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i
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
BuLueTin 166
THE OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED
CRABS OF AMERICA
BY
MARY J. RATHBUN
Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1937
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - - - Price 60 cents
ADVERTISEMENT
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two
series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a
medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec-
tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in
biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms
and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet
form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi-
zations and to specialists and others interested in the different sub-
jects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are
recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, contains
separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological
groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in sev-
eral volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of
type specimens and special collections, and other material of similar
nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a
quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large
plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear
volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States
National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National
Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical
collections of the Museum.
The present work forms no. 166 of the Bulletin series.
ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
Wasuinaton, D. C., September{1, 1937.
II
CONTENTS
Page
AMtETOGUCtIO nme se sees Cree ee ee ee a en oe Se il
Measurements and abbreviations used_--- 22222-22222 _-.._----- 2
The oxystomatous and allied crabs of America___--------------------- 4
Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent_-___------_---- 5
Species on both sides of the continent___-_--_---..--------------- 5
Order.) ccapoua 22a 2 aes Scie ae 6
Keyatowsubtribes of the:tribe. Brachyura-2-. = ee eee 6
SMD trier Gyno pleirase 16s fo ee he A ee ee e 6
amily Ranimage: 2 ee or asa ee Me ee eee SS 6
Cenusricanewoud cS. een eee te ee eee ee aS @
Genussian7 1a eoen ees ee eek See Mien ee ee 17
Genushisiyrerd use ce ee Are es Pt a ES ete 21
GenuseSymethis tesa en Serene Gages CU Eee Ne eke od 24
SUL DCHUOMIACE Rete ts ae Hee t AA nol aS nine once Come te 2S 27
Super amily: romildea= <= een -- cee are eee) oe 2 eS 27
Bamilyebronmtid ac sas @ ements ee 30
CGenustDromia=aa2 2222 2 eae ets ee ae el ee ee 30
Genusen0mid1d =< ae Sa en ee SE ys 32
Cenusgllyjpoconcha ane te. See ee ee ee 44
arnt) yea) VaTO Te Ini ae ea en ee tas See eee 51
GenustDimomence et. eee ee oe ee ee 54
GenuspAcanthodromia= = == a ek ee eee 55
iKamilyHomolodromidaes== 223 an ae ee Be Ae 2 eee 57
GenuseHomolodromiaas =i as ae ee ee ee 58
(Genuse Cranodrom ase ae eee ee ees 59
Supetianiny. Phelxiopedea 22th weed cee ee ow tot ee 61
amily; ihelxdopeld ae = 2s) Sees et ee ee Lt 62
GETS ED CLOLO TICS seh ga eee 62
(Genuseearomola yt at ee ee 68
GenuspHomologentus= see ae ee ee 70
Family Latreilliidae_-____ Se a OO aa See ae ay 73
Genuspiatierll (aaa op mete ae eee eee eae 73
SETI De LOXVSlLOM Abas. oe 2 so oo ee ne Jee ee eee cee se 75
RamilyWorippidae a2. See ea ee ee eee oes oneness 75
Cenusshthwsa ss 2 sepa ee ae ae te ee oe 77
Cenuiseltusiiate ne oe ee ee Res ee ae aap eee 89
GenusiCymonomus= sae ae ee ee ee 96
Genus Cumopoluseeea 4. 2 asec ae L Ro eo 98
(Gentus@o7n cod ts ee eee wae oe 101
GenussCycloderinpe 332 Soe 2 2 see eee ee Fe 103
GenussCiythrocertte= eo se a ee ee 8S 109
amily sbeucoslidaess 5 ee eee ee ee eee ee 121
SubtamilyeWbaliinkessao 2! oi Pete ta Be So 123
(GenuspHe DGG ee ae & pey eert eeeere) aete eee Se e 123
Gents Path Uae pn ee es se ee ee ee 136
GenusiS PelocOpOnusses =. eee eee oe oe ee eee 141
Genus a UUntdene eee ae ie eee SS os ote Se ee 149
iV BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Subtribe Oxystomata—Continued.
Family Leucosiidae—Continued. Page
Subfamily Philyrinae: 222 = se ee ee ee ees 151
Genus Persephond pt 2 FRSA Son eee 151
Gens: iM yropsise: 2252 On Me ot See ee 164
Genus Philyraq SE Vase ee eee 2 ee ee 167
Genus Leucosilia 225 2&2 ns ee 170
Genus ‘Randalita 22. c. 52. See ge oe oe Sees 171
Subfamily: eu cosiins eee appa en pee 183
Genuspiizacanth a sey he 2 ote te eek ee 183
Genus) Callidachlusi ssc ats ee a eee ee 192
Genlls*heucosia 2. a eee ee eee 194
Family Calappidae 9 5. 2 ue eee Fees Say eS Mie eager 196
Subfamily Calappinnaeauaee_ oh) _ oe ee 197
Genus Calappa a. 2. 28.2 5 ee ee eee 197
Genus: Mursta@= <2 = 5 = <= pee ee aaa i ee ere 215
Genus -Acanthocarpus =... peer eee en ee 220
Gents *Cycloés os oe oe ne ee ee ee 220
Subfamily: Matutinaesees Se es Rea eee eee 234
Genus Hepaturieata 2) saeiiet gue tee sie es 82 ee 234
Genus Hepatella. oc hoes Bo 2 eee es es 247
Genus Osachtla: 25. == 25.2 oe te eae rea 248
Subtribe Hapalocarcinides: = 222 = ees oe ie ee ee 258
Family Hapalocarcimid tems. = = eee ee ee ee 259
Gentis’ Hapalocarcinuss 242 ee ee eae eee 259
Genus. Cry piochige se 22 = 8 eh ee eee ee 262
Subtribe Brachygmathaesac soe ee cee ee ae ee 264
Superfamily Brachyrhynelia soa eee ee ee 264
Family Goneplacid aes sea = = ns) eee ae pera Sees Sey 265
Subfamily Carcinoplacinae 2-2 2 twee ee oe eee 365
Gents ‘Geryort eo eee eee nd ee 265
Imdewxieerot ef ee ee os eS ee I eee opm ee 273
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
. Diagram of dorsal view of an oxystomatous crab, showing terms
Used imudescription 4. leah ways Se est ee esse
. Diagram of ventral view of an oxystomatous crab, showing terms
HSed IM GescrippOnes these te at et ee ae
. Carapace and right cheliped of Raninoides loevis_____--------------
ihaninoides benedict, male holotype-==2--=- +=—---- 2-2-2 --5e-
Carapace and right cheliped of Raninoides benedicti__.-------------
Raninoides louisianensis, male holotype.__-_----- -.--------------
Carapace and right cheliped of Raninoides lowisianensis_--_-~ - ee ea
. Carapace and right cheliped of Raninoides lamarcki__--------------
. Carapace and right cheliped of Ranilia angustata, male-_------------
MSU TLEURUS SUC TUOLOSO mene tere eee ee eee ee eR ey Rei eS
. Outline of carapace and eyes of Dromia erythropus, male_-- ~_---- --
. Outline of carapace of Dromidia antillensis, male_..-_-_------------
. Outline of carapace of Dromidia larraburei, female holotype ---------
. Hypoconcha spinosissima, female holotype------------------------
WeAbdomen of Drcranodromia ovata, male_ 2. = 2 eee
MPNNVElL CIO Ne UGTOUGLG IMAG arte ee oe ee oe ee ee
MELT OLOLOGETLUSST OSETALUS ea BN 2 De ee ee eee ee
Belaineniia elegans, temale sets We a eS ee ee a ee
. Antennal and oral region of Ethusa lata, female-_-__-- Bee eee nee
. Anterior part and abdomen of Hthusa ciliatifrons, male_____-_-------
PELLIVIESt ICON GUY SSUCOLO-eIN ALG = = ete ee ee eee e
MPT E AEST ILOS TIUUEILUCL TOs ean ee ee ee a ae Oe ee am eR
. Outline of carapace of Cymonomus quadratus, male_________--------
. Outline of carapace of Cyclodorippe antennaria, male_______--------
. Outline of carapace of Cyclodorippe agassizii, male_____--_----------
Se Ciunnocerus nieaus, femMBle se. oe ee ee BO
MCG LR ROCETILD At US WINGO se aos Se ee See eee ee
EEC LULRTOCenUS per puUsilusntemale. 222-5) 25 enn meee eee ee ee ee
MOLIERTOCERUS MIanus, Male. 2as2 Sek ee Pe en Bee me eee
4 Carapace of Clythrocerus decorus; malese... 22 3.2 - =. 22 222 Lee
siOhthrocerus granulatus; female holotype... 1=-. . -22..-2-2 25-23 =
. Outline of carapace of Clythrocerus stimpsoni, female holotype_------
ME DAMONSLAIE DSON tt TOMI NIGH ea a ee eS
. Ebalia magdalenensis, female holotype__..-----_------------------
pe Odiarcristata male holovypere- soo 2 toe ee eee ee eee
. Carapace, left cheliped, and first and last right ambulatory of Lith-
OAUGROTONULOSAE 2 Eom OE ee Nees ye ee ee fete
. Carapace of Persephona finneganae, male type_____----------------
w@arapace of handaliia, pullugerd,. male. == 82272 Le eS
. Carapsce of Randallia laevis, male holotype___-__------------ aes
Winandatwaragaricras, male holotype. 2 2-22 -—- -— ee ee ee = ee
BIA CONINGLLOGACULUS MONO. 2. So oe ee ne ee ee
. Outline of carapace of Iliacantha schmittt.___.__..__---------------
Page
12
13
13
19
26
31
33
35
46
65
71
74
84
88
91
93
98
104
105
110
110
111
114
118
120
121
125
129
134
141
161
176
DAL
178
187
192
VI
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
oe
~
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Calappa saussurei, male holotype
Hepatus lineatus, male
Osachila lata, males) 639 es Seance a= Soe a eee
Dorsal view, antennae and antennules, chela, and third maxilliped
of ‘Ha palocarciius marsupials, temales-.-- — ee
Cryptochirus corallicola plenaale== 3 222s ee ee ee ee
PLATES
(FOLLOWING PAGE 272)
2. Species of Raninoides.
4. Species of Ranilia.
5. Species of Ranilia, Lyreidus, and Symethis.
6. Dromia eryihropus.
7. Species of Dromidia.
8. Species of Hypoconcha and larval dromid, Evius.
9-11. Species of Hypoconcha.
22-—
26,
12. Dynomene ursula and Acanthodromia erinacea.
14. Species of Homolodromia and Dicranodromia.
16. Species of Thelxiope.
17. Homologenus rostratus.
19. Species of Paromola.
21. Latreillia elegans.
25, 28. Species of Hthusa.
27. Species of Hthusina.
29-31. Species of Corycodus, Cymopolus, Cymonomus, and HEthusint.
33,
35,
32. Species of Cyclodorippe.
34. Species of Clythrocerus.
37. Species of Ebalia.
36. Species of Uhlias and Ebalia.
38. Species of Lithadza.
39-41. Species of Speloeophorus.
42-45. Species of Persephona.
46. Myropsis quinquespinosa.
47. Philyra pisum.
48. Leucostlia jurinei.
49-52. Species of Randallia.
53-57. Species of Iliacantha.
58. Callidactylus asper.
59-65. Species of Calappa.
66,
67. Mursia gaudichaudit.
68. Acanthocarpus bispinosus.
69. Species of Acanthocarpus and Cycloés.
70-75. Species of Hepatus.
85,
76. Species of Hepatella.
77. Species of Osachila.
78. Species of Osachila and Cryptochirus.
79. Species of Osachila and Hapalocarcinus.
80. Clythrocerus laminatus and Raninoides ecuadorensis.
81. Cyclodorippe bouviert.
82. Species of Hbalia and Osachila.
83. Iliacantha schmittt and Osachila galapagensis.
84. Randallia minuta.
86. Geryon quinquedens.
Page
207
246
258
260
262
THE OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF
AMERICA
By Mary J. RatHBun
Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum
INTRODUCTION
Tus voLuME is the fourth of a series of handbooks on American
crabs; the others are United States National Museum Bulletins 97,
129, and 152, on the grapsoid, spider, and cancroid crabs of America,
respectively. The introductory remarks in those bulletins relating
to sources of material, special researches, acknowledgments, and glos-
sary of terms apply to the present work also.
In recent years the most fruitful expeditions, so far as collecting
American crabs is concerned, were those of the Velero IIT on the Pacific
coast, sponsored by Capt. G. Allan Hancock.’ In consequence, 16
new species or subspecies have been added to the groups here de-
scribed. Various stops were made in Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama,
Ecuador, Peru, and the Galapagos Islands, where Crustacea were
collected by Dr. W. L. Schmitt, Dr. C. M. Fraser, Dr. H. W. Manter,
Dr. W. R. Taylor, John Garth, and Fred Ziesenhenne. Dredging was
carried to a depth of 150 fathoms. New Pacific forms were obtained
by Steve A. Glassell and Herbert N. Lowe, especially at the head of
the Gulf of California, which, it appears, has developed a fauna of its
own. We have also benefited through the courtesy of the California
Academy of Sciences, which has loaned material obtained by the
Crocker expedition on the Zaca. Dr. Manuel Valerio, of San Jose,
has from time to time added to our knowledge of the Costa Rican
fauna.
The Museum also has been enriched by vast collections of crabs
from South America obtained by Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt in the course
of two extended series of explorations in South American waters
under the auspices of the Walter Rathbone Bacon scholarship.
Besides the material collected, Dr. Schmitt was able to arrange
advantageous exchanges with various South American museums and
when that was not feasible to borrow specimens for study. In this
way many gaps in the National Museum collections were filled, both
as to species and numbers, and our knowledge of the fauna greatly
increased.
1 We are indebted to Captain Hancock for permission to publish these records in advance of the formal
publication of the results of the expeditions.
1
3 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
On the Atlantic coast the Carnegie Marine Biological Laboratory
at Tortugas, Dr. William H. Longley, director, has enlarged its scope,
enabling Dr. Schmitt and others to make expeditions to deeper water
than previously. The results have added notably to our knowledge
of the fauna of the region. The Johnson-Smithsonian expedition of
1933 to the Puerto Rican Deep, Dr. Paul Bartsch, naturalist, secured
a goodly number of Gymnopleura and Oxystomata, including an un-
FIGURE 1.—Diagram of dorsal view of an oxystomatous crab, showing the terms used in description. By
Waldo L. Schmitt.
described species. Dr. Horace G. Richards has continued his con-
tributions to our collections, while Stewart Springer discovered a
new giant Calappa in the Gulf of Mexico. The State University of
Jowa has been very helpful in putting its collection of Decapoda at
our disposal; it is now part of a loan deposit in the United States
National Museum.
MEASUREMENTS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED
EXPLANATION OF MEASUREMENTS
The length of the carapace, unless otherwise stated, is measured on
the median line, from the anterior to the posterior margin.
The width of the carapace is measured at the widest part.
The fronto-orbital width or exorbital width is measured from the
outer angle of one orbit to the outer angle of the other.
The length of the articles of the chelipeds and legs is measured on
the upper or anterior margin. The length of the whole cheliped or
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
Qo
leg is measured on the lower margin, from the articulation of the coxa
with the sternum to the tip of the dactylus.
The width of articles of the chelipeds and legs is measured at the
widest part.
The length of the immovable finger is measured from the tip to the
extremity of the sinus between the fingers.
See figures 1 and 2 for diagrams of an oxystomatous crab.
FIGURE 2.—Diagram of ventral view of an oxystomatous crab, showing the terms used in description. By
Waldo L. Schmitt.
CHARACTER OF BOTTOM
Under ‘Material examined” and in the tables the abbreviations
indicating the character of the bottom are those employed by the
U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. Nouns begin with a capital, adjectives
with a small letter.
kere. black Gist es eee grass | 2( 8 | Pigeon p a A rotten
bre_ 202) brown py St ORD EIGe gray SS) ona sand
brke- heer broken hrdisryhay = tected hard setrd aes. Fealets scattered
bueweis so blue Ise. ee ee large SO ie ape an tie sandy
cale_____.-_ calcareous Nis os ee light Bite ste fee ose soft
Wor soee ue = coral Meroe ee ee mud Sites ren eens shells
COMM = eee coralline INTO Cte nee teers nodules™ ("sm s-2e 2 small
CISeee Ss see coarse Ons, Peel 00ze Spit Ss VGos __specks
Gkes ative: dark Pie Ths melee ite pebbles | St_....________stones
fries y= fine Bohra t eee pteropod | stky_.._._..___sticky
Or eas sa G Foraminifers,|k oo sas Sk rock VOlwers eee eee voleanie
(ee eet es gravel RO ea rae red Ped ahs wae eee seaweed
Globs.225.2 globigerina RE toe seined oe reef peda iedeclvee st oelY! ere white
4 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ADDITIONAL ABBREVIATIONS AND NOTES
Tn the lists under ‘‘Material examined” and elsewhere, a number in
parentheses following an indication of a specimen or specimens de-
notes a catalog number of the United States National Museum unless
otherwise indicated. M. C. Z.=Museum of Comparative Zoology;
P. M. Y. U.=Peabody Museum of Yale University; 5. U. I.= Museum
of the State University of Iowa; Mus. Paulista is at Sado Paulo,
Brazil; the words “‘U. S. Fisheries Steamer” should be understood
before Albatross, Fish Hawk, Grampus, and Speedwell; and ‘‘U. S.
Coast Survey Steamer’ before Bache, Blake, and Hassler; Zaca=
Croker Expedition, California Academy of Sciences; Anton Dohrn
in the Atlantic—Carnegie Institution; Anton Dohrn in the Pacific=
Venice Marine Biological Station, University of California; y=young.
In the color notes made by Dr. Schmitt, the 1886 edition of Ridg-
way’s ‘Nomenclature of Colors’ is used.
THE OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
Of the crabs treated in this volume, the Gymnopleura are the most
unique and the most primitive, being derived from the Macrura.?
The anterior thoracic sterna are broad, the posterior narrow and
keel-like, carapace elongate in the shape of an urn, the last pair of
legs reduced and dorsal in position. Represented in America by
only four genera.
The Dromiacea include the “hairy crabs’, which are typically
subglobose, and others that are subquadrate, but all with a narrow
front. The outer maxillipeds have the merus and ischium sub-
quadrangular. The last one or two pairs of feet are small and
subdorsal and hold jn place a sponge, ascidian, or shell, which is
used for concealment. The subtribe contains two superfamilies, in
one of which the eyes are 2-jointed.
The Oxystomata are by far the largest group represented. They
include the circular or ball-shaped crabs, the box or shame-faced
crabs, and the smaller, usually flat and shield-shaped dorippids, or
mask crabs, in which the legs of the last two pairs are short, slender,
and elevated. In the oxystomes the mouth parts taper narrowly
toward the front. The Calappidae, or shame-faced crabs, are
distinguished by their large chelae, which when closed spread over
the anterior part of the ventral surface.
The subtribe Hapalocarcinidea is represented on this continent by
two genera and species, both of which live in coral galls. Its position
in the Brachyura has not been definitely determined.
The single example of the subtribe Brachygnatha is inserted here
because it was accidentally omitted from Bulletin 97, ‘The Grapsoid
Crabs of America’’, Geryon quinquedens, p. 266.
2 See Bourne, The Raninidae, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 35, p. 25, 1922.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
FAMILY RANINIDAE
ATLANTIC PaciFic
Raninoides loevis. Raninoides benedictt.
Ranilia muricata. Ranilia angustata.
Ranilia constricta. Ranilia fornicata.
FAMILY DROMIIDAE
Dromidia antillensis. Dromidia larraburet.
Hypoconcha arcuata. Hypoconcha panamensis.
FAMILY DORIPPIDAE
Ethusa mascarone americana. Ethusa mascarone panamensis.
Ethusa microphthalma. Ethusa lata.
Ethusina abyssicola. Ethusina smithiana.
FAMILY LEUCOSIIDAE
Ebalia cariosa. Ebalia magdalenensis.
Uhlias limbatus. Uhlias ellipticus.
Persephona punctata punctata. Persephona subovata.
Iliacantha liodactylus Iliacantha hancockt.
Iliacantha sparsa. Iliacantha schmittt.
FAMILY CALAPPIDAE
Calappa flammea. Calappa convexa.
Calappa angusta. Calappa saussuret.
Hepatus princeps. Hepatus kossmannt.
Osachila antillensis. Osachila galapagensis.
SPECIES ON BOTH SiDES OF THE CONTINENT
FAMILY RANINIDAE
Raninoides loevis.
Symethis variolosa.
FAMILY DORIPPIDAE
Ethusa mascarone americana.
FAMILY CALAPPIDAE
Cycloés bairdit.
Order DECAPODA
Suborder REPTANTIA
Tribe BRACHYURA
KEY TO SUBTRIBES OF THE TRIBE BRACHYURA
A}, Anterior thoracic sterna very broad, posterior thoracic sterna
narrow and keel-like. Posterior thoracic epimera largely
exposed by reduction of the branchiostegite__.. GYMNOPLEURA (p. 6)
A?, Anterior thoracic sterna not unusually broad, posterior thoracic
sterna not keel-like. Posterior thoracic epimera covered by
branchiostegite.
B!. Mouth field (endostome) prolonged forward to form a gutter.
Last pair of legs normal or abnormal. Female openings
generally sternal. First abdominal limbs lacking in female.
Gills Pew 2 2s aoa ee ae een OXYSTOMATA (p. 75)
B?. Mouth field roughly square.
C1. Buccal cavity covered by the external maxillipeds or
nearly so.
D!. Last pair of legs abnormal, dorsal. Female openings
coxal. First abdominal limbs of female present.
(Grills erst alll aeiran ey ray eee ere DROMIACEA (p. 27)
D?, Last pair of legs normal, rarely reduced or dorsal.
Female openings sternal. First abdominal limbs
of femalelacking. Gills few___---- BRACHYGNATHA 3 (p. 264)
C?. Buccal cavity very wide, not covered by the narrow
external maxillipeds___.__------. HAPALOCARCINIDEA (p. 258)
Subtribe GYMNOPLEURA Bourne
Gymnopleura Bourne, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 35, p. 55, 1922.
Anterior thoracic sterna broad, posterior thoracic sterna narrow
and keel-like; posterior thoracic epimera largely exposed by reduction
of branchiostegite; female openings on coxae; last pair of pereiopods
dorsal in position, normal or reduced in size; sternal canal present;
thoracic nerve ganglion-chain elongate; antennary sternum triangular,
spout-shaped; branchiae eight on each side. (Bourne.)
Family RANINIDAE Dana
Raninidae Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 390,
1852; pt. 2, p. 1428, 1853.—HrnpERson, Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger,
Anomura, vol. 27, p. 27 (characters on p. 26), 1888.—Atucocxk, Journ.
Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 288, 1896.—Bourns, Journ. Linn. Soc.
London, Zool., vol. 35, p. 56 et seg., 1922.
3 In this buNetin the genus Geryon only, family Goneplacidae.
6
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 7
Carapace remarkably elongate, but not covering the abdominal
terga, the first four or five of which lie exposed in the dorsal plane
of the body. The last pair of legs also is raised in the dorsal plane
of the body. Antennae large; antennules also large, but they do not
fold into fossettes. The vasa deferentia protrude through the bases
of the fifth pair of legs; the oviducts pierce the basis of the third
pair of legs. The sternum is broad anteriorly, very narrow or linear
posteriorly. A pair of respiratory orifices between the tergum of the
first abdominal segment and the coxae of the last pair of pereiopods.
The external maxillipeds completely cover the buccal cavern, and
their palp is concealed in repose; their exopodite is but little longer
than the ischium. The branchiae are less than nine in number on
either side. (After Alcock.)
Manus very flat, terminating in a finger so bent that the movable
finger is applied against the anterior border of the hand.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY RANINIDAE
A!. Fronto-orbital border more than half width of carapace.
B!. Orbits of moderate size, slightly oblique, situated on anterior
border of carapace. Last pair of legs slender-_--_-- Raninoides (p. 7)
B2. Orbits very large, deep cavities in lower side of carapace,
which form a V, with point at rostrum. Last pair of
leps nob unusually slender:o22_..2.-ss2-5-5-5-2-=+-- Ranilia (p. 17)
A?. Fronto-orbital border less than half width of carapace.
B!. Carapace smooth. Chelae broad and flat_------------- Lyreidus (p. 21)
B?. Carapace eroded. Chelae elongate, manus swollen, fingers
longvandislender. 254.2. 2 bie a oliose oe Canty Symethis (p. 24)
Genus RANINOIDES Milne Edwards
Raninoides MitnE Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 196,
1837 [type, R. loevis (Latreille)]—Atucocx, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol.
65, p. 292, 1896.
Carapace elongate-obovate, strongly convex from side to side,
often nearly twice as long as broad, its surface for the most part
smooth, regions undefined. Fronto-orbital border slightly less than
greatest width of carapace. Eyes typically small but distinct, eye-
stalks broadly dilated at base, orbits slightly oblique. Antennules
about equal in size to antennae; antennae with a stout peduncle and
slender flagellum, the peduncle not concealing the antennulary
peduncle. Merus of external maxillipeds usually shorter than
ischium, its edges slightly thickened and raised. Sternum broad
between chelipeds and as far as the bases of the second pair of true
legs, then becoming extremely narrow. Last pair of legs abnormally
short and slender, arising much in advance of the penultimate pair.
Abdomen of both sexes with seven separate segments. (After
Alcock.)
Atlantic and Pacific coasts of America; Indian Ocean; East Indies.
8 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS RANINOIDES
A!. Only one lateral spine on carapace. More than three frontal
prominences.
B!. Two spines on carpus of cheliped.
C!. A spine at distal end of merus of cheliped. Four spines
on lower margin of manus. A spine at base of mobile
finger.
D!. Lateral tooth not reaching middle of length of outer
frontal tooths22) 332 22h ws fee Se fe ee loevis (p. 8)
D?. Lateral tooth longer, reaching middle of length of outer
frontal toothty. she 4s se ele oe ee benedicti (p. 9)
C?. No spine at distal end of merus of cheliped.
D',. A spine at base of mobile finger. Five or six spines on
lower margin of manus>-=----222-. 5. See louisianensis (p. 12)
D?. No spine at base of mobile finger. Three spines on lower
margin of manus.
E!. Anterior end of carapace roughly granulate. A well-
marked lateral tooth on rostrum______--_- ecuadorensis (p. 15)
E?. Anterior end of carapace smooth to naked eye.
Rostrum laterally angled, not toothed___-_-_-_- lamarcki (p. 13)
B?. Only one spine, and that rudimentary, on carpus of cheliped_ fossor (p. 16)
A?. Two lateral spines on carapace. Only three frontal promi-
LCT COS see ae ae ee ee ee nitidus (p. 16)
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF RANINOIDES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PaciIFic
loevis. benedictt.
RANINOIDES LOEVIS (Latreille)
FiaureE 3; Puate 1, Ficures 1, 2
Ranina dorsipes DesMAREsT, Considerations générales sur la classe des Crustacés,
p. 140, pl. 19, fig. 2, 1825; not R. dorsipes Lamarck, 1818.
Ranina loevis LATREILLE, Encyclopédie méthodique, Hist. Nat., vol. 10, p. 268,
1825 (type locality unknown; type in Paris Mus.).
Ranina levis MILNE Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 197, 1837.
Raninoides laevis A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 34, 1880.
Raninoides loevis RATHBUN, Univ. Iowa Studies Nat. Hist., vol. 9, no. 5, p. 66,
1921.
Raninoides laevis lamarcki Boont, Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 2, p. 48
(part), pl. 9, fig. A, 1930; not R. l. var. lamarcki Milne Edwards and Bouvier,
1923.
Diagnosis.—A spine at distal end of merus of cheliped; two spines
on carpus; four spines on inner margin of manus; one spine at base of
mobile finger.
Description.—The four sinuses of the front appear longer than they
are, owing to their continuance in a narrow gutter. The sinuses bor-
dering the 3-toothed rostrum are not parallel but converge posteriorly.
The tooth next to the rostrum is spine-tipped, the spine reaching to a
line midway between the tip of the median tooth and the tip of the
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 9
submedian tooth. The succeeding sinus is longitudinal. Outer
orbital tooth bifid, the inner branch very short, dentiform, the outer
branch long, slender, and curved, tip directed inward but not quite
reaching level of intermediate tooth. Hepatic spine slender, slightly
curved. The spines of the cheliped are as follows: A small sharp
spine near distal inner end of ischium; a curved spine at upper ex-
tremity of merus; two unequal spines placed obliquely-transversely
on distal half of carpus, the outer spine much the larger; a similar
spine near distal end of outer margin of manus and four irregular
spines on inner margin; about 13 small spines on prehensile edge of
immovable finger; a very small spine at proximal end of outer margin
of dactyl. Distal end of dactyls of first and second ambulatories
slender; inner edge of third dactyl very arcuate, outer edge distinctly
hollowed.
if
FIGURE 3.—Raninoides loevis: a, Anterior portion of carapace; 6, distal half of right cheliped, upper surface.
Color (66749).—Grayish across middle, little yellowish brown
anteriorly, all so faint that in life it is almost colorless; beneath with
red flecks at base of antennae.
Measurements —Male (22560), length of carapace 34, width at
middle 19.6, width between tips of hepatic spines 19.3, width of front
12.6 mm.
Range.—West coast of Florida to north coast of South America and
Barbados; Pacific coast of Panama and Colombia; 10 to 40 fathoms,
107 fathoms (Barbados).
Material eramined.—See table 1, page 10.
RANINOIDES BENEDICTI Rathbun
Fiaures 4, 5; Puate 1, Figures 7, 8
Raninoides laevis lamarcki Boone, Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 2, p. 48
(part), pl. 9, figs. B, C 1930 (Pearl Islands, Panama); not R. l. var. lamarcki
Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923.
Raninoides benedicti Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, p. 1, 1935
(type locality, off La Paz Bay, Mexico; type, U.S.N.M. no. 57685).
Diagnosis.—Lateral tooth longer than in loevis, reaching middle of
length of outer frontal tooth. Palm long and narrow, movable finger
exceeding immovable finger in length.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 14
Description.—Allied to R. loevis. Front similar; carina and lateral
angle of median tooth less evident; inner angle of outer frontal tooth
not spiniform. Propodus of cheliped elongate, two and one-half
times as long as wide; proximal margin of fixed finger forming a
FIGURE 4.—Raninoides benedicti: Male holotype (57685), dorsal view, enlarged.
right angle with margin of palm; distal margin of same finger forming
much more than a right angle with margin of palm; dactyl very
long, considerably overreaching fixed finger, and with one, sometimes
two, minute teeth near base of upper margin; tooth smaller than in
: b
FIGURE 5.—Raninocides benedicti: a, Anterior portion of carapace; 6, distal half of right cheliped, upper
surface.
loevis. Dactyl of third ambulatory wider than in loevis, its posterior
margin more arcuate.
Measurements.—Male holotype (57685), length of carapace 35.2,
width at middle 16.3; width between tips of hepatic spines 19, width
of front 12.8 mm.
80232—37_2
12 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Range.—Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador; 2 to 26.5 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 2, page 14.
RANINOIDES LOUISIANENSIS Rathbun
Ficures 6, 7; Puate 1, Figures 5, 6
Raninoides louisianensis RaTHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 186,
1933 (type locality, east of Mississippi Delta, 68 fathoms; cotypes, U.S.N.M.
no. 9659).
Diagnosis.—No spine at distal end of merus of cheliped; five or six
spines on lower margin of manus. A slender spine on ischium of sec-
ond leg in male.
Description.—Differs from R. loevis as follows: All the sinuses of
the front are longitudinal and shorter than in loevis and are continued
FIGURE 6.—Raninoides louisianensis: Male holotype (9659), dorsal view, enlarged.
backward by a very short gutter. Tooth next to the submedian
tooth with a nearly straight inner margin, not distinctly angled; the
slender outer orbital tooth is nearly straight. Hepatic tooth longer
and straight instead of curved. No spine at extremity of merus of
cheliped. Subterminal spine of manus nearer the end of the upper
margin; lower margin with more numerous (five or six) and slenderer
spines, with a few minute spinules interspersed. Dactyls of first and
second ambulatories shorter and broader, of third leg larger and
straighter on outer margin. A slender sharp spine near distal end of
ischium of second leg of male.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 13
Measurements.—Male type (9659), length of carapace 35.6, width
at middle 18.4, width between tips of hepatic spines 20.8, width of
front 12.2 mm.
Range.— Gulf of Mexico, 68 fathoms.
Material examined.—East of Mississippi Delta, La.; lat. 29°14’30’
N., long. 88°09’30’’ W.; 68 fathoms, gy. M., February 11, 1885;
station 2378, Albatross, 13, 292 (1 ovig.) (9659), 1 male on exhibition
(20215).
FIGURE 7.—Raninoides louisianensis: a, Anterior portion of carapace; 6, distal half of right cheliped, upper
surface.
RANINOIDES LAMARCKI Milne Edwards and Bouvier
Figure 8; Puate 1, Ficures 3, 4
?Ranina dorsipes LAMARCK,! Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres, vol.
5, p. 225, 1818.
Raninoides laevis var. lamarcki MitNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 299, pl. 1, figs. 8, 9; pl. 2, figs. 4, 5, 1923 (type local-
ity unknown; type in Paris Mus.).
Diagnosis.—Postorbital sinuses parallel and shorter than the dis-
tance separating them. Only three spines on lower margin of manus;
no spine at base of mobile finger.
ret
FIGURE 8.—Raninoides lamarcki: a, Anterior portion of carapace, enlarged (after Milne Edwards and
Bouvier); 6, distal half of right cheliped, upper surface.
Description.—Akin to R. louisianensis. The tooth on either side
of the front, bounded by the sinuses, is devoid of a spine. The outer
orbital spine and the hepatic spine are reduced. The arm lacks a
spine. The dactyl of the third ambulatory is wider than in lowisi-
anensis.
4 The dorsipes of Lamarck is said by him to inhabit the Indian and Southern Oceans. This would throw
some doubt as to the identity of the specimen in the Paris Museum with that actually seen by Lamarck.
The characters of the specimen figured by Bouvier in Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, 1923, as lamarckt
are those of the four American specimens that I here record as R. lamarcki.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
14
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 15
Measurements.—Type (from pl. 2, fig. 4, E. and B.), width between
tips of hepatic spines 44.5, between tips of outer orbital spines 33 mm.
Female young (7754), length of carapace 15.3, width between outer
orbital angles 6.5, between tips of hepatic spines 8.4, and at middle of
carapace 8.6 mm.
Range.—Greater Antilles to Panama.
Material examined.—Off Colon; lat. 9°27’ 00’ N., long. 79° 54’ 00’”
W.; 25 fathoms; gn. M. brk. Sh.; April 2, 1884; station 2145, Albatross;
2 males, 1 female, all young (7754). North of Puerto Rico; lat. 18°
oiveao Ne» lone. 66° 14”? 55” W.; 120 fathoms; March’S,’ 1933"
station 105, Johnson-Smithsonian Expedition; 1 male (67813).
RANINOIDES ECUADORENSIS Rathbun
PuatE 80, Figures 5-7
Raninoides ecuadorensis RatHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, p. 1,
1935 (type locality, La Plata Island, Ecuador; type, U.S.N.M. no. 69319).
Diagnosis —Anterior end of carapace roughly granulate. Three
spines (rarely four) on lower margin of manus. No spine on merus.
Description.—Carapace widest at middle, tapering toward either
end; finely and closely granulate across the front which is irregularly
roughened. Anterolateral spine inclined slightly outward, the tip
curving inward. Rostrum with two longitudinal furrows, a slender
median tooth and a short lateral tooth directed forward. Outside the
rostrum the adjacent angle is nearly a right angle, and is followed by
a short tooth with convex sides and a short terminal point. Outer
orbital tooth slender, curved, and reaching nearly as far forward as the
tips of the lateral teeth of the rostrum. Merus of cheliped unarmed,
carpus somewhat flattened above, each upper margin terminating
distally in a minute tooth. Manus short, upper surface with two thin,
parallel, erect rims, lower edge with three long slender spines (four
in one of the largest specimens). No spine on movable finger; five
on inner edge of fixed finger. The dactyls of the first three legs are
crescentic, of the first leg short and broad and slightly hollowed out,
of the second and third legs longer, narrower, and more crescentic, the
second acutely pointed, the third bluntly tipped. The narrow fourth
leg reaches only to middle of carpus of third leg; its dacty] is suboval.
Measurements.—Length of male 20.1, width 11.6 mm.
Type locality Ecuador: La Plata Island; 45-55 fathoms; sand,
shale, rock; February 10, 1934; station 212, Hancock Galapagos
Expedition; type specimen, male (69319); 50 specimens (69320).
16 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
RANINOIDES NITIDUS A. Milne Edwards
Puate 2, Fiaures 1, 2
Raninoides nitidus A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 34,
1880 (type locality, off Grenada, B. W. I.; type not located) —A. MILNE
Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 298, pl. 2,
fig. 1; pl. 3, fig. 1, 1923.
Diagnosis.—Front with three prominences, a triangular rostrum
and a postocular spine on either side. Two spines behind the post-
orbital angle.
Description.—Rostrum elongate, postocular spine slender, slightly
divergent, and nearly as long as the rostrum. One short orbital sinus.
Lateral margins arcuate; the posterior of the spines corresponds to the
lateral spine of R. loevis, but is situated much farther back, nearly to
the widest point of the carapace; the anterior spine short, broad, and
dentiform. Carapace glossy but with large punctae; cardiac region
outlined. Ocular peduncles short, massive, one and one-half times as
long as wide, not reaching end of rostrum or distal border of orbital
spine; cornea large, ovoid, extending chiefly on the ventral side. Only
one spine on wrist; manus unarmed above, three sharp teeth below
near the fixed finger, the cutting edge of which has only two or three
blunt prominences; mobile finger flat. Ambulatory legs as in R.
loevis. Antennules and antennae unarmed; the flagellum of the
latter is scarcely longer than the peduncle. Merus of outer maxilli-
peds a little longer than ischium; the following articles are much
reduced.
Measurements.—Type male, length of carapace 8, width 4.5 mm.
Range.—Known only from the type specimen from off Grenada,
B. W.1.; 159 fathoms; temperature 53.5° F.; 1878-79; Blake (where-
abouts unknown).
RANINOIDES FOSSOR A. Milne Edwards !
Puate 2, Fiaures 3-5
Raninopsis fossor A. MILNE Epwarps, MS.
Raninoides fossor A. MiunE Epwarps and Bouvinr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 47, p. 300, pl. 1, fig. 10; pl. 2, figs. 2, 3, 1923 (type locality unknown;
type in Paris Mus.).
Diagnosis.—Distance between rostrum and next tooth greater than
length of tooth. Spine of wrist rudimentary. Mobile finger un-
unarmed. Dactyls of ambulatory legs sickle-shaped.
Description.—Carapace wider than in other species; strongly
granulous on frontal region as far back as a transverse line a little in
advance of lateral spine. Sinuses of fronto-orbital border more
reduced than in R. lamarcki. Rostrum composed of a slender median
spine and two short subrectangular teeth a little produced at their
4 It is not certain that this species belongs to the American fauna, but I follow A. Milne Edwards and
Bouvier in grouping it here.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA lay
outer angles. The quadrangular space between either one of these
teeth and the next tooth is about subequal or very slightly greater
than the length of this latter tooth; between this latter tooth and the
slender postocular spine that follows it a triangular sinus intervenes.
The postocular spine is strongly curved and inclinded inward. Postor-
bital spine similar. Ocular peduncles short and wide, similar to
those of R. nitidus. Wrist with a rudimentary spine; manus with
a slender spine above and three below; prehensile edge of immobile
finger armed with five small spines; dactyls of ambulatory legs
sickle-shaped.
Measurements (after figure by Milne Edwards and Bouvier).—
Width of carapace just behind lateral spines 13%, width of front 7%
mm.
Range.— Unknown.®
Genus RANILIA Milne Edwards
Ranilia Mitne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 195, 1837
(type, R. muricata Milne Edwards).
Notopus De Haan, Fauna Japonica, p. 138, 1841 (type, N. rumphii Rathbun,
1897=N. dorsipes De Haan, 1841, not Cancer dorsipes Linnaeus, 1758).
Raninops A. MitnE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 34, 1880 (type,
R. constrictus A. Milne Edwards, 1880).
Carapace broad oval. Orbits directed very obliquely downward
from the rostrum, together forming an inverted V, and invisible from
above; eyes stout. Antennae directed forward, basal article a little
dilated inward. Third article of outer maxillipeds longer than
second. The sternal plastron becomes linear between the first pair
of ambulatory legs, but between the second and third pairs it enlarges
again in a slightly concave, hexagonal disk. Last pair of legs not
remarkably reduced.
East and west Atlantic and east and west Pacific Oceans.
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF RANILIA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PAcIFIC
muricata. angustata.
constricta. fornicata.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS RANILIA
A!, Manus with a spine on upper margin.
B'. Carapace about 1.4 times as long as wide. Dactyl of third
ambulatory broad, its upper margin nearly straight _ muricata (p. 18)
B?. Carapace narrower, smoother, and more glabrous--_-- angustata (p. 19)
A?. Manus without spine on upper margin.
B!. Dactyl of third ambulatory crescentic____________-_- constricta (p. 20)
B?. Dactyl of third ambulatory with convex lower border, upper
nearly straight! seme Sey bape apd ee ee St fornicata (p. 20)
5 It is not certain that this species belongs to the American fauna, but I follow A. Milne Edwards and
Bouvier in grouping it here.
18 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
RANILIA MURICATA Milne Edwards
PLATE 3, Figures 3-6; Puiate 4, Ficures 1—4
Ranilia muricata Minne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2,
p. 196, 1837 (type locality unknown; type in Paris Mus.).—Gissss, Proc.
3d Meet. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 23, 1850 (Florida); Proc. Elliot Soc.,
Charleston, S. C., vol. 1, p. 225, pl. 18, 1857 (North Carolina to Florida).—
Kinesutey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878, p. 325.—Hay and
SHore, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 420, pl. 31, fig. 1, 1918.
Raninops stimpsont A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 35,
1880 (type locality, reefs of western Florida; type in Mus. Comp. Zool.).
Ranilia stimpsoni A. M1tnE Epwarps and Bouvisr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 47, p. 308, pl. 1, fig. 14; pl. 2, fig. 6; pl. 3, fig. 6-9, 1923. (The captions
of figs. 8 and 9, pl. 3, should be transposed.)
Diagnosis.—Manus with a spine above. Dactyl of cheliped rough
above at proximal end. Dactyl of third ambulatory broad, its upper
margin nearly straight.
Description.—Carapace oval, strongly convex from side to side,
slightly so from front to back, smooth posteriorly but anteriorly with
numerous short, transverse, arcuate lines, denticulate and ciliate;
rostrum slender; anterior border of carapace with four strong spines
on each side; the third surmounts the external angle of these cavities,
and the fourth is at the external angle of the front. Eyestalks strong,
capable of being turned back into the deep, oblique orbits. Anten-
nules very small; antennae directed forward and slightly longer than
the eystalks. Chelipeds stout, flattened distally, squamose-denticu-
late above and with a strong spine on the supero-distal margin of
carpus and manus and the inner distal margin of merus; distal margin
of manus perpendicular, toothed; dactyl strong, curved, three crenu-
lated ridges above on the basal portion. First three pairs of ambula-
tory legs with flattened, triangular dactyls; fourth pair elevated and
densely fringed with hairs. Abdomen short and narrow.
Color.—Porcelain white with red vermiculate transverse lines on the
carapace and red dots and blotches on the legs. (See figure by Hay.)
Color prevailing in the dry specimen is purplish, mixed with yellow
and orange in places, particularly about the articulations and spines;
the latter are generally purple at the base, orange in the middle, and
white at the tip; and the movable finger of the first pair of feet is
colored much in the same manner; the upper surface of the first pair
of feet is purple, purple tracings ornament the outer surface of the
remaining pairs of feet, particularly the fourth and fifth, and the
outer surface of the abdominal segments is marked with two longitu-
dinal lines of purple. (Gibbes.)
Habits —‘“‘This species * * * appears to be confined to the
sand bottoms well off shore. In the operations on the Blackfish
Banks in 1913 and 1914 several specimens were obtained in the dredge
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 19
and fragments of others were secured from fish stomachs. It has
not been met within the harbor nor along the beaches.” (Hay.)
Measurements.—Carapace (9632), length 39.4, width of middle 28.3,
width at outer spines 26.7 mm. The largest specimen, female (5231),
from a fish stomach, measures about 41 mm long.
Range.—North Carolina to Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea;
to 56 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 3, page 14.
RANILIA ANGUSTATA Stimpson
FiGure 9; PLATE 3, Fiaurss 1, 2
Ranilia angustata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 240 [112],
1860 (type locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).
Description.—‘‘Very closely allied to R. muricata, but with the
carapax conspicuously narrower, smoother, and more glabrous.”
\G
a
FIGURE 9.—Ranilia angustata, male: a, Anterior portion of carapace; 6, distal half of right cheliped,
upper surface. X3.
Color.—‘“‘Carapax pale red in alcoholic specimens, closely maculated
with white, the spots being generally about one-fifteenth of an inch
in diameter, but sometimes larger, and so much crowded, that the
carapax appears white, reticulated with red.”
Measurements—‘Length of carapax in a male, 0.93; breadth, 0.66
inch” [23.6 mm long, 16.8 mm broad]. (Stimpson.)
The margins of the middle half of the carapace are nearly parallel
and are straighter than in muricata. Spines of carapace slenderer
in angustata; rostral spine longer relatively than in muricata, extending
noticeably beyond the adjacent pair of spines. Of the four antero-
lateral spines in angustata, the distance between third and fourth is
less than between third and first, while in muricata the reverse is true.
The short granulated lines which cover the greater part of carapace in
muricata are present in angustata only on the anterior, arcuate portion
of carapace; the rest of the surface is smooth and covered with
separated punctae. The spine on upper margin of palm is less erect
and more curved in angustata.
Range.—West coast of Mexico.
Material examined—Tiburon Island, south end; 10 fathoms;
January 1, 1932;S. A. Glassell; 1 female. La Paz, Gulf of California;
1882; L. Belding; 1 female (5232).
20 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
RANILIA CONSTRICTA (A. Milne Edwards)
PuaTE 4, Fiaure 5; Puate 5, Fiaurss 1, 2
Raninops constrictus A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 35,
1880 (type locality, near Sombrero, 47 fathoms; whereabouts of type un-
known).
Ranilia constricta A. Mitnr Edwards and Bovuvirr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 47, p. 302, pl. 1, fig. 11-13; pl. 3, fig. 2-5, 1923.
Diagnosis.—Manus without spine above. Dactyl of cheliped
smooth. Dactyl of third ambulatory crescentic.
Description.—Carapace much constricted laterally in the form of a
roof, especially in the anterior half. Surface punctate and with short
denticulate lines a little behind the orbital margin. The narrow
rostral spine extends definitely beyond the line of the adjacent teeth;
frontal sinuses shallow, the supra-orbital border appearing straighter
than in muricata; the orbit is longer than in muricata, and the lateral
spine is nearer the orbit. Manus unarmed above; carpus and merus
armed as in muricata; three or four wide subobtuse teeth on fixed
finger; dactyl smooth. Dactyl of third ambulatory crescent-shaped,
of fourth similar to that of first leg.
Measurements.—Female (48642), length of carapace 22.8, width at
middle 15.7, width between tips of outer spines 15.5 mm.
Range.—Florida Straits *®; Cuba.
Material examined.—Cuba: Bahia Honda; caught with handline
on reef; June 17, 1914; from Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera
Expedition; 1 female (48642).
RANILIA FORNICATA (Faxon)
PuaTE 5, FiGuREs 3, 4
Raninops fornicata Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 24, p. 162, 1893 (type
locality, station 3369, Albatross; type in M. C. Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 18, p. 41, pl. 7, figs. 1, la, 1b, 1895.
Ranilia fornicata A. MILNE Epwarps and Bouvirr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
47, p. 302, 1923.
Diagnosis.—Front part of carapace conspicuously narrow and much
produced beyond the anterolateral angles; rostrum definitely longer
than adjacent spines. Merus and carpus of cheliped with a superior
terminal spine and propodus without. Dactyl of third leg with very
convex inner border.
Description.—Carapace very convex from side to side, naked,
smooth or nearly so, punctate. Rostrum acute, lightly carinate,
6 Prof. Bouvier in listing the species of Ranilia (op. cit., 1923, p. 301) gives ‘‘Antilles, 47 brasses’’ for the
type locality of constricta, which is (p. 303) ‘‘au large de Sombrero.”’ The collector of the type specimen,
Dr. William Stimpson, spent several seasons on the Florida reefs including Sombrero and, so far as can be
ascertained, made no excursions to the island of Sombrero, east of the Virgin Islands.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 21
the carina extending backward for a short distance on the carapace.
Superior margin of orbit armed with three acute teeth, the second of
which is curved forward; the anterior tooth is separated from the
rostrum by a deep rounded sinus, from the second tooth by an angular
notch; the second tooth is separated from the third by a nearly straight
interval; the third tooth lies some distance in front of the posterior
end of the orbit. Back of the orbit there is a long and strong pro-
curved spine on the margin of the carapace. Eyestalks compressed,
equal in length to one half the width of the carapace. Second segment
of the third maxilliped equal to the third joint, and crossed by a
piliferous line; third segment notched at the antero-internal angle.
Cheliped: Merus microscopically spinose above, setose below, and
with an inner distal spine, tip sometimes broken off; carpus minutely
rugoso-spinulose, the superior distal angle projecting as a sharp tooth;
propodus lightly rugose, upper and lower borders margined, unarmed,
palmar edge irregularly and inconspicuously toothed; dactylus
without any prominent tooth. The dactylus of the third pair of legs
has a very convex internal border, the dactylus of the fourth is long,
narrow, and spatulate. Abdomen setose; telson obtuse at the end.
(Faxon. )
Measurements.—Type specimen, length of carapace 12, breadth
8.6 mm.
Range.—From Cape St. Lucas to Ecuador; 7 to 70 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 4, p. 22.
Genus LYREIDUS De Haan
Lyreidus Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 138, 1841 (type, L. tridentatus
De Haan).—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 294 [299], 1896.
Carapace elongate-obovate, the anterolateral margins independent
and gradually convergent; strongly convex from side to side and
slightly convex from before backward; smooth and polished, regions
undefined. Fronto-orbital border less than half the breadth of
carapace. Eyes small; eyestalks short, broad at base, orbits hardly
oblique. Antennules about equal in size to antennae; antennae with
a stoutish peduncle and rather short slender flagellum, the peduncle
not concealing the antennulary peduncle. Merus of external maxil-
lipeds a little longer than ischium. Sternum broad as far as the
bases of the first pair of true legs, then becoming narrow. Last
pair of legs abnormally short and slender arising well in advance of
the posterior pair. The abdomen in both sexes consists of seven
distinct segments. (Alcock.)
West Atlantic, Indian, and west Pacific Oceans.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 93
LYREIDUS BAIRDII Smith
Puate 5, Ficures 5, 6
Lyreidus bairdii S. I. Smiru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, p. 420, 1881 (type
locality, off Marthas Vineyard, Mass., 100 fathoms, station 873, Fish Hawk;
type, U. S. N. M. no. 21363).
Diagnosis —Median frontal tooth longer than lateral. Antero-
lateral spines small. No spine on outer surface of arm or wrist; a
spine on upper edge of palm.
Description.—Carapace about one and three-fourths times as long
as breadth at anterolateral angles, back of which it narrows only
slightly for half the length of the lateral margins, which then curve
regularly around to the articulation with the abdomen. The rostrum
or median tooth of the deeply tridentate front is acutely triangular
and longer than broad; lateral teeth narrower and a little shorter.
The orbital sinuses are nearly as deep as broad and broadly rounded
behind. Edge of anterolateral margin rounded but armed with a
spinule about one-third the way from the lateral to the anterior
angle, and in front of this spinule the carapace is suddenly narrowed
so that the margin in front of the spinule is concave in outline as
seen from above. Posterior half of lateral margin marked by a
distinct carina, but the anterior half is smoothly rounded. The
eyestalks are narrowed to triangular tips, which scarcely reach the
tips of the lateral teeth of the front; eyes black, on outer and inferior
edge of stalks.
Chelipeds nearly as long as carapace; carpus with a spine and some
granules on upper margin; propodus short and much compressed;
distal margin transverse and nearly as long as the length of the article;
dorsal edge thin and sharp, terminating in a sharp tooth near the
articulation of the dactylus; back of the thin digital process the
inferior edge is armed with three to six teeth, decreasing in size
proximally. Dactylus compressed and very thin, the outer edge
regularly curved and sharp; prehensile edge sharp and slightly irregu-
lar in outline, but not dentate, although the opposing edge of the
propodus is armed with about five or six low teeth inside the “thumb”.
Dactyls of first and second ambulatories long, narrow and thin edged;
carpus and propodus broader in first than in second. In the third
pair the propodus is nearly twice as broad as long, the inferior edge
expanded into a thin, broad, lamellar process nearly as large as the
body of the article, and with a ciliated and regularly curved margin
nearly semicircular in outline. Dactylus nearly as broad as
propodus, lamellar throughout, articulated at the upper end of proxi-
mal margin, which, below the articulation, is concave in outline and
ciated to match the adjoining lamellar process of the propodus;
lateral margins naked and convex in outline, except near tip, which
is sharply acuminate.
94. BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Abdomen slightly more than two-thirds as long as carapace; it is
bent at fourth somite, which is armed with a small, conical spine
projecting from the middle of the dorsal surface. Subhepatic and
adjacent pleural regions slightly hairy or pubescent and finely granu-
late. (After Smith.)
Color.—Carapace all over above light orange-rufous, darker toward
rostral spines, which are white on margins and tips. Edge of cara-
pace all around white as are margins and tips of lateral spines. Legs
paler than carapace. The last legs and paddles pinkish vinaceous
(looking as if a dash of lavender had been added), as are chelipeds
and fingers; a tinge of orange-rufous at articulation near insertion of
movable finger on palm; under parts a sort of bluish or grayish china
white. Dactyls of all legs more like lilac than pinkish vinaceous.
(W. L. Schmitt.)
Measurements.—Type female, length of carapace 38.4, breadth just
back of lateral spines 22, between tips of lateral spines 22.5, breadth
of front between tips of spines 6.8, length of rostrum 4, of abdomen
25mm. (Smith.)
Range.—Off Marthas Vineyard, Mass., to Gulf of Mexico and the
Greater Antilles; 65 to 260 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 5, page 25.
Genus SYMETHIS Weber
Symethis Wreser, Nomenclator entomologicus, p. 92, 1795 [type, S. variolosa
(Fabricius) ].
Zanclifer HENDERSON, Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, vol. 27, p. 34, 1888 [type,
Z. caribensis (de Freminville) ].
Carapace ovate, convex from side to side and from before back-
ward, its surface partly uneven. Fronto-orbital border very narrow,
considerably less than half the width of carapace, frontal region trilo-
bate produced anteriorly. Eyes rudimentary, placed in ul-defined
orbits; the peduncles short, and the corneae of small size though pig-
mented. Antennal peduncle massive, first segment fused with cara-
pace, second with a very prominent external prolongation; flagellum
short. Antennules small, completely concealed by the antennal
peduncles, which meet in the middle line. Outer maxillipeds moder-
ately broad, ischium twice the length of the merus. Sternal thoracic
shield narrow, becoming linear between ambulatory legs of first pair,
but slightly dilating again between first and second pairs. Chelipeds
of considerable length, propodus swollen laterally, fingers long.
