United States National Museum
Bulletin 216
Ichneumon-F lies of
America North of Mexico:
1. Subfamily Metopiinae
By HENRY and MARJORIE TOWNES
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ¢ WASHINGTON, D.C. «© 1959
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Contents
Page
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Ichneumon-Flies
of America North of Mexico
Henry and Marjorie Townes
Introduction
THIS SERIES OF TAXONOMIC monographs on the ichneumon flies of
America North of Mexico, is being prepared under a project sup-
ported by the Dow Chemical Company, the University of Michigan,
and the National Science Foundation.
The basic financial support for this work has come from the Dow
Chemical Company. The University of Michigan has given working
space and facilities, and a grant from the National Science Founda-
tion has met such costs as travel, typing, and the preparation of
figures. We are grateful for the opportunity thus provided for
carrying the work forward.
Numerous colleagues and the collectors of earlier generations have
accumulated a mass of material which has made a reasonably com-
plete record of our fauna possible. Some of the more important
collections were made by C. F. Baker in Colorado and elsewhere;
Nathan Banks in Virginia and Massachusetts; P. P. Babiy at Ithaca,
N. Y.; G. E. Bohart and R. M. Bohart in California and Utah;
J. C. Bradley in British Columbia, California, and New York; Frank
De Gant in Ohio; R. R. Dreisbach in Michigan and other States;
P. W. Fattig in Georgia; H. R. Foxlee at Robson, B. C.; R. M. Fouts
in the vicinity of the District of Columbia; J. N. Knull in Ohio and
elsewhere; W. R. M. Mason in Canada, particularly in the far north;
A. L. Melander in the northwestern States; C. E. Mickel in Minne-
sota; J. G. Rempel in Saskatchewan; H. C. Severin in South Dakota;
A. T. Slosson on Mount Washington, N. H.; H. H. Smith in Alabama
and Pennsylvania; E. H. Strickland in Alberta; David Townes in
Arizona, California, Colorado, and Alaska; George Townes in Cali-
fornia, Colorado, and South Carolina; E. P. Van Duzee near Buffalo,
N. Y.; and G. S. Walley in Canada. The names of some of the many
other collectors appear in the statements on the distribution of the
various species. The combined efforts of these collectors, together
Vv
VI INTRODUCTION
with our own, have furnished the raw data for this study and for the
papers to follow on other parts of the family. Part of our own col-
lecting, that in Arizona, California, and Colorado in 1947 and 1948,
was supported by grants from the American Philosophical Society.
The curators of North American collections have been uniformly
helpful in making the material under their care available, and we
wish to express our thanks to them. Miss Luella Walkley of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Mr. J. F. Perkins of the British
Museum (Natural History) have, on several occasions, supplied tech-
nical information which was needed in the course of the study. The
drawings of generic characters were made by Mr. M. Tsujita and
those of specific characters mostly by Miss Y. Morimoto, under the
direction of Dr. M. Tokunaga of Kyoto, Japan. The habitus draw-
ings of two typical Metopiinae (figure 163) are by Miss M. McKay
of the Division of Entomology, Canadian Department of Agriculture,
and kindly lent to us for inclusion in this publication. The maps
showing the distribution of the species were prepared by Mrs. Rae
Stauffer. The manuscript was typed by Mrs. Stauffer and by Mr.
Duwane Barnes.
Materials Studied
An effort has been made to study the material in all of the large
North American collections, and since the curators contacted were
obliging in the loan of material, this has largely been accomplished.
The ichneumonid collections studied are listed below.
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American Museum, New York, New York
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Dreisbach Collection, Midland, Michigan
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon
Townes Collection, Ann Arbor, Michigan
U.S. National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
University of California, Berkeley, California
University of California at Davis, Davis, California
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
INTRODUCTION VII
We have studied all the types of genotypes, and of Nearctic forms,
known to be in existence.
Where it is of interest, as in the case of types or unusual specimens,
the location of particular specimens has been shown in the text by
including (in parentheses) an indication of the collection housing them.
For private collections the name of the owner has been used as this
indication, but for the public collections the name of the city of the
institution. The name of the city is thought to be a more convenient
and stable designation in such cases than the name of the institution,
as institutional names tend to change, and are usually more complex
than city names.
The holotypes belonging to the Townes and Dreisbach collections
are being deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Localities
All localities on the pin labels of specimens studied are listed under
each species and, except for indefinite localities like a state or other
large area, are spotted on the distribution maps. Localities easy to
find in atlases or to be found in the U. 8. Postal Guide are listed only
by name. The others usually have their counties given. Localities
which we could not find are in quotes. Unverified distributional
(or host) data in literature are not repeated, as this report is restricted,
so far as possible, to first-hand information.
Bibliography
Primary references concerning nomenclature of the Nearctic forms
have all been given, but except for the occasional references to the
biology, the others have been omitted. The omitted references are
believed to be of only historical importance, and if the student is
interested in them, all those published prior to 1943 may be found in a
recent catalog (Townes, 1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 11).
Terminology
Smith and Shenefelt (1956, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts,
Lett., vol. 44, pp. 168, 200-219) have published diagrams illustrating
most of the taxonomic terms commonly used for Ichneumonidae.
Their paper will answer most questions on terminology that may arise.
Our usage varies from theirs in a few instances as follows: EPOMIA
and NOTAULUS are used in place of their ‘“‘opomia” and ‘“notaulix’”’, as
being more generally used terms and more correct from the standpoint
of Greek derivation; in regard to notaulus in particular, see Forbes’
remarks (1940, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 35, pp. 136-137).
VIII INTRODUCTION
CHEEK is used for the space between the eye and the base of the
mandible (“malar space” of Smith and Shenefelt). TEMPLE is used
for the space between the hind margin of the eye and the occipital
carina (‘“‘gena” of Smith and Shenefelt). cLaspER is the outer lateral
piece of the male genitalia (‘‘paramere’”’ of Smith and Shenefelt).
The EPIPLEURUM (not in the Smith and Shenefelt diagrams) is the
thin free flange attached to the lower margin of an abdominal tergite
and usually sharply turned mesad to cover part of the lower side of
the abdomen laterally. The orsirT is the part of the head next to the
eye. The orbit is divisible into regions, with self-explanatory termi-
nology, like frontal orbit, hind orbit, lower hind orbit, etc.
The spelling pleurum, rather than pleuron, is preferred in this paper.
Pleurum comes from the Greek ‘‘pleuron’”’, meaning side. It is a
word similar to notum and sternum, which come from ‘‘noton” and
“sternon’’. All three Greek words have the neuter singular ending
“on”, which when brought into English may be transliterated as
-on or given as the Latin neuter singular ending -wm. It is strange
that “noton” and ‘‘sternon’” have come to be spelled notum and
sternum in English, while the structure between them, coming from a
Greek word with the same ending, is more often spelled pleuron than
pleurum. Either the -on or the -wm ending would be linguistically
acceptable for any of the three, but since they are for adjacent struc-
tures and are often used together, simplicity suggests that the choice of
endings should be the same in all three cases.
Counts and Measurements
In counting the abdominal segments, we (like Smith and Shenefelt)
start with the first apparent segment rather than with the first
morphological segment. The propodeum (the morphological first
segment of the abdomen) is included as a part of the thorax, which
it is from a functional standpoint.
Heavy use is made of measurements in the keys and descriptions,
not because we are fond of them or because they are unusually con-
stant, but because they seem to be the most convenient way to
express the differences of relative size and proportion which must be
relied on for many distinctions. A multitude of drawings would
be the only other practical method for showing these differences.
In measurements of proportions, like length in relation to width,
we have used a microscope with an ocular micrometer for the measure-
ments and a slide rule for the computations. The resulting figures
express differences that are evident to the practiced eye when com-
parison material is available, and need not be checked by measure-
ment in such cases, but without comparison material one must
usually measure rather exactly with a microscope and ocular microm-
INTRODUCTION IX
eter, and do the necessary arithmetic for getting proportions. Un-
educated guesses tend to lead one astray.
The length of a structure is ordinarily measured as its greatest
visible length, disregarding parts of it that may be hidden in a socket
or articulation. The width or depth is measured at its greatest
width or depth, disregarding hairs. The length of the front wing is
taken from the free edge of the tegula to the extreme apex of the wing.
The length of the first tergite is taken from the center of the insertion
of its dorsal (extensor) tendon to its apex. The width of the face
is taken at its NARROWEST point between the eyes. The height of
the face is measured from the center of the clypeal foveae (anterior
tentorial pits) to the lower margin of the antennal sockets.
The descriptions of the various aspects of the legs are as if they
were extended horizontally at right angles to the body. ‘Thus the top
and bottom edges and the front and rear faces of a structure like the
hind tibia would be different than if it were in the normal position
for walking. In order to arrive at a definite and uniform terminology,
it seems necessary to imagine the unnatural position of all legs being
stretched horizontally at right angles to the body, even if it seems
confusing at first, because the natural position of the legs differs be-
tween the front, middle, and hind legs, and puts many of the segments
in an oblique position.
The wing membrane of most Nearctic Metopiinae is hyaline or
almost so, and the wing veins and stigma are fuscous. In Metopius
there are various wing colors, which give good taxonomic characters,
so the wing color in Metopius has been described for each species.
For all other species it may be assumed to be approximately hyaline
with dark veins and stigma, unless described otherwise.
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1. Subfamily Metopiinae
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Subfamily Metopiinae
THE ICHNEUMON FLIES which are the subject of this paper are
stout-legged species, with a stout cylindric body, clypeus not separated
from face by a groove, scape ovoid (about 1.2 to 1.7 as long as wide),
spiracles of first abdominal segment at or in front of its midlength,
areolet absent or of the triangular type (though seldom really tri-
angular), ovipositor not protruding beyond end of abdomen, and
usually the second trochanter of the front and middle legs fused with
their femora. Their clypeus and face together form a bulging, convex
surface except in the genus Metopius, in which the face has a large,
flat or concave, escutcheon-shaped area. The upper margin of the
face is produced into a triangular process which extends between or
over the bases of the antennal sockets. This latter character occurs,
with variations, throughout the subfamily and is its most distinctive
single characteristic. The general habitus of the subfamily is illus-
trated by the figures of the various genera (figs. 163 to 177).
This subfamily stood taxonomically for many years as three
separate tribes in the subfamily Tryphoninae: the Metopiini, the
Tylocomnini (or Trachydermatini), and the Exochini. Several
authors had noted points of similarity between these tribes, and in
1945 they were grouped together as a single subfamily, separate from
the Tryphoninae (Townes, 1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 11,
pp. 570-588). A few genera which have been assigned to the Meto-
piinae or to the tribes united to form the subfamily, do not fit the
above definition of the subfamily. These, which we believe are prop-
erly assigned elsewhere, are discussed below.
Hyperacmus disagrees with the Metopiinae in lacking the inter-
antennal process of the frons; in having a sharp groove between the
clypeus and face, second trochanter of front and middle legs distinct,
a different style of carination on propodeum; and in some other, more
subtle, characters. Townes (1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 11,
p. 545) has referred Hyperacmus to the Plectiscinae, next to Microleptes,
which appears to be its proper position. The genus Jbornza, referred
by its author to the Metopiinae, is a member of the Tryphonini, near
Ctenochira.
Thibetoides is a genus of Tryphoninae in the strict sense. It has
recently been redescribed and figured by the authors (1949, Trans.
Ent. Soc. Amer. vol. 52, p. 418). Catocentrus is a synonym of Mono-
blastus, a genus of the Tryphoninae. The genotype of Catocentrus
8
4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
has been redescribed by the authors (ibid., p. 414). Lethades is a
synonym of Trematopygus, a genus of Scolobatinae (see Townes,
1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 11, p. 484).
Ischyrocnemis appears to belong in the Scolobatinae and Strongylopsis
in the Ephialtini. Heinrich (1949, Mitt. Minchner Ent. Gesl., vol.
25-29, p. 13) has recently referred Alomya to the Metopiinae, basing
his opinion, as he has informed us in conversation, on certain mor-
phological resemblances and on the fact that Alomya is like Metopius
in its habit of buzzing like a wasp when caught. Alomya is an aber-
rant genus whose systematic position has long been a subject of specu-
lation, but to us seems to belong near Colpognathus, in the subfamily
Tchneumoninae, and to represent an extreme development along the
evolutionary line leading through Centeterus, to Colpognathus, to
Pseudolomya, Megalomya, and Alomya.
The elimination of the above genera reduces the content of the
Metopiinae to a morphologically and biologically cohesive group,
recognizable on the characters listed above. Within the subfamily
there are several natural groups of genera, to which attention should
be called. Pseudometopius, Acerataspis, Chorinaeus, Trieces, and
Hemimetopius are related, and differ from other Metopiinae in having
the epipleura vestigial, the front and middle tarsal claws pectinate,
and the male with six or seven and the female with six well exposed
abdominal tergites. These five genera are further divisible into two
natural groups as indicated in couplet 3 of the key to genera. Some
species of Metopius also have the front and middle tarsal claws
pectinate, and Metopius also has seven well exposed tergites in the
male and six in the female, but all species of Metopius have well
developed epipleura, and the genus appears to be an isolated one.
The rest of the subfamily is composed of a loose group of genera,
within which is a small distinct subgroup including Triclistus, Cubus,
and Colpotrochia. These three genera have a distinctive type of
carina between the antennal sockets, a distinctive type of female
subgenital plate, and the female abdomen with retracted apical
segments. Spudaeus is somewhat similar to these three in the female
abdomen and subgenital plate, but does not have the characteristic
type of carina between the antennal sockets. The rest of the genera
constitute a loose and hardly definable third subgroup, which may be
arranged in a series with individual and progressive specialization,
leading ultimately to Hxochus as the most specialized genus of the
subfamily.
Biology and Distribution
The only information on the biology of the Nearctic species of this
subfamily is in the data on hosts and ecology on the pin labels of
specimens, some field notes and memories about our own collections,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 5
and single scraps of published information on four of the species.
There have been no detailed biological studies. Piecing together the
available information, some general conclusions about the biology of
the group may be developed. Though presentation of such generali-
zations is at the risk of glossing over a profound ignorance, they are
given for what they may be worth as starting points for future investi-
gators.
The Metopiinae are all parasitic on Lepidoptera. There are a few
records of other hosts, but these need verification. Oviposition is
into the host larva, apparently a considerable time prior to pupation,
but emergence is always from the pupa. At its pupation the parasite
larva spins a few strands of silk to form a flimsy cocoon within the
host pupa. Emergence is by cutting off the front end of the host pupa
as a cap-like lid. A single adult develops in each host.
Seasonal records of capture show that a few species have a single
generation in the spring or fall, but many are on the wing from late
spring to early fall and apparently have at least two generations a
year. Overwintering is always within the host pupa.
The kinds of Lepidoptera that serve as host are correlated with
the size and habitat of the adult ichneumon-fly. Large species like
Metopius parasitize larger Lepidoptera, but most of the species of
Metopiinae are small, and their usual hosts are among the pyraloids
and tortricoids. Lepidoptera which live next to the soil or pupate
deep in it, or spin tough cocoons, or live in tunnels—these do not seem
to serve as hosts; but exposed larvae and larvae in leaf rolls or leaf
folds are commonly attacked. A single species of parasite usually
may be reared from a number cf hosts that occur within its habitat
and size range. There are doubtless some cases of restricted host
specificity, but the rearing records at hand do not prove any.
The larval morphology of the subfamily is known only through
illustrations of the mouthparts of Metopius and of Triclistus, published
by Beirne (1941, Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent., vol. 7, pp. 160-162).
We have the impression that the metopiines locate their hosts
mainly by flying, hovering just to leeward of the hosts and finding
them by smell, rather than by crawling over vegetation and exploring
with their antennae as do the Gelinae and Ichneumoninae.
Mating has never been observed in the field. Sometimes loose
groups of males have been found hovering around a bush or the ends
of a branch, just under the tips of the leaves. Possibly they were in a
primitive sort of mating swarm and waiting for females to appear.
This habit has been seen in several species of Exochus, in Colpotrochia
crassipes, and in Metopius krombeini krombeini.
Many of the metopiines frequent more open, drier habitats than the
majority of ichneumonids. This is particularly true of Metopius,
6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Trieces, and Chorinaeus. Ezxochus, Triclistus, and Colpotrochia, how-
ever, seem to be mostly in forests, and the pictus, montivagus, and
tibialis species groups of Hxochus are mostly in damp forests.
The subfamily is generally distributed through the world, from the
arctic to the tropics, in dry and in wet climates, and in all the larger
faunas., All the larger genera (Chorinaeus, Trieces, Metopius, Tri-
clistus, Colpotrochia, Hypsicera, and Exochus) are essentially world-
wide, though Hypsicera is represented in the Neotropics by only two
introduced species. The smaller genera also tend to have a wide
range. All but three of the known genera and three of the subgenera
occur in the Nearctic Region, a fact which has prompted the inclusion
of the missing ones in this revision, to make the generic and sub-
generic treatment worldwide in scope.
Key to the genera of Metopiinae
1. Face occupied largely by a flat or concave escutcheon-shaped area bounded
by a carina (figs. 166,b—169,b); middle tibia with one spur. Worldwide.
6. Metopius (p. 59)
Face entirely convex; middle tibia with two spurs except in male of
Acerataspis. . . 2
2. Epipleura of third to ‘fifth abdosunal ora aapareasty sesent iroprcsemind
by narrow, inconspicuous vestiges); front and middle tarsal claws con-
spicuously pectinate. . . 3
Epipleura of third to fifth feemiten well Hemeloned eae aed middle faced
claws usually apparently simple. ... . waa ct Petes, RR
3. Areolet present; interantennal process of fee eeeeiniat a high semicircular
flange between antennal sockets; second abdominal tergite with a pair
of median longitudinal carinae; seventh tergite of male retracted; hind
tarsal claws conspicuously pectinate; front wing 7to 10 mm. long. . . 4
Areolet absent; interantennal process of face forming a triangular projection
in front of antennal sockets, but not a high flange between them; second
abdominal tergite with a median longitudinal carina (except in the Euro-
pean Chorinaeus talpa) and often also with sublateral longitudinal carinae;
seventh tergite of male exposed; hind tarsal claws apparently simple;
front wing 2.6 to 7mm.long.. . : 5
4. Abdomen parallel-sided, the fifth mo sat pormern aoe as ten the
preceding segments, and the apex of the sixth segment not specialized
(fig. 164,a); middle tibia of male with two spurs. Eastern Nearctic and
eastern Palaearctic. . . . . . . . . 1. Pseudometopius (p. 8)
Abdomen clavate, the fifth and Sint segments much wider than the preceding
segments, the apex of the sixth segment subspherically rounded (fig. 164,b) ;
middle tibia of male with one spur. Oriental. . 2. Acerataspis (p. 11)
5. Scutellum quadrate, its lateral carina strong and produced apically into a
prominent tooth; abdomen clavate, progressively enlarged from its base to
the fourth and fifth segments; posterior mesosternal carina complete, not
interrupted in front of each middle coxa. Ethiopian.
5. Hemimetopius (p. 59)
Scutellum parabolic in outline, its lateral carina low, rarely produced apically
as a small tooth; abdomen parallel-sided; posterior mesosternal carina
interrupted ‘in front‘of each middlée'coxa ). <7). 8. a ee
10.
1
12.
13.
14,
15.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE t
. Upper edge of pronotum paralleled by a broad, shallow, submarginal groove
(fig. 165,a) ; sublateral longitudinal carina of abdomen extending at most to
basal third of second tergite, entirely absent from third tergite (fig. 165,a);
mesopleural suture present. Worldwide____------ 3. Chorinaeus (p. 12)
Upper edge of pronotum without a distinct submarginal groove (fig. 165,b);
sublateral longitudinal carina of abdomen extending the entire length of
second tergite (except in Trieces teres), present also on third tergite, at least
basally (except in Trieces teres) (fig. 165,b); mesopleural suture absent.
WOT Wid eta sau ree fees ee oe ee ee ee 4. Trieces (p. 34)
. Hind tibia with one apical spur; flagellum enlarged beyond the middle
(weakly clavate, fig. 172). Holarctic . ... . . . 10. Periope (p. 136)
Hind tibia with two apical spurs; flagellum not enlarged beyond the middle. 8
. Antennal sockets separated by a high lamella, the lamella with a deep median
groove dorsally (just below median ocellus). . .... Snide act sei
Antennal sockets not separated by a high lamella, or when a igetad is present
it does not have a median groove... . SS eee il
. Propleurum somewhat cubical in shape, pened Ape like fhe front coxa
(fig. 170,b); head in profile concave between hind ocellus and occipital
carina. Neotropic. ... : . . . 9. Cubus (p. 135)
Propleurum not cubical, arene convex ee 170, a; 171,a); head in profile
flat or convex between hind ocellus and occipital carina. . . . .. =. 10
First abdominal segment broad basally, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its
sternite extending about 0.2 its length; propodeum with distinct dorsal
and posterodorsal faces (fig. 170,a); head somewhat cubical; edge of inter-
antennal lamella arcuate in profile. Worldwide. . 7. Triclistus (p. 107)
First abdominal segment narrow basally, its spiracle near its basal 0.37 to 0.5,
its sternite extending 0.3 to 0.5 its length; propodeum without distinct
dorsal and posterodorsal faces, these blending in an even curve (fig. 171,a) ;
head lenticular; edge of interantennal lamella angulate in profile. World-
WAGE. saute fc) lp ct cr ls 1 yp tetsu Esviie. sO sc olpotrochia (p27)
PEEBOIObAITOSONG hh oe BS ashe oes wa usu ity- west eaveceh Riteds we x Soles wsnas. wet ge
Areolet absent. ... . Ft ee ond
Occipital carina entirely Aneen te Foropadeal eon round Holarctic and
New Zealand.
16. Carria (p. 154)
Occipital carina present; propodeal spiracle elongate ......... 183
Epipleurum of second abdominal segment large, conspicuous, at least 0.3 as
wide as its tergite (fig. 179,a); spiracle of first tergite just above lateral
carina. Nearctic and Indo-Australian. . . . . 15. Seticornuta (p. 150)
Epipleurum of second abdominal segment narrow, inconspicuous; spiracle
of first tergite just below lateral carina... . Sih cise te et AA
Metapleurum with hairs over its entire surface; notanl dal eprente sixth tergite
of female mostly retracted into fifth; front wing 9.0 to 11.5 mm. long.
Holarctic,.\......./: ... . . JL. Spudaeus (p. 138)
Metapleurum mrnout Naar: noteales “hae but distinct; sixth tergite of
female projecting distinctly beyond the fifth; front wing 5.0 to 6.7 mm.
longs" New “World. iret. *2'". ove oS 2 4a? Leurus (py 147)
Second abdominal tergite with a median an of longitudinal carinae, at
least at its base (figs. 173,a and 176,b); second recurrent vein meeting
cubitus almost at the intercubitus, the second abcissa of cubitus being less
than 0.25 the length of intercubitus; metapleurum densely hairy all over;
VET PLERSHOR GH Ee ee Clete in st oor abe eet ee reheat ess ue cost a LG
451582—59 2
8 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Second abdominal tergite without median longitudinal carinae; second re-
current vein meeting cubitus considerably before the intercubitus, the
second abcissa of cubitus being more than 0.3 as long as intercubitus;
metapleurum usually bare or with only a few hairs; temple ratherlong . 17
16. First abdominal tergite in profile evenly convex (fig. 176,b); epipleura of
fifth and sixth abdominal segments weakly or indistinctly separated from
their tergites; subtegular ridge rounded, in rear view with an excavation
that makes it appear to be folded over. Nearctic.
12. Bothromus (p. 142)
First abdominal tergite in profile pyramidal (fig. 173,a); epipleura of fifth
and sixth abdominal segments sharply separated and sharply folded under;
subtegular ridge sharp, without an appearance of being folded over. Old
World weste eye. oc . . . . 13. Drepanoctonus (p. 145)
17. Interantennal process of ace peoaraeed from face by a prominent transverse
carina (fig. 177,a); lower half of propleurum subspherically swollen (fig.
177,a). Holarctic and Oriental . .... . . 19. Stethoncus (p. 167)
Interantennal process of face not separated from face by a carina (figs. 175;
17GB V0) ca ee Oe tts ie LO
18. Back of head vertical behind perterice peel ae 176, ye : fee in Bronte sloping
forward to its upper margin; spurs of middle tibia of approximately equal
length. Worldwide .... . . .. . 18. Hypsicera (p. 160)
Back of head sloping from angele Geelli to the level of the occipital carina,
thence approximately verticalto the foramen magnum. ....... 19
19. Epipleurum of third tergite very narrow, about as wide as the flagellum;
cheek about 0.8 as long as the mouth opening is wide (fig. 175,a); spurs of
middle tibia of approximately equal length. Nearctic.
17. Macromalon (p.158)
Epipleurum of third tergite well developed, about 0.25 to 0.7 as wide as its
tergite; cheek not more than 0.5 as long as the mouth opening is wide;
spurs of middle tibia unequal in length ..... wt aNee Be 20
20. Front spur of middle tibia longer than hind spur of middle tibia; median
longitudinal carinae of propodeum approximate or fused maghrilee re-
sulting in the basal area and areola being well separated (fig. 175,b);
interantennal process of face weakly notched at apex (fig. 175,b). Nearctic.
20. Synosis (p. 169)
Front spur of middle tibia shorter than hind spur of middle tibia (except in
one Australian species); median longitudinal carinae of propodeum, when
present, not approximate or fused medially (fig. 188,a-k); interantennal
process of face nearly always pointed medially (fig. 179,g-0). Worldwide.
21. Exochus (p. 170)
1. Genus Pseudometopius
FiGgurRE 164,a
Pseudometopius Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 202. Type:
Metopius hagenii Cresson; monobasic.
Tylocomnoides Uchida, 1940, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, p. 178.
Type: Tylocomnoides egawai Uchida; original designation.
Odontotylocomnus Uchida, 1940, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, p. 179.
Type: Odontotylocomnus pilosus Uchida; original designation.
Front wing 8 to 10.5 mm. long; body punctation rather strong;
face and clypeus weakly convex, with surface irregularities; face con-
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 9
tinued dorsally between antennal sockets as a narrowly triangular
process which becomes a lamella at its dorsal end, the process reaching
about 0.4 the distance to median ocellus; temple moderately long,
convex; occipital carina absent or complete; cheek about 0.4 as long
as basal width of mandible; upper margin of pronotum not swollen
or specialized, with an indistinct submarginal impression; propleurum
moderately convex; scutellum large, a little transverse, with lateral
flanges that reach its apex; areolet present, large; nervulus beyond
basal vein by 0.18 to 0.35 its length; nervellus broken between its
lower 0.35 and upper 0.4; prepectal carina as shown in figure 164,qa;
sternaulus represented by a rather strong, broad groove; metapleurum
completely covered with rather coarse close punctures; propodeal
carinae as in figure 164,a; propodeal spiracle short elliptic; suture
between second trochanter and femur of front and middle legs dis-
tinctly indicated; tibial spurs all present, the spurs of middle tibia of
equal length or the front spur a little longer; all tarsal claws with long
pectination; abdomen parallel-sided, strongly convex; first tergite
short and stout, its spiracle at its basal 0.25, its lateral longitudinal
carina absent, its median longitudinal carinae extending usually to
apex; second and third tergites and more or less of fourth tergite some-
times with a pair of median longitudinal carinae; epipleura vestigial,
narrow and thick; seventh and following tergites retracted in both
sexes; sixth sternite of female rectangular, unspecialized.
There are three known species, one in eastern North America and
twoinJapan. The three species are widely different from one another,
and Uchida has erected a genus for each of the Japanese species, as
noted in the generic synonymy. The generic description is based
only on P. hagenii and P. pilosus.
Pseudometopius hagenii (Cresson)
Ficure 164,a
Metopius Hagenii Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 168; 9. Type:
2, Dallas Co., Tex. (Cambridge).
Front wing 9 to 10 mm. long. Face with broad weak irregularities
and close punctures of various sizes; occipital carina complete; man-
dible rather broad, unspecialized, its apical teeth of equal size; flagel-
lum long and slender; thorax with close punctures that are rather small
but strong; spurs of middle tibia of equal length; nervellus broken
near its upper 0.45; abdomen with coarse strong punctures, its second
and third tergites and more or less of fourth tergite with a pair of
median longitudinal carinae.
10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 1.—Localities for Pseu-
dometopius hagenit.
Black. Face and clypeus (except in male for a small ventromedian
spot and spot on clypeal fovea, and except in female for a broad median
stripe from clypeal margin to base of interantennal process and the
dorsolateral corner of face), narrow frontal orbits on lower 0.6 of frons
of female, broad and complete frontal orbits in male, cheek, mouth
parts, spot on front of scape, spot on upper part of prepectus (in male
connected with subtegular ridge), subtegular ridge, front and outer
part of tegula, hind part of scutellum, apical part of front and middle
coxae of male, front and middle trochanters of male, apical margin of
front and middle trochanters of female, second trochanter of hind leg
of male, front and middle femora of male in front and apically, front
and middle femora of female apically, front and middle tibiae except
from dark brown area below, and hind tibia on its basal half with an
extension on upper edge to near apex, white; tegula brown except
where described as white; wing membrane subhyaline to weakly
infuscate; tibial spurs whitish; front and middle tarsi whitish, each
segment light brown apically; first segment of hind tarsus mostly
whitish, its apex blackish; second to fifth segments of hind tarsus
fuscous, a little paler basally.
Specimens: o’, New Haven, Conn., May 30, 1911, A. B. Champlain
(Washington). o, 9, Baldwin City, Kans., May, J. C. Bridwell
(Washington). co, Amherst, Mass., May 1936, R. B. Peckham (Wash-
ington). o, Lynn, Mass., Aug. 1908 (Townes). o, Mass. (Phila-
delphia). o, East Lansing, Mich., June 3, 1895 (Philadelphia). 9,
Davis, Okla., Apr. 30, 1936 (Ottawa). 9, Brazos Co., Tex., April. 9,
1941, R. W. Strandtmann (Townes). 9 (type) Dallas Co., Tex.
(Cambridge). 2 9, Texas, Belfrage Collection (Washington). <,
39, Texas (Philadelphia and Washington).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 11
This species ranges from the Atlantic to Texas, in the Transition and
Upper Austral zones. Most of the specimens were collected in spring.
2. Genus Acerataspis
Fiaure 164,b
Cerataspis Uchida, 1934, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 13, p. 275; name
preoccupied by Gray, 1828. Type: Cerataspis clavata Uchida; original
designation.
Acerataspis Uchida, 1934, Ins. Matsumurana, vol. 9, p. 23; new name for Cera-
taspis.
Front wing 7 to 9 mm. long; punctation rather strong; face and
clypeus evenly, moderately convex; face continued dorsally as a nar-
row, high triangular process extending 0.7 the distance to median
ocellus, the process a thin lamella subdorsally, expanded a little on its
dorsal edge and its dorsal edge with a deep groove; temple very short,
mostly flat; occipital carina complete; cheek about 0.4 as long as basal
width of mandible; mandible moderately narrow, unspecialized, its
upper tooth a little larger than lower tooth; flagellum long and slender;
upper margin of pronotum rather obliquely thickened and a little flat-
tened submarginally; propleurum moderately convex; scutellum short,
transverse, prolonged lateroapically as a tooth, its lateral carina
running to the apex; areolet large; nervulus opposite basal vein or a
little beyond it; nervellus broken near its lower 0.4; prepectal carina
as in the figure; sternaulus a broad impression; metapleurum com-
pletely covered with fine setiferous punctures; propodeal carinae as in
the figure; propodeal spiracle short oval; suture between second tro
chanter and femur of front and middle legs faintly indicated on lower
side; middle tibia with a single slender spur in male, with two slender
spurs in female, the front spur of female middle tibia about 1.1 as long
as hind spur; hind tibia with two spurs; all tarsal claws with long
pectination; abdomen strongly convex, clavate, its apex rounded with
the sixth tergite rounded and turned under; first tergite moderately
short, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its lateral carina absent or weakly
indicated; first three tergites with a pair of median longitudinal carinae
from base to apex; epipleura vestigial, narrow and thick; seventh and
following segments retracted; sixth sternite of female a transverse,
unspecialized plate.
This genus contains a small number of species in the Oriental region.
Metopius fusiformis Morley 1913, should be referred to this genus
(new combination). We have specimens from Java and the Moluccas
which agree exactly with Morley’s type, and an undescribed subspecies
of A. fusiformis from the Philippines.
12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
3. Genus Chorinaeus
Figures 163,a; 165,a
Chorinaeus Holmgren, 1856, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 4, vol. 1, p
305, 320. Type: Exochus funebris Gravenhorst; designated by Viereck, 1914.
Polyrhabdus Walsh, 1873, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 3, p. 98. Type:
(Polyrhabdus cariniger Walsh) =funebris carinatus (Cresson) ; monobasic.
Front wing 3 to 7 mm. long; body punctation rather coarse; face
and clypeus with an even, moderately strong convexity, the face
produced upward over bases of antennae as a triangular flange whose
apical angle is about 90°; frons without a lamella between antennal
sockets; temple short, convex; occipital carina present above and
laterally, absent below; mandible of moderate size, not specialized,
its lower tooth a little smaller than or definitely smaller than upper
tooth; flagellum slender, moderately long to long; upper margin of
pronotum widened, with a broad, weak, submarginal impression;
propleurum moderately convex; scutellum parabolic in outline, almost
flat, its lateral carina sharp and extending to its apex; areolet absent;
nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.2 to 0.35 its length; nervellus
broken near its lower 0.35; prepectal carina as in figure 165,a; sternaulus
a short, weak depression next to prepectal carina; mesopleural suture
distinct, usually sharp; metapleurum with hairs in the upper part,
elsewhere mostly or quite bare; propodeal carina as in figures 163,a
and 165,a, the costula usually absent though occasionally more or less
distinct (the costula appears sporadically in specimens of several
species and seems to be taxonomically of little value); propodeal
spiracle short elliptic; suture between second trochanter and femur
of front and middle legs distinct, though weak; tibial spurs all present;
front spur of middle tibia 0.60 to 1.0 as long as hind spur of middle
tibia; claws of front and middle tarsi strongly pectinate, of hind tarsus
apparently simple; abdomen strongly convex above, parallel-sided;
first tergite moderately long, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its lateral
and median longitudinal carinae strong from base to apex; second
tergite with a median longitudinal carina extending its entire length
and a sublateral longitudinal carina extending about 0.4 its length;
third tergite with a median longitudinal carina extending about 0.7
its length; epipleura vestigial, narrow and thick; eighth and following
tergites of male retracted; seventh and following tergites of female
retracted; sixth sternite of female large, weakly sclerotized, unspe-
cialized.
