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HARVARD UNIVERSITY
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BULLETINS
AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY
VOL. XXXIV
1952-1954
Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca, New York
WS. As
[ MUS. COMP. Z00L.
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HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
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CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXIV
Bulletin No. Plates Pages
140. Globigerinidae from the Upper Cretaceous (Ceno-
manian-Maestrichtian) of Trinidad, B.W.I.
Jeh\/ JEATOL ISVROVGRAWNOTER GIDL oo sssoccotnoonscdsassoneeaonsospcnenccaneneceee 1- 4 1- 70
141. Concerning Enopleura of the Upper Ordovician and
its Relation to ether Carpoid Echinodermata
Byemenneth ve Caster) 4s ee eee ee s.. 5- 8 71-126
142. New Ostracoda from the Middle Silurian Newsom
Shale of Tennessee
1EA7 1k Wie itor Gnas gs}, Diy WS OUU ol nsscwacnceenbassnne 9-10 127-148
143. Trinidad Paleocene and Lower Eocene Globiger-
inidae
By Paul Bronnimann .............. catered MORRO coe 11-13 149-182
144, Ordovician and Silurian Cephalopods from Tas-
mania
By Curt Teichert and Brian F. Glenister ........ 14-19 183-248
145. A Bibliography of the Conularida
By G. Winston Sinclair and Eugene S. Rich-
ATC SOD ADS 5c covets docce so vccctute Acaseask oe ene 249-391
1B O13 LS) RIPE SA ny a 392-400
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HARVARD
~UIVERSHTY
BULLETINS
ae AMERICAN
- PALEONTOLOCY
VOL, XXXIV
NUMBER 140
1952
Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca, New York
U.S.A.
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TURONIAN-
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I
CENOMANIAN | MAESTRICHTIAN
wee—= Additional unspecified localities
se Common - abundant
Globotruncana Globotruncana Globotruncana
lapparenti s.I. gansseri mayaroensis
Zone Zone
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Text fig. 1. Stratigraphic distribution of Globigerinidae of the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad.
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MUS. COMP. Z00L.
LIBRARY
UL 1 1952
HARVAQD
UNIVERSITY
BULLETINS
OF
AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
Vol. 34
No. 140
GLOBIGERINIDAE FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS
(CENOMANIAN-MAESTRICHTIAN) OF
TRINIDAD, B. W. I.
By
P. Bronnimann
June 9, 1952
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION
ITHACA, NEW YorK
Us, S27 Ae
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Hayeraya livers MS sOeacdase oo UU dhs dovlonnedvlas coud ued dacs ao bani mObDicone p 5
SMe GhETPIINGGN sooosssdcoosooccas sooo aobsodcbouddonoAODooD dc 6
SUE ACE eerie ae ee eet re eee ee Pai ona) sss ahsila)o labore onetees 6
STD Stitt Cem Rees Were apres eae Rea ol seer Pav Sgelcrenay a yaya. sre ayevattaerels 6
Si SIREN Ga LOUIS Nay apes ae eince sy ayesha ote eycrebare alo) sacle a) 2 =i avai ayahesr« 8
SUMGMeNe GeeemwOlN bc Sse eoded doouboecvoeowess code so oeaopManmodugoic II
[als rapa (richie | eae Sse eyorts 6 eres nbn MOIS enn Slaten cic clo chaulcis Oe omeraeta ccc 59
TRATES: SiS ee Nitta ore one 3 Ot cs eae apart Sean) -/nlnle. »'siatotciays 63
MUS. COMP. ZOOL.
LIBRARY
'JUL 1 195
HARVARD
UPEVER SITY
GLOBIGERINIDAE FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS
(CENOMANIAN-MAESTRICHTIAN) OF
TRINIDAD, B. W. I.
P. BRONNIMANN*
INTRODUCTION
In this paper an attempt is made to describe the more prominent
representatives of the Upper Cretaceous Globigerinidae of Trinidad.
Although the biostratigraphy of Trinidad’s Upper Cretaceous is
almost exclusively based on the life ranges of Globotruncanas (Bolli,
1951), it has, in the course of practical work, become increasingly
necessary to arrive at a more detailed knowledge of the composition
of the accompanying Globigerina assemblages. ‘This is all the more
justified because Globotruncanas are rare in the lower part of the
Upper Cretaceous. The Globotruncana zones can be recognized also,
in a general way, by the occurrence of Globigerinas, and, if found
practicable, the zonation could also be based on Globigerinas. The
introduction of improved metheds for the disintegration of siliceous
and otherwise indurated shales enabled the writer to obtain rich
assemblages of Globigerinas from a small but representative number
of surface and subsurface samples ranging in age from Cenomanian to
Maestrichtian. The large suites of specimens, being in general fairly
well preserved; permitted a rather detailed morphologic description
and taxonomic treatment. Umbilical cover-plates and depressed parts
of the tests are often concealed by unremovable parts of the country
rock.
The proposed systematic grouping of the Upper Cretaceous
Globigerinidae is based on the characteristics of the adult specimens.
A few subspecific definitions, however, also take early ontogenetic
features into account, as well as their changes in the course of the
individual development. Bioseries have not been established on the
basis of the present information, but some general remarks on the
possible genetic relationship of the various forms are offered. Future
evolutionary studies will have to be based to a large extent on the
detailed analysis of the life ranges of the individual species and sub-
species, and on embryogenetic investigations.
* Micropaleontologist, Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd., Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad,
BW:
6 BULLETIN 140 6
The holotypes of the new species and subspecies are deposited
in the Cushman Collection of the U. S. National Museum, Washing-
ton, D. C. Sets of topotypes will be deposited in the Museum of
Natural History, Basle, Switzerland, and in the Paleontological
Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. The original samples remain
in the possession of the Geological Laboratory of Trinidad Leaseholds
Ltd., at Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad, B. W. I.
The writer is indebted to the management of Trinidad Leaseholds
Ltd. for the use of the facilities of the Geological Laboratory; to Dr.
H. G. Kugler for reading the manuscript and for many valuable
suggestions; and to Dr. Bolli with whom the pertinent stratigraphic
points were discussed.
STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
The described Globigerinidae, as indicated below, originate from
four localities found in the Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, the
Globotruncana lapparenti, s.1. zone, and the Globotruncana apenninica
zone (Cenomanian-Maestrichtian, see biostratigraphic zonation, Text
fig. 1). The Maestrichtian Globotruncana gansseri zone is only
represented by unreliable or poorly preserved assemblages from out-
crops situated in the eastern Central Range and from subsurface
sections near Pointe-a-Pierre and in the Guayaguayare area.
SURFACE
1. Gautier formation, outcropping in the Gautier River, near
Chert Hill, Turure area, E. Central Range. Globotruncana apenninica
zone, Cenomanian or Cenomanian-Turonian.
SUBSURFACE
2. Guayaguayare beds, upper part, Guayaguayare area, S. E.
Trinidad. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Maestrichtian.
3. Dark, indurated non- to slightly calcareous shales, Morne
Diablo area, S. Trinidad. Sample near the base of the Globotruncana
lapparenti, s. 1. zone, ‘Turonian-Senonian.
4. Dark, indurated, calcareous shales, San Fernando area, S.
Trinidad. Sample in the lower part of the Globotruncana lapparenti
s. 1. zone, ‘uronian-Senonian.
The faunas from the above localities yielded the richest and best
preserved Upper Cretaceous Globigerina assemblages we were able to
obtain with the methods described by Layne (1950) and by Bolli
(1950) for the disintegration of indurated or siliceous shales. It can
be assumed that they are representative for the individual biostrati-
graphic zones. ‘The vertical distribution of the various species from
the four localities is recorded on the accompanying stratigraphic chart
(Text fig. 1) by thick lines. Thin lines refer to information from
rh TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 7
poorly preserved additional samples, which, as a rule, did not permit
more than a general determination (Rugoglobigerina rugosa group,
Rugoglobigerina macrocephalia group). The analysed material, how-
ever, is far from sufficient to determine the exact life ranges of the
individual species. Such a compilation will have to be based on a
large number of assemblages of known stratigraphic position.
The following remarks on the stratigraphic distribution may be
added:
a. The species found in the Globotruncana apenninica zone are
confined to this zone. They belong to the genera Globigerina,
(?)Globigerinella, and Hastigerinoides. Rugoglobigerinas and Glo-
bigerinellas of the Globigerinella escheri group are not known from
this zone, which, on the other hand, is characterized by the floodlike
predominance of Globigerina gautierensis and Globigerina cretacea.
It is of interest to note, that, apart from these two low trochoidal
Globigerina species, no indisputable Globigerina, s. s. were recognized
in the Trinidad Upper Cretaceous during the preparation of the
present paper.*
The clear faunistic break between the G. apenninica zone and
the overlying G. lapparenti, s. 1. zone, together with geologic evidence
from a subsurface section, suggests the presence of a stratigraphic
break at the base of the G. lapparenti, s. 1. zone.
b. The Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone, at least its lower
part, is characterized by common to abundant Globigerinellas of the
Globigerinella escheri group, and by the occurrence of the stellate
Hastigerinoides alexanderi. The representatives of / ugoglob‘gerina
are rare and usually badly preserved, permitting neither a species
nor a subspecies determination.
c. Poorly preserved assemblages of the Globotruncana gansseri
zone contain numerous Rugoglobigerinas and scarce Globigerinella
messinae messinae. A few specimens with affinities to Kugoglobigerina
reicheli hexacamerata and to Trinitella scotti were recorded.
d. The Globotruncana mayaroensis gone is typified by the
large group of abundant rugose Globigerinas, by frequent large
@iphieennelias and by the common occurrence of the peculiar genus
Trinitella. It appears that Plummerella is restricted to this zone,
whereas Rugoglobigerina and the Globigerinella messinae group are
already known from the Globotruncana lapparenti bulloides and
Globotruncana lapparenti tricarinata-bearing shales at the top of the
Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone. As regards the distribution of
the Globigerinidae, the Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone, the Glo-
* Information obtained after the completion of this paper has shown that
G. cretacea and allied forms occur also, though sparsely, in the Globo-
truncana lapparenti, s. l. zone.
8 BULLETIN 140 8
botruncana gansseri zone, and the Globotruncana mayaroensis zone
show a distinct faunistic relationship.
e. The genus Rugoglobigerina supplies a series of excellent index
fossils for the determination of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in
Trinidad. The same stratigraphic observation has been made in
Texas where, according to Mrs. Plummer (1926, p. 39), the orna-
mented globigerinid species of the Navarro group do not occur in any
of the Tertiary strata. ~-
f. The genus Globigerinella Cushman is commonly distributed
throughout the whole Upper Cretaceous with the exception of the
Globotruncana apenninica zone where it is only questionably recorded
(? Globigerinella tururensis). In the Globotruncana lapparenti, s. l.
zone, Globigerinellas are occasionally the only, or at least the pre-
dominant, pelagic Foraminifera and thus of special stratigraphic sig-
nificance. “Tromp’s observations on the occurrence of pelagic genera
in the Upper Cretaceous of the Near East (1949, p. 674), namely
that Globigerinella and Globigerina are almost equally represented in
the Uppermost Cretaceous as Globigerina (?rugose group), but that
Globigerinella is predominant in the Campanian of the Arabian facies,
are confirmed by the distribution of these genera in Trinidad. A very
similar distribution of Globigerinidae was observed by Nauss (1947)
in the late Cretaceous Lloydminster and Lea Park shales of the
Vermilion area, Alberta, inasmuch as the abundant calcareous faunas
of the Lea Park shales contain only Globigerinella aspera (Ehrenberg)
besides Globigerina cf. cretacea dOrbigny. This assemblage occurs
above the floods of Globigerina loetterlei and G. cretacea of the
Lloydminster shale.
SYSTEMATIC GROUPING
Generic rank is given to the large group of strongly ornamented
Globigerinas which reaches its acme in the Maestrichtian Globo-
truncana mayaroensis zone. ‘The new genus Rugoglobigerina, geno-
tvpe Globigerina rugosa Plummer 19206, is distinguished from ali other
Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary Globigerinas with depressed trochoidal
tests by the marked and regularly arranged ornamentation and by the
presence of an umbilical cover-plate in most of its species. “To judge
from the drawing of the umbilical side of R. rugosa rugosa (Plum-
mer) (Plummer, 1926, pl. 2, fig. rod) the cover-plate 1s pierced by
accessory openings, thus resembling that of the following Cenomanian
Globotruncanas: Ticinella Reichel (Reichel, 1949, pl. 16, fig. 1) and
Thalmanninella Sigal (Reichel, pl. 16, figs. 2, 3). Due to the gen-
erally very poor preservation of the delicate umbilical features in the
Trinidad material, however, it was not possible to clarify the structure
of the umbilical cover-plate and to compare it with that of Globo-
?runcana.
9 TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 9
The rugose Globigerinas were first reported by Mrs. Plummer
from the upper Navarro clay of Texas (1926, pp. 38-39, pl. 2, fig.
10) where Rugoglobigerina rugosa rugosa (Plummer) is the most
frequent species of this large ornamented group. Although certain
Midwayan species, such as Globigerina pseudo-bulloides Plummer and
G. compressa Plummer (1926, pl. 8, figs. 9, 11), have a similar low
tiochoidal test, the absence of the strong, regularly arranged rugosities
and of the umbilical cover-plate render them easily distinguishable
from the Upper Cretaceous forms. ‘This is also true for not yet
described, small (average diameter 0.3 mm.), low trochoidal Paleo-
cene Globigerinas from Trinidad which have a coarsely spinose and
regularly ornamented surface.
The new subgenus Plummerella of the genus Rugoglobigerina
comprises a small number of stellate and semi-stellate species, com-
monly co-existing with Rugoglobigerina proper. ‘The assignment
of Plummerella as subgenus to Rugoglobigerina is tentative. It is based
on the fact that Plummerella possesses much the same rugose orna-
mentation as typical Rugoglobigerina and in addition shows transitions
from the hantkeninoid to the Globigerina-like test.
It is noteworthy that no umbilical plate was observed in Plum-
merella, although the umbilical features of the more progressed and
stronger trochoidal subspecies inflata suggest the presence of a cover-
plate. Further investigations of this peculiar stellate and ornamented
group, especially embryogenetic studies, may result in elevating Plum-
merella to generic rank.
At present the following subgenera and species are included in
Rugoglobigerina:
Rugoglobigerina n. gen.
Rugoglobigerina, s. s. n. subgen.
reicheli reicheli n. sp., n. subsp.
. reicheli pustulata n. sp., n. subsp.
reicheli hexacamerata n. sp., n. subsp.
macrocephala macrocephala n. sp., n. subsp.
macrocephala ornata n. sp., n. subsp.
. rugosa rugosa (Plummer) 1926
. rugosa pennyi n. sp., n. subsp.
. rugosa rotundata Nn. sp., n. n. subsp.
Pinninerelia n. subgen.
P. hantkeninoides hantkeninoides n. sp., n. subsp.
P. hantkeninoides costata n. sp., n. subsp.
P. hantkeninoides inflata n. sp., n. subsp.
The new genus Trinitella exhibits morphologic features related
to Rugoglobigerina, s. s. (early portion of test) and to Globotruncana,
s. 1. (single-keeled end chambers and overlapping chambers of last
volution). Trinitella is monotypic and represented by:
T. scotti n. sp.
7 po Pe po eo
«
10 BULLETIN 140 , 10
Low trochoidal, weakly ornamented species of the Globotruncana
apenninica zone are referred with reservation to the genus Globigerina
d’Orbigny. Two species are recognized:
G. gautierensis n. sp.
G. cretacea d’Orbigny 1840
which are both equally common in the dark calcareous shales of the
Gautier formation.
The genus Globigerinella comprises the following species:
G. messinae messinae n. sp., n. subsp.
G. messinae subcarinata n. sp., n. subsp.
G. escheri escheri (Kaufmann) 1865
G. escheri clavata n. subsp.
(?) G. tururensis n. sp.
Rather scarce, small, stellate and planispiral Hastigerinella-like
species of the lower part of the Globotruncana lapparenti, s. I. zone
and of the Globotruncana apenninica zone are separated from the
genus Hastigerinella Cushman 1927 by the obvious difference in the
shape of the adult chambers. They are referred to the new subgenus
Hastigerinoides, which at present contains the following species:
Hi. alexanderi (Cushman) 1931
H.. rohri-n. sp.
PHYLOGENETIC REMARKS
The present compilation includes only the more important Upper
Cretaceous globigerinid species and does not claim to be complete.
The more detailed faunistic investigation of Upper Cretaceous sed-
iments and the application of yet better methods of disintegration of
hard rocks will undoubtedly supply many more new, or in Trinidad
not yet recorded, pelagic species. It is therefore considered to be
premature to make an attempt at a phylogenetic grouping of the
present incomplete inventory of globigerinid forms. Only the follow-
ing very general statements are offered:
a. Rugoglobigerina, s. s. is the predominant group of the Maes-
trichtian zones. Although small globigerinid forms of the Trinidad
Paleocene resemble in the depressed trochoidal test the Upper Creta-
ceous Rugoglobigerinas, the Paleocene and the Upper Cretaceous
species are not considered to be related. At the present stage of
investigation, however, the possibility that Paleocene forms might be
related with Upper Cretaceous Rugoglobigerinas cannot be ruled out
completely.
b. Plummerella and Trinitella become extinct at the close of
the Cretaceous at least as far as Trinidad is concerned. They can
not be regarded as possible ancestors of the morphologically different
Tertiary Globigerinas.
IJ TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN II
c. Globigerinella, which is often the predominant globigerinid
genus, apparently does not essentially differ in its Cretaceous and
Tertiary species, and thus no bioseries can be established. It is quite
possible that Globigerinella tests of the Tertiary have originated
independently from those of the Cretaceous.
d. Hastigerinoides, a highly specialized group of stellate forms,
seems to be related to Globigerinella.
e. The only ancestral forms from which modern Globigerinas
could have sprung are represented by the group of low trochoidal,
weakly ornamented Globigerinas of the Globotruncana apenninica
zone. Unlike the Rugoglobigerinas, which are virtually all dextrally
coiling, Globigerina gautierensis and G. cretacea are both dextrally
and sinistrally coiling. This would suggest a rather undeveloped
phylogenetic position (Bolli, 1951b) from which further evolution is
still possible.
This phylcgenetic derivation, however, appears to be rather
remote in view of the fact that in Trinidad Globigerinas of the
gautierensis-cretacea type apparently do not occur in the _ post-
Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zones.
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION
Family GLOBIGERINIDAE Cushman
Genus GLOBIGERINA d’Orbigny 1826
Globigerina gautierensis n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 1-3
Text fig. 2
Description—The test is a low trochoidal spiral with 5 to 6
chambers in the adult. The trochoidal arrangement is so weak that
the apertural aspect is almost that of Globigerinella. ‘The chambers
are much oppressed, subglobular and increase gradually in size. The
end chamber is often strongly inflated and broad in apertural view and
tends to shift toward the umbilical side. ‘The more or less flat spiral
side shows about 12 chambers arranged in 2 volutions. ‘The deep
and well-defined subcircular umbilicus is rather small compared with
that of 6-chambered Rugoglobigerinas. The sutures are straight
and not much depressed. The outline of the test, therefore, is only
weakly lobulate. The large arcuate aperture is interiomarginal.
The walls are finely perforate, and the surface is ornamented with
small papillae which are stronger on the early ontogenetic chambers.
The surface of the end chamber appears to be almost smooth. The
species is random coiling.
Dimensions —The maximum diameter of paratypes ranges from
0.375 mm. to 0.4 mm.
Holotype—Globigerina gautierensis Bronnimann. T. L. L.
Cat. Nos. 144455, 168920. Text figs. 2a-c. All appr. & 80. Plate
[i 22
BuLLETIN 140 4
Text fig. 2. Globigerina gauticrensis Bronmimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 144455,
168920. Globotruncana apenninica zone, Gautier formation, Upper
Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen, spiral, umbilical
and apertural views. Holotype. (g,h,1) Same _ specimen, — spiral,
umbilical and apertural views. (kl,m) Same specimen, spiral, umbilical
and apertural views. (d,e) Same specimen, spiral and apertural views ;
extreme form with broad end chamber. (f) Apertural view of an
almost planispiral individual.
13. ‘[RtNmap CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN _ 13
1, figs. 1-3. Maximum diameter 0.412 mm. Diameter of umbilicus
005 mm. End chamber: radial diameter 0.15 mm.; tangential diam-
eter 0.175 mm.; thickness 0.177 mm. Globotruncana apenninica
zone, Gautier formation, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I.
Deposited in the Cushman Collection, U. S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotriuncana apenninica zone, Gautier formation,
Upper Cretaceous. Abundant. Associated with Globotruncana apen-
ninica O. Renz (see Bolli, 1951, pl. 34, figs. 1, 2, 3) and with Glo-
bigerina cretacea d’Orbigny. See footnote p. 7.
Remarks.—Globigerina gautierensis differs from the morphologi-
cally related, slightly compressed G. cretacea by the subglobular to
globular, oppressed chambers, which are more numerous. in the adult,
and .by.,the. distinctly less lobulate outline. The low trochoid
Globigerina planispira Tappan 1940, from the Grayson formation,
Washita group, Lower Cretaceous, Denton County, Texas, differs
from G. gautierensis by its bulbous chambers with a smooth surface.
G. portsdownensis Williams-Mitchell 1948, from the Cenomanian,
Upper Cretaceous, Portsdown No. 1 well, Hampshire, England, is
much more trochoidal than any of the Globigerinas of the Gautier
formation.
Nauss (1947, pp. 336-337, pl. 49, figs. 11a-c) introduced Globi-
gerina loetterlei (originally misprinted G. loetterli) from the Upper
Cretaceous Lloydminster shale, Vermilion area, Alberta, Canada.
This form is associated with Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny and with
Guembelina globulosa (Ehrenberg). G. Joetterlei resembles G.
gautierensis in its weakly trochoidal spiral test of only slightly lobulate
outline. Only ornamentation and size differentiate the 2 forms which
very likely belong to the same group of Cretaceous Globigerinas. G.
ioctterlei Nauss has also been recorded from the Upper Cretaceous of
Alaska (Tappan, 1951, pp. 4-5, pl. 1, figs. 1ga-c). The Alaskan
specimens appear to be rather small (greatest diameter 0.18-0.29 mm.)
in comparison with those from Alberta (greatest diameter 0.4-0.7
mm.).
Due to the lack of information regarding the occurrence of Globo-
truncanas in the Upper Cretaceous of Alaska and of Canada, it is at
present not possible to draw any conclusions regarding the correlation
of these deposits and the Trinidad Upper Cretaceous.
The 5-chambered rugose Globigerina from the Upper Cretaceous
White Chalk of Antigua, reported by Cushman (1931, p. 44, pl. 6,
figs. 6a-c) as G. cretacea, apparently belongs to the genus Rugoglobi-
gerina. According to Cushman’s description there is frequently a
thin, platelike structure across the umbilical region. The figured
specimen is small for the genus (0.28 mm.) and possibly represents
14 MI BULLETIN 140 14
Rugoglobigerina reicheli hexacamerata or a variant of this species. The
figured specimen (pl. 6, figs. 5a-b) with 6 chambers in the adult and
a low trochoidal spiral has to be assigned to the same species.
In this connection it should be emphasized that the White Chalk
from which Cushman’s Foraminifera originate is not indigenous of
Antigua, but was imported as ballast from Europe during the time
the water well of Cassada Gardens was being dug. Dr. H. G.
Kugler, who kindly drew the writer’s attention to this fact, states in
a private report on the Geology of Antigua: .
L. 1303—Cassada Garden.
The famous well of Cassada Garden is situated in a low undulating
savannah near the golf course. Ever since Cushman has reported a Creta-
ceous fauna of exactly the same assemblage as known from the French Chalk
of the Paris basin, there were doubts about the existence of such Cretaceous
in Antigua. Senn (1940) used the reported Cretaceous to support one of his
theories. Trechmann (1941) doubted the occurrence of the chalk. In 1941,
the geologist Cleaves reported to the writer that Mr. Forrest, who had
supplied the samples to Dr. Cushman, was in England during the deepening
of the well. There is little doubt that the rock had been brought across
the sea in ballast for “sweetening” the very salty water of the well.
The name of the new species is derived from the Gautier River,
Eastern Central Range, Turure area.
Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny 1840 Text fig. 3
Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny, :1840, Soc. Géol. France, Mém., 4(1):
p-34, pl. 3, figs. 12-14.
Description —The adult test is a very low trochoidal spiral with
a slightly angular to lobulate outline. The distinct and rather deep
umbilicus is surrounded by 5 chambers. The spiral side with 2
volutions comprises about 12 chambers gradually increasing in size.
The chambers -are slightly compressed, elongate-ellipsoid in frontal
view, rounded to slightly subangular when seen from the spiral side.
The sutures are straight and deep. The aperture could not be clearly
observed and is believed to be a large arcuate opening directed toward
the umbilicus. The walls are finely perforate and the surface is
ornamented by minute papillae which are stronger developed in the
early stage. The end chamber is not, or not much, ornamented. The
pustules are not arranged in a regular pattern as in the Rugoglobigeri-
nas. Right and left hand coiling specimens were observed, the latter
seem to be predominant.
Dimensions.—The maximum diameter of the tests range from
0.275 to 0.35 mm.
Holotype-—Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny. Mémoir sur les
foraminiféres de la Craie blanche du bassin de Paris. Soc. Géol.
France, Mém., 1840, 4(1): pl. 3, figs. 12-14. Craie blanche, Cre-
tacé, St. Germain, Bassin de Paris, France, and England.
15
TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 15
Occurrence.—Globotruncana apenninica zone, Gautier formation,
Upper Cretaceous. Abundant. See footnote p. 7.
Text fig. 3. Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny. T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 144455,
168920. Globotruncana apenninica zone, Gautier formation, Upper
Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen, spiral, umbilical
and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, spiral, umbilical and
apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen, spiral, umbilical and apertural
views. (k,l,m) Same specimen, spiral, umbilical and apertural views.
16 BULLETIN 149 16
Remarks.—This species is clearly defined by the slightly com-
pressed, very low trochoidal test and the distinctly lobulate sometimes
subangular outline, and can easily be separated from the similarly
ornamented G. gautierensis. The Trinidad specimens agree perfectly
with d’Orbigny’s figures and description (1840, p. 34, pl. 3, figs.
12-14). D’Orbigny’s specimen is 5-chambered in the adult, the
chambers are somewhat compressed, and the surface is ornamented
with minute papillae. Globigerina infra-cretacea Glaessner (1937,
p. 28, pl. 1, fig. 1) resembles G. cretacea very closely. Morrow
(1934, p. 198, pl. 30, figs. 7, 10a,b). figured and described specimens
of G. cretacea from the Upper Cretaceous Colorado group of Kansas
which appear to be identical with the specimens recorded from Trin-
idad. G. cretacea (Applin, 1933) has also been reported from the
Upper Cretaceous Niobrara formation and the Carlile shale of South
Dakota. Albritton and Phleger (1937) encountered this species in
clays of Navarro and Taylor age from ‘Texas, associated with
(?) Globigerinella aspera (Navarro) and with Globigerina belli White
and (?)Globigerinella aspera (Taylor). It is doubtful whether the
specimens reported by Young (1951, p. 65, pl. 14, figs. 1-3) from the
Upper Cretaceous Frontier formation of southern Montana belong
to G. cretacea. They are larger (0.42 to 0.45 mm.) than the Trini-
dad specimens and (as based on the illustrations) are rather coarsely
hispid on the entire surface. No umbilical cover-plate was observed
by Young, and the ornamentation does not. show any sign of the
meridional pattern.
Genus RUGOGLOBIGERINA n. gen.
Diagnosis.—Test either Hantkenina-like or distinctly Globigerina-
I’ke, almost planispiral to trochoidal. Chambers of Hantkenina type
with axially situated spines, those of Globigerina type rounded peri-
pherally, truncate toward umbilicus. Sutures straight to slightly
curved in direction of coiling. Apertures large, arcuate, directed
toward umbilicus, occasionally with liplike projections. Umbilicus
subcircular, as a rule large, deep, with covering plate. Surface orna-
mented by rugosities of various size and type, either distributed
irregularly or arranged in rows radiating from a central point on
the surface toward the aperture (meridional pattern). .
Generotype.—Rugoglobigerina (Rugoglobigerina) rugosa rugosa
(Plummer) 1920.
Remarks.—The Upper Cretaceous genus Rugoglobigerina contains
the hantkeninoid subgenus Plummerella and the Globigerina-like sub-
genus Rugoglobigerina, both of which carry the characteristic rugose
surface, which in typical forms displays a peculiar meridional pattern.
A further indication of relationship of these two subgenera is the
17. ‘TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 17
occurrence of spines in the early stages and truncate Globigerina
chambers in the late ontogenetic stages of some species. "The covering
plate across the umbilicus was not found in Plummerella, but from
the general morphology of the tests its presence has to be expected in
well-preserved specimens. The genus Rugoglobigerina differs from all
other Cretaceous and Tertiary Globigerinas by the strongly rugose, as
a rule regularly ornamented surface, by a covering plate across the
umbilicus, and by the development of hantkeninoid chambers and of
truncate Globigerina chambers, with large arcuate apertures directed
toward the umbilicus.
; Occurrence——Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I., Eastern
Venezuela, Texas, U. S. A., and Egypt.
Subgenus RUGOGLOBIGERINA n. subgen.
Diagnosis—Test medium to large sized, low trochoidal through-
out the ontogeny. Spiral side with about 2 whorls, initial portion
depressed. Umbilicus variable in diameter, as a rule large, circular
and deep, and provided with a delicate covering plate (only preserved
as fragments or not observed). Chambers increasing in size as added,
subglobular in early stages, those of last volution truncate toward
umbilicus, rounded peripherally, occasionally elongate in direction of
spiral axis. "The end chamber can be larger, of the same size, or even
smaller than the penultimate one and in many forms it is shifted
toward the umbilical side. Early chambers of last volution with
hantkeninoid points, or provided with large pustules, or irregularly
rugose, or ornamented by distinct rows of rugosities radiating from a
central point on the periphery toward the apertural face (meridional
pattern). Plummer (1926, pp. 38-39) describes this feature as
follows:
Sony ae irregularly developed rugosities or even indistinct, discontinuous, and
rugulose ridges that radiate backward over each chamber from a central
point on its periphery.
The meridional arrangement of the rugosities is typically developed
on all or on part of the chambers of the adult volution. Sutures are
well marked, straight to slightly curved in direction of coiling.
Apertures of end chambers, large, arcuate, directed into umbilicus and
occasionally provided with minute liplike projections.
Subgenerotype-—Rugoglobigerina (Rugoglobigerina) rugosa ru-
gosa Plummer 1926.
Remarks.—The subgenus Rugoglobigerina comprises 3 well-de-
fined species, R. reicheli, R. macrocephala, and R. rugosa, each of
them split into a number of closely interrelated subspecies. In spite of
the development of short hantkeninoid points in early chambers of the
adult volution of R. reicheli reicheli, it maintains its distinct Globigeri-
18 BULLETIN 140 18
na character. Rugoglobigerina is separated from the hantkeninoid
subgenus Plummerella by the distinctly Globigerina-like test.
Occurrence——Upper Cretaceous Trinidad, B. W. I., Eastern
Venezuela, Texas, U. S. A., Egypt.
Rugoglobigerina reicheli reicheli n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 3, figs. 10-12
Text figs. 4, 5
Description —The last volution of the small to medium-sized low
trochoidal test comprises 5 “to 6 chambers. Umbilical and spiral side
are well defined. About 2 whorls can be counted on the centrally
slightly depressed spiral side. No details of the initial portion are
discernible due to the coarsely rugose surface. The ultimate chamber
can be larger or of the same size or even smaller than the penultimate
one and is displaced toward the umbilical side. The first 2 or 3
chambers of the last whorl are of conic shape. The adjoining cham-
bers are peripherally rounded and truncate at the apertural side. The
umbilicus is deep, usually filled with matrix. Remains of the delicate
covering plate were noted. The straight sutures are depressed, thus
producing a lobulate outline. The large arcuate aperture of the end
chamber with a small liplike projection opens into the umbilicus. The
apertures of the preceding chambers are not known. “The walls appear
to be thick, and the surface is coarsely rugose. The rugosities of the
inflated last chambers are arranged in meridional rows radiating from
a centre on the surface toward the edges of the aperture. The in-
vestigated specimens are invariably dextrally coiling.
Dimensions.—TVhe maximum diameter of the tests, including the
spinelike projections, ranges from 0.325 mm. to 0.37 mm.
Holotype.—Rugoglobigerina (Rugoglobigerina) reicheli reicheii
Bronnimann. T. L. L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Plate 3, figs. 10-12.
Maximum diameter 0.35 mm. End chamber: radial diameter 0.125
mm.; tangential diameter 0.15 mm.; thickness 0.15 mm. Radial
diameter of first spinose chamber 0.10 mm. Globotruncana mayaroen-
sis zone, Guayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trin-
idad, B. W. I. Deposited in the Cushman Collection, U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Abundant.
Remarks.—Although the adult stage is Globigerina-like, this
subspecies still shows in the early chambers of the last volution indica-
tions of hantkeninoid features similar to those described from the
subgenus Plummerella. It is conceivable that R. reicheli reicheli
represents a transitional form between the two groups. The identical
rugose ornamentation suggests that both subgenera are genetically
related. The central type differs by the hantkeninoid early chambers
from the other forms of the reicheli group.
19 «=‘TRINtDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 19
This species is named after Dr. M. Reichel for his contribution
to the knowledge of the Upper Cretaceous genus Schackoina Thal-
mann.
Text fig. 4. Rugoglobigerina reicheli reicheli Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos.
155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare beds,
Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral
and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen umbilical, spiral and
apertural views. (k,l,m) Same specimen umbilical, spiral and apertural
views.
20 BULLETIN 140 20
Text fig. 5. Rugoglobigerina reicheli reicheli Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos.
155591-155594- Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare beds,
Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral
and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and
apertural views.
Rugoglobigerina reicheli pustulata n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 2, figs. 7-S
Next eilesysG-as
Description.—TVhe last whorl of the small to medium-sized low
trochoidal test is 5-chambered. The centrally slightly depressed spiral
side exhibits about 2 whorls. Due to the rugose surface, details of
the initial stage could not be observed. The chambers are subglobular
throughout the last whorl, the earlier ones occasionally provided with
large spicules. The chambers increase in size as added. The end
2I
TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 21
Text fig. 6. Rugoglobigerina reicheli pustulata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral
and apertural views. (k,l,m) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and
apertural views.
22 ; BULLETIN 140 22
chamber, however, can be smaller than the penultimate one and
usually is clearly displaced toward the umbilicus. Such size reduction
and displacement appear to be typical features of the Rugoglobigerinas.
The end chamber is distinctly truncate at the apertural side. The
sutures are depressed and straight. The circular umbilicus is deep and
usually filled with matrix. Remains of a covering plate were observed
along the truncate edges of the chambers. “The large, semicircular
aperture of the end chamber opens into the umbilicus. The apertures
cf the preceding chambers are not known. ‘The walls appear to be
Text fig. 7. Rugoglobigerina reicheli pustulata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen, umbilical, spirai
and apertural views.
23 ‘Trinmap CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN ~— 23
thick, and the surface is coarsely rugose, especially in the early stages.
The ornamentation of the last chambers exhibits the characteristic
meridional pattern. All the investigated specimens are dextrally
coiling.
Dimensions.—The maximum diameter of paratypes varies from
0.275 mm. to 0.375 mm.
Holotype—Rugoglobigerina (Rugoglobigerina) reicheli pustulata
Bronnimann. T. L. L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Plate 2, figs. 7-9.
Maximum diameter 0.35 mm. End chamber: radial diameter 0.125
mm.; tangential diameter 0.175 mm.; thickness 0.20 mm. Globotrun-
¢ana mayaroensis zone, CGuayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper
Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I. Deposited in the Cushman Collection,
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Abundant.
Remarks.—The subspecies pustulata is a completely Globigerina-
like form and therefore can be distinguished without difficulty from
the spinose subspecies reicheli and from the asteroid species of the
subgenus Plummerelia. It is separated from the related Rugoglobige-
rinas by the number of chambers in the last whorl, by the less devel-
oped meridional ornamentation, and by the much smaller size.
Rugoglobigerina reicheli hexacamerata n.sp., n.subsp. Plate 2, figs. 10-12
Text fig. 8
(?)Globigerinella aspera (Ehrenberg), Cushman, 1931, Cushman Lab.
Foram. Res., Contrib., 7: pp. 44-45, pl. 6, figs. 5a-b.
(2?) Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny, Cushman, 1931, Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res., Contrib., 7: p. 44, pl. 6, figs. 6a-c.
Description.—The small to medium-sized test is a low trochoidal
spiral with 6 chambers in the adult. The umbilical side, characterized
by a very large, deep, almost circular umbilicus, exhibits fragments of
the covering plate along the truncate edges of the chambers. ‘The
slightly depressed spiral side shows about 2 whorls. The well-separated
subglobular and truncate chambers increase rather slowly in size. “The
end chamber can be smaller than the penultimate one and is frequently
displaced toward the umbilical side. “The deep sutures are straight
and occasionally slightly curved. The arcuate aperture of the end
chamber is large and apparently provided with a minute liplike projec-
tion. Those of the preceding chambers are not known. ‘The walls
are thick, and the surface is coarsely rugose. “The surface of about
two-thirds of the chambers of the last volution shows the meridional
pattern, whereas that of the earlier chambers is irregularly hispid.
Only dextrally coiling individuals were counted.
Dimensions.—TVhe maximum diameter of paratypes varies from
0.35 mm. to 0.375 mm.
Holotype.—kKugoglobigerina reicheli hexacamerata Bronnimann.
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Plate 2, figs. 10-12. Maximum
24
BULLETIN 140 24
Text fig. 8. Rugoglobigerina reicheli hexacamerata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same _ specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral
and apertural views. (k,l,m) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and
apertural views.
25 ‘TrRInmAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN — 25
diameter 0.375 mm. Diameter of umbilicus 0.125 mm. End cham-
ber: radial diameter 0.115 mm.; tangential diameter 0.15 mm.; thick-
ness 0.175 mm. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Cjuayaguayare
beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I. Deposited
iu the Cushman Collection, U. S. National Museum, Washington,
He
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Abundant. Pos-
sibly also in Globotruncana gansseri zone.
Remarks.—The subspecies hexacamerata and pustulata are so
closely related that at first they were lumped together. “The more
detailed investigation proved that the two types can be separated, not
only on account of the difference in the number of adult chambers
but also by the large, subcircular umbilicus and by the predominant
meridiona! ornamentation in the last whorl of R. reicheli hexacam-
erata. From the morphologically similar subspecies pennyi of the
rugosa group (0.4-0.425 mm.), it is separated by the smaller size and
the more delicate ornamentation.
Rugoglobigerina macrecephala macrocephala n. sp., n. subsp.
Plate 2, figs. 1-3
Text fig. 9
Description—The small to medium-sized trochoidal test is 4 to
5-chambered in the adult. The rather small and deep umbilicus is
filled with matrix and no signs of a covering plate were observed. The
spiral side is centrally depressed and shows in well-preserved specimens
about 2 whorls. The subglobular chambers are truncate toward the
umbilicus and increase rapidly in size as added. ‘The peripherally
somewhat flattened end chamber is much larger than the penultimate
one, and in many individuals equals the whole preceding spiral in size.
The straight sutures are well developed in the adult stage. “The large
semicircular aperture of the end chamber is provided with a minute
liplike border and opens into the umbilicus. “The apertures of the
preceding chambers are not visible. The walls are thick and the
surface is rugose. “The ornamentation of the early chambers is irreg-
ular and coarsely hispid whereas the 2 last-formed chambers show the
meridional pattern. The rugosities are delicate and composed of
numerous fine continuous and discontinuous ridges. All the investi-
gated individuals are dextrally coiling.
Dimensions.—TVhe maximum diameter of paratypes ranges from
0.275 mm. to 0.35 mm.
Holotype. — Rugoglobigerina (Rugoglobigerina) macrocephala
macrocephala Bronnimann. T.L. L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Plate
2, figs. 1-3. Maximum diameter 0.325 mm. Diameter of aperture
0.1 mm. End chambers: radial diameter 0.175 mm.; tangential
diameter 0.25 mm.; thickness 0.225 mm. Globotruncana mayaroensis
26 BULLETIN 140 26
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trin-
idad, B. W. 1. Deposited in the Cushman Collection, U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C.
Text fig. 9. Rugoglobigerina macrocephala macrocephala Bronnimann. T.L.L.
Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral
and apertural views. (k,l,m) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and
apertural views. (n-s) Views of 6 different specimens.
27 TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN — 27
Occurrence.-— Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Abundant.
Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone. Rare.
Remarks.—This subspecies is the central form of the macrocephala
group, typified by the large-sized end chamber. It is distinguished
from the subspecies ornata by the relatively small test and by the
coarsely and irregularly ornamented early chambers of the last volu-
tion. Only the 2 last chambers carry the meridional pattern.
Rugoglobigerina macrocephala ornata n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 2, figs. 4-6
Text fig. 10
Description—The relatively large trochoidal test is, as a rule,
4-chambered in the adult. The deep and small umbilicus is invariably
filled with matrix and only remains of the covering plate were
observed. The slightly depressed spiral side exhibits about 2 whorls.
The truncate and peripherally rounded chambers increase rapidly in
size. The end chamber is occasionally smaller than the penultimate
one (compare the descriptions of the reicheli group). The sutures
between the chambers of the adult are deep and straight, those of
the initial portion indistinct. The large, semicircular aperture of
the end chamber is provided with minute liplike borders and opens into
the umbilicus. The walls are thick. The irregular arrangement of
the rugosities is confined to the innermost chambers. “The 4 last
chambers show in general the meridional pattern. ‘The specimens are
invariably dextrally coiling.
Dimensions.—The maximum diameter of paratypes measures
from 0.325 mm. to 0.4 mm.
Holotype-—Rugoglobigerina (Rugoglobigerina) macrocephala or-
nata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Plate 2,
figs. 4-6. Maximum diameter 0.35 mm. End chambers: radial diam-
eter 0.15 mm.; tangential diameter 0.25 mm.; thickness 0.225 mm.
Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian
Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W.1I. Deposited in the Cushman
Collection, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Abundant. Globo-
truncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone. Rare.
Remarks.—The subspecies ornata is similar to macrocephala, but
rather constant differences in size and development of the meridional
pattern justify separate subspecies. “The test of ornata is larger than
that of macrocephala, and in addition shows a more pronounced
meridional pattern in the adult. It occupies an intermediate position
between the macrocephala and the rugosa groups.
28
BULLETIN 140 28
Text fig. ro. Rugoglobigerina macrocephala ornata Bromnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical,
sp.ral and apertural views. (g,hi) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral
and apertural views.
Rugoglobigerina rugosa rugosa (Plummer) 1926 Text figs. 11, 12, 13
Globigerina rugosa Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, pp. 38-39,
pl. 2, figs. roa-d; Loetterle, 1937, Nebraska Geol. Survey, Bull. 12.
(2) Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny, Young, 1951, Jour. Paleont., 25(1) :
pp. 65-66, pl. 14, figs. 1-3.
(?)Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny var. esnehensis Nakkady, 1950, ibid.,
24(6): p. 689, pl. go, figs. 14-16-
29 TrINmAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 29
Description.—The large low trochoidal test is 4-, 5-, and 6-cham-
bered in the adult. The chambers of the last volution are truncate
toward the aperture, rounded at the peripheral side, and increase
moderately in size as added. The end chamber is displaced toward
Text fig: r1 (all 4, 5-chambered specimens). Rugoglobigerina rugosa rugosa
(Plummer). T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana maya-
roénsis zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80.
(a,b,c) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f)
Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same
specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertural views.
30 BULLETIN 140 30
the umbilical side and occasionally smaller in size than the penultimate
one. The spiral side shows about 2 whorls. Due to the coarse
rugosities no information can be given regarding the arrangement
Text fig. 12 (5-chambered specimens). Rugoglobigerina rugosa rugosa
(Plummer). T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana maya-
roensis zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 65.
(a,b,c) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f)
Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (g-i) Umbilical
views 3 different specimens.
aed
"TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN _ 31
Text
yt
gy Rb da
specimens). Rugoglobigerina rugosa rugosa
fig. 13 (6-chambered
(Plummer). T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana maya-
roensis zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 65.
(a,b,c) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f)
Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same
specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertural views.
32 BULLETIN 140 Wi) 32
of the innermost portion which is occasionally slightly depressed. ‘The
subcircular umbilicus is large and deep, and in well-preserved indivi-
duals is covered by a delicate plate with irregular openings. As a rule,
only fragments of this covering plate are preserved. ‘The sutures are
deep, well marked, straight on the umbilical side, and straight to
curved on the spiral side. The large, semicircular apertures are pro-
vided with minute liplike projections. The apertures are directed
into the umbilicus. The surface of the adult chambers is ornamented
by coarse rugosities, arranged in the meridional pattern. The early
ontogenetic chambers are irregularly rugose. The meridionally ar-
ranged ridges and spines are much coarser than in the macrocephala
and reicheli groups. Only dextrally coiling individuals were counted.
Dimensions.—The maximum diameter of the tests ranges from
0.4 mm. to 0.575 mm.
Lectotype (here designated).—Globigerina rugosa Plummer 1926
Univ. Texas; Bull. 2644, pl. 2; fig... toa, Navarro /clay.)) Walker
Creek, Cameron, Milam Co., Texas.
Occurrence. — Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Abundant.
Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone. Rare.
Remarks.—The central type and the related subspecies of the
rugosa group can readily be distinguished from the similar 5- and
6-chambered forms of the reicheli group by the larger tests and the
stronger rugosities. The 4-chambered tests display affinities to the
likewise 4-chambered R. macrocephala ornata, and it appears that
the smaller and not so coarsely rugose macrocephala group is related
to the large and strongly ornamented rugosa group. The subspecies
rugosa is separated from rotundata by the difference in the develop-
ment of the adult chambers, the large, subcircular umbilicus, and the
less spherical test. ‘The 6-chambered forms differ from the related
pennyi by the larger test and stronger increase in size of the chambers.
Mrs. H. J. Plummer figured and described specimens of R. rugosa
rugosa (1926, pp. 38-39, pl. 2, figs. 10a-d) from the Upper Cretaceous
Navarro clay, bank of Walker Creek, 6 miles N. 15° E. of Cameron,
Milam Co., Texas, about 5 feet below Midway greensand, which per-
fectly agree in size and ornamentation with the specimens described
from the Trinidad Cretaceous.
It is also possible that Nakkady’s new variety of G. cretacea
(1950, p. 689, pl. 90, figs. 14-16) from the “top shale’ and Lower
Eocene samples of Abu Durba, the Lower Eocene of Wadi Danili,
and from a “lower zone’ and the Lower Eocene of Gebel Duwi has
to be assigned to the genus Rugoglobigerina. Nakkady’s description
33
TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN = 33
and figures unfortunately are not adequate, and the original material
will have to be checked in order to decide the validity of Nakkady’s
determination.
Text
fig. 14. Rugoglobigerina rugosa pennyi Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral
and apertural views.
34 BULLETIN 140 34
Kugoglobigerina rugosa pennyi n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 4, figs. 1-3
Text fig. 14
Description.—The test is of intermediate size, between the forms
of the reicheli group and the typical representatives of rugosa. ‘The
chambers are arranged in a low trochoidal spire of about 2 whorls.
The spiral side is slightly depressed. The last volution comprises 6
tc 7 chambers, which do not, or only very slowly, increase in size.
The chambers are truncate at the anertural side and rounded peri-
pherally. The subcircular umbilicus is large and deep, and covered
with a frail plate, usually only preserved in fragments along the aper-
tural edges. The large, arcuate apertures open into the umbilicus
and seem to be provided with minute liplike borders. The sutures
are well defined and fairly deep on the umbilical side. The surface
shows: strong rugosities which in the last volution are arranged in
the meridional pattern.
Dimensions —TVhe maximum diameter of the paratypes ranges
from 0.4 mm. to 0.425 mm.
Holotype.—Rugoglobigerina (Rugoglobigerina) rugosa pennyi
Bronnimann. JP. b. L. Gat. Nos. 155591-155594.. (Plate 4,7 fies. 1-s:
Maximum diameter 0.4 mm. Diameter of umbilicus 0.15 mm. End
chamber: radial diameter 0.125 mm.; tangential diameter 0.175 mm.;
thickness 0.125 mm. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. (Guaya-
guayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I.
Deposited in the Cushman Collection, U. S$. National Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Common.
Remarks.—TVhis subspecies is related to the 4 to 6-chambered
rugosa, but can be separated on account of the smaller average size
(0.4-0.425 mm. against 0.4-0.57 mm.), the 6 to 7 chambers of the last
volution, their less marked increase in size, and the much larger
umbilicus. It is named for F. W. Penny who extensively developed
the use of Foraminifera in correlation and in mapping the marine
‘Tertiary clays of the southern part of Trinidad in the early ‘[wenties.
Rugoglobigerina rugosa rotundata n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 4, figs. 7-9
Text figs. 15, 16
Description.—The large, occasionally subspherical test starts with
a low, trochoidal spiral which is followed in the adult by a somewhat
higher volution with 5 to 6 chambers increasing little in size. The
chambers of the last whorl are truncate at the apertural side, rounded
at the periphery and much elongated in axial direction. The spiral
side with about 2 whorls is usually slightly depressed. “The aperture,
as seen in the end chamber, is large, arcuate, and opens into the deep
and narrow umbilicus. The covering plate seems to be absent. ‘The
deep sutures are straight on the umbilical side, and straight to slightly
35 Trinmap CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN
835)
curved on the spiral side. “The surface is ornamented by numerous
coarse pustules and small ridges arranged in an indistinct meridional
*Text fig. 15.
Nos.
Rugoglobigerina rugosa rotundata Bronnimann.
155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c)
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical,
spir2l and apertural views.
Teepe Cate
Same specimen,
36 BULLETIN 140 | 36
pattern. All the investigated specimens are dextrally coiling.
Dimensions —The maximum diameter of the paratypes is from
0.5 mm. to 0.55 mm.
Holotype.—Rugoglobigerina (ugoglobigerina) rugosa rotundata
Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Plate 4, figs. 7-9.
Maximum diameter 0.5 mm. End chamber: radial diameter 0.175
mm.; tangential diameter 0.275 mm.; thickness 0.375 mm. Globo-
truncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper
Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. 1. Deposited in the Cushman Collection
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Common.
Remarks.—The rather irregular, occasionally almost subglobular
test with the large, axially elongated chambers of the last volution,
and the deep and small umbilicus, differentiate this subspecies from
other Rugoglobigerinas. In addition, the ornamentation is not so
clearly developed in a meridional pattern as observed in typical rep-
resentatives of the rugosa group. It is believed that R. rugosa rotun-
data is an offshoot of the rugosa group.
Text fig. 16. Rugoglobigerina rugosa rotundata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views.
37. ‘Trinrmpap CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 37
Subgenus PLUMMERELLA n. subgen.
Diagnosis—Test small, Hantkenina-like, almost planispiral to
distinctly trochoidal, generally only last whorl visible. Chambers
increasing in size as added, compressed in early portion of last volution,
slightly to much inflated in the adult. Spines in axial position of the
chambers, present throughout the last whorl or restricted to early
chambers. Sutures straight, shallow, but clearly marked. Umbilicus
developed in trochoidal species, probably with covering plate. Aper-
ture unknown, in analogy to the related forms probably rounded and
large, leading into the umbilicus. Wall thick and surface ornamented
by minute spines and ridges, either irregularly distributed or arranged
in rows radiating from a central point on the surface toward the
apertural face (meridional pattern).
Subgenerotype—Rugoglobigerina (Plummerella) hantkeninoides
hantkeninoides Bronnimann. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guay-
aguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I.
Remarks.—This remarkable subgenus of Rugoglobigerina consists
at present of one species split into 3 well-defined and easily distinguish-
able but closely related subspecies; P. hantkeninoides hantkeninoides
(subgenerotype). P. hantkeninoides costata, and P. hantkeninoides
inflata. Plummerella differs from the Tertiary genus Hantkenina
Cushman 1924, to which it displays certain similarities, by the slightly
to distinctly trochoidal adult stage and by the rugose surface showing a
radiating structure at least in the more trochoidal representatives.
From the Upper Cretaceous hantkeninoid genus, Schackoina Thalmann
1932, the new subgenus differs by the general form of the test, which
in Schackoina is almost planispiral and involute in the adult, by the
development of the spines, and by the ornamentation. (Cushman,
1946; Reichel, 1947.)
The subgenus is named after the late Mrs. Helen Jeanne Plum-
mer who for the first time drew the attention of micropaleontologists
to the ornate Upper Cretaceous Globigerinas.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, CGuayaguayare
beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I.
Plummerella hantkeninoides hantkeninoides n. sp., n. subsp.
Plate 3, figs. 1-3
Text fig. 17
Description The delicate asteroid test resembles the Middle
Eocene Hantkenina (Aragonella) mexicana Cushman 1925. Only the
last 5-chambered volution is visible. “The chambers are arranged in
an indistinct trochoidal spiral. ‘The peripherally well-separated cham-
bers are compressed, except the end chamber which in some individuals
is slightly inflate. [he chambers are radially elongate and possess
38 BULLETIN 140 38
throughout the last whorl axially situated spines. The angles between
the spines measure on the average 70°-80°. In general the spines
of the last chambers are smaller than those of the earlier ones.
It is possible that this feature becomes obsolete in the course
of the ontogenetic development. The umbilicus is indistinct, and
the central areas are, on both sides. masked by matrix. ‘The sutures
are straight, shallow, but elearly defined. The aperture is not known.
The walls appear to be thick. The surface is rugose, and, in a few
specimens, even a kind of linear pattern can be observed. Due to the
indistinct trochoidal spiral the direction of coiling can not be deter-
mined.
Dimensions —The maximum diameter of the tests, including the
spines, varies from 0.25 mm. to 0.35 mm.
Text fig. 17. Plummerella hantkeninoides hantkeninoides Bronnimann.
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone.
Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b) Same
specimen, lateral and apertural views. Holotype. (c,d) Same specimen,
lateral and apertural views. (e,f) Same specimen, lateral and apertural
views. (g,h) Same specimen, lateral and apertural views. (i,k) Same
specimen, lateral and apertural views.
39 «=‘[TRINmAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN — 39
Holotype.-—Rugoglobigerina (Plummerella) hantkeninoides hant-
keninoides Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat: Nos. 155591-155594. Text
fig. 17a,b. All appr. X 80. Plate 3, figs. 1-3. Maximum diameter
0.370 mm. Radial diameter of spinose chambers 0.1-0.125 mm.
Thickness of end chamber 0.085 mm. Globotruncana mayarvensis
zone, CGuayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trin-
idad, B. W. 1. Deposited in the Cushman Collection, U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence-—Only found in the Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone. Scarce.
Remarks.—This species is named after its Hantkenina-like outline.
It differs from the related forms by the faint trochoidal test, by the 5
laterally compressed spinose chambers, and by the only slightly inflated
end chamber.
Plummerella hantkeninoides costata n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 3, figs. 4-6
Text fig. 18
Description —The test is stellate in outline and comprises in the
last volution 5 chambers arranged in a depressed trochoidal spiral.
The early chambers are slightly, the end chambers strongly, inflated
to subglobular. The trochoidal structure is clearly visible from the
frontal side. The peripherally well-separated chambers, except the
end chamber, are elongate in radial direction into roughly axially
situated points, which correspond to the spines of the central type
hantkeninoides hantkeninoides. “The end chamber does not possess
a spine, thus ind:cating that this feature disappears in the course of the
ontogeny (see remarks on the occurrence in spines in P. hantkeninoides
hantkeninoides). The spines are separated by angles of 70°-80°.
The rather shallow umbilicus is not well defined and is filled with
matrix. No details are visible on the spiral side. The straight sutures
are deep and clearly marked. ‘The aperture is large, semicircular and
opens into the umbilicus. The walls seem to be thick and the surface
is strongly rugose; the individual ridges and spines—at least of the
end chambers—radiate from a central point on the surface. The
strong ornamentation of the’ early chambers of the last volution is
irregular. The only well-preserved specimen is coiling to the right
hand side.
Holotype—Rugoglobigerina (Plummerella) hantkeninoides costata
Bronnimann, T. L. L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Text figs. 18a,b,c.
Plate 3, figs. 4-6. Maximum diameter 0.35 mm. Radial diameter of
first spinose chambers 0.15 mm. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone,
Guayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, ‘Trinidad,
B. W. I. Deposited in the Cushman Collection, U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Rare.
40 . BULLETIN 140 40
Text fig. 18. Plummerella hantkeninoides costata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. Holotype.
Remarks.—This subspecies is transitional between the central
type hantkeninoides and the 3-spined, strongly trochoid subspecies
inflata. It differs from the typical form by the distinct trochoidal
tests, by the stronger inflated chambers, and by the complete reduction
of the spine of the end chamber. It can be separated from inflata by
the reduction of the number of spinose chambers to 2 or 3, and by the
less inflated end chambers.
Plummerella hantkeninoides inflata n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 3, figs. 7-9
Text fig. 19
Description The small 5-chambered trochoidal test is stellate
in its early stage. . The spineless adult approaches the Globigerina type
as represented by the Rugoglobigerina macrocephala group. ‘The first
3 chambers are laterally compressed, but not as strongly as in the
subspecies hantkeninoides, and are provided axially with pointed, oc-
casionally spinelike prolongations. “The 2 last-formed chambers are
spineless and strongly inflate. The axis of the early spinelike chambers
are separated by angles of 50°-60°. The subcircular umbilicus is well
defined and generally filled with matrix. No indication of a covering
plate was found, but from the general morphology of the test its
presence can be expected. ‘The spiral side is masked by matrix. ‘The
aperture is arcuate and opens into the umbilicus. “The straight sutures
are well defined throughout the last whorl. “The walls appear to be
thick, and the surface is strongly rugose. “The ornamentation of the
last-formed chambers shows a distinct meridional pattern, radiating
from a peripheral pole toward the apertural face. The coarse surface
of the spinose chambers is less regular. All the investigated specimens
are dextrally coiling.
Dimensions —The maximum diameter of the paratypes, including
the spines, is from 0.275 mm. to 0.375 mm.
Holotype.
Rugoglobigerina (Plummerella) hantkeninoides in-
4I TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN = 41
flata Bronnimann. T.L. L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Text figs.
19d,e,f. All appr. & 80. Plate 3, figs. 7-9. Maximum diameter 0.30
mm. End chambers: radial diameter 0.125 mm.; tangential diameter
0.175 mm.; thickness 0.125 mm. Radial diameter of first spinose
chamber 0.10 mm. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
Text fig. 19. Plummerella hantkeninoides inflata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen,
umbilical, spiral and apertural views. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views. Holotype. (g,h,i) Same specimen, umbilical,
spiral and apertural views. (k,l,m) Same specimen, umbilical, spirai
and apertural views.
42 BULLETIN 140 iP 42
beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad; B. W. I. Deposi-
ted in the Cushman Collection, U. S. National Museum, Washington,
DAC,
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Common.
Remarks.—This distinctly trochoid and strongest inflated sub-
species of the hantkeninoides group shows only 3 spinose chambers.
The new feature, 7. e., the subglobular, regularly patterned Globigerina-
like chamber, becomes the predominant characteristic of the adult test.
Although no stratigraphic proof can be offered, it can be assumed that
the hantkeninoid chambers are a more primitive feature, superseded in
the course of ontogeny by the spineless Globigerina chambers. This
subspecies, therefore, seems to be more progressive than the others.
The subspecies inflata can easily be distinguished by the reduced
hantkeninoid portion and by the 2 characteristic subglobular end
chambers. In addition, the test is considerably more trochoidal. It
is of interest to note that the angles between the axis of the hantkeni-
noides chambers are smaller than in the related forms.
Genus GLOBIGERINELLA Cushman 1927
The following, in the adult planispiral Globigerinas, have been
assigned to the genus Globigerinella, although a few individuals
develop occasionally a faint trochoidal arrangement.
Globigerinella messinae messinae n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 1, figs. 6, 7
Text fig. 20
Description The small and compressed test with its more
or less lobate outline is semi-involute and planispiral in the adult
though occasionally developing a tendency toward a weak trochoidal
spiral. ‘The test throughout is closely coiled. The adult volution
comprises 5, rarely 6, chambers. They are peripherally rounded and
laterally somewhat compressed, and increase in size rapidly. The
cutline of the chambers is elongate-ellipsoid in apertural view, and
subcircular in umbilical view. The shallow umbilici are partly
covered with the prolongations of the delicate liplike projections of
the apertural border. In well-preserved individuals they exhibit por-
tions of the early ontogenetic volutions. No details of shape and
arrangement of the innermost chambers are recognizable. The straight
sutures are deep and well marked. The large arcuate aperture is
situated equatorially at the base of the end chamber. ‘The aperture
is surrounded with delicate liplike projections extending into the
umbilici. The walls appear to be thin and finely perforate. Minute
papillae are evenly distributed over the surface. Early chambers are
more strongly ornamented.
Dimensions.—The maximum diameter of the paratypes ranges
from 0.31 mm. to 0.4 mm.
43
TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN — 43
Text fig. 20. Globigerinella messinae messinae Bronnimann, T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b) Same _ specimen,
umbilical and apertural views. Holotype. (c,d) Same specimen, umbilical
and apertural views. (e,f) Same specimen, umbilical and apertura]
views. (g,h) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (i,k)
Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (l,m) Same specimen,
umbilical and apertural views. (n,o) Same specimen, umbilical and
apertural views. (p,q) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
44 BULLETIN 140 44
Holotype.—Globigerinella messinae messinae Bronnimann. T.
Ea. Cato Nes: 155591-155594., ext figs: 20a,be Allvappr. >< So:
Plate 1, figs. 6, 7. Maximum diameter 0.4 mm. End chamber:
radial diameter 0.2 mm.; tangential diameter 0.2 mm.; thickness
0.175 mm. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare beds,
Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W.1I. Deposited in
the Cushman Collection, U. S. National Museum, Washington,
DAC
Occurrence. — Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Abundant.
Globtruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone. Rare.
Remarks.—This subspecies is named after Miss A. Messina,
co-author of the Catalogue of Foraminifera. It differs from the
related forms by the rounded periphery of the chambers. From
Globigerinella voluta (White), originally described from the Mendez
shale and from the base of the Velasco shale, Tampico Embayment
area, Mexico (White, M. P., 1928, pp. 197-198, pl. 28, figs. 5a-b)
it is distinguished by the much smaller size, the distinctly laterally
compressed, finely ornamented chambers, and by the large arcuate
aperture with liplike projection, which in Globigerinella voluta is
“a thin lunate opening in the suture on the margin of the last cham-
ber.”
Globigerinella messinae subcarinata n. sp., n. subsp. Plate 1, figs. 10, 11
Text fig. 21
Description—vThe small, compressed and planispiral test has a
lobate outline. “The adult volution is composed of 5, rarely 6, much
compressed, subcarinate chambers. The last whorl is semi-involute,
exposing in the shallow umbilici parts of the earlier chambers. The
chambers are, separated by rather deep and straight sutures. “The end
chamber is occasionally not larger or even smaller than the penultimate
one. ‘The outline of the individual chambers is elongate-ellipsoid in
apertural and subcircular in lateral view. Early ontogenetic chambers
are rounded peripherally, similar to those of the subspecies messinae.
The large arcuate aperture is situated equatorially at the base of the
end chamber and is provided with a delicate, indistinct liplike pro-
jection. ‘The walls appear to be thin and finely perforate. Minute
papillae are evenly distributed over the surface. The ornamentation
is stronger in the early stage of the last volution.
Dimensions —The maximum diameter of the paratypes varies
from 0.3 mm. to 0.4 mm.
Holotype. — Globigerinella messinae subcarinata Bronnimann.
Wedjads. Gate Nos: 155501-15550455 Wexti hes. )21a.b.e VAlle appr
x 80. Plate 1, figs. 10, 11. Maximum diameter 0.35 mm. End cham-
ber: radial diameter 0.15 mm.; tangential diameter 0.15 mm.; thickness
0.10 mm. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare beds,
Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W.I. Deposited in
45 [RtNmap CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 45
the Cushman Collection, U. S. National Museum, Washington,
i Fi ee
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Rather scarce.
Remarks.—The subspecies siwzbcarinata is closely related to mes-
sinae and transitional forms are difficult to assign. Most of the tests
however can be classified without difficulty. As a rule, swbcarinata
is more compressed, coarser ornamented and stronger evolute than
the non-carinate central type. In addition the liplike projection is
better developed in messinae than in subcarinata. Early ontogenetic
stages of the 2 subspecies are almost identical.
Text fig. 21. Globigerinella messinae subcarinata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
Nos. 155597-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare
beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b) Same specimen, umbilical
and apertural views. Holotype. (c,d) Same specimen, umbilical and
apertural views. (e,f) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
(g,h) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (i,k) Same
specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (l,m) Same_ specimen,
umbilical and apertural views.
40 BULLETIN 140 46
Globigerinella escheri escheri (Kaufmann) 1865 Text figs. 22, 23
Nonionina escheri Kaufmann, 1865, in Heer, Die Urwelt der Schweiz,
p. 198, text fig. 110<.
Globigerina aspera (Ehrenberg), Franke, 1928, Preuss. geol. Landesanst.,
Abh., n. f., Heft 111, p. 192, pl. 18, figs. roa-c.
Globigerinella aspera (Ehrenberg), Carman, 1929, Jour. Paleont., 3(3) ;
p- 315, pl. 34, fig. 6. »
Description.—The relatively small, more or less lobulate and
slightly compressed test is planispiral in the adult. It is possible that
the early ontogenetic chambers are arranged in a weak trochoidal
spiral. The adult spiral is semi-involute to almost evolute. The last
volution is 6-chambered as a rule, but specimens with 5 and 7 chambers
were also recorded. The chambers are subglobular in early stages,
later laterally compressed, and increase slowly in size as added. ‘The
end chamber is larger than the penultimate one, but not predominant
in size, and somewhat elongate. ‘The outlines of the chambers are
elongate-ellipsoid in apertural view, and subcircular in lateral view.
The umbilici are shallow, and, due to adhering matrix, details of
the early portion of the test can be seen only exceptionally. The
sutures are straight, broad and deep. The low- arcuate apertures
of the end chambers are basal and equatorial. No lips or liplike pro-
jections were observed. ‘The walls are thin and finely perforate. The
surface is smooth.
Dimensions —The maximum dimmeren of the test ranges from
0.225 mm. to 0.275 mm.
Lectotype (here designated).— Nonionina escheri Kaufmann,
1865, in Heer, O., Die Urwelt der Schweiz, p. 108, text fig. 110a,
F. Schulthess, Zurich. Upper Cretaceous.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone. Common to
abundant.
Remarks.—Nonionina escheri Kaufmann, 1865, was originally
reported from the Upper Cretaceous Seewerkalk of Switzerland
(Seewen and Gersau) and from the White Chalk of England. Ac-
cording to Bolli (1944, p. 275-277) the Seewerkalk comprises at
the locality of Seewen top Cenomanian and ‘Turonian-Senonian,
characterized by Globotruncana apenninica, Globotruncana stefani,
Globotruncana o. renzi (Cenomanian-Lower Turonian) and by Globo-
truncana helvetica, Globotruncana lapparenti inflata, Globotruncana
lapparenti lapparenti, Globotruncana lapparenti bulloides, Globotrun-
cana lapparenti tricarinata, Globotruncana lapparenti coronata, and
Globotruncana globigerinoides (Turonian-Senonian). Although the
specimens described and figured by Kaufmann are slightly smaller than
the average individuals from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad, their
characteristics agree perfectly. The 5 to 6-sided “first chamber’’ of
Kaufmann obviously represents the umbilical area which also in the
Trinidad specimens is 5 to 6-sided. The much larger Globigerinella
47 TRinmwap CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 43
Text fig. 22. Globigerinella escheri escheri (Kaufmann). T.L.L. Cat. Nos.
167518, 167519. Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone, Upper Cretaceous.
All appr. X 80. (a,b) Same specimen, umbilical and epentural views.
(c,d) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (e,f) Same
spec.men, umbilical and apertural views. (g,h) Same_ specimen,
umbilical and apertural views. (i,k) Same specimen, umbilical and
apertural views. (l,m) Same specimen, in umbilical and apertural
views. (n,o) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (p,q)
Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
voluta (White, 1928, p. 197, pl. 28, figs. 5a,b) with almost globular
chambers is considered to represent a different species. This however
should be checked with the original material. Globigerinella messinae
messinae and the subspecies subcarinata differ from Globigerinella
escheri escheri by the larger size, by the more involute and compressed
test, and by the high arcuate basal aperture with liplike projections.
48 BULLETIN 140 48
Text fig. 23. Globigerinella escheri escheri (Kaufmann). T.L.L. Cat. Nos.
167518, 467519. Globotruncana lapparenti s. |. zone, Upper Cretaceous.
All appr. X So. 17 different individuals in umbilical view.
Globigerinella escheri escheri is closely related to the subspecies
clavata. ‘Transitional forms between the two subspecies are common.
Typical representatives of the much scarcer clavata with its peculiar
prolongation of the end chamber, however, can be determined without
difficulty.
Rotalia aspera Ehrenberg (1854, figs. 28, 42, 44, 57, 58) may
in part possibly represent species of Upper Cretaceous Globigerinellas.
Ehrenberg’s description and figures, however, are considered to be
inadequate, and the name aspera, therefore, should not be used, unless
Ehrenberg’s material has been revised and a lectotype has been desig-
nated. Globigerinella aspera (Carman, 1929, p. 315, pl. 34, fig. 6)
from the Niobrara formation of Wyoming, belongs to Globigerinella
escheri escheri. Also Globigerina aspera (Ehrenberg), reported by
Franke (1928, p. 192, pl. 18, figs. 10a-c) from various Turonian-
49 ‘Trinmap CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN = 49
Senonian localities of Germany, appears to be identical with Kauf-
mann’s species.
Globigerinella aspera (Ehrenberg) from the Upper Cretaceous
White Chalk found as imported material in Antigua (Cushman, 1931,
pp. 44-45, pl. 6, figs. 5a-b) may be a low trochoidal Rugoglobigerina
(see p. 13 of the present paper).
Globigerinella escheri clavata n. subsp. Plate 1, figs. 12, 13
Text figs. 24, 25, 26
Description—The test is similar to that of Globigerinella escheri
escheri, except that the end chamber, occasionally also the penultimate
one, is distinctly prolonged in radial direction, thus producing in
lateral view a broad ellipsoid, non-tapering outline. Text figure 26
shows a specimen with extremely long and compressed end chamber
determined here as Globigerinella aff. escheri clavata.
Text fig. 24. Globigerinella escheri clavata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos.
167518, 167519. Globotruncana lapparenti, s. |. zone, Upper Cretaceous.
All appr. X 80. (a,b) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
(c,d) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (e,f) Same
specimen, umbilical and apertural views. Holotype. T.L.L. Cat.
No. 167518.
Dimensions—The maximum diameter of the paratypes is from
0.225 mm. to 0.275 mm.
Holotype.—Globigerinella escheri clavata Bronnimann. T. L. L.
Cat. No. 167518. Text fig. 24e,f. All appr. & 80. Plate 1, figs. 12, 13.
Maximum diameter 0.238 mm. End chamber: radial diameter 0.11
50 BULLETIN 140 50
Text fig. 25. Globigerinella escheri clavata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos.
167518, 167519. Globotruncana lapparenti, s. |. zone, Upper Cretaceous.
All appr. X 80. (a,b) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
(c,d) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (e,f) Same
specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (g,h) Same specimen,
umbilical and apertural views. (i,k) Same specimen, in umbilical and
apertural views. (l,m) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
(n,o) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
mm.; tangential diameter 0.1 mm.; thickness 0.075 mm. Thickness
of first chamber of last volution 0.050 mm. Globotruncana lapparenti,
s. 1. zone, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W.I. Deposited in the
Cushman Collection, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone. Scarce.
Remarks——The subspecies differs from the central type by the
prolongation of the end chamber and by the non-tapering outline in
lateral view. Globigerina subdigitata (Carman, 1929, p. 315, pl. 34,
51 ‘TRIN@AD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN Sa
Text fig. 26 Globigerinella aff. escheri clavata Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat.
No. 167518. Globotruncana lapparenti s. 1. zone, Upper Cretaceous.
All appr. X 80. (a) Umbilical; (b) apertural view of same specimen
with extremely Icng end chamber.
fig. 5, non fig. 4), from the Niobrara formation of Wyoming displays
affinities to the subspecies clawata. “The Trinidad specimens, however,
have radially and not obliquely arranged chambers.
{?) Globigerinella tururensis n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 4, 5
Text fig. 27
Description.—The general outline of the only slightly compressed
and not very lobulate test is ellipsoid. “The semi-involute last volution
comprises 6 to 7 appressed chambers which are subglobular at first
then become distinctly laterally compressed. “The chambers increase
gradually in size, and the end chamber usually is considerably larger
and more compressed than the penultimate one. The large subcircular
umbilici are filled with matrix. The distinct sutures are straight but
their direction is oblique. The large, low arcuate aperture is ap-
parently situated in the equatorial plane at the base of the end cham-
ber. The walls are thin, finely perforate, and the surface is smooth.
