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^nl^aologital |nstitett of %mam.
BULLETIN
OF THE
SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES
AT ATHENS.
REPORT OF JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE. Ph.D.,
^TOltssat in J^aibarli HHnibenitg,
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature at
THE School in 1S93-94.
CAMBRIDGE:
JOHN WILSON AND SON.
Snilitnits ^css.
1895.
418322
«> • • fc
• r •
• • t
• t
' •
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES
AT ATHENS.
Msnagins Cotntnittte.
1893-94.
Thomas Day Seymour {Chairman), Yale University, New Haven,
Conn.
Charles D. Adams, Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H.
H. M. Baird, University of the City of New York, New York City.
I. T. Beckwith, Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.
Miss A. C. Chapin, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.
Mar'hn L. D*Ooge, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Henry Drisler, Columbia College, 48 West 46th St., New York City.
O. M. Fernald, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.
Abraham L. Fuller, Adelbert College of Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Henry Gibbons, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Basil L. Gildersleeve, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
William W. Goodwin, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
William G. Hale, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
Albert Harkness, Brown University, Providence, R. I.
William A. Lamberton, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Miss Abby Leach, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Seth Low {ex officio: President of the Archaeological Institute of
America), Columbia College, New York City.
*Thomas W. Ludlow {Secretary) , Cottage Lawn, Yonkers, N. Y.
Mrs. Elizabeth S. Mead, Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass.
t Augustus C. Merrlvm, Columbia College, New York City.
* Died April 17, 1894. t Died January 19, 1895.
4 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
Charles Eliot Norton, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Bernadoti'E Perrin {Chairman of Committee on Publications)^ Yale
University, New Haven, Conn.
Frederic J. ue Pevster {Treasurer), 7 East 42d St., New York City.
WiLLL^tf Carey Poland, Brown University, 9 Lloyd St., Providence,
R. I.
RuFUS B. Richardson {ex officio : Director of the School), Athens,
Greece.
William M. Sloane, College of New Jersey, Princeton, N. J.
Herbert Weir Smyth, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.
J. R. SiTLiNGTON Sterrett, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.
Frank B. Tarbell, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
FiTZ Gerald Tisdall, College of the City of New York, New York City.
James C. Van Benschoten, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.
Charles Waldstein {ex officio : Professor in the School), University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
William R. Ware, School of Mines, Columbia College, New York City.
Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
James R. Wheeler, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt.
John Williams White, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
BULLETIN IV.
Co-operating Colleges.
ADELBERT COLLEGE OF WESTERN MT. HOLYOKE COLLEGE.
RESERVE UNIVERSITY. TRINITY COLLEGE.
AMHERST COLLEGE. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
BROWN UNIVERSITY. UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW
BRYN MAWR COLLEGE. YORK.
COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.
COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
COLUMBIA COLLEGE. UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY. VASSAR COLLEGE.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. WELLESLEY COLLEGE.
HARVARD UNIVERSITY. WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. WILLIAMS COLLEGE.
YALE UNIVERSITY.
^cudteest of ti^e £c|^ooL
Charles Eliot Norton {President)
William W. Goodwin {Secretary),
Gardiner M. Lane {Treasurer).
Martin Brimmer.
Henry Drisler.
Basil L. Gildersleeve.
*Edward J. Lowell.
Henry G. Marquand.
Frederic J. de Peyster.
Henry C. Potter.
Thomas Day Seymour.
William M. Sloane.
John Williams White.
* Died, 1894.
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES
AT ATHENS.
189a-94.
Jacultg.
RUFUS BYAM RICHARDSON, Ph. D.,
Director of the School.
CHARLES WALDSTEIN, Ph. D., Litt. D., L H. D.,
Professor of the History of Art.
JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, Ph. D.,
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature,
£tut)ient0.
John Alden, A. B., Harvard University, 1893, Portland, Maine.
Edward Capps, A. B., Illinois College, 1887 ; Ph. D., Yale University,
189 1 ; Associate Professor of Greek in the University of Chicago.
Mrs. Adele F. Dare, A. B., Christian University of Missouri, 1875,
Telluride, San Miguel Co., Colo.
Oscar Bennetf Fallis, A. B., University of Kentucky, 1891, Stu-
dent at the University of Munich.
Otis Shepard Hill, A. B., Harvard University, 1893, Lancaster,
Kentucky.
Joseph Clark Hoppin, A. B., Harvard University, 1893, Student at
the University of Munich.
Richard Norton, A. B., Harvard University, 1892, Student at the
University of Munich.
Richard Parsons, A. B., Ohio Wesleyan University, 1868; A.M.,
Ohio Wesleyan University, 1871 ; Professor of Greek in the Ohio
Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio.
Charles Peabody, A. B., University of Pennsylvania, 1889 ; Ph. D.,
Harvard University, 1893 ; Philadelphia, Pa.
Edward E. Phillips, A. B., Harvard University, 1878; Ph. D., Har-
vard University, 1880 ; Professor of Greek in Marietta College,
Marietta, Ohio.
Miss Kate L Strong, A. B., Vassar College, 1892, Rochester,
N.Y.
Miss Florence S. Tuckerman, A. B., Smith College, 1884, New
South Lyme, Ohio.
REPORT OF THE PROFESSOR OF THE
• GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. '"
To the Managing Committee
of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens : —
Ladies and Gentlemen, — I had the good fortune
to be a Professor in the American School of Clas-
sical Studies at Athens during the year 1893-94, and
should naturally now render to you an account of my
year's service. My work at Athens, however, was
not such as to require a special report. All that it
is necessary to say in regard to it has already been
adequately said by my colleague, the Director of the
School, in his Report for the year.
But I am glad to avail myself of this opportunity
to address the Committee in another way, and, at the
close of my year's residence at Athens in official con-
nection with the School, to pass rapidly in review the
first twelve years of its history, and to report to you
briefly my present impressions about it. Such a re-
view will, perhaps, come not inappropriately from one
who had the honor to hold the chairmanship of this
Committee during the years 1881-87. My purpose in
thus reviewing the history and considering the present
condition of the School is, first, briefly to state the facts
8 AM^filCAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
which s.e.em\to me to justify our confidence in its pres-
ent Qrg'limzation and management ; and, secondly, to
mSjke certain practical suggestions for changes which
. *. :"9i^ppear to be feasible, and by which I believe it would
'*;\*be strengthened.
Our undertaking has undoubtedly been successful.
The facts seem to me to justify no little enthusiasm.
The Managing Committee has received for its
yearly expenses, mainly from annual subscriptions, in
these twelve years, $66,044.53 (including $5,000
which was contributed by the Archaeological Institute
of America to the excavations at the Heraeum); it has
secured a permanent endowment of over $50,000;
and it now owns real estate in Athens of the esti-
mated value of $35,000.
During these twelve years there have been thirteen
different Directors and Professors at the American
School, representing ten Universities and Colleges
at home. We have had in attendance sixty different
students. These students received their first degrees
in thirty-one different American institutions of learn-
ing; thirty-eight of them have received higher degrees,
twenty-six the degree of Doctor of Philosophy con-
ferred at seven Universities in America and five in
Europe. Forty-nine of them are or have been teach-
ers, thirty with the rank of Professor, in forty-two in-
stitutions of learning in twenty-three different States
of the Union and in the District of Columbia. Can it
not soberly and truthfully be said that the American
BULLETIN IV. 9
School IS already exerting a powerful and widely ex-
tended influence on the higher education in America ?
Besides these students, other Americans also, resident
or travelling in Greece, who were not regular mem-
bers of the School, have had free access to its privi-
leges, and have become a means of spreading its good
influences.
Again, the School has been productive. We have
published five stout volumes of " Papers," not now
to name the Reports and Bulletins of the School,
and other writings of its officers and students result-
ing from their residence in Greece which have ap-
peared elsewhere than in its official publications.
Some of these papers are of signal merit and impor-
tance, and have had distinguished recognition abroad.
Further, the School has conducted unusually suc-
cessful excavations. In the spring of 1886 we put
our first spade into the ground. Professor Allen,
then the Director of the School, had, with keen in-
sight, concluded that the small provincial theatre at
Thoricus might have escaped serious reconstruction,
and that, in view of the " Stage " question, which was
then beginning to be hotly discussed, it was a mat-
ter of more than merely archaeological interest to ex-
amine it. This is one of the most important theatres
that have been unearthed, since it is the oldest of the
Greek theatres which the excavations of the past fif-
teen years have brought to light. The excavations at
Thoricus were the first of a brilliant series conducted
lO AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
by our School ; they were followed by those at Sicyon,
Icaria, Stamata, Anthedon, Thisbe, Plataea, Eretria,
Sparta, and finally at the Heraeum. The important
results of these excavations are well known, and need
not be restated here.