The European Chorinaeus talpa (Halliday) 1839 lacks the carinae
on the second and third tergites but is otherwise typical of the genus.
The coloration in the genus is rather uniform, usually black with
yellow face, mouth parts, cheek, basal part of tegula, apex of femora,
basal 0.2 of tibiae and some other, usually more vague, leg markings,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 13
pale yellow. The legs are mostly fulvous or ferruginous with the
hind coxa frequently blackish. The wings of all Nearctic species are
hyaline with the stigma and veins dark, but the veins at the wing
bases yellow. Variation in details of head and leg coloration give
specific characters.
This genus is worldwide, but with only a moderate number of
species. There are ten in the Nearctic region. Adults occur in
rather open, dry situations, usually among shrubs or low trees.
Most species of Chorinaeus are difficult to distinguish, requiring
careful consideration of some rather small and variable specific dif-
ferences. Possibly not all of the species in the material studied have
been recognized and adequately characterized, but a better treatment
probably must wait for better study series. We have a residue of 11
Nearctic specimens not assigned to any species, and though the major-
ity belong probably to Chorinaeus funebris, there may be some addi-
tional new species among them.
Key to the Nearctic species of Chorinaeus
MALES
(The males of emorsus and labiosus are unknown.)
1, Pronotum with small setiferous punctures from its dorsal margin down almost
to its trough; longitudinal carinae of first tergite that are just above and
below the spiracle meeting apically in about a 25° angle; propodeal spiracle
usually nearer lateral carina than pleural carina; front wing 4.5 to 7.0 mm.
long; hind coxa black, paler apically. . . . . . 1. longicalear Thomson
Pronotum with small setiferous punctures from its dorsal margin down about
0.66 the distance to its trough; longitudinal carinae of first tergite just above
and below the spiracle meeting apically in about a 45° angle; propodeal
spiracle not nearer lateral carina than eae carina; front wing 3.0 to 5.5
mm: long... « eee hue ty pea tatgerayies
2. Apex of penis with 4 fc 15 parone ponies on eat sie CLEA dete beso
Apex of penis without bristles . . . . Seka aecs a
3. Second segment of middle tarsus Weout it 3 as fone as eater front spur of
middle tibia about 1.0 as long as hind spur; apex of penis with 7 to 15
bristles on each side ..... ... . . 2. aequalis, new species
Second segment of middle tarsus snout 2.5 as long as wide; front spur of
middle tibia about 0.75 as ane as hind spur; apex of penis ante 4 to 6 bristles
oneach side. . . . 3. excessorius Davis
4. Mandible 1.8 to 2.1 as etioney as Paidie! ites ence foatlt a very little larger and
and longer than its lower tooth; hind coxa largely or entirely blackish . . 5
Mandible 2.1 to 2.2 as long as ants, its upper tooth distinctly larger and
longer than its lower tooth; hind coxa Mode ame to black, usually ful-
VOUS r tre vc Se lyre 1 ne O
5. Flagellum are apne 28 Seeman yellow on one eerie upward to a
little above center of eye emargination; body punctation moderate.
4. californicus Ashmead
14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Flagellum with about 36 segments; yellow on frons extending upward to just
below center of eye emargination; body punctation rather strong.
5. opacitas Davis
6. Punctures on outer face of mandible rather fine; punctures on central part of
face rather fine and weak, their interspaces about equal to their diameter.
§. recurvus, new species
Punctures on outer face of mandible coarse; punctures on central part of face
moderate, their interspaces about 0,6 their diameter ......... 7
7. Face about 1.2 as high (measured from center of clypeal fova to lower edge of
antennal socket) as the mouth is wide (measured between bases of mandi-
bles); side of frons yellow upwards to center of eye emargination; front
wing 3.0 to 3.8mm. long. .. . . . . . . 6. constrictus Davis
Face about 0.8 to 1.0 as high as Poets is teri: frons usually without yellow
laterally, but when there is yellow laterally, it usually does not extend up-
ward to center of eye emargination; front wing 2.9 to 5.4 mm. long.
7. funebris (Gravenhorst)
FEMALES
1. Pronotum with small punctures from its dorsal margin down almost to its
trough; longitudinal carinae of first tergite just above and below the spiracle
meeting apically in about a 25° angle; propodeal spiracle usually nearer
lateral carina than pleural carina; front wing 4.5 to 7.0 mm. long; face
black, yellow next to eye and on the interantennal process (figs. 178,a,b).
1. longicalear Thomson
Pronotum with small punctures from its dorsal margin down about 0.66 the
distance to its trough; longitudinal carinae of first tergite just above and
below the spiracle meeting apically in about a 45° angle; propodeal spiracle
not nearer lateral carina than pleural carina. .. . Relea sthnt tly Go 4
2. Upper tooth of mandible about 1.5 times as Hae as feoen four mandible
about 1.85 to 2.0 as long as wide. ... . ‘ Series
Upper tooth of mandible about 3 times as fereon as ies foci maaacinle about
2.1 to 2.7 as long as wide . . . 5
3. Face blackish medially (fig. 178 ): aeeona cee of middle ae Boon
1.35 aslongas wide .. . .... . 5. opacitas Davis
Face entirely yellow (figs. 178,d ia Betona ipeemient of middle tarsus about
2:25 (aslongastwideuire alee is irswcuanusers wet ie amin ns 3 2 ate cues
4. Hind coxa entirely fulvous .. . HG foo ahaa Tout ts ded aties ‘3. PERE Re Davis
Hind coxa blackish, fulvous apically ..... . 4 californicus Ashmead
5. Apical margin of clypeus strongly concave (fig. 178,]).
10. emorsus, new species
Apical margin of clypeus almost straight or faintly concave (figs. 178,c,g,h,j,k) 6
6. Front spur of middle tibia almost exactly as long as hind spur of middle tibia;
face entirely yellow (fig. 178,c); side of frons yellow to above center of eye
emargination. ... : . . 2. aequalis, new species
Front spur of middle tibia not more os 0. 85 as long as hind spur of middle
tibia; face usually partly dark (figs. 178 ae ay ear pee MEET Sede te, cl Rese
ie Glyneds blackish (figs. 178,j,;k) =". .) Hae et MOUS? hes Hd Ye are Re
Clypeus yellow (figs. 178,g-i). . . 9
8. Face blackish, yellowish next the Bae (fiz. 178 a ‘nianidible mOhapienlly aioe
strongly incurved. . . . . 8. recurvus, new species
Face almost entirely Deitow (fig. 178 k); enaiis subapically without an
unusually strong curvature. ... . . . . . . 9. labiosus, new species
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 15
9. Yellow on side of frons extending dorsally to a little above center of eye emar-
gination (fig. 178,g); face about 0.9 to 1.1 as high (measured from center of
clypeal fovea to lower edge of antennal socket) as the mouth is wide (meas-
ured between bases of mandibles); front wing 3.0 to 3.8 mm. long.
6. constrictus Davis
Yellow on side of frons absent, or not extending dorsally beyond center of eye
emargination (figs. 178,h,i); face about 0.75 to 1.0 as high as the mouth is
wide; front wing 2.9 to 5.4mm. long... . . 7. funebris (Gravenhorst)
1. Chorinaeus longicalcar Thomson
Front wing 4.5 to 7.0 mm. long; face about 1.0 as high as mouth is
wide in male, about 0.9 as wide in female; median 0.6 of apical margin
of clypeus approximately straight; mandible about 1.90 as long as
wide in male, about 2.3 as long as wide in female, its upper tooth
enlarged (especially in female) and outer face coarsely punctate;
flagellum with about 39 segments in male, with about 32 segments in
female; punctures on mesopleurum fine, weak, and rather dense;
amount of hair on metapleurum varies according to the subspecies;
front spur of middle tibia about 0.77 as long as hind spur; second seg-
ment of middle tarsus about 2.1 as long as wide in male, about 1.5 as
long as wide in female; second tergite without a longitudinal carina
just mesad of its spiracle; punctures of second tergite smaller and
more evenly dense than in other Nearctic species, not forming well
marked longitudinal rugulosities; apex of penis without setae and more
bulbous than in other Nearctic species.
Coloration variable, according to the subspecies (which see).
This is the largest Nearctic species of Chorinaeus, and the one with
the most slender build and finest sculpture. The extensive puncta-
tion of the pronotum, propodeal spiracle usually near the lateral carina,
and narrow angle between the lateral carinae of the first tergite, as
these characters are described in the key, are unique among the
Nearctic species.
This is a Holarctic species, with five subspecies as defined below.
It is the earliest species of the season, adults appearing in early spring
and disappearing in early summer.
Key to the subspecies of Chorinaeus longicalcar
1. Hind femur fulvous and/or yellow, rarely its front and back blackish. . . . 2
Hind femur black, more or less yellow at the base and apex. . ...... 3
2. Hind tibia of male fulvous, with a dorsal yellowish tinge on its basal 0.2+; yel-
low orbital line of female very narrow; range: Europe.
la. longicalear longicalear Thomson
Hind tibia of male fulvous to yellow, always with its basal 0.25 yellow, and
usually fulvous with its basal 0.3 and a dorsal stripe yellow; yellow orbital
line of female rather wide (figs. 178,a,b); range: Mostly Alleghenian fauna,
lb. longicalear pleturus Davis
16 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
3. Hind tibia entirely yellow; range: Washington and Oregon.
1d. longicalear flavicrus, new subspecies
Hind tibia yellow with the apex more or lessinfuscate. ......... 4
4. Apical infuscation of hind tibia forming a complete ring; range: Quebec and
Ontario. 7°": . . . . Ile. longicalear talaris, new subspecies
Apical infuscation ce mane tbe broad below but absent above; range: Berkeley,
Calif, i Ree es Vongrealear auivalia! new subspecies
la. Chorinaeus longicalcar longicalear Thomson
Chorinaeus longicalcar Thomson, 1887, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 201;
Q?. Type: 9, Schwerin, Germany (? Lund).
Metapleurum with hairs near its coxal socket and in a broad band
along the pleural carina extending from apex to somewhat forward of
propodeal spiracle.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons, cheek, clypeus,
mouth parts, scape and pedicel in front, tegula, most of front and
middle coxae, front and middle trochanters, much of hind trochanters,
front side of front and middle femora, base and more or less of top and
other parts of front and middle tibiae, and front and middle tarsi,
yellow or yellowish; basal 0.2+ of hind tibia yellowish above; front
and middle coxae mostly blackish behind and basally; hind coxa black
with the apex yellowish; flagellum brownish beneath.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and inner orbit from level of
clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons yellowish, the orbital mark
dilated at its upper end but elsewhere quite narrow; mandible fer-
ruginous, blackish basally; palpi yellowish brown; flagellum dark
brown; tegula brownish ferruginous; legs beyond coxae fulvous; front
and middle coxae ferruginous, black basally; hind coxa black, fer-
ruginous at apex.
This a European subspecies. The description above is based on two
males and a female from Belgium and a female from Holstein.
1b. Chorinaeus longicalcar pleturus Davis
Fiaures 178,a,b
Chorinaeus pleturus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 211; ?.
Type: 9, Agricultural College, Mich. (East Lansing).
Metapleurum with hairs near its coxal socket and in a broad band
along pleural carina, extending from apex to somewhat forward of
propodeal spiracle.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons, front part of cheek,
clypeus, mouth parts, scape and pedicel in front, and tegula, yellow;
front and middle coxae yellow, basally more or less fulvous or blackish ;
hind coxa black, yellowish at apex, a little more extensively yellowish
below; trochanters yellow; front and middle legs beyond trochanters
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE ibe
Ficure 2.—Localities for Cho-
rinaeus longicalcar pleturus.
yellow, their femora and tibiae, especially the femora behind, more or
less fulvous; hind femur fulvous with the base and apex yellow, some-
times more extensively yellow and rarely entirely yellow or yellow
with the front and back sides largely blackish; hind tibia fulvous, with
its basal 0.3 and usually much of the upper side yellow, or rarely the
entire tibia yellow; hind tarsus yellowish.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and inner orbit from level
of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons, yellow, the orbital mark
rather broad and dilated at its upper end; clypeus with its apical
margin usually brownish; clypeus sometimes (especially in early
summer specimens) entirely or largely yellow; mandible ferruginous,
with the apex darker and base blackish, or particularly in specimens
with yellow clypeus, the mandible largely yellow; palpi yellow or
yellowish; under side of antenna light brown, the rest darker; scape
often yellow beneath; tegula yellow to fulvous; legs beyond coxae
ferruginous; front and middle coxae ferruginous, blackish basally;
hind coxa black, ferruginous at apex.
Specimens (596, 379): From British Columbia (Kettle Forest) ;
California (Gold Lake in Sierra Co. and Sequoia National Park at
7,500 to 9,700 ft.) ; Connecticut (Windsor) ; Maine (Flagstaff) ; Michi-
gan (East Lansing, Clare Co., Gladwin Co., Gull Island in Charlevoix
Co., Midland Co., and Osceola Co.); Minnesota (Alexandria and
Houston Co.); New Hampshire (‘‘Mastyard” and Mount Madison) ;
New Jersey (Greenwood Lake and Lahaway in Ocean Co.); New
York (Southern Adirondack Mts., Bear Mt., Connecticut Hill in
Tompkins Co. at 2,000 ft., Farmingdale, Ithaca, McLean Reserve in
Tompkins Co., Niagara Falls, Syracuse, and Taughannock Falls) ;
North Carolina; Ontario (Algonquin Park, Biscotasing, Constance Bay,
Merivale, Muskoka District, Ottawa, Thunder Bay Beach, and Wal-
lacetown); Pennsylvania (Harrisburg and Slippery Rock Creek) ;
Quebec (Aylmer, Chelsea, Kazubazua, Lachute, Laniel, and Old
18 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Chelsea) ; Saskatchewan (Prince Albert National Park and Waskesiu) ;
Virginia (Falls Church); Washington (Lake Cushman in Mason Co.);
West Virginia (Cheat Mt.); and Wisconsin (Madison and Polk Co.).
Collecting dates are from early spring to early summer, with the
males appearing and disappearing about ten days before the females.
Some of the early and late dates for males are April 16 at Mastyard,
N. H.; April 18 in Midland Co., Mich.; April 19 at Falls Church,
Va.; April 22 at Ottawa, Ont.; April 24 at Chelsea, Que., and at
Syracuse, N. Y.; April 25 at Niagara Falls, N. Y.; June 6 at Ithaca,
N. Y.; June 7 at Kazubazua, Que.; June 8 at Waskesiu, Sask.; June
10 at Constance Bay, Ont.; and June 13 at Taughannock Falls,
N. Y. and at Thunder Bay Beach, Ont.
Some early and late dates for females are: April 29 at Farmingdale,
N. Y.; May 4 in Midland Co., Mich.; May 8 at Merivale, Ont.; May
14 at Old Chelsea, Que.; May 22 at Laniel, Que.; June 20 at Gull
Lake in Charlevoix Co., Mich.; June 23 at Alexandria, Minn., and
at Mount Madison, N. H.; July 4 at Laniel, Que.; July 23 at Gold
Lake in Sierra Co., Calif. ; soa July 25 at 7,500 to 9,700 ft. in Sequoia
National Park, Calif.
We have al times polleeted males very early in spring (late
April and early May) in central New York State, flying less than 5
centimeters above the dead leaves of mixed forests on sunny after-
noons. In this area, they are among the very first ichneumonids to
appear in spring.
As hosts, the subspecies has been reared from Choristoneura fumi-
ferana at Algonquin Park, Ont., by Bradley; from a geometrid at
Kettle Forest, B. C.; and again from a geometrid without locality
data. Males were collected ‘feeding at sap” and “at maple sap’’ at
Old Chelsea, Que., by G. S. Walley on Apr. 26, 1935, and Apr. 30,
1937, and at Mastyard, N. H., on Apr. 16, 1896, by W. F. Fisk. One
female specimen is labeled “beaten from fir’’ and another female is
labeled ‘‘Norway spruce.’ According to these data, the subspecies
seems to parasitize small Lepidoptera attacking conifers.
This subspecies is characteristic of the Alleghenian fauna, but
occurs also westward to British Columbia, Washington, and California.
le. Chorinaeus longicalcar talaris, new subspecies
Metapleurum with hairs near its coxal socket and in a broad band
along pleural carina, extending from apex to a little forward of pro-
podeal spiracle.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons, front part of
cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, scape and pedicel in front, tegula,
front and middle legs, and hind leg beyond femur, yellow; front
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 19
and middle femora usually with fulvous or brownish areas behind;
hind tibia brown or blackish on the apical 0.1 to 0.25; apex of hind
coxa (a little more broadly beneath), hind trochanters, and base and
apex of hind femur, yellow; flagellum brown beneath.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and inner orbit from level
of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons. yellow, the orbital mark
rather broad and a little widened near antenna; apical margin of
clypeus brownish; disc of clypeus often yellowish brown; scape
yellow beneath; mandible ferruginous medially; maxilla, labium,
tegula, extreme apices of coxae, apices of trochanters, hind second
trochanter, bases and apices of femora, and tibia, yellow, the apical
0.1 to 0.3 of hind tibia blackish; tarsi yellow, grading to yellowish
brown toward the apex; flagellum brown, darker above.
Type: 2, Mattawa, Ont., incubator reared from lepidopterous pupa,
Feb. 21, 1939 (Ottawa).
Paratypes: o’, in sap bucket, Chelsea, Que., Apr. 21, 1933, G. S.
Walley (Ottawa); and 1407, 119 incubator-reared from various lepi-
dopterous pupae by the Canadian forest insect survey during the
years 1937 to 1945. The localities represented are: Ontario (Achray,
Algonquin Park, Deux Riviéres, Chalk River, Kapuskasing, Lake
Two Rivers, Nicholson, Petawawa, Timagami, and Wensley); and
Quebec (Bois Franc, Breckenridge, Chelsea, John Bull Depot, Mani-
waki, and Mont St. Michel).
The hosts recorded for these are: Choristoneura fumiferana (one
locality); Caripeta divisata (one locality); Caripeta angustiorata? (one
locality); Semiothisa granitata (one locality); Protoboarmia porcelaria
(three localities); Paraphia piniata (three localities); Geometridae
(three localities); Noctuidae (four localities), and Lepidoptera (one
locality).
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian zone of Ontario and Quebec,
where it parasitizes a variety of small Lepidoptera on conifers. All
specimens but one are from rearings.
1d. Chorinaeus longicalcar flavicrus, new subspecies
Metapleurum with hairs over its entire surface.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons, clypeus, mouth
parts, scape and pedicel in front, tegula, front and middle legs, and
hind leg beyond femur, :yellow; ront and middle coxae blackish basally;
front and middle femora with a large black area behind; apex of hind
coxa yellow (more extensively below); hind trochanters yellow except
for a large brown area on upper side of first trochanter; hind femur
yellow at base and apex.
20 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Figures 3-5.—Localities, subspecies of Chorinaeus longicalcar: 3 (left), talaris; 4 (center),
flavicrus; 5 (right), suralis.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and broad inner orbit
from level of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons, yellow; apical half
of mandible ferruginous; scape beneath, palpi, spot on tegula, and
legs beyond femora, yellow; apices of coxae, apices of first trochanters,
all of second trochanter of hind legs, and bases and apices of femora,
yellow.
Type: 9, “Boyer, Oreg.,’”’ Apr. 22, 1925 (Washington, USNM
63591).
Paratype: o', Puyallup, Wash., Mar. 11, 1935, Wm. W. Baker
(Washington).
le. Chorinaeus longicalear suralis, new subspecies
Metapleurum bare near the middle, the rest with hairs.
Male: Colored like male of C. longicalcar flavicrus except that front
part of cheek is yellow and hind tibia has a subapical ventral brown
patch occupying 0.3 of its length.
Female: Black. Interantennal process, broad inner orbit from
level of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons, spot on scape beneath,
palpi, and spot on tegula, yellow; apex of coxae, apex of trochanters,
and apex and extreme base of femora, yellow; legs beyond femora
yellow with a brownish tinge, especially toward apex of tarsi; front
and middle tibiae with an obscure brown stripe beneath; hind tibia
with a large blackish subapical area beneath that extends for about
0.35 its length and upwards on its sides.
Type: 9, Berkeley, Calif., Apr. 26, 1938, R. M. and G. E. Bohart
(Washington, USNM 63592).
Paratypes: 29, same data as type (Townes). o, Berkeley, Calif.,
Apr. 17, 1935 (Townes).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Zit
2. Chorinaeus aequalis, new species
FicuRreE 178,c¢
Front wing 3.7 to 5.0 mm. long; face about 0.85 as high as the mouth
is wide; median 0.6 of clypeal margin straight; mandible about 1.85 as
long as wide in male, about 2.1 as long as wide in female, its upper
tooth enlarged (especially in female) and outer face with rather coarse
punctures; flagellum with about 32 segments in male and about 29
segments in female; metapleurum with rather sparse hairs on its upper
third; front spur of middle tibia almost exactly as long as the hind
spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.3 as long as wide in
male, about 1.25 as long as wide in female; second tergite with a
distinct longitudinal carina just mesad of its spiracle, in its basal half;
sculpture of second tergite as sharp, irregular, longitudinal wrinkling
mixed with rather dense, coarse punctures; apex of penis with 7 to 15
setae on each side.
Ficure 6.—Localities for Cho-
rinaeus aequalls.
Colored like Chorinaeus excessorius except that under side of scape
and pedicel have little or no yellow, mandible of female is brown,
and clypeal fovea of female is often narrowly surrounded with brown.
Type: 9, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 15, 1938, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63593).
Paratypes: 39, same data as type (Townes). o, Edmonton, Alta.,
July 13, 1947, E. H. Strickland (Townes). 9, Holliston, Mass.,
Sept. 17, N. Banks (Cambridge). <, Babylon, N. Y., July 9, 1936,
Blanton and Borders (Townes). o’, Connecticut Hill at 2,095 ft.,
Tompkins Co., N. Y., June 1936, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Cranberry
Lake, N. Y., July 5, 1917, C. J. Drake (New York). 29, Farmingdale,
N. Y., July 10 and 17, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Crab-
tree Meadows at 3,600 ft. in Yancey Co., N. C., Aug. 25, 1950, H.,
M., D., and J. Townes (Townes). 9, Mount Pisgah N. C., June 21,
Ze U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
1940, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 92, Jordon, Ont., Aug. 6, 1925,
C. H. Curran (Ottawa). oc’, Spring Brook, Pa., Aug. 25, 1945, H.
Townes (Townes). o, Westmoreland County, Pa., July (Pittsburgh).
2, Wright, Que., July 6, 1933, G.S. Walley (Townes). , Glencarlyn,
Va., July 14, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This species occurs in the Alleghenian fauna. Adults have been
collected from late June to late August.
3. Chorinaeus excessorius Davis
Ficures 163,a; 178,d
Chorinaeus excessorius Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 209; 9.
Type: 9, Washington (Philadelpia).
Front wing 3.5 to 5.4 mm. long; face about 1.1 as high as the mouth
is wide in male, about 0.94 as high in female; median 0.6 of clypeal
margin weakly concave; mandible about 1.95 as long as wide in male,
about 2.0 as long as wide in female, its upper tooth only a little larger
than its lower tooth, its outer face with rather coarse punctures;
flagellum with about 34 segments in male, with about 29 segments in
female; metapleurum with scattered hairs on its upper third; front spur
of middle tibia about 0.75 as long as the hind spur; second segment of
middle tarsus about 2.5 as long as wide in male, about 2.25 as long
as wide in female; second tergite with an indistinct longitudinal carina
just mesad of its spiracle, occupying its basal half; sculpture of second
tergite as coarse subadjacent punctures with a tendency to longitu-
dinal wrinkling between the punctures; apex of penis with 4 to 6 stout
setae on each side.
Black. Face, frons laterally to top of eye emargination, cheek,
temple next to cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, under side of scape and
pedicel, tegula, front and middle coxae and trochanters, apex of femora
and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow; front and middle coxae more or
less tinged with fulvous, especially in female; apex of hind femur and
Ficure 7.—Localities for Cho-
TINAEUS EXCESSOTIUS.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 23
hind tibia beyond basal 0.2 slightly infuscate; legs fulvous except as
described otherwise, the front legs of male beyond the trochanters
more or less yellowish; elypeal fovea brownish; flagellum light brown
below, dark brown above.
This species is close to the European Chorinaeus cristator (Graven-
horst), 1829, differing from cristator in having the mandible a little
narrower, the hind coxa ferruginous rather than black, and an average
of more numerous and more slender setae on the apex of the penis.
Specimens (31o', 429): From Alabama (Langdale); California
(“Mt. St. Helena’’); Georgia (Rabun Bald in Rabun Co. and Yonah
Mt. in Hall Co.); Iowa (Fremont Co. and Kossuth Co.); Kansas
(Manhattan and Wamego); Maine (Bangor and Fort Kent); Mary-
land (Takoma Park); Michigan (Delta Co., East Lansing, Newaygo
Co., and George Reserve in Livingston Co.) ; Minnesota (Chisago Co.,
Fillmore Co., and Houston Co.); Missouri (Columbia); New Jersey
(Chesilhurst, Moorestown, and Ramsey); New York (Bemus Point,
Eastport, Farmingdale, Greene Co., and Huntington); Ontario (Erin
and Sudbury); Pennsylvania (Spring Brook); Rhode Island (Kings-
ton); Utah (Ogden); Vermont (Woodstock); Virginia (‘‘Barcroft,”’
Dunn Loring, and Mount Elliot in Augusta Co. at 4,473 ft.); Wash-
ington; and Wisconson (Trempealeau Co.).
The collection dates are rather evenly distributed in June, July,
and August, with a few outside of this range as follows: April 29 in
Iowa; May 2 in Riley Co., Kans.; May 3 on Yonah Mt., Ga.; May 7
on Mount St. Helena, Calif.; May 16 at Ogden, Utah; May 23 in
Fillmore Co. and Houston Co., Minn.; September 3 in Kossuth Co.,
Iowa; September 4 at Columbia, Mo.; September 6 at Dunn Loring,
Va.; and October 8 at Takoma Park, Md.
Host records include a number of specimens reared from Ancylis
comptana by R. L. Parker and S. A. Summerland at Manhattan,
Kans., and at Wamego, Kans., and a female reared from Choristoneura
fumiferana at Fort Kent, Maine.
In the authors’ collecting the species has been swept on numerous
occasions from the undergrowth of deciduous forests.
This species occurs in the Transition and Upper Austral zones,
rather commonly east of the 100th meridian, sparingly from there to
the Pacific Coast. Adults are on the wing throughout the summer.
4. Chorinaeus californicus Ashmead
FicureE 178,e
Chorinaeus californicus Ashmead, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 200;
o. Type: o, Santa Cruz Mts., Calif. (Washington).
Front wing 3.8 to 4.2 mm. long; face about 0.94 as high as mouth
is wide in male, about 0.85 as high in female; central 0.6 of clypeal
451582593
24 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
margin straight; mandible about 2.0 as long as wide, its upper tooth
somewhat larger than its lower tooth, its outer face smooth, with
some large weak punctures; flagellum with about 28 segments in male,
with about 23 segments in female; metapleurum with scattered hairs
in its upper 0.2; front spur of middle tibia about 0.73 as long as hind
spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.5 as long as wide in
male, about 2.25 as long as wide in female; second tergite with or
without a longitudinal carina just mesad of its spiracle, the tergal
sculpture composed of coarse, subadjacent punctures with a tendency
to longitudinal wrinkling between the punctures; apex of penis as in
Chorinaeus funebris, without setae.
Colored like Chorinaeus excessorius except that hind coxa is blackish
with apex ferruginous.
Specimens: 29, Big Delta, Alaska, June 24 and 30, 1951, W. R. M.
Mason (Ottawa). co, Vancouver, B. C. (Washington). o, 29, San
Francisco, Calif., Apr. 10, 1907, E. C. Van Dyke (San Francisco and
Townes). 9, San Francisco, Calif., May 10, 1908, E. C. Van Dyke
(Townes). co (type), Santa Cruz Mts., Calif. (Washington). 9, Stin-
son Beach, Calif., Apr. 6, 1951, E. I. Schlinger (Townes). <, Easton,
Wash. (Washington).
The range is from Alaska to southern California.
5. Chorinaeus cpacitas Davis
Ficure 178,f
Chorinaeus opacitas Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 210; 9.
Type: 9, Nevada (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.9 to 4.8 mm. long; face about 0.91 as high as mouth
is wide in male, about 0.85 as high in female; central 0.6 of clypeal
margin a little up-bowed; mandible about 1.85 as long as wide, its
Ficures 8-10.—Localities: 8 (left), Chorinaeus californicus; 9 (center), C. opacitas; 10
(right), C. constrictus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 25
upper tooth very little larger than its lower tooth, its outer face with
moderately coarse punctures; flagellum with about 36 segments in
male, with about 30 segments in female; upper 0.2 to 0.4 of meta-
pleurum with sparse hairs that arise from more distinct punctures
than in other Nearctic species of Chorinaeus; front spur of middle
tibia about 0.78 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle
tarsus about 1.8 as long as wide in male, about 1.35 as long as wide in
female; second tergite with a weak longitudinal carina just mesad of
its spiracle in its basal half, this carina almost obsolete in the female;
second tergite with close, moderate sized, very sharp punctures, in
the males also with a trace of longitudinal wrinkling; apex of penis
as in Chorinaeus funebris, without setae.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons (truncate above
just below center of eye emargination), cheek, clypeus, mouth parts,
spot on scape beneath, front and middle coxae except above, front
and middle trochanters, front side of front and middle tibiae, and
basal 0.2 of all tibiae, pale yellow; front and middle tarsi pale yellow,
brownish beyond the middle; front and middle tibiae brown behind;
front and middle femora ferruginous, pale yellow at apex; front and
middle coxae brownish or blackish basally and above; hind coxa
blackish; hind trochanters pale, the first trochanter blackish behind;
hind femur ferruginous, infuscate at apex; hind tibia ferruginous,
fuscuous dorsally, its basal 0.2 pale yellow and its spurs pale; hind
tarsus mostly infuscate; tegula yellow, brownish apically; flagellum
with reddish brown tinges below.
Female: Black. Side of face, interantennal triangle, clypeus, and
mouth parts, pale yellow; apical part of mandible reddish brown;
tegula ferruginous with a small basal yellow spot; flagellum brown
beneath; legs ferruginous, the basal 0.2 of tibiae yellowish, hind coxa
blackish except at apex, apex of hind femur and upper side of hind
tibia weakly infuscate (except on basal 0.2), and hind tarsus brown.
Specimens: 29, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., Apr. 20 and
May 4, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). co’, Santa Rita Mts.,
Ariz., Apr. 25, 1940, P. W. Oman (Washington). , Felton, in the
Santa Cruz Mts. at 300 to 500 ft., Calif., May 20 to 25, 1907, J. C.
Bradley (Ithaca). 9, 49, Leevining, Calif., June 21, 22, and 24,
1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). i, near Sonora Pass,
8,000 ft., Calif., July 6, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes).
Q (type), Nevada (Philadelphia). &, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz.,
June 19, 1949, D. G. Denning (Townes).
This species is moderately common among semidesert shrubs of
Southwestern United States. Adults occur late in spring, before
development of the heat and drought of summer.
26 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
6. Chorinaeus constrictus Davis
Ficure 178,g¢
Chorinaeus constrictus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 209; ?.
Type: ?, Franconia, N. H. (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.0 to 3.8 mm. long; face about 1.2 as high as mouth
is wide in male, about 0.95 as high in female; central 0.6 of clypeal
margin straight; mandible about 2.1 as long as wide, its upper tooth
much larger than its lower tooth, its outer face with rather coarse
punctures; flagellum with about 29 segments in male, with about
25 segments in female; metapleurum with a few hairs on its upper 0.12;
front spur of middle tibia about 0.70 as long as hind spur; second
segment of middle tarsus about 1.6 as long as wide in male, about 1.0
as long as wide in female; second tergite with a longitudinal carina
just mesad of spiracle in its basal half, its punctures of moderate size,
strong, and rather close, between the punctures with a strong tendency
to longitudinal wrinkling, especially in the male; apex of penis as in
Chorinaeus funebris, without setae.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons (extending to, or
truncate below middle of eye emargination), cheek, temple next to
cheek, under side of scape and pedicel, mouth parts, tegula, and legs
except as noted below, pale yellow; femora fulvous except at apex;
hind coxa fulvous except at apex; hind tibia beyond its basal 0.2
fulvous, weakly infuscate dorsad; flagellum light brown below, dark
brown above; apical part of tegula fulvous.
Female: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons to near or just
above center of eye emargination, cheek, temple next to cheek. under
side of scape, mouth parts, front and middle coxae, all trochanters,
apex of femora, basal 0.2 of tibiae, and basal half of tarsi, pale yellow;
rest of legs fulvous and the fore and middle coxae tinged with fulvous;
tegula yellow, the apical half ferruginous.
Specimens: 9, Atlanta, Ga., May 27, 1941, P. W. Fattig (Wash-
ington). 9, Bowie, Md., June 24, 1945, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
o', Takoma Park, Md., July 1, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
2 (type), Franconia, N. H., A. T. Slosson (Philadelphia). 9, Oneonta,
N. Y., Aug. 24, 1935, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Mount Pisgah at
5,500 ft., N. C., June 25, 1951, H. and A. Howden (Townes). 50,
19, collected flying over large Hypericum bushes in meadow, Galax,
Va., Aug. 29, 1955, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o, Gatlinburg,
Tenn., Aug. 22, 1950, G. S. Walley (Ottawa).
7. Chorinaeus funebris (Gravenhorst)
Front wing 2.9 to 5.4 mm. long; face about 0.90 as high as width of
mouth in male, about 0.83 as high as width of mouth in female, but
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Zi
these measurements unusually variable; median 0.6 of clypeal margin
faintly up-bowed; mandible about 2.1 as long as wide in male, about
2.3 as long as wide in female, its upper tooth much larger than its
lower tooth, its outer face with very coarse, close punctures; flagellum
with about 29 segments in male, with about 27 segments in female;
metapleurum with hairs on its upper 0.2 to 0.3; front spur of middle
tibia about 0.71 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus
about 2.2 as long as wide in male, about 1.33 as long as wide in female;
second tergite with a longitudinal carina just mesad of spiracle in its
basal half; second tergite with indistinct to strong longitudinal
wrinkles, with interspersed strong, rather close punctures; apex of
penis without setae.
This species is variable and difficult to define. The separation from
the species C. constrictus is particularly tenuous and may not be valid.