Dimensions—The maximum diameter of the paratypes is from
0.225 mm. to 0.35 mm.
Holotype.—(?) Globigerinella tururensis Bronnimann. T. L. L.
Cat. Nos. 144455, 168920. ‘Text figs. 27a,b. All appr. & 80. Plate
1, figs. 4, 5. Maximum diameter 0.325 mm. Diameter of umbilicus
0.075 mm. End chamber: radial diameter 0.16 mm.; tangential
diameter 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.125 mm. Globotruncana apenninica
zone, Gautier formation, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I.
Deposited in the Cushman Collection, U. S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana apenninica zone, Gautier formation,
Upper Cretaceous. Common.
Remarks——The generic position of this species is not clear. For
the time being it is assigned to Globigerinella. At first glance it could
be taken as a deformed and compressed Globigerina gautierensis, which,
however, is ornamented with small pustules, especially on the early
52 BULLETIN 140 52
Text fig. 27. {?) Globigerinella fururensis Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos.
144455, 168920. Globotruncana apenninica zone, Gautier formation,
Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b) Same specimen, umbilical
and apertural views. Holotype. (¢,d) Same specimen, umbilical and
apertural views. (e,f) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
(g,h) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (i,k) Same
specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (l,m) Same specimen, umbili-
cal and apertural views.
chambers of the last volution.
The species is named after the Turure area, E. Central Range
where the type locality of the Gautier formation is situated.
Genus HASTIGERINELLA Cushman 1927
Subgenus HASTIGERINOIDES n. subgen.
_Diagnosis.—Test stellate, planispiral in the adult, possibly tro-
choidal in young stages. Chambers of adult subglobular to subglob-
ular-elongate, broadly rounded at the base, gradually tapering into
53 TRrinmAp CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 53
pointed outer ends. Aperture at base of end chamber, in equatorial
plane.
Subgenerotype.—Hastigerinoides alexanderi (Cushman), 1931,
Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contrib., 7: p. 87, pl. 11, figs. 6-9.
Holotype, figures 6a, 6b, and 6c. Road cut between two railroad
underpasses near the northern edge of the Town of Howe, Grayson
County, Texas. Yellowish, calcareous clay of Austin age, Upper
Cretaceous.
Remarks.—The new subgenus Hastigerinoides displays affinities
to the Middle Eocene genus Hantkenina (Aragonella), and to the
Cretaceous—Recent genus Hastigerinella. It differs from the stellate
subgenus dragonella by the elongate chambers which are subglobular
at the base and uniformly tapering toward pointed outer ends. Spines
of Hantkenina type, which are separated from the chambers proper,
are not developed in Hastigerinoides. Hastigerinella Cushman (1948,
p. 324) is defined by elongate, club-shaped adult chambers, with
spines limited to the outer ends. The adult chambers of Hastiaer-
inoides, on the other hand, are pointed, not club-shaped, at the outer
end. ‘The difference in the shape of the adult chambers is considered
to justify the splitting of the genus Hastigerinella Cushman into
Hastigerinella, s. s., with club-shaped adult chambers, and Hastiger-
inoides n. subgen. with pointed adult chambers.
Occurrence-—Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I. Upper
Cretaceous, Austin chalk, Texas.
Hastigerinoides alexanderi (Cushman) 1931 Text fig. 28
Hastigerinella alexanderi Cushman, 1931, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,
Contrib., 7: p. 87, pl. 11, figs. 6-9.
Description.—The fairly large stellate test is planispiral in the
adult and almost involute. “The last whorl consists of 5 to 6 chambers
which are subglobular at the base (bulbose), elongate, and tapering
gradually into pointed ends which as a rule are broken off. The
chamber lumina become canal-like toward the outer ends. Spines of the
Hantkenina type are not developed. In some individuals the early
chambers of the last whorl appear to be subglobular. The end
chambers are much elongate and laterally slightly compressed. The
shallow umbilici are generally concealed by matrix. The straight
sutures are well defined and slightly depressed. The aperture is a
low arched slit at the base of the end chamber, according to Cushman’s
description (1931, p. 87) with a very slight lip. The walls appear
to be thin and finely perforate. ‘The surface is smooth.
Dimensions —TJVhe maximum diameter of well-preserved tests
is from 0.325 mm. to 0.4 mm.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone. Scarce.
54
BULLETIN 140 54
Remarks.—The ‘Trinidad specimens are slightly smaller, but
otherwise agree completely with those described by Cushman from
the Austin chalk of Texas.
Text
fig. 28. Hastigerinvides alexanderi (Cushman). T.L.L. Cat. No.
1675t8, Globotruncana lapparenti, s. 1. zone, Upper Cretaceous. All
appr. X 80. (a,b) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views.
(c,d) Same specimen, umbilical and apertural views. (e-m) 8 different
specimens in umbilical view.
55 "Trinmap CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN = 55
Hastigerinoides rohri n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 8, 9
Text fig. 29
Description.—The small and regularly stellate test is planispiral
and semi-involute in the adult. It is possible that the early chambers
are arranged in a weak trochoidal spiral. The 5 elongate chambers
of the adult only slightly increase in size during growth, and not
much difference exists between the dimensions of the first and the
last chamber of the final volution. “The chambers are bulbose at the
base and tapering more or less gradually into pointed ends, which
as a rule are broken off. “The regular stellate arrangement of the
adult is a remarkable feature of this species. Deformations of the
test are rather common. ‘The shallow umbilici are usually filled
with matrix. Traces of subglobular earlier chambers can occasionally
be seen. The straight sutures are well defined and not much depressed.
The aperture was not clearly seen; it appears to be a low arcuate
opening at the base of the end chamber. ‘The walls are thin and
finely perforate. “The surface is smooth.
Dimensions.—TVhe max.mum diameter of the paratypes including
the elongate chambers varies from 0.2 mm. to 0.25 mm.
Holotype.—Hastigerinoides rohri Bronnimann. T.L. L. Cat.
Nos. 144455, 168920. Plate 1, figs. 8, 9. Maximum diameter 0.275
mm. Basal thickness of end chamber 0.075 mm. Thickness of
spine 0.030 mm. Radial length of average chamber 0.075 mm.
Globotruncana apenninica zone, Gautier formation, Upper Creta-
ceous, Trinidad, B. W.I. Deposited in Cushman Collection, U. S.
e
Text fig. 29. Hastigerinoides rohri Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 144455,
168920. Globotruncana apenninica zone, Gautier formation, Upper
Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. (a,b) Same specimen, umbilical and
apertural views. (c,d) Same specimen, umbilical and _ apertural
views. (e,f) 2 different specimens in umbilical view.
56 ; BULLETIN 140 56
National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana apenninica zone, Gautier forma-
tion, Upper Cretaceous. Rare.
Remarks.—This delicate species apparently is a forerunner of
[lastigerinoides alexanderi (Cushman), from which it differs by the
smaller test and by the regular stellate arrangement of the more or
less equal-sized and less é¢longate adult chambers.
This species is named for Dr. K. Rohr in’ recognition of his
outstanding contributions to the geology of Trinidad.
Genus TRINITELLA n. gen.
Diagnosis.—Test trochoidal, elongate in direction of end chamber.
Chambers truncate at apertural side, increasing in size as added (end
chamber about twice the size of the penultimate one), subglobular
in major portion of adult whorl, flattened at the spiral side and
peripherally keeled in the end stage. Chambers arranged in about
2 whorls, those of the last volution overlapped by the preceding ones.
Sutures on the spiral side curved in direction of coiling, those on the
umbilical side more or less straight to slightly curved backward.
Umbilicus large, subcircular, with fragments of covering plate along
truncate edges of chambers. Aperture large, elongate-arcuate, with
minute liplike projection leading into the umbilicus. Wall apparently
thick, surface coarsely rugose, especially in earlier chambers. Ornamen-
tation suggesting a variant of the meridional pattern of Rugoglo-
bigerina.
Generotype.—Trinitella scotti Bronnimann. Globotruncana maya-
roensis zone, Gsuayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous,
Trinidad, B. W. I.
Remarks.—The new genus Trinitella is monotypic and named
after Trinidad, B.W.I. It shows affinities to Rugoglobigerina
through the early Globigerina-like portion of the test and to Globo-
truncana through the keeled end chamber, flattened at the spiral side.
Trinitella, however, does not appear to be directly connected with
the highly evolved Globotruncanas of the Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone (Bolli, 1951) and thus is tentatively regarded to represent an
offshoot from Rugoglobigerina. The flattened and keeled end
stage and the overlapping chambers of the last volution easily dis-
tinguish Trinitella from Rugoglobigerina.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Common. Pos-
sibly also Globotruncana gansseri zone. (Guayaguayare beds, Maes-
trichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad, B. W. I.
57. TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN — 57
Trinitella scotti n. sp. Plate 4, figs. 4-6
Text fig. 30
Description.—The trochoidal test is small to medium-sized and
elongate in direction of the end chamber. The 5 to 6 chambers of the
adult volution are subglobular at first. They then become flattened at
the spiral side, forming a keel. ‘These new features pertain to the end
chamber, occasionally also to the 2 last ones. “The end chamber is
about twice as large as the penultimate one and elongate in radial
direction. About 2 whorls can be recognized on the spiral side. The
slightly depressed initial portion is not clearly exposed, and no informa-
tion regarding the arrangement of the early chambers can be obtained
due to the coarse rugosities or adhering matrix. “The umbilicus is
large, deep, subcircular, and probably provided with a delicate covering
plate. Only fragments of this plate are preserved along the border
of the umbilicus. The chambers are truncate toward the apertural
side and increase in size as added. Seen from the spiral side, each
adult chamber overlaps the next one. ‘The sutures on the spiral side,
therefore, are strongly curved in the direction of coiling. Those on the
umbilical side are deep and relatively straight to slightly curved
backward.
The arcuate apertures open into the umbilicus. “The walls seem
to be thick, and the surface, especially of the inner chambers, is
strongly rugose. The ornamentation appears to be of the meridional
pattern, although no central point was noted on the surface of the end
chamber.
The counted individuals are invariably dextrally coiling.
Dimensions—The longer diameter of the paratypes measures
from 0.27 mm. to 0.425 mm.
Holotype——Trinitella scotti Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos.
1§5591-155594. Text fig. 30a,b,c. All appr. & 80. Plate 4, figs. 4-6.
Maximum diameter 0.4 mm. Diameter of umbilicus 0.075 mm. End
chamber: radial diameter 0.2 mm., tangential diameter 0.225 mm.
Diameter of aperture 0.75 mm. Globotruncana mayaroensis zone,
Guayaguayare beds, Maestrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, ‘Trinidad,
B. W. I. Deposited in the Cushman Collection, U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C.
Occurrence.—Globotruncana mayaroensis zone. Frequent. Pos-
sibly also Globotruncana gansseri zone.
Remarks.—The initial portion of this form seems to be identical
with that of typical representatives of the rugosa-reicheli groups of
Rugoglobigerina.
It is named after E. Cooper Scott, former Chief Geologist of
Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd.
BULLETIN 140 58
nn
Le 2)
Text fig. 30. Trinitella scotti Bronnimann. T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594.
Globotruncana mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretace-
ous. All appr. X 80. (a,b,c) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and
apertural views. Holotype. (d,e,f) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral
and apertural views. (g,h,i) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and
apertural views. (k,lhm) Same specimen, umbilical, spiral and apertura!
views.
59 ‘TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN = 59
Albritton,
1937-
Applin, E.
1933.
Bolli, H.,
1944.
1950.
1951a.
1951b.
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60 BULLETIN 140 60
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61 TRINIDAD CRETACEOUS GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 61
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Senn, A.
1940. Paleogene of Barbados and its bearing on history and structure
of the Antillean-Caribbean region. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol,
Bull., 24(9): pp. 1548-1610.
Tappan, H.
1940. Foraminifera from the Grayson formation of northern Texas.
Jour. Paleont., 14: pp. 93-126.
1951. Northern Alaska index Foraminifera. Cushman Found. Foram.
Res., Contrib., 2(1): pp. 1-8.
Trechmann, C, T.
1941. Some observations on the geology of Antigua, West Indies. Geol.
Mag., 78(2): pp. 113-124, March-April.
Tromp, S. W.
1949. The determination of the Cretaceous-Eocene boundary by means
of quantitative, generic, microfaunal determination and the concep-
tion “Danian” in the Near East. Jour. Paleont., 23(6): pp. 673-676.
White, M. P.
1928. Some index Foraminifera of the Tampico Embayment area of
Mexico. Part 1. Jour. Paleont., 2(3): pp. 177-215.
Williams- Mitchell, E.
1948. The zonal value of Foraminifera in the Chalk of England. Geol.
Assoc., Proc., 59: pp. 91-109.
Young, K.
1951. Foraminifera and stratigraphy of the Frontier formation (Upper
Cretaceous), southern Montana. Jour. Paleont., 25(1): pp. 35-68,
pls. 11-14, 6 figs.
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BULLETIN 140 64
Explanation of Plate 1 (1)
Page
Globigerina gautierensis n. SP. ..........-.cece cece cece ceeees ihe
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 144455, 168920. Globotruncana apenninica
zone, Gautier formation, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 8o.
1, Spiral; 2, umbilical; 3, apertural view. Holotype.
(?)Globigerinella tururensis n. Sp. ...........-22-2eeeeeeeees 51
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 144455, 168920. Globotruncana apenninica
zone, Gautier formation, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80.
4, Umbilical; 5, apertural view. Holotype.
Globigerinella messinae messinae n. sp., n. subsp. ............ 42
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80.
6, Umbilical; 7, apertural view. Holotype.
Hastigerinoides rohriin. spi 06.420 ane ee ce ee 55
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 144455, 168920. Globotruncana apenninica
zone, Gautier formation, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80.
8, Umbilical; 9, apertural view. Holotype.
Globigerinella messinae subcarinata n. sp, n. subsp. ........ 44
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 8o.
10, Umbilical. 11, apertural view. Holotype.
Globigerinella escheri clavata n. sp., n. subsp. .............. 49
T.L.L. Cat. No. 167518. Globotruncana lapparenti s. 1.
zone, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80. 12, Umbilical;
13, apertural view. Holotype.
Pu. 1, Vou. 34 Buu. AMER. PALEONT. No. 140, Pu. 1
Pave 2 (2)
; FAS ty r
r
66
Figure
4-6.
1-9:
10-12.
BULLETIN 140
Explanation of Plate 2 (2)
66
Page
Rugoglobigerina macrocephala macrocephala n. sp., n. subsp. 25
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 8o.
1, Spiral; 2, Umbilical; 3, apertural view. Holotype.
Rugoglobigerina macrocephala ornata n. sp., n. subsp. ......
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 8o.
4, Spiral; 5, umbilical; 6, apertural view. Holotype.
Rugoglobigerina reicheli pustulata n. sp., n. subsp. ..........
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 8o.
7, Spiral; 8, umbilical; 9, apertural view. Holotype.
Rugoglobigerina reicheli hexacamerata n. sp., n. subsp. ......
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80.
ro, Spiral; 11, umbilical; 12, apertural view. Holotype.
27
20
23
PL. 2, Vou. 34
BuLuL. AMER. PALEONT.
No. 140, Pu.
1)
2
Figure
1-3.
4-6.
7-9.
10-12.
BULLETIN 140
Explanation of Plate 3 (3)
68
Page
Plummerella hantkeninoides hantkeninoides n. sp., n. subsp.
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 8o.
1, Spiral; 2, Umbilical; 3, apertural view. Holotype.
Plummerella hantkeninoides costata n. sp., n. subsp. ........
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. * 8o.
4, Spiral; 5, umbilical; 6, apertural view. Holotype.
Plummerella hantkeninoides inflata n. sp., n. subsp. ........
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 8o.
7, Spiral; 8, umbilical; 9, apertural view. Holotype.
Rugoglobigerina reicheli reicheli n. sp., n. subsp. ............
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 8o.
10, Spiral; 11, umbilical; 12, apertural view. Holotype.
37
39
40
18
Buu. AMER. PALEONT. No. 140, Pu. 3
ihe
Be he
ae one
70 BULLETIN 140 70
Explanation of Plate 4 (4)
Figure Page
1-3. Rugeglobigerina rugosa pennyi n. sp., n. subsp. ............ 34
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80.
1, Spiral; 2, Umbilical; 3, apertural view. Holotype.
4-65) -Erinitella gscottl nsSps Geadenc Joe eee Oe Coe 57
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80.
4, Spiral; 5, umbilical; 6, apertural view. Holotype.
7-9. Rugoglobigerina rugosa rotundata n. sp., n. subsp. .......... 34
T.L.L. Cat. Nos. 155591-155594. Globotruncana mayaroensis
zone, Guayaguayare beds, Upper Cretaceous. All appr. X 80.
7, Spiral; 8, umbilical; 9, apertural view. Holotype.
Pu. 4, VOL. 3 BuLuL. AMER. PALEONT. No. 140, Pu. 4
BULLETINS
AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY
VOL. XXXIV
RIBS. E8%mP. ZUG. |
LIBRARY |
'
| AUG 12 1952!
NUMBER 141 | ours
1952
Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca, New York
.o. A.
BULLETINS
OF
AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
ae
Vol. 34
MBS. CORP. 260,
a EE LIBRARY |
UG 12 1952 |
No. 141 :
pager”
Bey
CONCERNING ENOPLOURA OF THE
UPPER ORDOVICIAN AND ITS RELATION
TO OTHER CARPOID ECHINODERMATA
By
Kenneth E. Caster
University of Cincinnati
August 4, 1952
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION
ITHACA, NEw York
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CONTENTS
Page
JANIDRGTENETE Oiroiel oldlol 0 Cacao gio Oieotcin ac Eee ee eC ae RCN Ines Eas tee ols Seine 5
nyeR@vahoeerne - c:peh Sebo ep aS SEE Oe Et Oe IE Ite ee et asic cic ais Sct osee 5
SUSLEMI A CICS HMR acrer Cas ahe ate cache Note ry aliens) eve XA Gen wo SUS sia eM ATE ee ROT 9
Genus Lio plounae Nether byes 7 OMe ca nas oc ccm ic eee eee ie ee 9
DISCUSS OM em uy Nest cP eietar oon hake cchh heehee) sucneke er GUE gle eas eles oooh claceen eens 16
Genus; Bassleraay sms. Caster I ely of yes tase c ee se aa ienele eae 21
OxdermMitrataw |iaekelMerouS tec. «hale oo Moe Sala once cr oo ase s reer 26
Key to the families and sub-families of the Mitrata ............... 26
SPECICS MO LMUE IZOD LOU CEO a. an eons Cire nie enor Ne eccic Steins eee 27
EOD LOU mC alanordesm (Nice) mee tines On Soe On cen eee ere 28
Eqiop oun a@encnusiaceman (raeckell\i ta ooo eee ee 30
alvin pliGrUiE (CA The Gh cooddososssoochsdusunebesdouce 32
EODLOUL CEE POPCURCASLEL RIVES Don ans Gee eee ernie oe ee 34
EO PIOUT den UECCRPECASEEY: oDS GSP he aap hoe ak inne Tel Se.s Se tea 39
KEENE HAN EZ AUL OM GPE eet OL te NPT NN Te thes ee os ee ita SOA WAS cde SS IE ORAS 39
ANG SOR EC ANON SiMe Orie OOO COD SE AO SOS oe oe aS oh ees ree 43
Werte GURCME CIT Cum eG ar ets (Resta sca eo nceseh 287 OMA MNS meri eer se ClaRoT Amie meee 44
PUNE Siero wtb Rae rei ORS COE eRe DORR eee as etic ce cat GEMS een ae ene 47
Plate 1, Enoploura popei Caster, n. sp., holotype, opposite ............ 48
Plate 2, Enoploura crustacea, E. balanoides, E. wetherbyi, opposite .... 50
Plate: 3,2 zoploura poppet. paratypes; OPPOsite® =.= -\2i1,. 26> «+ <2: .nece agers 52
Plate 4, Enoploura popei, paratypes, E. meeki Caster, n. sp., opposite ... 54
Text figure 1, Morphology of Enoploura popei Caster, n. sp. .........- II
Hextaicures2 5 Comparisons of carpoidmgenera esac ace a 29
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CONCERNING ENOPLOURA OF THE
UPPER ORDOVICIAN AND ITS RELATION
TO OTHER CARPOID ECHINODERMATA
KENNETH E. CASTER
University of Cincinnati
ABSTRACT
An essentially complete calyx of the problematical carpoid
echinoderm, Enoploura Wetherby, from the Upper Ordovician of the
Cincinnati, Ohic, area, proves the genus to be valid and illustrates a
new pattern of mitrate carpoid organization. “The genus is redefined,
the species reviewed, and three new species described (E. popez, F.
meeki, and E. wetherbyi). In connection with a reorganization of the
Carpoidea Mitrata, on the basis of the implications in the morphology
of Enoploura, one new genus (Basslerocystis), one new family
(Placocystidae), six new sub-families (Placocystinae, Enoplourinae,
Placocystellinae, Basslerocystinae and Lagynocystinae) and four new
sub-orders (Mitrocystida, Lagnocystida, Anomalocystida and Placo-
cystida) are proposed.
INTRODUCTION
In the spring of 1951 two specimens of the rare echinoderm,
usually referred to the species described by Meek (1872) as Anomalo-
cystites (Ateleocystites?) balanoides, were discovered near Cincinnati.
Ohio. They came from the Corryville member of the Maysville
subseries. This is in the Cincinnatian series, or Upper Ordovician.
No specimens of this species have been reported in print since 1879
when Wetherby reviewed the species and described the genus
Enoploura for it. The new material, in preserving a nearly complete
set of thecal plates and a pair of rigid brachia, greatly supplements
knowledge of the genus. It also reveals structures which confirm
Wetherby’s observations on the morphology of the extraordinary
peduncle (despite his mistaken interpretation of it). It develops from
1 The term “peduncle” is preferable to “stem” or “column” in referring to
the posterior appendage of the carpoids. Despite Jaekel’s (1900, 1918) and
Bather’s (1900) impressions and interpretations, this echinoderm group seems
to have been eleutherozoic throughout its history; certainly during its fossil
record. The peduncle is, like the rest of the body, a bilateral structure and
does not appear to have served either in ontogeny or phylogeny as a stem
for fixation; it may have been a counterbalance or even have had a loco-
motor function (Kirk, 1911).
6 BULLETIN I41 76
these new data that the Enoploura organization requires the recogni-
tion of a new sub-family of Carpoidea.
The first-discovered specimen is an incomplete calyx (Plate 1,
figs. 4-6) which preserves the articulated peduncle and its structures
very well. Mr. Stanley Schweinfurth, geology student at the Univer-
sity of Cincinnati, found. it at Tower Lake, an artificial pond on the
north side of Harrison Avenue, near Dent, Ohio. This is on the
outskirts of Cheviot, a Cincinnati suburb. The second specimen is
truly remarkable; it preserves the calyx nearly intact, thus for the
first time showing the arrangement of the thecal plates in the genus;
moreover, the pedunculate structures are amazingly well preserved.
It was found by Mr. John K. Pope, geology student at Harvard
University and assiduous “Dry Dredger” in Cincinnati. It comes
from the middle Corryville beds in Stonelick Creek, Clermont County,
Ohio. A new species, based on this specimen (Plate 1, figs. 1-3), is
named in Pope’s honor. Both specimens are deposited in the Univer-
sity of Cincinnati Museum. Four additional specimens pertaining to
the genus have been borrowed for study from the U. S. Nationai
Museum.
Enoploura balanoides has remained since 1879 one of the least
known and more enigmatic fossils of the Cincinnatian. The original
description (Meek, 1873) was based on two crushed fragments (Piate
2, figs. 7-9) collected by the amateur geologist, G. W. Harper, from
the “upper part of the hills at Cincinnati.”” Wetherby (1879) iden-
tified this horizon as ‘‘350 feet above the low water of the Ohio
River.” Bassler (1906, p. 8) and Lucy Braun (1916, opp. p. 42)
gave the “low water’ level of the Ohio in the pre-dam period as 432
ft. A. T. According to their figures, the McMillan formation (upper
Maysville) occupies the zone between 460 ft. and 375 ft. This
formation is divided into the Mt. Auburn beds which outcrop (hiil
tops, Cincinnati) between 425 ft. and 460 ft. above “low water’;
the Corryville member from 390 to 425 ft.; and the Bellevue beds
from 375 to 390 ft. The Fairview formation (lower Maysville) comes
between 375 ft. and 280 ft. The upper member of the Fairview, the
Fairmount or “Hill Quarry” beds occupies the interval from 325 to
375 ft.; the Mt. Hope member from 280 to 325 ft. Thus it is difficult
to understand how Bassler in 1915 (p. 88) arrived at the stratigraphic
designation of this species as “Maysville (Corryville), Cincinnati.
Ohio and vicinity,” when his own (1905) figures indicate that the
350 foot level could be no higher than the Fairmount member (‘Hill
Quarry Beds”). This level comes at about the middle of the Fair-
mount member. JBassler’s age-assignment is the more curious when
the published history of all the previously known specimens of “Eno-
ploura balanoides’”’ is reviewed.
The only specimen, other than the holotype, which came from
what may rightfully be called the “vicinity of Cincinnati’? is one
77 Upper OrpoviciIAN ENOPLOURA: CASTER 7
attributed by Dr. Wetherby (1879) to George Vallandingham, an-
other amateur collector. This one came, according to Wetherby from
“about 400 feet above the river,” a figure which would place it in the
McMillan formation, certainly, and probably in the Corryville meni-
ber. Unfortunately, nothing is known of the morphology of this
specimen, which would be of particular interest in view of the two
new Corryville specimens which are the motivation of this paper.
But Wetherby (1879, 1879A) was chiefly concerned with new
Richmondian specimens. ‘These he referred to Meek’s balanoides, but
it was the additional data furnished by this material that led him to
create a new generic assignment for the species. All of these materials
were found at a considerable distance (30-40 miles) from Cincinnati
and in horizons indisputably high in the Richmond. He credits
A. J. Newton, a collector of Richmond, Indiana, with a specimen
from that city, found in “the upper part of the Hudson River Group,”
i. e., uppermost Ordovician. This was probably from the Whitewater
(perhaps Saluda member) or Elkhorn formation. This is the specimen
(or Wetherby’s illustration of it, 1879A, figs. 1d, 1e, 1f) which Bather
(1900) (see below) used as the basis for Haeckel’s (1896) species
Placocystis crustacea (Plate 2, figs. 3-5).
W. J. Patterson of Oxford, Ohio, contributed another Rich-
mondian specimen (Wetherby, 1879A, fig. 1g) which Haeckel (and
Bather) questioningly attributed to crustacea (Plate 2, fig. 6). Most
remarkable, however, of all hitherto described material, and the real
basis for Wetherby’s creation of the genus Enoploura, was a unique
example (Plate 2, figs. 10-12) found by Wetherby himself (Enoploura
wetherbyi Caster, n. sp.) which Haeckel also referred to his new
species, but which Bather (1900) referred back to EF. balanoides.
This came from Osgood, Indiana. He judged the horizon to be
about the same as that of the specimen found by Newton in Rich-
mond, Indiana. The Osgood specimen (Wetherby, 1879A, figs. 1, 1a,
ib) preserved most of the peduncle and revealed a structure so
unexpected and non-cystidian that Wetherby was convinced Meek
had been mistaken in assigning his species to the echinoderms. Con-
sequently, Enoploura was proposed as a new genus of the Crustacea,
based on Meek’s species*. Woodward (1880), representing the “‘pro-
fessionals,” reacted vigorously to this idea. It was not so much the
idea, as the place of its origin that seemed to incense them. Although
Woodward denied this pro-professional attitude, one can still read its
2
* The status of the rules of zoological nomenclature and insight into the
taxonomic ethics of that time are nicely revealed by Wetherby’s (1879,
p. 164) admitted generosity: “While the removal of this fossil from the
Cystidea to the Crustacea, under a new class and genus, would be found
sufficient excuse by many writers, under cover of which to plunder this
eminent author of his species, I shall retain his expressive name, and leave
the species to his credit.”
8 BULLETIN I4I 78
presence in his personal advice to Dr. Wetherby®. To the Eastern
Seaboard geologists and paleontologists the names of the Cincinnati
school of publishing amateurs were anathema, and it is most likely
that Dr. Woodward’s censorious remarks and aspersions were much
enjoyed in Albany, Boston, New Haven and New York, if, indeed,
they were not inspired there.
The subsequent neglect of Enoploura was no doubt materially
conditioned by this attack on its author by the eminent Woodward.
It now develops that the aspersions cast on Wetherby’s powers of
observation, and the suggestion (Woodward, p. 201) that the ped-
uncular structures which he described were not in life-association with
the “cystoid” calyx, were quite unwarranted. Wetherby seems to
have been the first to call attention to the anomalous structure now
known, on the basis of later European discoveries, as the styloid process
or stylocone. (Note, for example, the complete absence of any mention
of this structure in Haeckel, 1896.) He was also probably the first
to express dissatisfaction with the customary inclusion of the bilateral
“cystoid” echinoderms in the Cystidea, although he went too far and
removed them from the echinoderms completely. The physiotogical
implications inherent in the structures he observed certainly did not
fit into any concept of the cystidean Echinodermata then current. In
all probability the Carpoidea did live in a manner much more analog-
cus to the vagrant Crustacea than to static Pelmatozoa.
In retrospect, Wetherby’s really remarkable acuity merits admira-
Writing (1880, pp. 200, 201) of Wetherby’s allocating his new genus to
the Crustacea-instead of the Cystidea Woodward said: “Every point about
Ateleocystites (=Enoploura) agrees with the known characters of this singular
cystidean family (Anomalocystidae), and no one who has studied them atten-
tively can doubt the propriety of the determinations of MM. James Hall,
FE. Billings, De Koninck, and F. B. Meek, as regards the zoological position
in which they should be placed. Professors James Hall, De Koninck and
myself have had the good fortune to see and study more perfect specimens
than those which were placed in the hands of Messrs. Meek and Billings,
but it is all the greater honour to these latter savans that they rightly inter-
preted the fragmentary remains which came under their notice for description.
“T am the last person who would insist merely upon the dictum of
recognized scientific authority, and I beg to assure Prof. Wetherby (whom I
have not the pleasure personally to know) that I have no desire to detract
from his work by any word of mine; but I may be permitted to suggest that
hasty publication, with a view to obtaining “‘pricrity,’ may have caused hini
in this instance to overlook the importance of first becoming thoroughly
acquainted with the subject before him. None but those who have spent
their lives in scientific research know the piles of “chaff which every careful
worker has to winnow away before he can arrive at the substratum of really
good “grain” beneath.
“Tf Prof. Wetherby desires his work to stand, he must be prepared not
cply to hunt up carefully the bibliography of his subject, but also to
understand more thoroughly the class characters of these difficult Paleozoic
forms before attempting, on very imperfect materials, to correct older and
more experienced labourers in Paleontology.” .
79 Upper Orpovician ENopLouraA: CASTER 9
tion. Moreover, considering the taxonomic vicissitudes of the carpoids
at the hands of the “professionals” in the last seventy years, Wether-
by’s crustacean theory now seems less impressively fantastic, clearly
wrong though he was. Following Wetherby’s lead, Haeckel (1896)
made a strong point of the crustaceous aspect of the ‘“Anomocystida,”
both in appearance and probable habits.
SYSTEMATICS
The new categories of classification shown below, prior to the
listing of the genus Enoploura, are defined under the ensuing discus-
sion of the genus.
Class CARPOIDEA Jaekel, 1900
Order MITRATA Jaekel, 1918
Sub-order PLACOCYSTIDA Caster, n. sub-order
Family PLACOCYSTIDAE Caster, n. family
Sub-family ENOPLOURINAE Caster, n. sub-family
Genus ENOPLOURA Wetherby, 1879, emend.
Type species —Anomalocystites (Ateleocystites?) balanoides Meek.
Based on two specimens from the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. ‘The
stratigraphic horizon, as explained in the Introduction, is judged to be
in the Fairmount member (“Hill Quarry beds’) of the Fairview
formation (Maysville sub-series); Upper Ordovician (Cincinnatian
series). (See Plate 2, figs. 7-9, the holotype.)
Anomalocystites Hall, Meek, F. B., 1872, Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 3(3):
P. 423; 1873, Ohio Geol. Survey, Paleont. Ohio, 1, pt. 2:p. 41; Miller,
S. A., 1889. North Amer. Geol. and Paleont., p. 224 (pars).
Enoploura Wetherby, A. G., 1879, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour., 1,
No. 4, p. 163; 1879, Idem., z, No. 1: pl. 7, figs. 1, 1a-g; Jaekel, O.,
1900, Deut. Geol. Gesell., Zeits., 52:p. 668; Bather, F. A., 1900,
Treatise on Zoology, pt. 3, p. 51.
Ateleocystites Billings, Woodward, H., 1880, Geol. Mag., 7 (dec. 2):
p. 194 (pars); Bassler, R. S., 1915, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull., no. 92,
p. 88 (pars).
Placocystis de Koninck, Haeckel, E., 1896, Festschr. z. Siebenzigsten
Geburtstage v. C. Gegenbaur, Bd. 1, pp. 39-40, Leipzig (pars).
Generic analysis—A composite generic analysis follows. This
is largely based on new material from the Corryville formation of the
Cincinnati area which shows for the first time the details of the
distal calicinal plates, a clue as to the nature of the distal appendages,
and substantiates Wetherby’s description of the structure of the
peduncle.
General anomalocystid traits —Pleuronect, pedunculate eleuthero-
zoic echinoderms; characteristically carpoid, i. e., non-radial, compres-
sed, and of grossly bilateral symmetry. Calyx subrectangular, longer
ite) BULLETIN I41 So
than wide; compressed dorso-ventrally* (morphologically left-right) ;
dorsal carapace (right) convex; plastron (left) concave; sides axially
arcuate and nearly vertical, making almost a right-angle with the
carapace, but less than this with the plastron, due to its concavity.
Peduncle segmented, proximally swollen, and inserted in a deep
emargination of the calyx.
Two delicate, apparently unsegmented, spines or “arms’’ articulate
at the anterior plastron corners.
The calyx is comprised principally of 28 large plates, and twe
tiny interbasals (7b); the disposition of the plates is shown in text
Figure 1. There are six ponderous lateral marginals (alm, mlm,
plm) ; these cover a large marginal area of the plastron and geniculate
to form the pleural walls, against the dorsal edges of which the lateral
carapace plates abut. The largest plates of the dorsal carapace are
three adcolumnals (basals) which may cover nearly half the dorsal
area. ‘The lateral adcolumnals (Jac) are joined to the large median
adcolumnal (mac) by anteriorly divergent sutures. An arcuate median
row of four epicentral plates lies in front of the adcolumnals; the
lateral plates of this series (m1 and m4) meet the lateral adcolumnals
at the suture between the posterior lateral marginals (p/m) and the
median lateral marginals (mlm). Usually the median adcolumnal
extends forward of this position, excavately to meet the epibasals or
median plates (m2 and m3). Anterior to the median row is found an
arcuate row of plates comprised of a lateral pair of anterior marginal
somatics (/am),. and three adtegmenal marginals (atm), the central
one of which is apparently the correlate of the ““M”’ plate of Bather’s
(1900, p. 50) plate nomenclature. An additional pair of large adteg-
menal plates, the axillaries or sub-brachials (ax), cover the anterior
corners of the carapace and at their outer corners participate in the
articulatory facet of the spinous brachioles.
The ventral plastron is excavated toward the center from the
angular peripheral geniculation of the lateral marginal plates; more
so toward the front where the surfaces are truly convexo-concave;
4 Some confusion exists in the literature with respect to ‘‘dorsal” and
“ventral” in the heterosteles. This is understandable, since the two sides
so distinguished are technically, apparently, right and left by comparative
morphology (Bather, 1900). In this paper the terms “carapace,’ for the
convex side, and “flastron,” for the concave, are preferred. Moreover, the
up-side in life was apparently the convex one, and hence “‘dorsal” in terms
of commonplace terminology; the down-side the concave one, and hence
“ventral.” Hall (1859), and the older writers in general, often used “anteal”
and “‘posteal” for the concave and convex sides, respectively, of the ‘“anomalo-
cystids,” based, no doubt, on a different concept as to the morphologic direction
of the calicinal flattening. Furthermore, the habitus (ws. phylogenetic)
“right” and “left” have often been confused in describing the carpoids.
Since the flat or concave side was down in life, and was functionally the
venter, the right side of the venter lies on the left side of the customarily
oriented views of the ventral surface. The irregularity in the somatic plates
of the mitrates lies on the rig/t, not the left, side.
$1 Upper OrpoviciaN ENopLOURA: CASTER ot
adjacent to the peduncle the basal ventral plates rise to a low. axial
convexity. Corresponding in position to two anteriorly converging
carinae on the internal surfaces of the ventral medial plates, a con-
spicuous furrowing occurs on the ventral surface from the posterior
lateral angles to about the mid-point of the large central (hypocentral )
plate. This delimits a very characteristic depressed isosceles triangular
area in this genus and certain other mitrate carpoids. ‘The posterior
ventral margin is deeply and arcuately emarginate for the peduncle
insertion. This margin of the plastron is strengthened by a raised
flange.
Fig. 1. Two views of the holotype of Encploura popei Caster, n. sp.
demonstrating the nomenclature of the carapace plates. Left figure represents
the concave side or plastron; right figure the convex side, or carapace. The
broken lines show the position of the anteriorly converging carinae on the
inner surface of the plastron. 4, irregular hypocentral (‘‘anomalocystid”’)
plate; alm, anterior lateral marginals; am, right and left adtegmenals;
ax, axillaries, or sub-brachials; bm, medial adcolumnals or basal median
plates; br, brachiole; cs, hypocentral, epibasal or central somatic plate;
ib, interbasal plates; L, left side; Jac, lateral adcolumnals; Jam, |fateral
anterior marginal somatics; M, dorsal median adtegmenal plate; m1, m2, m3,
m4, dorsal epibasals, or median somatic (epicentral) plates; mac, median
adcolumnals; mam, median adtegmenal plates; mlm, median lateral mar-
ginals; ms, median somatic or hypocentral plate; f/m, posterior lateral
marginals; pf, peduncular or styloid process (stylocone); R, right side.
Drawings by Anneliese S. Caster.
12 BULLETIN 141 $2
About one-third of the venter is shielded by the plastron surface
of the lateral marginal plates; the posterior pair (f/m) are sub-equai
in size and form wedges at the adcolumnar angles. heir surface is
gently rounded, and they are generally securely and obscurely sutured
to the pair of median basal plates (4m) or true adcolumnals. The
median lateral marginals: (mlm) are also subequal and descend at
about a 45° angle from the margins to meet the nearly flat-lying
hypocentral, epibasal, or central somatic plate (cs), with which thev
are loosely sutured. Their ventral surface is almost a plane. The
anterior lateral marginals (a/m) are unequal in size, due to the
intercalation of the irregular hypocentral (4) plate (‘“anomalocystid
plate’) between the right marginal and the central plate.
A pair of large basal marginal or adcolumnal plates (6m) occupy
on the venter about the same area as the median basal plate on the
dorsum. ‘These together form a basally emarginate trapezoid. The
obscure sutures between these plates and the posterior lateral marginals
lie laterad of the convergent furrows, which are always conspicuous on
these forms and easily mistaken for the lateral sutures. The median
suture is usually obscure, also, and the greatest (albeit low) convexity
of the central plastron lies along it. On the front margin are found
three adtegmenal plates (am, mam).
The so-called “somatic plates’ or hypocentral plates are three:
a large central plate (cs) is quite the most conspicuous plate of the
plastron, both for its size and anterior asymmetry; the latter is due
either to the crowding in of the irregular plate (4), or the absorption.
without visible sign, of a complement to the 4 plate at the front left
of the central plate. The irregular plate (4) is a conservative char-
acteristic of many mitrate genera, whereas the second hypocentral,
which is the third, or median, somatic plate (ms), and lies in axial
series with the median adtegmenal plate (mam), is apparently a pr.mi-
tive plate. It is commonly lost in the more advanced carpoids. ‘he
sutures around the median somatic plate are unusually crinkled and
open, suggesting that there may have been actual (ostial?) penetration
to the interior cavity around this plate.
Two deltoid interbasal (7b) plates fit between the plastron and
carapace plates at the basal angles of the plastron side. These plates
have hitherto been reported only in the Bohemian M7trocystella
(Chauvel, 1941). In view of the generally primitive nature of both
genera possessing these small intercalated plates in the basal series,
it is probable that a hexabasal plan is to be accounted for in all
carpoids, instead of the tetrabasal scheme which Jaekel (1918)
originally postulated. The interbasals are often inconspicuous, and
easily misconstrued as a sutural wrinkle.
‘The brachioles were paired and apparently of the spinous, rigid
Placocystis type, as suggested by the proximal portion of the only one
83 Upper Orpovician ENopLouraA: CASTER 13
known. The base of the brachiole fragment is slightly expanded, and
the facet of attachment is at the junction of the antero-lateral marginal
plates (alm), the anterior adtegmenals (am) and the axillary plates
(ax) of the carapace. “They seem to have been ventral in functional
position, however.
The tegmenal area is arcuate and rather restricted due to close
approximation of carapace and plastron anteriorly; tegmenal cover
unknown, but one specimen from the Indiana Ordovician (Plate 2,
figs. 1, 2) shows many small polygonal plates scattered about this
region, suggesting the nature of the cover. Possibly the M plate
(dorsal median adtegmenal) or an adjacent tegmenal, served as an
operculum. The “JZ” plate appears to have borne axial furrows on
its inner anterior surface in the Mitrocystis manner, as suggested by
the same Indiana specimen cited above (Plate 2, fig. 2). Neither the
mouth nor the anus is known, but since there are no calicinal perfora-
tions which might serve these functions, they were presumably both
tegmenal in position. If not, then the anus (or mouth, Chauvel, 1941)
may have been posteriorly located, although this is viewed as unlikely.
With respect to the latter possibility, although no apertures can be
seen, one might be concealed: a) at the ventral median contact of
carapace and peduncle (where Haeckel, 1896, imagined it in FE. crusta-
cea); and (b) proximad of the “anchor structure’ (stylocone process)
on the median peduncle venter. ‘There may have been no functional
anus in adulthood (Jaekel, 1918).
The calicinal prosopon consists in E. popei and most other species
of a general finely granular surface and delicate microscopic porelike
structures. [he latter are easily seen in the Pope specimen due to
pyrite fillings. They are abundant and generally distributed. The
granular surface is coarser on the concave plastron, but this may be
due to erosion on the higher parts of the carapace. ‘The pleurae of
the posterior lateral marginal plates and the contiguous adcolumnals
(lac) of the carapace carry the transverse undulatory grooves and
ridges seen in Ateleocystites and most other carpoids. However, these
do not appear to extend onto the median adcolumnal plate (mac).
Where this ornament exists, the fine porelike structures are aligned in
the grooves between the ridges. All of the carapace plates in front
of the median series (1-4) are conspicuously and coarsely pitted.
The circular pits are apparently not cystoid pores or pore-wells, nor
do they contain pores or connect with canals penetrating the crystalline
calcite of the plates. No pitting of this nature has been observed on
the ventral surface, although being more coarsely granular than the
dorsal surface, the pitting may be thereby concealed. Or again, absence
of granulation and/or coarse pitting on the most convex area of the
carapace may be due to abrasion. In one of the paratypes of E. popei,
(Pl. 1, figs. 4-6) the ornamental traits of other species are much exag-
gerated, despite the smaller size of the specimen. Here as can be
14 BULLETIN 141 ‘ 84
seen on Plate 3, figures 4-6, the pitting takes on a labyrinthine char-
acter which is most reminiscent of the ornament on the bony plates of
the primitive armoured fishes of the Paleozoic, such as the antiarch
Bothriolepis, for example.
The peduncle is gross, about half the length of the carapace; it is
compressed ovate in proximal section, distally tapering, and dorsally
sharply recurved; the tail end, apparently short and held aloft, seems
to have been directed forward in life. The proximal part of the
peduncle is made up of serial annular laminations, each of which is
derived from the fusion of what appear to be four elements (tetrameres
rather than dimeres as postulated in other carpoids). There are two
dersal and two ventral elements with sutures in the mid-dorsum, mid-
pleurae, and mid-venter. The dorsal and lateral sutures represent
end-on fusion of the tetramere elements, whereas most of the ventral
elements overlap in alternate series, forming a zigzag suture. The
lateral suture is fused at the lateral angles. The paired ventral laminae
o: the expanded peduncle recurve anteriorly to overlap on the median
line and form a series of chevrons of which the anterior “V’’s, how-
ever, are made by en-echelon overlap; similar angular recurving of the
peduncular elements occurs on the pleurae, though less pronouncedly
and without overlap and alternation. From the mid-venter through
the pleural angles the elements are sharply carinate and apparently
tightly fused. The dorsal elements are rounded and ringlike. The
first impression is that of a series of axially overlapping and articu-
lating somites, arranged much as in the rhachis of a trilobite. In life,
the proximal peduncle was presumably flexible. The crest of each
ventral lamella continues as a rounded thickening on the dorsum;
the dorsal ccrrelates of the angular inter-annular spaces of the venter
are largely filled with transversely wrinkled calcareous material, which,
despite its low relief on the surface, is much the thickest portion of
each calcareous ring. The wrinkling is deepest adjacent to the mid-
dorsal suture. “Thus the proximal peduncle cover was in no sense a
fragile structure; instead, it was a heavily armoured body area.
The most characteristic generic and probably familous trait of the
group is a curious bifoliate peduncular ‘‘process,” or exaggerated stylo-
cone plate, which is inserted on the mid-ventral suture distad of the
swollen portion of the peduncle. This styloid structure forces the
paired ventral peduncle plates apart, and crowds them and the dorsals
to a restricted dorsal position. Apparently the main “process” is com-
prised of the indistinguishably fused elements of two serial ventral
median insertions. “They are an extraneous element in the peduncle
and do not originate by the fusion of the paired ventral peduncular
elements, and may be a relic of a fifth element which once participated
in the formation of the peduncle. If so, this is a unique relic in the
carpoids of a pentaradial condition. From a massive, anteriorly pro-
jecting and axially striated arcuate platform, which passes beneath the
85 Upper OrpoviciAaNn ENOPLOURA: CASTER 15
ventral plates, two very prominent, ploughsharelike, transverse blades
protrude ventrad and laterad. Where the plates protrude the process
is massively calcareous and appears to fill completely the whole axis ot
the peduncle, but a restricted lumen may pass dorsally over the stylo-
cone. ‘The anterior blade, which is somewhat anchor-shaped, is peri-
pherally, and especially ventrally, recurved toward the front. It 1s
medially subacuminate, and its posterior median section is strengthened
by an inconspicuous axial thickening. The second transverse blade
emerges without any detected suture; it is lower and more transverse.
and less anchorlike in form. It descends nearly vertically and is less
acuminate medially; its edge is granular. Behind these two “‘process”’
blades, analogous, but non-transverse, ventral insertions continue
serially, possibly (though doubtfully) to the end of the peduncle.
Five such are known. These may be mid-ventrally keeled (£. crusta-
cea) or terminate in a simple mid-ventral spine (E. pope), depending
apparently on the species. “They are, however, separated from the
“‘process” and from each other by sutures, and decrease in size distally.
Behind the bifoliate “process” the peduncle is sharply recurved
dorsally ; thus the ventral median insertions assume a radiate arrange-
ment. The distal dorsal elements of the peduncle become much
reduced and abortive. Apparently the actual distal termination has
never been seen. “The lumen of the proximal part of the peduncle is
very large.
Generic attributes would seem to comprise the number and _ ar-
rangement of the plates of the calyx, rigid arms, general plan of the
peduncle, and especially the bifoliate arrangement of the styloid process
and presence of median peduncular insertions distad of the process
itself. The granular and labyrinthine surface ornament, in addition
to the general carpoid rugosities, is also, presumably, a generic char-
acteristic.
Specific traits may be either of a general or of a restricted nature.
Relative sizes of the calyx plates, ornamental details, relative convexi-
ties and concavities of the theca, dimensions, etc., are specific variables.
Likewise details of the peduncle. Unfortunately, due to the incomplete
nature of the usual fossil materials of the genus, the proximal mor-
phology has grown to have maximum value for specific differentiation.
How far these restricted details are to be relied upon can be deter-
mined only when further discoveries of the distal structures of both
calyx and peduncle have been made. Most current species, in fact,
are based on materials which do not preserve any vestige of the highly
important peduncle.
The genus Enoploura is represented by five species, two of which
are described as new in this paper. “These appear not to overlap in
range, with the possible exception of two previously described from
near the top of the Richmond series, the precise formation not yet
having been established.
16 BULLETIN 141 86
Range.—So far the genus has been positively identified only in
the Upper Ordovician deposits exposed on the crest of the Cincinnati
Arch in the states of Ohio and Indiana. ‘The stratigraphic distribution
of the species is as follows:
Richmond subseries
Whitewater forfnation |) E. crustacea (Haeckel)
(incl. Saluda) and
Elkhorn formation J. E. wetherbyi Caster, n. sp.
Liberty formation
Waynesville formation FE. meeki Caster, n. sp.
Arnheim formation
Maysville subseries
Mt. Auburn formation
Corryville formation E. popei Caster, n. sp.
Bellevue formation
Fairmount formation E. balanoides (Meek), type
DISCUSSION
Comparisons —The above data substantially alter all previous
ideas on the organization of the genus Enoploura. So long as the
distal theca was unknown and the peduncular: details, first demon-
strated by Wetherby (1879), were discredited (Woodward, 1880),
such a fanciful lustration as Haeckel’s (1896, p. 40, figs. 1, 2) of
Placocystis (=Enoploura) crustacea was tacitly accepted. Haeckel had
been misled, of course, by the flexible brachia of Pleurocystis which he
considered to. be related to the group now known as carpoids; thus he
assumed that such arms prevailed. It is not clear, however, just what
genus served as inspiration for his distal restoration of the thecal plates.
cit any rate, his historic predictions are now proven false.
Enoploura, as now understood, conforms to the broad characteri-
zation of the family Anomalocystidae as used by Bather (1900, p. 49)
which was elevated to ordinal rank as the Mitrata by Jaekel (1918).
Of ordinal importance is the possession of a flattened calyx, one side
of which is concave and the opposite convex; both being framed by
common lateral marginal plates. As in other genera of the class, the
plastron plates are fewer in number than those of the carapace. The
so-called “somatic plates” (within the border) of the plastron are
asymmetrically disposed, whereas the carapace is almost bilaterally
symmetrical in plate arrangement. ‘The plastron is much the more
conservative side in the carpoids, thus deviations from the norm on this
side would seem to have higher categorical significance than those of
the carapace. All of the ‘‘anomalocystid” genera of any immediate
bearing on Enoploura are represented in Figure 2.
37 Upper OrRpbovicIAN ENOPLOURA: CASTER 17
Most American writers since Wetherby’s day have referred his
genus to Ateleocystites Billings (1858), based on a Middle Ordovician
type species (Fig. 2, A,B). This and the genus Mitrocystella Jaekel
(1918) of the Lower Ordovician of Bohemia appear to be the only
carpoids exhibiting three (and only three) hypocentral (somatic) plates
on the plastron. Presumably the larger the number of somatic plates,
the more primitive the organizational condition of the carpoids. Like-
wise bilateral symmetry of these plastron plates would appear to reflect
more archaic conditions than asymmetry. The enlargement of the
principal somatic plate (cs) appears to have been by complete amalga-
mate fusion of contiguous plates (e. g., “Placocystis” bohemicus (Bar-
rande), Chauvel, 1941, p. 216) which were originally symmetrically
arranged. The left-handed asymmetry would seem to derive from the
pressure of the diagonal gut against the inner ventral surface in its
passage from the anterior left corner toward the posterior right of the
thecal cavity. Though just why such a state should effect the already
closed sutures of the ventral plates is not readily clear. The commoner
condition among the Mitrata is seen in the plastron of Placocystis de
Koninck (1869) which has two somatic plates, (Fig. 2, C,D). Mitro-
cystis Barrande (1887) from the same horizon as Mitrocystella ex-
hibits from four to six somatic plates, always in irregular arrangement ;
likewise Basslerocystis of the Lower Devonian appears to possess five
somatic plates, (Fig. 2, E,F). Among the arm-possessing Mitrata,
Enoploura is one of the most primitive in plastron plan.
In keeping with the general primitiveness of the Enoploura
plastron, the interbasal pair of plates (ib), otherwise known only in
the Bohemian mitrocystids (e.g., Chauvel, 1941, Mitrocystella, p. 158,
fig . 56, 57), is preserved. So far, apparently, these plates have not
been observed in any other carpoids.
Continuing with the comparison between Exoploura and Ateleo-
cystites, the assumption of any close relationship hinges on the likeli-
hood that the latter genus possessed the placocystid type of brachia.
This is counter to what has previously been written about 4teleocys-
tites, s.s., although Haeckel (1896) did assume that the genus had
segmented brachioles of the same sort he postulated for all “anomalo-
cystida,’ and such as Schuchert (1904) has found in the type species
of Anomalocystites. Careful scrutiny of the photographs of Billings’
types given by Miss Alice Wilson (1946, pl. 2, figs. 1b,2) reveals
suggestions of spinous arm-bases at the distal corners of the carapace
of Ateleocystites. Hence the restoration of the genus as shown in
Text Figure 2, A,B.
Both Billings and Miss Wilson show a transverse tegmenal plate
in the Ateleocystites types; it is a lenticular, massive plate which
stretches across the whole tegmenal area, and bears on the surface
exposed on the ventral side many axial grooves. ‘These recall the
18 BULLETIN I4I 88
groovings on the median adtegmenal plate of one specimen of Eno-
ploura which was discussed above. A median plate, though never so
large, occurs in several carpoid genera; it is usually correlated with
the “M’’ plate in Mitrocystis (e.g., Bather, 1900, fig. xii). Con-
fronted by this furrowed plate, and not having observed the arm-bases
on the type material, Miss Wilson suggested that a transverse row of
short preservable tentacles may have existed in Ateleocystites. This
may well have been the case, for certainly the rigid spine-like arms
were in all probability mere props and had no food-gathering or sub-
vective function. The grooved plate in al! these genera may corres-
pond to the tegmenal opercular plate which Kirk (1911) described in
the type species of Basslerocystis (new genus). It is quite con-
ceivable that the carpoids in general lived in much the same manner
of modern holothurids, as Jaekel (1918) has suggested. “They may
even have had no functional anus in accordance with Jaekel’s idea,
the single aperture serving in the coelenterate manner as the only
intestinal ostrum, and the gut functioning as a pump. Soft tentacles
might quite logically surround such an aperture, and their number be
reflected on a hinged opercular plate against which they pressed when
extruded. Such soft structures could, however, hardly be expected to
be preserved.
The peduncle of Ateleocystites is imperfectly known, but Miss
Wilson’s photographs of the type specimens show a tri-partite peduncle
of the Mitrata sort instead of a simple column such as Billings drew
and Woodward (1880) copied. One of the type specimens (Canadian
Geol. Survey No. 13922) shows a transverse styloid process, but of
much less prominent proportions than the huge bifoliate structure in
Enoploura. “Yhe two genera appear to be allied in calyx details, and,
on the assumption of the possession of the same type of arms, are
thought to belong to the same family and subfamily. However, it
seems that Miss Wilson was quite right in concluding that dteleocys-
lites is represented in America (and presumably, so far, in the world)
only by the type species, 4. huxleyi Billings. dnomalocystites bohemi-
cus Barrande (e.g., Placocystis bohemicus (B.), Chauvel, 1941, pl. 8
fig. 8) may prove to be an ateleocystid.
Placocystis de Koninck (1869) (Fig. 2, C,D) of the Upper
Silurian of Great Britain (and questionably elsewhere) is the proto-
type of the rigid-arm-bearing carpoids. ‘This organization is so funda-
mentally different from the armless mitrocystids and supposedly flexi-
ble-arm-possessing anomalocystids, s.s., that it has seemed desirable to
point up this distinctness by the creation of a new sub-order, the
Placocystida, below, which is for the present, at least, thought of as
co-extensive with the new family Placocystidae. ‘There appears to be
little more than general familous similarity between Enoploura and
the many-plated forms on one hand, or the symmetrically plated on
the other. With respect to the latter condition, there exist so far only
89 Upper OrpoviciaN ENopLouRA: CASTER 19
the South African Lower Devonian (Bokkeveld beds) species Placo-
cystis africanus Reed (1925) and an undescribed species from the
equivalent horizon (Ponta Grossa beds), now in the writer’s hands for
description, from the State of Parana, Brazil. Both are placocystoids,
but no satisfactory genus has yet been described for either (new genera
now in manuscript, Caster, 1952). In these the plastron plates appear
to be nearly symmetrically arranged, and no sign of the “placocystid”
odd somatic plate is in evidence. Curiously, this was supposedly the
state of affairs in the genus Placocystella Rennie (1936), based on the
species P. capensis Rennie, but supposed to accomodate Reed’s species
also. Careful scrutiny of Rennie’s photographs of his holotype and
paratype specimens reveals what appear to be odd somatic plates on
each, thus contradicting Rennie’s diagnosis in this respect. (This
situation will be treated in greater detail in another place in connection
with the description of the first carpoid echinoderms from South
America.) A symmetrical arrangement of the plastron plates ot
carpoids has not so far been recorded in the northern world. “Placo-
cystis’ bohemicus (Barrande) Chauvel (1941) of the Bohemian Upper
Ordovician may show signs of the sutures between the plates elsewhere
fused to make the large hypocentral of the Mitrata. While this latter
would serve as a prototype (archetype) for the carpoids having two
asymmetrically disposed somatic plates, it is already advanced beyond
the Enoploura condition (and Ateleocystites?) where the median hypo-
central (7s) is retained. Placocystella appears (in Reed’s restoration
(1925) of Placocystis africanus) to have a median plate distad of its
paired series of somatic plates; however, Rennie (1936) shows no such
plate in his representation of the holotype.*
In Rhenocystis Dehm (1933) of the Bundenbach Lower Devon-
ian (Germany), Placocystis finds its closest similarity; both exhibit
the mid-dorsal “‘placocystid” plate, and a large number of carapace
somatic plates (9 in the latter, 13 in the former, as against 6 in
Enoploura) ; the German form shows five series of carapace plates,
and Placocystis four. The remarkably simple carapace of Enoploura,
in comparison, seems to indicate a separate and early line of carapace
specialization. Apparently the large median plates in this genus repre-
sent the fusion of the more common numerous carapace plates of the
other placocystids.
The carapace plate arrangement in Enoploura is truly unique, and
can only be homologized uncertainly with that of the other Placo-
* While the present paper was in press, an excellent photograph of Reed’s
holotype was furnished by Dr. A. Brighton, Curator of the Sedgwick Museum,
Cambridge. The nature of the preservation of this enigmatic fossil is such
as to suggest still other representations of the plates than those already
given by students of the South African specimen. The photograph and
further interpretation will appear in the forthcoming study of the Parana
Devonian material.
20 BULLETIN [41 gO
cystida. It represents the acme of the placocystids in reduction of the
number of plates and in the proportional large sizes of such plates as
it retains. If the second series of plates in Enoploura (Fig. 1, m1-4)
corresponds to the second series in Rhenocystis, as appears quite pos-
sible, then the Ordovician genus would seem to have undergone
specialization by loss of «distal carapace plates; Placocystis likewise,
but to a lesser degree. This may be one important direction of
Mitrata evolution, but apparently a recurrent, or latent recessive
tendency which was not restricted to a single generic lineage. In
A teleocystites such facts as can be deduced from the poorly preserved
carapaces of the types (Wilson, 1946, pl. 2, figs. 1-3) indicate (Fig.
2, A,B) a carapace plan significantly different from Enoploura. The
median basal plate (mac) appears not to reach the peduncle, thus
recalling the status of Placocystis and Rhenocystis; the marginal
plates overlap widely on the carapace, instead of being mere vertical
abutments against the plates as in Enoploura; and at least eight som-
atic plates, in addition to the basal median plate, appear to be indicat-
ed inside the frame of the marginals. The unique disposition of the
Ateleocystites carapace plates alone is enough to establish the generic
distinctness of these two.
With Anomalocystites Hall (1859), s.s., (type species: 4. cornu-
tus Hall) of the Lower Devonian (Helderbergian) of eastern Amer-
ica, and the carpoid species 4. disparilis Hall from the Oriskanian.
described at the same time (see Basslerocystis, below) Enoploura
shares really very little, except a general carpoid organization and
gross form. ‘The two species are unique in possessing swollen egglike
thecae. “Iwo very different genera are involved in these inflated
Devonian species. Since both were used by Hall in his definition of
the genus dnomalocystites, it is not surprising that there has been
some uncertainty ever since as to precisely what constitute the mor-
phologic traits of the genus. Thus one is always perplexed by the
adjective ‘‘anomalocystid,’ especially when employed as a synonym
for “carpoid.” As Figure 2, E,F,G,H will bring out, not only are
these species extraordinary, but in detail they are quite dissimilar; they
occupy what appear to be homeomorphic extremes in carpoid evolu-
tion, if, indeed, both are really carpoids! Schuchert (1904) and
Kirk (1911) have somewhat clarified the confusion concerning Hall’s
genus through their reexamination of the two species involved in its
description.
As will be seen by an examination of the restorations on Figure
2, in the Helderbergian species cornutus’, the type species, six
> Tt is intzrestng to note in passing that Haeckel (1896) in his great
monograpi on the Phylogeny of the Echinoderms was mistaken as to the
relative stratigraphic horizons of Anomalocystites and of Ateleocystites
(lower Middle Ordovician). He reversed them; thus some of his phylo-
genetic thinking with respect to the two is peculiar.
OI Uprer OrpovicIAN ENopLoURA: CASTER Bt
transverse series of carapace plates are well defined; they do not fall
reidily into vertical tiers, and the bilateral symmetry is somewhat
imperfect. Most characteristic, and apparently unique among the
carpoids, as now understood, is the presence of a pair of segmented
brachia with ambulacral extensions upon them. These were des-
cribed in detail by Schuchert (1904). (The brachia are amazingly
similar to his representation of the terminal peduncle, one should
note.) This character alone should make the true anomalocystids
suspect members of both the Carpoidea and the Mitrata. (It is
extremely inappropriate and misleading to continue the custom oi
using “anomalocystid” as a substitute for ‘“carpoid.’’) Although
Bather (1900) hesitantly referred d. cornutus to Ateleocystites, it
really now seems to have nothing generic or even of a family nature
In common with that Ordovician genus. An added matter for specu-
lation is the apparent complete lack of a stylocone or its correlate in
Anomalocystites. Schuchert (1904) gave a quite unequivocal restora-
tion of the two-part peduncle (see Fig. 2, H). In this respect the
assignment of the genus to the Mitrata again becomes suspect, for
the genera pertaining to this order seem always to have a styloid.
Because of the exceptional morphology of the genus a new sub-order,
Anomalocystida, has been created for it below. The Anomalocystida
may eventually prove to be a distinct order (of the Carpoidea?).
When more data are available, dnommalocystites, s.s., may prove
to be a terminal expression of the Rhipidocystis Jaekel line, redefined
by Hecker (1940), from the Baltic Black River equivalents in the
Ordovician (B-3 through D-1). In this genus (now completely dis-
sociated from Jaekel’s fantastic ideas on the organization of the genus,
as shown in Hecker, fig. 1, p. 9) there are also exothecal ambulacral
extensions on many (up to 10) segmented brachia or “fingers,” as
Hecker calls them. The food-grooves are covered by imbricate.
wedge-shaped plates. Hecker proposed the new carpoid order Digitata
for Rhipidocystis. Although the number of plates in the theca is
apparently constant, and the plates themselves differentiable into
marginal and somatic, the details of arrangement are not especially
carpoid; moreover the ornament is granular and not of the carpoid
type. The peduncle is degenerate, not differentiable into two zones,
and apparently without any trace of a styloid process. The two faces
of the Rhipidocystis theca are flat and subparallel, and both depressed
below the thick plates of the marginal flange. This contrasts with
the much-inflated theca of the Lower Devonian genus.
Hall’s other species, Anomalocystites disparilis, is a true mitrate
carpoid in every respect, albeit a very conservative one. So far it is
known only from the American Oriskanian (Lower Devonian), and
may represent the highest stratigraphic occurrence of the class. As
even casual comparison of the drawings in Figure 2 will show, Hall’s
22 BULLETIN 141 kale g2
two species share very few generic traits—if any. The plate number
and arrangement of 4. disparilis are distinctive, and especially so the
inflexible placocystid brachia. A new genus is created below for this
species. The generic name is intended to honor Dr. Ray S. Bassler.
Genus BASSLEROCYSTIS Caster, n. genus
Type species—Anomalocystites disparilis Hall. Based on a single
incomplete specimen. Oriskany sandstone (Lower Devonian), east-
ern United States.
Anomalocystites Hall, J., 1858, Amer, Jour. Sci. and Arts, 25(2):p. 2793
1858, Paleontology of New York, 3:p. 132 (pars); Meek, F. B., 1873,
Ohio Geol. Survey, Paleont. Ohio, 1, pt.2:p.43 (pars) ; Woodward, H.,
1880, Geol. Mag., 7 (dec. 2): pp. 193, 199 (pars); Schuchert, C., 1904,
Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 47, pt. 2: p. 204 (pars); Kirk, E, rg11, U. S.
Nat. Mus., Proc., 41: pp. 21-26 (pars).
Anomocystis Haeckel, E., 1896, Fest. z. Siebenzigsten Geburtstage v. C.
Gegenbaur, Bd. 1, p. 41 (pars).
Placocystis de Koninck (aff.), Bather, F. A., 1g00, Treatise on Zoology,
Ne Gy Be Gir
Non Anomalocystis (and Anomalocystites) Barrande, J., 1887, Syst. Silur.
Centre Bohéme, 7, pt. 1:p. 89; Jaekel, O., 1900, Deut. Geol. Gesell.,
Zeits.. 52:p. 668.
This is one of the most elusive and enigmatic carpoids, due both
to the rarity of specimens and the unsatisfactory preservation of such
as are known. There are fundamental discrepancies among the three
printed accounts of the morphology of the type species such as argue
for the possibility of involvement of more than one species. However,
Schuchert (1904) and Kirk (1911), who appear to have handled in
the main the’ same specimens, still came up with quite different plats
of plate arrangement in the species. ‘The diagram shown in Figure 2,
1,F, is an attempt to harmonize the divergent representations (especi-
ally Schuchert’s and Kirk’s) in the light of the apparent morphologic
probabilities judged on the basis of other carpoids. Hall’s somewhat
restored illustration of the holotype shows considerably fewer carapace
plates than either Schuchert or Kirk represent from suites of better
preserved topotype specimens. The essential characteristics of the
species, and those of generic importance, seem not to be in dispute.
Should more than one species be found to be masquerading under
this designation, all appear to pertain to the new genus Basslerocystis,
the analysis of which follows:
Carpoid, flattened egg-shaped theca; possessing inflexible brachia
(Schuchert, 1904) attached in the placocystoid manner (Kirk, 1911) ;
tegmenal area a quadrate, transverse opening (Schuchert, 1904)
which is closed by a single, hinged, opercular plate (Kirk, 1911)
which bears longitudinal internal furrows (Schuchert. 1904). No
mouth or anus openings known; both probably confined to the quad-
03 Upper OrvoviciaNn ENopLOURA: CASTER 23
rate tegmenal zone (Kirk, 1911). Plastron slightly concave, with
subangular lateral carine; carapace much inflated, and proximally
rolled under (as shown by Kirk, 1911, pl. 3, fig. 11). The plastron
shows two “‘somatic plates,” in characteristic conservative carpoid
(and also “anomalocystid”) pattern; however, a narrow transverse
median plate, possibly comprised of fused tegmenal (or adtegmenal)
plates, lies distad of the usual anterior ventral bounding plates (Kirk,
1911); also two lateral bounding plates, chiefly ventral in position,
lie at the extremities of this transverse median plate and form the
lateral boundary of the tegmenal (apertural) quadrangle (Kirk, 1911,
ple. 32).tie2 20)
The carapace appears to be symmetrical in plate number (Schu-
chert, 1904, Kirk, 1911), if not in arrangement (Schuchert, 1904).
thus apparently making Hall’s species name, disparilis, somewhat
inappropriate. Hall showed an odd number of carapace plates, a
number smaller than that noted by either of the revisers. The number
and arrangement represented on Figure 2, F, seems to conform in
essentials to the Schuchert and Kirk analysis. However, Schuchert,
tollowing Hall’s restored basal pattern, showed three basal (adpe-
duncular) plates, whereas Kirk found an additional row of plates
between those supposed basals and the peduncle on the underturned
carapace surface. [hese basal marginals are shown in broken line
on Figure 2, F. Schuchert (1904, fig. 22) suggested the presence of
such an intercalated basal series on the left side of his diagram A,
Kirk denied the existence of either an anal aperture or special anal
plate in the proximal carapace such as Schuchert suggested. Hall
had restored a tiny, more or less placocystid, mid-carapace plate in
the position selected by Schuchert for the anal area.
Comparisons of Genus Basslerocystis—Bather (1900) indicated
the affinities of this genus when he referred the type species to
Placocystis rather than Hall’s genus. One can infer in the writings
of both Schuchert and Kirk that they were open-minded on the
assignment of the species to some genus other than Hall’s. Clearly,
both in the plate dissimilarities and the differences in the nature of
the distal appendages of the calyx, the two Hall species have very
little in common. ‘These differences are most clearly brought out in
Figure 2, by comparing drawings E,F with G,H.
What appear to be the homologues of the Enoploura axillary
plates (ax) have been represented by Kirk (1911) in 4. disparilis;
this is the only other occurrence so far reported of these plates. The
transverse median adtegmenal plate of the Basslerocystis plastron has
no counterpart in the carpoids; it may be a fused series of adtegmenal
plates, although the prototype of such is unknown so far in the class.
On the dorsal surface Basslerocystis preserved the largest number
of carapace plates so far known in the Mitrata, showing fused, rather
24 BULLETIN 141 94
than imbricate (Mitrocystida), dorsal plates. It is not possible now
to correlate these plates with those of other genera, except in a general
way. Most distinctive and different is the existence of an extra series
of basals (sub-basals) on the underturned surface of the carapace in
Basslerocystis, as shown by Kirk (1911).
It would apparently* require a considerable lineage of genera to
connect Basslerocystis with any other mitrate form.
Both Anomalocystites, s.s., and Basslerocystis would seem to
illustrate the retention of a very primitive carapace plan, more primi-
tive in scheme even than Rhenocystis (Fig. 2, I,J). The inflated
thecae would seem to be more archaic than the flattened forms com-
mon among carpoids. They would appear to preserve on the dorsum
the generalized archetype in plate pattern that Placocystella of the
Austral Lower Devonian preserves in its symmetrical venter. Perhaps
ene might project backward from these terminal ‘‘anachronisms,” the
kind of prototype to be expected in the early Ordovician from which
the Placocystida (new sub-order, below) developed.
By way of contrast, Kirkocystis Bassler (1950), from the Okla-
homa Middle Ordovician, and Anatiferocystis Chauvel (1941), of
about the same age in Brittany, are probably the most specialized
carpoids known. They have inflated anomalocystoid thecae but the
carapace plates have been chiefly reduced to two large (marginal?)
ones which meet on the mid-dorsal line. In Kirkocystis there are
poss_bly several small basal plates on the carapace; the plastron bears
two such baal plates, but the main area of the flat plastron is covered
by the ventral extensions of the two large carapace plates; between
them on the venter are an elongate somatic plate and a small epicen-
tric plate. “his curious arrangement is foreshadowed by severai
European Ordovician genera (see, for example, Chauvel, 1941) from
which the unknown, but probably asymmetric, appendicular details of
Kirkocystis may be inferred. Anatiferocystis Chauvel (1941) is
dicotyledonoid with only two thecal plates retained; these meet on
the mid-dorsum and m’d-venter. The thecal form is still kirkocystoid.
The higher category Carpoidea (=Heterostelea) has not yet
found its natural level in the classification of the echinoderms. Al-
though listed as a class on a previous page, it may with equal propriety
be elevated to the rank of sub-phylum, alongside Pelmatozoa and
Eleutherozoa. Whitehouse (1941) proposed the sub-phylum Homalo-
zoa to include the classes Carpoidea and Machaeridia (Withers,
1926), however the elimination of Withers’ ‘‘class’”’ from the Echino-
dermata by Wolburg (1938) and others leaves the Carpoidea alone
to represent the sub-phylum.
Such elevation is incompatible with the still current concept ot
the carpoids as derived pelmatozoans, like the rest of the “‘cystoids.”
Inherent in this long-standing classification, which Bather (1900) was
95 Upper OrpoviciAN ENopLOURA: CASTER 25
largely instrumental in advancing, is the idea that all echinoderms
are derived from a sessile archetype, through whose fixation radial
symmetry was attained; and that both free-moving and non-radial
echinoderms can be homologized with such a forebear.
