the Pillars of Hercules, and his book
challenges the theologian to square himself with the plain meaning
of the Scriptures; it challenges the professing Christian to satisfy to
the fullest his whole being, body, mind, and spirit, in the limitless
provisions of the Son of God; and it challenges all to come out of
their narrow pholadian cells and enjoy the boundless seas of privilege
and blessing. Dr Riale has dared to think and to believe what to some
may be the unthinkable and the unbelievable — and therein lies one
of the chief merits of his book. He breaks through barriers, rises
above mountains, soars through the clouds. His book should be read
as an example of the kind of daring that is needed to-day; the daring
63 (279)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
that will either prove or disprove the theology by which we are
trying to save the world; the daring that will liberate the mind and
heart from the bondage of fixed human dogma and send them out
after the treasures of the illimitable. Whether we accept or reject
the conclusions of the book we must admit that it forces to an issue
the claims of faith and compels us to put the gospel to a legitimate
test both in things seen and things unseen.
Although the title of the book covers the subjects Sin, Sickness,
and Death, the last two only are dwelt upon; the discussions resting
on the accepted doctrine of salvation from sin, and being extensions
of it. It is assumed that the healing of sin carries with it the lesser
blessings of health and life, both of which are put within man's own
reach and made available in the same manner as his salvation from
sin; namely, through faith. So long as men believe that sickness
and death are inevitable, a part of the will and plan of God, so long
will they prepare for them instead of against them. Such an atti-
tude of mind will, of course, limit the power and scope of faith, and
stagnate the spiritual life. The faith of Christ did not recognize
material obstacles.
The author gives a glimpse of his experiences that led to the
great vision of health and life. He discovers the way of health and
attains it. He beholds in Christ the victory over physical death
and declares, "There should not be a death descent into the grave,
but a divine ascent into glory." He appeals to the Scriptures con-
stantly, and shows that the Divine purpose covers the salvation of
the body as well as of the spirit. He supports his position further
by quotations from seers, artists, scientists, and philosophers who
have expressed their aspirations, hopes, and beliefs with reference
to sickness and death, and who have ventured into lands of promise
where others feared to enter.
After establishing his position that sickness is without excuse,
and that death is not the proper exit of life, the author proceeds to
show that the acquisition and exercise of such a faith is the true
high water mark of religion. Here he seems as sure of his mystical
relation to the world of spirits as of his relation to the material
world in which he lives, and he permits his spirit to plunge into
infinite depths and soar through infinite heights to receive the treas-
ures purposely created to satisfy its purposely created hopes. He
then shows how this larger faith throws floods of light on the Lord's
Supper, Paradise, the Cross, the Trinity, the Resurrection, and the
Second Advent.
Some of us who have grown old in study find a great residuum
precipitated from our theology, over which we smile somewhat blush-
ingly. We therefore become less critical of others, and are glad to
allow any one all necessary latitude for proving his contentions.
If Dr. Riale is at variance with any man's theology, it is safe to
say that he is less so with Scripture.
Without expressing any opinion about the attainability of the
states set forth, or of the literary methods or qualities of the work,
the book may be praised as a wholesome adventure into remote
spiritual regions that call loudly for exploration. It ought also
to more than satisfy that type of mind which, for the want of some-
thing better, has had to turn to the pretentions of Christian Science.
Washington, D. C. HUBERT REX JOHNSON.
64 (280)
Literature
Life and History. By Lynn Harold Hough, Th.D., D.D. New
York: George H. Doran Company. 1922. $1.50 net.
The author of this volume of addresses and essays is Profes-
sor of Historical Theology in Garrett Biblical Institute, whose
culture and ideals are well exhibited in his writings. Although
each address is necessarily limited and the opinions condensed,
there is much to interest and a great deal to suggest high and
useful thought. They are marked by a style at once engaging and
stimulating, and their range is wide enough to interest by variety.