Ambulatories with uncinate dactyli, last pair of small size but not
filiform. Male generative appendages similar to but shorter than
those of Raninoides. (Henderson.) East and west coasts of Middle
America.
25
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26 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SYMETHIS VARIOLOSA (Fabricius)
Ficure 10; Puate 5, Fiacurss 7, 8
Hippa variolosa Faxsricius, Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta, vol. 2,
p. 476, 1793 (type locality, “Sin Oceano Indico’’; type in Kiel Mus.).
Symethis variolosa WEBER, Nomenclator entomologicus, p. 92, 1795.
Eryon trilobatus DE FREMINVILLE, Icones crustaceorum quae ad littora America
meridionalis reperiunter 4 C. P. de Freminville (MS.).
Eryon caribensis DE FREMINVILLE, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 1, vol. 25, p. 275, pl. 8B,
figs. 1, 2, 1832 (type locality, Bay of Fort Royal, Martinique; type not
extant).—Mitnse Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 198,
1837.
Zanclifer caribensis HENDERSON, Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Anomura, vol.
27, p. 34, pl. 3, fig. 2, 1888.
Diagnosis.—Anterior half of carapace eroded; front narrow. Chelae
elongate. Dactyli of ambulatories sickle-shaped.
1 J (ay)
FIGURE 10.—Symethis variolosa, after de Freminville: a, Dorsal view, natural size; b, anterior half,
ventral view.
Description.—Surface everywhere finely granulated. Carapace one
and one-half times as long as wide; anterior half with numerous eroded
depressions arranged symmetrically on both sides; immediately behind
the frontal region the carapace rises abruptly, and the edge of the
ridge thus formed is drawn out into three processes, which are sep-
arated from one another by eroded depressions; the floor in all the
depressions is more coarsely granular than the rest of the carapace.
Frontal region considerably produced, terminating in three small
rounded lobes, the median largest. A rounded tooth at outer side of
orbit is separated by a concave depression from the anterolateral
tooth. Posterolateral margin a raised, sinuous, granular line. Merus
of outer maxilliped with a longitudinal sulcus on outer surface; palpus
abortive. Pterygostomial region moderately convex and separated
from the carapace proper by a deep groove, which becomes continuous
with the line on the posterolateral border. The fingers exceed the
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 27
palm in length and are furnished with numerous teeth; apex of
immobile finger bent over that of dactyl. Ambulatories fringed with
long hair; propodi of first three pairs drawn out into sharp ridgelike
processes; fourth pair with dactylus less strongly curved. (After
Henderson.)
Habit.—Sand burrowing.
Color—With splotches of vinaceous-cinnamon. (Schmitt.) Gen-
eral color white; two spots in front pink, two at middle light brown;
two behind light green. (Henderson.)
Measurements—Female (45518), length of carapace 22.2, width
14.3 mm.
Range.—Florida to Bahia, Brazil; Panama (Pacific); 10 to 60
fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 6, page 28.
Subtribe DROMIACEA De Haan
Dromiacea Dr Haan, Crustacea Japonica, p. 102, 1839.
Carapace subglobose or subquadrate, frontal region narrow. Last
one or two pairs of legs subdorsal in position and also of small size.
Abdomen folded under thorax, the penult segment usually without
appendages; five pairs of appendages in female, first pair rudimentary.
Lateral thoracic apodemata united in a common center, forming a
sternal canal. External maxillipeds with merus and ischium sub-
quadrangular.
KEY TO THE SUPERFAMILIES OF THE SUBTRIBE DROMIACEA
A!, Sternum of female with longitudinal grooves. Vestiges of sixth
abdominal limbs usually present. Gills 14-20 on each side.
Eyes usually completely sheltered by orbits when retracted.
INOIineqeianoniurnicaesh: 22 = eae eee eae ee ae DROMIIDEA (p. 27)
A?, Sternum of female without longitudinal grooves. No vestiges of
sixth abdominal limbs. Gills 8-14 on each side. Eyes incom-
pletely or not at all sheltered by orbits when withdrawn
against body. Lineae anomuricae usually present__--------
THELXIOPEIDEA (p. 61)
Superfamily DROMIIDEA Alcock
Dromiens Minne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 168,
1837.
Dromidea HENDERSON, Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, vol. 27, Anomura, p. 2,
1888.
Dromiidea Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, p. 125, 1899.
Carapace sometimes longer than broad, often broader than long.
Eyes and antennules almost always retractile into common orbito-
antennulary pits, the lower wall of which is formed about equally
by the basal joints of the antennae and antennules and by a suborbital
spine or dentiform lobe. These pits often show traces of a division
into two fossae. Eyestalk short and stout. Epistome triangular,
B0232-—=87—— 5
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30 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
its apex usually in close contact with the deflexed tip of the front.
Fingers of chelipeds generally short, stout, and strongly calcified in
their distal half. The abdomen of both sexes consists of seven
separate segments. Many species are protected by a commensal
sponge or ascidian, or by a valve of a lamellibranch shell. (After
Aleock.)
KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF THE SUPERFAMILY DROMIIDEA
A’. Vestiges of sixth abdominal limbs present (except in Hypoconcha,
where also no mastigobranchs). Carapace usually not longer
than broad, with well-marked side edge.
B!. Mastigobranchs on first legs (chelipeds) only or on none.
Fourth and fifth legs small, subdorsal, and usually prehensile.
Dromiidae (p. 30)
B?. Mastigobranchs on all of first three pairs of legs. Fifth legs
onlyssmallvand subdorsal eee ee ee Dynomenidae (p. 51)
A?. No vestige of sixth abdominal limbs. Carapace longer than
broad, with ill-marked side edge. First three legs with
mastigobranchs, fourth and fifth small, subdorsal, and pre-
hensil@: oo he ae Bae eS as DES ANE a Ae Homolodromiidae (p. 57)
Family DROMIIDAE Alcock
Dromiidae Atcock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, p. 128, 1899.—Scumirtt,
Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, p. 188, 1921.
Carapace subglobular, rarely flattened; no lineae anomuricae (a
pair of longitudinal suture lines on the carapace); sternum of female
traversed for more or less of its extent by two obliquely longitudinal
grooves. External maxillipeds generally operculiform. Legs of
moderate size, fourth and fifth pairs short, subdorsal in position, and
furnished with a small, hooklike nail or dactyl. Sixth segment of
abdomen generally with rudimentary uropods. (Schmitt.)
KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY DROMIIDAE?
A!, Carapace convex, pilose.
Bt. Sternal sulci of female produced to segment of chelipeds, and
approximating ‘in ‘a tubercle. 2) 3822429. 28 oe Dromidia (p. 32)
B?. Sternal sulci of female produced to segment of second pair
of feet and not’ approximate: 27. 3 ae Be ee Dromia (p. 30)
A?, Carapace flat, membranous above____-________--___- Hypoconcha (p. 44)
Genus DROMIA Weber
Dromia WreBeEr, Nomenclator entomologicus, p. 92, 1795 (type, Cancer dromia
Fabricius, 1793).—Fapricius, Supplementum entomologiae systematicae,
p. 359, 1798.—Mitng Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2,
p. 170, 1887.—Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 226
[64].
Carapace transverse, convex, pilose. Palate smooth. Sternal sulci
of female not approximated, produced to segment opposite second
7 Evius (EZ. ruber Moreira, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, no. 15, p. 322, fig. 1, 2, 1912) may be the larval stage of
Dromia erythropus. The original figures 1 and 2 have been reproduced on pl. 8.
GXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 31
pair of feet (first pair of ambulatories). Feet mediocre, merus not
dilated; digits of first pair with apices calcareous. Four posterior
feet smaller, shorter, extremities subcheliform, a spiniform process on
penultimate article.
Atlantic coast of Middle and South America; Atlantic coast of
Europe, Mediterranean Sea, west and south Africa, Indian Ocean,
east Asia.
DROMIA ERYTHROPUS (George Edwards)
Figure 11; Puate 6, Ficurss 1, 2; Puate 8, Ficurss 1, 2
Cancer marinus chelis rubris Catrspy, The natural history of Carolina, Florida
and the Bahama Islands, ed. 1, vol. 2, p. 37, pl. 37, 1743.
Cancer erythropus GEoRGE Epwarps, Catalogue of animals in Catesby’s Natural
History of Carolina, with the Linnaean names, 1771.
Dromia lator M1tnE Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 174,
1837.
Dromia erythropus RatTuBun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, p. 39, 1897.—V=rri1,
Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 13, p. 430, fig. 50, pl. 28, fig. 2, 1908.
? Evius ruber Moreira, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1912, no. 15, p. 322, figs. 1, 2.8
Diagnosis —Carapace wider than long; anterior half subglobular;
posterolateral margins convergent.
Description.—The pair of frontal teeth are larger than the median
tooth which forms with them an angle a little larger than a right angle.
FIGURE 11.—Dromia erythropus, male (2197): Outline of carapace and eyes, one-half natural size.
A small shallow tooth above orbit, a large elongate one below. Fronto-
orbital distance in the old one-third or less than a third of carapace
width. Hairs closely placed; when they are removed from the
carapace, a median impressed line is visible leading back to the meso-
gastric region, faintly outlined; on either side is a prominent rounded
lobe. A deep crescentic furrow on each side of the cardiac region
nearly meets the curved branchial furrow. A small tubercle at
posterior inner angle of branchial region. Four strong conical antero-
lateral spines; between the second and third a low blunt tooth. Upper
border of merus of cheliped marginate, a few minute tubercles above;
8 Probably the megalops of Dromia erythropus.
32 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
upper third of outer surface uneven; lower margins sparsely tubercu-
late or granulate. Outer surface of carpus uneven; two blunt teeth
on distal margin, and a blunt spinule at inner angle. Proximal two-
thirds of upper margin of palm tuberculated, the line continued part
way on the proximal margin. First and second pairs of legs very
broad; carpus with a smooth carina on upper margin and a sinuous
one on middle of outer surface, terminating in a sharp tooth; on lower
margin of dactylus a row of four or five black spines diminishing in
size toward the propodus. Third leg stout, merus two and one-
half times as long as wide; that of fourth leg narrower, about three
times as long as wide; both legs have a slender articulating spine
forming a chela with the dactyl; on the last leg there are in addition
two shorter and extremely slender movable spines, one above the
convex base of the dactyl, the other longer and situated inside of and
parallel to the smaller chelate spine.
Color—Densely covered with dark brown or blackish stiff hairs,
only the tips of the dactylus being naked; these are light red. Beneath
the hairs the surface is whitish. (Verrill.) Carapace wine purple
like some of the sponges in the same haul; exposed fingers of chelae
scarlet-vermilion, with white tips. (W. L. Schmitt.)
Habit—Dromia always covers its back with a concave fragment of
some living sponge. (Verrill.)
Measurements —Male (2197), length of carapace 89, width
115.4 mm.
Range.—Florida to Brazil; Bermuda; shallow water to 15 fathoms;
100-200 fathoms (Verrill).
Material examined.—See table 7, page 28.
Genus DROMIDIA Stimpson
Dromidia Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 225 [63] (type,
D. hirsutissima Lamarck); Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 49, p. 170,1907.
Carapace convex and pilose, the hair being often of considerable
length; front narrow, hepatic regions more or less concave, or exca-
vated anteriorly. The palate is marked by a strong ridge on either
side. Sternal sulci in female approximated at their extremities in
either a single or more or less bifurcated tuberculiform projection,
situated between the bases of the chelipeds. Atlantic and Pacific
coasts of North and South America, Hawaiian Islands, Australia,
Asia, and South Africa.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS DROMIDIA
A!. Carapace longer than broad, lateral margins of posterior two-
thirds fubparalllel- Vo. 7 Us Peo ee ee woes antillensis (p. 33)
A?. Carapace broader than long, lateral margins of posterior two-
thirdsiconvergingeposterior) ya eee larraburei (p. 35)
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 33
DROMIDIA ANTILLENSIS Stimpson
Figure 12; Puats 7, Ficures 1-3
Dromidia antillensis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 71
[25], 1858 (type localities, St. Thomas, Key Biscayne, and Tortugas, Fla.;
cotypes in M. C. Z.).—Verritu, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 13,
p. 431, fig. 51 [?], pl. 28, fig. 3 (not fig. 2, which is Dromia erythropus), 1908.—
Hay and Suorg, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 417, pl. 31,
fig. 5, 1918.— Boong, Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 2, p..42, pl. 7, 1930.
Diagnosis.—Carapace longer than broad, lateral margins of poste-
rior two-thirds subparallel. Fronto-orbital border in adult half width
of carapace, in small specimens more than half. The branchial
furrow running inward from the last lateral tooth is shallow. Cardiac
furrows shallow. Carapace moderately deflexed in front.
Description.— Body everywhere short-pubescent, with longer hairs
on sides and feet. Carapace somewhat longer than broad, strongly
convex, smooth. Frontal region longitudinally grooved along the
FIGURE 12.—Dromidia antillensis, male (42913): Outline of carapace, X2.
middle. Front strongly deflexed and 5-toothed (supra-ocular teeth
included); teeth small and slender, almost spiniform, horizontally
projecting; the median three subequal, and about as long as the
distance between them at their bases; teeth over the eyes shorter but
acute. External angles of orbit prominent but obtuse. Lateral
margin of carapace 4-toothed, and deflected anteriorly toward the
corners of the buccal area, where there is a tubercle. First three
teeth of lateral margin subspiniform; posterior one, situated at lateral
sulcus, as large as the others but less acute. External maxillipeds
elongate; merus large, longer than ischium, with its antero-exterior
corner prominent, forming a right angle. Chelipeds rather short and
stout, nearly smooth, inferior edges of ischium and merus-joints
granulated; carpus dentated at anterior angles with small teeth; hand
short, smooth externally; palm shorter than dactylus, and armed with
two or three small spiniform tubercles on basal half of superior margin.
Ambulatory legs rather slender, smooth. Last pair of legs much
longer than penult pair. Penult joint of abdomen in male elongated
and slender; terminal joint longer than broad. (Stimpson.)
34 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Color.—Brownish red, fingers crimson, claws of legs horn color.
(Hay and Shore.)
Dirty yellowish green, pincers carmine red with white tips. (Hen-
derson.)
Tortugas: Color of fuzz varies. Gray-white with touch of vina-
ceous-rufous on proximal upper half of movable finger and a few dots
of same color across base of fixed finger (66875); fuzz olive-buff,
corneae dark vandyke brown, fingers distally white, basal two-thirds
scarlet (65998); general color between a vinaceous-cinnamon and
vinaceous-rufous in places; basal two-thirds of finger very light coral-
red; palps of maxillipeds and antennular peduncles pale glaucous blue;
corneae grayish (drab-gray) with brownish suffusion; thicker antennu-
lar flagellum almost orange-vermilion basally; hairs white (66866);
largely pinkish vinaceous, with reddish specked corneae with tiny
black center, hairs fuzzy, dirty white (66861). Specimen under black
sponge with salmon coral-red fuzz, tips of fingers white, a line of
scarlet-vermilion at base of fingers demarcating end of fuzz (66872).
Orange-buff. Eggs orange-vermilion. Eyes hazel. Fingers of chelae
scarlet vermilion with white tips (67744). Carapace about 29 mm
wide, coral mud gray, darker on upper surface of chelae and wrists,
which seem to have blackish maculations between spines; same
coloration on dactyli and propodi of legs. Several hazel spots on
carapace more or less symmetrically disposed; near posterior margin
two larger bay or blackish bay spots. Fingers peach-blossom pink.
Corneae with maculations of same over transparent bay or black
central spot; stalk with streak of bay above and white before, making
the eyes disappear against the white body. Second specimen almost
a slate gray with a slight heliotrope purple cast. Chelae china white
distally, orange-vermilion basally. Eye stalks with white streak in
front; above slate color, corneae hazel (66860). (W. L. Schmitt.)
Habit—Dromidia carries a covering usually larger than itself,
a compound ascidian, a sponge, or a zoanthoid polyp.
Measurements.—Female (66335), length of carapace 37, width 36
mm. The width of carapace may sometimes equal the extreme
length.
Range.—North Carolina to Gulf of Mexico and Brazil; Bermuda;
shore to 170 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 8, page 36.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 35
DROMIDIA LARRABUREI Rathbun
FicureE 13; Puats 7, Ficurss 4, 5
Dromidia sarraburei (by error) Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 553,
pl. 48, fig. 4, Oct. 20, 1910 (type locality, Bay of Sechura, Peru; types, U. S.
N. M. no. 40475).
Dromidia segnipes WrrmoutTsH, Leland Stanford, Jr., Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser.,
no. 4, p. 15, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, Nov. 12, 1910 (type locality, Monterey Bay; type
in Stanford Univ. Mus.).
Dromidia larraburet Scumitt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, p. 183, pl. 33,
fig. 1, 1921—Ratuson, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, p. 619, pl. 33,
fig. 1-4, 1923; Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 13, p. 374, 1924.
Diagnosis.—Carapace broader than long; lateral margins of pos-
terior two-thirds converging posteriorly. Fronto-orbital border in
adult less than half width of carapace, in small specimens half width
of carapace. Branchial furrow deeply incised. A deep crescentic
furrow either side of cardiac region. Carapace high, in front sub-
globular.
Description.—Frontal teeth stout, bluntly rounded at tip. Ex-
ternal angle of orbit not advanced. Tooth at branchial furrow
acute, directed outward and behind a well-marked triangular notch.
FIGURE 13.—Dromidia larraburei, female holotype (40475): Outline of carapace, natural size.
The protuberance on the pterygostomian region, adjacent to the
buccal tooth is large and smoothly rounded, not dentiform. The
small tubercles on upper surface of palm are ball-shaped, not pointed.
Ambulatory legs broader than in antillensis, the last two pairs shorter
than in that species.
Color.—In alcohol, yellowish tan, tips of chelipeds flesh color;
color in life similar (Weymouth).
Measurements.—Ovigerous female (41839), length of carapace 32,
width 35.6 mm.
Range.—Monterey Bay, Calif., to Peru and Galapagos Islands.
Low tide to 60 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 9, page 42.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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44 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus HYPOCONCHA Guérin
Hypoconcha Gusrin, Rev. Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 333, 1854 [type, H.
sabulosa (Herbst)].—Bovuvirr, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, p. 374,
1898.
Front and lateral margins expanded, covering the eyes and all
parts of the head except the flagella of the antennae; middle surface
very thin and membranous. Margin of anterior half usually hairy,
also the lower surface and appendages. The fourth and fifth pairs of
feet are prehensile without being subchelate; dactyl lunate. The
shape of the crab has been modified to suit its dwelling or protective
covering, for it carries over its carapace the valve of a lamellibranch,
holding on by some of its posterior feet and by the angular abdomen
inserted under the hinge.
North Carolina to Brazil; Mexico to Peru. Africa (?).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HYPOCONCHA
A!. Merus of outer maxiJliped subtriangular, its anterior border
longer than lateral border and as long as two preceding
articlesiunited : 2-2 + -. 225 bee ee californiensis (p. 51)
A. Merus of outer maxilliped trapezoid, its anterior border shorter
than lateral and shorter than two preceding articles united.
B!. Three large granulated tubercles forming a triangle on either
side of ventral surface of carapace__----_---_------- sabulosa (p. 44)
B*. Not three large granulated tubercles on either side of ventral
surface of carapace.
C!. Distal end of merus of outer maxilliped swollen. A large
spine-tipped protuberance on either side of ventral surface
of carapace. Spines numerous, upwards of 25__ spinosissima (p. 46)
C*. Distal end of merus of outer maxilliped thin.
D!. Granules of ventral surface of carapace more or less
concealed by dense hair.
E!. Manus with many longitudinal rows of granules and
three granulate lobes near fingers; outer face of
carpus bordered with hair below and at proximal
end and with a raised, granulate line above__-panamensis (p. 47)
E*. Manus with about 10 pointed and well-separated
granules through middle of outer surface; carpus
with two distant spines arranged lengthwise__--_- lowei (p. 50)
D?. Granules of ventral surface of carapace plainly visible. arcuata (p. 47)
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF HYPOCONCHA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PAcIFICc
arcuata. panamensis.
HYPOCONCHA SABULOSA (Herbst)
PuaTE 8, Ficurss 3, 4; Puatse 9, Figures 1—5
Faux Bernard l Hermite P. Nicouson, Essai sur l’histoire naturelle de Saint-
Domingue, p. 338, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4, 1776.—Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des
animaux sans vertébres, vol. 5, p. 264, 1818.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 45
Cancer sabulosa Hersst, Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse,
vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 57, pl. 48, figs. 2, 3, 1799 [type locality, Africa (probably error) ].
Hypoconcha sabulosa GumiRIN, Rev. Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 333, pl. 5, 1854
(figs. 1-5 copied from La Sagra’s figs. 1, without color, 5, 7, 9; fig. 6 copied
from Nicolson’s fig. 3).—La Sacra, Historia fisica, politica y natural de la
Isla de Cuba, pt. 2, vol. 8, Atlas de zool., Articulata, pl. 1, figs. 1-11 (figs.
10 and 11 copied from Herbst without color), 1855; vol 7, text, p. xiii, 1856
(1857).—Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 226 [64];
Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 72 [26], 1859.—Bovvirr, Bull.
Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, p. 374, 1898.—Brnepict, Bull. U. S. Fish
Comm., vol. 20 (1900), pt. 2, p. 133, 1901.—Hay and Suorg, Bull. U.S. Bur.
Fisheries, vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 418, pl. 31, fig. 2 (not 3), 1918.
Diagnosis. Three large tubercles on either side of ventral surface
of carapace. Four stout spines on anterior margin. Chelae covered
with small pointed tubercles.
Description.—Carapace in the old pubescent above, margin densely
hairy and armed anteriorly with four large curved spines with sharp
tips pointing obliquely downward; they are followed by a few small
spines, all well spaced. Front between the two submedian spines
subtruncate or sometimes sloping slightly backward toward the short
narrow fissure on the median line. Lower surface tuberculate and
along the margin finely granulate. An uneven transverse ridge
directly in front of the hollow in which the cheliped fits; farther for-
ward three large unequal granulated tubercles forming a triangle.
Antennary fossae limited in front by a pair of strong, oblique ridges,
which arise between two of the spines of the anterior border and meet
each other in the middle at the front of the epistome. Posterior
border of epistome raised into a prominent ridge, which is continued
across the front and some distance along the sides ot the buccal area.
Peduncular articles of antennae tuberculate; the basal one has a
strong, inwardly directed tooth, and the terminal one a tooth on each
side of the base of the flagellum. A large swelling on outer side of
orbit and a small one above and below. The carpus of the cheliped
bears several denticulated tubercles, two of which are on the outer
margin; the manus is covered with tubercles more or less pointed.
Color.—Coral sand above, with whitish gray hairs. Ground color
beneath, vinaceous-rufous. Rounded bosses on legs and subfrontal
region in ventral view vinaceous-cinnamon. Eyes black or bay.
Eggs Chinese orange. (W. L. Schmitt.)
Measurements.—Male (66796), length of carapace 23.2, width 22.4
mm.
Range.—North Carolina to the West Indies; 9% to 49 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 10, page 48,
46 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
HYPOCONCHA SPINOSISSIMA Rathbun
Fiacure 14; Puate 10, Figures 1, 2
Hypoconcha spinosissima RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 185,
1933 (type locality, off Cape Hatteras, N. C., 49 fathoms; holotype, ovi-
gerous female, U.S.N.M. no. 55957).
Diagnosis.—One tubercle on either side of ventral surface of
carapace. Many spines on carapace, chelipeds, and other appendages.
Description.—Carapace broader than long, short pubescent above,
hairy all over below, especially in the old; front subtruncate between
antennae; a short wide median fissure is followed by a shallow furrow;
anterolateral margin sinuous. Ventral surface granulate, granules
sparser on the carapace than on the appendages. Spines are dis-
~
FIGURE 14.—Hypoconcha spinosissima, female holotype (55957): Ventral view, enlarged.
tributed as follows: Five or six at the angle of the margin of the
deflexed front; a longer spine where the epistome joins the front; a
strong, curved spine above and below the middle of the orbit; one or
two slender spines on a protuberance of the carapace in horizontal
line with buccal angle; three spines on carpus of cheliped; 9 or 10
spines on outer surface of manus, irregularly disposed in three rows;
a possible spine on outer surface at base of dactyl; a spine on coxa
and ischium of cheliped and first ambulatory. A row of short spines
and tubercles on border of epistome; a row of six or seven very
slender curved spines at outer angle of merus of maxilliped; an
elongate swelling lies just inside and parallel to the distal margin of
merus.
Color —Generally pinkish buff, darker parts salmon color, fringing
hairs primrose yellow.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA AT
Measurements.—Ovigerous female, holotype (55957), length of
carapace 16.6, width 18 mm. Largest specimen, male (66793),
length of carapace 23.5, width 24 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to Yucatan and Jamaica; 14 to 60 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 11, page 48.
HYPOCONCHA ARCUATA Stimpson
Puate 11, Figures 1-4
Hypoconcha arcuata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 226
[64]; nomen nudum, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 72 [26], 1859
(type localities, South Carolina and St. Thomas; types not extant).—Bovvirr,
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, p. 375, 1898.—Bernepict, Bull. U. S.
¥ish Comm., vol. 20 (1900), pt. 2, p. 183, 1901.—Hay and Suorg, Bull. U. S.
Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 418, pl. 31, fig. 3 (not 2), 1918.
Diagnosis.—Lower surface everywhere granulate. No tubercles on
carapace; many small spines on margin of anterior half. Chelae
densely and coarsely granulate, rough along middle line.
Description——Lateral lobe of carapace strong. Front margin densely
cilated, nearly semicircular in outline, a shallow V at middle, followed
by a “buttonhole” in the old, or a short open fissure prolonged for some
distance by a shallow sulcus. A minute notch either side of middle,
continued on the under side by a narrow fissure in front of the eye for
the lodgment of the antennary flagellum; outer posterior margin of
orbit fissured. Granules of carapace larger than those of appendages.
Distal and outer margins of merus of maxilliped thin and meeting at
a prominent sharp angle. Carpus of cheliped as broad as long, gran-
ules crowded. Granules heaped up and acute through middle of palm.
Measurements —Female (53404), length of carapace 12, width 13
mm. Male (S. U. I.), length of carapace 23.6, width 23 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to Brazil; 1 to 22 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 12, page 49.
HYPOCONCHA PANAMENSIS Smith
PLATE 9, FicurREs 6, 7
Hypoconcha panamensis SmitH, in Verrill, Amer. Nat., vol. 3, p. 249, 1869 (type
locality, Panama, under valve of Pecten ventricosus; type in P. M. Y. U.).—
Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, p. 375, 1898.—RatTuBoun,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 594, 1910.
Hypoconcha diguetti Bouvisr, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, p. 374, 1898
(type locality, La Paz Bay; type in Paris Mus.).—Ratupun, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, p. 620, 1923.
Hypoconcha peruviana RatuHBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 553, pl. 47,
fig. 2, 1910 (type locality, Matapalo; type, U. S. N. M. no. 40474).
Diagnosis.—A prominent crescentic lobe on the carapace either side
of buccal region. Carpus and manus of cheliped with a raised line of
granules above; carpus bordered with hair below and at proximal end;
manus with several longitudinal rows of granules outside and three
granulated lobes near the fingers.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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50 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Description.—Allied to H. arcuata. Carapace in the old hairy
above and below, concealing the granules; in the young the surface is
nearly bare. Anterior margin broadly rounded, edge broken by a
marked median incision and by distinct notches at insertion of the
antennae. Four or five white subspiniform teeth on each frontal
lobe; and 8 or 10 on each margin of the carapace behind these lobes.
Some obtuse denticles irregularly disposed and little prominent on the
supero-external border of the orbit, as on the inferior lobe. Lower
surface of facial region sparsely granulated, granules separated by
smooth spaces. Merus of outer maxilliped more plainly squarish than
in H. sabulosa; its anterior border is much shorter than the lateral
borders and scarcely longer than half the total length of the two pre-
ceding articles. The endostome has two broad, obtuse, longitudinal
prominences. The large granules on the outer surface of the manus
are concentrated on the middle half; they are numerous on the supe-
rior face of the dactyl and the inferior face of the fixed finger; the car-
pus, beside the prominent border, has a spinule at the distal corners.
Color.—Uniformly reddish (Bouvier).
Measurements.—Male (66790), length 12.7, width 13.3 mm.
Female (40474), length 18, width 19.5 mm.
Range.—Mexico to Peru; 3 to 60 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 13, page 52.
HYPOCONCHA LOWEI Rathbun
PuaTeE 8, Figures 5, 6
Hypoconcha lowei RatHBtn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 149, 1933
(type locality, San Felipe, Gulf of California; type female, U.S.N.M. no.
67575).
Diagnosis. —Carapace not produced laterally in a narrow lobe. A
strong, conical spine on lower border of orbit. Two spines in a longi-
tudinal row on carpus of cheliped.
Description.—Surface hairy above and below. Anterior margin of
carapace arcuate, very slightly sinuous. Lateral angle bluntly rounded,
not forming a distinct lobe as in H. sabulosa and kindred species;
posterolateral borders rapidly converging. A marginal row of four
distant spines on either side of the front, the anterior spine over the
orbit. Lower surface of carapace mottled with acute granules but
not sculptured. A short spine at angle of buccal cavity. Ischium of
outer maxilliped coarsely granulate. Carpus of cheliped with two
long spines inclined distad in a median row. About 10 or 12 pointed
tubercles scattered through middle of outer surface of manus; fingers
finely granulate.
Measurements.—Male, length of carapace 16.4, width 17 mm.
Female holotype, length 20, width 22.3 mm.
Range.—Mexico to Ecuador; to a depth of 55 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 14, page 53.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 5l
HYPOCONCHA CALIFORNIENSIS Bouvier
PuateE 10, Fiacurses 3, 4
Hypoconcha californiensis BouviER, Bull Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, p. 374,
1898 (type locality, San Jose Island, Gulf of California; type in Paris Mus.).
Diagnosis.— Margin of carapace with short, dense hairs. Merus of
maxilliped subtriangular, its anterior margin longer than the lateral
margin and as long as the two preceding articles united. Carapace
slightly pilose below.
Description.—The subacute teeth bordering the carapace number
three on each median frontal lobe and six on each side between the
superior orbital notch and the point where the carapace is widest;
the inferior orbital border has five spines on each side. Median
furrow of frontogastric region scarcely indicated. The anterolateral
walls of the buccal cavity present a strong flap directed inward,
upon which is supported the anterior border of the merus of the outer
mawxilliped; the upper wall of the endostome is armed on either side
with a prominent ridge, which has a denticle at its middle. Merus of
outer maxillipeds three times as wide on the anterior border as on the
border in contact with the ischium; length of merus equal to that of
the two basal articles together. Chelae with numerous tubercles on
outer face; some almost continuous (on thumb and neighboring
palmar portion), some widely separated; they become very small on
the lower border where they form an inconspicuous longitudinal
row; a stronger tubercle, terminating in two points, occupies the
middle of the external base of the hand. The greater number of these
tubercles are acute or subacute; they occur also on the flat outer face
of the carpus, where they form two rows which converge a little from
behind forward. (After Bouvier.)
Color.—In formalin a uniform reddish.
Measurements.—Female, type, length of carapace 12.5, width 13.5
mm (Bouvier). Male (42224), length and width 6 mm.
Range.—Gulf of California, Mexico, to Panama.
Material examined.—Off Cerralvo Island; lat. 24°11’30’’ N., long.
109°55’00’’ W.; 10 fathoms; shells; April 30, 1888; station 2828,
Albatross; 1 male (42224). Panama: Near Changone, Taboga Island,
dredged December 24, 1933; 1 male, 1 female (69407); E. D. Robson
collector.
Family DYNOMENIDAE Ortmann
Dynomenidae OrtMANN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 6, p. 541, 1892; in Bronn’s Klassen und
Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, vol. 5, pt. 2, Arthropoda, p. 1155, 1901.—
Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, pt. 2, p. 127, 1899; Catalogue of
the Indian decapod Crustacea in the collection of the Indian Museum, fasc.
1, p. 34, 1901.
Dynomeninae A. MinngE Epwarps and Bouvier, Crustacés décapodes provenant
des campagnes du yacht I’ Hirondelle (supplément) et de la Princesse-Alice,
fasc. 13, p. 9, 1899; Mem. Mus. Comp Zool., vol. 27, p. 22, 1902.
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54 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Carapace either longer than broad and convex, or broader than long
and flattish, the lateral borders well defined. Front broadly trian-
gular, sometimes notched at tip. Antennal flagella not so long as
carapace. External maxillipeds typically opercular, completely clos-
ing the buccal cavern. Chelipeds equal or slightly unequal, generally
stouter than legs. First three pairs of legs stout, about as long as
chelipeds; fourth pair dorsal and rudimentary. The abdomen in both
sexes consists of seven segments, and there is a pair of lateral platelets
intercalated between the last two segments. The gills are phyllo-
branchiate. The sternal grooves of female end at level of genital
openings. (After Alcock.)
KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE FAMILY DYNOMENIDAE
A!, Carapace flattish, broader than long, pilose__--__---_--- Dynomene (p. 54)
A. Carapace convex, longer than broad, spinose-_-_-_---- Acanthodromia (p. 55)
Genus DYNOMENE Latreille
Dynomene LATREILLE, in Desmarest, Considérations générales sur la classe des
Crustacés, p. 133, footnote, 1825;%n Cuvier, Le régne animal, ed. 2, vol. 4,
p. 69, 1829 (type, D. hispida Desmarest).— MILNE Epwarps, Histoire natu-
relle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 179, 1887.—OrtTMANN, in Bronn’s Klassen und
Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, vol. 5, pt. 2, Arthropoda, p. 1155, 1901.—-
Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, pt. 2, p. 133 and synonymy,
1899; Catalogue of the Indian decapod Crustacea in the collection of the
Indian Museum, fase. 1, p. 35, 1901.
Mazillothrit Srresine, Ann. South Afr. Mus., vol. 18, pt. 4, p. 456, 1921 (type,
M. actaeiformis Stebbing).
All parts usually tomentose. Carapace subcircular or polygonal,
flattish, slightly broader than long. Front broadly triangular, dor-
sally grooved, more or less distinctly notched or divided at tip.
Palate well delimited from epistome; efferent branchial channels well
defined. Feet of fourth pair very small, not prehensile, dorsal in
position and inconspicuous.
Indo-Pacific, from Mauritius and Madagascar to Mexico; tropical
Atlantic in neighborhood of Cape Verde Islands.
DYNOMENE URSULA Stimpson
PuaTE 12, Figures 1-4
Dynomene ursula Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 239 [111]
1860 (type locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).
Diagnosis.—Lateral margin of front regularly curved, not sinuate.
Dactyls of first three ambulatories setose, tips black. Hind pair of
feet setose like the others, dactyls without pigment.
Description.—The whole upper surface is covered with stout thick
setae of two kinds; the first kind very short, clavate, or even pedicel-
late, and densely crowded; the second long and nearly as thick as the
first, but fusiform, with pointed extremities, and sparsely distributed
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 55
over the surface, generally in groups of three or four, of unequal
lengths. Surface of carapace beneath the setae densely granulated;
granules not prominent; sulci defining areolets of moderate depth.
Anterolateral margin as long as posterolateral, regularly curved and
armed with five small spines, not including that at angle of orbit.
Front low-triangular; margin somewhat arched, and continuous with
the superior margin of orbit, which forms a low projection opposite
the juncture of the cornea of the eye with its peduncle. Dactyls of
ambulatory feet setose and have black, much-curved unguiculi.
Color.—More or less reddish or crimson; setae of a light golden
color.
Measurements.—Male (68316), length 20.4, width 27.2 mm. Fe-
male (68314), length 16.5, width 21.8 mm.
Habit—Stimpson says °® of the last pair of feet, “not prehensile,
since the animal does not cover itself with a foreign body like the
Dromiae; and they fill, apparently, no office in the economy of the
animal, except when in place, they fill up neatly the chink between
the carapax and the stouter walking feet.”
Range.—West coast of Mexico to Galapagos Islands.
Material examined.—See table 15, page 56.
Genus ACANTHODROMIA A. Milne Edwards
Acanthodromia A. M1LNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 31, 1880
(type, A. erinacea A. Milne Edwards).—Bovvirr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 56 [23], 1896.—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68,
p. 134, 1899; Catalogue of the Indian decapod Crustacea in the collection
of the Indian Museum, fase. 1, p. 36, 1901.—OrtMaANn, in Bronn’s Klassen
und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, vol. 5, pt. 2, Arthropoda, p. 1155, 1901.—
A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 22,
1902.
Differs from Dynomene in having the carapace longer than broad,
convex, closely covered with spines instead of hairs.
Caribbean Sea; Andaman Sea; 75 to 150 fathoms.
ACANTHODROMIA ERINACEA A. Milne Edwards
PLATE 12, Ficurss 5, 6
Acanthodromia erinacea A. MitnE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8,
1880 (type localities, off Guadeloupe, 150 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.).—
BovvikER, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 56 [23], fig. 18-21, 1896.—
A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 23,
pl. 3, fig. 5-15; pl. 4, fig. 1-4; text fig. 7, 8, 1902.
Diagnosis.—Long spines predominate in dorsal aspect. Upper
margin of orbit slightly concave. A single smooth tubercle on fourth
and on fifth abdominal segment; terminal segment triangular.
9 Op. cit., p. 240 [112].
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 57
Description.—Body and feet everywhere bristling with numerous
large spines; some smaller spines in the intervals. Carapace regularly
convex from front to rear and transversely, sutures indistinct. Front
forming a beak, very advanced and deflexed; margin of front and
orbits furnished with a row of close-set spines. Orbits very oblique.
Basal article of antenna spinous, closing the orbit below; basal article
of antennule also spinous. The epistomian point joins the front.
Eyestalk spinous, two curved spines overhanging the cornea. Cheli-
peds equal, short, very spinous outside, and with spiniform tubercles
within; fingers spooned, the propodal finger denticulate, the dactyl
with only two terminal denticles and a proximal notch. Last pair
of feet much reduced, chelate, not surpassing in length the merus of
the preceding foot. Abdomen of mature female thick, narrow, sides
parallel from first to sixth segment; armed with spinules and numerous
spines; fourth segment with a large, median lobe near anterior border,
which is smooth except for a longitudinal sulcus on proximal half; a
similar lobe, much smaller, on fifth segment; on these two articles
spines are scarce on median line, forming a sort of wide gutter, which
is continued to middle of terminal segment; lateral pieces of sixth
article very small. Thoracic sternum smooth, very concave, with a
crest a little inside the base of the chelipeds and the next three ambula-
tories; a transverse crest between the bases of second and third
ambulatories.
Measurements.—Female (9547), length of carapace without spines
11.5, with spines 12.3, width without 9.6, with spines 11mm. Length
of holotype without rostral spine 17 mm.
Range.—Caribbean Sea.
Material examined.—Mexico: Off Arrowsmith Bank, Yucatan; lat.
20°59’30”" N., long. 86°13’45’’ W.; 130 fathoms; Co.; January 22,
1885; station 2354, Albatross; 1 female (9547).
Greater Antilles: Off Mona Island, Mona Passage; lat. 18°03’45”
N., long. 67°48/10’’ W.; 240-300 fathoms; February 11, 1933; sta-
tion 43, Johnson-Smithsonian Expedition; 1 female, ovigerous (68165).
Leeward Islands: Off Guadeloupe; 150 fathoms; temperature
59%° F.; 1878-79; station 166, Blake; 1 ovigerous female, holotype
(M. C. Z. no. 6509).
Windward Islands: Off St. Vincent; 88 fathoms; temperature
62° F.; 1878-79; station 232, Blake; 1 carapace, paratype (M. C. Z.
no. 2641).
Family HOMOLODROMIIDAE Alcock
Homolodromidae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, pt. 2, no. 3, p. 127,
1899.
Carapace longer than broad, convex in both directions, the true
cervical and the branchial grooves present. Front cut into two
prominent teeth, between which, but on a much lower plane, a third
58 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
small tooth is sometimes present. Antennal flagella longer than
carapace. External maxillipeds with a marked pediform cast.
Chelipeds equal, slender, though stouter than legs. First two pairs
of legs much longer than the chelipeds; last two pairs much shorter
than the first two pairs, subdorsal, prehensile. Abdomen in both
sexes consists of seven separate segments; no lateral platelets inter-
calated between the sixth and seventh segments. Gills trichobran-
chiae or intermediate between trichobranchiae and phyllobranchiae;
gill-plumes very numerous—there may be as many as 20 on either
side. Epipodites on the chelipeds and first two or three pairs of
lees. Sternal grooves of temale short, ending at level of genital
openings. (After Alcock.)
KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY HOMOLODROMIIDAE
A‘, Carapace subquadrate. Antennules not concealed. Ambula-
tories very long.and slender 2.222 2 Homolodromia (p. 58)
A?. Carapace ovoid. Antennules folding under rostral teeth.
Ambulatories shorts tas 2 S200) Bay see as Dicranodromia (p. 59)
Genus HOMOLODROMIA A. Milne Edwards
Homolodromia A. M1tnE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 32, 1880
(type, H. paradoza A. Milne Edwards).—Bovvinr, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 37 [4], etc., 1896.—A. M1LtnE Epwarps and BovviEr,
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 9, 1902.
Carapace narrow, wider behind than in front. The antennules
are too large to fold into their fossettes. Antennae very mobile,
inserted below the ocular peduncle; they are much longer than the
carapace. The eyes are very small and have no special orbital
cavity. Buccal area quadrilateral; epistome very distinct. Teeth
of fingers sharp, fitting together. The first and second ambulatories
are slender and very long, the third and fourth pairs are elevated on
the dorsum, small and cheliform. Abdomen of male composed of
seven segments, which are in contact only in their middle part, their
lateral parts narrower and free.
West Indies; east Africa; 356 to 472 fathoms.
HOMOLODROMIA PARADOXA A. Milne Edwards
PuaTE 13, Figures 1, 2; PLats 14, Figures 1-4
Homolodromia paradoza A. MitnNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8,
p. 33, 1880 (type locality, off Nevis, 356 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.); Recueil
de figures de Crustacés nouveaux ou peu connus, pl. 6, figs. 2-2e, 1883.—
Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 38, etc., figs. 1, 2, 3, 32,
1896.—A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
27, p. 11,, figs. 1,;2, pl: 1, 1902.
Diagnosis.—Eyes small, without special orbital cavity. Last two
pairs of legs with cheliform extremities.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 59
Description.—Carapace thick, much swollen transversely, and bent
down anteriorly; clothed with a scattered down which does not con-
ceal the test; surface smooth, punctate behind. Posterior branchial
regions dilated, their anterior limit a deep branchial furrow which
is interrupted a little before reaching middle of cardiac area; this
last is strongly marked except behind where its periphery is marked
by wide, shallow depressions. The cervical suture is represented in
its median part by a shallow median arc, concave forward, which
does not join the lateral parts. Front armed with two strong,
triangular, flat rostral horns, which reach to the level of the extremity
of the second article of the antennae and are deeply separated by a
furrow continued on the gastric region. A large postorbital spine
is conical and directed outward and a little forward. Lateral borders
unarmed and almost parallel. Latero-inferior regions unarmed.
Ocular peduncles nearly as long as rostral horns and almost cylindri-
cal; armed in front with a small spine and terminating in a cornea very
little dilated and with a deep sinus behind. The antennular peduncles
reach almost to the end of the antennal peduncles. Chelipeds of
male feeble, equal, covered with smooth scattered hairs; a spine on
upper distal border of merus and another outside overlapping carpus;
prehensile margins of digits dentate, the immobile finger ending in a
sort of fork which fits the tip of the mobile finger. The first two
ambulatories are smooth, cylindrical; dactylus very long and strongly
curved; merus armed with a small spine above at distal end. The
chela of the last two pairs of feet is formed by a very curved dactyl
opposed to a short projection of the propodus, armed with several
spines.
Measurements.—Male holotype, total length of carapace 18, width
at base of anterolateral spines 9, maximum width of posterior branchial
regions 12.5 mm.
Range.—Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.
Material examined.—Off Nevis; 356 fathoms; station 151, Blake;
1878-79; 1 male holotype (M. C. Z. no. 6512).
Genus DICRANODROMIA A. Milne Edwards
Dicranodromia A. M1unE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 31, 1880
(type, D. ovata A. Milne Edwards).—FiuHo1t, La vie au fond des mers,
p. 127, 1885.—Orrmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 6, p. 549, 1892.— Bouvirr, Bull.
Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 48, etc., 1896.—A. Minne Epwarps
and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 14, 1902.
Arachnodromia Aucock, Deep-sea Brachyura, Investigator, p. 17, 1899 (type, A.
baffint Alcock and Anderson).
Carapace narrow, ovoid, elongate, scantily hairy. The antennules
fold longitudinally under the broad rostral teeth and the eyes are
concealed in the deep orbital cavity. A strong crest on either side
of endostome; epistome triangular, the point joining the front. The
80232—37——5
60 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
facial region occupies nearly the width of carapace. The sutures of
the sternal plastron of the female are lightly marked and do not
overreach the line of the third pair of feet. Ambulatories slender,
shorter than in Homolodromia; last two pairs with subcheliform
extremity, the propodite not forming a distinct digit. Epimera of
segments of female abdomen in contact; terminal segment of enormous
size.
Caribbean Sea; east Atlantic; Indian Ocean; Japan; 150 to 651
fathoms.
DICRANODROMIA OVATA A. Milne Edwards
Figure 15; PLate 13, Fiaurss 3, 4
Dicranodromia ovata A. M1uNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 32,
1880 (type locality, Barbados, 180 fathoms; type, M. C. Z. no. 6510).—
A. MitnEe Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 15,
figs. 5, 6; pl. 2; pl. 3, fig. 1-4, 1902.
Diagnosis.—Eyes large and deep in orbital cavity. Last two pairs
of legs subcheliform, the propodite not forming a distinct digit.
Description.—Carapace and appendages covered with very short
blunt spinules; ventral surface and legs hairy, especially the margins,
FIGURE 15.—Dicranodromia ovata, male (68887): Abdomen, enlarged.
which are clothed in long fine hairs. Carapace more convex trans-
versely than from front to rear; side margins nearly parallel; they
diverge slightly behind, the carapace being wider in its posterior than
anterior part. Front formed of two large triangular teeth between
which there is a small median point, a vertical prolongation from the
epistome. Upper orbital border interrupted toward the outside by a
narrow fissure; a wide V-sinus outside the orbit and below the antero-
lateral angle; suborbital border lobiform; some very small spines on
the orbital lobes and the anterior part of the lateral borders of the
carapace. The ocular peduncles turn laterally in orbital cavity; they
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 61
narrow gradually from base to the rather reduced cornea; basal
article of peduncles mobile and very distinct. The basal article of
the antennular peduncle enlarges from base to extremity; it is flattened
on ventral side; the next article turns almost transversely outward
under the concave surface of the rostral horn; between this article
and the horn is folded the following article, and the flagellum recurves
outward above the last named; there is, therefore, a perfectly formed
antennular cavity comprised between the vertical partition of the
front, the rostral horn, the basal article of the ocular peduncle and the
antennal peduncle. The antennal flagellum nearly reaches the
extremity of the chelipeds. Buccal cavity quadrangular, narrowing
behind.
Chelipeds slightly unequal; merus 3-sided; a shallow arched sinus
on outer surface of carpus. Fingers spooned, white and naked except
at the base; the dactylus is bent downward and slightly inward from
the palm; it has a tooth at base of outer prehensile edge, and a small
tooth on either side of the pointed tip which fits into the notch of the
immobile finger; this last has, beside its two terminal teeth, four more
on the outer edge. The next two pairs of feet do not overreach the
chelipeds; the last two pairs are scarcely chelate, the strongly arched
dactylus in the midst of a crown of spines bordering the extremity of
the propodus. The terminal segment of the abdomen is nearly as
long as the sum of the remaining segments; in the male it is narrower
than segments 3-6 and is much longer than broad; in the female it is
somewhat heart-shaped and broader than long.
Measurements—Type female, total length of carapace 26, greatest
width 19 mm (after Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Ovigerous female
(57069), total length of carapace 9.8, greatest width 8 mm.
Range.—From Straits of Florida to Barbados; 70 to 229 fathoms.
Material exramined.—See table 16, page 64.
Superfamily THELXIOPEIDEA, new name
Homoliens (part), Minne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2,
pets, 1837,
Homolidea Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, p. 126, 1899.
Carapace longer than broad; linea anomurica, or suture line, running
on either side from posterior border of carapace to inner side of an-
tennal spine, usually present. Eyes not retractile into orbits, nor
antennules into pits. Basal article of antennules subglobular. The
eyestalks consist of two movable joints, a slender conspicuous basal
joint and a stout terminal joint that carries the eye. Antennal
flagella, except in Latreilliidae, much longer than carapace. Inter-
antennular septum a distinct vertical process. The front forms a
slender triangular prominent rostrum which may be bifid at tip, and
often has a spine on either side at base. Division between epistome
62 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
and palate distinct, vault of palate shallow. External maxillipeds
pediform or suboperculiform. Chelipeds and legs long and slender.
Only the last pair of legs is dorsal and reduced in size. Sternum of
female broad. Abdomen of male and usually of female, consists of
seven separate segments. Gills phyllobranchiate; gill-plumes vary
from 14 to 8 on either side. (After Alcock.)
KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF THE THELXIOPEIDEA
A}, Gills 13 or 14 on each side. Mastigobranchs on first one or
three pairs of legs. First article of eyestalks not much
longer than second a seer. we. ee ee eee eee Thelxiopeidae (p. 62)
A’, Gills 8 on each side. Mastigobranchs not found on any legs.
First article of eyestalks much longer than second__-.Latreilliidae (p. 63)
Family THELXIOPEIDAE, new name
Homolidae Hrenperson, Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger, vol. 27, Anomura, p. 18,
1888.—OrRTMANN in Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, vol.
5, pt. 2, Arthropoda, p. 1155, 1901.
Carapace elongate-quadrangular, ovoid or urn-shaped. Terminal
joint of eyestalk, including eye, either longer or shorter than the
slender basal joint. Antennal flagella much longer than carapace.
External maxillipeds pediform or subpediform.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY THELXIOPEIDAE
Al. Carapace broadest anteriorly. Second article of antennal
peduncle with antero-external spine___-_------------- Thelxiope (p. 62)
A?, Carapace broadest posteriorly. Second article of antennal
peduncle without antero-external spine.
B!. Carapace with dorsolateral margins. Rostrum short_--_Paromola (p. 68)
B?. Carapace without dorsolateral margins. Rostrum elon-
gates: 03 _ Us BOD SO Hash Dione sie seek Homologenus (p. 70)
Genus THELXIOPE Rafinesque
Hippocarcinus ALDROVANDI, De mollibus, crustaceis, testaceis et zoophytis,
p. 178, 1606 (type, H. hispidus Aldrovandi).
Thelziope RAFINESQUE, Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques, p. 21,
1814 (type, 7. palpigera Rafinesque).
Homola Lracu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 324, 1815 (type, H. spini-
frons Lamarck); Zoological miscellany, vol. 2, p. 82, 1815.—Atcock, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, p. 154 and synonymy, 1899.
Homolus Lracn, in Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 21, p. 416, 1821. Leach here recognizes
that Rafinesque and Latreille had described the same genus under the names
Thelaiope |Thelxiope] and Hippocarcin. [Hippocarcinus], respectively.
Carapace square-cut, longer than broad, broadest in front, and
with deep vertical sides; gastric region well demarcated and occupy-
ing the anterior half of carapace, linea anomurica distinct and dorsal.
Front narrow, forming a rostrum, either entire or bifid at tip, and
with a spine on either side of its base. Orbits quite incomplete, not
concealing eyestalks, and the eyes, which project far outside them,
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 63
are retractile against sides of carapace. Eyestalks long, composed
of two joints, a slender basal joint, and a swollen terminal joint that
carries the eye; terminal joint nearly as long as basal. Second
article of antennal peduncle having its antero-external angle produced
in a spine. Palate distinctly delimited from epistome everywhere
except in middle line; expiratory canals well defined. External
maxillipeds subpediform. Chelipeds rather slender and generally
somewhat spiny. Legs long, more or less compressed and spiny, the
last pair reaching to end of carpus of preceding pair, and subcheliform,
the propodite dilated near the basal end and never twice length of
dactylus. Abdomen of both sexes rather broad, consisting of seven
separate segments. Gill plumes 14 on either side; epipodites on
chelipeds and first two pairs of legs.
East and west coasts of America; eastern North Atlantic and
Mediterranean; Indo-Pacific.
The substitution of Thelriope for Homola is called for under the
International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. Thelxiope pre-
cedes Homola by a year. Rafinesque’s definition is above question.
His description of the type species also certainly applies to the
barbata of Fabricius. The name Thelxiope has been mentioned by
Desmarest,!° Roux," Cuvier,’? White, and Stebbing “ as synonymous,
or probably synonymous, with Homola, but so far no one has used
the weapon of priority to do justice to Rafinesque’s genus.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS THELXIOPE
AMeRostrumubidentatess: eee oe te ee ee ee barbata (p. 63)
AgvaRostrumva single spine. oss86. 0 03s eh ose 2 ee So ee vigil (p. 66)
THELXIOPE BARBATA (Fabricius)
Figure 16; Puate 15, Fiaures 1, 2
Cancer barbatus Fasricius, Entomologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 460, 1793 (type
locality, Bay of Naples; type not located).—Herrgsst, Versuch einer Natur-
geschichte der Krabben und Krebse, vol. 2, p. 166, pl. 42, fig. 3 (col.), 1796.
Thelziope palpigera RAFINESQUE, Précis des découvertes et travaux somiolo-
giques, p. 21, 1814.
Doripe spinifrons Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres, vol.
5, p. 245, 1818 (type locality, Mediterranean; type in Paris Mus.). Synonym,
D. fronticornis Lamarck, MS.
Homola spinifrons Leacu, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, vol. 11, p. 324, 1815,
(type locality not given); Zoological miscellany, vol. 2, p. 82, pl. 88, 1815.—
DeEsMAREstT, Considérations générales sur la classe des Crustacés, p. 134,
pl. 17, fig. 1, 1825——Mitne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés,
vol. 2, p. 183, pl. 2, fig. 1-4, 1837; im Cuvier, Régne animal, Crustacea
(Disciples’ ed.), p. 102, pl. 39, fig. 2 (col.)—2b, 1837.
10 Desmarest, Considérations générales sur la classe des Crustacés, p. 134, 1825.
11 Roux, Crustacés de la Méditerranée et de son littoral, p. 85, 1828.
12 Cuvier, Le régne animal, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 68, 1829.
13 White, List of the specimens of Crustacea in the collection of the British Museum, p. 55, 1847.
14 Stebbing, South African Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 22, 1902.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 65
Homola barbata Wurte, List of the specimens of Crustacea in the collection of the
British Museum, p. 55, 1847.—S. I. Smiru, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 3,
p. 420, 1880; Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1885, p. 637 [33], pl. 2, fig. 1, 1886.—
STEBBING, South African Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 22 and synonymy, 1902.—
Hay and Suorge, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35 (1915-1916), p. 419, pl.
30, fig. 10, 1918.