In the paper cited above, Whitehouse (1941) described Middle
Cambrian vagrant echinoderms which he interpreted as the fulfillment
of the historic prediction from the Biogenetic Law of the eventual
discovery of fossil correlates of the free swimming larval stages of
existing echinoderms. The previous absence of such fossil data had
been the basis for the development of the current ideas outlined above.
On the basis of the new Cambrian remains, Whitehouse resuscitated
the dormant idea that echinoderm radial symmetry may stem with as
much orthodoxy from a free-swimming existence as from sessility.
Indeed, the most perfect degree of radial symmetry throughout the
Animal Kingdom pertains to eleutherozoic organisms. Whitehouse’s
discovery, if his material has been properly interpreted (see Regnéll,
1948 and Gislén, 1947), is a fundamental challenge to the pelmato-
zoan theory. He proposed the new sub-phylum Haplozoa for the new
Cambrian eleutherozoic echinoderms.
Two new classes were recognized for the Haplozoa: the class
Cycloidea, based on the radially symmetrical genus Cymbionites, and
the class Cyamoidea, based on the bilaterally symmetrical genus
Peridionites. Thus in this sub-phylum the fundamental cleavage
between bilateral and radial organization was established in the
Echinodermata. Whitehouse postulated a dipleurula-like, segmented
and coelomate archetype of the phylum, as most echinoderm specialists
have done, but passes directly therefrom, without either radial sym-
metry or fixation, into the cyamoid Haplozoa. A direct projection
of this lineage became the Carpoidea (=Homalozoa, restricted) ; thus
there could have been no radial symmetry or sessility in this line.
By further evolution at the Haplozoa grade of organization, White-
house would have the radially symmetrical, but still eleutherozoic,
cycloids differentiated. Apparently a basic cleavage of the Cycloidea
resulted in the sessility and concomitant modifications of the sub-
phylum Pelmatozoa on the one hand, whereas on the other, persever-
ence of the radial organization and motility of the cycloids accom-
panied the evolution into a more complex organization seen in the
sub-phylum Eleutherozoa. According to the Whitehouse scheme, this
last sub-phylum did not pass through a pelmatozoan intermediate stage,
and any larval fixation that occurs in the sub-phylum is purely coinci-
dental and non-recapitulatory. “The adaptive form which represents
the average habitus for each sub-phylum seems to have been indepen-
dently attained in homeomorphic lines within each of the other
sub-phyla; witness: the eleutherozoic Pelmatozoa, pelmatozoic Eleu-
therozoa, pore-bearers of carpoid form, etc.
26 BULLETIN 147 ‘an gG
The following synopsis will summarize the relations between:
these genera, and other mitrate genera, and Enoploura. It will also
serve as an instrument for emending Jaekel’s (1900; 1918) higher
category classification of the Mitrata-
Order MITRATA Jaekel, I91I8
Carpoidea (Heterostelea) having convexo-planate or convexi-
concave calices; both surfaces are covered by relatively large plates:
there are many fewer plates on the plastron ordinarily than on the
carapace. [Lateral marginal plates are common to both surfaces; four
to six adpeduncular basal plates present; these usually exhibit char-
acteristic striations or [aminations. Peduncle tri-partite: the proximal
section is swollen, with a large [umen, and ts comprised of fused
annulations each formed of two dimeres sutured on the mid-dorsum
and mid-venter (the “heterostele” character) (in Enoploura each
peduncular ‘“‘dimere”’ bears a lateral suture, thus creating a tetra-
merous condition which possibly represents the archaic condition of
the peduncle in the whole order); the middle section of the ped-
uncle bears a large ventrally-inserted toothed or bladed assicle,.
the ‘‘process,” styloid or stylocone; distal portion of peduncle narrow,
cylindrical column of flexibly united colummals. These are pre-
sumably also made up of fused dimeres (tetrameres?). Terminal
section of peduncle is often much reduced and frequently coiled in
repose,
The principal morphologic differentia and the taxonomic cate-
gories so far based thereon are shown in the following key.
Key to the Genera, Families and Sub-families of the Mitrata
f. Carapace plates imbricate; no brachia or other distal exothecal appen-
davese meerrer cece acme Dd Dero wide ol orereits Wie eae eke olete sa piowmie reo elke ee
Sub-order Mitrocystida n. sub-order; Family Mitrocystidae Jaekel,
1900.
Ae chhreessomaticaplates! onisplastnon) merrmeise eeeiise ee icin ete cere eee
Genus Mitrocystella Jaekel, 1918; Lower Ordovician, Bohemia.
B. Four, five or six somatic (hypocentric) plates on the plastron ..... -
Genus Mitrocystis Barrande, 1887, Lower Ordovician, Bohemia-
IJ. Carapace of fused, non-imbricate plates; distal appendage or appendages
present.
AS (Only one distal farm) onsprocessspresent (ree. eerec eee eetee
Sub-order Lagynocystida nn. sub-order; Family Lagynocystidae
Jaekel, 1918.
x. Plastron comprised wholly of marginal plates; carapace with many
smallcentral splates;muchwelongated!icallyx; temas eee ares
Sub-family Laynocystinae n. sub-family; Genus Lagynocystis
Jaekel, 1918, Middle Ordovician, Bohemia.
z. Plastron or carapace, or both, reduced to two plates
Sub-family Kuirkocystinae n. sub-family.
a. Carapace comprised wholly or essentially of two marginal plates;
surface tubercular.
07 Upper OrpovicIlAN ENoPLOURA: CASTER 39
{1) Plastron largely covered by two marginal plates, but contains
two or more narrow somatic plates ................2 02008
Genus Kirkocystis Bassler, 1950, Middle Ordovician,
Oklahoma.
(2)5 lastron® bearing “several (about a1), plates) ssesss. sso oes
Genus Balanocystis Barrande, 1887, Middle Ordovician,
Bohemia.
Allied new genus, not described, Lower Devonian, Brazil.
b. Calyx comprised of two large plates only; these meet on mid-
venter and mid-dorsum; apparently no basal plates ........
Genus Anatiferocystis Chauvel, 1943, Middle Ordovician,
Brittany.
B. ‘Two exothecal arms or brachia present.
1. Brachia segmented, bearing exothecal ambulacra (Schuchert, 1904).
Sub-order Anomalocystida® n. sub-order; Family Anomalocys-
titidae Meek, 1872, emend., restr.; Genus Anomalecystites Hall,
1358, s.s.; Lower Devonian, United States.
2. Brachia rod-like, unsegrferted, articulated at base, non-subvective, .
Sub-order Placocystida®, (Haeckel, 1896) emend., n. sub-orders
Family Placocystidae n. family.
a. Symmetrically arranged plates on both carapace and _ plastron.
Genus Placocystella Rennie, 1936, Lower Devonian, South
Africa and Brazil (allied form).
b. Asymmetrically arranged plastron plates; carapace symmetrical.
(1) Less than three somatic plates en the plastron ............
Sub-family Placocystinae n. sub-family.
(a) Two somatic plates on the plastron; carapace with
“placocystid’”’ plate.
(1) Elongate calyx; five series of carapace plates.
Genus Rhenocystis Dehm, 1933, Lower Devonian,
Germany.
(ii) Ovate calyx; four series of carapace plates ........
Genus Placocystis de Koninck, 1869, Upper Silurian,
Great Britain.
(2) Three somatic plates on the plastron; no “placocystid”
plate | Reso ee Sub-family Enoplourinae n. sub-family
(a) Six somatic plates on the carapace; prominent stylocone..
Genus Enoploura Wetherby, 1879, Upper Ordovician,
United States.
(b) More than six somatic (epicentral) plates on the cara-
pace; stylocone not prominent; broad grooved teg-
MeT alps PlAtely «pee hovercct era stot ere crete: Aehahorety, oa es ee re sieveyeiahs
Genus Ateleocystites Billings, 1838, Middle Ordo-
vician, Canada.
(3) Five somatic plates on the plastron; large number of non-
imbricate carapace plates; operculate tegmenal area
Sub-family Basslerocystinae n. sub-family; Genus Basslero-
cystis n. genus, Lower Devonian, United States.
® Haeckel (1896) used the term “Anomocystida” (=Anomalocystida) for a
family of the Amphoridea. He credited Woodward (1880) with the family
(Anomalocystidae), the spelling of which he arbitrarily modified; however,
the family Anomalocystidae was first proposed by Meek (1872). That family
is now employed in a restricted sense in this paper under the emended
spelling Anomalocystitidae, to agree with the orthography of Hall’s genus.
The term “Placocystida” was also employed by Haeckel for a_ family
designation (=Placocystidae), but in a sense more nearly corresponding to
the order here indicated.
28 BULLETIN 141 08
It is quite likely that each of the above proposed sub-families
will in time be elevated to family status. The morphologic differ-
ences involved appear to be of higher taxonomic value than the rank
here assigned. It would seem to require unduly long generic phylo-
geny to connect the various “sub-families” of the Placocystidae of
this synopsis, for example. There does not seem to be any sound
basis for the current assumption that these organisms exhibited any
markedly greater plasticity in the arrangement of thecal plates than
did other echinoderms of comparably high organization. In the study
of this group there is still too much carry-over in the mode of think-
ing about them from the days when they were assigned to the Cysti-
dea. The morphologic evidence now at hand strongly suggests that
a truly grand array of genera yet await discovery before the evolu-
tionary links between many of the known carpoid genera (and
families) now known can be ranged with any confidence into phylo-
genetic series.
SPECIES OF ENOPLOURA
Eroploura balanoides (Meek) Plate 2, figs. 7-3
Anomalocystites (Ateleocystites?) balanoides Meek, F. B., 1872, Amer.
Jour. Sci. and Arts, 3(3):p. 423; 1873, Ohio Geol. Survey, Paleont.
Ohio; 3, pt 22p. 41, \pl-3 bis; fies. 6ya-c
Enoploura balanoides (Meek), Wetherby, A. G., 1879, Cincinnati Soc.
Nat. Hist., Jour., 1:p. 163 (pars).
Ateleocystites balanoides (Meek), Woodward, H., 1880, Geol. Mag., 7
(dec. 2): p. 198 (pars), pl. 6, figs. 6-8.
Anomalocystites balanoides Meek, Miller, S. A., 1889, North Amer. Geol.
and Paleont., p. 224, fig. 247.
Placocystis balanoides (Meek), Haeckel, E., 1896, Festschr. z. Siebenzig-
sten Geburtstage v. C. Gegenbaur, Bd. 1, pl. 2, figs. 5-7.
Placocystis crustacea Haeckel E., 1896, Idem., p. 39 (pars).
No new facts concerning the type species, s.s., have been dis-
covered since Meek’s original analysis, which was based on a specimen
collected by G. W. Harper (fide Wetherby, 1879) from the Cin-
cinnati hills. His illustrations are copied on Plate 2, figs. 7-9.
Apparently no new specimens showing the traits of the holotype nor
any other specimen from the horizon of the holotype have so far
turned up.
The exceptionally large size of the holotype calyx fragment, the
narrow basal carapace plate (mac), breadth of the proximal calyx,
markedly arcuate basal plastron plates (bm), and very deep reentrant
in these plates at the base of the plastron for the attachment of the
peduncle, all mark this specimen as very different from any others
representing the genus. Since it is clearly from a distinct geologic
99 Upper OrbovicIAN ENOPLOURA: CASTER 29
5/8_INCH
1 1/8 INCHES
an
¥ 3
S =
= So
z z
N
$ BS
SPECIES OF ENOPLOURA
Fig. 2. Type species of characteristic mitrate echinoderms. A and _ suc-
ceeding alternate letters are plastron views; B and_ succeeding alternate
jetters are corresponding carapaces. A,B, Ateleocystites huxicyi Billings.
Middle Ordovician, Canada. Included here on the assumption that rigid,
placocystid arms are present; this appear to be true of the type specimiens.
Based on the Billings types shown by Alice Wilson, 1946. C,D, Placocystis
forbesiana de Koninck. Upper Silurian (Wenlock), Great Britain. Based on
Bather’s restoration, 1900, from type material. E,F, Basslerocystis disparilts
(Hall) Caster, n. genus. Lower Devonian (Oriskanian), United States. Com-
posite restoration based on Hall, 1859, Schuchert, 1904, and Kirk, 1911, from
type and topotype material. G,H, Anomalocystites cornutus Hall. Lower
Devonian (Helderbergian), United States. Questionably a carpoid. Drawn
from Hall, 1859, and Schuchert, 1904, based on type and topotype material,
I,J, Rhenocystis latipedunculata| Dehm. Lower Devonian (Bundenbach),
Germany. Somewhat restored from Dehm, 1933. K,L, Enoploura popei
Caster, n. species. Upper Ordovician (Maysville, Cincinnatian), United
States. Drawn by Anneliese S. Caster.
c@) i BULLETIN I41 | 100
horizon, from which no competing specimens have so far been recov-
ered, and because there now appears to be some degree of specific
differentiation discernible in the various formational occurrences of
the genus, it seems best te restrict the Meek species to the original
holotype. Clearly the only other Maysville species known, E. popei,
n. sp., to be described below, from the Corryville formation, is mor-
phologically different from the type species in every comparable
detail.
Occurrence—As explained in the introduction, the type horizon
of the Harper species must lie in the Fairmount member (“Hill
Quarry beds”), upper Fairview formation, basal Maysville subseries
of the Cincinnatian series (Upper Ordovician). It was recovered
from the hills at Cincinnati’.
Enoploura crustacea (Haeckel) Plate 2, figs. 17, 2?, 3-5, 6?
Enoploura balanoides (Meek), Wetherby, A. G. 1879, Cimcinnati Soe.
Nat. Hist., Jour., 1:p. 163 (pars); 1879A, 2:pl. 7, fig. 1d-g.
Ateleocystites balanoides (Meek), Woodward, H., £880, Geol. Mag., 7
(dec. 2):p. 198 (pars), pl. 6, figs.. 12-15.
Placocystis crustacea Haeckel, E., 1896, Festschr. z. Siebemzigsten Geburts-
tage v. C. Gegenbaur, Bd. 1, p. 39, fig. 1,2 (imaginative restoration),
(pars).
Enoploura crustacea (Haeckel), Bather, F. A., rg00, Treatise on Zoology,
pt. 3, DP. SI
Ateleocystites balanoides (Meek), Bassler, R. S., 1915, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 92, p. 88 (pars).
Ever since the discovery of the first enoplourid, the arthrovodous
aspect of the greup has been manifest. Witness the type species
name balanoides, above. The basal thecal plates do recall the plates
of barnacles; likewise the flattened theca and the flexible peduncle.
However, the nature of the peduncle was unknown when Wetherby
discovered the. truly amazing, stylocone-bearing structure which he
reported in 1879, along with two new thecal fragments. The new
materia! only increased the similarity to the Crustacea; so much so, in
fact, that Wetherby courageously removed his new genus Enoploura,
7 There is a rather marked difference in fauna and facies between the
calcarenaceous Fairmount beds and the overlying argillaceous McMillan
formation, so it would not be especially strange should different species
characterize genera common to the two formations. In the past there has
been too little species discrimination between the formations of the Maysville
subseries. Recent restudies, such as Flower’s (1946) on the Cincinnatian
cephalopods and Van Fossen (1951, M.S. Thesis, U.C.) on the rafinesquinid
brachiopods, point up rather forcefully the need for closer specific distinctions
among even the commoner Cincinnatian faunal elements. Many of these
new, and morphologically sound, species derived from closer scrutiny of old
broad “species” have quite restricted stratigraphic ranges.
ror Upper OrbovicIAN ENoPLOURA: CASTER is 31
based on the original Meek fragment, his two new comparable frag-
ments, and especially the new peduncle-bearing specimen, from the
Echinodermata. Wetherby’s new material came from near the top
of the Richmond subseries, considerably higher than Meek’s types,
hence it is not surprising that they are somewhat different morpho-
logically.
From his broad world-perspective of the echinoderms, Haeckel
(1896) recognized that these structural differences between Meek’s
primary types and Wetherby’s supposed hypotypes were of a sneciftic
nature. The name crustacea was proposed for the Richmond fossils,
although the Wetherby genus was suppressed as a synonym of Placo-
cystis. The new name was an especially felicitous one, as a glance
at Plate 2, figures 10-12 will show. ‘These are three views of Weth-
erby’s specimen showing the attached peduncle and remarkably crus-
taceous appearance of the fossil. One specimen of Wetherby’s other
material (Plate 2, figs. 3-5) bears the attached peduncle, without the
“process”; but the calices of all his specimens are incomplete to about
the same degree as Meek’s material.
A comparison of the dimensions and plate arrangements in the
three new specimens illustrated by Wetherby (1879, pl. 7, figs. 1, 1a-
g) shows differences which may well represent contemporaneous
speciation, and are here so evaluated. Bather (1900, p. 51, footnote)
noted this when, in the process of recognizing Wetherby’s genus anew,
he restricted Haeckel’s name crustacea to only part of the Wetherby
suite (1879, p. 7, figs. 1d,e,f, g). He does not indicate his intentions
with respect to Wetherby’s other specimen (figs. 1, I1a-c), but it is
to be supposed that he wished it referred back to Meek’s original
species, which was the only other one then known in the genus.
However, it now appears that this specimen cannot be referred to
either Meek’s Maysville species (balanoides) or the Richmondian
crustacea of Haeckel, as delimited by Bather. Hence the new species
E. wetherbyi, below. The result of Bather’s action was to eliminate
from the species crustacea Wetherby’s most crustaceous-appearing
type, and the one which probably most influenced Haeckel in choosing
the species name. Bather’s action indirectly made the specimen illus-
trated by Wetherby on his plate 7, figs. 1d-f, the holotype of FE.
crustacea (Haeckel), and there seems to be no good reason to contest
this designation now. Especially so, in view of the fact that all mem-
bers of the genus, in which the peduncular detail is well preserved,
have a remarkably crustaceous appearance.
All the characteristics of E. crustacea now knowable are shown
by the copies of Wetherby’s illustrations (1879, pl. 7, fig. 1d-g) given
on Plate 2. The prominent triangular depression of the posterior
plastron surface, corresponding in its delimitation to the internal
converging buttresses (Fig. 1), marks crustacea as a highly distinctive
32 BULLETIN I4I 102
torm. Apparently the basal angles of the buttress triangle have
specific value. A specimen from Madison, Indiana, (Plate 2, fig. 1)
appears to belong to this species, on the basis of similar triangular
areas. It represents the nearly complete interior of a plastron surface,
and is therefore the second specimen to be discovered which reveals
the outline of the whole Enoploura calyx. At the anterior end of this
specimen are many scattered polygonal plates. They are suggestive
of a tegmen covering. The inner edge of a large (median?) plate
(presumably the sam plate) is bordered by a channeled flange (Fig.
2) in a manner remotely suggestive of the ‘““M”’ plate furrowings in
the carapace of Mitrocystis. Possibly this plate performed an opercu-
lar function in Enoploura.
This species differs from E. popei, below, in its narrower calyx,
and more pronouncedly depressed triangular area of the plastron. It
differs from the type species in the same characters, and especially in
its lesser proportional width, shallower peduncular emargination of
the plastron, and less arcuate basal plastron plates. Although no
stylocone process is preserved in the original collection, the massive
structure is present, but badly fractured, in the Madison specimen.
No comparison with either Enoploura popei or E. wetherbyi can be
made in this respect, however.
Occurrence-—The holotype (Newton specimen) came, according
to Wetherby (1879), from the “upper part of the Hudson River
group at Richmond, Indiana.’ ‘This is in the upper part of the
Richmond subseries of the Cincinnatian series in modern stratigraphy.
The exact formation is unknown, but it is probably the Whitewater
or Saluda formation. The Madison hypotype is poorly documented.
The only data on the University of Cincinnati label (U.C. No.
25708) are “Madison, Indiana.’”’ ‘The entire stratigraphic section
from the upper Maysville to the top of the Ordovician is exposed in
the Ohio River bluffs at Madison, but the more likely fossil horizons
would be in the Richmond. The only indentifiable fossils in the
matrix of this specimen are shells of the brachiopod Zygospira which
is, unfortunately, not an adequate stratigraphic marker.
Enoploura wetherbyi Caster, n. sp. Plate 2, figs. 10-12
Enoploura balanoides (Meek), Wetherby, A. G., 1879, Cincinnati Soc.
Nate *iHist," Jour.) 1ps 163) (pars) 187945) 2eiplen 7a tie eee ota=Di
Woodward H., 1880, Geol. Mag., 1896, 7 (dec. 2):pl. 6, fig. g-r1.
Placocystis crustacea Haeckel, E., 1896, Festschr. z. Siebenzigsten Geburts-
tage v. C. Gegenbaur, Bd. 1, p. 39 (pars).
This species is based on the original specimen collected by Dr.
Wetherby which preserved the curious peduncular ‘process’ (stylo-
cone) and ventral peduncular styloid insertions. It was this specimen
which led him astray in assigning the species to the Crustacea and
103 Upper OrRpbovicIAN ENOPLOURA: CASTER 33
brought down Woodward’s (1880) censure upon him. It also fur-
nished the basis for Haeckel’s keen comparison of the carpoids with
crustaceans. Since no additional material of the species has subse-
quently come to light, Wetherby’s published diagnosis (complicated
by his mistakenly employed crustaceous nomenclature) and excellent
illustrations (copied on Plate 2) are the complete documentation.
This species is characterized by its angular posterior calicinal angles,
and especially by the construction of the peduncle. In contrast with
Enxoploura popei, below, the peduncle of E. wetherbyi is narrower
and more tapering and less conspicuously dorsally recurved. ‘The
stylocone is less produced either ventrally or laterally, and the post-
process mid-ventral insertions are less aborted, in keeping with the
suaver dorsal curvature of the peduncle. The distal styloid insertions
are foliaceous, keeled and imbricate, rather than closely fused struc-
tures bearing blunt vestigial bosses or spines as they are in E. popei*.
Occurrence.—From the “upper part of the Hudson River Group”
at Osgood, Indiana, and according to Wetherby’s statement, it was
found at about the same horizon as the Newton specimen (FE. crusta-
cea) from Richmond, Indiana. This is probably from the White-
water formation, and may have come from the Saluda layer, in
which other cystoids are relatively common.
S
Although Wetherby’s description and excellent illustrations of this curious
specimen certainly offered no basis for doubting the authenticity of the
organization he described, Woodward (1880) was loathe to accept it as a
fact. In making a footnote-suggestion that the ventral insertions might be,
in reality, adventitious plates of a Turrilepas, he planted the germ which
fifty years later was to grow into a veritable epidemic: “Is it possible,’ he
wrote, “that the associated plates ... which Prof. Wetherby considers to be
the “abdominal appendages” are the plates of Turrilepas? If this were the
case, and their association not merely fortuitous, it might prove, not that
Ateleocystites was a Crustacean, but that Turrilepas was possibly the
peduncle of an anomalous Cystidean! We recommend this to Prof. Wether-
by’s consideration.” It appears that this was the beginning of the thought
which eventually led to Withers’ (1926) presentation of Turrilepas and its
kind as a new echinoderm class, the ‘Machaeridea.” Despite considerable
current acceptance on the Continent, Wolburg’s (1938) arguments against
this “class” have never been successfully met, as Regnéll (1945) points out.
Wolburg’s strongest argument was that, except for Lepidocoleus, a doubtful
“machaerid”, the representatives of Withers’ “class” do not possess the
crystalline calcite skeletal structure universally known in the Echinodermata.
The entire skeleton of Enoploura is of the true echinoderm nature; dissociated
peduncles appear never to have been discovered so far, thus they have not
been confused with any “machaerid’”’ genus in paleontologic writings. If they
do turn up, and the original skeletal structure is preserved, there is little
chance of confusion. Moreover, the styloid process has apparently no
analogue in the turrilepid organization, and so far as known, the character-
istic sculpturing of the leaves in the machaerid strobilii does not occur on
the peduncle plates of any carpoid.
34 ' BULLETIN 141 104.
Enoploura popei Caster, n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 1-6; Plate 3, figs. 1-6;
Plate 4, figs. 4-8, Text fig. 1
The holotype and three paratypes are the basis for the following
specific analysis. The former is the first specimen of the genus to
show the preservation of all carapace and plastron plates; likewise
it is unique in demonstrating the presence of a pair of articulated
rigid arm-spines at the distal corners of the calyx. The preservation
of the peduncle is also exceptional. The first paratype (USNM No.
180483) retains more of the calicinal plates than any specimen dis-
covered prior to the holotype, and shows an exceptionally fine pres-
ervation of the surface ornamentation.
The plate arrangement and sizes are shown by the photographs
and Figure 1. .The absence of any angularity at the basal angles of
the calyx is very characteristic of these Corryville forms of the genus
(see, for example, the contrasting condition in E. meeki, nv. sp., from
the Waynesville, below). Although the holotype is exceedingly
important for an understanding of the plate arrangement of the
genus, each of the paratypes contributes certain details which the
holotype does not show, or deviations which help toward an under-
standing of the range of variation to be encountered in the species.
Each specimen of the type suite is therefore separately considered
below.
Holotype.— The holotype (Univ. Cincinnati Museum No.
25993) is illustrated in Figure 1 and Plate 1. It is conspicuously
devoid of striking ornament, except for the coarsely pitted condition
of the distal carapace plates, represented on Figure 1. The rest of
the test is finely punctose only, with pyrite filling the delicate vertical
peres. Even the characteristic carpoid rugae of the posterior (proxi-
mal) lateral areas are obscure on the holotype (Plate 1, fig. 3). It
seems hardly possible that this specimen, the best articulated yet
recovered, could have suffered enough abrasion to account for the
low grade of ornament now preserved. Were it not that the three
paratypes represent a progressive ornamental sequence from the in-
conspicuous prosopon of the holotype to the strikingly rugose and
labyrinthine, ostracoderm-like condition in the first paratype (des-
cribed below), one might consider the holotype as specifically distinct
from the remainder of the type suite.
The most characteristic specific traits of E. popei appear to
belong to the peduncle. On the dorsal (1.e., carapace) side, 14
peduncular somites. proximad of the styloid “process”? can be distin-
guished. “Two of these, however, which would normally not emerge
from beneath the posterior calyx shield, are revealed here by abrasion.
105 Upper OrpovicIAN ENopLouRA: CASTER 35
Each peduncular somite (ring) is comprised of four elements which
meet at sutures on the mid-dorsum, mid-pleurae and mid-venter. Thus
the proximal peduncle is made up of four-part (tetramere) fusion,
rather than the two-part (dimere) fusion customarily postulated for
the carpoids (erroneously?). Of the 14 somites distinguishable on
the dorsum of the proximal peduncle, the comprising elements meet
end-on at the mid-dorsal suture; those comprising the dorsal surface
of the 4 somites adjacent to the process meet in zigzag. On the
pleurae, 8 somites are revealed distad of the calyx plates; the corres-
ponding dorsal and ventral elements of each of the 8 somites recurve
toward the calyx at the mid-pleural line to form a characteristic series
of proximally-directed pleural chevrons; the elements of each somite
meet end-to-end, however, on the pleural suture. On the venter, the
proximal 3 somites meet end-on; 8 are en-echelon along the zigzag
ventral sutural line, but touch one another. ‘The distal two fail to
meet due to the insertion of the ventral “process.” The latter is
inserted between the 12th, 13th (aborted) and 14th segments, as
counted on the dorsal side.
The “process” has the form to be seen in the photographs. ‘The
foliaceous margins, however, were considerably extended both ven-
trally and laterally, and were slightly pustulose on the very edge; 7.e.,
they show no signs of abrasion. The shape of the process is probably
a specific trait; likewise the nature of the post-process mid-ventral
insertions. In FE. pepe these distal styloid insertions, like the “pro-
cess,’ are massive crystalline calcite. They appear to have been
solidly fused together and to the “‘process,’”’ although the sutures are
discernible. On the ventral surface each insertion carries a blunt
spine or boss. One such spine is shown intact in Plate 1, figure 3.
The peduncle is sharply recurved dorso-anteriorly distad of the last
preserved insertion on the holotype, and, judging from the area of
fracture and apparent size of the peduncular lumen here, the recurved
portion may have been very short and stubby.
The dimensions of the holotype are as follows:
Median length plastron 23.°,mm:
Median length carapace 23.8 mm.
Carapace width (max.) 16. mm,
Depth plastron concavity 2.8 mm.
Depth distal emargination of plastron
{peduncle insertion) 2.5 mm.
Width first blade of stylocone 5-3 mm.
Width second blade of stylocone 7. mm.
Distance between blades 3
36 BULLETIN 14! 106
Occurrence.—Discovered by Mr. John K. Pope from the middle
part of the Corryville member of the Maysville group on Stonelick
Creek, Clermont County, Ohio. The specimen was found on a
calcarenite slab which had fallen from the middle section of the cut-
bank of the creek about 200 yds. downstream from the highway
bridge on Ohio Route No. 131. This is at the first stream ford
below the highway.
Paratype No. 1.—The first paratype (U. S. Nat. Mus. No.
114798), illustrated on Plate 3, figures 4-6, is subequal in d’mensions
to the holotype. It is second only in the number of calyx plates
preserved, and shows the most remarkable ornamental detail of any
specimen of the genus so far discovered. Only the distal thecal plates
and distal peduncle are missing. All of the somatic plates of the
carapace are preserved, most of the central somatic and the “anomalo-
cystid” plate of the plastron. Only the proximal part of the stylocone
cylinder is preserved, however.
By comparing the photographs it will be seen that the general
shape and arrangement of the plates are the same in the two speci-
mens. However, the basal marginals (4m) of the holotype are
slightly longer and narrower, and their lateral margins converge
distally more rapidly. “The proximal median emargination of the
plastron for the peduncle insertion is slightly deeper in the paratype.
‘The median lateral marginal plates (mlm) of the holotype are sub-
equal in size and symmetrically placed, whereas in this paratype the
left plate is apparently considerably longer than the right (plastron
view), and consequently the suture between the median latera!
marginals and the anterior lateral marginals (alm) is considerably
distad of the proximal acute angle of the “‘anomalocystid” plate,
They are on approximately the same level in the holotype. The
median somatic plates (m2, m3) of the carapace are longer and
narrower in the paratype. On figure 4 the deltoidal interbasal (7b)
plates show very distinctly.
The most conspicuous trait of the paratype is the labyrinthine
external ornament of all the calyx plates. As figure 6 shows, the
transverse undulatory rugae, so characteristic of most carpoids, are
prominent on the basal lateral regions of the lateral adcolumnals
(lac), but over the remainder of the test a pebbled-leather effect.
which grades into labyrinthine pitting distally, is unique. The effect
is amazingly similar to that exhibited by many early placoderm and
107 Upper Orpovician ENopLourA: CASTER 37
ostracoderm fishes? (e.g., Bothriolepis of the Devonian in Patten,
1912, fig. 247, 248, etc.). The labyrinthine ornament becomes a
series of parallel ridges or rugae on the suture between the median
plates (bm) and the posterior lateral marginals (flm). ‘The deep
circular pits on the distal carapace plates of the holotype may be
derived from the kind of ornament seen in this paratype, where, too,
the excavations in the labyrinth appear to be deepest adjacent to the
sutures of the median somatic plates (1-4). The peduncle of the
paratype shows longitudinal ridges on all the tetramere elements;
they are especially conspicuous on the carapace (dorsal) side. The
basal portion of the stylocone is deeply pitted. In the holotype no
peduncular ornament was observed.
Occurrence. — ‘The paratype was discovered by Mr. Joseph
Stocker behind the Seminole Apartments, on Ravine Street, Cincin-
nati. [he horizon is in the middle part of the Corryville formation
( Maysville subseries).
Paratype No. 2.—The second paratype (Univ. of Cincinnati
Mus. No. 25257) is a much smaller specimen than either of the
previous ones. Only the basal series of plates is adequately preserved
for study. Plate 3, figure 1-3 and Plate 4, figure 8 show the plate
details and proportions. The peduncular emargination of the carapace
is extraordinarily deep in this specimen, and the median adcolumnal
(mac) much more scutelliform than in the preceding specimens.
Figure 2 shows the undeformed basal profile of the specimen. Despite
the smaller size of the specimen, the proximal peduncle appears to
® This similarity in ornament between the enoplourid carpoids and the
earliest fishes may be more than mere coincidence. Indeed, it is difficult to
imagine such a close similarity arising completely independently. Gislén
(1930) developed the thesis that the carpoids were closely allied to the
enterocoelic radicle whence came the early chordates, and, indeed, may
actually be more closely allied to the chordates than to the echinoderms. His
arguments were largely based on similarities, real or inferred, in the pore
system of certain carpoids (Cothurnocystites) and gill apertures in Amphi-
oxous. Gregory (1935, 1951) has pointed out a certain similarity in the
arrangement of the plates of the carpoid calyx (especially in Placocystites
and Mitrocystella) and the armour plates of the Devonian ostracoderm
Drepanaspis. Certainly from the earliest record of “fishes” in the Upper
(?) Ordovician (Astraspis and Eriptychius), persistently through most of
their Paleozoic history, the armoured chordates repeatedly bore plate orna-
ment very similar to taat here illustrated for Enoploura. Thus one more
morphologic trait appears to link these “atypical” echinoderms with the
earliest preserved fish. In view of the fact that the ranges of the first fish
and the carpoids overlap, one would presumably need to project the separate
lineages backward for an immense time before they could possibly converge
to the point of identity. The fact that the earliest fishes were apparently
dwellers in fresh waters, and tne carpoids, like all echinoderms, wholly
marine, would support the contention that an immense amount of time and
concomitant evolution intervene in the morphologic hiatus between the point
of departure and the coéval records of carpoids and the first fishes.
38 saath BULLETIN I41 108
show the same number of elements as in the larger types. The four
sutures between the peduncular elements show very well.
Occurrence.—Collected by Mr. Stanley Schweinfurth about 8
feet below the base of the Mt. Auburn formation, in the upper part
of the Corryville beds at Tower Lake, on the outskirts of Cheviot,
near Dent, Ohio. This is in the western hills of Cincinnati.
Paratype No. 3.—The fourth specimen of FE. popei (Plate 4,
figs. 4-7) is only slightly better preserved than the foregoing paratype.
The proportions of the basal plates are slightly different from anv of
the other types. Of particular interest in this specimen is the preser-
vation in the peduncle (fig. 4) of clear evidence of the metameric
nature of the styloid process. Beneath the exfoliation of the sutureless
exterior of the two process blades, only the base of the first blade is
retained in the specimen, a sutural surface is exposed. This bears a
median keel. It seems to correspond in position to the junction
between the two process blades and would thus indicate that the twe
blades of the stylocone are but modified and externally fused isomeres
of a series.
In this specimen the ornament is intermediate in stage of develop-
ment between the holotype and the first paratype, with a low-relief
labyrinth well developed.
Occurrence-——From the A. F. Foerste Collection in the U. S.
National Museum (No. 93345) from “Maysville (Corryville),
Cincinnati, Ohio.” It was identified as Meek’s species Enoploura
balanoides, and presumably was the basis for the restriction of the
species to the Corryville formation in Bassler’s (1914) Bibliographic
Index.
Comparisons —The present species differs from the Wetherby
specimen from the Upper Richmond of Osgood, Indiana (described
above as E. wetherbyi) (Plate 2, figs. 10-12), in being considerably
less produced at the posterior angles of the calyx, in having a more
transverse and more ponderous peduncular ‘“‘process,’’ and especially
in possessing spinous, post-process, mid-ventral, styloid peduncle inser-
tions, rather than keeled foliaceous plates. The basal carapace plate
(mac) in E. popei is considerably broader and longer proportionally
than in E. wetherbyi. Wetherby’s specimen was the only one pre-
viously discovered which shows the peduncular “process” and was
the first record of the styloid structure in paleontologic literature.
The Newton specimen (Plate 2, figs. 3-5) from the Upper Richmond
also (Richmond, Indiana) preserved the proximal peduncular plates,
but no “process.” This species has a narrower and apparently longer
calyx, with a very conspicuous’ triangular depression in the posterior
plastron floor, corresponding to the area delimited by the converging
internal buttresses (Plate 2, fig..1). It is possible that the plastron
interior of a nearly complete calyx shown on Plate 2, figures 1, 2,
109 Upper OrpvoviciaN ENopLOURA: CASTER = 39
pertains to Haeckel’s species. The type species Enoploura balanoides,
(Plate 2, figs. 7-9), which comes from the lower Maysville, apparent-
ly, is a considerably larger organism than E. popez, and is charac-
terized by the narrowness of the posterior carapace plate (mac), the
arcuate outer sutures of the posterior plastron plates (bm), and the
conspicuously deep basal invagination of the plastron for the peduncle
insertion. Nothing is known of the peduncle itself in this specimen.
Enoploura meeki Caster, n. sp. Plate 4, figs. 1-3
This species is known from a single specimen in the U. 5.
National Museum collection (No. 93346). Although only the proxi-
mal thecal plates of the calyx are known, and naught of the peduncle,
the fragment szems clearly to belong to a distinct species. As can
be seen by the photographs, the lateral adcolumnal plates of the
carapace are subtrigonal in outline, and the median adcolumnal
narrows to a remarkable degree toward the peduncle emargination.
On the plastron, the basal median plates are extremely long and
narrow, and perhaps the most conspicuous feature of the species is
the strongly recurved flange of these plates around the peduncle emar-
gination. Also of a highly characteristic nature are the subangular
basal angles of the theca, well seen in figure 2. In contrast with
typical Enoploura popei, where the basal margin fits snugly and
without an angle to the peduncle, here the base of the calyx is
produced. ‘The surface of the plates is finely labyrinthine to pustulose.
The dimensions are essentially those of the holotype of EF. popei,
insofar as the present fragment will permit comparison.
Occurrence.—In the Ulrich Collection of the U. S. National
Museum. The label indicates that the specimen came from the
Blanchester division of the Waynesville beds, 3 ft. below the Rhyn-
chotrema dentata Hall horizon at Clarksville, Ohio. A notation on
the cover of the box in Dr. Ulrich’s handwriting indicates that he
had spotted this as a distinct species.
GENERALIZATIONS
Stratigraphic value—From the little now known of the species
distribution of Enoploura the genus appears to have evolved with
sufficient rapidity in Cincinnatian time to give the various species
significant stratigraphic index value. Unfortunately, the rarity of
articulated specimens makes them. poor workaday tools; probably
closer scrutiny of the triturated coquinites of the Upper Ordovician
would reveal dissociated Enoploura plates. However, many of these
appear to be specifically identifiable.
Paleoecology.—\t appears that most of the Enoploura specimens
so far recovered have come from coquinites and calcarenites. These
sandy matrix deposits of broken shell fragments, pieces of Bryozoa
40 BULLETIN 141 110
and echinoderm skeletons probably help to account for the rarity of
articulated thecae of the local carpoids. The Cincinnatian calcarenites
are shallow neritic deposits which were sufficiently stirred by surface
waves and bottom currents to be washed free of mud and most silt-
size particles. The Pope specimen from the Corryville formation was
found on the top surface of a calcarenite or coquinite layer which was
i-2 inches thick. Probably the exceptional preservation of that speci-
men is attributable to the fact that it is embedded in the silt-size and
mud-size material immediately overlying the fragmental limestone
bed. These are quiescent, thinly laminated deposits. Hence the
specimen came into the sedimentary setting at a time propitious tor
preservation, whereas most other specimens were broken or disarticu-
lated by the shifting sands. Probably the occurrence of Wetherby’s
articulated specimen was of this same siltstone sort.
Habitus.—Like all the bilateral carpoid echinoderms, Enoploura
was apparently completely eleutherozoic, though just how it (and
the other carpoids as well) achieved locomotion is something of a
mystery. Possibly it did less free crawling than mere direction. shift-
ing so as to maintain an optimum con-current orientation of its
mouth. In the absence of any evidence of an external subvective
system, and with no evident capacity for agility of movement, it seems
probable that Enoploura (as well as all Mitrata) was a microphage.
Whether or no it possessed any soft circum-oral appendages is prob-
lematical ; just as likely is the possibility that it sucked in its provender
from the bottom currents by a contractile anterior gut, or oesophagus.
Kirk (1911) and Jaekel (1918) have suggested that the brachia
or spines of the carpoids served as props for elevating the distal theca
and ventrally oriented mouth off the sea-floor for more expeditious
feeding. The peduncle ‘“‘tail’’ is frequently carried aloft, and com-
monly in a planospiral curl, enrolled toward the distal end of the
theca. It has a prehensile aspect, so that quite logically it has often
been suggested that the carpoids pulled themselves along the sea-
bottom by means of it. Almost certainly it did serve the function of
a temporary anchor, in the manner of a crinoid cirrus; but how a
closely, although flexibly, joined series of annuli could achieve any
contractile function—such as locomotion would require—is not clear.
Furthermore, the distal tail is often very fragile, and in several
cenera seems to have been atrophied, as it may have been in Eno-
ploura. It is too fragile in most genera of Mitrata to have had much
wriggling locomotor function when the relatively large size of the
theca is considered. Perhaps the terminal peduncle, where it was of
any significant size, was held aloft as a kind of rudder to help keep
the animal properly oriented in the bottom currents.
The peduncular somites appear to have been connected by
flexible integument, hence a certain amount of movement between the
PE Upper OrpoviciIAN ENOPLOURA: CASTER 41
proximal peduncular rings was possible. The gliding surfaces of
overlap between these scleritic rings suggests limited, but easy, move-
ment between them in any direction, but perhaps freest dorso-
ventrally. The styloid process is deeply inserted in the venter, and
considerable gliding movement on its inserted, external proximal and
distal axial surfaces by the adjacent somites appears certain. Appar-
ently the junction of the peduncle to the calyx at the proximal line
was integumentary; possibly the large chevron-shaped buttress on the
plastron interior represents the seat of attachment of peduncular
muscles to the calyx. The capacious lumen in the proximal part of
the peduncle suggests large muscles; these in turn strongly suggest
that the peduncle played a very significant role in the enoplourid
economy. Chauvel (1941) maintains that he has evidence of two
ganglia in the adpeduncular corners of the Mitrocystella theca and
postulates a large nerve mass in the lumen of the proximal peduncle.
This localization of nerve centers, if Chauvel is correct, may well
correlate with the zone of maximum muscular activity in the organism.
The massive proximal peduncle and stylocone of Enoploura
would appear to be subequal to the whole theca in weight, and may
well have served as a counterbalance to the latter. Thus in a motile
benthonic organism temporary stability on the bottom would be
achieved. The stylocone plate and associated structures would appear
to have been a ventral anchor which increased the efficiency of the
peduncle as a counterbalance. The gross development of the styloid
in Enoploura may have permitted a more stable existence in swifter
bottom currents than would have been otherwise possible; the broad
lateral expansions of the process blades would have served excellently
to keep the organism from swinging sidewise in a stream of water.
Moreover, the different directions of curvature of the two stylocone
blades in Enoploura may well have served to keep the carpoid an-
chored in an oscillatory current setting, such as a tidal reversal on
shallow bottom. It is well known that such currents existed over the
crest of the Cincinnati Arch during the Eden and Maysville accumu-
lation (Bucher, 1919), and many of the calcarenites and coquinites
still preserve the oscillatory ripple bedding planes within them; more
often they preserve surface undulations due to destructional rather
than constructional work of the oscillating currents on the sea-floor
(megaripples). The anterior blade, with its proximal curvature
and blunt ploughshare median prominence, would have served as a
most effective stabilizer in a bottom current proceeding from the
peduncle toward the brachia; the second blade would have been
most effective for opposing a counter movement of a current.
It may be that the styloid served a kind of ratchet function in
“backward” locomotion when a definite need for a shift of scene was
indicated. This would be possible only if the theca and peduncle
42 BULLETIN I4I hia
were flexibly united, as they always seem to have been. ‘The proximal
overhang of the basal angles of most carpoid thecae would have made
any great lateral movements impossible. On the other hand, the
median emarginations of the carapace and plastron bespeak consid-
erable dorso-ventral mobility. The deeper emargination of the
plastron than of the carapace seems to indicate that the animal
flexed upward on the peduncle-thecal junction to a greater degree
than could the theca be raised distally from the same junction. The
shallowness of the proximal emargination of the carapace may cor-
relate with the relatively slight amount of distal elevation of the
theca to be expected from the prop function of the delicate and short
brachial spines, if they actually functioned thus.
Following this reasoning, it may have been possible for the
animal to shift position and even have achieved a kind of hitching
locomotion along the seafloor by a succession of up-flexings at the
proximal point of the body. Such locomotion might be visualized as
embracing these stages: a) with the stylocone anchor set in the sea-
floor sediments, the proximal point was upflexed, thus giving a slight
proximad movement of the theca; b) by dorsally recurving the
distal peduncle toward the theca, the stylocone would be released
from the sediment, and the proximal line come to lie again flat on
the bottom, thus completing the axial progression of this hitch;
c) by relaxation of dorsal peduncle muscle tension, and ventral
muscle contraction, the ventral stylocone would be once more em-
placed; probably concomitant with the process emplacement the
proximal upflexion took place.
Such inching along the seafloor need not have been any slower or
more painful than the progression of a terrestrial “measuring worm’’
insect larva. In the same beds with the Enopfloura remains, and
especially abundantly so in the Corryville formation of the Cincinnati
area, segmented “‘worm trails’ are found of proper proportions to
have fitted the carpoid body and styloid process.
~The axial progression of the enoplourid, as for all carpoids,
seemingly, may have been in part directed toward shifting scene in
accordance with the shifting of bottom currents, in which the animal
ted impassively on the fine particles washed over it by the moving
waters. It is conceivable also that the repeated stylocone emplace-
ment served a harrowing function, stirring the bottom and releasing
additional potential food particles for microphagic consumption.
It is premature as yet to define the direction of axial progress in
Enoploura, or any other carpoid; there is no general consensus as to
which was fore and aft in body orientation. Certainly there is a
great deal of evidence to support the general zoological concept of
cephalization deriving from the advantage inherent in extra-sensitivity
acquirement at the buccal, counter-current, end of a motile aquatic
113 Upper OrRbDOVICIAN ENOPLOURA: CASTER 43
creature. Whether the enoplourid (general carpoid) organization
and habitus have any bearing on the evolutionary history of cephalized
creatures must yet be ascertained.
Of course, if Chauvel (1941) is correct in his interpretation of
the orientation of the alimentary tract in Mitrocystella, then the
peduncle end of the calyx would be the buccal end, and the nerve
centers presumably anterior. Under this scheme the carpoid loco-
motion outlined above would have been in a “forward” direction
after all.
In the customary orientation of the Mitrata both mouth and
anus are located in the tegmenal area, between the brachia; the
gut is imagined as making a loop as in Pelmatozoic echinoderms.
Enoploura reveals no opening in the basal theca; nor do most
carpoids, apparently. Jaekel (1918) accounted for the absence of
an anal aperture in the Mitrata by suggesting that in adulthood the
alimentary tract became a blind caecum and that a single aperture in
the inter-brachial tegmenal area served both subvective and excretory
function through periodic pulsation of the gut. Enoploura affords no
answer to the problem; so far no apertures are known, although the
arcuate tegmenal area is large enough to accommodate a variety of
ostia. In E. pope it was noted that the second somatic plate is very
loosely set among the other plastron plates, and that the open sutures
are irregular and suggestive of openings into the interior of the
theca. “This may be purely an accidental condition. It seems sound-
est still to assume that Enoplowra was organized in much the manner
of the type species of Basslerocystis, according to Kirk’s (1911) plan.
Such a scheme may well apply to all the brachia-possessing Mitrata.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Every stage of the investigation of Enoploura, since Meek’s
original description of the species balanoides, has been based on
material discovered by and made available to science through the
generosity of amateur fossil-hunters. Very few specimens referable
to this genus have been found by professional geologists or paleonto-
logists. cate
The debt of Paleontology to the amateur collector is very great
indeed, and especially so for the materials on which knowledge of the
rich Cincinnatian fauna has been acquired during the last century.
Aware of the traditionally important role of the amateur in
paleontology, a large group of Cincinnatians have organized them-
selves during the last decade into a society of fossil-hunters, the “Dry
Dredgers,”’ dedicated to the furtherance of earth science. The De-
partment of Geology at the University of Cincinnati is proud to have
served as sponsor of the society, and is happy to acknowledge the
substantial additions to its scientific collections that this group has
44 BULLETIN 141 114
made over the years. Not a single paper treating of the local fossil!
fauna has appeared since the society was organized that Dry Dredger
material has not figured prominently in it. Several times, indeed,
such material has initiated an investigation as in the present instance.
Four specimens of Enoploura from the Cincinnati area were
loaned for comparisons by the United States National Museum
through the courtesy of Dr. G. Arthur Cooper, Curator of Paleonto-
logy and Paleobotany. Dr. Ray S. Bassler furnished data on rare
publications. Several papers inaccessible in Cincinnati were loaned
by Dr. G. Winston Sinclair of the University of Michigan who also
loaned important comparative materials of Middle Ordovician carpoids
from Canada.
The careful, microscopic preparation of the holotype of FE. pope:
was largely done by Mr. John K. Pope, discoverer, and generous
donor to the University of Cincinnati Museum. The drawings for
the text figures were made by my wife, Anneliese S. Caster, who
also helped in the preparation of the manuscript. The photographs
were made by Mr. William B. Macke. The excellence of the
technical contributions of each of these is self-evident.
LITERATURE CITED
Barrande, J.
1887. Class des Echinoderms. Ordre des Cystidées. Syst. Silur. centre
de la Bohéme. Pt. 1, 7:233 pp., 39 pls.
Bassler. R. S.
1906. A study of the James types of Ordovician and Silurian Bryozoa.
U. 6. Nat. Mus., Proc., 30: pp. 1-66.
1915. Bibliographic index of American Ordovician and Silurian fossils.
Ws SaNate Mus. Bulle soos yvolty x
1938. Pelmatozoa Palaeozoica (Generum et Genotyporum; Index et
Bibliographia). Fossil. Cat., vol. 83, 194 pp.
1943. New Ordovician cystidian echinoderms from Oklahoma. Amer.
Jour. Sci., 214: pp. 694-705, 1 pl.
1950. New genera of American Middle Ordovician “Cystoidea.” Wash-
ington) Acad. Sci., Jour, 40%pp. 273-277, 1 pl:
Bather, F. A.
1900. The Echinoderma. Jn Lankester, E. R, A treatise on Zoology.
Pt. 3, 216 pp. London.
1929. Echinoderms. The Encyclopedia Brittanica, 14th ed., pp. 895-904.
London.
1930. A class of Echinoderma without a trace of radial symmetry.
Arch. Zool. Ital., 14: pp. 413-439.
Billings, E.
1858. On the Cystidae of the Lower Silurian rocks of Canada. Canadian
Geol. Sury., Org. Remains, dec. 3, pp. 9-74, pls. 1-7.
115 Upper OrRpDovICIAN ENOPLOURA: CASTER 45
Braun, E. Lucy
1916. The Cincinnatian series and its brachiopods in the vicinity of
Cincinnati (Ohio). Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour., 22: pp. 18-42.
Bucher, Walter H.
1919. On ripples and related sedimentary surface forms and _ their
paleogeographic interpretation. Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 4, 47:pp-
149-210; 241-269, illus. ;
Chauvel, J.
1941. Recherches sur les Cystoides et les Carpoides amoricains. Théses
préesentées a La Faculté des Sciences de |’Université de Rennes ...
No; :d’Ord. 3; -sér: C, 284 pp:,..7. pls.
Dehm, R.
1933. Cystoideen aus dem _ rheinischen Unterdevons. Neues Jahrb.
Mineral., Beil. Bd. 69, Abt. B, pp. 63-93, pl. 2.
Flower, R. H.
1946. Ordovician cephalopods of the Cincinnati region. Pt. I. Bull.
Amer. Paleont., 29:vii and pp. 86-751, 50 pls.
Gislen, Torsten
1930. Affinities between Echinodermata, Enteropneusta and Chordonia.
Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, Bd. 12: pp. 199-304.
1947. On the Haplozoa and the interpretation of Peridionites. Idem,
Bd. 25, (Festskr. tillagnad Nils von Hofsten): pp. 402-408.
Gregory, W. K.
1935. Reduplication in Evolution. Quart. Rev. Biol., p. 272.
1951. Evolution emerging. Chap. 5, 2 vols., ill, Macmillan Co., New
York.
Haeckel, E.
1896. Die Amphorideen und Cystoideen. Beitrage zur Morphologie und
Phylogenie der Echinodermen. Festschr. z. Siebenzigsten Geburt-
stage v. C. Gegenbaur, Bd. 1:pp. 32-45, pl. 2, Leipzig.
Hall, James
1858. Paleontology: Containing descriptions and figures of the organic
remains of the Lower Helderberg group and the Oriskany sand-
stone. Geol. Surv. New York, Paleont. 3, pts. 1 (text), 2, plates.
Hecker, R.
1940. Ordovician and Devonian Echinoderms (Carpoidea, Eocrinoidea,
und Ophiocistia des Ordoviziums des Leningrader Gebietes und
Estland))s Acads Scisy U:ES:S:R.y ae 9; liven 4127 spp:, 16 pis:
Jaekel, O.
1900. Ueber Carpoideen, eine neue Klasse von Pelmatozoen. Deutsch.
Geol. Gesell., Zeit., Bd. 52: pp. 661-677.
1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paleont. Zeit., 3: Bd.
Z:pp. 1-128.
46 BULLETIN I4I 116
Kirk, E.
1g1t. The structure and relationships of certain eleutherozoic Pelmato-
zoa. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, 41: pp. 1-137, 11 pls.
de Koninck, L. G.
1896. Acad. Royal, Bull, 28 (2):pp. 57-65, 1 pl. (Eng. trams.: H.
Woodward, 1870, ‘‘some new and remarkable echinoderms from
the British Paleozoic rocks,” Geol. Mag., 7: pp. 258-263, pl. 7.)
Meek, F. B.
1872. Description of mew species of fossils from the Cincinnati group
of Ohio. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 3, 3 ser.: pp. 423-425-
1873. Descriptions of invertebrate fossils of the Silurian and Devonian
systems (Ohio). Ohio Geol. Surv., Rept., Paleont. Ohio, 1, pt. 2:
pp. 1-246, pls. 1-23.
Miller, S. A.
1889. North American geology and paleontology for the use of amateurs,
students and scientists. Pp. 718. Cincinnati.
Patten, Wm.
1912. The evolution of the vertebrates and their kin. Blakiston’s Son
& Co., Philadelphia.
Reed, F. R. C.
1925. Revision of the fauna of the Bokkeveld beds. S. African Mus.
Ann., 22: pp. 27-226, pls. 4-11.
Regnell, G.
1915- Non-crinoid Pelmatozoa from the Paleozoic rocks of Sweden.
Lunds Geol.-Mineral. Inst., Meddel., Nr. 108:255 pp., 15 pls.
1948. Echinoderms (Hydrophoridea, Ophiocistia) from the Ordovician
(Upper Skiddavian, 3 c B) of the Oslo Region. Norsk geol.
tidskrift, Bd. 27:pp. 14-58, 2 pls.
Rennie, J. V. L.
1936. On Placocystella, 2 new getius of cystids from the Lower Devonian
of South Africa. S. African Mus., Ann., 31: pp. 269-275.
Schuchert, C.
1904. On Silurie and Devonic Cystidea and Camarocrinus. Smithsonian
Misc. Coll., 47: pp. 201-272, pls. 34-44.
Thoral, A.
1935. Contribution a Ilétude paléontologique de l’ordovicien inférieur
de la Montagne Noire et révision sommaire de la faune cam-
brienne de la Montagne Noire. Montpellier. Pp. 362, 35 pls.
Van Fossen, J. D.
1951. A study of the Rafinesquinae of the Middle Maysville (Upper
Ordovician), Cincinnati. Thesis (M.S.), Uniy. Cincinnati. Pp.
98, 4 pls. (Typed).
117 Upper OrpoviciaN ENopLouRA: CASTER 47
Wetherby, A. G.
1879. Description of a new family and genus of Lower Silurian Crus-
tacea. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, Jour., 1, No. 4 (Jan.):pp. 162-
TOO) LS 7 OAc aesny vol) 2. (Apr) pl. 7) hes -1ne4
Whitehouse, F. W.
1941. Early Cambrian echinoderms similar to the larval stages of
Recent forms. Queensland Mus, Mem., 11, pt. 1: pp. 1-28, pl. 1-4,
9 text fig.
Wilson, Alice E.
1946. Echinodermata of the Ottawa formation of the Ottawa - St.
Lawrence Lowland. Can. Dept. Mines and Res., Mines and Geol.
Br., Geol. Surv., Bull. 4:61 pp., 6 pls.
Withers, T. H.
1926. Catalogue of the Machaeridea (Turrilepas and its allies) in the
Department of Geology. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 99 pp., 8 pls.
Wolburg, J.
1938. Beitrag zum Problem der Machaeridia. Paleont. Zeit., Bd. 20:
pp. 289 298.
Woodward, H.
1880. Notes on the Anomalocystidae, a remarkable family of Cystoidea
found in the Silurian rocks of North America and Britain. Geoi.
Mag., 7 (dec. 2): pp. 193-202, pl. 6.
PIVACES
PIVAre vie405))
The cost of the plates was met by the Faber Fund for Paleontology of
the University of Cincinnati Museum.
50 BULLETIN 141 120
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 (5)
Figure Page
1-3) Enoploura: popei! Caster; 1. {Spy Peseta d-1ekee oer everietoeore 34
Three views of holotype. Fig. 1 plastron (concave) view;
fig. 2, carapace (convex) side; fig. 3 “left” side, plastron
side down. Line between figs. 1 and 2 represents natural
median length. Corryville formation (Upper Ordovician:
Maysville), Stonelick Creek, Clermont Co., Ohio. Univ.
Cincinnati Mus. No. 25993.
4=65) Enoploura, popeil Casters mnt Spy 0... cee ae ae eee enero 37
Three views of paratype, No. 2. Fig. 4 carapace side;
fig. 5, plastron; fig. 6, lateral view. The line between
figs. 4 and 5 represents natural median length of the
fragment. Corryville formation, Tower Lake quarry, near
Dent, Ohio, outskirts of Cincinnati, Ohio. Univ. Cincinnati
Mus. No. 25257.
No. 141, Pu. 1
LL. AMER. PALEONT.
- BU
Pu. 5, Vou. 34
ete
eres re
‘ ee ae ead
Figure
BULLETIN I4I 122
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2 (6)
Page
152) = Enoplouta,. cSDe sesctec cine ee a ietenarnele stoleneyher olsen vette el cae ns 30
Possibly referable to E. crustacea (Haeckel). Fig. 1 shows
interior view of the plastron and is noteworthy for the
preservation of the anteriorly converging carinae. Many
flattened polygonal plates at the anterior end probably
represent portions of the original tegmen. Fig. 2 is an
amplification of the anterior region to show the crenula-
tions on an adtegmenal plate (possibly the ‘‘M” plate).
Horizon unknown but presumably Upper Richmond, from
Madison, Indiana. Univ. Cincinnati Mus. No. 25708.
Line represents median natural length of the calyx.
3-6) sEnoplouray crustacea, (GHaeckell) (occa keee
7-9.
Enoploura balanoides (Meek)
Fig. 3-5 are drawings of the Newton specimen illustrated by
Wetherbyi 1879A, pl. 7, fig. 1d,e,f from the Upper Rich-
mond subseries, Richmond, Indiana. This is the holotype
of Haeckel’s (1896) species. Fig. 6 appears to be con-
specific but was -referred to his species with doubt by
Haeckel. This is the Patterson specimen, from the Upper
Richmond, at Oxford, Ohio, which Wetherby (1879A)
illustrated as fig. rg. Natural size.
Three views of the type species. This is the Harper speci-
men and only example known of the species, s.s., and only
carpoid so far recovered from the type horizon. Illustra-
tions from Meek, 1873, pl. 6 bis.. fig. 6a-c. From an
elevation above mean low water of the Ohio River at
Cincinnati, Ohio (Wetherby 1879), which corresponds to
the Fairmount formation (Maysville). Natural size.
10-12. Enoploura wetherbyi Caster, n. Sp. ..............0. 22sec cues
Three views of the holotype which is Wetherby’s specimen
from the Upper Ricnamond at Osgood, Indiana. From
Wetherby (1879A, pl. 7, fig. 1, 1a,b). Natural size.
36
32
No. 141, Pu. 2
Buu. AMER. PALEONT.
PL. 6, VoL. 34
54 BULLETIN I4I 124
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3 (7)
Figure Page
1-3. Enoploura popei Caster, n. SD. ........... 0c cee cee cee twee 37
Three views of paratype No. 2. See also Plate 1, fig. 4-6.
Univ. Cincinnati Mus. No. 25257.
4-6. Enoploura popei Caster, n. Sp. .......0025.5cerseodoenseres 36
Three views of paratype, No. 1. From the Corryville for-
mation on Ravine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Collector:
Joseph Stocker. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 114798. Length
indicated by line to right.
PG, 7 VOL, 34 Buu. AMER. PALEONT. No. 141, PL. 3
Pade i
Teo v :
»
af
Pratz 4 (8)
j
*~
nA
>
BULLETIN I4I
126
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4 (8)
Figure Page
1-3. Enoploura meeki Caster, nN. SP. ....-.-....2- eee cee ee eens 39
Three views of holotype. From the Waynesville formation,
Clarksville, Ohio. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 93346. Width
indicated by line at top of page.
4-7. Enoploura popei Caster, NM. SD. . 2-020... ce. cece ce rena yeue 38
Three views of paratype, No. 3. From the Corryville
formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. U. S. Nat. Mus. No.
93345. Length indicated by lines at bottom of page.
8. Enoploura popei Caster, n. Sp. .........-.-. see eee ee eee eee 37
Peduncular view of paratype, No. 2. See Plates 1 and 3.
BuLL. AMER. PALEONT.
No. 141, Pu. 4
1 Re
tae Saat?
he ai
i
' Li :
VOL. XXXIV
po ne re
eae Geer eet ed) elie FY 14 |
Rese ai aor. AUG
Haay
NUMBER 142,00
1952
Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca, New York ©
U.S. A:
BULLETINS
OF
AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
Vol. 34
No. 142
NEW OSTRACODA FROM THE MIDDLE SILURIAN
NEWSCM SHALE OF TENNESSEE
By
R. W. Morris and B. L. Hill
October 13, 1952
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION
ITHACA, NEW YorK
U. S. A.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PENEYS Chit Came ote eres Pa oe SS, oo see eb en oe eo gs TaN aie Miele wi a ote ans aus ee svar chara icin este sete cates 5
PEE OCU CELIO erat cree crave tere RTL Tote Me eres aro eestee exsastey ces aaa thep cee Nets clorstite 5
PNEKNO WEA SIMENES. yornar stately eve eres: spate aheterctera sfetsrevenai’e: ater ays ore a eros here oeahcl eusis: svejayavere 6
LOCA Tn 7 Sets cere CISEn OO CO ie Ree EIrEetD ic ROE ODIO PRI Soom oa Cae 7
DCEO OR enn eaccine cere aininiorcib piel Geice iar oo pico GInISIakc clean SRNR Bhoree cro rae 7
Syistematicry G@eSCriptLOMS mcs «/<feleycvene choi ct seuslioseietey eve were @.siars) axcles= teint Chauehs crategeev siemens 7
IRERETENICES eerste vero c tena ter ex stars oo isl nse) Gisuasecosobarer ates) he a /oyst acest aetna ei ahs, oy Merencieiiets 17
TIIOCh Sep ees ates Seo OIC OIRO a i ny ARE nes creme i APE ROS 19
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NEW OSTRACODA FROM THE MIDDLE SILURIAN
NEWSOM SHALE OF TENNESSEE
R. W. Morris AnpD B. L. HI
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
ABSTRACT
Seven new species of Ostracoda belonging to six genera are described
from the Middle Silurian Newsom shale of Tennessee. Thlipsuroides, Hemi-
aechminoides, Newsomites, Spinobairdia, and Pseudocyproides are new genera
The definition of Daleiella is expanded to include a new species, the first
known from North America.
INTRODUCTION
The Silurian Ostracoda of the Appalachian Province of the
United States are well known from the work of Ulrich and Bassler
(1923) and of Swartz (1933). Coryell and Williamson (1936)
have described a fauna from the Waldron shale of Indiana, and a
few other papers describing one or two species each have been
published. With these few exceptions the Silurian Ostracoda of most
of the United States remain practically a virgin field of study. The
authors originally planned to describe the entire ostracod fauna of the
Newsom shale, but it soon became apparent that this would be
impractical without access to a large number of European publications,
many of them published in journals which can be consulted in only a
few of our largest libraries. For this reason only a few of the
more conspicuous elements of the fauna are described in the present
paper. It is hoped that circumstances will permit publication of the
remainder of the fauna at a later date.
The Newsom shale, as exposed in the vicinity of its type secticn
at Newsom, Tennessee, is a soft calcareous shale which upon
weathering soon breaks down into a yellowish clay. It contains an
abundant fauna of megafossils which is closely related to that of the
Waldron shale of Indiana. Only a small minority of the megafossils
6 BULLETIN 142 132
of the two formations are not common to both, and the exceptions are
usually the rarer species. “To the casual collector the only noticeable
differences in the faunas are the somewhat greater abundance of
corals and pelecypods in the Newsom shale and the greater predomin-
ence of brachiopods in the Western shale. In addition, the rather
common but inconspicuous Hyolithes newsomensis appears to be
restricted to the Newsom shale.
In view of this similarity of the megafossils of the two forma-
tions, it was with considerable surprise that we found only one
Waldron ostracod species occurring commonly in the Newsom,
although extensive search eventually yielded representatives of six
cthers. The following species described from the Waldron shale
have been found in the Newsom, but, with the exception of
“Leperditia’”’ faba, they are extremely rare and are represented in our
Newsom collections by only one or two specimens:
Aechminaria robusta Coryell and Williamson
?Bairdia planoconvexa Coryell and Williamson
Beyrichia waldronensis Ulrich and Bassler
Bythocypris? sinuosa Coryell and Williamson
Euprimitia elongata Coryell and Williamson
“Leperditia” faba Hall
Paraechmina indianensis Coryell and Williamson
: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We regret that space does not allow us to thank individually
everyone who has contributed to this paper, but the two persons in
whose honor we have named Spinobairdia kellettae and Spinobairdia
shideleri have made especially significant contributions.
Mrs. E. H. Nadeau (Betty Kellett) formerly of Washington
University, St. Louis, Missouri, made many valuable suggestions
regarding the relationships of several of the new genera and gave
treely of her time at all stages of the preparation of the manuscript.
Any merit which this paper may possess is due in large measure to
her constructive criticism.
Dr. W. H. Shideler of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio,
originally suggested the problem and has continued to give the
authors the benefit of his advice and encouragement.
133 ‘TENNESSEE SILURIAN OstrAcops: Morris AND FATED, 7
LOCALITY
All of the Ostracoda described in this paper were taken from
2 single exposure of the Newsom shale in a small abandoned quarry
in the side of a hill overlooking Newsom, Tennessee, from the north-
northwest. The hill lies just west of the road entering Newsom
from the north and just south of the railroad track, in the south-
west quadrant of their intersection.
ILLUSTRATIONS
All illustrations are camera lucida drawings by the junior author.
They have been independently checked for accuracy by Mrs. Betty
Kellett Nadeau and the senior author.
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS
Family APARCHITIDAE Jones, 1901
Genus HEMIAECHMINOIDES Morris and Hill, n. gen.
Type species—Hemiacchminoides monospinus Morris and Hill,
n. sp.
Description. — Carapace subovate; hinge line long, straight,
slightly less than greatest length; right valve overlaps left on all free
margins; left valve expanded upward and outward dorsally into a
dorsally flattened expansion which is produced into an upward, out-
ward, and backward pointing spine; right valve bears neither dorsal
expansion nor spine. Hingement unknown.
The left valve of Hemiaechminoides, if found alone, would
probably be assigned to the genus Aechmina, but the lack of a spine
on the right valve and the presence of overlap demonstrate a complete
lack of relationship to that genus. The unornamented right valve
might easily be confused with Leperditia if found alone, but no other
described genus is likely to be confused with Hemiaechminoides if
complete carapaces are available.
Range.—Miiddle Silurian, known only from the Newsom shale of
‘Tennessee.
Aechmina inaequalis Roth (1929) may be related to Hemi-
aechminoides, although it certainly is not congeneric with the type
8 BULLETIN 142 134
species. Its more recent assignment to Phanassymetria’ (Warthin,
1945) may be correct, but the fact that Roth did not include it in
Phanassymetria when he described the genus, even though 4. inae-
gualis was described in the same paper, shows that he did not consider
it typical of Phanassymetria. The present authors have been unable
to examine the types. “The presence of the large normal pore canals
ot Phanassymetria would indicate probable affinities with that genus,
whereas their absence would indicate that it is probably a new genus
related to Hemiaechminoides.
Hemiaechminoides menospinus Morris and Hill, n.sp. Plate 2, figs. 2a-c;
Text fig. 1 h-j
Description—Carapace subovate in lateral view; hinge line
straight, about three-quarters greatest length; ventral margin convex;
ends rounded, meeting hinge line at obtuse cardinal angles; greatest
length slightly above midheight; greatest height at about middle of
posterior half; right valve larger than left, overlapping it rather
evenly on all free edges; overlap is slightly greater at ends; left valve
expanded dorsally above and beyond hinge line; expansion is produced
into an upward, outward, and backward pointing spine; base of spine
is not well defined but grades into convexity of dorsal expansion;
spine thins rapidly, probably terminating in a thin sharp point in
specimens where it is well preserved. Lenticular in dorsal view;
ends narrowly rounded, sides evenly convex. Surface smooth.
Hingement unknown.
As seems to be true in most Ostracoda, the posterior “fills out’’
during ontogeny; the posterior of young specimens is, therefore,
narrower than that of adults. In addition there is slight variation
in the length-height ratio; this seems to be due to individual variation
1 Since the above was written the senior author has had the opportunity to
examine topotypes of the type species of Phanassymetria Roth, 1929, and of
Pachydomella Ulrich, 1891. The two species seem to be congeneric, which
would make Phanassymetria a subjective junior synonym of Pachydomella.
Both are thick shelled and possess coarse normal pore canals similar to those
of Tubulibairdia, from which they differ in the presence of a conspicuous
dorsal groove. In general outline of lateral and dorsal aspects the two
species are similar to each other, as well as to the type species of Tubuli-
bairdia. Apparently both Pachydomella (Phanassymetria) and Tubulibairdia
belong in the Bairdiidae. The tendency toward development of a dorsal
groove in the Bairdiidae may be seen in an undescribed species of “Bairdia”
from the Permian of Texas. (See Kellett, 1943, Permian Ostracodes, Jour.
Paleont., vol. 17, p. 621).
135 “TENNESSEE SILURIAN OstRAcops: Morris AND HILL 9
rather than dimorphism, as intermediate stages have been found
between the extremes.
Measurements.—Holotype: length, 0.86 mm.; height, 0.55 mm.;
paratypes: length, 0.94 mm., 0.74 mm., and 0.52 mm.; height, 0.52
mm., 0.48 mm., and 0.28 mm.
Repository.—Holotype and figured paratypes: United States
National Museum, Nos. 123223 and 123224a-c. Unfigured para-
Ih
Text figure——r1a-d. Daleiella americana Morris and Hill, n. sp.: a. The
holotype, a mature individual, b,c. Two paratypes. c is the smallest
individual found. d. Thin section of an adult individual through the
approximate position of greatest height. re-g. Newsomites monospinus
Morris and Hill, n. sp. The holotype (largest specimen) and two
paratypes showing increase of dorsal inflation and relatively rapid
development of posterior with increasing age. th-j. Hemiaechminoides
monospinus Morris and Hill, n. sp. Three paratypes showing ontogeny.
Note “filling out’ of posterior with increasing age. Varying appear-
ance of dorsal spines is due to preservation. All figures 38.4.
10 BULLETIN 142 136
types: American Museum of Natural History; Paleontological
Research Institution; Paleontologisk Museum, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway; Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main, Germany.
This species is common at Newsom.
Family THLIPSURIDAE Ulrich, 1894
Genus THLIPSUROIDES Morris and Hill, n. gen.
Type species—Thlipsuroides thlipsuroides Morris and Hill,
n. sp.
Description ——Carapace subreniform; left valve narrowly over-
laps right. Surface of each valve bears two elongate subparallel
grooves which may be bordered posteriorly by a poorly defined ridge.
The presence of large pits at bottom of the grooves may also be a
character of generic importance. Hingement unknown.
Thlipsuroides resembles the Middle Devonian genus Bairdites
but differs in having two elongate grooves in place of the large
posterior depression of that genus. In addition the overlap is much
less pronounced.
Range.—Middle Silurian to Lower Devonian, Newsom shale
of Tennessee and Haragan marl of Oklahoma. An_ undescribed
species has been noted by the senior author in the Middle Silurian
Bainbridge formation of Missouri.
Although Thlipsuroides resembles certain Bairdiidae in shape
and in the possession of a somewhat pointed posterior, it is believed
that the ornament more strongly indicates affinity with the Thlipsuri-
dae. Bairdites, placed in the Bairdiidae by the original authors, may
be more closely allied with the Thlipsuridae. Until the types can be
restudied with this possibility in mind it is tentatively left in the
Bairdiidae.