Thus the titles will show the versatility of the author and the im-
portance of his opinions: "The Universality and Remaking of
the World", delivered in the chapel of Mansfield College, Oxford;
"The University and the Republic", a baccalaureate sermon at
Northwestern University; "Finding a Permanent Passion", deliv-
ered in the chapel of Cornell University; "The Place of Religion
in the New Era", in City Temple, London; while such papers as
"Making Theology Live," "Dante and His Century", "The Genius
of John Kelman", and others pique the curiosity of the earnest-
minded. The author defines his position as Evangelical Human-
ism, and hopes that Athens and Jerusalem meet in friendly
fashion in what he writes. His hope is not in vain.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
S. J. FISHER.
Property: Its Duties and Rights; Essays by various writers with
Introduction by the Bishop of Oxford. New edition. New
York: The Macmillan Company. 1922. pp. 243. $2.00.
If this volume were lacking in any great merit in itself it
would still be a contribution of worth because it is an honest at-
tempt to throw new light upon the perennially important subject
of private property. Whatever was true even a generation ago, it is
an obvious fact that to-day many people are disposed seriously ^o
question the right and others to deny it altogether. The BolshjC-
vist who in theory at least exalts the proletariat into supreme con-
trol of material things and the Syndicalist who would seize without
compensation all instruments of production, represent those who
would destroy it. But it is also the philosopher and the so-called,
Christian Socialist who sometimes question it so vigorously as to
indicate a quite cheerful disposition to surrender the right of private
property if the interests of society seem to require it. Perhaps all
these men are equally sincere and are to be distinguished one from
the other only in the methods whereby this great good may be
brought about. In making this statement the writer does not mean
to imply that the authors of these essays are to be included in any
of the above groups of thinkers.
In order to understand what these essays are intended to ac-
complish one should know how they came to be written. Dr. Vernon
Bartlet of Mansfield College wrote to the British Weekly urging
Christians to deal with property according to the Biblical idea of
stewardship and submitted the idea to Rev. Charles Gore, then
Bishop of Oxford. Bishop Gore felt that before such an appeal
could be fully effective it would be advisable to make a somewhat
65 (281)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
complete study of the philosophy or principle of property. He
therefore suggested a volume of essays treating the subject of
property from th© standpoint both of philosophy and religion. To-
gether they marked out the divisions of the subject and assigned
these to the several writers. The book is the result. The writers
are men of scholarship and of sincerity of purpose. Whether or not
one agrees with the opinions and conclusions set forth, he will find
in this volume the matured convictions of eminent Christian men
upon a subject vital both to the individual and to society in every
civilized country.
No attempt is here made to analyze the several essays. Pro-
fessor L. T. Hobhouse, of London University, discusses the histori-
cal evolution of property; Rev. Hastings Rashdall of New College,
Oxford, the philosophical theory of property; A. D. Lindsay, of Bal-
liol College, Oxford, the principle of private property; and perhaps
most interesting of all, Rev. Henry Scott Holland, Canon of Christ
Church, Oxford, the subject of property and personality. Other
writers present the subject from the standpoint of the Bible, Mediae-
val Theology, and the Reformation. The closing essay, new in this
edition, making eight in all, deals with the law of property in Eng-
land. The mere mention of the subjects of these productions will
awaken a keen desire on the part of many to read the book. Not-
withstanding its diverse authorship the volume has real unity of
purpose and result.
The two men chiefly responsible for the publication are quite
frank in putting forth the thesis that the right of property is rela-
tive. It may be recognized now: to-morrow something else may
take its place. If the people of any nation come to feel that the
best interests of society demand its abolition, they may through
their legislative body "refashion, abridge or annul" the right of
private property altogether. These men are much more anxious to
develop the idea of property as a social trust or stewardship than
they are to maintain the principle that what a man has is his own.
Society is more important than the individual: and if retention of
the institution can be had by the sacrifice ojE one or the other, it
must be the individual not the group. One should stop a moment
to consider whether a perfect society can exist without perfect in-
dividuals to compose it. It may even be true that Aristotle, in his
argument that "private property is necessary for the development
of the higher life of the individual and is the most effective stimulus
to character and personal exertion" is more nearly right than the
most modern socialist, even the mildest and most Christian, who
has managed to persuade himself that one may do with the indi-
vidual what he will and yet somehow society can be made all right.