Diagnosis —Carapace widest in anterior half. Rostrum bidentate.
Orbital spine distant from spine at base of rostrum. A tooth on
second segment of abdomen.
Description.—Rostrum small, bidentate; upper orbital teeth larger
than those situated on either side of the base of rostrum and placed
FIGURE 16.—Thelziope barbata, male (19290). After Smith.
on the same line. Gastric region rough with nine large spines, of
which one is median and posterior, four middle disposed in a square,
and two lateral on each side opposite middle of square and in nearly
a transverse line; lateral margins of carapace armed anteriorly with
a very large spine, situated at extremity of the suture which separates
the gastric and hepatic regions; a second spine shorter and slenderer,
a little farther back, followed by a series of small spinules; no spines
on rest of carapace. Arm prismatic, a row of spines on each margin;
hands a little compressed, spinous on lower border only. Ambula-
tory legs compressed; first three armed below with one row of small
66 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
spines on propodus and dactyl and above with a row of rather strong
spines on merus; fourth or dorsal leg with a row of large spines on
lower edge of merus, propodus and dactyl. <A large median conical
tooth on second segment of abdomen.
Color—Body covered with tawny or yellowish-brown or reddish-
brown hair; spines red or partly red. Herbst (loc. cit.) shows a
flowery red patch on hinder half of carapace.
Measurements —Male (23182), length including rostrum 29.5,
anterior width of dorsum at base of spines, 22.4, posterior width of
dorsum 16 mm. Female (23182) length 33.2, anterior width 25.2,
posterior width 19.7 mm.
Range—Off southeastern Massachusetts to Caribbean Sea;
eastern Atlantic from Portugal and Azores to Madeira Islands;
Mediterranean; South Africa; 30 to 373 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 17, page 67.
THELXIOPE VIGIL (A. Milne Edwards)
PuLaTE 16, Figures 1-3
Homola vigil A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 33, 1880.—
A. MILNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 27,
fig. 9, pl. 3, figs. 16-18; pl. 4, figs. 5-9; pl. 5, figs. 1-10, 1902 (type locality,
off Martinique, 169 fathoms; type not found in M. C. Z.).
Diagnosis —Carapace nearly as broad as long, spines included.
Rostrum a single spine. Ocular peduncles much swollen in cornea]
region.
Description.—Compared to TJ. barbata, carapace shorter and wider,
spines of anterior part more feeble, rostral spine acute. Carapace a
little swollen; sides parallel up to the shoulder spine; median gastric
spine on the narrow part of the mesogastric; a small spine on anterior
branchial area; marginal spinules of posterior branchial area few and
indistinct. Eyes stouter in terminal portion. Second article of antennal
peduncle without a prominence. Epistome with a longitudinal crest;
border of epistome very distinct especially at middle where there is
a shallow sinus; a strong transverse crest on sternum.
Chelipeds a little narrower than in TJ. barbata; ambulatory legs
longer and narrower, the meral spines better developed; long hairs
scarce; dactyl of posterior pair almost lanceolate, penult article longer
than in barbata.
Measurements (after Milne Edwards and Bouvier).—Male, holo-
type, length of carapace to base of rostrum 19, width to base of antero-
lateral spines 18, width near middle of posterior branchial area 18 mm.
Range.—From the coast of Georgia to the Windward Islands; 169
to 440 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 18, page 72.
67
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68 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus PAROMOLA Wood-Mason
Paromola Woov-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 7, p. 267, 1891 [type,
P. cuvieri (Risso)].—Atcocx, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, p. 156,
1899.—IuuE, Die Decapoda Brachyura der Siboga-Expedition, monogr. 39b,
p. 69, 1913.
Differs from Thelxiope in its greatest breadth behind; the linea
anomurica very conspicuous and well inside the lateral border;
rostrum a simple cylindrical spine flanked on either side at base by a
single spine of equal or greater size; second article of antennal peduncle
not produced or specially acute at antero-external angle.
Mediterranean Sea; Indian Ocean; Pacific coast of America.
KEY TO THE AMBRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PAROMOLA
Al. Terminal joint of eyestalk swollen at extremity__----------- faxoni (p. 68)
A2. Terminal joint of eyestalk diminishing toward extremity__rathbuni (p. 69)
PAROMOLA FAXONI (Schmitt)
PuatTeE 18; Puate 19, Fiaure 1
Homola faxoni Scumitt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, p. 184, pl. 31, fig.
7, 1921 (type locality, off Point Loma, Calif.; type, U.S.N.M. no. 53331).
Diagnosis—Terminal joint of eyestalk swollen at extremity.
Chelipeds of male slender. Chelipeds and legs not rough on the
sides. Orbital spine at base of rostrum.
Description.—Carapace, exclusive of rostral spine, a little longer
than broad, greatest width at about posterior fourth; entire surface
more or less obscured by a thick short pubescence. The supraorbital
spines, one on either side of base of rostrum, are stout, surpassing the
rostrum somewhat in size and length; each is provided on its posterior
margin with two small hooked spines. Behind and a little closer
together than the supraorbita] spines there are two much less promi-
nent ones on the anterior part of gastric region. External to each
of these three is a spine of like size, about in line with the tubercle on
the apex of the gastric cavity and the superior hepatic spine at
anterolateral angle of carapace; a tubercle also between the median
gastric tubercle and the outermost of the anterior gastric spines, one
on each side. Hepatic region well developed; below the stout spine
at anterolateral angle of carapace there is a smaller, inferior hepatic
spine. Marking the lateral margin of the dorsal surface of the
carapace behind the superior hepatic spine there is a row of four
slightly smaller spines on the branchial region, paralleling the linea
anomurica, and decreasing in size from before backward. ‘There are
sundry other tubercles rather regularly arranged in more or less
definite groups on the various regions of the carapace.
Hairs covering chelipeds and legs longer than those of carapace; a
row of sharp, hooked spines on upper margin of merus of all except
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 69
the last pair of legs, the largest of the series overhanging the articula-
tion with the carpus at the superior distal angle; a spine, similarly
placed, occurs on the merus of the last pair of legs; fingers of cheliped
one-third the entire length of chela, and dark colored. Abdomen
thickly pubescent; two basal segments each armed with a sharp
median tubercle. (After Schmitt.)
Measurements —Female holotype (53331), Jength of carapace
including rostrum 45, of rostrum 5, greatest width of carapace 36,
length of last leg to distal extremity of propodus 66, of next preceding
leg to distal extremity of merus 47 mm.
Range.—Off Point Loma, Calif.; 67 to 135 fathoms.
Material exramined.—See table 19, page 72.
PAROMOLA RATHBUNI Porter
PLATE 19, Figure 2
Paromola rathbuni Porter, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., vol. 12, p. 88, pl. 8, 1908
[type locality, Isla de Mas-Afuera, Juan Fernandez; type (9) destroyed
by fire in 1906]; vol. 31, p. 141, pl. 10 (o), 1927.—Ratrusun, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 594, 1910.
Diagnosis.—Terminal joint of eyestalk diminishing toward extrem-
ity. Chelipeds of male stout. Chelipeds and legs very rough on
the sides.
Description.—Carapace, chelipeds, and legs rough above, covered
with sharp granules and tubercles. Palms covered with hair. Ros-
trum seen from above, a short equilateral triangle, the sides slightly
concave. Orbital spines narrower than rostrum. Hepatic spine
large, directed obliquely forward and with a long slender tip; behind
it, a sharp outward-pointing tooth. Four spines in a transverse row
on anterior gastric region. Lateral branchial spines numerous,
small, unequal. Terminal article of eye about as long as peduncle,
and subcylindrical, a little wider at proximal than at distal end.
Second article of antennal peduncle with a spine at distal inner angle.
Chelipeds of male strong, twice as long as carapace; palms one and
a half times as long as fingers; merus joints margined with numerous
spines. Merus of second ambulatory six times as long as wide;
merus of fourth leg three-fifths as long as third. A tooth on first
segment of abdomen.
Color.—Uniform dark olive above; clear yellow below except the
buccal parts, which are speckled with olive. (Porter.)
Measurements Length of carapace of type female 90.5 mm.
Length of carapace of male 109 mm.
Material_—Only two specimens are on record: The type female was
destroyed by fire; later a male was collected by Prof. don Conrado
Ruiz S., and it is now in the National Museum of Santiago, Chile.
Both were taken at Isla de Mas-Afuera, Juan Fernandez.
70 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus HOMOLOGENUS A. Milne Edwards
Homolopsis A. M1itne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 34, 1880,
(type, H. rostratus A. Milne Edwards). Not Homolopsis Bell, Monograph
of the fossil malacostracous Crustacea of Great Britain, pt. 2, p. 22, 1862
(1868).
Homologenus A. M1tnE Epwarps, in Henderson, Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger,
Anomura, vol. 27, p. 20, 1888.—Bovuvisr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8,
vol. 8, p. 30, 1896.—A. Mine Epwarps and Bouvier, Crustacés décapodes
provenant des campagnes du yacht |’Hirondelle (supplément) et de la
Princesse-Alice, fase. 18, p. 18, 1899; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27,
p. 29, 1902.
Differs from Thelziope in its much longer rostrum, almost styli-
form, and armed near the middle of its length with a pair of sym-
metrical spines, by the reduction of the anterolateral spine, the great
development of the marginal spine which limits outwardly the anten-
nal region, the presence of a strong metagastric spine; and by the
regular convexity of the carapace which is dilated behind and pre-
sents no trace of dorsolateral margins; epistome narrow, scarcely
soldered with the front.
Eastern Atlantic (off Morocco and Azores); western Atlantic
(Bahamas and West Indies); 580 to 1,039 fathoms.
HOMOLOGENUS ROSTRATUS (A. Milne Edwards)
Figure 17; Puatse 17, Fiaures 1-3
Homolopsis rostratus A. M1tNe Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 34,
1880 (type locality, between St. Thomas and Santa Cruz, 580 fathoms;
whereabouts of type unknown); Recueil de figures de Crustacés nouveaux
ou peu connus, pl. 6, fig. 1, la, 1883.
Homologenus rostratus BouviER, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 30,
fig. 25, 1896 —A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Expéditions scientifiques
du Travailleur et du Talisman, pt. 1, Crustacés décapodes, 1880-1883,
p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 1 (col.), pl. 8, figs. 19-21, 1900; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27, p. 30, 1902.
Homologenus (Homolopsis) rostratus A. M1LNE Epwarps and Bovvirr, Crustacés
décapodes provenant des campagnes du yacht |’Hirondelle (supplément)
et de la Princesse-Alice, fase. 13, p. 18, 1899.
Diagnosis —Rostrum with a pair of spines midway of its length.
Hepatic spine much the longest. Eyestalks short. Legs filiform.
Description.—Carapace ovoid, strongly narrowed in front, ending
in a sharp rostrum, directed forward and downward and surmounted
laterally by two strong spines; its tip reaches the flagellum of outer
antennae. At base of rostrum are two large supra-orbital spines
directed upward and outward. A very long spine, having the same
direction as the preceding, arms the hepatic region; behind this the
branchial lobe bears a very small spine, as does also the metagastric
lobe. The anterolateral spine is behind and longer than the antennal
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA v1
spine. A small protogastric spine. The carapace is convex trans-
versely and has no dorsolateral margin; it is covered with fine sub-
acute granules, and on its anterior half with straight hairs some of
which are long and recurved. There is no trace of an orbital cavity,
the vertical region in its place extending from the basal rostral spine
to the antennal spine. Ocular peduncles stout, constricted at mid-
dle; cornea occupying nearly one-third of its length. Basal article of
antennular peduncle dilated at proximal end, two next articles
slender, subequal, the base of the last one not reaching extremity of
rostrum; the longer flagellum is nearly as long as the last article of the
peduncle. The antennal flagellum is a little longer than carapace.
FIGURE 17.—Homologenus rostratus: Ventral view of anterior portion, enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards.
Chelipeds of moderate size, not longer than carapace, spinous and
finely hairy; propodus armed with six or seven spines below, fewer
above; carpus 8-spined; fingers deflexed, unarmed, occludent margins
in contact. First three pairs of ambulatories very long, extremely
slender and almost cylindrical; merus with a few spines above, in-
cluding a terminal one, and some shorter spines below. Fourth pair
slenderer and much shorter; its propodus has, not far from its base,
a long spine directed distad within which the dactyl plays. Male
abdomen oval; in male and female a strong spine on second and
third segments; a pair of small, lateral spines on segments 3, 4, and
5 in male.
Color.—Vinaceous-pink.
Measurements—Female (11389), length of carapace to tip of
rostrum 15.6; width exclusive of spines 10.7, length of second ambu-
latory 32.6 mm.
Range.—Eastern Atlantic; Bahamas to Leeward Islands; 580 to
683 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 20, page 72.
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72
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 73
Family LATREILLIIDAE Aleock
Latreilliidae Atcocxk, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, p. 130, 1899.
Carapace elongate-quadrangular or pyriform. Basal article of
eyestalk very much longer than terminal article. Antennal flagella
not so long as carapace. Outer maxillipeds suboperculiform. Gill
plumes eight on either side; no epipodites to chelipeds or legs.
Genus LATREILLIA Roux
Latreillia Roux, Crustacés de la Méditerranée et de son littoral, p. (1), 1828
(type, L. elegans Roux).—Atucock, Catalogue of the Indian decapod Crus-
tacea in the collection of the Indian Museum, pt. 1, fase. 1, p. 70, 1901.
Proctor GisTEL, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, p. 1x, 1848; substituted for
Latreillia because named for a man.
Carapace elongate-pyriform, not covering basal articles of legs, its
anterior part prolonged to form a subcylindrical ‘‘neck”’ at the end of
which are the spiniform rostrum (lying deflexed between two long
slender divergent ‘‘supra-ocular’’ spines), the eyes, antennules, and
antennae. Regions fairly well indicated; no linea anomurica. Eyes
large, the slender basal article of the eyestalk being several times longer
than the terminal article. Antennules inserted behind the eyes, first
article very large, globular and swollen, other articles filiform; an-
tennae behind the antennules, first article small, globular, second and
third elongate. Epistome of great length. Buccal cavern well de-
marcated, efferent branchial channels well defined. Outer maxillipeds
not completely closing the buccal orifice; they have a pediform cast,
the ischium and merus being rather narrow and the flagellum coarse.
Chelipeds long and slender, but much shorter than the first three pairs
of ambulatory legs; all the articles are slender except the palm, which
in one or both sexes is club-shaped; fingers shorter than palm. First
three pairs of ambulatory legs very long and slender; some of their
articles are spiny. Last pair of legs more or less reduced in length,
subdorsal. Abdomen of male with seven separate segments; of female
with segments 4, 5, and 6 fused. (After Alcock.)
Atlantic coast of North America; off Canaries and Azores; Mediter-
ranean Sea; South Africa; Indian Ocean; Japanese Seas; and New
South Wales.
LATREILLIA ELEGANS Roux
Figure 18; Puate 20; Puate 21, Ficures 1-8
Latreillia elegans Roux, Crustacés de la Méditerranée et de son littoral, p. (2), pl.
22, 1828 (type locality, Sicily; type in Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseille).—MILNE
Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 1, p. 277, 1834.—Lucas,
Exploration scientifique de l’Algérie .. . 1840—42, vol. 1, Animaux articulés,
p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 1, 1849.—HEuuEr, Die Crustaceen siidlichen Europa, p. 147,
pl. 4, fig. 14 (after Lucas), 1863.—Smiru, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, p.
419, 1881; Ann. Rept. Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 1882, p. 351, pl. 2, fig.
2, 2a, pl. 3, fig. 1, 1884; for 1885, p. 637 [33], 1886.—Bovvisrr, Bull. Soc.
Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 64 [31], fig. 26, 1896.—Atucock, Catalogue of
74 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
the Indian decapod Crustacea in the collection of the Indian Museum, fasc.
1, p. 80, 1901.—Stessina, South African Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 24, 1902 (part;
not L. valida nor L. pennifera).—Hay and SHors, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fisheries,
vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 419, 1918.
Latreillea elegans A. Mttne Epwarps and Bouvier, Crustacés décapodes pro-
venant des campagnes du yacht 1’Hirondelle, fasc. 7, p. 59, pl. 6, figs. 13-
15, 1894; Crustacés de la Princesse-Alice, fasc. 13, p. 13, 1899.
Diagnosis.—Eyes and pair of frontal spines of subequal length.
Fingers little less than half length of palm. Propodus of last leg
plumed on both sides. Female abdomen with four lateral spines.
Description.—Carapace finely granulate, truncate in front and
armed with two long divergent horns between which a slender spine-
FIGURE 18.—Latreillia elegans, female: a, Dorsal view, lacking chelipeds and legs; 6, left side. X 2.
like rostrum projects obliquely downward; each of the lateral horns is
armed with three spinules separated by subequal intervals. Front
margin of carapace with a small acute spine projecting downward at
outer base of eyestalks. Abdomen broad in both sexes terminating
in a short spine; in the female, the first segment has a median tubercle,
second and third segments each with a strong median spine, fourth
and fifth segments (fused to sixth) with a spine near each lateral mar-
gin; in the male the segments are distinct and there is a spine on sec-
ond segment. Eyes pyriform, with their slender stalks about equal
tn length to the supraorbital horns. Chelipeds very slender, three
times as long as body and about half as long as third ambulatories;
thela a little longer than carpus; dactylus a little less than half the
length of palm. Legs very long, almost filiform, their basal, ischial
and meral articles spinulous; dactyls very short.
Color.—Yellowish; legs with red bands. (Milne Edwards.)
Measurements —Length of carapace of female (19296) 12.7, width
7.8, horn 8, length of third leg 79 mm.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 75
Range.—Both sides of North Atlantic Ocean; Mediterranean Sea;
70 to 200 fathoms. Natal, 25 fathoms (Stebbing).
Material examined.—See table 21, p. 76.
Subtribe OXYSTOMATA De Haan
Oxystomata Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 111, 1841 (not Raninoi-
dea).— Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 389,
1852.— Mirrs, Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Brachyura, vol. 17, p. 337,
1886.—OrtTMANN, Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst.), vol. 6, p. 550, 1892.
Oxystoma or Leucosoidea Autcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, pt. 2,
no. 2, p. 135, 1896.
Epistome reduced or absent. The efferent branchial channels ter-
minate at middle of buccal area, the buccal cavern produced forward
and generally of an elongate triangular shape; the efferent channels
are closed in by an elongate lamellar process of the exopods of the
first maxillipeds. The afferent branchial openings are either in front
of bases of chelipeds or at sides of endostome. Branchiae six to
nine on either side. The antennules fold either longitudinally or
obliquely, rarely transversely. In the male the genital ducts pro-
trude either side through the bases of the fifth pair of legs or through
the fifth thoracic sternum close by. (After Alcock.)
KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF THE SUBTRIBE OXYSTOMATA
Al, Carapace short, exposing the first two or three abdominal terga
INVGOTSAI VIC Ween ee ee ee ees ee See ae Dorippidae (p. 75)
A?, Carapace of ordinary brachyurous shape.
B!. Afferent branchial openings on either side of endostome.
Leucosiidae (p. 121)
B?. Afferent branchial openings in front of bases of chelipeds.
Calappidae (p. 196)
Family DORIPPIDAE Dana
Dorippiens Minne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 151
(partim), 1837.
Dorippidea Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 120, 1841.
Dorippidae Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 390,
1852.— Miers, Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger, Brachyura, vol. 17, p. 326,
1886.—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 2738, 1896.—InHLE,
Die Decapoda Brachyura der Siboga-Expedition, monogr. 39 b!, p. 98, 1916.
Carapace typically flat, hiding not much more than half of the
abdominal terga, the first three of which are commonly visible in a
dorsal view, quite uncovered. Orbits somewhat incomplete. Anten-
nules often too large to fold inside their fossettes. Antennae large.
Buccal cavern prolonged forward to form an efferent branchial
canal. First two pairs of true legs remarkably long and stout; last
two pairs remarkably short and slender and occupy a singular posi-
tion in the dorsal plane of the body. The vasa deferentia perforate
the fifth thoracic sternum on either side.
80232376
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY DORIPPIDAE
Al, The external maxillipeds leave all the anterior part of buccal
cavern uncovered.
B!. Basal segments of antennules normal. Eyestalks movable,
dweeted, forwards .< f2f2 o2.08 IPs oe we wel Se hoe bs Ethusa (p. 77)
B?, Basal segments of antennules very large and swollen, crowd-
ing eyes and antennae almost transversely. LEyestalks
ATTATING Vid LCs a ee mene Rene aoe enn. Mn EI rete ee Ethusina (p. 89)
A?. The external maxillipeds are greatly elongate and do not leave
any appreciable portion of buccal cavern uncovered.
B!. Carapace quadrate. Rostrum rather narrow, triangular,
acute at end. Afferent orifices reduced or rudimentary.
Efferent orifices more or less separate and situated behind
the front.
C!, Eyes without pigment. Antennules large, unconcealed.
Merus of outer maxilliped produced forward far beyond
carpal articulation 730s 2 ae aes a Cymonomus (p. 96)
C?. Eyes normally developed. Antennules folding under
front. Merus of outer maxilliped not overreaching
fiat ees ROTO ORR OE! ee eee Pl Seo ke Cymopolus (p. 98)
B?, Carapace oval or subcircular. Rostrum little prominent or
divided at end. Efferent orifices contiguous and united in
a gutter approaching frontal border; no afferent opening at
base of anterior feet.
C!, Carapace transversely oval, branchial regions much dilated
in all directions. Efferent orifices reaching anterior bor-
der of front, which is triangular, obtuse. Eyes pig-
menteds.Baus09 BOA. TeTIGHe UCL ROR FIT BNE Corycodus (p. 101)
C?, Carapace subcircular.
D'!. Antennules long, incapable of folding into antennular
cavity. Antennae with narrow peduncle____Cyclodorippe (p. 103)
D?. Antennules small, completely retractile; antennae very
short, with valviform peduncle_________-_-_-_ Clythrocerus (p. 109)
Genus ETHUSA Roux
Ethusa Roux, Crustacés de la Méditerranée et de son littoral, p. [81], 1828 (type,
E. mascarone Roux).
Pridope Narvo, Mem. Ist. Veneto, vol. 14, p. 307, 1868 (type, P. typica Nardo).
Carapace flat, truncate-oblong and broadest behind, covering little
more than the first two thoracic sterna; hepatic region small. The
front consists of two laminar teeth, each of which is bifid. A tooth or
spine at antero-external angle of carapace. The antennules fold
obliquely; they are large and project beyond their fossae. The
antennae have a long flagellum; their basal article is inserted between
the eyestalk and the basal antennular article, but on a slightly lower
level. The buccal cavern is elongate-triangular and does not extend
to the front; the external maxillipeds cover only its basal three-fourths,
but the distal part is closed in by the stout, foliaceous processes of the
first maxillipeds. The palp of the external maxillipeds arises from the
summit of the merus and is completely exposed in flexion. The
78 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
afferent branchial orifices are wide openings immediately in front of
bases of chelipeds. Chelipeds in adult male often unequal. First
and second pairs of ambulatory legs long and usually rather stout.
The last two pairs short and rather slight; they arise much higher
than the other legs and have a small hooklike dactylus folding back-
ward. The abdomen of the male usually consists of five pieces, the
third to fifth segments being fused or partially so; that of the female
consists of seven separate segments; the first three segments visible in
dorsal view.
East and west coasts of Middle America, eastern Atlantic and
Mediterranean, and Indo-Pacific region.
KBY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ETHUSA
Al, Eyestalks long, extending laterally beyond outer orbital spine.
B!. Outer orbital spine directed obliquely forward.
mascarone americana (p. 78)
B*. Outer orbital spine directed longitudinally forward.
mascarone panamensis (p. 79)
A’, Eyestalks short, not extending beyond outer orbital spine.
B!. Branchial regions separated by the cardiac and gastric regions.
C!. Dactyls of first and second ambulatories flattened above.
D'. Carapace as broad as, or broader than long.
E!. Eyestalks longer than cornea. Appendages of second
abdominal segment of male shorter than those of first
SCEIMeMb. oe AI ye Seay eS microphthalma (p. 82)
E*, Eyestalks very short, much stouter than cornea. Ap-
pendages of second abdominal segment of male longer
than, those, of first isesment2s--cet oe oat ete ea SD lata (p. 84)
D?. Carapace longer than broad____._____.__--_---- truncata (p. 85)
C?, Dactyls of first and second ambulatories not flattened
tenuipes (p. 87)
B?. Branchial regions meeting on median line, separating cardiac
from) gastric region. 2s<")- 3's eee Ae ee ciliatifrons (p. 88)
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF ETHUSA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PaciFic
mascarone americana (and Pacific). mascarone panamensis.
microphthalma. lata.
ETHUSA MASCARONE AMERICANA A. Milne Edwards
PLATE 22, FiguRE 2; PLaTE 23, FIGURE 2
Ethusa americana A. MitnE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 30,
1880 (type localities, West Florida, 13 fathoms, type in M. C. Z., and lat.
26°16’ N., 20 fathoms, type in Paris Mus.).—A. MiLnnE Epwarps and
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 67, pl. 18, figs. 1-4, 1902.
Ethusa mascarone americana RaTHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11,
p. 109, 1897; Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 293, 1898;
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 89, 1901.—F1nNEGAN,
Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 37, p. 615, 1931.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 79
Ethusa mascarone (pars) BouviER, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9 (1896-—
1897), p. 65, 1898.
Diagnosis.—Kyestalks long, extending laterally beyond postorbital
spine. Carapace elongate, not much wider posteriorly then anteriorly.
Description.—Carapace somewhat lyre-shaped; length about one-
fifth greater than width in male, one-seventh greater in female; sur-
face smooth and finely pubescent. Regions well marked; branchial
regions moderately swollen; they and the cardiac region are equally
high. Spine at antero-external angle of carapace and at external end
of orbit, broad at base but tapering to slender and acute, and project-
ing obliquely forward as far as the line of the median sinus. The
divisions of the frontal teeth are sharp spines well separated and
equally advanced. Eyestalks long, rather slender, extending lat-
erally by the full length of the cornea beyond the antero-external
spines. Chelipeds equal, not strong, reaching to end of carpus of the
first leg; this leg reaches about to middle of dactylus of second leg; the
second pair in male is 2.5 times length of carapace, in female not so
long.
Measurements.—Male (24518), entire length of carapace 7, width
5.8 mm.; female (17880), entire length of carapace 10.7, width 9.4 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to Gulf of Mexico and West Indies. Gulf
of California; Taboga Island, Panama (Finnegan). Shallow water to
45 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 22, page 80.
ETHUSA MASCARONE PANAMENSIS Finnegan
PLATE 22, FicuRE 1; PLATE 23, FicurE 1
Ethusa mascarone americana RatTuBuUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 615,
1898; not H. americana A. Milne Edwards.
Ethusa mascarone var. panamensis FINNEGAN, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool.,
vol. 37, p. 616, 1931 (type locality, Perlas Island; type in Brit. Mus.).
Diagnosis —External-orbital spine shorter than any frontal teeth
and forwardly directed. Distance between tips of frontal teeth on
one side very little less than distance between tips of median pair.
Remarks.—The specimens examined have a patch of fine granulations
on all the protuberances; only in the smaller specimen (22143) is
there evidence of the tubercles figured by Milne Edwards and
Bouvier; the tubercles are not sharp and the specimen is of the same
size as the type of L. americana.
Measurements Female (66797), total length of carapace 9, width
8.5 mm.
Range.—Mexico to Ecuador.
Material examined.—See table 23, page 81.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
80
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ETHUSA MICROPHTHALMA Smith
PLATE 22, Ficure 3; Puats 23, Ficure 3
Ethusa microphthalma Smiru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, p. 418, 1881 (type
locality, off Marthas Vineyard, Mass., 142% fathoms, station 878, Fish
Hawk; type, U.S.N.M. no. 7300); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 6, p. 22, 1883.
Diagnosis—Eyestalks longer than cornea. Dactyli of first and
second ambulatories vertically compressed. Appendages of second
abdominal segment of male shorter than those of first segment.
Description—Carapace as broad as or broader than long, very
much narrowed anteriorly so that in front it is only half or less than
half as broad as the widest part, which is at the swollen branchial
regions posteriorly. Front between the orbits half or less than half
as wide as the entire front and, as seen from above, is divided by a
triangular median sinus and two slightly less deep sinuses at the
extremities of the antennular fossae; the angles between and outside
these sinuses are spiniform, so that the front between the eyes is
armed with four similar and nearly equidistant spines, of which the
lateral are slightly more prominent than the median. Orbital
sinuses nearly as deep as broad and formed on the outside by the
spiniform anterolateral angles, which reach farther forward than the
spines of the front. Anterolateral margins long and nearly straight.
Dorsal surface slightly convex and not deeply areolated though the
cervical suture is well marked and the whole surface is granular and
pubescent. Eyes small, on very short peduncles, so that they do not
nearly reach the angles of the orbital sinuses; cornea terminal, not
expanded, pigment black.
Chelipeds of female equal, small and very slender; chela scarcely
stouter than carpus, the basal portion smooth and nearly cylindrical
and the digits alike, fully as long as the manus, strongly compressed,
longitudinally grooved, slightly curved laterally, prehensile edges
nearly straight, and very regularly dentate. Chelipeds of male
very unequal, the left is slender like those of the female, the right is
considerably longer than the left and has a stout and swollen chela,
about four times as high and two and one-half times as thick as the
left; the fingers much shorter than the manus, tapering to the tip,
prehensile edges oblique and unarmed; carpus and merus much longer
and stouter than in the left cheliped. The first two pairs of ambu-
latories are twice as long as the minor cheliped and nearly naked,
propodus shorter than merus, slightly grooved longitudinally, dac-
tylus longer than propodus, much compressed vertically, slightly
curved, of nearly uniform breadth to a short distance from the
acuminate tip, and strongly carinate. Third and fourth pairs of
ambulatories nearly alike, not half so long as first and second, slender,
and covered with short pubescence except on the dactyls, which are
very short and strongly curved.
83
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
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84. BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Southern specimens are much larger than northern, and have the
carapace thickly covered with a short, soft pile, and the edge of the
front concealed by a fringe of short hair.
Color—Carapace salmon under dense cream-buff pubescence;
corneae gray; tips of fingers white; legs a light flame scarlet, darkest,
on dactyls to lightest on proximal half of back of merus. (W. L.
Schmitt.)
Measurements —Male (66821), length of carapace to tip of sub-
median spine 26.3, width 27.8 mm. Female (66824), length of cara-
pace to tip of submedian spine 25.7, width 26.6 mm.
Range—Off Marthas Vineyard, Mass., to west Florida and Cuba;
60 to 315 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 24, page 83.
ETHUSA LATA Rathbun
Figure 19; Puate 24, Figure 1; PLate 25, Ficure 1; Puate 28, Figure 3
Ethusa lata RatHBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 258, 1893 (type locality,
Gulf of California, 33 fathoms; type, U.S.N.M. no. 17483); vol. 21, p. 615,
1898.
Aethusa pubescens Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 24, p. 160, 1893 (type
locality, off Panama, 100 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.).
Aethusa lata Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 35, pl. 6, fig. 1, la, Ib,
1895.
Diagnosis.—Eyestalks very short, much stouter than cornea.
Dactyli of first and second ambulatories vertically compressed.
Appendages of second abdominal segment of male slender and
longer than those of first segment.
Description —Carapace broader than long, densely pubescent;
frontal margin ciliated; cervical and cardiac sutures well marked;
FIGURE 19.—Ethusa lata, female: Antennal and oral region, slightly enlarged. After Faxon.
the narrow urogastric region much depressed. Of the frontal teeth
the submedian are more widely and deeply separated from each other
than from the lateral. The type of A. pubescens, the largest specimen
known, is an exception, the median sinus slightly shallower than the
lateral. Anterolateral tooth nearly as advanced as front. Eyes
very short and stout; cornea circular, directed downward. ‘The
larger (right) cheliped of the male has a subglobular carpus produced
inwardly in a rounded lobe; chela oval, convex above and below;
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA R5
palm longer than fingers, immovable finger triangular, prehensile
edge concave; on both fingers finely crenulate, tips overlapping.
Chela of minor palm convex above, concave below; fingers carinate,
inner edges denticulate, longer than upper margin of palm. Dactyls
of first and second ambulatories flattened above, as long as meri.
Sternum coarsely granulate. Male abdomen narrow; coalesced
segments (3-5) gradually narrowing; sixth segment nearly square,
outer margins curved slightly inward; telson triangular, length and
breadth subequal, sides arcuate.
Measurements. —Female, type of pubescens, total length 26, breadth
29 mm. Male (22150), length 13, breadth 14 mm.
Range.—Lower California, Mexico, to Ecuador; 2 to 100 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 25, page 86.
ETHUSA TRUNCATA A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier
PuatEe 28, Ficurss 1, 2
Ethusa truncata A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris,
vol. 5, p. 384, 1899 [type locality, Gulf of Mexico (not Antilles), 118-119
fathoms; cotypes in Paris Mus. and M. C. Z.]; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27, p. 69, pl. 13, figs. 5-8, 1902.
Dragnosis.—Eyestalks short and stout, less pigmented above than
below. Sinuses of front shallow. Dactyli of first and second ambu-
latories vertically compressed and unusually long, exceeding their
respective meri.
Description.—Carapace longer than wide, slightly but regularly
convex from side to side. Cardiac area pitcher-shaped, well de-
limited except in front, where it is continuous with the urogastric
lobe; behind it there is a small, very prominent, and completely
isolated lobe. Mesogastric lobe a plainly marked elevation continued
almost to the frontal sinus; behind, in the wide part the limits are
indistinct, also the anterior limit of the metagastric lobes which, as
customary, are fused with it. The branchial suture is scarcely
apparent on the dorsum, the cervical suture is much more visible,
especially near the gastric area. Front rather narrow, median sinus
very shallow which gives it a truncate aspect. The spiniform teeth
which delimit this sinus are little prominent, somewhat less so than the
spines at the external angle of the frontal border; these spines are
attached by a straight border to the curve of the upper orbital sinus.
They are a little larger than the outer orbital spine, which is not
prominent. The next to the last article of the antennal peduncle
does not attain the extremity of the spine and the last article sur-
passes it but little. A velvet formed of scattered hairs is always
more or less on the carapace. Eyestalks stout, short, surpassing
outer orbital spine; their black cornea covers only a part of the upper
face but extends all over the lower face. Antennal flagella bare, not
reaching end of chelae.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
86
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 87
Chelipeds bare, carpus short, chela very long, especially the fingers;
these are bent inward toward the base in relation to the palm; they
are wider than the palm, gaping a little at base and finely denticulate.
The first two pairs of ambulatories are sparsely pubescent at various
points, especially on the margins and on the outer surface of the
dactyl; this last is longer than the preceding article, compressed
vertically and finely acuminate; its inner face is slightly convex
and armed with a line of short bristles; its outer face is much more
hairy and presents some traces of two longitudinal prominences.
The propodus does not narrow sensibly in its distal part and presents
a very slight curvature. The last two pairs of feet are a little more
pubescent than the others. Abdomen of male characterized by its
narrowness and the strong dorsal convexity of all of its articles, above
all those of the median part. The segments are all independent, the
sixth shorter than the preceding and much shorter than the telson.
(After Milne Edwards and Bouvier.)
Measurements.—Male (Blake station 49), length of carapace 4.7,
width 3.8 mm.
Range.—Gulf of Mexico to Trinidad, British West Indies.
Records.—As follows:
Florida: West of Charlotte Harbor; lat. 26°31’00’’ N., long.
85°53’00’"W.; 119 fathoms; 1877-78; station 50, Blake; 1 male,
cotype (M. C. Z. no. 6657).
Louisiana: Off Delta of Mississippi; lat. 28°51’30’’ N., long.
89°01’30’" W., 118 fathoms; 1877-78; station 49, Blake; 1 male,
cotype (Paris Mus.). Not examined by the author.
Venezuela: Northwest of Trinidad; lat. 11°07’00’’ N., long. 62°
14’30’’ W.; 73 fathoms; bu. M.; January 30, 1884; station 2120,
Albatross; 1 young male, soft shell (18455); specimen in bad condition.
ETHUSA TENUIPES Rathbun
PLATE 24, Figure 3; Puats 25, Figure 3
Ethusa tenuipes Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, p. 110, 1897
(type locality, off Key West, 50 fathoms; type, U. S. N. M. no. 19855); Bull.
Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 293, 1898.
Diagnosis.—Eyestalks short, the first article of the antenna reach-
ing the cornea. Dactyli of first and second ambulatories not com-
pressed. Appendages of second abdominal segment very slender and
much longer than those of first segment.
Description.—Closely allied to E. microphthalma but much smaller;
shape of carapace and outline of front similar; cardiac region more
elevated and surrounded by a deeper groove. Abdomen of male
narrow; penultimate segment slightly narrower at distal than at
proximal end. The appendages of the first segment have a lanceolate,
foliaceous extremity and sheath the appendages of the second
88 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
segment, which extend far beyond those of the first and have slender,
converging tips. Right chela of male swollen, upper and lower
margins convex. Dactyli of first and second ambulatories as long
as the merus, not compressed but with four sides of subequal width,
each with a carina.
Measurements.—Male holotype (19855), total length of carapace 6,
width 5.5 mm; ovigerous female (66815), total length of carapace 11,
width 11.1 mm.
Range.—East Florida to Gulf of Mexico; 25 to 118 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 26, page 90.
ETHUSA CILIATIFRONS Faxon
Ficure 20; Puate 24, Figure 2; PuatEe 25, Ficure 2; PuatEe 28, Fiaure 4
Aethusa ciliatifrons Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 24, p. 159, 1893 (type
locality, Bay of Panama, 153 fathoms; type, U.S. N. M. no. 20630);
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 3, 8a, 3b, 1895.
Diagnosis.— Cardiac separated from gastric region by the meeting
of the branchial regions on the median line. Both chelipeds of male
slender. Eyestalks very short. Appendages of second abdominal
segment slender and no longer than those of first segment.
Description.—Carapace broader than long, branchial regions much
inflated; surface granulated on branchial and cardiac regions, pubes-
a b
FIGURE 20.—Ethusa ciliatifrons, male: a, Anterior part from below; 6, abdomen. Slightly enlarged.
After Faxon.
cent on gastric region; front and anterior part of lateral border orna-
mented with long up-turned cilia. Front between the orbits divided
by a triangular median sinus and two slightly shallower lateral sinuses
into four triangular teeth of equal length. Orbital sinuses very deep,
the external orbital angles reach as far forward as the frontal teeth.
Dorsal surface of carapace deeply areolated; the branchio-cardiac
lines are deeply impressed and meet in the median line in front of the
heart, cutting off the depressed cardiac area from the gastric. Gastric
region uneven with pits and furrows. Eyes small, on very short
peduncles, just reaching, when extended, to the posterior angles of
the orbital sinuses; the eye is terminal, not wider than the peduncles,
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 89
and black in color. Chelipeds equal, small, slender; chela smooth,
not more robust than carpus; fingers longer than palm, laterally
compressed, curved inward, longitudinally grooved, their prehensile
edges straight and regularly denticulated. The two ambulatories are
very long, the second considerably longer than the first, naked and
granulated; propodus a little shorter than merus, slightly com-
pressed, with a longitudinal groove on each side; dactylus one half
longer than propodus, vertically compressed, slightly curved, longi-
tudinally grooved and ribbed, upper edge very sharp. Last two
limbs of about equal length, not reaching beyond the distal end of
the merus of the second ambulatory, pubescent, except the nail at
tip of dactylus; propodus much shorter than merus and not much
longer than carpus; dactyli very short and strongly curved. Sternum
rather coarsely granulate.
Color—Conspicuous red transverse bands on chelipeds and first
two pairs of ambulatories; two bands on merus, one on carpus, one
on propodus, and one on dactylus.
Measurements —Male, cotype (M. C. Z. no. 4498), length of
carapace 26.5, breadth 29.5 mm.
Range.—Bay of Panama, 127 to 259 fathoms.
Material excamined.—See table 27, p. 90.
Genus ETHUSINA Smith
Ethusina Smiru, Rept. U. 8S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 1882, p. 349 (5), 1484
(type, EH. abyssicola Smith).
Nearly allied to Ethusa, from which it differs in the form of the
front and the structure of the eyes. The front between the eyes is
quadridentate as in Ethusa, but the basal segments of the antennules
are very large and swollen, and occupy the whole width of the front
and crowd back the eyes and antennae into an almost transverse
position nearly beneath the outer orbital angles, which are reduced
to small lateral teeth far back from the front. Eyestalks very small
and immovably embedded in the orbits, which closely surround
them to near the tips, except for a narrow space beneath. Only six
branchiae on each side.
Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Deep water.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ETHUSINA
A’. Front with four teeth or spines.
B!. Outer orbital tooth directed outward, not overreaching eye.
abyssicola (p. 91)
B?. Outer orbital spine directed forward and overreaching eye.
Cl, Outer orbital spine longitudinal, not reaching the line of
theifrontallisinuses=#= SS. see Se Ss smithiana (p. 92)
C?. Outer orbital spine oblique, reaching beyond the line of
the*irontalisinuses: £8. 5. oe eS gracilipes (p. 94)
A’. Front sinuate at middle and with a short outer spine. Cara-
pace twice as wide as fronto-orbital distance_____________ faxonii (p. 93)
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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XYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA QO]
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF ETHUSINA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PACIFIC
abyssicola. smithiana.
ETHUSINA ABYSSICOLA Smith
Ficgure 21; Puate 26, Figure 1; PuatE 27, Figure 1
Ethusina abyssicola SmitrH, Rept. U. 8. Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 1882,
p. 349 [5], pl. 2, fig. 1, la, 1884 (type locality, off Nantucket Shoals, 1,731
fathoms; types U.S.N.M. no. 7119, and in P.M.Y.U.); ibid., for 1885,
p. 635 [31], 1886—Bovvisr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9 (1896-
1897), p. 66 [13], 1898; Résultats de campagnes scientifiques . . . Monaco,
vol. 62, p. 53, pl. 2, fig. 1 (col.), 1922—A. Minne Epwarps and. Bovvirr,
Crustacés décapodes provenant des campagnes du yacht Il Hirondelle
(supplement) et de la Princesse-Alice, fase. 13, p. 18, 1899; Expéditions-
scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, 1880-1883, pt. 1, Crustacés,
Décapodes, p. 29, pl. 1, fig. 6 (col.), 1900.
Ethusa (Hthusina) abyssicola DorLEIn, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsch-
en Tiefsee-Expedition . . . Valdivia, 1898-1899, vol. 6, p. 31, pl. 13, figs. 1,
2, 1904.
Ethusina abyssicola typica Iuun, Zool. Anz., vol. 46, p. 360, 1916; Die Decapoda
Brachyura der Szboga-Expedition, monogr. 39b!, p. 147, 1916.
Diagnosis —Outer orbital tooth directed outward, not overreach-
ing eye. Dactyl of second ambulatory sensibly longer than that of
first.
.
FIGURE 21.—Ethusina abyssicola, male: a, Dorsal view, natural size; b, front and oral region, X2. After
Smith.
Description—Male. Carapace at branchial regions as broad as
the length to middle of front, but much narrowed anteriorly, the
breadth of front being about three-eighths of length. Submedian
teeth of front triangular, slightly upturned and separated by a tri-
angular sinus broader and deeper than the rounded antennular
sinuses, while the lateral teeth are spiniform and longer than the
middle teeth but more strongly upturned, so that they scarcely pro-
ject in front of them. Surface of carapace pubescent, granulate,
and areolated similar to Ethusa microphthalma, the cardiac region
being broadly open in front. Eyestalks stout, reaching very slightly
beyond the minute postorbital teeth, and bearing at the tips black
eyes much smaller than the diameter of the stalks.
80232—37——_7
92 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Chelipeds nearly equal, smooth, naked, unarmed, and much less
than twice the length of carapace; merus about one-third the entire
length, slender and somewhat 3-sided, but without angles; carpus
short and rounded above; propodus nearly one-third as broad as
long, basal portion somewhat swollen and about as long as the digits,
which are compressed, longitudinally grooved, prehensile edges
undulate. First and second ambulatories nearly alike, second the
longer, about twice the length of chelipeds, slender, smooth and
nearly naked. Dactyli much longer than propodi, compressed,
regularly curved, of nearly uniform breadth to the short, acute tip
and longitudinally grooved. Third and fourth pairs of legs very
slender, pubescent.
The abdomen is broadest at base of third normal segment which
has a smooth rounded tubercle on either side; third to fifth segments
fused; penult segment about one-half broader than long, terminal
segment nearly as long as the preceding, broader than long, rounded
at tip. Appendage of first segment stout and pubescent near ex-
tremity, which is obliquely truncate; it sheathes the appendage of
second segment which is much longer, the exposed terminal portion
being thin, linear, and acuminate.
Female. Compared to male, carapace broader, thicker, much
more convex; front narrower and armed with much smaller teeth;
chelipeds smaller, chelae more slender.
Color —Carapace bluish with a slight violet tint. Feet and
abdomen yellowish white; fingers and ambulatory dactyls rose
color. (Milne Edwards and Bouvier.)
Measurements—Male (7119), length to tip of submedian spine 15,
width 13.2 mm.
Range-—Off southern New England to Gulf of Mexico; Brazil;
eastern Atlantic Ocean; 671 to 2,220 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 28, p. 95.
ETHUSINA SMITHIANA Faxon
Ficure 22; Puate 26, Ficure 2; Puate 27, FIGURE 2
Aethusina smithiana Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 24, p. 160, 1893
(type locality, off Panama, 134 and 899 fathoms; types, U.S.N.M. no. 20631
and M. C. Z. no. 4503); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 37, pl. 6, figs.
2, 2a, 1895.
Diagnosis.—Outer orbital spine directed forward, overreaching the
eye. Dactyls of first and second ambulatories subequal.
Description —Carapace longer than broad, not much narrowed
anteriorly. Front 4-toothed, middle pair of teeth large, triangular,
separated from one another by a wide triangular sinus which is
broader than the antennular sinus; between these teeth the margin
is bent down till it meets the epistome below; lateral teeth of front
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 93
spiniform and shorter than middle teeth. Surface of carapace
clothed with a short pubescence and lightly granulous; branchio-
cardiac grooves well marked. Postocular teeth spiniform, projecting
far beyond extremity of the small eyestalks. Eyes smaller than the
extremity of their peduncles. Chelipeds equal, smooth, naked,
unarmed; merus cylindrical, carpus short and rounded; fingers about
equal in length to body of chela, compressed, prehensile edges sharp
and not provided with distinct teeth or tubercles. Ambulatory legs
nearly naked, second pair more than twice the length of carapace,
FIGURE 22.—Ethusina smithiana: a, Dorsal view, enlarged; b, maleabdomen. After Faxon.
the dactylus longer than propodus. The last two pairs of legs
terminate in short recurved claws which are setose on posterior edges.
(Faxon.)
Measurements —Male type (20631), length of carapace 9.3, breadth
8 mm.
Range.—Pacific side of Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia.
Material examined. —As follows:
Off Costa Rica: Lat. 5° 36” 40’’ N., long. 86° 56’ 50°’ W.; 134
fathoms; R. Sh.; 54.8° F.; February 28, 1891; station 3370, Albatross;
3 female paratypes (M. C. Z. no. 4503).
Off Colombia: Southeast of Malpelo Island; lat. 4°03’00’’ N.,
long. 81°31’00’’ W.; 899 fathoms; R.; 37.2° F.; March 5, 1891;
station 3380, Albatross; 1 male, 1 immature female (20631.)
ETHUSINA FAXONITI Rathbun
PuaTE 26, FIGURE 3; PLATE 27, FIGURE 3
Ethusina challengeri? Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 36, 1895; not
Ethusa (Ethusina) challengeri Miers, Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger, Brach-
yura, vol. 17, p. 331, pl. 28, fig. 2-2c, 1886.
Ethusina fazonii RaTuBuN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 185, 1933
(type locality, west of Mexico, 2,232 fathoms; M. C. Z. no. 4502).
Diagnosis.—Carapace as broad as long. Palm with upper and
lower margins subparallel. Fingers slightly wavy on inner margin.
Description.—Carapace very convex longitudinally and_ trans-
versely. Frontal teeth shallow, middle pair broad, obtuse, separated
by a broad V-shaped sinus, slightly rounded at base; outer pair of
teeth small, triangular, shorter than median teeth. Exorbital tooth
Q4 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
minute. Chelae slenderer than in challengeri, lower margin concave
until near proximal end of manus; manus of nearly equal width
throughout. fingers longer than in the related species. Third and
fourth ambulatories slenderer than in chaliengeri. Abdomen of
female broader in distal half than in that species, inner distal angle
of ischium of outer maxillipeds more salient and merus more pear-
shaped.
Measurements—Female type, length and breadth of carapace
12.5 mm.
Range.—Off west coast of Mexico.
Material examined.—South of Gulf of Tehuantepec; lat. 10°14’00’’
N.j-long= 96°28/00’’ W.; 2,232 fathoms; ony M.; 35.8° F.: April 3;
1891; station 3414, Albatross; 1 female (M. C. Z. no. 4502).
ETHUSINA GRACILIPES (Miers)
- PuLaTteE 30, Figure 4; Puatse 31, Ficure 4
Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes Miprs, Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Brachyura,
vol. 17, p. 332, pl. 29, fig. 1 [not pl. 28, fig. 3], 1886 (type locality, near the
Philippines, 700 fathoms; type in British Mus.) —Atucocx, An account of
the deep-sea Brachyura collected by the Royal Indian Museum Survey
Ship Investigator, p. 34, 1899.
Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes var. robusta Mrmrs, ibid., p. 333, pl. 29, fig. 2 (type
locality, Banda Sea, 1,425 fathoms; type in British Mus.).
Aethusina gracilipes Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 36, 1895.
Ethusina gracilipes RatHswun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1903, vol. 23, pt. 3,
p. 891, 1906.
Diagnosis.—Outer orbital spine oblique, much longer than frontal
spines and sometimes overreaching them. Basal article of antennules
bearing a small distal spine or tubercle.
Description.—Carapace finely and closely granulated, longer than
broad, narrowed anteriorly; cervical and cardiaco-branchial sutures
distinctly defined; front armed with four spines, the two median
separated by a somewhat wider and deeper interspace than that be-
tween the median and the outer spine; outer orbital spine strongly
developed; orbits incompletely defined. Eyestalks stout, tapering
to a small cornea. Bases of antennules considerably dilated and
usually bearing a small distal spine or tubercle. Basal article of
antennae short, slender, not nearly reaching front; flagellum elon-
gated, reaching when retracted to posterior margin of carapace.
Chelipeds with merus subcylindrical, carpus very short, palm but
little longer than carpus, slightly compressed and shorter than the
fingers, which are grooved and meet along the slightly siuous edges;
tips crossing. The compressed dactyli of the first and second ambula-
tories are deeply grooved, the second longer than the first and both
longer than their respective meri.
95
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
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06 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Remarks.— Faxon says of the American specimens that in most of
them the spine at the external angle of the carapace is long as in
Miers’ typical form, but is bent outward at a sharper angle, as in
his var. robusta. The outer spine of front is longer in proportion to
inner spine and the carapace rather narrower. Legs shorter, while
the chela is midway in form between typical gracilipes and var.
robusta.
Color.—Carapace and limbs covered with an extremely short
brownish or whitish pubescence.
Range.—Pacific coast of Central America; Hawaiian Islands;
western Pacific and Indian Oceans, 257 to 1,823 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 29, page 97.
Genus CYMONOMUS A. Milne Edwards
Cymonomus A. MitnE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 26, 1880
(type, C. quadratus A. Milne Edwards).—A. Mine Epwarps and Bouvier,
Crustacés décapodes provenant des campagnes du yacht 1’ Hirondelle, fase.
7, p. 57, 1894; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 80, 1902.—BovvirR,
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9, p. 59, 1898.—LANKESTER, Quart.
Journ. Micr. Soc., new ser., vol. 47, pp. 439, 453, 1903.—Intz, Die Decapoda
Brachyura der Siboga—Expedition, monogr. 39b!, p. 118, 1916.
Carapace squarish, not concealing the anterior segments of the
abdomen. Regions faintly defined except cardiac and postgastric,
which are very distinct. The front forms a rostrum and the orbito-
antennal border is prominent beyond the anterolateral angles of the
carapace; apart from this there is no indication of orbits or antennular
fossae. Eyestalks either fixed or with their mobility diminished;
eyes unpigmented and vestigial. Antennules large, unconcealed;
antennal peduncle not hidden and its renal tubercle particularly
prominent. Buccal cavern large and square, its roof high and not
well differentiated from the receding epistome. The external max-
illipeds almost cover the buccal cavern ventrally, extending beyond
base of antennal peduncle; merus produced far beyond carpal articula-
tion so that it is not much shorter than the ischium; flagellum large,
coarse and completely exposed. No afferent branchial fissure.
Chelipeds equal, much shorter, and in male stouter than the crawling
legs. First and second pair of true legs very long, especially the
dactylus, and are somewhat compressed; third and fourth pair short,
dactyli clawlike; not chelate. All segments of abdomen distinct.
(After Alcock.)
Caribbean region; eastern North Atlantic; Indian and western
Pacific Oceans.
97
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98 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CYMONOMUS QUADRATUS A. Milne Edwards
FicurE 23; Puate 30, Figure 3; Puate 31, Ficure 3
Cymonomus quadratus A. MiLtNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8,
p. 26, 1880 (type localities, from Havana to Grenada, 175-508 fathoms;
cotypes in M. C. Z.).—Bovuvirr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9,
p. 66 [13], 1898—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 27, p. 81, pl. 16, 1902—LanxkEstTER, Quart. Journ. Micr. Soc.,
new ser., vol. 47, pp. 448, 453, fig. 10 (upper), 1903.
Diagnosis—Carapace squarish, rostrum linear, eyestalks long,
without cornea. Merus of outer maxilliped elongate, the palp
attached at middle of inner margin.
FIGURE 23.—Cymonomus quadratus, male (68094): Outline of carapace, x 3.
Description.—Surface finely granulate. Anterolateral borders of
carapace almost on the same transverse line as the facial region, which
is very narrow. Rostrum slender and pointed, shorter than eyestalks;
the latter are partially movable and denticulate on inner border;
they do not reach the tip of the antepenult article of antennal pedun-
cle. Antennules stout, the peduncle about two-thirds as long as
carapace. Antennae shorter and slenderer; the peduncle does not
reach beyond the penult article of the antennules; subantennal tooth
visible in dorsal view. Anterolateral margins armed with some small
spines, posterolateral unarmed and parallel; posterior margin broad.
Chelipeds short, granulate; two spinules on inner margin of carpus;
fingers as long as palm. Ambulatory legs of first two pairs smooth.
Measurements —Female (6921), length of carapace to tip of rostrum
7.2, width 6.9 mm.
Range.—Gulf of Mexico to Lesser Antilles; 101 to 508 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 30, page 97.
Genus CYMOPOLUS A. Milne Edwards
Cymopolus A. MitNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 27, 1880
(type, C. asper A. Milne Edwards).—Bovuvisr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
ser. 8, vol. 9, p. 66 [13], 1898.—A. Mitng Epwarps and Bovuvinr, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 74, 1902.
Near Cymonomus; differs in its eyes normally developed, merus of
outer maxilliped not overreaching palp, antennules smaller and
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMHRICA 99
susceptible of being folded under the front and by the shorter and
stronger feet.