Previously described species belonging in Thlipsuroides are
Thlipsura striatopunctata Roth and Thlipsura parallela Roth, both
trom the Lower Devonian Haragan marl of Oklahoma.
Thlipsuroides thlipsuroides Morris and Hill, n. sp. Plate 2, fig. 1 a,b
Description. — Carapace subreniform; dorsal margin evenly
rounded; anterior margin narrowly rounded; ventral margin sinuate,
concave slightly anterior of midlength, convex at ends; central area
of valves flattened, with surface sloping sharply downward to free
edges; greatest length well below midheight; greatest height at or
137. ‘TENNESSEE SILURIAN OstTRAcops: Morris AND HILL II
somewhat posterior to midlength; left valve larger than right, over-
iapping it except for part of postdorsal slope; overlap is more pro-
nounced along anterodorsal slope and in concave portion of ventral
margin; at posterior left valve projects backward and above narrowly
rounded right valve, forming a bluntly pointed posterior. Each valve
is ornamented by two subparallel longitudinal furrows which extend
along central portion of valve for slightly more than half its length;
ventral furrow is nearly straight, but shows tendency to curve upward
at ends; dorsal furrow is convex upward; furrows of irregular depth,
ceeper pitlike depressions appear at irregular intervals along their
length; furrows bordered at posterior by a conspicuous but poorly
defined ridge. In dorsal view sides are flattened, curving evenly
inward at anterior; at posterior the flattened sides break sharply
inward at posterior ridge and become slightly concave as they approach
posterior extremity. Surface smooth. Hingement unknown.
Measwrements.——Holotype: length, 1.88 mm.; height, 0.95 mm.
Repository—Holotype: United States National Museum, No.
123225. Unfigured paratypes: American Museum of Natural Hist-
cry; Paleontological Research Institution; Paleontologisk Museum,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-
am-Main, Germany.
Thlipsuroides thlipsuroides ditters from TJ. striatopunctata
(Roth) in its greater size, its proportionately greater length, and in
the flatness of its sides. From JT. parallela (Roth) it differs in the
possession of a more conspicuous posterior ridge and its proportionately
greater length. ‘The species is rather common.
Family BAIRDIIDAE Sars, 1887
Genus SPINOBAIRDIA Morris and Hill, n. gen.
Type species —Spinobairdia kellettae Morris and Hill, n. sp.
Description.—Carapace small, elengate, Bairdia-like in side view;
posterior acuminate; anterior narrowly rounded to acuminate; left
valve larger than right, overlapping on all free edges; overlap
strongest at dorsum. A large spine projects outward just behind mid-
length of each valve. Ventral surface tends to be flattened.
Range.—Miiddle Silurian, known only from the Newsom shale
of Tennessee.
The relationships of Spinobairdia to Bairdia and related genera
12 BULLETIN 142 138
are not clear. “The shape of the carapace is more like a typical
Carboniferous Bairdia than are most early Paleozoic species assigned
to that genus; indeed, if it were not for their possession of a large
spine on each valve, neither of the two known species of Spinobairdia
would look out of place in a Carboniferous fauna.
Spinobairdia kellettae Morris and Hill, n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 2 a-c
Description —Carapace small, elongate; hinge line straight,
slightly more than one-third greatest length; dorsal slopes long and
straight; anterior narrowly rounded; anteroventral margin straight,
meeting straight ventral margin proper at a rounded obtuse angle;
ventral margin curves gently upward to bluntly acuminate posterior ;
ereatest height at about middle of anterior half; greatest length well
below midheight. Left valve narrowly overlaps right on all free
margins, most conspicuously, although still narrowly, on ventral!
margin anterior of midlength, forming a slight ventral lip; left valve
extends dorsally beyond straight hinge line to give gently convex
dorsal outline. Somewhat spindlelike in dorsal view; anterior sharply
pointed, posterior somewhat less so. A conspicuous spine extends
outward and slightly upward just behind midlength of each valve
at about midheight; spine circular in section, broadens rapidly at base
to merge with convexity of valve. Surface smooth.
Measurements.—Holotype: length, 0.99 mm.; height, 0.44 mm.
Repository.—Holotype: United States National Museum, No.
1232206.
Spinobairdia kellettae is rare at Newsom.
Spinobairdia shideleri Morris and Hill, n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 3 a,b
Description.—Carapace small, elongate; hinge line straight or
nearly so; dorsal margin broadly convex, straightens somewhat as it
enters the anterior and posterior slopes; ventral margin nearly straight,
curves upward to the subequal bluntly pointed ends; greatest height
at about middle of anterior half; greatest length slightly below mid-
height. Left valve larger than right, overlapping it on all margins;
overlap conspicuous at dorsum and along postdorsal slope, elsewhere
less pronounced. In dorsal view valves are evenly convex; anterior
sharply pointed; posterior somewhat blunter; greatest thickness at
about midlength. Ventral surface flattened. A conspicuous spine
139 TENNESSEE SILURIAN Ostracops: Morris AND HILL 13
extends outward and backward from each valve, originating slightly
behind midlength at about midheight. Surface smooth.
Measurements.—Holotype: length, 0.74 mm.; height, 0.33 mm.
Repository.—Holotype: United States National Museum, No.
123227. Unfigured paratypes: American Museum of Natural His-
tory; Paleontological Research Institution.
Spinobairdia shideleri differs most conspicuously from 8S. kellettae
in the definite backward inclination of the spines. In addition the
udult of S. shideleri is somewhat smaller and the dorsal overlap is
more pronounced. S. shideleri is rare at Newsom.
Genus DALEIELLA Boucek, 1937
Daleiella Bouéek, 1937, Soc. Roy. Bohéme, Mém. for 1936, No. 2, p. 7, fig. 5.
Type species—Cythere corbuloides Jones and Holl, 1869.
Boucek’s original diagnosis of Daleiella is as follows:
Carapace strongly inequivalved; smaller valve rather strongly convex,
larger typically triangular (in cross section) with a flat middle portion. The
cirapace, seen from above, is somewhat pointed anteriorly and very thick.
( Translation.)
The American species described below seems to be congeneric
with the type species of Daleiella, although a redefinition of the genus
is neccessary to accommodate it. The definitely acuminate posterior
of the new species suggests that Bouéek’s orientation should be
reversed, making the left valve the larger. Daleiella, as expanded,
may be described as follows:
Description.—Carapace strongly inequivalved with left valve the
larger; subtriangular in section, with broad flattened venter; left
valve flattened laterally; right valve either flattened laterally or
convex, may be acuminate posteriorly. Hinge line slightly to strongly
impressed. Hingement unknown.
Range.—Middle Silurian, Newsom shale of Tennessee, Wenlock
of England, and Silurian (e-a) of Bohemia.
Certain species of Daleiella bear some resemblance to Phanas-
symetria Roth or Tubulibairdia Swartz, but the American species,
at least, lacks the thick shell and the coarse normal pores of those
genera.
Daleiella americana Morris and Hill, n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 1 a,b:
Text figs. 1 a-d
Description.—Carapace tumid; hinge line straight, depreszed,
14 BULLETIN 142 140
slightly more than one-third length of carapace; dorsal margin convex,
broadly rounded posteriorly, somewhat truncate anteriorly; anterior
margin evenly convex; posterior acuminate; greatest height near
middle of anterior half; greatest length well below midheight; left
valve much larger than right, overlapping it on all edges; overlap
strongest at dorsum and at middle of flattened venter, narrower at
anterior. Posterior of right valve produced into a laterally flattened
spine which projects beyond the bluntly pointed posterior of larger
tight valve. Valves strongly tumid ventrally, breaking sharply inward
so that venter is nearly flat; greatest thickness slightly in front os
midleneth near venter. Surface smooth. Hingement unknown.
Measurements—Holotype: length, 1.15 mm.; height, .64 mm.;
paratypes: lengths, 0.85 mm. and 0.43 mm., heights, 0.53 mm. and
0.29 mm.
Repository—Holotype and figured paratypes: United States
National Museum, Nos. 123228 and 123229 a,b. Unfigured para-
types (young specimens): American Museum of Natural History,
Paleontological Research Institution.
Daleiella americana differs from D. corbuloides and other known
species of Daleiella in the presence of the posterior spine of the right
valve and in the central flattening of the right valve. D. americana
is the only known species of Daleiella from North America. The
species is not uncommon at Newsom, but most specimens found are
young individuals. Adults are very rare.
Genus NEWSOMITES Morris and Hill, n. gen.
Type species—Newsomites pertumidus Morris and Hill, n. sp.
Description —Carapace very tumid, with thickness nearly equal
to length; shell thick; one valve overlaps the other except along
hinge line; valves strongly inflated, expanded dorsally; hinge line
short, straight, depressed; posterior margin narrowly rounded; poster-
ior relatively compressed. In dorsal view posterior is pointed.
Surface smooth. Hingement unknown.
This genus was at first oriented with the most strongly inflated
portion at the venter, as is the case with Brachycythere and other
similar post-Paleozoic genera, but thin sections have shown the
presence of hingement proving that the orientation here adopted is
correct, at least with respect to top and bottom.
141 TENNESSEE SILURIAN OstTrAcops: Morris AND HILL 15
The extreme tumidity and expanded dorsum distinguish New-
somites from most other genera. It bears some resemblance to
Tub:libairdia but lacks the coarse normal pore canals of that genus.
Range.—Middle Silurian. Known only from the Newsom shale
of ‘Tennessee.
Newsomites pertumidus Morris and Hill, n. sp. Plate 2, figs. 3 a-c;
ext: figs, dl! e-g
Description.—Carapace small, very tumid; hinge line straight,
depressed; dorsum strongly inflated, convex; anterior margin evenly
rounded; ventral margin slightly convex to nearly straight, bends
upward posteriorly into truncate postventral margin; posterior margin
narrowly rounded, acute, relatively compressed; left valve usually
overlaps right on all free margins, but overlap may be reversed;
greatest length slightly above midheight; greatest height and thickness
at about midlength. In dorsal! view posterior is pointed, sides strongly
and rather evenly convex; thickness only slightly less than length.
Surface is faintly pitted, but this is probably due to weathering.
Measurements.—Holotype: length, 0.89 mm.; height, 0.62 mm.
Paratypes: lengths, 0.77 mm. and 0.64 mm.; heights, 0.50 mm. and
0.48 mm. Paratype with reversed overlap: length, 0.90 mm.; height,
0.05 mm,
Repository.—Holotype and figured paratypes: United States
National Museum, Nos. 123231 and 123232 a-c. Unfigured para-
types: American Museum of Natural History, Paleontological
Research Institution; Paleontologisk Museum, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway; Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main, Germany.
Genus PSEUDOCYPROIDES Morris and Hill, n. gen.
Type species—Pseudocyproides alatus Morris and Hill, n. sp.
Description.—Carapace small, Bairdia-like in side view; ventral
surface nearly flat with the edges extending outward to form a thin
alate expansion which in dorsal view resembles a frame around the
vaulted carapace; left valve overlaps right in dorsal, anterior, and
posterior margins. Surface smooth. Hingement unknown.
Range.—Mliddle Silurian, known only from Newsom shale of
‘Tennessee.
In general appearance Pseudocyproides strongly resembles the
Recent genus Pseudocypris Daday (see Sars, 1924 and 19244), but
16 BULLETIN 142 142
it differs from that genus in the much smaller size of the adult and
in the possession of a definite overlap. Pseudocypris is known only
trom freshwater in Africa, whereas Pseudocyproides occurs in un-
doubted marine sediments. Pseudocypris, on the incontravertable
evidence of the soft parts, is assigned to the family Cypridae. Because
of the overlap and bairdian shape of Pseudocyproides it is here tenta-
tively placed in the Bairdiidae. It is believed that the strong resem-
blance of the two genera is a striking example of homeomorphy rather
than a demonstration of true relationship. The great time interval
between the occurrences of the two genera seems to strengthen this
belief.
Pseudocyproides alatus Morris and Hill, n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 4 a-c
Description.—Carapace small, Bairdia-like in side view; dorsum
convex, arched; anterior margin narrowly rounded; posterior sub-
acuminate; ventral margin sinuate, with anterior extremity extending
slightly below plane of ventral face; greatest length just above ventral
margin; greatest height at midlength; left valve larger than right,
overlapping most conspicuously along dorsal margin, somewhat less
along anterior and posterior slopes. Venter is flattened, extends
laterally into alate expansion without break. In dorsal view this
thin alate expansion may be seen to encompass the posterior three
quarters of the carapace, resembling a flattened frame around the
vaulted carapace; widest portion of expansion just posterior of mid-
length; anteriorly it curves gently inward to merge with the outline
of the carapace proper at a point about one quarter of the length
from the anterior extremity; posteriorly it curves backward, roughly
paralleling outline of carapace, curving inward at posterior extremity.
Surface smooth.
Measurements.—Holotype: length, 0.53 mm.; height, 0.25 mm.
Repository.—Holotype: United States National Museum, No.
123230.
P. alatus resembles most species of the living genus Pseudocypris
but is easily distinguished from them by its much smaller size and its
possession of overlap. Known species of Pseudocypris display sexuai
dimorphism, whereas available material of Pseulocyproides shows no
dimorphism.
This species is very rare at Newsom.
143. TENNESSEE SILURIAN OstTRAcops: Morris AND HILL i)
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1941. Uber Morphologie und Okologie der fossilen Ostracoden. Sencken-
bergiana, vol. 23, pp. 294-400, 15 pls., 2 figs.
Ulrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S.
1908. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Preliminary revision of
the Beyrichtidae, with descriptions of new genera. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc., vol. 35, pp. 277-340, pls. 37-44, 61 figs.
1923. Systematic paleontology - Ostracoda. In Maryland Geol. Surv.,
Silurian vol., pp. 500-704, pls. 36-55.
Wilson, C. W.
1935. The ostracode fauna of the Birdsong shale, Helderberg, of
western Tennessee. Jour. Paleont., vol. 9, pp. 629-646, pls. 77, 78.
Wright, L. M.
1948. A Handbook of Paleozoic Ostracoda. | Privately published,
pp. 138, 16 pls., tables, chart.
PLAVES
PLATE I (9)
Figure
BULLETIN 142 149
e
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 (9)
Page
Daleiella americana Morris and Hill, n.sp .................... 13
a, b. Dorsal and right valve views of holotype.
Spinobairdia kellettae Morris and Hill, nsp. ................ 12
a-c. Dorsal, anterior, and right valve views of holotype.
Spinobairdia shideleri Morris and Hill, nsp. ................. 12
a. Right valve view of holotype. b. Dorsal view of holotype
with spines restored from a paratype.
Pseudocyproides alatus Morris and Hill, nsp. ................. 16
a-c. Dorsal, right valve, and anterior views of holotype.
All figures X45
Pu. 9; Vou. 34
Buin. Ayer. PALEONT,
No. 142, Pr. 1
ie
“
PLATE 2 (10)
22 BULLETIN 142 148
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2 (10)
Figure Page
1. Thlipsuroides thlipsuroides Morris and Hill, nsp. .......... 10
a, b. Dorsal and right valve views of holotype.
2. Hemiaechminoides monospinus Morris and Hill, n.sp. ......... 8
a-c. Dorsal, posterior, and left valve views of holotype.
3. Newsomites pertumidus Morris and Hill, nsp. ............... 15
a-c. Right valve, ventral, and anterior views of holotype.
d. Left valve view of paratype showing reversal of over-
lap.
All figures X40
Pu. 10, Vou. 34 Buu. AMER. PALEON
No. 142, Pr. 2
3b 3d
‘BULLETINS
AMERICAN .
PALEONTOLOGY
VOL. XXXIV
NUMBER 143
1952
Paleontological Research Institution
thaca, New Yor
S.A!
CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA
Volume 1.
BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
(Nos. 1-5). 354 pp., 32 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 6-10). 347 pp., 23 pls.
Tertiary Mollusca and Foraminifera, ‘Paleozoic faunas.
(Noss sTE=15) oi 402 spp N29 PIS Mitre eet cy neers er ce velban 13.00
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and’
faunas.
(Noshe16=27 yo) TEE Dp eG MD Say i eee setae ie oh cane ele le uetlats bela 6.00
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and
faunas.
(Nosi22-30) oda 7 De MGB OLS ey ANN Wak unable! eaacuhs ike apatin aa 8.00
Tertiary fossils mainly Santo Domingan, Mesozoic and
Paleozoic fossils.
(Nos. S1).45, 268) Ops SO US Vee My ee EM Va Re Ego ay ate 10.00
Claibornian Eocene pelecypods.
(NO3(32) te STSO Dp ls OS ISH Mee etna ras pohat a blo bae deniers anual 12.00
Claibornian Eocene scaphopods, gastropods, and
cephalopods.
(NOS) 33 =36) BS 7G DD a Loy DIS iia soe aie als ieee er aanoan ue ahh a an 9.00
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 37-39). 462 pp., 35 pls. ................. Ha Een MAE 8.00
Tertiary Mollusca mainly from Costa Rica.
(Nos. 40-42). 382 pp., 54 pls.
Tertiary forams and mollusks mainly from Trinidad
and Paleozoic fossils.
(NOS! 43246) 2 272 py AT ISN a a aa lee iatan Ue i ma 7.00
Tertiary, Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils mainly from
Venezuela.
(Nos. 47-48). 494 pp., 8 pls.
Venezuela and Trinidad forams and Mesozoic inverte-
brate bibliography.
(Nos. 49-50). 264 pp., 47 pls.
Venezuelan Tertiary Mollusca and Tertiary Mammalia.
(Nos. 51-54). 306 pp., 44 pls.
Mexican Tertiary forams and Tertiary mollusks of
Peru and Colombia.
(Nos. 55-58). 314 pp., 86 pls.
Mainly Ecuadoran, Peruvian and Mexican Tertiary
forams and mollusks and Paleozoic fossils.
(Nos. 59-61). 140 pp., 48 pls.
Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 62-63). 283 pp., 33 pls.
Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 64-67). 286 pp., 29 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals.
(No. 68). 272 pp., 24 pls.
Tertiary Paleontology, Peru.
(Nos. 69-70C). 266 pp., 26 pls.
Cretaceous and Tertiary _ Paleontology of Peru and
Cuba.
(Nos. 921 =72) 2) 0321 Ppa he DISA yer pain aera elapse etal dtede 9.00
Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy.
(Nos. 73-76). 356 pp., 31 pls.
Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera.
BULLETINS
OF
AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
Vol. 34
No. 143
TRINIDAD PALEOCENE AND LOWER EOCENE
GLOBIGERINIDAE
By
P. Bronnimann
December 29, 1952
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION
IrHAcA, NEw York
We Sa Ay
fiaus. COMP. Z00L. |
LIBRARY
JAN 21 1953
_BARVARD
WHVERSITY
CONTENTS
Page
Ira ereCaya NY ECrCOS oly ceveces ee teaeats te CRORE CED ICMR REG Oe' te RRR RRC ORCTRIC Rr eI TR PRP PIIA Aara 5
Sirationaphicardistribution mee sect vsecs cect ocr cetera sxe creietenlere 5
PNCKNOWIEUSIMEMESK serene acta lsic Cle sees 6 wre cove Rue neiioren erie in ete Bons enerole ovcieyesvie 8
Systematicaerd escmptlOns. | Aceves cars conto ore ciao, easiest 1D case laine hore, ove Beale Cis eal )
Globicerimaesoldad censis sun sSp mea eine a-eieeiiemeecieineieinicieerecen 9
GChoiiconma jyrg (tole) socossconnuecoucocoustencopopocdscur II
Globiceninages raviellifunues pam ie necro cee cca ae 12
Globigerimaycollacteams (inlay) seen eee eine ecice 13
Globigerinawsp. atte Gs itriloculino1des Plummer 2-22-0512 oe eee ee 14
Gayeenina lomo im, Gos ccuconcodpeargovedsoucbsobu0dobceonc 15
Globicenimal Spy atin (Gavhornibrookige mans pe eermeeoeae ont eterna 15
Globicerinayslinapertasbinlaya near. sateen octeeo a: 16
Globigeriniag tila iets 0S Ps miucie ov cie eo siciys oilcree, see cee Ren 8 el a ove ita evens 18
QOMagrHinA TAROUIHODST, i, GB, aaouccocnucusscodogauucouadoocdgunc 18
Glomecaima auragla IiMlENy “Secudocecdoadoosobdaccousndgusduocodor 19
Globigerimasysneessp se erates ic tee whet stealer eerie eter EIT: Devas ae, eee 21
Globigerina pseudo-bullordes selummereseeeaee eee ieee eile 21
GIO ERNiNE GENIN, ib Bob soccocadsoncces sosdonpoodsannuMboudoc 2
Globicerina, (triloculinoides “Plummer y.2 een seis ele «2 ae eine ieee 24
Giloborotaliamcompressaen (bummer) ieee eeeniaeeriecerner oceanic oe 25
J UIGRETANIG, WES pmo Ba otis COC OD OE eC O r O OCR E EI SOCIO: CECH CHES CIES DE IAN e rei anne 27
ACE Sie eee eschsr edie Speer eters is os: = cuchneris os aie ln aro fal adn tae are anal eii sav ou Steno ave cov ote ei ele 2
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TRINIDAD PALEOCENE AND LOWER EOCENE
GLOBIGERINIDAE
P. BRONNIMANN!
Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd.,
Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad, B. W. I.
INTRODUCTION
The investigation of ‘Trinidad Globigerinidae (Bronnimann,
1952) is continued in the present paper by the description of 12 of
the more prominent Globigerina and of one Globorotalia species. The
Foraminifera originate from the type locality assemblages of the Paleo-
cene Soldado and Lizard Springs formations and from the lower
Eocene Ramdat marl of the Navet formation, as well as from a hetero-
geneous mudflow fauna encountered in the Kapur Ridge-Stone River
area, southeastern Trinidad. Some of the pelagic species, excluding the
Globigerinae, have been reported on by Cushman and Renz (1942,
1946, 1948), who also supplied data on locality, age, and lithology of
the type samples. The observation and catalogue numbers mentioned
in the following refer to samples collected at the type localities mainly
by H. G. Kugler and H. H. Renz. The mudflow sample Sh. 100,
T.L.L. Cat. No. 143838, was collected by M. F. Shepherd. The
figures on Plates 1-3 are Abbé Mirror drawings by the author.
STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
The type locality samples were analyzed in detail and the
following species determined or named as new species:
1 Now with the Cuban Gulf Oil Company, Habana, Cuba.
6 BULLETIN 143 154
Globigerina pseudo-bulloides Plummer, i
Globigerina stainforthi Bronnimann, n. s
smooth
species
Globigerina tareubaensis Bronnimann, n.
Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer, a ae
Globigerina turgida Finlay, 1939
Globigerina collactea (Finlay), 1939
Globigerina gravelli Bronnimann, n. sp.
spinose
Globigerina primitiva (Finlay), 1947 species
Globigerina soldadoensis Bronnimann, n. sp.
Globigerina finlayi Bronnimann, n. sp
Globigerina hornibrooki Bronnimann, n. sp
Globigerina linaperta Finlay, 1939
Globorotalia compressa (Plummer), 1926
The occurrence of these forms in the type locality samples is
compiled in Table 1. Samples included by Cushman and Renz (1946,
p. 7) in the list of type samples of the upper zone of the Lizard
Springs formation, but now considered of doubtful stratigraphic
position, as well as the allochthonous sample Sh. 100, from the mud-
flow in the Kapur Ridge-Stone River area, have been omitted.
1. The distribution of the Globigerina species confirms the
biostratigraphic subdivision of the Lizard Springs formation into two
zones proposed by Cushman and Renz on the different life ranges of
Rzehakina epigona (Rzehak) var.* lata Cushman and Jarvis, and
yar. minima Cushman and Renz and other benthonic species. G.
pseudo-bulloides, G. taroubaensis, G. turgida, and G. collactea occur
in the upper zone, whereas G. triloculinoides and Globorotalia com-
pressa appear to be confined to the lower zone of the Lizard Springs
formation. "The Globigerina distribution furthermore shows that the
upper zone of the Lizard Springs formation is faunistically closely
related with that of the lower Eocene Ramdat marl of the Navet
formation. With the exception of Globigerina, n. sp. (see p. 21 of
this paper) all the Globigerina species of the Ramdat marl also occur
“ The original terminology of “var.” is adopted in this paper but the term
should be replaced by subspecies. See also under species descriptions.
Bull. Amer. Paleont. Vol. 34, No. 143
Lower zone of Upper zone of oe rica
lizard Springs formation Lizard Springs formation Soldado formation sm
Species
50316} 50505
Globigerina
finlayi
obigerina
horni brooki
: oae
5801} 58454)
6912 5802} 5847
50506] 50507 | 50509)50510} 50504 | 50511 ;50512]50514|50515}b,e¢ |7299|11001 9] 48143 | 5803) 5847 59892
Pe Te ee a
ee) lea eal ee
Glo bi gerina
pseudo-
bulloides
Pega | Te |
stainfor thi
taroubsensis
Globigerina
triloculi-
noides
eee
turgida
eee aa
collactea
Globi gerina
grave lli
primitiva
soldadoensis
Glo borotalia
compressa
Table 1: Occurrence of some Paleocene-Lower Eocene Globigerinas and Globorotalias in the type localities of the
Lizard Springs formation, Soldado formation, and Ramdat marl, Navyet formation.
X = Rare O = Common @ = Abundant
bP
155 [RiINtpAD PAL.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 7
in the upper zone of the Lizard Springs formation. Despite a possible
ambiguity in the tectonical interpretation of the type locality one
must place the upper zone of the Lizard Springs formation between
the lower zone of the Lizard Springs formation and the Ramdat
marl. On the other hand, G. finlayi, G. stainforthi, and G. primitiva
have not been found in the Ramdat marl.
2. Based on the simultaneous occurrence of the zonal marker
Globorotalia wilcoxensis var. acuta and Globorotalia crassata var.
aequa (Bolli, 1950) in the neritic Soldado formation (Vaughan and
Cole, 1941) and in the deeper water facies of the lower zone of the
Lizard Springs formation, this lower zone must be considered the
time equivalent of the Soldado formation. Nevertheless it must be
pointed out that the Globigerina assemblages of the two facies are
slightly different. Rare specimens of G. pseudo-bulloides and G.
collactea, both absent in the lower zone of the Lizard Springs forma-
tion, have been recorded from the Soldado type locality. Further-
more, G. finlayi, G. stainforthi, G. triloculinoides, G. gravelli, and
Globorotalia compressa have been found in the lower zone of the
Lizard Springs formation but not in the Soldado formation. From
the distribution of these planktonic forms it could be concluded that
the type samples of the Soldado formation are stratigraphically higher
than those of the lower zone of the Lizard Springs formation, but
they would still be within the zone of Globorotalia wilcoxensis var.
acuta,
3. The faunistic break between the Upper Cretaceous Globo-
truncana mayaroensis zone and the lower ‘Tertiary Globorotalia
wilcoxensis var. acuta zone is reflected by the stratigraphic distribu-
tion of the Globigerinidae. Excepting for some very rare and
reworked specimens, none of the Upper Cretaceous species of the
Rugoglobigerina - Plummerita (=Plummerella)* group (Bronnimania,
1952) have been found in the Paleocene Lizard Springs, Chaudiere,
and Soldado formations and none of the Paleocene Globigerinae here
described are known from the Maestrichtian formations. It is difhcult
to find in Trinidad the precursors of the simply structured Paleocene
Plummerita Bronnimann, Cont. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., vol. III,
pts. 3, 4, 1952, p. 146 new name for Plummerella Bronnimann, 1952, not
De Long, 1942.
8 BULLETIN 143 156
Globigerinae amongst any of the Upper Cretaceous representatives,
which in ornamentation, apertural and umbilical features are so
highly differentiated. The only group of Cretaceous Globigerinae
from which the Paleocene forms could have sprung is represented by
G. cretacea and allied species. The morphology of the G. cretacea
group, especially the features of the aperture, is not yet sufficiently
well known. ‘This, and the fact that Globigerinae of the G. cretacea
group have not yet been encountered in the post-Globotruncana
lapparenti zones of the ‘Trinidad Upper Cretaceous, renders this
possibility of derivation rather speculative. It is of interest to note
that of all the trochoid Upper Cretaceous Globigerinae only the
representatives of the G. cretacea group are coiling in both directions
thus indicating phylogenetic youth. The Rugoglobigerinae invariably
coil predominately dextrally. The Paleocene Globigerinae on the
other hand, coil in both directions and are, therefore, not yet speci-
alized. “The number of available specimens was too small to investi-
gate this feature statistically, and the preference for dextral or for
sinistral coiling as observed in G. soldadoensis, G. collactea, and
G. triloculinoides may be purely accidental. Should this preference
for one particular direction be confirmed then the earlier evolutionary
stages of these species characterized by random coiling would have
to be looked for in pre-Globorotalia wilcoxensis var. acuta and post-
Globotruncana mayaroensis zones which by the unconformable overlap
of the Paleocene formations on the Upper Cretaceous are cut out in
the uplift areas of Trinidad. ‘The fossiliferous Bontour sandstone
and the Corax glauconite, both of Maestrichtian age, are remnants of
such Upper Cretaceous formations not yet found in their stratigraphic
position.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author is indebted to the Management of Trinidad Lease-
holds Ltd. for the use of the facilities of the Geological Laboratory at
Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad, B.W.I.; to H. G. Kugler, Trinidad, for
reading the manuscript and for many valuable suggestions; to H. E.
Thalmann, Stanford University, California, for the loan of holotypes
of species described by L. T. Martin from the Lodo formation,
California; to L. T. Martin, Bakersfield, California, for topotypes
157. TRInmDAD PAL.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 9
of Globigerina decepta Martin, Globigerina nitida Martin, and
Globigerina marksi Martin; to N. de B. Hornibrook, Wellington,
New Zealand, for topotypes of Globigerina primitiva (Finlay),
Globigerina collactea (Finlay), Globigerina linaperta Finlay, and
Globigerina turgida Finlay; to Ruth ‘Todd, United States National
Museum, Washington, D. C., for specimens of Globorotalia compressa
(Plummer), Globigerina pseudo-bulloides Plummer, and Globigerina
triloculinoides Plummer from U.S.G.S. locality, No. 5647, Naheola
formation, Alabama; and to C. D. Ovey, British Museum (Natural
History), London, for Globorotalias and Globigerinas from the
Velasco formation of Mexico, determined by T. F. Grimsdale.
SY¥o LEMATIC, DESCRIPTIONS
Family GLOBIGERINIDAE
Genus GLOBIGERINA
Giobigerina soldadoensis Bronnimann, n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 1-9
The low trochoid test is composed of about two volutions. The
four-chambered, occasionally five-chambered adult is lobulate in
typical specimens. ‘The spiral side is centrally more or less elevated,
the umbilical side is convex. “The umbilicus is large and deep
showing the arcuate apertures of the later formed chambers. ‘The
subglobular chambers increase gradually in size. “Vhey are rounded to
slightly flattened peripherally and distinctly elongate in the direction
of the axis of the test. At the umbilical side the chambers tend to
become somewhat pointed. “The end chamber can be smaller than the
penultimate one or even rudimentary. Except for the indistinct
sutures of the early ontogenetic stage, those of the spiral side are deep
and curved in the direction of coiling, or they are oblique giving the
impression of an overlapping arrangement of the chambers. ‘he
sutures of the umbilical side are straight throughout. ‘The large
arcuate apertures of the last formed chambers are provided with
minute liplike borders. “The walls are perforate and rather thick.
The surface is covered with irregularly distributed papillae which are
stronger and more prominent on the early chambers of the adult
whorl; they are absent or weakly developed near the aperture of
the end chamber. ‘The species is predominantly coiled sinistrally.
Holotype.-—Globigerina soldadoensis Bronnimann, n. sp., Plate 1,
10 BULLETIN 143 158
figures 4-6. Rz. 287; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50506. Coiling: sinistral.
Dimensions: maximum diameter of test, 0.35 mm.; end chamber,
radial diameter, 0.125 mm.; tangential diameter, 0.23 mm.; height,
0.25 mm.
Remarks.—At first, an attempt was made to differentiate three
types on account of the number of chambers and_ rudimentary
chambers, on the degree of peripheral flattening of the chambers, and
on the general outline of the adult test. It was found, however, that
this subdivision could not be maintained in a consistent way and,
theretore, the three types, which are illustrated on Plate 1, figures 1-9,
were united in the same species. “The greatest diameters of the
figured specimens are 0.3 mm., 0.35 mm. and 0.425 mm. The radial
diameter of the end chamber varies from 0.1 mm. to 0.15 mm. and
the height of the end chamber from 0.25 mm. to 0.32 mm. The
diameter of the aperture is from 0.05 mm. to 0.1 mm. G. soldadoensis
differs from Globigerina primitiva (Finlay), 1947 by the ellipsoid-
lobulate outline, by the obliquely arranged chambers and their rounded
margins, and by the less pointed umbilical portions of the chambers.
G. soldadoensis is one of the most characteristic Globigerinae of
the ‘Trinidad Paleocene. It seems to be related to the spinose Globz-
gerina decepta Nlartin, 1943 and Globigerina nitida Martin, 1943
both described from the Eocene Lodo formation of California. The
comparison of the Trinidad forms with the holotypes of those species
proved that G. soldadoensis is different from those forms. G. decepta
Martin (holotype, Stanford University Collection, No. 7399, Lodo
formation, L.S.J.U. foc. M-74, Sample, No. S-7-119, Lodo Gulch,
Panoche Quad., Fresno Co., California, Coll. R. T. White) resembles
G. soldadoensis in the granular surface, but it is clearly separated
trom G. soldadoensis by the much more pronounced planoconvex test,
the oppressed chambers with distinct umbilical points, the rather
rounded outline, the almost closed umbilicus and the small arcuate
aperture. Globigerina nitida Martin (holotype, Stanford University
Collection, No. 7400, L.S.J.U. Loc. M-74, Sample, No. 5-7-47, Lodo
Gulch, Panoche Quad., Fresno Co., California, Coll. R. T. White)
is afhned to G. decepta. The margin of G. decepta is more rounded
and the chambers are more oppressed than in G. nitida, otherwise the
two species are similar and possibly could be synonymous. This,
however, can only be decided by the investigation of complete assem-
blages. The holotype of G. nitida is coiled dextrally, that of G.
decepta sinistrally. Six out of eight topotypes of G. decepta and three
159 [TRINIDAD PAL.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 11
out of eight topotypes of G. nitida are coiled to the right. Although
these Californian forms and G. soldadoensis are separate species, they
belong to a closely related group 0! Eocene Globigerinas with granu-
late surface.
Occurrence-—Both zones ot the Lizard Springs formation, rare
to abundant; Soldado formation, rare to common; Ramdat marl,
abundant.
Glebigerina primitiva (Finlay), 1947 Plate 1, figs. 10-12
Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay, 1947, New Zealand Jour. Sci. Teed,
Wellington, vol. 28, No. 5, p. 291, pl. 8, figs. 129-124.
The low trochoid subquadrate test is composed of about two
volutions, the last of which is four chambered. ‘The spiral side is
almost plane to slightly elevated; the umbilical side is convex. ‘The
chambers gradually increase in size and are flattened peripherally.
‘They are subangular at the margin and elongate in the direction of
the axis of the test; the umbilical portions are pointed. “he chambers
are almost perpendicular to each other and descend in the course
of growth thus producing an overlapping arrangement. ‘The sutures
of the final stage are well defined, oblique to curved in the direction
of coiling at the spiral side, and straight to slightly curved umbilically.
The umbilicus is deep but rather small showing the large arcuate
apertures of the end chamber and occasionally also of the penultimate
chamber. The apertural face is flattened and makes an angle with
the outer wall of the chamber. ‘The walls are finely perforate. ‘The
surface is covered with minute papillae which are stronger on the
umbilical points of the chambers and virtually absent in the neighbor-
hood of the apertures. “The species is represented by left and right
hand coiled specimens.
Holotype—Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay, 1947, New Zealand
Jour. Sci. Tech., Wellington, vol. 28, p. 291, pl. 8, fig. 133. Loc.
F. 5179B, North Otago, Hampden Beach Section, upper blue
micaceous clays, 1 mile N. of Kakaho Creek, New Zealand, lowei
bortonian, middle Eocene.
Remarks.—Finlay assigned this spinose species to the genus
Globoquadrina Finlay, 1947, type species Globorotalia dehiscens
Chapman, Parr and Collins, 1934, from the Oligocene (Bakombian )
at Kackeraboite Creek, Port Philip area, Victoria, Australia. Accord-
ing to Finlay (p. 290) Globoquadrina ‘“‘combines the open umbilicus,
12 BULLETIN 143 160
terminal face and apertural flaps of Globotruncana, the angular ven-
trally pointed chambers of Globorotalia, and the general compact
shape of Globigerina, and plainly should not be referred to any one
of these.” It is doubted, however, whether the features of Globoro-
talia dehiscens really warrant the erection of a new genus differing
from Globigerina. Vhe aperture of Globoquadrina primitiva is
clearly that 0: a Globigerina to which genus this species is here
referred.
Six out of 10 specimens of G. primitiva are coiled dextrally.
The maximum diameter of Trinidad specimens ranges from 0.2 mm.
to 0.375 mm., the average is about 0.3 mm. “The end chamber of a
specimen with O.3 mm. greatest diameter, measures 0.225 mm. in
tangential direction and also in height. “Topotypes from Finlay’s
locality F. 5179B are identical with the Trinidad specimens. The
greatest diameter of topotypes ranges from 0.2 mm. to 0.3 mm. “The
end chamber of a specimen with maximum diameter of 0.3 mm.
measures 0.25 mm. in tangential direction and also in height. Eight
out of 11 topotypes coil to the left.
Occurrence-—Both zones of the Lizard Springs formation,
rare to common; Soldado formation, rare.
In New Zealand, th's species is recorded from the Danian to
the middle Eocene. Obscure specimens were found according to
Finlay in the Upper Cretaceous ( ?Teurian).
Globigerina gravelli Bronnimenn, n. sp. Plate 1, figs. 16-18
The large spinose, low trochoid test is composed of about two
volutions, the final one with five to six oppressed chambers. “The
cutline is ellipsoid and only slightly lobulate. The spiral side is
more or less convex. The subcircular umbilicus is large and deep,
exposing the arcuate apertures of the last formed chambers. The
chambers are subglobular, flattened peripherally, elongate in direc-
tion of the axis of the test and somewhat pointed at the umbilical
side. The sutures are curved in the direction of coiling and well
marked except those of the early stage. “The large arcuate apertures
with minute liplike borders open directly into the umbilicus.
The walls of the early chambers are more coarsely perforate and
pitted than those of the final chambers. “The surface is covered with
papillae. Those at the umbilical points are strongly developed. At
161 “Trinipap PAtL.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 13
the apertural faces they are absent or rare. “The species is coiled in
both directions.
Flolotype.—Globigerina gravelli Bronnimann, n. sp. Plate 1,
meures TO-"o, Rz, 287> Tb. 1. Cat. No! 50506. Lower zone
of Lizard Springs formation, Guayaguayare area, south ‘Trinidad.
Coiling: dextral. Dimensions: maximum diameter of test, 0.425
mm., end chamber, radial diameter, 0.125 mm., tangential diameter,
0.2 mm., height, 0.25 mm. Diameter of umbilicus, 0.125 mm.
Remarks.—The spinose surface refers this species to the charac-
teristic group of spinose Globigerinae represented in the ‘Trinidad
Paleocene by G. soldadoensis, G. primitiva, and G. collactea. It
differs from these forms by the large size, greater number of the
closely oppressed chambers in the last whorl, and the large, subcir-
cular umbilicus. The four to five-chambered G. collactea which
resembles closely in its general form G. gravelli, is much smaller.
The species is named for the late D. W. Gravell in recognition of
his contributions to the knowledge of orbitoidal Foraminifera.
Occurrence-—Both zones of the Lizard Springs formation,
rare to common; Ramdat marl, rare.
Globigerina collactea (Finlay), 1939 Plate 1, figs. 13-15
Globorotalia collactea Finlay, 1939, Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Trans. Proc.,
vol. 69, p. 37, pl. 29, figs. 164-165.
The outline of the rather small and low trochoid test is
ellipsoid and not much lobulate. About 25 volutions composed of
small, oppressed chambers were counted. The final whorl is four
to five chambered. The spiral side is elevated across the initial
portion. The umbilicus is variable in size but as a rule large
enough to expose the apertures of the three to four later chambers.
The well-defined sutures are straight to slightly curved in the
direction of coiling. The oppressed subglobular chambers increase
gradually in size, the end chamber, however, can be equal to or
even smaller than the penultimate one. “The chambers are peri-
pherally flattened, elongate in the direction of the axis of the test
and pointed umbilically. “The aperture of the end chamber is arcuate
and leads directly into the umbilicus. A minute liplike border was
noticed. The walls are perforate and the surface is covered with
papillae which are stronger on the umbilical points than on the outer
14 BULLETIN 143 162
chamber walls. The species is coiled in both directions, with prefer-
ence for the right.
Holotype-—Globorotalia collactea Finlay, 1931, Roy. Soc. New
Zealand, Drans. Proc., vol. (69, ‘p: 3277" pla 20; ene. yuo4, Eom
locality F. 5540, Hampden Beach section, North Otago, New
Zealand, Heretaungan,*lower Eocene.
Remarks.—On account of the position of the arcuate apertures,
which are distinctly umbilical, this small spinose species belongs to
Globigerina, although the low trochoid spiral and the convex spiral
side suggest a Globorotalia. ‘The dimensions of the figured specimen
(Pl. 1, figs. 13-15) are: maximum diameter, 0.275 mm.; end
chamber, radial diameter, 0.1 mm.; tangential diameter, 0.15 mm.,
and height, 0.15 mm. Coiling: sinistral. The maximum diameter
of other specimens is from 0.25 mm. to 0.35 mm. with an average of
about 0.175 mm. ‘Twelve out of 15 specimens coil to the right.
Vhe Trinidad material agrees with topotypes from New Zealand
which, like the Trinidad specimens, vary greatly in the development
of the umbilicus. “The elevation of the spiral side is also rather
variable. “Che maximum diameter of topotypes ranges from 0.25 mm.
to 0.3 mm., the average is about 0.275 mm. Nine out of I1 topo-
types are coiled to the right.
Occurrence——Upper zone of the Lizard Springs formation,
common; Soldado formation, rare to common; Ramdat marl, common.
Globigerina, sp. aff. G. triloculinoides Plummer, 1926 Plate 2, figs. 1-3
The broad oval outline of the small trochoid test is_ slightly
lobulate. About two volutions are developed, the last of which is
four chambered. ‘The spiral side is slightly convex. The umbilicus
is shallow. “The subglobular, peripherally flattened chambers rapidly
increase. “Che distinct sutures are curved in the direction of coiling.
‘The small arcuate aperture is opened into the center of the umbilicus
and is provided with a prominent lip. The walls are perforate and
the surface is finely pitted. “The maximum diameter is 0.275 mm.,
the end chamber measures in tangential direction 0.186 mm., in radial
direction 0.16 mm., and in height 0.175 mm. ‘The diameter of the
aperture is 0.05 mm. ‘The test is coiled sinistrally.
The description refers to a single specimen found in_ locality
Rz. 287, T. L. L., Cat. No. 50506, lower zone of the Lizard Springs
163 TRinmap Pat.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 15
tormation. It shows affinities to G. triloculinoides Plummer with
which it is associated.
Occurrence.—Lower zone of Lizard Springs formaton, very
rare.
Globigerina hornibrooki Bronnimann, n. sp. Plate 2, figs. 4-6
The medium-sized test is a trochoid spiral of about 24 volutions
of which the final one is four chambered. The rounded outline is
weakly lobulate. The subglobular chambers are rapidly increasing
in size with the exception of the end chamber which is smaller than
the penultimate one, peripherally flattened, and elongate in the
direction of the axis of the test. The small umbilicus is deep
enough to expose the apertures of earlier chambers. The well-
defined sutures are straight in the end stage but curved in the direc-
tion of coiling in the early portion of the test. The large arcuate
aperture is umbilically situated, elongate and provided with a minute
liplike border. The walls are finely perforate. The surface is
pitted. The species is coiled to both sides.
Flolotype-—Globigerina hornibrooki Bronnimann, n. sp., Plate 2,
meures 4-0 Rz- 287 “1.1. L., (Cat. No. 50506. Tower zone of
Lizard Springs formation, Guayaguayare area, south ‘Trinidad.
Coiling: dextral. Dimensions: maximum diameter, 0.28 mm.; end
chamber, radial diameter, 0.045 mm.; tangential diameter, 0.145 mm.;
height, 0.175 mm.
Remarks —G. hornibrooki differs from G. linaperta and G.
finlayi essentially in the arrangement of the chambers (jin/ayi) and
in the development of the end chamber (linaperta). In perforation
and pitting, G. hornibrooki is very similar to these species. The
greatest diameter ranges from 0.22 mm. to 0.3 mm., the average Is
‘ about 0.28 mm. Five out of eight specimens are coiled to the right.
The species is named for N. de B. Hornibrook, Wellington, New
Zealand.
Occurrence.
Both zones of the Lizard Springs formation, rare
to abundant; Soldado formation, rare; Ramdat marl, common.
Globigerina sp. aff. G. hornibrooki Bronnimann, n.sp. Plate 2, figs. 13-15
The subglobular trochoid test is composed of about 12 chambers
arranged in 24 volutions. The final volution is four chambered.
The subglobular chambers increase in size rapidly with the exception
of the final chamber, which is strongly flattened peripherally and
16 BULLETIN 143 164
elongate in the direction of the axis of the test. “The end chamber,
as a rule, is not larger or even smaller than the penultimate one. No
umbilical points are developed. “The umbilicus is small but deep and
shows apertures of earlier chambers. “The depressed sutures are
straight in the end stage but slightly curved in the direction of coiling
in the early spiral. The large elongate apertures is umbilically
situated and almost hidden under the overlapping end chamber. ‘The
apertural face forms an obtuse angle with the outer chamber wall.
The walls are perforate and thin. ‘The surface is pitted, and no
papillae have been found at the umbilical side. The species is coiled
to both sides.
The figured specimen (Plate 2, figures 13-15) originated from
locality Rz. 286; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50505, lower zone of Lizard
Springs formation, Guayaguayare, south Trinidad. Coiling: dextral.
Dimensions: maximum diameter, 0.35 mm.; end chamber, radial
diameter, 0.135 mm.; tangential diameter, 0.275 mm.; height, 0.3 mm.
Remarks.—TVhis rather scarce species differs from the likewise
tour-chambered Globigerina hornibrooki by the much larger sub-
globular test, the deep, umbilical aperture, and the strongly flattened
end chamber. It is possible that transitional forms occur between this
subglobular type and G. hornibrooki. ‘The maximum diameter of
additional specimens measures from 0.3 to 0.4 mm., the average lies
around 0.32 mm. ‘The direction of coiling appears to be undeter-
mined: three out of six specimens coil to the right.
Occurrence—Lower zone of Lizard Springs formation, rare.
Globigerina ‘linaperta Finlay, 1939 Plate 2, figs: 7-9
Globigerina linaperta Finlay, 1939, Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Trans. Proc.,
Wellington, vol. 69, p. 125, pl. 13, figs. 54-57.
The low trochoid test with its predominant end chamber is
composed of about two volutions, the last of which is four chambered.
‘The spiral side is slightly convex, occasionally plane. ‘The shallow
umbilicus shows the apertures of the two later formed chambers.
The subglobular chambers are flattened peripherally occasionally
somewhat pointed umbilically and elongate in direction of the axis
of the test. “he chambers are almost at right angles; they increase
rapidly in size and the end chamber is equal to or even larger than
the whole preceding spiral. “The straight sutures are well defined,
with the exception of those of the early stage. ‘The large arcuate
aperture of the end chamber is directed into the umbilicus and sur-
165 ‘TRinmap PAL.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 17
rounded by a minute liplike border. “The walls are perforate and
the surface is pitted. The early chambers are rather coarsely pitted
and their umbilical portions are distinctly papillate. The species has
random coiling.
Holotyte.—Globigerina linaperta Finlay, 1939, Roy. Soc. New
Zealand, Trans. Proc., Wellington, vol. 69, p. 125, pl. 13, fig. 56.
From locality F. 5179A, beach, 1 mile N. Kakaho Creek, Hampden,
New Zealand. Bortonian, middle Eocene.
Remarks.—Vhis species was described in a general way by
Finlay so that a more detailed description is justified. G. linaperta,
a dominant species of the Trinidad Paleocene, shows considerable
variability in the pitting of the surface and in the development of
the end chamber which can be smaller or of equal size or even
larger than the preceding spiral. “he degree of peripheral flattening
of the chambers of the final whorl is also rather variable. Associated
forms, related to G. linaperta in their general appearance and in the
texture of the surface but with different arrangement of the chambers
of the final whorl and different development of the end chamber, are
described in this paper as G. finlayi and G. hornibrooki. The maxi-
mum diameter of the figured specimen is 0.332 mm., the end chamber
has a radial diameter of 0.2 mm., a tangential diameter of 0.26 mm.
and a height of 0.26 mm. ‘The specimen coils to the left. The
greatest diameter of other Trinidad specimens ranges from 0.25 mm.
to 0.35 mm. Six out of 10 specimens coil to the left.
G. linaperta is in the general features related to G. triloculi-
noides, which, however, can be separated by the fine perforation and
by the flaring lip covering most of the aperture. Globigerinae closely
resembling G. linaperta are known from the younger ‘Tertiary of
Trinidad. ‘The possible relationship of these forms with those from
the Paleocene is yet to be investigated.
Topotypes of G. linaperta were compared with the Trinidad
specimens which completely agree with the latter. The greatest diameter
of the topotypes varies from 0.275 mm. to 0.427 mm., the average
is about 0.35 mm. ‘The direction of coiling appears to be undeter-
mined as 7 out of 13 specimens are coiled sinistrally.
Occurrence-——Both zones of the Lizard Springs formation, rare
to abundant; Soldado formation, rare to abundant; Ramdat marl,
common.
i8 BULLETIN 143 166
Globigerina finlayi Bronnimann, n. sp. Plate 2, figs. 10-12
This species resembles Globigerina linaperta Finlay from which
it differs by the arrangement of the chambers. The final whorl is
composed of only three chambers and the fairly large arcuate aperture
lies centrally at the intersections of the umbilical sutures. The end
chamber is situated acréss two preceding chambers, whereas in G.
linaperta it is situated across three chambers. The umbilicus is
shallow and in well-preserved specimens exposes also the aperture
of the penultimate chamber. The species coils in both directions.
Holotype.—Globigerina finlayi Bronnimann, n. sp., Plate 2,
figures 10-12. Rz. 287; T.L.0., Cat. No. 50506. Lower zone of
Lizard Springs formation, (Guayaguayare area, south ‘Trinidad.
Coiling: dextral. Dimensions: maximum diameter, 0.312 mm.; end
chamber, radial diameter, 0.15 mm. tangential diameter, 0.24 mm.
height, 0.245 mm.
emarks.—TVhis rare and conspicuous species is clearly defined
by the arrangement of the chambers of the final whorl and by the
central positon of the aperture. “Two other specimens of locality
Rz. 287 have a maximum diameter of 0.275 mm. and of 0.3 mm.;
cne of the specimens is coiled dextrally, the other sinistrally.
G. finlayi comes close to Globigerina eocaenica Terquem, 1882
which, however, has the aperture located asymmetrically, at the base
of the apertural face and to one side of the center of the last
chamber (Térquem, 1882, pl. 9, fig. 4; Bandy, 1919, p. 120, pl. 23,
figs. 2a-c). Another three-chambered species similar to G. finiayi
with a central aperture, but belonging to Globigerinoides, is also
known trom Oligocene of Trinidad. The species is named for the
late H. J. Finlay.
Occurrence.—Both zones of the Lizard Springs formation, rare.
Globigerina taroubaensis Bronnimann, n. sp. Plate 2, figs. 16-18
The relatively small subglobular test is characterized by an
accessory chamber across the umbilicus. The trochoid spiral of
about two volutions contains four chambers in the last whorl. The
oppressed subglobular and peripherally somewhat flattened chambers
increase rapidly in size. The radial sutures are shallow and indistinct
throughout. “The small umbilicus is almost completely covered by the
167. Trinipap PAL.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 19
accessory chamber, the aperture of which is very small. Apertures ot
earlier chambers are not visible. The walls are coarsely perforate.
The surface, including that of the accessory chamber, is roughly
pitted. The species is coiled in both directions.
Holotype.—Globigerina taroubaensis Bronnimann, n. sp., Plate
2, figures 16-18. Rz. 413; T. L. L. Cat. No. 59892. Ramdat marl,
lower Eocene, near San Fernando, south Trinidad. Coiling: dextral.
Dimensions: maximum diameter, 0.25 mm.
Remarks.—G. taroubaensis Bronnimann, n. sp. differs by the
small subglobular test with roughly pitted surface and by the
ielatively large accessory chamber across the umbilicus from all other
nonspinose Globigerinae described in this paper. It can easily be
distinguished from the lobulate and highly trochoid G. turgida which
also carries an accessory chamber. “The maximum diameter ranges
from 0.22 mm. to 0.28 mm., average about 0.25 mm. Six out of 12
specimens are coiled to the right. “lhe species is named after the
‘Varouba River near San Fernando, Trinidad.
Occurrence.-—Upper zone of Lizard Springs formation, rare to
common; Ramdat marl, common.
Globigerina turgida Finlay, 1939 Plate 3, figs. 1-3
Globigerina linaperta var. turgida Finlay, 1939, Roy. Soc. New Zealand,
Trans. Proc., vol. 69, p. 125 (no figures).
The large lobulate test is a high trochoid spiral of about two
volutions, the last of which is composed of four chambers. ‘The
subglobular chambers increase rapidly in size. They are peripherially
slightly flattened and separated by deep and straight sutures. In
about half of the investigated specimens, a small subglobular chamber
is added across the umbilicus. This accessory chamber, with its
smooth surface and minute perforations, is situated perpendicularly
to the much larger end chamber of the final whorl. ‘The large
arcuate aperture of the accessory chamber is surrounded by a broad
liplike border. “The walls of the normal chambers appear to be
thick, and compared with the accessory chamber, coarsely perforate.
The surface is pitted and no spines are developed. ‘he species is
coiled to both sides.
Holotype.-—Globigerina linaperta Finlay var. turgida Finlay,
1939. Locality F. 3310, Pahi marl, upper Bortonian, New Zealand,
Remarks.—G. turgida from the middle Eocene Bortonian of
20 BULLETIN 143 168
New Zealand, was introduced as a variety! of G. linaperta. G.
turgida, however, differs from G. linaperta in the arrangement of
the chambers to such an extent, that it has to be considered as a dis-
tinct new species. In addition G. turgida in the adult develops a
small accessory chamber across the umbilicus which has never been
seen in G. linaperta. A similar form has been described by Glaessner
(1937, p. 29, pl. 1, figs. 1a,b) as G. bulloides d’Orbigny var.
cryptomphala Glaessner, from the upper middle Eocene (rare) and
the upper Eocene (abundant) of the northern Caucasus, Russia. It
differs from the Trinidad and New Zealand species by the more
lobulate test and by the deviating arrangement of the accessory
chamber which is formed over the aperture of the end chamber, 7.c.
parallel and not perpendicular to the end chamber. Glaessner’s form
is probably a new species and not a variety of G. bulloides. Bandy
(1940, p. 119, pl. 22, figs. 2a-c) figured as G. dissimilis Cushman
and Bermudez from the Jackson Eocene of Alabama, a species which
could be synonymous with Glaessner’s G. cryptomphala. It differs
trom the typically Oligocene G. dissimilis which has a_bridgelike
accessory chamber with two openings across the umbilicus. G.
cuachitaensis Howe and Wallace var. senilis Bandy (p. 121, pl. 22,
figs. 5a-c), from the Jackson Eocene of Alabama, appears to be
closely related to the species reported by Bandy as G. dissimilis and
most probably represents the stage without accessory chamber. ‘The
relationship between the forms described by Bandy and Glaessner’s
G. cryptomphala should be investigated by means of study of the
original material.
The greatest diameter of the figured specimen (Plate 3, figures
1-3) is 0.475 mm.; the end chamber measuring in tangential
direction, 0.175 mm, and in radial direction, 0.15 mm. ‘The species
coils dextrally. ‘The greatest diameter of additional Trinidad speci-
mens measures from 0.35 to 0.53 mm., the average is around 0.47
mm. ‘Topotypes from Finlay’s locality F. 3310, marl, 1 mile NW. of
Pahi, Paparoa, Matakohe S. D., North Auckland, New Zealand,
middle Eocene Pahi marl, Bortonian, are identical with the Trinidad
specimens. [he maximum diameter of the topotypes varies from
! Variety in this paper has been used in the original terminology but
the term ‘variety’ should be replaced by subspecies. See also footnote 2.
169 ‘TRINIDAD PAL.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 21
0.45 mm. to 0.58 mm., with an average of about 0.5 mm. Eight
out of 15 topotypes are coiled dextrally.
Occurrence.—Ramdat marl, common; upper zone of Lizard
Springs formation, rare.
Globigerina, n. sp. Plate 3, figs. 4-6
The highly trochoid test is composed of 24 to 3 volutions, the
last of which is five chambered. ‘The outline is subcircular, lobulate.
The subglobular chambers increase gradually in size and the dimen-
sions of those of the final whorl do not differ much from each other.
The umbilicus is filled with matrix. The aperture is not known.
‘The indistinct sutures are straight in the adult stage, those of the
early whorls curved in direction of coiling. ‘The initial portion is
similar to that of G. pseudo-bulloides. "The walls are finely perfor-
ate. The surface is smooth. “Iwo specimens coil to the left.
Kemarks.—Only two specimens were encountered, the larger
of which is illustrated on Plate 3, figures 4-6. They differ from
all other Paleocene - lower Eocene Globigerinae, and it was not
possible to refer them to any of the known species recorded in the
Catalogue of Foraminifera. “They probably belong to a new species,
the available material, however, is inadequate to establish a new
species. “The maximum diameter of the figured specimen is 0.45 mm.
and the height, 0.425 mm.
Occurrence.-—Ramdat marl, very rare.
Globigerina pseudo-bulloides Plummer, 1926 Plate 3, figs. 7-$
Globigerina pseudo-bulloides Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull., No. 2644,
Pp. 133-134, pl. 8, figs. 9a-c; Plummer, 1937, Pub. Lab. Pal., Univ.
Moscow, Prob. Pal., vols. 2-3, pl. 4, figs. 31a-c; Plummer, 1942,
Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 18, pl. 8, figs. 3, 4.
The outline of the five, rarely six-chambered adult is lobulate.
The spiral side of the trochoid test is either elevated in the center,
showing the small initial spire composed of minute chambers, or it
is almost plane, rarely depressed. “The umbilicus is rather small.
The subglobular chambers increase rapidly in size as added. In
apertural view they are rather high and peripherally flattened. “The
sutures of the adult stage are deep and straight, those of the early
chambers distinctly curved. "The small arcuate aperture of the end
chamber opens into the umbilicus and is bordered by a lip which
varies considerably in width from specimen to specimen. ‘The walls
22 BULLETIN 143 170
are perforate. “The surface is pitted and the umbilical portions of
the early chambers of the adult whorl are covered with minute
papillae. Left and right hand coiled specimens were observed.
Holotype.-—Globigerina pseudo-bulloides Plummer, 1926, Uni-
versity of Texas, Bull., No. 2644, pl. 8, fig. 9a. Plummer figured
(1926, pl. 8) three different specimens, and the first specimen is
taken to represent the dorsal view of the holotype. From Station 23,
shallow ditch at road corner southeast of new Corsicana reservoir,
on the road to Mildred, Texas, upper Midway.
Remarks.—G. pseudo-bulloides is a characteristic and weil-
defined species with relatively constant features of the upper zone
of the Lizard Springs formation and of the Ramdat marl. Six-
chambered specimens were rare in Plummer’s material (p. 133) and
in the ‘Trinidad assemblages. The greatest diameter ranges from
0.2 mm. to 0.4 mm. that of the specimens from the Midway forma-
tion goes up to 0.4 mm. ‘Twenty-eight out of 44 specimens coil to
the right. Three specimens from the Naheola formation, U.S.G. 5%.
locality, No. 5647, measure 0.275 mm., 0.3 mm., and 0.325 mm.
The two larger specimens are typical for the species, with thin and
transparent walls, broader liplike borders and slightly less elevated
spiral side than the average ‘Trinidad specimens; they coil to the
left. The smaller specimen is not typical, almost plane, less lobulate,
and coils to the right. The comparison of G. pseudo-bulloides with
G. cretacea d’Orbigny from the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad shows
that the two species are in number, arrangement and size of chambers
in the adult, and also in the greatest diameter of the test (maximum
diameter of four specimens 0.325 mm. to 0.4 mm) similar. The
multiple apertures mentioned by Plummer (1926, p. 133) as diag-
nostic for G. cretacea may also be found in G. pseudo-bulloides and
in all Globigerinas with large umbilicus. Where the umbilicus is
small or virtually closed, only the aperture of the end chamber is
visible, but where the umbilicus is large, the apertures of two or
three or more of the later formed chambers can be seen. It appears
that apart from stratigraphic differences, certain morphologic differ-
ences exist between G. pseudo-bulloides and G. cretacea. “The sutures
of G. cretacea are always straight and radial whereas those of G.
pseudo-bulloides are distinctly curved to oblique in the early ontogen-
etic stage. Further, the spiral side of G. cretacea is, as a rule, more
171 TRINIDAD PAL.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN ~— 23
or less plane or even depressed across the initial portion, the early
chambers are larger and the surface of the chambers is, perhaps with
the exception of the end chamber, provided with well-spaced minute
pustules. These differences between G. pseudo-bulloides and G.
cretacea are small and often difficult to ascertain. It is of interest to
note that left and right hand coiled specimens occur in both species.
Occurrence.—Soldado formation, rare; upper zone of the Lizard
Springs formation, common to abundant; Ramdat marl, abundant.
The quantitative differences in the distribution of this species
are striking and appear to be useful for the biostratigraphic subdivision
of the Paleocene deposits.
Globigerina stainforthi Bronnimann, n. sp. Plate 3, figs. 10-12
The medium-sized trochoid test of about two volutions is
lobulate in its general outline. The last volution is invariably com-
posed of four chambers. The spiral side is elevated and the central
spire clearly shows the trochoid arrangement of the minute early
chambers. The small umbilicus is shallow. ‘The subglobular cham-
bers increase gradually in size. “The end chamber, however, is equal
to or smaller than the penultimate one. ‘The arcuate aperture with
its large liplike border is opening into the umbilicus. “The well-
defined sutures are oblique in the early and straight in the final stage.
‘The walls are finely perforate. The surface is pitted, more coarsely
on the early than on the final chambers. ‘The species is coiled to the
right and to the left.
Holotype-—Globigerina stainforthi Bronnimann, n. sp., Sh. 100,
30 feet augerhole, T.L.L. Cat. No. 143838, Kapur Stone area,
Guayaguayare, south ‘Trinidad. Coiling: sinistral. Dimensions:
maximum diameter, 0.287 mm.; end chamber, radial diameter, 0.125
mm.; tangential diameter, 0.175 mm.
Remarks.—The elevated spiral side and the arrangement of the
sutures brings this species in relationship to G. pseudo-bulloides from
which it differs by the four adult subglobular chambers and the large
arcuate aperture with broad liplike border. “Che maximum diameter
ranges from 0.15 mm. to 0.3 mm., the average is about 0.175 mm.
Eight out of 14 specimens are coiled to the right. “The species 1s
named after R. M. Stainforth for his contributions to the micro-
paleontology of Trinidad.
24 BULLETIN 143 72
Occurrence.—Both zones of the Lizard Springs formation, rare.
Sh. 100, 30 feet augerhole, T. L. L., Cat. No. 143838, Kapur Stone
area, (guayaguayare, south Trinidad.
Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer, 1926 Plate 3, figs. 13-18
Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull., No. 2644,
Pp. 134-135, pl. 8, figs. roa-c; Plummer, 1937, Pub. Lab. Pal. Moscow
University, Prob. Pal., vols. 2-3, pl. 4, figs. 33 a-b; Plummer, 1942,
Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 18, p. 43, pl. 8, figs. 1,2.
(See further references in Plummer, 1942.)
The trochoid test is composed of 13 to 2 volutions, the last of
which contains four subglobular chambers. The chambers increase
rapidly in size and the last one almost equals in size the whole
preceding spiral. ‘The spiral side is plane to slightly depressed across
the initial portion. “The umbilicus is shallow. The straight sutures
are well marked; those of the spiral side are almost at right angles.
‘The arcuate aperture with its more or less prominent lip is opening
into the umbilicus. The thin walls are perforate. The surface is
pitted, early chambers rather coarsely, and small papillae occur on
the umbilical portions of the inner chambers of the last whorl. The
species is coiled in both directions, with preference to dextral coiling.
FHlolotype-—Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer, 1926, Univer-
sity of Texas, Bull. No. 2644, pl. 8, fig. 10a (spiral side of type) ;
from Station 23, shallow ditch at road corner southeast of new
Corsicana reservoir on the road to Mildred, Texas, upper Midway.
Remarks.—The ‘Trinidad specimens agree with Plummer’s des-
cription and figures of G. triloculinoides (Plummer, 1926, pl. 8,
figs. 10a,b). The maximum diameter of the investigated specimens
ranges from about 0.125 mm. to 0.37 mm. Plummer noted 0.35 mm.
usually less, for the greatest diameter. The development of the
protruding lip appears to be variable. Sixteen out of 21 specimens
coil dextrally. Three specimens of G. triloculinoides from U.S.G.S.,
locality No. 5647, Naheola formation, Midway, upper fossiliferous
horizon, greensand bed, Naheola Landing on ‘TYombigbee River,
Choctaw Co., Alabama, were compared with the specimens from
Trinidad. ‘The Naheola specimens have a greatest diameter of 0.262
mm., 0.275 mm. and 0.287 mm. and delicate and transparent walls.
Arrangement and size of chambers, umbilicus and apertural features
are identical with those observed in the Trinidad material. It is
173. TRInmpap PAt.-L. Eoc. GLOBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN 25
not quite clear why this species was named ftriloculinoides as the final
whorl is invariably composed of four chambers.
Occurrence.—Lower zone of Lizard Springs formation, rare to
common. Upper zone of Lizard Springs formation, doubtful speci-
mens only. Sh. 100, 30 feet augerhole, T. L. L. Cat. No. 143838.
Kapur Stone area, Guayaguayare, south Trinidad.
Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE
Genus GLOBOROTALIA
Globorotalia compressa (Plummer), 1926 Plate 2, figs. 19-24
Globigerina compressa Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull., No. 2644, pp.
135-136, pl. 8, fivs. r1a-c; Plummer, 1937, Pub. Lab. Pal., Moscow Univ,
Prob. Pal., vols. 2-3, pl. 4, figs. 32a-c; Plummer, 1942, Cushman Lab.
Foram. Research, Contr:, vol. 18, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6.
(For further references see Plummer, 1942.)
The axially compressed trochoid test has a_ broad ellipsoid,
lobulate outline. The final volution is composed of five, occasionally
of six chambers. ‘The spiral side is slightly depressed. “Che umbilicus
is small, rather shallow, but distinct. “The chambers increase gradu-
ally in size; they are axially compressed and the peripheral margin
is bluntly angular. “The chambers are overlapping at the spiral side.
The well-defined sutures are curved in the direction of coiling at the
spiral side, and more or less straight umbilically. The aperture is
distinctly interiomarginal, extending from the umbilicus toward the
periphery of the test. The aperture and part of the umbilicus are
covered by a flaring lip. The walls are thin and extremely finely
perforate. “The surface is smooth. The species coils in both directions,
apparently with slight preference for the left side.
Holotype-—Globigerina compressa Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas
Bull., No. 2644, pl. 8, fig. 11a. (Although the holotype is not
especially designated it has to be inferred from the explanation on
p. 184, that figure I1a is the dorsal view of the holotype) ; from
Station 23 (p. 135), 24 in explanation to plate 8; Station 23 is
probably correct as Plummer remarks (p. 50) that “‘this has been
chosen as the type locality for a number of new forms.” Shallow
ditch at road corner southeast of new Corsicana reservoir on the road
to Mildred, Texas, upper Midway.
Remarks.—Cushman (1942, p. 44) observed that Globigerina
compressa from the Naheola formation should possibly be placed
26 BULLETIN 143 17
under Globorotalia. “Vhe compressed test and the obtusely angular
chambers are suggestive that this species could be a Globorotalia
to which genus it is here assigned on account of the interiomarginal
aperture as typically developed in Globorotalia menardii and related
forms. The Trinidad specimens agree with those described by Plum-
mer from the Midway of Texas, and with a specimen from U.S.G.S.
locality 5647, Naheola formation. “The maximum diameter of the
figured specimens from Trinidad is 0.212 mm. and 0.231 mm. The
Naheola specimen, which coils to the left, has a greatest diameter
of 0.25 mm. and Plummer records an average of 0.3 mm. and an
upper extreme of 0.4 mm. for the Midway material.
Occurrence.—Lower zone of Lizard Springs formation, rare.
Sh. 100, 30 feet augerhole, T. L. L. Cat. No. 143838, Kapur Stone
area, Guayaguayare, south Trinidad.
175 TRinipap PAL.-L. Eoc. GLoBIGERINIDAE: BRONNIMANN = 27
LITERATURE
Bandy, O. L.
1949. Eocene and Oligocene Foraminifera from Little Stave Creek,
Clarke County, Alabama. Bull. Amer. Pualeont., vol. 32, No. 131,
pp. 31-240, pls. 5-31.
Beck, S. R.
1943. Eocene Foraminifera from Cowlitz River, Lewis County, Wash-
ington. Jour. Paleont., vol. 17, pp. 584-614.
Bronnimann, P.
1952. Globigerinidae from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-
Maestrichtian) of Trinidad, B.W.1. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 34,
No. 140, pp. 1-70, pls. 1-4, 30 text figs.
Cushman, J. A.
1940. Midway Foraminifera from Alabama. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Research, Contr., vol. 16, pp. 51-73.
1944. A Paleocene foraminiferal fauna from the Coal Bluff marl
member of the Naheola formation of Alabama. Cushman Lab.
Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 20, pp. 29-52.
Cushman, J. A. and Garrett, J. B.
1939. Eocene Foraminifera of Wilcox age from Woods Bluff,
Alabama. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 15, pp. 79-89.
Cushman, J. A. and Ponton, G. M.
1922. An Eocene foraminiferal fauna of Wilcox age from Alabama.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 8, pp. 51-72.
Cushman, J. A. and Renz, H. H.
1942. Eocene, Midway, Foraminifera from Soldado Rock, Trinidad.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 18, pp. 1-20.
1946. The foraminiferal fauna of the Lizard Springs formation of
Trinidad, B.W.I. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Special Pub.,
No. 18.
Cushman, J. A. and Todd, R.
1942. The Foraminifera of the type locality of the Naheola formation.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 18, pp. 23-46.
Glaessner, M. F.
1937. Planktonforaminiferen aus der Kreide und dem Eozdn und ihre
stratigraphische Bedeutung. Studies in Micropaleontology, voi. 1,
fasc. 1, Pub. Lab. Pal. Moscow Univ., pp. 27-46.
1937. Studien ueber Foraminiferen aus der Kreide und dem Tertiaer
des Kaukasus. Studies in Micropaleontology, vols. 2-3, pp. 349-408.
28 BULLETIN 143 176
Martin, L. T.
1943. Eocene Foraminifera from the type Lodo formation, Fresno
County California. Stanford Univ. Pub., Geol. Sci., vol. 3, No. 3,
35 pp, pls. V-IX.
Plummer, H. J.
1926. Foraminifera of the Midway formation in Texas. Univ. Texas
Bull., No. 2644, 206°pp., XV _ pls.
Vaughan, T. W. and Cole, W. S.
1941. Preliminary report on the Cretaceous and Tertiary larger For-
aminifera of Trinidad, British West Indies. Geol.
Soc. America,
Special Pap., No. 30, 137 pp., 46 pls.
PEA TES
PLATE 1 (11)
30 BULLETIN 143 178
*
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 (11)
Figures Page
1-9. Globigerina soldadoensis Bronnimann, n. Sp. ..............--
Rz. 287; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50506. Lower zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad. MHolotypes, figures 4-6.
10-12. Globigerina primitiva (Finlay)
Rz. 287; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50506. Lower zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad.
13-15. Globigerina collactea (Finlay)
© (0 60:16 (0 0 040)» 0) 6 (0, 016 © 0..0))0) © \0)[e 6)\6/\e (e \o)(e lela te
Rz. 413; T.L.L., Cat. No. 59892. Ramdat marl, type locality,
near San Fernando, south Trinidad.
16-18. Globigerina gravelli Bronnimann, n. sp.
e109 (0: 00:10, ple) @. @. 8) see: © seve
Rz. 287; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50506. Lower zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad. Holotype.
All appr. 144
11
13
12
Pu. 11, Vou. 34 Buu. AMER. PALEONT. No. 148, Pu. 1
iis he
"y
‘
PEATE 2: (12)
32
Figures
1-3.
4-6.