Males might easily be confused with males of C. recurvus. The better
recognition characters for C. funebris are the absence or small extent
of yellow on the frons, rather wide mouth and long mandible, with
heavy close punctures on outer face of mandible and upper mandibular
tooth much larger than lower tooth, strong longitudinal wrinkling on
second tergite, and in the female a tendency to have a median sub-
dorsal facial spot, the area of the clypeal fovea, and the mandible,
brownish. We have 10 specimens (all males) which cannot be deter-
mined with certainty. They probably all belong under C. funedris,
but some may be C. constrictus or represent one or more new species,
thus far unrecognized.
There are four distinguishable subspecies, as treated below.
Key to the subspecies of Chorinaeus funebris
1. Hind coxa partly to entirely fulvous, at least its apical 0.2 fulvous; range:
Canadian to Upper Austral zones east of the Rocky Mountains; also Alberta
and British Columbia ... . . . . Ta. funebris carinatus (Cresson)
Hind coxa entirely black or blackish bs ap ores: 03 Sy SWAT Bey oie
2. Face with a median blackish wedge or lobe eierdine fea ney upper part to
the clypeal suture, the yellow of the face being thus divided into lateral
halves (fig. 178,i); hind femur entirely blackish; range: Colorado and Idaho.
7d. funebris divisus, new subspecies
Face without a median blackish area, or with a smaller blackish area that does
not completely divide the yellow of the face into lateral halves (fig. 178,h) ;
hind femur fulvous to fuscous tinged with fulvous . ee ean
3. Hind femur fuscous tinged with fulvous; range: Europe.
7b. funebris funebris (Gravenhorst)
Hind femur clear fulvous, with a faint dorsoapical infuscation; range: Nevada
to Arizona. ......... . . Te. funebris clarus, new subspecies
28 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ja. Chorinaeus funebris carinatus (Cresson)
Ficure 178,h
Tryphon carinatus Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 273;
&. Type: a, Illinois (Philadelphia). aa)
Polyrhabdus cariniger Walsh, 1873, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 3, p. 98; #7,
9 (new synonymy). Types: o, 9, ?Illinois (destroyed in Chicago fire of
1871).
Front wing 2.9 to 5.4 mm. long; longitudinal wrinkling on second
tergite usually strong.
Black. Face, sometimes lower lateral part of frons to as high as
center of eye emargination, cheek, clypeus, mouth parts except usually
for female mandible, front half of tegula, front and middle coxae and
trochanters of male, apex of femora and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow
or ochraceous yellow. The face usually has a median subdorsal
elliptical brownish mark, often its upper lateral corner black, and
especially in females the clypeal fovea is usually brownish. Female
mandible pale brown. The frons is commonly entirely black and when
there is yellow in its lower lateral corner this is truncate rather than
tapered dorsally, and rarely reaches center of eye emargination.
Antenna tinged with brown below; back half of tegula ferruginous;
hind coxa entirely ferruginous or basally more or less fuscous, at least
its apical 0.2+ always ferruginous; legs fulvoferruginous except as
described otherwise, the hind tarsus, hind tibia beyond its basal 0.2,
and usually apex of hind femur above, weakly infuscate.
Figure 11.—Localities for Cho-
rinaeus funebris carinatus.
In the absence of the type of Polyrhabdus cariniger, application of
the name has been decided on the basis of the original description.
This is rather detailed and indicates that very probably the present
form was Walsh’s cariniger.
Specimens (93 co, 929): From Alabama (Pyriton); Alberta (Edmon-
ton); British Columbia (Trinity Valley near Lumby); Connecticut
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 29
(East River and Voluntown); Illinois; Maine (Bar Harbor and
Machias); Manitoba (Deepdale and Riding Mt. Park); Maryland
(Glen Echo); Massachusetts (Holliston); Michigan (Antrim Co,
Belding, Ionia Co., and Tuscola Co.); Minnesota (Minneapolis,
Norman Co., and St. Paul); New Hampshire (Franconia, Mount
Madison, and Randolph); New Jersey (Anglesea, Bridgeboro, Green-
wood Lake, Milltown, Moorestown, and Seaside Park); New York
(Geneva, Grindstone Island at Clayton, Ithaca, Lockport, Montauk,
Oswego, and Ringwood in Tompkins Co.); Nova Scotia (Frederickton
and Ottawa House at Parrsboro); Ohio (Wayne Co.); Ontario (Angus,
Golden Lake, Grimsby, North Bay, Ottawa, Opasatika, Sault Ste.
Marie, Swastika, and Toronto); Pennsylvania (Fayetteville and
Pittsburgh) ; Quebec (Wakefield) ; Rhode Island (Westerly); and Texas
(Kerrville).
Most of the collecting dates are rather evenly distributed from
June 4 through September 15. Those outside of this range are:
April 13 and May 30 at Kerrville, Tex.; May 28 at Geneva, N. Y.;
May 29 at Oswego, N. Y.; May 31 at Ithaca, N. Y.; May at Moores-
town, N. J.; September 23 at Toronto, Ont.; and October 6 and 7 at
Ottawa, Ont.
The species has been reared from Ancylis comptana many times
and at the following localities: Moorestown, N. J.; southern N. J.;
Bridgeboro, N. J.; Fayetteville, Pa.; and a probable record “reared
from host on strawberry” in Wayne Co., Ohio, June 27, 1938. These
rearings from Ancylis comptana were mostly if not all in connection
with insectary rearings of Macrocenirus ancylivorus for biological con-
trol of Grapholitha molesta, in which strawberry leaves infested with
Ancylis comptana were brought into the insectary and the emerging
parasites collected. The association of C. funebris carinatus with
Ancylis comptana would thus be highly probable but rot proven.
Other rearings recorded on pin labels of the specimens studied are
from Strepsicrates smithiana on bayberry, Anglesea, N. J., July 13,
W. D. Kearfott; ?Trichotaphe, Trinity Valley, Lumby, B. C., Sept. 5,
1937; lepidopteran on Salix, Ottawa House at Parrsboro, N.5., Sept.
11, 1944, J. McDunnough; Tetralopha asperatella, Swastika, Ont., 1943;
Tetralopha asperatella, Angus, Ont., 1945; Acrobasis betulella, Sault
Ste. Marie, Ont., 1942; Argyrotaenia lutosana, Opasatika, Ont., 1939;
and Anacampsis rhoifructella, Golden Lake, Ont., 1942.
This subspecies is widely distributed in the Transition and Upper
Austral zones east of the 100th meridian. It has also been found more
sparingly westward to the Pacific coast. Adults are on the wing
mostly from early June to mid-September. Various small Lepidop-
tera serve as hosts.
30 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
7b. Chorinaeus funebris funebris (Gravenhorst)
FiaurE 165,a
Exochus funebris Gravenhorst, 1829, Ichneumonologia europaea, vol. 1, p. 695;
o. Types: &o’, Netley, England (? Wroclaw).
Front wing 3.8 to 4.8 mm. long; longitudinal wrinkling on second
tergite moderately strong.
Male: Black. Face except upper lateral corner and sometimes
median subdorsal brownish mark, sometimes spot on cheek, clypeus,
mouth parts, front and middle coxae except for basal infuscation,
front and middle trochanters, marks on hind trochanters, more or
less of front sides of front and middle femora and tibiae, basal 0.2 of
tibiae, and tarsi basally, pale yellow; hind coxa blackish; hind tro-
chanters partly infuscate; hind femur and tibia (except its basal 0.2),
infuscate fulvous, darkest above; first segment of hind tarsus on its
apical 0.3 and all of following segments brown; legs fulvous except as
described otherwise; flagellum brown beneath; tegula brown except
for a basal yellow spot.
The above description is based on three males from Belgium. It
may not be entirely applicable to other European material.
We have seen specimens in the Gravenhorst collection in Wroclaw,
labeled Exochus funebris, but it seemed doubtful that any of them are
original types.
7c. Chorinaeus funebris clarus, new subspecies
Front wing 4.2 to 4.5 mm. long; second tergite with very little
longitudinal wrinkling and its sublateral longitudinal carina rather
weak; general sculpture a little smoother and more strongly punctate
than average for the species.
Ficures 12, 13.—Localities: 12 (left), Chorinaeus funebris clarus; 13 (right), C. f. divisus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 31
Female: Black. Face except sometimes upper lateral corner and a
median subdorsal brown spot, cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, and basal
0.2 of tibiae, light yellow; mandible often brownish; antenna tinged
with brown beneath; tegula light brown, yellow basally; front and
middle legs fulvous except for basal 0.2 of tibiae and basal infuscation
on coxae; hind coxa entirely blackish; hind trochanters fuscofulvous;
hind femur and tibia (except for its basal 0.2) fulvous, both with an
apical dorsal infuscate area; hind tarsus fuscofulvous.
Type: 9, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 19, 1947, H. and M.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63594).
Paratype: 9, Ormsby Co., Nev., July 6, C. F. Baker (Ithaca).
7d. Chorinaeus funebris divisus, new subspecies
Figure 178,i
Front wing 2.9 to 3.8 mm. long; longitudinal wrinkling on second
tergite moderately strong.
Black. Large lateral areas on face (separated medially by a black-
ish oblong or wedge-shaped area), usually narrow margin of inter-
antennal process, mouth parts, front leg beyond trochanters, and
middle leg beyond femur, ochraceous; mandible of female usually
light brown; palpi often brown; tegula brown with basal yellow spot;
apex of fore and middle coxae usually yellowish brown; basal 0.2 of
all tibiae pale yellowish; middle femur light brown, yellowish at apex;
trochanters fuscous; hind coxa blackish; hind femur blackish brown;
hind tibia except on its basal 0.2 and hind tarsus brownish fulvous.
Type: 2, reared from Grapholitha conversana, Deary, Idaho,
July 1, 1949, Arthur J. Walz (Washington, USNM 63595).
Paratypes: 307, 49, same data as type (Townes and Walz). 59,
Deary, Idaho, June 13, 1949, Arthur J. Walz (Washington and
Townes). of’, reared from Grapholitha conversana, Deary, Idaho,
January 1950 (Washington). o, Cataldo, Idaho, July 1, 1940,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). 307, 19, Rabbit Ears Pass at 9,500
ft., Colo., Aug. 7, 1948, H., M., and G., and D. Townes (Townes).
This subspecies occurs in the Rocky Mountain area.
8. Chorinaeus recurvus, new species
FiaurE 178,j
Front wing 3.8 to 4.2 mm. long; face about 0.92 as high as mouth
is wide in male, about 0.72 as high in female; punctures on face
exceptionally fine and weak; median 0.6 of clypeal margin straight;
mandible about 2.2 as long as wide, its upper tooth larger than lower
tooth, its outer face with small rather weak punctures, and in the
female strongly incurved; flagellum with about 26 segments in male,
with about 24 segments in female; metapleurum with hairs on its
32 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
upper 0.25-+;front spur of middle tibia about 0.80 as long as hind
spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.3 as long as wide;
second tergite with a weak longitudinal carina just mesad of spiracle
in its basal half; punctures on second tergite of medium size, strong,
close, and tending to group into longitudinal rows; apex of penis as
in Chorinaeus funebris, without setae.
Black. Male face, clypeus, cheeks, mouth parts, small spot on under
side of scape and of pedicel, and front and middle coxae and _ tro-
chanters, pale yellow; female face, clypeus, and mandible brown, the
face with a narrow line next eye and margin of interantennal process
yellowish; female palpi yellow; under side of flagellum brownish;
tegula, extreme apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, yellowish; apex
of hind femur, hind tibia except on basal 0.2, and hind tarsus more or
less weakly infuscate; legs fulvous except as described otherwise.
Type: 9, Slide Mt. at 2,800 to 4,000 ft., N. Y., Aug. 25, 1935, H.
and C. Townes (Washington, USNM 63596).
Paratypes: o’, 2, same data as type (Townes). 9, Franconia,
N. H., A. T. Slosson (New York). a’, 29, Pinkham Notch, N. H.,
Aug. 24, 1951, H., M., and D. Townes (Townes).
This species has been taken only in spruce woods in the northeastern
States, late in August.
9. Chorinacus labiosus, new species
Figure 178,k
Female type: Front wing 3.2 mm. long; face 0.59 as high as mouth
is wide; clypeal margin approximately straight, even to the lateral
corners; mandible 2.7 as long as wide, its upper tooth much larger
than lower tooth, its outer face with some rather small punctures;
flagellum missing beyond the fourteenth segment; metapleurum with
Figures 14-16.—Localities: 14 (left), Chorinaeus recurvus; 15 (center), C. labiosus; 16
(right), C. emorsus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 33
a few hairs adjacent to pleural carina, these almost in a single row;
front spur of middle tibia 0.85 as long as hind spur; second segment
of middle tarsus 1.25 as long as wide; second tergite without a longi-
tudinal carina just mesad of spiracle, its punctures of moderate size,
strong, moderately close, and tending to be elongate.
Black. Face except for median subdorsal brown spot, lower lateral
corner of frons, under side of scape, palpi, apex of front and middle
coxae and of all femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, light yellow; clypeus
dark brown, light brown on its apical margin; mandible light brown,
black basally; pedicel and flagellum brown beneath; tegula brown
with basal yellow spot; middle and hind basitarsi stramineous, their
apical third darker; front and middle legs light brown except as
described otherwise; hind coxa blackish brown, its apex stramineous;
hind trochanters pale brown; hind femur, tibia, and tarsus dark
brown except as described otherwise.
Type: 2, Mount Pisgah at 4,800 to 5,300 ft., N. C., June 21, 1940,
H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63597).
10. Chorinaeus emorsus, new species
Ficure 1781]
Female: Front wing 3.2 to 3.5 mm. long; face about 0.73 as high
as mouth is wide, strongly narrowed above; median 0.6 of clypeal
margin strongly up-bowed; mandible distinctive, about 2.5 as long
as wide, its upper tooth exceptionally large and lower tooth small, its
outer face with numerous, moderately small punctures; flagellum with
about 22 segments; metapleurum with about 7 hairs posterodorsally ;
front spur of middle tibia about 0.89 as long as hind spur; second seg-
ment of middle tarsus about 1.7 as long as wide; second tergite with-
out a longitudinal carina just mesad of spiracle, with fine, irregular,
longitudinal wrinkling interspersed with indistinct punctures.
Black. Face yellow except for a median brown area that is expanded
dorsally, its interantennal process yellow; mandible and cheek next
to mandible brownish stramineous; palpi yellow; antenna brown,
darker above; tegula light brown with a basal yellow area; front and
middle legs stramineous, their coxae brown except at apex and the
apex of their femora and base of tibiae yellowish; hind coxa blackish;
hind legs beyond coxa light ferruginous brown, the extreme apex of
femur and basal 0.2 of tibia yellow; femur subapically, tibia dorsally,
and tarsi brown.
Type: 9, Pinkham Notch, N. H., Aug. 23, 1951, H., M., and D.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63598).
Paratypes: 9, Mount Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (New
York). 9, Halifax, N. S., Sept. 5, 1950, J. McDunnough (Ottawa).
34 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
4. Genus Trieces
Fieure 165,b
Trieces Townes, 1946, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 5, p. 60. Type: Exochus texz-
anus Cresson; original designation.
Front wing 3 to 6 mm. long; front spur of middle tibia 0.25 to 0.65
as long as hind spur; thorax with an exceptionally streamlined appear-
ance; pronotum evenly convex as the upper margin is approached,
without an impression paralleling its upper margin; mesopleural suture
indistinct or absent; metapleurum bare or with hairs in its upper
part, with more or less distinct wrinkles near attachment of hind
coxa; lateral carina of first tergite often weak or obsolescent; second
tergite with a median and a sublateral longitudinal carina extending
its entire length; third tergite with a median carina and sublateral
carina, the sublateral carina extending 0.3 or more of the tergite’s
length; fourth tergite basally sometimes with median and sublateral
carinae but usually ecarinate. In Trieces teres the carmae on the
tergites are reduced. See the description of that species. In all other
respects this genus is similar to Chorinaeus.
This is a large genus of probably worldwide distribution. The
species, however, are scarce in collections. Most of them occur
sparingly, among shrubby growth in rather dry habitats. When
collected they have a habit of folding their wings and antennae back
and pushing themselves along rather than crawling. This makes
them adept at squeezing through the meshes of an insect net,
Key to the Nearctic species of Trieces
1. Median and sublateral longitudinal carinae of third tergite reaching its apex
and continued on to the fourth tergite. DENTATUS GROUP. ..... 2
Median and sublateral longitudinal carinae of third tergite present on its
basal 0.8 or less (or in TJ. teres, hardly indicated at all), completely absent
from fourth tergite except in some males of T. costatus. . . . .... 3
2. Lateral carina of scutellum not projecting beyond apex of scutellum; pre-
pectal carina complete, dorsally reaching front edge of mesopleurum;
metapleurum without hairs (fig. 182,b); hind femur blackish.
18. calvatus, new species
Lateral carina of scutellum projecting beyond apex of scutellum to form an
acute tooth; prepectal carina incomplete above, not reaching front edge of
mesopleurum; metapleurum with numerous hairs along its upper margin
(fig. 182,c); hind femur fulvous. . . . . . . 19. dentatus, new species
3. Metapleurum with a vertical, slotlike pit in its hind end, broadly hairy along
its entire upper margin (fig. 182,d); face 1.5 to 2.1 as wide as high. OniTIs
anour....f)5 268. ER eek. Ca Al Ree eee. ae ee.
Metapleurum without a pit in its hind end, not broadly hairy along its entire
upper margin, if with hairs along its upper margin they are in a band that
is either narrow or incomplete (figs. 180,a to 182,a); face 1.0 to 1.5 as wide
BS MICH ate tes | ate th cee lol No mieie EMC ay Meine tie: Mo Nue: Meret ics sa eee O
10.
Laks
12.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 35
. Face 1.89 to 2.25 as wide as high, bulging above base of clypeus (fig. 179,e).
22. onitis (Davis)
Face about 1.6 as wide as high, not bulging above base of clypeus..... . 5
. Middle half of apical margin of clypeus truncate or weakly convex; second
segment of middle tarsus about 2.05 as long as wide in male, about 1.85
aslongaswideinfemale.... . . . . .20. arcuatus, new species
Middle half of apical margin of eincus faintly (most males) to distinctly
(females) concave; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.5 as long as
wide in male, about 1.4 as long as wide in female. Males are not always
distinguishable from those of T. arcuatus . . . . 21. diffidens, new species
. Metapleurum with a group of hairs in its upper hind part, next to the pleural
carina, the hairs lial 6 to 40 or more (figs. 180,a—h). TEXANUS
GROUP) cua herald Lshhy xt:
Metapleurum w hones a oenee a Aine in nate eats eect re entirely hair-
less except often for a small group in its upper front corner and rarely one
to several hairs scattered on its dise (figs. 18l,a to 182,a). INTEGER
GROUPa* acer bar. She ee es:
. Sublateral peer tieal carina a pecoud fate ciebinck on Peat 0.25 of
tergite but obsolescent beyond middle of tergite; face black, with a broad
vertical yellowish mark next to eye (fig. 178,0). . . 5. . teres, new species
Sublateral longitudinal carina of second tergite distinct and sharp the entire
length of the tergite; face not colored as above. . . . Stators tae co
. Clypeus separated from face by a weak depression; paneianee on central
part of face separated by about 0.7 their diameter; second tergite about
0.78 as long as wide in male, about 0.65 as long as wide in female.
1. masoni, new species
Clypeus not separated from face by a depression, the clypeus and face making
a continuous convex surface, or sometimes there is a flattening (but not a
concavity) at the juncture of the clypeus and face; punctures on central
part of face subadjacent to separated by about 0.5 their diameter; second
PereiteL O74: to: O87 as lONG) AS WAGE. jn sy thm lachue Wer uny-48). Giwed Gates ee.
. Front wing 2.9 to 3.5mm.long. ..... . . . 7. sapineus, new species
Front wing 3.8 to 5.4mm. long. . . . ae tet 0
Hairs on metapleurum in a narrow SOMtEnnOne hoe eenenth the pleural
carina, that is narrowed forward to the upper front corner, but not inter-
rupted (fig. 180,d); tegula entirely black. . . 4. tegularis, new species
Hairs on metapleurum in a large posterodorsal group beneath the pleural
carina that does not reach the upper front corner of metapleurum, some-
times also a small separate group of hairs in the upper front corner (figs.
180,b,¢,f,h); tegula pale yellow to fulvous... . sdpeiyrshnott UAL
Face and clypeus with coarse, subadjacent Panoeuress Seine distinct
interspaces .. . . .. . . 6. densus, new species
Face and clypeus ae mene need punctures that are separated by 0.3 to
0.5 their diameter. .. . araisth ice emir 2
Metapleurum without hairs in ts aoe front corner Hi (igt 180 nye road
segment of middle tarsus about 1.8 as long as wide in male, about 0.95
as long as wide in female; mandible of female dark brown.
8. texanus (Cresson)
Metapleurum with a group of 12 or more hairs in its upper front corner
(figs. 180,b,c); second segment of middle tarsus about 2.0 or 2.2 as long as
wide in male, about 1.7 or 1.8 as long as wide in female; mandible of female
mellow Or mulVOnSel).) 25.40) soe ahi ti era atene eyes, -baclertor Ys petty) be
36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
13. Sublateral longitudinal carina of third tergite strong, extending 0.5 to 0.8
the length of the tergite; front spur of middle tibia about 0.50 as long as
hind spur; hind coxa mostly or entirely black, rarely entirely fulvous.
2. costatus (Davis)
Sublateral longitudinal carina of third tergite weak, extending only about
0.25 the length of the tergite; front spur of middle tibia about 0.58 as long
as hind spur; hind coxa fulvous. . ... . . 3. flavifrons (Ashmead)
14. Hind tibia uniformly fulvous or ferruginous, not at all paler at base; face and
clypeus of female fulvous, in profile strongly convex below. . . . . . 15
Hind tibia pale yellowish on its basal 0.2+, the rest darker. . . . . . 16
15. Flagellum of male with 29 to 33 segments, of female with 24 to 26 segments;
median segments of female flagellum about 1.0 as long as wide; hind tarsus
of male ferruginous or fuscoferruginous. . . Il. imteger, new species
Flagellum of male with 26 to 27 segments, of female with 19 to 21 segments;
median segments of female ata about 0.85 as long as wide; hind tarsus
of male stramineous. . . . .. . . 12. fusus, new species
16. Face and clypeus black, the fies Ww aiehe a yellow margin on its interantennal
projection "Gig. 179,d) se. . .. . . 13. aquilus, new species
Face and elypeus mostly or entirely Vellow oOnmulyousm year caesar one melt
LZrhrontswites 4.5.00 Oo Ima One: Wee. Peek ait eo eree ge ey aioe oe. ne PGS
Front wing 2.6 to 4.0 mm. long. . . . ee ese ee
18. Wrinkling of metapleurum covering Hbens 70 perreni ea i area (fig. 181,a);
yellow of lower lateral corner of frons reaching just to center of eye emargi-
nation; eye of male with short, sparse hairs. . . 9. ejectus, new species
Wrinkling of metapleurum covering about 30 percent of its area (fig. 181,b),
yellow of lower lateral corner of frons reaching above center of eye emargi-
nation; eye of male apparently bare. . . . . 10. walleyi, new species
19. Hind coxa fulvous, somewhat darker basally. ... . A EN et A
Hind coxa black or blackish, often somewhat ferruginous Apical habeus
20. Lower lateral corner of frons of both sexes with a conspicuous yellow (male)
or fulvous (female) area that reaches dorsad beyond center of eye emargina-
tion; front wing 3.1 t03.3mm.long. .... . . 15. marlatti (Ashmead)
Lower lateral corner of frons of female (male unknown) with a faint ferrugi-
nous area that does not reach center of eye emargination; front wing 2.6
tor2.o) mam lOn ee sneer . .. . . 16. bradleyi, new species
21. Wrinkles of metapleurum extending ore of its middle (fig. 181,f); eve
inconspicuously hairy, or bare; lower lateral corner of frons yellow.
14. sparsus, new species
Wrinkles of metapleurum restricted to its hind 0.4 (fig. 182,a); eye densely
and conspicuously hairy, lower lateral corner of frons blackish.
17. ciliosus, new species
I, TEXANUS GROUP
Head of moderate width; body of moderate proportions; eye with
very short sparse hairs or bare; mesopleurum often with fine longi-
tudinal or oblique wrinkles near middle coxa; metapleurum without a
vertical slot in its hind end, bare of hairs except for a few in its ex-
treme upper front corner and a group of hairs of variable number in
its upper posterior part, in the hairy area with small punctures,
elsewhere polished and with wrinkling of variable extent, the wrin-
kling strongest next to hind coxa (figs. 180,a—h) ; median and sublateral
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE a7
carinae of third tergite present basally (indistinct in the species
T. teres) but absent beyond its middle (except in 7’. costatus, in which
these carinae are somewhat longer) ; fourth tergite without median or
sublateral longitudinal carinae except in some males of T. costatus.
This group contains eight known Nearctic species, an undescribed
species in the Philippines, and another in Japan. Presumably some
of the described European species of the genus belong here also.
1. Trieces masoni, new species
Ficure 180,a
Front wing 3.5 to 4.4 mm. long; face about 1.5 as wide as high;
with small punctures that are separated by about 0.7 their diameter;
face and clypeus in profile weakly convex, with a distinct depression
setting off the clypeus; attachment of front tentorial arm outlined
as a brownish oval around clypeal fovea and a tail extending dorso-
mesad; eye apparently bare; flagellum of male with 29 segments, of
female with about 26 segments; metapleurum with coarse wrinkles
in its lower half that extend forward for about 0.8 its length, in its
upper half with finer irregular wrinkles interspersed with weak
punctures, this wrinkled area extending forward about 0.6 the length
of metapleurum; hairs on metapleurum numerous, arranged in a
broad subrectangular area in its upper hind part and in a small some-
what crescentic group in its upper front corner; propodeal spiracle short
elliptical, distinctly separated from pleural carina; front spur of
middle tibia about 0.60 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle
tarsus 2.3 as long as wide in male, about 1.6 as long as wide in female;
second abdominal tergite about 0.78 as long as wide in male, about
0.65 as long as wide in female, with rather close, subconfluent, oblique
punctures; sublateral longitudinal carina on third tergite rather
narrow, extending about 0.3 the length of the tergite.
Black. Face except for a median dorsal area or a large median
area that is mostly subdorsal or widest dorsally, yellowish white,
the interantennal process always broadly bordered with yellowish
white; cheek in its front part or entirely, clypeus, and mouth parts,
yellowish white; tegula blackish brown, somewhat paler basally; first
trochanters apically, second trochanters entirely, and bases of femora
brown; tibial spurs pale brown; front leg beyond trochanters light
brown, the femur more or less infuscate basally; extreme apices of
middle and hind femora stramineous; middle tibia and tarsus light
brown, the basal 0.15 of the tibia faintly yellowish; hind tibia light
brown basally, blackish brown apically, the basal 0.15 faintly tinged
with yellowish; hind tarsus fuscous.
Type: 9, Big Delta, Alaska, June 24, 1951, W. R. M. Mason
(Ottawa).
Paratypes: co’, 29, same data as type (Ottawa).
38 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
2. Trieces costatus (Davis)
Ficures 178,m; 180,b
Chorinaeus costatus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 211; &, 9.
Lectotype: 9, New Hampshire (Philadelphia).
Chorinaeus pusillus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., HEL 24) p. Zils",
@ (mew synonymy). Lectotype: 9, Washington (Philadelphia).
Front wing 4.0 to 4.9 mm. long; face about 1.3 as wide as high,
with moderate sized punctures that are separated by about 0.5 their
diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment
of front tentorial arm making a long line dorsomesad from clypeal
fovea; eye of male without hairs, of female with very short sparse hairs;
mandible of female very slender, with few or no punctures distad of its
Ficure 17.—Localities for T7r1-
eces costatus.
basal 0.5, its upper tooth rather elongate and its lower tooth very
small (in other species of the genus, the mandible is stouter, punctate
to beyond its basal 0.5, and with the two teeth more nearly equal);
flagellum of male with about 36 segments, of female with about 32
segments; metapleurum with a broad band of hairs dorsally, which is
interrupted near its front end so that there is a small separate patch
of about 12 hairs in front upper corner of metapleurum; wrinkles of
metapleurum moderately coarse, extending forward nearly to middle of
metapleurum; propodeal spiracle elliptic, barely separated from pleural
carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.50 as long as hind spur;
second segment of middle tarsus about 2.2 as long as wide in male,
about 1.8 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite about
0.85 as long as wide in male, about 0.80 as long as wide in female,
its punctures of moderate size, close, a little elongate; sublateral
longitudinal carina on third tergite extending 0.5 to 0.8 its length,
in some males present also on basal part of fourth tergite.
Black. Face, often lower lateral corner of frons, clypeus, cheek,
mouth parts, base of tegula, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 39
pale yellow; front and middle trochanters and apex of front and middle
coxae usually yellowish; face often with median dorsal spot and
crescent next each antennal socket, brown; antenna brown, paler below,
the scape and pedicel sometimes yellowish beneath; tegula fulvous,
yellow at base; hind coxa black except sometimes at apex; hind femur
often brown to black; hind tarsus and often hind first trochanter
infuscate; front and middle coxae usually more or less infuscate
basally; front and middle femora and trochanters often more or less
brownish; legs fulvous except as described otherwise. Rarely the
hind coxa is entirely fulvous.
Specimens (13 7, 109): From British Columbia (Robson); California
(near Sonora Pass at 8,000 ft.); Colorado; Maine (Lincoln Co.,
Echo Lake and Great Pond on Mount Desert Isl.); Minnesota (Lake
Co.); New Brunswick (Tabusintac); New Hampshire (Randolph);
New York (Rock City in Cattaraugus Co.); Quebec (Kazubazua,
Knowlton, Laniel, and Wakefield); Vermont (Laurel Lake near
Jacksonville); and Washington. Collection dates are from June 26
to August 21, except that a male from Robson, B. C., and a male
without locality were taken on May 24.
This species appears to be restricted to the Canadian zone.
3. Trieces flavifrons (Ashmead)
Ficures 178,n; 180,¢
Chorinaeus flavifrons Ashmead, 1890, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, p. 444;
9. Type: 2, Wisconsin (Washington).
Front wing 4.3 to 5.1 mm. long; face about 1.3 as wide as high,
with rather small punctures that are separated by about 0.5 their
diameter ; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of
front tentorial arm making a long line dorsomesad from clypeal fovea;
eye of male without hairs, of female with very short sparse hairs;
flagellum with about 34 segments; metapleurum with a large area of
numerous hairs in its upper posterior part, occupying about a third of
its area, reaching ventrally to the submetapleural carina, and tapered
out anterodorsally; anterodorsal corner of metapleurum with a group
of about fourteen hairs; striae of metapleurum fine, rather weak,
confined to the hind half of metapleurum; propodeal spiracle elongate,
briefly separated from pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia
about 0.58 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about
2.2 as long as wide in male, about 1.7 as long as wide in female;
second abdominal tergite about 0.82 as long as wide in male, about
0.78 as long as wide in female, its punctures rather strong, coarse,
and close, with a slight tendency to form longitudinal rows; sublateral
longitudinal carina on third tergite weak, extending about 0.3 the
length of the tergite.
451582—59—_4
AQ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Black. Face, clypeus, front part of cheek, and mandible, pale
yellow in male, ferruginous in female, the face of female more or
less yellowish dorsally; face with brownish crescent next to each
antennal socket; palpi, base of tegula, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of
tibiae, pale yellow; front and middle tarsi basally yellowish; upper
face of front and middle tibiae of male entirely yellow; antenna dark
brown, a little paler below; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; legs fulvous
except as described otherwise; side of abdomen usually tinged with
ferruginous, especially in females.
Ficures 18, 19.—Localities: 18 (left), Trieces flavifrons; 19 (right), 7. tegularis.
Specimens: 9, Hartford, Conn., May 12, 1894 (Washington).
o', South Meriden, Conn., July 12, 19388, Harry L. Johnson (Townes).
29, Fort Collins, Colo., June 15, 1896, and “June,” C. F. Baker
(Washington). 9, Lawrence, Kans., June 23, 1900, H. Kahl (Pitts-
burg). 9, Riley Co., Kans., July 14 (Townes). o, Van Auken Lake,
Van Buren Co., Mich., July 16, 1939, W. H. Burt (Ann Arbor).
o', Houston Co., Minn., May 29, 1939, Philip Marvin (St. Paul).
9, Canning, S. Dak., July 15, 1945, H. C. Severin (Townes). 4’,
Chester, S. Dak., June 17, 1930, G. I. Gilbertson (Townes). o, Hot
Springs, S. Dak., July 14, 1924 (Washington). <o, Milwaukee, Wis.,
Graenicher (Cambridge). @ (type), Wisconsin (Washington).
This species ranges from Connecticut to South Dakota, south to
Colorado and Kansas. Judging from its color, structure, and distri-
bution, it probably occurs in rather open dry habitats.
4. Trieces tegularis, mew species
Fiaures 179,a; 180,d
Female type: Front wing 3.8 mm. long; face 1.5 as wide as high, its
punctures of moderate size, sharp, separated by about 0.25 their
diameter; face and clypeus in profile weakly convex; attachment of
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 4]
front tentorial arm visible as a short line extending mesad and a very
short stub distovertrad from clypeal fovea; eye apparently bare;
flagellum with 22 segments; metapleurum with a narrow area of hairs
along its entire upper margin, broader at its hind end, narrowed in
front; striae of metapleurum moderately fine, reaching forward to
0.3 the distance from its front edge; propodeal spiracle very short
elliptic, distinctly separated from pleural carina; front spur of middle
tibia 0.47 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 1.45
as long as wide; second abdominal tergite 0.75 as long as wide, with
moderate-sized, rather close, longitudinal punctures; sublateral carina
of third tergite rather weak, extending 0.3 the length of the tergite.
Black. Face, clypeus, and mouth parts yellow, the mandible
fulvous with the base brown, the face with its upper 0.2 blackish;
tegula entirely blackish; extreme apex of femora, basal 0.2 of tibiae,
and tibial spurs stramineous; front femur blackish brown, lighter
brown apically and in front; front tibia hght bown; tarsi and middle
and hind tibiae dark brown, the segments usually paler apically; legs
blackish except as described otherwise.
Type: 9, taken in an area of desert shrub, Leevining, Calif., June
24, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Washington, USNM 63599).