The American School is the creation of the Archae-
ological Institute of America. At the annual meet-
ing of the Institute, held in the spring of 1881, its
President, Professor C. E. Norton, proposed that a
Committee should be appointed to form a plan for the
creation at Athens of " an American School of Clas-
sical Literature, Art, and Antiquities." This was a
courageous and far-sighted proposal ; but the belief
of the President of the Institute that the time had
come when such a School should be founded has
been justified.
The Committee was wisely given full powers. Under
its Constitution, it has control of the income of the
School, determines its own membership, and makes its
own regulations for the government of the School.
These powers have never been questioned by the In-
stitute, which has not only thus shown its confidence
in us, but has also strengthened our hands by contri-
butions of material aid to our publications, and espe-
cially to our excavations. I wish myself that the bond
between the Institute and the School were still closer.
When this Committee (then consisting of five
members) held its first meeting, on June 22, 1881, it
was confronted by a serious question : Should it wait
BULLETIN IV. 1 1
for a permanent endowment before it opened the
School, or open it at once with a temporary and less
elaborate organization ? You know the plan that was
adopted. That seems to me now, looking back over
the intervening years, to have been a very wise de-
cision. We then founded in fact a National School,
not in the sense in which the French Ecole d'Atfienes
and the German Archaologisches Institut in Athen are
National Schools, but in effecting an organization
which put our School under the charge of many
higher institutions of learning, and made it their rep-
resentative at Athens. The Universities and Colleges
that now support or that have supported the School
number twenty-six. This Committee has a thoroughly
representative membership. Each of the twenty-six
Universities and Colleges, except one, has had repre-
sentation on it ; its members have numbered forty-six,
resident in fourteen different States of the Union.
One feature of our original organization we have
happily eliminated. We adopted at first the plan of
an annual change in the directorship. This was not
the best arrangement, but it was necessary. The
Managing Committee intended from the beginning
that the School should ultimately be under the direc-
tion of a permanent head, as are the other foreign
Archaeological Schools at Athens. The plan origin-
ally adopted was maintained for six years. In 1888
Dr. Charles Waldstein took charge of the School, and
remained at its head for four years. With him was
(
12 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
associated each year an annual Director. The School,
under this arrangement, won increased confidence at
home and recognition abroad. But, unfortunately,
Dr. Waldstein, owing to his engagements in England,
was able to reside at Athens only three months in
each year. The final step was taken by the Committee
in 1892, when the School was put in charge of a per-
manent officer, elected for five years, who was to be
resident at Athens during the entire school-year.
This permanent Director, whose residence is continu-
ous, is aided in his work of instruction by Professors
on annual appointment. The care of a house, the
charge of students, social obligations, — these and
other necessary demands on the Director always
proved to be serious distractions to the man who
came to Athens as an actual or comparative stranger,
and had only an eight months' term; but they are
not a serious disturbance to the man who has an
unbroken residence there of five years. After a
year's experience he deals with these domestic prob-
lems with ease. More importantly, this long term of
continuous residence gives the Director those oppor-
tunities for study and research without which he
cannot make himself the peer of the Directors of the
other Schools established in Athens. I cannot for-
bear to add, that the wisdom of the plan finally adopted
is already amply confirmed by the present able direc-
tion of the School by Dr. Richardson, now in his
third year of residence at Athens.
BULLETIN IV. 1 3
To continue the annual Director in the person of
the annual " Professor " was undoubtedly wise. To
go to Athens for a year, in official connection with
the School, but free from all responsibility for its
practical management, affords opportunities for gen-
eral or special studies that will be prized by Professors
of Greek in this country. I see no good reason
why this position should not be held by a lady, and
we cannot but hope that before long some lady will
accept it. The distinguished work done at Athens by
two Englishwomen proves how fit such an appoint-
ment would be ; and their presence there has recon-
ciled the foreigners to what at first seemed to them
an anomaly, — a lady who actually knew Greek ar-
chaeology ! Nor is there good reason why we should
not have two annual Professors going out from this
country in the same year. We have at present a Pro-
fessorship of Art and a Professorship of Greek. The
latter might be subdivided without loss to the incum-
bent, and with gain for the School.
Our regulations for the management of the School
have remained practically unchanged from the begin-
ning. In my opinion, they now need serious revision.
Two of them (ix., xiii.) have practically become a dead
letter; one of them (vii.) has been too loosely enforced ;
another (vi.) needs to be stated in more definite
terms ; an important question to which another ex-
isting regulation (x.) refers ought to have careful
consideration; and, finally, I believe that the time
14 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
has come when we should take the step which we
have long wished to take, and found fellowships.
With your permission, I shall briefly speak to these
questions. In doing this, I shall make frequent ref-
erence to the French and German Schools. These
Schools are older than ours, and from their founda-
tion have had government support. Further, the
systematic pursuit of the science of Classical Ar-
chaeology had been followed, with fruitful results, both
in France and in Germany, long before it obtained
foothold in America, where indeed it is just now,
under the fostering influence of the Archaeological
Institute, establishing itself. Nevertheless, I believe
that our School is now in such position that, while
not sacrificing its other objects, it should consciously
direct its efforts to becoming, in the special field of
Classical Archaeology, a co-worker with its older
sisters.
We call our School the American School of Clas-
sical Studies at Athens, not the American School of
Classical Archaeology; and we state broadly in our
first regulation that its object is to furnish graduates
of American Colleges an opportunity to study Classical
Literature, Art, and Antiquities in Athens. We had
in mind, and we ought always to have in mind,
the men and women who either are actually teachers
of Greek or intend to become such, who wish to study
in Greece, but purpose, when this is done, to devote
themselves specially, not to Classical Archaeology,
•BULLETIN IV. 1 5
but to Greek. The facts prove that we were wise in
not narrowing the purpose of the School. Of its
sixty students, thirty have been Professors, but only
two of them are Professors of Classical Archaeology.
Twenty-one have been Professors of Greek.
An important part of our purpose, then, was to
furnish opportunities for study to teachers of Greek ;
but we surely did not mean to exclude special stu-
dents of Classical Archaeology. Our undoubted inten-
tion was to provide adequate training also for teachers
of this branch of knowledge. Experience shows that
study at Athens should be mainly archaeological. But
such study serves a double purpose : it may either be
made an introduction to the further pursuit of the
subject by the specialist, or simply secure to the
student an invaluable addition to his equipment as
a teacher of Greek.
The French School at Athens, which was founded
in 1846, "a ete instituee," to use the official phrase-
ology, "pour perfectionner Tetude de la langue, de
Thistoire et des antiquites grecques." Its purpose, as
thus broadly stated, seems to be strikingly similar to
our own ; but in fact the work which the French stu-
dents do at Athens is highly specialized, and is of a
very advanced character. Two are chosen in France
each year. The examination is competitive and is
both written and oral. It covers the Greek language,
ancient and modern, the elements of epigraphy, palae-
ography, and archaeology, and, further, the history
1 6 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
and geography of ancient Greece and Italy. The
ability to draw is counted to the candidate's credit.
The candidate must already be a "docteur es lettres,"
or an " agrege des lettres, de grammaire, de philoso-
phie ou d'histoire." It is proposed, further, to estab-
lish the requisition that such docteur or agrege^ when
admitted into the School, shall pass a year of pre-
paratory archaeological study at Paris before he goes
to Athens.
The stipendiaries of the Imperial German Archae-
ological Institute in Athens, popularly called the Ger-
man School, "pursue,'' says Michaelis, "under the
direction of the secretaries, courses of study, with prac-
tical work, in archaeology, epigraphy, and topography."
" Moreover," he adds, " they make their entrance,
under the guidance of the secretaries, into the sys-
tem of archaeological work as a whole ; and it is grati-
fying to see how zealously and how skilfully the young
men, in addition to their own studies, undertake, now
the cataloguing of a collection, now the promotion of
one of the great publications, now a small excavation,
now the exploration of unknown places or of insuf-
ficiently known ruins." The four stipendiaries are
chosen by the Central Direction of the Institute at
Berlin, and are always, in fact, men who have previ-
ously made a special study of Classical Archaeology.
This marks the first important existing difference
between these Schools and our own : their students
are specially instructed in archaeology before they
BULLETIN IV, 1 7
come to Athens, and they continue its study after
they get there as trained specialists.