10-12.
13-15.
16-18.
19-24.
BULLETIN 143 180
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2 (12)
Globigerina sp. aff. G. triloculinoides Plummer ..............
Rz. 287; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50506. Lower zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad.
Globigerina hornibrooki Bronnimann, Nn. Sp. ..............-.--
Rz. 287; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50506. Lower zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad. Holotype.
Globigerina linaperta Finlay ....................2cseeecceeees
Rz. 287; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50506. Lower zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad.
Globigerina finlayi Bronnimann, Nn. Sp. ..............-.2.e000--
Rz. 287; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50506. Lower zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad. Holotype.
Globigerina sp. aff. G. hornibrooki Bronnimann, n. sp. ......
Rz. 286; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50505. Lower zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad.
Globigerina taroubaensis Bronnimann, Nn. Sp. ..............--
Rz. 413; T.L.L., Cat. No. 59892. Ramdat marl, type locality,
riear San Fernando, south Trinidad. Holotype.
Globorotalia compressa Plummer .................eeeeeeeeees
Sh. 100, 30 feet augerhole; T.L.L., Cat. No. 143838. Kapur
Stone area, south Trinidad.
All appr. 144
15
16
18
15
18
25
Pu. 12, VOL. 34 BuLuL. AMER. PALEONT. No. 143, Pu. 2
PLATE 3 (13)
Figures
1-3.
4-6.
=9:
10-12.
13-18.
BULLETIN 143 182
*
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3 (13)
Globirerina) ‘turgida, Finlay) 2224S ocec oe con ee eer
Rz. 413; T.L.L., Cat. No. 59892. Ramdat marl, type locality,
near San Fernando, south Trinidad.
Globigerina,; 1: (SD) .62-0 je hone atime Sere ie Oe ener reer
Rz. 413; T.L.L., Cat. No. 59892. Ramdat marl, type locality,
near San Fernando, south Trinidad.
Globigerina pseudo-bulloides Plummer ........................
Rz. 281; T.L.L., Cat. No. 50314. Upper zone of Lizard Springs
formation, south Trinidad.
Globigerina stainforthi Bronnimann, n. sp. ..................
Sh. 100, 30 feet augerhole; T.L.L., Cat. No. 143838. Kapur
Stone area, south Trinidad. Holotype.
Giobigerina triloculinoides Plummer .......................:::
Sh. 100, 30 feet augerhole; T.L.L., Cat. No. 143838. Kapur
Stone area, south Trinidad.
All appr. 144
21
21
23
24
\PL. 18, Vou. 34 Buu. AMER. PALEONT. No. 143, Pu. 3
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX.
XXXII.
XXXII.
XXXTIL
XXXIV.
Volume 1.
IL
II.
CNOS ie eat ea Oy DO ROD POLS e nde ne Aira aU rn Wa ay re Ruin
Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of
Conrad.
NGS? S087) Sas 4 DD TL DISs ie balers ste etbaetane (one etelokgia ane a
Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca.
(UN@S.1;' 88-949) S06 pp SO) PIS. © See a OO a ee
Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia,
Mesozoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and
Maryland Miocene mollusks.
(Nos S5= LOO AZO DD Oar DISs Serene ciate ines sca siete sal eke
Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils,
Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Fogene
corals,
CONDOS. 102-108) oe) STGr spies SOs (DISK 1 li Sule Nanay aly A tea
Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian
fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela.
(Nos; 109-194) 0, 3412) pp 4: Mpls es Ve ON yaa ie
Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous
and Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams.
CNGSH BLS 116) ei 35i) DD. DaDISH tlie eee ela emani ee ature mi atagy
Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods.
(No. 117). 563 pp., 65 pls.
Jackson Eocene mollusks.
UNGS EIS 128) 456 Dior ts DIS. t euros S Meuaiereis ale abs ta temeeders
Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and
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cene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian
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(Nos: 129-133) 4294 np. VSS DISH OLR Gee aura ete re atureieate
Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams,
and Mytilarca.
(NOS 3132-139) Ads i pp. OL psi) is ic aa Pd ek vee
Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Ecuadoran
stratigraphy and paleontology.
(Nos. 140-143; 144 in press).
Trinidad Globigerinidae, Ordovician Enopleura, Tas-
manian Ordovician cephalopods and Tennessee Or-
dovician ostracods.
ee]
PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA
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BULLETINS
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PALEONTOLOGY
VOL. XXXIV
| BUS. CORP. Z20L
LiBRABY
MAR 2.0 1953
}
PAu ana
aw
VR DERMIS Wa a
j Galery
1953 MEAS eahi |
NUMBER 144
Paleontological Research Institution
thaca, New Yor
U.S. A.
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION
1953
PRESIDENT) s)he is ee eevee cata ealer We Ula aU (LH MOR aN Aili Deh a KENNETH E. CASTER
MIGE-PRESIDRNT [isis ek abate al Wales yanseanane cafeterias cM RY Wap eatialinra ls JoHn P. YOUNG
SECRETARY =| DREASURERS( siorets eit bmes tap ake chalet a atlats buswelaual ShaHatey uke REBECCA S. HArRIS
DERE CTOR: V0) eM) iE 0) SAN SUS ASTRA LLRUI MR Rea a i Oe KATHERINE V, W. PALMER
POU NSRE a) el ol sie iepaitke othe elitny amie feta cope a) sae alee iadahel aha eats ARMAND L. ADAMS
Trustees
KENNETH E. CASTER (1949-54) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life)
W. Storrs Cote (1952-58) RatpH A. LIDDLE (1950-56)
RousseEAU H. FLOWER (1950-55) AXEL A. OLSSON (1951-57)
RegBecca S, Harris (Life) JoHn P. Younc (1948-53)
BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
and
PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA \
KATHERINE V. W. Patmer, Editor
Lemp! H. SINCEBAUGH, Secretary
Editorial Board
KENNETH E. CASTER G. WINsTON SINCLAIR
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BULLETINS
OF
AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
Vol. 34
No. 144
ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN CEPHALOPODS FROM
TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA
By
Curt Teichert and Brian F. Glenister
University of Melbourne
March 9, 1953
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION
ITHACA, NEw York
WS: AS
[wws. cep. 2801.
LIBRARY
MAR 20 195
HARVARD
GRISERSHTY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PANS UL Cty eee a eee TP PALS N ae ASSN ion YA ELESS ROU NOC eTEE Rencee oh seirer 5
| e¥tRoYa Lb (esol oly ememetrescncee aie alana choices Sec ont 0 CMa DR ine ae rere wena hao. O catusckone 5
Previous record of Ordovician and Silurian cephalopods from Tasmania 5
Lower Paleozoic rocks of Tasmania and their cephalopod faunas ........ 7
Successions and! safiinities) of cephalopod) taunay. «445456 45- oe eee II
ihable——Successionly ofe faunas sscudied meer ae ee cee eee eee 12
Systematic sdescniptions: "hes cic semrcverie seer iee clears ee erence este tone mee toe 1
LU CLARE AN OCT RT OS OVZAV SRI SpE Be SS cok ato OO Sore ES Cee oN o.tiate.clo 13
WMicwGhiunOcer acm steatecllel Chel tmmnrrcoerye rile ieee eine 13
Willocotocerasmleichert sandeGlenistery sian Pen we eer cise deck ae oer 14
Allocotoceras insigne TVeichert and Glenister, n. sp. ................ 16
Masmanocerassleichert wands Glenister urea eee enna ae 16
Tasmanoceras zeehanense YVeichert and Glenister ................... 16
ING Dy OGCrAS a MEL OCUSSOMIN tieeeN ah oe chao eeeg ICR OO Loe eee ee 17
Nybyoceras paucicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ........ 18
Nybyoceras multicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ........ 20
Onifonjuy ocenasess nimizumnand © batamcee terrence eect ere 23
Orthonybyoceras tasmaniense YVeichert and Glenister, n. sp. ......... 2
Or TO CORA SERSTO KE Siero osc sey eee se oe REE ho yee ones 25
Ormoceras johnstoni Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. .................. 27
AlDaG MOeeas Shyvanvau. incl OME acco gacuobsooonacnacgoenodcougodbe 29
Anaspyroceras anzaas Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ................ 2
ATLAS DY TOCENAS aS Dae aie ss fag Ret eR he Te a EI RN RTS I ie aor ee 31
WMaysterioceras Weichert and “Glenister, mm gems o. 220-4. 5. 6 as et oases 33
Mysterioceras australe Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. .............. 34
Sijomacocerasmiuerchert and. Glenistersnescenwne seers ree cee ae 36
Stromatoceras eximium Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ..............- 37
Gordonoceras: meichert: and: Glenistery ns gene eerie en eee ee ere 39
Gordonoceras bondi Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ..............-- 39
ET PRERPIOLEAOCERAS: NEOCTSEC . -scocd2 75 yz Gi She Ree NS Seales aS oa ene va 40
Ephippiorthoceras decorum Teichert and Glenister .................. 40
BelowoGernas. WOCTStes ac sc heaa tet 52s, 9 2 SOE Oe ee Cee ree 42
Belowtoceras ‘kiztom Weichert and Glenister, ns sp. .....025-..2---6-- 42
iMacatoceras, meichert and, Glenisters. ese sac ioe oe oe iorine er eee 43
Hecatoceras longinquum Teichert and Glenister ..................-. 43
Hecatoceras obliquum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ................ 46
Tio cholitoaes ase ly att) ae, cae = axes Te Re Or ae 47
Trocholitoceras idaense Yeichert and Glenister, n. sp. ............. 47
GOSG0WSOCPT AS MROCLStC Ns 05 aio eicts sores Aare oy eee ST red ons 48
Gasconsoceras insperatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ........... 48
Biblrographiys Wereccc 20 aresot ates erecsho es sxc eee eater ee MHS Re et erolfeveini ober Srosiione eueie e 50
124 EN Cer) reels by SPA ER ERS aa ROR CNG riche oe co EC CAEY Cone CRORE CoE RR RE 55
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I é
ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN CEPHALOPODS FROM
TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA
CurtT TEICHERT AND BRIAN F. GLENISTER
University of Melbourne
ABSTRACT
Considerable collections of new or inadequately known early Paleozoic
nautiloids from various localities in Tasmania are described. It is concluded
that these faunas range in age from Upper Canadian to Lower or possibly
Middle Silurian (Niagaran). New genera described as Allocotoceras,
Mysterioceras, Gordonoceras and Stromatoceras and new species of Nybyo-
ceras, Orthonybyoceras, Ormoceras, Anaspyroceras, Ephippiorthoceras, Beloito-
ceras, Hecatoceras, Trocholitoceras and Gasconsoceras are included.
INTRODUCTION
Although the presence of early Paleozoic cephalopeds in Tas-
mania has been known since 1862, no species were described and
named until 1947 when one of us (C. T.) described a small fauna
of piloceroids and endoceroids from Adamsfield (Teichert, 1947).
Interest in Tasmanian cephalopods was further stimulated when one
of us (C. T.) attended the Tasmanian meeting of the Australian and
New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science in Janu-
ary, 1949. A number of important Ordovician sections were inspected
under the leadership of Mr. M. R. Banks. On this occasion some
important collections were made, particularly from the Smelter’s
Quarry, near Zeehan in western Tasmania. In addition many
interesting specimens were obtained on loan from the Queen Victoria
Museum, Launceston; from the Department of Geology, University
of Tasmania, Hobart; and from the Tasmanian Museum, Hobart.
We are greatly indebted to Messrs. N. J. B. Plomley, Bruce Ellis,
M. R. Banks, Dr. J. Pearson and to Professor S$. W. Carey for
making this unique material available to us for study.
PREVIOUS RECORD OF ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN
CEPHALOPODS FROM TASMANIA
Gould (1862) was the first to notice the occurrence of cephalo-
pods (‘“Orthoceratites”’ and “Lituites’) in limestone from the lower
twenty miles of the Gordon River, Macquarie Harbour, western
6 BULLETIN 144 188
Tasmania. Their exact localities are unknown. He again referred
to them in 1866. However, these and other early collections were
ill-fated and were never described. Specimens were sent to Salter
in England. He gave a number of manuscript names which were
published by Bigsby (1868), republished by Etheridge (1878), and
again by Johnston in 1888. The species named were Lituites
Gouldti, Orthoceras antilope, O. theca, O. Murchisoni, and O.
Youngii, but none of these have ever been described and the names
remain nomina nuda, Johnston (1888, pl. IV) figured four specimens
of “Orthoceras sp. indet.” and one of “Phragmoceras sp. indet.,
allied: to P. compressum (Sow.),” all of which most probably came
from rocks of lower Silurian age, although no accurate localities
were given. Some of Johnston’s specimens are refigured and described
in the present paper.
In 1909, “Twelvetrees reported the presence of ‘numerous
)
specimens of dctinoceras” from Railton in northern Tasmania, and
later welvetrees and Ward (1910, p. 41) added some cephalopods
from Zeehan in western ‘Tasmania to the list under the names
“Orthoceras sp. ind.” and “‘Actinoceras sp. ind.’ ‘The fossils from
Railton were again referred to by A. M. Reid in 1924 (pp. 25-26)
who quoted F. Chapman’s identification of them as dActinoceras
cf. tater Ethridge and Trochoceras sp. (?). This suggested cor-
relation with the Larapintine formation of central Australia, of
known Ordovician age, but as will be shown below, the evidence
was not correctly interpreted. Finally, another locality for Ordovi-
cian cephalopods was put on record by Thomas (1945) who observed
them in marly sandstones underlying limestone beds at Adamsfield in
southcentral Tasmania.
Up to this time no Tasmanian cephalopod had been accurately
described and correctly named. In 1947, Teichert described a small
fauna of piloceratids and endoceratids from the marly sandstones at
Adamsfield, proving their early Ordovician (Upper Canadian) age.
In a recent paper (1952) the present authors gave a summary report
on Tasmanian nautiloids, describing two new genera under the names
of Hecatoceras longinquum and Tasmanoceras zeehanense. “Two
species of Nybyoceras and one of Ormoceras were recorded from the
limestone at Railton, Anaspyroceras was recorded from Zeehan and
Beloitoceras from Queenstown.
189 TASMANIAN Orb. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: ‘TEICHERT & GLENISTER 7
The present paper contains descriptions of a number of fossils
whose exact localities are unknown. ‘The authors have described them
because frequent reference has been made to them in earlier publica-
tions, and some are of considerable taxonomic value. Specimens
whose exact localities are unknown are: the hypotypes of Jasmano-
ceras zeehanense and Anaspyroceras, sp. and the holotypes of Stro-
matoceras eximium, Gordonoceras bondi, Ephippiorthoceras decorum
and Gasconsoceras insperatum.
LOWER PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF TASMANIA
AND THEIR CEPHALOPOD FAUNAS
As recently as 1938, an official publication on the geology of
Tasmania (Nye and Blake, 1938) listed only two records of
Ordovician fossils, one of which was later proved to be incorrect
(Thomas, 1948). The literature on the Lower Paleozoic formations
cf Tasmania prior to about 1940 is not without interest because it
demonstrates a series of attempts to do stratigraphy ‘without William
Smith.” Fossils were either overlooked or, if found, generally
incorrectly identified. This story has been told by Thomas (1948)
to whose paper the reader can be referred.
Since about 1940 there has been an increasing realization of
the widespread occurrence of Ordovician rocks in Tasmania and ot
the importance of the limestone facies in this period (see Lewis, 1940;
Kobayashi, 1940b; Hill, 1942, 1943; Hill and Edwards, 1941;
Teichert, 1947, and Brown, 1948). A summary of some of these
modern developments was presented by Hills and Carey (1949) who
listed 16 separate occurrences of fossiliferous Ordovician limestone.
More recently further additions to the knowledge of the Ordovician
rocks of Tasmania have been made by members of the Geology
Department of the University of Tasmania. Hills and Carey applied
the name Gordon River limestone to all Ordovician limestones of
‘Tasmania—and to some that might be of early Silurian age.
Recently one of us (B.F.G.) spent four weeks inspecting the
Lower and Middle Paleozoic sections of Bubbs Hill, Queenstown, the
lower Gordon River, Adamsfield, Rasselas Valley, Florentine Valley,
Maydena and Ida Bay under the guidance of Professor S. W. Carey
(to whom grateful acknowledgment is hereby made). Field observa-
tions indicate that the limestones which outcrop in these areas belong
8 BULLETIN 144 190
to the one formation, namely the Gordon limestone, and it would
seem reasonable to assume that the limestones of Zeehan and Railton
also belong here. Many of the areas mentioned above are joined by
a continuous outcrop of the Gordon limestone despite tectonic
disturbance and the fact that the limestone is readily soluble and
thus tends to produce physiographically low belts. The Gordon
limestone is generally underlain conformably by the West Coast
Range conglomerate and overlain by rocks of the Eldon group, either
conformably or with a possible disconformity. “The West Coast
Range conglomerate varies markedly in thickness and the Caroline
Creek sandstones and Florentine shales probably represent two facies
of the same formation. The marly sandstones of Adamsfield contain-
ing the piloceroid and endoceroid fauna represent a facies variant of
Afailton
‘\ a Zeehan le
a Smelters Quarry
Queenstown
allen
1
ig # Adamsfield
Junee Caves
Fig. 1. Tasmania, showing localities where lower Paleozoic nautiloids have
been found.
101 TASMANIAN ORD. Sit. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 9
the West Coast Range conglomerate. Identical stratigraphic succes-
sions in the passage beds from West Coast Range conglomerate are
thus not to be expected in geographically separated areas.
Both the bottom and the top of the Gordon limestone are
probably transgressive, and the thickness varies considerably. When
this and the imperfection of the fossil collections are realized, the
variation in age of faunas from different localities can be readily
understood. At present only isolated horizons have been thoroughly
searched. ‘Thus the cephalopod collections from the marly sandstones
immediately below the Gordon limestone at Adamsfield are of Upper
Canadian (pre-Chazyan) age, those of the Gordon limestone at
Railton Chazyan or younger, those of the Gordon limestone at
Zeehan and Queenstown Upper Ordovician. The limestones from
which Johnston (1888) figured a number of cephalopods and other
fossils and which probably belong to the original Gordon limestone
of Gould contain a few forms with Middle Silurian affinities.
A full discussion of the present state of knowledge of the
Ordovician and Silurian rocks of Tasmania is being prepared by
Carey and Banks, but the following notes on the occurrence of the
fossils described below may be helpful. Cephalopods are almost
entirely restricted to limestones, and the noncalcareous facies of the
Ordovician and Silurian of Tasmania will not be discussed.
1. Adamsfield——This occurrence has been discussed by ‘eichert
(1947) who described from it Piloceras tasmaniense, Manchuroceras
steanei, M. excavatum, Utoceras? sp., and Swuecoceras robustum.
These are the oldest known cephalopod-bearing rocks of ‘Tasmania
and are of early Ordovician (Upper Canadian) age. “They are marly
sandstones and probably represent a transition facies in the West
Coast Range conglomerate lying immediately below the Gordon
limestone. To the above-mentioned species a new genus, 4/locoto-
ceras is added in the present paper.
2. Ida Bay.—These limestones were briefly described by Twelve-
trees (1915) but no reference was made to fossils. Fossils were first
found, in more recent years, by Mr. D. Dickenson ard later by
members of the Geology Department of the University of “Tasmania.
Ida Bay is one of the inner ramifications of a major inlet, known as
Southport, on the east coast of Tasmania, 50 miles south of Hobart,
not far from the southern extremity of the island. The thickness of
10 ‘BULLETIN 144 ' 192
the Ordovician limestone in this district is considerable but has not
yet been accurately measured. Most of the rocks are hard, and
fossils are difficult to extract. We have previously described Hecato-
ceras longinquum from this locality (Teichert and Glenister, 1952).
A new genus, Mysterioceras and a new species, Trocholitoceras
idaense are described in the present paper.
3. Zeehan, Smelter’s Quarry.—The geology of this locality, which
lies 2 miles south of Zeehan, has never been accurately described, but
ii has been mentioned in papers by Twelvetrees and Ward (1910),
Hills (1927), Edwards (1939), and Gill and Banks (1950). This
limestone contains Tetradium tasmaniense Chapman which indicates
Middle to Upper Ordovician age. From this locality we have pre-
viously described (Teichert and Glenister, 1952) two new genera,
Flecatoceras longinquum and Tasmanoceras zeehanense. "Two addi-
tional new species, Hlecatoceras obliquum and Anaspyroceras anzaas
are described in the present paper. The associated fauna is particularly
interesting and includes gastropods which belong to Helicotoma,
Holopea, Hormotoma, Lophospira, Raphistoma, and other genera.
The aspect of this fauna is Upper Ordovician. It resembles most
an American Trenton fauna but may possibly be as young as
Richmond.
The holotype of Ormoceras johnstoni comes from a_ sheared
limestone, King Extended Hill, Zeehan.
4. Railton.—The limestones in this locality have been described by
Reid (1924, pp. 20-27) who applied the name Railton limestone to
them. Although the rocks are folded and sheared, they are being
quarried extensively. Fossils are, however, very rare. “The record
of “Actinoceras cf. tate’ (fide Chapman, in Reid 1924, p. 26) almost
certainly refers to specimens which are here described as Nybyoceras
paucicubiculatum and Nybyoceras multicubiculatum. We have shown
elsewhere (Teichert and Glenister, 1952) that ‘““dctinoceras tatei’
trom the Larapintine formation of central Australia belongs to Madi-
ganella, a genus of Cyrtogomphoceratidae, and there is thus no basis
tor a correlation of the Railton limestone with the Larapintine
formation.
5. Old Flux Quarry, near Queenstown.—This occurrence has
been discussed (as part of the “Queen River Series”) by Edwards
(1939, p. 69) and by Edwards and Hill (1941). The only cephalo-
193 TASMANIAN Orb. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER II
pod from this limestone is Beloitoceras kirtoni. From the corals
Edwards and Hill give the age of the deposit as Upper Ordovician.
Three species of Tetradium are known from this locality.
6. Junee Caves.—This locality is situated in the Tyenna Valley.
Limestones form part of a thick Paleozoic section which has been
briefly described by Lewis (1940), who referred to the limestones
a: “Blue Junee Limestone.’ The only identifiable cephalopod from
the Junee limestone is Orthonybyoceras tasmaniense, representing
a genus which is widespread in the Ordovician of North America.
7. Gordon River—Two new genera, Gordonoceras and Stromato-
ceras, together with three new species, Ephippiothoceras decorum,
Anaspyroceras, sp. and Gasconsoceras insperatum are described from
the Gordon River. The localities of the specimens are unknown
beyond the general locality, Gordon River, western Tasmania. ‘The
presence of Gasconsoceras indicates affinities with the Middle Silurian
of North America. The Tasmanian species, however, is not a typical
member of the genus and although Gasconsoceras insperatum has an
undoubted Silurian aspect, it is possible that it is of Lower Silurian
age. We may thus conclude that the Gordon limestone extends into
the Silurian, but the exact age of its upper limit must remain uncer-
tain until new collections are made.
SUCCESSION AND AFFINITIES
OF CEPHALOPOD FAUNA
The older Paleozoic cephalopod faunas of Tasmania are pre-
dominantly of east Asiatic and to a lesser extent of North American
affinities. There is a strong endemic element, and there are few if
any relationships with the fauna of central and western Australia.
Part of this diversity is due to differences in age, since most of the
Tasmanian nautiloids are younger than the central and northwestern
Australian ones.
The fauna of the marly sandstones underlying the Gordon
limestone at Adamsfield is the oldest. It is an Upper Canadian fauna
of strong east Asiatic affinities and has nothing in common with the
at least partly contemporaneous fauna of the Emanuel limestone of
northwestern Australia.
The relative ages of the limestones of Zeehan, Railton, and Ida
Bay cannot be decided with certainity. The thick section at Ida Bay
194
BULLETIN 144
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195 TASMANIAN ORpD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER mS
may represent a considerable part of the Ordovician and coral evidence
suggests that the top of the limestone is of early Silurian age. The
occurrence of JTrocholitoceras suggests presence of Upper Canadian,
although the ‘Tasmanian species has certain features linking it to the
Middle and Upper Ordovocian Discoceras, and may therefore be
younger. Hecatoceras also occurs in the limestone at Zeehan.
Actinoceroids of the type found at Railton are most common in
the American Chazyan and Mohawkian and corresponding rocks of
Europe and Asia. “The limestone at Zeehan which contains only new
genera (T’asmanoceras, Hecatoceras) is, according to other evidence,
Upper Ordovician.
The limestone from the Gordon River contains at least one
cephalopod (Gasconsoceras) of Middle Silurian (Niagaran) aspect
and the remaining genera are likewise of North American affinities.
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS
Family MANCHUROCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1935
Genus MANCHUROCERAS Ozaki, 1927
Manchuroceras steanei Teichert, 1947 12, il, sais, il,
1947. Manchuroceras steanei Teichert, Jour. Paleont., vol. 21, No. 5,
Ppp. 426-427, pl. 58, figs. 6-8, 12.
Knowledge of this species can be supplemented by description of
another specimen which is here selected as a hypotype (No. 20514,
Department of Geology, University of Tasmania). The specimen
under consideration is part of the internal mould of a siphuncle which
is 41.5 mm. long. ‘The dimensions and external features are very
similar to those of the holotype. Unlike the holotype this specimen
is annulated to its adapical tip.
The inside of the siphuncle is lined with calcitic material rep-
resenting recrystallized endosiphuncular sheaths. This layer is poorly
preserved but appears to be of uniform thickness. A further deposit,
which is oval in cross-section, almost fills the endosiphocone. ‘This is
the endosiphuncular wedge described by Teichert (1947). A narrow
longitudinal groove runs down its dorsal surface. Where the siphuncle
has a dorso-ventral diameter of 15.6 mm. and a lateral diameter of
16.5 mm., the endosiphuncular wedge has dorso-ventral and lateral
diameters of 10.9 mm. and 13.0 mm., respectively, and the maximum
14 BULLETIN 144 196
width of the unoccupied endosiphocone, measured in the dorso-ventral
mid-plane, is 2.4 mm.
Comparisons—The holotype of Manchuroceras steanei shows a
thin endosiphuncular wedge, lenticular in cross-section and occupying
roughly one-quarter the volume of the endosiphocone. The hypotype is
significant in that it demonstrates the possibility of the endosiphuncu-
lar wedge growing in dimensions so that it would eventually fill the
space inside the last endocone. Under a variety of conditions of
fossilization and preservation (including those prevalent at Adamsfield )
the presence of an endosiphuncular wedge developed to this degree
would be almost impossible to detect.
Occurrence.—Ordovician (Upper Canadian) marly sandstones
trom Adamsfield, south central Tasmania.
Family ENDOCERATIDAE Hyatt
Genus ALLOCOTOCERAS Teichert and Glenister, n. gen.
Type species—Allocotoceras insigne "Teichert and Glenister,
Ne Sp:
Description Shells with straight to gently curved siphuncles
which expand slowly and uniformly adorally; siphuncle round and
almost in contact with ventral shell wall; annulations of siphuncle
moderately pronounced, slope backwards from ventral (convex) side
to the dorsaly (concave) side; septal necks holochoanitic, segments of
siphuncle gentle concave; endosiphuncular sheaths arranged symmetri-
cally leaving a circular endocone; endosiphuncular wedge present in
dorsal portion of endocone.
The name is derived from the Greek word meaning eccentric.
Affinities —The genus Kotoceras Kobayashi (1936) is somewhat
similar in having a spiculum which is flattened on one side but differs
from Allocotoceras in having the flattening on the ventral side. From
the description by Kobayashi it is not clear if this flattening is due
to the endocones being shaped in this way or whether an endosiphun-
cular wedge is present. Unfortunately Kotoceras and other genera
of Endoceratidae established by Kobayashi in 1934 were based on
alleged features whose reality cannot be accepted without serious
misgivings. In Kotoceras, according to its author, the siphuncle is
supposed to be ‘‘actually in contact with shell wall on wide flattened
197 TASMANIAN ORD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 15
ventral side” and it is made clear that this is to be understood to
mean that septa and septal necks are absent from a median region
along the ventral part of the shell.
Two other genera are supposed to be characterized by the same
feature. [hese are Paravaginoceras, which is said to differ from
Kotoceras in having a strongly depressed cross-section of the conch,
and Kawasakiceras which has an annulate shell. Some years ago the
senior author received from Dr. Kobayashi a plaster cast of the
holotype of Kotoceras typicum, and he has examined many specimens
of European endoceroids in a very similar state of preservation. Fossil
Endoceratida are commonly preserved in such a way that the shell
has been completely removed as has also the septal substance and the
septal necks along the ventral side of the specimen. If the septal
necks along the ventral side are straight and their posterior edges fit
smoothly into the preceding septal neck, the internal mould will be
quite smooth. Endoceratida of this kind and in this type of preserva-
tion have been described and figured from Sweden, Estonia, and
North America and in no case is there any reason to assume actual
discontinuity of the septa and the sutures across the venter.
Kobayashi’s contention also raises difficulties in physiological
interpretation. Septum and septal neck are secretions ot the mantle
which completely envelopes the posterior end of the cephalopod
animal. To assume that no septal substance was secreted along the
ventral zone implies important differences in organization of the
animal. One would have to postulate either a ventral zone of non-
secretion of septal substance or an actual discontinuity in the mantle.
The latter is unknown among molluscs, and either assumption would
suggest fundamental anatomical differences of much greater taxonomic
significance than on the generic level.
We believe, therefore, that the morphological criteria on which
Paravaginoceras, Kotoceras, and Kawasakiceras have been based are
invalid. It may be possible to retain Kotoceras for Endoceratidae
with ventrally flattened spiculum. “The holotypes of the type species
of Paravaginoceras, P. parvodepressum, and Kawasakiceras, K. densi-
striatum are poorly preserved and fail to show diagnostic internal
structures, so that these two genera will for the present remain
unrecognizable.
16 BULLETIN 144 198
Allocotoceras insigne Teichert and Glenister, n.sp. Pl. 1, figs. 3-5
Description of holotype (No. 21181, Department of Geology,
University of Tasmania).—The holotype is a gently curved internal
mould of a siphuncle with a narrow strip of shell adhering to the
ventral surface. The specimen has beén slightly distorted near its
apical end, but the curvature was apparently exogastric, the siphuncle
lying close to the ventral- wall of the shell. The specimen is 63.6
mm. long and expands uniformly adorally. Near its posterior end
both the lateral and dorso-ventral diameters measure 4.6 mm., while
at the anterior end the lateral diameter is 8.6 mm. and the dorso-
ventral diameter, 8.4 mm.
The surface of the siphuncle bears annulations which slope
backwards from the convex towards the concave side at an angle of
75° to the longitudinal axis. The distance between successive
annulations is cne-third the diameter of the siphuncle. “The annula-
tions are pronounced across the dorsum and flanks but become less
distinct ventrally and can not be traced across the venter. ‘The
annulations occur immediately anterior to the anterior end of the
holochoanitic septal necks, so that the segments of the siphuncle are
gently concave.
The endocones have recrystallized into a wall which is somewhat
thicker on the ventral than on the dorsal side, leaving a gently tapering
endosiphocone 14 mm. in depth. ‘This lining is thickened on the mid-
ventral (convex) side to form a low ridge projecting into the endo-
siphocone. On the dorsal (concave) side a wedge-shaped deposit has
partially filled the endosiphocone; its ventral face is slightly convex.
The same type of structure was observed by ‘eichert (1947) in
Manchuroceras and named ‘‘endosiphowedge,” but the term ‘‘endo-
siphuncular wedge” seems preferable.
Occurrence.—Ordovician (Upper Canadian) marly sandstones
from Adamsfield, south central “Tasmania.
Genus TASMANOCERAS Teichert and Glenister, 1952
Tasmanoceras zeehanense Teichert and Glenister, 1952 Pl. 4, figs. 4,95
1952. Tasmanoceras zechanense Yeichert and Glenister, Jour. Paleont.,
vol. 26, No. 5, p. 739, pl. 104, figs. 3-9.
Description of hypotype (No. B845, “Tasmanian Museum,
Hobart ).—In an earlier paper (1952) the present authors described
199 TASMANIAN ORD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 17
a small, slowly expanding straight or weakly curved endoceroid under
the new generic name of Tasmanoceras. The genus was described .
from two siphuncle fragments. At the time it was pointed out that
the holotype belonged to a conch which was probably gently curved
endogastrically whereas the paratype was gently exogastric.
Since the presentation of the manuscript containing the descrip-
tions of the original type material, another specimen belonging to
this species has come into our possession. Like the holotype this
specimen is a fragment of a siphuncle belonging to a gently curved
endogastric conch. Recrystallization has obliterated the endocones,
but along the flanks of the siphuncle, where they originally reached
the periphery, weathering has produced furrows between successive
endocones, leaving them standing out as longitudinal ridges.
Occurrence.—Gordon River, western Tasmania. Exact locality
unknown. The holotype of this species occurs in the Smelter’s
Quarry, Zeehan, of Middle to Upper Ordovician age. This fact
suggests that Ordovician as well as Silurian limestones occur on the
Gordon River.
Family ARMENOCERATIDAE ‘Troedsson, 1926
Genus NYBYOCERAS Troedsson, 1926
The genus Wutinoceras Shimizu and Obata (1936) is to be
regarded as a synonym of Nybyoceras. It was established with
Nybyoceras foerstei Endo (1930) as the type species, but unfortun-
ately Shimizu and Obata had several wrong conceptions about
Nybyoceras foerstei as well as about Nybyoceras bekkeri ‘Vroedsson,
the type species of Nybyoceras. Wutinoceras is supposed to be
distinguished from Nybyoceras by being longiconic, by having
crmoceratoid septal necks, and by the connecting rings being in broad
contact ventrally with the adoral surfaces of the septa in such a way
that the latter are bent forward and follow the connecting rings for
about half of their circumference, then bend abruptly and obliquely
forward and outward until they meet the wall of the conch. Study
of the holotypes of the type species of Nybyoceras and Wutinoceras
shows that only the last mentioned feature has any reality. ‘The
basal adnation area on the ventral side of Nybyoceras foerstei is
indeed considerably broader than in Nybyoceras bekkeri. As regards
the other alleged differences it is true that Troedsson (1926, p. 106)
18 BULLETIN 144 200
described Nybyoceras as a “brevicone’, but there is no reason to
suppose that the somewhat fragmentary holotype of Nybyoceras
bekkeri is any more breviconic than other large actinoceroids. In
tact, it would probably be more correct to call it longiconic. The
shapes of the septal necks of Nybyoceras bekkeri and Nybyoceras
foerstei are very similar and those of the latter are by no means
ormoceratoid but typically armenoceratoid (see Teichert, 1933, pl. 10,
a Sane y)
The width of the ventral posterior adnation surface of segments
of the siphuncle cannot be regarded as a feature on which generic
differences can be based. Shimizu and Obata themselves (1936, p.
29) have referred to Wutinoceras the holotype of Nybyoceras
aigawaense Endo (1935, pl. 11, fig. 13), a species in which the
shape of the septa on the ventral side of the siphuncle is the same
as In Nybyoceras bekkeri.
Nybyoceras paucicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister, n.sp.
Pll figs: 6) 9
Description of holotype (No. O.S. 37:10, Queen Victoria
Museum, Launceston, Tasmania).— The holotype is a well-preserved
phragmocone which has been sectioned in the dorso-ventral mid-plane.
It is straight and has a length of 252 mm. ‘The conch cross-section
is subcircular but slightly flattened across the venter so that the
dorso-ventral diameter is smaller than the lateral diameter. “Towards
the apical end of the specimen the dorso-ventral diameter is 32 mm.
and the lateral, 33 mm., while 210 mm. adorally from this point
the corresponding measurements are 60 mm. and 62 mm., indicating
an apical angle of 8°. The number of camerae in a length equal
to the dorso-ventral diameter of the conch varies between 8 and 10
in different parts of the shell. At the apical end of the specimen the
highly nummuloidal siphuncle has a diameter of 9 mm., and _ its
ventral surface lies 4 mm. from the ventral surface of the conch,
while at the adoral extremity the siphuncular diameter has increased
to 14 mm., and its distance from the ventral conch surface is 7 mm.
The diameter of the siphuncle averages .28 that of the whole conch,
and the septal necks are constricted to half the diameter of the outer
surfaces of the connecting rings. [wo camerae together have a
height equal to the diameter of the siphuncle.
The sutures slope gently backwards from the dorsal towards
201 TASMANIAN ORpD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 19
the ventral side of the conch. The curvature of the septa shows a
marked variation, the maximum concavity, which occurs in the middle
of the conch, ranging from 7.5 mm. to 14 mm. Along lines dorsal to
the siphuncle where the connecting rings cease to be adnate to the
adapical surface of the septa, the uniform curvature of any particular
septum is destroyed by a sharp backward swing of the septum.
Cameral deposits are present in all camerae. Near the apical
end of the conch these deposits almost completely fill the camerae.
They occupy only a small percentage of the camerae towards the
adoral end of the specimen. Episeptal deposits generally develop
before hyposeptal deposits. The hyposeptal deposits in the ventral
portion of the camerae are invariably the last to develop.
Septal necks range in length from .35 mm. to 1.0 mm. and are
generally sharply recurved. ‘They are often flattened against the
underside of the septum but in some cases are gently rounded and
open as in Actinoceras. On the dorsal side of the siphuncle, the
connecting rings are adnate to the adoral surfaces of the septa for
widths up to 2.1 mm. On the adapical side they are attached to
the brims and adapical surfaces of the septa for distances up to 3.9
mm. An entirely different structure is seen on the ventral side, where
the area of adnation is up to 4.8 mm. wide on the adoral surface.
The connecting rings generally do not come into contact with the
adapical septal surface although a few are adnate to the septum for
as much as 1.6 mm. Brims of 2.3 mm. width, on the dorsal side,
and 1.2 mm. on the ventral side, do occur, but the average length is
about .g mm. on both sides. Laterally this asymmetry is no longer
found as the connecting rings are in contact with the septa for a
distance of 1.5 mm. on both surfaces of the septum.
The diameter of the endosiphuncular canal averages .25 that
of the whole siphuncle. A ring of radial canals is given off in each
segment; these radial canals are characteristically irregular and simple,
though a few bifurcate. In cross-section the radial canals are seen
to be made up of numerous thin concentric layers. On the dorsal
side of the siphuncle the radial canals are directed backwards and
empty into the perispatium in the adapical half of the segment,
whereas on the ventral side the radial canals are bent forward and
enter the perispatium in the adoral half of the segment. Laterally
the canals enter the perispatium more or less symmetrically. In
20 BULLETIN 144 202
eccentric sections it becomes apparent that each ring of radial canals
has its individual canals joined by a thin irregular lamella of tissue
for which the name siphuncular membrane is here proposed. In the
adapical portion of the shell, primary calcareous deposits fill that part
of the endosiphuncle not occupied by the canal system and the peris-
patium. In many cases these deposits show a clearly laminated
structure. ‘The perispatia are narrow and generally stretch almost
the whole distance between adjacent septa. Laminated perispatial
deposits completely fill the perispatium at the adapical end of the
specimen and fill at least part of it even in the youngest segment of
the siphuncle.
Affinities —The relationships of this species with Nybyoceras
multicubiculatum will be discussed in connection with the latter
species below.
Occurrence.—Ordovician limestones at Railton, northern ‘Tas-
mania.
Nybyoceras multicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 2, figs. 1-3
Description of holotype (No. O.S. 37:15, Queen Victoria
Museum, Launceston, Tasmania).—The holotype is a phragmocone,
160 mm. long which has been sectioned in the dorso-ventral mid-
plane. The conch is not quite straight, but it is thought that the
irregularities are due to crushing and shearing in the parent rock.
The dorsal portion of the shell is well preserved, but the conch on
the ventral side of the siphuncle has been destroyed. Few conch
dimensions can be measured with accuracy, but the lateral diameter
at the apical end of the specimen was 20 mm., and it is probable
that the dorso-ventral diameter was slightly less. The siphuncle
measures 9.5 mm. in the dorso-ventral mid-section at the apical end
of the specimen and has increased to 13.6 mm. at the oral end. It
is highly annulated being reduced in diameter at the septal necks to
3.4 mm. at the apical end of the specimen and 5.4 mm. at the oral
end. One and a half to two camerae have a height equal to the
diameter of the siphuncle.
Cameral deposits are present in all camerae but do not fill them
completely. Episeptal and hyposeptal deposits appear simultaneously
and are developed to an equal degree. ‘The destruction of the conch
ventral to the siphuncle suggests that cameral deposits were not well
developed in this region.
203 TASMANIAN ORD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 21
On the dorsal side of the siphuncle the septal brims are up to
t.1 mm. wide and the septal necks reach a maximum length of .6 mm.
The septal necks are sharply recurved and the edges of the brims are
generally pressed against the adapical surface of the septa. On the
adoral surface of the septa at the dorsal side of the siphuncle, the
area of adnation reaches a maximum width of .5 mm. while on the
adapical side of the septa the connecting rings are adnate to the
septum for a maximum distance of 1.8 mm. Ventrally the septal
brims measure up to I.I mm. in length and the septal necks have a
maximum length of .7 mm. They are entirely different in shape
from the septal necks on the dorsal surface being open at the outer
extremities and never pressed against the adapical surface of the
septa. The area of adnation on the adoral surface of the septum
probably reaches a maximum of 5.0 mm., but because of the destruc-
tion of the ventral surface of the siphuncle the maximum measurement
taken was 4.2 mm. ‘The connecting rings are never adnate to the
adapical surface of the septa on the ventral surface of the siphuncle.
The endosiphuncular canal has a diameter measuring about one-
third that of the whole siphuncle. It gives rise to a system of
irregular radial canals. Individual canals almost invariably branch
at least once, and some have been observed with tour branches. “The
siphuncular membranes, which join these branches, may themselves
branch, with the result that the siphuncle becomes divided into many
small chambers. Where preserved, the perispatium is very narrow
and almost completely filled with laminated perispatial deposits.
Primary calcareous deposits are developed throughout the siphuncle ;
at the adapical extremity they fill all the space not occupied by the
canal system and perispatium but towards the adoral end of the
siphuncle they appear as thick discrete rings around the septal necks
and do not fill all the available space.
Description of paratype (No. O.S. 37:9, Queen Victoria
Museum, Launceston, Tasmania).—The paratype and only other
specimen known is a straight phragmocone with well-preserved siph-
uncle and adjacent parts of the camerae, from which the external
part ot the conch has been removed. It has been sectioned at an
angle of 15° to the lateral plane over most of its length but a small
portion at the adoral end has been ground in the dorso-ventral plane.
The specimen is 140 mm. long and has a siphuncle of diameter 13
mm. ‘The shape of the conch cross-section is dificult to determine,
22 BULLETIN 144 204.
but it is probable that the conch was flattened ventrally and that the
ventral surface of the siphuncle was situated 3 mm. from the
ventral shell surface. The number of camerae which occupy a
length equal to the siphuncular diameter varies between two at the
adapical end of the specimen and three at a point 100 mm. adorally
from it. This variation is, however, quite irregular.
In the apical half of the specimen cameral deposits completely
fill the camerae on the dorsal side of the siphuncle and leave only
small spaces on the ventral side of the siphuncle. A small space
around the connecting ring is free of organic cameral deposits.
In the adoral part of the conch both episeptal and hyposeptal deposits
are developed in all camerae but do not fill them. LEpiseptal and
hyposeptal deposits begin to develop simultaneously and develop at
equal rates until at maturity they fill equal volumes of the camerae.
In the lateral section the brims of the septal necks are up to
1.1 mm. wide. The connecting rings are adnate to both the anterior
and the posterior surfaces of the septa for a width of 2.0 mm.
Primary calcareous deposits fill the entire space in the siphuncle
except that occupied by the perispatium and canal system. In some
places these deposits are finely laminated with the lamellae centering
on the septal necks.
Comparisons.—Nybyoceras multicubiculatum is similar to Nybyo-
ceras paucicubiculatum from the same locality. “They may be readily
distinguished by the nature of the cameral deposits and the endosi-
phuncular canal system. In the case of Nybyoceras paucicubiculatum
the episeptal deposits are the first to develop. They almost reach
maturity before hyposeptal deposits first start to develop in the dorsal
part of the camerae. When maturity is reached the episeptal deposits
fill over two-thirds of the camerae and pronounced pseudosepta are
unknown. The episeptal and hyposeptal deposits of Nybyoceras
multicubiculatum start to develop simultaneously and at maturity fill
equal volumes of the camerae, leaving pronounced pseudosepta. Both
Nybyoceras multicubiculatum and Nybyoceras paucicubiculatum have
a single set of radial canals to each siphuncular segment. In the
latter the individual canals are typically unbranched, although bifur-
cation is sometimes observed, and are joined by a simple unbranched
sheet of siphuncular membrane. Nybyoceras multicubiculatum, on
205 TASMANIAN ORp. Sit. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 23
the other hand, shows radial canals with up to four branches, each
of which is joined by a complex system of siphuncular membranes.
Specimens from the Chinese province of Jehol, described as
Jeholoceras robustum by Kobayashi and Matumoto (1942) have a
somewhat similar structure. The genus Jeholoceras was described
by its authors as follows: “Orthoconic armenoceroid having a broad
marginal siphuncle and neck rings composed of vertical lamellae
which are protruded inward in different lengths.” The value of
these “lamellae” for generic diagnosis may be doubted, because similar
structures have been described in species belonging to other genera.
Such ‘lamellae’ are in fact the remnants of membranes connecting
the radial canals within one siphuncular segment as, e.g. those des-
cribed by Teichert (1933) in Cyrtonybyoceras haesitans (Billings).
If the canal system is complex and the radial canals branch, the
connecting membranes may be arranged more or less vertically in
the siphuncle. In the present state of our knowledge, it seems
inadvisable to regard the presence of vertical membranes as a feature
for generic distinction.
Occurrence.—Ordovician limestones at Railton, northern Tas-
mania.
Genus ORTHONYBYOCERAS Shimizu and Obata, 1935
In 1942, Flower established a genus Treptoceras for actino-
ceroids with fairly narrow siphuncles and siphuncular segments with
gradually decreasing diameters. As type species he designated “Ortho-
ceras duseri Miller,’ although the only species of that name was
established not by Miller, but by Hall and Whitfield (1875). Since
no bibliographic reference was given and the “type species” was not
further discussed in Flower’s paper, it appears that the genus T'repto-
ceras was proposed without a valid type species and that the name is,
therefore, a nomen nudum. Among the species which Flower proposed
tc include in his new genus was Ormoceras? covingtonense Foerste
and Teichert which, however, is the type species of Orthonybyoceras
established by Shimizu and Obata in 1935. It is not certain whethei
the diameter of the siphuncular segments decreases appreciably in
Ormoceras? covingtonense. Nevertheless, this species is probably a
member of the group for which Flower intended to use the name
Treptoceras and for the time being the name Orthonybyoceras may
24 BULLETIN 144 206
take its place because it was validly established, although on erroneous
precepts. Thus the scope of Orthonybyoceras is that of Treptoceras,
as defined by Flower (1942, pp. 55-56).
Orthonybyoceras tasmaniense Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 2, fig. 4
Description of holotype (No. 21146, Department of Geology,
University of ’asmania}.—The holotype is part of an orthoconic
phragmocone which is 27.1 mm. long. It is circular in cross-section
and expands in diameter from 10.9 mm. at the posterior end to 14.7
mm. at the anterior end. ‘The siphuncle is moderately large and is
situated ventral to the centre of the conch. Eight camerae occupy a
distance equal to the diameter of the conch and the siphuncle has
a diameter equal to the height of one and a half camerae. The septa
have a concavity equal to the height of one camera. ‘The sutures are
not well preserved but are probably straight and transverse. The
shell surface is smooth.
Cameral deposits occur'in all camerae. Between the dorsal side
and the siphuncle only episeptal deposits occur, extending: as a thin
layer along the surface of the septa from the shell wall two-thirds
of the distance towards the siphuncle. Between the siphuncle and. the
ventral side of the conch episeptal deposits almost completely fill
the camerae. Hyposeptal deposits may occur but only as a thin
layer.
The broadly nummuloidal siphuncle has a diameter of 1.9 mm.
at the posterior end of the specimen and is situated 5.3 mm. from the
dorsal wall of the shell. At the anterior end, its diameter has
increased to 3.0 mm. and its distance from the dorsal wall to 7.9 mm.
The connecting rings are evenly inflated. In a typical segment the
greatest diameter of the siphuncle is 2.85 mm., the height of the
segment is 1.065 mm. and the diameter of the septal foramen is 1.4
mm. Septal necks are short and bear brims averaging .2 mm. in
length which are recurved and flattened against the adapical surface
of the septa. “The connecting rings are adnate to the adoral surface
of the septa for a distance equal to the length of the brims. Recrystal-
lization has obscured much of the structure of the siphuncle but it
appears that endosiphuncular calcareous deposits are present, leaving
an endosiphuncular canal and simple radial canals which empty into
a large perispatium in each segment.
207 TASMANIAN ORp. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 25
Occurrence.—A single specimen is known from near the entrance
to the Junee Caves, Maydena, south central Tasmania; stratigraphi-
cally about 150 feet above the entrance to the caves.
Family ORMOCERATIDAE Saemann, 1853
Genus ORMOCERAS Stokes, 1838
The relationships between the genera Ormoceras and Sactoceras
have long been in doubt. The genus Ormoceras and its type species
Ormoceras bayfieldi Stokes were redescribed and discussed by Foerste
(1924). Sactoceras was established by Hyatt in 1884 with the type
species Orthoceras richtert Barrande. ‘This genus and its type species
were again discussed by Miller, Dunbar and Condra in 1933. On it,
Troedsson (1926) based a new family, Sactoceratidae, to include
Sactoceras, Ormoceras and similar genera, but Flower (1946) felt
doubtful about the distinction between the two genera. He was
inclined to regard Sactoceras as a synonym of Ormoceras but refrained
trom changing the name of the family pending further investigation.
Since the family Ormoceratidae had, however, been validly established
by Saemann in 1853 it is used here in the same sense as Sactoceratidae
Troedsson. Even if Sactoceras should prove to be different from
Ormoceras the family name based on the latter genus has priority.
From a study of the figures and descriptions of the type species
of the two genera it would appear that the only significant difference
between the two can be found in the width of the siphuncle relative
to the diameter of the conch. Both genera have straight conchs;
their septal necks are crytochoanitic and between 0.5 and 1 mm. long.
No lectotype of Sactoceras richteri has as yet been selected, but the
specimens figured by Barrande (1868) on plates 318, 322, 323, and
349 are all rather similar. The segments of the siphuncles have
proportions similar to that of Ormoceras bayfieldi with a ratio of
length to width approximating 3:4. Also the degree of constriction
of the siphuncle at the septal necks is similar in both species, and the
endosiphuncular deposits are of a very similar, rather simple type.
However, the width of the siphuncle in Ormoceras bayfieldi is one-
third the diameter of the conch, whereas in Sactoceras richteri it is
only between one-fifth and one-sixth. Considering the fact that the
relative width of the siphuncle in Actinoceratida is a somewhat vari-
able figure which may change considerably during the ontogeny of
26 BULLETIN 144 208
one specimen and differs in different species of most genera, not
much weight can be attached to this feature. Sactoceras is, therefore,
here regarded as a synonym of Ormoceras, the latter being expanded
to include Actinoceratida with comparatively narrow siphuncle and
with only moderately inflated siphuncular segments.
Another genus which must be considered in this connection is
Linormoceras ‘Kobayashi and Matumoto (1942). Ormoceras johns-
toni, to be described below, is somewhat similar to a species described
as Linormoceras centrale by Kobayashi and Matumoto in 1942.
These authors defined the new genus Linormoceras as follows:
“(rthoconic ormoceroid having a large subcentral siphuncle in which
the stereoplasmic deposits form connecting rings at first but later
endosipholinings.” It should be noted that in this diagnosis “‘con-
necting ring’ is apparently a typographical error for “neck ring”
which is used by the authors for the endosiphuncular deposit formed
in the vicinity of and more or less concentrically around the septal
neck. In the description of Linormoceras centrale it is stated that
“the endosiphuncular lining is the most significant characteristic of
this nautiloid. When the lining is made, the radial canal is discon-
nected from the endosiphuncle.” If we interpret the authors’ inten-
tions correctly, they seem to suppose that in the siphuncle of Linormo-
ceras centrale calcareous deposits at first form in the way which is
normal for actinoceroid siphuncles. ‘That is, they begin to grow just
inside the septal necks, enlarge gradually anteriorly, posteriorly and
towards the centre, until only the central canal, radial canals, and
perispatia are left free. Kobayashi and Matumoto apparently contend
that at some stage, when the radial canals were already well formed
but the central canal was still rather wide, the mode of deposition of
calcareous matter changed completely; the radial canals were sealed
off at their proximal ends by a calcareous lining which formed as a
continuous layer on the walls of the central canal, successive layers
being added at later stages.
From a study of Kobayashi and Matumoto’s illustration, as
well as from a study of numerous specimens of drmenoceras and
Ormoceras, we are inclined to doubt this interpretation. It is not
unusual for the endosiphuncular deposits in actinoceroids to show
lamellar structure. In well-preserved specimens the lamellae are
concentrically arranged around the septal necks. With increasing
209 TASMANIAN ORD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 27
distance from the septal necks they become less curved and on the
internal side of the deposits they are more or less parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the siphuncle. In wide siphuncles where there
is considerable centripetal growth of deposits from the septal necks
this longitudinal lamination may become quite prominent. An
instructive example is a specimen figured as Actinoceras richardsoni
magnum by Parks (1915, pl. 2, fig. 1) and refigured as 4rmenoceras
magnum by Foerste and Savage (1927, pl. 8, fig. 1). In this specimen
the siphuncular segments are 55 mm. wide, but only 8 to 9 mm. high.
The peripheral parts cf the segments are rapidly filled with calcareous
deposit and the latter can then only grow centipetally. The laminae
at this stage are arranged longitudinally in the direction of the axis
of the siphuncle. Except where they are pierced by radial canals they
may appear to be continuous from one segment to the next.
If Kobayashi and Matumoto’s interpretation of the structure
of Linormoceras were correct, it would indicate a fundamental dif-
ference in structure from ordinary Actinoceratida of much more than
generic rank. In all other genera of Actinoceratida the preservation
of the whole endosiphuncular canal system, consisting of central canal,
1adial canals and perispatia, is an essential part of their organization.
The sealing off of the radial canals and perispatia at some ontogeneti-
cal stage could indicate a fundamental change in physiological function
of the siphuncle. Such a change has never been indicated by inde-
pendent observation on other specimens and for the time being we
are inclined to regard Linormoceras as a synonym of Ormoceras.
Ormoceras johnstoni Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pele tie 8
Pls 2) feed
Description of holotype (No. O.S. 37:12, Queen Victoria
Museum, Launceston, Tasmania).—The holotype is the only known
specimen belonging to the species. It is part of a straight phragmocone
and is 100 mm. long. ‘The siphuncle and surrounding farts of the
camerae are well preserved, but much of the shell and the external
parts of the camerae are missing. At a point 105 mm. from its
posterior end, the conch has a lateral diameter of 35 mm. ‘The
dorso-ventral diameter is smaller, probably about 30 mm., due to a
pronounced ventral flattening. The conch enlarges laterally at an
angle of 3 degrees. The diameter of the siphuncle remains uniform
at I1 mm. throughout its length. One and a half camerae occupy
28 BULLETIN 144 210
a length equal to the diameter of the siphuncle and four and a half
camerae occupy a length equal to the lateral diameter. “The suture
was probably straight and transverse. “The maximum concavity of
the septa it 10 anm.
Epi-eptal and hyposeptal deposits fill about one quarter of the
volume of all camerae, the episeptal deposits showing the more exten-
sive development.
The ventral surface of the siphuncle is situated 5 mm. from the
ventral surface of the conch. At the septal necks, the siphuncle is
constricted to 5 mm. ‘The septal necks range in length from 1.0 mm.
at the posterior end of the specimen to 2 mm. at the anterior end.
The length of the brims varies between .7 mm. and 1.1 mm. They
are approximately parallel to the septa. On the ventral side of the
siphuncle the connecting rings are adnate to the adoral surface of the
septa ior 2.5 mm., but on the dorsal side this area of adnation
measures only 1 mm. Laterally the connecting rings are adnate to
the adoral surfaces of the septa for 1.5 mm. “The well-defined endosi-
phuncular canal has a diameter one-fifth that of the whole siphuncle.
A ring of radial canals is given off from the endosiphuncular canal in
each segment of the siphuncle. The radial canals meet the connecting
rings at about the mid-height of the segments. Bifurcation of the
radial canals occurs rarely, but most of them are straight and simple.
In eccentric sections the radial canals are seen to be joined by a
network of siphuncular membranes similar to those observed in the
‘Tasmanian species of Nybyoceras. Calcareous organic deposits fill
that part of the endosiphuncle not occupied by the canal system and
the perispatia. In rare cases these calcareous deposits are finely
laminated. “The lamellae are at first parallel to the radial canals and
then swing adapically to parallel the connecting rings. Thin dark
coloured lamellae regularly alternate with thicker light coloured
lamellae. Perispatia are narrow and extend from one septum to
the next. ‘They thicken considerably at either extremity. Laminated
perispatial deposits generally fill the perispatia.
Affinities —The relationships of Ormoceras johnstoni to Linor-
moceras centrale from China have already been discussed. A rather
similar form has been described as Ormoceras holmi from the Baltic
province by Troedsson (1926).
211 TASMANIAN Orb. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 29
Occurrence.—A single specimen is known from King Extended
Hill, Zeehan, western Tasmania.
Family MICHELINOCERATIDAE Flower, 1945
Genus ANASPYROCERAS Shimizu and Obata, 1935
Anaspyroceras shares richly in the confusion produced by Shimizu
and Obata. ‘The above mentioned authors founded the genus with
Orthoceras anellum Conrad, from the Beloit member of the Black
River formation, as type species. The siphuncle of this species is
unknown. It is possible that with further study dnaspyroceras may
prove a synonym of the imperfectly known genus Swhspyoceras.
Anaspyroceras is also related to Metaspyroceras and may grade into
this genus. Anaspyroceras, as defined by Flower (1943), includes
torms of the external aspect of Spyroceras with simple transverse
sutures and orthochoanitic siphuncles.
Anaspyroceras anzaas Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 3, figs. 1-4
Description of holotype (No. 1991, Department of Geology,
University of Melbourne, Victoria).—The holotype is a_ well-
preserved phragmocone 26.8 mm. in length. At the anterior extremity
of the specimen, the dorso-ventral diameter is 7.9 mm. and _ the
lateral diameter 5.8 mm.,.while the corresponding measurements at
the posterior end are 4.5,.mm. and 4.1 mm. ‘The conch is gently
cyrtoconic. The siphuncle is small and excentric, being situated slightly
nearer to the ventral (convex) surface of the conch than to the
dorsal surface.
Ornamentation consists of narrow longitudinal ridges, broad an-
nulations and transverse lirae. ‘The longitudinal ridges are undivided
but intercalations do occur. These intercalations begin as fine ill-
defined ridges but increase in size adorally so that within 10 mm.
they attain the average size of the other ridges. “Thus there are 26
ridges at the posterior end of the specimen and 33 at the anterior
end. The annulations are rather irregularly placed. “They are broad
and low and are parallel to the septa, so that at the posterior end of
the specimen they slope forwards from the ventral to the dorsal
surface and at the anterior end they slope backwards from the ventral
surface. The lirae run parallel to the annulations over the whole
surface of the conch.
The septa are shallowly and uniformly concave and as stated
30 BULLETIN 144 212
above the sutures run parallel to the transverse annulations and lirae.
The centre of the siphuncle is situated 2.0 mm. from the ventral
surface of the conch at the posterior end of the specimen and 3.3 mm.
from it at the anterior end.
The adapical five chambers of the holotype were sectioned in
the dorso-ventral mid-plane. The siphuncle is cylindrical and has a
diameter of .8 mm. ‘The septal necks are orthochoanitic and the
connecting rings expand little, if at all, between septal foramina.
Four siphuncular segments occupy a distance equal to the dorso-
ventral diameter.
Description of paratype (No. 1992, Department of Geology,
University of Melbourne, Victoria).—The paratype is part of a
phragmocone 27.3 mm. in length. It has been sectioned in the dorso-
ventral median plane. ‘The conch has been subjected to lateral pres-
sure, so that in many places the conch wall is damaged and _ the
lateral diameter is difficult to determine. At the anterior end of
the specimen, the dorso-ventral diameter is 8.5 mm., while at the
posterior end it is 5.8 mm. ‘The siphuncle is central and the conch
gently cyrtoconic. From six to seven camerae occcpy a distance equal
to the dorso-ventral diameter.
The septa are shallowly concave and at their outer extremities
reach the same height on either side of the siphuncle. Organic cameral
deposits are not present.
The siphuncle is cylindrical, and ranges in diameter from .8 mm.
at the anterior end of the specimen to .75 mm. at the posterior end.
The septa thicken considerably near the septal necks until at the
septal neck they reach a thickness of .5 mm., which is twice the
average thickness of the free part of the septa. “The connecting rings
expand little if at all between septal foramina. Immediately posterior
to the septal necks they become thicker and break into two branches,
one going either side of the septal neck. The connecting rings are
adnate only to the end two-thirds of the septal necks. Organic
siphuncular deposits are absent.
Additional material.—Three further specimens, each a_ small
phragmocone, were available for study.
The name is derived from the letters A.N.Z.A.A.S. which are
abbreviations for Australian and New Zealand Association for the
Advancement of Science. It is given to commemorate the Tasmanian
213 TASMANIAN ORbD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 31
meeting of the Association in 1949 when all the known specimens of
this species were collected.
Comparisons.—The slight curvature and irregular annulations dis-
tinguish the Tasmanian species from the more typical species assigned
to Anaspyroceras.
Occurrence.—Gordon limestone, Smelter’s (Quarry, Zeehan,
western Tasmania.
Anaspyroceras, sp. Piss figsseo.10
Description of hypotype (No. B850, Tasmanian Museum,
Hobart ).—This specimen is a well-preserved fragment of a phragmo-
cone, 12 mm. long. The diameter is 12.8 mm., the cross-section
circular, and the siphuncle small and almost central. “Three camerae
have a length equal to the diameter of the conch.
Ornamentation consists of annulations and fine longitudinal lirae.
The annulations are slightly oblique, sharp and narrow, and separated
from each other by areas which are almost flat. The sutures are
straight and parallel to the annulations.
The septal necks are short and orthochoanitic, the connecting
rings thin and tubular. The length of the septal necks is .5 mm.,
the diameter of the septal foramen, 1.0 mm., and the diameter of the
inside of the connecting ring at the mid-height of the camera, I.1 mm.
Comparisons.—A_ specimen closely allied to dAnaspyroceras, sp.
occurs in the limestone at Railton of Middle Ordovician age. ‘This
fact suggests that limestones of Ordovician, as well as Silurian age,
occur along the Gordon River. ‘The specimen described above is a
typical representative of dnaspyroceras. The widely spaced regular
annuli distinguish it, but the material does not permit closer com-
parisons.
Occurrence. — Gordon River, western “Tasmania; the exact
lecality is unknown.
Family PSEUDORTHOCERATIDAE Flower and Caster, 1935
In his monograph on the Pseudorthoceratidae, Flower (1939)
came to the conclusion that the affinities between this family and the
orthochoanitic annulosiphonate cephalopods were so strong that there
is probably not a good generic break between the two groups and the
position of the boundary might be questioned. For convenience in
definition and recognition he limited the Pseudorthoceratidae to
32 BULLETIN 144 214
cyrtochoanitic forms. It was pointed out that in the current state of
knowledge there was a sharp morphological break between the ortho-
choanitic Silurian forms and the cyrtochoanitic Lower Devonian
forms (the latter were at that time the earliest known members of the
Pseudorthoceratide). A stratigraphical break also occurred, but
Flower realized that with more extensive knowledge of the Upper
Silurian cephalopods, both this and the morphological gaps might
conceivably disappear.
The Tasmanian material makes an important contribution to
our knowledge cf this group. The present authors have come to the
conclusion that a new genus from the Middle Ordovician described
below as Mysterioceras australe is a primitive member of the Pseud-
orthoceratidae. The cameral deposits are of the mural and episeptal
variety, the septal necks cyrtochoanitic with narrow brims and the
siphuncular segments gently inflated. Siphuncular deposits are parietal,
eventually fusing to give a continuous lining to the siphuncle. These
siphuncular deposits are most unusual in that they originate immedi-
ately behind the septal necks and grow posteriorly to the preceding
septal neck. A link with the type of siphuncular deposits usually
observed in the Pseudorthoceratidae is found in a new genus from
the Middle Silurian described below as Stromotoceras eximium.
Stromatoceras is a true pseudorthoceratid having cameral deposits of
the mural variety, cyrtochoanitic septal necks, and a nummuloidal
siphuncle. The siphuncular deposits consist of a discontinuous
laminated outer layer and a continuous inner layer which probably
represents fused deposits of conchiolin. The outer calcareous layer
is Interesting in that it is a parietal deposit growing from the septal
neck both anteriorly and posteriorly. A new species described as
Ephippiorthoceras decorum and a new genus Gordonoceras bondi,
both from the Middle Silurian, show siphuncular deposits which
originate at the septal neck and grow anteriorly along the connecting
ring.
Vhe poorly known Stereoplasmoceratidae appear to possess strong
affinities with these primitive members of the Pseudorthoceratidae.
At least some species assigned to the Stereoplasmoceratidae by
Kobayashi (1936) are certainly primitive pseudorthoceratids, e. yg.
Stereoplasmoceras teicherti Kobayashi (1936). ‘The siphuncular
deposits of Mysterioceras australe join to produce a continuous lining
215 TASMANIAN ORpD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 33
to the connecting rings at an early stage and it is considered likely
by the present authors that further study will show that the siphuncu-
lar deposits of the Stereoplasmoceratidae are discontinuous in their
early stage of development and later fuse to give a continuous lining
as in the Pseudorthoceratidae. “The cameral deposits too may prove
te be fundamentally similar to the mural episeptal type.
The evidence presented above seems to indicate that rather than
developing from the Mlichelinoceratidae, the Pseudorthoceratidae
developed from some more primitive stock, possibly direct from the
Baltoceratidae. It also indicates that at our present state ot knowledge
the evidence supporting the retention of the Stereoplasmoceratidae as
a separate family is far from convincing.
Genus MYSTERIOCERAS Teichert and Glenister, n. gen.
Type spectes—Mysterioceras australe Teichert and Glenister,
n. sp.
Description—Orthoconic, slowly expanding conchs with circular
cross-sections and smooth surface. Sutures straight and transverse.
Siphuncle subcentral and moderately large. Cameral deposits of the
mural and episeptal type well developed. Connecting rings. gently
inflated, siphuncular segments higher than wide. Septal necks short
and cyrtochoanitic with very narrow brims. Siphuncular lining present ;
first develops along the connecting ring immediately posterior to
septal necks but extends along connecting ring posteriorly to preceding
septal neck and anteriorly along septal neck so that deposits of
adjacent segments fuse to give a continuous sheath lining the siphuncle.
Name is derived from the locality of the type species.
Affinities.
the genera included in the Pseudorthoceratidae (the holotype occurred
Although Mysterioceras is much older than any of
in the same block of limestone as a species of Jrocholitoceras) it
would seem that the genus must be included in this family. The
camer | deposits are predominantly of the mural type characteristic
of the Pseudorthoceratidae. The discontinuous linings of the
siphuncular segments which fuse to produce a continuous sheath are
also similar to those of the Pseudorthoceratidae, although in the latter
these deposits originate around the septal necks and extend adorally
whereas in Mysterioceras they first appear posterior to the septal necks
and extend both adorally and adapically.
34 BULLETIN 144 216
Mysterioceras australe Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 3, figs. 10-11;
text fig. 2A
Description of holotype (No. 20883a, Department of Geology,
University of Tasmania).—The holotype is part of a phragmocone
with circular cross-section. It is 51.5 mm. long and expands
uniformly from a diameter of 9.3 mm. at the posterior end to 12.1
mm. at the anterior end. The siphuncle is moderately large and
subcentral in position. Four camerae occupy a distance equal to the
diameter of the conch. “The concavity of the septa is equal to half
the height of the camerae. Sutures are straight and transverse. The
shell surface is smooth.
The specimen has been sectioned in the dorso-ventral mid-plane.
Cameral deposits are developed in all camerae; they are typical mural
deposits. At the posterior end of the specimen they occupy almost
half the camerae, but at the anterior end they form only a thin
film lining the shell wall and the septa adjacent to it.
At the posterior end of the specimen the siphuncle has a maxi-
mum diameter of 1.5 mm. and is situated 3.3 mm. from the ventral
surface and 4.5 mm. from the dorsal surface; 28 mm. adorally from
this point the siphuncular segment has a maximum diameter of 1.9
mm. and is situated 4.3 mm. from the ventral surface and 5.4 mm.
trom the dorsal surface, while the septal foramen constricts the
siphuncle to a diameter of 1.45 mm. Septal necks are short and
cyrtochoanitic but with such narrow brims that they sometimes appear
orthochoanitic. In the last mentioned segment the septal necks have
a length of .35 mm. and the brims a width of .o5 mm. Siphuncular
deposits are developed in all segments of the siphuncle. ‘They origin-
ated as discontinuous deposits in contact with the connecting ring
but in the posterior part of the specimen they fuse to give a continuous
lining to the siphuncle. This lining is fairly uniform in thickness
along the connecting ring but becomes much thinner at the septal
necks.
Description of paratype (No. 20883b, Department of Geology,
University of Tasmania).—The paratype is an orthoconic phragmo-
cone with circular cross-section and smooth shell. It is 21.7 mm. long
and expands from a diameter of 10.3 mm. at the posterior end te
11.2 mm. at the anterior end. A thin section has been made in the
dorso-ventral mid-plane.
237 TASMANIAN ORp. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: ‘TEICHERT & GLENISTER 35
Cc D
Fg. 2. Siphuncles of Tasmanian species of the Pseudorthoceratidae. A. Mys-
trrioceras australe, n. gen. n. sp., Middle Ordovician. Parietal deposits
originate at the septal neck and grow adapically. B. Stromatoceras eximium,
n. gen., n. sp., Middle Silurian. Siphuncular deposits consist of two distinct
components; the outer is discontinuous, growing from the septal neck both
adorally and adapically, the inner is continuous but is probably the product
ot the fusion of discrete pendant deposits. C. Gordonoceras bondi, n. gen.,
n. sp., Middle Silurian. Parietal deposits grow adorally from the septal
neck. D. Ephippiorthoceras decorum, n. sp., Middle Silurian. Parietal
deposits grow adorally from the septal necks.
36 BULLETIN 144 218
Cameral deposits of the mural type are present in all camerae.
On the dorsal side of the siphuncle they almost completely fill the
camerae but fill less than half the available space ventral to the
siphuncle. Mural deposits and episeptal deposits on the free part
ot the septa are strongly developed and are separated by a groove
which is directed towards the posterior-lateral corner of the camerae.
The whole deposit is continuous, the groove merely marking an area
of less vigorous secretion. As the development of the cameral deposits
proceeds they extend along the connecting ring and then along the
adapical surface of the septa, developing outwards from the siphuncle
until they almost meet the deposits forming along the wall of the
shell. Eventually only a small V-shaped circular groove running
around the camerae remains free from cameral deposits.
At the posterior end of the specimen the siphuncle has a maxi-
mum diameter of 1.85 mm. and is situated 3.75 mm. from the ventral
wall of the conch and 4.7 mm. from the dorsal wall, while at the
anterior end the siphuncle has a diameter of 2.0 mm. and is situated
4.15 mm. from the ventral wall and 5.1 mm. from the dorsal wall.
A typical segment has a height of 3.0 mm., has the connecting rings
inflated to a diameter of 1.85 mm. and is constricted at the septal
toramen to 1.15 mm. The septal necks are .2 mm. long. and the
brims .05 mm. wide. ‘The connecting rings are slightly more inflated
on the ventral than on the dorsal side. Siphuncular deposits are
present in all segments. “They first appear immediately behind the
septal necks and grow backwards to the preceding septal neck along
the connecting ring and to a smaller extent forward along the septal
neck. Eventually the deposits from adjacent segments fuse to give
a continuous lining of the siphuncle. It is thinnest in the vicinity of
the septal necks.
Occurrence-—Common in Ordovician limestones at Mystery
Creek Caves, Ida Bay, southeastern “Tasmania.
Genus STROMATOCERAS Teichert and Glenister, n. gen.
Type species —Stromatoceras eximium ‘Teichert and Glenister,
nh. Sp.
Description. — Slowly expanding cyrtocones with circular to
slightly depressed cross-section. Sutures consist of a pair of lateral
saddles separated by a dorsal and a ventral lobe. Siphuncle num-
muloidal and situated about halfway between centre of conch and
219 TASMANIAN ORD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 37
convex surface of coiling. rnamentation consists of regular longi-
tudinal ribs and irregular transverse annuli. Cameral deposits of
mural type well developed. Siphuncular deposits consist of two
distinct components; on the outside is a calcareous laminated parietal
deposit which is discontinuous and grows from the septal neck along
the connecting ring both anteriorally and posteriorally; inside this is
a continuous layer which is probably the result of fusion of discontinu-
ous pendant deposits of conchiolin.