5. Trieces teres, rew species
Ficures 178,0; 180,e
Front wing 3.5 to 4.3 mm. long; face about 1.5 as wide as high, its
punctures small and sharp, separated by about 0.8 their diameter;
face and clypeus in profile weakly convex; clypeal fovea subcircular,
without evident marks around it from attachment of front tentorial
arm; eye with very short and sparse hairs; flagellum with 26 segments
in male, with about 24 seements in female; metapleurum with num-
erous hairs along its upper margin, the hair band very narrow ante-
riorly, broader posteriorly; striae of metapleurum rather fine, con-
fined to an area near the hind coxal attachment but extending forward
just above submetapleural carina; propodeal spiracle elliptic, ad-
jacent to pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.64 as long
as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.05 as long as
wide in male, about 1.85 as long as wide in female; second tergite 0.74
as long as wide in male, about 0.70 as long as wide in female, with
medium sized, longitudinal, moderately close punctures; sublateral
longitudinal carina of second tergite present and distinct only on
basal 0.25 of the tergite, but indicated also at very base of third tergite
(in other species of the genus the sublateral longitudinal carina of
second tergite extends its entire length); median longitudinal carina
extending almost entire length of second tergite and present on basal
0.5 of third tergite.
42 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Black. <A lateral, vertical, elliptical area on each side of face yel-
lowish; mouth parts and apical margin of clypeus brown; tegula
brown, yellow basally; apex of femora and basal 0.2 of tibiae stra-
mineous; coxae, trochanters, and middle and hind femora (except at
apex), blackish; front femur (except at apex) brown, darker basally;
tibiae except on basal 0.2, and tarsi brown.
Type: 9, Echo Lake, Eldorado Co., Calif., July 14, 1951, W. W.
Middlekauff (Berkeley).
Paratypes: o’, Golden, Colo., May 29 (Washington). 9, Green
Mt., Golden, Colo., May 24, 1919, L. O. Jackson (Townes). 9,
Aweme, Man., May 28, 1925, R. D. Bird (Ottawa).
6. Trieces densus, new species
FicureE 180,f
Front wing 3.7 to 3.8 mm. long; face about 1.3 as wide as high, its
punctures coarse, sharp, subadjacent; face and clypeus in profile
moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a
brownish ellipse around clypeal fovea with a linear projection mesad
along the clypeal suture; eye apparently bare; flagellum with 28 seg-
ments in male, with 26 segments in female; metapleurum with a
wedge-shaped group of about 15 hairs in its upper hind part and its
upper front corner margined by a small crescentic group of hairs:
striae of metapleurum moderately coarse, covering about 0.3 of its
area near the hind coxa; propodeal spiracle elliptic, somewhat distant
from pleural carina but connected to it by a raised area; front spur
of middle tibia about 0.44 as long as hind spur; second segment of
middle tarsus 2.0 as long as wide in male, 1.7 as long as wide in female;
second abdominal tergite 0.87 as long as wide in male, 0.81 as long as
wide in female, with close, rather coarse punctures; sublateral longi-
tudinal carina of third tergite extending about 0.45 its length.
i
ih
Ficures 20, 21.—Localities 20 (left), Trieces teres; 21 (right), 7°. densus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 43
Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons, cheek, clypeus, and
mouth parts light yellow; antenna blackish brown, brown below;
tegula fulvous, basally pale yellow; apex of front and middle coxae,
trochanters, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow; hind
coxa black, apically fulvous and its extreme apex pale yellow; apex
of segments of hind tarsus light brown; legs fulvous except as de-
scribed otherwise.
Type: o', Kent Co., Mich., July 11, 1951, R. R. Dreisbach
(Dreisbach).
Paratype: 2, Midland Co., Mich., Aug. 5, 1951, R. R. Dreisbach
(Dreisbach).
7. Trieces sapineus, new species
Front wing 2.9 to 3.5 mm. long; face about 1.25 as wide as high, its
punctures of moderate size, separated by about 0.3 their diameter;
face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front
tentorial arm making a wedge-shaped dark area around clypeal fovea;
eye apparently without hairs; flagellum with 25 segments in male,
with about 23 segments in female; metapleurum with about 14 hairs
arranged in an elongate triangle along its upper hind margin, the
hairy area variable in size and in number of hairs; striae of metaple-
urum rather fine but sharp, occupying about the posteroventral 0.3
of metapleurum; propodeal spiracle subcircular, its rim confluent
with pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.25 to 0.40 as
long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.0 as long
as wide in male, about 1.4 as long as wide in female; second abdominal
tergite about 0.84 as long as wide in male, about 0.77 as long as wide
in female, its punctures rather coarse, subadjacent; sublateral longi-
tudinal carina of third tergite sharp on basal 0.35 of tergite.
There is an eastern and a western subspecies, separable on color as
indicated in the key.
1. Hind femur fulvous, with a subapical infuscation above; range: Canadian zone
east of the 100th meridian. . . . 7a. sapineus sapineus, new subspecies
Hind femur blackish; range: Alaska to Colorado and California.
7b. sapineus litus, new subspecies
7a. Trieces sapineus sapineus, new subspecies
Ficures 179,b; 180,g
Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, lower lateral corner of frons, mouth-
parts, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow; antenna
reddish brown below; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; hind coxa black,
fulvous apically; hind femur somewhat infuscate subapically above;
hind tibia and tarsi often weakly infuscate except toward base; legs
fulvous except as described otherwise.
44 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Type: 2, Mount Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (Washington,
USNM 63600).
Paratypes: °, Midland Co., Mich., Sept. 2, 1944, R. R. Dreisbach
(Dreisbach). 9, Houston Co., Minn., June 14, 1910 (St. Paul). 9,
Pinkham Notch, N. H., Aug. 23, 1951, H., M., and D. Townes
(Townes). 9, Mount Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (Philadel-
phia). 9, Mount Mitchell, N. C., Aug. 24, 1950, H., M., and D.
Townes (Townes). °, Montigny, Que., June 9, 1941, O. Peck (Ottawa).
9, Quebec Province, June 19, 1895 (Ottawa).
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian zone of eastern North
America.
7b. Trieces sapineus litus, new subspecies
Fiaurs 179,c
Black. Head and its appendages sometimes (in the specimens
from British Columbia and Washington) colored as in the subspecies
sapineus, but often (in the specimens from Alaska, Alberta, and
Colorado) these parts yellowish brown rather than pale yellow and
the dorsolateral corner of face and a median area on face blackish,
or sometimes the face mostly blackish on its dorsal 0.2; antenna
brownish beneath; tegula brown, often yellow at base; apex of femora
Y
Ficures 22-24.—Localities: 22 (left), Trieces sapineus sapineus; 23 (center), T. s. litus; 24
(right), 7. texanus.
and basal 0.2 of tibiae yellow; coxae blackish, apically paler (especially
the front and middle coxae) ; trochanters light brown; front and middle
femora (except at apex) light brown to blackish; hind femur blackish;
tibiae (except on basal 0.2) and tarsi light brown.
Type: 9, near Estes Park, Colo., June 12, 1948, H., M., G., D., and
J. Townes (Washington, USNM 63601).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 45
Paratypes: 2, Aspen Beach, Alta., Aug. 23, 1944, O. Peck (Ottawa).
9, emerged Aug. 25, 1911, from pupa on Pinus, British Columbia
(Ottawa). 9, Leevining, Calif., Apr. 24, 1948, H., M., G., and D.
Townes (Townes). 9, near Sonora Pass, 8,500 ft., Calif., July 7,
1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). 9, Mica, Wash., July 14,
1918, A. L. Melander (St. Paul). 9, Port Angeles, Mount Pleasant
District, Wash., July 16, 1945, R. D. Shenefelt (Madison).
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian zone of western North
America.
8. Trieces texanus (Cresson)
Fiaures 165,b; 180,h
Exochus teranus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 168; ““@7”= 9.
Type: 2, Bosque Co., Tex. (Washington).
Front wing 4.0 to 5.2 mm. long; face about 1.3 as wide as high in
male, about 1.4 as wide as high in female; punctures of face rather
coarse and dense, separated by about 0.3 their diameter; face and
clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial
arm making a long line dorsomesad from clypeal fovea; eye of male
almost without hairs, of female with very short, sparse hairs; meta-
pleurum with an elongate triangle of hairs in its upper hind portion,
without hairs in its upper front corner; striae of metapleurum extend-
ing forward nearly or quite to front of metapleurum, but not far
dorsad; propodeal spiracle long elliptic, its rim confluent with pleural
carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.38 as long as hind spur; sec-
ond segment of middie tarsus about 1.8 as long as wide in male,
about 0.95 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite about
0.76 as long as wide in male, about 0.74 as long as wide in female,
with moderate sized, sharp, separate punctures; sublateral longitudi-
nal carina of third tergite extending about 0.4 the length of the tergite.
Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, and mouth parts, yellow, except that
mandible of female is brown; face with a smail median dorsal area and
a crescent next each antennal socket brown; antenna dark brown,
paler beneath; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; front and middle legs
fulvous, the apex of their femora and basal 0.2 of their tibiae yellow-
ish; hind coxa blackish, apically ferruginous; hind trochanters fulvous;
hind femur blackish to fulvous; hind tibia and tarsus fulvous or some-
times somewhat infuscate, the basal 0.2 of the tibia yellowish.
Specimens: 9, Florida, A. T. Slosson (New York). , Sandhills,
Medora, Kans., June 29, 1923, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). 9°, Takoma
Park, Md., June 23, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 4, 39,
Moorestown, N. J., June 21, June 30, July 3, and July 12, all in 1939,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). o (type), Bosque Co., Tex., G. W.
Belfrage (Washington).
46 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
II. INTEGER GROUP
Eye bare or with hair of various lengths and density; metapleurum
bare of hairs except often for a very few in its extreme upper front
corner and rarely one to three discal hairs of random distribution
(figs. 181,a to 182,a). Otherwise similar to the teranus group.
This group includes the nine Nearctic species described below, T.
platysoma Townes 1946, from Mexico, and an undescribed species
from southern Brazil.
9. Trieces ejectus, new species
FiaureE 181,a
Male type: Front wing 4.2 mm. long; face 1.1 as wide as high, with
moderate-sized sharp punctures, their interspaces about 0.5 their
diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment
of front tentorial arm visible as a dark curved mark crossing the
clypeal fovea, extending a long distance dorsomesad of the fovea and
a short distance ventrolaterad; eye with short sparse hairs; flagellum
with 31 segments; front spur of middle tibia 0.50 as long as hind spur;
second segment of middle tarsus 2.25 as long as wide; metapleurum
without hairs, with rather close sharp wrinkles that occupy all but
its front upper part and its anterior 0.25.
Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons to just below center of
eye emargination, cheek, clypeus, front and middle trochanters, and
tibial spurs yellowish white; clypeal fovea and attachment of front
tentorial arm brown; flagellum brown beneath, blackish brown above;
tegula brown with a basal whitish spot; front and middle coxae
yellowish white, fulvous basally; front and middle femora fulvous,
pale yellow at apex; front and middle tibiae pale fulvous, yellowish
Ficures 25, 26.—Localities: 25 (left), Trieces ejectus; 26 (right), T. walleyt.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 47
white on basal 0.2; front and middle tarsi yellowish white basally,
stramineous apically; hind coxa black, its apex fulvous; hind trochan-
ters fulvous; hind femur blackish brown, fulvous basally, yellowish
on extreme apex; hind tibia yellowish on its basal 0.2, the rest light
reddish brown, infuscate dorsally; hind tarsus dark brown.
Type: o', Strawberry Daniel Pass, Wasatch Co., Utah, June 19,
1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Washington, USNM 63602).
10. Trieces walleyi, new species
Ficure 181,b
Front wing 4.2 to 5.2 mm. long; face 1.25 as wide as high, with
small subadjacent punctures; face and clypeus in profile strongly
convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark curved
mark crossing the clypeal fovea, extending a long distance dorsomesad
from the fovea and a short distance ventrolaterad; eye of male ap-
parently bare; eye of female with short sparse hairs; flagellum of type
with 26 segments, the flagellum of paratypes broken; front spur of
middle tibia about 0.53 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle
tarsus about 1.75 as long as wide in male, about 1.1 as long as wide
in female; metapleurum without hairs except in its upper front corner,
its lower 0.3 with weak coarse wrinkles.
Male: Black. Face, clypeus, lower lateral part of frons to well
above center of eye emargination, front part of cheek, mouth parts,
and tegula, yellowish white, the tegula tinged with fulvous apically;
antenna blackish brown, brown beneath; front and middle trochanters
and coxae pale yellow, the coxae fulvous basally; front and middle
femora and tibiae fulvous, the femora yellowish at apex and tibiae
yellowish white on basal 0.2; tibial spurs yellowish white; tarsi
yellowish white basally, brownish apically; hind coxa black, fulvous
at extreme apex; hind trochanters fulvous; hind femur blackish,
fulvous at base and yellowish at extreme apex; hind tibia light reddish
brown, its basal 0.2 stramineous.
Female: Black. Face, clypeus, lower lateral part of frons to well
above center of eye emargination, front part of cheek, mouth parts,
and tegula, brownish yellow, the tegula tinged with fulvous apically;
antenna blackish brown, reddish brown beneath; extreme apex of
femora and basal 0.2 of tibiae tinged with yellow, the rest of legs
ferruginous with the hind coxa weakly infuscate basally.
Type: 9, reared from Herculia thymetusalis, Kapuskasing, William-
son Township, Ont., July 18, 1942 (Ottawa).
Paratypes: oc’, same data as type, but emerged July 16, 1942
(Ottawa). 9, reared from Pyralidae, Windigo, Que., emerged 1938
(Ottawa).
4S U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
1l. Trieces integer, new species
Fieure 181,c
Front wing 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long; face about 1.15 as wide as high,
its punctures of moderate size and strength, the interspaces about 0.5
their diameter; face and clypeus in profile strongly convex; attach-
ment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark, narrowly lanceolate
area around the clypeal fovea; eye apparently without hairs; flagellum
with about 31 segments in male and about 25 segments in female;
median segments of female flagellum about 1.0 as long as wide;
front spur of middle tibia about 0.52 as long as hind spur; second seg-
ment of middle tarsus about 2.15 as long as wide in male, about 1.85
as long as wide in female; metapleurum without hairs except for
usually a very few in its upper front corner and sometimes one to
three scattered on its disc; wrinkles on metapleurum few, moderately
strong, occupying the median part of its lower 0.3.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons, front part of
cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts, pale yellow; antenna blackish brown,
tinged with reddish brown below; tegula dark fulvous to dark brown,
pale yellow basally; front and middle coxae pale yellow, fulvous
basally; front and middle trochanters pale yellow; apex of front and
middle femora and base of front and middle tibia tinged with pale
yellow; hind coxa black, ferruginous apically; hind tarsus infuscate
brown; legs fulvous except as described otherwise.
Female: Black. Face, front part of cheek, and clypeus fulvous;
lower lateral corner of frons yellowish fulvous; mouth parts reddish
brown; antenna reddish brown, darker above; tegula dark reddish
brown; legs fulvoferruginous, the hind coxa more or less black except
apically and the hind femur occasionally brownish.
This species is rather close to the Mexican 7. platysoma Townes,
1946, which differs in having the body a little more depressed, the
Ficure 27.—Localities for Trt-
eces integer.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 49
yellow on frons a little more extensive, the hind femur fuscous, and
the bases of the tibiae tinged with yellow.
Type: 9, Farmingdale, N. Y., Aug. 11, 1938, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63603).
Paratypes: o, Holliston, Mass., Aug. 3, N. Banks (Cambridge).
o', Cheboygan Co., Mich., July 31, 1930, H. B. Hungerford (Townes).
o', Cheboygan Co., Mich., Aug. 8, 1943, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach).
o', 2, Clare Co., Mich., Sept. 4, 1950, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach).
2, Gladwin Co., Mich., July 20, 1939, R. R. Dreisbach (Washington).
9, Farmingdale, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
9, Crabtree Meadows in Yancey Co. at 3,600 ft., N. C., Aug. 21,
1950, H. M., D., and J. Townes (Townes). 9, Hopkinton, R. L.,
Aug. 31, 1946, M. Townes (Townes). 7, 9, Kingston, R. I., Aug.
11, 1946, M. Townes (Townes). 2c’, Saskatoon, Sask., Aug. 5,
1925, and Aug. 17, 1926, Kenneth M. King (Ottawa). 3967, flying
over blackberry (Rubus) tangles, Skyline Drive, Va., Aug. 5, 1945,
H. and M. Townes (‘Townes).
This species appears to occur among scattered oaks, in the Alle-
ghenian fauna. Adults occur during the last half of summer.
12. Trieces fusus, new species
Ficure 181,d
Front wing 3.3 to 3.8 mm. long; flagellum with 26 or 27 segments
in male, with about 20 segments in female; flagellum of female
unusually short and fusiform, its median segments about 0.85 as
long as wide; metapleurum without discal hairs in any of the specimens
at hand.
Antenna of male dark brown, stramineous below, the scape and
pedicel almost clear pale yellow below; hind femur of female ferru-
ginous to brown, usually tinged with brown; hind tarsus of male
stramineous.
Structure and color similar to that of Trieces integer, except as
described above.
Type: 9, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1936, H. Townes (Wash-
ington, USNM 63604).
Paratypes: 29, Holliston, Mass., August 3 and 5, N. Banks (Cam-
bridge). 9, Woods Hole, Mass. (Cambridge). 92, Itasca Park, Minn.,
September 1927, S. Garthside (Washington). 29, Moorestown,
N. J., Aug. 6, 1939, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o’, Ithaca,
N. Y., July 23, 1939, P. P. Babiy (Townes). 9, Toronto, Ont.,
Aug. 10, 1896, D. G. Cox (Washington). o, Spring Brook, Pa.,
July 11, 1945, H. Townes (Townes).
This is a species of the Alleghenian fauna. Adults occur during
the last half of summer.
50 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
13. Trieces aquilus, new species
Ficures 179,d; 181,e
Female type: Front wing 2.8 mm. long; face 1.05 as wide as high,
with coarse strong punctures, their interspaces about 0.2 their di-
ameter; face and clypeus in profile rather weakly curved; clypeal
fovea and attachment of front tentorial arm not distinct; eye ap-
parently without hairs; flagellum with 20 segments; front spur of
middle tibia 0.35 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle
tarsus 1.6 as long as wide; metapleurum without hairs, with close
sharp wrinkles in its lower 0.25.
Ficures 28—30.—Localities: 28 (left), Trieces fusus; 29 (center), 7. aquilus; 30 (right), T.
Sparsus
Black. Interantennal process broadly margined with yellowish
white; mandible mostly yellowish white; palpi stramineous; flagellum
blackish brown, brown below; tegula brown with a yellowish basal
spot; hind coxa dark brown; hind femur dark brown, its base and
apex light brown; basal 0.2 of tibiae pale yellowish; legs ight brown
except as described otherwise.
Type: 9, Highlands, N. C., Oct. 13, 1941, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63605).
14. Trieces sparsus, new species
Ficure 181,f
Front wing 2.8 to 4.0 mm. long; face about 1.1 as wide as high, its
punctures small and rather sharp, their interspaces about 0.5 their
diameter ; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of
front tentorial arm visible as a dark area surrounding clypeal fovea
and with a short appendage extending dorsomesad; eye of male
bare, of female with rather sparse short hairs; flagellum of male
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 51
with about 31 segments, of female with about 21 segments; front
spur of middle tibia about 0.50 as long as hind spur; second segment
of middle tarsus about 2.0 as long as wide in male, about 1.5 as long
as wide in female; metapleurum without hairs, with an area of close
sharp wrinkles occupying the central part of its lower 0.4.
Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons to just below center
of eye emargination, front part of cheek, clypeus, and mouthparts,
pale yellow in male, stramineous in female; flagellum blackish brown,
tinged with reddish brown beneath; tegula fulvous brown with a
basal pale yellow spot; legs light fulvous, the front and middle coxae
apically, front and middle trochanters, apex of front and middle
femora, base of front and middle tibiae, and the front and middle
tarsi, stramineous; hind coxa blackish, fulvous apically; hind tro-
chanters fulvous; hind femur reddish brown to blackish brown, the
extreme apex and the basal 0.12 to 0.6 fulvous brown; hind tibia
whitish on its basal 0.2, the rest light fulvous brown, infuscate dor-
_sally; hind tarsus infuscate brown.
Type: 9, Elizabethtown, N. C., April 25, H. Townes (Washington,
USNM 63606).
Paratypes: 30<, 49 from Connecticut (Sterling and Voluntown);
Minnesota (Washington Co.); Massachusetts (Auburndale and Hol-
liston); New York (Ithaca, Rock City in Cattaraugus Co., and West
Danby): North Carolina (Mount Pisgah at 4,800 to 5,300 ft.); Ohio
(Summit Co.); Pennsylvania (Spring Brook); Rhode Island (Kings-
ton); South Carolina (McClellanville); and Vermont (Manchester and
Mount Equinox). There are 10 collection dates from June 3 to 26 in
various localities, other dates are: April 25 at Elizabethtown, N. C.;
May 12 and 14 at McClellanville, S. C.; May 25 at Ithaca, N. Y.;
May 30 at West Danby, N. Y.; August 8 at Sterling, Conn.; Aug. 11
at Kingston, R. I.; and August 25 at Spring Brook, Pa.
This species occurs from the Canadian to the Lower Austral zone
in eastern North America. There seems to be a late spring brood of
adults that lasts through June, and a second brood that occurs in
August.
15. Trieces marlatti (Ashmead)
Fiaure 181,g
Chorinaeus marlatti Ashmead, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 200; 9.
Type: 9, Riley Co., Kans. (Washington).
Front wing 3.1 to 3.3 mm. long; face about 1.05 as wide as high,
with small sharp punctures, their interspaces about 0.5 their diam-
eter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of
front tentorial arm visible as a dark area surrounding clypeal fovea
and with a linear appendage extending dorsomesad; eye with rather
BD U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
long, moderately dense hairs; flagellum with 32 segments in male,
with about 25 segments in female; front spur of middle tibia about
0.53 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 2.5 as long
as wide in male, about 1.5 as long as wide in female; metapleurum
with a few hairs in its upper front corner, elsewhere bare, its wrinkles
rather fine, occupying the lower hind third of its area. —
Black. Male face, cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts, ivory; female
face, cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts fulvous, the mandible some-
what darker; lower lateral part of frons of both sexes to well above
center of eye emargination yellowish; antenna blackish brown, in
male tinged with stramineous below, in female brown below; tegula
brown with a yellow basal spot; legs fulvous, the front and middle
tibiae basally yellowish and basal 0.2 of hind tibia pale yellow; front
and middle coxae and trochanters of male pale yellow, the coxae
fulvous basally; front and middle tarsi of male and apex of front and
middle femora of male pale yellow.
Specimens: (type), Riley Co., Kans., C. L. Marlatt (Washington).
o', found in pitcher of Sarracenia flava, Raleigh, N. C., May 11, 1939,
D. L. Wray (Townes). 9, Southern Pines, N. C., Oct. 31, 1950, H.
Townes (Townes). 9, Hopkinton, R. I., Aug. 3, 1946, M. Townes
(Townes).
16. Trieces bradleyi, new species
Figure 181,h
Female: Front wing 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long; face about 1.1 as wide as
high, with moderate sized weak punctures, their interspaces about
0.3 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex;
attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark area around
clypeal fovea and a short appendage extending dorsomesad; eye with
Ficures 31-33.—Localities: 31 (left), Trieces marlatti; 32 (center), T. bradleyi; 33 (right).
T. ciliosus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE as
rather long, moderately dense hairs; flagellum with about 21 seg-
ments; front spur of middle tibia about 0.50 as long as hind spur;
second segment of middle tarsus about 1.7 as long as wide; meta-
pleurum with a few hairs in its upper front corner, the rest bare, with
rather strong radiating wrinkles in its lower 0.3.
Black. Face, clypeus, tegula, and legs light brownish fulvous, the
tibiae basally a little paler and the hind coxa sometimes basally
brownish; mandible and antenna brown; palpi stramineous.
Type: 9, Casco, Maine, Aug. 13, 1944, J. C. Bradley (Washington,
USNM 63607).
Paratypes: 2, Cabin John, Md., R. M. Fouts (Washington). @,
Bemus Point, N. Y., Aug. 21, 1937, H. Townes (Townes).
17. Trieces ciliosus, new species
Ficure 182,a
Front wing 2.8 to 3.0 mm. long; face about 0.95 as wide as high, its
punctures coarse and subadjacent; face and clypeus in profile weakly
convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark circle
around clypeal fovea with a short, linear, dorsomesal appendage; eye
with long, rather dense hairs; flagellum with about 25 segments;
front spur of middle tibia about 0.52 as long as hind spur; second
segment of middle tarsus 2.0 as long as wide in male, about 1.25 as
long as wide in female; metapleurum with a few hairs in its upper
front corner, elsewhere bare, with rather fine, short, radiating wrinkles
next to its coxal attachment.
Black. Face, front part of cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts, pale
yellow; antenna blackish brown, a little paler below; front and middle
legs brownish fulvous, their tibiae basally pale yellow; hind coxa and
femur dark brown, the coxa at apex and the femur at base and apex
pale brown; hind trochanters pale brown; hind tibia and tarsus brown,
the basal 0.2 of hind tibia whitish.
Type: 9, Hyattsville, Md., Oct. 7, 1888, T. Pergande (Washington,
USNM 63608).
Paratypes: o', Takoma Park, Md., Sept. 24, 1944, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 9, Falls Church, Va., July 21, 1920, William
Middleton (Washington).
III. DENTATUS GROUP
Head of moderate width; body rather elongate; attachment of front
arm of tentorium visible as a long arched line extending from clypeal
fovea ventrolaterally and farther dorsomedially along the clypeal
suture; eye with short, sparse hairs; mesopleurum in its lower hind
corner with a weak, wedge-shaped ripple but without sharp wrinkles
(figs. 182,b,c); metapleurum without a vertical pit in its hind end.
54 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
often with a continuous band of hairs along its upper edge, the hairs
arising from very fine punctures, elsewhere the metapleurum polished,
below the middle with broad gentle rippling, over base of hind coxa
smooth and gently convex; median and sublateral longitudinal carinae
of third tergite nearly reaching apex of tergite; fourth tergite with
median and sublateral longitudinal carinae present basally.
Two Nearctic and two unidentified Neotropic species of this group
are before us. The Neotropic species comprise one from Costa Rica
and another from Guatemala, British Guiana, and Argentina. The
two Nearctic species are treated below.
18. Trieces calvatus, new species
FicgurEe 182,b
Front wing 3.5 to 4.2 mm. long; face in profile weakly convex, its
punctures rather coarse and strong, their interspaces about 0.25 their
diameter; flagellum with about 29 segments in male, with about 24
segments in female; third segment of maxillary palpus about 3.0 as
long as wide; prepectal carina continuing dorsally till it reaches front
edge of mesopleurum; lateral carina of scutellum not projecting beyond
apex of scutellum to form a tooth; metapleurum with about six strong,
straight, sublongitudinal rugae, without hairs; front spur of middle
tibia about 0.42 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus
about 2.0 as long as wide in male, about 1.33 as long as wide in female;
median and sublateral longitudinal carinae of fourth tergite extending
about half the length of tergite; sublateral carina on third tergite
weakly curved.
Black. Face, side of frons, clypeus, and mouth parts, yellow tinged
with fulvous; antenna fulvous brown, paler below and basally; tegula
fulvous, yellow at base; legs fulvous, the extreme apex of femora, basal
Ficures 34, 35.—Localities: 34 (left), Trieces calvatus; 35 (right), 7°. dentatus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 55
0.23 of tibiae, tibial spurs, and front and middle coxae and trochanters
of male, yellowish, the hind coxa and femur reddish brown to black;
abdomen ferruginous on apical part of fifth tergite and on sixth and
following segments.
Type: 2, Glen Echo, Md., July 1925, R. M. Fouts (Washington,
USNM 63609).
Paratypes: 9, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 25, 1943, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 9, Marion, N. C., Aug. 29, 1950, H., M., and D.
Townes (Townes). 9, Wake Co., N. C., July 1, 1951, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). o’, Devils River, Tex., May 6, 1907, F. C. Bishopp
(Washington).
19. Trieces dentatus, new species
FiaurE 182,c
Front wing 4.4 to 5.2 mm. long; face in profile weakly convex, its
punctures coarse and strong, their interspaces about 0.25 their dia-
meter; flagellum with about 39 segments in male, with about 34 seg-
ments in female; third segment of maxillary palpus about 1.6 as long
as wide in male, about 1.3 as long as wide in female; dorsal part of
prepectal carina absent, the carina not reaching front edge of meso-
pleurum; lateral carina of scutellum projecting beyond apex of scutel-
lum to form an acute tooth; metapleurum almost smooth except for
a prominent juxtacoxal carina, with a band of numerous hairs along
its upper margin, the hairs arising from minute punctures; front spur
of middle tibia about 0.46 as long as hind spur; second segment of
middle tarsus about 1.9 as long as wide in male, about 1.15 as long as
wide in female; median and sublateral longitudinal carinae extending
entire length of fourth tergite, in male present also on fifth tergite;
sublateral carina on third tergite weakly curved.
Black. Face, side of frons, clypeus, cheek, and mouth parts, yellow
tinged with fulvous, the palpi pale yellow; antenna brown, paler be-
neath, the under side of scape pale fulvous; tegula fulvous, yellow at
base; legs fulvous, the extreme apex of femora, basal 0.23 of tibiae,
and tibial spurs, yellowish; tinges on front and middle coxae and
trochanters of male yellow; abdomen ferruginous on sixth and follow-
ing segments, the sixth tergite basally infuscate, especially in males.
In one female specimen the thorax is ferruginous rather than black,
and the abdomen is tinged with ferruginous.
Type: 9, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 26, 1938, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63610).
Paratypes: 29, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 12, 1943, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 9, Eastport, N. Y., July 23, 1938, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 39, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 17, July 29, and
August 21, allin 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o’, 9, Constance
451582—59 5
56 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Bay, Ont., June 18, 1935, F. A. Urquhart (Ottawa). <7, Constance
Bay, Ont., Aug. 17, 1933, G.S. Walley (Ottawa). 29, Constance Bay,
Ont., July 20, 1933, and Aug. 8, 1935, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). ,
“Cynthia Township,” emerged in incubator from Geometridae, Apr.
4, 1947 (Ottawa). <, “Law Township,” emerged in incubator from
Geometridae, Apr. 11, 1947 (Ottawa). o, ‘Petit Lac Travers,”
emerged in incubator from Geometridae, Apr. 3, 1941 (Ottawa). 9,
Westerly, R. I., Aug. 22, 1946, M. Townes (Townes).
This species occurs in the Carolinian fauna. It has been reared
three times from geometrids.
IV. ONITIS GROUP
Head wide to very wide; body moderately short; eye with short
sparse hairs; mesopleurum in its lower hind corner with fine longi-
tudinal wrinkles; metapleurum with a vertical slotlike pit in its hind
end, broadly hairy along its upper margin, rather sharply punctate
in the hair band, and with sharp longitudinal wrinkles except in its
upper front third (fig. 182,d); median and sublateral carinae of third
tergite present basally but absent beyond its middle; fourth tergite
without median or sublateral longitudinal carinae.
We have seen four species of this group, the three Nearctic species
treated below and an undescribed species from the mountains of
northern Luzon in the Philippines.
20. Tricces arcuatus, new species
Figure 182,d
Front wing 4.2 to 5.9 mm. long; face about 1.6 as wide as high; face
and clypeus in profile with an unbroken, evenly convex surface; middle
half of apical margin of clypeus truncate or weakly convex; flagellum
Ficure 36.—Localities for
Trieces arcuatus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 57
with about 36 segments in male, with about 40 segments in female;
front spur of middle tibia about 0.34 as long as hind spur in male,
about 0.48 as long as hind spur in female; second segment of middle
tarsus about 2.05 as long as wide in male, about 1.85 as long as wide
in female.
Both sexes colored as in J’. onitis, except that the female mandible
is yellow.
Type: 2, Takoma Park, Md., July 17, 1948, H. and M. Townes
(Washington USNM 63611).
Paratypes: co’, Pierson, Man., July 3, 1927, H. J. Brodie (Ottawa).
9, Takoma Park, Md., June 20, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
o', Rock City in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., June 9, 1915 (Washington).
9, Rocky Mount, N. C., June 21, 1951, H. Townes (Townes). ,
Spring Brook, Pa., May 24, 1945, H. Townes (Washington). <o,
Black Pond in Fairfax Co., Va., June 19, 1919, William Middleton
(Washington).
This species occurs in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas.
21. Trieces diffidens, new species
Front wing 3.7 to 4.5 mm. long; face about 1.6 as wide as high; face
and clypeus in profile with an unbroken, evenly convex surface, or
slightly flattened below; middle half of apical margin of clypeus
faintly (most males) to distinctly (females) concave; flagellum with
about 33 segments in male, with about 32 segments in female; front
spur of middle tibia about 0.36 as long as hind spur; second segment of
middle tarsus about 1.5 as long as wide in male, about 1.4 as long as
wide in female.
Both sexes colored as in 7’. onitis, except that the female mandible
is yellow.
eae
aay ry
wy ‘ aa are
ie NI
Ficures 37, 38.—Localities: 37 (left), Trieces difidens; 38 (right), T. onitis.
58 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Type: 9, southern New Jersey, 1895, Chas. Liebeck (Washington,
USNM 63612).
Paratypes: 2, Steamboat Springs, Colo., July, C. F. Baker (Wash-
ington). 7, reared from Tetralopha sp. on Fagus, Bar Harbor, Maine,
host collected Sept. 10, 1945, parasite emerged Mar. 27, 1946 (Wash-
ington). 9, Takoma Park, Md., May 31, 1942, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). o, Fall River, Mass., July 3, 1908, N.S. Easton (Cam-
bridge). o, Bemus Point, N. Y., June 19, 1937, H. Townes (Townes).
2, Heart Lake in Essex Co., N. Y., June 28, 1940, H. Dietrich (Ithaca).
o', Mattituck, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1946, Roy Lathan (Washington).
o', reared from Psilocorsis fletcherella, Deux Riviéres, Ont., 1945
(Ottawa). 9, Swansea near Toronto, Ont., July 30, 1938, H. S.
Parish (Townes). o,reared from Psilocorsis fletcherella, Temiskaming,
Ont., 1945 (Ottawa). 9, Aylmer, Que., May 18, 1934, G. S. Walley
(Ottawa). 2, Hull, Que., May 30 and 31, 1903 (Ottawa). 9, no
data (Ottawa).
This species is widespread in the Transition zone from the Atlantic
Coast to Colorado.
22. Trieces onitis (Davis)
Figure 179,e
Chorinaeus onitis Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 210; #, 9.
Lectotype: 9 Mount Washington, N. H. (Philadelphia).
Front wing 4.8 to 5.5 mm. long; face 1.89 as wide as high in male,
1.91 to 2.25 as wide as high in female; face in profile strongly bulged
above clypeus; middle half of apical margin of clypeus strongly
concave; flagellum of the single male specimens broken, in female
specimens with about 30 segments; front spur of middle tibia about
0.47 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus of male 2.0
as long as wide, of female about 1.05 as long as wide.