Gulf of Mexico to Leeward Islands; 70 to 300 fathoms.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CYMOPOLUS
Al. Sides of carapace nearly parallel. Cornea black____-_------- asper (p. 99)
A?, Carapace widest in front of middle. Cornea light brown__ agassizii (p. 100)
CYMOPOLUS ASPER A. Milne Edwards
PLaTE 29, Fragures 5-8
Cymopolus asper A. Mitnr Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 27
(part), 1880 (type locality, Montserrat, 148 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.).—
Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9, p. 66 [13] (part), 1898.—
A. MILNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 74,
pl. 14, figs. 1-6, pl. 15, fig. 7, 1902 (not all synonymy).
Diagnosis.—Sides of carapace nearly parallel. Cornea black.
Merus of outer maxillipeds subquadrilateral, inner margin twice as
long as outer.
Description.—Carapace thick, sides nearly parallel, surface covered
with numerous spines of different sizes and very often bent in a hook
at the end. Branchial suture very narrow, cervical suture wider,
continued on the sides. Cardiac area in the form of a vase, the neck
joining the gastric pentagon, which includes the meso-, meta-, and
urogastric lobes; this pentagon has convex borders toward the median
line; it is very prominent in the wide part and gradually narrows to a
point; it is covered with spines of medium size and dominated on
either side by three conical prominences, two of which are epigastric
and the third anteriobranchial. These prominences are covered
with long and strong crowded spines; there are similar ones on outer
part of epigastric lobe, at antero-external angle of carapace, and a
little within this last one, that corresponds to a hepatic lobe. This
last belongs on the inclined part where the carapace is directed
vertically downward to form the pterygostomian region. These
regions, as well as the flanks and almost the whole of the branchial
area, are armed with stronger spines than those on the cardiac region
and the gastric pentagon. There are especially strong spines on the
pterygostomian region outside the anterior border of the endostome.
Some sparse hairs among the carapace spines. Rostrum triangular,
concave above, strongly deflexed; behind the eyes the margins show
on each side a strong conical prominence of large spines; in front a
series of six or seven strong, arcuate, marginal spines on each margin
besides the terminal spine. Below, the rostrum is convex and pre-
sents the form of a roof with two sides, the edge of which has two
strong spines directed backward; these spines conceal the point
where the rostrum is attached to the epistomian region.
100 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Ocular peduncles short, stout at base, gradually narrowing to the
black cornea; surface partly granulous, some spines on the summit.
The antennules can fold wholly under the front; when so placed their
second article is inside the eyes, parallel to frontal border, concealing
the last peduncular article which is folded below it. Basal article in
form of a rectangle rounded behind; armed inferiorly with numerous
spinules, especially forward; it is almost in contact, on median line,
with the corresponding article of the opposing antennule. First
article of antennae entirely smooth, appearing to be a prominence of
the epistome; next article elongate-quadrangular and a little bent;
it has a strong spine at antero-external angle and on its lower surface
a number of spinules; flagellum scarcely longer than second article;
it is composed of three or four articles, the last furnished with two
hairs longer than the whole flagellum. Ambulatory legs 1 and 2
covered with many strong spinules; at their base sometimes 3 or 4
arranged in a group. (After Milne Edwards and Bouvier).
Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace (rostrum incom-
plete) 8.5, width 6.5 mm.
Range.—Leeward Islands.
Material examined.—Off Montserrat; 148 fathoms; stony; station
158; Blake, 1878-79; 1 male holotype (M. C. Z. no. 6684).
CYMOPOLUS AGASSIZII A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier
PuaTE 30, FigurRE 2; PLATE 31, FIGURE 2
Cymopolus asper A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 27, 1880
(part).—RatTuHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 293,
1898.
Cymopolus agassizii [agassirii] A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 5, p. 385, 1899 (type locality, Sand Key, 75 fathoms;
type, male, M. C. Z. no. 6683).
Cymopolus agassizi A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvirr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27, p. 78, pl. 14, figs. 7-9 5; pl. 15, figs. 1-6, 1902.
Diagnosis—Carapace widest in front of middle. Cornea light
brown. Merus of outer maxillipeds suboval, outer margin arcuate,
longer than inner.
Description.—Carapace widest at the middle, sutures very distinct;
gastric pentagon reaching to a point on the basal half of the rostrum;
cardiac region wide, prolonged on the posterior branchial areas. On
the dorsal face of the carapace, most of the projections resemble
large granules, but three or four are stronger and form conical promi-
nences on each epigastric lobe; others become equally long and strong
on the anterior lobe of the branchial area, and form there some obtuse
spines or one or two more conical protuberances. The deflexed sides
of the carapace are rough with obtuse and arcuate spines up to the
18 The caption on pl. 14, “‘Cymopolus asper Agassizii’’, is a blunder.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMBRICA 101
anterolateral angle; these spines have a tendency to form fingerlike
groups. Rostrum deflexed at base and elevated a little toward
extremity; inferior spines short; the two basal prominences above
consist of a strong obtuse spine accompanied by some smaller ones;
behind the rostrum, a transverse depression of carapace.
Ocular peduncles longer than in C. asper, and with spines reduced;
corneal surface small with light brown pigment.'® Antennules barely
concealed under rostrum; flagellum of antennae composed of five
articles. Epistome shorter than in C. asper, terminated behind by a
vertical palate, the median part of which forms a regular curve and
has only a slight elevation. Feet garnished with obtuse spines of all
sizes. Chelipeds strong and equal; chelae convex on both faces;
fingers bent inward and downward from their base, granulate and
with a narrow hiatus. Merus, carpus, and propodus of first two
ambulatories stout; dactyl bent slightly inward and somewhat longer
than propodus; the largest spines have a tendency to dispose in longi-
tudinal lines on merus. The last two pairs of legs barely reach base
of carpus of the preceding, and have a strongly falciform digit.
Terminal article of male abdomen reduced, its lateral borders slightly
convex inward.
Measurements.—Male (18684), length of carapace 8, width 7 mm.
Female (18684), length 9, width 7.2 mm.
Range.—Florida Keys to Puerto Rico; 70 to 300 fathoms.
Material exramined.—See table 31, page 102.
Genus CORYCODUS A. Milne Edwards
Corycodus A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 23, 1880 (type,
C. bullatus A. Milne Edwards).—Atucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65,
p. 274, 1896.—A. Minune Epwarps and Bouvizr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27, p. 86, 1902.—_I utr, Die Decapoda Brachyura der Siboga-Expedition,
monogr. 39b!, p. 124, 1916.
Nasinatalis Srespine, Ann. South Afr. Mus., vol. 6, p. 340, 1910 (type N. dis-
junctipes Stebbing).
Carapace subpentagonal, extraordinarily swollen and thick espe-
cially in front where the facial region represents the anterior angle of
a pentagon. A considerable space between insertion of cheliped and
that of the first ambulatory. The body seems truncate behind by
reason of the very backward position occupied by the abdomen of
female, which covers only the last three segments of the sternum.
Antennules much reduced, completely retractile in orbital cavity
where they are protected by the valvular peduncle of the antennae.
Exognath short, surpasses a little the end of ischium of endognath;
the first and second maxillipeds have short palps on the exopodite.
West Indies; South Africa; Sulu Sea.
16 The type specimen has lost its pigment.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 103
CORYCODUS BULLATUS A. Milne Edwards
PuLatE 29, Ficures 1-4; Pirate 30, Ficure 1; Puate 31, Ficure 1
Corycodus bullatus A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 23,
1880 (type locality, off Morro lighthouse, 175-250 fathoms; whereabouts of
type unknown.).—A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvirr, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 27, p. 86, pl. 17, 1902.
Diagnosis.—Carapace pentagonal, anterolateral border longer than
posterolateral. A long distance between base of cheliped and of
first ambulatory.
Description.—Carapace covered with tubercles flattened at tip,
which tend to disappear on the median line and the rear, but are
very prominent along the anterior borders. Regions scarcely marked
except the cardiac region, which is small but limited by deep furrows,
very divergent behind, closer in front. Anterolateral longer than
posterolateral borders. rent very deflexed, its point bent between
the eyes to join the epistome. Eyes small. Lower part of carapace,
sternal plastron, and ambulatory legs covered with small tubercles
like those on dorsal face. A strong prominence tipped with a spine
on median line at base of external maxillipeds. A row of three
similar spines on basis and ischium of mawxillipeds. A median promi-
nence at base of cheliped. Subhepatic region excavate.
Merus of cheliped stout, subcylindrical, reaching to extreme line of
lateral border. Merus of first ambulatory slender. Fourth leg very
slender, not over half as long as carapace; merus longest, carpus very
reduced, propodus straight, considerably longer than the curved
dactylus.
Measurements —Female (18061), median length of carapace 5,
width 9, thickness at base of maxillipeds 4.6 mm.
Range.—Off Habana, Cuba.
Material examined —Off Habana; lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N., long. 82°
20’ 21’ W.; 201 fathoms; Co.; January 19, 1885; station 2342,
Albatross; 1 female (18061).
Type locality —Oft Morro lighthouse; 175-250 fathoms; 1878-79;
station 101, Blake; 1 female (Paris Mus.).
>
Genus CYCLODORIPPE A. Milne Edwards
Cyclodorippe A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 24, 1880
(part) —A. MILtNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
27, p. 94, 1902 (type, C. agassiziti A. Milne Edwards).
Carapace narrow in front and behind, lateral borders regularly
rounded, greatest width near the middle. Eyes very short and
closely placed in the orbit, the edge of which is not fissured. Anten-
nules very long and when folded cannot fit into the antennular cavity;
antennal peduncles very narrow, flagella many-jointed. Buccal
cavity prolonged in a canal which attains the level of the front and
is divided almost to the extremity by the outer maxillipeds, the merus
104 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
of which is very elongate. Abdomen of male very small, composed
of five segments, fitted into a deep opening in the sternum and not
encroaching on the second sternal segment. Abdomen of female
6-segmented and wide with parallel borders; its last segment very
large and advanced to the base of the chelipeds. JLegs long and
narrow; the genital orifices of the female are sunken in the basal
article of the third pair of legs.
Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, and Indo-Pacific region; in deep
water.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CYCLODORIPPE
Al, Carapace with two low median tubercles. Three elongate
gastric. elevations. 60 222. tn de ec tee ee antennaria (p. 104)
A?. Carapace with two median spines.
B!, Median spines conical. A stouter spine on protogastric
NORIO yes oe eee ere eee agassizii (p. 105)
B?2. Median spines cylindrical. No spine on_ protogastric
Tegion= TAL oe ee PE ee ee ee bouvieri (p. 106)
CYCLODORIPPE ANTENNARIA A. Milne Edwards
Figure 24; PLATE 32, Fiaures 1, 2
Cyclodorippe antennaria A. MiLtNE Epwarbs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8,
p. 25, 1880 (type localities 20, ranging from Habana to Barbados, 88 to 287
fathoms).—BovvieEr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9, p. 66 [13], 1898.—
RaTuBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 293, 1898.—A.
Miune Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 99,
pl. 19, fig. 8, pl. 20, figs. 4-12, 1902. :
Diagnosis —Three low longitudinal prominences on gastric region,
one median, the others lateral. Two low median tubercles, one
gastric, one cardiac. Frontal border rounded, continuing in a regu-
lar curve with upper border of orbit. Upper margin of orbit
transverse.
Description.—Carapace subcircular, narrow behind, covered with
prominent, subequal granules. Furrows well marked; cardiac area
FIGURE 24.—Cyclodorippe antennaria, male (68294): Outline of carapace, X 4.
prominent, well defined behind and on the sides, merging with the
posterior branchial area; in front it is completely fused with the
urogastric lobe. Front advanced much beyond orbital angles, de-
pressed on the median line, its border very finely serrulate. Post-
orbital angle spiniform; a small branchial spine just within the
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 105
lateral margin and slightly in advance of the widest part of the cara-
pace. Ocular peduncles short and wide; the cornea occupies at least
two-thirds of total length. The antennules are very long and slender
and cannot entirely fold up under the front. The roof of the orbit
is little advanced. Merus of outer maxilliped wider and more
rounded in front than in agassizii.
Chelipeds of male short, granulous; arm scarcely projects beyond
carapace; fingers very high, sharp edged, very finely denticulate and
equal in length to palm. Ambulatory legs finely granulous, the first
two pairs long and slightly compressed in their terminal part, the
first pair with a fringe of long hair on the upper face of the three
distal articles. Legs of last two pairs very slender and elongate.
Measurements —Male (9498), length 5.7, width 5.8 mm. Female
(9517), length 5.5, width 5.6 mm.
Range —Gulf of Mexico; West Indies. 50 to 357 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 32, page 107.
CYCLODORIPPE AGASSIZII A. Milne Edwards
FIGURE 25; PuaTE 32, Ficurss 5, 6
Cyclodorippe agassizii A. Miune Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 25,
1880 (type locality, Cariacou, 163 fathoms; type, M. C. Z. no. 6680).—Bov-
viER, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9, p. 66 [13], 1898.
Cyclodorippe agassizi A. Mine Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27, p. 94, pl. 19, figs. 1-7, pl. 20, figs. 1-3, 1902 (part).
Diagnosis.—Four conical prominences on carapace, one cardiac,
one metagastric, two protogastric. Front triangular, having a lateral
angle. Orbit wide in dorsal view, its margin directed obliquely
backward from rostrum.
Description.—Carapace rounded on the sides, a little depressed
above, covered with fine, unequal granules rather near together.
FIGURE 25.—Cyclodorippe agassizii, male (68071): Outline of carapace, X 3.
Rostrum wide, nearly horizontal and a little excavate, and limited
in front by a denticulate border forming an obtuse angle; at the level
of the base of the ocular peduncles the two sides are directed nearly
parallel backward and at this point are more elevated than in front.
Upper border of orbit smooth and directed obliquely backward, rising
in a spiniform prominence at its outer extremity. A strong spine
above lateral border slightly in front of widest point of carapace.
Cardiac spine very large, embracing the entire region. Ocular pedun-
105 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
cles narrowed at middle; the corneal surface does not reach to the
middle of the peduncle, although it extends much farther below than
above and presents a very oblique inferior border. Basal article of
antennules dilated especially toward the base and surpassing the
rostrum; the two following articles very slender and of nearly equal
length; flagella reduced; total length of antennules nearly equal to
total len¢th of carapace. Antennae extremely small, flagella very
slender, barely reaching extremity of second article of antennular
peduncles. Outer maxillipeds remarkable for length of ischium and
exopodite, the latter dilated, ending in front at same level as the
ischium.
Chelipeds well developed; palm short, swollen outside, especially
below; fingers a little bent inward near the base and nearly twice as
long as palm. Outer face of chela armed, except on fingers, with fine
granules forming in places curved lines. Carpus short, granulous,
armed inside with a spinulous lobe, and with a right angled outer line
but no prominent tooth. Merus triangular, bordered with tubercles
or denticles. The first ambulatory nearly surpasses the chela by the
entire length of its dactyl; the second surpasses the first by a similar
length. Last two pairs of feet very slender, reaching when straight-
ened nearly to the eyes; dactyls arched, two-thirds as long as propo-
dites.
Measurements —Female (Blake station 238) total length of carapace
7.5, width 8 mm. (Milne Edwards and Bouvier.)
Range.—West Indies; 127 to 220 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 33, page 108.
CYCLODORIPPE BOUVIERI Rathbun
PLATE 32, Figures 3, 4; Puate 81, Ficurss 1, 2
) ) ? J ’
Cyclodorippe agassizi A. MILNE Epwarps and Bouvirer, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27 p. 94, 1902 (part).
Cyclodorippe bouviert RatHBuUN, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 91, no. 3, p. 1,
pl. 1, 1934.
Type locality —Northeast of Puerto Rico; 300 fathoms; Johnson-
Smithsonian expedition; 1 male holotype (67990).
Diagnosis.—Difters from C. agassizii as follows: No spine on proto-
gastric regions. Median spines tubular, higher than in agassizii;
granulation coarser on carapace and cheliped. Rostrum arcuate.
Orbit narrow in dorsal view, margin rounding, orbital spine smaller
than in the allied form. Wrist with a prominent blunt outer tooth or
spine near distal end and directed forward.
Measurements —Male holotype, length of carapace 5.2, width 5.6
mm.
Range —Off Cuba and Puerto Rico; 150 to 300 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 34, page 108.
107
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 109
Genus CLYTHROCERUS A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier
Clythrocerus A. M1tnE Epwarps and Bovvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris,
vol. 5, p. 387, 1899 [type, C. nitidus (A. Milne Edwards)]; Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 27, p. 99, 1902.—Ratusun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900,
vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 90, 1901.
Resembles Cyclodorippe in the rounded carapace, the mediocre
sternal plastron, and the complete atrophy of the exopod of the an-
terior and intermediate maxillipeds. Differs in its small antennules,
completely retractile in the orbito-antennal cavity, in the valviform
peduncle of the very short antennae and the comparative shortness of
the ambulatory legs.
East and west coasts of Middle America; Japan.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CLYTHROCERUS
A}, Only one lateral tooth or spine behind the orbital tooth.
B!. Front with two teeth.
C1, Carapace thick, smooth, and shining______.._______- nitidus (p. 109)
C2. Carapace flat, finely granulate.
D!. Carapace with an indentation either side of lateral tooth.
perpusillus (p. 111)
D2. Carapace without marginal indentations. Carpus of
male cheliped with a large inner plate__-__-_-~- laminatus (p. 115)
B?. Front with three teeth. Carapace and appendages densely
granulate. Margins of carapace spinulous- - _-_--- granulatus (p. 119)
A?. Two lateral teeth or spines behind the orbital tooth.
B!. Distance between lateral spines greater than between fore-
most tooth and orbital tooth. Frontal teeth with short
UI OS 2 ete a RN ga ag ne el nk a planus (p. 114)
B?, Distance between lateral spines less than between foremost
tooth and orbital tooth.
Cl, No spine above lateral spines. Two frontal teeth... decorus (p. 118)
C2, A spine above and between lateral spines. Three frontal
TECLN 2s wemegeie) ee A ee stimpsoni (p. 121)
CLYTHROCERUS NITIDUS (A. Milne Edwards)
Figures 26, 27; Puate 33, Ficurss 1, 2
Cyclodorippe nitida A. MiuNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 24,
1880 (type localities, Florida Keys and Grenada; cotypes in M. C. Z.).—
8. I. Smrrx, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 10, p. 7, pl. 2, figs. 1, lb, 1882.—
BovvikEr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9, p. 66 [13], 1898.— Ratusun,
Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 293, 1898.
Clythrocerus nitidus A. MitnE Epwarps and Bouvinr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27, p. 90, pl. 18, 1902.
Diagnosis —Carapace and appendages smooth and shining. Only
one lateral tooth or spine.
Description.—Carapace entirely smooth, thick, not swollen, slightly
depressed transversely behind the front. Branchio-cardiac and uro-
gastric sutures distinct. Front deeply depressed and with a broad
V-shaped median sinus; its lateral angles are at the same level as the
110 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
dorsal face of the carapace and are advanced as two rostral teeth.
Antennae short and folded under the front. A subspiniform tubercle
on each side on the front part of the branchial region. A V-shaped
notch in upper margin of orbit. Ocular peduncles with a deep rounded
FIGURE 26.—Clythrocerus nitidus, female (M. C. Z.): a, Dorsal, <3; 6, front view, X6. After Smith.
sinus above and dilated in corneal region, at the summit of which
there is a slight, pointed tubercle. Chelipeds of male very large;
arm smooth, much exceeding the carapace; carpus with a small
obtuse tooth on inner margin; palm flat above and very thick;
fingers shorter than palm, incurved, gaping in proximal half, some
FIGURE 27.—Clythrocerus nitidus, male: a, Dorsal, X2 (approx.); b, cephalic region, ventral (left maxilliped
removed), X7 (approx.). After A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.
hairs on inner surface. Ambulatory legs rounded like the chelipeds,
not flattened; smooth and ending in a dactyl slightly arcuate and
styliform. The first leg reaches the middle of the palmar portion of
cheliped and the middle of the dactyl of the following pair. The last
two legs do not surpass the distal part of the merus of the preceding.
Measurements.—Male (66848), length of carapace to tip of spine 9.5,
width 10.3 mm.
Range—South Carolina to west Florida and Grenada; 6% to 262
fathoms.
Material examined —See table 35, page 112.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA Lit
CLYTHROCERUS PERPUSILLUS Rathbun
Figure 28; PuatTe 33, Figures 3, 4
Clythrocerus perpusillus Ratasun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20,
pt. 2, p. 90, fig. 14, 1901 (type locality, off Vieques, 15 fathoms; type,
U.S.N.M. no. 23777); Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 9, p. 66,
1921.
Diagnosis ——Carapace flat, finely granulate, margins pubescent.
One lateral tooth and two indentations.
Description.—Carapace slightly broader than long, finely and closely
granulate; regions slightly marked; surface flat, the front in the same
plane; two triangular, blunt frontal teeth, separated by a sinus equal
FIGURE 28.—Clythrocerus perpusillus, female (23777): a, Dorsal view, X14 (approx.); b, extremity of
fourth leg.
to the reverse of either of the teeth; emargination of orbit a quadri-
lateral obliquely placed; preorbital angle flat, inconspicuous; post-
orbital angle a little thickened, dentiform; the eye projects beyond
line of orbit. A small, sharp spine, just before middle of lateral
margin; a notch behind the spine; halfway between the spine and the
orbital angle there is a slight indentation; lateral margins in front of
spine fringed with a short pubescence, as are also the merus and
carpus of the longer legs. Outer mavxillipeds long, the merus joints
projecting between the rostral teeth and visible in a dorsal view.
Cheliped stout and short, about 1.5 times length of carapace; wrist
with a prominent antero-external lobe; hand and movable finger
with an inner superior crest; fingers bent strongly inward; thumb
stouter than movable finger; they meet along their closing edges.
The second pair of ambulatories exceeds the first by about the
length of dactylus; both pairs slender and flat. Dactylus of last
two pairs strongly curved and about as long as the curved propodus,
against the base of which it fits.
Measurements —Female type, length of carapace 2.2, width 2.5 mm.
Range.—FPuerto Rico to Barbados.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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Material eramined.—As follows:
Puerto Rico: Off Vieques; Culebritas lighthouse NE. 4 N., 10 miles;
15 fathoms; Co.; February 8, 1899; station 6091, Fish Hawk; 1 female,
holotype (23777).
Barbados: 1 mile southwest of Pelican Island; 38 fathoms; fne.
Co. frag.; May 18, 1918; station 1, Barbados-Antigua Expedition,
State University of Iowa; 1 female, same size as type (S. U. I.).
CLYTHROCERUS PLANUS Rathbun
Figure 29; Puate 34, Fiacures 1, 2
Cyclodorippe plana Ratupun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 519, 1900.
Clythrocerus planus RatuBwun, Harriman Alaska Expedition, vol. 10, p. 168, pl. 9,
fig. 4, 1904 [type locality, southern California at Catalina Harbor (probably) ;
type, U.S.N.M. no. 14256].
Diagnosis —Carapace finely and appendages coarsely granulate.
Two lateral teeth or spines, the distance between them greater than
between the foremost tooth and the orbital tooth.
FIGURE 29.—Clythrocerus planus, male: Dorsal view, X12.
Description.—Carapace subcircular, a little broader than long;
dorsally flat, finely granulate, granules larger toward outer margin;
gastric and cardiac-intestinal regions bounded by deep grooves.
Front occupied by two triangular lobes, each tipped with a blunt
tooth, and separated from each other by a broad V-shaped sinus,
which is prolonged on the dorsal surface by a broad, shallow depres-
sion continued to gastric region; outer margin of each lobe slightly
concave. Outer orbital tooth narrow, blunt, well-marked, directed
obliquely outward. <A tooth a little in front of middle of lateral margin
is somewhat larger and directed forward and slightly outward. A
much smaller triangular tooth at about one-third the distance from
orbital to branchial tooth. Antennules hidden under carapace;
antennae moderately enlarged. Anterior end of buccal cavity and
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 115
of merus of outer maxillipeds projecting slightly in advance of median
sinus of front.
Chelipeds equal, rather short, stout, coarsely scabrous-granulate.
Merus stout, unarmed. Carpus broader than long, having a shallow,
platelike, blunt projection along its outer surface, a short blunt
tooth at inner angle. Palm about as broad as long, bearing a stout
blunt spine or tooth on outer side at articulation of carpus, and a
lower, less conspicuous tooth at articulation of fingers; two feebly
marked carinae, one connecting the two teeth, the other lower down.
Digits longer than upper margin of palm, bent down, not gaping,
pollex much stouter than dactylus, prehensile edges denticulate;
dactylus with a superior longitudinal groove, inner superior margin
subacute and continuous with that of palm. First ambulatory about
twice as long as carapace, dactylus longer than propodus; second
ambulatory exceeding the first by half the length of dactylus; third
leg half as long as second, propodus thick, horn-shaped, dactylus
equally long and curved, but slender; last leg similar, but longer and
narrower.
Color.—Carapace of some specimens speckled with small black
spots, in alcohol. Of the specimens from station 284, two (the
largest and smallest) had a brown V on the back, on a china white
ground; one was more or less pure china white.
Measurements—Male (67437), length of carapace to end of rostral
lobe 3.7, width 4mm. Female, from the same gathering, length 3.5,
width 4 mm.
Range.-—Southern California; Mexico; shallow water to 40
fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 36, page 116.
CLYTHROCERUS LAMINATUS Rathbun
PuaTE 80, Fiaurzs 1-4
Clythrocerus laminatus RaTHBUN, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, p. 2;
1935 (type locality, Wenman Island, Galapagos Islands, 100-150 fathoms,
male holotype, U.S.N.M. no. 69221).
PDiagnosis.—Carapace wider than long. One lateral spine. Wrist
of male with a large square plate on inner edge.
Description.—Carapace a little broader than long, measured on
median line. A median furrow on frontal surface; two longitudinal
furrows on gastric region and one on either side of cardiac region; a
transverse furrow curved forward behind each orbit. Surface mi-
nutely granulate. Frontal teeth broad, subacute, sides slightly concave,
at the outer end terminating in a small rectangular tooth. Outer
orbital tooth bluntly rounded and pointing almost directly forward.
Lateral marginal tooth a little in front of widest part of carapace;
tooth acute, outer margin more than twice as long as inner margin,
which is nearly transverse.
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118 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Carpus of cheliped much broader than long; a large, blunt, triangular
tooth on outer surface; a more prominent, rectangular plate projecting
inward from inner surface. Chelae heavy; palms widening distally,
slightly convex in outline below; upper surface at right angles to outer
and marked by a low blunt ridge with a small tooth at either end; a
similar ridge below on outer surface. Fingers stout, fitting together
when closed; fixed finger triangular, curved slightly downward.
Ovigerous females much smaller than males. Carpus with a
triangular inner tooth similar to the outer tooth and thereby widening
the carpus perceptibly toward distal end.
Color —Ovigerous female (69185), reddish speckled; others of this
haul gray, brownish, or white.
Measurements —Male (69221), length of carapace 4.5, width 5 mm.
Female, ovigerous, same locality, length 2.7, width 3.3 mm.
Range.—Mexico to the Galapagos Islands.
Material examined.—See table 37, page 117.
CLYTHROCERUS DECORUS Rathbun
Figure 30; Puate 34, Ficures 3, 4
Clythrocerus sp. RaTHBuN, Harriman Alaska Expedition, vol. 10, p. 169, pl. 9,
fig. 5, 1904.
Clythrocerus decorus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 185, 1933
(type locality, off Santa Rosa Island, Calif., male holotype, U.S.N.M. no.
67435).
Diagnosis —Two lateral teeth or spines, the distance between them
less than between the foremost tooth and the orbital tooth. Two
frontal teeth with long, cylindrical tips.
Description.—Carapace equally long and broad, depressed, regions
plainly marked, coarsely granulate, the granules disposed in groups
FIGURE 30.—Clythrocerus decorus, male (67435): Carapace, dorsal view, X 11.
on the regions, furrows smooth. Front divided into two broad teeth
which terminate in blunt widely separated spines with parallel sides.
Orbit with a triangular notch above and an outer subacute spine.
Two stout, denticulate teeth or spines on anterolateral margin, the
interspace shorter than that between the anterior one and the orbital
spine. Lateral margin finely denticulate. Lower surface more
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 119
coarsely granulate than dorsum; edge of orbit denticulate; antennules
fitting snugly in their sockets; peduncle of antennae tipped with a
tubercle. Two tubercles below orbit. A deep sinus behind the
orbit continuous with the pterygostomian sinus. Endognath of
outer maxilliped with two longitudinal grooves. Chelipeds stout,
very coarsely granulate; merus short; carpus obliquely quadrilateral,
two lobes on outer margin, one at inner angle; upper surface of palm
broad, longitudinally hollowed, a lobe or tooth at either end of outer
margin; digits broad and thick, inclined slightly downward and
inward, prehensile edges meeting. Merus and carpus of first two
ambulatories spinulous on margins; dactylus longer than propodus;
second leg sensibly longer than first. The ischium, merus, carpus, and
propodus of fourth leg subequal in length, dactylus shorter.
Measurements.— Male, holotype (67435), length and breadth 6 mm.
Range.—Southern California.
Material eramined.—As follows:
California: Off Brockway Point, Santa Rosa Island; 38 to 45
fathoms; April 15, 1904; station 4431, Albatross; 1 male, holotype
(67435), figured. Catalina Island; dredged; January 1863; J. G.
Cooper; 1 male (25866), figured. Off Point Loma; lat. 32°38’00’’ N.,
long. 117°14’00’’ W., in trawl; November 3, 1907; Scripps Institu-
tion; 1 specimen (53958).
CLYTHROCERUS GRANULATUS Rathbun
FicurE 31; PuaTtE 33, Figures 5-8
Cyclodorippe granulata RaTuHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
p. 293, pl. 9, fig. 1, 1898 (type locality, off Trinidad, B. W. I., 73 fathoms;
type, U.S. N. M. no. 20510).
Diagnosis.—Carapace and appendages densely granulate. Only
one lateral tooth or spine. Margins of carapace spinulous. Front
divided roughly into three teeth.
Description.—Superior and inferior surfaces closely and coarsely
granulate; lateral margins of posterior half fringed with minute,
slender spinules; slightly above and near the widest part of the cara-
pace a short, sharp spine. Rostral and orbital region depressed,
remainder of carapace swollen; branchio-cardiac sutures deep. Front
subtriangular, divided into three blunt teeth by intervening depres-
sions; the two lateral teeth with finely spinulous edge, the median
tooth entire, although occasionally with a minute notch. A longi-
tudinal furrow leads backward from orbit; outside this, the orbital
margin is transversely oblique, lower border more advanced and
transverse. A deep furrow borders the pterygostomian region; it is
very wide anteriorly and narrows to a point near the widest part of
carapace.
120 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Ischium of outer maxilliped with parallel margins, almost twice as
long as merus, which is a little wider posteriorly than ischium;
exognath just as long as merus and widest at middle. Chelipeds
rather slender, rough; carpus with two spinules on inner margin, a
spinule on outer surface near distal end; manus finely spinulous, about
twice as long as wide, with parallel margins; digits of same length as
manus, bent slightly downward. First and second ambulatories
slender, cylindrical, the second pair less than twice as long as carapace,
dactylus and propodus subequal; third and fourth legs shorter than
carapace and of subequal length, the fourth slenderer, the propodal
and terminal articles very slightly curved.
FIGURE 31.—Clythrocerus granulatus, female holotype: Dorsal view, 634.
Measurements. —Female (67447), length of carapace 3.2, width 3.4
mm. Male (67453), length 2.8, width 3.1 mm.
Range.—Florida to Venezuela, 70 to 310 fathoms.
Material examined.—As follows:
Florida: John B. Henderson: Fowey Rocks: SE. by S., 70 fathoms,
no. 355, 2 males, 4 females (67454); 75-90 fathoms, no. 364, 5 males
(67453) ; 75-100 fathoms, no. 361, 3 females (1 with parasite) (67452);
85 fathoms, no. 363, 1 female (67451); 95 fathoms, no. 362, 1 male,
4 females (67450); E. by N., 90 fathoms, no. 352, 1 male (67449).
Ragged Key, E., 75-90 fathoms, no. 366, 2 males, 2 females (67448).
Sand Key, SE. by E., 75 fathoms, 2 females (67447). Ajax Reef,
70-90 fathoms, no. 370, 1 female (67446).
Virgin Islands: Lat. 18°38/15’’ N., long. 65°00’30’" W.; 310
fathoms; March 3, 1933; station 97, Johnson-Smithsonian expedition;
1 male (67820).
Venezuela: Northwest of Trinidad; lat. 11°07’00’’ N., long.
62°14’30’’ W.; 73 fathoms; bu. M.; January 30, 1884; station 2120,
Albatross; 1 female, holotype (20510).
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 121
CLYTHROCERUS STIMPSONI, new species
Ficure 32; Puate 34, Ficures 5, 6
Type locality.—West coast of Florida; 100 fathoms; April 22, 1872,
William Stimpson, Bache; 1 female holotype (M. C. Z. no. 8261).
Diagnosis.—Carapace a third wider than long. Two lateral teeth
(paired) at widest part of carapace. A tubercle behind orbit.
Description.—Carapace convex; anterior teeth separated by a
depression from remainder of carapace. Surface finely granulate, a
few larger granules in advance. Mesogastric region defined; proto-
gastric with two impressed lines directed backward and slightly
inward, enclosing a narrow strip. Lateral margin, including the
=
FIGURE 32.—Clythrocerus stimpsoni, female holotype (M. C. Z. no. 8261): Outline of carapace, X10.
teeth, bordered by minute spinules; above and between the teeth a
small spine forming a right angle with them. Median rostral tooth
triangular, blunt, more advanced than inner orbital teeth; the latter
are tipped with a smaller slender spine; superior orbital sinus trian-
culate; outer orbital teeth directed obliquely outward, their anterior
margin convex; lower margin prominent, transverse, with a spinule
at its middle. Abdomen of female very broad, a low median tubercle
on segments 2, 3, 4, and 5; a short spinule on either side of third
segment. Maxillipeds very prominent, with raised margins; an
oblique spinuliferous ridge at middle of merus, in front of it a longi-
tudinal furrow, continued on merus; exognath with arcuate, raised
outer margin; all ridges more or less spinulous. A pterygostomian
ridge runs from just behind tip of exognath backward to a point
opposite the first lateral tooth of carapace; it is armed with about 10
spinules.
Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace to tip of
spine 3.2, width 4.3 mm.
Range.— Known only from the type specimen.
Family LEUCOSIIDAE Dana
Leucosidae Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, pt, 1, p. 390,
1852; pt. 2, p. 1427, 1853.
Leucosiidae Miers, Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Brachyura, vol. 17, p. 297,
1886.—A.cock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 164, 1896.—IHLE,
Die Decapoda Brachyura der Siboga Expedition, Monogr. 39b?, p. 186, 1918,
122 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Carapace circular, oval or polygonal. Eyes and orbits very small;
front narrow but many times wider than orbit. Antennules folding
more or less obliquely. Antennae small,sometimes obsolete. External
maxillipeds completely closing the buccal cavern, except that often
there is a crevice in front; the palp springs from a groove in their
dorsad surface near the inner edge, and is completely concealed when
the maxillipeds are in repose; exognath broad. The afferent branchial
channels occupy the sides of the endostome on either side of the deep
median endostomial groove which serves as an efferent branchial
channel. The afferent channels are covered in by the exognaths of
the external maxillipeds; the efferent channels, by a pair of lamellar
processes from the first maxillipeds. Chelipeds symmetrical. Com-
monly the third to sixth abdominal terga are fused, sometimes the
sixth is independent. The vasa deferentia emerge through the fifth
thoracic sternum on either side, near the bases of the posterior legs.
(After Alcock.)
KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF THE FAMILY LEUCOSITIDAT
A'. Merus of external maxillipeds half or more than half the length
of the ischium measured along the inner border. IT ingers
stout, gradually narrowing from base to tip.
B'. The pterygostomian margin terminates anteriorly in a circular
depression behind the orbit. Surface of carapace uneven.
Chelipeds of moderate length__________-___-_-- EBALIINAE (p. 123)
C!. Carapace broadly elliptical, sides expanded________---- Uhlias (p. 149)
C*. Carapace narrower, pentagonal to octagonal, surface very
uneven.
D'. Deep hollows or eaves within the posterior half of the
CAT APACS! SLL MAUS 1) te ates Sa seere Speloeophorus (p. 141)
D2. No deep hollows or caves within the posterior half of the
carapace. ;
Ic!. Upper surface of carapace deeply excavate_--_-- Lithadia (p. 136)
1x2. Upper surface of carapace uneven but not deeply
EXCAVa Lee MiAss 2% eek ae LEE RAE he 2). ee Ebalia (p. 123)
B?. The pterygostomian margin does not terminate in a circular
depression and is often obscure. Carapace almost hemi-
spherical, surface only slightly uneven. Chelipeds often
elongate. <2 ty Set ks fee emer ee ee PHILYRINAE (p. 151)
C!. Anterior margin of efferent branchial channel forming the
lower margin of orbit.
D'. Chelipeds rather massive. Abdominal segments 3-5
fusedyinwmalet= usa els terete eed ig eee ae Persephona (p. 151)
D?*. Chelipeds long and slender. Abdominal segments 3-6
fused in male. Cardiac and intestinal regions indi-
CALCU Ar ai, Se eis gd Se rea c-Si Se ne) eg ae Myropsis (p. 164)
C2. Anterior margin of efferent branchial channel separated by
a deep, narrow channel from the lower margin of orbit.
D'. Lateral and posterior margin of carapace marked by a
continuous beaded line. Exognath very broad, ante-
rior portion strongly arcuate___________-_-_-- .-Philyra (p. 167)
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 123
D?. Lateral and posterior margin of carapace not marked by
a continuous beaded line.
E!, Sixth segment of male abdomen with a marginal spine
overlapping fifth segment_.__..-.-.-------- Leucosilia (p. 170)
E?. No spine on male abdomen. Exognath not dilated,
outer margin nearly straight. Chelipeds stout_Randallia (p. 171)
A*, Merus of external maxillipeds less than half the length of the
ischium measured along the inner border. Fingers slender,
of subequal width throughout___--.--.-.-__--- LEUCOSIINAE ” (p. 183)
B!. Posterior half of carapace with seven spines. Anterior half of
carapace with three spines on either side_____-_- Callidactylus (p. 192)
B?. Posterior half of carapace with not more than five spines,
usually three or four. Anterior half of carapace with no
spines or with one spine on either side.
C1, Posterior half of carapace with three spines_-_------ Tliacantha (p. 183)
C2. Posterior half of carapace with four spines (exceptionally
showing trace of a rudimentary fifth)._-_.-...---- Leucosia (p. 194
Subfamily EBALIINAE Stimpson
Ebaliinae Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 159, 1871.—Inaue, Die
Decapoda Brachyura der Siboga-Expedition, Monogr. 39b?, p. 205, 1918.
Surface of carapace uneven. Chelipeds of moderate length. Palm
and fingers normal, fingers not very thin or very elongate. The
dactylus moves often in an oblique plane. Anterior margin of
buccal cavity arcuate, the middle part in front of the line of the
anterior pterygostomian region. Epistome and infraorbital lobe
well developed. The pterygostomian margin extends either slightly
or distinctly forward and terminates in an indentation. Merus of
external maxillipeds half or more than half the length of the ischium
measured along the inner border. Very often the first abdominal
segment in the female is under the carapace, and the abdominal
formula is2 +3+4to6+70r2 +3 to6+7.
Genus EBALIA Leach
Ebalia Leacu, Malacostraca Podophthalmata Britanniae, text of pl. 25, 1817
[type, EH. tuberosa (Pennant, 1777)=E. pennantit Leach, Zoological mis-
cellany, vol. 3, p. 18, 1817]—Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65,
p. 185, 1896.
Carapace rhomboid or pentagonal or hexagonal, commonly bud
not always a little broader than long; its regions usually well definen
and tumid, tumid portions nodular or granular; its posterior margit
is generally a little prominent and either bilobed or with its extreme
17 Jn connection with the use of Leucosiinae for this group of genera, attention is called to a decision made
by me in “‘A Revision of the Nomenclature of the Brachyura” (Proc. Biol. Soc. of Washington, vol. 11,
p. 160, 1897). In 1810, Latreille in his ‘‘Considérations Générales sur 1’Ordre Naturel des Animaux Com-
posant les Classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides, et des Insectes,’’ p. 422, specified the type of Lewcosia as
L. nuclea Fabricius (Supplementum entomologiae systematicae, p. 313, 1798)= Cancer nucleus Linnaeus,
1758. In 1817, Leach (Zoological miscellany, vol. 3, p. 19) made this species the type of a new genus, Jlia.
Leucosia Fabricius as typified by Latreille, therefore, takes precedence of Jlia, asynonym, and also prece-
dence of Leucosia Leach (op. cit., p. 21) for the species ZL. craniolaris Fabricius, 1798—Cancer craniolaris
Linnaeus, 1758. For this latter genus I proposed, in 1897, loc. cit., the name Leucosides.
80232—37. 9
124 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ends dentiform. In the orbital wall there are, as usual, three sutures,
and a gap at inner canthus; edge of roof of orbit more or less emar-
ginate. The antennules fold obliquely or nearly transversely. Anten-
nae minute but distinct. Buccal cavern moderately elongate; the
exopodite of external maxillipeds not dilated, its outer edge a little
curved; triangular merus of external maxillipeds about three-fourths
length of ischium measured along inner border. Chelipeds variable,
usually massive; in the typical forms short, not much more than half
again as long as carapace, and stout, with short, broad hands not
differing much in length from the stout, compressed fingers. (After
Alcock.) The abdomen of the male consists of three pieces, of the
female of four pieces in the American forms, and the male has a sharp
spine at proximal end of sixth segment.
Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS EBALIA
A!, Carapace hexagonal or subglobular_______.___-_-__-- stimpsonii (p. 124)
A?, Carapace octagonal.
B!. Carapace not posteriorly excavate.
C!. A narrow, granulated ridge extends upward from the lateral
tooth toward the highest part of the branchial region.
D!. Last three articles of cheliped not cristate. Posterior
lobes of warapace subglopulare sas 9s 222 eee ee cariosa (p. 125)
D?. Merus of cheliped cristate. Posterior lobes of carapace
BUND GEL SIUM UN ge et ee rear ae magdalenensis (p. 128)
C2. No narrow, granulated ridge extends upward from the
lateral tooth.
D!. A broad, sharp crest on last three articles of chelipeds_ cristata (p. 132)
D?. A low inconspicuous crest on last three articles of
chelipeds.
KE}. Two triangular teeth on lateral margin of carapace at
its widest part Aes | Mi WOAPESZ: fe aan hancocki (p. 128)
E!. No marginal teeth on carapace at its widest part_ clarionensis
(p. 132)
B?. Carapace deeply excavate about cardiac region______ rotundata (p. 135)
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF EBALIA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PaciFic
cariosa. magdalenensis.
EBALIA STIMPSONII A. Milne Edwards
FicureE 33; PLATE 35, Ficures 1-3; Puate 37, Figures 1-3
Ebalia stimpsonii A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 22,
1880 (type locality, Barbados, 744-50 fathoms, type, M.C.Z. no. 2761).—
RatuHsBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 298, 1898;
Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 87, 1901.
Ebalia stimpsoni A. MitnE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27, p. 118, pl. 28, figs. 6, 7; pl. 24, fig. 2, 1902.
Diagnosis.—Carapace more even than customary, depressed in
hepatic area only. An hepatic and a pterygostomian prominence.
Four posterior protuberances,
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 125
Description.—Carapace hexagonal, length and width subequal;
surface more even than usual in the genus; covered with crowded,
depressed granules, smaller on anterior third; a few prominent gran-
ules; a row of outstanding granules on lateral margin; hepatic region
depressed, its margin forming a low, blunt prominence a little in
front of branchiohepatic suture; the pterygostomian prominence is
farther forward, subacute; cardiac region swollen, surrounded by a
depression; a posterolateral lobe in transverse line with middle of
cardiac region; posterior border bilobed. In the male the 4 posterior
protuberances are subrectangular, rounded at tip; in the female
these lobes are very shallow, the posterior pair forming together a
FIGURE 33.—Lbalia stimpsonii, female: Dorsal view, * 5. After A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.
horizontal line. Front bidentate, broadly emarginate. Chelipeds
covered with granules, coarser on merus than on manus; legs slender,
covered with smaller granules. Inferior surface of body also gran-
ulate.
Measurements —Male (66514), length of carapace 5.6, width 5.4
mm.; female, length 5.8, width 5.7 mm.
Range.—West Florida to Barbados; 4 to 80 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 38, page 127.
EBALIA CARIOSA (Stimpson)
Puate 35, Fiaures 6, 7
Lithadia cariosa Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 238, 1860
(type locality, Beaufort, N. C.; type not extant)—Ratnsun, Ann. Inst.
Jamaica, vol. 1, p. 39, 1897—Hay and SnHorg, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries,
vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 424, pl. 32, fig. 6, 1918.
Ebalia (Lithadia) brasiliensis voN Martens, Arch. fiir Naturg., vol. 38, p. 115,
pl. 5, figs. 10, 10b, 1872 (type locality, Bay of Rio de Janeiro; type in
Berlin Mus.).
Lithadia lacunosa Kinestry, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1879, p. 403,
1880 (type locality, Sarasota Bay, Fla.; type, U. S. N. M. no. 42226).
Lithadia geometrica Boons, Bull. Bingham Ocean. Coll., vol. 1, p. 45, fig. 9,
1927 (type locality, Swan Island; type missing from Bingham Oceanographic
Collection).
126 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Diagnosis.—Carapace octagonal. Cardiac region deeply separated
from branchial and intestinal regions. A strong pterygostomian
tooth.
Description—Body and feet everywhere tuberculate or granulate
above and below. Carapace convex, subrhomboidal, anterior and
posterior angles truncate, lateral angles obtuse. A tooth on postero-
lateral margin, separated by a deep sinus from the intestinal region
which is bilobate. The anterolateral margin of the hepatic region is
sinuous; the region is posteriorly defined by an impressed line; the
pterygostomian region has a downward-pointing tooth, hardly visible
in dorsal view. Cardiac and inner lobules of branchial region strongly
protuberant. Front elevated and connected with the middle protu-
berances by a narrow longitudinal ridge traversing the gastric region.
On either side of this ridge there is a deep and rather broad excavation
of a darker color than the protuberant parts, which extends laterally
over the anterior part of the branchial region but is nearly divided
in two by the slightly prominent hepatic region, which projects
inward from the anterolateral margin, with an arcuated inner edge
armed with prominent granules. A similar deep and very narrow
sulcus separates the cardiac from the branchial regions, and passes
behind the former, separating it fromthe thick intestinal lobes. A
slight shallow depression on the branchial region along the postero-
lateral margin. On the protuberant middle and posterior parts of the
carapace the granules are very large and somewhat irregularly piled
upon one another, leaving upon the cardiac numerous small eroded
cavities. Front strongly prominent, with a concave margin fissured
at middle.
Merus of cheliped broader than hand, outer margin convex and a
little irregular; hands rather small, uniformly granulated above and
below and tapering to rather slender fingers. Legs cylindrical, covered
with small granules, which on the dactyls become minute, crowded,
and almost spinuliform. Sternum and abdomen covered with small,
hard smooth tubercles. Abdomen armed with a backward-pointing
tooth at proximal end of penult segment. (After Stimpson.)
Color.—A light gray or buff; female occasionally with two or three
small red spots on abdomen (Hay). Palered (von Martens). Sternum
and abdomen ornamented with seven or eight red dots (Stimpson).
Measurements —Male (51382), length 11.8, width 12.4; female
(51382), length 13.3, width 14.5 mm.
Habit—Not uncommon at depths from 1 to 5 fathoms in the
channels about Beaufort. When brought to the surface in the dredge
it feigns death and is only with difficulty distinguished from the
pebbles and bits of shell among which it appears to make its home.
Eggs occur at intervals throughout the summer. (Hay.)
Range.—North Carolina to Brazil; below low tide to 25 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 39, page 130.
127
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128 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
EBALIA MAGDALENENSIS Rathbun
Ficure 34; Puatse 35, Ficurss 4, 5
Ebalia magdalenensis RaTHBUN, tn Glassell, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vol. 7, p. 334, pl. 22, 1933 (type locality, Magdalena Bay, Mexico; type,
U.S.N.M. no. 67429).
Diagnosis.—Posterior lobes of carapace triangular, separated.
Posterolateral lobes similar, larger. Front slightly bidentate. He-
patic region not defined posteriorly by an impressed line. Lateral
angle of carapace obtuse; the border behind slightly convex.
Description.—Shape resembling that of EF. cariosa. Carapace
covered with much finer, crowded granules. Front with two shallow,
obtusangled lobes; orbits oblique, behind the front. Median carina
broad and blunt, concave in profile, narrowing toward middle of
carapace, indicating the mesogastric region. Hepatic prominence
very slightly produced; anterolateral cavity suboblong, granules
largest in the deepest part. The highest point of the branchial
region is at its inner anterior angle, from which a concave line trends
toward the lateral angle of the carapace. Behind this, the surface
is convex and uneven, showing two low elevations. A right angled
tooth at posterolateral angle. A deep furrow either side of the cardiac
region surmounted by a blunt lobe. Intestinal lobes broad, trian-
gular, blunt. Subhepatic projection prominent, extending downward
and forward, tip lobiform. Chelipeds granulate, coarser on merus,
becoming finer toward fingers; three lobes on posterior cristate
margin of merus, manus coarsely granulate above, fingers slender,
hairy on prehensile edge. Ambulatory legs with acornlike granules,
one row on merus, two rows above on carpus and propodus, one row
below on propodus.
Color.—FPreserved specimens show four red dots in a square on the
female abdomen, and red color on distal half of fingers.
Measurements—Female holotype, length of carapace on median
line 11, length to tip of intestinal lobe 11.7, width 11.3 mm.
Range.—Mexico to Ecuador; 2 to 18 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 40, page 131.
EBALIA HANCOCEI Rathbun
Puate 36, Figures 6-8; Puate 82, Ficurss 1, 2
Ebalia hancocki RatHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 183, 1933
(type locality, Charles Island, Galapagos; type, U. S. N. M. no. 67988).
Diagnosis.—Carapace broader than long. Posterior lobes extremely
shallow. Hepatic region elevated. An excrescence above base of
movable finger.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 129
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FIGURE 34.—Ebalia magdalenensis, female holotype: a, Dorsal; b, ventral. XX 4.8. After Glassell.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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132 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Description.—Near FE. magdalenensis. Carapace broader than
long. Surface covered with large globular granules, in large part
separated. Frontal margin divided by a short impressed line into
two shallow blunt teeth. Branchial elevation larger than in ZL.
magdalenensis; its anterior, highest portion has finer, closer granules.
The anterolateral depression is restricted by a hepatic elevation;
behind this the anterolateral margin of the carapace is plainly indi-
cated; just below it, a rectangular pterygostomian tooth, behind
which are two triangular spines, the hinder pair at the widest part of
the carapace, the beginning of the lateral margin of the branchial
region which is bordered with flat spinules. Posterior lobes broad,
arcuate and very shallow. Subhepatic region acutely pointed.
Chelipeds and legs very rough; a triangular tooth on upper base of
movable finger; manus much swollen laterally.
Measurements.—Female holotype, extreme length of carapace 7.2,
width 8 mm.
Range.—Mexico; Galapagos Islands.
Material examined.—See table 41, page 133.
EBALIA CLARIONENSIS Rathbun
PuatEe 82, Ficurss 3, 4
Hbalia clarionensis RatusBwun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, p. 2, 1935.
Type locality—Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island, Mexico; 32 fathoms;
nullipores; January 5, 1935, no. 136; Hancock Galapagos Expedition;
1 male (U. S. N. M. no. 69343).
Diagnosis.—Surface covered with crowded punctae. No marginal
teeth at widest part of carapace. A small median hollow on cardiac
region.
Description.—In general shape resembling FE. hancocki. Carapace
narrower, more octagonal. Front more advanced but less elevated.
Subhepatic tooth obtuse-angled. Posterolateral angles thickened and
rounded. Posterior lobes very shallow, separated by a broad and very
slight indentation. Cardiac region with a small hollow in a circular
rim, facing obliquely backward. Chela less swollen than in hancock.
Measurements —Male holotype, length of carapace 6.3, width 6.7
mm.
Range.—Known only from the unique specimen.
EBALIA CRISTATA Rathbun
Figure 35; PLATE 35, Fiaures 8, 9
Nursia tuberculata RatHsBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 257, 1893 (type
locality, Gulf of California; type, U.S.N.M. no. 17503); not EH. tuberculata
Miers, 1881.
Ebalia cristata RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 612, pl. 44, fig. 5,
1898 (type locality, off Abreojos Point, Lower California; type, U.S.N.M.
no. 21599).
133
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
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134 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Diagnosis.—Carapace octagonal; front entire; chelipeds cristate.
Description.—Length and breadth of carapace subequal; hepatic
regions depressed; deep furrows outline cardiac and mesogastric
regions. A blunt median carina extends from the front to the
cardiac region. Surface covered with flat close-set granules, not
quite so large on the anterior third. Front truncate, upturned. A
blunt prominence at hinder end of hepatic region; directly behind it
a triangular lobe or tooth on the margin of the branchial region, fol-
FIGURE 35.—Ebalia cristata, male holotype (21599): Dorsal view, X 3%.
lowed closely by a smaller, similar lobe at the widest part of the
carapace, both lobes inclined downward; posterolateral angle fur-
nished with an acute denticle; behind it the margin is concave;
posterior margin with two shallow adjacent lobes. Of the dorsal
branchial prominences, the anterior one is the highest; below it a
ridge trends toward the midlateral tooth; the prominence behind it js
irregularly broken up. In a larger male, these prominences are more
confluent. Pterygostomian region drawn to an acute point. Merus
of chelipeds cylindrical, length less than twice thickness; carpus,
propodus, and dactylus with a thin, acute crest; palm swollen, lower
margin convex. Legs granulate, margins spinulous; dactyls long,
slender, fringed below.
Measurements.—Male (17503), length of carapace 11.8, width 12.5
mm; male (21599), length 9.6, width 10 mm.
Range.—West coast of Mexico.
Material examined.—Lower California, Mexico:
Off Abreojos Point; lat. 26°14’00’’ N., long. 113°13’00’’ W.; 48
fathoms; yl. M.; temperature 53.9° F.; May 3, 1888; station 2834,
Albatross; 1 male (21599).
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 135
Off Angel de la Guardia Island, Gulf of California; lat. 29°30’00’’
N., long. 112°40’00’’ W.; 45 fathoms; 1880-82; Comdr. H. E. Nichols,
U.S. N.; 1 male (17503).
EBALIA ROTUNDATA (A. Milne Edwards)
Piate 36, Figures 9-12; Puate 37, Ficurss 4, 5
Lithadia rotundata A. M1tne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 22, 1880
(type locality, mouth of the Bermejo, Patagonia; type, M. C. Z..no. 6662) —
A. Mitnze Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 113,
pl. 22, figs. 6, 7; pl. 23, figs. 1, 2, 1902.
Diagnosis.—Carapace octagonal, without lateral teeth. Carapace
hollowed out about cardiac region.