Name derived from Greek word meaning layer, an allusion to
the laminated structure of the siphuncular deposits.
Affinities —Because of the differentiation of its siphuncular
deposits into two layers Stromatoceras must be placed amongst the
Cayutoceratinae. All other genera at present placed in this sub-
family are orthoconic and show no pronounced ornamentation.
Stromatoceras eximium Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl..5, figs. 1-3;
text fig. 2B
1888. Orthoceras, sp. indet., Johnston, Geology of Tasmania, pl. 4, fig. 1.
Description of holotype (No. B774, Tasmanian Museum, Ho-
bart).—The holotype is a well-preserved phragmocone, the posterior
third of which has been sectioned in the dorso-ventral mid-plane. It
is-a slightly depressed cyrtocone 126 mm. long. At the posterior end
of the specimen the dorso-ventral diameter is 25.0 mm. and the laterai
diameter is 25.3 while 79 mm. adorally from the posterior end of
the specimen the dorso-ventral diameter has increased to 33.2 mm.
and the lateral diameter to 33.5 mm.
Ornamentation consists of regular longitudinal ribs and irregular
transverse annuli. The longitudinal ribs are continuous for the whole
length of the specimen; approximately 75 are present. “The transverse
annuli are ill-defined and irregular, being more prominent at the
anterior end of the specimen than at the posterior end.
Five and a half camerae together have a height equal to the
dorso-ventral diameter of the conch. The septa have a concavity
equal to half the height of a camera. A pair of shallow rounded
saddles occur on the flanks and are separated by a sharper lobe across
the dorsum and the venter. “The siphuncle is moderately large and
nummuloidal and is situated halfway between the centre of the conch
and the convex surface of curvature. Where the dorso-ventral
38 BULLETIN 144 220
diameter of the conch is 28.9 mm. the siphuncle has a maximum
diameter of 5.1 mm. and is situated 5.1 mm. from the convex surface
of the conch.
Cameral deposits are present in all camerae but are to a large
extent recrystallized so that their structure cannot be interpreted with
any certainty. In one camera near the posterior end of the specimen
the cameral deposits are well preserved, and there they appear as
mural deposits filling half of the camera.
Septal necks are cyrtochoanitic and bear brims of length about
half that of the septal necks. ‘The connecting rings inflate rapidly to
their maximum diameter just posterior to the septal necks and then
taper gently to the preceding septal foramen. “The connecting rings
are adnate only to the septal necks. In a typical segment whose
height is 4.8 mm. the connecting rings have a maximum inflated
diameter of 5.1 mm. and are constricted at the septal neck to 2.3
mm. ‘The septal necks have a length of .55 mm. and bear brims of
width .3 mm.
The siphuncular deposits consist of two separate components.
On the outside are calcareous laminated parietal deposits which are
discontinuous and grow from the septal neck along the connecting
ring both adorally and adapically. They are much thicker on the
convex side of the siphuncle than on the concave. On the convex
side these parietal deposits can be clearly seen extending from the
septal neck almost two-thirds of the distance to the succeeding septal
foramen and about one-third the distance to the preceding septal
foramen. ‘They are thin at the septal neck and posterior to it, expand
rapidly to their maximum thickness just anterior to the septal neck,
and then taper uniformly to their anterior extremity. In no case do
the deposits from adjacent septal necks join. On the inside of these
parietal deposits is a thicker continuous lining which occupies most
of the siphuncle, leaving only a thin central tube free from primary
deposits. It is probable that this layer originated by fusion of pendant
deposits consisting of conchiolin.
Occurrence.—One specimen only is known. It comes from the
Gordon River, western Tasmania. The exact locality is unknown.
Probably collected from the Gordon limestone and of Lower or
Middle Silurian age.
221 TASMANIAN ORp. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 39
Genus GORDONOCERAS Teichert and Glenister, n. gen.
Type species—Gordonoceras bondi Teichert and Glenister, n.
7)
ao)
Description Moderately large gently cyrtoconic conchs with
circular cross-section and no conspicuous ornamentation. Sutures
straight and transverse, camerae high and septa shallowly concave.
Siphuncle small, almost tubular, and situated about halfway between
the centre of the conch and the convex shell wall. Cameral deposits
of the mural type and showing greatest development on concave side.
Septal necks cyrtochoanitic with narrow brims. Siphuncular deposits of
the Michelinoceras type as described by Flower (1939, p. 88).
The name is derived from the locality of the type species.
Affinities —Gordonoceras belongs to the Dolorthoceratinae of
Flower. The only comparable genus is Sceptrites from which it
differs in having a more excentric and more nearly tubular siphuncle.
Siphuncular deposits are unknown in Sceptrites and cameral deposits
are not widely developed.
Gordonoceras bondi Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 4, figs. 1-3,
text fig. 2C
1888. Orthoceras, sp. indet., Johnston, Geology of Tasmania, pl. 4, fig. 8.
Description of holotype (No. B805, Tasmanian Museum, Ho-
bart).—The holotype is a silicified specimen the posterior third of
which has been sectioned in the dorso-ventral mid-plane. It is a
gently cyrtoconic, slowly tapering phragmocone, 81.5 mm. long, with
circular cross-section and excentrically situated siphuncle. At the
posterior end of the specimen the lateral diameter is 14.8 mm. and
the dorso-ventral diameter 14.9 mm. while at the anterior end both
diameters measure 22.7 mm. No ornamentation is visible.
The sutures are straight and transverse and the septa have a
concavity equal to half the height of the camerae. Four camerae
together have a height equal to the diameter of the conch. ‘The
siphuncle is almost tubular and has a maximum diameter equal to
one-seventh the conch diameter. It is situated about halfway between
the central axis of the conch and the convex shell wall. Where the
conch diameter is 16.1 mm., the siphuncle has a maximum diameter
of 2.1 mm. and is situated 3.6 mm. from the shell wall.
Cameral deposits are present in all camerae and are most
40 BULLETIN 144 222
strongly developed on the concave side of the conch. They are
typical mural deposits showing their most extensive development
against the shell wall and the adoral surface of the septa. In the
absence of more reliable information, the concentration of camerai
deposits on the concave side seems to suggest endogastric curvature.
The septal necks are cyrtochoanitic with narrow brims. The
connecting rings expand.to their maximum diameter close to the
septal foramina and then taper gently to the preceding septal foramina.
Siphuncular segments have a_ height equalling about twice their
greatest width. A typical segment whose height equals 4.4 mm. is
constricted to 1.3 mm. at the septal foramen. ‘The septal neck is
.3 mm. long and bears a brim of width, .1 mm. ‘The connecting
rings have a maximum diameter of 2.2 mm. and are adnate only to
the septal necks. Siphuncular deposits are developed equally on both
sides of the siphuncle. They originate as thin rings around the
septal necks, thicken adorally to their mid-height and then taper to
their anterior extremity. In the segment where they show maximum
development these deposits extend only halfway to the succeeding
septal -fordmen.
This species is named in honor of Mr. E. Bond, the Hermit
of the Valley of the Rasselas, prospector, philosopher, guide, and
friend to those who stray from the beaten track.
Occurrence.—A_ single specimen is known from the Gordon
River, western Tasmania. “The exact locality is unknown. Probably
from the Gordon limestone and of Lower or Middle Silurian age.
*
Genus EPHIPPIORTHOCERAS Foerste, 1925
Ephippiorthoceras decorum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 3, figs. 7-9;
Pl. 4, fig. 9; text fig. 2D
1888. Orthoceras, sp. indet., Johnston, Geology of Tasmania, pl. 4, fig. 9.
Description of holotype (No. B804, Tasmanian Museum, Ho-
bart).—The holotype is portion of an orthoconic phragmocone
measuring 44.9 mm. in length. It is compressed laterally. At the
posterior end of the specimen the lateral diameter is 21.8 mm. and
the dorso-ventral diameter 24.5 mm., while at the anterior end the
lateral and dorso-ventral diameters have increased to 25.6 mm. and
31.2 mm., respectively. The shell is missing and the surface of the
cast covered with complex concentric colloform replacement patterns
(it is partially silicified) so that no ornamentation is present. Four
223 TASMANIAN ORD. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 41
camerae together have a height equal to the dorso-ventral diameter.
The siphuncle is moderately large, nummuloidal, depressed in cross-
section and situated about halfway between the central axis of the
conch and the venter. In the posterior camera it has a maximum
diameter of 4.8 mm. and is situated 1.9 mm. from the ventral surface
of the conch, whereas in the anterior camera the maximum diameter
is 5.1 mm., and it is situated 3.2 mm. from the venter.
The sutures show two broad shallow lateral lobes separated by
a pair of sharper dorsal and ventral saddles. “The septa have a
concavity equal to the height of one camera.
Cameral deposits are present in all camerae. “They are typical
episeptal and mural deposits, developing along the adoral surface
of the septa, along the shell wall, and to a smaller extent along the
adapical surface of the septa adjacent to the shell wall. Ventral to
the siphuncle these deposits fill the camerae except for a small ring
bounded by part of the adapical surface of the septa and part of the
connecting ring. Dorsal to the siphuncle they fill about half of the
camerae. ‘There are two centres of vigorous growth, one on the
shell wall and the other on the adoral surface of the septa close to
the siphuncle.
Septal necks are short and cyrtochoanitic. “The connecting rings
inflate quickly posterior to each septal foramen and then taper to
the preceding septal foramen. In a typical siphuncular segment the
septal necks are .4 mm. long and bear brims of width .2 mm., the
septal foramen has a dorso-ventral diameter of 2.1 mm. and_ the
maximum dorso-ventral diameter of the segment is 5.1 mm. ‘The
connecting rings are adnate only to the septal necks.
Organic deposits are present in the siphuncle. They originate at
the septal necks and extend adorally as thin tubular linings to the
connecting ring. In the most mature segment the deposits extend only
halfway to the succeeding septal foramen. ‘The siphuncular deposits
are thin at the septal neck, thicken to about their mid-height and then
taper again adorally. “They are developed to a similar extent all
around the siphuncle.
Comparisons.—TVhe Tasmanian species is a typical Ephippiortho-
ceras in respect to its suture and the shape of the siphuncular seg-
ments. It differs from all other described species in having a sub-
marginal siphuncle. “The cameral and siphuncular deposits of the
42 BULLETIN 144 224
genus are not well known. Flower and Kummel (1950) placed it
in the Stereoplasmoceratidae, but the “Tasmanian species without
doubt belongs in the Pseudorthoceratidae. Ephippiorthoceras formo-
sum the type species of Ephippiorthoceras occurs in the Richmond
but related forms have been recorded from the Black River and
Trenton, and one species, E. ekwanense Foerste and Savage (1927),
is known from the Middle Silurian Attawapiskat limestone of the
Hudson Bay area in Canada.
Occurrence.— The ‘Tasmanian species is known by a single
specimen coming from the Gordon River, western Tasmania. ‘The
exact locality is unknown. Probably from the Gordon limestone
and of Lower or Middle Silurian age.
Family ONCOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1884
Genus BELOITOCERAS Foerste, 1933
Beloitoceras kirtoni Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 4, figs. 6-8, 10
Description of holotype (No. 1990, Department of Geology,
University of Melbourne).—The holotype is a well-preserved slightly
cyrtoconic phragmocone 70 mm. long. Most of the conch wall is
missing. The posterior four camerae have been sectioned in the
dorso-ventral mid-plane. At the posterior end of the specimen the
dorso-ventral and lateral diameters are 24.8 mm. and 21 mm.,
respectively, while the diameter of the siphuncle is 2.6 mm., its ventral
margin being separated from the conch wall by .6 mm.; 30 mm.
adorally {rom the posterior end of the specimen, the dorso-ventral and
lateral diameters have increased to 32 mm. and 27.2 mm., while the
siphuncle has a diameter of 3.9 mm. and appears to be in contact
with the wall of the conch at points where its connecting ring 1s
inflated. In transverse section the conch is compressed and oval, the
venter being slightly more sharply rounded than the dorsum. ‘Twelve
camerae occupy a distance equal to the dorso-ventral diameter. At
the posterior end of the conch the diameter of the siphuncle is
one-tenth that of the dorso-ventral section. “The sutures form shallow
saddles on both the dorsum and venter with intervening lateral lobes
along the flanks. The maximum concavity of the septa lies in the
centre of the conch and averages .o7 of the dorso-ventral diameter.
The outer wall of the conch is poorly preserved but apears to
have been smooth except for a few fine growth lines whose courses
225 TASMANIAN ORp. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 43
can not be traced. ‘The internal mould shows well-developed longi-
tudinal costae indicating that the internal surface of the shell was
strongly ribbed. The ribs across the dorsum and venter are irregularly
spaced and indistinct, but the flanks exhibit distinct and evenly spaced
ornamentation. Along the flanks, where the dorso-ventral diameter
is 30 mm. there are 12 costae in a distance of 28 mm. Five or six
fine longitudinal striations are sometimes observed between adjacent
costae.
The connecting rings are moderately and uniformly inflated
between septal foramina. At the posterior end of the specimen, the
septal necks constrict the siphuncle from its maxinum diameter of
2.6 mm. to 1.6 mm. ‘The septal necks appear to be about .3 mm.
in length and are flattened against the adapical surface of the septa.
Septal brims average .3 mm. in width. On the dorsal side of the
siphuncle, the connecting rings are adnate only to the septal neck
edorally but adapically they are adnate along the brim and lower
surface of the septum for a distance of .g mm. On the ventral side
of the siphuncle the area of adnation measures .g mm. adorally and
the connecting ring is attached to the whole width of the brim
adapically. The connecting rings are conspicuously thickened, especial-
ly in the vicinity of the septa where they may attain a thickness of .3
mm. ‘The camerae and siphuncle are free from calcareous organic
deposits.
Comparisons.—Although only the phragmocone is known, the
Tasmanian species is sufficiently similar to Beloitoceras pandion
(Hall) the type species of Beloitoceras to leave little doubt concerning
its proper placement.
This species is named in honour of Mr. C. Kirton who collected
the type material.
Occurrence.—In limestones of Ordovician age from the Fiux
Quarries of the Mt. Lyell Mine, Queenstown, western ‘Tasmania.
Family DISCOSORIDAE Teichert, 1931
Genus HECATOCERAS Teichert and Glenister, 1952
Hecatoceras longinquum Teichert and Glenister, 1952 Jed (Haake alle
text fig. 3B
1952. Hecatoceras longinquum ‘eichert and Glenister, Jour. Paleont.,
vol. 26, No. 5, p. 740, pl. 104, fig. 10, pl. 105, fig. 7.
44 BULLETIN 144 226
Fig. 3. Siphuncles of species of Hecatoceras, 7. A. Dorso-ventral cross-
section of the siphuncle of Hecatoceras obliquum Teichert and
Glenister, n. sp. drawn from a photograph of paratype, No. 2001.
B. Dorso-ventral cross-section of the siphuncle of Hecatoccras
longinquum Teichert and Glenister, drawn from a _ photograph of
hypotype, No. 1999.
Description of hypotype (No. 1998, Department of Geology,
University of Melbourne).—This hypotype is a straight or weakly
curved siphuncle consisting of four segments which together are 11.7
mm. long. “Phe lateral diameter of the posterior segment is 5.9 mm.,
the dorso-ventral diameter, 5.2 mm., while the corresponding measure-
ments for the anterior segment are 6.1 mm. and 5.6 mm. ‘The
smaller dorso-ventral diameters are due to a pronounced flattening on
one side of the siphuncle, probably the ventral (this would correspond
to the concave side of the type species, see Teichert and Glenister,
1952). [he segments of the siphuncle slope backwards from the
ventral towards the dorsal side at an angle of 83° with the axis of the
siphuncle. “Two siphuncular segments occupy a length equal to the
dorso-ventral diameter of the siphuncle.
The septa sloped much more steeply on the ventral side than on
the dorsal, indicating that the siphuncle was situated close to the
ventral side of the conch. ‘This conclusion is further verified by the
tact that the septal foramina lie closer to the ventral than the dorsal
227 TASMANIAN Orb. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 45
side of the siphuncle. Siphuncular annulations are prominent, the
siphuncle being constricted to a diameter of 2.5 mm. at the neck of
the posterior septum. A deep narrow groove traverses the siphuncular
annulations on the mid-ventral surface. It is proposed that this
morphological feature should be termed the “segmental furrow.’ The
furrows in the successive segments are in longitudinal alignment. <A
much shallower segmental furrow occurs on the mid-dorsal side of the
siphuncular segments. The surfaces of the segments are otherwise
smooth.
Description of hypotype (No. 1999, Department of Geology,
University of Melbourne).—This hypotype consists of three siphuncu-
lar segments which have been sectioned in the dorso-ventral mid-plane.
It is 7.6 mm. long and ranges in dorso-ventral diameter from 4.6 mm.
in the posterior segment to 4.9 mm. in the anterior segment. ‘The
venter is flattened and traversed by a segmental furrow.
The siphuncle is constricted to a diameter of 1.7 mm. at the
septal neck. On the dorsal side the septal necks are uniformly curved
through an angle of 205°. They are .g mm. long and bear brims of
width .g mm. ‘The area of adnation measures 1.4 mm. on both the
dorsal and ventral sides. On the ventral side the necks are slightly
shorter while the brims have a width equalling only half the length
of the septal neck.
Recrystallization has obscured much of the finer internal structure
so that no sharp surface of delineation exists between the outer
laminated endosiphuncular lining and the more massive layer on the
inside of it. A thick irregular endosiphuncular canal occupies the
centre of the siphuncle. From it a set of radial canals is given off
in each segment. These radial canals are unbranched. They terminate
against the inner edge of the endosiphuncular lining just behind the
septal necks.
Comparisons.—Hypotype, No. 1999, of Hecatoceras longinquum
shows siphuncular structures strikingly similar to those of a paratype
of Endodiscosorus (Endostokesoceras) eifliensis illustrated by Schinde-
wolf (1942, Abb. 7, p. 515). “The Tasmanian specimen is a fragment
coming from the posterior part of the siphuncle, adapically from the
area where endocones occur. Recrystallized endocones are, however,
present in the holotype of Hecatoceras longinquum (Teichert and
Glenister, 1952). Hecatoceras longinquum is distinct frem all other
46 BULLETIN 144 228
described discosoroids in having a deep regular segmental furrow.
Occurrence.—Ordovician limestone at Smelter’s Quarry, Zeehan,
western ‘asmania.
Hecatoceras obliquum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 6, figs. 5-10,
text fig. 3A
Description of holotype (No. 2000, Department of Geology,
University of Melbourne).—The holotype is a straight or weakly
curved portion of a siphuncle, consisting of three segments which
together are 12.3 mm. long. ‘The siphuncle has a lateral diameter of
5.6 mm. and a dorso-ventral diameter of 4.7 mm. It is flattened across
the venter. The siphuncular segments slope backwards from the
ventral side to the dersal side at an angle of 65° with the axis of
the siphuncle. One and a half segments occupy a distance equal to
the lateral diameter of the siphuncle.
Ventrally the septa sloped much more steeply than on the dorsal
side indicating that the siphuncle was situated close to the ventral side
of the conch. The septal foramina lie close to the ventral side of the
siphuncle. On the ventral surface, the septal necks are long and
uniformly curved through approximately 170°. Dorsally the septal
necks are larger and recurved through about 210°. ‘The siphuncle
is constricted to a diameter of 2.7 mm. at the septal neck. A seg-
mental furrow occurs on the ventral surface but is not well preserved.
The surfaces of the segments are roughened by weathering of the
granular matrix.
Description of paratype (No. 2001, Department of Geology,
University of Melbourne).—The paratype is the only other known
specimen belonging to this species. It consists of two siphuncular
segments, is 7.4 mm. long, has a lateral diameter of 5.8 mm. and a
dorso-ventral diameter of 5.2 mm. ‘The specimen has been sectioned
in the dorso-ventral mid-plane. The siphuncle is constricted to a
diameter of 2.7 mm. at the septal foramina.
On the dorsal side the septal necks are uniformly curved through
an angle of 210°; the necks have a length of 1.4 mm. and the brims
a width of 1.2 mm. ‘The septal necks on the ventral side are 1.2 mm.
long, the brims only half this length; the septal necks are bent through
150°. The area of adnation measures 1.2 mm. on the dorsal side
and 2.5 mm. on the ventral.
The endosiphuncular lining completely lines the siphuncle. It
229 TASMANIAN Orb. SIL. CEPHALOPODS: TTEICHERT & GLENISTER 47
is thickest on the ventral side. Partial recrystallizaticn has not
cbliterated the fine laminated structure of this deposit. On the inside
of the endosiphuncular lining lies a massive organic deposit penetrated
by the radial canals. A large irregular endosiphuncular canal is
present and from it branch simple radial canals in each segment of
the siphuncle. These radial canals traverse the massive endosiphuncu-
lar deposit but end at the inside of the endosiphuncular lining.
Comparisons.—Hecatoceras obliquum differs from Hecatoceras
longinquum in having a more highly nummulodial siphuncle with
longer, more oblique segments.
Occurrence.—In limestones of Ordovician age from the Smelter’s
Quarry, Zeehan, western ‘Tasmania.
Family TROCHOLITIDAE Chapman, 1857
Genus TROCHOLITOCERAS Hyatt, 1894
Trocholitoceras idaense Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 5, figs. 4-6
Description of holotype (No. 20883, Department of Geology,
University of Tasmania).—The holotye is one-half of the phragmo-
cone of a well-preserved discoidal tarphycone with a diameter of 49.5
mm. It consists of three and a half whorls, all of which are impressed
dorsally and in contact with the preceding whorl. It 1s impossible
to tell from the specimen whether the umbilicus was perforate or
imperforate. [he whorls are subrectangular in cross-section. Thev
are flatly depressed in the earlier whorls, increasing in height in later
whorls so that in the last whorl the height is almost as great as
the width. In the last whorl where the width is 16.8 mm., the
height is 13.7 mm. and the whorl is impressed dorsally to a depth of
1.2 mm. whereas in the first whorls where the width is 7.7 mm. the
height is 4.9 mm. and the whorl is impressed dorsally to a depth of
.g mm. The siphuncle is small and almost in contact with the
dorsal wall.
The shell is retained in several places. Strong ribs originate at
the umbilical seam. They are directed radially for a short distance
across the flanks but swing backwards to form a deep rounded sinus
across the venter.
The sutures are simply undulating. A broad lobe occurs across
the dorsum followed by a low saddle near the umbilical seam, a
48 BULLETIN 144 230
shallow lobe across the flanks and a low rounded saddle across the
venter.
The septa! necks are short and orthochoanitic, the connecting
rings thin and the siphuncle tubular. Neither cameral nor siphuncular
deposits have been observed.
Comparisons.—This species has affinities with both T'rocholito-
ceras and Discoceras. At maturity typical Discoceras species have a
trapezoidal or quadrangular whorl cross-section with flattened venter
and flanks, whereas the flanks and venter of Trocholitoceras are
uniformly rounded. The Tasmanian species is somewhat flattened
across the flanks and venter. The sutures of Discoceras are charac-
terized by ventral, lateral and dorsal lobes and ventro-lateral and
dorso-lateral saddles whereas those of VT rocholitoceras are directly
transverse and nearly straight except on the dorsal side of the conch
where they form shallow lobes. “The Tasmanian species is intermedi-
ate having dorsal and lateral lobes and ventral and_ dorso-lateral
saddles.
Occurrence.—Ordovician limestone, Mystery Creek Caves, Ida
Bay, southeastern Tasmania.
Family BARRANDEOCERATIDAE Foerste, 1925
Genus GASCONSOCERAS Foerste, 1936
The genus Gasconsoceras was established by Foerste for conchs
presenting the general aspect of a trochoceroid, but with the line of
contact between the dorsal side of the living chamber and the pre-
ceding volution lying along the medium part of this chamber. The
conch enlarges rapidly and so has few whorls. Strong transverse
ribs are present and form a deep lobe across the venter.
Foerste did not assign this genus to a family, but Flower and
Kummel (1950) listed it as a member of the Barrandeoceratidae. In
view of the considerable difference in conch shape between Gasconso-
ceras and typical genera of this family, this assignment seems to be in
need of verification. However, the Australian material affords no
basis for a discussion of the affinities of the genus.
Gasconsoceras insperatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. Pl. 6, figs. 1-4
1888. Phragmoceras, sp. indet., Johnston, Geology of Tasmania, pl. 4,
oer, AI, oh
Description of holotype (No. B775, Tasmanian Museum, Ho-
231 TASMANIAN Orb. SIL, CEPHALOPODS: TEICHERT & GLENISTER 49
bart).—The holotype and only known specimen belonging to this
species is a rapidly expanding, depressed gyrocone consisting of one
and a half whorls. The outer half whorl, presumably the body
chamber, is almost straight and diverges rapidly from the preceding
volution. The whorls do not appear to be in contact. They are
almost flat across the dorsum, the flanks are sharply rounded and
the venter uniformly convex. The dorso-ventral diameter increases
trom 9 mm. to 26 mm. in a distance of 181 mm., measured along the
venter, and the lateral diameter increases from 8 mm. to 40 mm.
in the same distance. The whorl cross-section becomes strongly
depressed and the dorsum flattened only in the straight portion of
the shell.
The preservation is such that although the shell wall is well
preserved, no trace of septa or siphuncle is discernible.
Irregularly spaced coarse ribs cover the adoral half whorl, but
the shell of the inner whorl is smooth. ‘The ribs are transverse
across the dorsum and flanks but bend backwards sharply across
the venter to form a deep lobe. “Twelve ribs are present in a distance
of 40 mm. in the straight portion of the conch. Numerous fine
growth lines follow the same contours as the ribs indicating successive
stages of a deep hyponomic sinus.
Comparisons.—In its observable features the Tasmanian specimen
resembles the species of Gasconsoceras described by Foerste (1936)
from the Middle Silurian of Gaspé Peninsula. “The most closely
comparable features are the mode of coiling, the rapid expansion of
the conch and the deep sinus reflected in the strong ribs across the
venter. ‘The depressed cross-section, dorsal flattening, and absence
of ornamentation in the earlier part of the conch distinguish the
Tasmanian species from all those previously described.
Occurrence.-—Gordon River, western “Tasmania. The exact
locality is unknown. Probably collected from the Gordon limestone
and of Lower or Middle Silurian age.
50 at BULLETIN 144 i 232
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54 BULLETIN 144 236
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PEAHES
PLATE aGi4)
56 BULLETIN 144 238
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 (14)
Figure Page
1, 2. Manchuroceras’ Steanei’ Teichert)\(903...-200-0 40 52s eee 13
Ordovician, Adamsfield, south central Tasmania. Hypotype, No.
20514. 1, lateral X1; 2, dorso-anterior Xr.
3-5. Allocotoceras insigne Teichert and Glenister, n. gen., n. sp. .... 16
Ordovician, Adamsfield, south central Tasmania. Holotype, No.
21181, <r. 3, anterior; 4, ventral: 5, lateral:
6, 7. Nybyoceras paucicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. .. 18
Ordovician, Railton, northern Tasmania. 6, hypotype, No. O. S.
37:11. Lateral section through centre of siphuncle X1. 7, holo-
type, No. O.S. 37:10. Off centre, dorso-ventral section through
siphuncle Xt.
8. Ormoceras johnstoni Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. .......... 27
Ordovician, Zeehan, northern Tasmania. Holotype, No. O.S. 37:12.
Dorso-ventral cross-section through centre of siphuncle x1. See
also. Pll 25 figs 5:
9. Nybyoceras paucicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ... 18
Ordovician, Railton, northern Tasmania. Holotype, No. O.S. 37: 10.
Section of siphuncle in dorso-ventral mid-plane 3/4.
No. 144, Pu. 1
BULL. AMER. PALEONT.
?
)
eo 1+, VOL. :
5
~S
me.
.*
Reeve syed .« 9 PuAmEr 235645)
‘ 7 f .
a vi f- :
i fee j
ea aH ‘ ,
¥ ae ~- i
58 BULLETIN 144 240
te
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2 (15)
Figure Page
1-3. .Nybyoceras multicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. .... 20
Ordovician, Railton, northern Tasmania. 1, holotype, No. O.S.
37:13. Section in dorso-ventral mid-plane X1. 2-3, paratype,
No. O.S. 37:9.2, section in lateral plane through centre ot
siphuncle 2; 3, off centre cross-section X1.
4. Orthonybyoceras tasmaniense Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. .. 24
Ordovician, Maydenna, south central Tasmania. Holotype, No.
21146. Dorso-ventral section in mid-plane X2.
5. Ormoceras johnstoni Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ............ PALL
Ordovician, Zeehan, northern Tasmania. Holotype, No. O.S. 37:12
Eccentric dorso-ventral cross-section X1. See also Pl. 1, fig. 8.
»
No. 144, Pu.
AMER. PALEONT.
J3iE IDI
Pu. 15, VoL. 34
ae
on
PERE;
a
i
V/
a
a oly,
ey
60
BULLETIN 144
*
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3
(16)
Figure Page
1-4. Anaspyroceras anzaas Teichert and Glenister, n sp. ........ 29
Ordovician, Zeehan, western Tasmania. 1-3, holotype, No. 1991,
31/25 1, latenalis’ 2) ventral: 93, (dorsal) 4, paratype, No:
1992, dorso-ventral mid-section X2.
5,6; “Anaspyroceras, SPs) h.tiic. cc. dees oneoiemron einer e eae eee 31
Ordovician?, Gordon River, western Tasmania. Hypotype,
No. B8s5o0. 5, lateral X1; 6, dorso-ventral x2.
7-9. Ephippiorthoceras decorum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. . 40
Silurian, Gordon River, western Tasmania. Holotype, No.
Bgo04. 7, dorsal X1; 8, lateral X1; 9, anterior X1. See
also Pl. 4, fig. 9.
10, 11. Mysterioceras australe Teichert and Glenister, n. gen., n. sp. .. 34
Ordovician, Ida Bay, southeastern ‘Tasmania. 10, holotype,
No. 20883a. Dorso-ventral cross-section X2.
No. 20883b.
*
II, paratype,
Dorso-ventral cross-section X 4.
»
me)
No. 144, Pu. :
PALEONT.
AMER.
ULL.
B
t
)
)
Pr. 16, VOL. <
=.
62 BULLETIN 144 244
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4 (17)
Figure Page
1-3. Gordonoceras bondi, Teichert and Glenister, n. gen., n. sp. . 39
Silurian, Gordon River, western Tasmania. Holotype, No. B8os.
1, lateral X1; 2, ventral X1; 3, dorso-ventral cross-section X2.
4,5. Tasmanoceras zeehanense Teichert and Glenister .............. 16
Ordovician, Gordon River, western Tasmania. Paratype, No.
B845, X1. 4, lateral; 5, dorsal.
6-8. Beloitoceras kirtoni Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ............ 42
Ordovician, Queenstown, western Tasmania. Holotype, No. 1990,
X1. 6, dorsal; 7, lateral; 8, posterior.
9. Ephippiorthoceras decorum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ...... 40
Silurian, Gordon River, western Tasmania . Holotype, No. B8o4.
Dorso-ventral cross-section X2. See also Pl. 3, figs. 7-9.
10. Beloitoceras kirtoni Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ............. 42
Ordovician, Queenstown, western Tasmania. Holotype, No. 1990.
Dorse-ventral section X3 /2.
BULL. AMER. PALEONT. No. 144, Pr. +
Pu. 17, Vou. 34
PLATE 5 (18)
64 BULLETIN 144 246
we
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5 (18)
Figure Page
1-3. Stromatoceras eximium Teichert and Glenister, n. gen., n. sp. .. 37
Silurian, Gordon River, western Tasmania. Holotype, No. B774.
1, lateral X1; 2, dorso-ventral cross-section 2; 3, posterior Xt.
4-6. Trocholitoceras idaense Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. .......... 47
Ordovician, Ida Bay, southeastern Tasmania. Holotype, No. 20883,
<1. 4, lateral; 5, median transverse cross-section; 6, ventral.
Buu. AMER. PALEONT. No. 144, Pu. 5
Pu. 18, Vou. 3+
66 BULLETIN 144 248
a
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6 (19)
Figure Page
1-4.. Gasconsoceras insperatum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. ...... 48
Silurian, Gordon River, western Tasmania. Holotype, No. B775,
x1. 1, ventral; 2, lateral; 3, dorsal; 4, anterior.
5-10. Hecatoceras obliquum Teichert and Glenister, n. sp. .......... 46
Ordovician, Zeehan, western ‘Tasmania. 5-7, paratype, No. 2001,
<3. 5, lateral; 6, ventral; 7, dorsal. 8-10, holotype, No.
2000, <3. 8, lateral; 9, ventral; 10, dorsal:
11. Hecatoceras longinquum Teichert and Glenister .............. 43
Ordovician, Zeehan, western Tasmania. Hypotype, No. 1998.
Ventral” ><3°
Px. 19, VoL. 3 BULL. AMER..PALEONT. No. 144, PL. 6
re ——
eae
Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera.
CR ay (efor fT Aacl. 15 Bibi 0) 0 Pais t5: ih 0 THOME) Sean ANS RSS a SP
Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of
Conrad.
PRO CONOSS i RO RSa) ci iGaty DD inert ES.) yak vec ane e an eee rey ire ty
Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca.
BW a! | CNOS.)) SS=940s) S00) DD. SO DIS Ni. Ome Be Sav
Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia,
Mesozoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and
Maryland Miocene mollusks.
See AUNOS 95-200) 420) Dp. \ OS) IS.) ke ee oe
Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils,
Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Fogene
corals, and geology and paleontology of Ecuador.
AOXVEL.|) (Nos. 101-108). 376) pp:,..86) Disses oe ee
. Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian
fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of .Venezuela.
es VEE.) (Nos. 109-114). 412 | pps 54) Dish ele ee
Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous
and Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams.
en (NOS. 115-016) 6738 “DpU 52 pls. ee a
Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods.
SS VARS (BS CST 0 lyr SESS) 93 8) 0 AM aa ay 0 Fiesta Nagy ean SAPs a
Jackson Eocene mollusks.
meme SINGS TES=028) . ADO PDs 2d DIS) ies has cis tere ar eck bek
Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and
Pennsylvania crinoids, Cypraeidae, Cretaceous, Mio-
cene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian
forams, and Cuban fossil localities.
eee (NOS) h29=Tao)4 294) pL SSIS! ok Ci alk ma a oe
Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams,
and Mytilarca.
om REN, (NOS. 34-139). (448 ipp 51) plsi i) be ee ck el RU oe eels
Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Ecuadoran
stratigraphy and paleontology.
‘XXXIV. (Nos. 140-144; 145 in press).
A Trinidad Globigerinidae, Ordovician Enopleura, Tas-
manian Ordovician cephalopods and Tennessee Or-
dovician ostracods.
PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA
Volume 1. (Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls.
Monographs of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids.
EEC NOS AGED) E/N DOd MD VOU MLSs Urea acie erat falar daar beatae
Heliophyllum halli, Tertiary turrids, Neocene Spondyli,
Paleozoic cephalopods, Tertiary Fasciolarias and
Paleozoic and Recent Hexactinellida.
Ill. (Nos. 13-24, other numbers in preparation.)
Paleozoic cephalopod structure and phylogeny, Paleo-
zoic siphonophores, Busycon, Devonian fish studies,
gastropod studies, Carboniferous crinoids, Cretaceous
jellyfish, Platystrophia, and Venericardia in pre-
paration.
CNOSK 2d— 2G) e MOOOMDDs OL UDISM Weenie tanneries iu acme Bets
8.00
10.00
9.00
9.00
10.00
10.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA
Volume 1.
i
Tit.
(Nos.
BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
(Nos. 1-5). 354 pp., 32 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 6-10). .347 pp., 23 pls.
Tertiary Mollusca and Foraminifera, Paleozoic faunas.
(Nos. 11-15). 402 pp., 29 pis.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and
faunas.
(Nos. 16-21). 161 pp., 26 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and
faunas.
(Nos. 22-30). 487 pp., 68 pls.
Tertiary fossils mainly Santo Domingan, Mesozoic and
Paleozoic fossils.
(No. 31). 268 pp., 59 pls.
Claibornian Eocene pelecypods.
(No. 32). 730 pp., 99 pls.
Claibornian Eocene scaphopods,
cephalopods.
(Nos. 33-26). 357 pp., 15 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 37-39). 462 pp., 35 pls.
Tertiary Mollusca mainly from Costa Rica.
(Nos. 40-42). 382 pp., 54 pls.
Tertiary forams and mollusks mainly from Trinidad
and Paleozoic fossils.
(Nos, 43-46). 272 pp., 41 pls.
Tertiary, Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils mainly from
Venezuela.
(Nos. 47-48). 494 pp., 8 pls.
Venezuela and Trinidad forams and Mesozoic inverte-
- brate bibliography.
49-50). 264 pp., 47 pls.
Venezuelan Tertiary Mollusca and Tertiary Mammalia.
(Nos. 51-54). 306 pp., 44 pls.
Mexican Tertiary forams and Tertiary ‘mollusks of
Peru and Colombia.
(Nos. 55-58). 314 pp., 86 pls.
Mainly Ecuadoran, Peruvian and Mexican Tertiary
forams and mollusks and Paleozoic fossils.
(Nos. 59-61). 140 pp., 48 pls.
Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 62-63). 283 pp., 33 pls.
Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 64-67). 286 pp., 29 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals.
(No. 68). 272 pp., 24 pls.
Tertiary Paleontology, Peru.
(Nos. 69-70C). 266 pp., 26 pls.
Cretaceous and Tertiary Palkouthiees of Peru and
Cuba.
(Nos. 71-72). 321 pp., 12 pls.
Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy.
gastropods, and
—
7
BULLETINS
AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY
VOL. XXXIV
NUMBER 145 MUS. . COMP, “COMP. Z60L.
1954 HADVEDA
UNIVERSITY
i.
| |
/
| JUL 3 0 fy
|
Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca, New Yor
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION
1953-54
PRESIDENT a5) heed ese a eee eo eats opened ehuiisirrorete haha laveterere KENNETH E. CASTER
WICESPRESIDENT O72 ssccveia cicval a roieiraeners Qiovetanclone tena leseteusie oi eustoueunerate W. Storrs Cove
SECRETARY ="TREASURER iis/ctoisroichatelorsierneietal state ero eo elsaeteleceeiehelss REBECCA S. HARRIS
DIRECTOR) Ve cic) eleva careless lertinve ee NII ee aid a KATHERINE V. W. PALMER
COUNSEL) Sate cneaieilees ae le las evade toe aveveveteterertetatels ei eheue te ARMAND L. ADAMS
Trustees
KENNETH E, CASTER (1949-54) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life)
W. Storrs CoLe (1952-58) RALPH A. LIDDLE (1950-56)
RousszEAU H. FLOWER (1950-55) AXEL A. OLsson (Life)
ReBecca S. Harris (Life) NorMAN E, WEISBORD (1951-57)
SoLomon C. HOLuisTER (1953-59)
BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
and
PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA
KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor
Lempi H. SINCEBAUGH, Secretary
Editorial Board
KENNETH E. CASTER G. WINSTON SINCLAIR
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BULLETINS
OF
AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
Vol. 34
No. 145
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CONULARIDA
By
G. Winston Sinclair
Ohio Wesleyan University
And
Eugene 8S. Richardson, d2.
Chicago Natural History Museum
July 19, 1954
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION
ITHACA, NEw YorK
WenosAs
MUS. COMP. 200L.
LIBRARY
JUL 3.0 1954)
HARVARD
NIVERSITY
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Printed in the United States of America
Page
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Index
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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253 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 5
PREFACE
Almost fifteen years ago I became interested in the problematic
fossils then placed in the genus Conularia. Systematic study was be-
gun, at first of the Ordovician forms, later of the group as a whole.
This expansion of my interest was due in large part to the encourage-
ment of the late Dr. E. M. Kindle. A number of short papers were
published, which presented descriptions and summaries of individual
genera. In 1946 completion of a monographic study of the entire
group seemed possible within a reasonable time and publication of
disconnected fragments appeared no longer necessary. By 1948 this
work had advanced sufficiently to warrant its presentation to the
Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research of McGill University as
a doctoral thesis.
Since then my progress has been discouraging. A great many
loose ends remain. Each month turns up new material demanding
incorporation and revision and my ignorance of the biologic position
of the group is as profound as it ever was. In short, completion of
a truly monographic study seems as far away as it did six years ago.
Many friends and colleagues have expressed their confidence in the
work by the loan of material, in some cases for periods of years. I
think it an obligation to them to publish now what I know of the
conularids leaving future discoveries to appear as supplements.
This bibliography is published first in order to avoid repetition
of references in the systematic parts of the work and to give other
workers the benefit of this phase of the research, which we hope may
stand by itself as a useful contribution.
While a graduate student at Pennsylvania State College Mr.
Richardson worked with Professor Frank M. Swartz on a faunule
of Devonian conularids and in connection with that study compiled
a great many references to conularid literature in general. When
I met Mr. Richardson in 1945 we realized that while in part we had
been working the same ground, still our varied opportunities for study
had led each to sources the other had missed, and we decided to pool
our bibliographic notes. Since then Mr. Richardson has gone on to
other responsibilities and other fields of research, but the completion
of this bibliography has been a joint work. For the past seven years
we have exchanged slips, comments, and criticisms.
6 BULLETIN 145 254
I regret that I have found no way to include what must have
been my earliest introduction to Conularia — a figure decorating the
spine of a uniform edition of Hugh Miller which I bought piece meal
from Thorburn and Abbott’s second-hand bookstall in Ottawa, long
before I knew there was such a genus.
G. Winston Sinclair
Delaware, Ohio
October 20, 1952.
255 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 7
INTRODUCTION
We believe this bibliography includes essentially all the works in
which conularids have been described or figured. “That we have here
all records of the occurrence of conularids we seriously doubt, but
we do feel that for North American species it is fairly complete.
So far as we could we have verified dates and other information,
-especially for papers in which genera and species are defined. Many
‘entries remain incomplete. We must leave them for later amendment,
asking the assistance of colleagues who have access to data we lack.
References to secondary sources such as textbooks have not been
particularly sought, but we have included them when found. To omit
them would be to omit the first publication of some species, new figures
of others, and of still others accessible figures taken from rare primary
sources. It seemed impossible, and in terms of our present purpose
not wholly desirable, to draw a line to include the texts we thought
“useful”, and to exclude the twentieth repetition of the hoary figure
of C. ornata.
We have been similarly uncritical of faunal lists. Many of these
are patently useless or redundant. Their usefulness should be a con-
cern not of the bibliographer, but of the systematist, and they will be
evaluated elsewhere. Faunal lists are the raw material for all our
generalizations about range and distribution, and so we have included
all papers known to us in which the occurrence of conularids is noted,
but not texts and such works in which species are simply referred to
without illustration. Records in the form “Conularia sp.” have not
ordinarily been noticed, except where this is the only record of the
group in a formation or geographic area, or unless it is to be definitely
referred to in other parts of the work.
Under each entry we give (except for a few compendia) the
trivial names of the conularids noticed in it. This brevity is possible
since no valid trivial name seems to be duplicated in the group, ex-
cept quadrata, which has been applied to a Climacoconus and a
Conulariopsis. The relative importance of the records is indicated
typographically. The first valid description of a species is noted by
the use of capitals. A reference, other than the first description, in
which something is added to our knowledge of the species (an illustra-
tion or a supplementary description) is noted by an asterisk. “Thus,
8 BULLETIN 145 256
a lower case name without asterisk indicates that the species was
simply listed, and the reference may be ignored by a student interest-
ed only in morphology.
Many of these citations are incorrect, in terms of our current
understanding of the group. We experimented with various ways of
indicating synonymies, only to decide that any clear system would be
tar too cumbersome and, more important, could not include data to
permit the reader to judge the accuracy of our assignments. Therefore,
only in some obvious cases do we indicate that a citation refers to
some species other than that named. We have indicated, by the use
of italics, that a name is for some reason unacceptable. For example,
the species Conularia sowerbyi appears in many lists of European
fossils, although the name is an objective junior synonym of C.
quadrisulcata and cannot be used for any species. We have not tried
to show what we think each author meant by this name but have sim-
ply italicized it to indicate that it is not correct as it stands.
An index without synonymies would be meaningless, but we have
appended a list of the trivial names used in the group (italicizing those
not accepted) with their author and date for reference to the original
description.
257 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abel, Othenio
1935. Vorzeitliche Lebensspuren. Jena. xv-+644 pp., 530 figs.
reticulata
Adams, Frank D[awson], and Leroy, Osmond El[dgar]
1904. The artesian and other deep wells on the island of Montreal.
Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, vol. 14, pt.
O (No. 863), 74 pp., 6 figs. This report was also issued in a
French edition in 1909, 78 pp., and in the whole volume (in
English) in 1906, dated 1905.
trentonensis
Ahlfeld, Federico
1946. Geologia de Bolivia. Museo de La Plata, Revista, n. s., Seccidén
geologica, tomo 3, pp.5-370, 115 figs., map.
ulrichana*
Alcock, FLlrederick] J[ames]
1935. Geology of the Chaleur Bay region. Geological Survey of
Canada, Memoir 183, iv+146 pp., 26 pl. 15 figs. This memoir
was also issued in a French edition, 165 pp.
C. sp. (Mictaw)
Ami, Henry Mlarc]
1882. The Utica slate. Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club, Transactions,
No. 3 [vol. 1], pp. 61-66. Also issued separately as: The
Utica slate formation with special reference to the exposures of
that formation at and near Ottawa City. Ottawa. 8 pp.
trentonensis, hudsonia
1884. List of fossils from Ottawa and_ vicinity. Ottawa Field-
Naturalists’ Club, Transactions, No. 5 (vol. 2, No. 1), pp. 54-62.
Also issued separately as: A classified list of the Cambro-
Silurian and Post-Tertiary fossils, from Ottawa and_ vicinity.
Ottawa. 10 pp.
trentonensis, hudsonia
1887. Notes on, and the precise geological horizon of Siphonotreta
scotica, Davidson. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 121-126.
trentonensis
1891. On the geology of Quebec and environs. Geological Society
of America, Bulletin, vol. 2, pp. 477-502, pl. 20
trentonensis
1892. Palaeontological notes, I. On a collection of fossils from the
Ordovician of Joliette, in the Province of Quebec. Canadian
Record of Science, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 104-107.
trentonensis
1892a. The Utica terrane in Canada. Canadian Record of Science,
vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 166-183; No. 4, pp. 234-246. Also issued separ-
ately, 32 pp.
trentonensis, hudsonia
1892b. Catalogue of Silurian fossils from Arisaig, Nova _ Scotia.
Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Transactions, series 2, vol. 1,
pp. 185-192.
Niagarensis
10 BULLETIN 145 258
1896. Preliminary lists of the organic remains occurring in the various
geological formations comprised in the south-west quarter-sheet
map of the Eastern Townships of the Province of Quebec.
Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, vol. 7, pt. J (No.
579), Pp. 113J-157). This report was also issued in French, in
volume form only, in 1897. Ami’s appendix was also issued
separately from the rest of part J, and paged 1-45.
quadrata, trentonensis
1896a. Notes on some fossils from the Trenton of Highgate Springs,
Vermont, near the Canadian Boundary Line. Ottawa Naturalist,
vol. 9, No. 10, pp. 215-216.
trentonensis
1896b. Notes on some of the fossil organic remains comprised in the
geological formations and outliers of the Ottawa Palaeozoic Basin.
Royal Society of Canada, section IV, Transactions, series 2, vol.
2, pp. 151-158.
trentonensis, hudsonia
1897. Synopsis of the geology of Montreal. British Medical Associa-
tion, Official Guide and Souvenir. Montreal. Author’s separ-
ate seen, 5 pp.
trentonensis
1900. On the geology of the principal cities in eastern Canada.
Royal Society of Canada, section IV, Transactions, series 2, vol.
6, pp. 125-173, 5 tables.
trentonensis
1go1. Lists of fossils obtained from the several formations along the
Ottawa River pertaining to the report on sheet No. 121, Quebec
and Ontario (Grenville Sheet). Geological Survey of Canada,
Annual Report, vol. 12, pt. J (No. 739), pp. 139J-143J. This
report was issued in volume form in 1902, and in French in
volume form only in 1908, dated 1902.
trentonensis
rgo1a. Lists of fossils to accompany report by Dr. R. W. Ells on the
City of Ottawa map. Geological Survey of Canada, Annual
Report, vol. 12, pt. G (No. 741), pp: 51G-77G. This report was
issued in volume form in 1902, and in French in volume form
only in 1908, dated 1902. Ami’s lists were also issued separately
from the rest of part G and paged 1-29, with the title: Pre-
liminary lists of the organic remains occurring in the various
geological formations comprised in the map of the Ottawa dis-
trict, including portions of the provinces of Quebec and Ontario,
along the Ottawa River.
trentonensis
[1905.] Preliminary lists of fossil organic remains from the Potsdam,
Beekmantown (Calciferous), Chazy, Black River, Trenton, Utica,
and Pleistocene formations comprised within the Perth Sheet (No.
119) in eastern Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada, Annual
Report, vol. 14, pt. J (No. 790), pp. 8o0J-89J. Part J was
issued in 1905, dated 1904, and in volume form in 1906, dated
1905. The French edition of part J alone appeared in 1915,
dated 1914, and paged iv+107.
gracilis
Ancoin, Ch., and Vendercammen, A.
1951. Découverte de Vhorizon a Gastrioceras crenulatum au toit de la
couche Désirée, au Charbonnage d’Ougrée. Conséquences au point
259 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON II
Anderson,
1936.
Anderson,
1883.
Andrews,
1871.
1878.
Andrusov,
1925.
de vue de la synonymie des couches du bassin de Seraing et du
massif de Herve. Société Géologique de Belgique, Annales, Bulle-
tin, tome 74, Nos. 7-10, pp. B265-B28o, including plate 1, fig. 1-3.
crustula
E[rnest] Mlasson]
Catalogue of types and figured specimens of fossils in the Geo-
logical Survey Collections, now exhibited in the Royal Scottish
Museum, Edinburgh. London (Department of Scientific and
Industrial Research). 77 pp.
hastata, tenuis
WLilliam] P., Ami, H. M., and Watters, H[enry]
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El[benezer] BlLaldwin]
Report of progress in the Second District. Geological Survey
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newberryi
An elementary geology, designed especially for the interior states.
New York, Cincinnati & Chicago, vii+283 pp., 432 figs.
micronema*
Dimitrij
Geologické proméry z birozpka. Statniho geologickeho Ustavu
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Geological science. London x+302 pp., figs.
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» Tennant, Jlames], and Mitchell, Walter]
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12 BULLETIN 145 260
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Armstrong, James, and Young, John
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Asselberghs, Etienne
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261 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 13
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A conularid is figured as an incognitum.
Austin, George M.
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1876. Palaeontological notes, in, G. Kinahan et al.: Explanatory
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1878. Palaeontological notes, in, Joseph Nolan: Explanatory memoir
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1879. Palaeontological notes, in G. H. Kinahan: Explanatory memoir
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1881. Palaeontological notes, in, G. H. Kinahan: Report on the rocks
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1882. Palaeontological notes, Sheet 158, in, G. H. Kinahan: Explana-
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1886.
BULLETIN 145 262
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Palaeontological .notes, in, R. G. Symes and S. B. Wilkinson:
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Paradox formation of eastern Utah and western Colorado.
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1847.
1854.
1855.
Notice préliminaire sur le systéme silurien et les trilobites de
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grandis, proteica
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1867.
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aliena, fragilis, proteica, sowerbyi
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263 CoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 15
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1879.
1887.
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1882.
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1891.
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1922b. Considérations générales sur les couches siluro-dévoniennes de
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Bassler, Ray S[mith]
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The Nettleroth Collection of invertebrate fossils. Smithsonian
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micronema, newberryi
16 BULLETIN 145 264
1911. The early Paleozoic Bryozoa of the Baltic provinces. United
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buchi, quadrisulcata, trentonensis
1911a. The Waverlyan period of Tennessee. United States National
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byblis
1915. Bibliographic index of American Ordovician and Silurian fossils.
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1932. The stratigraphy of the central basin of Tennessee. ‘Tennessee
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Beachler, Chalrlel]s S.
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subcarbonaria, crawfordsvillensis
1889. Corrected list of fossils found at Crawfordsville, Ind. Indiana
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265 CoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 17
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quadrisulcata
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18 BULLETIN 145 266
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1883. Compte-rendu de lexcursion géologique a May-sur-Orne. So-
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pyramidata
1888. Note sur les Homalonotus des grés siluriens de Normandie.
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pyramidata
1900. Normandie. Excursion sous la conduite de MM. Munier-Chalmas
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pyramidata
1914. Notice explicative de la deuxieme édition de la feuille “Caen”
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20 BULLETIN 145 268
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1864. Essai géologique sur le département de la Manche, suite. So-
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CONCRETA, anomala*, KETTNERI, DENSISSIMA, POC-
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irregularis
40 BULLETIN 145 288
Durocher, J[oseph Marie Elizabeth]
1856. Etudes sur la structure orographique et la constitution géologique
de la Norwége, de la Suéde et de la Finlande. Société géolo-
gique de France, Mémoires, série 2, tome 6, pt. 1, 207 pp., maps.
quadrisulcata >
Du Toit, Alex[ander] Llogie]
1922. The Carboniferous glaciation of South Africa. Geological Society
of South Africa, Transactions, vol. 24, pp. 188-227, 3 figs.
C. sp. (Dwyka)
1926. The geology of South Africa. Edinburgh and London. x+463
pp-, 39 pl., 63 figs., map.
africana, baini, gamkaensis, quichua, ulrichana
1930. A brief review of the Dwyka glaciation of South Africa. Inter-
national Geological Congress. Compte Rendu of the XV_ Session,
South Africa, 1929, volume II, pp. 90-102.
C. sp.
Dyer, WLilliam] S[pafford]
1921. On Conularia rugosa from the Lockport limestone at Hamilton,
Ontario. Royal Society of Canada, Section IV, Transactions,
series 3, volume 15, pp. 65-67, 2 pl.
rugosa*
Earp, John Rowland
1938. The higher Silurian rocks of the Kerry district, Montgomery-
shire. Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 94,
pt. 1 (No. 373), pp. 125-160, pl. 12-13, 8 figs.
cancellata
Eastman, Charles Rlochester], editor.
1913. Textbook of palaeontology, adapted from the German of Karl
A. von Zittel. Vol. 1. Second edition. London. xi+839 pp., 1594
figs.
anomala*, guadrisulcata*
Eastwood, Tlom], et al
1931. The geology of the Whitehaven and Workington district. Geo-
logical Survey of England and Wales, Memoirs. Explanation of
sheet 28, xi+304 pp., 8 pl., 27 figs.
quadrisulcata
Eaton, Amos
1832. Geological equivalents. American Journal of Science, vol. 21,
No. 1, pp. 132-138.
quadrisulcata
1832a. Four cardinal points in stratiographical geology, established by
organic remains. American Journal of Science, vol. 21, No. 1,
appendix, pp. 199-200.
quadrisulcata
Eichwald, Carl Edouard d’ (Eduard Iwanowitsch von Eichwald)
1840. Ueber das silurische Schichtensystems in Ehstland. Zeitschrift fir
Natur.-und Heilkunde, Hefte 1/2. Only author’s edition seen.
210 pp.
quadrisulcata*, BUCHII
289 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 41
1851.
1855.
1857.
18574.
1860.
Ein Paar Worte iiber die Eifel und die Grauwacke uberhaupt, in,
Naturhistorische Bemerkungen als Beitrag zur vergleichenden
Geognosie, auf einer Reise durch die Eifel, Tyrol, Italien, Sizil-
ten und Algier. Moskau und Stuttgart. pp. 1-74, pl. 1. A note
says that this paper [464 pp., 2+2 pl.] forms Band IX of the
Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société des Naturalistes de Moscou,
but we have not seen it in that form.
gerolsteinensis, deflexicosta, acuta, quadrisulcata, buchii
Lethaea Rossica, ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Vol. 1. L’Anci-
enne période. Atlas. Stuttgart. 59 pl.
LATESULCATA, LINEATA, STRIATA, MARGINATA,
CONSTRICTA, subtilis*, trentonensis*
Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere
Russlands. Alte période. Part 4. Société impérial des Naturalistes
de Moscou, Bulletin, tome 29, 2e partie, No. 4, pp. 555-608.
lineata*, buchi*
Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere
Russlands. Alte Periode. Moskau. 242 pp. Reprinted from the
Bulletin of the Société impérial des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1855-
1857.
lineata*, buchi*.
Lethaea Rossica, ou Paléontologie de la Russie, tome I, L’Anci-
enne periode. Pt. 2, pp. 681-1657. Stuttgart.
latesulcata*, lineata*, buchii*, striata*, soqwerbyi*, subtilis*,
trentonensis*, constricta*, marginata*
Elles, Gertrude Lilian
1922.
1940.
The Bala country: Its structure and rock-succession. Geological
Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 78, pt. 2 (No. 310), pp.
132-175, pl. 2 (map), ro figs.
sowerbyi
The stratigraphy and faunal succession in the Ordovician rocks
of the Builth-Llandrindod inlier, Radnorshire. Geological Society
of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 95, pt. 4 (No. 380), pp. 383-
445, pl. 27-32, 10 figs.
coronata, quadrisulcata, SILURIANA, caereesiense
Ells, Rlobert] WlLheeler]
1888.
1900.
Second report on the geology of a portion of the Province of
Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Reports, n. s., vol.
3, pt. K. 120 pp. Issued in volume form, in both French and
English editions, in 1893.
trentonensis
Report on the geology of the Three Rivers map-sheet or north-
western sheet of the “Eastern Townships” map, Quebec. Geolo-
gical Survey of Canada, Annual Reports, n. s., vol. 311, pt. J
(No. 707). 70 pp., 4 pl., map. Issued in volume form in English
in 1901, and in French in 1902, dated r1gor.
trentonensis
Emerson, Blenjamin] K[endall]
1879.
On the geology of Frobisher Bay and Field Bay. Appendix III
to: Narrative of the second Arctic Expedition made by Charles
F. Hall. U. S. 45th Congress, 3d session, Executive document No.
27, PP. 553-583, figs.
trentonensis
42
BULLETIN 145 290
Emmons, Ebenezer
1846.
1855.
1860.
Etheridge,
1888.
Etheridge,
1873.
1878.
1878a.
1881.
1882.
1890.
1g9Ol.
Conularia vernuelia n. s. Emmons. American Quarterly Journal
of Science and Agriculture, vol. 4, No. 8, p. 330, 2 figs. This
article was not signed.
VERNUELIA
American geology.~ Vol. 1, pt. 2, Albany. 251 pp., 18 pl., 84
figs.
HUDSONIA
Manual of geology: designed for the use of colleges and acade-
mies. Second edition. New York. xi+297 pp., 218 figs.
hudsonia*, verneuilli*
Robert (1819-1903)
Fossils of the British Islands, stratigraphically and xoologically
arranged. Volume I, Palaeozoic, &c. Oxford. vili+468 pp.
cancellata, corium, elongata, homfrayi, laevigata, sowerbyi,
llanvirnensis, margaritifera, pyramidata, subtilis, quwadrisulcata
Robert (1847-1920)
Contributions to Carboniferous palaeontology. I. Note on the genus
Conularia, Miller. Geological Magazine, vol. 10, No. 109, pp.
295-297, 3 figs.
quadrisulcata
On our present knowledge of the invertebrate fauna of the Low-
er Carboniferous or Calciferous sandstone series of the Edin-
burgh neighbourhood, especially of that division known as the
Wardie shales; and on the first appearance of certain species in
these beds. Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol.
2i4)) pt. © (No13'3))e pps 1-26), ply 1-2:
Casp:
A catalogue of Australian fossils (including Tasmania and the
Island of Timor) stratigraphically and zoologically arranged.
Cambridge. xi+232 pp.
sowerbyi, inornata, laevigata, torta, quadrisulcata, tenuistriata
On the analysis and distribution of the British Palaeozoiq fossils.
Geological Society of London, Proceedings, session 1880-81, pp.
51-235.
homfrayi, corium, margaritifera, llanvirnensis, sowerbyi, sub-
tilis, cancellata, quadrisulcata
The Palaeozoic conchology of Scotland. Royal Physical Society
of Edinburgh, Proceedings, vol. 7, pt. 1, pp. 1-94.
On the further structure of Conularia inornata Dana, and Hyo-
lithes lanceolatus Morris sp. (=Theca lanceolata, Morris). Linnean
Society of New South Wales, Proceedings, series 2, vol. 4, pt. 3,
Pp. 751-756, pl. 20.
inornata*
Aperture of Conularia. Australian Museum, Records, vol. 4,
INOS 15, ps 52.
laevigata, tasmanica, undulata
Evans, David Cledlyn
1906.
The Ordovician rocks of western Caermarthenshire. Geological
Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 62, pt. 4 (No. 248),
pp. 597-643, pl. 46 (map), 7 figs.
margaritifera, homfrayi
291 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON = 43
Faessler, Clarl], and Laverdiere, J. W.
1936. Quelques observations sur la géologie de la Cote de Beaupre.
Naturaliste Canadien, tome 63, No. 2 (série 3, tome 7), pp. 33-44,
5 figs. Also issued, with same pagination, as: Université Laval,
Faculté des Sciences, Géologie et Mineralogie, Contributions, No.
25.
trentonensis
Fairbridge, Rhodes W.
1949. Geology of the country around Waddamana, central Tasmania.
Royal Society of Tasmania, Papers and Proceedings for 1948, pp.
111-149, pl. 5-9, figs.
inornata
Fearnsides, William George
1905. On the geology of Arenig Fawr and Moel Llyfnant. Geological
Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 61, pt. 3 (No. 243),
pp. 608-640, pl. 41 (map), 2 figs.
homfrayi
Felix, Johannes Paul
1924. Leitfossilien aus dem Pflanzen- und Tierreich in systematischen
Anordnung, 2 Auflage. Leipzig. 228 pp., figs.
simplex*
Ferugiio, Egidio
1933. Fossili devonici della Sierra del Porongal nella regione subandina
dell’ Argentina settentrionale. R. Museo geologico di Bologna,
Annali, Giornale di Geologia, Serie 2a, vol. 8, pp. 127-146, plate.
ulrichana*
Field, Richard Ml[ontgomery]
1919. The Middle Ordovician of central and south central Pennsylvania.
American Journal of Science, series 4, vol. 48, No. 288, pp. 403-
428, 3 figs.
trentonensis
Fischer, Paul [Henri]
1883. Manuel de Conchyliologie et de paléontologie conchyliologique,
fasc. V, pp. 417-512, figs. Paris.
quadrisulcata*
Fischer de Waldheim, G[otthelf Friedrich]
1848. Notice sur quelques céphalopodes du calcaire de montagne de
Kalouga et de Moscou. Société impérial des Naturalistes de
Moscou, Bulletin, tome 21, No. 3, pp. 85-133, pl. 5s.
CONVEXA, ELONGATA (cephalopods)
1848a. Notice sur quelques fossiles du Gouvernement d’Orel. Société
impérial des Naturalistes de Moscou, Bulletin, tome 21, No. 4,
Pp. 455-469, pl. 11.
INCLINATA (a cephalopod)
Fleming, John
1828. A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters
and systematical arrangements of the genera and species of
quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the
United Kingdom, &c. Edinburgh. xxiii+565 pp.
quadrisulcata, teres
44
BULLETIN 145 292
Fletcher, Harold O.
1938.
1946.
A revision of the Australian Conulariae. Australian Museum,
Records, vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 235-255, pl. 24-26.
MITCHELL], CHAPMANI, TUBERCULATA, EXPANSA,
ACUTILIRAT As CRENULATA, DISTINCTA, SALTERI
warthi*, torta*, levigata*, inornata*, tenuistriata*, derwenten-
sis*, ornatissima*
Notes on the nomenclature of Conularia distincta Fletcher and
Conularia tenuistriata’ McCoy. Australian Museum, Records,
vol.:21, No. 7, p. 394.
BOWNINGENSIS
Fletcher, Hugh
1878.
Report on the geology of part of the counties of Victoria, Cape
Breton and Richmond, Nova Scotia. Geological Survey of Canada,
Report of Progress for 1876-1877, pp. 402-456, 5 figs., map. This
report also appeared in a French edition, with different pagina-
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planicostata
Foerste, August F[rederick]
1889.
Notes on Clinton group fossils, with special reference to col-
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niagarensis*
[1895]. Fossils of the Clinton group in Ohio and Indiana. Geological
1913.
1914.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1920.
1924.
Survey of Ohio, Report, vol. 7, pp. 516-601, pl. 25-37a. Al-
though this volume was dated 1893, only the first 290 pages
appeared in that year (see p. xiv), and although on that page
the whole volume was said to be published in 1894, it had not
yet appeared in January 1895 (see p. 80a).
niagarensis*, BILINEATA a
The identification of Trenton and lower geological horizons.
Kentucky Geological Survey, series 4, vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 365-376,
pl. 5-10.
quadrata
The Rogers Gap fauna of central Kentucky. Cincinnati Society
of Natural History, Journal, vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 109-156, 4 pl., figs.
ROGERSENSIS
Notes on Cincinnatian fossil types. Denison University, Scientific
Laboratories, Bulletin, vol. 18, articles 4-7, pp. 285-355, including
ple n-7:
Notes conularids as hosts to Crania.
Notes on Richmond and related fossils. Cincinnati Society of
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MISENERI (a _ hyolithid)
The Richmond faunas of Little Bay de Noquette, in Northern
Michigan. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 31, No. 9, pp. 97-103, pl. 4-6;
No. 10, pp. 121-127.
formosa
The Kimmswick and Plattin limestones of northeastern Missouri.
Denison University Bulletin, Scientific Laboratories, Journal, vol.
19, No. 3, pp. 175-224, pl. 21-23.
HEYMANI, PLATTINENSIS (=heymani)
Upper Ordovician faunas of Ontario and Quebec. Geological
293 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 45
Survey, Canada, Memoir 138 (Geological Series 121), iv+255
pp-, 46 pl., 14 figs.
asperata
1928. American Arctic and related cephalopods. Denison University
Bulletin, vol. 38, No. 2; Scientific Laboratories, Journal, vol. 23,
articles 1-2, pp. 1-110, pl. 1-29.
METACONULARIA ULRICHI, papillata*, granulata*, de-
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1929. The cephalopods of the Red River formation of southern Mani-
toba. Denison University Bulletin, vol 29, No. 7; Scientific
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Follmann, O[tto]
1925. Die Koblenzschichten am Mittelrhein und in Moselgebiet. Natur-
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subparallela
Fomitchev, V. D. (B. Jl. ®omuyes)
1935. Cmpamuepagund U MEKMOHUKA UHCKOZO U NMLOMHUKOBCKOZO PANOHOS KY3-
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The stratigraphy and tectonics of the Inia and Plotnikovo re-
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C. sp. (Lower Carboniferous)
1940. Jlemaabnaa 2COMOCUUCCKAA KAPMA KYS8HEUKOZO KAMECHHOYLOMbHOLO dac-
cettua, nlanwmem N-45-16l (Mosocyxruncenut).
Detailed geological map of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin, sheet N-45-
16-[ (Mozjukha). U. S. S. R., Central Geological and Prospect-
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C. sp. (Upper Carboniferous)
Forsyth, David
1885. The Silurian rocks of the Girvan District. Geological Society of
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Foster, Helen L[aura]
1947. Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy of northern Gros Ventre
Mountains and Mount Leidy Highlands, Teton County, Wyo-
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kaibabensis
Fox, Cyril Slankey]
1931. The Gondwana system and related formations. Geological Sur-
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1900. Geological notes. Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, Trans-
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Carsp:
40 BULLETIN 145 294
1900a. Notes on the geology and fossils of some Devonian rocks on the
north coast of Cornwall. Geological Magazine, n. s., decade 4,
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C¥sp!
1902. On the distribution of fossils on the north coast of Cornwall
south of the Camel. Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, Trans-
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plate (map).
Casp:
1905. Further notes on the Devonian rocks and fossils in the parish of
St. Minver. Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, Transactions,
vol. 13, pt. 1, g1st Annual Report, &c., pp. 33-57.
subparallela, deflexicosta
1905a. Devonian fossils from the parish of St. Minver, North Cornwall.
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subparallela, deflexicosta
Foyles, Edward J[ohn]
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Fraas, Elberhard]
1910. Der Petrefaktensammler. Ein Leitfaden zum Sammeln und Bes-
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Frech, Fritz
1889. Ueber das rheinische Unterdevon und die Stellung des “Hercyn”.
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175-287, fig.
deflexicosta, gervillei
Freed, Stella B.
1894. Catalogue of instruments, minerals, fossils, shells, Gc. in the cabi-
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trentonensis, micronema, newberryi, missouriensis
Freeman, Hlenry] C.
1868. La Salle County. Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. 3, pp. 257-
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C. sp. (Coal Measures)
Freulon, J[ean] Michel]
1951. Sur la série primaire du Fezzan nord-occidental. Société géologique
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Coisp:
Freyberg, Bruno von
1922. Die Fauna und Gliederung der Thiiringer Untersilurs. Deutsche
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plates, as: MHabilitationsschrift, Vereinigten Friedrichsuniversitat
Halle-Wittenberg.
fecunda*, THURINGA, LATECOSTATA
295 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 47
1923. Die untersilurischen Eisenerzlager des ostthiiringischen Schiefer-
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deutschen Bodenschatze und ihrer Verwertung, Jahrbuch, Bd. 4,
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Notes conularids in phosphate pebbles.
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1860. Geognostische Skizze der Umgegend von Ilmenau am Thiiringer
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1901. Fiihrer durch das mineralogische Institut der kgl. ver. Fried-
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1926. The stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Workman’s Creek
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formosa
1944. Catalogue of types in the Royal Ontario Museum of Palaeontol-
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Frommurze, H. F., and Gevers, T. W.
1929. South west Africa. International Geological Congress, Guide
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Fuchs, Alexander
1915. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hunriickschiefer und Unterkoblenzfau-
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Fuhrmann, August
1949. Beitrdge zur Geologie des Iberg-Winterberg-Massivs bei Bad
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acuta, bodana
Fulda, E[rnst]
1935. Zechstein. Band 7 of: Handbuch der vergleichenden Stratigra-
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hollebeni
Furon, Raymond
1941. La Paléogéographie. Essai sur lévolution des continents et des
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africana
Garner, Robert
1844. The natural history of the County of Stafford; comprising its geo-
48
BULLETIN 145 296
logy, zoology, botany, and meteorolgy: also its antiquities, topo-
graphy, manufactures, Gc. London. viitss51 pp., pl. 1-2, A-E,
[2], [20] figs.
quadrisulcata
Garwood, Edmund Johnstone
[1913.] The Lower Carboniferous succession in the north-west of Eng-
land. Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 68,
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quadrisulcata
Life zones in the British Carboniferous rocks. British Association
for the Advancement of Science, Report of the 67th (Toronto)
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Gaudry, Albert
1883.
Les enchainements du monde animal dans les temps géologiques.
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pyramidata*
Geikie, Archibald
1868.
1869.
1869a.
1872.
1873.
On the order of succession among the Silurian rocks of Scotland.
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sowerbyi
Ayrshire: South-western district. Geological Survey of Scotland,
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elongata
Peebleshire, with parts of Lanark, Edinburgh, and Selkirk. Geo-
logical Survey of Scotland, Memoirs. Explanation of sheet 24,
24 pp., map. Fossil lists by J. W. Salter.
quadrisulcata
Ayrshire (north part), with parts of Renfrewshire and Lanark-
shire. Geological Survey of Scotland, Memoirs. Explanation of
sheet 22, 50 pp., map. Fossil lists by Robert Etheridge, Jr.
gquadrisulcata
Lanarkshire: Central districts. Geological Survey of Scotland,
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guadrisulcata
1873a. Western Wigtownshire. Geological Survey of Scotland, Memoirs.
1879.
1902.
Explanation of sheet 3. 34 pp., map. Fossil lists by Robert Ethe-
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elongata
Stirling (southern part). Lanarkshire (northern part). Linlith-
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quadrisulcata
Text-Book of geology. New York. 1787 pp., 471 figs.
homfrayi*, quadrisulcata*
297. CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 49
Geinitz, Hanns Bruno
1845. Grundriss der Versteinerungskunde. Dresden und Leipzig. vili-+
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quadrisulcata, teres, irregularis
1853. Conularia Hollebeni Gein. aus dem unteren Zechstein von Ilme-
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HOLLEBENI
1861. Dyas oder die Zechsteinformation und das Rothliegende. I. Die
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hollebeni*
Gerth, H.
1932. Geologie der Erde. Geologie Stidamerikas. [1. Bd.], I. Teil. Ber-
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Gevin, Pierre
1949. Série paléozoique d Aouinet Legra (Sahara occidental). Société gé-
ologique de France, Bulletin, série 5, tome 18, fasc. 6/7,pp. 369-
381, 4 figs.
C. sp. (Devonian)
Giebel, C[hristoph] Glottfried Andreas]
1852. Deutschlands Petrefacten. Leipzig. 706 pp.
acuta, gerolsteinensis, gervillei, deflexicosta, ornata
1852a. Allgemeine Palaeontologie. Entwurf einer systematischen Dar-
stellung der Fauna und Flora der Vorwelt. Leipzig. 414 pp.
acuta, quadrisulcata, gervillei, gerolsteinensis, irregularis, elon-
gata, ornata, pyramidata
Gill, Edmund D.