Again, the students of the two other Schools re-
ceive stipends, those of the French School each 4,000
francs, those of the German 3,000 marks. The for-
mer are chosen for three years, the latter for one, but
frequently the German students receive the appoint-
ment for a second year. Among the first stipendi-
aries, Weil, von Duhn, Furtwangler, Milchhofer, von
Rohden, and Loeschcke all held the appointment for
two years. The French students number six yearly,
the German four.
We have purposed from the beginning to found
fellowships. In the Committee's first report two
plans were proposed : first, that fellowships should be
offered by the Colleges ; secondly, that they should
be founded by the Archaeological Institute. These
recommendations have often been renewed. Partial
response has been made to the first appeal ; none as
yet to the second. The Soldiers' Memorial Fellow-
ship at Yale University, with an annual income of
$600, — which is bestowed by preference on the can-
didate who has shown special proficiency in Greek,
and may be held for five years, — permits the incum-
bent to "spend a part or the whole of the time of his
incumbency in Athens, in connection with the Ameri-
can School of Classical Studies, instead of in New
Haven." Five students of our School have held this
fellowship, and three of these have remained at
1 8 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
Athens a second year, which is a significant fact
The holder also of the Scott Hurtt Fellowship at
Yale University, established in 1893 with a founda-
tion of ^12,000, has the privilege, under conditions,
" of prosecuting his studies at any foreign university,
or at the American School of Classical Studies at
Athens." This fellowship has not yet been bestowed
on a student of our School.
No fellowships established in American colleges,
except these two, name the American School at
Athens. But other college fellowships have been
held by students of our' School. Three of the travel-
ling fellowships of Harvard University have been so
assigned of the yearly value respectively of $550,
$700, and $750. One student of the School has held
a fellowship of Columbia College, of the value of $500 ;
but it should be noted that the incumbent of this
fellowship is no longer permitted to reside abroad.
Two fellowships, also, of the Union Theological Semi-
nary, each of the value of $600, have been held by
students of our School Further, the Elisha Jones
Classical Fellowship of the University of Michigan, of
the value of $500, has twice been held by our stu-
dents ; and, finally, another student has held a fellow-
ship bestowed by the Woman's Education Association
of Boston.
This is encouraging; but, so far as I know, no one
of these incumbents of college fellowships had been
previously fitted for special archaeological study in
BULLETIN IV. 1 9
any way comparable to that in which the French and
German students are trained, nor is any one of them
now devoting himself specially to that subject. In
only three instances has the fellowship been held a
second year, in no. case a third. Further, our Com-
mittee has absolutely no control over these college
fellowships. In addition to these, the School greatly
needs other fellowships, to be conferred by the Com-
mittee, to be tenable for two or three years, and in-
tended to promote the special and advanced pursuit of
Classical Archaeology and the allied subjects.
I suggest that the Archaeological Institute be in-
vited to join the School in founding two or three fel-
lowships, each of the annual value of ^600, to be
assigned by competitive examination, and to be ten*
able for two or three years. The subjects on which
the candidate would be examined should be duly
announced beforehand, and examinations might be
held simultaneously at different places in this country
and in Europe.
The Professor of the Greek Language and Litera-
ture at the School in 1892-93, Professor J. R. Wheeler,
soundly urged in his report that the Committee should
endeavor to secure provision in American colleges for
the systematic instruction of students who wish to turn
their studies in the direction of Classical Archaeology.
It is obvious what a powerful influence the foundation
of such fellowships as I have proposed would exert in
accomplishing this. Their foundation would thus in
20 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT A THENS.
two ways promote the pursuit of a subject which has
been neglected among us, and which we desire to
further: the elements of the science would be sys-
tematically taught in colleges here, and the subject
would be pursued at Athens by trained men who
were making it their special study. Only in some
such way as this shall we make our School what it is
not in fact at this moment, the equal of the French
and German Schools.
The provision of means is not difficult. The School
had an income in 1893-94 of nearly $8,000; and the
annual dues of the Institute that year amounted to
about the same sum. Could either the Institute or the
School devote a part of its resources to a worthier ob-
ject than this? It would be wise to reduce our other
expenditures, if necessary, in order to obtain the
means for establishing fellowships. These are now
more important for us than excavations or publica-
tions. Besides the two Professorships of Archaeology
mentioned above, there are in this country at the pres-
ent time four others: Associate Professorships of
Classical Archaeology at Cornell and the University of
California, and Professorships of Classical Archaeology
and Greek Epigraphy at Columbia and the Univer-
sity of Chicago. The last two are held by former
Directors of our School. All six professorships have
been established since the foundation of the School.
Other such professorships will certainly be established
in American colleges. It is the duty of the School
BULLETIN IK 21
to train men and women who shall be competent to
hold them.
I now pass to the brief consideration of other im-
portant questions.
The work to be done by students at the School
should, in my opinion, be more exactly determined,
and should be stated in more definite terms. This is
now possible, since the permanent directorship has
been fully established. The work done heretofore has
unavoidably varied considerably from year to year,
and has not always been as substantial as it may now
be made.
A young American who goes to Europe for the
first time for purposes of study falls upon difficulties ;
he does not easily find his feet. Athens, in particular,
is a distracting place, where the days slip by quickly.
We ought to guard our students against failing (with
the best possible intentions) to accomplish the purpose
for which they go out to Athens, and should provide
for them the same sort of steadying influence which
is furnished by the regular organization of work in
the universities. Many of our students are able and
well trained, but they have been trained in classical
philology, and have but slight knowledge of the special
subjects which experience shows it is best for them
to pursue at Athens. An examination of the list of
the sixty students who have been at the School shows
that only very few of them had had even preparatory
training in Greek Archaeology at the time when they
became members of it.
22 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
Our sixth regulation calls for "regular courses of
instruction." Would it not be well for the present
Director of the School and a special committee, to be
appointed by this board, to state definitely in print
what these courses are, and how they are pursued?
It is the universal practice of universities in this coun-
try to arrange and publish their courses of study, not
only for undergraduates, but also for graduates. Fre-
quently they add to this in a separate pamphlet a
detailed description of each course. If this practice
were established in our School, it would give greater
method and coherence to its instruction, and would
furnish both those who are and those who intend to
be students a basis for intelligent election of studies.
It is true that neither in the French School nor in
the German Institute is there a definite printed state-
ment of courses to be pursued; nevertheless, well-
defined advanced courses are given each year by the
Secretaries of the Institute, and there is a rumor
that they are to be established in the Ecole Fran9aise.
Ten years ago there was no such provision in the
German School as at present for the systematic study
of the museums, monuments, and topography of
Athens. The Institute has been distinctly working
in the direction of more exact and definite instruction.-
In determining our own policy, two facts must not be
forgotten : first, that both the French and the German
students have rigorous prescribed preparatory training
in Classical Archaeology and the allied subjects before
BULLETIN IV. 23
they come to Athens; and secondly, that there is
provision in only very few of the many universities
and colleges in the United States for such training,
and that this is at the best scanty. Under these cir-
cumstances, it seems to me to be almost the duty of
the School clearly to outline definite courses of study,
not only for the benefit of its own students, but also
with the purpose of aiding in the establishment of the
study of the science of Classical Archaeology in our
own institutions of learning at home.
Such a definite published statement of courses
would undoubtedly promote powerfully the establish-
ment in the colleges of this country of such courses
in Classical Archaeology as can be profitably given
here. Meanwhile it would also be of service to men
and women who intend to become students of our
School, but are so situated as not to be able to avail
themselves of the instruction of any university that
has already established such courses. It would show
them what is to be done, and instruct them as to
methods and books, and thus encourage them to pur-
sue at least the more elementary subjects at home, and
thereby fit themselves for a more profitable use of their
time in Greece. The publication of courses of study,
further, would give the Committee convenient oppor-
tunity to advise students intending to join the School
more definitely in regard to their general preparation.
A student at Athens is seriously handicapped who can-
not read French and German, and understand these
24 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
languages when he hears them spoken ; it is a clear
saving of time to have learnt the elements of Modern
Greek before he goes to Greece ; he should be well
read in Greek political history and geography ; and, in
general, much reading can be done with profit before-
hand at home. The more advanced the students
preparation, the more profitable will be his sojourn
in Greece, and the higher the grade of work done at
the School.
To formulate a statement of these courses would
not be difficult. We have twelve years' experience to
guide us, and the practice of the other Schools. The
list should include the elements of Greek archaeology ;
the more advanced study of Greek architecture, sculp-
ture, and vases; the elements of Greek epigraphy;
the more advanced study of epigraphy; the topog-
raphy and monuments of Athens; and the study of
noted sites and monuments elsewhere in Greece.