Description.—Surfaces everywhere covered with flat, adjacent
granules delimited by raised lines; on the digits, especially those of
the ambulatories, the granules are replaced by spinules. Carapace
wider than long, octagonal, sides unequal, margins thick. Front
narrow, faintly bilobed. The anterolateral margins are the longest
and have two obtuse prominences, one at level of hepatic region, the
other more feeble and a little behind; lateral margins half as long as
anterolateral, converging posteriorly and slightly concave; postero-
lateral margins a little longer than the preceding and also concave;
posterior margin twice as wide as front, having a broad sinus and two
shallow lobes, more pronounced in male. The branchial regions are
the most elevated portions of the carapace. The hepatic region is
very convex above and below; not toothed below but more prominent
in female than in male; dorsally it is surrounded by a depression.
Cardiac prominence wider than long, oblong, with rounded corners
and connected by a transverse line with the urogastric region. It is
otherwise surrounded by a depression, on which are some isolated
mushroom-shaped granules; it is narrow and shallow behind but
becomes deeper on the anterior border, where it is divided into two
lobes by reason of a prominence from its outer border which projects
in the direction of the anterior cardiac angle. Third and fourth
segments of male abdomen with three blunt longitudinal carinae;
sixth segment with an acute spine at proximal end, pointing backward.
Sternum with four deep transverse grooves.
Measurements of cotypes.—Male, length 9.9, width 10.1 mm. ; female,
length 8.5, width 9.1 mm.
Material examined —Known only from the two cotypes (¢ and
°) from off Bermejo Head, Patagonia, lat. 47°17’ S., long. 63° W.,
17 fathoms, March 4, 1872, station 28, Hassler (M. C. Z. no, 6662).
136 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus LITHADIA Bell
Lithadia Bewu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 305, 1855 (type, L. cumingit
Bell).
Carapace subrhomboidal, with cardiac region produced posteriorly,
lateral margins produced over bases of legs; surface very uneven,
branchial and cardiac lobes elevated, hepatic region much depressed ;
the subhepatic region forms a distinct and oblique facet; surface
rough with granules or tubercles. Front produced, narrow, upturned,
orbits small; a considerable space between edge of lower wall of orbit
and free edge of buccal cavern. Merus of external maxillipeds much
more than half the length of ischium measured along inner edge;
outer margin of exognath nearly straight. Chelipeds rather short
and heavy. Segments 3-5 in abdomen of male fused, 4—6 of female.
This genus is restricted to those species which have marked excava-
tions on the upper surface of the carapace.
East and west coasts of Middle America; South Africa (Stebbing),
Indian Ocean (Laurie), Australia (Haswell).
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LITHADIA
Al. An anterior median carina on carapace.
B'. Major part of carapace excavate; highest points, 2 small lobes
in line with widest part of carapace________-__--____- cumingii (p. 136)
B?. Major part of carapace convex. Branchial region almost
entirely swollen. Rostrum slightly concave_-__-_--- cadaverosa (p. 137)
A?. No anterior median carina; highest point a small branchial
pyramid either side in line with widest part of carapace___granulosa (p. 140)
LITHADIA CUMINGII Bell
PLATE 38, Ficures 1, 2, 7-15
Lithadia cumingii Bru, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 305, pl. 38, fig. 6,
7, 1855 (type locality, Puerto Portrero, Central America [Potrero, Costa Rica];
type in Mus. Bell) —Ratuesvun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 613, 1898.
Diagnosis —Major part of carapace excavate. Anterior median
carina a single line of granules. Rostrum with two narrow arcuate
lobes. Highest points of carapace two small lobes opposite widest
part of carapace.
Description—Male: Carapace very strongly marked by rude
elevations, sharply circumscribing deep hollows. In a young male
the elevations are more numerous and distinct, and the sulci separating
them are continuous; in an old male these elevations are confluent,
the sulci becoming four irregular circumscribed hollows, covered
within with distinct granulations. Intermediate stages have been
noted. Posterior branchial lobe forming a triangular tooth; lobes
of posterior margin similarly modified. Rostrum slightly turned up,
emarginate. Outer maxillipeds, sternum, and abdomen covered
with distinct large and elevated granulations. The fused segment of
male abdomen has a minute tooth at posterior angles and a slight
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMBRICA 137
mesial carina; sixth segment oblong-quadrate, posterior margin armed
with a strong tooth pointed backward. Chelipeds very irregular, arms
tuberculate and granulate; hand nearly as broad as long, distinctly
carinated on outer side; dactylus with a lobe at proximal end of upper
carina. (After Bell.)
Female: Much broader than male; in young as well as old, the eleva-
tions are found to be as numerous as In the young male described above.
Color.—Pale brown; hollows of carapace gray; four minute red dots
on abdomen. (Bell.)
Measurements—Type male, length 18, width 15 mm. Adult
female (22132), entire length 11.7, width 14 mm. Young female
(22133), entire length 7.5, width 8.6 mm.
Range.—West coast of Mexico to Ecuador; 2 to 51 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 42, page 138.
LITHADIA CADAVEROSA Stimpson
PuaTE 38, Ficures 3-6
Lithadia cadaverosa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 159, 1871
(type localities, west of Tortugas, 35 fathoms, and off Conch Reef, Fla.,
40 fathoms; types not extant).—RatusBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State
Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 293, 1898.
Diagnosis—A narrow median carina of granules. Rostrum
slightly concave. Highest points of carapace the branchial regions
which are almost entirely swollen.
Description.—Carapace broad, suboctagonal, very little produced
posteriorly and strongly convex; branchial regions much swollen
especially in female. These regions and the other protuberant parts
of the carapace are more or less covered with depressed, often con-
fluent granules, arranged in lines or groups with depressed spaces
intervening, giving to the surface an eroded or vermiculated appear-
ance. Excavations between regions very deep, those surrounding the
cardiac region dotted with flat granules irregularly placed; those sur-
rounding hepatic region and lying in front of branchial very narrow.
Hepatic region narrow, with a granulated ridge extending inward a
short distance from the anterolateral margin, which is here defined
by a similar ridge. Pterygostomian prominence triangulate. Be-
hind the hepatic region and separated from it by a deep transverse
sinus below, there are on the anterolateral margin of branchial region
two strong, triangular, flattened teeth pointing downward; the
anterior of the two is the larger. Posterolateral tooth of branchial
region triangular in male, shallower and rounder in female. Intes-
tinal projections lobiform, shallow. One or two rows of small
tubercles on lower surface of branchial region. Front thick, slightly
concave. Chelipeds rugose, with angular, granulated protuberances;
merus subcylindrical. Ambulatories armed above with short thick
spines; last two articles somewhat setose. (After Stimpson.)
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140 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Color.—Bluish white, with flake-white ridges and tubercles; frontal
portion and feet flesh colored; a few blood-red spots on abdomen and
about bases of appendages especially of chelipeds. (Stimpson.)
Measurements.—Male (17855), length of carapace 7.5, width 8
mm; female (17854), length 7.4, width 8.6 mm.
Range.—West coast of Florida to Bahamas; 25-34 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 43, page 139.
LITHADIA GRANULOSA A. Milne Edwards
FIGurRE 36
Lithadia granulosa A. MiLNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 22,
1880 (type locality, off St. Croix Island, 115 fathoms; whereabouts of type
unknown).—A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvinr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 27, p. 116, pl. 22, figs. 8, 9; pl. 23, figs. 3-5; pl. 24, fig. 1, 1902.
Diagnosis —No linear median carina of granules. Major part of
carapace convex; highest point a small branchial prominence either
side of middle and opposite widest part of carapace. A large rec-
tangular pterygostomian prominence, anterior margin transverse.
Front truncate.
Description.—Branchial regions very large, dominating the longi-
tudinal rounded prominence which attaches the truncate front to
the cardiac region; they present in the forward part a little outside
the median line a high pyramidal prominence; farther outward an
oblique but lower protuberance of the same form on the strong
branchial arch; its summit is advanced almost to line of lateral
margin. Cardiac area a rounded but very depressed pyramid, sur-
rounded by a narrow, shallow depression where the unevenness of
the granules is accented. Below the hepatic areas, little prominent
and of small size, there is a conspicuous rectangular pterygostomian
projection; behind this a small subbranchial tooth. The raised line
of granules forming the anterolateral border is, in the hepatic region,
divided into two curves, which form between them a very obtuse
angle. Anterolateral angle of branchial region triangular and sepa-
rated by an arched line from posterolateral angle; this is rounded,
as are the two halves of the intestinal region. Female abdomen
strongly discoid, its fused segment a little wider than long; telson
subtriangular, margins arcuate.
Granules of carapace depressed, unequal, confluent, forming a
sort of mosaic; they are also grouped in prominent lines as on the
lateral border of hepatic region and at divers points on branchial
and cardiac regions. On lower surface of branchial region and on
sternal plastron outside the abdomen certain granules are irregularly
placed and protuberant above the others, giving the surface a cor-
roded appearance. A similar disposition occurs on the free face of
the abdomen, but the granules are larger and the differences of level
less pronounced. On the ischium of the outer maxillipeds the
granules form on the median line a strong longitudinal elevation.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 141
The granules of the other appendages are in general smaller than
those of the carapace, but some frequently project above the others
in an obtuse point; this is the case in the merus of chelipeds and on
the three middle articles of the legs; the dactyl of the latter append-
ages is ornamented with stiff hairs. Granules form a swelling on
upper border of wrist and also terminate the upper beveled edge of
the palm. (After A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.)
FIGURE 36.—Lithadia granulosa: a, Carapace of female, dorsal view; b, left cheliped, inner face; c, same,
outer face; d, first right ambulatory, outer face; e, last right ambulatory, outer face. X74. After A.
Milne Edwards and Bouvier.
Measurements.—Holotype female, length 7, width 8.1 mm.
Range.—Known only from the type specimen, from off Frederick-
sted, St. Croix Island, West Indies; 115 fathoms; R. brk. Sh.;
temp. 65° F.; station 132, Blake, 1878-79.
Genus SPELOEOPHORUS A. Milne Edwards
Speloecphorus A. Mitne Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 148,
1865 [type, S. nodosus (Bell)]—Ratusun, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for
1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 88, 1901.
Carapace broad, roughly pentagonal, hexagonal or octagonal;
lateral borders considerably prolonged over the base of the legs.
Posterior half with a deep cavity in either branchial region which is
roofed wholly or in part by a bridge formed by an extension of the
cardiac region meeting a similar extension of the branchial region
142 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
along a suture line. Suborbital border entire. Endognath of outer
maxillipeds overreaching exognath, which has a rounded extremity.
Eyes large. Chelipeds short and strong. Abdomen of male with
segments 3-5, of female with 4—6 fused; in male a backward-pointing
spine on sixth segment.
To this genus are referred all of the Hbalia or Inthadia species
having deep hollows or caves within the posterior half of the carapace.
North Carolina to Cape St. Roque, Brazil; west coast of Mexico.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS SPELOEOPHORUS
A!, The deep cavity of the carapace has only two orifices, invisible
in dorsal view.
Bee Carapnce hexagonal _* = 2520. S20. 7 ea eee ee nodosus (p. 142)
Be ¥@arapace trigonals 22 S222 ON See ee ee ee schmitti (p. 143)
A?, Carapace octagonal and with four orifices, of which two
are visible in dorsal view.
B!. Carapace broader than long.
C1, Dorsal pair of orifices small. Carapace highest at anterior
end of branchialielevation-=222 "tas ses UL oe pontifer (p. 144)
C?, Dorsal pair of orifices large. Carapace highest near middle
of branchial elevation; narrower than pontifer_-_-_-- elevatus (p. 145)
B?. Carapace longer than broad, strongly constricted behind
frontal margin. Superior orifices circular_......_-_-- digueti (p. 148)
SPELOEOPHORUS NODOSUS (Bell)
Puate 40, Figures 1-5
Oreophorus nodosus BELL, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 307, pl. 33,
fig. 8, 1855 (type locality unknown; type in Brit. Mus.).
Speloeophorus nodosus A. MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol.
5, p. 149, 1865.—Ratuson, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2,
p. 89, 1901.—Hay and Suors, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35 (1915-16),
p. 425, pl. 32, fig. 4, 1918.
Spelaeophorus nodosus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, p.
119, 1871.—Ratuevn, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, p. 37, 1897.
Dragnosis.—Carapace pentagonal or hexagonal, broader than long.
Only two orifices in hinder half of carapace; orifices are posterior and
invisible in dorsal view.
Description.—Carapace about one-fifth broader than long, pen-
tagonal, intestinal region concealed in dorsal view, posterolateral
angles rounded; surface covered with crowded granules and nodose;
an elevated protuberance on hepatic region, a transverse line of
nodules across middle of carapace and one above each posterior
cavity; a median ridge on gastric region. In a large specimen the
nodules are fused, those over the cavities forming two large coils.
Cavities large, invisible in dorsal view. Carapace of o& much more
uneven than that of 9. Hepatic region thick, margin rounded;
pterygostomian region with a prominent bunch of granules; antero-
lateral branchial margin with two similar bunches of granules;
posterolateral lobe and upper part of cavity sharp-edged. Posterior
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 143
margin of intestinal region bilobed, lobes more distinctly marked in
o thanin 2. Front thick, bilobed. Entire lower surface granulate.
Outer margin of arm irregularly bilobed, distal lobe the larger; hands
dilated, outer margin cristate; fingers thin, flat, grooved. Legs
cristate, crests dentate or narrowly lobed.
In one small o (19361), the anterior angles of the cardiac region
are not joined closely by the branchial surface, resulting in two small
orifices, which lead into the large cavities.
Color.—Like dead piece of coral overgrown with purplish and green-
ish algae and patches of red ones. Hands perhaps of a natural greenish
cast; reticulations around whitish areas greenish or pale bice green;
above articulation of fingers faint vinaceous-pink; fingers dull china
white. Legs dirty white, merus with whitish spots and greenish
reticulations and with vinaceous median cross bar, as have also carpus
and propodus across middle of upper side. Eyes not distinguishable
from rest of coloration of body. Under parts dirty whitish, abdomen
greenish, darker in pits; markings much as in Hay’s photograph
(loc. cit.), perhaps vinaceous-cinnamon. Eggs transparent drab color,
with black eye.
Habit.—Very readily plays dead.
Measurements—Male (19362), length 12.2, width 14.8 mm.;
female (55191), length 17, width 21.7 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to Puerto Rico; 1% to 10 fathoms.
Material_examined.—See. table 44, page 146.
SPELOEOPHORUS SCHMITTI Glassell
PuateE 40, Fiaurss 6, 7; Puatse 41, Fiaurss 1, 2
Speloeophorus schmitti GuassELt, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,
no. 14, p. 95, pl. 10, 1935.
Diagnosis —Carapace trigonal, much broader than long. Two
large posterior orifices, invisible in dorsal view.
Description—Length of carapace about two-thirds of width;
posterior margin nearly straight to the outer end where it forms a
large, arcuate lobe on the side, which is nearly half as long as the
carapace; a little farther forward on the margin a small blunt lobe or
tooth, followed by a broad, shallow, triangular lobe extending to the
branchiohepatic sinus. Hepatic region prominent, defined by a
broad shallow groove; subhepatic region sharper, conical, appearing
a little more than a right angle from above. Carapace laterally very
convex and a little uneven; covered with flat, crowded granules; a
small transverse elevation on anterior branchial region. Posterior
hollows large, openings rhomboidal. The two blunt frontal lobes are
separated by a depression, from which a single line of raised granules
extends backward some distance on the gastric region. The under
side of the body and the appendages are very rough. Palms bluntly
carinate; merus with three stout conical, blunt lobes on upper surface.
144 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Two lobules on merus of ambulatories, and a double row of unequal,
denticulate teeth on carpus and propodus.
Measurements—Female holotype, length of carapace to tip of
frontal teeth 27.1, width 36.8 mm.
Range.—West coast of Mexico.
Material examined.—Gulf of California, Mexico:
San Felipe; May 6-15, 1933, H. N. Lowe, 2 females (one is holo-
type) (67728); S. A. Glassell; 2 males (Glassell collection).
Angeles Bay; under dense bed of sea lettuce at low tide; January 4,
1932; S. A. Glassell; 2 males, 1 female (Glassell collection).
Pefiascosa, Sonora; February 1934; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (69400).
SPELOEOPHORUS PONTIFER (Stimpson)
Puate 39, Fiaures 1-3
? Ebalia fossa DesBoNNE, MS., in Desbonne and Schramm, Crustacés de la
Guadeloupe, etec., p. 55, 1867 (type locality, Guadeloupe; type perhaps not
extant).
Lithadia pontifera Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, p. 115,
1871 (type locality, Barbados; type not extant).—RatusBun, Bull. U. 8S.
Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 88, 1901.
Ebalia (Lithadia) cubensis von Martens, Arch. fiir Naturg., vol. 38, p. 114,
pl. 5, fig. 9, 1872 (type locality, Bay of Rio de Janeiro; type in Berlin Mus.).
Spelaeophorus triangulus A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8,
p. 23, 1880 (type localities, Charlotte Harbor and Sand Key, Fla.; type from
Sand Key in M. C. Z., no. 6667).—A. MILNE Epwarps and Bovuvisr, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 120, pl. 24, figs. 3, 4, 1902.
Speloeophorus pontifera Hay and Suors, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35
(1915-16), p. 425, pl. 32, fig. 5, 1918.
Diagnosis.—Carapace octagonal, broader than long. Two pairs
of orifices, one posterior partially visible from above, the other
smaller, dorsal, and situated at anterior angle of cardiac region.
Carapace highest at anterior end of branchial elevation.
Description —Carapace distinctly broader than long, with an
angular outline, the sides projecting considerably over the bases of
the legs. Surface covered with granules, the larger ones forming a
finely reticulated pattern. The lobe at the inner angle of the bran-
chial region is the highest part of the carapace; its summit is trans-
versely ridged. Side margins of carapace thick. Hepatic region
small and slightly elevated, with an incomplete circle of granules
above, and an interrupted line on outer margin. Pterygostomian
region prominent, with a conical downward-pointing spine, visible
from above. A small tooth on anterior part of anterolateral margin
of branchial region. Posterolateral margins rectangled, the outer
portions of which are subparallel but bayed inward, forming a sub-
acute tooth anteriorly and a rounded lobe posteriorly; the width of
the carapace may be greatest at one or the other of these angles.
Between cardiac and branchial regions on either side, a deep cavity
bridged over by the meeting of a projection from the cardiac region
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 145
with a similar projection from the posterior branchial protuberance,
and leaving a small dorsal cavity on either side of urogastric region.
Posterior margin thinner than anterior and lateral margins on
account of the deep excavation around cardiac region; intestinal
region faintly bilobed. Front elevated, thick, bimarginate, a deep
sinus across middle. Chelipeds somewhat cristate, forming a lobe
at distal end of manus. Ambulatory legs granulate and tuberculate.
Abdomen densely tuberculate; segments 3-5 only partially fused;
segment 6 with a sharp, backward-pointing spine at proximal end.
Color.—In the middle pale red, remainder white (von Martens).
Measurements—Male (24519) length 6, width 7.5 mm.; female
(17853), length 10.3, width at middle of carapace 13.4 mm.
Range.—Beaufort fishing banks, North Carolina, to Barbados;
low tide to 125 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 45, page 147.
SPELOEOPHORUS ELEVATUS Rathbun
PuatE 39, Figures 7-9
? Ebalia mamillosa DresBponne, MS., in Desbonne and Schramm, Crustacés de la
Guadeloupe, ete., p. 54, 1867 (type locality, Guadeloupe; type perhaps not
extant).
Speloeophorus elevatus RaTHBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, p. 290, pl. 3, fig. 1, 1898 (type locality, off Key West; type in Mus.
S. U. I.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 612, 1898.
Diagnosis.—Carapace broader than long, narrower than in pontifer.
Two pairs of orifices of good size, narrowly separated. Carapace
highest near middle of branchial elevation.
Description.—Carapace narrower and higher than in S. pontifer;
the highest point is at middle of ridge defining inner and posterior
boundary of each branchial region. Hepatic region convex; ptery-
gostomian tooth stout, blunt. Branchial region with three lateral
lobes, one on anterolateral margin, the others on lateral margin, the
lobe at posterolateral angle much the largest and most produced.
The posterior orifices are each nearly as large as the cardiac lobe; the
anterior orifices are each about half as large as the posterior and sep-
arated from them by narrow, cylindrical bridges; surface between
anterior openings much depressed. Outer surface of merus of cheliped
with stout, blunt lobes; palm swollen laterally, its outer margin thick
and smooth. Upper surface of crab covered with depressed granules
so crowded as to present a honeycomb structure; the more elevated
portions are in addition tuberculated. On the lower surface are many
more tubercles, large and beadlike, tending to form on the abdomen
reticulating lines. Tubercles margining ambulatory legs acorn-shaped.
Measurements.—Type female, length 9.7, width at posterolateral
angles 12 mm.
Range.—From Florida Keys to Cape St. Roque, Brazil.
Material ecamined.—See table 46, page 147.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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148 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SPELOEOPHORUS DIGUETI (Bouvier)
PuatTe 39, Figures 4-6
Lithadia digueti Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1898, p. 330 (type locality,
Gulf of California; type in Paris Mus.).
Diagnosis.—Carapace longer than broad; a well-marked constricted
neck. Two pairs of orifices; dorsal ones circular, surrounded by
five stout lobes, four branchial, one cardiac. Four prominent,
triangular, posterior lobes, two branchial, two intestinal.
Description.—Carapace longer than wide, everywhere covered
with unequal, flattened granules, almost touching, scarcely promi-
nent; on the elevated parts the granules are stronger and irregular,
giving the surface a corroded appearance. Front truncate, hollowed
out at middle, and inclined strongly upward; behind the obtuse carina
which limits this inclined part, there is a broad, prominent, longi-
tudinal swelling, which widens behind under the form of a small
mesogastric triangle; it is regularly concave, due to the elevation of
the front. Hepatic tubercles strong and almost pyramidal; they
form the outer limit of a deep, irregular depression which extends to
the branchial area and the median swelling. Branchial elevations
very high and irregular; their highest point is a large subpyramidal
prominence, which is found in the neighborhood of the cardiac area;
they are a little less elevated in front and present here three or four
irregular and slightly corroded bosses; an arcuate swelling connects
the outermost of these bosses with the posterior part of the hepatic
tubercle; below this swelling the carapace is very inclined and forms
a coarsely granulate facet which is continued behind to the postero-
lateral angle. This last is very prominent, broad, obtuse, and directed
backward and outward; it is attached to the hepatic tubercle by an
S-shaped lateral border. Subhepatic tubercle slightly visible in
dorsal view. The cardiac region forms an obtuse and very outstand-
ing prominence which does not conceal the two large lobes of the
intestinal region; it sends outward a broad prolongation which is
soldered to, and forms a wide bridge with, a corresponding branchial
area. Between the inner orifices of these two bridges the carapace is
strongly depressed.
Ocular peduncles short. Antennular fossettes very oblique; orbi-
tal fissures completely closed. Opercular part of outer maxillipeds
equally granulous throughout. Chelipeds subcylindrical, covered
with obtuse granules; a tubercle on outer surface of merus, a row of
three on outer surface of palm, bordered on either side by a longi-
tudinal sulcus. Legs ornamented with large tubercles, obtuse or
spiniform, on upper border of merus, carpus and propodus; also
some spinules on lower border of propodus. Abdomen of male with
a prominent row of tubercles on median line, also a lateral row on
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 149
segments 3 and 4; a conical, sharp, downward-pointing spine at
proximal end of segment 6.
Measurements—Male (66515), length of carapace 17, width of
same 16 mm.
Female.—A small specimen (69750) 6.7 mm long by 6.3 wide, is
probably the young female of S. digueti. The striking protuberances
of the male are replaced by slight ones; the median cardiac lobe is
low, as is also the marginal lobe beneath it, which has a slight groove.
The front is relatively shorter and less constricted than in the male.
Range.—West coast of Mexico to Panama.
Material examined.—aAs follows:
Mexico: Carmen Island, Gulf of California; 20 fathoms; December
19, 1931; 1 male; S. A. Glassell collector and owner. Acapulco;
April 1930; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (66515).
Panama: Secas Islands; south and west of group; 25 fathoms;
nullipores; February 22, 1934; Hancock Galapagos Expedition;
station 251; 1 female young (69750).
Genus UHLIAS Stimpson
Uhlias Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, p. 117, 1871 (type, U.
ellipticus Stimpson).
Carapace broadly elliptical, sides much expanded, depressed,
laminiform, middle elevated; front nonprojecting; eyes concealed
beneath orbital margin of carapace. Exognath of outer maxillipeds
not tapering. Propodi of ambulatory legs expanded, dactyli short.
East and west coasts of middle America.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS UHLIAS
At, Ambulatory.legs subcheliform_... 2. ~..2......-.... ellipticus (p. 149)
A?, Ambulatory legs not subcheliform_________.__________- limbatus (p. 150)
UHLIAS ELLIPTICUS Stimpson
PuaTE 36, Ficures 1, 2
Uhlias ellipticus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, p. 117, 1871
(type locality, Panama; type not extant).
Diagnosis —Carpal and propodal articles of ambulatories cristate,
the latter forming a process below against which the dactylus closes,
giving a subcheliform appearance. Bottom of pits on carapace not
granulate.
Description.—Upper surface of carapace, with the exception of the
central parts and the lateral expansions, covered with deep, rounded,
or elongated pits. The posterior pits are the largest, and six of them,
of a pentagonal or-rounded shape, are situated on the posterior part
of the branchial regions, three on each side. A large transverse pit
occupies the entire width of the intestinal region, following the poste-
150 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
rior margin. The pits on frontal and hepatic regions are elongated
in a direction parallel with the longitudinal axis of the body. Entire
surface, except bottoms of pits, granulate. Margins slightly waved
but nowhere distinctly toothed. Frontal margin thick, eyes small,
firmly embedded in their sockets. Intestinal margin straight.
Chelipeds and feet granulate; chelipeds short, with a crest on merus
and one on hand. Ambulatories compressed, with a laminiform
crest on merus and two similar crests on carpus and propodus; the
propodus is broadly expanded below, forming a process against which
the short dactylus retracts, thus giving a subcheliform appearance to
the extremities.
Measurements—Female type, Panama, length of carapace 5,
breadth 7.9 mm.
Range.—Mexico to Ecuador and Galapagos Islands.
Material exramined.—San Jose Island, Gulf of California, Mexico;
December 10, 1931; S. A. Glassell; 1 female (Glassell coll.).
Galapagos Islands; Velero IJJ, Hancock Expedition, 1933: Car-
tago Bay, Albemarle Island, February 13, 2 females (68261); Darwin
Bay, Tower Island, February 22, 1 female (68259).
UHLIAS LIMBATUS Stimpson
PLATE 36, FicurEs 3-5
Uhlias imbatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, p. 118, 1871.
(type locality, St. Thomas; type not extant).—RatTuBun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica,
vol. 1, p. 38, 1897.
Diagnosis.—Carpal and propodal articles of ambulatories flattened
above, not cristate; extremities not subcheliform. Bottom of pits on
carapace granulate.
Description.—Carapace, chelipeds and legs closely granulate.
Carapace moderately convex except toward the sides, which are
strongly projecting. Hepatic region limited from the branchial
region by an inconspicuous closed fissure. Cardiac region surrounded
except in front by a deep furrow which posteriorly follows the hind
margin of carapace. A deep circular pit on posterior part of branchial
region; swollen part of carapace surrounded on the sides by a shallow
concavity which deepens at its posterior extremity on branchial
region. Lateral margins waved but not distinctly toothed. Pos-
terior margin slightly convex. Merus of cheliped subtrigonal, not
lobate; manus very thick, lower margin convex, upper edge thin.
Third to fifth segments of male abdomen coalesced, proximal portion
of this compound segment with a median sulcus, surface swollen on
either side, anterior portion rising in a low median tubercle; penult
segment in the shape of a short hourglass; terminal segment trian-
gular, longer than broad, reaching a little into the buccal cavity.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 151
Measurements.—Female, type, St. Thomas, length of carapace 5.6,
breadth 8.1 mm; male (55203), length 4.6, breadth 6.7 mm.
Range.—Florida Straits to St. Thomas.
Material examined.—As follows:
Florida: Smith Shoal, west of Key West; 4 to 5 fathoms; Fish
Hawk; 1 female (55204). Key West harbor; temp. 73.5° F.; Decem-
ber 20, 1912; station 7793, Fish Hawk; 1 male (55203).
Cuba: Point Colorado, lat. 22°05’ N., long. 84°21’ W.; 2 to 3
fathoms; Sh. Grs.; station 10; Henderson and Bartsch; Tomas Barrera
expedition; 1 female (48522).
Jamaica: P. W. Jarvis; 1 male (19425).
Haiti: East coast of; lat. 19°09’50’’ N., long. 69°21’40’’ W.; 35
fathoms; February 16, 1933; station 53, Johnson-Smithsonian Expedi-
tion; 1 female (67823).
Subfamily PHILYRINAE, new name
Leucosiinae Atcock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 165, 1896 (part).
Iliinae (part) and Leucosiinae Inte, Die Decapoda der Siboga-Expedition,
Monogr. 3$b?, p. 205, 1918.
Carapace almost hemispherical, surface only slightly uneven. The
so-called frontal teeth are often well-developed inner-orbital angles.
A median frontal tooth may be present. Infraorbital lobe seldom
well developed, and usually the roof of the efferent branchial channel
reaches the same level. Epistome mostly reduced. The margins of
the mouth and of the pterygostome are chiefly or entirely in the
same transverse plane. Merus of external maxillipeds half or more
than half the leneth of the ischium measured along the inner border.
The first abdominal segment in female is often under the carapace.
Genus PERSEPHONA Leach
Persephona Leacu, Zoological miscellany, vol. 3, pp. 18, 22, 1817 [type, P.
latreillit Leach, 1817= Cancer punctatus Linnaeus, 1758 (partim)].
Guaia Mitne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 127, 1837
{type, Cancer punctatus Linnaeus, 1758 (partim) ].
Carapace ovoid or globular, terminating posteriorly in three
spines—two on the border and one median higher up. Surface
smooth or granular, regions not all demarcated. Front well delimited
from remainder of carapace; the dentiform prolongations of the
septa of the branchial channels project beyond it. Hepatic region,
the side wall of which commonly forms a distinct facet, generally
separated from branchial region by a broad notch in anterolateral
margin. Orbits deep, concealing the retracted eye; three sutures in
roof and outer wall very distinct; the floor coincides with roof of
buccal cavern. Antennae loosely lodged in gap at inner canthus of
orbit. Antennules folded obliquely. Buccal cavern elongate; the
152 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
acutely triangular merus of external maxillipeds is half or a little
more than half the length of ischium measured along inner edge; the
second article of the exognath has the outer margin more or less curved.
Chelipeds rather massive. Abdomen of male with segments 3-5
fused, of female with 4—6 fused.
New Jersey to Brazil; Lower California, Mexico, to Chile.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PERSEPHONA
A‘. Less than seven spines or teeth on posterior and lateral margins
of carapace.
B!. Only three spines on carapace.
C'. Subhepatic margin angled. Carapace subcircular.
D!. A broad blunt tooth at subhepatic angle. Granulation
fine. Front slightly produced_-_----_- punctata punctata (p. 152)
D?. A granule at subhepatic angle. Granulation coarse.
Front prominent==2 25. 2255. <= ~ see: punctata aquilonaris (p. 154)
C?, Subhepatic margin arcuate, not angled.
D!. Carapace subcircular; length and breadth equal, exclu-
sive of spine. Palm of female less than twice as long
SWC z ess = te le ae saline OY Seat eee aay Se ae edwardsii (p. 154)
D2. Carapace suboval, longer than broad, exclusive of
spine. Palm nearly three times as long as wide-_subovata (p. 158)
B?. Only five spines or teeth on carapace; a spine or tooth at sub-
hepatic angle.
C!. Subhepatic spine or tooth of male short, acute, denti-
FOUTS 8 ee yk a ee ds ee ee orbicularis (p. 160)
C2, Subhepatic spine of male long, cylindrical______---- townsendi (p. 160)
A?,. More than five marginal spines or teeth or tubercles, one of
which is at widest part of carapace.
B'. Seven lateral and posterior spines. Carapace slightly wider
than Jong; ispines. exeluded.< 2 _.ehiten3 eis 5 lichtensteinii (p. 163)
B?. Nine lateral and posterior spines, teeth or tubercles; a tooth
between subhepatic angle and widest part of carapace.
Carapace longer than wide, spines excluded.
C1. Nine excrescences short, tuberculiform___------------- crinita (p. 163)
C2, Seven spines, two tubercles_____----------------- finneganae (p. 161)
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF PERSEPHONA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PAcIFICc
punctata punctata. subovata.
PERSEPHONA PUNCTATA PUNCTATA (Linnaeus)
PLATE 42, Figures 2, 3
Guaia alia species? MARCGRAVE, in Piso and Marcgrave, Historia rerum natu-
ralis Brasiliae, p. 182, 1648.
Three thorned Crab Browne, The civil and natural history of Jamaica, p. 422,
pl. 42, fig. 3, 1756.
Cancer punctatus LinNAEvs, Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 630, 1758 (part)
(type localities, Asia; America). [Amboina (Rumphius) and Jamaica
(Browne).] Not C. punctatus Hersst, Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der
Krabben und Krebse, vol. 1, p. 89, pl. 2, figs. 15, 16, 1783, which is Myra
fugax.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMBERICA 153
Cangrejo Tortugas Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de historia natural
las mas del ramo maritimo, p. 137, pl. 51, fig. 2, 1787.
Cancer mediterraneus Hmrest, Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und
Krebse, vol. 2, p. 150, pl. 37, fig. 2, 1794 (type locality, Mediterranean Sea
{probably incorrect]).
Persephona latreillii Leacu, Zoological miscellany, vol. 3, p. 22, 1817 (locality
not given) [West Indies (Bell) ].18
Persephona lamarckiit Leacu, Zoological miscellany, vol. 3, p. 28, 1817 (locality
not given) [West Indies (Bell) ].!8
Guata punctata MILNE Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 127,
1837 (type locality, Antilles) ——DrsBonNE and Scuramm, Crustacés de la
Guadeloupe, ete., p. 53, 1867.
Persephona guaia Brut, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 292, 1855; name
substituted for Guaia punctata.
Persephona punctata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 70,
1859 (part: synonymy but not localities)—Ratusun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica,
vol. 1, p. 38, 1897; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 87,
1901 (part).—Boong, Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 2, p. 54, pl. 10, fig. B,
1930.
Persephone punctata VON Martens, Arch. fiir Naturg., vol. 38, p. 113, 1872.
In a revision of P. punctata it was found that the form inhabiting
the United States is different from that in the West Indies and South
America; there are a few instances of overlapping and therefore the
latest known form is made a subspecies of the typical or southern
form.
Diagnosis — Granulation fine. Subhepatic angle a broad blunt
tooth. Only 3 spines on carapace.
Description.—Carapace globular, with three sharp, stout, recurved
spines, one at either end of posterior margin and one median just
above posterior margin. On the upper surface of carapace are small
granules of unequal size, numerous but not crowded and _ barely
visible to the naked eye. Regions of carapace ill defined. Front
broadly bidentate, the spiniform angles of the branchial channels
can be seen beyond it in a dorsal view. Behind tip of front the antero-
lateral boundary of carapace is formed by the side wall of the sub-
hepatic region, which is continuous with upper surface of carapace
and bounded below by a line of granules, which ends posteriorly in
a shallow, blunt, obtuse-angled prominence or tooth. Between
hepatic and branchial regions there is a very shallow and ill-defined
sinus in margin. Above it the branchial margin begins and is marked
by a line of fine, crowded, bead granules extending as far as the pos-
terior margin, which is on a lower level and more coarsely granulate.
Chelipeds rather stout, about 1.75 times the length of carapace in
adult male. Arm cylindrical, tuberculate, and granulate, more
coarsely above than below, and proximally than distally. Wrist
and hand much smoother, very finely granulate above and below,
18 “Tt is also remarkable that Leach should have been unaware that those specimens were originally in
the Sloanian Collection, and therefore brought from the West Indies.” Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
vol. 21, p. 293, 1855.
154 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
coarsely granulate along margins. Palm nearly twice as long as
wide, flattened, and a little dilated. Dactylus as long as palm and
curved; prehensile edges of fingers finely denticulate, meeting for
the greater part of their length. Legs stoutish; propodus of first
pair reaches end of wrist; dactyli lanceolate, fringed with short hairs.
Color.—Sometimes a uniform dull blue without spots, sometimes
milky white with large russet or red spots very persistent and regu-
larly disposed on each side of the carapace. (Desbonne and Schramm.)
Measurements—Male (23007), length of carapace on median line
to tip of spine 49, width 43 mm.
Range.—West Indies to Brazil.
Material examined.—See table 47, page 155.
PERSEPHONA PUNCTATA AQUILONARIS Rathbun
Purse CRAB
PLATE 42, Figures 6, 7
Persephona punctata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 70,
1859 (part: Florida and South Carolina; not synonymy).—RatusBoun, Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 87, 1901 (part: northern species). —
Hay and SuHors, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 85 (1915-16), p. 423, pl. 32,
fig. 9, 1918 (part: not all synonymy).
Guaia punctata GisBes, Proc. 3d Meet. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 185 [21],
1850 (Charleston Harbor, S. C., and Georgia).
Persephona punctata aquilonaris RaATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46,
p. 184, 1933 (type locality, St. Augustine, Fla.; male holotype, U.S.N.M.
no. 62057).
Diagnosis.—Differs from P. punctata as follows: Carapace more
convex. Granulation coarser, plainly visible to naked eye, especially
prominent on the lateral margins. Subhepatic angle small, subacute,
tipped with a granule. Front narrower and more produced. Poste-
rior margin narrower, the three posterior spines slenderer.
Color.—Grayish brown, with darker irregular spots or marmora-
tions, the granules white or tinged with red. (Hay.)
Measurements —Male (18013), length of carapace on median line
to tip of spine 48, to base of spine 45.3, width 42 mm.
Range.—New Jersey to Texas, 2 to 17 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 48, page 156.
PERSEPHONA EDWARDSII Bell
Puate 45, Figures 3, 4
Persephona edwardsti Bru, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 294, pl. 31,
fig. 8, 1855 (type locality, Galapagos; types in Mus. Bell).—Sriupson, Ann.
Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 70, 1859.—Boong, Zoologica, vol. 8,
p. 284, fig. 101, 1927; not P. edwardsii Boone, 1930.
Diagnosis.—Three spines on carapace, forming nearly a right-
angled triangle. A distinct lateral line of granules. Palms less than
twice as long as wide.
155
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Description (after Bell).—Carapace nearly orbicular, somewhat pro-
duced and narrowed anteriorly, minutely punctate, covered, except
at the anterior portion, with very small distinct granules, of which a
distinct line borders the anterolateral portion; anterior margin waved,
the subhepatic angle obsolete, marked only by a slight elevation.
Front broad, slightly emarginate; lateral and posterior margin much
rounded, the spines placed in almost a right-angled triangle, nearly
equal, recurved at apex. Chelipeds with the arm everywhere tuber-
culated, the wrist slightly granulated on inner side, hand minutely
punctate. External maxillipeds as in P. orbicularis. Abdomen of
female slightly granulated at posterior and lateral portions.
Color.—Pale buff (Bell). 1n recent alcoholic specimens, red above,
bluish white below (Stimpson).
Measurements.—Type figured, length without spine 33 mm, breadth
the same.
Range.—Panama (Stimpson); Galapagos Islands (Bell); Ecuador.
Material examined.— Ecuador: Cape San Francisco; 2 fathoms; off
river mouth; mud and debris; February 11, 1934; Hancock Galapagos
Expedition, no. 215; 1 male, 1 female, 6 young (69292).
PERSEPHONA SUBOVATA (Rathbun)
Puate 43, Fiaurss 4, 5
Myra subovata Ratrusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 256, 1893 (type
locality, Albatross station 3014; type, U.S.N.M. no. 17385).
Persephona subovata RatuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 613, 1898.
Persephona edwardsii Boone, Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 2, p. 53, pl. 10, fig.
A, 1930; not P. edwardsii Bell, 1855.
Diagnosis. — Three spines on carapace. Front produced. Chelipeds
long and rather slender.
Description. —Carapace perceptibly longer than broad; front pro-
duced, ascending, its convexity continued backward on carapace and
accented by a depression on either side; teeth of front well marked,
inner margin longer than outer. Anterolateral margin of carapace
sinuous. A definite line of granules on lateral margins, visible from
above. Granules of dorsum small, depressed and widely separated
except on intestinal region. Posterior spines conical, subequal, the
median forming an obtuse angle with lateral pair. Chelipeds narrow,
in adult male three times as long as carapace minus spine; outer mar-
gin of palm nearly three times as long as wide; granules of merus
larger on proximal than distal half.
Measurements.—Largest male (22136), entire length of carapace 38;
without spine 34.2; width 29.2 mm.
Range.—Lower California, Mexico, to Bay of Panama; 20 to 52
fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 49, page 159.
159
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
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160 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PERSEPHONA ORBICULARIS Bell
PuaTE 45, Ficurss 5, 6
Persephona orbicularis Betu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 294, pl. 31,
fig. 7, 1855 (type locality, Valparaiso; unique type in Mus. Bell).—Boong,
Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 2, p. 56, pl. 11, 1930.
Diagnosis.—Five spines on carapace, the hepatic short, stout,
acute, the posterior spines slender. Carapace as broad as long,
exclusive of spine, and broader in hinder half.
Description (after Bell).—Carapace orbicular, anterolateral margin
slightly waved, regions rather distinct, surface somewhat punctate,
with numerous minute granules, which are more thickly crowded on
lateral margin and on posterior portion; front with a very slight
triangular notch; subhepatic angle produced into a distinct tubercle;
the three posterior spines short, acute, recurved, the upper one forming
with the two inferior almost a right angle. External maxillipeds
with the ischium of endognath grooved longitudinally, and in the
female the inner grooved portion separated from the outer by a
ciliated ridge. Chelipeds with the arm wholly tuberculated, the
wrist granulated; fingers the length of the palm. Abdomen of female
with the first 3 segments and the base and margin of the shield,
tuberculated.
Color.—Dull yellowish, regularly mottled with dull and pale red.
Measurement.—Type female, length of carapace including spine
38.1 mm.
Range.—Perlas Islands, Panama (Boone) to Valparaiso, Chile.
PERSEPHONA TOWNSENDI (Rathbun)
PLATE 42, Figure 1; Puate 43, Figure 1
Myra townsendi Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 255, 1893 (type
locality, Albatross station 3034; type, U.S.N.M. no. 17382).
Persephona townsendi Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 613, 1898;
vol. 38, pp. 594, 614, 1910.
Diagnosis.—Five spines on carapace, two subhepatic, three posterior,
the median one forming a right angle with the lateral.
Description—Male: Carapace exclusive of spine slightly longer
than broad, a cylindrical spine on the subhepatic angle, the three
posterior spines longer, recurved, the median spine forming a right
angle with the lateral; it is also a little the longer and slightly com-
pressed laterally. Granules on the dorsum well separated and on
the gastric region few and indistinct; crowded near and below the
lateral edge, where there is no single marginal line. Front with two
well defined teeth, sinus broad. Granules of merus of cheliped coarse
on proximal half, gradually becoming very fine on distal half.
Sternum granulate except for a bare patch at base of cheliped.
Female: A little more rotund than male. Subhepatic spine more
conical, posterior spines shorter.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 161
Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace, spine excluded,
31, width 28 mm. Female (69291), length 34, width 32.8 mm.
Range.—From Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador; 2 to 58
fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 50, page 162.
PERSEPHONA FINNEGANAE Rathbun
Figure 37; PLats 42, Fiaurss 4, 5
Persephona lichtensteint FINNEGAN, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 37, p.
614, fig. 2, 1931; not P. lichtensteint Leach, 1817, nor P. lichtensteinii Bell,
1855.
Persephona finneganae RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 184,
1933 (type locality, Sao Sebastiaéo, Brazil; holotype male, U. 8. N. M. no.
67989).
Diagnosis.—Seven strong spines, one hepatic (paired) and one at
widest part of carapace (paired); of the posterior spines the median
reaches half again as far back as the lateral pair.
FIGURE 37.—Persephona finneganae, male, type (Brit. Mus.): Carapace, 3.
Description.—Carapace, exclusive of spines, slightly longer than
wide; subglobular, posterior half narrower than anterior. Surface
covered with coarse, separated granules on a ground of fine, close
granulation interspersed with punctae. Intestinal region partially
defined by shallow furrows; two pairs of short, thumbnail, almost
longitudinal indentations just behind the middle of carapace. Seven
slender, acute spines; the hepatic are more triangular than the bran-
chial spines and of subequal length; between them, but nearer the
branchial spine there is a low, blunt tooth; of the posterior spines the
pair on the posterior border are a little longer than the hepatic spines;
the median or intestinal spine is about one and one-half times the
length of the posterior lateral spines and forms a right angle with
them. In a small specimen from Trinidad (66784) the median spine
is longer and heavier than the other spines, being twice as long as the
neighboring spines.
19 Dr. Finnegan overlooked Bell’s description and figure.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 163
Measurements.—Male holotype, entire length of carapace 37, length
without spine 34, entire breadth 37, breadth without spines 32.2 mm.
Male (Trinidad), length 17.5, breadth 17, spines excluded (Gordon
in litt.).
Range.—West Indies to Brazil. 3 to 17 fathoms,
Material excamined.—See table 51, page 162.
PERSEPHONA LICHTENSTEINII Leach
Puate 45, Ficures 1, 2
Persephona lichtensteinii Lracu, Zoological miscellany, vol. 3, p. 23, 1817 (type
locality not given; types, male and female, in Brit. Mus.)—Bertt, Trans.
Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 293, pl. 31, fig. 6, 1855. Not P. lichtensteini
Finnegan, 1931.
Diagnosis—Three posterior spines of good length, forming an
equilateral triangle. A short tooth at subhepatic angle and another
at middle of lateral margin. Arm wholly granulate.
Description (after Bell).—Carapace orbicular, depressed, sparsely
granulated; subhepatic angle produced into a prominent tubercle
or tooth; another on lateral margin on each side; between them is a
row of 10 large contiguous bead granules; three posterior spines equal,
so placed as to form the points of an equilateral triangle. Front
broad, nearly straight. External maxillipeds with the inner stalk
in the male nearly plain, with only a slight longitudinal groove; in
the female more deeply grooved toward inner margin. Chelipeds
more slender than in punctata, orbicularis, and edwardsit; arm wholly
covered with tubercles, very large at proximal end, becoming much
smaller at distal end; a line of granules on outer side of wrist.
Measurements.—Length of carapace of male 26, width 26.4 mm,
spines excluded (Gordon in litt.).
Range.—Known only from 2 specimens, male and female, in
British Museum; female is type (Leach). Locality not known.
PERSEPHONA CRINITA Rathbun
Pate 43, Fiaurss 2, 3; Puate 44, Ficures 1-3
Persephona crinita Rarusun, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 21, p. 128,
pl. 2, 1931 (type locality, Horn Island Pass, Miss., about 3 fathoms; holotype
male and paratype female, U. S. N. M. no. 63739).
Diagnosis.—A tubercle on lateral margin at middle or widest
part; another less than halfway to hepatic protuberance. No definite
marginal line.
Description.—Male: Carapace slightly longer than broad, more
convex from side to side than anteroposteriorly; front little pro-
duced; hinder end with three similar, short, conical spines, the
median one forming an angle not much in excess of a right angle.
Dorsal surface covered with a dense coating of short, hooked hairs
that conceal the small and widely separated bead granules; granula-
tion denser near lateral and posterior borders and continued on lower
164 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
surface of carapace where it is finer behind the hepatic region. A
granular tubercle on subhepatic protuberance and two on lateral
margin, one of which is at widest point of carapace and the outer
anterolateral. Front almost transverse, forming a very wide V,
median sulcus deep.
Outer maxillipeds sparingly granulate, inner two-thirds of ischium
smooth. Chelipeds narrow, less than twice as long as carapace,
pubescent; merus slightly constricted near carpus, coarsely granulate
except for a smooth patch on the distal two-fifths above and below.
Carpus and manus finely granulate along outer margin; dactylus a
little longer than outer margin of manus. Legs pubescent above on
merus, carpus and propodus; dactylus fringed with hair on either
side. Sternum coarsely granulate, interstices pubescent. Abdomen
very narrow, first three segments granulate.
Female: Lateral tubercles less prominent than in male, obsolescent;
lateral posterior spines farther apart, forming a greater angle with
median spine; posterior margin more produced at middle.
Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 22.3, width
21.6 mm; female paratype, length 24, width 22.8 mm.
Range.—Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; 3 to 34 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 52, page 165.
Genus MYROPSIS Stimpson
Myropsis Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 156, 1871 (type, M.
quinquespinosa Stimpson).—A. Mitne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 8, p. 21, 1880.
Carapace subglobular, narrowed anteriorly; cardiac and intestinal
regions defined; five posterior spines. The anterior extremity of the
septa of the branchial channels does not extend beyond orbits.
Basal article of antennules indurated and crested. Chelipeds very
long and slender. Male abdominal segments 3-6 fused.
Massachusetts to Venezuela.
MYROPSIS QUINQUESPINOSA Stimpson
Puiatse 46, Ficures 1-3
Myropsis quinquespinosa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 157, 1871
(type localities, Tennessee Reef, Florida Keys, 21 and 82 fathoms; types
not extant)—A. Ming Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 21,
1880.—A. MritnE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
27, p. 110, 1902.
Myropsis constricta A. M1tNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 21,
1880 (type locality, Barbados, 100 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.).—A. MILNE
Epwarkps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 110, pl. 21,
figs. 4-6; pl. 22, figs. 1-5, 1902.
Myropsis goliath A. M1LNe Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 21, 1880
(type locality, Cariacou, Windward Islands, 163 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.).—
A. Mitnge Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 111,
pl. 21, figs. 1-3, 1902.
165
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
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166 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Diagnosis.—Three tubercles on anterolateral margin, one at widest
part of carapace, one hepatic, one between the two. Front bidentate.
Five posterior spines.
Description.— Body and appendages everywhere granulated except
the ambulatory dactyls. Carapace, exclusive of spine, a little longer
than wide; intestinal and cardiac regions defined by rather deep fur-
rows on either side; hepatic region slightly swollen; cervical sulcus
partially defined at hepatic region; granules of surface distant from
one another by spaces equal to two or three times their diameter;
anterolateral margin slightly sinuous. Of the five posterior spines,
the median one is intestinal; the intermediate pair is marginal and
in the adult equally long and more evenly conical; the outer pair very
small, with tip strongly upturned, is situated on the branchial region
over the insertion of the posterior legs. There is a tubercle at middle
of lateral margin and another on the hepatic margin; also between
the two and directly behind the hepatic suture a small granulated
tubercle. Frontal teeth elevated, tips subacute.
Merus of chelipeds cylindrical, longer than carapace exclusive of
spine, granules densely crowded; granules of hand smaller, also
crowded; hand broader than thick, upper face nearly three times as
long as wide; fingers longer than palm, armed within with minute
and acute teeth varying in size. Ambulatory feet naked (except
dactyli), cylindrical, and microscopically granulated; those of first
pair one and two-thirds times as long as carapace; dactyli with two
fringes of hair on upper and outer surface.
Variation.—In size of granules, especially noticeable on the an-
terior part of the undersized type of M. constricta, which in no other
way differs from the average quinquespinosa. In immature speci-
mens the median spine is usually longer than the posterior marginal
pair.
In one specimen from off Puerto Rico the spines of the postero-
lateral pair are longer than those of the posterior pair and inter-
mediate in length between the posterior pair and the median spine,
the latter being longer than in typical specimens.
Color.—Yellowish white with a very delicate pinkish tint in legs
and pincers; light brownish yellow on first joints of legs. Pure white
beneath. (Henderson.) Buff to buff yellow on proximal and distal
extremities of leg articles and margins of carapace; front between
eyes darker, almost orange-ochraceous. (W. L. Schmitt.)
Measurements.—Male (66484), length of carapace 45.6, width 40;
length of cheliped, outer edge, 106 mm. Largest male (Caracas),
length from tip of frontal tooth to middle of posterior margin, 68.2;
from median sinus to tip of median spine, 71.8, width 65 mm.
(Copenhagen Mus.).
Range.—Massachusetts to Venezuela. 50-572 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 53, page 168.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 167
Genus PHILYRA Leach
Philyra Leacu, Zoological miscellany, vol. 3, p. 18, 1817 [type, P. scabriuscula
(Fabricius, 1798) = ? Cancer cancellus Herbst, 1783].
Carapace usually circular and somewhat depressed, dorsal surface
generally bounded by a continuous beaded line; hepatic and branchial
regions usually fairly well defined. Front broad, truncate, the whole
or the greater part of the edge of buccal cavern being seen beyond it
in dorsal view. Buccal orifice transversely oblong, with anterior
angles broadly rounded; exognath broadly dilated, outer and anterior
borders forming parts of one wide curve; merus of endognath narrowly
and acutely triangular, length of inner border not much less than that
of the broad ischium. Orbits small and sunken, with 2 sutures in
upper wall, and a hiatus at inner angle, where the minute antennal
flagellum stands; antennules folding transversely. Chelipeds sym-
metrical and, relatively to the legs, very massive; legs small. Abdo-
men of male consists of three or four pieces, that of the female of four.
(After Alcock.)
With one exception, known only from the waters of the Eastern
Hemisphere.
PHILYRA PISUM De Haan
Puate 47, Ficurss 1, 2
Philyra pisum [pisun, by error] Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 131,
pl. 33, fig. 7, 1841 (type locality, Japan; type not located).—Brtt, Trans.
Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 300, 1855.—Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Abt.
Syst.), vol. 6, p. 582, pl. 26, fig. 16, 1892.—Catman, Ann. New York Acad.
Sci., vol. 11, p. 262, 1898.
Diagnosis—Front little shorter than epistome; pterygostomian
region medially angulate; carapace granulate; chela of male exceeding
carapace by half its length; fingers with five longitudinal sulci, ner
margin denticulate.
Description.—Length and breadth of male subequal, length greater
than breadth in female. A median carina of granulated tubercles on
gastric region; granules sparsely scattered on carapace, especially on
branchial and gastric regions. A raised granulate line on lateral and
posterior margins; posterior margin truncate in male, slightly arcuate
in female, terminating in obtuse angles. Front with shallow emar-
gination. Exognath finely granulate; sternum of male smooth except
on margins. Chelipeds minutely granulate, granules interspersed
with short, smooth, transverse lines; margins coarsely granulate;
merus broadest at middle, almost smooth below. Segments 3-6 of
male fused, sutures not wholly obliterated.
Color.—Dark olivaceous.
Measurements.—Male (17564), length 22, breadth 22.3 mm; female
(17564), length 19, breadth 18.2 mm.
Range.—Japan; Korea; Philippines; Puget Sound, one specimen
(Calman; whereabouts of specimen undetermined).
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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170 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus LEUCOSILIA Bell
Leucosilia Brut, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 295, 1855 [type, L. jurinet
(Saussure)].
Carapace orbicular, subglobose, front with two divergent teeth;
intestinal region unidentate. Antennular fossae oblique, hollowed
out of the frontal teeth. Three orbital fissures. Exognath of outer
maxillipeds slightly curved, margins parallel, apex obtuse. Chelipeds
robust, of medium length. Abdomen of male with segments 3-5
coalesced, penult segment unispinous; abdomen of female broadly
ovate, strongly convex.