One joins heartily in any program which has for its object the edu-
cation of property owners in the responsibility which rests upon
them and their persuasion to use their possessions as stewards of
God and benefactors of men so as to work out the weal of society.
Preachers and teachers alike should enlist in this noble undertaking
and purpose to continue earnestly until this ideal is realized; but if
property is a part of personality, if its roots are in the soul of man
and not in the soil of the earth, then to tear it up would tend to de-
stroy the very material out of which the right kind of social organ-
ism can be constructed. The man, who, if this be approximately the
right idea of property, is willing to surrender the institution in the
66 (282)
>
Literature
supposed interests of society, may be a very good man and a very
good Christian, but he is pointing out a way which leads not to
good but to evil. The perfect society may not come as quickly as
we could wish; but it is better to continue for a longer period the
work of persuading men to employ the Christian ideal in the use of
property rather than to risk the overthrow of society itself by
yielding up the institution of private property, fine as the vision of
a Christian social state may seem. After all, it is possible that
the injunction, "Thou shalt not steal" implies a right which should
be maintained until we are quite sure we have something decidedly
and enduringly better.
s. B. Mccormick, 1890.
67 (283)
Alumniana
OAIiLS
Rev. Francis M. Kumler, '80, DeGraff, Ohio, to Cumberland,
Ohio,
Rev. W. L. Barrett, D.D., '00, Belief ontaine, Ohio, to Mont-
view Boulevard Church, Denver, Col.
Rev. J. Byers Brice, '00, Marion, Ohio, to Plymouth, Ind.
Rev. W. R. Craig, '06, Butler, Pa., to First Church, Latrobe,
Pa.
Rev. C. I. Steffey, '15, Conneautville, Pa., to Rossiter and
Rockbridge, Pa.
INSTALLATIONS
Rev. W. J. Holmes, '02, Westerville, Ohio, May 9, 1922.
Rev. Henry L. Geddes, '11, Deshler, Ohio, April 27, 1922.
Rev. Lyman N. Lemmon, '22, West Glade Run and Worthing-
ton Churches, Presbytery of Kittanning, May 9, 1922.
Rev. Basil A. Murray, '22, Appleby lyianor Memorial and
Crooked Creek Churches, Presbytery of Kittanning, May 25, 1922.
Rev. Roscoe W. Porter, '22, Arlington Heights, Pittsburgh,
Pa., May 11, 1922.
NEW ADDRESSES
Rev. J. B. Worrall, '76, Danville, Ind., to Grayson, Ky.
Rev. Isaac Boyce, D.D., '84, Allison Park, Pa., to 178 Dakota
St., Bellevue, Pa.
Rev. A. J. Herries, '84, New Milford, Pa., to Tunkhannock, Pa.
Rev. J. S. Plummer, D.D., '84, Ben Avon, Pa., to 944 N-Lin-
coln Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Rev. George M. Donehoo, '97, Caledonia, Minn., to Menlo,
Iowa.
Rev. B. R. MacHatton, '99, Great Falls, Mont., to Plymouth
Congregational Church, Des Moines, Iowa.
Rev. P. W, Snyder, D.D., '00, Pittsburgh, Pa., to 2841 Broad-
way, Dormont, Pa.
Rev. H. C. Hutchison, '09, Pittsburgh, Pa., to Shelby, Ohio.
Rev. W. P. Russell, '15, from 726 1/2 S. Arch St., to 209 E.
Washington Ave., Connellsville, Pa.