To what extent and in what manner other instruc-
tion should be offered is a question. At least one sec-
tion of the general subject of Greek antiquities should
be presented. The study of Old Greek Life from the
monuments, in the actual presence of the monuments
themselves in which Athens abounds, is both inspir-
ing and profitable. I do not believe that it is wise
for our students to devote much of the limited time
which they commonly have in Greece to the reading
of classical authors, however attractive that may be
in itself. Study in Greece should be mainly objec-
BULLETIN IV. 25
tive. A valuable composite course in reading might
be arranged of those parts of the ancient authors that
are a practical commentary on existing monuments
and places. The systematic study, further, of the
literary and epigraphical sources of our knowledge,
especially in topography, is of the first importance, —
more 1:han ever at this time, when, under the powerful
influence of the First Secretary of the German Insti-
tute, so many questions, particularly in the topography
of ancient Athens, are again brought under discussion.
The evidence furnished by the literature and by in-
scriptions in the settlement of these questions must
not be neglected; it is often difficult to deal with.
Here the Professor of the Greek Language and Lit-
erature has a special and useful function.
I hope not to be misunderstood in proposing that
we shall give definite form to the prescription of our
sixth regulation. I believe that it would be wise to
formulate a clear statement both of the courses of
instruction that have already been open to our students
which we regard it desirable to maintain, and of the
other courses which we think it well to establish, and
to publish this annually, with such modifications from
year to year as experience suggests, in the Reports of
the Managing Committee. I do not mean that all
these courses should be given at the School in any
one year, nor that all the instruction offered should
be given by officers of our own School. I would not
impose undue restrictions on students, nor make hard
26 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
and fast prescriptions for the Director and Professors.
Certain courses would necessarily be given every year ;
the selection of others would be determined by the
needs of students. If courses in epigraphy, in archi-
tecture, in topography, and the like, given by officers
of the other Schools, are open to the members of our
School, we should gratefully avail ourselves of the
opportunities thus offered and reciprocate the favor.
Students at Athens should not be hampered by* re-
strictions ; but, after all, they are there for a definite
purpose, — the acquisition of knowledge. It will
hardly be denied that they need systematic instruction
as much as students elsewhere. The more they ad-
vance in knowledge, the more will their instruction at
Athens, as elsewhere, take the form of advice and
direction. But the Director of our School, if due re-
gard is paid to the actual preparation of our students,
cannot be simply a director. He and his colleagues
should exercise as definite and effective a function as
teachers as any professor of classical archaeology else-
where. I see no good reason why courses in Greek
archaeology should not be given and pursued as sys-
tematically in Athens as at any University in Northern
Europe, nor why, if this is done, we should hesitate to
state in print how they are conducted. I cannot but
believe that such a statement would guard students
against waste of time through misdirection of effort,
would make the instruction offered more effective, and
would promote the study of classical archaeology in
BULLETIN IV. 27
the United States. It will be observed that some
statement of courses will have to be made if we estab-
lish fellowships and award them by examination.
Our ninth regulation requires each member of the
School to present a thesis embodying the results of
some important part of his year's work. This regu-
lation was enforced during the first year, but has little
by little fallen into abeyance. Some students have
presented papers which have been of sufficient value
to warrant their publication; others, whose interests
were general, or who have not thought themselves
qualified, have not devoted themselves to the pur-
suit of any definite subject of study or research, as
demanded by the regulation, and consequently have
not presented a thesis embodying the results of any
investigation. This is as it should be, for experi-
ence shows that the regulation as it stands is a pro-
crustean contrivance that ignores differences among
the students in training and disposition. Beginners
should not be required to select and pursue some
single subject of research under the obligation to write
a paper about it that might be thought worthy of pub-
lication. They will, of course, have training of this
sort, in simple form, in their work in the courses,
under the Director and Professors, — short written
reports on objects whose study is within their range.
But advanced students, those really capable of con-
ducting an independent investigation, should be re-
quired to do the work and present the thesis called
28 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
for by the regulation. The regulation itself needs
revision.
Our thirteenth regulation has become a dead letter.
No student of the School in recent years has received
a duly signed certificate stating the work accorhplished
by him. The chief cause of this, no doubt, is the dis-
position of students to shorten their term of residence
at Athens. The most of them have failed to com-
plete the year of study demanded by the regulation.
But this is in itself an evil, and the certificate should
be revived. It would be a valuable document if the
possessor were a candidate for a teacher's position;
and, if the course of study at the School should be
systematized and the statement of the certificate were
explicit, it would doubtless be accepted by American
universities from candidates for a higher degree as
satisfactory evidence of the accomplishment of a full
years work.
Our School has conducted important excavations,
and some of our students have had a useful part in
these. Students may, however, misconceive their own
relations to the excavations of the School, and may
attach to them undue importance in comparison with
the other work done at Athens. A student in the
French or German School, if he is permitted to take
part in an excavation, understands that he engages
in the undertaking by grace, not by right. That
every member of the School should have the opportu-
nity to study the practical processes of an excavation
BULLETIN IV. 29
is desirable ; but the ordinary student is not the best
person to take charge of day laborers, nor is this the
most profitable use of his time. He may thus frus-
trate the main purpose for which he came to Greece.
If he thereby misses the chance to cross Peloponnesus
or to sail among the Islands, he loses much more than
he gains. Excavation is hard and generally dull work.
Real interest centres in the study of its results;
but this cannot be made to advantage while the ex-
cavation is in progress, and it calls for trained men.
The truth of these statements is illustrated by the
actual practice of the French and German Schools.
The excavations conducted at Athens last winter by
the First Secretary of the German School were in
charge of a Greek overseer who has been in his
employ for many years, and has long since learnt
all the tricks of his wily countrymen. The German
students turned up often, like the rest of us, to see
how things were getting on. When the First Secre-
tary went to Troy in April to conduct a four months'
campaign there, a single student went with him. In
May, I found only one student of the French School
with the Director at Delphi. Meanwhile life was
taking its ordinary course at the Ecole Fran9aise at
Athens. The other students were serenely pursuing
each his own work. They were, of course, keenly
interested in the great excavations at Delphi, and
they kept themselves well informed about them; but
their presence there during those long, hot, and toil-
30 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
some days was regarded as neither necessary to the
success of the enterprise nor profitable for them.
We should, then, in my opinion, establish a clear
understanding that the excavations undertaken by
our Director from time to time, by the request and
at the expense of the Institute or Committee, are
not part of the regular work of the students at the
School. We cannot but hope that the remarkable
excavation at the Heraeum is to be followed by
others as noteworthy. But such an excavation is
an expensive and laborious undertaking; it is not
a picnic, but a serious scientific enterprise, whose
main purpose must be to enlarge the bounds of
knowledge, not to train tyros in the practical art of
digging. The Director should feel perfectly free
to choose his own assistants; he would naturally
select those of the greatest experience and fitness;
to the other members of the School he would doubt-
less be able to extend the hospitalities of his camp
for a time sufficient to enable them to learn by
observation how such an undertaking is conducted.
There is still another subject that demands our
serious consideration, the length of residence of
students at the American School. We have a tol-
erably stiff regulation, but it is generally ignored.
Our seventh regulation reads as follows : " The
School year shall extend from the ist of October
to the 1st of June. Members shall prosecute their
studies during the whole of this time in Greek lands,
BULLETIN IV. 3 1
under the supervision of the Director. The studies
of the remaining four months necessary to complete
a full year (the shortest time for which a certificate is
given) may be carried on in Greece or elsewhere, as
the student prefers."
Many of our students come to Greece later than
the first of October, and almost without exception
they leave before the first of June. This practice
seems to indicate that too slight an estimate is set
by many of them on the value of the opportunities
offered by residence in Greece at the School, an
estimate which we are bound to correct.
This practice is in striking contrast to that of
students in the other Schools. A member of the
French School leaves France on the first of October,
spends three months in Italy, and then reports to
his Director at Athens, under whose charge he
remains continuously for the following two years
and nine months, except during two months in the
second summer, when hie is allowed a vacation.
The year of the student in the German School
includes two summers. He generally spends part
of this time in Italy. The student in the French
or German School regards the summer as a time
for work. The Schools are open, and their libraries
are in use. The student may spend the summer
at work in Athens, or in travel with a special
purpose, or in the study of a particular site or
monument in Greece or Asia Minor, or at the
32 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
excavation conducted by the School, or in himself
conducting a smaller excavation that has been in-
trusted to him. When, last June, I asked one of
the students at the German School, who had already
received an appointment as teacher at home, when
he should return to Germany, he replied, with an
earnestness that showed what estimate he set on
the value of his opportunities, " Not until the latest
possible moment." He spent his summer in investi-
gating localities in Greece that he thought might
prove to have been sites of Mycenaean settlement.