West coast of America; Indian Ocean.
LEUCOSILIA JURINEI (Saussure)
Puate 48, Fiaures 1-8
Guaia (Ilia) jurinei SaussurE, Rev. Mag. Zool., no. 8, p. 65 [12], pl. 13, fig. 4-4b,
1853 (type locality, Mazatlan, Mexico; type in Geneva Mus.).
Leucosilia jurinii Bre.u, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 2, p. 295, pl. 32, fig. 1,
1855.—Stimpson, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 471, 1857; Ann. Lyc.
Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 69 [23], 1859.
Leucosilia jurinei RaTHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 552, pl. 45, fig. 1,
1910.—Boong, Zoologica, vol. 8, p. 283, fig. 100, 1927; Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., vol. 58, p. 583, fig. 18, 1929.
Diagnosis.—Surface everywhere granulate; carapace without spines.
A short protuberance on intestinal region, two prominences on hepatic
region.
Description.—Carapace convex, sides rounded, surface covered with
large contiguous granules except on the frontal and part of the hepatic
regions, which are covered with a pavement of minute flattened
granules. A low, blunt elevation on hepatic, a triangular prominence
on subhepatic region. A stout tubercle or tooth on the intestinal
region; posterior margin curved, slightly projecting. Abdomen of
male very long; penult segment shorter than terminal one, its spine
overlapping the fused segment; abdomen of female with a broad
central carina. Abdomen and sternum coarsely granulate. Cheli-
peds half as long again as carapace, arm coarsely granulate, wrist and
chela finely so; palm short and thick, fingers slightly curved, armed
with small denticles on the inner edge; tips crossing.
Measurements.—Male (20672), length of carapace 20, width 18.2
mm; female (39102), length 17.5, width 17.6 mm.
Range.—West coast of Mexico to Peru; Galapagos Islands.
Material examined.—As follows:
Mexico: West coast; Forrer collector; 1 male, 1 female (6725,
Berlin Mus.).
Nicaragua: Realejo; Orsted collector; 1 male (20672), 2 males
(Copenhagen Mus.). Corinto; J. A. McNiel; 2 females (6449,
MC, Zi).
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 171
Costa Rica: Punta Arenas; P. Biolley; February 1907; 2 males,
2 females (39102); gift of J. Fid Tristan.
Panama: Hassler Expedition; 2 females (6450, M. C. Z.). Pearl
Islands, Panama Bay; S. Garman; April 1875; 1 male (6451, M. C. Z.).
Peru: Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon); R. E. Coker; Jan-
uary 23, 1908; 1 male, 1 female (40444); gift of Peruvian Government.
Genus RANDALLIA Stimpson
Randallia Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 85, 1857 (type,
R. ornata Randall); Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 471, 1857.—MzkErs,
Voyage of H. M. 8S. Challenger, Brachyura, vol. 17, p. 316, 1886.—Atucock,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 191, 1896.
Carapace circular and convex, almost globular; front narrow,
usually broadly bidentate, and somewhat sunk behind the level of
the front edge of buccal cavern. Subhepatic or pterygostomian
regions convex and puffed out. A broad vertical interval between
the orbits and the edge of buccal cavern. Surface of carapace usually
covered with vesicular or pustulous granules, but these are some-
times visible only with a lens. Regions usually, but not always,
distinctly demarcated by grooves. Posterior margin generally, but
not always, armed with spines or petaloid lobules or tubercles. Upper
edge of orbits deeply emarginate, a wide gap at inner canthus, and
three very distinct sutures in the upper-outer wall. The antennules
fold obliquely; antennae loosely lodged in the inner canthus of the
orbits. Exognath not dilated, outer margin almost straight; merus of
endognath about two-thirds the length of ischium measured on inner
edge. Chelipeds either massive or moderately stout, of moderate length;
fingers stout, less than twice as long, or nearly as long as hand, which is
usually much less than half the length of carapace. (After Alcock.)
California to Peru; Pacific Islands; Indian Ocean; Curagao; [south]
Trinidad Island, Brazil; shallow water to 350 fathoms.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS RANDALLIA
Al, Five protuberances on posterior part of carapace, including one
on intestinal region.
B!, Three well-separated tubercles on lateral margin of cara-
pace, aside from the spine on posterolateral margin.
C!, Chelipeds of male one and one-half times as long as cara-
pace. Carapace granulate, distinctly longer than
EO 2 ee te ts a ee Eel ati ornata (p. 172)
C?. Chelipeds of male nearly three times as long as carapace.
Carapace smooth, about as broad as long______-_-_- laevis (p. 177)
B?. A row of several tubercles or large granules on anterolateral
margin.
C!, Carapace with large, globular tubercles. Edge of efferent
branchial channel -trilobedi._ 2-22-32 ae bulligera (p. 176)
C2, Carapace with large granules on a background of fine ones.
Edge of efferent branchial channel entire. Front pro-
Gucedsss2. 2522 ee ee es Se americana (p. 182)
80232—37———12
172 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
A?. No protuberance on median line of intestinal region.
B!. A smooth cap on rostrum and round plate on hepatic region_minuta (p. 179)
B?. No smooth cap on rostrum nor round plate on hepatic region.
C!. Four posterior lobes on carapace. Tubercles mushroom-
shaped’. 20s AcL ee ee ee eee agaricias (p. 178)
C*. No posterior lobes on carapace. Margin of efferent channel
trilobed£? i415: 23% 222 SRA) of eae ee curacaoensis (p. 182)
RANDALLIA ORNATA (Randall)
PuatTe 49, Ficurss 1, 2
Ilia ornata RANDALL, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, p. 129, 1839
(type locality, California; type not extant).
Guaia ornata GiBBEs, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, p. 186 [22], 1850.
Randallia ornata Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 85, 1857;
Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 471 (31), pl. 20 (not 19), fig. 3, 1857;
Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 69 [23], 1859.—Wzr8yYmoutH,
Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. no. 4, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 3, 1910.—Scumirt,
Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, p. 188, fig. 116, 1921.
Diagnosis —Carapace distinctly longer than wide. Carapace gran-
ulate. Branchiohepatic groove shallow. Two pairs of posterior
protuberances triangular, acute.
Description.—Carapace slightly longer than broad; generally smooth
to the naked eye but very finely granulated; posterior margin promi-
nent, coarsely granulate and armed with two short, stout spines;
above, a row of three very short, distant spines or tubercles, one in-
testinal, the others branchial. A row of pits defines the branchial
region. Hepatic region angular, forming on obtuse tooth below; on
the subhepatic or pterygostomian region there is a long, shallow, blunt
lobe and behind these, but on an intermediate level, a row of three,
or sometimes more, small anterolateral tubercles not far apart. An-
terior part of carapace with a blunt median carina. Frontal teeth
high, coarsely granulate. Basal article of antennule thin, cristate,
forming an operculum covering half the fossa. Prolongation of septum
of branchial channel trilobed. Chelipeds of male one and one-half
times as long as carapace; merus rough with coarse granules; manus
broad and thick, like the carapace smooth to naked eye; dactylus
somewhat longer. Abdomen, segments 3-5 fused, 1 and 2 granulate,
2 with a spinule at either end.
In the young, granules are coarser and crowded, unequal in size.
This feature is sometimes continued in larger specimens up to 33 mm
long (immature female, 5167).
Color—Carapace variegated with sanguineous spots, confluent an-
teriorly ; chelipeds variegated with red.
Measurements.—Male (3101), length of carapace 56, width 53.2
mm.
Range——From Mendocino County, Calif., to Magdalena Bay,
Lower California, Mexico; 514 to 51 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 54, page 173.
173
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176 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
RANDALLIA BULLIGERA Rathbun
FiacureE 38; Puate 50, Ficurss 1, 2
Randallia bulligera RaTuBuN, Proc. U. 8. Nat Mus., vol. 21, p. 614, pl. 44, fig 6,
1898 (type locality, Magdalena Bay, 12 fathoms; holotype, U.S.N.M. no.
21600); Harriman Alaska Expedition, vol. 10, p. 70, 1904.—Houmss, Occ.
Pap. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, p. 101, 1900. (Not Weymouth, Stanford
Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. no. 4, p. 19, 1910.)
Diagnosis.—Carapace subcircular, tuberculate; tubercles large,
globular, separate. Branchiohepatic groove deep. Two pairs of
posterior protuberances broad and blunt.
Description.—Carapace very slightly longer than broad, dorsally
covered, except on the frontal region and the branchio-hepatic,
FIGURE 38.—Randallia bulligera, male (21600): Carapace 11.6 mm long.
cardiac, and intestinal grooves, with large, smooth, rounded, bead-
like tubercles of different sizes and distinctly separated from one
another; intervening space pubescent. On the median line of the
intestinal region a little behind the middle, a short tubercle composed
of two or three smaller ones. Four posterior lobes, two branchial,
two on posterior margin; the middle two farther from each other
than they are from the lateral; lobes much shorter in female than in
male. Pterygostomian region with a prominent blunt tuberculated
projection. Front distinctly 2-lobed. Sternum and abdomen covered
with large tubercles. Maxillipeds with a longitudinal row of tuber-
cles through the middle of endognath and exognath; anterior half
pubescent. Prolongation of septum of branchial channel deeply
trilobed; exognath not reaching beyond base of lobes. Merus of
chelipeds covered with pointed tubercles; intervening spaces granu-
late; length about three-fourths the width of carapace in male, one-
half in female; distal half slightly smaller than proximal. Carpus and
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 177
propodus granulate; fingers a little shorter than outer margin of palm.
Legs finely granulate; dactyli with pubescent margins.
Measurements.—Male holotype: Length on median line 11.6;
width 11.5 mm. Ovigerous female: Length 12.8; width 12.6 mm.
Range.—California to Peru.
Material examined.—See table 55, page 180.
RANDALLIA LAEVIS (Borradaile)
FIGURE 39
Persephona (Myropsis) laevis BoRRADAILE, British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Ex-
pedition, 1910, Zool., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 107, fig. 16, 1916 (type locality, South
Trinidad Island, Brazil; type in Brit. Mus.).
Diagnosis.—Chelipeds nearly three times as long as carapace. Five
posterior protuberances; three short, blunt, marginal, branchial
spines and one hepatic.
FIGURE 39.—Randallia laevis, male holotype: Carapace, 24mm long. After Borradaile.
Description.—Carapace longer than broad, smooth, and minutely
pitted except on the hinder edge, where it is granulate; with a marked
median keel, indications of the regions, and a very shallow notch
between hepatic and branchial regions. Front with a median notch
between two slightly swollen projections; its edge fringed with hair,
barely hiding mouth-frame. Fissures of orbit well marked. Of
five spines in hinder region of carapace all somewhat upcurved,
median and laterals fairly slender, intermediates little more than
rectangular corners of hinder edge. Besides these, three blunt
178 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
spines on branchial and one on hepatic region. Exopodite of third
maxilliped about as wide as endopodite, its outer edge gently curved.
All legs quite smooth and unarmed. Chelipeds of male a little less
than three times length of carapace; fingers finely but irregularly
toothed, gaping a little at base, nearly as long as palm, which is
about one-third as wide again as wrist. Walking legs short, slender,
about one-fifth longer than arm of cheliped; dactylopodite equal to
propodite with about half of carpopodite. (Borradaile.)
Measurement.—Male, length of carapace 24 mm.
Type locality—Trinidad Island, off Brazil (latitude 20°30’ S.,
longitude 29°20’ W.). Only one specimen known, to all appearances
picked up dead on shore.
RANDALLIA AGARICIAS Rathbun
Fiaure 40; Puate 50, Fiacures 3, 4
Randallia agaricias RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 614, pl. 44, fig.
7, 7a, 1898 (type locality, off Cape St. Lucas, 31 fathoms; holotype, U. S.
N. M. no. 21601).
Diagnosis.—Carapace subcircular, covered with mushroom tuber-
cles. A deep hollow either side of anterior carina. The lobes of
middle pair of posterior protuberances nearly meet; those of outer
pair minute.
F1GuRE 40.—Randallia agaricias, male holotype (21601), X 2: a, Side view of two tubercles enlarged.
Description.—Carapace slightly longer than broad. Posterior
two-thirds convex and covered with large tubercles, which have
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 179
slightly convex surfaces and are mounted on short thickened stalks
like mushrooms. On the anterior third a median ridge extends
from the front across the gastric region; on either side is a hollow;
surface covered with depressed granules. Hepatic region convex;
pterygostomian region bluntly angular; neither is armed. Intesti-
nal region distinctly outlined. Posterior margin with two broad
rounded tuberculate lobes; posterolateral margin of branchial region
with a smaller tuberculate lobe. Frontal margin with a blunt tooth
at eitherend. Abdomen and sternum covered with beadlike tubercles;
the maxillipeds with large irregular tubercles. The branchial chan-
nels are equally advanced with the orbital wall, margin entire.
Chelipeds covered with tubercles similar to those of carapace; the
largest ones on merus and outer surface of carpus and propodus.
Length of merus about equal to width of carapace; dactylus less than
two-thirds length of outer margin of propodus; latter rather narrow,
width less than half exterior length. Legs granulate, with marginal
rows of mushroom granules.
Measurements.—Largest male, median length 9.2, width 9 mm;
larger female, median length 8.2, width 8.1 mm.
Range.—Mexico to Ecuador; 3 to 55 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 56, page 181.
RANDALLIA MINUTA Rathbun
PuLaTE 84
Randallia minuta RatTHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, p. 2, 1935.
Type locality. —Puerto Culebra, Costa Rica; dredging around isles
in bay; February 25, 1934; station 257, Velero JJ, Hancock Galapagos
Expedition; 1 male (U.S.N.M. no. 69745).
Diagnosis.—Size small. A smooth cap over the bidentate front.
A raised flat plate on hepatic region. Jour minute posterior promi-
nences in male, absent in female.
Description.—Male: Carapace coarsely granulate except in the
depressions between regions, and the front and hepatic region. These
last are elevated and nearly smooth; the cap over the front has two
teeth projecting forward and two backward, which are directly behind
the front teeth. The hepatic region is covered by a round flat plate.
Two small shallow lobes on posterior margin, and an equally small but
more pointed lobe on posterolateral margin. Lower surface granulate.
Merus of chelipeds coarsely granulate, carpus and manus finely so.
Ovigerous female: Posterior margin straight and adjacent margin
slightly concave; neither has projecting lobes or teeth. Margin of
posterior lobes of frontal cap more rounded than in male.
Measurements—Male, length of carapace 4, width 4.2, length of
manus 1.7, width 1 mm. Female, length of carapace 4.5, width
4.7 mm.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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182 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Range.—Costa Rica to Panama.
Material examined.— Besides the male type above, one female was
taken at Secas Islands, Panama, in 15 fathoms, southwest of group;
nullipores; February 22, 1934; station 251, Velero III, Hancock
Galapagos Expedition (69746).
RANDALLIA CURACAOENSIS Rathbun
Puate 51, Fiaurss 1-3
Randallia curacaoensis RatHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 35, p. 101,
1922 (type locality, Curagao; holotype in Amsterdam Museum); Bijdragen
tot de Dierkunde, Amsterdam, vol. 23, p. 13, pl. 3, fig. 1-8, 1924
Diagnosis—No protuberances on posterior part of carapace.
Front bilobed. Margin of efferent channel trilobed.
Description —Female: Carapace subcircular, covered, except on the
anterior and anterolateral portions, with large, unequal, close-set,
pustulous granules; intestinal region well defined, cardiac region 11]
defined, gastric and hepatic regions not delimited. A granulated
tubercle on the hepatic region. The tuberculate anterolateral margin
terminates at the swollen and tuberculate pterygostomian protuber-
ance. Intestinal margin arcuate, without lobes or spines. Front
distinctly bilobed. Septum of branchial channel extending slightly
beyond the orbit, the edge with three shallow lobes, the inner sinus
shallow and arcuate, the outer one narrow and tapering to a point.
Chelipeds covered with flat granulations, coarse on the merus, becom-
ing gradually finer until near the fingers. Legs slender, subcylindrical,
finely granulate. Abdomen and exposed part of sternum of female
coarsely granulate.
Measurements——Female holotype, length of carapace 8.4, width
7.5 min.
Range-—Known only from the type locality, Spanish Water,
Curagao; April 3, 1920; C. J. van der Horst collector; 1 ovigerous
female, holotype (Amsterdam Mus.), 1 immature female, paratype
(56907).
RANDALLIA AMERICANA (Rathbun)
Puate 52, Ficurss 1, 2
Ebalia americana RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 254, 1893 (type
locality, Gulf of California, 29 fathoms; holotype, U.S.N.M. no. 17388).
Randallia americana RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 614, 1898.
Diagnosis.—Carapace longer than broad, covered with tubercles
and granules. Front advanced, subtruncate. Hepatic and pterygo-
stomian regions prominent. Five well-developed posterior protuber-
ances.
Description.—Entire surface of carapace granular, the small gran-
ules crowded; on the posterior two-thirds large granules or tubercles
predominate; they are acute, prominent, unequal. Cardiac and
intestinal regions separated by deep grooves from the branchial region
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 183
and from each other; a large, pointed, granular tubercle on the median
line of intestinal region. In the male the four posterior marginal
protuberances are strong, the middle pair flattened, horizontal, blunt,
the branchial pair more conical, acute and inclined upward; in the
female the protuberances are shorter. A small cluster of large granules
at summit of hepatic region and also on the pterygostomian promi-
nence. A row of tubercles on anterolateral margin of branchial
region. Rostrum upturned; carapace narrowed just behind orbits.
The efferent branchial channel does not reach forward to the line of
the orbital margin. Lower surface of body and also the merus of
chelipeds covered with large depressed granules. Chelipeds of male
about two and one-half, of female about one and one-half times the
length of carapace; wrist and palm with small crowded granules;
merus of legs more finely granulate; the fourth pair has a row of spiny
granules below. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of male abdomen
partially fused, the sutures persisting.
Measurements.—Holotype, male, median length of carapace 12.5;
width 11; length of cheliped about 30 mm.
Range.—Gulf of California, Mexico; 9% to 71 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 57, page 184.
Subfamily LEUCOSIINAE ” (restricted)
Iliinae Aucock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 166, 1896 (part).—
Inte, Die Decapoda Brachyura der Siboga-Expedition, monogr. 39b?, p.
205, 1918 (part).
Merus of external maxillipeds less than half the length of the
ischium measured along the inner border. Fingers slender, almost
of the same diameter from base to near tip, either very much longer
than the hand, or if shorter than the hand then of filiform slender-
ness; either opening and closing in a vertical plane, or if in a nearly
horizontal plane then the tip of the dactylus is movable through an
arc of about 120°; hands either short, swollen, and subglobular, or
tapering-cylindrical with a swollen base, always much broader at the
base than at the point of origin of the fingers.
Genus ILIACANTHA Stimpson
Iliacantha Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 155, 1871 (type, J. globosa
Stimpson).
Carapace globular, having three spines (one median) at posterior
extremity of carapace. Anterior half of carapace unarmed or with
one spine on either side. Chelipeds and legs very slender; palms
twisted so that the fingers open in a vertical instead of a horizontal
plane. The anterior extremities of the pterygostomian channels pro-
ject beyond the orbits. Abdomen of male with segments 3-5 fused.
North Carolina to Bahia, Brazil; Lower California to Colombia.
10 Leucosia pacifica Poeppig, Arch. fiir Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 140, pl. 4, fig. 3, 1836, from Bay of Talca-
huano, Chile, is a pinnotherid. See also footnote 17, p. 123.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 185
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS ILIACANTHA
A'. No spine on subhepatic margin.
B!. Fingers distinctly longer than palm.
C!, Spines of posterior margin subtriangular, blunt____subglobosa (p. 185)
C2, Spines of posterior margin conical, acute.
D!. Median spine twice as long as lateral. Chelipeds 2%
timesvas long as carapaces.—- 2-2-2 ea ne ee liodactylus (p. 186)
D?. Median spine one and one-half times as long as lateral.
Chelipeds twice as long as carapace___________- hancocki (p. 187)
B?, Fingers subequal to palm in length________________~ intermedia (p. 186)
A?, A short, blunt spine on subhepatic margin.
B!. Posterior margin between lateral spines invisible in dorsal
view. Carapace with many large granules__--_-_--_- sparsa (p. 190)
B?. Posterior margin between lateral spines visible in dorsal view.
Carapace for the most part finely granulate_________ schmitti (p. 192)
ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PACIFIC
liodactylus. hancocki.
sparsa. schmitti.
ILIACANTHA SUBGLOBOSA Stimpson
PuaTE 53, Ficurss 1, 2
Iliacantha subglobosa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 155, 1871
(type localities, 3 stations in the Florida reefs, 40-80 fathoms; types not
extant).—RaTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 291,
1898; vol. 9, p. 67, 1921—Hay and Suorg, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35
(1915-16), p. 424, pl. 32, fig. 2, 1918.
Diagnosis.—Carapace finely granulate. Fingers longer than palm.
Description.—Carapace subglobose, smoothly and evenly convex,
and unarmed except at posterior extremity where there are three
spines, the middle one highest, longest, and curved upward and the
lateral ones flattened, subtriangular, blunt. Hepatic region consider-
ably swollen but entirely unarmed; bounded posteriorly by a depres-
sion indicating the outer extremity of the cervical suture, which is
entirely obsolete in its median portion. Intestinal region slightly
protuberant above the base of the spine. Margin of carapace
distinct and somewhat acute on the hepatic region and on the anterior
part of the branchial, as far as a slight angular projection, posterior
to which it ceases to be defined. Surface of carapace minutely
granulate. Chelipeds two and a half times as long as carapace,
excluding spine, and minutely granulate; merus more sharply
granulate than carpus and hand; fingers very slender, much longer
than the palm, and armed within with needlelike teeth. Ambulatory
legs very slender and smooth, those of first pair reaching to middle
of palm of the chelipeds; merus as long as the terminal three articles
taken together; dactyli deeply grooved and with two fringes of hair
186 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
near together on upper and posterior surfaces. Male abdomen
gradually tapering from fifth to seventh segment.
Measurements.—Male (55193), length of carapace to tip of spine
15.2, width 12.6 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to Barbados; 15 to 127 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 58, page 188.
ILIACANTHA INTERMEDIA Miers
Puate 54, Fiaurss 1, 2
Iliacantha intermedia Mimrs, Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger, Brachyura, vol. 17,
p. 302, pl. 26, fig. 3, 1886 (type locality, Bahia; type in Brit. Mus.).—
Hay and Snore, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 424, pl.
32, figs. 3, 3a, 1918.
Diagnosis.—Carapace coarsely granulate. Fingers much shorter
than palm.
Description Similar to J. subglobosa but with more coarsely
granulate carapace; posterior marginal spines short, flat, triangular,
connected by a prominent line of granules. Intestinal region not
protuberant above the spine. Indentations of distal end of ptery-
gostomian channel wider and deeper than in subglobosa. Chelipeds
slender; merus cylindrical and granulate, granules much coarser
proximally; chela nearly as long as carapace, manus smooth, more or
less club-shaped, somewhat inflated proximally but tapering rapidly
to the very slender fingers which are about half the length of palm,
incurved at tip and denticulate on their occludent margins. Male
abdomen widening at sixth segment, which has convex sides.
Color —Gray, without markings of any kind (Hay and Shore).
Measurements—Female, St. Thomas (Copenhagen Mus.), length
of carapace 26.6, width 21 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to Bahia, Brazil; 5% to 20 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 59, page 189.
ILIACANTHA LIODACTYLUS Rathbun
Ficure 41; Puate 55, Ficurss 1, 2
Iliacantha liodactylus RatusBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
p. 291, pl. 8, fig. 2, 1898 (type locality, north of Trinidad, West Indies; type,
immature male, U.S. N. M. no. 20327).
Diagnosis —Three posterior acute spines; fingers as long as or a
little longer than palm. Inner tooth of pterygostemian margin small,
outer sinus large.
Description.—Carapace longer than wide, not counting spine;
granules small, prominent and distant, intervening space minutely
punctate. Lateral margin a definite line of crowded granules, hepatic
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 187
and branchial regions each bluntly angulate. Posterior spines conical,
tips upturned, lateral pair two-thirds the length of median spine.
Front not prominent, inclined slightly upward and divided into two
blunt, finely granulated teeth, separated by a shallow sinus. Ptery-
gostomian channel projects only slightly beyond orbital margin and
does not exceed front; of the two notches, the outer is broad, deep
and U-shaped, the inner very shallow. Chelipeds about two and a
half times length of carapace; merus a little shorter than carapace,
exclusive of posterior spine, slender, cylindrical, coarsely and rather
densely granulate and with a blunt tooth at posterior proximal end;
carpus and manus finely granulate; palm narrowing distally; fingers
about one-fourth longer than palm, armed with about eight long,
slender spines at intervals, the interspaces with from nine to twelve
small irregular spines. Dactyli of legs smooth, with a thin fringe of
hair on upper and lower margins.
FIGURE 41.—Iliacantha liodactylus, male: Dorsal view.
Measurements.—Immature male, type, length of carapace to tip of
median spine 17, length exclusive of spine 14.5, width 13.6 mm.
Adult male (tip of spine broken off) length 28 mm, width 21.7, length
of right palm 16, of movable finger 16.7, length of left palm 16.6, of
movable finger 16 mm.
Range.—West coast of Florida to Trinidad, West Indies; 4% to 34
fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 60, p. 189.
ILIACANTHA HANCOCKI Rathbun
Puate 57, Fiaurss 1, 2
Iliacantha hancocki RatusBwun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, p. 2, 1935.
Type locality.—Santa Maria Bay, Mexico; 35 to 40 fathoms;
Hancock Galapagos Expedition; 1 male is type (U.S.N.M. no. 69260).
Diagnosis.—Allied to J. liodactylus. Differs in its shorter median
spine, shorter and stouter chelipeds, terminal segment of male abdo-
men triangular.
80232—27 13
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
188
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190 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Description.—Male: Carapace with a narrow, produced front,
giving the appearance of greater carapace length than width, exclu-
sive of spine. Surface finely granulate, granules separated, those in
the middle third depressed in pits. Posterior median spine about
one and one-half times as long as lateral spines. Hepatic region with
rudimentary tooth. Pterygostomian border rounded, not angular,
farther back than in liodactylus and much less prominent. The last
two segments of the abdomen have straight sides which steadily
converge to a narrow, rounded point. Chelipeds twice as long as
carapace and much less slender than in the allied species.
Color.—Reddish brown with a row of three light dots on either side
of middle, forming an arch from the anterior corners of the cardiac
region and continued diagonally forward along the cervical groove.
Measurements.—Type male, length of carapace without posterior
spine 23.4, width 20.6 mm.
Range.—Lower California, Mexico, to Colombia; 10 to 40 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 61, page 191.
ILIACANTHA SPARSA Stimpson
Puate 56, Ficurss 1, 2
Iliacantha sparsa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 156, 1871 (type
locality, West of Tortugas, 30 fathoms; type not extant).
Diagnosis —A spine on subhepatic margin. Fingers and palm of
subequal length. Carapace sparsely covered with coarse granules.
Description.—Carapace longer than broad; posterior margin un-
usually broad, its spines widely separated and divergent. All three
posterior spines triangular, tips upturned, the median one somewhat
longer. Dorsal surface sprinkled with large, upstanding granules on
a base of smaller, depressed granules. A broad, prominent spine on
hepatic region. Depression between frontal and gastric regions very
deep, giving great prominence to the facial projection. Median sinus
of front very deep, frontal teeth much projecting. Outer maxillipeds
large and coarsely granulated. Remainder of lower surface paved
with flat granules. Palms slender, gradually tapering; fingers and
palm of subequal length.
Measurements.—Male (11020), length including spine 19.2, width
14.7 mm.
Range.—Gulf of Mexico to Barbados; 30 to 40 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 62, p. 191.
191
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192 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ILIACANTHA SCHMITTI Rathbun
Ficure 42; Puate 83, Ficurss 1, 2
[liacantha schmitti RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, p. 2, 1935.
Type locality —Gorgona Island, Colombia; 150 fathoms; Hancock
Galapagos Expedition; 1 ovigerous female (69259).
Diagnosis.—Rostral teeth triangular, acute. Posterolateral spines
thin, connected by a narrow margin visible from above.
Description.—Ovigerous female. Carapace nearly as broad as long
to base of posterior spine and rostral spines. Surface covered with
fine, close set granules, invisible to naked eye except at posterior end.
Rostrum prominent, with two triangular, acute teeth, which are convex
from side to side and from front to back, overreaching the eyes and
deeply separated from each other by a triangular sinus. A deep
groove above the pterygostomian channel. Anterolateral angle far-
ther forward than in hancocki and tipped with a minute tooth or spine.
Posterior margin of carapace beneath the median spine, transverse,
visible from above, slightly convex in outline and with a large flat
FIGURE 42.—Iliacantha schmitti, male: Outline of carapace, natural size.
triangular tooth at either end. Merus and ischium of outer maxilli-
peds with a fringe of hair along the lengthwise elevation. Palms not
compressed. Fingers one and one-half times as long as upper margin
of palm and armed with long, slender teeth interspersed with short
ones. Dactyls of ambulatories with two rows of hair on upper surface.
Color.—In alcohol, mainly orange-yellow, rostral end red.
Measurements.—Length, measured between frontal teeth to base
of posterior median spine, 31, width of carapace 28.8 mm.
Range.—Colombia; Ecuador; 10 to 150 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 63, p. 195.
Genus CALLIDACTYLUS Stimpson
Callidactylus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 157, 1871 (type, C.
asper Stimpson).
Carapace rounded, nearly as broad as long, regularly convex except
near the anterior margins; hepatic region well defined, protuberant,
and toothed; posterior half of carapace with seven spines. Front
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 193
short, basal article of antennules not indurated. Orbit longitudinal,
with three very distinct fissures on the outer side, which extend to the
base of the orbital tube. Pterygostomian channel strongly tridentate
in front and extending beyond the orbit. Outer maxillipeds sharply
granulated; exognath with a convex outer margin, little dilated;
merus of endognath with a concave outer surface. Chelipeds of mod-
erate length; chela much longer than merus; palm short, pyriform,
much swollen within toward the base, and somewhat twisted, so that
the fingers move in an oblique plane; fingers much longer than palm,
very thin and delicate, laminate, curving upward and inward toward
the tips, serrated on outer edge, armed within with numerous needle-
shaped teeth. Ambulatory legs naked, except the dactyli which are
sparsely pilose; propodus compressed, with a laminiform crest above
and below; dactyli lanceolate, those of first three pairs 3-edged, those
of posterior pair 2-edged and shorter and broader than the others.
In the female there is a deep, smooth channel on the outer maxil-
lipeds, between and on the ischium joints, defined on either side by a
strong ciliated ridge. This channel does not exist in the male and has
doubtless something to do with the flow of water which bathes the
eges or young in the abdominal cavity. (After Stimpson.)
Contains only one species,
CALLIDACTYLUS ASPER Stimpson
PuaTE 58, Fiaures 1-3
Callidactylus asper Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 158, 1871 (type
localities, three stations in Florida Keys, 16 to 37 fathoms; types not extant).
Diagnosis.—Carapace furnished with 11 or more spines. Exognath
of outer maxilliped with convex margin. Fingers rough on both edges.
Dactyli of first three pairs of legs 3-edged, of posterior pair 2-edged.
Description.—The sulci separating the gastric, cardiac, and intes-
tinal from the branchial regions are easily traceable, as well as that
between cardiac and gastric; but there is none between cardiac and
intestinal regions. Hepatic region surrounded by rather profound
depressions, and on its posterior part there is a strong toothlike
protuberance occupying about one-third its area. Upper surface of
carapace ornamented with scattered, prominent granules or short,
capitate spinules which become less prominent posteriorly and dis-
appear altogether near the posterior extremity, where the surface is
covered with smaller and more crowded and depressed granules.
On the lateral parts of the branchial region the two kinds of granules
are found together. In the median line there are three or four short
blunt spines on the posterior part of gastric and cardiac regions, the
posterior one of which is rather remote from the others and much
larger, nearly as large as the median posterior spine. A strong
triangular tooth pointing forward, on subhepatic region, and a smaller
194 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
tooth at anterior extremity of branchial region on anterolateral
margin. On posterolateral margin a small tooth or short spine.
Three short posterior spines form a triangle. Outer maxilliped some-
what setose, the setae arising between the granules. The segments
4—6 of the female abdomen are soldered together; the surface is
smooth and glossy about the middle, but there is a transverse
tuberculated ridge on the fourth segment and the sixth is sparsely
granulate. Segments 3-5 of male abdomen fused.”
Measurements.—Female type, length of carapace 17.9, breadth 15.5
mm.; male (55183), length of carapace 13.2, breadth 11 mm.
Range.—Coasts of Florida; 18 to 50 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 64, page 195.
Genus LEUCOSIA Fabricius
Leucosia Fasricius, Supplementum entomologiae systematicae, p. 318, 1798
(type not mentioned).—LATREILLE, Considérations générales sur l]’ordre
naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustacés . . ., p. 422, 1810
(type L. nucleus Fabricius).
Ilia Leacu, Zoological miscellany, vol. 3, p. 19, 1817—Prsta, Die Decapoden-
fauna der Adria, p. 292, 1918.
Carapace globular, having four spines on posterior half; very
exceptionally the rudiment of a fifth spine may be noticed on the
posterior half of the carapace. Frontal margin narrow, feebly pro-
duced with median indentation forming two blunt teeth. Upper wall
of oval orbit open toward the front and bearing two fissures. Basis
of second antenna filling the inner orbital fissure. Both pairs of
antennae very small. Chelipeds greatly lengthened; palms much
longer than wide, swollen at the base, then tapering distally and
turning somewhat about the axis, so that the long thin fingers open
in a vertical plane, merus cylindrical and elongate. The following
legs much shorter than the chelipeds and decreasing in length con-
secutively. Sternal plate oval. Abdomen in both sexes 5-jointed;
in the female the last segment abruptly narrowed and pushed up
against the maxillipeds. (After Pesta.)
LEUCOSIA PLANATA (Fabricius) 2
Cancer planatus Fasricius, Entomologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 446, 1793 (type
locality, Tierra del Fuego; whereabouts of type unknown); Supplementum
entomologiae systematicae, p. 350, 1798—Bosc, Histoire naturelle des
Crustacés, vol. 1, p. 238, 1802.—Larreiuie, Histoire naturelle . . . des
Crustacés et des Insectes, vol. 6, p. 118, 1803.—LicuTENSTEIN, Ges. Naturf.
Freunde Berlin Mag., vol. 7, p. 144, 1816.—MuLNEr Epwarps, Histoire
naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 139, 1837.
21 Stimpson says that all the segments of the male abdomen except the terminal one are fused. His
specimen was smaller than the male measured below.
33 This species has never been described with enough detail to enable one to place it with certainty.
195
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA
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196 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Description.—Minute. Carapace orbiculate, flat, margin smooth,
slightly elevated. Rostrum with three small acute denticles. Sides
bidentate, tooth at middle strong, markedly acute. Abdomen large,
bent, orbiculate. Feet smooth, unguiculate. (Fabricius.)
Color.—Dark, feet ferruginous. (Fabricius.)
Range.—Known only from original specimen from Tierra del Fugeo.
Family CALAPPIDAE Dana
Calappidae and Matutidae Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Crustacea,
pt. 1, pp. 393, 394, 1852; pt. 2, p. 1427, 1853.
Calappidae Atcock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 137, 1896.
The afferent channels to branchiae open behind pterygostomian
regions and in front of chelipeds. Antennae small. Outer maxilli-
peds not completely closing the buccal cavern and with the palpus
not concealed by merus joint. Verges of male exserted from bases of
fifth pair of legs.
KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES AND AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY CALAPPIDAEB
Al. Last three joints of third maxillipeds not hidden by the mero-
podite. Orbits not separated from antennular sockets.
CALAPPINAE (p. 197)
B!. Carapace provided behind with a pair of lateral clypeiform
expansions, under which the ambulatory legs may be
PONCE GO okt eee ee he ee Se ee oe eee Calappa (p. 197)
B?. Carapace without lateral clypeiform expansions.
C!. Carapace with a strong spine at middle of lateral mar-
gin. Outer maxillipeds do not meet across the mouth,
thusiexposing: mandibles<.) 5. 2p. oo nee ee Mursia (p. 215)
C?. Carapace narrow, without spine at middle of lateral
margin.
D!. Merus of cheliped with a very long, outstanding spine.
Stridulating ridges on inner surface of manus and
suborbitel regions 2a ce ol. eas oe Acanthocarpus (p. 220)
D?. Merus of cheliped without long spine. Carapace sub-
circular, a small spine at lateral angle__________- Cycloés (p. 225)
A?. Last three joints of third maxillipeds hidden by the meropodite.
Orbits more or less separated from the antennular sockets.
MATUTINAE (p. 234)
B!. Carapace broad, suboval, convex, regularly arcuate in front.
A well-marked depression below orbit___....-.__-_-- Hepatus (p. 234)
B?. Carapace more or less angular, surface uneven. A very
slight depression below orbit.
C!. Carapace subrectangular, broader than long; lateral re-
gionsconcave Qbove.zs i622. 4st. coe a eee ae Hepatella (p. 247)
C?. Carapace narrow, octagonal. Front rostrate____---- Osachila (p. 248)
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 197
Subfamily CALAPPINAE Alcock
Calappidae Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 393,
1852; pt. 2, p. 1427, 1853.
Calappinae Atcock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 138, 1896.
Merus of external maxillipeds not elongate and acute (except in the
exotic and somewhat aberrant genus Orithyia), and never concealing
the palp in repose. Legs gressorial (except in the exotic genus
Orithyia). (Alcock.)
Genus CALAPPA Weber
Calappa WexseEr, Nomenclator entomologicus, p. 92, 1795 [type, C. granulata
(Linnaeus) ].
Camara Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, pp. 67, 69, 1837 [type, C. calappa
(Linnaeus)=C. fornicola Dr Haan].
Lophos Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, pp. 67, 69, 1837 [type C. lophos
(Herbst) ].
Gallus Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, pp. 67, 70, 1837 [type, C. gallus
(Herbst) ].
Pistor GistEL, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, p. ix, 1848; substituted for
Calappa.
Carapace strongly convex, rounded in front, provided behind with
a pair of lateral clypeiform expansions or wings, beneath which the
ambulatory legs are concealed in flexion. Front small, somewhat
triangular, projecting usually little or not at all beyond level of orbits,
bilobed. Orbits small, circular; eyestalks short and thick. Anten-
nulae nearly vertical. Basal article of antennae very broad and filling
a wide hiatus at inner angle of orbit. Outer maxillipeds not meeting,
but leaving exposed mandibles, and, in front of them, lamellar pro-
cesses from first pair of maxillipeds. These processes form the bases
of two channels separated by a deep vertical septum extending to
antennulary fossae. Chelipeds very large, and in flexion fitting
closely the front half of carapace, forming a sort of buckler. The
merus has externally and near its distal end a transverse winglike
expansion. Hand strongly compressed, its upper border forming a
high dentate crest. Chelipeds equal except for the fingers, which on
one hand have outside near the base a stout projecting lobule.
Abdomen in adult with the third, fourth, and fifth segments fused.
Atlantic and Pacific coasts of America; Japan to Australia, Indian
Ocean; western Europe and Africa.
198 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALAPPA
A!. Carapace without a spine at either end of posterior margin, the
extremities produced downward or inward on either side of
first abdominal segment.
B!. No deep hollow between gastric and hepatic regions.
C!. Carapace widest behind middle. Proximal tooth of manus
dentiform, its margin pointed or angled.
D!. Carapace broad, at least one and one-half times broader
than long.
E!. Posterior third of carapace without short transverse
granulated ridges.
F!. Posterior teeth of lateral wing obtuse, blunt; a con-
cave longitudinal strip on lower half of manus-__flammea (p. 198)
F?, Posterior teeth of lateral wing pointed; the smooth
longitudinal strip on lower half of manus bent
distally upward at an obtuse angle______--_- springeri (p. 205)
E?. Posterior third of carapace with short transverse granu-
lated ridges. Surface covered with fine dots of color
ontatdark: eroumd 32. 55.fot hs es Se ee convexa (p. 206)
D?. Carapace narrow, not more than one and one-fourth times
broader than long.
E!. Surface coarsely and nearly evenly granulate; tuber-
Cles sbi ol eS aC uit es eee ee saussurei (p. 206)
E?. Surface finely granulate; tubercles low, rounded.
angusta, adult (p. 210)
C*, Carapace widest in front of middle. Proximal tooth of
manus lobiform, its margin arcuate, not pointed or an-
SEL las a ee ee ee angusta, young (p. 210)
B?. A deep hollow between gastric and hepatic regions. Posterior
third of carapace covered with short transverse granulated
lines! eteadrt ies tree ee eee so. See Be eee ee ee gallus (p. 214)
A?, Carapace with a prominent horizontal tooth at either end of
posterior margin. A sharp spine at angle of posterolateral
wing and another at proximal end of manus___--------- sulcata (p. 211)
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF CALAPPA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PacIFic
flammea. convexra.
angusta. saussuret.
CALAPPA FLAMMEA (Herbst)
PuatTE 59, Fiagures 1, 2; Puatse 60, Ficure 1
Cancer chelis crassissimis CaTESBy, The natural history of Carolina, Florida and
the Bahama Islands, ed. 1, vol. 2, p. 36, pl. 36, lower figure, 1743; ed. 2, 1771.
Cancer granulatus LinNaEus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 627, 1758
(America: Mus. de Geer); Systema naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, part 2, p. 1048,
1767 (part).2—Guro. Epwarps, in Catesby, The natural history of Carolina,
Florida and the Bahama Islands, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 36, pl. 36, lower figure, 1771.
23 In Systema Naturae, ed. 10, Linnaeus refers to Catesby’s figure of the American Calappa (flammea or
marmorata of authors) and says ‘“‘Habitat in America. Mus. De Geer.’”’ In ed. 12, he says ‘‘Habitat in
America. Mus. de Geer ex Algiriamihi.’”’ From this weinfer that the locality ‘‘America”’ was taken from
Catesby and that Linnaeus’s type of Cancer granulatus was Mediterranean.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 199
Cancer flammeus Herrpst, Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und
Krebse, vol. 2, p. 161, pl. 40, fig. 2, 1794 (type locality, Ostindien; type not
extant); vol. 3, pt. 3, p. 19, 1803 (America).
Calappa flammea Bosc, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 1, p. 185, 1802.—
Miers, Challenger, Brachyura, vol. 17, p. 284, pl. 23, fig. 1, 1886.—RatusBoun,
Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 84, pl. 2 (col.), 1901.—
Monon, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, vol. 8, p. 117, figs. 5, 9B, 1928.
Calappa marmorata LaTREILLE, Histoire naturelle . . . Crustacés, vol. 5, p. 392,
1803 (not C. marmorata Fabricius).
Diagnosis —Extreme length of carapace about two-thirds extreme
breadth; posterior teeth of lateral wing obtuse, blunt; a concave longi-
tudinal strip on lower half of outer surface of manus.
Description.—Carapace, outer surface of winglike expansion of
arm, upper surface of wrist, and outer surface of palm covered with
coarse granules, more closely placed on anterior than on posterior
half of carapace, and forming several longitudinal rows of flattened
tubercles. Anterolateral border crenulate and granulate; posterior
border, exclusive of wings, subentire with beaded edge. Wings well
developed, with seven strong teeth with beaded edges, three behind
and three in front of posterolateral tooth. Pterygostomian regions
thickly covered with hair. Front with a large notch, projecting little
beyond orbits. Endostomial septum extends forward in a strong
tooth not reaching level of front. The winglike expansion at end of arm
is conspicuously 4-lobed; the crest of palm is 8- or 9-toothed; its outer
face has several large tubercles and a laminate inferior proximal spine.
Color.—Ground of carapace smoke-gray behind, shading to drabbish
mottled with white, over greater part of carapace; color pattern
Indian purple in interlacing bands on anterior half, obliquely longi-
tudinal stripes on posterior half. Ground of exposed surface of cheli-
peds more of a heliotrope purple becoming almost white on lower
half of palm and on fingers. Stripings of Indian purple on merus,
carpus and upper part of proximal end of palm; two distant round
spots of same color above middle of palm; spots and patches of sulphur
yellow on teeth and tubercles of upper half. This same yellow is
mixed with the background of merus and carpus and slightly so with
that of carapace. Two or three cadmium orange spots near base of
dactylus, a few spots near articulation of palm and wrist. A dragon’s
blood red covers greater part of inner surface of cheliped, the ptery-
gostomian regions, the anterior surface of first ambulatory leg and a
small part of second leg. Remainder of ambulatory legs, lower face
of arm, also abdomen and sternum whitish. (R. L. Barney.)
Measurements.—Female, extreme length of carapace 80, width at
sinus just in front of wings 105, greatest width of carapace 118 mm.
Range.—Southeastern Massachusetts to Brazil; Bermuda; Cape of
Good Hope (Miers); perhaps Indian Ocean. Surface to 40 fathoms;
125 exceptional.
Material examined.—See table 65, pages 200-204.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 205
CALAPPA SPRINGERI Rathbun
Puate 60, Fieure 1; Puate 61, Fiaurss 1, 2
Calappa springert Ratueun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 44, p. 71, 1931,
(type locality, Pass 4 Loutre, La.; type, U. 8S. N. M. no. 64073).
Diagnosis. —Allied to C. flammea but carapace longer and narrower.
Posterior teeth of lateral wing pointed. The smooth longitudinal
strip on lower half of manus bent distally upward at an obtuse angle.
Description.—Front shallow, median sinus obtuse-angled; orbital
margin flat, not prominent nor deeply interrupted. Anterolateral
denticles 13, shallow but definitely outlined; behind them are five
(not four) larger teeth, narrower at base and less produced sideways
than in flammea. Middle portion of posterior margin produced,
forming a clearly marked angle at either end; of the two large teeth
beyond, the outermost has a sharp tip. The granulation of upper
surface and of margins finer, lower and less conspicuous than in
flammea. The smooth area on lower half of palm is narrow proxi-
mally, gradually widening and is continued obliquely upward. The
proximal tooth of upper margin is truncate, not bifid; remaining
teeth flatter and wider than in flammea. Dactylus of ambulatories
widest at about the proximal fourth. Segment 4 of male abdomen has
sides nearly parallel, segment 6 is nearly as wide at distal end as at
proximal, terminal segment abruptly narrowed at middle to tip.
Terminal segment in female larger than in flammea, sides sinuous;
sixth segment relatively shorter than in flammea, sides concave.
Color.—General back area light buff-pink or vinaceous-pink tend-
ing to salmon; granules lighter. Hinder parts more whitish. Frontal
border dotted and shaded a light or drab Indian purple. Five small
spots behind front and three subparallel to anterolateral margin
washed-out brown or hazel. Ring in center of carapace same color.
Tips of five large lateral teeth white. Chelae almost iridescent
between granules; granules dull; superior teeth with Indian purple
spots. Inside of carpus and merus dragons blood red; purple spots
on merus at sinuses between teeth. (W. L. Schmitt.)
Measurements.—Male, length 93.5, width 143 mm. Female, type,
leneth 85, width 123 mm.
Range.—Gulf of Mexico.
Material examined.—As follows:
Louisiana: Off Pass 4 Loutre; about 12 fathoms; 1931; Stewart
Springer collector, Caribbean Biological Laboratories; 1 female
holotype (64073).
Florida: About 10 miles south of Tortugas; 49 fathoms; station 31;
July 2, 1932; W. L. Schmitt collector, Carnegie Institution; 1 male
(66383).
206 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CALAPPA CONVEXA Saussure
PuatE 62, Figures 1-3
Calappa convera SaussurRE, Rev. Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 362 [9], pl. 13,
fig. 3, 1853 (type locality, Mazatlan, Mexico; type not located).—Boonsn,
Zoologica, vol. 8, p. 280, fig. 281, 1927.
Calappa xantusiana Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 237
[109], 1860 (type locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).
Diagnosis. —Posterior third of carapace with short transverse granu-
lated ridges. Surface covered with fine dots of color on a dark ground.
Description.—Length of carapace two-thirds to three-fourths of
breadth. Allied to C. flammea in its little protruded front and in
the character of the surface. It is, however, more convex than that
species, and the triangular teeth of the posterolateral margins are
more strongly carinated along the middle above; also there are nu-
merous short transverse crenulated carinae on the posterior third
of the carapace; elsewhere the surface is depresso-papillose and
crowdedly granulated. The frontal sinuated margin and teeth are
obtuse and there is no median denticle. Hands much higher than
greatest length; superior crests 6-toothed, teeth less acute than in
C. flammea; granules smallest near upper border, increasing in size
and decreasing in numbers toward lower margin; two horizontal
rows of tubercles on lower third meet at proximal end and are con-
tinued upward at proximal end almost at a right angle, the tubercles
increasing in size.
Color.—A dried specimen has the carapace dull red with fine dots
of pale yellow; granulated ridges also yellow. On the carpus and
distal end of merus of chelipeds the yellow spots are larger; on the
upper half of the manus the ground is red with irregular splotches of
yellow, on the lower half the ground is yellow with little red. Carpus
and propodus of legs red with large white spots; on the merus the
white predominates. Fingers for the most part a dull leaden gray
in the major chela, gray only at finger tips of minor chela.
Measurements.—Male (59275), extreme length 83, extreme width
115, width at sinus in front of lateral wings 103.4 mm. Male, Los
Angeles Mus., length 85.2, width 129mm. Female (50652), extreme
length 98.2, extreme width 142.4, width at sinus in front of lateral
wings 114.5 mm.
Range.—Magdalena Bay, Mexico, to Ecuador; shore to 10 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 66, p. 208.
CALAPPA SAUSSUREI Rathbun
Fiaure 43, Puate 63, Fiaures 1-4
Calappa saussuret RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 609, pl. 41, fig. 6,
1898 (type locality, Gulf of California, 26% fathoms; type, U.S.N.M. no.
21596).— FINNEGAN, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 37, p. 611, fig. 1,
1931.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 207
iagnosis.—Carapace narrow, widest at the antepenult tooth of
lateral margin; tubercles prominent.
Description.—-Carapace slightly broader than long, almost circular
exclusive of the posterolateral limb, which has a subrectangular out-
line. Two well marked grooves form the lateral boundaries of cardiac
and gastric regions. Tubercles of carapace conical, disposed as
follows: Gastric region with two large median and two smaller lateral
in advance of these, and about 18 very small tubercles; cardiac with
one central larger surrounded by six smaller; branchial region with
about 15 large and more than that number of small; intestinal region
with six in two lines diverging posteriorly ; hepatic region with five or
FIGURE 43.—Calappa saussurei, male holotype: Dorsal view, 20.5 mm long.
six very small depressed tubercles. Surface of tubercles densely gran-
ulate; surface between them covered with isolated granules. Margins
of front slightly rimmed. The lateral border has five or six denticles
on hepatic region, about six larger ones on branchial region; branchial
expansion with five lateral teeth increasing successively in size, the
third and fourth most produced outwardly, and three posterior teeth
diminishing in size toward median line; posterior margin with a
shallow tooth at each end.
Chelipeds with many large tubercles, irregular in size and disposition
and the intervening space covered but not crowded with granules;
tooth at proximal end of manus triangular; outer tooth of merus
bifid; fingers coarsely granulate.
Measurements—Male, holotype, length 20.5, width at middle
23.6, greatest width 24.4, width at posterolateral angles 22.9 mm.
Range.—Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador; 7 to 150 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 67, page 209.
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210 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CALAPPA ANGUSTA A. Milne Edwards
Piate 64, Figures 1-6
Calappa angusta A. M1utnE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, no. 1, p. 18,
1880 (type locality, Barbados, 100 fathoms, teste Bouvier, 1902; type in
M. C. Z., no. 6653).—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvinr, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 27, no. 1, p. 1238, pl. 24, figs. 5-8; pl. 25, figs. 1-8, 1902.—-Hay and
Suorg, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 421 (not pl. 31, fig. 7,
1918, a young flammea).
Calappa saussurei tortugae RatHBuN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46,
p. 188, 1933 (type locality, Tortugas; type, U. S. N. M. no. 66382).
The word “angusta” is suited to the young of this species for which
it was named by A. Milne Edwards, the posterior part being narrower
than the middle. The adults, however, are of good size and are
widest behind, as in other American species.
Diagnosis.—Compared to C. saussurei, the adult carapace is wider
across the middle. Tubercles low, arcuate, not acute; less prominent
in posterior portion of carapace. Posterolateral wings less elevated.
Tubercles less prominent on manus and smaller on lower half.
Description.—Anterolateral margins finely granulate, with slightly
larger granules at intervals. Front seen from above bilobed, each
lobe with a sinuous margin which is also the margin of the antennular
cavity. Inner superior border of orbit much swollen. Both margins
of lateral expansion slightly concave; tooth at posterolateral angle
much the largest, followed anteriorly by four small teeth gradually
diminishing in size and posteriorly by one small and one or two minute
teeth; tooth at either end of posterior margin obtuse-angled, raised, and
thickened. Surface covered with protuberances, granulate between
the tubercles. Orbit completely separated from antennular cavity.
Manus with coarse granules interspersed with tubercles which form
three irregular oblique rows, subparallel to proximal end of palm,
and a row of five close to the superior row of eight marginal teeth.
Abdomen with sixth segment subquadrate, terminal segment sub-
triangular, slightly longer than wide, tip blunt in the full grown.
Color (66381).—General ground color buff to buff-yellow; high spots
or lumps on carapace brick red, on chelipeds blood red. Marginal
spines of carapace, crest of chela and lumps on crest ground color.
Hairs of carapace, especially those of hind margin, a sort of light olive-
yellow; those of ambulatory legs light citrous yellow. Merus of
chelipeds practically colorless. Under parts whitish, pterygostomian
region and maxillipeds suffused with pale rose purple. (W. L.
Schmitt.)
Measurements.—Male (51070), length of carapace 16.7, greatest
width 18.7, width at posterior angles 17 mm. Male (66382), length
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA Od
33.9, width at middle 39.8, greatest width 42.2, width at postero-
lateral angles 39.4 mm.
Range.—¥From North Carolina to Grenada; 7% to 115 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 68, page 212.
CALAPPA SULCATA Rathbun
PuLaTE 64, FiaureEs 7, 8; PLatE 65, Ficure 1
Calappa sulcata RatusBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p.
289, pl. 9, figs. 3, 4, 1898 [type locality, off Delta of the Mississippi, 35 fath-
oms (14941)]; Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 85, 1901.
Diagnosis.—Carapace with a prominent horizontal tooth at either
end of posterior margin. A sharp spine at angle of posterolateral
wing and another at proximal end of manus.
Description Extreme width of carapace little greater than
extreme length. Upper surface of carapace finely granulate; five
prominent longitudinal rows of tubercles; anterolateral border with
about 14 crenulations, granulate on edge. Posterior margin with a
large triangular prominent tooth at either end. Posterolateral wings
subrectangular, a large spine at angle, in front of which are three
teeth diminishing in size; on the posterior edge are two larger sub-
equal teeth, the inner one a little the smaller. Front divided by a
round median notch into two teeth; a much smaller tooth at inner
end of orbit. The endostomial septum has a short sharp tooth
pointing forward and visible in front view.