68 (284)
Alumniana
ACCESSIONS
Rev. C. S. McClelland, D.D., '80, Mt. Washington, Pgh. Pa 7
Rev. O. N. Verner, D.D., '86, McKees Rocks, Pa 34
Rev. E. A. CuUey, '94, Derry, Pa 22
Rev. R. F. Getty, '94, Murrysville, Pa 8
Rev. W. S. Kreger. '97, Snow Hill, Md 8
Rev. W. J. Hutchison, '98, First, Kittanning, Pa 23
Rev. G. I. Wilson, '99, Parkersburg, W. Va 42
Rev. J. H. Lawther, '01, Niles, Ohio 59
Rev. J. P. Lippincott, '02, Cadiz, Ohio 14
Rev. G. R. Phillips, '02, Providence, Pittsburgh, Pa 21
Rev. E. W. Byers, '03, Jersey Shore, Pa 25
Rev. C. E. Ludwig, '06, Concord, Carrick, Pa 80
Rev. M. M. McDivitt, '07, Knoxville, Pittsburgh, Pa 74
Rev. O. C. Gross, '10, Brewster, Minn 47
Rev. George Taylor, Jr., Ph.D., '10, First, Wilkinsburg, Pa. . . 86
Rev, B. Tron, '10, Waldensian Congregation, New York, N. Y. 20
Rev. H. G. McMillen, '10, St. Clairsville, Ohio 22
Rev. C. C. Cribbs, '11, First, Apollo, Pa 33
Rev. E. J. Travers, '12, First, Lonaconing, Md 14
Rev. H. J. Baumgartel, '13, Parnassus, Pa 41
Rev. LeRoy Lawther, '17, Central, McKeesport, Pa 142
Rev, W. W. McKinney, '19, Round Hill, Elizabeth, Pa 26
Rev. R. H. Henry, '21, Rich Hill, Volant, Pa 8
GENERAL ITEMS
1879
Dr. and Mrs. J. C. R. Ewing, who have been for so many
years in Lahore, India, have returned to this country.
1880
The Bridgeville Church, Rev. A. A. Mealy, D.D., pastor, has
completed and paid for a new lecture room, new Sunday School
rooms, and new dining and kitchen department.
The addition of 160 members on 46 Sabbaths, at the ordinary
services, within two years is the result of evangelistic effort put
forth by the Fourth Church of Camden, N. J., under the leadership
of the pastor. Rev. W. A. Williams, D.D.
1908
After an illness of several months Rev. D. W. McLeod is able
to assume once more his duties in the First Church of East Liver-
pool, Ohio.
1909
The April 20th meeting of Pittsburgh Ministers' Association
was addressed by Rev. W. H. Orr, whose subject was "Professor
Royce on the Atonement."
69 (285)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminar^/
1882
Rev. O. T. Langfitt, who has held long pastorates in Mankato
Presbytery, Minn., has moved to Mankato and will spend some
months in quiet and rest.
1883
The Sandusky Street Baptist Church of Pittsburgh had special
services the week of March 19-25 to commemorate the fiftieth an-
niversary of the ministry of Dr. A. J. Bonsall, whose first pastorate
was in Apollo, Pa., and who has been with the Pittsburgh Church
since 1906.
1884
Rev. Isaac Boyce, D.D., has been appointed chaplain of the
Pittsburgh Association for the Improvement of the Poor.
The Seminary has been honored in the election of Dr. Charles
C. Hays, D.D., former President of the Board of Directors, to the
Moderatorship of the General Assembly. The growing extent and
complexity of the work of the church is constantly increasing the
burden of responsibility resting upon the Moderator, and we are
sure the Assembly could have found no man better fitted than Dr.
Hays for the high task of leadership.
1888
During the summer months Dr. Jesse L. Cotton is a member
of the faculty of the Graduate School of Theology at the University
of Dubuque.
Rev. Francis A. Kerns has been dismissed from Redstone
Presbytery to the Presbytery of Southwest Florida.
1893
Rev. J. S. Ewing, formerly Anti-Saloon League Superintendent
in Philadelphia, has become Superintendent of Home Missions in
the Synod of New Jersey.
On the first Sabbath in April the First Church of Newark,
Ohio, Rev. Calvin G. Hazlett, D.D., pastor, celebrated the tenth
anniversary of the present pastorate. The reports made public on
that occasion showed a membership almost doubled and a like in-
crease in giving over the ten years period.
1895
The degree of Doctor of Divinity has recently been conferred
upon the Rev. U. S. Greves by Lafayette College.
1896
The Salineville, Ohio, congregation surprised Rev. and Mrs.