It may be best for students of the American School
to spend their first summer in the museums of North-
ern Europe. But if they intend to do work in Greece
creditable to the School and really profitable to them-
selves, they should report at Athens by the first of
October, and should remain in Greece until their
return to America. At the present time, many of
them shorten the term of their residence in Greece
in order to attend some German University during
the summer semester. In order to accomplish this,
they must go north in April. They thus leave
Athens at the time when they are best prepared by
previous residence to profit by study in Greece. They
should be urged to remain and finish their year's work.
To spend the summer in Greece is not dangerous
for one who has become acclimated, and the discom-
forts of a summer's residence there are not worthy of
consideration by one whose purpose is serious.
BULLETIN IV. 33
To effect the changes that I have suggested would
not be difficult. The foundation of fellowships to
be administered by the Committee, on the tenure of
which we should necessarily impose conditions, would
make these reforms easy, or rather would demand
them. These fellowships would inevitably raise the
standard of work done at the School, and in particular
would furnish an effective means of creating a proper
sentiment among all our students in regard to the
value of the opportunities offered by residence at
the School.
JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE.
November 15, 1894.
BULLETIN IV, 35
Cfjatrmen of tfje iWanasfng Cammfttee*
Elected. Resigned.
1881. JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, of Harvard University, 1887.
1887. THOMAS DAY SEYMOUR, of Yale University.
iWanaiffns CTommtttee*
188 1. John Williams White, of Harvard University
( Chairman),
Charles Eliot Norton, of Harvard University
[ex officio^ as President of the Archaeological In-
stitute, until 1890, and then by election).
E. W. Gurney, of Harvard University. 1883.
Albert Harkness, of Brown University.
♦Thomas W. Ludlow, Yonkers, N. Y., *i894.
♦Francis W. Palfrey, Boston, Mass., *i889.
Frederic J. de Peyster, New York City.
1882. Henry Drisler, of Columbia College.
Basil L. Gildersleeve, of Johns Hopkins University.
♦Lewis R. Packard, of Yale College, *i884.
WiLUAM M. Sloane, of the College of New jersey.
William S. Tyler, of Amherst College, 1888.
James C. Van Benschoten, of Wesleyan University.
1883. Martin L. D'Ooge, of Michigan University.
William W. Goodwin, of Harvard University.
1884. Thomas Day Seymour, of Yale University.
*JoHN H. Wheeler, of the LTniversity of Virginia, 1885.
1885. Francis Brown, of Union Theological Seminary, 1893.
William Gardner Hale, of Cornell University
(since 1892, of the University of Chicago).
William R. Ware, of Columbia College.
Augustus C. Merriam, of Columbia College.
1886. O. M. Fernald, of Williams College.
I. T. Beckwith, of Trinity College.
36 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
Elected. Resigned.
1886. FitzGerald Tisdall, of the College of the City of
New York.
Miss Alice E. Freeman, of Wellesley College, 1887.
H. M. Baird, of the University of the City of New
York.
1887. A. F. Fleet, of the University of Missouri, 1890.
William Pepper, of the University of Pennsylvania, 1889.
Miss A. C. Chapin, of Wellesley College.
1888. *Richard H. Mather, of Amherst College, *i890.
Miss Abby Leach, of Vassar College.
Charles Waldstein, of Cambridge University (ex
officio : Director of the School).
1889. Bernadoite Perrin, of Adelbert College of West-
ern Reserve University (since 1893, of Yale
University) .
William A. Lamberton, of the University of Penn-
sylvania.
1890. Henry Gibbons, of Amherst College (since 1894,
of the University of Pennsylvania).
Seth Low, of Columbia College {ex officio : President
of the Archaeological Institute).
189 1. RuFus B. Richardson, of Dartmouth College (since
1893, Director of the School).
James R. Wheeler, of the University of Vermont.
Mrs. Elizabeth S. Mead, of Mt. Holyoke College.
1892. Benjamin Ide Wheeler, of Cornell University.
William Carey Poland, of Brown University.
1893. Charles D. Adams, of Dartmouth College.
Abraham L. Fuller, of Adelbert College of West-
em Reserve University.
Herbert Weir Smyth, of Bryn Mawr College.
J. R. SiTLiNGTON Sterrett, of Amhcrst College.
Frank B. Tarbell, of the University of Chicago.
Secretaries of tfte iHanagmg Sommittee*
1882. '^Thomas W. Ludlow, Yonkers, N. Y., *i894.
1894. James R. Wheeler, of the University of Vermont.
BULLETIN IV. Z7
^Treasurer of tfie P^anaiftng Cotntntttee.
Elected. Resigned.
1882. F. J. DE Peyster, New York City.
Cfiatrmen of ti^e Commfttee on Publtcattons*
1885. William W. Goodwin, of Harvard University, 1888.
1888. Augustus C. Merrum, of Columbia College, i893«
1893. BERNADorrE Perrin, of Yale University.
38
AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
Birectton of ti^e Sctjool.
1882-1883.
Director : William Watson Goodwin, Ph. D., LL. D., D.C.L., Eliot
Professor of Greek Literature in Harvard University.
1883-1884.
Director : Lewis R. Packard, Ph. D., Hillhouse Professor of Greek
in Yale University. (Died Oct. 26, 1884.)
Secretary : J. R. Sitlincton Sterreti', Ph. D., Professor of Greek
in Amherst College.
1884-1885.
Director: James Cooke Van Benschoten, LL. D., Seney Professor
of the Greek Language and Literature in Wesleyan University.
1885-1886.
Director : Frederic De Forest Allen, Ph. D., Professor of Classical
Philology in Harvard University.
1886-1887.
Director : Martin L. D'Ooge, Ph. D., LL. D., Professor of Greek in
the University of Michigan.
1887-188a
Director : Augustus C. Merriam, Ph. D., Professor of Greek Archae-
ology and Epigraphy in Columbia College. (Died Jan. 19, 1895.)
1888-1889.
Director : Charles Waldstein, Ph. D., Litt. D., L. H. D., Reader in
Archaeology in the University of Cambridge, England.
Annual Director : Frank Bigelow Tarbell, Ph. D., Professor of
Greek Art and Epigraphy in the University of Chicago.
1889-1890.
Director: Charles Waldstein, Ph.D., Litt. D., L. H. D.
Annual Director : S. Stanhope Orris, Ph.D., L. H. D., Ewing Pro-
fessor of the Greek Language and Literature in the College of
New Jersey.
BULLETIN IV. 39
1890-1891.
Director : Charles Waldstein, Ph. D., Litt D., L. H. D.
Annual Director : Rufus Byam Richardson, Ph. D., (Professor of
Greek in Dartmouth College), Director of the School.
1891-1892.
Director : Charles Waldstein, Ph. D., Litt. D., L. H. D.
Annual Director : William Carey Poland, M. A., Professor of the
History of Art in Brown University.
1892-1893.
Secretary: Frank Bigelow Tarbell, Ph.D.
ProfessorofArt: Charles Waldstein, Ph.D., Litt. D., L. H. D.
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature : James R. Wheeler,
Ph. D., Professor of Greek in the University of Vermont.
1893-1894.
Director: Rufus Byam Richardson, Ph. D.
Professor of Art : Charles Waldstein, Ph. D., Litt. D., L. H. D.
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature : John Willums
WnrrE, Ph. D., Professor of Greek in Harvard University.
1894-1895.
Director : Rufus Byam Richardson, Ph. D.
Professor of Art: Charles Waldstein, Ph. D., Litt. D., L. H. D.
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature : Thomas Dwight
GooDELL, Ph. D., Professor of Greek in Yale University.
Architect: Edward L. Tilton.
40 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
StutJente, 1882-94. f
JOHN ALDEN (1893-94), A. B. (Harvard University, 1893),
Portland, Maine.
LOUIS BEVIER (1882-83),$ A. B. (1878) and A. M. (Rutgers College), Ph. D. (Johns Hopkins
University, 1881),
Professor of Greek in Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.
WALTER RAY BRIDGMAN (1883-84), A. B. (Yale College, 1881), Soldiers' Memorial Fel-
low of Yale College,
Professor of Greek in Lake Forest University, Lake Forest, 111.