Arm expansion 4-lobed, outer lobe much the largest, prolonged
to a spine. Superior crest of palm with six or seven teeth; outer
surface with a broad, nearly smooth, horizontal sulcus which distally
turns at an obtuse angle and terminates opposite the upper line of
dactylus; it is bordered for the most part by coarsely granulate
tubercules.
Color.—In alcohol, light pinkish brown. Seven small and narrow
rings of dark red: three on carapace, one median encircling the third
median tubercle, counting from the front; one on each branchial
region, about middle of length of carapace and encircling the fourth
of the outermost continuous row of tubercles. One ring on each
wrist and one on each palm near upper margin and inclosing the
tubercle toward proximal end of margin; this tubercle is not in the
center of the ring but near its upper periphery.
Measurements —Female (24079), extreme length 21, width at
posterior lateral spines 23.8, width at sinus in front of wings 23 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to Gulf of Mexico and Puerto Rico; 12
to 35 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 69, page 213.
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CALAPPA GALLUS (Herbst)
YELLOW Box Cras
Puate 65, Fiacuress 2, 3
Cancer gallus Hersst, Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse,
vol. 3, pt. 3, pp. 18 and 46, pl. 58, fig. 1, 1803 (type locality, East Indies;
type not extant).
Cancer (Calappa) gallus LATREILLE, in Cuvier, Régne animal, ed. 2, vol. 3, p. 24,
1817.
Calappa gallus Minne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p.
105, 1837.—Ratuswun, Bul). U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20 (1900), pt. 2, p. 85
1901.—Monop, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, vol. 8, p. 116, figs. 2B, 3, 9D,
1928.
Calappa galloides Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 71 [25],
1859 (type locality, Florida Keys; type not extant).
Calappa squamosa DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crustacés de la
Guadeloupe, etc., p. 51, pl. 6, 1867.
Calappa gallus var. bicornis Mrprs, Crustacea, in Report on the zoological col-
lections made in the Indo-Pacific Ccean during the voyage of H. M. S.
Alert, p. 550, 1884 (type locality, Providence Island, 19 fathoms; type in
Brit. Mus.).
Calappa gallus var. galloides A. MitNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool., vol. 27, no. 1, p. 122, 1902.
Calappa gallus var. capellonis Laurin, Brachyura, in Herdman’s Reports to the
Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,
Suppl. Repts. no. 40, p. 354, 1906.
Diagnosis.—A deep hollow between gastric and hepatic regions.
Between the hollows two transverse rows of four tubercles each, the
outer tubercles of the hind row much the largest. Posterior third of
carapace covered with short transverse granulated rugae.
Description.—Extreme length of carapace varying from about
three-fourths to five-sixths of breadth; anterior two-thirds covered
with tubercles, posterior one-third with short, transverse, granulate
ridges; anterolateral margin crenulate; posterior border slightly
arcuate, finely beaded, unarmed; clypeiform expansions well devel-
oped, bearing six strong teeth with beaded edge, two teeth behind
and three in front of posterolateral tooth. Orbits directed forward,
only slightly upward. Rostrum wholly in advance of orbits, laminate,
and with four subequal, blunt teeth. Hepatic region defined by
furrows; a large median tubercle in front of cervical suture. Upper
surface of wrist tuberculate. Winglike expansion near end of arm
4-toothed. About 10 tubercles on upper half of outer surface of
palm; on the lower half the tubercles widen into crenulate laminae;
on and near the fixed finger are small, round, flat tubercles.
Color.—-Upper parts generally orange to orange-brown, becoming
brighter on front of chelae; under parts dull yellow. Carapace above
and front of chelae covered with irregular spots of dark red or reddish
brown, variable in size and form; many of the larger granules and
tubercles of carapace white, especially those that lie in rows on the
posterior transverse ridges and those on the scattered elevations.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 1S
Fingers smoky horn-color, becoming blackish on upper side of dacty].
Ambulatory legs yellow, finely reticulated with red lines. (A. E.
Verrill.)
Variation.—The carapace varies in relative length and breadth
due to greater or less convexity; in size and prominence of dorsal
tubercles; and in distinctness of rostral teeth, some having four teeth,
others having no median sinus, or the lateral teeth slightly developed.
The variations do not correspond with geographical regions.
Measurements.—Male (66368, Bird Key Reef), extreme length of
carapace 49, width at sinus just in front of wings 51.2, greatest width
of carapace 64 mm.
Range.—Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil; Bermuda; west Africa;
Red Sea and Persian Gulf; islands of Indian and Pacific Oceans;
beach to 120 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 70, page 216.
Genus MURSIA Leach
Mursia Leacu, in Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 28, p. 231, 1823 (type not
mentioned).—Dersmarest, Considérations générales sur la classe de Crus-
tacés, p. 108 (footnote), pl. 9, fig. 8, 1825 (type ‘‘Mursie Mains-en-créte’’). —
LATREILLE, in Cuvier, Régne animal, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 39, 1829 (type not
mentioned).—Mitnr Epwarps, in Cuvier, Régne animal (Disciples’ ed.),
pl. 13, fig. 1, 18387 (type Mursia [Mursica, by error] cristata).
Platymera Mitne Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2, p. 107,
1837 (type P. gaudichaudii Milne Edwards).
Thealia Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 8, p. 577, 1839 (type, T. acanthophora
Lucas).
Carapace oval, moderately convex, rounded in front, rapidly
contracted behind, the evenly arched anterolateral margins ending in a
large lateral epibranchial spine. Front with a small acuminate tip.
Orbits large, oval, with a distinct fissure in upper margin and with
two deep gaps in lower margin in one of which rests the basal article
of the antenna. Eyes large, eyestalks short and thick. Antennules
fold obliquely; basal article of antennae not dilated. No distinct
epistome; endostome prolonged into a canal incompletely divided
longitudinally; first pair of maxillipeds have each a lamellar process
to complete the canal below. The external maxillipeds do not meet
across the mouth but expose the mandibles. Chelipeds enlarged
much as in Calappa but merus with merely a distal ridge with one
or more spines instead of a transverse crest. Palm with a dentate
crest less high than in Calappa. Chelipeds asymmetrical as regards
fingers, which on one hand have at base of prehensile edge a stout
lobule. Legs large, first two pairs at least as long as chelipeds.
Male abdomen with segments 3-5 fused; in both sexes the tergum of
first segment is entirely concealed and that of second strongly carinate
transversely. (After Alcock.)
West coast of America to Japan and Australia.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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2930 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
MURSIA GAUDICHAUDITI (Milne Edwards)
Puate 66, Figures 1-3; Puats 67, Fiaures 1-6
Platymera gaudichaudit M1LNE Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2,
p. 108, 1837 (type locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.).—Mitne Epwarps
and Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale, vol. 6,
p. 28, 1843; vol. 9, atlas, pl. 13, fig. 1, 1847.
Platymera californiensis RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 253, 1893
(type locality, off Point Ano Nuevo, Calif., 70 fathoms; type, U. S. N. M.
no. 15606).
Platymera gaudichaudi Portsrr, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., vol. 25, p. 421, pl. 38, 1921.
Diagnosis —Posterior margin of carapace entire; lateral spine
pointing directly outward. Two spines on distal crest of arm;
ridge on lower part of manus unidentate.
Description.—Carapace densely granulate. Nine short rows of a
few tubercles each: one row median, one protogastric (paired), the
remainder branchial. On the front a pair of thick divergent teeth;
behind them a depressed tooth forming inner angle of orbit and above
that a blunt tooth. Anterolateral margin with from 14-17 very small
teeth separated by concave lines of granules, the interspaces greater
at middle of carapace arch than toward either end. Six teeth point-
ing distad on upper margin of manus; above the lower margin a
prominent granulate and unidentate ridge; at middle of manus a
line of five or six tubercles separated by coarse granules. Dactyli
of ambulatories long, slender, carinated. On the sternum at base of
chelipeds a large blunt downward pointing pyramidal tooth.
Color.—Ochraceous; tubercles and spines of carapace and stripes on
ambulatories rufous. (Milne Edwards and Lucas.) Broccoli brown
with spines and tubercles ochraceous. Hands lighter than carapace,
lower margins white. (W. L. Schmitt.)
Measurements.—Male type (15606), length of carapace 64, width to
base of spine 95, length of spine 14 mm.
Range.—California to Chile; 26 to 218 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 71, page 222.
Genus ACANTHOCARPUS Stimpson
Acanthocarpus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 152, 1871 (type A.
alexandri Stimpson).
Body regularly ovate, strongly convex in its anteroposterior dorsal
outline. Carapace as broad as long, broadest in front. Antero-
lateral continuous with posterolateral margin; the latter armed with
a strong tooth. Fronto-orbital region more or less than one-third
width of carapace. Eyes large. External maxillipeds not reaching
to anterior extremity of buccal area; ischium truncate in front, with-
out projecting at inner angle, which, like the outer one, is a right
angle; merus shorter and broader than ischium, and narrowed in
front, with the palpus attached at the antero-interior angle; exognath
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 991
reaching to tip of merus or nearly so. Chelipeds with a great spine
on merus (not carpus) placed in a horizontal plane and pointing out-
ward in a direction exactly transverse to axis of body. Ambulatory
legs with slender dactyli.
From Massachusetts to the Windward Islands.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS ACANTHOCARPUS
A.! Carapace narrowing in posterior half; a short spine on postero-
laternimarginese 2) coe oe Us Be ek alexandri (p. 221)
A.2 Carapace subcircular; a long spine on posterolateral margin.
bispinosus (p. 224)
ACANTHOCARPUS ALEXANDRI Stimpson
Puate 69, Figures 1, 2
Acanthocarpus alexandri Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 153, 1871
(type locality, off the Quicksands, Florida Keys, 74 fathoms; type not
extant).—A. Mitngr Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 19, pl. 1,
fig. 2, 1880.—S. I. Smiru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, p. 418, 1881; Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 10, p. 7, 1882.—A. Minne Epwarps and BovuviEr,
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 126, pl. 24, figs. 9-11; pl. 25, fig. 7, 1902.—
Scumitt, Carnegie Inst. Washington Year Book, no. 30 (1980-81), p. 398,
1931.
Diagnosis —Carapace ovate, with a short posterolateral spine.
Posterolateral margin not tuberculate. A tooth on posterior margin
and a conical tubercle on sternal plastron.
Description.—Carapace regularly convex, widest in anterior half,
surface uneven, the protuberances arranged obscurely in five longi-
tudinal rows anteriorly, the middle ones of which form centrally and
posteriorly three conspicuous ridges, the lateral ridges terminating in
the spines of the posterolateral margin. Surface covered with minute
granules and punctae. Posterior margin arcuate, bearing a prominent
tooth at middle and a slight wave in the outline on either side.
Anterolateral margin with four slight tuberculiform teeth. Orbits
large, without fissures except the inner superior one which is nearly
obsolete; orbital margin ciliated. Front of moderate width, trilobed
in dorsal view, separated by a notch from the orbit.
The spine at outer angle of merus may be a little longer or shorter
than half the width of carapace; the superior spine is one-fourth to
one-third as long as the inferior. Hand with a 7-toothed crest above
and another, oblique, 6-toothed crest on outer surface, extending from
base of dactylus to postero-inferior angle. On the latter crest the
posterior tooth is largest and forms by itself a short crest, separated
from the other teeth by a considerable interval. Between the upper
and lower crests of hand there are six or seven scattered tubercles.
Stridulating ridge on inner surface composed of about 45 oblique
striae closely placed. Ambulatory legs naked, unarmed, with smooth
polished surface. <A conicle tubercle on either side of first article of
sternal plastron.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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Color.—Dorsal surface of carapace and chelipeds pale reddish
orange, deepest in color upon elevations of carapace and upon bases
of meral spines of chelipeds; carapace beneath, the sternum, abdo-
men, and under surfaces of chelipeds and legs are white very slightly
tinged with reddish.
Measurements.—Male, Tortugas, station 21, 1932, length of cara-
pace 43; width 42; length of larger meral spine measured from sinus
20; length of smaller meral spine 5 mm.
Range.—From Massachusetts to the Windward Islands; 45 to 208
fathoms.
Material ecamined.—See table 72, page 226.
ACANTHOCARPUS BISPINOSUS A. Milne Edwards
Puate 68, Fiaurzes 1-3
Acanthocarpus bispinosus A. M1LnNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8,
p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 1, 1880 (type locality, reefs of the Grenadines, 140 fathoms;
holotype in M. C. Z.).—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 127, pl. 24, fig. 12; pl. 25, figs. 4-6, 1902.—-Scumirt,
Carnegie Inst. Washington Year Book, no. 31 (1931-32), p. 288, 1932.
Diagnosis.—Carapace circular, with a long lateral spine. Postero-
lateral margin tuberculate. No tooth on posterior margin and no
conical tubercle on sternal plastron.
Description.—Carapace more circular and more coarsely granulate
than in alexandri, rostral teeth longer, posterolateral border furnished
with a series of tubercles behind the spine; posterior border less
produced on median line; no conical tubercle on first article of sternal
plastron. A dense fringe of hair on exognath of outer maxillipeds.
Meral spine more than half as long as width of carapace; hands
coarsely granulate, outer crest not prominent; striae of stridulating
ridge about 60, being finer and more numerous than in alexandrv.
When touched or taken in the fingers under water, the crab may
set up such a vibratory grating of the hand against the suborbital
tubercles as to make one’s fingers literally tingle.
Color (66386).—Ground color of hinder third of carapace (behind
lateral spines) pale rose pink. Small spots and narrow strips defining
middle third of carapace light lavender gray. Anterior two-thirds of
carapace heavily spotted and speckled with scarlet-vermilion; longi-
tudinally shaded portions of spines the same but tinged with orange-
chrome; extreme tip whitish. Lower half of chelae rose-pink, upper
half darker, appearance due to scattered red specks on some of gran-
ules; teeth at top of chelae dirty white, fingers almost china white.
Ground color of legs rose-pink toward lower margins, which are more a
peach-blossom pink, upper margin nearly white; on anterior face of
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 925
third, fourth, and fifth carpus and at distal end of merus a few red
reticulations (color of red on carapace). (W. L. Schmitt.)
Measurements.—Male, Tortugas (66385), length of carapace 56.3,
width 59, length of carapace spine 31.5, length of meral spine 35.6 mm.
Range.—Florida Straits to Windward Islands; 135 to 197 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 73, page 228.
Genus CYCLOES De Haan
Cycloés Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, pp. 67, 68, 1837 (type, C. granulosa
De Haan).
Cryptosoma BRULLE, in Barker-Webb and Berthelot’s Histoire naturelle des Iles
Canaries, vol. 2, pt. 2, Crust., p. 16, 1840 (type, C. dentatum Brullé, p. 17=
C. cristatum Brullé, pl. 1, fig. 2).
Carapace heart-shaped or subcircular. Front narrow, emarginate.
Orbits large, oval, a distinct suture or a fissure in the roof and two
gaps in the floor, in one of which the slender basal-antennary article
islodged. Eyes large, eyestalks short and thick. Antennules folding
obliquely. The external maxillipeds close the buccal cavity; the
antero-internal angle of the merus is prolonged obliquely forward to
form a prominent lobule above articulation of palp. The endostomial
efferent branchial channel is closed by lamellar processes from first
pair of maxillipeds. Chelipeds similar to those of Calappa. Ambu-
latory legs compressed and of moderate size. Third, fourth, and fifth
segments of abdomen in male fused, in female all are distinct.
West and east coasts of America; east Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific
Oceans.
CYCLOES BAIRDII Stimpson
PLATE 69, Fiaurss 8, 4
Cyclois bairdit Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 237 [109],
1860 (type locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes, U.S.N.M. no. 2001).—VeERRILL,
Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 11, p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1901.
Mursia balgueriti DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crustacés de la Guade-
loupe, etc., p. 52, pl. 4, fig. 20, 1867 (type locality, Guadeloupe; type not
extant).
Cyclois balgueriit Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 152, 1871.
Cycloés bairdit RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 610, 1898; Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 85, 1901.—VeErriLL, Trans. Con-
necticut Acad. Sci., vol. 13, pl. 27, fig. 2, 1908.—Finnerq@an, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
London, Zool., vol. 37, p. 6138, 1931.
Cycloés bairdit var. atlantica VeRRitL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 13,
p. 423, figs. 46, 47, 1908 (type locality, Bermuda; type in Yale Mus.).
Diagnosis —Broader than long. A small posterolateral spine
behind middle of carapace. A short deep furrow either side of middle
is continued forward less conspicuously to the median interorbital
groove.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 299
Description.—Carapace slightly broader than long, regularly
convex, median regions well defined. Surface densely and coarsely
granulate, uneven or tuberculate, the tubercles arranged partly in
longitudinal rows. In the young the tubercles are higher than in the
old. Front with subtriangular, blunt, median notch, each tooth with
a slight lobe or tooth on outer edge. Anterolateral margin with a
beaded edge; five or six denticles behind orbit; a short sharp tooth or
spine at lateral angle. Carapace widest in front of spine. Margin
of arm expansion tridentate and continuous with the longitudinal
crest on palm which is unidentate. Nine teeth on upper margin of
palm; three oblique but irregular rows of tubercles on outer surface.
Measurements.—Largest specimen, female (22125), length of
carapace 45.8, greatest width 49, width between tips of lateral spines
47.5 mm.
Color.—Bright in life. Carapace pale yellow or whitish with lemon-
yellow spots in irregular rows, and many small bright red or crimson
spots, especially laterally. Chelipeds and legs bright yellow, spotted
and banded with bright scarlet-red; chelae with a crescent of red at
the articulation of the dactylus on the inside; tips of digits and teeth
of dorsal crest of manus red; carpus with two red spots. Legs bright
yellow, with bands of red and purple, and purplish red margins on the
merus; eyestalks orange. (Verrill.)
Coral sand white with faint brownish markings, cinnamon or pale
hazel; markings sometimes inconspicuous. (Station 25, Hancock
Galapagos expedition.)
Upper surface of carapace cream-buff, spines and tubercles white
with hinder two-thirds of larger tubercles margined with purple.
Eyestalks cream-buff with tinge of maize yellow, corneae gray with
tinge of salmon buff. Chelipeds white outside with some purple
spots; inside white with large maroon spot at distal end of manus;
hazel spot on carpus at middle of outside near upper margin. Dactyli
and propodi of ambulatories citron yellow, carpal joints with auricula
purple in a line on each side united across upper margin proximally;
first leg has a little spot on hind side of propodus, merus with a large
splotch of purple on same side. (W. L. Schmitt.)
Variation.—The intermediate crab of the three largest Cycloés
from station 257 is different from the others; the eyestalks are basally
purple, the carapace smoother, lateral spines whiter and stronger, a
conspicuous white spine on the carpus of the cheliped ; and the surface
has finer and fewer red specks. A fourth specimen, the smallest, is
like the intermediate.
Habit—Burrows in sand.
Range.—West coast of Mexico to Ecuador and the Galapagos
Islands; North Carolina to Caribbean Sea; Bermudas; 1% to 45
fathoms; 125 fathoms (Henderson).
Material examined.—See table 74, page 230.
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234 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Subfamily MATUTINAE ALCOCK
Matutidae Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, pt. 1, p. 394,
1852; pt. 2, p. 1427, 1853.
Matutinae Aucock, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 139, 1896.
Merus of external maxillipeds elongate and acute, entirely conceal-
ing the palp in repose. Legs natatorial. (Alcock).
Genus HEPATUS Latreille
Hepatus LatTrREILLE, Histoire naturelle... des Crustacés, vol. 8, p. 22, 1802
[type, H. princeps (Herbst) =H. angustata Fabricius].
Hepathus Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres, vol. 5, p. 267,
1818 (type H. calappoides Lamarck).
Hepatulus ** Fow.rr, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus., 1911, p. 590, 1912
(type, H. fasciatus Latreille).
Carapace broad, convex, regularly arcuate in front, strongly narrow-
ing behind; hepatic regions very large, branchial regions very small.
Front narrow, straight or nearly so, rather prominent, and situated
above the level of the lateral border of carapace, which is prolonged
beneath the orbits to join the margin of buccal cavity. Orbits small,
circular, on a level with front. Antennulae very oblique. Antennae
at inner angle of orbit. Buccal cavity very narrow forward and tri-
angular, extending as far as level of lower border of orbits and entirely
covered by outer maxillipeds, of which the merus is triangular and
has straight inner margin, under which are concealed the following
segments. Chelipeds strong, and when flexed fit closely against lower
surface of body. Hands with a superior crest, fingers inclined a little
downward and inward. Ambulatory legs smooth, unarmed.
Georgia to Brazil; west and south Africa; East Indies; west Mexico
to Chile.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HEPATUS
A!, Sixth segment of male abdomen smooth.
B!. Front advanced beyond line of suborbital cavities.
C1. Carapace covered with small spots. Front bidentate. -princeps(p. 235)
C?. Carapace covered with large spots. Front truncate_epheliticus(p. 238)
B?. Front not advanced beyond line of suborbital cavities. Cara-
pace covered with narrow arcuate stripes of color. Two
large tubercles on fourth abdominal segment of male_kossmanni (p. 239)
A?. Sixth segment of male abdomen not entirely smooth.
B!. Front scarcely advanced beyond line of suborbital cavities.
No teeth on posterior margin. Sixth segment of male
abdomen with a median terminal tubercle._________ chiliensis (p. 244)
B?. Front advanced; suborbital cavities not visible from above.
A prominent tooth near either end of posterolateral
margin. Segments 1-6 of male abdomen tuberculate__lineatus (p. 246)
4 Substituted for Hepatus Latreille, 1802, a name preoccupied by Gronow, 1763, for a genus of fishes. In
1925 Gronow’s name was rejected by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Smith-
sonian Mise. Coll., vol. 73, no. 3, opinion 89).
4% In pl. 70, fig. 1, the carapace of H. princeps is tipped backward.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 235
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF HEPATUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PaciFric
princeps. kossmanni.
HEPATUS PRINCEPS (Herbst)
PuaTE 70, Ficures 1, 2
? Cancer thorace latiusculo convexo laevi, undique emarginato crenato, postice con-
tractiore peded non contegente; manibus cristalis Gronovius, Zoophylacium,
vol. 2, no. 960, p. 223, 1764 (type locality, Martinique; type not located).
? Cancer pudibundus Hersst, Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und
Krebse, vol. 1, p. 199, 1785; after Gronovius.
Cancer princeps Hrrsst, Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse,
vol. 2, p. 154, pl. 38, fig. 2, 1794 (type locality, ‘‘Ostindien’’; type not extant).
Calappa angustata Fasricius, Supplementum entomologiae systematicae, p. 347,
1798 (type locality, American Ocean; type not extant).
Hepatus fasciatus LATREILLE, Histoire naturelle . . . des Crustacés, vol. 5, p. 388,
1803 (type locality, American Ocean; type not extant).
Hepathus calappoides Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres,
vol. 5, p. 268, 1818 (type locality, Antilles; type not located).
Hepatus angustatus Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, p. 394, pl. 25,
fig. 2, 1852.—Hewier, Reise der ésterreichischen Fregatte Novara, p. 69, 1865.
Hepatus tuberculatus Saussurn, Mém. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Genéve, vol. 14, p. 451
[35], pl. 2, figs. 9, 9a, 1858 (type locality, Guadeloupe; type in Geneva Mus.).
Hepatus princeps von Martens, Arcb. fiir Naturg., vol. 38, pt. 1, p. 112, 1872.
Ratupun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 86, 1901.
Diagnosis.—Carapace covered with transverse lines or small spots.
Front bidentate, definitely advanced beyond the line of the suborbital
cavities; lower margin of cavities slightly arcuate. Last three seg-
ments of abdomen smooth.
Description.—Anterior margin of front thick, obtuse, slightly
bidentate. The line descending obliquely from the external orbital
angle to anterior border of carapace is marked with a few granules
chiefly on the lower half. Anterolateral margins divided into 12 or
13 teeth more or less rectangular, denticulate on their margins and not
projecting. About 8 transverse rows of granules on dorsum. Outer
face of hands with five rows of tubercles, exclusive of the marginal
ones. Dactyli with a coating of fur, except for a narrow, smooth line
on either side.
Color.—Pale yellowish brown, with dark brown transverse lines, or
transverse series of spots; legs subochreous, with one or two large
purplish blotches in each joint. (Dana.)
Measurements.—Male (24068), length of carapace 58, width 84 mm.
Range.—Georgia to Brazil; west Africa; Cape of Good Hope
(Herklots); Kast Indies (Herbst).
Material examined.—See table 75, pages 236.
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238 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
HEPATUS EPHELITICUS (Linnaeus)
Catico Cras; Dotty VARDEN CRAB
Puate 70, Fiaures 38, 4; Puate 71, Ficures 1-4
Cancer epheliticus LINNAEUS, Amoenitates academicae, etc., vol. 6, p. 414, 1763
(type locality, Carolina; type not located).
Cancer floridus LINNAEUS, Systema naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 1041, 1767
(type localities, Carolina and Asia; types not located); not Rumphius,
D’Amboinische Rariteitkamer, pl. 8, fig. 5, 1705.
Cancer decorus Hprgst, Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse,
vol. 2, p. 154, pl .37, fig. 6, 1794 (type locality not given; type in Berlin Mus.) ;
vol. 3, pt. 3, p. 6, 1803.
Hepatus decorus GipBEs, Proc. 3d Meet. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 183 [19], 1850.—
von Martens, Arch. ftir Naturg., vol. 35, pt. 1, p. 118, 1872.
Hepatus vanbenedenii HurKuiots, Bijdr. Dierk. Soc.-Zool. Roy. Nat. Art. Mag.
Amsterdam, vol. 5, p. 36, pl., fig. 1-le, 1852 (type locality, America; type
in Mus. Louvain).
Hepatus epheliticus Hay and Suors, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. 35, p. 422, pl. 32,
figs A 1O1S:
Diagnosis.—Carapace covered with large spots. Front advanced
beyond the line of the suborbital cavities; lower margin of cavities
semicircular. Last 3 segments of abdomen smooth.
Description.—Front truncate, not dentate. The line descending
obliquely from external orbital angle to anterior border of carapace is
marked by one or two granules. Carapace dorsally almost smooth,
indistinct lines of low granules on gastric region and on posterior part
of branchial region. Marginal denticles of carapace more prominent
than in princeps, the middle denticle of each anterolateral tooth pro-
jecting; the shallow tooth near hinder end of postero-lateral margin is
also more advanced. Chelae and dactyls of legs similar to those of
princeps.
Oolor.—Carapace covered with many large, irregular spots of pale
blood-red, each with a rim of darker shade; ground yellowish white or
brownish. In the young the carapace may have a combination of
spots and transverse bands of color.
Measurements.—Male (8782), length of carapace 46, width 67.3 mm.
Female (Herklots), length 51, width 73 mm.
Range.—Chesapeake Bay to Texas and Cuba; 2 to 25 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 76, page 240.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 939
HEPATUS KOSSMANNI Neumann
PLaTE 72, Figures 3, 4
Hepatus kosmanni?® NeuMaNnn, Catalog der Podophthalmen Crustaceen des
Heidelberger Museums, p. 28, 1878 (type locality, west coast of America;
type in Heidelberg Mus.).
Hepatus kossmanni RatTuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 593, 1910 (part;
Panama Bay only); Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 13, p. 374, 1924.
Diagnosis.—Carapace covered with narrow stripes of reddish color
parallel to the arcuate anterolateral margin. Front not advanced
beyond the line of the suborbital cavities. Upper margin of cavities
forming not an angle, but a regular curve with the anterolateral
margin. Two large tubercles on fourth abdominal segment of male.
Description. —Similar in shape to H. princeps, but carapace a little
narrower and more strongly arched. Front truncate, not dentate
and not projecting beyond the suborbital area, which is lower and
wider than in princeps and its upper border prominently granulate
forming no angle with the lateral margin of carapace, as in princeps.
Anterolateral margin finely denticulate, the denticles not formed
into teeth except at the posterior ends of the margin. Punctae of
dorsal surface visible to naked eye; eight clusters of tubercles, three
gastric, one cardiac, and two on each branchial region, the anterior
one elongate and arcuate.
The male abdomen has on the fourth segment two large smooth,
prominent tubercles, which cccupy almost the entire width; the
sixth segment tapers more gradually than in princeps. The manus
has three subrectangular teeth on upper margin separated by closed
fissures; in princeps these teeth are triangular. The lower margin
of the chela is more sinuous and the fixed finger more deflexed than
in the allied species.
Color.—Narrow reddish stripes are parallel to the arcuate antero-
lateral margin.
Measurements.—Male (40712), length of carapace 50, width 70,
greatest height of body 30 mm.
Range.—West coast of Mexico to Ecuador; 2 to 25 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 77, page 243.
26 Named for R. Kossmann.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
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944 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
HEPATUS CHILIENSIS Milne Edwards
Puats 72, Fiacurss 1, 2; Puatse 73, Figures 1-5
Hepatus chiliensis MinNE Epwarps, Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, vol. 2,
p. 117, 1837 (type locality, Valparaiso; type in Paris Mus.).—Ratusun, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 551, pl. 37, fig. 1, 1910—Porrtsr, Rev. Chil.
Hist. Nat., vol. 25, p. 424, fig. 36, 1921.
Hepatus chilensis Minne Epwarps and Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voyage dans
Y Amérique méridionale, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 28, 1843; vol. 9, atlas, pl. 14, 1847.—
Dana, U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, p. 395, pl. 25, fig. 3, 1852.—
HELLER, Reise der 6sterreichischen Fregatte Novara, p. 70, 1865.—MIE£ERs,
Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1877, p. 656.
Hepatus angustata Kinawan, Journ. Roy. Soc. Dublin, vol. 1, p. 345, 1857 (1858);
not Calappa angustata Fabricius, 1798.
Hepatus angustatus ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 6, p. 569, 1892 (part; not H.
decorus).—LENz, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 2, suppl. 5, p. 751, 1902.
Diagnosis.—Front truncate, scarcely or not at all advanced beyond
line of suborbital cavities. Posterior and postlateral margins marked
by elongate tubercles and devoid of teeth. Sixth segment of male
abdomen with a median terminal tubercle.
Description.—Anterior margin of front truncate, subacute. The
line descending from the external orbital angle to the anterior border
of the carapace is finely granulous and continuous with the antero-
lateral arch. The anter‘or two-thirds of this arch is regularly denticu-
late, the denticles not tooth forming in the old but separated by faint
suture lines into groups of three or four; in younger specimens these
groups or lobes are defined by V notches, especially at the widest
part of the arch. One adult male from Iquique is an exception,
preserving the well-marked lobes of the immature. Suborbital cavi-
ties broad and low. Of the eight dorsal lines of tubercles, those on
branchial and cardiac regions are arcuate. Upper margin of palm
with four low dentiform projections, tips blunt. Dactyli of ambula-
tories with a strip of fur above and below, not extending to proximal
end, sides mostly bare.
Color.—Carapace a yellowish or ochreous base closely covered with
a brownish purple reticulation. (Dana.) Nearly uniform pink, with
narrow sinuated light yellow spots and lines. (Miers.)
Measurements.—Male (40453), length of carapace 56.5, with 84 mm.
Range. —Ecuador to Chile; 2% to 23 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 78, page 245.
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HEPATUS LINEATUS Rathbun
Ficure 44; Puate 74, Ficurss 1, 2; Puats 75, Ficurss 1, 2
? Hepatus sp. Kinawan, Journ. Roy. Soc. Dublin, vol. 1, pp. 333, 345, 1857 (1858)
(Chincha Islands, Peru).
Hepatus lineatus RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 610, pl. 44, fig. 4,
1898 (type locality, off Abreojos Point, Lower California; type, U.S. N. M.
no. 21597).
Diagnosis.—Carapace narrow and high; suborbital cavities not
visible from above; front advanced, thick, truncate; first to sixth seg-
ments of male abdomen tuberculate. A longitudinal stridulating
ridge on inner face of movable finger.
Description—Carapace strongly arched, height about one-third
width. Front well advanced beyond outer orbital angles and having
FIGURE 44.—Hepatus lineatus, male (21597): Dorsal view.
a broad median furrow with a dorsal swelling on either side. The
clusters of tubercles on the dorsum consist of a single large tubercle
surrounded by a number of small ones; in front of the anterior bran-
chial cluster there is a line of 11 to 14 tubercles extending obliquely
backward and outward. The tridenticulate teeth of the anterolateral
margin increase gradually in size beginning at the orbit. Postero-
lateral margin very concave, anteriorly thickened and bearing a promi-
nent tooth near either end. Abdomen narrow, tuberculate except
terminal segment; sternum closely tuberculate. Tubercles of manus
very large and close, superior teeth four, triangular. Dactyli of legs
pilose.
Color.—Red lines encircle round or oblong areas which touch one
another, or the lines border narrow strips forming transversely arcu-
ate bands across carapace except behind, where the patches are more
irregular.
Measurements.—Male cotype, length of carapace 17.6, width 22 mm.
Habitat.—The carapaces of quite a number of these crabs were
found at the lowest tide levels in the sandy portions of the beach at
San Felipe. Living crabs are usually decorated with one or a number
of solid, purple and white striped anemones of the family Sagartiidae,
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA IAT
which no doubt act as a partial protection from their enemies. By
removing a large Murex from the sand a few of these crabs were located
underneath it at a depth of 4 inches. (S. A. Glassell.)
Range.—Mexico; ?Peru.
Material examined.—Mexico:
Off Abreojos Point, Lower California; lat. 26°42’30’’ N., long.
113°34/15’/’ W.; 5% fathoms; gn. M.; May 4, 1888; station 2835;
Albatross; 2 males, cotypes (21597).
Magdalena Bay; 1917; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (50653).
San Felipe, Gulf of California; low tide, buried in sand; May 8,
1933; E. H. Quayle collector; 1 immature female (Glassell collection).
San Felipe; May 6-15, 1983; H. N. Lowe; 1 male, 1 female (67730).
Genus HEPATELLA Smith
Hepatella Situ, in Verrill, Amer. Nat., vol. 3, p. 250, 1869 (type, H. amica Smith).
Allied to Hepatus. Carapace subrectangular, facial region promi-
nent, eyes very small, with short peduncles. No depression below
orbit. Lateral regions concave above. Chelipeds similar to those of
Hepatus. Ambulatory legs cristate above and below on merus, carpus
and propodus.
West coast of Mexico to Peru.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HEPATELLA
A.! Carapace more than one-third wider than long. Margin of front
thick between and outside the orbits. Lateral teeth irregular,
SUID SU CUI ere Shee 2 eet eee eee = mee cs MP PR oe ee: amica (p. 247)
A.” Carapace one-tenth wider than long. Margin of front thin
between and outside the orbits. Lateral teeth even, sub-
STURT CSD UG spe earn en ae BE ee OE Sania peruviana (p. 248)
HEPATELLA AMICA Smith
PuaTE 76, Ficurss 1, 2
Hepatella amica Smitu, in Verrill, Amer. Nat., vol. 3, p. 250, footnote, 1869
(type locality, Panama; type in Peabody Mus., Yale Univ.).
Description.—Carapace broad; gastric and posterior branchial regions
protuberant and granulous, as is also the middle of the cardiac region;
rest of carapace smooth. Lateral margins nearly parallel posteriorly,
the edge thin and armed with about 12 irregular, sharp teeth; it
forms an obtuse angle with the hepatic margin which is very thick.
Upper margin of palms with three low, subtruncate teeth. Sternum
deeply punctate and vermiculate. Male abdomen very narrow,
acutely pointed, the third, fourth, and fifth segments fused.
Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 11.5, width
15.8 mm. Male (59343), length of carapace 20, width 29 mm.
Range.—Mexico to Ecuador.
Material examined.—See table 79, page 249.
YAS BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
HEPATELLA PERUVIANA Rathbun
Hepatella amica Ratusun, not Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 552, pl.
50, fig. 5, 1910.
Hepatella peruviana RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 183, 1933
(type locality, Bay of Sechura, Peru; U.S.N.M. no. 40451).
Description.—Carapace narrow, edge thin, front more produced and
orbits more dorsal than in amica. Protuberances small, one oblong
and granulate on each branchial region; one round on cardiac region
and crossed by a transverse line of granules; three small, granulate, on
gastric region, the median behind the lateral pair. Anterolateral
teeth regular, subtruncate; a broad tooth near anterior end of postero-
lateral margin, a thicker, more prominent tooth at end of posterior
margin.
Measurements.—Female holotype (40451), length of carapace 18.2,
width 20 mm.
Range.—Panama to Peru.
Material eramined.—See table 80, page 249.
Genus OSACHILA Stimpson
Osachila Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 154, 1871 (type, O. tuberosa
Stimpson).
Near Hepatus in all essential characters, but differs in the narrower,
octagonal carapace, more or less depressed and expanded at sides;
very uneven surface having usually six chief protuberances; and the
much produced front, forming a true rostrum.
From North Carolina to northwest Florida and Windward Islands;
eastern Atlantic; Cape San Lucas to Panama; Hawaiian Islands; 13
to 164 fathoms.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS OSACHILA
A!, Length of carapace more than three-fourths of its width.
B'. Rostrum thick, bilobed.
C!, Dorsal surface of carapace wholly eroded.
D!. Cardiac elevation pointed behind______.___-_---- antillensis (p. 251)
D*. Cardiac elevation rounded behind____--_------ galapagensis (p. 254)
C*. Dorsal surface of carapace partly eroded, including eleva-
tions. Cardiac elevation rounded behind.
D!'. Posterolateral margin thin-edged. Outer surface of
manus largely reticulated =< ..2#2U 4s 222 2 eae tuberosa (p. 250)
D?. Posterolateral margin thick.
E!. Dorsal protuberances high, six in number. Outer sur-
face of manus with five rows of tubercles_-_-_-_- semilevis (p. 251)
E?. Dorsal protuberances more than six. Outer surface
of manus with 10 or 12 rows of granules________-- levis (p. 254)
B?2. Rostrum thin, sharp-edged, denticulate. Outer surface of
manus with five longitudinal ridges__._._-_-_.-__.-.------ acuta (p. 257)
A?. Length of carapace three-fourths of its width. Manus sparingly
tuberculatec = 22 a0 ee ee rs ce ee lata (p. 257)
249
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250 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF OSACHILA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
ATLANTIC PAcIFIc
antillensis. gala pagensis.
OSACHILA TUBEROSA Stimpson
PLATE 77, FIGURE 3
Osachila tuberosa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 154, 1871 (type
localities, five stations among the Florida reefs, 36-68 fathoms; cotypes not
extant).—A. Miung Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 20, 1880
(part; specimen from Sombrero, 54 fathoms).—RarTugun, Bull. Lab. Nat.
Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 290, 1898 (part; specimen from Station
24); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 50, pp. 647, 649, pl. 36, fig. 3, 1916.—Hay
and SHors, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 423, pl. 31, fig.
10, 1918.—A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvinr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
47, p. 304 (part), not pl. 4, fig. 4, 5, 1923.—Boons, Bull. Bingham Oce-
anogr. Coll., vol. 1, p. 48, 1927 (part; not antillensis or semilevis).
Diagnosis. —Carapace not eroded all over; posterolateral margin
thin-edged, armed with triangular teeth, the first one, which is situ-
ated at the lateral angle of the carapace, projected sideways beyond
the anterolateral margin; fourth or last tooth prominent, larger than
the two preceding. Cardiac region rounded behind. Upper margin
of palm tridentate, proximal tooth bifid.
Description.—Six large protuberances on carapace: One mesogas-
tric, one metagastric (paired), one cardiac, one mesobranchial (paired).
Protuberances and lateral margins finely eroded, as if worm-eaten.
Lobes of front thick, separated by a deep closed or narrow button-
hole fissure. Anterolateral margin (continued toward the buccal
cavity) finely dentate. Posterolateral margin with four larger teeth
or lobes, including the one at lateral angle. Maxillipeds, sternum
and bases of legs below, eroded. Chelipeds eroded; upper margin of
manus tridentate, outer surface covered with reticulating ridges and
8 or 9 tubercles. Margins of legs thin, punctate.
Color.—Sand color with reddish cast, white below, claws and legs
white. (Henderson.)
Measurements.—Female (8746), length of carapace 18.2, width
20.2 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to Florida; 40 to 65 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 81, page 252.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 951
OSACHILA SEMILEVIS Rathbun
Puatse 77, FIGURE 1
Osachila semilevis Ratupwun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 50, p. 652, pl. 36, fig. 1,
1916 (type locality, Gulf of Mexico, 25 fathoms; type, U.S.N.M. no. 17851).—
Hay and Suore, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35 (1915-16), p. 422, pl.
31, fig. 9, 1918.
Diagnosis —Differs from OQ. tuberosa as follows: Carapace smooth
except on elevations; posterolateral margin much shorter than
anterolateral; thick, with rounded lobes, the first or lateral lobe
projecting sideways equally with the adjacent anterolateral tooth,
the last lobe prominent. Elevation between cardiac and meso-
branchial elevations absent or insignificant. Outer surface of manus
with five rows of tubercles; teeth on upper margin simple.
Measurements —Female (17851), length of carapace 11.3, width
12.8 mm.
Range.—North Carolina to northwest Florida; 13 to 27 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 82, page 253.
OSACHILA ANTILLENSIS Rathbun
Puate 77, Figure 2
Osachila antillensis RatuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 50, p. 650, pl. 36, fig. 2,
1916 (type locality, off Habana, 114 fathoms; type, U.S.N.M. no. 9503).
Osachila tuberosa A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvinr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 47, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5, (part), 1923.
Diagnosis.—Differs from OQ. tuberosa as follows: Carapace eroded
all over; posterolateral margin thick, with rounded lobes, the first or
lateral lobe not projecting sideways beyond the anterolateral margin.
Cardiac region not broadly rounded behind but narrowed and con-
tinued backward almost to a point. Proximal tooth on upper margin
of manus trifid; outer surface covered with irregular blunt tubercles,
reticulating on lower half.
Measurements —Female holotype (9503), length of carapace 19,
width 21.6 mm.
Range.—West Indies; 67 to 164 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 83, page 255.
80232—37——17
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OSACHILA GALAPAGENSIS Rathbun
PLATE 82, Ficure 5; Puate 83, Figure 3
Osachila galapagensis RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, vol. 48, p. 3, 1935.
Type locality—Wenman Island, Galapagos Islands, 100-150 fath-
oms; Hancock Galapagos expedition, holotype, female (69215).
Diagnosis —The two largest branchial elevations are more exten-
sive than in antillensis. Tubercles of palm sharper. Margins of
ambulatories distinctly dentate.
Description.—Anterolateral margin with sharp denticles, three of
which project beyond the others; the first and second of these termi-
nate narrow, transverse ridges. The highest and largest branchial
elevation is continued to the gastric region, its posterior slope divided
by a wavy line of punctae, subparallel to posterior margin. Besides
the tubercle at the posterior corners of the cardiac region there is a
pair at the anterior corners, nearer together, narrow, oblique, and
pointing backward and inward. Sides of terminal segment of female
abdomen curved outward, not straight as in antillensis. Tubercles
of palm and fingers acute and fairly well separated. Six or seven
acute teeth on lower margin of palm. The thin edges of the ambu-
latory legs—merus, carpus, and propodus—are cut into numerous
projecting teeth.
Measurements.—Female (69215), length 20.6, width 24.7 mm.
Range.—Galapagos Islands, 10 to 150 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 84, page 255.
OSACHILA LEVIS Rathbun
Puate 78, Ficures 3, 4
Osachila levis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 612, 1898 (type locality,
off Cape St. Lucas, 31 fathoms; type, U.S.N.M. no. 21598).
Diagnosis —Carapace smooth to naked eye. Cardiac lobe single,
trilobate in form, broadest in front. Surface of manus covered with
coarse tubercles forming about 12 irregular, crowded rows.
Description.—Resembling antillensis; metabranchial lobe similar in
size and shape; on the inner side of its point a small round lobe.
Lobes of carapace coarsely punctate, depressions finely so. Antero-
lateral margin dentate in its anterior half only, the longitudinal
portion subentire; the four thick posterolateral teeth project scarcely
beyond the margin except for the anterior tooth which is directed
slightly sideways at the lateral angle of the carapace. Upper margin
of manus with three denticulated teeth.
Measurements.—Female holotype (21598), length of carapace 19.1,
width 21.4 mm.
Range.—Mexico to Ecuador; 12 to 60 fathoms.
Material eramined.—See table 85, page 256.
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OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 957
OSACHILA ACUTA Stimpson
Puate 79, Fiaures 1, 2
Osachila acuta Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, p. 114, 1871
(type localities, Panama and Manzanillo; types not extant).
Diagnosis—Rostrum with thin, sharp, denticulate margin.
Posterolateral margin bearing two strong triangular teeth, one next
the lateral tooth, the other next the posterior extremity. Outer
surface of manus with five longitudinal ridges.
Description.—Protuberances of carapace rather small, somewhat
conical, tuberculated, and coarsely punctate; between them the
surface is smooth, naked, and microscopically and crowdedly punctate.
Rostrum flat, narrow, prominent, bilobed. Anterolateral margin
with generally seven or eight teeth behind the point where the
transverse subhepatic ridge joins the margin; the teeth increase in
size posteriorly, each composed of two or three denticles, the median
one largest where there are three. Posterolateral margin thickened
as if double, and irregularly tuberculated and bidentate. The
posterior extremity of the carapace is narrow, with two thickened
tuberculated margins placed one above the other. Of the ridges on
the outer surface of the hand, the upper three are formed of large
tubercles, the lower two of small ones; superior crest with three equal
teeth.
Color.—Yellowish, with spots of red and white resembling patches
of lichen. (Stimpson.)
Measurements.—Male type, length of carapace 17.9, width 21 mm.
Range.—Manzanillo, Mexico, to Panama (Stimpson); Darien
(Nobili); Ecuador.
Material eramined.—La Libertad, Ecuador; dredged north of Point
St. Elena; 8-10 fathoms; February 9, 1934; station 209, Hancock
Galapagos Expedition; 1 small male (69619).
OSACHILA LATA Faxon
Ficure 45; Puatse 78, Ficurszs 1, 2
Osachila lata Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 24, p. 159, 1893 (type locality,
Western Mexico, 80 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 18, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 2-2b, 1895.
Diagnosis.—Carapace expanded laterally; length: breadth=3 : 4.
Two transverse rows of low tubercles on hinder part of carapace
anterior to hind margin.
Description.—-Three low obtuse gastric protuberances, one cardiac,
three or four branchial; the surface of all tuberculate tubercles coarsely
punctate, as also the surface between protuberances. Frontal lobes
thick, punctate. Anterolateral margin sharp; behind the point where
the subhepatic ridge joins this margin it is divided into five obtuse,
258 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
denticulate lobes; posterolateral margin single, tuberculate; posterior
margin narrow, concave; at the widest part of the carapace a short
row of tubercles near and parallel to the margin. Manus sparingly
tuberculate, the tubercles largest above; superior border a slight,
denticulate crest split into three indistinct lobes. Edges of ambulatory
legs slightly cristate.
Color.—Traces of transverse red bands on ambulatories of preserved
specimen.
Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 24.5, width
32 mm.
FIGURE 45.—Osachila lata, male: Anterior part from below. After Faxon.
Range.—West coast of Mexico.
Material examined.—As follows:
Off Tres Marias Islands; lat. 21° 22’ 15’’ N., long. 106° 25’ 00’’ W.;
80 fathoms; rky.; temp. 51.2° F.; Apr. 18, 1891; station 3427, Albatross;
1 & holotype (4497, M. C. Z.).
Chamela or Perula Bay; lat. 19° 32’ 00’’, long. 105° 08’ 00’’ W.;
30 fathoms; S.; July 19, 1932, station T.3.R., Zaca; Crocker Expedi-
tion; 1 male (Calif. Acad. Sci.).
Subtribe HAPALOCARCINIDEA Verrill ”
Hapalocarcinidea VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p.
426, 1908.
Epistome feebly developed; buccal area large and arched anteriorly.
Lower border of orbit little developed. Outer antennae small and
extraorbital. Antennules with a large, prominent basal article.
Carapace narrow and more or less oblong, or semicylindrical, not
much narrowed anteriorly. Front usually subtruncate or emarginate
without a central tooth. Outer maxillipeds separated at base by a
sternal lobe; ischium broad, often with a convex inner lobe; merus
small, seated well back, with the palp articulating in a notch of inner
edge; exognath small. Chelipeds feeble, often lttleif any larger than
the next legs; chelae simple, with acute tips. Ambulatory legs sunilar,
short, with short, sharp, hooked claws, for strong adhesion; the posterior
ones not articulated much higher up than the others. (Verrill.)
27 This subtribe ranks among the Brachyura although of doubtful position therein. It is placed in this
volume to complete the series of marine brachyurans of America.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 259
Family HAPALOCARCINIDAE Calman
Hapalocarcinidae Catman, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., ser. 2, vol. 8,
p. 8, 1900 (‘‘Incertae sedis’’).—BorRaDAILE, in Gardiner’s The fauna and
geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, vol. 1, p. 271,
1902; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 488, 1907.—VbERRILL, Trans.
Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p. 427, 1908.—Porrs, Pap. Marine
Biol. Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 8, p. 67, 1915.—Ratusun, U.S. Nat.
Mus. Bull. 97, p. 15, 1918.—SHEN, Hong Kong Nat., suppl. 5, p. 21,
1936.
Merus of third maxillipeds small, bearing terminally a carpus of
nearly its own width; ischium very broad. Body somewhat oblong.
Antennules not retractile into sockets. Parasitic or symbiotic in corals.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY HAPALOCARCINIDAE
A!. Carapace smooth, anterolateral margin entire__--- Hapalocarcinus (p. 259)
A, Carapace more or less granulate or spined, anterolateral margin
dentiGuiateva 2322 Je Lesa te aie ee Cryptochirus (p. 262)
Genus HAPALOCARCINUS Stimpson
Hapalocarcinus Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 412, 1859
(type, H. marsupialis Stimpson).
Front of carapace not bent downward; anterolateral margin and
front not denticulate. Antennules not retractile into fossettes;
antennae very small and orbits ill defined. Basal article of antennules
with a stout dentiform lobe anteriorly. Abdomen of female much
enlarged. Live in galls, which are formed to accommodate the crabs
by the corals on which they make their homes. |
Islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans; west coast of Central and
South America. oat
HAPALOCARCINUS MARSUPIALIS Stimpson
Ficure 46; Prats 79, Ficures 3-9
Hapalocarcinus marsupialis Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6,
p. 412, 1859 (type locality, Hilo, Hawaii; type not extant); Smithsonian
Mise. Coll., vol. 49, p. 170, pl. 14, fig. 8, 1907—Cauman, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, ser. 2, vol. 8, p. 48, pl. 3, fig. 29-40, and synonymy, 1900.—Bor-
RADAILE, in Gardiner’s The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Lac-
cadive Archipelagoes, vol. 1, p. 271, 1902.—Rarusun, Bull. U. 8S. Fish
Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 892, 1906; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, vol. 14,
p. 242, 1911.—Ports, Pap. Mar. Biol. Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 8,
p. 35, figs. 5C, 6B, 7B and D, 8B, 9-15, pls. 1, 2, 1915.—EpmMoNnpson,
Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 5, p. 24, 1923.—SHEN, Hong Kong Nat.,
suppl. 5, p. 22, 1936.—Scumirt, Explorations and field-work of the Smith-
sonian Institution in 1935, pp. 34-386, figs. 36a-f, 1936.
Description.—Female. Carapace soft and membranous, depressed,
broadly oval in outline and truncated in front and behind. Breadth
equal to, or a little less than length. Front slightly deflexed, biden-
tate (or obscurely tridentate). Lateral margins rounded off dorso-
260 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ventrally and evenly arcuate from before backward. Posterior
margin concave and about three-fifths as long as anterior margin.
Surface smooth. First three abdominal segments visible from above,
remaining four bent under the body, forming a broad oval plate equal
in size to the carapace. Ocular peduncles large, subconical, not in
distinct orbits; corneae devoid of pigment. Antennules large, exserted ;
Fiaure 46.—Hapalocarcinus marsupialis, female: a, Dorsal view, x13; 6, antennae and antennules; ¢, thir
maxilliped; d, chela. After Calman.
antennae 5-jointed. Buccal area very large. The third maxillipeds
do not nearly cover the buccal cavity and are widely separated from
each other at the base by a semicircular area of the sternum. Ischium
flattened, subtriangular, widening from a narrow base, its antero-
internal angle produced forward, rounded and fringed with setae;
merus articulated with the outer end of distal margin. Exopod
rudimentary, epipod well developed. Chelipeds rather stout, about
261
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262 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
twice the diameter of the legs; hand not much thicker than preceding
joints; palm less than twice as long as broad, nearly twice as long as
fingers. (After Calman.)
b Measurements.—Length of carapace of female (69177) 5.8, width
5.5 mm.
Range.—Indian Ocean, Torres Straits, Palmyra Island, and gen-
erally through the Pacific northward to Hawaii. Philippines (Sem-
per). Colombia, South America; Secas Islands, Panama (Hancock
Galapagos Expedition). The female crab forms galls on certain species
of corals of the genera Pocillopora, Seriatopora, Stylophora, Sideropora
and Millepora (Edmondson). Coral-galls, possibly due to this species,
are known from the Red Sea, Ceylon, and China Sea (Calman).
Material examined.—See table 86, page 261.
Genus CRYPTOCHIRUS Heller
Cryptochirus HELLER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 11, abh., p. 19 [17], 1861
(type, C. coralliodytes [later and obviously corrected spelling]); Sitzb. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, vol. 34, abt. 1, p. 366, 1861.
Lithoscaptus A. MiunE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (ser. 4), vol. 17, p. 362,
1862 (type, L. paradoxus Milne Edwards); in Maillard, Notes sur l’Isle de
la Réunion, pt. 2, annexe F, p. 10, 1862, and ed. 2, vol. 2, annexe F, p. 10,
1863.
Troglocarcinus VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 138, p.
427, 1908 (type, 7. corallicola Verrill).
Front of carapace abruptly bent downward and operculum-like;
anterolateral margin and front denticulate. Eyes not retractile;
orbits feebly developed, a spine on outer margin.
Bermudas, Straits of Florida, West Indies; Gulf of Guinea.
CRYPTOCHIRUS CORALLICOLA (Verrill)
Figure 47; Puatse 78, Fiaures 5-7
Troglocarcinus corallicola VuRRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol.
13, p. 427, fig. 48, 49, a, b, c; pl. 28, fig. 8, 1908 (type locality, Dominica,
B. W. I.; type in Peabody Mus., Yale Univ.).—Batss, Crust. VII in
Michaelson, Westafrika, vol. 3, lief. 3, p. 87, 1922.
Cryptochirus corallicola EpMonpsoNn, Occ. Pap.-B. P. Bishop Mus., vol. 10, no. 5,
p. 5, 1933.—SHEN, Hong Kong Nat., suppl. 5, p. 22, 1936.
Description.—Carapace oblong, transversely convex; sides nearly
parallel posteriorly; front bent abruptly downward and covered with
small, unequal, sharp spinules and hairs to which dirt, etc., firmly
adheres; front edge minutely notched at middle and finely spinulated;
anterolateral margin with a row of fine sharp spinules; upper surface,
back of the frontal bend, hairy and granulated, the granules larger
anteriorly and toward the sides; minute posteriorly. The sloping
anterior part of the carapace has a concave area each side of the
median line. The anteromarginal spines decrease in size backward;
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 263
the one at the exterior edge of orbit is largest. Carapace much higher
or thicker in front, especially at the bend, than posteriorly. Sternum
smooth, concave at middle; genital openings of female lunate, near
together on sternum.