Male: Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, lower part of temple, large
ventrolateral area on frons, mouth parts, front and middle legs except
for fulvous tinge on femora behind, apex of hind coxa beneath, tinge
on hind trochanters, tinge on apex of hind femur, basal 0.25 of hind
tibia, and tibial spurs, pale yellow; antenna brown, pale yellow beneath
but shading to light brown toward apex; tegula yellow, reddish brown
apically; hind coxa blackish except apically beneath; hind leg beyond
coxa fulvous except where described as yellow.
Female: Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, lower part of temple, large
ventrolateral area on frons, mouth parts except mandible, under side
of scape and pedicel, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale
yellow; mandible light brown to dark brown; flagellum reddish brown,
paler below; tegula dark brown; legs fulvous except where described
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 59
as yellow, the middle coxa infuscate basally, the hind coxa blackish
except at apex, and front and middle trochanters and apex of front and
middle coxae more or less tinged with pale yellowish. Sometimes
the ground color of the legs is brownish rather than fulvous.
Specimens: 9, Baldur, Man., June 23, 1924, R. D. Bird (Ottawa).
o', 29, (lectotype and paratypes), Mount Washington, N. H.,
A. T. Slosson (Philadelphia). o, Mount Washington, N. H., A. T.
Slosson (New York). 9, Mount Washington, N. H., June 15,
Nelson (Cambridge).
5. Genus Hemimetopius
Figure 166,a
Hemimetopius Benoit, 1955, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, ser 8, vol. 36, p. 344.
Type: Hemimetopius kayoveanus Benoit; original designation.
Front wing about 5 mm. long; front spur of middle tibia about 0.8
as long as hind spur; thorax in dorsal view pyriform, somewhat swollen
anteriorly; pronotum dorsally roundly curved toward its dorsal
margin, except that there is a broad, faint impression near its margin;
scutellum quadrate, a little wider than long, its lateral carina strong
and produced apically as in the genus Metopius; mesopleural suture
absent; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete, not
interrupted in front of the middle coxae (this carina incomplete in all
other Metopiinae); metapleurum with fine setiferous punctures all
over, without sharp wrinkles; second tergite with a sharp median
longitudinal carina, without a distinct sublateral carina; third tergite
with a fine sharp median longitudinal carina, without a sublateral
carina. Structure otherwise as described for Chorinacus.
This is an Ethiopian genus. ‘Two species were described by Benoit
in 1955 and a specimen from Nigeria that appears to represent a third
species is in the U.S. National Museum. ‘This specimen was used for
the generic description above and for preparing the figure.
6. Genus Metopius
Front wing 6 to 16 mm. long; body punctation coarse and strong;
face with most of its surface occupied by a flat or concave escutcheon-
shaped area that is bounded by a carina; interantennal process of
face variously shaped, according to the subgenus; temple moderately
short to very short, convex to flat; occipital carina present above, the
rest present or absent according to the subgenus; cheek short; mandible
with its lower tooth much smaller than its upper tooth or sometimes
lacking; flagellum moderately slender to thickened, often somewhat
flattened, long to rather short; upper margin of pronotum not thick-
ened or slightly thickened; propleurum moderately convex; scutellum
short, transverse, dorsolaterally with a winglike flange that extends
60 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
apically as a prominent point; areolet present, large; nervulus opposite
basal vein to beyond it by about 0.3 its length; nervellus broken above
the middle; prepectal carina various, according to the subgenus;
sternaulus a long, broad groove; metapleurum covered with coarse
punctures, or rarely the punctures are very sparse; propodeal carinae
as in figures 166,b to 169,b; propodeal spiracle a long slit; suture
between second trochanter and femur of front and middle legs obso-
lete; middle tibia with one spur; hind tibia with two spurs; front and
middle tarsal claws pectinate or apparently simple; hind tarsal
claws apparently simple; abdomen usually parallel-sided, strongly
punctate, usually strongly convex above; first tergite quadrate,
usually stout, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its median longitudinal
carinae and sublateral carinae extending to its apex, usually strong;
second tergite often with a short weak sublateral carina; third to
fifth tergites occasionally with a thin median carina; epipleura of all
exposed tergites large and separated from tergite by a crease; eighth
and following tergites of male retracted; seventh and following tergites
of female retracted; female sixth sternite a large unspecialized sclerite.
This genus is worldwide in distribution and contains a rather large
number of species. Collectors, however, consider Metopius to be
among the rarest of the ichneumon flies and very few persons have
ever found a species common. On one occasion we found Metopius
mimicus abundant, and we have sometimes taken more than one
specimen of Metopius aanthostigma and M. krombeini krombeini in
a day. Except for these three our catches of Nearctic species have
been only occasional and sporadic.
Metopius adults frequent relatively dry, open places, and cruise
at about 0.5 to 3 meters height, at the tops of weeds or bushes, or
along the outside edges of woods, much in the manner of a Humenes
or other eumenine wasps. In coloration they mimic wasps, particu-
larly eumenine wasps. In many species the resemblance is heightened
by the front third of the front wing being darker (to mimic the longi-
tudinally folded front wing of the Vespidae). In flight the end of the
abdomen is curled downward as in Eumenes. In the field, the longer
antennae is the most conspicuous character that identifies them as
ichneumonids. When captured, all the species (so far as observed)
give a high-pitched, wasp-like buzz. Meiopius and Alomya are the
only ichneumonids known to buzz like this.
Beginning with Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8, pp. 325-437),
there has been a tendency to divide Metopius into subgenera. In
some ways these subgenera are more like species groups, but since the
tradition of calling them subgenera seems to be established, it is con-
tinued in this paper, and expanded by the erection of two new sub-
genera.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 61
Key to the subgenera of Metopius
1. Lower tooth of mandible absent or present, when present attached to lower
outer edge of upper tooth, not or weakly impressed inward toward mouth;
interantennal process of face compressed and with a median carina except
in some non-Nearctic species of the subgenus Metopius . .. . OR
Lower tooth of mandible present, impressed inward toward Ponti so erunt it
is not on lower outer edge of upper tooth; interantennal process of face with-
out a median carina; margin of clypeus not reflexed or raised from base of
ab xriMn @..655) 5577 . 40 ct ieee.
2. Second recurrent vein Sia 2 ‘bullae Ge 166 aie inerenatonvalla process project-
ing forward a little to form a compressed tubercle at top of face (fig. 166,b),
lower tooth of mandible basad of upper tooth by about 1.3 the basal width
of upper tooth, hind femur about 4 times as long as deep (fig. 166,b).
Palaearctic’ - 2... ... . IL. Peltocarus
Second recurrent vein eit 1 iil or Wrarcle mith 2; interantennal process
not projecting forward (figs. 167,a, and 168,a,b); ign er tooth of mandible
absent, or if present basad of upper tooth by more than 1.5 the basal width
of upper tooth; hind femur about 3 times as long as ang (figs. 167,a,
NGSracbyeeee” se A! ge ROP AS wee eS
3. Occipital carina erred) Below evel of Cente of oramion magnum, in the
majority of cases complete to the hypostomal carina; flagellum not short
and blunt, its wider segments 1.2 to 1.85 as wide as long (fig. 167,a); lower
tooth of mandible often present but small; claws of front and middle tarsi
apparently simple, or sometimes pectinate on their basal 0.3. Holarctie,
Oriental, and Australian. . . . ... . . 2. Metopius
Occipital carina absent below evel a eae of ferniien magnum; flagellum
thick and blunt, the wider segments 2.0 to 3.0 as wide as long (figs. 168,a,b);
lower tooth of mandible entirely absent; claws of front and middle tarsi
pectinate on basal 0.3 to 0.65, or pectinate throughout. Nearctic.
3. Cultrarius
4. Prepectal carina turned weakly forward above sternaulus, gradually approach-
ing front edge of mesopleurum but ending well separated from it (fig. 167,b);
interantennal process strongly concave and with wide raised lateral flanges.
Neotropic and Nearctic. . . . .... . 4 Peltales
Prepectal carina turned sharply ieee se Agone prec silat eaeantie approach-
ing front edge of mesopleurum, then closely paralleling it (fig. 169,a,b);
interantennal process flat, convex, or concave, without Pate lateral
flanges .. . Gk aD
5. Frons with a eta famene aeons is nee eaas en upper end of inter-
antennal process of face. Holarctic. . .. . ... . « 5. Tylopius
Frons with a separate median horn or compra tooth which is connected
with upper end of interantennal process of face by a ridge. Palaearctic and
iurcmtallas., sine TMA, Uh ET, Ree eS Oe? 62 Geratopius
1. Subgenus Peltocarus
Figure 166,b
Peltocarus Thomson, 1887, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 196. Type:
Peltocarus croceicornis Thomson; designated by Viereck, 1914.
Clémontia Michener, 1941, Pan-Pacific Ent. vol 17, p. 2; new synonymy. Type:
Ichneumon micratorius Fabricius; original designation.
Facial shields omewhat escutcheon-shaped, but the sides converging
ventrally and continued across the bottom in a parabolic curve and
62 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
the upper margin broadly pointed medially, where the interantennal
process runs down into the shield as a ridgelike tubercle; interantennal
process prominent, compressed, produced a little forward and running
into upper corner of facial shield; margin of clypeus projecting well
beyond base of labrum, truncate medially, curved at the lateral
corners; mandible with two teeth, the lower tooth not impressed and
basad of the upper tooth by only about 1.3 the basal width of upper
tooth; maxilla and labrum short; temple moderately wide and weakly
convex; occipital carina moderately close to foramen magnum, com-
plete; prepectal carina ending a little dorsad of sternaulus; second
recurrent vein with two bullae; hind femur about 4.0 as long as wide;
tarsal claws apparently simple; first tergite in profile with a flat
dorsal face and slightly concave anterodorsal face, the two faces
meeting in a distinct hump; male clasper convex, without a lateral
ridge. This subgenus occurs in the western Palaearctic, whence
Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8, pp. 335-346) has recorded seven
species.
Ichneumon micratorius Fabricius, the genotype of Clémontia, has
usually been determined as a species of the subgenus Tylopius. We
have studied the type in Fabricius’ collection (Kiel) and find that it
is not micratorius of authors but the same as Metopius (Peltocarus)
dentatus Fabricius as interpreted by Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8,
p. 340).
2. Subgenus Metopius
Ficure 167,a
Metopius Panzer, 1806, Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutschlands. . . ,
vol. 2, p. 78. Type: Sphex vespoides Scopoli; designated by Viereck, 1912.
Peltastes Illiger, 1807, in Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 55. Typ :
(Ichneumon necatorius Fabricius) =vespoides (Scopoli); designated by Curt
1824.
Peltopius Clément, 1930, Konowia, vol. 8, p. 347. Type: (Spher) Metopius
vespoides (Scopoli); original designation.
Facial shield escutcheon-shaped, its upper edge arcuate, its basal
point present or absent, sometimes acuminate; interantennal process
compressed and forming or surmounted by a median longitudinal ridge,
except in a few non-Nearctic species in which the interantennal
process is in the form of a short broad triangle without a median
ridge; interantennal process continuous dorsally with a sharply com-
pressed tubercle in middle of frons, or separated from this tubercle
so that the tubercle forms an independant horn; clypeus broad, its
margin almost straight, distinctly reflexed and elevated away from
base of labrum; lower tooth of mandible absent or present, when
present not or weakly impressed, basad of the apex of upper tooth by
at least 1.5 basal width of upper tooth; galea and glossa short; temple
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 63
convex to flat; occipital carina very close to or distant from foramen
magnum, extending ventrally to below center of foramen magnum
and often complete to the hypostomal carina; prepectal carina, if
complete above, angled strongly forward just above sternaulus almost
to reach front edge of mesopleurum, then paralleling front edge of
mesopleurum to near subtegular ridge; second recurrent vein with one
bulla; hind femur about three times as long as deep; tarsal claws on
front and middle tarsi apparently simple, or pectinate on basal 0.3;
first tergite in profile various, weakly rounded to pyramidally elevated
with a straight dorsal face and straight or somewhat concave antero-
dorsal face; male clasper convex, without a lateral ridge.
This subgenus is of almost worldwide distribution. Clément (1930,
Konowia, vol. 8, pp. 347-365) treats nine Palaearctic species under the
subgeneric name Peltopius; and Metopius (Metopius) velutinus
Clément, 1929, also appears to be correctly placed in the subgenus
Metopius. Metopius rufus Cameron, 1905, and Metopius browni
Ashmead, 1906, are representatives of a distinct Indo-Australian
species group which we consider a part of the subgenus Metopius.
Metopius femoratus Cresson, 1874, from Mexico also belongs in this
subgenus. We have two unidentified species of the subgenus from
Africa, and there are six Nearctic species, as treated below.
All the Nearctic species have certain characters in common which
are enumerated here to escape the need to cite them under the
individual species. Facial shield ventrally rounded or subtruncate;
temple moderately convex; occipital carina moderately close to fora-
men magnum, complete below; prepectal carina complete above;
flagellum of moderate thickness, its wider segments about 1.7 as
wide as long.
Key to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Metopius
1. Lower tooth of mandible present as a distinct, though small projection . . 2
Lower tooth of mandible absent ... . tea a
2, First tergite in side view pyramidal above, fhe fennite Puente 1. 2 as eae as high;
front wing 11 to14mm.long .. . | steak . 1. robustus Gresion
First tergite in side view rounded above, the tergite about 1.35 to 1.6 as long
as high; front wing 6to1l1mm.long. .. . : Rigen kegel
3. Third tergite about 0.90 as long as wide; Sienes on meso- a metapleura
moderately coarse; apicolateral angles of tergites a little less dintinct; front
wing 7 to 11 mm. long ... . . . . .2. mimicus, new species
Third tergite about 0.75 as long as oar eee on meso- and metapleura
very coarse; apicolateral angles of ete a little more distinct; front wing
6.to 8 mm, Jong .- ... . . . . 3 krombeini, new species
4. Yellow on second to fourth Meets ieainlly narrow, sublaterally extending
forward almost to reach front margin of tergite (fig. 184,b)
5. galbaneus, new species
Yellow on second to fourth tergites of rather even width, wide, narrow, or some-
times absent from second tergite, but not narrow medially and almost
reaching front margin sublaterally (figs. 183,2,h; 184,a,c) . ...... 5
64 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
5. Yellow markings occupying narrow apical margin of second tergite (or some-
times lacking from this tergite), broader apical margin of third tergite, and
all but base of fourth tergite (figs. 183,g,h, 184,a); first tergite about 0.78
aslong as wide .... . . . .4. pulchelius Cresson
Yellow markings occupying neal jaa! of second to fourth tergites (fig.
184,c); first tergite about 0.70 as long as wide . .6. vittatus, new specie
1. Metopius (Metopius) robustus Cresson
Front wing 11 to 14 mm. long; punctures on facial shield moderately
large but irregular in size, strong, their interspaces about 0.3 their
diameter; lower tooth of mandible small but quite distinct; punctures
on mesopleurum coarse, very strong, subadjacent; punctation of
metapleurum similar to that of mesopleurum but a little coarser; first
tergite about 0.68 as long as wide, in profile pyramidal above, 1.2 as
long as high; third tergite about 0.82 as long as wide; seventh tergite
of male and sixth tergite of female with a blunt median apical angle
which is strongly raised.
This is the largest Nearctic species of the subgenus and it has the
most strongly raised first tergite. There are three subspecies, dis-
tinguishable on color as indicated below.
Key to the subspecies of Metopius robustus
1. Wings blackish; fourth tergite black with apical 0.3 white (fig. 183,c); range:
Carolinian fauna. . . . . . le. robustus rebustus Cresson
Wings light brown; fourth cents wollen black basally (figs. 183,a,b) . . . 2
2. Hind femur black, elles on apical part and extreme base; second tergite black,
yellow at apex (fig. 183,a); range: Nevada and Genet
la. robustus concinnus Cresson
Hind femur ferruginous, yellow on apical part and extreme base; second tergite
ferruginous, black at base (fig. 183,b); range: Kansas and Colorado.
lb. robustus mirandus Cresson
la. Metopius (Metopius) robustus concinnus Cresson, new status
Figure 183,a
Metopius concinnus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxvii;
co. Type: o, Nevada, (Philadelphia).
Black. Face except for vertical elliptical area in center of facial
shield, interantennal process, side of face, scape, pedicel, palpi, stripe
next upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, oval area beneath
front end of subtegular ridge (often confluent with the yellow on
subtegular ridge), small spot on mesopleurum next to middle coxa,
spot in hind part of metapleurum, apical half of scutellum, laterobasal
part of scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area
of propodeum, apex of coxae, more or less of upper side of hind coxa,
trochanters, narrow base and broad apex of femora, tibiae, tarsi,
tegula, first tergite except at base, apical 0.25 (more or less) of second
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 65
tergite, apical 0.3 to 0.6 of third tergite, fourth to seventh tergites
except basally, and male genitalia, yellow; flagellum reddish brown, a
little darker toward apex; front and top faces of front and middle
femora light brown; wings light yellowish brown, the front half of
front wing a little darker.
Specimens: 9, Inverness, Calif., May 28, 1939, E. C. Van Dyke
(San Francisco). 9, Laytonville, Calif., May 30, 1955, E. I. Schlinger
(Townes). 9, Sonoma Co., Calif. (Washington). o&, Gardnerville,
Nev., May 28, 1939, P. C. Ting, M. A. Cazier, J. A. Downes, and T.
Aitken (Townes). «7 (type), Nevada (Philadelphia).
lb. Metopius (Metopius) robustus mirandus Cresson, new status
FicurE 183,b
Metopius mirandus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxix;
Q. Type: 9, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Metopius grandior Viereck, 1905, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 19, p. 314; 9
(new synonymy). Type: ?, Hamilton Co., Kans., 3,350 ft. (Lawrence).
Male: Black. Face, interantennal process, side of frons, scape,
pedicel, more or less of cheek, more or less of basal margin of labrum,
sometimes spot on base of mandible, stripe along upper margin of
pronotum, small area on subtegular ridge, apical 0.35 and laterobasal
part of scutellum, postscutellum, very small spot on mesopleurum next
to middle coxa, larger spot on hind part of metapleurum, spot at apex
of second lateral area of propodeum, coxae except basally, trochanters,
narrow base and broader apex of femora, most of outer face of hind
femur, first tergite except at extreme base, narrow apex of second
tergite and broader apex of third tergite, fourth to seventh tergites
except basally and in laterobasal grooves, and genitalia, yellow;
clypeus brownish; flagellum pale reddish brown, darker brown beyond
Ficures 39-41.—Localities, subspecies of Metopius (Metopius) robustus: 39 (left), concinnus;
40 (center), mirandus; 41 (right), robustus.
66 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
the middle; palpi yellowish fulvous; thorax rufous except where
described as yellow, and black as follows: median stripe on meso-
scutum (broadened anteriorly and abbreviated posteriorly), pro-
pleurum laterally, posteroventral part of pronotum, prepectus except
above, mesosternum except next to sternaulus, lower and hind parts
of mesopleurum, front third and lateral faces of scutellum, front part
of metapleurum except for an area in upper front corner, hind margin
of metapleurum, and base of propodeum; tegula rufous; legs fulvous
(except where described as yellow), the front and middle tibiae and
tarsi largely yellowish and hind face of hind femur brownish; wings
pale brown, the front half of front wing darker brown; second and
third tergites rufous, basally black and apically yellow.
Female: Black. Face except for median vertical elliptical area,
interantennal process, side of frons, scape, spot on subtegular ridge,
apical 0.35 of scutellum, spot on laterobasal part of scutellum,
postscutelium, central area of metapleurum, indistinct small spot at
apex of second lateral area of propodeum, apex of coxae, upper side
of hind coxa, most of middle and hind trochanters, apex and extreme
base of femora, tinge at base of tibiae, first tergite except basally,
small apical lateral and apical median spots on third tergite, and
tergites four to six except for their basal 0.3 and basolateral area,
yellow; scape and flagellum red-brown, the flagellum darker beyond
the middle; palpi, upper part of pronotum, tegula, upper anterior
part of mesopleurum, lateral margin of mesoscutum, a median pair
of narrow stripes on hind part of mesoscutum (these are united by
a cross bar in front of scutellum), lateroapical part of propodeum,
base of first tergite, apical 0.7 of second tergite, and apical 0.65 of
third tergite except for its apical yellow spots, rufous; legs ferruginous
except where described as yellow, the hind coxa black basally behind,
the hind femur black behind, and the hind tibia infuscate at apex;
wings pale brown, the front half of front wing darker brown.
Specimens: 9, Denver, Colo., June 11, 1948, H., M., G., and D.
Townes (Townes). @ (type of mirandus), Colorado (Philadelphia).
o', Colorado (Washington). @ (type of grandior), Hamilton Co.
at 3,350 ft., Kans., June 1902, F. H. Snow (Lawrence).
Ic. Metopius (Metopius) robustus robustus Cresson
FicurE 183,c¢
Metopius robustus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxvii;
@. Type: 92, Maryland (Philadelphia).
Metopius harbecki Skinner, 1906, Ent. News, vol. 17, p. 150; [@] (new synonymy).
Type: co, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia).
Black. Face except for median vertical elliptical area, inter-
antennal process, basolateral part of frons, sometimes narrow stripe
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 67
along upper margin of pronotum, scutellum except for more or less
of its median basal part, postscutellum, sometimes spot on subtegular
ridge, rarely a spot on mesopleurum beneath front end of subtegular
ridge, sometimes small spots on meso- and metapleura next to middle
coxa, sometimes median spot or area on metapleurum, sometimes
spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, sometimes apex of
front trochanter of male, apex of middle trochanter of male, apex of
middle coxa, apex and more or less of upper front part of hind coxa,
hind trochanters, very small spot on apex of middle femur in front,
spot at apex of hind femur in front, first tergite except at base, rarely
apex of second tergite, apical 0.1 to 0.3 of third tergite, and apical
0.2 to 0.3 of fourth tergite, white; wings blackish, the front half of
front wing a little darker; male genitalia pale brown.
The type of M. robustus is very extensively marked with white.
A female from Sewanee, Tenn., has the white markings almost as
extensive as in the type of M. robustus. ‘The rest of the specimens
have less white and correspond rather closely with the type of M.
harbecki.
Specimens: o', Washington, D. C., June 24, 1948, M. Vogel
(Townes). o, D. C., June 27, 1920, J. C. Bridwell (Washington).
o&', Washington, D. C., September 29, F. Knab (Washington). 9,
Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 3, 1942, V. Nabokov (Cambridge). @ (type of
robustus), Maryland (Philadelphia). 9, Overland, Mo., Aug. 2,
1934, B. H. Pickel (Townes). o, New Rochelle, N. Y., July 10,
1935, M. A. Cazier (New York). 9, Green Village, N. J., Dec. 2,
1930, Chas. Rummel (Washington). 9, Moorestown, N. J., June 27,
1939, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Passaic Junction, N. J.,
Sept. 29, 1935, M. A. Cazier (New York). 9, Raleigh, N. C., early
October 1917, J. E. Eckert (Washington). <o, Zaleski, Ohio, June
16, 1939, R. C. Barnes (St. Paul). o, Gladwyn, Pa., June 27, 1934,
M. A. Cazier (New York). o& (type of harbecki), Germantown,
Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 25, 1904, H. S. Harbeck (Philadelphia).
9, Kennett Square, Pa., July 7, 1917, J. Prim (Washington). 0,
Swarthmore, Pa., Aug. 28, 1905 (Philadelphia). 9, Sewanee, Tenn.,
Aug. 22, 1929, A. G. Richards (Ithaca). 9, “Veitch,” Virginia,
June 11, 1919, L. A. Stearns (Cambridge). According to our field
notes, the specimen from Moorestown, N. J., appeared in flight like
a slender Monobia quadridens (Vespidae) except for having a white
band at the tip of the abdomen.
This subspecies occurs in the Carolinian fauna. Adults have been
collected from June 11 to early October, and there is one record for
December 2.
68 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
2. Metopius (Metopius) mimicus, new species
Ficures 167,a; 183,d
Front wing 7 to 11 mm. long; punctures on facial shield rather
small, of irregular size, and strong, their interspaces about 0.5 their
diameters; lower tooth of mandible present as a small separated
projection; punctures on mesopleurum rather small, strong, their
interspaces about 0.6 their diameters; punctures on metapleurum
moderately coarse, strong, subadjacent; first tergite about 0.70 as
long as wide, in profile strongly rounded above, about 1.55 as long
as high; third tergite about 0.90 as long as wide; seventh tergite of
male and sixth tergite of female with a blunt median apical angle
which is moderately raised.
Black. Face except for a median vertically elliptical area, inter-
antennal process, side of frons, scape beneath, palpi, small tinge on
upper margin of pronotum, spot on subtegular ridge, apical 0.2 to 0.3
and extreme basolateral corner of scutellum, postscutellum, usually
apex of coxae, most of trochanters, extreme base and broader apex
of femora, most of front and upper sides of fore and middle tibiae,
most of hind tibia, most of apical 0.7 of first tergite, apicolateral
corners of second tergite, apical 0.3 of third tergite, fourth to seventh
tergites except base and basolateral grooves of fourth and fifth
tergites, and male genitalia, yellow; antenna fulvous, shaded to
blackish beyond basal third; median elliptical mark on facial shield
black to fulvous; upper margin of pronotum, upper anterior part of
mesopleurum, tegula, longitudinal stripe below sternaulus, spot on
metapleurum, often a pair of longitudinal stripes or a median apical
spot on mesoscutum, more or less of scutellum, spot at apex of second
lateral area of propodeum, areas or tinges on first tergite, apical 0.65
to 0.75 of second tergite (except for yellow apical spots), and third
tergite from basal 0.3+ to apical 0.3+, rufous; front and middle legs
fulvous except where described as yellow; hind coxa apically and
above largely ferruginous; hind femur ferruginous except where
described as yellow, and blackish on hind side; hind tibia fulvous and
yellowish, infuscate apically on hind side; hind tarsus pale brown;
wings light yellowish brown, the front half of front wing darker brown.
Type: 9, near YMCA Camp, Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz.,
May 8, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63613).
Paratypes: 40, 19, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 18, 1947, H. and
M. Townes (Townes). 26, Pocket Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May
5, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 207, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., June
16, 1927 (Washington). 90<, 49, near YMCA Camp, Workman
Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., April 28 and 30, 1947, and May 6 and 8,
1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 69
The specimens collected at Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz.,
were taken between 9:00 and 11:00 a. m., flying around various shrubs
and trees. The females, at least, were a little more frequent around
oak, which was leafing out at that time. On the wing this Metopius
looked almost exactly like a species of Huwmenes (Vespidae) which
was also common at that time and place.
This species has been taken in the Upper Sonoran fauna of Arizona
in spring.
3. Metopius (Metepius) krombeini, new species
Front wing 6 to 8 mm. long; punctures on facial shield rather small,
strong, of irregular size, their interspaces about 0.5 their diameter;
punctures on mesopleurum and on metapleurum coarse, very strong,
subadjacent; first tergite about 0.70 as long as wide, in profile very
strongly rounded above, about 1.4 as long as high; third tergite about
0.75 as long as wide; apicolateral angles of second tergite a little acute,
stronger than in other Nearctic species of the subgenus; seventh ter-
gite of male and sixth tergite of female with a blunt median apical angle
that is strongly raised.
Ficures 42-44.—Localities, species of Metopius (Metopius): 42 (left), mimicus; 43 (center),
krombeini epixanthus; 44 (right), krombeini krombeinti.
This is the smallest Nearctic species of the subgenus and is further
distinguished by the short abdomen, with coarse, strong punctation.
There are two subspecies, as described below:
1. Apical 0.6 to 0.85 of fourth and fifth tergites yellow (fig. 183,e); range: Texas,
Colorado, and Arizona. . . . 3a. krombeini epixanthus, new subspecies
Apical 0.2 to 0.3 of fourth and fifth tergites yellow (fig. 183,f); range: Alle-
ghenian and Carolinian faunas. . 3b. krombeini krombeini, new subspecies
70 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
3a. Metopius (Metopius) krombeini epixanthus, new subspecies
Figure 183,e
Black. Face except for a small median subdorsal spot, interantennal
process, side of frons, scape except above, under side of pedicel, palpi,
stripe along upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, vertical
stripe under front end of subtegular ridge, often a small spot on
mesopleurum next to middle coxa, most of metapleurum, apical 0.3
and basolateral part of scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of sec-
ond lateral area of propodeum, front and middle legs except for base
of coxae, femora except apically, under side of tibiae toward apex,
under side and stripe on top front edge of hind coxa, hind trochanters,
apex of hind femur, extreme base of hind tibia, first tergite except basally,
apical 0.25 of second tergite, apical 0.35 to 0.8 of third tergite, apical
0.6 to 0.85 of fourth to sixth tergites, apical 0.8 of seventh tergite of
male, and male genitalia, yellow; cheek and clypeus black to fulvous
or yellow; antenna pale reddish brown basally, shading to dark brown
apically; tegula brown; front and middle legs fulvous except where
described as yellow; hind coxa and hind femur ferruginous to black
except where described as yellow; hind tibia yellowish basally, shading
to fuscous or brown apically; hind tarsus brown; wings tinged with
brown, the front half of front wing medium brown; thorax and basal
three abdominal tergites usually more or less fulvous where not
described as yellow, the fulvous area of variable extent.
Type: 2, Boulder, Colo., June 28, 1933, M. and H. James (Wash-
ington, USNM 63614).
Paratypes: o, Prescott, Ariz., July 6, 1937, D. J. and J. N. Knull
(Townes). 9, 6 miles north of Boulder, Colo., June 22, 1933 (Townes).
9, Eastland Co., Tex., May 10, 1921, Grace O. Wiley (St. Paul). ,
Leon Creek, Bexar Co., Tex., Oct. 11, 1952, B. J. Adelson (Berkeley).
The specimen from Leon Creek is somewhat intermediate to the sub-
species krombeint.
This subspecies has been taken in Colorado, Texas, and Arizona.
3b. Metopius (Metopius) krombeini krombeini, new subspecies
Figure 183,f
Black. Face except often for small median subdorsal spot, in-
terantennal process, side of frons, sometimes cheek and lateral corner
of clypeus, palpi, narrow stripe along front edge of pronotum, sub-
tegular ridge, usually narrow vertical stripe below front end of sub-
tegular ridge, sometimes small spot on mesopleurum near middle
coxa, large area on metapleurum, apex and basolateral corner of
scutellum, spot on postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area
of propodeum, apex of front and middle coxae, front and middle
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE te
trochanters, apex and extreme base of front and middle femora, base
and dorsobasal half of front and middle tibiae, apical spot on hind
coxa beneath, hind trochanters except for base of hind first trochanter,
extreme base of hind femur and of hind tibia, apex of hind femur,
apical 0.65 to 0.75 of first tergite, lateroapical corner of second tergite,
apical 0.25-+ of third and fourth tergites, apical 0.2 of fifth tergite,
apical margin of sixth tergite of male, and most of male genitalia,
yellow; antenna light brown basally, shadmg to blackish toward
middle, blackish beyond middle; front and middle legs fulvous, or
their coxae and femora fulvous to blackish, except where described as
yellow; hind coxa ferruginous to blackish except for its apical yellow
spot; hind tibia and tarsus brown to black; wings tinged with brown,
the front half of front wing medium brown.
Type: 9, Takoma Park, Md., July 11, 1942, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63615).
Paratypes: 220, 109, from Arkansas; Georgia (Tallulah Falls) ;
Maryland (Plummers Island and Takoma Park); Michigan (Douglas
Lake and Whitefish Point in Chippewa Co.); New Jersey (Moores-
town, Westfield, and Westville); New York (Farmingdale, Roslyn,
and Sea Cliff); Oklahoma (Chickasha); Virginia (Dunn Loring and
Westmoreland State Park in Westmoreland Co.); and Wisconsin
(“Cranmoor’’).
Males have been taken from June 15 to July 17 and females from
June 20 to July 22, with a single female in “‘August”’ from Douglas
Lake, Mich. This seasonal distribution indicates a single generation
per year. We ourselves have collected the subspecies on 10 different
dates, always among sunlit scrubby oaks. The species in flight looks
like a slender Ancistrocerus or similar small eumenine wasp. One of
our specimens was collected resting under a leaf of Rhus toxicodendron.
A male, collected at Takoma Park, Md., on July 2, 1944, was found
in woods, flying about foliage in the manner of a male Lxochus, about
three meters from the ground.
This subspecies occurs among sunlit scrubby oaks in the Carolinian
fauna. It is on the wing from mid-June to late July. The name is
in honor of K. V. Krombein, who collected a number of the paratypes.
4. Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus Cresson
Front wing 9 to 11 mm. long; lower tooth of mandible lacking
entirely; punctures on facial shield rather small, strong, and of irreg-
ular size, their interspaces about 0.4 their diameters; punctures on
mesopleurum coarse, very strong, subadjacent; punctation of meta-
pleurum similar to that of mesopleurum but a little coarser; first
tergite about 0.78 as long as wide, in profile strongly rounded above,
451582596
i U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
about 1.45 as long as high; third tergite about 0.83 as long as wide;
seventh tergite of male and sixth tergite of female with a blunt median
apical angle which is moderately raised.
This is a species of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona,
with three subspecies differentiated by the amount of ferruginous in
the ground color.
Key to the subspecies of Metopius pulchellus
1. Thorax ferruginous and yellow, range: Colorado and Wyoming.
4c. pulchellus pulchellus Cresson
Thorax black and yellow, sometimes with a little ferruginous ...... 2D,
. Apical 0.25+ of third tergite yellow (fig. 183,¢), range: Utah and Arizona.
4a. pulchellus montanus Cresson
Apical 0.5+ of third tergite yellow (fig. 183,h), range: New Mexico and
TUAW Pe ey ast) cane wale ney i 4b. pulchellus sonora, new subspecie
bo
4a. Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus montanus Cresson, new status
FicurE 183,g
Metopius montanus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc p. xxviii;
o. Type: o', Colorado (Philadelphia).
Black. Face except for a large (male) or small (female) median
vertical elliptical spot, interantennal process, lower lateral part of
frons, front of scape, palpi, narrow stripe along upper margin of
pronotum (this stripe sometimes ferruginous), subtegular ridge, usu-
ally a vertical oval spot beneath front end of subtegular ridge, some-
times most of tegula, sometimes small spot on mesopleurum next to
middle coxa, usually a large spot on metapleurum, apex and baso-
lateral corner of scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of second
lateral area of propodeum, apex of coxae, trochanters except on under
side of front and middle trochanters and base of hind first trochanter,
apex and extreme base of femora, more or less of front side of fore and
middle femora, upper part of front and middle tibiae, more or less of
hind tibia basally, dorsally, and on front side, apical 0.7 of first tergite,
lateroapical corner of second tergite, apical 0.2 of third tergite, fourth
to seventh tergites except basally, and male genitalia, yellow; antenna
reddish brown basally; front and middle legs blackish to fulvous
except where described as yellow, beyond their femora only fulvous
and yellow; hind coxa sometimes partly fulvous; hind tibia and tarsus
brown except as described yellow; tegula brown, with or without a
yellow spot; wings tinged with brown, the front half of front wing
medium brown.