CARLETON LEWIS BROWNSON (1890-92), A. B. (Yale College, 1887), Soldiers' Memorial
Fellow of Yale College,
Tutor in Greek, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
CARL DARLING BUCK (1887-89), A. B. (Yale College, 1886), Ph. D. (Yale University, 1889),
Soldiers* Memorial Fellow of Yale College,
Associate Professor of Comparative Philology in the University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
Miss MARY HYDE BUCKINGHAM (1892-93), Harvard Society for the Collegiate Instruction
of Women, 1890 ; Newnham Classical Scholar, 1891 ; Foreign Fellow of the Woman's Education
Association of Boston, 1892-93.
loi Pinckney Street, Boston, Mass.
EDWARD CAPPS (1893-94), A. B. (Illinois College, 1887), Ph. D. (Yale University, 1891),
Associate Professor of Greek in the University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
N. E. CROSBY (1886-87), A. B. (Columbia College, 1883), A M. (Columbia College, 1885),
Ph. D. (Princeton, 1893),
Instructor in the College of New Jersey, Princeton, N. J.
•JOHN M. CROW (1882-83), A. B. (Waynesbury College), Ph. D. (Syracuse University),
Professor of Greek in Iowa College, Grinnell, Iowa. Died Sept. 28, 1890.
WILLIAM LEE GUSHING (1885-87). A, B. (Yale College, 1872), A. M. (Yale College,
1882),
Head Master of the Westminster School, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.
Mrs. ADELE F. DARE (1893-94), t A. B. (Christian University of Missouri, 1875),
Telluride, San Miguel Co., Colo.
HERBERT FLETCHER DE COU (1891-92), A. B. (University of Michigan, 1888), A.M.
(University of Michigan, 1890), Elisha Jones Fellow of the University of Michigan,
Instructor in Greek and Sanskrit in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
JOHN EDWARD DINSMORE (1892-93). A. B. (Bowdoin College, 1883),
Principal of Lincoln Academy, New Castle, Me.
MORTIMER LAMSON EARLE (1887-88), A. B. (Columbia College, 1886), A. M. (Columbia
College, 1887), Ph. D. (Columbia College, 1889),
Instructor in Greek, Barnard College, New York City.
t The year of residence at the School is placed in a parenthesis af^er the name.
X Not present during the entire year.
BULLETIN IV, 41
THOMAS H. ECKFELDT (1884-85), A. B. (Wesleyan University, 1881),
Principal of the Friends' School, New Bedford, Mass.
OSCAR BENNETT FALLIS (1893-94), A. B. (University of Kentucky, 1891),
Student at the University of Munich.
A. F. FLEET (1887-88), A. M., LL.D ,
Superintendent of the Missouri Military Academy, Mexico, Mo.
ANDREW FOSSUM (1890-91), A. B. (Luther College, 1882), Ph. D. (Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity, 1887),
Professor of Greek in St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minn.
HAROLD NORTH FOWLER (1882-83), A. B. (Harvard University, 1880), Ph. D. (University
of Bonn, 1885),
Professor of Greek in the Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
JOHN WESLEY GILBERT (1890-91), A. B. (Brown University, 1888), A. M. (Brown Univer-
sity, 1891),
Professor of Greek in the Payne Institute, Augusta, Ga.
HENRY T. HILDRETH (1885-86), A. B. (Harvard University, 1885), Parker Fellow of Har-
vard University,
10 Remington Street, Cambridge, Mass.
OTIS SHEPARD HILL (1893-94), A. B. (Harvard University, 1893),
Lancaster, Ky.
JOSEPH CLARK HOPPIN (1893-94), A. B. (Harvard University, 1893),
Student at the University of Munich-
•W. IRVING HUNT (1889-90), A. B. (Yale College, 1886), Ph. D. (Yale University, 1892),
Soldiers' Memorial Fellow of Yale College,
Tutor in Greek, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Died Aug. 25, 1893.
GEORGE BENJAMIN HUSSEY (1887-88),! A. B. (Columbia College, 1884), Ph. D (Johns
Hopkins University, 1887),
Docent in the University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
FRANCIS DEMETRIUS KALOPOTHAKES (1888-89), A. B. (Harvard University, 1888),
Ph. D. (Berlin University, 1893),
'Y<^TjyT7TTj5 Tov naveiTioTTiiiJiiov, Athens, Greece.
♦JOSEPH McKEEN LEWIS (1885-87), A. B. (Yale College, 1883), Soldiers' Memorial Fel-
low of Yale College.
Died April 29, 1887.
GONZALEZ LODGE (1888-89),* A. B. (Johns Hopkins University, 1883), Ph. D. (Johns Hop-
kins University, 1886),
Associate Professor of Latin in Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.
ALBERT MORTON LYTHGOE (1892-93), A. B, (Harvard University, 1892),
Almy Street, Providence, R. I.
CLARENCE LINTON MEADER (1892-93), A. B. (University of Michigan, 1891), Elisha
Jones Fellow of the University of Michigan,
Instructor in Latin in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
FREDERIC ELDER METZGER (1891-92), A. B. (Pennsylvania College, 1888),
No. 119 North Potomac Street, Hagerstown, Md.
WALTER MILLER (1885-86), A. B. (University of Michigan, 1884), A. M. (University of
Michigan), Ph. D. (Leipzig),
Professor of Archseology in the Leland Stanford Junior University, Palo Alto, Cal.
42 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS,
WILLIAM J. McMURTRY (1886-87), A. B. (Olivet CoHege, 1881), A. M. (University of
Michigan, 1882),
Professor of Greek in Yankton College, Yanktoa, South Dakota.
BARKER NEW HALL (1891^92), A. B. (Haverford CoUege, 1887), A. M. (Haverford College*
1890), Ph. D. (Johns Hopkins University, 1891),
Instructor in Greek, Brown University, Providence, R. I.
Miss EMILY NORCROSS (1888-89), A. B. (Wellesley CoU<«e, 1880), A. M. (Wellesley Col-
lege, 1884),
Assistant in Latin, Smith College^ Northampton, Mass.
RICHARD NORTON (1892-94), A. B. (Harvard University, 1892),
Student at the University of Munich.
RICHARD PARSONS (1893-94), A. B. (Ohio Wesleyan University, i368), A. M. (Ohio Wes-
leyan University, 1871),
Professor in Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio.
JAMES MORTON PATON (1892-93), A. B. (Harvard University, 1884), Ph. D. (University
of Bonn, 1894), Rogers Fellow ol Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass.
CHARLES PEABODY, A. B. (University of Pennsylvania, 1889), Ph. D. (Harvard University,
1893),
" The Brunswick," Boston, Mass.
Miss ANNIE S. PECK (1885-86), A. B. (University of Michigan, 1878), A. M. (University of
Michigan, 1881),
No. 865 North Main Street, Providence, R. I.
EDWARD E. PHILLIPS, A. B. (Harvard University, 1878), Ph. D. (Harvard University, 1880),
Professor of Greek in Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio.
JOHN PICK ARD (1890-91), A. B. (Dartmouth College, 1883), A. M. (Dartmouth College, 1886),
Ph. D. (University of Munich, 1892),
Professor of Archaeology in the University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.
Rbv. DANIEL QUINN (1887-89), A. B. (Mt. St. Mary's College), Ph. D. (University of
Athens, 1893),
Professor of Greek in the Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C.
JOHN CAREW ROLFE (1888-89), A. B. (Harvard University, 1881), A. M. (Cornell Univer-
sity, 1884), Ph. D. (Cornell University, 1885),
Professor of Latin in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
WILLIAM J. SEELYE (1886-87), A. B. (Amherst College, 1879), A. M. (Amherst College,
1882),
Professor of Greek in Wooster University, Wooster, Ohio.
JOHN P. SHELLEY (1889-90), A. B. (Findlay University, 1889),
Professor in Grove College, Grove City, Pa.
PAUL SHOREY (1882-83), A. B. (Harvard University, 1878), Ph. D. (University of Munich,
1884),
Professor of Greek in the University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
Miss EMILY E. SLATER (1888-89), A. B. (Wellesley College, 1888),
Professor of Greek in Mt Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass.
J. R. SITLINGTON STERRETT (1882-83), Ph. D. (University of Munich, 1880),
Professor of Greek in Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.
BULLETIN IV. 43
Miss KATE L. STRONG (1893-94)1 A. B. (Vassar College, 1892), t
Rochester, N. Y.
FRANKLIN H. TAYLOR (1882-83), A. B. (Wesleyan University),
Instructor in St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H.
OLIVER JOS. THATCHER (1887-88), A. B. (Wilmington College, 1878), B. D. (Union Theo-
logical Seminary, 1885),
University Extension Associate Professor of History in the University of Chicago.
5^ B. P. TROWBRIDGE (1886-88), A. B. (Trinity College, 1883), Ph. B. (Columbia College,
Aicbitect, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City.