1942. On the thickness and age of the type Yeringian strata, Lilydale,
Victoria. Royal Society of Victoria, Proceedings, n. s., vol. 54,
pt. I, pp. 21-52, pl. 4-6, figs.
C. sp.
AM age shatece , and Banks, M. R.
1950. Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy of the Zeehan area, Tasma-
nia. Royal Society of Tasmania, Papers and Proceedings for
the year 1949, pp. 259-271, pl. 1-3.
inornata
Gillette, Tracy
1940. Geology of the Clyde and Sodus Bay quadrangles. With a chap-
ter on the water resources by Bernard H. Dollen. New York
State Museum, Bulletin 320, 179 pp., 45 figs., map.
niagarensis
1947. The Clinton of western and central New York. New York
State Museum, Bulletin 341, 191 pp., 20 figs.
longa, niagarensis
Girty, George Herbert
1903. The Carboniferous formations and faunas of Colorado. United
States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 16 (Series C, No.
63), 546 pp., ro pl.
crustula*
50
1910.
I9gIl.
1912.
1915.
BULLETIN 145 298
The fauna of the phosphate beds of the Park City formation in
Idaho, Wyoming and Utah. United States Geological Survey, Bul-
letin 436, 82 pp., 7 pl.
Casps
On some new genera and species of Pennsylvanian fossils from
the Wewoka formation of Oklahoma. New York Academy of
Sciences, Annals, vol. 21, pp. 119-156.
HOLDENVILLAE
Geologic age of the Bedford shale of Ohio. New York Academy of
Sciences, Annals, vol. 22, pp. 295-319.
byblis, newberryi
Fauna of the Wewoka formation of Oklahoma. United States
Geological Survey, Bulletin 544, 353 pp., 35 pl.
crustula*, holdenvillae*
1915a. Invertebrate paleontology, in, Henry Hinds and F. C. Greene: The
1922.
1923.
1927.
stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian series in Missouri, Missouri
Bureau of Geology and Mines, series 2, vol. 13, pp. 263-376, pl.
27-32, 2 tables.
crustula
[Report of fossils], in, W. J. Wright: Geology of the Moncton
map-area. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 129 (Geological
Series 110), pp. 18-19.
planicostata
Observations on the faunas of the Greenbrier limestone and ad-
jacent rocks. West Virginia Geological Survey. Tucker County
[Report], pp. 450-488.
chesterensis
List of species, in, A. O. Hayes: Bituminous shale and other mineral
occurrences in the vicinity of Sussex, N. B. Geological Survey,
Canada, Summary Report, 1925, part C, p. 1300.
planicostata
Glauert, Ludwig
1912.
1926.
Goldring,
1929.
1931.
1935.
1943.
Permo-Carboniferous fossils from Bryo Station, Murchison district.
Western Australian Museum and Art Gallery, Records, vol. 1, pt. 2,
PP. 75-77-
Cxespy now.*
A list of Western Australian fossils. Supplement No. 1. Western
Australia, Geological Survey, Bulletin 88, pp. 36-71.
warthi
Winifred
Handbook of paleontology for beginners and amateurs, Part 1.
The fossils. New York State Museum, Handbook 9, 356 pp., figs.
Second edition, 1950, 394 pp., 97 figs.
[undulata* |
Handbook of paleontology. Part 2. The formations. New York
State Museum, Handbook ro, 488 pp., 62 figs.
undulata*
Geology of the Berne Quadrangle, with a chapter on glacial geology
by John H. Cook. New York State Museum, Bulletin 303, 238 pp.,
72 figs., map.
trentonensis*, multicosta
Geology of the Coxsackie Quadrangle, New York, with a chapter
299 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 51
on glacial geology by John H. Cook. New York State Museum,
Bulletin 332, 374 pp., 71 figs., map.
ulsterensis, trentonensis
Goodchild, J[ohn] Gleorge]
1901. The Carboniferous Gasteropoda of the Clyde drainage area, in,
G. F. Scott Elliott, Malcolm Laurie and J. Barclay Murdoch: Fauna,
flora and geology of the Clyde area, pp. 505-508. Glasgow (Local
Committee for the Meeting of the British Association).
quadrisulcata
1904. The Carboniferous Gasteropoda of the Clyde drainage area, in,
J. B. Murdoch et al.: The geology and palaeontology of the Clyde
drainage area, pp. 505-508. Glasgow (Rooms of the Geological
Society). This book is a reissue of the 1901 handbook, with cor-
rections and additions, but with the original pagination retained.
quadrisulcata
Gorby, SLylvester] Sl[cott]
1889. List of specimens in the State Museum. Indiana, Department of
Geology and Natural History, 16th Annual Report, pp. 383-472.
crustula, downii, micronema, missouriensis, newberryi, niaga-
rensis, quadrisulcata, subcarbonaria
Gosselet, [Jules Auguste Alexandre]
1887. 6e Note sur le Famennien. Société géologique du Nord, Annales,
tome 14, livr. 2/3, pp. 130-145.
simplex
Gould, Chal[rlels Newton]
1925. Index to the stratigraphy of Oklahoma, with lists of characteristic
fossils by Charles E. Decker. Oklahoma Geology Survey, Bulletin
25a Sepp table:
trentonensis, crustula
Grabau, Amadeus William
1899. Geology and palaeontology of Eighteen Mile Creek and the lake
shore sections of Erie County, New York. Part 2. Palaeontology.
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Bulletin, vol. 6, No. 2/4, pp.
93-403, 263 figs.
undulata*
1901. Guide to the geology and paleontology of Niagara Falls and vicinity.
New York State Museum, Bulletin 45 (volume 9), 284 pp., 18 pl.
1go figs., map. Also issued as: Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences,
Bulletin, vol. 7, No. 1, with same pagination.
niagarensis*
1906. Guide to the geology and paleontology of the Schoharie Valley
in eastern New York. New York State Museum, Bulletin 92
(Paleontology No. 13) (New York State Education Department
Bulletin 370), pp. 76-386, 24 pl., 225 figs., map.
huntiana*, rudis, lata, pyramidalis
1919. Significance of the Sherbourne sandstone in Upper Dewonic strati-
graphy. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, vol. 30, No. 4, pp.
423-470.
congregata, undulata
1921. A comprehensive geology. Vol. 2. Boston, New York and Chicago.
viiit976 pp., 1980 figs., frontispiece.
undulata*, micronema*
52 BULLETIN 145 300
1924. Stratigraphy of China. Part 1. Palaeozoic and older. Geological
Survey of China. xviii+528 pp., 6 pl., 306 figs.
SIMPLICOSTA
1937. Palaezoic formations in the light of the pulsation theory. Volume
Ill. Cambrovician pulsation. Part Il. Appalachian, Palaeocordil-
leran, Pre-Andean, Himalayana and Cathaysian geosynclines. The
National University of Peking. xxx+850 pp., maps, charts.
undulata
1938. Palaeozoic formations in the light of the pulsation theory. Volume
IV. Ordovician pulsation. Part 1. Ordovician formations of the
Caledonian geosyncline, with a review and summary of the Skid-
davian pulsation system. Peking. xxxiiit942 pp., 67 figs.
sowerbyi, hispida, planiseptata, vesicularis, trentonensis, imperialis,
anomala, quadrisulcata
Ae Coe , and Shimer, Hervey Woodburn
1910. North American index fossils, invertebrates. Volume 2. New York.
xv+909 pp., 1937 figs.
niagarensis*, huntiana*, undulata*, newberryi*, byblis*, microne-
ma*, missouriensis*, subulata*, crustula*
Grange, Jules
1854. Géologie, minéralogie et géographie physique du voyage. 2 Partie,
in, J. Dumont-d’Urville: Voyage au pole sud et dans POcéanie sur
les corvettes Astrolobe et la Zélée ... Gc. Paris. 218 pp.
levigata
Green, Allexander Henry], and Strahan, Aubrey
1887. The geology of the Carboniferous limestone, Yoredale rocks, and
Millstone Grit of north Derbyshire. Geological Survey, England
and Wales, Memoir, 2d edition, 212 pp., illus.
guadrisulcata
Greene, George K.
1880. Geology of Monroe County. Indiana Department of Statistics and
Geology, Second Annual Report, pp. 427-449, map.
subcarbonaria
Griffith, Richard John
1861. The localities of the Irish Carboniferous fossils, arranged according
to the stratigraphical subdivisions of the Carboniferous system
adopted in the geological map of Ireland, with the Irish mining
localities as appended to the synoptical table of fossils, engraved
on the margin of that map, and as originally compiled for the use
of the general valuation of Ireland. Geological Society of Dublin,
Journal, vol. 9, pt. 1, pp. 21-155.
quadrisulcata
Griffith, Robert
1842. Notice respecting the fossils of the Mountain limestone of Ireland,
as compared with those of Great Britain, and also with the Devonian
system. Dublin. 25 pp., sections.
quadrisulcata
Groom, Theodore
1910. The Malvern and Abberley Hills, and the Ledbury district, in,
301 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 53
Geology in the field, pp. 698-738, pl. 23, fig. 116-121. London (The
Geologists’ Association).
sowerbyi
Gross, Karl
1948. Vorlaufige Verzeichnis der Devon-Fossilien des Siegerlandes. Neues
Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, usw., Abt., B, Montshefte, Jahrgang
1945-1948, Hefte 1-4, pp. 138-153.
subparallela
Gross, L[udwig], (Freiherr) von
1844. Geologie, Geognosie und Petrefactenkunde. Weimar. 323 pp., 16 pl.
pyramidata*
Gross, Walter
1933. Die Fische des baltischen Devons. Palaeontographica, Bd. 79, Abt.
A, Lief. 1/2, pp. 1-74, pl. 1-6.
[latviensis ]
1934. Zur Gliederung des baltischen Old Reds. Deutsche geologische
Gesellschaft, Zeitschrift, Bd. 86, Heft 7, pp. 410-424, 4 figs.
[latviensis]
Grossart, William
1868. On the Upper Coal Measures of Lanarkshire. Geological Society
of Glasgow, Transactions, vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. 96-113.
quadrisulcata
Gueranger, Edouard Auguste Francois
1853. Essai d'un répertoire paléontologique du département de la Sarthe,
dressé suivant l'ordre de superposition des terrains, ou Liste des
Fossiles observés jusqwici dans cette localité. Le Mans. 44 pp. An
Album paléontologique was prepared to illustrate this work, and
published in 1867, in both folio and 18-mo. editions. We have not
seen this Atlas, but according to Hector Leveille, Guéranger’s bio-
grapher, only the first livraison dealing with the Cenomanian was
issued. (See Leveille: Société d’Agriculture, Sciences et Arts de la
Sarthe, Bulletin, tome 35, p. 22, 1895.)
KONINCKII
Gugenberger, Odomar
1934. Uber eine neue Conularia und das Vorkommen von Hyolithes in
den Cardita-Schichten von Launsdorf (Karnten). Centralblatt fiir
Mineralogie, usw., Jahrgang 1934, Abt. B, Nr. 4, pp. 190-192.
TRAUTHI
Guillier, Albert
1872. Faune seconde silurienne entre Saint-Dennis-d’Orques et Chemiré-
en-Charnie (note additionnelle). Société d’Agriculture, Sciences et
Arts de la Sarthe, Bulletin, tome 21 (2e série, tome 13), pp. 633-636.
quadrisulcata, mayeri
Gunn, WlLilliam]
1900. The geology of Belford, Holy Island, and the Farne Islands,
Northumberland. Geological Survey, England and Wales, Memoir.
Quarter-sheet 110 S. E., new series, sheet 4, iv-+155 pp., 8 figs.
54 BULLETIN 145 302
Guppy, D. J., Lindner, A. W., Rattigan, J. H. and Casey, J. N.
1952. The stratigraphy of the Mesozoic and Permian sediments of the
Desert Basin, Western Australia. X\Xe Congrés géologique in-
ternational. Symposium sur les Séries de Gondwana, pp. 107-114,
map. -
Girich, Georg
1896. Das Palaeozoicum im Polnischen Mittelgebirges. Russisch-Kaiser-
liche Mineralogische, Gesellschaft, Verhandlungen, Ser. 2, Bd. 32,
539 Pp., 15 pl.
ornata*, trentonensis*
1923. Acrolepis Lotzi und andere Ganoiden aus den Dwyka-Schichten
von Ganikobis. Stidwestafrika. Beitrage zur geologischen Erfor-
schung der Deutschen Schutzgebiete, Heft 19, pp. 26-73, 3 pl., 23 figs.
C. sp. (Dwyka)
Haas, Hippolyt Julius]
1887. Die Leitfossilien. Synopsis der geologisch wichtigsten Formen des
vorweltlichen Tier- und Pflanzenreichs. Leipzig. viit328 pp., 582
figs.
simplex*
Haberle, D[aniel]
1908. Paldontologische Untersuchungen triadischer Gastropoden aus dem
Gebiet von Predazzo. Naturhistorisch-Medicinischer Verein zu
Heidelberg, Verhandlungen, n.F., Bd. 9, Hefte 2/3, pp. 247-631, pl.
2-6.
C. sp.*
1910. Cuirripedier (2?) aus den alpinen Trias. Deutsche geologische
Gesellschaft, Monatshefte, 1910 (Bd. 62), Nr. 1, pp. 71-72.
Corrects identification of 1908 specimen which is not a conularid.
Haines, Mary P.
1879. List of fossils found in the Lower Silurian rocks in the vicinity of
Richmond, Indiana. Indiana Geological Survey, 8th, 9th and roth
Annual Reports, pp. 201-204.
papillata
Hall, James
1843. Geology of New-York, Part 4. Survey of the Fourth Geological
District. Albany. xxii+683 pp., [34]+19 pl., 192 figs.
quadrisulcata*
1847. Palaeontology of New-York. Volume 1. Containing descriptions
of the organic remains of the lower Division of the New-York
system, (equivalent to the Lower Silurian rocks of Europe). .\\-
bany. xxili+338 pp., 99 pl.
TRENTONENSIS, GRANULATA, PAPILLATA, GRACILE
1848. Catalogue of specimens in the palaeontological department of the
geological survey. New York State, Senate paper 72 (Annual
Report [first] of the Regents of the University on the condition
of the State Cabinet of Natural History, with catalogues of the
same.), Appendix, 15 pp.
trentonensis
1851. Parallelism of the Palaeozoic deposits of the United States and
Europe, in, J. W. Foster and J. D. Whitney: Report on the geology
of the Lake Superior land district. Part II, pp. 285-318. United
303 COoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON = 55
1852.
States Senate, Executive document, No. 4. We give the date as
it appears on the title page, but it should be noted that this precise
date, March 13, 1851, is not the date of publication, but only the
date on which publication was ordered. The order to publish was
unaccompanied by any authorization to pay for the printing, and
on November 21, 1851, the printing had still not begun. This
is a matter of some importance, since if the apparent date were
correct Dictyonema would date from this report, as Discosorus
does. We have seen a copy of this book with the printed notation
on the title page: “December 19, 1851, ordered, that 5500 addi-
tional copies be printed for the use of the Senate.”
niagarensis
Palaeontology of New-York. Volume 2. Containing descriptions
of the organic remains of the lower middle division of the New-
York system (equivalent in part to the Middle Silurian rocks
of Europe). Albany. viiit+362 pp., 104 pl. We have given the
date as it appears on the title page, although Hall (1860, p. 1, foot-
note) says that it “bears the date of 1853. . . but was finished in
nee
NIAGARENSIS, LONGA
[1857.] Description of new species of fossils from the Carboniferous lime-
1859.
stones of Indiana and Illinois. Albany Institute, Transactions,
vol. 4, pp. 1-36. Volume 4 is dated 1858-1864, and Nickles (United
States Geological Survey Bulletin 746, p. 445) gives the date of
this paper as 1864, but it was reviewed inthe September 1857 issue
of the American Journal of Science (series 2, vol. 24, p. 276).
SUBULATA C
Catalogue of the species of fossils described in volumes I, II and
III of the Palaeontology of New-York; with corrections in nomen-
clature, as far as determined to the present time. New York State,
Assembly paper 186 (Annual Report [12th] of the Regents of the
University, on the State Cabinet of Natural History), pp. 63-96.
huntiana, pyramidalis, i. a.
[1860.] Geological Survey of New York. Palaeontology. Volume 3. Con-
1861.
1862.
taining descriptions and figures of the organic remains of the
Lower Helderberg group and the Oriskany sandstone. 1855-1859.
Albany. 532 pp. The date of this volume is uncertain, but it was
not distributed late in 1860 (see American Journal of Science,
series 2, vol. 31, p. 125), and the date on the title page, 1859, is
incorrect.
PYRAMIDALIS, HUNTIANA, LATA
Geological Survey of New-York, Palaeontology. Volume 3. Part 2.
Plates. Albany. 141 plates.
DESIDERATA
Contributions to palaeontology; comprising descriptions of new
species of fossils, from the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Che-
mung groups. University of the State of New York, rsth Report of
the Regents, &c. (Senate paper 116), pp. 29-197, 11 pl., figs. Pages
29-113 were prepublished in 1861.
undulata*, laqueata*
[1877.] Illustrations of Devonian fossils: Gasteropoda, Pteropoda, Cephalo-
poda, Crustacea and corals of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton
and Chemung groups. Albany. 7 pp., pl. 1-74 (Mollusca), 1-23
(Crustacea), 1-39 (Corals). Reviewed, December 1877, in the
American Journal of Science (series 3, vol. 14, pp. 493-494), with
56 BULLETIN 145 304
a note the previous month (p. 432) that the work had been re-
ceived “too late for further notice here.’ Thus the stated date, 1876,
is incorrect.
CREBRISTRIA, CAYUGA, CONGREGATA, CONTINENS,
undulata*
1879. Geological Survey of New York, Palaeontology. Volume 5. Part
. Containing descriptions of the Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and
Cephalopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and
Chemung groups. Albany xv+492 pp., 120 pl. (in two volumes).
undulata*, crebristriata*, cayuga*, continens*, congregata*,
RUDIS
1879a. Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Niagara formation
at Waldron, Ind. Albany. 20 pp. figs. This pamphlet bears no
reference to the Albany Institute Transactions, in which this paper
(later?) appeared, as volume 10, pp. 57-76. The volume as a whole
is dated 1883.
INFREQUENS
1882. Descriptions of the species of fossils found in the Niagara group
at Waldron, Indiana. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural
History, 11th Annual Report, pp. 217-345, pl. 1-36.
infrequens*
1883. [Description of Spergen Hill fossils.| Indiana, Department of
Geology and Natural History, 12th Annual Report, pp. 319-375,
pl. 29-32.
subulata*
1884. List of Niagara fossils from Waldron, Indiana, arranged in table
cases in the State Museum of Natural History, September, 1882.
Regents of the University of the State of New York, 36th Annual
Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History, pp.
21-25.
infrequens
Hall, Townsend M[onckton]
1867. On the relative distribution of fossils throughout the North Devon
Series. Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 23,
pt. 1, No. 3, pp. 371-381.
guadrisulcata
Hambach, G[ustav]
1890. A preliminary catalogue of the fossils occurring in Missouri.
Geological Survey of Missouri, Bulletin 1, pp. 60-85.
crustula, marionensis, missouriensis, osagensis, subulata, sub-
carbonaria, triplicata
Hare, Sid. J.
1890. List of Kansas City fossils of the Upper Coal Measure. The
Naturalist (Kansas City), vol. 4, No. 10, pp. [1,2,3,6].
crustula
Harkness, R[obert]
1865. On the Lower Silurian rocks of the south-east of Cumberland and
the north-east of Westmoreland. Geological Society of London,
Quarterly Journal, vol. 21. pt. 1, No. 2, pp. 235-249, 3 figs.
elongata
Harper, Gleorge] W., and Bassler, R. S.
1896. Catalogue of the fossils of the Trenton and Cincinnati periods,
305 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON = 57
occurring in the vicinity of Cincinnati, O. Cincinnati. ix+ 34 pp.
formosa, quadrata, trentonensis
Harrington, Horacio J.
1942. A brief summary of the early Paleozoic formations and faunas of
Argentina. Eighth American Scientific Congress, Proceedings, vol.
IV, Geological Sciences, pp. 69-78.
ulrichana
Harris, Gilbert Dennison
1899. A key to the Upper Devonian of Southern New York designed for
teachers and students in secondary schools. Elementary Natural
History Series, No. 2, vit26 pp., 13 pl. Ithaca, N. Y.
congregata*
Hartnagel, C[hris] Alndrew]
1907. Geologic map of the Rochester and Ontario Beach quadrangles.
New York State Museum Bulletin 114, 35 pp.
niagarensis
Haswell, George C.
1865. On the Silurian formation in the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh. 47:
pp-, 4 pl. -
sowerbyi*
Hatch, F[rederick] H[enry], and Corstorphine, G. S.
1905. The geology of South Africa. London. xiv-+348 pp., 89 figs., maps.
africana*
Hauer, Franz von
1878. Die Geologie und ihre Anwendung auf die Kenntniss der Boden-
beschaffenheit der Osterr.-Ungar. Monarchie. 2 Auflage. Wien.
764 Pp., 689 figs.
exquisita*
Haug, Emile
1905. Sur les fossiles dévoniens de l’Ahenet occidental receuillis par
M. Noél Villatte. Paris. Académie des Sciences, Comptes rendus
hebdomadaires des séances, tome 141, liv. 23, pp. 970-972.
africana
1911. Traité de Géologie. II. Les Périodes géologiques. Fasc. 11/2.
Paris. pp. 539-1396, pl. 72-118, fig. 196-404.
pyramidata*
Haughton, S[idney] Hlenry]
1929. The Cape System, in Handbuch der Regionalen Geologie, Bd. 7,
Abt. 7a (Heft 27). The Union of South Africa. Pp. 120-126, fic.
30. Heidelberg.
africana, baini, ulrichana, quichua
1929a. Cape to Kimberley. International Geological Congress, Guide Book,
XV session, Excursion A.5., pt. 1, pp. 1-16, pl. 1-2.
gamkaensis
Haupt, Karl
1878. Die Fauna des Graptolithengesteines. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss
der Silurischen Sedimentargeschiebe der norddeutschen Tiefebene.
58 BULLETIN 145 306
Neues Lausitzisches Magazin, Bd. 54, Heft 1, pp. 29-113, pl. 1-s.
cancellata
Haworth, Erasmus
1895. Stratigraphy of the Kansas Coal Measures. American Journal of
Science, series 3, vol. 50, No. 300, pp. 452-466, pl. 9, map.
crustula
1896. Resume of the stratigraphy and correlations of the Carboniferous
formations. Kansas, University Geological Survey, vol. 1, pp.
145-194, pl. 22, fig. 7-8.
crustula
1898. Stratigraphy of the Kansas Coal Measures. Kansas, University
Geological Survey, vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. 9-105, pl. 1-20, 31, 3 figs.
crustula
Sic , and Bennett, John
1896. A geologic section from Baxter Springs to the Nebraska State
Line. WKansas, University Geological Survey, vol. 1, pp. 35-71,
pl. 2, fig. 2-3.
crustula
Hayasaka, Ichiro
1920. A new Species of Conularia from southern Kitakami, Japan.
Geological Society of Tokyo, Journal, vol. 27, No. 327, pp. 87-90,
figs.
RECTANGULARIS
[1924].Some Permian fossils from the Kitakami Mountains, Japanese
Journal of Geology and Geography, vol 2, No. 4, Transactions,
pp. 107-116, pl. 15. This number is dated 1923, but Hayasaka’s
paper is noted as received for publication in January 1924.
rectangularis
[1926]. On some brachiopods from the Lyttonia horizon of the Kitakami
Mountains. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, vol. 4,
No. 3/4, Transactions, pp. 89-103, pl. 5. This number is dated
1925, but Hayasaka’s paper is noted as received for publication in
May 1926.
rectangularis
Hayden, H[enry] H[ubert]
1904. The geology of Spiti, with parts of Bashahr and Rupshu. Geological
Survey of India, Memoirs, vol. 36, pt. 1, vit+119 pp., 18 pl., table.
quadrisulcata
Hayes, Albert Orion, and Johnson, Helgi
1938. Geology of the Bay St. George Carboniferous area. Newfoundland
Geological Survey, Bulletin 12, 62 pp., including 4 pl., 17 figs.,
maps.
planicosta
Hector, James
1886. Detailed catalogue and guide to the geological exhibits. Indian and
Colonial Exhibition, London, 1886, New Zealand Court. Welling-
ton. 98 pp., figs.
GRATA
Hede, J. Ernhold
1919. Djupborrningen vid Burgsvik pa Gottland 1915. Paleontologisk-
307. CoNuLARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON — 59
Stratigrafiska Resultat. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Avhand-
lingar och uppsatser, series C, No. 298 (Arsbok 13 (1919), N:o
7), 59 Pp., plate, map.
Ci¥sp.
1920. Gottlands silurstratigrafi. Sveriges Geologiska Undersékning, Av-
handlingar och uppsatser, series C, No. 305, 100 pp., figs.
laevis
Hedstrom, Herman [Oskar]
1910. The stratigraphy of the Silurian strata of the Visby district. Geo-
logiska Foreningens i Stockholm, Forhandlingar, Bd. 32, Hafte 5,
pp. 1455-1484, pl. 56-61, 5 figs. Reprinted as: The Silurian Strati-
graphy in the Neighbourhood of Visby. XI Geologorum Conventus
[Guide Book] 20, 30 pp., 6 pl., 5 figs.
cancellata, laevis, bilineata
Hefter, Jos.
1937. Faunen aus Oberkoblenzschichten (Unterdevon) der Umgebung von
Koblenz. Preussische geologische Landesanstalt zu Berlin, Jahrbuch,
Bd. 57, Heft 1, pp. 146-150.
subparallela
Heidenhain, F[ranz]
1869. Ueber Graptolithen fiihrende Diluvial-Geschiebe der norddeutschen
Ebene. Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Zeitschrift, Bd. 21, Heft
I, Ppp. 143-182, pl. 1.
cancellata
Henwood, William Jory
1841. A brief note to accompany a series of specimens from Lockport,
near Niagara, in the State of New York. Geological Society of
London, Proceedings, vol. 3, pt. 2, No. 80, pp. 453-454.
@aisp:
Hérault, [Alexandre G.]
1825. Extrait d'un mémoire sur les terrains du département du Calvados.
Académie royale des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Caen, Mémo-
ires, pp. 51-85, 257-258.
Casp:
Hermite, Henri
1878. Etude préliminaire du terrain silurien des environs d’ Angers.
Société géologique de France, Bulletin, série 3, tome 6, pp. 531-543,
fig.
nobilis
Hernandez Sampelayo, Primitivo
1915. Fosiles de Galicia. Nota sobra la fauna paleozoica de la provincia
de Lugo. Instituto geologico de Espana, Boletim, tomo 36 (serie 2,
tomo 16), pp. 277-305, pl. 12-19.
anomala
Herpers, Henry
1949. A new conularid from the Esopus formation, Sussex County, New
Jersey. New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic
Development, Miscellaneous Geological Paper, 7 pp., 2 pl. This
“
60 BULLETIN 145 308
paper was issued in 1951, without change in format or pagina-
tion, as part of Bulletin 60, Geological Series.
SUSSEXENSIS
1950. An Onondagan faunule in New Jersery. Journal of Paleontology,
vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 617-619, fig.
gaspesia
Herrick, C[larence] L[uther]
1887. Sketch of the geological history of Licking County. No. 2. Addi-
tional fossils from Coal Measures at Flint Ridge. Denison Uni-
versity, Scientific Laboratories, Bulletin, vol. 2, pt. 2, pp. 144-148,
pl. 14.
newberryi*
1888. Geology of Licking County, Ohio. Parts IIT and IV. The Sub-
carboniferous and Waverly Groups. Denison University, Scienti-
fic Laboratories, Bulletin, vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. 13-110, pl. 1-12. Title
is marked “part IV”, but corrected in a list of errata.
newberryi*, micronema*, byblis*
1888a. Geology of Licking County. IV. List of Waverly fossils, continued.
Denison University Bulletin, vol. 4, pts. 1/2, pp. 11-60, 97-123,
pl. 1-12.
victa*, micronema*, GRACILIS (=herricki)
1890. Additions and corrections to Miller’s North American palaeontol-
ogy. American Geologist, vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 253-255.
gracilis
1891. The Cuyahoga shale and the problem of the Ohio Waverly. Geo-
logical Society of America, Bulletin, vol. 2, pp. 31-48, pl. 1.
gracilis, micronema
CaSO Sie Caren upon the so-called Waverly group of Ohio. Geo-
logical Survey of Ohio, Report, vol. 7, pp. 495-515, pl. 14-24.
Although this volume was dated 1893, only the first 290 pages
appeared in that year (see p. xiv), and although on that page the
whole volume was said to be published in 1894, it had not yet
appeared in January 1895 (see p. 80a).
gracilis*, victa*, newberryi*, micronema*
shorstal ea ore , and Bendrat, T. A.
1900. Identification of an Ohio Coal Measures horizon in New Mexico.
American Geologist, vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 234-242.
C. sp. (Sandia Mts.)
Herrmannsen, A[ugust] N[icolaus]
1846. Indicis generum malacozoorum primordia. Vol. 1. Cassellis. 637 pp.
Hessland, Ivar
1949. Investigations of the Lower Ordovician of the Siljan District,
Sweden. I. Lower Ordovician ostracods of the Siljan district,
Sweden. III. A Lower Ordovician Pseudoconularia from the Siljan
district. IV. Lithogenesis and changes of level in the Siljan dis-
trict during a period of the Lower Ordovician. University of
Upsala, Geological Institution, Bulletin, vol. 33, pp. 97-408, 26
plates; 429-436, 4 plates; 437-510, 14 plates.
DALECARLIAE
Hicks, Henry
1875. On the succession of the ancient rocks in the vicinity of St. David's;
309 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 61
Pembrokeshire, with special reference to those of the Arenig and
Llandeilo groups, and their fossil contents. Geological Society of
London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 31, pt. 2, pp. 167-195, pl. 8-11, table.
CAEREESIENSIS, LLANVIRNENSIS
Hignett, E. M.
1953. Field meeting at Welshpool. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Asso-
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C. sp. (Ludlovian)
Hind, Wheelton
1905. Notes on the palaeontology [of the marine beds in the Coal-Measures
of north Staffordshire]. Geological Society of London, Quarterly
Journal, vol. 61, pt. 3 (No. 243), pp. 527-546, pl. 35-36.
guadrisulcata
1910. Staffordshire, in, Geology in the Field, pp. 564-592, fig. ror-104.
London (The Geologists’ Association).
quadrisulcata
Hinds, Henry, and Greene, F. C.
1917. Leavenworth-Smithville Folio, Missouri-Kansas. United States
Geological Survey, Geological Atlas of the United States, No. 206,
13 pp., [1] pl., 11 figs., maps.
crustula
Hisinger, W[ilhelm von]
1828. Anteckningar i Physik och Geognosi under Resor uti Sverige och
Norrige. Fjerde Haftet. Stockholm. 258 pp., 9 pl.
quadrisulcata
1831. Esquisse d'un tableau des pétrifications de la Svéde. Nouvelle édition.
Stockholm. 43 pp., table.
quadrisulcata
1837. Lethaea Svecica seu Petrificata Sveciae, iconibus et characteribus
illustrata. Holmiae. 124 pp., 34 pl.
quadrisulcata*
1840. Anteckningar i Physik och Geognosie under Resor uti Sverige och
Norrige. Sjunde Haftet. Stockholm. 147 pp.
quadrisulcata
Hoeninghaus, F[riedrich] WL[ilhelm]
1830. Versuch einer geognostischen Eintheilung seiner Versteinerung-
Sammlung, mach Berathung der Herren Brongniart, Goldfuss,
Bronn, Cordier, Hausmann, von Leonhard, Noeggerath, und Dela-
béche’s Karte. Erster Theil. Jahrbuch ftir Mineralogie, usw..,
Jahrgang 1, pp. 226-245.
pyramidata, quadrisulcata, teres
1839. [Letter to K. C. von Leonhard.| Neues Jahrbuch fir Mineralogie,
usw., Jahrgang 1839, pp. 70-71.
quadrisulcata
Hoepen, Egbert Cornelius Nicolaus von
1910. De Bouw von het Silur van Gotland. Technische Hoogschool te
Delft, Proefschrift. xi+161 pp., 8 pl., 16 figs., map.
aspersa
62 BULLETIN 145 310
Hoernes, Rudolf
1884. Elemente der Palaeontologie (Palacozoologie). Leipzig. xvi+s594
pp., 672 figs.
simplex* -
Holl, Friedrich
1843. Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 3. Neue Ausgabe. Pp. 233-378.
Quedlinburg und Leipzig.
quadrisulcata
Holm, Gerhard [Edvard Johann]
1893. Sweriges Kambrisk-Siluriska Hyolithidae och Conulariidae.
Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Afhandlingar och uppsatser,
Series C., No. 112, ix-++172 pp., 6 pl., figs.
LINNARSSONI, KJERULFI, SCALARIS, OLANDICA, BOT-
TNICA, LINDSTROMI, PULCHELLA, TELUM, AURORA,
PECTINATA, laevis*, curta*, orthoceratophila*, cancellata*,
aspersa*, monile*, bilineata*
Holtedahl, Olaf
[1910.] Studien iiber die Etage 4 des norwegischen Silursystem beim
Mjosen. Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, Matematisk-naturvi-
denskapellig Klasse, Skrifter 1909, No. 7, iv+76 pp., 15 figs. Note
on p. 76 “Trykt 9 Marts 1910”.
pulchella
Holub, Karel
1908. Prispevek ku pozndni fauny - padsma Ddiy. Ceska akademie cisare
Frantiska Josefa pro Védy, slovesnost a uméni v Praze, Rozpravy,
Tr. II, Roé. 17, Gis. 10, 19 pp., plate. Abstract issued as: Beitrag
zur -Kenntnis der Bande Ddiy des mittelbohmischen Untersilurs,
Académie des Sciences de l’empéreur Francois Joseph I, Bulletin
international (Classe des sciences mathématiques et naturelles et
de la médécine), année 13, 8 pp., plate (1909).
bohemica
1911. Nova fauna spodniho Siluru v okoli Rokycan. Ceska akademie
cisare Frantiska Josefa pro Védy, slovesnost a uméni v Praze, Roz-
pravy, Tr. IJ, Roé. 20, cis. 15, 19 pp., 2 pl. Abstract issued as:
Uber eine neue Fauna des Untersilurs in der Umgebung von
Rokycan. Académie des Sciences de l’empéreur Francois Joseph I,
Bulletin international (Classe des sciences mathématiques et natur-
elles de la médécine), année 16, pp. 20-23, 2 pl.
robusta, primula
1912. Dopliky ku fauné Eulomového horizontu v okoli Rokycan. Ceska
akademie cisafe Frantiska Josefa pro Védy, slovesnost a uméni v
Praze, Rozpravy, Tr. II, Roé. 21, ¢is. 33, 12 pp., plate. Abstract
issued as: Nachtrage zur Fauna des Euloma-Horizontes in der
Umgebung von Rokycan. Académie des sciences de l’empéreur’
Francois Joseph J, Bulletin international (Classe des sciences
mathématiques et naturelles, et de la médécine), annee 1912. 2
Pp-, (352-354), plate.
Casp:
Holzapfel, Eduard
1895. Das obere Mitteldevon (Schichten mit Stringocephalus Burtini
und Maeneceras terebratum) in Rheinischen Gebirge. WKoniglich
311 CoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 63
Preussische geologische Landesanstalt, Abhandlungen, n. F., Heft
16, 459 pp., 14 pl., plus 19 plates in Atlas.
deflexicosta
Honess, C[harles] WLilliam]
1924. Geology of southern Leflore and northwestern McCurtain counties,
Oklahoma. [Oklahoma] Bureau of Geology, Circular 3, 23 pp.,
including 5 pl., 2 figs., map.
crustula
Honeyman, D[avid]
1878. Nova Scotia geology, Precarboniferous, Lower Carboniferous, &c.,
retrospect, to 1859. Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science,
Proceedings and Transactions, vol. 4, pt. 4, pp. 439-487.
C. sp. (Arisaig)
Hosking, Lucy F. V.
1931. Fossils from the Wooramel district, Western Australia. Royal
Society of Western Australia, Journal, vol. 17, pp. 7-52, including
pl. 3-13, figs.
warthi*
1933. Fossils from the Wooramel district. Series two. Royal Society
of Western Australia, Journal, vol. 19, pp. 43-66, pl. 3-6.
warthi*
1933a. Correlation of Carboniferous and Permian rocks of Western Aus-
tralia. Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, Report of the 21st Meeting, pp. 456-460.
warthi
Houghton, Frederick
1914. The geology of Erie County. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences,
Bulletin, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 3-84, 45 figs., map, tables.
undulata
Houlbert, Constant
1934. Guide et catalogue descriptif du Musée d'Histoire naturelle de ia
ville de Rennes. Rennes. 51 pp., 8 pl., 12 figs.
plicosa, bohemica, pyramidata
Howell, Blenjamin] F[ranklin]
1942. New localities for fossils in the Devonian Esopus grit of Ulster
County, New York. New York State Museum, Bulletin 327, pp.
87-93, fig. 15.
ULSTERENSIS
1949. New hydrozoan and brachiopod and new genus of worms from
the Ordovician Schenectady formation of New York. Wagner
Free Institute of Science (Philadelphia), Bulletin, vol. 24, No. 1,
pp. 1-10, 2 pl.
multicosta*
1950. A new conularid from the Silurian Sodus formation of New York.
Wagner Free Institute of Science (Philadelphia), Bulletin, vol. 25,
No. 1, pp. 1-4, plate.
SINCLAIRI
Hubbard, Gleorge] D[avid], Stauffer, C. R., Bownocker, J[ohn] Al[dams],
Prosser, C. A. and Cumings, E. R.
1915. Columbus Folio, Ohio. United States Geological Survey, Geologi-
64 BULLETIN 145 312
cal Atlas of the United States, No. 197, 15 pp., 2 pl., ro figs., maps.
C. sp. (Bedford)
Huene, Friedrich von
1925. Die siidafrikanische Karroo-Formation als geologisches und faun-
istisches Lebensbild. Fortschritte der Geologie und Palaeontologie,
Heft 12, 124 pp., 50 figs., map.
C. sp. (Dwyka)
Hull, Edward
1877. On the upper limit of the essentially marine beds of the Carboni-
ferous Group of the British Isles and adjoining continental deposits ;
with suggestions for a fresh classification of the Carboniferous
Series. Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 33,
pt. 4 (No. 132), pp. 613-651, table.
quadrisulcata
1878. The physical geology and geography of Ireland. London and
Dublin. 291 pp., 26 figs., 2 maps.
elongata
Hume, Gleorge] S{herwood]
1921. Great Slave Lake area. Geological Survey of Canada, Summary
Report, 1920, pt. B, pp. 30B-36B.
[esclavensis ]
1926. Ordovician and Silurian fossils from Great Slave Lake. Geological
Survey of Canada, Bulletin 44 (Geological Series No. 46), pp.
59-64, pl. 12-13.
ESCLAVENSIS
Hundt, Rudolf
1941. Das Mitteldeutsche Phycodesmeer. Jena. 136 pp., 124 figs.
C. sp.
Hunt, T[homas] Sterry
1857. Report for the year 1853. Geological Survey of Canada, Report
of Progress for the years 1853-54-55-56, Pp. 347-371.
Analyses of tests of conularids.
1861. On some points in American geology. American Journal of Science,
series 2, vol. 31, No. 93, pp. 392-414.
Notes occurrence of conularids in coprolites.
Hunter, John R. S.
1867. Geology of the Carboniferous strata of Carluke. Edinburgh Geo-
logical Society, Transactions, vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 34-57, table.
quadrisulcata
1883. The geology and palaeontology of Bankend, Bellfield and Coal-
burn, Lesmahagow. Geological Society of Glasgow, Transactions,
vol. 7, pp. 143-157.
sulcata, quadrisulcata
Hussey, Riussell] C[laudius]
1926. The Richmond formation of Michigan. University of Michigan,
Museum of Geology, Contributions, vol. 2, No. 8, pp. 113-187, 11
pl., 12 figs.
noquettensis
1952. The Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks of Michigan. Michigan,
313 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 65
Geological Survey Division, Publication 46 (Geological Series 39),
89 pp., including ro pl., 11 figs.
trentonensis, latior
Ihering, Hermann von
1881. Die Aptychen als Beweismittel fiir die Dibranchiaten-Natur der
Ammoniten. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, usw., Jahrgang 1881,
Bd. 1, pp. 44-92, pl. 3-4, 2 figs.
Suggests conularids are cephalopods.
Isbister, A. K.
1855. On the geology of the Hudson’s Bay Territory, and of portions of
the Arctic and northwestern regions of America. Geological Society
of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 11, pt. 1, No. 4, pp. 497-520,
ple 14 Reprinted, without map: American Journal of Science,
series 2, vol. 21, No. 63, pp. 313-338, 1856.
C. sp. (Winnipeg)
Jack, Robert Llogan], and Etheridge, Robert, Jr.
1892. The geology and palaeontology of Queensland and New Guinea.
Brisbane and London. xxxi+768-+iv pp., 68 pl., atlas.
tenuistriata*
Jackson, J[echn] Wilfrid
1925. On the occurrence of Conularia in the Carboniferous Limestone of
North Wales. Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society,
Memoirs and Proceedings, vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 53-56.
tenuis
Jacob, K[unien]
1952. A brief summary of the stratigraphy and paleontology of the
Gondwana System, with notes on the structure of the Gondwana
basins and the probable direction of movement of the late Carbon-
iferous ice sheets. XIXe Congrés géologique international. Sym-
posium sur les Séries de Gondwana, pp. 153-174, 4 figs.
laevigata, cya rt salaria, punjabica
Jaekel, Otto [Max Johannes]
[1890]. Ueber das Alter des sogen. Graptolithen-Gesteins mit besonderer
Beriicksichtgung der in demselben enthaltenen Graptolithen. Deut-
sche geologische Gesellschaft, Zeitschrift, Bd. 41, Heft 4, pp. 653-
716, pl. 28-29, 7 figs. The title page of this Band is dated 1889,
but that of Heft 4 bears the date 1890.
sowerbyi*, deflexicosta*
1899. Stammegeschichte der Pelmatozoen, 1. Bd. Thecoidea und Cystoidea.
Berlin. x-+441 pp., 18 pl., 88 figs.
Notes conularids as hosts to edrioasterids.
1902. [Thesen iiber die Organisation und Lebenweise ausgestorbener
Cephalopoden, nebst Discussion.| Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft,
Zeitschrift, Bd. 54, pp. 67-101, 8 figs.
See Ruedemann 1903.
1903. Besprechung einer Schrift von Ph. Pocta: Uber die Anfangskammer
der Gattung Orthoceras Breyn. Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft,
Monatshriftberichte, 1903 (Bd. 55, Heft 4), pp. 67-69.
Jahn, Jaroslav JL[iljil
1894. Neues Thierreste aus dem bihmischen Silur. [Austria] Kaiserlich-
66 BULLETIN 145 314
koniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, Jahrbuch 1894, Bd. 44,
Heft 2, pp. 381-388 (1-8), pl. 7.
anomala*
1903. Geologische Exkursionen im dlteren Paldozoikum Mittelbihmens.
IX. Internationalen Geologen-Kongress. 45 pp., 10 figs.
anomala, solitaria, proteica, fragilis
James, Joseph F[rancis]
1890. On the Maquoketa shales, and their correlation with the Cin-
cinnati group of southwestern Ohio. American Geologist, vol. 5,
No. 6, pp. 335-356, fig.
trentonensis
James, Ul[riah] PlLierson]
1871. Catalogue of the Lower Silurian fossils, Cincinnati group, found
at Cincinnati and vicinity - within a range of forty or fifty miles.
Cincinnati. 14 pp.
papillata, trentonensis
1875. Catalogue of Lower Silurian fossils of the Cincinnati group. Found
at Cincinnati and vicinity - within a circuit of 40 or 50 miles. New
edition, much enlarged. With descriptions of some new species of
corals and Polyzoa. Cincinnati. 8 pp.
papillata, trentonensis
1879. Supplement to catalogue of Lower Silurian fossils of the Cincinnati
group. The Paleontologist (Cincinnati), No. 4, pp. 29-32.
formosa
Jameson, Robert
1836. Fossil fishes. American Journal of Science, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 33-53.
Reprinted from the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, but we
have not seen it in that form.
quadrisulcata
Janisevski, M. E. (M. 9. AunmescKnit)
1935. Onucanue Haynbt ocnosanun yelenocnot mommu KYsHeYyKo2o daccetna.
Leningrad State University of the Name of A. S. Boubnoff, Annals,
volume 1, Series of Geology, Soil Science and Geography, issue I.
The Earth’s Crust. Pp. 53-76, 6 pl.
Ci sp:*
Jchnson, Jesse Harlan
1934. Paleozoic formations of the Mosquito Range, Colorado. United
States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 185 B, pp. 13-43, 7
pl., fig. 2.
crustula
Johnston, Rob[er]t Ml[ackenzie]
1887. Contribution to the palaeontology of the Upper Palaeozoic rocks
of Tasmania. Royal Society of Tasmania, Papers and Proceedings
for 1886, pp. 4-18.
DERWENTENSIS, laevigata*
1888. Systematic account of the geology of Tasmania. Hobart. 408 pp.,
57 pl.
TASMANICA (= derwentensis), tenuistriata*, homfrayi, inor-
nata, forta, laevigata, quadrisulcata
315 CoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 67
Jenes, I[slwyn] WLinwaloc]
1931. The Lesseps Area, Gaspé Peninsula. Quebec Bureau of Mines,
Annual Report, 1930, pt. D, pp. 195-226, 4 pl. Also issued in a
French edition, paged 217-250.
Caesp:
Jones, Jeanette
1931. Notes on the late Ordovician strata of the Green Bay-Lake Win-
nebago region. Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters,
Transactions, vol. 26, pp. 121-126.
Cesp:
Jones, Paul M.
1892. The geology of Nashville and immediate vicinity. Nashville. 56
pp., map. _
gattingeri
Jones, T[homas] Rupert, and Woodward, H[enrly
1893. On some Palaeozoic phyllopodous and other fossils. Geological
Magazine, n.s., decade 3, vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 198-203, pl. ro.
Caispst
Jukes, JLoseph] Beete
1858. The iron ores of Great Britain. Part III. The iron ores of South
Staffordshire. Geological Survey of Great Britain, Memoirs, 164 pp.
quadrisulcata
Kassin, N. (H. ©. Kaccuu)
1931. Kpamnutt eeonoeuuecnutt ouepr cesepo-eocmounoeo Hasaxcmana.
Geological sketch of the north-eastern Kazakstan. U.S.S.R., United
Geological and Prospecting Service, Transactions, fasc. 165, 77 pp.,
map.
inequicostata
1931a. OOMman ceono2euueckad kapma Kasaxemana. Onucanue OanH-ayabcKoro u
BepxHe-WhtepTuUAHcKO!oO IUMCTOB.
General geological map of the Kazakstan. Description of the Baian-
Aul and Upper Chiderta sheets. U.S.S.R., Geological and Pros-
pecting Service, Transactions, fasc. 110, 260 pp., 3 pl., figs. 1-15.
inequicostata
Katzer, Friedrich
1892. Geologie von Bihmen. Der geognostische Aufbau und die geolo-
gische Entwickelung des Landes. Mit besondrer Beriicksichtigung
der Erzvorkommen und der verwendbaren Minerale und Gesteine.
Prag. xxii+1606 pp., 1068 figs., 4 portraits, maps.
consobrina*, bohemica*, nobilis*, grandissima*, fecunda*, anom-
ala*, exquisita*, proteica*
1903. Grundzuge der Geologie des wunteren Amazonasgebietes (des
Staates Para in Brasilien). Leipzig. 296 pp., 261 figs., 4 portraits,
map.
amazonica*
Kay, Gleorge] Marshall
1929. Stratigraphy of the Decorah formation. Journal of Geology (Chi-
cago), vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 639-671, 12 figs. Also issued, with same
68
1933:
1935-
1942.
1944.
1953.
BULLETIN 145 316
pagination, as: Columbia University, Department of Geology, Con-
tributions, vol. 42, No. 4.
granulata, trentonensis
The Ordovician Trenton group in northwestern New York. Strati-
graphy of the lower and upper limestone formations. American
Journal of Science, series 5, vol. 26, No. 151, pp. 1-15, 7 figs. Also
issued, with same pagination, as: Columbia University, Department
of Geology, Contributions, vol. 47, No. 16.
trentonensis
Ordovician Stewartville-Dubuque problems. Journal of Geology
(Chicago), vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 561-590, 10 figs.
trentonensis
Ottawa-Bonnechere graben and Lake Ontario homocline. Geological
Society of America, Bulletin, vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 585-646, 7 pl., 7
figs.
C. sp. (Trenton)
Middle Ordovician of central Pennsylvania. Part II. Later Mo-
hawkian (Trenton) formations. Journal of Geology (Chicago),
vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 97-116, figs. 11-18.
ulrichi
Geology of the Utica Quadrangle, New York. With a chapter on
the Silurian System by W. L. Grossman Ph. D. New York State
Museum, Bulletin No. 347, 126 pp., including 66 figs., maps.
trentonensis, gracilis, papillata
Kayser, Friedrich Heinrich Emanuel
1871.
1878.
1897.
1908.
Studien aus dem Gebiete des Rheinischen Devon. II, Die devon-
ischen Bildungen der Eifel. Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft,
Zeitschrift, Bd. 23, Heft 2, pp. 289-376, pl. 6.
gerolsteinensis
Die Fauna der altesten Devon-Ablagerungen des Harzes. Geo-
logische Spezialkarte von Preussen und den Thiringischen Staaten,
Abhandlungen, Bd. 2, Heft 4, xxiiit296 pp., 36 plates in Atlas.
aliena*
Beitrage zur Kenntniss einiger paldozischer Faunen Sitid-A merikas.
Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Zeitschrift, Bd. 49, Heft 2, pp.
274-317, pl. 7-12, fig.
quichua*
Lehrbuch der geologischen Formationskunde. 3 Auflage. Stutt-
gart. 741 pp., figs.
exquisita*
Kegel, Wilhelm
1926.
Unterdevon von bihmischen Facies (Steinberger Kalk) in der
Lindener Mark bei Giessen. Preussische geologische Landes-
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HUMMELI
Kelly, John
1855.
1860.
On localities of fossils from the Carboniferous limestone of Ireland.
Geological Society of Dublin, Journal, vol. 7, pt. 1, pp. 1-62.
quadrisulcata
On the graywacke rocks of Ireland, as compared with those of
England. Geological Society of Dublin, Journal, vol. 8, pp. 251-333,
pl 22:
elongata, sowerbyi, subtilis
317. CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 69
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1930. Lower Pennsylvanian faunas from Michigan. Journal of Paleon-
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C. sp.
1933. Pennsylvanian stratigraphy near Grand Ledge, Michigan. Journal
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C. sp.
1936. The Pennsylvanian system of Michigan. Michigan Geological
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pp. 149-226, 6 pl., 10 figs.
Cy sp:
Kerforne, Fernand
1893. Note sur l’'Ordovicien de May-sur-Orne (Calvados). Société des
sciences et de la médécine de |’Ouest, Bulletin, sérié 2, tome 2,
pp. 112-116. Abstract by L. BLureau]: Société des sciences naturelles
de l’Ouest de la France, Bulletin, tome 3, extraits et analyses, p. 67.
pyramidata
1896. Faune des Schistes et Calcaires coblenziens de TIlle-et-Vilaine.
Société des sciences et de la médécine de |’Ouest, Bulletin, série 2,
tome 5, pp. 209-240. Abstract by L. Davy: Société des sciences
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gervillei
Kettner, Radim, and Bouéek, Bedrich
1936. Tableaux synoptiques des formations du barrandien. Université
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1894. Paleontology of Missouri (part I). Missouri Geological Survey,
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marionensis, Missouriensis, osagensis, subulata, crustula
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marionensis*, triplicata*, osagensis*, subcarbonaria*, missouri-
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5 OOS Oe , and Rowley, Rlobert] RlLoswell]
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Kiaer, Johan [Aschehong]
1901. Etage 5 i Asker ved Kristiania. Studier over den norske Mellem-
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cancellata
Kiderlen, Helmut
1933. Conularia schloppensis aus dem Mittelcambrium des Frankenwalds
ist ein Arthopodentelson (Oxyprymna n. g.). Centralblatt fiir Min-
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1937. Die Conularien. Uber Bau und Leben der ersten Scyphozoa. Neues
Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, usw., Beil.-Bd. 77, Abt. B, pp. 113-169,
47 figs.
70 BULLETIN 145 318
Kindelan, Vicente
1918. Criaderos de hierro de las provincias de Guadalajara y Teruel.
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Kindle, Edward Martin]
1896. The relation of the fauna of the Ithaca group to the faunas of the
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congregata
1898. A catalogue of the fossils of Indiana, accompanied by a _ biblio-
graphy of the literature relating to them. Indiana Department of
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1901. The Devonian fossils and stratigraphy of Indiana. Indiana De-
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C.) sp:
1908. Geologic reconnaissance of the Porcupine Valley, Alaska. Geo-
logical Society of America, Bulletin, vol. 19, pp. 315-338, fig.
C. sp. (Carboniferous)
1912. The Onondaga fauna of the Allegheny region. United States
Geological Survey, Bulletin 508, 144 pp., 13 pl.
undulata
Hac ae taker , and Barnett, Viictor] H.
1909. The stratigraphic and faunal relations of the Waldron fauna in
southern Indiana. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural
Resources, 33rd Annual Report, pp. 393-416.
infrequens
mae cee eeyereoe ; and Taylor, Frank B.
1913. Niagara Folio, New York. United States Geological Survey, Geo-
logical Atlas of the United States, No. 190, 26 pp., 3 pl., 16 figs.,
maps. Also issued in Field edition, 1914, 184 pp., 25 pl., 16 figs.,
maps.
niagarensis
King, William Bernard Robinscn
1923. The Upper Ordovician rocks of the south-western Berwyn Hills.
Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 79, pt. 4
(No. 316), pp. 487-507, pl. 26.
planiseptata
1928. The geology of the district around Meifod (Montgomeryshire).
Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, vol. 84, pt. 4
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planiseptata, vesicularis, hispida
Kirkby, James WlLalker]
1888. On the occurrence of marine fossils in the Coal-Measures of Fife.
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guadrisulcata
319 CoONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 71
Kjerulf, Theodor
1865. Veiviser ved geologiscke Excursioner i Christiania Omegn. Kon-
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sowerbyi, elongata
1879. Udsigt over det sydlige Norges Geologi. Christiania. 262 pp., figs.
Atlas, 39 pl., map.
sowerbyi
1880. Die Geologie des siidlichen und mittleren Norwegens. Deutsche
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sowerbyi
Kloden, Karl Friedrich von
1834. Die Versteinerungen der Mark Brandenburg, inbesonderheit die-
jenigen, welche sich in den Rollsteinen und Bloken der siidbaltischen
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Kloucek, Celda
1913. O geologickem horizontu rudntho loziska na Karyzkun. Ceska
akademie cisare FrantiSka Josefa pro védy, slovesnost a uméni v
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Bulletin international (Classe des sciences mathématiques et
naturelles, et de la médecine), Année 18, pp. 89-93, plate. Also
separately, pp. 1-5, plate.
imperialis
1917. Nowinky z kruinohoskych vurstev -dl& (Cast III). Ceska akademie
cisare Frantiska Josefa pro védy, slovesnost a uméni v Praze. Roz-
pravy, Tr. II, Roé. 26, Gis. 42, 4 pp.
robusta
1924. Nowvé zprdvy z verstev komarovskych dg (Ddiz). Statniho geo-
logickeho Ustavu Ceskoslovenské Republiky, Sbornik, Roé. 1924,
svag. IV., pp. 199-204.
robusta
1925. Nové objevy ve urstvdch Krusinohorskych -d& (Cast II). Ceska ak-
ademie véd a uméni v Praze. Rozpravy, Tr. II, Roé. 34, Cis. 30,
3 PP.
@esp:
1926. O fauné vrstev Krusinohorskych -d® Statniho geologickeho Ustavu
Ceskoslovenské Republiky, Véstnik, Roé. 2, €is. 4-6, pp. 190-194.
Caasp:
Knight, JLames] Brookes
1937. Conchopeltis Walcott, an Ordovician genus of the Conulariida.
Journal of Paleontology, vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 186-188, pl. 29.
Suggests conularids are scyphozoans.
1940. [Review of Boucek 1939.| Journal of Paleontology, vol. 14, No. 4, p.
389.
1941. Paleozoic gastropod genotypes. Geological Society of America, Spe-
cial Paper 32, vits51o pp., 96 pl., 32 figs.
Knod, Reinhold
1908. Devonische Faunen Boliviens. (Beitrage zur Geologie und Paldon-
tologie von Siidamerika, XIV.) Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie,
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acuta*, quichua*, undulata*, africana*
Knott, W. T.
[1885.] Report on the geology of Marion County. Geological Survey of
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micronema, newberryi, subcarbonaria, crawfordsvillensis
Kobayashi, Teiichi
1930. Ordovician fossils from Korea and south Manchuria. Part Il. On
the Bantatsu Beds of the Ordovician Age. Japanese Journal of
Geology and Geography, vol. 7, No. 3-4, Transactions, pp. 75-100,
pl. 8-11.
Cyispe*
1939. [Abstract of Sugiyama 1938.] Japanese Journal of Geology and
Geography, vol. 16, Abstracts, p. 67.
Kodym, Odolen, Boucek, Bedrich and Sulc, Jaroslav
1931. Privodce ku geologické exkursi do okoli Berouna, Konéprus a
Budnan. Guide to the geological excursion to the neighbourhood
of Beroun, Konéprusy and Budnany. Statniho geologického ustavu
Ceskoslovenské Republiky, Knihoyna, Svazek 15. 83 pp., 8 pl., fig.
proteica, sosia
Be ee , and Koliha, Jan
1928. Privodze ku geologické exkursi do tdoli radotinského a do Pridoli.
Excursion géologique dans la vallée de Radotin et a Pridoli. Stat-
niho geologického ustavu Ceskoslovenské Republiky, Véstnik, Roé. 4,
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rrobilis, modesta
Koken, Ernst [Friedrich Rudolph Karl]
1893. Die Vorwelt und ihre Entwickelungsgeschichte. Leipzig. viit654
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orthoceratophila*
Koliha, Jan
1938. Sur le Trémadocien et sur lArénigien inférieur en Bohéme. Soci-
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Koninck, Llaurent] G[uillaume] de
1844. Description des animaux fossiles qui se trouve dans le terrain
carbonifére de Belgique. Liége, Paris et Bonn. iv+6s50 pp., pl.
A-H, 1-55 in Atlas. This work is dated 1842-1844, and ap-
peared from 1841 to 1844. According to Sherborn (1922, p. Ixxv)
pages 481-632, which concern us, were published in 1844.
IRREGULARIS
1876. Recherches sur les fossiles paléozoique de la Nouvelles-Galles du
Sud (Australie.) Parties I ct 2. This paper appeared as: Société
royale des sciences de Liége, Mémoires, série 2, tome 6, No. 2,
140 pp., 4 pl., in 1877 but had already been published (privately ?),
since a copy was presented to the Académie royale de Belgique on
May 9g, 1876. (See: Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et
des beaux-arts de Belgique, Bulletin, série 2, tome 41, pp. 919-920).
321 CoNuLARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON = 73
It was reviewed in the American Journal of Science in February
1877 (series 3, volume 13, pp. 158-159).
sowerbyi*
1877. Recherches sur les fossiles paléozoiques de la Nouvelle-Galles du
Sud (Australie). Partie 3. Société royale des sciences de Liége, Me-
moires, série 2, tome 7, No. 1. 235 pp., pl. 5-24. This memoir is
dated 1878 but, as with the previous parts, the paper had been
published the previous year. A copy was given to the Académie
royale on November 10, 1877 (see their Bulletin, série 2, tome 44,
Pp. 454).
tenuistriata*, quadrisulcata*, laevigata*, inornata*
1882. Sur quelques céphalopodes nouveaux du Calcaire carbonifére de
l'Irelande. Société géologique de Belgique, Annales, tome 9, Mé-
moires, pp. 50-60, 2 pl. Also issued separately, paged 1-13.
FORMOSA
1883. Faune du Calcaire Carbonifere de la Belgique. Partie 4. Gastéro-
podes (suite et fin). Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique,
Annales, tome 8, 240 pp., 54 pl. (in two volumes).
irregularis*, INAEQUICOSTATA
1898. Descriptions of the Palaeozoic fossils of New South Wales (Aus-
tralia), translated by T. W. Edgeworth David, Mrs. David and
W. S. Dun. New South Wales, Memoirs of the Geological Sur-
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Korn, Hermann
1929. Fossile Gashlasenbahnen aus dem Thiiringen Palaeozoikum, Eine
neue Deutung von Dictyodora. Zeitschrift fir Naturwissenschaften,
Bd. 89, Heft 2, pp. 25-46, figs.
reticulata*
Kowalski, Jloseph]
1935. Les Conulaires. Quelques observations sur leur structure anatom-
tique. Société des sciences naturelles de l'Ouest de la France, Bul-
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pyramidata*, plicosa*
Kozjowski, Roman
1913. Fossiles Dévoniens de l’Etat de Parana (Brésil). Annales de Palé-
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Cysps
1923. Faune Dévonienne de Bolivie. Annales de Paléontologie, tome 12,
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africana*, STRIATULA, baini*, quichua*, ulrichana*
Krasnopolsky, A. (A. KpacHonoJbpckuh)
1904. Teouoeuuecnitt ouepxo oxpecmnocmet Jlemesunckazo sa60da.
Recherches géologiques dans les alentours de lusine Lemesinsky
(arrondissement minier dOufa). Russia, Comité géologique, Mé-
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C. sp. (Carboniferous)
Kraus, E[rnst]
1934. Die Gliederung des baltisch-russischen Altrotsandsteins. Deut-
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234, pl. 16-17, 5 figs.
[latviensis |
74 BULLETIN 145 322
Krause, Aurel
1877. Die Fauna der sogen. Beyrichien- oder Choneten-Kalke des nord-
deutschen Diluviums. Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Zeit-
schrift, Bd. 29, Heft 1, pp. 1-49, plate. Also issued as: Inaugural-
Dissertation, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Berlin. 48 pp.
LANCEOLATA
Krejci, Jian], and Helmhacker, R.
1879. Erlduterungen zur geologischen Karte der Umgebung von Prag.
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‘grandissima, fecunda.
Krishnan, M. S.
1949. Geology of India and Burma. Madras. xiv-+544 pp., illus.
warthi*
Kruger, Johann Friedrich
1825. Uraveltliche Naturgeschichte der organischen Reiche. ‘Teil I.
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quadrisulcata, teres
Kuhleman, Milton H[enry]
1951. Mississippian and Lower Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of portions of
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crustula
Kuhn, Oskar
1949. Lehrbuch der Paldozoologie. Stuttgart. v+326 pp., 244 figs.
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1927. Den nyupptackta osterjokalken i Lumparfjdrden, in, B. Asklund
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Kiimmel, Henry Barnard, and Weller, Stuart
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Ladd, Harry Stephen
1929. The stratigraphy and paleontology of the Maquoketa shale of
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Lake, Phillip, and Groom, Theo. T.
1893. The Llandovery and associated rocks of the neighbourhood of
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Lamansky, W. (B. B. JiamaHcKHi)
1905. Jlpesnrtuie elou cusypitichuxds omsoncenit Pocciu.
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Lamont, Archie
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1946. Largest British Conularia. Quarry Managers’ Journal, vol. 29,
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MEGISTA
1947. Gala-Tarannon beds in the Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh. Geo-
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Lamouche, (Lt.-Colonel)
1925. Fossiles caractéristiques, préface de M. Ch. Barrois. Fasc. 1. Ter-
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1903. Geology of the Isle of Man with petrological notes by Prof. W. W.
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1883. Traité de Géologie. Paris. 1280 pp., figs.
pyramidata*
Lapworth, Charles
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sowerbyi
1882. The Girvan succession. Part I. Stratigraphy. Geological Society
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1912. Note on a new type of aperture in Conularia. Royal Society of
76 BULLETIN 145 324
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laevigata*
La Touche, J[ames] D[igues]
1884. A handbook of the geology of Shropshire. London and Shrews-
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Laverdiére, Joseph] WLillie]
1935. Le paléozoique de la région de Deschambault, comté de Portneuf.
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1938. Région de la riviere Sainte-Anne, comté de Portneuf. Service des
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Lawson, Andrew Clowper]
[1914.] The Archaean geology of Rainy Lake re-studied. Geological Sur-
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Lebour, Gleorge] Al[lexander]
1875. On the “Great’ and “Four-fathom” limestones and their associ-
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1878. Outlines of the geology of Northumberland. Newcastle-upon-
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Lecointre, Gleorges], and Gigout, M.
1950. Carte géologique provisoire des environs de Casablanca au
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coronata
Le Conte, Joseph
1878. Elements of geology. New York. xiii+588 pp., 903 figs.
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325 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 77
Lee, Gabriel WlLarton]
1910. In, B. N. Peach et al.: Geology of the neighourhood of Edinburgh.
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sowerbyi, quadrisulcata
Lee, Willis Tihomas], and Girty, George H.
1909. The Manzano group of the Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico.
United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 389, 141 pp., 12 pl., 9 figs.
C. sp. (Magdalena formation)
Leme, Alberto Betim Paes
1924. Evolucao de estructura de terra e geologia do Brasil visitas at-
traves das colleccoes do Museu Nacional. Rio de Janeiro. 368 pp.
C. sp. (Vira-Mundo)
Leonhard, Gustav
1844. Ueber die alteren oder Paldozoischen Gebilde im Norden won
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brongniarti, gervillei, gerolsteinensis, ornata
Lepsius, Richard
1887. Geologie von Deutschland und den angrenzenden Gebieten. Bd. 1.
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subparallela
Leriche, M[aurilce
1912. Lamellibranches, Gastéropodes, Ptéropodes (Conularida), Ostra-
codes, et Mérostomes, in, J. Gosselet et al.: Description de la faune
Siluro-Dévonienne de _ Liévin. Société géologique du Nord,
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quadrisulcata*
Lesley, Jloseph] Pl[eter]
1885. Letter of transmittal, in, E. W. Claypole: A preliminary report
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continens
1889. A dictionary of the fossils of Pennsylvania and neighboring states
named in the reports and catalogues of the survey. Pennsylvania
Geological Survey, Report P 4, volume 1, pp. xiv-+437-+xxxi, figs.
continens*, gracilis*, granulata*, hudsoni*, papillata*, plani-
costata*, quadrisulcata*, subulata*, trentonensis*
1892. A summary description of the geology of Pennsylvania. Pennsyl-
vania Geological Survey, Final Report, volumes 1 and 2, xix-+xxv
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sulcata*.
1895. A summary description of the geology of Pennsylvania. Pennsyl-
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Letellier,
1888. Etudes géologiques sur les deux cantons d’Alencon. Société linné-
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1890. The “Lithographic Limestone” a lower Division of the Kinder-
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Co sp:
1908. The geology of Pike County. Missouri Bureau of Geology and
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Cisp:*
Roxo, Mathies GLencalves] de Oliviera
1943. Geologia do Brasil. Ed. 2. Brasil, Servico de informac¢ao agricola,
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africana*, ulrichana*
Roy, Sharat Kumar
1935. A new Niagaran Conularia. Field Museum of Natural History
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MANNI
1941. The Upper Ordovician fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land. Field
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146 figs.
trentonensis, asperata
Baia ede None y Me » and Croneis, Carey
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sowerbyt
355 CoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 107
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1939:
Geology of the southern central lowlands and Ouachita Provinces.
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MULTICOSTA
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The paleontology of arrested evolution. New York State Museum,
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Paleontologic contributions from the New York State Museum.
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papillata, gracilis, trentonensis
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trentonensis
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PERGLABRA
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papillata, granulata, trentonensis
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hudsoni*, LATIOR, granulata*
1929. Fossils from the Permian tillite of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and their
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1930. Geology of the Capital district (Albany, Cohoes, Troy and Sche-
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Ryckholt, [Philippe Francois Joseph Adrien de Bounam], Baron de
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1913. Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Alexandrian Series in Illinois
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Schmitt, Joseph
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pyramidalis, huntiana, lata, undulata
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trentonensis
1927. The Pennsylvanian-Permian systems of western Texas. American
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1935. Correlations of the more important marine Permian sequences. Ge-
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[ parroquetensis |
1905. Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of fossils, minerals,
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Schwartz, GLeorge] Mlelvin]
1936. Geology of the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area. Minne-
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Schwarz, Ernest H[ubert] L[ewis]
1906. South African Paleozoic fossils. Albany Museum, Records, vol. 1,
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africana*, PINCHINIANA
1906a. Geological Survey of the divisions of Tulbagh, Ceres and Wor-
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quichua, undulata
1912. South African geology. London. 200 pp., illus.
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Schwarzbach, Martin
1949. Die Fauna des Bug-Karbons, ihre stratigraphische und paldogco-
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Csp;*
Scott, William Berryman
1932. An introduction to geology. Third edition. Volume 2. Historical
Geology. New York. vii+485 pp., 389 figs.
trentonensis*
Seemann, Fritz
1907. Das mittelbohmische Obersilur- und Devongebiet siidwestlich der
Beraun. Beitrage zur Palaontologie und Geologie Osterreich-Un-
114 BULLETIN 145 362
garns und des Orients, Bd. 20, Heft 2/3, 46 pp. (69-114), 2 pl.
(9-16); thie eau
aliena, fragilis, invertens, proteica, simplex
Sharpe, Daniel
1856. Descriptions of Palaeozoic Mollusca from South Africa. Geologi-
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AFRICANA
Shaw, E[ugene] Wlesley]
1937. The Guelph and Eramosa formations of the Ontario Peninsula.
Royal Canadian Institute, Transactions, vol. 21, pt. 2 (No. 46), pp.
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rugosa, niagarensis
Sherborn, Charles Davies (Carolo Davies)
1922-1931. Index animalium sive Index nominum quae ab A. D. MDCC-
LVI generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. Sectio se-
cunda, a kalendis ianuariis, MDCCCI usque ad finem decembris
MDCCCL. London. 6808 pp. in 27 parts.
Notes 39 species.
Sarteoade , and Blake, J. F.
1902. List of types and figured specimens in the collection of the Geolo-
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africana
Sherlock, R[cbert] Llionel]
[1948.] The Permo-Triassic formations. A World review. London. 367
pp., 15 figs., frontispiece.
laevigata, tenuistriata
Shideler, WLilliam] H[fenry]
1914. The upper Richmond beds of the Cincinnati group. Ohio Natural-
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C.asp:
Shimer, Hervey Woodburn
1905. Upper Siluric and Lower Devonic faunas of Trilobite Mountain,
Orange County, New York. New York State Museum, Bulletin 80
(Paleontology 1o) (New York State Education Department Bul-
letin 330), pp. 173-269, 4 pl., 10 figs. Also issued separately, with
the same pagination, and dated 1904. This separate publication
was real, and the issue bears a price (20 cents) but does not seem
to bear a correct date, since the printers’ mark “Ja 5” shows that
it did not appear until 1905.
JERVISENSIS
1926. Upper Paleozoic faunas of the Lake Minnewanka section, near
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ALTERNISTRIATA
Free Ganteyneeie , and Schrock, Robert R.
1944. Index fossils of North America. New York and London. ix+837
pp., including 303 pl.
trentonensis*, niagarensis*, huntiana*, undulata*, missouriensis*,
crustula*, ulrichi*
363 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 115
Shrock, Robert Rlakes], and Twenhofel, William H.
1953. Invertebrate paleontology. New York. xx+816 pp, illus. A re-
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[ fecunda*]
Shvetzov, M. S. (M. C. lLllBpenos)
1932. Odmaan 2eonoeuueckan Kkapma Heponeticvot uacmu CCCP. JIlucm 58. Ceé6e-
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General geological map of the European part of US.S.R., Sheet
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Sinclair, Gleorge] Winston
1940. The genotype of Conularia. Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 54,
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PARACONULARIA
1940a. A discussion of the genus Metaconularia with descriptions of new
species. Royal Society of Canada, Section IV, Transactions, series
3, vol. 34, pp. 101-121, 3. pl. Abstract, Proceedings, p. 155.
parroquetensis*, heymani*, ulrichi*, DUBIA, papillata*, CAL-
DERI, delicatula*, GIBRALTARENSIS, multipuncta*, NUDA,
manni*, aspersa*, perglabra*, bilineata*, punctata*, solitaria*,
longistriata*,
1941. Notes on Pseudoconularia and P. magnifica (Spencer). Royal Soci-
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magnifica*
1942. A new species of Conularia from Gaspé. Naturaliste Canadien,
vol. 69, No. 6/7, pp. 158-160, fig.