J. S. Cotton on the evening of their twenty-fifth wedding anniver-
sary, June 23, by coming two hundred strong to their home and
presenting them with tokens of their esteem.
1897
Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D.D., LL.D., pastor of the Shadyside
Church of Pittsburgh, has been chosen to succeed Dr. Hays as
70 (286)
Aluwiniana
President of the Board of Directors. The whole body of the
Alumni will heartily approve this action of the Board, and con-
fidently expect a continuance of the wisdom and devotion, which
characterized the presidency of Dr. Kerr's distinguished predeces-
sor.
1898
Rev. Herbert Hezlep is pastor of the Knox Church of Cincin-
nati, which has add-ed 541 members in the past three years.
Past the one thousand mark in membership is the record
achieved by the First Church of Kittanning, where Rev. W. J.
Hutchison is pastor.
1899
Rev. R. P. Daubenspeck is in the fifteenth year of his pas-
torate in Huntingdon, Pa. In June the church was re-deeorated
and a new three-manual organ was installed.
Rev. J. D. Humphrey, pastor of the Plumville Church, has
been active in County Sabbath School work.
1901
Under the leadership of Rev. J. H. Lawther the Niles Church
is making splendid progress. Fifty-nine members were added on
April, 23rd.
1902
An encouraging report was recently issued by the Forty-Third
street Church, Pittsburgh, in which Rev. S. T. Brown has completed
a five years' work.
1902
The Presbyterian Church of Cadiz, Ohio, Rev. R. P. Llppln-
cott, D.D., pastor, conducted a Daily Vacation Bible School in a.
neighboring mining village, the membership of which comprised
twelve nationalities.
1903
Dr. Geo. C. Fisher addressed the Pittsburgh Ministers' Meeting
of April 17th, on "What is Truth — Browning's. Answer in the Ring
and the Book,"
1904
Rev. Harry M. Campbell has become assistant to the pastor of
the Fourth Church of Pittsburgh.
1905 . -
A fine piece of immigrant work is being done in Lackawanna,
N. Y., by Rev. V. P. Backora, superintendent of the Immigrant
Aid Bureau. Securing of passports and naturalization papers, set-
tling estates, and making out income tax returns are a few of the
many services rendered.
71 (287)
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Seminary
1906
The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on Rev. W.
R. Craig by Washington and Jefferson College at the June Com-
mencement exercises. Dr. Craig has recently accepted a call to
the First Church of Latrobe.
Rev. C. E. Ludwig is meeting with success in his work at
Concord Church, Carrick. Eighty new members were received on
Easter Sabbath. The church conducts a mission in the adjoining
borough of Brentwood.
1907
Wooster College conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity
on Rev. John W. Christie of the Mount Auburn Church, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Rev. Wm. C. Ferver has taken up his duties in Unity Church,
Shenango Presbytery, Pa.
The Second Church of Butler, Pa., gave more for benevolences
last year than for current expenses. Attendance at the Easter
Communion in this church broke all records, seven hundred thirty
persons partaking in the service. Rev. Geo. C. Miller has been pastor
since his graduation from Seminary.
1910
On May 1st Rev. H. G. McMillen addressed the Pittsburgh
Ministers' Meeting on "Church Union."
The First Church of Martins Ferry, Ohio, has secured Miss
L. B. Harrison as assistant to the pastor. Dr. C. B. Wingerd. A
Home and a Foreign Missionary are supported by this church.
1911
The Prospect Street Presbyterian church of Ashtabula, Ohio,
of which Rev. M. A. Matheson is pastor, received eighty new mem-
bers during the year ending March 31, 1922.
Rev. M. F. Smith of Indianapolis is a member of the commit-
tee appointed by Dr. Hays to study Presbyterian finances.
1912
Rev. P. E. Burtt of the Wellsburg, W. Va., Church used daily
newspaper advertising to good advantage in preparation for the
Easter services.