Specimens: o’, 9, near Alpine, Ariz., May 29, 1947, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). <o (type), Colorado (Philadelphia). 9, Logan
Canyon, Utah, July 24, 1906 (Ithaca).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE io
4b. Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus sonora, new subspecies
Fiaure 183,h
Black. Face except for subdorsal small spot or median vertical oval
area, interantennal process, side of frons, under side of scape and
pedicel, sometimes part of clypeus and mandible, palpi, narrow stripe
along upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, vertical oval spot
spot below front end of subtegular ridge (sometimes connected with
mark on subtegular ridge), longitudinal stripe on mesosternum next
to sternaulus or a small spot on mesopleurum near middle coxa, most
of metapleurum, apical 0.3 of scutellum and its basolateral corner,
postscutellum, coxae apically, trochanters except under side of front
and middle trochanters and base of hind first trochanter, apex and
extreme base of femora, sometimes apical half of hind femur in front,
most of front side of fore and middle femora, upper part of front and
middle tibiae, base (or base, upper, and front parts of hind tibia
except towards apex), basal 0.7 of first tergite, apicolateral spot on
second tergite, apical 0.5+ of third tergite, fourth and following
Ficures 45-47.—Localities, subspecies of Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus: 45 (left), mon-
tanus; 46 (center), sonora; 47 (right), pulchellus.
tergites except at base, and male genitalia, yellow; antenna reddish
brown basally; front and middle legs fulvous except where described
as yellow; hind coxa blackish basally behind, the rest ferruginous with
the apex more or less yellow; hind femur blackish behind, elsewhere
blackish to ferruginous except where described as yellow; hind tibia
ferruginous, except where described as yellow, infuscate apically,
especially on inner side; hind tarsus brown; second tergite rufous,
black at base and with a lateroapical yellow spot; third tergite
with a rufous tinge between its black base and yellow apex; tegula
ferruginous, with or without a yellow spot; propleurum medially, and
areas surrounding some of yellow markings on thorax, especially on
74 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
mesopleurum, ferruginous; wings tinged with brown, the front half of
front wing medium brown.
Type: 9, Williams, Ariz., May 28, Barber and Schwarz (Washing-
ton, USNM 63616).
Paratype: o, campus of University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,
N. Mex., May 12, 1950, “‘C. C. H.’’ (Dreisbach).
4c. Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus pulchellus Cresson
FicureE 184,a
Metopius pulchellus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 271;
@. Type: 2, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Similar to the subspecies M. pulchellus sonora except that the ground
color is ferruginous rather than black. Black occurs only on the
occiput (sometimes), as a median anterior spot on mesoscutum, on
base of third and following tergites, and as infuscation on upper hind
part of mesopleurum, in sternaulus, and in areas near the scutellum.
Specimens: 9, “Clear Creek,’’ Colo., May 22 (Washington). Q,
Colorado, C. F. Baker (Townes). @ (type), Colorado (Philadelphia).
9, Wheatland, Wyo., July 14, 1937, H. T. Peters (Lawrence). a’, ‘‘on
Populus,” T. D. A. Cockerell (Washington). 9, no locality, collected
by Belfrage (Washington). 29, no data (Washington).
5. Metopius (Mectopius) galbaneus, new species
Ficure 184,b
Front wing 9 to 10.5 mm. long; lower tooth of mandible lacking
entirely; punctures of facial shield small, sharp, and of irregular size,
their interspaces about 0.5 their diameters; punctures on mesopleurum
rather small, strong, their mterspaces about 0.5 their diameters;
punctures on metapleurum coarse, not sharp, subconfluent with weak
coarse wrinkling; first tergite about 0.77 as long as wide, in profile
strongly rounded above, about 1.5 as long as high; third tergite about
0.87 as long as wide; seventh tergite of male and sixth tergite of female
with a weak, blunt median apical angle which is weakly raised.
Black. Face except for median vertical elliptical area or one or two
median spots, interantennal process, side of frons, usually a mark at
lateral corner of clypeus, usually scape and pedicel beneath,usually
side of labrum, sometimes spot at base of mandible, palpi, stripe along
upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, vertical oval area on
mesopleurum below front end of subtegular ridge, small spot on
mesopleurum near middle coxa or rarely a stripe on mesosternum
next to sternaulaus, large spot on metapleurum, usually part or all of
tegula, apical half of scutellum, sometimes laterobasal corner of
scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area of propo-
deum, apical 0.2 to 0.8 of front and middle coxae, usually apical ventral
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 75
and dorsal spots on hind coxa, trochanters except for base of first hind
trochanter, usually front of front femur, sometimes front of middle
femur, base and broader apex of all femora, front and middle tibiae
and tarsi, hind tibia except for hind face which is brown (broader
apically) and usually a brown subapical mark on front face, apical
0.8 of first tergite, second and following tergites apically and laterally,
and male genitalia, yellow; flagellum basally brown beneath; hind
tarsus light brown, the basitarsus largely yellowish; wings tinged with
brown, the front half of front wing darker. The yellow on abdominal
tergites 2 to 7 includes the apical 0.2 to 0.45 and the sides (narrowly
to broadly) except for the basal lateral oblique impressions, which are
black. The basocentral black area on the tergites varies from a
rectangular shape with somewhat concave sides (usually in males) to
a U-shaped or V-shaped area, in all cases making a pattern unique
among the Nearctic species of Metopius, but somewhat like that in
M. errantius californicus.
A single male from Indian Flat, Mariposa Co., Calif., has the yellow
markings unusually extensive, including all of the front and middle
legs except for the extreme base of coxae and entire front face of hind
femur.
Type: 9, 4 miles west of Quincy, Calif., June 22, 1949, A. S. Deal
(Washington, USNM 63617).
Paratypes: 127, 219, from California (Arroyo Seco Camp in Mon-
terey Co., Blocksburg, Carrville at 2,400 to 2,500 ft., Comanche
Creek Canyon in Yolo Co., Dunsmuir, Fort Seward, Herkey Creek
in the San Jacinto Mts., Indian Flat in Mariposa Co., Keen Camp
in the San Jacinto Mts., Lower Lake in Lake Co., 4 miles west of
Quincy, Samuel Spring in Napa Co., Sierraville, near Stanford
Ficures 48, 49.—Localities: 48 (left), Metopius (Metopius) galbaneus; 49 (right), M. (M.)
vittatus.
76 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
University, Tallac at Lake Tahoe, Tanbark Flat in Mariposa Co.,
Weaverville, and 3 miles west of Westgard Pass in Inyo Co.) and
Oregon (Kane Creek 5 miles west of Gold Hill at 2,000 ft.).
Collecting dates are from May 10 to July 4.
There are two flower records: on Astragalus 3 miles west of West-
gard Pass, Inyo County, Calif.;and on Hriodictyon at Keen Camp in
the San Jacinto Mts., Calif.
This species is in the Upper Sonoran fauna of California and Oregon.
Adults occur in early summer.
6. Metopius (Metopius) vittatus, new species
Fiaure 184,c
Front wing 8.3 to 9 mm. long; upper edge of facial shield somewhat
protuberant so that the facial shield is distinctly concave in profile
(facial shield less concave or flat in other Nearctic species of the sub-
genus); punctures on facial shield small, sharp, and of irregular size,
their interspaces about 0.3 their diameters; lower tooth of mandible
lacking entirely; punctures on mesopleurum rather small, sharp,
their interspaces about 0.5 their diameter; punctures on metapleurum
rather coarse, moderately sharp, their interspaces about 0.4 their
diameters; first tergite about 0.70 as long as wide, in profile very
strongly rounded, about 1.35 as long as high; third tergite about 0.73
as long as wide; seventh tergite of male and sixth tergite of female
with a weak, blunt, median apical angle which is weakly raised.
Black. Face except for median vertical elliptical area or sometimes
a small median spot, interantennal process, side of frons, scape
beneath, often pedicel beneath, often part of free margin of labrum,
palpi, stripe along upper margin of pronotum, usually part and some-
times all of tegula, subtegular ridge, vertical elliptical to rectangular
spot beneath subtegular ridge, small spot on mesopleurum near
middle coxa, sometimes stripe on mesosternum next sternaulus,
large area on metapleurum, apical half of scutellum and its basolateral
corners, postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area of pro-
podeum, apical 0.2 to 0.8 of front and middle coxae, apical spot on hind
coxa beneath, trochanters except for hind basal part of first hind
trochanter, narrow base and broad apex of femora, usually more or
less of front and middle femora in front, front and middle tibiae and
tarsi, hind tibia except for brown mark behind (broadened apically),
all but base of first tergite, apical 0.25 to 0.75 of second and following
tergites, and male genitalia, yellow; flagellum basally brown beneath;
wings tinged with brown, the front half of front wing darker.
Type: 9, 10 miles west of Jacob Lake, Ariz., June 6, 1946, R. M.
Bohart (Washington, USNM 63618).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE ad
Paratypes: 36’, Grand Canyon at 7,000 ft., Ariz., June 5, 1940,
R. M. Bohart (Townes). o, 9, same data as type (Townes). 9,
Osoyoos, B. C., May 28, 1938, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). o, Lone
Pine, Calif., June 14, 1937, N. W. Frazier (Berkeley). 9, 5 miles south
of Meyers, Calif., July 24, 1955, J. C. Downey (Davis). #, Valyermo,
Calif., Apr. 21, 1940, R. M. Bohart (Townes). , Frenchglen,
Oreg., July 6, 1935, Stanley Jewett, Jr. (Townes). 9, Vernon, Utah,
June 8, 1943, G. F. Knowlton and P. E. Telford (Berkeley).
This species ranges from British Columbia to northern Arizona.
Adults occur in early summer.
3. Subgenus Cultrarius
FicureEs 168,a,b
Cultrarius Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 197. Type: Metopius
rileyi Marlatt; monobasic.
Facial shield escutcheon-shaped, its upper edge arcuate, its lower
side usually broadly rounded and without a basal point; disc of facial
shield sometimes with a longitudinal carina; interantennal process
compressed and forming or surmounted by a median longitudinal
ridge, continuous dorsally with a sharply compressed tubercle in
middle of frons; clypeus broad, its margin almost straight, distinctly
reflexed and elevated away from base of Jabrum; lower tooth of
mandible entirely absent; galea and glossa often elongate (anthophi-
lous); temple strongly convex; occipital carina rather distant from
foramen magnum, strong above but fading out just above level of
center of foramen magnum; prepectal carina, if complete above,
angled strongly forward just above sternaulus almost to reach front
edge of mesopleurum, then paralleling front edge of mesopleurum to
near subtegular ridge; second recurrent vein with one bulla, or rarely
with two; hind femur about three times as long as deep; claws on
front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3 to 0.65, or pectinate
throughout; first tergite in profile low, rounded or weakly angled at
the juncture of its dorsal and basodorsal faces; male clasper convex,
without a lateral ridge.
All the known species of this subgenus are Nearctic.
Key to the species of the subgenus Cultrarius
1. Claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate to the apical point; galea short,
not projecting; spring and early summer species. . . . Tian: Se
Claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0. 25 to 0.7, not
pectinate to the apical point; galea cangsin (0.6 to 1.0 as long as mandible),
projecting; autumnal species. . . Sapte dice oe oe
2. Facial shield with a median ioneticinal carina; Tibsedeateos wiih an antero-
lateral yellow spot. ........ . . . 3 scapulatus, new species
Facial shield without a median longitudinal carina; mesoscutum entirely black. 3
78 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
3. Hind tibia brownish ferruginous, paler basally; facial shield very broadly
rounded below, without a trace of a basal point . . 1. comptus Cresson
Hind tibia bright yellow, its apical 0.35 blackish; facial shield narrowly
rounded and a little pointed below... . . . 2. scitulus Cresson
4. Facial shield without a median longitudinal carina a (fig. 168,b) . JS 25
Facial shield with a median longitudinal carina (fig. 168a)....... 8
5. Claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.65; glossa not pro-
truding beyond galea; hind femur about 3.2 as long as deep.
4. xanthostigma Ashmead
Claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3 to 0.4; glossa
protruding beyond galea; hind femur about 2.7 as long as deep. . . . 6
6. Prepectal carina complete, extending dorsally to near subtegular ridge; dorso-
basal face of first abdominal tergite normal, about 0.7 to 1.0 as long as
dorsal face; ovipositor about 1.4 as long as apical depth of abdomen.
5. consector, new species
Prepectal carina incomplete, extending dorsally to just above sternaulus;
dorsobasal face of first abdominal segment extending most of the length
of the segment, the dorsal face obliterated or only about 0.3 as long as
basal face (fig. 168,b); ovipositor about 1.8 to 3.5 as long as apical depth
of abdomen. . . Bae eee. od
7. Apicolateral corner of Bentclana eke rodueod! nee blunt; second ter-
gite black, with the apicolateral corners yellow (fig. 185,b); upper margin
of pronotum with a yellow stripe; ovipositor about 1.8 as long as apical
depth of abdomen .. . . .. . . 10. secundus, new species
Apicolateral corner of Ecueotien diane produced (though not so strongly
as in most other species of the genus), acute; second tergite black, with
the apical margin yellow; upper margin of pronotum without a yellow
stripe; ovipositor about 3.5 as long as apical depth of abdomen.
11. rileyi Marlatt
8. Metapleurum almost impunctate; mesopleurum with a large yellowish spot.
9. birkmani Brues
Metapleurum with coarse, scattered punctures; mesopleurum entirely black
or with rather small yellow spot just below the wing. .......9
9. Second tergite with its apical 0.5 HeSee ea about 1.7 as long as wide;
prepectal carina weak above... . . . . . 6. rufipes Cresson
Second tergite with its apicolateral corners wits (fig. 184,h); galea about
2.2 as long as wide; prepectal carina strong above. ........ 10
10. Facial shield about 1.6 as high as wide, its median carina rather indistinct;
subtegular ridge eae mesosternum with a yellow stripe next to ster-
mals; Qyh . ... . 7% peetoralis, new species
Facial shield Aboae i 3 as ens as a its median carina strong and sharp;
subtegular ridge and mesosternum entirely black . . 8. ultimatus Davis
1. Metopius (Cultrarius) comptus Cresson, new combination
Figure 184,d
Metopius comptus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxviii; ? .
Type: 9, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Metopius laticinctus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxix; 9.
Type: 9, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Front wing 8.5 to 9.0 mm. long; facial shield about 1.1 as high as
wide, without a median longitudinal carina, with coarse punctures
interspersed with smaller punctures, the punctures rather close; wider
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 79
segments of flagellum about 2.2 as wide as long; galea short, broadly
rounded, with moderately dense setae; glossa short, broad; second
segment of maxillary palpus pyriform, a little flattened, weakly
swollen in male and strongly swollen in female; mesopleurum with
very coarse punctures, the interspaces about 0.7 the punctural diam-
eter; metapleurum with very coarse punctures, the interspaces about
0.8 the punctural diameter; prepectal carina complete; areolet about
2.0 as wide as length of second recurrent vein; claws of front and
middle tarsi pectinate throughout.
a hh wa
%
Ficure 50.—Localities for
Metopius (Cultrarius) comptus.
Black, the pleura, propodeum, legs, and abdomen except apically,
more or less piceous or dark ferruginous. Face except for median
longitudinal area on facial shield, interantennal process, side of frons,
underside of scape, labrum except mediobasally, palpi of male, broad
mark along upper edge of pronotum, subtegular ridge and sometimes
an adjacent part of mesopleurum below it, often a spot above middle
coxa, most of metapleurum, scutellum except basally, spot at apex of
area dentipara, apical part of front and middle coxa above and in
front, much of hind coxa above, first trochanters except below and
basally, second trochanters, extreme bases of femora, apices of front
and middle femora, front and middle tibiae and tarsi, large apicolateral
spot on first and second tergites (those of the second tergite often
connected to form a tranverse band), apical 0.5 to 0.8 of third tergite,
apical 0.3 to 0.6 of fourth tergite (extending forward a little sublat-
erally), apical 0.2 to 0.3 of fifth tergite (widened laterally), apical
0.15 to 0.2 of sixth tergite (usually with a sublateral forward projec-
tion), and male genitalia, yellow; female palpi more or less yellowish
brown; antenna ferruginous except for yellow on under side of scape,
somewhat darker above and apically; legs, especially the front and
middle legs, tending towards ferruginous or brownish ferruginous
where not colored yellow; wings tinged with brown.
80 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Specimens: 9, Denver, Colo., June 11, 1948, H., M., G., and D.
Townes (Townes). 9°, El Paso Co., Colo., July 7, 1921, Grace O.
Wiley (St. Paul). o, 39 (including types of comptus and laticinctus),
Colorado (Philadelphia). 9 Hamilton, Ga., May 16, 1936, P. W.
Fattig (Washington). 9, Lula, Ga., May 30, 1937, P. W. Fattig
(Washington). , “Clover,” S. Dak., June 18, 1929, H. C. Severin
(Townes).
This species has been collected in Georgia, South Dakota, and
eastern Colorado. Adults occur in late spring and early summer.
2. Metopius (Cultrarius) scitulus Cresson, new combination
Metopius scitulus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxix; o’.
Type: o, Nevada (Philadelphia).
Male type: Front wing 7 mm. long; facial shield about 1.16 as high
as wide, without a median carina, with coarse punctures interspersed
with smaller punctures, the interspaces of the larger punctures about
0.6 their diameter; lower edge of facial shield more sharply rounded
than usual for the subgenus; wider segments of flagellum about 2.1 as
wide as long; galea short, broadly rounded, with moderately dense
setae; glossa short (not visible in the specimen at hand); second seg-
ment of maxillary palpus pyriform, a little flattened and weakly
swollen; mesopleurum with very coarse punctures, the inserspaces
about 1.0 the punctural diameter; metapleurum with very coarse
punctures, the interspaces about 1.5 the punctural diameter; prepectal
carina complete; areolet about 2.0 as wide as length of second recurrent
vein; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate throughout.
Black. Broad lateral and ventral margins of facial shield, space
between facial shield and eye, interantennal process, clypeus except
for a mediobasal area, second segment of maxillary palpus, scape and
pedicel beneath, broad stripe on upper margin of pronotum, small spot
on tegula, vertically rectangular area on mesopleurum below wing,
small elongate mark on mesopleurum near middle coxa, most of meta-
pleurum, scutellum except at base, small spot at apex of area dentipara,
large apicolateral spot on first tergite, front and middle coxae apically
and on apical half in front, apical 0.25 to 0.35 of second through
sixth tergites medially and increased to apical 0.6 to 0.8 sublaterally,
apical 0.3 of seventh tergite, most of under part of first through fifth
abdominal segments, apical 0.2 to 0.3 of sixth and seventh sternites,
and genitalia, yellow; legs beyond coxae yellow, marked with blackish
as follows: hind femur except on base, apex, and in front; middle
femur except on base and apex; front femur except on apex; and hind
tibia on its apex, the extent of the blackish apex of hind tibia grading
from the apical 0.4 below to the apical 0.12 above; palpi, except for
second segment of maxillary palpus, yellowish brown; wings sub-
hyaline, tinged with brown; tarsi, especially the hind tarsus, tinged
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Si
with brown apically; flagellum fulvous, shaded to fulvous brown
apically.
Specimen: & (type), Nevada (Philadelphia).
3. Metopius (Cultrarius) scapulatus, new species
Figure 184,e
Male type: front wing 9 mm. long; facial shield about 1.0 as high
as wide, with a median longitudinal carina; wider segments of flagel-
lum about 2.6 as wide as long; second segment of maxillary palpus
about 0.33 as wide as long, not distinctly flattened. Otherwise
structurally similar to MZ. pectinatus.
Black, the basal half of abdomen stained with ferruginous and the
legs and antenna ferruginous, the hind femur, tibia, and tarsus
brownish ferruginous. Face, cheek, clypeus, frons except centrally,
interantennal process, scape and pedicel except above, mouth parts
except apex and margins of mandible, elongate marginal mark on
mesoscutum covering front end of notaulus, broad mark on upper
edge of propleurum, subtegular ridge, vertical oval mark on front of
mesopleurum below subtegular ridge, small spot above middle coxa,
apical 0.65 of metapleurum, tegula except apically, scutellum, baso-
lateral appendage of scutellum, small spot at apex of area dentipara,
front and middle coxae, trochanters, and femora, apical part of first
trochanter of hind leg, front and middle tarsi and their tibiae except
below, apex of hind femur in front and above, irregular apical 0.4 of
first tergite, apical 0.7, 0.8, 0.5, 0.35, and 0.3 of tergites two through
six, respectively, median apical spot on seventh tergite, and gentalia,
yellow; wings tinged with brown. The apical yellow bands on tergites
four through six have a small median and sublateral protrusion.
Type: o', McDade, Tex., Mar. 28, 1935, J. E. Gillaspy (Washing-
ton, USNM 63619).
4
Ficures 51, 52.—Localities: 51 (left), Metopius (Cultrarius) scapulatus; 52 (right), M. (C.)
xanthostigma.
82 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
4. Metopius (Cultrarius) xanthostigma Ashmead, new combination
Figure 184,f
Metopius xanthostigma Ashmead, 1890, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, p. 438;
&. Type: o&, North Carolina (Washington).
Front wing 9.5 to 12 mm. long; facial shield about 1.33 as high as
wide, without a median longitudinal carina, with coarse punctures
separated by about 1.3 their diameter and smaller punctures on the
interspaces; wider segments of flagellum about 2.0 as wide as long;
galea somewhat elongate, with moderately dense setae; glossa short;
second segment of maxillary palpus moderately swollen, a little
flattened, in male about 4 times as long as wide, in female about 3
times as long as wide; punctures on mesopleurum and metapleurum
coarse, those on mesopleurum separated by about 0.7 their diameter,
those on metapleurum separated by about their diameter; prepectal
carina extending a little above sternaulus; areolet about 2.1 as wide as
length of second intercubital vein; claws of front and middle tarsi
pectinate on their basal 0.65.
Black. Face except for a median vertical area in female and some-
times in male, sometimes part of cheek in male, side of frons, in-
terantennal process, labrum of male, sides of labrum of female, second
segment of maxillary palpus, spot on under side of scape and often of
pedicel, wide mark along upper margin of pronotum, broad mark over
subtegular ridge and connected with vertical mark on upper front
part of mesopleurum, apical 0.7+ of scutellum, small mark on baso-
lateral carina of scutellum, small spot above middle coxa, most of
metapleurum, small spot at apex of area dentipara, apex of fore and
middle coxae above and in front, usually dorsal and anterior apical
marks on hind coxa, apical part of first trochanters, second trochanter
of hind leg, apex of front and middle femora (on the front of front
femur extending basad), front and middle tibiae except for brownish
stripe beneath, front and middle tarsi, apex of hind femur, basal 0.4,
apex, and upper side of male hind tibia, basal 0.3 and sometimes
narrow apex of female hind tibia, hind tarsi more or less, apical 0.33,
0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.18, and 0.18 of tergites one through six, respectively,
and male genitalia, yellow; palpi and hind tibia brown (where not
yellow); wings strongly tinged with brown.
Specimens: <7, 29, Takoma Park, Md., Sept. 29, 1945, Oct. 17, 1942,
and Oct. 25, 1944, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Yellow Medicine
Co., Minn., Sept. 15, 1938, C. E. Mickel (St. Paul). o, Blowing
Rock at 4,000 ft., N. C., Sept. 14, 1921, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 9,
Raleigh, N. C., Oct. 2, 1911 (Washington). < (type), North Caro-
lina (Washington). <, Valley City, N. Dak., Aug. 28, 1917, P. W.
Fattig (Washington). 367, 49, Cedar Mountain, N. C., Oct. 4, 1941,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). 69, Greenville, S. C., Oct. 9 and 10,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 83
1941, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 92, Charlottesville, Va., Oct. 25,
1941, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Falls Church, Va., October 11,
N. Banks (Cambridge). 267, 19, Glencarlyn, Va., October 4, N.
Banks (Cambridge). 9, University of Richmond, Va., Oct. 25, 1936,
C. C. Waiton (Washington).
Our collections have always been in overgrown fields, pastures, or
meadows, usually in dry fields containing broomsedge (Andropogon)
and scattered young pine trees, in mid-fall. The specimens were
flying among the tips of the broomsedge, about two feet from the
ground.
This species is in the Carolinian fauna. Adults occur in fall and
seem to be found only in overgrown fields.
5. Metopius (Cultrarius) consector, new species
Figure 184,¢
Front wing 8 to 9 mm. long; facial shield about 1.3 as high as wide,
without a median carina, with coarse punctures of variable size, their
spacing varying from adjacent to a separation of 0.33 the punctural
diameter; wider segments of flagellum about 2.2 as wide as long;
galea and glossa as in M. ultimatus; second segment of maxillary
palpus of male very little enlarged, about 6.0 as long as wide; second
segment of maxillary palpus of female pyriform and a little flattened
and asymmetric, about 1.8 as long as wide; punctures on mesopleurum
and metapleurum coarse, their interspaces about 0.6 the punctural
diameter on mesopleurum and about 1.0 the punctural diameter on
metapleurum; prepectal carina complete; claws of front and middle
tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3 to 0.4.
Black, the front and middle legs light brown to ferruginous, the
hind leg dark brown. Face except for a medium vertical stripe from
near dorsal edge of facial shield to clypeus, interantennal process, side
of frons, under side of scape, second segment of maxillary palpus,
stripe along upper margin of pronotum, apical 0.5 of scutellum (but
usually with a narrow median black line), postscutellum, large spot
on metapleurum, moderate sized spot at apex of second lateral area
of propodeum, usually apices of coxae, longitudinal mark on upper
side of hind coxa, most of trochanters (the rest of trochanters brown-
ish), apices of femora, basal 0.1-+ of tibiae, apical 0.7 of first tergite,
often apicolateral corners of second tergite, often a small median spot
on second tergite, apical 0.33 of third tergite, apical 0.25 of fourth
tergite, apical 0.2+ of fifth tergite, sometimes apical 0.18+ of sixth
tergite, and apical part of male genitalia, yellow; antenna brown,
darker above; front and middle femora fulvous to dark brown; front
and middle tibiae and tarsi fulvous, the tibiae sometimes brownish
below; hind leg dark brown; wings dark brown, the stigma light
brown.
84. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficures 53, 54.—Localities: 53 (left), Metopius (Cultrarius) consector; 54 (right), M. (C.)
rupipes.
Type: o, Columbia, Mo., Sept. 27, 1938, W.S. Craig (Washington
USNM 63620).
Paratypes: o’, ‘‘at sugar,” Fort Collins, Colo., Sept 26, 1894, C.
F. Baker (Washington) 9, Riley Co., Kans., Marlatt (Washington).
3, ‘Reno, western Kans., Oct. 4, Lautz’’ (Cambridge). oo, Olmsted
Co., Minn., C. N. Ainslie (Townes). 9, West Point, Nebr., Septem-
ber 1887 (Philadelphia). o, Nebraska (Washington). 9, Martin,
S. Dak., Sept. 15, 1931, H. C. Severin (Townes). 9, Glencarlyn, Va.,
Oct. 4, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This species ranges from the Atlantic to Colorado, in the upper
Austral zone. Adults occur in fall.
6. Metopius (Cultrarius) rufipes Cresson, new combination
Metopius rufipes Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 270;9.
Type: @, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Female: Front wing 8.5 to 10.3 mm. long; facial shield about 1.2
as high as wide, with a strong median longitudinal carina, with coarse
punctures and scattered smaller punctures on the interspaces, the in-
terspaces about 0.6 the diameter of coarse punctures; wider segments
of flagellum about 3.0 as wide as long; galea elongate, not as long as
in M. ultimatus and many other species of Cultrarius but longer than
in M. zanthostigma, projecting about 0.7 as long as mandible, with
rather few setae, these denser apically and along the edges; glossa
long, projecting beyond galea but a little shorter and stouter than in
M. ultimatus and many other species of the subgenus Cultrarwus;
second segment of maxillary palpus swollen, a little flattened, about
2.0 as long as wide; punctures on mesopleurum and metapleurum
coarse, those on mesopleurum separated by about 0.7 their diameter,
those on metapleurum separated by about 1.5 their diameter; prepectal
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 85
carina weak above sternaulus, extending halfway dorsad from ster-
naulus to subtegular ridge; scutellum a little wider and flatter than
in M. ultimatus; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their
basal 0.65-++ ; abdomen basally unusually broad.
Black, the legs and basal 2 or 3 abdominal segments brownish fer-
ruginous. Face around margins of its shield, interantennal process,
side of frons, palpi, wide stripe along upper edge of pronotum, trans-
versely rectangular spot on mesopleurum below wing, scutellum ex-
cept its basal trough, most of metapleurum, small spot at apex of
second lateral area of propodeum, tinge on upper edge of front and
middle tibiae, and apical 0.7, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.25, and 0.2 of abdominal
tergites one through six, respectively, yellow; antenna brownish
fulvous, the scape and pedicel brown above and flagellum increas-
ingly shaded with brown apically; galea and most of mandible brown;
wings tinged with brown, the apical 0.25 of front wing distinctly
paler and the stigma yellowish.
Specimens: @ (type), Colorado (Philadelphia). 9, West Point,
Nebr., September 1887 (Philadelphia).
7. Metopius (Cultrarius) pectoralis, new species
Male type: Front wing 8 mm. long; facial shield 1.58 as high as
wide, with a weak median longitudinal carina, with very coarse some-
what confluent punctures; wider segments of flagellum about 2.1 as
wide as long; galea elongate, projecting, about 0.8 as long as man-
dible, with very few setae except on the edges; glossa narrow, long,
projecting beyond the galea; second segment of maxillary palpus
swollen, a little flattened, about 2.8 as long as wide; punctures on
mesopleurum and metapleurum coarse, those on mesopleurum sep-
arated by about 0.4 their diameter, those on metapleurum separated
by about 0.7 their diameter; prepectal carina complete; areolet 2.1
as wide as length of second recurrent vein; second recurrent vein
with two narrowly separated bullae (only one bulla in all other
species of the subgenus); claws of middle tarsi pectinate on their
basal 0,4 (front tarsal claws missing in the only specimen at hand).
Black. Face and clypeus except for area around clypeal fovea,
interantennal process, side of face, under side of scape and pedicel,
labrum, first three segments of maxillary palpus, stripe along upper
margin of pronotum, stripe along lateral edge of propleurum, sub-
tegular ridge, short vertical mark near front edge of mesopleurum,
longitudinal stripe just below sternaulus, apical 0.4 of scutellum, small
spot on postscutellum, large spot on metapleurum, small spot at
apex of second lateral area of propodeum, small spot on tegula, apices
of coxae, most of upper side of hind coxa, trochanters, narrow bases
of front and middle femora, broad apices of all femora, front and
86 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
middle tibiae and tarsi, hind tibia dorsobasally for 0.5 its length,
apical 0.8 of first tergite, apicolateral corner and small indefinite
median apical mark on second tergite, apical 0.38, 0.32, 0.3, and 0.25
of tergites three through six, respectively, transverse median apical
spot on seventh tergite, and genitalia except basally, pale yellow;
antenna reddish brown, darker above and its scape and pedicel yellow
beneath; mandible ferruginous, darker apically; labial palpus and last
two segments of maxillary palpus light brown; front femur pale brown,
darker below, yellow narrowly at base and rather broadly at apex;
middle femur brown, yellow narrowly at base and rather broadly at
apex; hind tibia dark brown except where noted as yellow; hind tarsus
dark brown; wing light brown, the stigma pale brown and the third
cubital and discoidal cells paler.
=
Ficures 55, 56.—Localities: 55 (left), Metopius (Cultrarius) pectoralis; 56 (right), M. (C.)
ultimatus.
Type: o, Columbia, Mo., Sept. 28, 1938, W. S. Craig (Washington,
USNM 63621).
A female described by Brues (1907, Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc.,
vol. 5, p. 56) from Fedor, Lee Co., Tex., as the female of Metopius
birkmanit probably belongs to the present species. His specimen is
in the Milwaukee Public Museum.
8. Metepius (Cultrarius) ultimatus Davis, new combination
Fiaures 168,a; 184,h
Metopius ultimatus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 199; &. Type:
@, Illinois (Philadelphia).
Front wing 8.5 to 11 mm. long; facial shield about 1.3 as high as
wide, with a strong median longitudinal carina, with coarse punctures
and scattered smaller punctures on the interspaces, the interspaces
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 87
about 0.6 as great as diameter of coarse punctures; wider segments of
flagellum about 2.6 as wide as long; galea elongate, projecting, about
0.8 as long as mandible, with very few setae except on the edges;
glossa narrow, long, projecting beyond galea; second segment of maxil-
lary palpus swollen, a little flattened, in the male about 3.3 as long as
wide, in the female about 2.0 as long as wide; punctures on meso-
pleurum and metapleurum coarse, those on mesopleurum separated
by about 0.7 their diameter, those on metapleurum separated by
about 1.5 their diameter; prepectal carina complete; areolet about
2.0 as wide as length of second recurrent vein; claws of front and middle
tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3 to 0.4.
Black. Face except for a median longitudinal mark on facial
shield in female, interantennal process, side of frons, spot at side of
clypeus in male, under side of scape and often of pedicel in male, usu-
ally under side of scape in female, labrum of male, second segment of
maxillary palpus, narrow stripe next to upper margin of pronotum,
large apicolateral corner of scutellum, postscutellum, spot covering
most of hind half of metapleurum, spot at apex of area dentipara,
apex of coxae in front, most of hind coxa above, apex of front and
middle trochanters, second trochanter of hind leg and all but base of
its first trochanter, apex of femora, extreme base of front and middle
femora, front and middle tibiae and tarsi except that the tibiae are
brownish below and the tarsi brownish apically, basal 0.2 of hind
tibia and in male sometimes subbasal blotches on hind tibia, apical
0.65 of first tergite, small apicolateral corner of second tergite, apical
0.25 of third tergite, apical 0.2 of fourth tergite (narrowed laterally),
apical 0.2 of fifth tergite (narrowed laterally), apical 0.1+ of sixth
tergite (interrupted medially) of male and sometimes of female, and
male genitalia, white; palpi except for second segment of maxillary
palpus brownish; under side of flagellum tinged with brown; hind
tarsus brown; wings strongly infuscate.