Eyes small on thick, short stalks; orbits looking forward. Pedicels
of antennules large, longer than eyestalks, rather stout, near together,
spinulous distally, with about three longer terminal spinules; remain-
ing articles small, folding vertically, tips reaching but little beyond
eyes. Antennae small, about as long as eyestalks. Outer maxillipeds
with merus short and broad, with a decided notch on inner distal
edge at articulation of palp;ischium broader than long, with a rounded
or semicircular lobe on inner margin; exognath small and short; the
large palps occupy about all the space to bases of antennules. The
anterior lobe of sternum separates the bases of the maxillipeds. Legs
and maxillipeds very hairy.
Chelipeds small, smaller than first ambulatory legs; hairy; chelae
small, with simple, acute digits. Ambulatories short, incurved, with
FIGURE 47.—Cryptochirus corallicola, female: Anterior parts from below, much enlarged. After Verrill.
simple, sharp, incurved claws; posterior legs becoming shorter, but
similar to the others, articulated slightly higher up. Abdomen
convex, the rings thin, somewhat indurated above; in the female
the edges are expanded and form a well developed egg-pouch below.
(Verrill.)
Color—As follows:
Station 28-31. Sepia (with sage greenish tinge when seen through
hand lens). Nearly black in fore half of carapace, lighter behind
with a narrow median streak. Chelae and carpi almost sage green
above; fingers whitish to transparent; ischium and basis of ambula-
tories whitish, merus like carapace, succeeding article whitish with
few marks of carapace color. (W. L. Schmitt.)
Female (67748). Anterior fifth of carapace sort of bay, shading
over into middle third of carapace which is a sort of olive to tawny,
shading to Indian or saffron yellow in hinder part of abdomen;
carapace and abdomen all red specked; telson like middle third of
carapace; color of abdomen due to eggs; epimera of abdomen white.
(W. L. Schmitt.)
Measurements.—Female (61517), length“of carapace 5.7, width
3.7 mm,
264 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Habitat.—Lives in oven-shaped cavities or dens formed in the upper
surface of living corals; the opening of the den is usually semicircular
or lunate, commonly oblique to surface of coral. The downturned,
rough, and dirt-covered front of the crab serves as an operculum,
closing the aperture. Full-grown crabs are probably unable to leave
their dens,
Range.—Bermudas; Straits of Florida; Dominica, B. W. I., 3 to 5
fathoms. Ilha das Rolas, off St. Thomas Island, Gulf of Guinea.
{Balss.)
Material eramined.—Tortugas, Florida; gift of Carnegie Institution:
Symbiotic on coral, Meandra areolata; July-August 1925; H.
Boschma; 5 males, 11 females (2 ovigerous) (59964). In mouth
ridges of Meandra; July 1925; H. Boschma; 1 male, 2 females (1
ovigerous) (59973). August 1927; Wm. H. Longley; 1 female
(61517). Seven corals with burrows containing crabs; Bush Key
Reef; station 21; 1926; C. R. Shoemaker; 4 males, 8 females (4
ovigerous) (67747). From Meandrina; Bush Key Reef; station 29;
July 23, 1930; Mr. Visscher; 3 ovigerous females (67748). In stomach
of Fish no. 280, Apogon sellicauda Evermann and Marsh; off N. end of
Loggerhead Key; June 9, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (67749).
From Meandrina; off E. side of Loggerhead Key; station 31; July 18,
1931; W. L. Schmitt; 2 females (67750).
Subtribe BRACHYGNATHA De Haan
Brachygnatha Dr Haan, in Franz de Siebold, Fauna Japonica, pp. XI-xIII,
1850.—BorraDAILE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 571; in J. Stanley
Gardiner, The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archi-
pelagoes, vol. 1, pt. 4, pp. 425, 426, 1903; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol.
19, pp. 466, 468, 477, 1907— RatusBoun, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 97, p. 14, 1918.
Last pair of legs normal, rarely reduced, not dorsal, except in
Cymopolia and Retropluma. Female openings sternal. First abdom-
inal limbs of female wanting. Gills few.
Superfamily BRACHYRHYNCHA Borradaile
Brachyrhyncha BorraDAILEZ, in J. Stanley Gardiner, The fauna and geography
of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, vol. 1, pt. 4, pp. 425, 426, 1903;
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, pp. 468, 479, 481, 1907.—Ratusun,
U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 97, p. 14, 1918.
Fore part of body broad. Rostrum usually reduced or wanting.
Body oval, round, or square. Orbits nearly always well inclosed.
OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS OF AMERICA 265
Family GONEPLACIDAE Dana
Gonoplacidae Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, p. 285, 1851; United States
Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, pt. 1, pp. 208 and 310, 1852; pt. 2, p. 1425,
1853.—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, pp. 283, 286, 292, 297,
and synonymy, 1900.
Goneplacidae Ratusun, U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 97, p. 15, 1918.
The palp of the external maxillipeds articulates at or near the
anterointernal angle of the merus; the exognath is of normal size
and is not concealed. The interantennular septum is a thin plate.
The division of the orbit into two fossae is usually not indicated.
The genital ducts of the male usually perforate the base of the last
pair of legs, often passing forward through a groove in the sternum.
Subfamily CARCINOPLACINAE Miers
Carcinoplacinae Mirrs, Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Brachyura, vol. 17, p.
222, 1886.—RatuBoun, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 97, pp. 16, 17, 1918.
Pseudorhombilinae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, pp. 286, 292, and
297, 1900.
Carapace xanthoid, the regions seldom well defined; front usually
of good breadth and square cut, often little deflexed; eyes and orbits
usually of normal size and form, the eyes well pigmented and the
eyestalks normally movable except in certain deep-sea genera; the
antennules fold transversely; antennal flagella of medium length.
Epistome well defined; buccal cavern square-cut and usually com-
pletely closed by the external maxillipeds, which have a subquadrate
merus. The base of the third segment of the male abdomen covers
the whole space between the last pair of legs. Male openings not
sternal,
Represented in America by four genera, the other three of which
have been previously discussed in Bulletin 97, ‘“The Grapsoid Crabs
ef America.”’
Genus GERYON Kr¢gyer
Geryon Kr¢yver, Nat. Tidsskrift, vol. 1, p. 1, pp. 20-21, 1835 (type, G. tridens
Kroyer).
Chalaepus GreRSTAECKER, Arch. fiir Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, p. 118, 1850 [type,
C. trispinosus (Herbst)].
Carapace broader than long, anteriorly arcuate, posteriorly trun-
cate, longitudinally strongly convex; front broad, deflexed, but little
arcuate; anterolateral margins not recurved and provided with
strong teeth. Branchial region prominent, hepatic region less so;
eye peduncles short, stout; lower margin of orbit separated from the
front, and orbit separated from the antennular fossa; superior margin
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of orbit more prominent than inferior. Basal article of outer antenna
free and movable; second article not reaching beyond the front;
flagellum longer than twice length of first three articles. Second and
third ambulatories subequal, exceeding the others in length.
Western Europe; Nova Scotia to Brazil; Bermudas; southern
Africa; Indian Ocean; East Indies; Japan.
GERYGON QUINQUEDENS Smith
Deer Seta RED Cras
PuLaTEs 85, 86
Geryon quinquedens Smiru, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 5, p. 35,
pl. 9, figs. 1, la, 1b, 2, 1879 (type localities, off Casco Bay, Maine, and off
Massachusetts Bay, Gulf of Maine; cotypes in U.S. N. M. and P. M. Y. U.).
Diagnosis —Five anterolateral teeth; four acute frontal teeth; a
strong spine at inner angle of carpus of cheliped and a very small
spine on distal margin; a small spine near distal end of upper margin
of merus.
Description.—Carapace of larger specimens, including lateral spines,
about one-third broader than long. Dorsal surface very convex
longitudinally but only slightly transversely, entirely naked, finely
but irregularly granulated, and not deeply areolated. The most
prominent elevation is a short, rounded, transverse ridge each side,
between the base of lateral spine and the posterior portion of the
gastric region. Breadth of front between tips of inner angles of
orbits equaling width of orbits. Median teeth of front near together,
triangular, and deflexed below the level of inner angles of orbits, in
front of which they project for almost or quite their whole length.
Outer angles of orbits acutely angular. The next tooth (the second
of the five anterolateral teeth) is a well-developed angular projection
of the margin, but less prominent than the first and not acutely
angular. Third tooth prominent, acutely triangular, scarcely spini-
form. Fourth tooth represented by a distinct but only slightly
angular emargination. Posterolateral margins nearly straight. In
young specimens the three larger anterolateral teeth are more acute
and spiniform than in larger specimens. Inner angle of inferior
margin of orbit triangular, not slender, falling short of either of the
other orbital angles and reaching but slightly beyond third segment
of antenna.
Chelipeds slightly unequal and rather slender. The fingers on
each hand are about as long as basal portion of propodus and their
thin prehensile edges are armed with sharp serrations which slightly
overlap when the dactylus is closed; a small obtuse tubercle near
base of larger dactylus.
80232—37——19
272 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Color.—Tortugas no. 38-30, general color cream-buff. Tips of
frontal and anterolateral spies dark colored, approaching russet.:
Inner margin of orbit and antennal flagella ochraceous-buff. A large
area behind the anterior and anterolateral rim more ochraceous and
vinaceous-buff intermingled. Curved linear depressions behind
mesogastric region vinaceous. Longitudinal gastrocardiac depres-
sions curving inward light-colored. LEyestalks cream-buff, corneae
dark bay. Under parts whiter than upper. Fingers white near
tips; a small spot of bister on each finger. Dactyls of ambulatories
vandyke brown, fading out to russet toward upper end; extreme tip
buff. (W. L. Schmitt.)
Measurements—Male (68205), entire length of carapace 136.8,
width 162 mm.
Range.—Off Nova Scotia to Brazil; 22 to 1,178 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table 87, page 266.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 1
SPECIES OF RANINOIDES.
1, R. loevis, female (22560), natural size, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, R. lamarcki, female (7754),
natural size, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, R. louisianensis, male holotype (9659), natural size,
dorsal view; 6, same, ventral view; 7, R. benedicti, male holotype (57685), natural size, dorsal view; 8,
same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 2
SPECIES OF RANINOIDES.
1, R. nitidus, male holotype, 8 mm long, X 7, dorsal view; 2, same, right frontobuccal region with append-
ages, X 22; 3, R. fossor, type, right chela and carpus, outer face, X 7; 4, same, anterior part of carapace and
ocular peduncles, X 3, dorsal view; 5, same, extremity of second ambulatory foot, X 7. (After A. Milne
Edwards and Bouvier.)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEFETIN 166 PLATE 3
SPECIES OF RANILIA.
1, R. angustata, male (Glassell collection), * 2, dorsal view: 2, same, ventral view; 3, R. muricata, female
(29001), X 114, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, R. muricata, male (29001), X 114, dorsal view; 6, same,
ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 4
SPECIES OF RANILIA.
1, R. muricata, male, about two-thirds natural size, dorsal view (after Gibbes); 2, same, ventral view; 3,
R. muricata, female, type of R. stimpsoni, * 214 (approximately), dorsal view (after A. Milne Edwards
and Bouvier); 4, same, extremity of second left ambulatory leg, X 5 (approximately); 5, R. constricta,
male type, X 245 (approximately), dorsal view (after A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier).
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 5
SPECIES OF RANILIA, LYREIDUS, AND SYMETHIS.
1, Ranilia constricta, female (48642), X 1! dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view: 3, R. fornicata, male (21710),
X 2, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, Lyreidus bairdii, male (66639), natural size, dorsal view; 6, same,
ventral view; 7, Symethis variolosa, female (47973), X 114, dorsal view; 8, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 6
DROMIA ERYTHROPUS.
1, Male (2197), two-fifths natural size, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE7
SPECIES OF DROMIDIA.
1, D. antillensis, male (42913), natural size, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, photograph of same species
taken in aquarium at Tortugas, Fla.; 4, D. larraburei, female (40475), natural size, dorsal view; 5, same,
ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 8
SPECIES OF HYPOCONCHA AND LARVAL DROMID, EVIUS.
1, Evius ruber, male, X 245 (approximately), ventral view (after Moreira); 2, same, dorsal view; 3,
Flypoconcha sabulosa, male (66796), X 125 (approximately), dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, ZT. lowei,
female holotype (67575), 124 (approximately), dorsal view; 6, same, ventral view.
U S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 9
SPECIES OF HYPOCONCHA.
1, I. sabulosa, ventral view of anterior part (after La Sagra and Guérin); 2, same species, female, five-sixths
natural size, dorsal view (after Herbst); 3, same, ventral view; 4, same species, Male (66796) in its natural
habitat; 5, same, underneath bivalve shell; 6, 7. panamensis, female (40474), X 124, dorsal view; 7, same,
ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL. MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 10
SPECIES OF HYPOCONCHA.
1, H. spinosissima, male (66793), X 2, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, H. californiensis, male (42224),
X 3, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEETIN 166 PLATE 11
HYPOCONCHA ARCUATA.
1, Male (67862), carapace 23.6 mm long, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, male (42222), X 2, dorsal view;
4, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 12
DYNOMENE URSULA AND ACANTHODROMIA ERINACEA.
1, Dynomene ursula, male (68316), X 114, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, same species, male (61519),
X 225, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, Acanthodromia erinacea, female (9547), X 224, dorsal view;
6, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 13
HOMOLODROMIA PARADOXA AND DICRANODROMIA OVATA.
1, Homolodromia paradoxa, male holotype (M. C. Z. no. 6512), X 2, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view;
3, Dicranodromia ovata, female (57069), X 2, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 14
HOMOLODROMIA PARADOXA.
1, Male, X 114, dorsal view (after A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier); 2, left outer maxilliped, enlarged (after
Bouvier); 3, view of right side of carapace, enlarged (after Bouvier); 4, anterior part of ventral surface
of specimen shown in fig. 1, with antennae, x 534.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE]15
THELXIOPE BARBATA.
—
Male (23182), natural size, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 16
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U.S NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 17
HOMOLOGENUS ROSTRATUS
1, Male (7802), X 22, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, dorsal view (after A. Milne Edwards).
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 18
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 19
SPECIES OF PAROMOLA.
1, P. fazoni, female holotype (53331), carapace 45 mm long, ventral view; 2, P. rathbuni, male, Juan
Fernandez, carapace 109 mm long, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 20
LATREILLIA ELEGANS. |
Female (8044), X 2, dorsal view.
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 21
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 22
|
SPECIES OF ETHUSA.
1, E. mascarone panamensis, ovigerous female (66797), < 214, dorsal view; 2, #. m. americana, male, Tiburon
Island, X 3, dorsal view; 3, E. microphthalma, male (66829), natural size, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 23
SPECIES OF ETHUSA.
i, E. mascarone panamensis, ovigerous female (66797), < 214, ventral view; 2, E. m. americana, male, Tiburon
Island, X 3, ventral view; 3, . microphthalma, male (66829), natural size, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 24
. 3
SPECIES OF ETHUSA.
1, E. lata, male (22147), X 3, dorsal view; 2, E. ciliatifrons, male holotype (20630), natural size, dorsal view;
3, E. tenuipes, female (66815), X 3, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 25
SPECIES OF ETHUSA.
1, E. lata, male (22147), X 3, ventral view; 2, E. ciliatifrons, male holotype (20630), natural size, ventral
view; 3, E. tenuipes, female (66815), * 3, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 26
SPECIES OF ETHUSINA.
1, E. abyssicola, male holotype (7119), X 2, dorsal view; 2, E. smithiana, male holotype (20631), X 3, dorsal
view; 3, EL. faronii, female holotype (M. C. Z. no. 4502), X 2, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 27
SPECIES OF ETHUSINA.
1, E. obyssicola, male holotype (7119), X 2, ventral view; 2, 2. smithiana, male holotype (20631), < 3, ventral
view; 3, E. faronii. female holotype (M. C. Z. no. 4502), * 2, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 28
SPECIES OF ETHUSA.
1, E. truncata, male, X 514 (approximately), dorsal view (after A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier); 1a, front of
same species, X 1534, dorsal view (after A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier); 2, E. lata, female, about natural
size, dorsal view (after Faxon); 3, E. ciliatifrons, male, about natural size, dorsal view (after Faxon).
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 29
CORYCODUS BULLATUS AND CYMOPOLUS ASPER.
1-4, Corycodus bullatus: 1, Carapace, female, X 714, dorsal view; 2, ambulatory leg, 21; 3, ventral surface of
same, with outer maxilliped, X 714; 4, anterior end of same, with appendages, X 21, ventral view. (After
A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.)
5-8, Cymopolus asper: 5, Carapace, male, X 714, dorsal view; 6, anterior part of same, with antennae, X 11,
ventral view; 7, left outer maxilliped, % 13, dorsal view; 8, left antenna, X 30, ventral view
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 30
SPECIES OF CORYCODUS, CYMOPOLUS, CYMONOMUS, AND ETHUSINA.
1, Corycodus bullatus, female (18061), X 3, dorsal view; 2, Cymopolus agassizii, male (18682), < 3, dorsal view;
3, Cymonomus quadratus, male (68094), < 3, dorsal view; 4, Fihusina gracilipes, female (20633), * 2, dorsal
view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 31
SPECIES OF CORYCODUS, CYMOPOLUS, CYMONOMUS, AND ETHUSINA.
1, Corycodus bullatus, female (18061), X 3, ventral view; 2, Cymopolus agassizii, male (18682), * 3, ventral
view; 3, Cymonomus quadratus, male (68094), X 3, ventral view; 4, Ethusina gracilipes, female (20633),
X 2, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 32
SPECIES OF CYCLODORIPPE.
1, C. antennaria, female (9517), X 314, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, C. bouvieri, male holotype (67990),
219, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, C. agassizii, male (68071), X 214, dorsal view; 6, same, ventral
view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 33
SPEGIES OF €CLYTHROGERUS:
1, C. nitidus, male (18681), * 225, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, C. perpusillus, female holotype
(23777), X 8 (approximately), dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, C. granulatus, female (67454), x 4,
dorsal view; 6, same, ventral view; 7, C. granulatus, male (67453), * 53s, dorsal view; 8, same, ventral
view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 34
SPECIES OF GLYTHROGCERUS.
1, C. planus, male (50611), X 27i0, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, C. decorus, male holotype (67435),
>< 334, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, C. stimpsoni, female type (M. C. Z. no. 8261), X 9, dorsal
view; 6, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 35
SPECIES OF EBALIA.
1, E. stimpsonii, male (66514), X 4 (approximately), ventral view; 2, E. stimpsonii, female (66514), 4, dorsal
view; 3, same, ventral view; 4, E. magdalenensis, young female, Concepcion Bay (Glassell collection),
3, dorsal view; 5, same, ventral view; 6, EZ. cariosa, male (17858), X 2, dorsal view; 7, same, ventral
view; 8, E. cristata, male type (21599), X 3, dorsal view; 9, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
1,
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 36
SPECIES OF UHLIAS AND EBALIA
Uhlias ellipticus, female (68259), 334, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, U. limbatus, female (55204),
270 (approximately), dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, U. limbatus, male (55203), X 2740 (approxi-
67988), < 334 (approximately), dorsofrontal
.Z. no. 6662), X 2310, dorsal
mately), ventral view; 6, Ebalia hancocki, female helotype (
dorsal view: &, same, ventral view; 9, E. rotundata, male (M. C
rotundata, female (M. C. Z. no. 6662), X 2710, dorsal view; 12, same,
view; 7, same,
view: 10, same, ventral view; 11, E.
ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
BULLEMIN 166 PLATE 37
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SPECIES OF EBALIA.
wy
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1, E. stimpsonii, female, dorsal view;
. stimpsonii, male, sternum and abdomen, ventral view; 3, EP.
stimpsonii, carapace of small male, dorsal view; 4, 2. rotundata, abdomen of female, ventral view; 5, FE.
rotundata, female, dorsal view.
All X 744. (After A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 38
SPECIES OF LITHADIA.
1, 2, L. cwmingii: 1, Female (22132), X 3, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
3-6, L. cadaverosa: 3, Male (17855), X 3, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, female (17854), X 3, dorsal
view; 6, same, ventral view. |
7-15, L. cumingii: 7, Male, dorsal view; 8, right side of carapace; 9, left cheliped; 10, right outer maxilliped;
11, abdomen; 12, young male, dorsal view; 13, right side of carapace; 14, left cheliped; 15, right outer maxil-
liped. (After Bell.)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 39
SPEGCIES‘OF SPEEQGEOPHORUS:
1, S. pontifer, female (17853), X 2, ventral view; 2, same, dorsal view; 3, same, posterior view; 4, S. digueti,
male (66515), X 2, posterior view; 5, same, dorsal view; 6, same, ventral view; 7, S. elevatus, male (66524),
X 2 (approximately), posterior view; 8, same, dorsal view; 9, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 40
SPECIES OF SPELOEOPHORUS.
1, S. nodosus, male, dorsal view (after Bell); 2, posterior view of carapace (after Bell); 3, left cheliped (after
Bell); 4, posterior leg (after Bell); 5, left outer maxilliped (after Bell); 6, S. schmitti, female holotype
(67728), 2, dorsal view; 7, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 41
SPELOEOPHORUS SCHMITTI.
1, Male, San Felipe (Glassell collection), X 2, ventral view; 2, female (67728), X 2, posterior view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 42
SPECIES OF PERSEPHONA.
1, P. townsendi, male (17383), nine-tenths natural size, dorsal view; 2, P. punctata punctata, male (7565),
nine-tenths natural size, dorsal view; 3, same, ventral view; 4, P. finneganae, carapace of young female
(66784), X 27{0, dorsal view; 5, same, ventral view; 6, P. punctata aquilonaris, mele (17834), nine-tenths
natural size, ventral view; 7, same, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 43
SPECIES OF PERSEPHONA
1, P. townsendi, male (17383), nine-tenths natural size, ventral view; 2, P. crinita, male holotype (63739),
carapace 21.6 mm wide, dorsal view; 3, same, ventral view; 4, P. swbovata, male holotype (17385), X 145,
dorsal view; 5, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 44
PERSEPHONA CRINITA.
1, Male nolotype (63739), carapace 21.6 wide, frontal view; 2, male (66468), < 145, dorsal view; 3, same
ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 45
SPECIES OF PERSEPHONA.
1, P. lichtensteinii, dorsal view; 2, same, left side of carapace; 3, P. edwardsii, female, dorsal view; 4, same,
abdomen; 5, P. orbicularis, female, dorsal view; 6, same, abdomen. (After Bell.)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 46
MyYROPSIS QUINQUESPINOSA.
1, Male (66484), about one-half natural size, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, dorsal view, reduced, of
specimen from Copenhagen Museum.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 47
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PHILYRA PISUM.
1, Male (45862), 2, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 43
LEUCOSILIA JURINEI!.
i; Male (39102), <2, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, dorsal view; 4. left side of carapace; 5, left cheliped;
6, left outer maxilliped; 7, male abdomen; 8, female abdomen. (Figs. 3-8 after Bell.)
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 49
RANDALLIA ORNATA.
1, Male (3101), natural size, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 50
SPECIES OF RANDALLIA.
1, R. bulligera, female (66509), * 3, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, R. agaricias, male holotype (21601),
X 3, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 51
RANDALLIA CURACAOENSIS.
1, Female holotype (56907), 8.4 mm long, left profile; 2, same, dorsal view; 3, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 52
RANDALLIA AMERICANA.
1, Male holotype (17388), 3, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 53
ILIACANTHA SUBGLOBOSA.
1, Male (55193), X 3, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 54
ILIACANTHA INTERMEDIA.
1, Male (55189), X 254, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 55
ILIACANTHA LIODACTYLUS.
1, Male holotype (20327), X 2740, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 56
ILIACANTHA SPARSA.
1, Male (11020), X 214, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 57
ILIACANTHA HANCOCKI.
1, Male holotype (69260), dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL. MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 58
CALLIDACTYLUS ASPER.
1, Female (55194), X 3, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view, immature; 3, Male (55183), X 3, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 59
CALAPPA FLAMMEA.
1, Male (66366), two-thirds natural size, ventral view for chelae; 2, same, dorsal view.
U S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 60
SPECIES OF CALAPPA.
1, C. flammea, male (66366), three-fifths natural size, ventral view for abdomen; 2, C. springeri, male (66383),
about cne-ha!f natural size, ventral view for abdomen.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 61
CALAPPA SPRINGERI.
1, Male (66383), one-half natural size, ventral view for chelae; 2, same, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 62
CALAPPA CONVEXA.
1, Male (66510), two-thirds natural size, ventral view for chelae; 2, same, dorsal view; 3, same, ventral for
abdomen.
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 63
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 64
SPECIES OF CALAPPA.
1, C. angusta, ycung male (51070), X 123, vertral view for chelse; 2, same, dcrsal view; 3, same ventral view
for abdomen; 4, C. angusta, adult male holotype (66382), five-sixths natural size, ventral view for chelae;
5, same, dorsal view; 6, same, ventral view for abdomen; 7, C. sulcata, male (24079), 124, ventral view for
chelae; 8, same, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 65
SPECIES OF CALAPPA:
1, C. sulcata, male (24079), X 2, ventral view for abdomen; 2, C. gallus, male (66368), natural size, dersal
view; 3, same, ventral view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 66
MURSIA GAUDICHAUDII.
1, Male (15607), two-thirds natural size, ventral view for chelae; 2, same, dorsal view; 3, same, ventral
view for abdomen.
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 67
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 68
ACANTHOCARPUS BISPINOSUS.
1, Male (66389), reduced, ventral view for chelae; 2, same, dorsal view; 3, same, ventral view for abdomen.
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 69
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 71
HEPATUS EPHELITICUS.
(After Herklots.)
anterior portion, ventral view; 3, right cheliped, outer face; 4, abdomen of female.
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1, Dorsal view, reduced; ‘
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 72
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 73
of chela and carpus; 4, inner face of outer maxilliped; 5, outer antenna,
2
HEPATUS CHILIENSIS.
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1, Dorsal view, about natural size; +
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 74
HEPATUS LINEATUS.
1, Female, San Felipe (Glassell collection), X 135, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 75
HEPATUS LINEATUS.
1, Female, San Felipe (Glassell collection), * 155, front view; 2, male (67730), X 154, ventral view.
BULLETIN 166 PLATE 76
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE77
SPECIES OF OSACHILA.
1, O. semilevis, female holotype (17851), X 2!4, dorsal view; 2, O. antillensis, female holotype (9503), X 2,
dorsal view; 3, O. tuberosa, female (8746), 2!2, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 78
SPECIES OF OSACHILA AND CRYPTOCHIRUS.
1, Osachila lata, male, Mexico (Calif. Acad. Sci.), X 2, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, O. levis, ovigerous
female holotype (21598), X 2, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view; 5, Cryptochirus corallicola, female
(61517), X 3, dorsal view; 6, same, ventral view; 7, 8, C. corallicola, Tortugas, and its burrow in Maeandra
areolata.
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4,
S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 79
OSACHILA ACUTA AND HAPALOCARCINUS MARSUPIALIS
2, Osachila acuta: 1, Male (69619), * 214, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view, X 24
Hapalocarcinus marsupialis: 3, Female (69177), * 3, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral view, X 3; 5, same
specimen in half of a Pocillopora gall, * 114; 6, the other half of the same gall, X 1!4; 7, a young gall in
the making, X 114; 8, a full-sized gall, & 114; 9, side view of same gall showing breathing holes, X 1
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 80
SPECIES OF CLYTHROCERUS AND RANINOIDES.
1, Clythrocerus laminatus, female (69222), X 414, dorsal view; 2, piece of shell, normally carried by this
species for protection; 3, C. /aminatus, male holotype (69221), X 419, ventral view; 4, same, dorsal view;
=, Raninoides ecuadorensis, carapace (69320), X 145, dorsal view; 6, same species, male holotype (69319),
> 145, ventral view; 7, same, dorsal view.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE81
——
Sa
2
CYCLODORIPPE BOUVIERI.
1, Male holotype (67990), 5.2 mm long, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 82
SPECIES OF EBALIA AND OSACHILA.
1, Ebalia hancocki, female (69273), X 3, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, E. clarionensis, male holotype
(69343), X 3, ventral view; 4, same, dorsal view; 5, Osachila galapagensis, female holotype (69215), 2,
dorsal view.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 83
ILIACANTHA SCHMITTI AND OSACHILA GALAPAGENSIS.
1, Tliacantha schmitti, female holotype (69259), dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, Osachila galapagensis,
female holotype (69215), 2, ventral view
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 166 PLATE 84
i, Male holotype (69745), X 5, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, female, X 2, dorsal view; 4, same, ventral
|
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RANDALLIA MINUTA.
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BULLETIN 166 PLATE 85
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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BULLETIN 166 PLATE 86
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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*"SNSGSNONINO NOAYSAD
INDEX
abyssicola, Ethusa (Ethusina), 91.
Ethusina, 5, 89, 91, 95.
abyssicola typica, Ethusina, 91.
Acanthocarpus, 196, 220, 221.
alexandri, 220, 221, 226, 227.
bispinosus, 221, 224,228.
Acanthodromia, 54, 55.
erinacea, 55.
acanthophora, Thealia, 215.
actaeiformis, Maxillothrix, 54.
acuta, Osachila, 248, 257.
Aethusa ciliatifrons, 88.
lata, 84.
pubescens, 84, 85.
Aethusina gracilipes, 94.
smithiana, 92.
agaricias, Randallia, 172, 178, 181.
agassirii, Cymopolus, 100.
agassizi, Cyclodorippe, 105, 106.
Cymopolus, 100.
agassizii, Cyclodorippe, 103, 104-106,
108.
Cymopolus, 99, 100, 102.
Cymopolus asper, 100.
alexandri, Acanthocarpus,
226,201.
alia, Guaia, 152.
americana, Ebalia, 182.
Ethusa, 78, 79.
Ethusa mascarone, 5, 78-81.
americana, Randallia, 171, 182, 184.
amica, Hepatella, 247-249.
angst, Calappa, 5, 198, 210, 212, 213,
35
220, 221,
angustata, Hepatus, 234, 235, 244.
Ranilia, 5, 17, 19.
antennaria, Cyclodorippe, 104, 107.
antillensis, Dromidia, 5, 32, 33, 35-41.
Osachila, 5, 248, 250, 251, 254, 255.
Apogon sellicauda, 264.
aquilonaris, Persephona punctata, 152,
154, 156, 157.
Arachnodromia, 59.
baffini, 59.
arcuata, Hypoconcha, 5, 44, 47, 49, 50.
areolata, Meandra, 264.
asper, Callidactylus, 192, 193, 195.
Cymopolus, 98-100.
asper agassizii, Cymopolus, 100.
atlantica, Cycloés bairdii, 225.
baffini, Arachnodromia, 59.
bairdii, Cycloés, 5, 225, 230-233.
Cyclois, 225.
Lyreidus, 23, 25.
bairdii atlantica, Cycloés, 225.
balguerii, Cyclois, 225.
Mursia, 225.
80232—37——20
barbata, Homola, 65.
Thelxiope, 63, 65-67.
barbatus, Cancer, 63.
benedicti, Raninoides, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14.
bicornis, Calappa gallus, 214.
Pies. Acanthocarpus, 221, 224,
bouvieri, Cyclodorippe, 104, 106, 108.
Box crab, 4.
Brachygnatha, 6, 264.
Brachyrhyncha, 264.
Brachyura, 6.
brasiliensis, Ebalia (Lithadia), 125.
Lithadia, 130.
bullatus, Coryeodus, 101, 103.
bulligera, Randallia, 171, 180, 176.
cadaverosa, Lithadia, 136, 137, 139.
Calappa, 196, 197, 215.
angusta, 5, 198, 210, 212, 213, 235.
calappa, 197.
convexa, 5, 198, 206, 208, 209.
flammea, 5, 198-206, 210.
fornicola, 197.
galloides, 214.
gallus, 197, 198, 214, 216-219.
gallus bicornis, 214.
gallus capellonis, 214.
gallus galloides, 214.
granulata, 197.
lophos, 197.
marmorata, 198, 199.
saussurei, 5, 198, 206, 207, 209, 210.
saussurei tortugae, 210.
springeri, 198, 205.
squamosa, 214.
suleata, 198, 211, 213.
xantusiana, 206.
Calappidae, 4, 5, 75, 196.
Calappinae, 196, 197.
calappoides, Hepathus, 234, 235.
Calico crab, 238.
californiensis, Hypoconcha, 44, 51.
Platymera, 220.
Callidactylus, 123, 192.
asper, 192, 193, 195.
Camara, 197.
eancellus, Cancer, 167.
Cancer barbatus, 63.
cancellus, 167.
chelis crassissimis, 198.
craniolaris, 123.
decorus, 238.
dorsipes, 17.
dromia, 30.
epheliticus, 238.
erythropus, 31.
flammeus, 199.
273
274
Cancer floridus, 238.
gallus, 214.
granulatus, 198.
latiusculo convexo * #*
talis, 235.
marinus chelis rubris, 31.
mediterraneus, 153.
nucleus, 123.
planatus, 194.
princeps, 235.
pudibundus, 235.
punctatus, 151,152.
sabulosa, 45.
Cangrejo Tortugas, 153.
capellonis, Calappa gallus, 214.
caribensis, Eryon, 26.
Zanclifer, 24, 26.
cariosa, Ebalia, 5, 124, 125, 128, 130.
Lithadia, 125.
Caulolatilus princeps, 231.
Chalaepus, 265.
trispinosus, 265.
challengeri, Ethusa (Ethusina), 93.
Ethusina, 93, 94.
chilensis, Hepatus, 244.
chiliensis, Hepatus, 234, 244, 245.
ciliatifrons, Aethusa, 88.
Ethusa, 78, 88, 90.
clarionensis, Ebalia, 124, 132.
Clythrocerus, 77, 109, 118.
decorus, 109, 118.
granulatus, 109, 119, 120.
laminatus, 109, 115, 117.
nitidus, 109, 110, 112, 113.
perpusillus, 109, 111.
planus, 109, 114, 116.
stimpsoni, 109, 121.
constricta, Myropsis, 164, 166, 169.
Ranilia;, 5; 176220:
constrictus, Raninops, 17, 20.
convexa, Calappa, 5, 198, 206, 208, 209.
corallicola, Cryptochirus, 262, 263.
Troglocarcinus, 262.
coralliodytes, Cryptochirus, 262.
Corycodus, 77, 101.
bullatus, 101, 103.
Crab, box, 4.
deep sea red, 271.
Dolly Varden, 238.
hairy, 4.
shame-faced, 4.
three thorned, 152.
craniolaris, Cancer, 123.
Leucosia, 123.
crinita, Persephona, 152, 163, 165.
cristata, Ebalia, 124, 132, 134.
Mursia, 215.
Mursica, 215.
Cryptochirus, 262.
corallicola, 262, 263.
corallicdytes, 262.
Cryptosoma, 225.
dentatum, 225.
cubensis, Elbalia (Lithadia), 144.
cumingii, Lithadia, 186, 138.
curacaoensis, Randallia, 172, 182.
Cyclodorippe, 77, 103, 104.
agassizi, 105, 106.
agassizii, 103-106, 108.
* cris-
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Cyclodorippe antennaria, 104, 107.
bouvieri, 104, 106, 108.
granulata, 119.
nitida, 109.
plana, 114.
Cycloés, 196, 225, 229.
bairdii, 5, 225, 230-233.
bairdii atlantica, 225.
granulosa, 225.
Cyclois bairdii, 225.
balguerii, 225.
Cymonomus, 77, 96, 98.
quadratus, 96-98.
Cymopolia, 264.
Cymopolus, 77, 98.
agassirii, 100.
agassizi, 100.
agassizii, 99, 100, 102.
asper, 98-100.
Decapoda, 6.
decorus, Gancer, 238.
Clythrocerus, 109, 118.
Hepatus, 238, 244.
dentatum, Cryptosoma, 225.
Dicranodromia, 58, 59. ‘
ovata, 59,60, 64.
digueti, Hypoconcha, 47.
Lithadia, 148.
Speloeophorus, 142, 148, 149.
disjunctipes, Nasinatalis, 101.
Dolly Varden crab, 238.
Doripe spinifrons, 63.
Dorippidae, 5, 75, 77.
Dorrippidea, 75.
Dorrippiens, 75.
dorsipes, Cancer, 17.
Ranina, 8, 13.
Dromia, 30, 32.
erythropus, 28-31, 33. 4
lator, 31.
dromia, Cancer, 30.
Dromiacea, 4, 6, 27.
Dromidea, 27.
Dromidia, 30, 32, 34.
antillensis, 5, 32, 33, 35-41.
hirsutissima, 32.
larraburei, 5, 32, 35, 42, 43.
sarraburei, 35.
segnipes, 35.
Dromiens, 27.
Dromiidae, 5, 30.
Dromiidea, 27, 30.
Dynomene, 54, 55.
ursula, 54, 56.
Dynomenidae, 30, 51.
Dynomeninae, 51.
Ebalia, 122, 123.
americana, 182.
(Lithadia) brasiliensis, 125.
cariosa, 5, 124, 125, 128, 130.
clarionensis, 124, 132.
cristata, 124, 132, 134.
(Lithadia) cubensis, 144.
fossa, 144.
hancocki, 124, 128, 132, 133.
magdalenensis, 5, 124, 128, 129,
131.
mamillosa, 145.
pennantii, 123.
ee
INDEX
Ebalia rotundata, 124, 135.
stimpsoni, 124.
stimpsonii, 124, 125, 127.
tuberculata, 132.
tuberosa, 128.
Ebaliinae, 122, 123.
ecuadorensis, Raninoides, 8, 15.
edwardsii, Persephona, 152, 154, 158,
1
63.
elegans, Latreillia, 73, 74, 76.
elevatus, Speloeophorus, 142, 145, 147.
ellipticus, Uhlias, 5, 149.
epheliticus, Cancer, 238.
Hepatus, 234, 288, 240, 241, 242.
Epinephelus morio, 216.
erinacea, Acanthodromia, 55.
Eryon ecaribensis, 26.
trilobatus, 26.
erythropus, Cancer, 31.
Dromia, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33.
Ethusa, 77, 78, 89.
(Ethusina) abyssicola, 91.
americana, 78, 79.
(Ethusina) challengeri, 98.
ciliatifrons, 78, 88, 90.
(Ethusina) gracilipes, 94.
(Ethusina) gracilipes robusta, 94,
96
lata, 5, 78, 84, 86.
mascarone, 77, 79.
mascarone americana, 5, 78, 79,
80, 81.
mascarone panamensis, 5, 78, 79,
81
microphthalma, 5, 78, 82, 838, 87,
91.
tenuipes, 78, 87, 90.
truncata, 78, 85.
Ethusina, 77, 89.
abyssicola, 5, 89, 91, 95.
abyssicola typica, 91.
challengeri, 93, 94.
faxonii, 89, 93.
gracilipes, 89, 94, 96, 97.
gracilipes robusta, Ethusa, 94, 96.
smithiana, 5, 89, 91-93.
Evius, 30.
ruber, 30, 31.
fasciatus, Hepatulus, 234.
Hepatus, 235.
Faux Bernard |’ Hermite, 44.
faxoni, Homola, 68.
Paromola, 68, 72.
Ethusina, 89, 93.
finneganae, Persephona, 152, 161, 162.
flammea, Calappa, 5,198—206,210.
flammeus, Cancer, 199.
floridus, Cancer, 238.
fornicata, Ranilia, 5, 17, 20, 22.
Raninops, 20.
fornicola, Calappa, 197.
fossa, Ebalia, 144.
fossor, Raninoides, 8, 16.
Raninopsis, 16.
fugax, Myra, 152.
galapagensis, Osachila, 5, 248, 250, 254,
255.
galloides, Calappa, 214.
275
galloides, Calappa gallus, 214,
Gallus, 197.
gallus, Calappa, 197, 198, 214, 216-219.
Cancer, 214.
Cancer (Calappa), 214.
gallus, bicornis, Calappa, 214.
gallus, capellonis Calappa, 214.
gallus, galloides, Calappa, 214.
gaudichaudi, Platymera, 220.
gaudichaudij, Mursia, 220, 222, 223.
Platymera, 215, 220.
geometrica, Lithadia, 125.
Geryon, 6, 265.
quinquedens, 4, 266, 271.
tridens, 265.
goliath, Myropsis, 164, 169.
Goneplacidae, 6, 265.
gracilipes, Aethusina, 94.
Ethusa (Ethusina), 94.
Ethusina, 89, 94, 96, 97.
gracilipes robusta, Ethusa (Ethusina)
Gracillaria, 232.
granulata, Calappa, 197.
Gyclodorippe, 119.
granulatus, Cancer, 198.
Clythrocerus, 109, 119, 120.
granulosa, Cycloés, 225.
Lithadia, 136, 140, 141.
griseus, Neomaenis, 232.
Guaia, 151.
alia, 152.
(Ilia) jurinei, 170.
ornata, 172.
punctata, 153, 154.
guaia, Persephona, 153.
Gymnopleura, 4, 6.
Hairy crab, 4.
Halimeda, 253.
hancocki, Ebalia, 124, 128, 1382, 133.
Tliacantha, 5, 185, 187, 191.
Hapalocarcinidae, 259.
Hapalocarcinidea, 4, 6, 258.
Hapalocarcinus, 259.
marsupialis, 259, 260, 261.
Hepatella, 196, 247.
amica, 247-249.
peruviana, 247-249.
Hepathus, 234.
calappoides, 234, 235.
Hepatulus, 234.
fasciatus, 234.
Hepatus, 196, 234, 235, 247, 248.
angustata, 234, 244.
angustatus, 235, 244.
chilensis, 244.
chiliensis, 234, 244, 245.
decorus, 238, 244.
epheliticus, 234, 238, 240-242.
fasciatus, 235.
kossmanni, 234, 235, 239, 243.
lineatus, 234, 246.
princeps, 5, 234-239.
sp., 246.
tuberculatus, 235.
vanbenedenii, 238.
Hippa variolosa, 26.
Hippocarcinus, 62.
hispidus, 62.
276 BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
hirsutissima, Dromidia, 32.
hispidus, Hippocarcinus, 62.
Homola, 62, 63.
barbata, 65.
faxoni, 68.
spinifrons, 62, 63.
vigil, 66.
Homolidae, 62.
Homolidea, 61.
Homoliens, 61.
Homolodromia, 58, 690.
paradoxa, 58.
Homolodromiidae, 30, 57, 58.
Homologenus, 62, 70.
rostratus, 70-72.
(Homolopsis) rostratus, 70.
Homolopsis, 70.
rostratus, 70.
Homolus, 62.
Hypoconcha, 27, 30, 44.
arcuata, 5, 44, 47, 49, 50.
californiensis, 44, 51.
digueti, 47.
lowei, 44, 50, 53.
panamensis, 5, 44, 47, 52, 53.
peruviana, 47.
sabulosa, 44, 45, 48, 50.
spinosissima, 44, 46, 48.
Tlia, 194.
ornata, 172.
Iliacantha, 123, 183, 185.
hancocki, 5, 185, 187, 191.
intermedia, 185, 186, 189.
Henne 5, 185, 186, 187, 189,
90.
schmitti, 5, 185, 192, 195.
sparsa, 5, 185, 190, 191.
subglobosa, 185, 186, 188.
Tliinae, 151, 183.
inaequilaterale, Poecilasma, 228.
intermedia, [liacantha, 185, 186, 189.
jurinei, Guaia (Ilia), 170.
Leucosilia, 170.
ee Hepatus, 5, 234, 235, 239,
4
lacunosa, Lithadia, 125, 130.
laevis, Persephona (Myropsis), 177.
Randallia, 171, 177.
Raninoides, 8, 9.
laevis lamarcki, Raninoides, 8, 9, 13.
lamarcki, Raninoides, 8, 138, 16.
Raninoides laevis, 8, 9, 13.
lamarckii, Persephona, 153.
laminatus, Clythrocerus, 109, 115, 117.
larraburei, Dromidia, 5, 32, 35, 42, 43.
lata, Aethusa, 84.
Ethusa, 5, 78, 84, 86.
Osachila, 248, 257, 258.
lator, Dromia, 31.
Latreillia, 73.
elegans, 73, 74, 76.
pennifera, 74.
valida, 74.
latreillii, Persephona, 151, 1538.
Latreilliidae, 62, 73.
Leucosia, 123, 194.
craniolaris, 123.
nuclea, 1238.
nucleus, 194.
Leucosia pacifica, 183.
planata, 194.
Leucosidae, 121.
Leucosides, 123.
Leucosiidae, 5, 75, 121, 122.
Leucosiinae, 123, 151, 183.
Leucosilia, 123, 170.
jurinei, 170.
Leucosoidea, 75.
levis, Osachila, 248, 254, 256.
Raia, 270.
Ranina, 8.
hentensteint Persephona, 152, 161,
163
limbatus, Uhlias, 5, 149, 150.
lineatus, Hepatus, 234, 246.
liodactylus, ITliacantha, 5, 185-187,
189, 190.
Lithadia, 122, 136.
brasiliensis, 130.
cadaverosa, 136, 1387, 139.
cariosa, 125.
cumingil, 136, 138.
digueti, 148.
geometrica, 125.
granulosa, 136, 140, 141.
lacunosa, 125, 130.
pontifera, 144.
rotundata, 135.
Lithoscaptus, 262.
paradoxus, 262.
loevis, Ranina, 8.
Raninoides, 5, 7, 8, 10-12, 16.
Lophos, 197. :
lophos, Calappa, 197.
louisianensis, Raninoides, 8, 12, 13.
lowei, Hypoconcha, 44, 50, 53.
Lyreidus, 7, 21.
bairdii, 23, 25.
tridentatus, 21.
magdalenensis, Ebalia, 5, 124, 128, 129,
roils
mamillosa, Ebalia, 145.
marmorata, Cancer, 198, 199.
marsupialis, Hapalocarcinus, 259-261.
mascarone, Ethusa, 79.
mascarone americana, Ethusa, 5, 78-81
mascarone panamensis, Ethusa, 5, 78,
9,
Matutidae, 196, 234.
Matutinae, 196, 234.
Maxillothrix, 54.
actaeiformis, 54.
Meandra, 264.
areolata, 264.
Meandrina, 264.
mediterraneus, Cancer, 153.
Membranipora, 130.
microphthalma, Ethusa, 5, 78, 82, 83,
87, 91.
Millepora, 262.
minuta, Randallia, 172, 179.
morio, Epinephelus, 216.
Murex, 247.
muricata, Ranilia, 5, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20.
Mursia, 196, 215.
balguerii, 225.
cristata, 215.
INDEX
Mursia gaudichaudii, 220, 222, 223.
Mursica cristata, 215.
Mursie Mains-en-crete, 215.
Myra fugax, 152.
subovata, 158.
townsendi, 160.
Myropsis, 122, 164.
constricta, 164, 166, 169.
goliath, 164, 169.
quinquespinosa, 164, 166, 168, 169.
Nasinatalis, 101.
disjunctipes, 101.
Neomaenis griseus, 232.
nitida, Cyclodorippe, 109.
nitidus, Paneer: 109, 110, 112,
Ii
Peers. Se Ge 7.
nodosus, Oreophorus, 142.
Spelaeophorus, 142, 146.
Speloeophorus, 141, 142.
Notopus, 17.
rumphii, 17.
nuclea, Leucosia, 123.
nucleus, Cancer, 123.
Leucosia, 194.
Nursia tuberculata, 132.
orbicularis, Persephona, 152, 158, 160,
163
Oreophorus nodosus, 142.
Orithyia, 197.
ornata, Guaia, 172.
Tlia, 172.
Randallia, 171-175.
Osachila, 196, 248.
acuta, 248, 257.
antillensis, 5, 248, 250, 251, 254,
255.
galapagensis, 5, 248, 250, 254, 255.
lata, 248, 257, 258.
levis, 248, 254, 256.
semilevis, 248, 250, 251, 253.
tuberosa, 248, 250, 251, 252.
ovata, Dicranodromia, 59, 60, 64.
Oxystoma, 75.
Oxystomata, 4, 6, 75.
pacifica, Leucosia, 183.
palpigera, Thelxiope, 62, 63.
Seley Ethusa mascarone, 5, 78,
79, 8
een 5, 44, 47, 52, 53.
paradoxa, Homolodromia, 58.
paradoxus, Lithoscaptus, 262.
Paromola, 62, 68.
faxoni, 68, 72.
rathbuni, 68, 69.
Pecten ventricosus, 47.
Peltogaster, 227.
pennantii, Ebalia, 123.
pennifera, Latreillia, 74.
perpusillus, Clythrocerus, 109, 111.
Persephona, 122, 151, 152.
crinita, 152, 163, 165.
edwardsii, 152, 154, 158, 163.
finneganae, 152, 161, 162.
guaia, 153.
(Myropsis) laevis, 177.
lamarckii, 153.
latreillii, 151, 153.
277
Persephona lichtensteinii, 152, 161, 163.
orbicularis, 152, 158, 160, 163.
punctata, 153, 154, 163.
eae aquilonaris, 152, 154, 156,
157.
punctata punctata, 5, 152, 155.
subovata, 5, 152, 158, 159.
townsendi, 152, 160, 162.
Persephone punctata, 153.
peruviana, Hepatella, 247-249.
Hypoconcha, 47.
Philyra, 122, 167.
pisum, 167.
pisun, 167.
seabriuscula, 167.
Philyrinae, 122, 151.
Pistor, 197.
pisum, Philyra, 167.
pisun, Philyra, 167.
plana, Cyclodorippe, 114.
planata, Leucosia, 194.
planatus, Cancer, 194.
planus, Clythrocerus, 109, 114, 116.
Platymera, 215.
californiensis, 220.
gaudichaudi, 220.
gaudichaudii, 215, 220.
Pocillopora, 262.
Poecilasma inaequilaterale, 228.
pontifer, Speloeophorus, 142, 144, 145,
147.
arate Lithadia, 144.
Pridope, 77.
typica, 77.
princeps, Cancer, 235.
Caulolatilus, 231.
Hepatus, 5, 234-239.
Proctor, 73.
Pseudorhombilinae, 265.
pubescens, Aethusa, 84, 85.
pudibundus, Cancer, 235.
punctata, Guaia, 153, 154.
Persephona, 153, 154, 163.
Persphona punctata, 5, 152, 155.
Persephone, 153.
punctata aquilonaris, Persephona, 152,
154, 156, 157.
punctata punctata, Persephona, 5, 152,
155
punctatus, Cancer, 151, 152.
quadratus, Cymonomus, 96-98.
quinquedens, Geryon, 266, 271.
quinquespinosa, Myropsis, 164,
168, 169.
quinquidens, Geryon, 4.
Raia levis, 270.
Randallia, 123, 171.
agaricias, 172, 178, 181.
americana, 171, 182, 184.
bulligera, 171, 176, 180.
curacaoensis, 172, 182.
laevis, 171, 177.
minuta, 172, 179.
ornata, 171-175.
Ranilia, 7, 17.
angustata, 5, 17, 19.
constricta, 5, 17, 20.
fornicata, 5, 17, 20, 22.
166,
278
Ranilia muricata, 5, 14, 17-20.
stimpsoni, 18.
Ranina dorsipes, 8, 13.
levis, 8.
loevis, 8.
Raninidae, 5-7.
Raninoides, 7, 8.
Raninoides, benedicti, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14.
ecuadorensis, 8, 15.
fossor, 8, 16.
laevis lamarcki, 8, 9, 13.
lamarcki, 8, 18, 16.
loevis, 5, 7-12, 16.
louisianensis, 8, 12, 13.
nitidus, 8, 16, 17.
Raninops, 17.
constrictus, 17, 20.
fornicata, 20.
stimpsoni, 18.
Raninopsis fossor, 16.
rathbuni, Paromola, 68, 69.
Reptantia, 6.
Retropluma, 264.
robusta, Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes,
94, 96.
rostratus, Homolopsis, 70.
Homologenus, 70-72.
Homologenus (Homolopsis) 70.
rotundata, Ebalia, 124, 135.
Lithadia, 135.
ruber, Evius, 30, 31.
rumphii, Notopus, 17.
sabulosa, Cancer, 45.
Hypoconcha, 44, 45, 48, 50.
sarraburei, Dromidia, 35.
saussurei, Calappa, 5, 198, 206, 207,
saussurei tortugae, Calappa, 210.
seabriuscula, Philyra, 167.
schinitti, Iliacantha, 5, 185, 192, 195.
Speloeophorus, 142, 148.
segnipes, Dromidia, 35.
sellicauda, Apogon, 264.
semilevis, Osachila, 248, 250, 251, 253.
Seriatopora, 262.
Shame-faced crab, 4.
Sideropora, 262.
smithiana, Aethusina, 92.
Ethusina, 5, 89, 91-93.
sparsa, Iliacantha, 5, 185, 190, 191.
Spelaeophorus nodosus, 142, 146.
triangulus, 144.
Speloeophorus, 122, 141.
digueti, 142, 148, 149.
elevatus, 142, 145, 147.
nodosus, 141, 142.
pontifer, 142, 144, 145, 147.
schmitti, 142, 143.
BULLETIN 166, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
spinifrons, Doripe, 63.
Homola, 62, 63.
spinosissima, Hypoconcha, 44, 46, 48.
springeri, Calappa, 198, 205
squamosa, Calappa, 214.
stimpsoni, Clythrocerus, 109, 121.
Ebalia, 124.
Ranilia, 18.
Raninops, 18.
stimpsonii, Ebalia, 124, 125, 127.
Stylophora, 262.
subglobosa, Iliacantha, 185, 186, 188.
subovata, Myra, 158.
Persephona, 5, 152, 158, 159.
sulcata, Calappa, 198, 211, 213.
Symethis, 7, 24.
variolosa, 5, 24, 26, 28.
tenuipes, Ethusa, 78, 87, 90.
Thealia, 215.
acanthophora, 215.
Thelaiope, 62.
Thelxiope, 62, 63.
barbata, 63, 65-67.
palpigera, 62, 63.
vigil, 63, 66, 72.
Thelxiopeidea, 27, 61, 62.
Three thorned Crab, 152.
tortugae, Calappa saussurei, 210.
townsendi, Myra, 160.
Persephona, 152, 160, 162.
triangulus, Spelaeophorus, 144.
trilobatus, Eryon, 26.
tridens, Geryon, 265.
tridentatus, Lyreidus, 21.
trispinosus, Chalaepus, 265.
Troglocarcinus, 262.
corallicola, 262.
truncata, Ethusa, 78, 85.
tuberculata, Ebalia, 132.
Nursia, 132.
tuberculatus, Hepatus, 235.
tuberosa, Ebalia, 123.
Osachila, 248, 250-252.
typica, Ethusina abyssicola, 91.
Pridope, 77.
Uhlias, 122, 149.
ellipticus, 5, 149.
limbatus, 5, 149, 150.
ursula, Dynomene, 54, 56.
valida, Latreillia. 74.
vanbenedenii, Hepatus, 238.
variolosa, Hippa, 26.
Symethis, 5, 24, 26, 28.
ventricosus, Pecten, 47.
vigil, Homola, 66.
Thelxiope, 63, 66, 72.
xantusiana, Calappa, 206.
Zanclifer, 24.
caribensis, 24, 26.
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