1913
Rev. John Connell is Associate Pastor of "Westminster Pres-
byterian Church, Minneapolis, Minn. His address is 1608 W. 25th
Street,
1913
Rev. A. S. Wilson, pastor of the Union City, Pa. Church, has
received a $200.00 increase in salary.
72 (288)
Alumniana
1913
At the First Presbyterian Church of Van Wert, Ohio, of which
Rev. G. A. Frantz is pastor, a musical service attended by Knights
Templar was a recent feature.
Rev. O. Scott McFarland is doing splendid service in the field
of religious education. He is available for addresses on communi-
ty religious education: his address is New Brighton, Pa.
1916
A stroke of_paralysis suffered some months ago, has incapa-
citated Rev. J. A. Doerr for his work, and the Belle Valley Church
has granted him a year's leave of absence.
The New Era Bible Class of the First Church of Girard, Pa.,
has published an interesting and attractive report of its work in
the year 1921. Rev. R. V. Gilbert is the teacher.
1917
Rev. A. R. Hickman is pastor of the Groton, South Dakota
Church, which recently celebrated the 39th anniversary of its or-
ganization.
Central Presbyterian Church of McKeesport, Pa., Rev. LeRoy
Lawther, pastor, had 142 accessions on Easter. More than 900 out
of a membersship of 1058 were present at the service.
1918
The home of IVlr. and Mrs. R. I. McConnell in Chiengmai, Siam,
was gladdened by the arrival on Jan. 30th of a daughter, Elizabeth
Ellen.
1919
Rev. D. E. Daniel has concluded a successful year in the Cone-
maugh Church. On Good Friday the Junior Choir rendered ex-
cellent service by, singing in twelve homes where there were aged
people.
Rev. and Mrs. D. A. Irwin, of the American Presbyterian Mis-
sion, Yihsien, Shantung, China, are the happy parents of a son,
Robert Prescott, who was born June 17th.
1921
Rev. Walter L. Moser, to whom the Fellowship was awarded
in 1921, has been granted a years' leave of absence by his Congre-
gation at Mars, Pa., and expects to spend a year in post graduate
study in Scotland. He and Mrs. Moser will sail late in August.
Mr. Galbraith of the senior class, will supply the pulpit at Mars
during their absence.
1922
On June 28 there occurred the marriage of Clifford E. Barbour
and Miss Laura Hathaway Nye Taber. Mr. and Mrs. Barbour are
now touring Europe, after which they will be in Edinburgh for a
year of study.
73 (289)
The Bidletin of the Western Theological Seminary
THE GRADUATING CLASS
Clifford Edward Barbour — University of Pittsburgh. Will spend a
year in post graduate study in the University of Edinburgh,
Scotland.
Archibald Ferguson Fulton — Oskaloosa College. Pastor, Belle
Vernon, Pa.
Lewis Arthur Galbraith — Park College. Pastor, Independence, Pa.
Elgie Leon Gibson — Grove City College.
Daniel Hamill, Jr. — Waynesburg College. Pastor, McKinley Park
Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Lyman N. Lenmon — Franklin College (Ohio). Pastor, Worthington
and Glade Run, Pa.
Ralph K. Merker — Carnegie Institute of Technology. Will pursue a
year of post-graduate study.
Walter Harold Millinger — Princeton University. Having been
awarded the Seminary Fellowship, Mr. Millinger will study
a year in Oxford University, England.
Basil A. Murray — Westminster College (Pa.). Pastor, Applyby
Manor and Crooked Creek Presbyterian Churches.
Samuel Galbraith Neal — Washington and Jefferson College. Pastor,
Elrama Presbyterian Church, Floreffe, Pa.
Roscoe Walter Porter — Muskingum College. Pastor, Arlington
Heights Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Emile Augustin Rivard — Amherst College. Will enter the Presby-
terian pastorate in Canada.
Paul Livingstone Warnshuis — Washington and Jefferson College.
Under appointement of Board of Home Missions in Spanish
Work, will study for six months in Mexico City and later take
up work in Sante Fe.
Jamps Wallace Willoughby — Wabash College. Under appointment
of the Board of Foreign Missions to West Persia. Will sail
August 26th.