Specimens: o’, southern Illinois, C. Robertson (Washington). ¢&
(type), Illinois (Philadelphia). o, 9, Jay Co., Ind., Sept. 15, 1923,
B. Montgomery (Cambridge). 9, LaFayette, Ind., Sept. 16, 1914
(Washington). o, Douglas Co., Kans., Sept. 29, 1948, R. H. Beamer
(Lawrence). o', Lawrence, Kans., Aug. 31, 1951, A. T. McClay
(Townes). 9, Lawrence, Kans., Sept. 28, 1952, G. Heinrich (Hein-
rich). o, Chalmette, La., C. L. Remington (Cambridge). 9, Col-
umbia, Mo., Sept. 16, 1939, W. S. Craig (Washington). 29, Ozark
Lake, Mo., Sept. 21, 1939, E. C. Van Dyke (San Francisco). 4,
Agricultural College, Miss., October 1895, H. E. Weed (Corvallis).
29, Hattiesburg and near Hattiesburg, Miss., Oct. 6, 1944 and Oct.
10, 1943, C. D. Michener (New York). o, West Point, Nebr.,
451582—59—_7
88 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Sept. 9, 1912, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 2 &,19, Kearney, N. J.,
Aug. 2 and 31, 1933 and Sept. 5, 1933, M. A. Cazier (New York). ,
Moorestown, N. J., Sept. 26, 1924, J. B. Cronin (Washington). 6,
Towaco, N.J., Sept. 3, 1936, M. A. Cazier (New York). 9, Columbus,
Ohio, September, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). &, Franklin Co.,
Ohio, Sept. 3, 1942, R. Strandtmann (Townes). 9, Dallas, Tex.,
Oct. 31, 1987 (Madison). 29, on Aster, Hopkins Co., Tex., Sept. 22,
1939 (Townes). 9, Plano, Tex., October 1907, E. S. Tucker (Wash-
ington). oo’, 29, Victoria, Tex., Oct. 14, 1900, J. D. Mitchell (Wash-
ington). 9, on flowers of Solidago, Bolivar, W. Va., Sept. 25, 1942,
H. Townes (Townes). o, 9, no data (Washington).
This species occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
Adults have been collected on flowers of Solidago and of Aster in
early fall.
9. Metopius (Cultrarius) birkmani Brues, new combination
Fiaure 185,a
Metopius birkmant Brues, 1907, Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 5, p. 56;
o' (2 misdetermined). Lectotype (hereby selected): o&, Lee Co., Tex.,
Oct. 2, 1905 (Milwaukee).
Front wing 7 to 8.5 mm. long; facial shield about 1.4 as high as wide,
with a strong median longitudinal carina, with coarse punctures of
variable size, the interspaces about 0.8 the punctural diameter; wider
segments of flagellum about 2.0 as wide as long; galea and glossa as
in M. ultimatus; second segment of maxillary palpus swollen and
slightly flattened, about 0.3 as long as wide in male, about 1.7 as long
as wide in female; mesopleurum and metapleurum with medium sized
to coarse punctures, the punctures sparse, very sparse, or almost
lacking, particularly on disc of metapleurum; prepectal carina com-
plete; areolet about 2.0 as wide as length of second recurrent vein;
claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3 to 0.5.
Black, the black on the body and legs, especially on the legs, often
tinged with or replaced by ferruginous. Face except sometimes for
fuscous streaks along median carina in female, interantennal process,
side of frons, cheek, labrum, much of mandible, first and second seg-
ments of maxillary palpus, basal part of galea, scape and pedicel
except above, much of propleurum, broad stripe on upper margin of
pronotum, large triangle on mesoscutum at front end of notaulus,
large spot on tegula, large oblong spot on upper anterior part of
mesopleurum, longitudinal stripe below sternaulus, scutellum, post-
scutellum, metapleurum except marginally, spot on apex of area
dentipara, front and middle legs of male except base of coxae and
stripe on hind side of femora, apex of front and middle coxae of female
in front, front side of trochanter of front and middle legs of female,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 89
upper side of front and middle tibiae of female, much of front and
middle tarsi of female, apical and dorsal spots on hind coxa of male,
hind trochanters, dorsal edge and outer half of hind femur of male,
hind tibia and tarsus of male, dorsobasal stripe on hind tibia of female,
first tergite except for base, apical 0.8 to 0.9 of second tergite, apical
0.7 to 0.8 of third tergite, apical 0.6 to 0.7 of fourth through sixth
tergites and of seventh tergite of male, and male genitalia, yellow;
flagellum and mouth parts brownish ferruginous except where de-
scribed as yellow; wings light brown, the front wing beyond the
areolet mostly subhyaline.
The coloration above represents the specimens other than the male
lectotype. In the lectotype, the yellow triangle on the anterior end
of the notaulus is prolonged backward as a narrow line, to reach a
yellow quadrate spot on center of mesoscutum. The legs are yellow
and fulvous rather than yellow and ferruginous or blackish. This
lectotype is from Texas rather than from California or Arizona as
are most of the rest of the specimens. ‘The female paratype described
by Brues is not birkmani but a different species, probably MV. pectoralis.
Specimens: 9, Tuscon, Ariz., Oct. 12, 1927, J. M. Braezeale (Wash-
ington). o, Tucson, Ariz., October 1926, C. A. Catlin (Washington).
o', Phoenix, Ariz.. W. W. Jones (Townes). co, near Alecardo, Kern
Co., Calif., Sept. 8, 1947 (Townes). 9, Cabazon, Calif., Nov. 7, 1934,
A. L. Melander (Cambridge). 9, Indio, Calif., Nov. 1, 1953, J. C.
Hall (Davis). 36, Whitewater, Calif., Oct. 27, 1934, A. L. Melander
(Cambridge). 9, Dallas, Tex., Sept. 19, 1905, C. R. Jones (Wash-
ington). o, W. W. Jones (Townes). co (lectotype), Lee Co., Tex.,
Oct. 2, 1905, G. Birkman (Milwaukee).
This is a species of the Southwest. Adults occur in fall.
10. Metopius (Cultrarius) secundus, new species
Figure 185,b
Female type: Front wing 8 mm. long; facial shield 1.2 as high as
wide, without a median carina, with rather dense fine punctures and
very sparse large punctures; clypeus with a weak median vertical
carina arising from basal point of facial shield (this lacking in the other
species of the subgenus); wider segments of flagellum about 3.0 as
wide as long; galea and glossa as in M. ultimatus: second segment of
maxillary palpus pyriform but a little flattened and asymmetric,
about 2.3 as long as wide; punctures on mesopleurum and meta-
pleurum rather coarse, their interspaces about 0.7 the punctural
diameter; prepectal carina crossing sternaulus but absent more
dorsad; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3+;
90 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
first tergite in profile with a long flat anterodorsal face which is about
3.0 as long as dorsal face (all other species of the subgenus except
rileyt have the anterodorsal face about as long as or shorter than the
dorsal face); propodeum in profile almost flat, sharply declivous;
ovipositor about 1.8 as long as apical depth of abdomen, its valvifers
somewhat elongate.
Black. Wide margin of face laterally and above, interantennal
process, side of frons, stripe on upper margin of pronotum, broad spot
over subtegular ridge and a connecting vertical oval area below its
front part, apical 0.3 of scutellum, postscutellum, most of meta-
pleurum, spot at apex of area dentipara, dorsal side of front and
middle tibiae except at apex, apical 0.65 of first tergite, apicolateral
mark on second tergite, and apical 0.25, 0.35, 0.38, and 0.4 (a little
broadened sublaterally) of third through fifth tergites, respectively,
yellow; basal 0.4 of antenna red-brown, paler basally; trochanters and
front tibia and tarsus fulvous brown; front and middle coxae and
femora and hind tibia and tarsus brown; hind femur blackish brown;
all femora pale brown at apex; wings tinged with light brown, the front
wing a little darker anteriorly, its stigma yellowish brown.
Type: 9, ‘San Janacio,’”’? N. Mex., September 1, Porter and Cock-
erell (Washington, USNM 63622).
11. Metopius (Cultrarius) rileyi Marlatt
Fieures 168,b; 185,c
Metopius rileyi Marlatt, 1891, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 2, p. 103; 9.
Lectotype (hereby selected): 9, Riley Co., Kans., September, Marlatt
(Washington).
Front wing 6.5 to 7.5 mm. long; facial shield rather narrow and
small, about 1.3 as high as wide, without a median carina, its surface
Ficures 57, 58.—Localities: 57 (left), Metopius (Cultrarius) birkmani; 58 (right), M. (C.)
rileyt.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 9]
with irregular swellings and close, moderate sized, deep punctures;
galea and glossa as in M. ultimatus; second segment of maxillary
palpus only weakly swollen, in the female about 3.5 as long as wide;
tegula rather strongly and densely punctate; punctures on meso-
pleurum coarse, strong, and subadjacent; punctures on metapleurum
very coarse, separated by about 0.5 their diameter; prepectal carina
crossing sternaulus but absent more dorsad; scuteilum shorter than
in other species of the subgenus Cultrarius, about 0.56 as long as wide;
claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.25+ ; first
tergite in profile with a long, straight anterodorsal face but no dorsal
face (All other species of the subgenus except secundus have the antero-
dorsal face about as long as or shorter than the dorsal face.); pro-
podeum in profile almost flat, sharply declivous; ovipositor heavy,
compressed, about as deep as hind tibia, about 3.5 as long as the apical
depth of abdomen and 0.8 as long as abdomen; valvifers almost as
long as ovipositor, which permits a folding of the ovipositor within
the subgenital plate leaving little of it exposed, or when exserted
the ovipositor and its valvifers give the ‘geniculate’ appearance
ascribed by Davis to this species when he based his genus Cultrarius
on it. The species M. secundus has an ovipositor intermediate
between that of M. rileyi and those of the other species of the subgenus.
Black. Upper lateral part of face, interantennal process, side of
frons, short stripe along upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge,
posterior half of metapleurum and of scutellum, postscutellum,
apicolateral spot on propodeum, posterior 0.25+ of first five tergites,
and posterior 0.35 of sixth tergite, yellow; legs dark reddish brown,
their trochanters paler and the apex of femora, upper side of front
and middle tibiae, and extreme base of hind tibia, yellow; wings pale
brown, the front third of the front wing darker brown.
Specimens: 9, Douglas Co., Kans., Sept. 29, 1948, R. H. Beamer
(Lawrence). 9, Lawrence, Kans., Oct. 1, 1952, G. Heinrich (Hein-
rich). @ (lectotype), Riley Co., Kans., September, C. L. Marlatt
(Washington). 9, Riley Co., Kans., October, C. L. Marlatt (Wash-
ington). o, West Point, Nebr., September 1887 (Philadelphia).
9, South Dakota, C. L. Marlatt (Washington). 9, South Dakota
(Philadelphia).
This is a species of the Great Plains. It is adult in fall.
4. Subgenus Peltales, new subgenus
Ficure 167,b
Facial shield escutcheon-shaped, its upper edge almost straight but
a little indented below each antenna, its lower edges roundly curved
to the basal point, its disc without a median carina; interantennal
process triangular to erect rectangular, depressed medially and with
92 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
strong dorsolateral raised flanges; frons often with a median tubercle
between the interantennal process and the median ocellus; clypeus
margin weakly arcuate, a little raised away from base of labrum;
upper tooth of mandible acute and connected with the ventral condyle
by a prominent ridge; lower tooth of mandible small or minute,
strongly impressed so that it is difficult to see and the mandible appears
twisted; maxilla and labium short; temple almost flat; occipital carina
very close to foramen magnum, complete; prepectal carina weakly
angled above the sternaulus, more dorsad reaching almost to sub-
tegular ridge, gradually approaching but ending well separated from
front edge of mesopleurum; second recurrent vein with one bulla;
hind femur about three times as long as deep; tarsal claws apparently
simple; first tergite rather small, in profile flat or weakly rounded
dorsally and roundly declivous basally; male clasper convex, without
a lateral ridge.
Subgenotype: Metopius errantia Davis.
Of this subgenus we have seen the Mexican Metopius scutatifrons
Cresson 1874 (new combination in Peltales), four undetermined
Neotropical species, and the two Nearctic species treated below.
Key to the Nearctic species of Peltales
1. Mesoscutum entirely black; punctures on mesopleurum large, separated by
about 0.7 their diameter; frons with an acute tooth below median ocellus.
1. errantius Davis
Mesoscutum black with 2 longitudinal yellow lines which are connected
posteriorly; punctures on mesopleurum rather small, separated by about
1.5 their diameter; frons with a weak swelling below median ocellus.
2. notatus, new species
1. Metopius (Peltales) errantius Davis, new combination
Front wing 6.3 to 8.5 mm. long; facial shield about 1.0 as high as
wide, its point distant from apical margin of clypeus; interantennal
process about 0.65 as high as wide, dorsally adnate to frons in female,
somewhat raised from frons in male; frons with sharp close punctures
and a pointed tubercle just above interantennal process; wider
flagellar segments about 1.8 to 2.1 as wide as long; second segment of
maxilla apically somewhat enlarged in male, apically globular in
female; punctures on mesopleurum large, separated by about 0.7
their diameter; first tergite in profile about 1.7 as long as high, weakly
rounded above; third and fourth tergites with a median carina;
third to fifth tergites with strong oblique grooves in their lateral
faces; apex of sixth tergite of male simple, of female deflexed medially
to make a broad, weak, median emargination.
There are four subspecies, as treated below.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 93
Key to the subspecies of Metopius errantius
1. Yellow apical band on fifth tergite occupying about 0.15 of the segment’s
length at the midline (figs. 185,d,e); punctures on third tergite moderately
crowded, separated by rounded ridges . OS oA ME en, Tecan ten sy (nS
Yellow apical band on fifth tergite occupying about 0.35 the segment’s length
at the midline (figs. 185,f,g); punctures on third tergite strongly crowded,
REM ATATEOS DVASMARDITIG SES eit eh oben ee) shh tater pal Wve atT et bat eee pe AS
2. Ground color of abdomen and side of thorax blackish; range: Alleghenian and
Carolinian faunas. ........ .... .la. errantius errantius Davis
Ground color of abdomen and side of thorax medium brown; range: Florida.
lb. errantius floridanus, new subspecies
3. Yellow mark on tergites 3 and 4 not extending forward much if any beyond
the midlength of the tergite (fig. 185,f); range: Arizona.
le. errantius arizonicus, new subspecies
Yellow mark on tergites 3 and 4 extending forward sublaterally almost to the
front margin (fig. 185,g); range: California.
1d. errantius calfornicus, new subspecies
la. Metopius (Peltales) errantius errantius Davis
Figures 167,b; 185,d
Metopius errantia Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p.199;9. Type:
9, Gaylord, Mich. (East Lansing).
Punctures on third tergite moderately crowded, separated by
rounded ridges.
Black. Face except below the shield and for a central mark in the
shield, interantennal process, side of frons, scape and pedicel beneath,
free margins of labrum in whole or laterally, part of mandible, maxilla
and labium of male, apical mark on second maxillary segment of
female, subtegular ridge, often all or part of upper margin of pronotum,
often a narrow vertical stripe below subtegular ridge, apex and lateral
aw No :
4 Q ° (i Le) 8 ° A
e Ss = os : fo, nee a ,
I, YFP ty SMP eh NEL
ee ai Y e Be
Figures 59, 60.—Localities, subspecies of Metopius (Peltales) errantius: 59 (left), errantius;
60 (right), floridanus.
x
94 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
basal part of scutellum, often the postscutellum, often a small spot
at apex of area dentipara, first trochanter more or less, apex of femora
(more broadly in front), apical 0.4 of first tergite, often small apical
corners of second tergite, apical 0.3 of third tergite, apical 0.2 of
fourth tergite (wider laterally), and apical 0.12 of. fifth tergite (some-
times interrupted medially), yellow; upper side of scape and pedicel
and under side of flagellum light reddish brown, the flagellum shading
to blackish beyond the middle; legs light brown to blackish brown,
the front legs palest and the hind legs darkest; wings subhyaline, the
front wings infuscate anteriorly, especially in the radial cell.
Specimens: 2 (type), Gaylord, Mich. (East Lansing). 9, Itasca,
Minn., July 1908 (Cambridge). 9, Lakehurst, N. J., July 3, 1909, J.
Bequaert (Cambridge). o, reared from Geometridae, Algonquin
Park, Ont., Sept. 6, 1945 (Townes). 29, Dunn Loring, Va., Aug. 7
and 21, 1949, K. V. Krombein (Townes).
This subspecies is in the Carolinian and Alleghenian faunas.
lb. Metopius (Peltales) errantius floridanus, new subspecies
Figure 185,e
Female type: Similar to the female of M. errantius errantius ex-
cept that the blackish areas in center of frons, side of thorax, pro-
podeum beyond its basal transverse carina, tegula, legs except on
hind coxa and femur, and abdomen are brown rather than blackish.
Also, the basal half of the antenna is paler brown than in M. errantius
errantius.
Type: 9, taken in dense woods, Alachua Co., Fla., June 24, 1954,
H. A. Denmark (Washington, USNM 63623).
le. Metopius (Peltales) errantius arizonicus, new subspecies
Figure 185,f
Female type: Punctures on third tergite strongly crowded, sep-
arated by sharp ridges.
Black. Interantennal process and adjacent mark on facial shield,
band along lateral edge of facial shield, side of frons, under side of
scape and pedicel, upper edge of pronotum, subtegular ridge and a
vertical stripe below it, narrow apices of femora (widened on the front
side), front face of fore tibia and front stripe on middle tibia not
reaching the apex, part of middle and hind first trochanters, apex
and laterobasal part of scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of
area dentipara, apical 0.8 of first tergite, apicolateral corner of second
tergite, apical 0.4 of third tergite, apical 0.35 of fourth tergite (broad-
ened laterally), apical 0.3 of fifth tergite (much broadened laterally),
and lateral spot on sixth tergite, yellow; mandible medially, upper
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAER 95
side of scape and pedicel, basal half of flagellum, tegula except for a
yellow spot, front and middle legs beyond coxae except where noted
as yellow, hind trochanters, base of hind femur, and thorax at leg
attachments, light reddish-brown; front and middle coxae blackish
brown; hind femur, tibia, and tarsus dark brown except as described
otherwise; wings pale brown, the front 0.35 of front wing darker
brown.
Type: 9, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 4, 1940, L. C. Kuitert
(Lawrence).
1d. Metopius (Peltales) errantius californicus, new subspecies
FicureE 185,g
Punctures on third tergite strongly crowded, separated by sharp
ridges.
Male: Colored like the female except that yellow markings on
abdomen are a little less extensive.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and adjacent mark on facial
shield, band along lateral and ventral edges of facial shield (narrowest
below), side of frons, Jateral corner of labrum, under side of scape and
pedicel, second segment of maxillary palpus, broad upper edge of
pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, triangular mark below subteguar
ridge, narrow apices of front and middle femora, broad apex (especially
anteriorly and below) of hind femur, parts of first trochanters, front
faces of front and middle tibiae, scutellum except basally, post-
scutellum, a spot at apex of area dentipara, first tergite, apical 0.35
of second tergite (broader laterally), and third to sixth tergites except
for narrow basolateral stripe and a large median basal area, yellow;
part of mandible, upper side of scape and pedicel, basal half of
flagellum, and tinges on front and middle legs light reddish-brown;
Ficures 61—63.—Localities, species of Metopius (Peltales): 61 (left), errantius arizonicus;
62 (center), errantius californicus; 63 (right), notatus.
96 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
hind tibia and tarsus dark brown, the tibia with an external basal
yellow spot; wings pale brown, the front 0.35 of front wing darker
brown.
Type: 9, Fish Camp, Calif., July 14, 1948, H., M., G., and D.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63624).
Paratype: o, 17 miles west of Chemult, Klamath Co., Oreg., July
25, 1955, G. R. Ferguson (Townes).
2. Metopius (Peltales) notatus, new species
Figure 185,h
Female type: Front wing 7 mm. long; facial shield 1.05 as high as
wide, its point rather close to margin of clypeus; interantennal process
1.0 as high as wide, dorsally quite free from frons; frons with rather
indistinct small punctures and a median swelling; wider flagellar
segments about 2.0 as wide as long; second segment of maxilla apically
globular; punctures on mesopleurum rather small, separated by about
1.5 their diameter; first tergite in profile 2.0 as long as high, very
weakly rounded above; third and fourth tergites with a median carina;
third to fifth tergites with strong oblique grooves in their lateral
faces; apex of sixth tergite deflexed medially to make a broad, weak,
median emargination.
Brownish black. Head and mouthparts except for margins of
mandible, frons above each antennal socket, area including ocelli and
reaching top of eye, back of head except for broad posterior orbits
and transverse band below hind ocelli, under side of scape and pedicel,
pronotum except for longitudinal area paralleling but distant from its
upper margin, propleurum laterally, parallel longitudinal stripes on
mesoscutum joined by a transverse bar near hind edge of mesoscutum,
apical half and lateral basal part of scutellum, postscutellum, sub-
tegular swelling, area covering most of mesopleurum and joined pos-
teriorly with a longitudinal mark beneath sternaulus, small submedian
posterior spot on mesosternum, most of upper division of metapleurum,
lower division of metapleurum except in its lower front area and
marginally (the dark lower front area enclosing a small yellow spot),
propodeum except basally in spiracular area and in third median
area, front and middle legs except for large mark on femora behind
(not reaching their bases and apices), U-shaped mark on hind coxa
above, hind trochanters except first trochanter basally, hind femur
except for its front and hind faces, hind tibia and tarsus, first tergite
except basally, apical 0.4 of second through fourth tergites, apical 0.35
of fifth tergite, apical 0.3 of sixth tergite, and apical band on seventh
tergite, yellow, the yellow on tergites extending forward laterally;
tegula brownish yellow centrally; wings tinged with yellowish brown.
Type: 9, Pyriton, Ala., H. H. Smith (Washington, USNM 63625).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 97
5. Subgenus Tylopius, new subgenus
Figure 169,a
Facial shield escutcheon-shaped but rounded below and seldom with
a discernible basal point; upper edge of facial shield weakly arcuate;
interantennal process broadly triangular, without a median carina, its
sides not elevated, continuous dorsally with a high lamella on frons
which ends abruptly near middle of frons; margin of clypeus broad and
almost straight, not reflexed, close to the base of labrum; mandible
with two teeth, the lower tooth shorter and a little impressed; maxilla
and labium short; temple moderately rounded or rather flat; occipital
carina moderately close to foramen magnum, complete; prepectal
carina angled strongly forward just above sternaulus almost to reach
front edge of mesopleurum, then paralleling front edge of mesopleurum
to near subtegular ridge, sometimes partially obsolete above sternaulus;
second recurrent vein with one bulla or rarely with two; hind femur
about three times as long as deep; tarsal claws apparently simple;
first tergite in profile pyramidal, its dorsal face straight and meeting
the straight dorsobasal face at an angle; male clasper depressed, with
a lateral ridge.
Subgenotype: Metopius pinatorius Brullé, = M. micratorwus of
authors, not of Fabricius.
The subgeneric name is from the Greek ‘‘tylus,
the terminal part of the name ‘‘Metopius,”’
of the interantennal process.
This is a Holarctic group. Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8, pp.
365-408) treats 16 Palaearctic species. To these should be added
Metopius (Ceratopius) coreanus Uchida 1930, from Korea, and Metopius
(Ceratopius) sapporensis Uchida 1930, from Japan (new synonyms of
sapporensis: Metopius (Ceratopius) arakawai Uchida, 1930 and
Metopius (Ceratopius) takabayashii Uchida, 1930). There are four
Nearctic species, which are treated below.
”
a callosity, plus
referring to the shape
Key to the Nearctic species of subgenus Tylopius
1. Abdomen elongate (fig. 186,e), the fourth tergite about as long as wide; second
tergite rather sparsely punctate, the interspaces averaging about 0.7 the
diameter of the punctures; apical pale band on first tergite interrupted
medially; front wing 14 to 15 mm.long ... . . . 4. basalis Cresson
Abdomen not elongate (figs. 186,a—d), the fourth terpite about 0.75 as long as
wide; second tergite densely punctate, the interspaces reduced to lines;
apical pale band on first tergite not interrupted medially; front wing 7 to
NS snain on ester serra paeshetes eater stare Sirens thas te ie te 3D
2. Hind femur black with white or valle eee of prac equal size
at base and apex; facial shield about 0.97 as high as wide; space between
facial shield and clypeal margin about 0.08 as great as herent of shield.
3. edwardsii Cresson
98 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Hind femur black, broadly white or yellow basally on the outer side, or some-
times the white or yellow covers entire femur except for an apical black
mark which is most extensive on inner side; facial shield about 1.05 as high
as wide; space between facial shield and clypeal margin about 0.13 as great
as height of shield fwd Gene hes erpytep ity
3. Second recurrent vein with one bulla: erotics 4 a 6 poicaay rai or yellow,
rarely mostly yellow (figs. 186,a,b) ...-.... . . I. pollinctorius Say
Second recurrent vein with two bullae; tergites 4 to 6 yellow with a discal pair
of black spots \(fig’ 186,¢)) 0554 SO a, Cd 2) belies (Cresson
1. Metopius (Tylopius) pollinctorius Say, new combination
Front wing 7 to 13 mm. long; facial shield broadly rounded below,
without a trace of a basal point, the shield about 1.05 as high as wide
and separated from margin of clypeus by about 0.13 its height;
second recurrent vein with one bulla; abdomen moderately broad, its
fourth tergite about 0.77 as long as wide; second tergite densely punc-
tate, the interspaces reduced to lines; sixth tergite of female about
1.0 as long as wide, with rather coarse evenly spaced punctures;
seventh tergite of male with coarse, evenly spaced punctures.
This species is very close to the Palaearctic Metopius pinatorius
Brullé (see fig. 169,a), which may prove to be a subspecies of it.
It is represented in North America by two subspecies as described
below:
1. Hind tibia entirely or largely black; body markings whitish; range: East of
100th meridian and westward to the Pacific in Canada and the northern
United States... . . la. pollinctorius pollinctorius Say
Hind tibia entirely reilg ee, body apie yellow; range: Washington, Nevada,
and California. ... . .. . . Ib. pollinetorius nevadensis Cresson
la. Metopius (Tylopius) pollinctorius pollinctorius Say, new combination
Fiaure 186,a
Peltastes pollinctorius Say, 1836, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 245 (Leconte
ed., vol. 2, p. 700); #, 9. Types: Indiana and Pennsylvania (destroyed).
Metopius cordiger Brullé, 1846, in Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, Histoire naturelle
des insects. Hyménoptéres, vol. 4, p. 120; @. Type: o, Carolina (Paris).
Broutoay: Schaffner and Griswold, 1934, Misc. Publ. U. 8. Dep. Agr., No. 1881,
p. 144.
Male: Black, the abdomen usually with a dark metallic blue tint.
Face, interantennal process, side of frons, often most of clypeus,
often most of cheek, mouthparts except apex and margins of mandible
and usually the labial palpus, under side of scape and pedicel, large
lenticular mark along upper edge of pronotum, usually a large ver-
tically elliptical mark on upper part of mesopleurum next the prepectal
carina, sometimes a narrow stripe on subtegular ridge, apex of scutel-
lum and usually its basolateral appendage, transverse band on post-
scutellum, spot at apex of area dentipara, most of trochanters and
bases of femora (including the basal 0.5+ of hind femur in front),
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 99
Ficures 64, 65.—Localities, subspecies of Metopius (Tylopius) pollinctorius: 64 (left)
pollinctorius; 65 (right), nevadensts.
all or much of front side of front and middle femora, sometimes part
to all of front and middle tarsi, rarely front side of hind tarsi, rarely
anteroventral part of hind tibia except at base, apex of front and
middle coxae, apical 0.6+ of first tergite, apical margin of second
tergite laterally, apicolateral corners or a narrow apical band on
third tergite, apical 0.25 of fourth tergite, apical 0.2 of fifth tergite,
usually the apical 0.15 of sixth tergite, genitalia, and apical part of
seventh and eighth sternites, white; flagellum light brown beneath,
darker apically; wings more or less infuscate.
Female: Colored like the male, except that the facial shield has a
large, broadly oval, central black area, and the cheek, clypeus,
mouth parts, and genitalia are black.
Metopius pinatorius Brullé, 1846, has been listed as a synonym of
M. pollinctorius, but a study of the type in Paris shows that they
are from Europe, rather than from ‘‘Carolina” as reported by Brullé,
and are the common European Metopius micratorius of authors, not
of Fabricius.
In both sexes specimens from areas towards the Southeastern States
have the wings progressively darker and the apical white band on the
sixth tergite progressively narrower. In Austroriparian specimens the
wings are strongly infuscate and the apical band on the sixth tergite
very narrow or absent. In Canadian and Alleghanian specimens the
wings are subhyaline and the apical band on the sixth tergite as wide
as that of the fifth. These two coloration types intergrade in a gradual
cline that does not permit subspecific distinctions.
Specimens (126, 402): From Alberta (Lloydminster); British
Columbia (Mount Apex near Hedley at 6,000 ft., Okanagan Valley,
and Trinity Valley); District of Columbia; Georgia (Tifton); Illinois
(Chicago); Manitoba (Husavick); Maryland (Takoma Park); Massa-
100 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
chusetts; Michigan (Detroit, Roscommon Co., and Whitefish Point
in Chippewa Co.); Minnesota (Itasca Park and Polk Co.); New Jer-
sey (Montclair); New York (Buffalo, ‘Halfway in the Hollow Hills
of Long Island,”’ and Smithtown); North Carolina (Clinton); Nova
Scotia (vicinity of Medway in Queens Co.); Ohio (Bellefontaine and
Scioto Co.); Ontario (Fort Erie and Point Pelee); Pennsylvania
(Charter Oak and Pittsburgh); Quebec (Gaspé Co., Luceville, and St.
Esprit); South Carolina (McClellanville and Ware Shoals); Virginia
(Arlington, Chain Bridge, and Falls Church); and Wisconsin (‘Cran-
moor’’).
Collecting dates are from early summer to early fall.
Early and late seasonal dates of interest are: May 15 at McClellan-
ville, S. C.; May 24 at Clinton, N. C.; May 30 at Tifton, Ga.; June 7
in the Hollow Hills of Long Island, N. Y.; June 13 at Falls Church,
Va.; June 17 in Scioto County, Ohio; September 8 at Detroit, Mich.;
September 13 at Chain Bridge, Va.; September 27 at Ware Shoals,
S. C.; October 8 at ‘‘Cranmoor,”’ Wis., and October 10 at Falls Church,
Va.
There are five reared specimens as follows: 9, from Apatela sp.,
Buffalo, N. Y., emerged April 1880, E. P. Van Duzee. 29, from
Apatela on Salix, Bellefontaine, Ohio, emerged February 1917, F. H.
Benjamin (Ithaca). 9, from hairy caterpillar on chokecherry, Trinity
Valley, B. C., collected July 8, 1938, emerged Mar. 29, 1939, K.
Graham. 9, from Gluphisia septentrionalis, Luceville, Que., emerged
Apr. 7, 1940.
We have collected the subspecies several times, always flying at
one to two meters elevation along the edges of deciduous forests.
In flight, it looks superfically like Eumenes fraterna.
Schaffner and Griswold (loc. cit.) report rearing this subspecies
from Apatela oblinita at Hudson, Maine, the parasite overwintering
in the host pupa and giving evidence of one generation per year.
Weiss (1924, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 74) mentions
a rearing from the cocoon of Actias luna, collected at Elizabeth, N. J.
This subspecies is the commonest and most widespread representa-
tive of the genus in North America. It occurs along the edges of
deciduous forests. Adults occur from early summer to early fall.
lb. Metopius (Tylopius) pollinctorius nevadensis Cresson, new combination
FIGURE 186,b
Metopius nevadensis Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxviii;
o&, 9. Lectotype: ?, Nevada (Philadelphia).
Metopius edwardsii Townes, 1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 11, p. 571, syn-
onymy, in part.
Male: Black. Face, much of clypeus except near clypeal fovea,
much of cheek, interantennal process, side of frons, mouth parts
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 1OxX
except apex and margins of mandible, underside of scape and pedicel,
underside of flagellum to near middle, lenticular mark along upper
margin of pronotum, vertical oval mark on front part of mesopleurum
next the prepectal carina, mark on subtegular ridge, narrow apex of
scutellum (sometimes interrupted medially), small spot at apex of
area dentipara, sometimes small spot on tegula, front and middle
legs except for base of coxae and stripe on back side of femora, irreg-
ular apical and dorsal marks on hind coxa, hind trochanters, hind
femur except for apical 0.1 to 0.4 and some apical blotches, hind tibia
except for narrow apex, hind tarsus but often with apex of each seg-
ment brownish, apical 0.6 of first tergite, lateral apical corner of
second tergite, subapical 0.1 of third tergite, apical 0.35 of fourth
tergite, apical 0.4 of fifth and sixth tergites, apical 0.2 of seventh
tergite, and genitalia and parts of adjacent sclerites, light yellow;
wings tinged with reddish brown.
Female: Colored like the male except that the mouth parts are
black with some yellow on the palpi, the facial shield has a large
median black mark, the flagellum is fulvous except above, and the
apical 0.25 of the sixth tergite is yellow.
This subspecies has basically the same color pattern as the sub-
species MM. pollinctorius, but with the light markings pale yellow
rather than white, these yellow markings more extensive, especially
on the legs and apical half of the abdomen, and the wings subhyaline,
tinged with reddish brown.
The coloration described above is considered typical. Figure 186,b
is from a female from Donner Pass, Calif., with unusually extensive
yellow markings, as follows:
Black. Face, interantennal process, side of frons, labrum, spot on
mandible, parts of palpi, lenticular mark along upper edge of prono-
tum, vertical elliptical mark on front part of mesopleurum next pre-
pectal carina, small mark on subtegular ridge, apex and basolateral
appendage of scutellum, transverse mark on postscutellum, irregular
spot at apex of area dentipara, two small spots next base of middle
coxa, apex of front coxa, all but basal part of middle coxa, front
stripe, small posterior apical, and large ventral apical mark on hind
coxa, apical 0.7 of first tergite, lateroapical spot on second tergite,
subapical 0.18 of third tergite, and all of fourth, fifth, and sixth ter-
gites except basal 0.15+ and area surrounding the lateral oblique
grooves, light yellow; legs beyond coxae light yellow except for pos-
terior black stripes on front and middle femora, apical 0.65 of hind
femur black posteriorly, apical posterior brown area on hind tibia,
apex of first and second segments of hind tarsus brown and all of the
third to fifth segments brown; wings tinged with reddish brown.
Specimens: @ (atypical coloration), Donner Pass, Calif., Aug. 1,
102 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). 9, Sonora Pass, Calif.,
July 30, 1954, J. C. Downey (Townes). 4c and 29 (lectotype and
paratypes), Nevada (Philadelphia). 7’, reared from reddish Apatela,
probably near Puyallup, Wash., S. E. Crumb (Townes).