Miss FLORBIICE S. TUCKERMAN (1893-94)* A. B. (Smith College, 1886X X
New South Lyme, Ohio.
HENRY STEPHEiro WASHINGTON (i888-94),1: A. B. (Yale College, x886), A. M. (Yale
University, 1888), Ph. D. (Leipzig, 1893),
Locust P. 0., Monmouth CO'i N. J.
JAMES R. WHEELER (1882-83X A- B. (University of Vermont, 1880), Ph. D. (Harvard
University, 1885),
Professor of Greek in the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt.
ALEXANDER M. WILCOX {1883-84), A. R (Yale College, 1877), Ph. D. (Yale College,
1880),
Professor of Greek in the University of Kansas, Lmnrence, Kan.
FRANK E. WOODRUFF (1882-83),^ A. B. (University of Vermont, 1875), B. D (Union
Theological Seminary, 1881),
Professor of Greek in Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me.
THEODORE L. WRIGHT (1886-87), A. B. (Beloit CoUege, 1880), A. M. (Harvard University,
1884).
Professor of Greek in Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin.
CLARENCE HOFFMAN YOUNG (1891-92), A. B. (Columbia College, 1888X A. M. (Co*
lumbia College, 1889), Ph. D. (Columbia College, 1891),
Instructor in Greek, Columbia College, New York City.
44 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL
STUDIES AT ATHENS.
1895.
The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, founded by
the Archaeological Institute of America in 1881, and supported by
the co-operation of leading American Universities and Colleges, was
opened October 2, 1882. During the first five years of its existence
it occupied a hired house on the *08os 'A/AaXox? in Athens, near the
ruins of the Olympieum. A large and convenient building was then
erected as a permanent home for the School, by the gifts of its friends
in the United States, on a piece of land, granted by the generous
liberality of the government of Greece, on the southeastern slope of
Mount Lycabettus, adjoining the ground already occupied by the
British School of Archaeology. This building contains the apart-
ments to be occupied by the Director and his family, and a large
room which is used as a library and also as a general reading room
and place of meeting for the whole School. A few rooms in the
house are intended for the use of students, and are assigned by the
Director, under such regulations as he may establish, to as many mem-
bers of the School as they will accommodate. Each student admitted
to the privilege of a room in the house is expected to undertake the
performance of some service to the School, to be determined by the
Director.
The Library now contains more than 2,000 volumes, exclusive of
sets of periodicals. It includes a complete set of the Greek classics
and the most necessary books of reference for philological, archaeologi-
cal, and architectural study in Greece.
The address of the Chairman of the Managing Committee is Pro-
fessor Thomas Day Seymour, New Haven, Conn, that of the Secre-
tary is Professor James R. Wheeler, Columbia College, New York
City; that of the Treasurer, Gardiner M. Lane, Esq., 44 State
Street, Boston, Mass.
BULLETIN IV. 45
REGULATIONS OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF
CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS.
OCTOBER, 1894.
1. The object of the American School of Classical Studies is to
furnish an opportunity to study Classical Literature, Art, and Antiqui-
ties in Athens, under suitable guidance, to graduates of American
Colleges and to other qualified students; to prosecute and to aid
original research in these subjects ; and to co-operate with the Archae-
ological Institute of America, so far as it may be able, in conducting
the exploration and excavation of classic sites.
II. The School shall be in charge of a Managing Committee.
This Committee, originally appointed by the Archaeological Institute,
shall disburse the annual income of the School, and shall have power
to add to its membership and to make such regulations for the gov-
ernment of the School as it may deem proper. The President of the
Archaeological Institute and the Director and Professors of the School
shall be ex officio members of the Committee.
III. The Managing Committee shall meet semiannually, — in New
York on the third Friday in November, and in Boston on the third
Friday in May. Special meetings may be called at any time by the
Chairman.
IV. The Chairman of the Committee shall be the official repre-
sentative of the interests of the School in America. He shall present
a Report annually to the Archaeological Institute concerning the affairs
of the School.
V. I. The School shall be under the superintendence of a Direc-
tor. The Director shall be chosen and his salary shall be fixed by the
Managing Committee. The term for which he is chosen shall be five
years. The Committee shall place him in charge of the School build-
ing at Athens.
2. Each year the Committee shall appoint from the instructors of
the Colleges uniting in the support of the School one or more Profes-
sors, who shall reside in Athens during the ensuing year and co-operate
in the conduct of the School. In case of the illness or absence of
i
46 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS,
the Director, the senior Professor shall act as Director for the time
being.
VI. The Director shall superintend personally the work of each
member of the School, advising him in what direction to turn his
studies, and assisting him in their prosecution. With the assistance
of the Professors, he shall conduct regular courses of instruction, and
hold meetings of the members of the School at stated times for
consultation and discussion. He shall make a full Report annually
to the Managing Committee of the work accomplished by the
School.
VII. The School year shall extend from the ist of October to the
ist of June. Members shall prosecute their studies during the whole
of this time in Greek lands, under the supervision of the Director.
The studies of the remaining four months necessary to complete a full
year (the shortest term for which a certificate is given) may be carried
on in Greece or elsewhere, as the student prefers.
VIII. Bachelors of Arts of co-operating Colleges, and all Bachelors
of Arts who have studied at one of these Colleges as candidates for a
higher degree, shall be admitted to membership in the School on pre-
senting to the Committee a certificate from the classical department
of the College at which they have last studied, stating that they
are competent to pursue an independent course of study at Athens
under the advice of the Director. All other persons who desire
to become members of the School must make application to the
Committee. Members of the School are subject to no charge for
tuition. The Committee reserves the right to modify the conditions
of membership.
IX. Every member of the School must pursue some definite sub-
ject of study or research in Classical Literature, Art, or Antiquities,
and must present a paper embodying the results of some important
part of his year's work. These papers, if approved by the Director,
shall be sent to the Publishing Committee, in accordance with the
provisions of Regulation XII. If approved by the Publishing Com-
mittee also, the paper shall be issued in the Papers of the School.
X. All work of excavation, of investigation, or of any other kind
done by any student in connection with the School, shall be regarded
as done for the School and by the School, and shall be under the
supervision and control of the Director.
BULLETIN IV,
47
XI. No communications^ even of an informal nature, shall be
made by students of the School to the public press, which have not
previously been submitted to the Director, and authorized by him.
XII.i I. All manuscripts, drawings, or photographs intended for
publication in the Papers of the School, after approval by the Director,
shall be sent to the Chairman of the Publishing Committee, which
shall be a standing sub-committee of two members of the Managing
Committee.
2. Every article sent for publication must be written on compara-
tively light paper of uniform size, with a margin of at least two inches
on the left of each page. The writing must be clear and distinct,
particularly in the quotations and references. Especial care must be
taken in writing Greek, that the printer may not confound similar
letters, and the accents must be placed strictly above the proper
vowels, as in printing. All quotations and references must be care-
fully verified by the author, after the aiticle is completed, by com-
parison with the original sources.
3. At least two careful squeezes of every inscription discovered by
the School shall be taken as soon as possible ; of these one shall be
sent at once to the Chairman of the Committee on Publications, the
other shall be deposited in the Library of the School.
XIII. When any member of the School has completed one or
more full years of study, the results of which have been approved by
the Director, he shall receive a certificate stating the work accom-
plished by him, signed by the Director of the School, the President
of the Archaeological Institute, and the Chairman and the Secretary
of the Managing Committee.
XIV. American students resident or travelling in Greece who are
not regular members of the School may, at the discretion of the Direc-
tor, be enrolled as special students, and enjoy the privileges of the
School.
1 Failure to comply with the provisions of Regulation XII. will be sufficient
ground for the rejection of any paper.
48
AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL
OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS.
1882-1895.
The Annual Reports of the Committee may be had gratis on application to
the Secretary of the Managing Committee. The other publications are for sale
by Messrs. Damrell, Upham, & Co., 283 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.
First, Second, and Third Annual Reports of the Managing Com-
mittee, 1881-84. PP- 30-
Fourth Annual Report of the Committee, 1884-85. pp. 30.
Fifth and Sixth Annual Reports of the Committee, 1885-87.
pp. 56.
Seventh Annual Report of the Committee, 1887-88, with the Re-
port of Professor D'Ooge (Director in 1886-87) and that of Professor
Merriam (Director in 1887-88). pp. 115.
Eighth Annual Report of the Committee, 1888-89, with the Re-
ports of the Director, Dr. Waldstein, and of the Annual Director,
Professor Tarbell. pp. 53.