GASPESIA
1942a. The Chazy Conularida and their congeners. Carnegie Museum
(Pittsburgh), Annals, vol. 29, article 10, pp. 219-240, 3 pl.
CONULARINA ttriangulata*, UNDOSA, IRRASA, RAYMON-
DI, NARRAWAYI; CLIMACOCONUS quadratus*, RALLUS,
HUMILIS, CLARKI, BROMIDUS, batteryensis*, bottnicus*,
scoticus*, lanceolatus*
1943. Notes on Archaeoconularia Boucek and Eoconularia, new genus.
Royal Society of Canada, Proceedings, series 3, vol. 37, p. 122. Ab-
stract.
EOCONULARIA
[1944.] A new genus of Conularids. Canadian Field-Naturalist, vol. 57,
o. 7/8, p. 123. Issue for October-November, 1943.
Eoconularia
1944a. Notes on the genera Archaeoconularia and Eoconularia. Royal
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ATTENUATA, AMOENA, MEMBRANACEA, HUMBERIA,
SARDINICA, loculata*
1945. An Ordovician faunule from Quebec. Canadian Field-Naturalist,
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trentonensis, ulrichi
116 BULLETIN 145 364
1946. Three new conularids from the Ordovician of Quebec. Naturaliste
Canadien, vol. 73, No. 11/12, pp. 385-390, plate.
URBANIS, BUREAUI, FORENSIS
1948. Aperture of Conularia. Geological Society of America, Bulletin,
vol. 59, No. 12, pt. 2, p. 1352. Abstract.
[1952.] The occurrence of cystids in the Ordovician of Ontario and Que-
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for September-October, 1951.
triangulata
1952a. A classification of the Conularida. Fieldiana. Geology (Chicago
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DICONULARIA, EXOCONULARIA, ANACONULARIA,
CALLOCONULARIA, CTENOCONULARIA, GLYPTOCONU-
LARIA, STRIMPLEI, OBEX
1953. Middle Ordovician beds in the Saguenay Valley, Quebec. American
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trentonensis
Been Posse , and Rollman, Mary ELlizabeth]
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doani
Six, Achille
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Skipsey, R. WLhyte]-
1865. On the discovery of Carboniferous limestone fossils in the Upper
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quadrisulcata
Slater, Ida. L.
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llanvirnensis*, corium*, homfrayi*, /aevigata*, elongata*, lin-
narssoni*, aspersa*, PUNCTATA, TENUIS, MACULOSA,
CORONATA, MICROSCOPICA, gquadrisulcata*, GLOBOSA,
HISPIDA, TRIANGULARIS, HASTATA, PLICATA, CRASSA,
subtilis*, COMPLANATA, PLANISEPTATA, VESICULARIS,
sowerbyi*, BREVICONVENTA, ELEGANS
Smith, Burnett
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C. sp. (Niagaran)
Smith, James Perrin
1896. Marine fossils from the Coal Measures of Arkansas. American
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crustula*
365 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON I17
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quadrisulcata*
Sowerby, James
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earth. Volume 3, part 46. Pp. 107-118, pl. 260-265. London. The
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niagarensis
1879. A gigantic conularia of the Niagara group of Hamilton, Ontario.
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MAGNIFICA
1882. Palaeozoic geology of the region about the western end of Lake
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niagarensis, magnifica, rugosa
1884. Niagara fossils. University of the State of Missouri, Bulletin of
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Sproule, Jlohn] Clampbell]
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Stache, Gluido]
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Steinmann, G[ustav]
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Stoddart, WLilliam] WlLalter]
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Strahan, Aubrey
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Stromer von Reichenbach, Ernst (Freiherr)
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1944. Gesicherte Ergebnisse der Paldozoologie. Bayerische Akademie
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Suero, Tomas
1952. Las sucesiones sedimentarias suprapaleozoicas de la zona extraan-
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Svoboda, Josef, and Prantl, Ferdinand
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Teichert, Curt
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Bee ues , and Termier, Genevieve
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1949a. A ffinités des Conularida. 13e Congrés international de Zoologie,
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1914. A new section of the railway cut near Graf, Iowa. Iowa Academy
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1930. An Upper Carboniferous fauna from the Amotape Mountains,
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Thomson, James
1865. On the geology of the Campbelton district. Geological Society of
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1840. Fifth geological report to the twenty-third General Assembly of
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1932. The geology of the Brampton District. Geological Survey, Englaud
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126 BULLETIN 145 374
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hudsonia, quadrata
Paleontology of the Eureka district. United States Geological
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Second contribution to the studies on the Cambrian faunas of
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The value of the term “Hudson River Group” in geologic nomen-
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inornata
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quadrisulcata, teres
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1898. A bibliographic index of North American Carboniferous inverte-
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1900a. The succession of fossil faunas in the Kinderhook beds at Burling-
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byblis
1903. The Paleozoic faunas. Geological Survey of New Jersey, Report
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trentonensis*
1921. Geology of the Golconda Quadrangle. Kentucky Geological Sur-
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130 BULLETIN 145 378
Wetherby, Allbert] G[allatin]
1880. Remarks on the Trenton limestone of Kentucky, with descriptions
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quadrata i.
Whidborne, George Ferris
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BYBLIS, VICTA
1876. Description of new species of fossils from Paleozoic rocks of Iowa.
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MOLARIS
1880. Fossils from the Carboniferous rocks of the interior states. United
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CRUSTULA
1880a. Fossils of the Indiana rocks. Indiana Department of Statistics and
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missouriensis*
1881. Report on the Carboniferous invertebrate fossils of New Mexico.
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White, Theodore G[reely]
1896. The faunas of the Upper Ordovician strata at Trenton Falls,
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379 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 131
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trentonensis
Upper Ordovician faunas in Lake Champlain Valley. Geological
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Jleseph] F[rederick]
The fossils of the Devonian rocks of the Mackenzie River Basin.
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SALINENSIS
The fossils of the Galena-Trenton and Black River formations of
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asperata*
and Billings, Wlalter] R.
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trentonensis
Tlalbot] H[aes], et al.
The country between Wolverhampton and Oakengates. Geological
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1882a.
1883.
1891.
On the fauna of the Lower Carboniferous limestones of Spergen
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subulata*
Descriptions of new species of fossils from Ohio, with remarks on
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elegantula
List of Wisconsin fossils. Geology of Wisconsin, Survey of 1873-
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[1895.] Contributions to the palaeontology of Ohio. Geological Survey
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132 BULLETIN 145 380
reprint of Whitfield 1891. Although this volume was dated 1893,
only the first 290 pages appeared in that year (see p. xiv), and
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elegantula
Wey eae , and Hovey, E[dmund] OLtis]
1898. Catalogue of the types and figured specimens in the palaeontologi-
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trentonensis, gracilis, granulata, papillata
1899. Catalogue of the types..... Part II. Beginning with the Medina
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longa, niagarensis, pyramidalis
1900. Catalogue of the types..... Part III. Beginning with the Oris-
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crebristriata, desiderata, undulata
1901. Catalogue of the types ..... Part IV. Carboniferous to Pleisto-
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Whittard, Walter Frederick
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Willard, Bradford
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1939. Middle and Upper Devonian, in The Devonian of Pennsylvania.
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Williams, Henry Shaler
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congregata
1913. Recurrent Tropidoleptus zones of the Upper Devonian in New
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1915. An eurypterid horizon in the Niagara formation of Ontario. Geo-
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1919. The Silurian geology and faunas of Ontario Peninsula, and Mani-
toulin and adjacent islands. Geological Survey, Canada, Memoir
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laqueata, niagarensis
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1839. A notice of the fossil fishes of the Yorkshire and Lancashire coal-
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1913. A new brachiopod from the base of the Utica. Geological Survey
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trentonensis
1932. Ordovician fossils from the region of Cornwall, Ontario. Royal So-
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1951. Gastropoda and Conularida of the Ottawa formation of the Otta-
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Wiman, Carl
[1893.] Ueber die Silurformation im Jemtland. University of Upsala,
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scalaris, pectinata
[1894.] Paleontologische Notizen 1-2. University of Upsala, Geological
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[1899.] Eine untersiluriche Litoralfacies bei Locknesjon in Jemtland. Uni-
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pulchella
[1900.] Uber die Borkholmer Schicht in Mittelbaltischen Silurgebiet. Uni-
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[1903.] Paldontologische Notizen 3-6. University of Upsala, Geological
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[1906.] Studien tiber das Norbaltische Silurgebiet. II. University of Up-
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1865. Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Marshall group of
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NEWBERRYI
1870. Notices and descriptions of fossils, from the Marshall group of the
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XII-A”.
byblis*, newberryi*
1870a. On the geological age and equivalents of the Marshall group.
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byblis, multicostata, newberryi, whitei
Winchell, Nlewton] H[orace]
1877. Notes on the fossils of the Trenton limestone in Minnesota. Min-
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Pp. 51-56.
trentonensis
383 CoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 135
SO Boe , and Ulrich, E. O.
1897. The Lower Silurian deposits of the Upper Mississippi province: a
correlation of the strata with those in the Cincinnati, Tennessee,
New York and Canadian provinces, and the stratigraphic and ge-
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quadrata, trentonensis
Windhausen, Anselmo
1931. Geologia Argentina. Parte 2. Geologia histérica y regional del
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africana*, acuta*
Winkler, T[iberius] C[ornelius]
1863. Handboek der Geologie in verband met Palaeontologie. Zalt-Bom-
mel. 333 pp., figs.
quadrisulcata*
Wirtgen, [Phillipp Wilhem], and Zeiler, [F.]
1852. Ubersicht der in der Gegend von Coblenz in den unteren Lagen
der devonichen Schichten vorkommenden Petrefakten. Neues
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subparallela
Woods, Henry
1891. Catalogue of the type fossils in the Woodwardian Museum, Cam-
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bifasciata, clavus, homfrayi, llanvirnensis, subtilis
Woodward, Herbert P[reston]
1941. Silurian system of West Virginia. West Virginia Geological Sur-
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niagarensis
1943. Devonian system of West Virginia. West Virginia Geological
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congregata, huntiana, pyramidalis, jervisensis, rudis, undulata
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ulrichi, trentonensis
Woodward, Samuel P.
1871. Manual of the Mollusca, 2nd edition. London. 518 pp., 23 pl., 270
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quadrisulcata*
Woolworth, S[amuel] B.
1858. Catalogue of fossils, from H. C. Grosvenor, of Cincinnati. New
York State, Assembly Paper 163 (11th Annual Report of the Re-
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gracilis
Worthen, Al[mos] H[enry]
1868. Alexander County. Geological Survey of Illinois, volume 3, pp.
20-32.
C. sp. (Thebes)
136 BULLETIN 145 384
1868a. Greene County. Geological Survey of Illinois, volume 3. pp. 122-
133.
verneuiliana
1883. Description of some new species of fossil shells from the Lower
Carboniferous limestones and Coal Measures of Illinois. Geolo-
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CHESTERENSIS
1890. Description of fossil invertebrates. Geological Survey of Illinios,
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chesterensis*
Wright, James, Jr.
1914. Additions to the fauna of the Lower Carboniferous limestones of
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quadrisulcata
Wurm, Adolf
1925. Ueber ein Vorkommen von Mittelcambrium (Paradoxidesschichten)
im bayerischen Frankenwald bei Waildenstein stidlich Presseck.
Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, usw., Beilage-Band 52, Abt. B,
Heft 1, pp: 71-93, ple 35 2 figs:
SCHLOPPENSIS (an arthropod)
1925a. Geologie von Bayern, Nordbayern, Fichtelgebirge und Franken-
wald, Erster Theil. (Handbuch der Geologie und Bodenschatze
Deutschlands. Abt. 2, Bd. 2). Berlin. xiv-+374 pp., 8 pl., 109 figs.
schloppensis
Wynne, Al[rthur] Bleavor]
1886. On a certain fossiliferous pebble-band in the “Olive Group’ of the
eastern Salt Range, Punjab. Geological Society of London, Quar-
terly Journal, vol. 42, pt. 3 (No. 167), pp. 341-350. Abstract, Geo-
logical Magazine, n. s., decade 3, vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 280-281.
laevigata, tenuistriata, irregularis
1886a. Notes on some recent discoveries of interest in the geology of the
Punjab Salt Range. Royal Geological Society of Ireland, Journal,
n. s.,. vol. 7, pp. 89-97. Abstract, Geological Magazine, n. s., dec-
ade 3, vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 131-134.
laevigata, tenuistriata, irregularis (in abstract, only ornata)
1886b. Discoveries in the Punjab Salt-Range. Geological Magazine, n. s.,
decade 3, vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 236-237.
1887. Recent discoveries in the Salt Range of the Punjab. Geological
Magazine, n. s., decade 3, vol. 4, No. 9, p. 428.
Yandell, Lunsford P[itts], and Shumard, Benjamin F[ranklin]
1847. Contributions to the geology of Kentucky. Louisville. 36 pp., plate.
quadrisulcata
Yin, T. H. (Tsan-hsun)
1933. Cephalopoda of the Penchi and Taiyuan series of North China. Geo-
logical Survey of China, Palaeontologia Sinica, series B, vol. 11,
fasc. 3, 52 pp., including 5 pl., 6 figs.
quadrisulcata*
Young, John (1823-1900)
1869. On the gasteropodous Mollusca of the Carboniferous limestones of
385 CoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON 137
1894.
the west of Scotland. Glasgow Natural History Society, Proceedings,
vol. 1, pp. 70-71.
quadrisulcata
The geology of the Campsie District. Third edition, revised and
corrected. Glasgow (Geological Society). 72 pp. The original
paper appeared in the society's Transactions, vol. 1, part 1, 1860.
quadrisulcata
, and Armstrong, James
The fossils of the Carboniferous strata of the west of Scotland.
Geological Society of Glasgow, Transactions, vol. 4, pp. 267-281.
quadrisulcata
Zelizko, Jlohan] V[ratislav]
1900.
I9OI.
1902.
1903.
1905.
1906.
1906a.
1906b.
1907.
Ueber einen neuen Fossilienfundort im mittelbohmischen Untersi-
lurs, [Austria] Kaiserlich-kéniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt,
Verhandlungen, Jahrgang 1900, No. 3, pp. 85-93, fig.
anomala, grandissima, proteica, exquisita
Einige neue Beitrdge zur Kenntnis der Fauna des mittelbihmischen
Untersilurs. [Austria] Kaiserlich-koniglichen geologischen Reich-
sanstalt, Verhandlungen, Jahrgang 1901, No. 9, pp. 225-233.
proteica, fecunda
Weitere neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna des bihmischen Un-
tersilurs. [Austria] Kaiserlich-koniglichen geologischen Reich-
sanstalt, Verhandlungen, Jahrgang 1902, No. 2, pp. 61-66, fig.
modesta
Ueber das neue Vorkommen einer untersilurischen Fauna bei
Lhotka (Mittelbihmen). [Austria] Kaiserlich-kéniglichen geolo-
gischen Reichsanstalt, Verhandlungen, Jahrgang 1903, No. 3, pp.
61-65.
bohemica, proteica
Neue Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der Fauna der Etage D-diy des
mittelbohmischen Silur. Woniglichen-bGhmischen Gesellschaft der
Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, Jahrgang 1905, art. 11, 7 pp.
bohemica
Geologick-palaeontologické poméry nejblizsiho okoli Rozmitdlu.
Ceska Akademie cisare Frantiska Josefa, pro Vedy, slovesnost a
umeni v Praze, Rozpravy, Tr. 2, Ro. 15 Cis. 42, 26 pp., 2 pl. Also
issued as: Geologisch-palaeontologische. Verhaltnisse der ndchsten
Umgebung von Rozmital in Bohmen. Academie dés Sciences de Bo-
heme, Bulletin international, Année 1906, 13 pp., 2 pl., 4 figs.
exquisita*, proteica*
Uber das erste Vorkommen von Conularia in den Kruind Hora-
Schichten (D-d'!*) in Béohmen. [Austria] Kaiserlich-koniglichen’
geologischen Reichsanstalt, Verhandlungen, Jahrgang 1906, No. 4,
pp. 127-130.
imperialis
Spodni silur v okoli Radotina a Velké Chuchle. Kaiserlich bohmis-
chen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-naturwisschaf-
tlich Klasse), Sitzungsberichte, Jahrgang 1906, art. 3, 8 pp.
fecunda, exquisita
Untersilurische Fauna von Sdrka bei Prag. [Austria] Kaiserlich-
kOniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, Verhandlungen, Jahrgang
1907, No. 8, pp. 216-220.
bohemica, defecta, jahni
138
BULLETIN 145 386
1907a. Zur Paldontologie der untersilurischen Schichten in der Gegend
1908.
1909.
1909ga.
I9II.
1913.
1918.
1921.
zwischen Pilsen und Rokycan in Bohmen. [Austria] Kaiserlich-ko-
niglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, Verhandlungen, Jahrgang
1907, No. 16, pp. 378-382.
bohemica, modesta, exquisita
Zur Frage iiber die Stellung der Hyolithen in der Paldontologie.
Centralblatt fir Mineralogie, usw., Jahrgang 1908, No. 12, pp.
363-365, 5 figs.
Faunistische Verhdltnisse der untersilurischen Schichten bei Pilse-
netz in Bohmen. [Austria] Kaiserlich-koniglichen geologischen
Reichsanstalt, Verhandlungen, Jahrgang 1909, No. 3, pp. 63-67.
bohemica, exquisita, nobilis, Aofmanni
V orlaufiger Bericht tiber einige neue Pteropoden des alteren Palae-
ozoicums Mittelbohmens. Ceska spoleénost nauk, Prague, Vestnik.
Koniglichen-bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (Mathe-
matisch-naturwisschaftlich Klasse), Sitzungsberichte, Jahrgang
1909, art. 16, 4 pp.
imperialis*, LIPOLDI, JAHNI, BARRANDEI, PURKYEI, HOF-
MANNI, DEFECTA, PERNERI, proteica*. These new species
have been treated by Bouéek and others as dating from 1911, but
this earlier publication seems valid.
Neue Pteropoden des alteren Paldozoikums Mittelbihmens. [Aus-
tria] Kaiserlich-koOniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, Jahrbuch,
Bd. 61, Heft 1, pp. 41-52, pl. 3-4.
imperialis*, lipoldi*, jahni*, barrandei*, hofmanni*, purkynei*,
defecta*, perneri*, proteica*
Zwei neue Conularien aus dem dlteren Paldozoicum von Bohmen.
Neues Jahrbuch ae Mineralogie, usw., Jahrgang 1913, Bd. 1, Heft
3, pp. 116-118, pl. 1
CORTICATA, ULTIMA
Zahadny Pteropod v spodnim siluru u Karyzhu. Casopis Museu
Kralowstvi Ceského, Roé. 92, svazek 4, pp. 177-180, figs.
Aquivalente der untersilurischen Euloma-Niobefauna bei Plzenec
in Bohmen. Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania, Matematisk-natur-
videnskabelig Klasse, Skrifter Bd. 2, No. 10, 27 pp., 5 pl. [3] figs.
PYGMAEA, SULCA
Zimmermann, Ernst Heinrich
1892.
Dictyodora Liebeana (Weiss) und ihre Bezeihungen zu Vexillum
(Rouault), Palaeochorda marina (Geinitz) und Crassopodia Hen-
rici (Geinitz). Gesellschaft Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in
Gera, Jahresberichte 1889-1892, pp. 28-64, figs.
reticulata*
Zittel, Karl Alfred
1885.
Handbuch der Palaeontologie. 1. Abt. Palaeozoologie. Bd. 2. Mol-
lusca und Arthropoda. Munchen und Leipzig. 893 pp., figs.
quadrisulcata*, anomala*
387
INDEX OF TRIVIAL NAMES
Page
No. Vol
acuta F. A. Roemer, 1843 105 . 353
acutilirita H. O. Fletcher,
1938 44 292
aequalis Barrande, 1867 .... 15.. 263
africana Sharpe, 1856 114... 362
albertensis Reed, 1925 102... 350
aliena Barrande, 1867 » elbee263
alternistriata Shimer, 1926 114. 362
amazonica J. M. Clarke,
1899 case, aah, DATE
amoena Sinclair, 1944a 115 363
anomala Barrande, 1867 5me203:
antigonishensis McLearn,
1924 . 84. 332
arcuata H. & G. Termier,
1949 oe IPR SID
asperata Billings, 1866 19 267
aspersa Lindstrém, 1884 ... 78... 326
asteroidea Reed, 1933 102 .. 350
attenuata Sinclair, 1944a .. 115 .. 363
aurora yw olmer 1693) 22s 62 310
azaisi Thoral, 1935 122)...370
baini A. Ulrich; 1892° _...... DAS) SHG:
barrandei Zelizko, 1909a 138 . 386
batteryensis Twenhofel,
1928 E erence JUPAS 2-338}
bifasciata Ua Touche, 1884 76....324
bifurca Ringueberg, 1886 104.. 352
bilineata Lindstrom, 1884 178 ..326
bilineata Foerste, 1895 ...... 44... 292
blairi Miller & Gurley,
1894 ene CO eMere TB lis iS OD
bodana F. A. Roemer,
VEG OM sel ok eee ee 1O5se 353
bohemica Barrande, 1867 15...263
bottnica Holm, 1893. .......... 62.. 310
bowningensis H. O. Fletch-
CT ABOAG! wo. eee ne 44. 292
breviconventa Slater,
OO ee Bes te Ae eee oer 116... 364
bromidus Sinclair, 1942a .. 115.363
brongniarti d’Archiac & de
Werneutl 842 eee 12....260
buchii Eichwald, 1840 ........ 40....288
bundenbachia R. & KE.
FICHE al 93 yee aoe 104....352
bureaui Sinclair, 1946 ...... 116....364
byblis C. A. White, 1862 ... 130....378
caereesiensis Hicks, 1875 .. 61....309
calderi Sinclair, 1940a ...... 115,...363
cambria Walcott, 1890 .... 128....376
G. Sandberger,
cancellata
carinata G. Sandberger,
1847 Mi 46
cataractensis Ruedemain,
chapmani H. O. Fletcher,
1938) 4) ere
chelensis Reed, 1936
chesterensis Worthen, 1883
clarki Sinclair, 1942a
clavus Reed, 1902 ¥
complanata Slater, 1907......
concreta Boucek, 1928
conferta Barrande, 1867 ....
congregata J. Hall, 1877 ....
consobrina Barrande, 1867
constricta Eichwald, 1855
continens J: Hall, 1877 ....
convexa Fischer de Wald-
heim, 1848
corium Salter, 1866
cornucopiae Barrande,
1867
coronata Slater, 1907
corticata Zelizko, 1913 ...
costata (nude) Munthe,
DOOD? | eke yl be Aber tean ot cee
crassa Slater, 1907 ............
crawfordsvillensis R. Owen
(ORMUESEAS) Feel S62 ane
crebristria J: Hall, 1877...
crenulata H. O. Fletcher,
1938
crustula C. A. White, 1880
cunctata Reed, 1933
currieae Begg, 1946
curta G. Sandberger, 1847
curvata G. Sandberger,
1847
dalecarliae Hessland, 1949
davidsoni (nude) Moriere,
1881
defecta Zelisko, 1$09a
deflexicosta G. Sandberg-
OL; PBA The aan eee ee
delicatissima (nude)
VMN the sel 902 ee eee
delicatula Savage, 1917 ....
densissima Boucek, 1928 ....
CoNULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY: SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON
90
110
21
139
140
Page
No. Vol.
derwentensis Johnston,
1887 van (Oe sul!
desiderata J. Hall, 1861 ... 55 303
destinezi Moreels, 1888 ... 88. 336
distincta Boucek, 1928 ... 21... 269
distincta H. O. Fletcher,
193855. <i..¢ Se aes. ioe 44 292
doani Dennis, 1878 ............. 37.. 285
doveri Postlethwaite, 1897 99. 347
dubia Sinclair, 1940a ........ 115 ...363
duslii Novak, 1891 ................ 93... 341
edgellii (nude) Newton,
1878 92. 340
eifelensis Steininger, 1853 118 . 366
elegans Slater, 1907 ........... 116. 364
elegantula Meek, 1871 ........ 84... 332
elongata Portlock, 1843 ... 99... 347
elongata Fischer de Wald-
heim, 1848 . 43....291
esclavensis Hume, 1926 ... 64...312
expansa H. O. Fletcher,
1938 . 44.. 292
exquisita Barrande, 1867 5) lb), 27o83
fecunda Barrande, 1867 ... 15... 263
filicosta Ruedemann,
1925 Sat AO 1OWe: 355
fimbriata Walther, 119032) 128)...3n6
forensis Sinclair, 1946 . 116....364
formosa (nude) de Ko-
ninck, 1882 ...,«...... Se ulowroall
formosa Miller & Dyer,
TOUS Gicc S ee ee eae Stipa)
fragilis Barrande, SC) lowe 263
fritschi Perner, 1907 sicceeen | GOs: 346
gaspesia Sinclair, 1942 5 als). 3is)}
gattingeri Miller & Gurley,
1896 au) 87....335
gemundina Re & Ez Rich-
ter, 1930 104....352
ger olsteinensis d’Ar chaic &
de Verneuil, 1842 ...... 12 ...260
gervillei d’Archaic & de
Verneuil, 1842 . cee AC Ate)
gibraltarensis Way in Sin-
clair, 1940a ee 115 Re363
slobosa Slater, 1907 ........:.... 116....364
gracile J. Hall, 1847 .. 54..302
gracilis Herrick. 1888a ... 60....308
grandis (nude) Barrande,
1854 Ae ee ae ae 14....262
grandis C. F. von Roemer,
NS56R: oie ee eee 105.2353
grandissima Barrande,
LEG Ts sce Pee eee ee eee 15....263
BULLETIN 145
388
Page
No. Vol.
granulata J. Hall, 1847 ... 54...302
grata Hector, 1886 ._......... 58... 306
gratiosa Miller & Gurley,
OAM at tae eae. eee 87....335
greenei Miller & Gurley,
1896 ee AR ONS 87....335
hanuSsi Bouéek, 1928 ie ae 21....269
hastata Slater, LOOT sete ees. 116....364
hawlei Barrande, 1867 .... 15....263
haydeni Diener, 1915 ...... 38 ...286
herricki S. A. Miller, 1892 86...334
hersmani Calvin, 1890 ........ PAD Pat"
heymani Foerste, 1920 ........ 44 292
hispida Slater, 1907 ........ 116... 364
hofmanni Zelizko, 1909a .. 138... 386
holdenvillae Girty, 1911 ... 50....298
hollebeni Geinitz, 1853 ... 49....297
holmi Wiman, 1906 ............ 134....382
holubi Bouéek, 1928 .......... 21....269
homfrayi Salter, 1866 ....... 109... 357
honeymani McLearn, 1924 84..332
hudsonia Emmons, 1855 ... 42...290
humberia Sinclair, 1944a .. 115....363
humilis Sinclair, 1942a 115....363
hummeli, Kegel, 1926 ........ 68... 316
huntiana J. Hall, 1860 .... 55....303
imperialis Barrande, 1867 15....263
inaequicostata de Koninck,
SBSH ee. Pec nets ee cnanee ee 13... orl
inclinata Fischer de Wald-
heim, 1848a Tea eee KAS 01
indentata Conrad, 1854 Sosa ee EY
infrequens J. Hall, 1879a .. 56....304
inornata Dana, 1849 ........ 34....282
insignis Barrande, 1867 ... 15....263
intertexta S. A. Miller,
QQ Solas Meee ce ee ees 87....335
invertens Barrande, 1867 .. 15....263
irrasa Sinclair, 1942a 115...363
irregularis de Koninck,
GAAS tect ue eee ee ee ee 72....320
jahni Zelizko, 1909a ........ 138....386
jervisensis Shimer, 1950 .... 114....362
kaibabensis McKee, 1935 . 84....332
kettneri BouGek, 1928 ........ 21....269
kjerulfi Holm, 1893 .......... 62...310
klouéeki Boucek, 1928 ........ 21....269
kolihai Boucek, 1928 ........ 21....269
koninckii Guéranger, 1853 53....301
laevigata Salter, 1866 109....357
laevis Lindstrom, 1884 ...... 78....326
lanceolata Krause, 1877 .... 74....322
laqueata Conrad, 1841 ........ 31....279
389 CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Page
No. Vol
laqueata Meneghini, 1880 85...333
1GHGH Al, LEeMb alsa ee 5D....303
latecostata Freyberg, 1922 46...294
latesulcata Eichwald, 1855 41....289
latior Ruedemann, 1926 108....356
latisulcata G. Sandberger,
MSA rho tae 2 oN 110....358
latviensis Delle, 1937 ........ 3 2oo)
levigata Morris, 1845 .......... 89....337
lima Barrande, 1867 ........ 155263
lindstromi Holm, 1893 ........ 62....310
linearis Barrande, 1867 .... 15....263
lineata Eichwald, 1855 ...... 41....289
linnarssoni Holm, 1893 62....310
lipoldi Zelizko, 1909a ........ 138....386
llanvirnensis Hicks, 1875 .. 61....309
loculata Wiman, 1894 ........ 134....382
longawJs Hall, W852) 55....303
longistriata Boucek, 1928 .. 21....269
maculosa Slater, 1907 ........ 116....364
magnifica Spencer, 1879 .... 117....365
jogrenavabl, Navony. Ika see eee 106....354
margaritifera Salter, 1866 109....357
marginata Eichwald, 1855 41...289
marionensis Swallow, 1860 120....368
maroccana H. Termier,
TOS OW ctidee eters ees 122....370
mayeri Rouault, 1851 ........ 106....354
mediorhenana Fuchs, 1915 47....295
megista Lamont, 1946 13) .8 V3}
micronema Meek, 1871 84....332
membranacea Sinclair,
NGA ood cccssenseee he hese 115....363
microscopica Slater, 1907 .. 116....364
milwaukeensis Cleland,
LCT] | ae eee Reena, corte ee 30....278
mirifica Reed, 1933 ............ 102....350
miseneri Foerste, 1917 ...... 44... 292
missouriensis Swallow,
TOG OMB. ee... ees, ee LOS 68
mitchelli H. O. Fletcher,
MOS GMMR ais to os darko reeeten as 44.292
modesta Barrande, 1867 .... 15....263
molaris C. A. White, 1876 130...378
monile Lindstrom, 1884 .... 78....326
montana Spriesterbach,
1925 : peter ces JURE Siaa
multicosta Ruedemann,
MOU os. | ats 5 aa LOT 355
multicostata Meek & Wor-
then, 1865 ae en OOM Ooo
multipuncta Ringueberg,
USSGHR Soke pci Meal aticd 104....352
munita Barrande, 1867 .... 15....263
munthei Wiman, 1903 .... 134....382
SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON
namurcana Ryckholt, 1854
narrawayi Sinclair, 1942a
newberryi A. Winchell,
1865
niagarensis J. Hall, 1852 ..
nobilis Barrande, 1867
nobleti Rouault, 1851
noquettensis (nude) Hus-
sey,
nuda Sinclair, 1940a
obex Sinclair, 1952a
occidentalis Bradley, 1930
Olandica Holm, 1893 ............
ondulata Eugéne Eudes-
Deslonchamps, 1864 ........
ornata d’Archiac & de
Verneuil;, 1842) ..................
ornata Savage, 1917
ornatissima F. Chapman,
1904
orthoceratophila C. F. von
Roemer, 1876
osagensis Swallow, 1863 ....
papillata J. Hall, 1847
parroquetensis ‘Twenhofel,
1938
parva (nude) Fritz, 1944 ..
pectinata Holm, 1893 ........
pectinicostata G. Sand-
berger, “W847: aoa eet
penouili J. M. Clarke,
1907
pinchiniana Schwarz, 1906
pinnata F. A. Roemer,
W852) 2.2 BRRE... hoe:
planicostata Dawson, 1868
planiseptata Slater, 1907 ..
plattinensis Foerste, 1920 ..
plicata Slater, 1907 .
plicosa Barrande, 1867
poctai Bouéek, 1928
primula Barrande, 1867 ....
pristina T. H. Clark, 1924
proteica Barrande, 1867 ....
pulchella Holm, 1893
punctata Slater, 1907
punjabica Reed, 1936 .
purkynéi Zelizko, 1909a ....
putilla (nude) Ladd, 1929..
pygmaea Zelisko, 1921
pyramidalis J. Hall, 1860 ..
I4I
Page
No. Vol.
108...
1135)
HOR
356
363
...882
...803
...263
. 804
.. 312
.... 863
... 864
210
...310
...286
...260
...808
214
...803
... 368
...802
873
....295
.. 310
358
..276
... 800
... 386
... 361
393
...283
... 864
.. 292
... 064
... 263
...269
.. 263
275
... 263
ol
... 864
.. dol
138...
14.
138...
55...
386
322
386
303
142
Page
No. Vol
pyramidata Bronn, 1838 ... 23...271
quadrata (Climacoconus)
Walcott, 1875 ee ame 127....375
quadrata (Conulariopsis)
Sugiyama, 1942 ............... 120....368
quadrisuleata J. Sowerbyi,
1820 ae OD
quercifolia Rheinhard Rich-
ter, 1865 104. 382
quichua Steinmann & D6-
Gerlein = s!S9 Ome eee 118 . 366
rallus Sinclair, 1942a ........ 115.363
raricostata Boucek, 1928 .. 21....269
raymondi Sinclair, 1942a .. 115 ...363
rectangularis Hayasaka,
1920 = 587306
reticulata WRheinhard Rich-
COTE OGD gcc. h ee 104....352
rectistriata (nude) Bigsby,
1868 19....267
rhodinensis Wiman, 1906. 134....382
robusta Barrande, 1867 .... 15....263
roeperi Miller & Gurley,
1896 ‘) oo le BED
rogersensis Foerste, 1914. . 44....292
rudisyJ, Hall; 1690 we... 56... 304
rugosa Spencer, 1884 .......... 117....365
rugulosa Barrande, 1867 .... 15....263
Salaria Reed, 1936) .......2... 1OZsol
salinensis Whiteaves, 1891 131....379
salteri H. O. Fletcher,
G3 Ghat cc ees 44.292
sampsoni & A. “Miller,
T8920 Reese eee eee ee ee 86....334
sardinica Sinclair, 1944a .. 115....363
scalaniss Holm 16933 tee 62....310
schloppensis Wurm, 1925.... 136....384
scotica Lamont, 1934 ........ 75....823
sculpta Perner, 1900 .......... 98....346
sedaliensis Miller & Gur-
leyintlS9Gie) eee ees 87....335
Siluriana Elles, 1940 ............ 41....289
simplex Barrande, 1867 .... 15....263
simplicosta Grabau, 1924 .. 52..300
sinclairi Howell, 1950 ........ 63....311
Slater Reed) 1933)... 102....350
Solitaria Barrande, 1867 .... 15....263
sorrocula Beede, 1911 ........ 16....264
sosia Barrande, 1867 ........ 15....263
sowerbyi de Blainville,
nS Pa ae ema nhs a tg 19....267
spergenensis Miller & Gur-
ley. scl894: a Cree eee SifeseD
splendida Billings, 1866 ... 19....267
BULLETIN 145
390
Page
No. Vol
stormsi Pelseneer, 1889 .... 97....345
striata Eichwald, 1855 ...... 41....289
Striatula Koztowski, 1923 .... 73....321
strimplei Sinclair, 1952a .. 116...364
stromeri Osswald, 1918 .... 95....343
subcarbonaria Meek &
Worthen, 1865. .................. 85....333
subparallela G. Sandber-
ger, 1847 Be ee 2 10% 7358
subplicosa Tromelin, 1877 IPBY Sial
subrugulosa Tromelin,
ORT. ee ee eee eens syne Le NPB}. so)
subtilis Salter, 1852 ........... 109...357
subulata J. Hall, 1857 ........ 55....303
Sulcay Zelizkos 1921) 138....386
superstes Boucek, 1928 ...... 21....269
sussexensis Herpers, 1949 .. 60.308
tasmanica Johnston, 1888.. 66...314
belums Holme 893 eee 62....310
tenella Barrande, 1867 ...... 15....263
tenuicosta Ruedemann,
OQ Cais, 2. keto) eee hace eae 10% 305
tenuicostata E. os Bran-
SOM 193SORe. ce eet ee 0 ee 220200
tenuis Slater, 1907 ee 116....364
tenuistriata (nude) Del-
Pa Clove COlpeee ee 36... 284
tenuistriata McCoy, 1847 .. 84....332
tenuistriata G. Sandber-
SOP GA TT BEA. Reet es 110....358
teres J. Sowerby, 1820 ...... 17365
thuringa Freyberg, 1922 .. 46...294
torta McCoy, 1847 ................ 84....332
transiens Boucek, 1928 .... 21....269
transversa Ringueberg,
N86) 40.28. ee eee 104....352
trauthi Gugenberger, 1934 53....301
trentonensis J. Hall, 1847 54...302
triadica Bittner, 1890 ........ 19....267
triangularis Slater, 1907 .. 116...364
triangulata Raymond,
HOOD coc Malis are eee 101....349
triplicata Swallow, 1860 .... 120...368
truemani Begg, 1946 .......... 16....264
tuberculata H. O. Fletch-
Crs 1938)... eee 44.292
tubericosta G. Sandber-
ger 164 2... ee ee 110....358
tuberosa G. Sandberger,
GA o.5. SE Se a ea 1102358
tulipa Meneghini, 1380s oomcso
Hoe R. & E. Richter,
O30. sce Ase ee 104....352
nee -R. & E. Rich-
GET OSS) Hin ee eee 104....352
391
CONULARIDA BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Page
No. Vol.
tuzoi J. M. Clarke, 1907 . 28... 276
twenhofeli McLearn, 1924 84....332
tyOanziensis Sugiyama,
TG ES) og fe ee ee Oe 120....368
ulrichana J. M. Clarke,
TCS ea ne ee PAY) PAUL
ulrichi Foerste, 1928 .......... 45....293
ulsterensis Howell, 1942 ... 63...311
ultima Zelizko, 1913 .......... 138....386
undosa Sinclair, 1942a ...... 115....263
SINCLAIR AND RICHARDSON
undulata Conrad, 1841
urbanis Sinclair, 1946
vernuelia Emmons, 1846 ..
vesicularis Slater, 1907
victa C. A. White, 1862 ....
warthi Waagen, 1891
whitei Meek & Worthen,
1865
wilkinsi Spencer, 1884 .....
wrangeli F. Schmidt, 1874
143
Page
No. Vol.
31
116...
42.
5 MAGS.
130...
127...
85...
VON fore
Malate:
279
364
290
364
378
375
333
365
359
y is . ie :
rs.) eae isaoe
yifgrew Seem Avi 3 uta hear
. 0s Coweta arate
1 OR yee. (REE eae nae) Sate
OBL LCE a ae
ca eon, SORRR OT 2 Oaa
ALRLIGRE cme ff (REL 1 Fae
1 coe ws iow, heey ih cages
UG OGG 5 hd ee ine ° Teles
DRG Geet hora eco ee
ROR. CE: iia tet? 9h
‘9 dct Mie - on eS
alleen t ea 1 ee,
nea ay re ty, A 7
+¥t nity rey ! b-
4 SUT ast a ms
in ae
; ~
T ¥ ea > a
a =i a
re, ¢
ja: iy =
eee a “es
eps i a VL
YS rad (e ve i. Ce - : — Py
tr |
— =
Sy ei -
‘ ont -
rai « : 4
i bee ( on
Pht i? : e
aa? ae a 7
S Ania) i ee a
dada vy. Ps :
Spied) 5") t
| ia é
as \) Ras
em | ¢
= oot OR a : i?
abe arias Rpcaie it =
;
ean te
vy
rir, es
j aT as
1 ort Lect
I i cass
i oes ae)
dot as iy , >
“ “@ 46 va
A ay 5 : & : =
fi oa Weg =) “WD
1 iy 7 a oe
waitin es 2 » ue
re en in)
mse veo i" ies
H : ~
t =
I i i=
; 7 bt
>
oy,
.
Se Ma ec
INDEX
af (Exclusive of Number 145. The index to Number 145
is with the number.)
Note: The left hand bold faced figures refer to the plates. The right
hand light figures refer to the pages.
A
#Noybl ID {bbe ol?) «caer cncceeee PERERA 32
Actinoceras ee. Bi leisce 200
SACTINOCENAS pets. eee. 188
acuta, Globorotalia .... 155
Adamsfield, Tasmania 188, 189,
191, 196, 198
Aechmina ........ emetyclett! 133
Aechminaria .................... 132
africanus, Placocystis .... 89
aigawaense, Nybyoceras 200
Nasa ge. 18 281k 3 e .. 13
alatus, Pseudocyproi-
GeSTRy. 5S ers 9 141
Albritton C.-=Gac<....2 16
alexanderi, Hastigeri-
noides ... text fig. 28... ie OMm DS
ATTOCOGOCEL AS) (ects 187, 195
American Mus. Nat.
TEDIOUS eo. anes eee ew 136, 137,
139-141
americana, Daleiella 9
GER Geel Oo! eed eee ees 139, 140
PAIN OIOXOUS, <:25...sese sete 107
ANASPYLOCELAS «2.225... 187-189,
193, 210
Anaspyroceras, sp ....16 213
Anatiferocystis ..............:. 94, 97
Anomalocystida .............. 75, 97
Anomalocystites .............. 75. 719;
90, 97
JeNTQ 61 (20 Fs Se a ne eee 13, 14
antilope, Orthoceras .... 188
anzaas, Anaspyrocer-
as ee eG 192, 211
Aparchitidae .................... 133
apenninica, Globotrun-
cana Heal eee 46
FXO) 0) Ub Ota W ct a eee ae ee 16
Aragonella ..2022005/008: 53
ATINEGDOCELAS Est ste 208, 209
aspersa, Globigerinella.. 8, 16
Gilobigerina, Filsea 46
EUOGA A, Aan teens. 48
Astraspis: “22.4 107
Ateleocystites 9.0.0.0... 75, 78,
79, 87, 97
australe, Mysteriocer-
aS. 0S See ener 1
UE GY il Oe aaa tee! Petree 214, 215
216
B
MEAG awe ee ee 132
BairGidaey ee ee 137
IBAKOM Dianne eee ee 159
Balamocystis — .................. 97
balanoides, Anomalocys-
GU GE Si. pie ee eae ome heise 719, 98
Ateleocystites .............. Wi, he)
98, 100
BT OPTOMA se eser cee 6 76, 79, 86
98, 109
IPIACOCYSUISEE ee 98
SV ew ev eee. cones eee 192
IBASSICT EVA ose eee 114, 131
Basslerocystinae .............. 15
iBasslerocystisy eee Dy Oly
92, 97, 113
Bathe (Mi eAt es eee 715
bayfieldi, Ormoceras ...... 207
bekkeri, Nybyoceras ...... 199
belli, Globigerina ............. 16
iBeloitocerasme eee 187, 188,
224
Bey rh ae eee ee 132
ISVS ON, As db. ctsocccndoaseccceer 188
Bliness Hee ee 18
Blake BS oats eee. 189
bohemicus, Placocystis 87, 88
Bokkeveld beds ................ 89
Bolli, Hie 2.3.2 BE i Lal
12701010 Fy al cP anes ey ee eee 222
bondi, Gasconsoceras .... 189
Gordonoceras...... 17
text fig. 12 . 214, 215,
221
Bortonian Eocene .......... 159, 168
Bothriolepis .ois.....0....000... 84, 107
IBGAIeIGUICY: iy... ..s.ee 76
393
INDEX
IBrightony fAs s.. eee 89 Globorotalia ................ 154
Bronniman, P. compressum, ‘Phrag-
Globigerinidae from MOCCLAS 2 eee 188
the Upper Cretaceous Cooper, G. Arthur .......... 114
(Cenomanian-Maes- corbuloides, Cythere ..... 139
trichtian) of Trini- i cornutus, Anomalocys-
dad, B.W.I. 1 GILES... bexXtenien 2). 90, 99
Trinidad Paleocene ‘and coronata, Globotrun-
Lower Eocene _ Globi- cana SUNS eee neers, 46
gerinidae: 72... 149 + Corryville member eee 75, 100, 106
STO Wilds gle A eee eee 189 Corsicana, Texas .......... 172, 173
Bubbs Hill, Tasmania . 139) (Coryell ees Nee ee 131
bulloides, Globigerina .. 168 costata, Plummerella .... 9
Globotruncana ............ 7, 46 Cothurnocystites ........... 107
Bythocypriss =e 132 covingtonense, Ormo-
CGELASIA? \.2 hee ee. 205
Cc Craie “blanche ===... 14
cretacea, Globigerina
Cameron, Texas ........... 32 WHER. TONER, Bde bessasdcdoodeosocses Lh C5.
Campanian ee 8 daelssa4:
capensis, Placocystis ...... 89 16, 156
Carey. Se Wee 189) (Cretaccousime ee Tals 3183
Carlileyshealemees ee 16 crustacea, Enoploura ... 83, 86, 100
Carpoidea 719 IBIACOCY SUIS Mates ee 100
Cassada. Gardens, ‘Trin- ecryptomphala, Globig-
VAG (ho. te rceit ee neeetaees 14 GRIN). teclscoceee 168
Caster, K. E. Cushman ae ee 153
Concerning Enoplou- Cyamoidedyee ee 95
ra of the Upper Or- Gymbionites yee 95
dovician and its Re- CV DPTIORC ge ee cancers 142
lation to other carpo- Cyrtonybyoceras _............ 205
id Echinodermata. ...... We sCythere eee 139
Cenomanian =... 6
Cenomanian - Maes-
Lrichitianiee = eee 6 D
centrale, Linormoceras.. 208
Chaudier formation ...... 15De Daleiellat pee iss
Chauvel, J. foto, IGG bss ID YW OW ENON se ocenanssscne icssseccgeccectoe 159
Chert Hill Turure area 6 decepta, Globigerina .... 57, 158
Cheviot, Ohio ................ 107 decorum, Ephippiortho-
Choctaw County, Ala- COTaAS eee 16, 17
bama 172 TOXb so Sop ps eee eee meee 189,193,
Cincinnatian series. Pere 75, 100 214, 215, 222
Clarkesville, Ohio .......... 109 dehiscens, Globorotalia.. 159
clavata, Globigerinella 10 densistriatum, Kawasaki-
Clermont County, Ohio 106 Ceras * eee, eee 197
collactea, Globiger- Denton County, Texas.. 13
ina ; eer | 154, 155, Dickenson, D. .................. 191
1561615 Discoceras) ee 195, 230
Globorotaliayy....... 161 = disparilis, Anomalocys-
Colorado group .............. 16 GIGEST Rs eee ee eee 90, 92
COMM gee eee 15 Basslerocystis. <.........::.. 92, 99
compressa, Globiger- dissimilis, Globigerina .. 168
TVA fe Se cz cere ac meee 12 O54 DrepanaspiSi eee 107
157, 173 duseri, “Orthoceras”’ ...... 205
394
INDEX
E
East Central Range,
Thebankokel | osonccsener aoaeeees 6
MawardswAtwtb. yee. 189
eifliensis, Endodisco-
SOLUS Soest eee cee 227
Endostokesoceras ETE 227
Hiden croup 190
Fleutherozoa .................... 94
elongata, Euprimitia .... 132
Emanuel limestone ......... 193
Endodiscosorus _.... ........ 227
Endostokesoceras ............ 227
AOp]OURG Eee 1B, “8
Fmoplouninae! = .....:..::.... 715, 79
eocaenica, Globigerina .. 166
Ephippiorthoceras _........ 187, 189,
193, 214, 222
epigona, Rzehakina ...... 154
lata, Rzehakina ........ 154
minima, Rzehakina .. 154
FE GHOLYCHIUS Hac. ee ‘ 107
escheri, Globigerinella
text figs: 225 23 ..... . 10, 46, 48
Nonionina ape ey 46
clavata, Globigerinel-
la. 1 . text figs. 24, 26 10, 49
Etheridge, E. Jr. ........:.... 188
Euprimitia 2 132
oscar Stromatocer-
. text fig. 2 189, 214,
215, 216, 219
F
faba, “Leperditia” .......... 132
Haimmont, bedss ¢.....2..-4 76, 100
Fairview formation ...... 76, 100
finlayi, Globigerina 12 154, 155,
163, 166
Florentine Valley, Tas-
mania . Cee ros 189
POWOT WES GEL. cc.cieccte..ces50: 100, 205,
210
Boersteé;7As iB) YS. 108
foerstei, Nybyoceras .... 199
forbesiana, Placocystis .. 99
Frontier formation ......... 16
G
GaASCONSOCEFAS ........5...2.;: 187, 189,
193, 230
Gautier formation 6, 13, 14
Gautier River, . Trini-
Gada awe 6, 14
gautierensis, Globiger-
TROVE) aap JE MaRer.ah Oke 74, LORE
sy, 1s
gautierensis, Globigeri-
fs 10 [Hr wa Re Nek Ct 51
Gebel Duwi EH Not 32
Geol. Lab., Trinidad
Leaseholds Ltd. .......... 6
Gill SEND Ae ieee 192
Gislen, T. 1 oS Os ee 95
Glenister) Bashan 189
see Teichert, C. .......... 183
Globigerina {lp hy 8h
11) 14716;
15SS Low
Globigerina, sp ....... 13 169
Globigerinella 7, 85 1th 842
Globigerinella escheri
group eer ere TE rd
Globiger inoides ee oe 166
Globotruncana eee 46
Globoquadrina mL are 159
Globorotalia - ie 153
Globotruncana eee 8, 46
Globotruncana zones . 5
Globotruncane apenn-
inica zone Ean Mes 65 75183) 105
ial, ila}, Syl
Globotruncana gansseri
zone TLE any. ay th
25156
Globotruneana lapparen-
Gis is. Lzoneya a. iy 5 thy thal
27, 44
Globotruncana lapparen-
Gls ZON Gs Ae OE ie eS 156
Globotruncana mayaro-
Ensis/ ZOnehe Gyaifnosnuor
19, 21, 22,
25, 36, 56
globulosa, Guembelina 13
Gordon River limestone 189, 191,
193, 213, 230
Gordonoceras _.................. 187, 189,
193, 214, 221
Gouldi; Lithitess 3... 188
Gravell) DP Wee 161
gravelli, Globigerina 11 154, 155,
160
Grayson formation ........ tS
Grimsdale; Wak) 2.2 157
395
INDEX
Guayaguayare area, Tri-
TIGA See eee 6, 160, 164,
173, 174
Guayaguayare beds ....... 6, 18, 19,
DAL, P74) HG},
Filly ily BY
44, 56
H
aeckel Ssh eee 100
haesitans, Cyrtonybyo-
CELaSS 0. rs es eee de 205
Hall JaMes eee eee 78, 205
Hampden Beach, New
Zealand ........... 4 159, 162,
165
Hamtkentn aimee ee ee GS
hantkKeninoides, Plum-
merella 3 text fig. 17 Silly ok)
costata, Plummerella
3, text fig. 18 9, 37
inflata, Plummerella
3; text fie, 19) ice 9, 37
Haplozoa 2 na eer hasere 95
Haragan marie. 136
Harper (GiiwWereewecre 76, 98
Hastigerinella .....:............ 10, 52
Hastigerinoides ................ emO:
ial bys
Hecatoceras 187, 188,
195, 225
Helicotoma Deere ew L 192
helvetica, Globetrun-
cana eae 46
Hemiaechminoides S133
Hill, B. L. see Morris,
Rew. and Hill, Bak: 127
Vs HUD IDs 189
Hills, C. L. 189
Heretaungsanye 162
Hetercstelea .. = 95
hexacamerata, Globig-
CTLTVG Were beeen See 7
Hobart, Tasmania ee 191
holmi, ‘Ormoceras haaee 210
ELOLOMCAy meet eee ee 192
Homaloz0a ou... 95
Hormotoma meee eee 192
Hornibrook, N. de Be 157, 163
hornibrooki, Globiger-
IND, eS eee eek 154, 163,
165
aff. hornibrooki- Glo-
bigerina ....... Ae 12 163
huxleyi, Ateleocystis
text fig. 2
Hyolithes
Ida Bay, Tasmania
idaense, Trocholitocer-
inaequalis, Aechmina ....
indianensis, Paraech-
mina
inflata, Plummerella a
infra-cretacea,
erina ...
insigne, Allocotocer-
as
insperatum, Gasconso-
ceras
Giobig-
J
Jaekel (Ono Neate,
JENOlOCELAS Te ee ee
johnstoni, Ormoceras on
ees a: 14, 15
Junee “Caves, Tasmania
K
Kackeraboite Creek,
IATISETA Ay eee ee =,
Kakaho Creek, New
ACDIAN OC fe ee
Kansas
Kapur Ridge-Stone Ri-
ver
Kawasakiceras
Kellett, Betty
kellettae, Spinobair-
dia 9
King Extended ‘Hill,
Tasmania
Kirk, E.
Kirkocystinae
Kirkocystis ...
kirtoni, Beloitoceras ....
oer rd 17
Kobayashi, T
de Koninck, L. G.
Kotoceras
Kugler, H. G.
396
ests aie
193
195, 198
189, 193,
230
75, 110, 113
205
192, 209
193, 207
159
159, 165
16
153, 173
197
132
138
192
88, 92, 93,
110, 113
96
94
193, 224
L
kaenocystida ...............-.
Lagnocystidae .................
Lagynocystinae ................
lapparenti, Globotrun-
cana
tricarinata, Globotrun-
cana
Larapintine formation ..
lata, Rzehakina
latipedunculata, Rheno-
cystis
Launceston, Tasmania. ..
CGY I MIN IVI rset
Lea Park shale ................
Leperditia
“Leperditia”’
Lewis, A. N.
linaperta, Globiger-
ina
Linormoceras
Lituites
tion
Lloydminster shale
Lodo formation
Lodo Gulch, California
loetterlei, Globigerina ..
longinguum, Hecatocer-
aseewlo) ... text igs
Lophospira.
“Machaeridea”
Machaeridia
Mackey Webi ee
macrocephala, Rugoglo-
bigerina, ... (2) :.. text
fi NOM on eee ee ee
macrocephala ornata,
Rugoglobigerina ... 2
text fig. 10
Madiganella .....
Maestrichtian: (223)
magnum, Actinoceras ..
Armenoceras
INDEX
188, 192
154
99
200, 203,
209
6
8
133
132
189
154, 157,
163, 164,
165
208
188
153, 155,
159, 160,
162-164,
167, 169,
173, 174
8, 13
158
158
13
188, 192,
227
192
103
94
114
9, 17, 25
9, 25
192
6, 18, 23
209
209
Manchuroceras
marksi, Globigerina
Wkeraibaly Iie WO eo ennscoeee
Matakohe, New Zealand
Matumoto, T. ..
mayaroensis, Globo-
truncana
Maydena, Tasmania
Maysville group
Maysville subseries
Memillan formation
meeki, Enoploura ..... 8
menardii, Globigerina ..
messinae messinae,
Globigerinella
text fig. 20
messinae subcarinata,
Globigerinella .......... 1
GExtefipee QI a.
Metaspyroceras
mexicana, Aragonella ....
Hantkenina
Miami University
Microcystis
Midway Paleocene ..........
Mildred, Texas
DV fall reaper ee
minima, Rzehakina ......
Mitrata + eee seer
Mitrocystella
Mitrocystida
Mitrocystidae
Mitrocystis . yee
monospinus, Hemiaech-
MINOLGCS Heese ee 10
Newsomites ..................
Morne Diablo area,
slayer CLA) Clee
18} Ly,
New Ostracoda from
the Middle Silurian
Newsom Shale of
Tennessee
Morrow, A. L...
Mt. Auburn beds
Mt. Hope member .
Mt. Lyell Mine, Tas-
MANIA eee ere ae in
multicubiculatum, Ny-
DYOCEEAS! Gavrees: 15
Murchisoni, Orthoceras
397
195, 198
157
156
168
208
155, 156
189, 207
106
75, 107
76, 100
75, 86, 109
174
7, 10, 42,
47
10, 44
211
37
37
132
102
172, 173
172, 173
205
154
79, 88, 96
82, 87,
96, 107
75
96
82, 87, 96
133, 134
135
6
127
16
76, 109
76
225
192, 202
188
Mus. Nat. Hist., Basle ..
Mysterioceras
Nadeau, Mrs. E. H. ........
Naheola formation ........
Nakkadys Ss Hie Se
Navarro clay
Navarro group
IN@QUSSS CALS Wey ee
INGIVEU TR ee ee ae) a
ING WiLOMN An eee eres
New Zealand
Newsom shale
Newsom, Tennessee .......
newsomensis, Hyolithes
Newsomites
Niobrara formation
nitida, Globigerina
Nybyoceras
Obata, T.
obliquum, Hecatoceras
ro kO™.2, TEXE Plo.
Old Flux Quarry, Tas-
mania
d’Orbigny, A.
Ormoceras
ornata, Rugoglobigerina
Zee text ties LO
Orthoceras
Osgood, Indiana
Oslo, Norway
ouachitensis, Globiger-
Pachydomella
Pahi, New Zealand
INDEX
6, 13,
18, 23
187, 192,
214, 215
132
131, 140
16
157, 158
187, 188,
199, 210
189
199, 212
192, 226,
228
192, 225
16
187, 188,
192, 205,
207
9, 27
188
76, 103, 108
137, 141
Paleocene -4s.22 Se eee 10
Paleont. Research In-
StIGUbION ee eee 6, 136-142
pandion, Beloitoceras .... 225
Panoche Quadrangle .... 158
Paparoa, New Zealand. 168
Paraechmina ries 132
parallela, Thlipsuroides 136
Paravaginoceras . SME 197
parvodepressum, Para
VASINOCETAS © mace. 2 197
IPAGbeLSOM sm VWicmideee este 78
paucicubiculatum, Ny-
DYOCCKAS ee 14 192, 200
peduncle. 75
PelmatozOdeer ee: 94
Penny see EVV es 34
pennyi, Rugoglobiger-
ina 4 ... text fig. 14 9, 34
Peridionites see 95
pertumidus, Newsom-
ACCS eee eee 10 141
Phanassymetria. .............. 134, 139
Phle series yee, 16
BeDragcMOCerLaSs a. sees: 183
Placocystellinae ©.............. 75
PIScocystiday eee 75, 97
PIA@COCYStIGAE ..c.ccsesecces. 75, 79, 97
PIACOCYSUS eee 79, 88
Piacocystidaew 75
Placocystingey ~.-. 75
Pilacostellae:. 89, 97
planispira, Globigerina 13
planoconvexa, Bairdia .. 132
Plummer, Helen Jeanne 8, 9, 37
Plummerellay v2.25. ae Os 0:
16, 18, 23,
SiseloD
Plummenita, (ee 155
Pointe-a-Pierre, Trin-
Idad- ek ae ee 6
Ponta Grossa beds ........ 89
Pope; JOnn Kee 76, 106, 114
popei, Enoploura . Ny
a or ne 5, 6, 8 (ie Che
83-86,
99, 102-105
Port Philip, Australia .. 159
Portsdown, England ...... 13
portsdownensis, Globig-
(3 G00 Ts PM oa, Bennet see ao care 13
primitiva, Globiger-
ID aU nae eer eri 11 154, 157,
158, 161
398
INDEX
Globoquadrina .............. 159
PLOSODONE Ae eee. 83
pseudo-bulloides, Glo-
DIZeriNa yen. 13 9, 154,
157, 169
Pseudocypris) =........--... 141
Pseudocyproides .............. 131, 141
pustulata, Rugoglobig-
CEE U0 dh a ee ae 9
Q
“Queen River Series’’ .... 192
Queenstown, Tasmania 188, 225
R
Railton, Tasmania ........ 188, 190,
192, 193
Rambat marl ees 15330159:
161, 162,
163, 167, 169
Raphistoman 192
Rasselas Valley, Tasma-
TOE a er Ok, 189, 222
Re omen BG 8 eet costes ceces 95
Reichel® Mi e248. eae 8, 19
reicheli, Rugoglobiger-
iia eS) ey LeXG! fos:
A) Gye bead eee Dae ee heer eh tard 8, 9, 14
ie alg
hexacamerata, Rugo-
globigerina —.....000000..... 7, 9, 14
pustulata, Rugoglo-
bigerina ... 2 .... text
OU EASG, (5 A ae 9205823
VEL eAeerVIs. te eon 188
IRSIGO 7s Col o Emenee me oeeae 153
renzi, Globotruncana 46
richardsoni, Actinocer-
CL 5 5a a ee ee - 209
richteri, Orthoceras ...... 207
robusta, Aechminaria. .... 132
robustum, Jeholoceras .. 205
rohi, Hastigerinoides
I text fen 290.2 10, 5d
rotundata rugosa, Ru-
goglobigerina yell,
pext: es, 15, 16 2: 9, 34
RMIpPIGOGYStisS, ..........2. se 89, 91,
94, 97
rugosa, Globigerina ...... 8
rugosa, Rugoglobiger-
ina ... text figs. 11-13 8, 9, 16,
28-33
penneyi, Rugoglobiger-
ina ... 4, text fig. 14 .. 9, 34
Rugoglobigerina ............ 7, 8, 9,
LOG Helis
56, 155
Rugoglobigerina macro-
cephalarerouph ee 7
Rugoglobigerina rugosa
STOUD Kei eer ots 7
EUZehia) klar eee ee 154
NS)
Sactocerads)) eae es. 207
San Fernando area,
AR BVONCE NC, he ecnceonessoshoucce 6
SChackolna wees mee 19, 37
Schweinfurth, S. ............ 76, 108
Scott, E. Cooper ............ 57
scotti, Trinitella .... 4,
WEG IRE. EXD) eoassocasescoosaeooe 7, 9, 56-58
Schucherts (Cie 92
Senckenberg Museum .. 137, 141
senilis, Globigerina ...... 168
EN OMIA eer ee eee 6
Shepherds Vie He 153
Shideler Week eee 132
shideleri, Spinobair-
CbIE) = SR tee ee een 9 138
PSVeuUOOUWADY, Sy ecg crease onace 199, 212
SinclaireG awe 114
sinuosa, Bythocypris 132
Smelter’s Quarry, Tas-
TIVATIT AG sees then ee 192, 199,
213, 229
Soldado formation ........ isp} ib}
159, 160,
162, 163
soldadoensis, Globiger-
TT Ce ee ee 11 154, 156,
157, 161
South) Dakotaae wee 16
SPINODALdia eee Seal
Spyroceras ne eee 211
St. Germain, Bassin de
IPAS) era COn ee ee 4
stainforthi, Globigerina 154, 155
steanei, Manchurocer-
BST Se sae 14 195
stefani, Globotruncana 46
stem Fee 5 seven bee Oe 75
Stereoplasmoceras .......... 214
Stocker, Joseph ...._...... 107
399
Stonelick Creek, Ohio ..
striatopunctata, Thlip-
SUTa 4... weenie eons
Stromatoceras
stylocone
subcarinata, Globigerin-
ella
subdigitata, Globiger-
BIL OS Fog eee boa Renee
Subspyroceras ..................
pons, 1S IES oocostcocaenore
T
taroubaensis, Globiger-
ina Rs: naeeees 4
VIRPISTOOVENOUEEY, occ encrnnenecrocaronere
tasmaniense, Orthony-
DYOCErAS|) =f. 15
Tetradiume |... ee
TaSMaNnoceras’ ..........0c00
tatei, Actinoceras ............
MAaVlor sagem ey:
‘Reichert: uC oes eee
Teichert, Curt, and
Glenister, B. F.
Ordovician and Silur-
ian Cephalopods from
Tasmania =e
teicherti, Stereoplasmo-
ceras
Tetradium 7... te noel
Teurian
Thalmann, Hans
Thalmanninella
theca, Orthoceras
Thlipsuroides
thlipsuroides,
oides
Thomas, D. E.
Ticinella
Todd, Ruth
Tombigbee River, Ala-
bama ad :
Tower Lake, Ohio
Trechmanny (C5 eee
Treptoceras
tricarinata,
CON en sete es cea ee
triloculinoides, Globig-
erina . 2213
Thlipsur-
Globotrun-
INDEX
106
136
187, 189,
193, 214,
- 216
78, 81, 111
10
50
211
131
154, 166
187
193, 206
192
188, 189,
195, 198
188, 192
16
189
154, 155,
163, 165,
172
aff. triloculinoides, Glo-
eaDIPeTING ...:.0..00.00.- 12 162
ABPINIG AGS 63. occ eee 5; 6,9), 10;
1 ssl 4s
16-18,
23, 153
Morini tellay. .:..2en eee 9, 10, 56
"EFOCHOCELIAS | ..........05. aes 188
Trocholitoceras. ...:.... .... 187, 192,
195, 215, 229
ErOedSsonh Ga eles eee: 199, 210
Udrworool oe [Si Ni ge eeseeccee ences 8
MubpuUlibaAindiay ee 134, 139
turgida, Globigerina 13 154, 157,
167
Turonian-Senonian ........ 6
TUE CPAs) eee ces: 103
Turure area, Trinidad .. 14
tururensis, Globigerin-
ella .... 1, text fig. 27:. 8, 10, 51
Twelvetrees, W. H. ........ 188
typicum, Kotoceras ....... 197
U
Upper Cretaceous .......... 5, 7-10,
13, 14, 16, 18,
195225 23
Ulrich, E. O. fe 109, 131
U. S. National Museum 6, 135,
137-142
Vv
Vallandingham, George 78
Van Fossen, J. D. ........ 100
Velasco formation .......... 157
WeneZlelaeee en 17
Vermilion area, Alberta §,, 13
Victoria, Australia ........ 159
voluta, Globigerinella .... 44
Ww
Waal Danii pe se 32
Waldron shale ................ 131
waldronensis, Beyrich-
If? vaste ea 132
Walker Creek, Texas .... 32
Wards, “iit Keer seers 188
Washington University 131, 1382
Washita group ................ 13}
Waynesville beds ............ 109
Wenlock Silurian .......... 139
Wetherby, A. G.sess: 75, 101
wetherbyi, Enoploura 6 75, 86, 101
400
Whites Chalkis.
Whitehouse, F. W. ........
Whitfield, R. P.
wilcoxensis, Globoro-
Gage 7) SO be ae ers At
acuta, Globorotalia ....
Wilhamson, Me 2222.
WilsonsrAlicam=. ee
Whathers: sl Hs. es
Wolburg, J.
Wiutinoceras’ .2.4..4.5.....
Young, K.
Z
Zeehan, Tasmania ........
zeehanense, Tasmano-
COraSte.. 2 eee ae 17
401
16
188
188, 190,
192, 193
188, 189,
192, 198
sat) =< ‘hig yas he ’ 7
- |g Siagnodtted ooee
as - es
f be hy 7 ie
Petr 2, 2 OR oh i ae
© ‘<a em
URE STE ere hae” mee a i ae
ce Siggowe: “ee
oer ahi ye
ae yh ‘ nf 7 a ; aan
, | eee) a im a” Arty 4 ;
aed 46 Vib, | are © A
<a ih
ey a
a iY 2 rs | pimeee, . ae
ees P wh * VOR c
a ati Ble a ew iS
vai - t oh ”
ce) ie & =\) ia =
ny Te te
ecktetht shan @ :
seal
=
oor
-
a"
~~
~
<n
a 2
“4
_,
>
a4 ; re yi at let _ “1
a Oe .
] t lay Ji es
=
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a se 7
, i, - ies |
ay ; saree ae tr i
‘>
-= ‘= - . ; a
a ieekia ro ii
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~ a a?
5 et ine P re a)
y : 7 in _ rr} bs
' |) a - = + :
f so" |) 6a
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2 > . ‘ ye ‘Na ban
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4
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a
¢
a,
XXIL
XXIII
XXIV.
XXV.
XXVI.
XXVIL
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX.
XXXII.
XXXII.
XXXIIL
XXXIV.
XXXYV.
Volume I.
II.
IT].
CONOSS 9 25= 26) cf) aD ODD iG Lie PSs ns clorereterctetavenlestolete(ahereleieleisiocate
Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera.
(Nos. 77-79). 251 pp., 35 pls.
Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of
Conrad.
(Nos. 80-87). 334 pp., 27 pls.
Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 88-94B). 306 pp., 30 pls.
Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia,
Mesozoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and
Maryland Miocene mollusks.
(Nos. 95-100). 420 pp., 58 pls.
Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils,
Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Fogene
corals, and geology and paleontology of Ecuador.
CNost = 101=108)c 2 ST Gln pD ee oor DISH) cle eyes ei rersintarc aves ciwierere
Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian
fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela.
(Nos. 109-114). 412 pp., 54 pls.
Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous
and Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams.
(Nos. 115-116). 738 pp., 52 pls.
Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods.
(No. 117). 563 pp., 65 pls.
Jackson Eocene mollusks.
(NGS22 1182128) 458 pp iy sai OlSas rslecraeie oi cic oi ecisystecevareleuesarele
Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and
Pennsylvania crinoids, Cypraeidae, Cretaceous, Mio-
cene and Recent corals, Cuban and Fioridian
forams, and Cuban fossil localities.
(NOS 29 0S See 2945 DP SOD LS-ta veverave) orctetat cs sxoiey cloneveiclctaze wiinle
Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams,
and Mytilarca.
(Nos. 134-139). 448 pp., 51 pls.
Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks,
stratigraphy and paleontology.
(Nos. 140-144; 145 in press).
Trinidad Globigerinidae, Ordovician Enopleura, Tas-
manian Ordovician cephalopods and Tennessee Or-
dovician ostracods, and conularid bibliography.
(Nos. 146-149; 150-152 in press).
G. D. Harris memorial, camerinid and Georgia Paleo-
cene Forminifera, South American Paleozoics, Aus-
tralian Ordovician cephalapods, California Pleisto-
cene Eulimidae, Volutidae and Globotruncana in
Colombia.
ee)
eeoeseeereresese see eeeeeee
eee eer eos e eee eseree sees
eee ees eee eee ees ee eeeee
ere e reese ee eee eee sees eseeeeeee
ee
Ecuadoran
PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA
(Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls.
Monographs of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids.
(Nos. 6-12). 531 pp., 37 pls.
Heliophyllum halli, Tertiary turrids, Neocene Spondyli,
Paleozoic cephalopods, Tertiary Fasciolarias, and
Paleozoic and Recent Hexactinellida.
(Nos. 13-25)
Paleozoic cephalopod structure and phylogeny, Paleo-
zoic siphonophores, Busycon, Devonian fish studies,
gastropod studies, Carboniferous crinoids, Cretaceous
jellyfish, Platystrophia, and Venericardia.
ee
8.00
10.00
9.00
9.00
10.00
10.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY AND PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA
Volume I.
XXL
BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY
(Nos. 1-5). 354 pp., 32 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca.
GNoss 6210) 2 21847 Ppl! PISS iaceseis Gevoiniens orate a caelcraieteet ate $15.00
Tertiary Mollusca and Foraminifera, Paleozoic faunas.
(Nos. 11-15). 402 pp., 29 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and
faunas.
(Nos. 16-21). 161 pp., 26 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and
faunas.
(Nos. 22-30). 437 pp., 68 pls.
Tertiary fossils mainly Santo Domingan, Mesozoic and
Paleozoic fossils.
(No. 31). 268 pp., 59 pls.
Claibornian Eocene pelecypods.
(No. 32). 730 pp., 99 pls.
Claibornian Eocene scaphopods,
cephalopods.
(Nos. 33-36). 357 pp., 15 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca.
(Noss 39-39) 0/462) pps W035 | pst .5. . sielererersrste\orere visiseteraterevele
Tertiary Mollusca mainly from Costa Rica.
(Nos3/40-42)- 382 pp.; 54) piss, jo 22h ockecicleinte seis
Tertiary forams and mollusks mainly from Trinidad
and Paleozoic fossils.
(Nos))'43-46) 5.272) pps) 4) piss yg ciciecese.eisins sivisicies'sewieele
Tertiary, Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils mainly from
Venezuela.
(Nos. 47-48). 494 pp., 8 pls.
Venezuela and Trinidad forams and Mesozoic inverte-
brate bibliography.
(Nos::;'49=50) 7264" ppie 47 pls. os tick eterscictoe acs perseisie dee oe
Venezuelan Tertiary Mollusca and Tertiary Mammalia.
(Nos;:.) 51-54). 306)) pps; 44° QlSs.. eo. vehativerereisisnssesclssemlebove re endtc
Mexican Tertiary forams and Tertiary mollusks of
Peru and Colombia.
(Nos. 55-58). 314 pp., 86 pls.
Mainly Ecuadoran, Peruvian and Mexican
forams and mollusks and Paleozoic fossils.
(Nos:3\59=6)) 140) apps.) 48 piss kins orscce ects teistors or teverel axe eve
Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 62-63). 283 pp., 33 pls.
Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca.
(Nos. 64-67). 286 pp., 29 pls.
Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals.
(NOS 568) e272 pei Ase DIS Ns i. ak hasel dese ehanate oloreteeiatal cores
Tertiary Paleontology, Peru.
(Nos: \69-70©) 3/266 (pp 26) DISh eels oc cisie ne eveusiereveleterere
Cretaceous and Tertiary Paleontology of Peru and
Cuba.
(Noss 71 SI2) i Salyer Bua lS) woe ocriots wale seielaistnteveloie serait
Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy.
Ce
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eeeereese see ee eeeeeoreresreeeeoees
Ce
gastropods, and
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Tertiary
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