POST GRADUATE STUDENT
David Lester Say — Western Theological Seminary. Pastor, Presby-
terian Church, Cross Creek, Pa.
FACULTY NOTES
Dr. and Mrs. Kelso expect to sail from Quebec July 5th., on a
tour of Europe and the Holy Land. They will spend two months
in England and France and will then proceed to Palestine and Egypt.
While in the Holy Land Dr. Kelso will make Jerusalem his head-
quarters and will serve as lecturer in the American School of
Archaeology.
Dr. Christie is spending the summer in Canada, his health
having improved sufficiently to permit the trip.
Dr. and Mrs. Breed, about the middle of June, started on an
automobile tour to the Pacific coast.
74 (290)
Alumniana
Through his expert knowledge of Roman Catholic theology.
Dr. Schaff, in the autumn of 1921, met an effort on the part of
the Roman Catholics of Pittsburgh to commend distinctive Roman
Catholic teaching to the public through advertisements inserted
in the Pittsburgh daily papers. Sixty-five different advertisements,
beginning with October 5th, sought to make plausible matters in
dispute between the Protestants and Roman Catholics since the
Reformation. They were passed upon by "a proficient in Catholic
theology," as Father Coakley stated in "America," and paid for
by two Catholic laymen of Pittsburgh. In view of the public in-
terest the advertisements elicited, Dr. Schaff inserted in the Pitts-
burgh Dispatch ten counter-statements based upon the New Testa-
ment and authoritative declarations of the Roman Catholic Church,
the expense being met by Protestant laymen through Dr. Maitland
Alexander. With the support of a Committee of Ministers from
the different churches of Pittsburgh, including two of the Directors
of the Seminary, Drs. Alexander and Hutchison, Prof. Schaff also
prepared a leaflet entitled, "Roman Catholic Advertisements and
the New Testament." The Leaflet contained a Preface by the Com-
mittee, and eight of the Roman Catholic advertisements with as
many counter-statements. Forty thousand copies were distributed
through the Methodist, United Presbyterian, and Presbyterian book
rooms of the city. After the type had been broken up, an order
came to the Presbyterian Book Store from Toronto for five thou-
sand copies. It has been stated that the Methodists have circulated
one hundred thousand copies of the Leaflet in Bohemia.
Dr. Farmer delivered the Commencement address at Washing-
ton and Jefferson College in June.
Grove City College conferred the degree of Doctor of Litera-
ture on Prof. Sleeth at the last commencement.
75 (291)
I
The Bulletin of the Western Theological Semi/nary
The Elliott Lectures
It is a pleasure to announce the publication, by the
Princeton University Press, of the Elliott Lectures for
1916, written by the late Pres. Alexander T. Ormond,
Ph.D., LL.D., of Grove City College. The sudden death
of Dr. Ormond occurred before the date set for the de-
livery of the lectures, and they were read in the Semi-
nary chapel by Prof. R. F. Calder, Dr. Ormond 's col-
league in Grrove City College. They have now been pub-
lished by Dr. Ormond's children, under the title ^'The
Philosophy of Religion", with a Foreword by former
President Woodrow Wilson, and an Introduction by Dr.
James A. Kelso. A full review of this notable contribu-
tion to modern religious thought will appear in a future
number of the Bulletin.
Centennial Celebration
At the annual meeting of the Board of Directors,
held May 4, 1922, a Committee on Centennial Celebra-
tion made the following recommendations, which were
adopted :
(1) That the date of the celebration of the Centen-
nial be set in the year 1927, as the work of the Seminary
was commenced in 1827, and that the precise date be
left for later determination.
(2) That, in order to have an appropriate celebra-
tion of this occasion, a history of the Seminary be pre-
pared, a Biographica] Catalogue be published, and a
Memorial Volume with essays by members of the facul-
ty and graduates be published.
(3) That the Committee be asked to be continued
so as to develop these plans for the Centennial celebra-
tion, and make reports of the same from time to time.
(4) That the Centennial celebration be made pro-
minent in the Bulletin by frequent notices concerning im-
portant events in the history of the institution.
76 (292)
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