Ninth Annual Report of the Committee, 1889-90, with the Reports
of the Director, Dr. Waldstein, and of the Annual Director, Professor
Orris, pp. 49.
Tenth Annual Report of the Committee, 1890-91, with the Reports
of the Director, Dr. Waldstein, and of the Annual Director, Professor
Richardson, pp. 47.
Eleventh Annual Report of the Committee, 1891-92, with the Re-
ports of the Director, Dr. Waldstein, and of the Annual Director, Pro-
fessor Poland, pp. 70.
Twelfth Annual Report of the Committee, 1892-93, with the Re-
ports of the Secretary, Professor Tarbell, of the Professor of Art,
Dr. Waldstein, and of the Professor of the Greek Language and Lit-
erature, Dr. James R. Wheeler, pp. 62.
Thirteenth Annual Report of the Committee, 1893-94, with the
Reports of the Director, Professor Richardson, and the Professor of
Art, Dr. Waldstein. pp. 84.
BULLETIN IV. 49
Bulletin I# . Report of Professor William W. Goodwin, Director of
the School in 1882-83. pp. 33. Price 25 cents.
Bulletin II. Memoir of Professor Lewis R. Packard, Director of
the School in 1883-84, with Resolutions of the Committee and the
Report for 1883-84. pp. 34. Price 25 cents.
Bulletin III. Excavations at the Heraion of Argos. By Dr.
Waldstein. 4to. pp. 20. 8 plates. Price $3.00.
Prehminary Report of an Archaeological Journey made in Asia
Minor during the Summer of 1884. By Dr. J. R. S. Sterrett. pp. 45.
Price 25 cents.
PAPERS OF THE SCHOOL.
Volume I. 1882-83. Published in 1885. Svo, pp. viii and 262.
Illustrated. Price $2.00.
Contents : —
1. Inscriptions of Assos, edited by J. R. S. Sterrett.
2. Inscriptions of Tralleis, edited by J. R. S. Sterrett.
3. The Theatre of Dionysus, by James R. Wheeler.
4. The Olympieion at Athens, by Louis Bevier.
5. The Erechtheion at Athens, by Harold N. Fowler.
6. The Battle of Salamis, by William W. Goodwin.
Volume II., 1883-84, containing Dr. J. R. S. Sterrett's Report of
his Journey in Asia Minor in 1884, with Inscriptions, and two new
Maps by Professor H. Kiepert. Published in 1888. 8vo, pp. 344.
Price $2.25.
Volume III., 1884-85, containing Dr. Sterrett's Report of the Wolfe
Expedition to Asia Minor in 1885, with Inscriptions, mostly hitherto
unpublished, and two new Maps by Professor Kiepert. Published in
1886. 8vo, pp. 448. Price $2.50.
Volume IV. 1885-86. Published in 1888. 8vo, pp. 277. Illus-
trated. Price $2,00,
Contents : —
1. The Theatre of Thoricus, Preliminary Report, by Walter Miller.
2. The Theatre of Thoricus, Supplementary Report, by William L. Gushing.
3. On Greek Versification in Inscriptions, by Frederic D. Allen.
4. The Athenian Pnyx, by John M. Crow ; with a Survey of the Pnyx and
Notes, by Joseph Thacher Clarke.
5. Notes on Attic Vocalism, by J. McKeen Lewis.
50 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
Volume V. 1887-91. Published in 1892. 8vo, pp. 314. With
41 Cuts, 6 Plans and Maps, and 18 Plates. Price I2.25.
Contents : —
1. Excavations at the Theatre of Sikyon. By W. J. McMurtry and M. L.
Earle.
2. Discoveries in the Attic Deme of Ikaria, 1888. By Carl D. Buck.
3. Greek Sculptured Crowns and Crown-Inscriptions. By George B
Hussey.
4. The newly discovered Head of Iris from the Frieze of the Parthenon.
Bv Charles Waldstein.
5. The Decrees of the Demotionidai. By F. B. Tarbell.
6. Report on Excavations near Stamata in Attica. By Charles Waldstein
and F. B. Tarbell.
7. Discoveries at Anthedon in 1889. By John C. Rolfe, C. D. Buck, and
F. B. Tarbell.
8. Discoveries at Thisbe in 1889. By J. C. Rolfe and F. B. Tarbell.
9. Discoveries at Plataia in 1889. By Charles Waldstein, F. B. Tarbell, and
J. C. Rolfe.
10. An Inscribed Tombstone from Boiotia. By J. C. Rolfe.
11. Discoveries at Plataia in 1890. By Charles Waldstein, Henry S. Washing-
ton, and W. I. Hunt.
12. The Mantineian Reliefs. By Charles Waldstein.
13. A Greek Fragment of the Edict of Diocletian, from Plataia. By Theodor
Mommsen.
14. Appendix. By A. C. Merriam.
BULLETIN IV.
51
CASTS.
The following plaster casts of objects found in the excavations of
the School may be had on application to Dr. Clarence H. Young,
Columbia College, New York City, at the affixed prices.
A. From the Argive Heraum,
1. Hera Head, with pedestal $5-oo
2. Warrior Head, with pedestal . 4.00
3. Amazon (?) Head, with pedestal 4.00
4. Male Torso 5.00
5. Female Torso 4.00
6. Sima Ornament with Birds 4.00
7. Two Lion Heads each 2.00
B. From Sculptures of Icaria,
1. Colossal Hand and Cantharus $2.50
Papers of American School at Athens, V. 1 14, Fig. 3 ; American
Journal of Archaeology, V. 466, Fig. 45.
2. Colossal Archaic Prosopon 3.CX)
Papers, V. iii. Fig. i ; A. J. A., V. 463, Fig. 43.
3. Relief, Apollo and Lyre (three figures) 3.00
Papers, Plate VII. i ; A. J. A., V., Plate XI. i.
4. Relief, Apollo, Artemis, Adorant 1.50
Papers, V., Plate VII. 3 ; A. J. A., V., Plate XL 3.
5. Relief (four figures), Eschara 1.50
Papers, V. 116, Fig. 5 ; A. J. A., V. 468, Fig. 47.
6. Relief, Ivy Wreath with Inscription 1.50
Papers, V. 105, No. 12 ; A. J. A., V. 316, No. 12.
7. Relief, Ornament of Large Vase 1.25
Papers, V. 67, Fig. 10; A. J. A., V. 178, Fig. 30.
8. Sepulchral Relief, Man with Staff 1.50
Papers, V., Plate VII. 2; A. J. A., V., Plate XL 2.
9. Relief, Seated Female 2.00
Papers, V., Plate VIII. ; A. J. A., V., Plate XIII.
52 AMERICAN SCHOOL AT ATHENS.
10. Relief, Figure with Legs crossed $i.oo
Papers, V. 121, Plate XIIL ; A. J. A , V. 473, Plate XIII.
11. Griffin Head 1.50
Papers, V. 124, Fig. 12 ; A. J. A., V. 476, Fig. 54.
12. Breast of Silenus 1.25
Papers, V. 122, Fig. 8; A. J. A., V. 474, Fig. 50.
13. Relief (Three Figures^ one side only) 3.00
Papers, V. 117, Fig. 6b ; A. J. A., V. 469, Fig. 48 B.
14. Companion to 13 (Three Figures) 5.00
Papers, V. 117, Fig. 6 a; A. J. A., V. 469, Fig. 48 A.
15. Archaic Warrior Relief 10.00
Papers, V., Plate IX. ; A. J. A., V., Plate I.
16. Torso of Satyr 5.00
Papers, V. 122, Fig. 7 ; A. J. A., V. 474, Fig. 49.
17. Archaic Female Torso (Stamata) 12.00
Papers, V., Plate XIII. ; A. J. A., V., Plate XII.
PHOTOGRAPHS.
The Eleventh Report of the School contains a list of 274 photo-
graphs of Greek sites and antiquities taken by Dr. Clarence H. Young,
a member of the School in 1891-92, copies of which can be obtained
from Dr. Young, Columbia College, New York City. Size A, 6 J X 8J
inches, 20 cents ; size B, 4 X 5 inches, 12 cents.
LANTERN SLIDES FOR STEREOPTICON.
The School is forming a collection of lantern slides (and has at
present about 300) for the illustration of Greek topography, archi-
tecture, art, and classical antiquities. These slides can be duplicated
at forty cents each. They will be lent at the rate of fiWQ cents a slide
if returned within a week from their receipt, and ten cents a slide if
retained more than one week and less than two weeks. All express
charges are to be paid by the borrower or purchaser.
Address Professor B. Perrin, 133 Farnam Hall, Yale College, New
Haven, Conn.
9622
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