2. Metopius (Tylopius) bellus Cresson, new combination
Ficure 186,¢
Metopius bellus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxviii;
oc. Type: o, Nevada (Philadelphia).
Front wing about 12 mm. long; second recurrent vein with two
bullae. Otherwise structurally similar to M. pollinctorius.
Black. Face, clypeus except near clypeal foveae, cheek, inter-
antennal process, side of frons, mouthparts, scape, and pedicel except
above, broad upper margin of pronotum, large rectangular area on
front half of mesopleurum, longitudinal stripe below sternaulus, some-
times small marks on metapleurum, scutellum except median basal
stripe, postscutellum, propodeum near apex of area dentipara, tegula,
front and middle legs except bases of coxae, hind coxa apically be-
neath and with small marks elsewhere, hind trochanters, hind femur
(except apical 0.75 posteriorly, apical 0.6 dorsally, and a subapical
triangle anteriorly), hind tibia, hind tarsus except for brownish apical
part, all but base of first tergite, lateral stripe on second tergite except-
ing area in front of spiracle, third tergite (except for apical margin,
area near spiracle, base, and large connecting area on disc), fourth,
fifth, and sixth tergites (except for lateral oblique grooves, basal
margins, and paired discal spots), seventh tergite except at base, and
genitalia, yellow. Flagellum reddish brown above, yellowish brown
beneath, paler basally. Wings tinged with reddish brown.
Sa rh, a y
We
Ficures 66, 67.—Localities, species of Metopius (Tylopius): 66 (left), bellus; 67 (right),
edwardsit.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 103
Specimens: 9, ‘‘Mokel Hill,” Calif., F. E. Blaisdell (San Francisco).
o', 4 miles west of Quincy, Calif., June 26, 1949, E. I. Schlinger
(Townes). , Valley Hot Spring, Douglas Co., Nev., June 24, 1953,
R. C. Betchel (Davis). o@ (type), Nevada (Philadelphia). 0,
Kane Creek at 2,000 ft., 5 miles west of Gold Hill, Oreg., June 23, 1937,
Bolinger and Jewett (Washington).
3. Metopius (Tylopius) edwardsii Cresson, new combination
Fiaure 186,d
Metopius edwardsit Cresson, 1878, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878,
p. 376; &. Type: o&, Washington Territory (Philadelphia).
Metopius edwarsit Townes, 1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 11, p. 571, synon-
ymy, in part.
Front wing 9 to 11 mm. long; facial shield broadly rounded below,
without a trace of a basal point, the shield about 0.97 as high as wide
and separated from clypeal margin by about 0.08 its height; second
recurrent vein with one bulla; abdomen moderately broad, its fourth
tergite about 0.73 as long as wide; second tergite densely punctate,
the interspaces reduced to lines; sixth tergite of female about 0.74
as long as wide, with close, coarse punctures; seventh tergite of male
with close, coarse punctures.
Male: Black. Face, interantennal process, side of frons, scape and
pedicel except above, labrum, broad stripe on upper margin of prono-
tum, small obsolescent stripe on subtegular ridge, spot at apex of area
dentipara, apices of scutella, front and middle coxae apically above,
trochanters except hind side of trochanter of front leg, front and middle
femora at base, apex, above, and in front, basal and apical 0.18+ of
hind femur in front, narrowing to basal and apical 0.08+ behind,
tibiae except extreme apex of hind tibia, front and middle tarsi, hind
basitarsus obscurely on basal 0.75+, apical 0.6 of first tergite, apico-
lateral corners of second tergite, apical 0.25 of third tergite, apical
0.17 of fourth tergite, apical 0.12 of fifth tergite, median half of apical
margin of sixth tergite, and most of genitalia and subgenital plate,
pale yellow; wings subhyaline, with a brown tinge.
Female: Black. Stripe covering lateral edge of facial shield, inter-
antennal process and narrow adjacent margin of facial shield, baso-
lateral part of frons, sometimes a small stripe along upper margin of
pronotum, narrow apical margin of scutellum (interrupted medially),
small spot at apex of area dentipara, apices of all femora and base of
hind femur, hind trochanters except under side of first trochanter,
front and middle tibiae and tarsi except part of hind side of tibiae, basal
0.7 of hind tibia, and abdominal marks as described in male, ivory-
colored; flagellum brown beneath; wings subhyaline, tinged with
brown.
451582598
104. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Metopius coreanus Uchida, 1930, from Korea, is closely related to
the present species. It differs in having the facial shield narrower,
about 1.17 as high as wide.
Specimens: 29, Edmonton, Alta., July 15 and 26, 1929, E. H.
Strickland (Ottawa). o (type), Washington Territory (Philadel-
phia). o, July 4, 1914, Max Rithmann (Ottawa).
4. Metopius (Tylopius) basalis Cresson, new combination
Fiaure 186,e
Front wing 14 to 15 mm. long; facial shield rounded below, without
a trace of a basal point, about 1.16 as high as wide and separated from
clypeal margin by about 0.10 its height; second recurrent vein with
one bulla; abdomen slender, its fourth tergite about 1.03 as long as
wide; second tergite rather sparsely punctate, the interspaces about
0.7 the diameter of the punctures; sixth tergite of female about 1.2
as long as wide, with coarse, evenly spaced punctures; seventh tergite
of male with rather coarse, evenly spaced punctures.
There are two subspecies, differing in the extent of white marks on
the abdomen, as follows:
1. Abdominal tergites 3 to 5 each with an ivory apical band or apicolateral pair
of spots (fig. 186,e); range: Transcontinental in Canadian zone.
4a. basalis heinrichi, new subspecies
Abdominal tergites 3 to 5 entirely black; range: Austroriparian fauna.
4b. basalis basalis Cresson
4a. Metopius (Tylopius) basalis heinrichi, new subspecies
FicurE 186,e
Male: Black, the abdomen with a faint dark metallic blue tinge.
Face, clypeus, more or less of cheek, interantennal process, under
side of scape and pedicel, mouthparts, mark along upper edge of pro-
notum, subtegular ridge, large vertically oval spot on upper front
Ficure 68.—Localities for
Metopius (Tylopius) basalis
heinrich.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 105
part of mesopleurum, tegula, basolateral appendage of scutellum,
apex of scutellum (sometimes interrupted medially), apex of front
and middle coxae in front, lateral stripe on middle coxa, trochanters
except posterodorsally, front and middle femora except behind, front
and middle tibiae except for a brown stripe behind, front and middle
tarsi, all tibial spurs, basal 0.5 to 0.8 of hind femur in front, subapical
spot on hind femur in front, most of hind tibia behind and below,
under side of basal one or two segments of hind tarsus, apical 0.3+ of
first tergite but interrupted medially, apicolateral corners of second
tergite, narrow apical band on third to fifth tergites (narrowed or
interrupted medially or sometimes reduced to apicolateral corners),
genitalia, much of subgenital plate, and broad apex of sternite in front
of subgenital plate, white; under side of flagellum brown; wings sub-
hyaline, tinged with brown.
Female: Black, the abdomen tinged with dark metallic blue.
Margin of facial shield, space between facial shield and eye, inter-
antennal process, side of face, small spot on under side of scape, mark
along upper edge of pronotum, spot on subtegular ridge, apex of scutel-
lum, stripe along upper front edge of front femur, front tibia except
behind, front basitarsus except toward base and apex, second tro-
chanter of middle leg in front, apex of middle femur in front, middle
tibia except behind, middle basitarsus except above, hind first tro-
chanter apically above, hind second trochanter except behind, basal
half of hind femur in front, stripe on basal 0.4 of hind tibia in front,
apical 0.4 of first tergite (interrupted in the middle), apical 0.2 of
second tergite (interrupted in the middle), apical 0.15 of third and
fourth tergites (narrowed medially), and apical 0.1 of fifth tergite,
white; flagellum tinged with brown beneath; wings subhyaline,
tinged with brown.
Type: 9, Nerepis, N. B., August 22, A. G. Leavitt (Washington,
USNM 63626).
Paratypes: o', Wellington, B. C., Sept. 27, 1946, R. Guppy
(Townes). 9, Dryden, Maine, Aug. 22, 1952, G. Heinrich (Heinrich).
9, reared from Saturniidae, Vermillion Bay, Ont., emerged July 20,
1942 (Ottawa).
This subspecies is transcontinental in the Canadian zone.
4b. Metopius (Tylopius) basalis basalis Cresson
Metopius basalis Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxvii;
Q. Type: 9, Florida (Philadelphia).
? Metopius medianus Morley, 1912, A revision of the Ichneumonidae, based on the
collection in the British Museum .. ., pt. 1, p. 78; o& (mew synonymy).
Type: o, Georgia (London).
Female: Black, the abdomen with a faint dark metallic blue tinge.
Margin of facial shield, space between facial shield and eye, inter-
106 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
antennal process, side of face, small spot on under side of scape,
apicolateral corner of scutellum, subbasal stripe on front of middle
tibia, front of second trochanter of hind leg, basal 0.7 of hind femur in
front, apical 0.5 of first tergite, and apical 0.35 of second tergite (inter-
rupted in the middle), white; flagellum tinged with brown beneath;
wings infuscate. Described from the type of M. basalis (ef which the
front legs are missing).
The type of Metopius medianus, in London, was studied briefly
but without the benefit of comparison material. It is close to M.
basalis basalis but not certainly the same.
Specimen: @ (type of basalis), Florida (Philadelphia).
6. Subgenus Ceratopius
Ficure 169,b
Ceratopius Clément, 1930, Konowia, vol. 8, p. 408. Type: Metopius dissectorius
Panzer; original designation.
Facial shield escutcheon-shaped but rounded below, without a
distinct basal point, its dorsal edge straight or weakly arcuate, its
dise without a longitudinal carina; interantennal process narrowly
triangular, its sides slightly raised, connected dorsally by a low
ridge with a prominent acute horn in middle of frons; margin of clypeus
broad and almost straight, not reflexed, close to base of labrum; man-
dible narrow, with two teeth, the lower tooth small and impressed;
maxilla and labium short; temple weakly rounded; occipital carina
rather close to foramen magnum, complete; prepectal carina turned
sharply forward just above sternaulus almost to reach front edge of
mesopleurum, then paralleling front edge of mesopleurum dorsad to
near subtegular ridge; second recurrent vein with one bulla or rarely
with two closely spaced bullae; hind femur about three times as long
as deep; tarsal claws apparently simple; first tergite in profile sharply
pyramidal, its dorsal face straight and somewhat elevated anteriorly,
where it meets the flat dorsobasal face at an angle; male clasper
depressed, with a lateral ridge.
This subgenus is predominantly Palaearctic. It does not occur in
the New World. Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8, p. 408-430) de-
scribes eight Palaearctic species and one from Formosa. Additional
representatives of the subgenus are: Metopius (Ceratopius) metallicus
Michener, 1941, from China; Metopius baibarensis Uchida, 1930, from
Formosa; Metopius dissectorius trifasciatus Uchida, 1930, from Japan
and Korea (=Metopius dissectorius imperfectus Uchida, 1930, new
synonymy); Metopius dissectorius pielt Uchida, 1940, from China;
and Metopius lar Morley, 1912, from Sikkim. Metopius lar is a sub-
species of Metopius dissectorius (new status).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 107
7. Genus Triclistus
Ficure 170,a
Triclistus Foerster, 1868, Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, vol. 25, p. 161. Type:
Exochus podagricus Gravenhorst; designated by Morley, 1913.
Front wing 3.3 to 6.7 mm. long; body punctation fine and weak;
face and clypeus evenly convex, the face continued dorsally between
antennal sockets as a triangle with an acuminate point which is con-
tinuous back between the antennae and to just below median ocellus
as a high lamella, the lamella with a deep longitudinal groove in its
dorsal edge, in profile the edge of the lamella arcuate; temple rather
long and flat, sloping rather weakly inward to give the head a cubical
appearance; head in profile flat or convex between hind ocellus and
occipital carina; occipital carina strong and complete; cheek about
0.6 as long as basal width of mandible; mandible rather flat, tapered
apically, its ventral tooth much shorter than its dorsal tooth; labrum
weakly projecting, usually hidden under mandibles; flagellum moder-
ately long, rather slender, not enlarged centrally or apically; upper
margin of pronotum rather heavy, convex; propleurum weakly convex;
scutellum weakly convex, without a lateral carina except at baso-
lateral corner; areolet usually present, when present small and stalked
above; nervulus postfurcal by 0.2 to 0.7 its length; nervellus broken
below the middle, usually near its lower 0.2; prepectal carina strong,
complete, dorsally meeting front end of subtegular ridge; sternaulus
absent; metapleurum smooth, polished, impunctate and hairless, or
with a few punctures and hairs; propodeum rather long, rather flat
above, declivous at the posterior transverse carina, its carinae varying
from all present and complete to almost entirely absent; propodeal
spiracle subcircular to short oval; legs exceptionally stout; second
trochanter of front and middle legs completely fused with its femur;
middle tibial spurs approximately equal in length, the front spur the
stouter; tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen rather short, its
first tergite usually broad basally, its spiracle near its basal 0.25,
basally with two median longitudinal carinae; first sternite extending
about 0.2 the length of its tergite; epipleura rather narrow; second
tergite without dorsal carinae; first six tergites well exposed, the
seventh tergite partly retracted in male, completely retracted in
female, the following tergites completely retracted in both sexes;
female subgenital plate elongate triangular, a little convex and up-
curved, its apex more or less roundly notched.
Triclistus is worldwide in distribution and contains some very
common species. They are small, stocky, and thick legged. The
head and body are usually black, with legs usually fulvous (the coxae
and trochanters black in some species), and wings hyaline. The head
108 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
is nearly always entirely black. Many of the species are difficult to
distinguish, and have very frequently been misdetermined. The keys
and descriptions below are the best that we could devise, but are not
adequate for distinguishing a large portion of the males, and an occa-
sional female is not determinable with the known characters.
Keys to the Nearctic species of Triclistus
MALES
(Males of Melanocephalus, chosis, and adustus are unknown.)
1. Hind spur of hind tibia (including its hairs) about 3.0 as long as wide; punc-
tures on face rather fine, separated by about 0.4 to 0.8 their diameter.
PODAGRICUS GROUP . . : 2
Hind spur of hind tibia Gace its haiti) about 4, 0 i 5. 0 as WG as ite:
punctures on face rather coarse, separated by about 0.25 to 1.0 their diam-
eter. CRASSUS GROUP. . . 3
2. Hind coxa mostly blackish; third aa fagait feces inh eae redinilly
(but not apically) . 5 . .. . 10. pedagricus (Gravenhorst)
Hind coxa entirely Pneinone nivel and fourth tergites without hairs
medially... oS" -. « « « Ll. pallipes Holmgren
3. Hind coxa black; cosmatel prcsentl ‘at east as a stub.
2. brunnipes (Cresson)
Hind coxa fulvous or ferruginous. .. . Seytry ot cena
4, Costula complete; outer side of second ee area an Asan tine about 1.9
as long as inner side; tegula voles more or less fulvous, but sometimes
entirely yellow... . . ... . I. crassus, new species
Costula complete, ieeuriplen, or aeseat if complete the outer side of second
lateral area of propodeum about 1.4 as long as inner side; tegula yellow.!
3. emarginatus (Say)
4. occidentis, new species
5. rectus, new species
6. evexus, new species
8. propinquus, new species
9. chosis, new species
FEMALES
1. Median third of fourth abdominal tergite with no hairs or with only a few
scattered hairs (figs. 186,g,h); hind spur of hind tibia (including its hairs)
about 2.8 to 3.8 as long as wide. PopaGRicus GROUP. ....... 2
Median third of fourth abdominal tergite with numerous, regularly spaced
hairs (fig. 186,f); hind spur of hind tibia about 4.0 to 5.0 as long as wide.
CRASSUS GROUP... b+ isi VEY erpenD
2. Body ferruginous; median Ra ERED carinae ae i ooeemn Secirne except
for short weak stubs basally and on apical transverse carina (fig. 187,k).
12. melanecephalus (Cameron)
Body black; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum distinct (figs. 187,
ijvand): j)xceLai oi iene mobil iteths aby ak iat ee eb. calle hee we
1 We have not been able to make a clear separation between the males of these species, though with the
aid of certain variable characters, distributional information, and associated females, one can determine
some of the males with probably accuracy.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 109
3. Hind coxa blackish or dark brown, paler apically; hairs on temple rather
uniformly distributed. ..... . . 10. podagricus (Gravenhorst)
Hind coxa uniformly fulvous; hairs on temple very sparse or absent centrally,
denser near eye and occipital carina. (fig. 187,l) .......... 4
4. First abdominal tergite about 1.2 as long as wide; median longitudinal carinae
of propodeum very broad and blunt (fig. 187,i); fourth tergite with more
hairs; front wing 5.0 to 6.1 mm. long... . . . 9. chosis, new species
First abdominal tergite about 1.6 as long as wide; median longitudinal cari-
nae of propodeum narrow and sharp (fig. 187,j); fourth tergite with fewer
hairs; front wing 3.4to5.6mm.long. .... . . IL. pallipes Holmgren
5. Last segment of hind tarsus with a small, subapical, ventral tooth or flange
on inner side which is surmounted a a small apically projecting or curving
tuit of hairs, ..-. . wet erste ameO
Last segment of hind senses Cinamise a eahapical Sail fouth) flange, or hair
GURU ies stato 3 sail etd
6. Subgenital plate Poanded or eerie Genoa cette ecard segment of
hind tarsus about 1.5 as long as wide... . . . . 6. evexus, new species
Subgenital plate with a broad median notch apically; second ig hten of hind
tarsus 2.0 to 2.5 as long as wide. .... ately ast ast:
7. Nervellus subvertical, broken at about its lower 0. 35; ital coxa Polen blackish
ordarkbrown.... ..-... && reetus, new species
Nervellus strongly paeccarear Broken at about its lower 0.2; hind coxa ful-
vous, very rarely brownish... . peat 8
8. Second lateral area of propodeum depned! athe its outer age about 1. 9 as
long as its inner side (fig. 187,a), with dense hairs; tegula usually fulvous.
1. crassus, new species
Second lateral area of propodeum usually not defined, the costula being
absent or very incomplete, when defined its outer side only about 1.4 as
long as its inner side (fig. 187,c), its surface with rather sparse hairs; tegula
yellow... . . . 3. emarginalus (Say)
9. Hind coxa iaroelate or dautieoha ‘piseie or ‘plneliehn. SH. Seiichi. at eaites Vor lO
Hind coxa entirely fulvous . ... ike ct oe =a Lill
10. Hind femur ferruginous, or Eoerenss prom ae at nah orice than its tibia;
second segment of hind tarsus about 2.1 as long as wide; apical notch in
subgenital plate about 0.15 as deep as wide; median ibaeiadindl carinae of
propodeum somewhat incurved subbasally (fig. 187,b); front wing 4.5 to
6:5). mms;longeycns) . . . . 2. brunnipes (Cresson)
Hind femur brownish, ae banana fee fora tibia; second segment of hind
tarsus about 2.8 as long as wide; apical notch in subgenital plate about
0.25 as deep as wide; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum straight
(fig. 187,g); front wing 3.5to4.5mm.long... 7. adustus, new species
11. Costula absent or incomplete (fig. 187,d); hairs on hind tibia and tarsus of
normal density and length, those on upper side of hind basitarsus about
0.35 as long as depth of basitarsus. . . . . . 4. occidenmtis, new species
Costula complete and strong (fig. 187,h); hairs on hind tibia and tarsus ex-
ceptionally sparse and long, those on upper side of hind basitarsus about
0.75 as long as depth of basitarsus. . . . . . . 8. propinquus (Cresson)
I. CRASSUS GROUP
Punctures on face rather close and coarse, their interspaces usually
about 0.3 their diameter; costula usually present, at least as a stub
on lateral longitudinal carina; hairs on temple dense or moderately
110 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
dense, regularly spaced; areolet usually narrower than in the podagricus
group, sometimes absent; hind spur of hind tibia rather slender,
together with its fringe of hairs about 4.0 to 5.0 as long as wide; last
segment of hind tarsus of female with or without a small, ventral,
subapical tooth or flange on inner side surmounted by a hair tuft; hairs
on abdominal tergites rather dense and regularly arranged, though the
basal three tergites with glabrous areas medially and the first tergite
often mostly glabrous (fig. 186,f); fourth tergite almost or quite com-
pletely covered with moderately dense, regularly arranged hairs; apical
notch of female subgenital plate usually weaker than in the podagricus
group.
1. Triclistus crassus, new species
Figure 187,a
Front wing 4.4 to 6.3 mm. long; face weakly mat, its punctures
rather coarse, separated by about 0.3 their diameter; temple of male
moderately convex, with dense hairs; metapleurum with 10 to 40 hairs
in male, with 0 to 20 hairs in female; median longitudinal carinae of
propodeum moderately strong, sharp; areola rather regularly pentag-
onal but confluent with basal area, 0.5 as wide as basal area; costula
complete or almost complete, sharp and usually rather strong; outer
side of second lateral area of propodeum about 1.9 as long as inner
side; hairs on second lateral area dense; areolet present; hind spur of
hind tibia about 4.2 as long as wide; second segment of hind tarsus
about 2.2 as long as wide in male, about 2.1 as long as wide in female;
first tergite about 1.45 as long as wide in male, about 1.25 as long as
wide in female, its dorsal carinae extending about 0.53 its length; first
and second tergites a little more coriaceous than in other Nearctic
Triclistus, especially in the male; last segment of hind tarsus of female
with a very small subapical ventral tuft of hairs on inner side; apical
notch of female subgenital plate about 0.15 as deep as wide.
Black. Antenna blackish brown, paler brown below, paling to
stramineous brown basally beneath; apical part of mandible fer-
ruginous; palpi pale brown; tegula fulvous or sometimes pale yellow
tinged with fulvous apically; legs fulvous.
Type: 2, Muddy Pass, Colo., June 17, 1948, H., M., D., and J.
Townes. (Washington, USNM 63627).
Paratypes (171 0’, 402): From Alaska (Anchorage, Berg Bay, Dutch
Harbor in Unalaska, King Salmon on the Naknek River, Mount
McKinley at 1,600 ft., Popoff Island, Sitka, Virgins Bay, and Yaku-
tat); Alberta (Banff, Cochrane, and Lethbridge); Arizona (near
Alpine); British Columbia (Bear Mt., Clinton, Likely, North Bend,
Robson, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria, and Yoho Park); California
(Eureka, Glen Alpine Creek near Tahoe, San Anselmo, Siskiyou Co.,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Bu
and Summit Camp in Lassen Co.); Colorado (Muddy Pass and Phan-
tom Valley in Rocky Mountain National Park at 9,400 ft.); Idaho
(“Cornwall,”’ ‘(Houser Lake,’’ Moscow Mt., and Worley); Manitoba
(Cedar Lake); Michigan (Charlevoix Co., Clinton Co., Grand Tra-
verse Co., Gratiot Co., Kalkaska Co., Leelanau Co., Mecosta Co.,
Midland Co., Montcalm Co., Osceola Co., and Wexford Co.); New
Hampshire (Bretton Woods, carriage road on Mount Washington,
“Glen House,” Jaffrey, and Randolph); New York (‘‘Axton”’ in the
Adirondack Mts., Cliff Mt. at 3,000 ft. in Essex Co., Ithaca, McLean
Reserve in Tompkins Co., “Mt. Ivy,’’ Rock City in Cattaraugus Co.,
and Syracuse); Ontario (Almonte, Brule Lake, Forbes, Jockvale,
Merivale, Ottawa, Sudbury, and Trenton); Oregon (Cannon Beach,
Cascadia, Corvallis, Portland, and Trout Creek Camp in Santiam
Pass in Linn Co.); Prince Edward Island (Alberton); Quebec (Hem-
mingford, Hull, La Trappe, Montreal, Mount Lyall at 1,500 ft.,
Sherbrooke, and Wright); Washington (Bellingham, ‘‘Loon Lake,”’
Spokane, and Swamp Creek in King Co.); Wisconsin (Door Co.);
and Yukon (Dawson).
Nearly all the collection dates are in spring and early summer but
a few are in August. The great majority of specimens seem to have
originated from a single spring and early summer generation. Some
of the August specimens are from far northern localities and seem
still to represent the early season generation, but a few from more
southern localities may have come from a partial second generation.
Early collecting dates and all collecting dates for August are as
follows: April 11 at Portland, Oreg.; April 16 at San Anselmo, Calif.;
April 17 at Eureka, Calif.; April 18 at Corvallis, Oreg.; May 6 at
Bear Mt., B. C.; May 8 at Syracuse and Mt. Ivy, N. Y.; May 9 at
Bellingham, Wash.; May 10 at Vernon, B. C.; May 14 at Forbes,
Ficures 69, 70.—Localities: 69 (left), Triclistus crassus; 70 (right) T. brunnipes.
12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ont.; May 15 in Midland Co., Mich.; August 1 at Mount Washington,
N. H., and at Cornwall, Idaho; August 5 at Vancouver, B. C.; August
10 at 1,600 ft. at Mt. McKinley, Alaska, and at 1,500 ft. at Mount
Lyall, Que.; August 12 at Banff, Alta.; and August 15 at Yoho Park,
BaC.
This species is transcontinental in the Hudsonian and Canadian
zones, and in the cooler part of the Transition zone. Adults occur
mostly from the middle of May to late June.
2. Triclistus brunnipes (Cresson)
Figure 187,b
Exochus brunntpes Cresson, 1878, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, (1878),
p. 374; 9. Type: 2, Nevada (Philadelphia).
Front wing 4.5 to 6.5 mm. long; face distinctly mat, with coarse
punctures that are separated by about 0.4 their diameter; temple of
male moderately convex, with moderately dense hairs; temple of
female almost flat, with moderately dense hairs; metapleurum with
5 to 25 hairs in male, with 0 to 10 hairs in female; median carinae
of propodeum sharp but rather weak; areola rather narrow, confluent
with basal area, about 1.8 as wide as basal area; costula reduced to a
short stub on lateral longitudinal carina; hairs in area of second
lateral area of propodeum moderately dense; areolet present, or some-
times absent; hind spur of hind tibia about 4.7 as long as wide; second
segment of hind tarsus about 2.1 as long as wide in male, about
1.9 as long as wide in female; first tergite about 1.25 as long as wide
in male, about 1.35 as long as wide in female, its dorsal carinae extend-
ing about 0.55 its length; last segment of hind tarsus of female without
a subapical, ventral flange, spine, or tuft of hairs on inner side; apical
part of subgenital plate of female in side view unusually convex, its
median apical notch about 0.15 as deep as wide.
Black. Palpi brown; tegula black to ferruginous; coxae black;
trochanters ferruginous to black; legs beyond femora ferruginous or
sometimes brownish ferruginous, the tarsi a little infuscate and
femora (especially front femur) often blackish basally.
Specimens (106, 299): From Arizona (near Alpine); British
Columbia (Steelhead, Wigwam Inn on Burrard Inlet, and Victoria);
California (Alta Meadow at 9,000 ft. in Sequoia National Park,
“Angora Peak”’ at 8,625 ft., Blanco’s Corral at 10,000 ft. in the White
Mts. of Mono Co., Echo Lake in Eldorado Co., near Glacier Point in
Yosemite National Park, Gold Lake in Sierra Co., Kings River
Canyon in Fresno Co., May Lake at 10,500 ft. in Yosemite National
Park, White Chief near Mineralking at 9,000 ft., Snow Flat at 8,700
ft. in Yosemite National Park, near Sonora Pass at 8,500 ft., and
Upper Echo Lake at 7,400 ft.); Colorado (Cascade Lodge in Rocky
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE ts
Mountain National Park, near Estes Park, Florissant, Lyons, Phantom
Valley at 9,400 ft. in Rocky Mountain National Park, and Westcliffe) ;
Iowa (Sioux City); Manitoba (Churchill and Transcono); Montana
(Lake Co.); Nevada; New Mexico (Jemez Springs); Oregon (Fish
Lake at 7,000 ft. in the Steens Mts. and west side of the Steens Mts.
at 6,000 ft.); Saskatchewan (Roche Percée); Utah (Duchesne River
and Park City); Washington (Elbe); Wyoming (Canyon Camp in
Yellowstone National Park and Jay Em); and Yukon (Whitehorse).
Most collecting dates are in June and July. Early and late collecting
dates of interest are: May 5 at Victoria, B. C.; May 12, 13 and 17 at
Sioux City, Iowa; May 18 in Lake Co., Mont.; May 28 near Alpine,
Ariz.; June 1 at Steelhead, B. C.; August 2 at Cascade Lodge in
Rocky Mountain National Park, Colo.; August 4 at Canyon Camp,
Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.; August 7 at Whitehorse, Yukon;
August 13 at Elbe, Wash.; and September 4 at Wigwam Inn, Burrard
Inlet, B. C.
This species is widespread in the Canadian and Hudsonian zones
in the western half of North America. Adults occur mostly in June
and July.
3. Tricistus emarginalus (Say), new combination
Fiaures 186,f; 187,¢
Ezochus emarginalus Say, 1829, Contrib. Maclurean Lyceum Arts Sci., vol. 1,
p. 76 (Leconte ed., vol. 1, p. 380). Type: Indiana (destroyed).
Exochus fulvipes Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 285; @, 9
(new synonymy). Lectotype: 9, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.3 to 5.7 long; face mat, its punctures of moderate
size, separated by about 0.6 their diameter; male temple moderately
convex, with dense hairs; female temple weakly convex, its hairs
dense and evenly distributed; metapleurum with 0 to 10 hairs;
median longitudinal carinae of propodeum strong but rather blunt;
areola about 1.4 to 1.8 as wide as basal area, with which it is gradually
confluent; costula usually present only as a triangular stub on lateral
longitudinal carina but sometimes almost or quite complete, when
complete weaker than median longitudinal carinae; second lateral
area of propodeum, when defined, with outer side about 1.4 as long
as inner side; hairs in area of second lateral area of propodeum rather
sparse; areolet usually present; hind spur of hind tarsus (including
its hairs) about 4.5 as long as wide; second segment of hind tarsus
about 2.35 as long as wide; first tergite about 1.25 as long as wide,
its dorsal carinae extending about 0.53 its length; last segment of
hind tarsus with a very small to rather large, ventral, subapical
flange or tooth on the inner side that is surmounted by a hair tuft;
notch in apex of subgenital plate about 0.2 as deep as wide.
114 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Black. Antenna brown above, pale brown beneath, stramineous
beneath basally; apical part of mandible ferruginous; palpi stramin-
eous; tegula pale yellow; legs fulvous, the tibiae basally and the tarsi
usually a little paler than the rest of the legs. |
Specimens from west of the 100th meridian tend to have the legs a
little darker fulvous and the costula averaging a little stronger than
in specimens from east of that meridian.
The type of Exochus emarginalus Say is destroyed. Its original
description fits perfectly members of the present species lacking the
areolet. It fits also other species of T’riclistus with similar coloration
and lacking the areolet, but since this species is the commonest in
the type locality, the name is applied here. The lectotype of £.
fulvipes Cresson is peculiar in that the propodeum is entirely without
carinae basad of the apical transverse carina, but agrees in other re-
spects with the present species; it is believed to be an abnormal
individual.
Specimens (4137, 2489): from Alabama (Coleta, Langdale, Mobile,
and Pyriton); Alberta (Edmonton); British Columbia (Steelhead) ;
California (Camino and Chico); Colorado (near Estes Park) ; Connect-
icut (Canterbury, Lebanon, North Stonington, and Wallingford);
Florida; Kansas (Baldwin City and Lawrence) ; Kentucky (Lexington) ;
Maine (Capens and Lincoln Co.); Manitoba (Birch River and Riding
Mt. Park); Maryland (Bowie, Cabin John, Glen Echo, Plummers
Island, Roland Park, Silver Spring, and Takoma Park); Massa-
chusetts (Auburndale, Holliston, Milton, Petersham, Rockport, South
Hadley, and Woods Hole); Michigan (Bay Co., Calhoun Co., Cass
Co., Clare Co., East Lansing, George Reserve in Livingston Co.,
rand Traverse Co., Iosco Co., Isabella Co., Kent Co., Macomb Co.,
Manistee Co., Midland Co., Missaukee Co., Muskegon Co., Oakland
Co., Oceana Co., Osceola Co., Saginaw Co., and St. Clair Co.) ; Missouri
(Kirwood); Minnesota (Newport, Ramsey Co., and Virginia); New
Hampshire (Concord and Pinkham Notch); New Jersey (Essex Co.,
Moorestown, New Brunswick, Riverton, and Summit); New Mexico .
(Jemez Springs at 6,400 ft.); New York (Aurora, Babylon, Barrytown,
Bemus Point, Big Indian Valley in the Catskill Mts., Canton, Canajo-
harie, Corning, Cranberry Lake, East Aurora, Ellis Hollow, Farming-
dale, Ithaca, Lake Sebago in Bear Mt. Park, Lancaster, McLean Re-
serve in Tompkins Co., North Evans, Orient, Poughkeepsie, Sea Cliff,
Shokan, Syracuse, Troy, Van Courtland Park, and West Nyack);
North Carolina (Clingman’s Dome at 6,600 ft., Crabtree Meadows in
Yancey Co. at 3,600 ft., Craggy Gardens in Buncombe Co. at 5,300
ft., Forney Ridge on Andrews Bald in Great Smoky Mountains Na-
tional Park, Hamrick, Highlands, Marshall, Mount Mitchell, Mount
Pisgah at 5,000 to 5,749 ft., Rocky Mount, Southern Pines, Tryon, and
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 115
Wake Co.); Ohio (Akron and Summit Co.); Ontario (Bells Corners,
Brighton, Constance Bay, Ingersoll, Leamington, Macdiarmid on
Lake Nipigon, Ottawa, Stamford, Strathroy, Tweed, Vineland Sta-
tion, and Waubamick); Oregon (Cannon Beach and Gresham); Penn-
sylvania (Allegheny Co., Arendtsville, Enola, Harrisburg, Lehigh Gap,
“New Cumberland,” Philadelphia, Spring Brook, and Westmoreland
Co.); Prince Edward Island (Brackley Beach and Dalvay House, both
in Canadian National Park); Quebec (Aylmer, Burbridge, Cascapedia
River, Clement, Kazubazua, Lac Mercier, Mount Lyall at 1,500 ft.,
and Sainte Agathe des Montes); Rhode Island (Buttonwoods, Hop-
kington, Kingston, and Westerly); South Carolina (Columbia, Green-
ville, Mountain Lake in Greenville Co., and near Tigerville); Vermont
(South Hero); Virginia (‘“Camerons Mills,’”’ Chain Bridge, Charlottes-
ville, Arlington, Falls Church, Galax, Great Falls, Herndon, Rosslyn,
and Vienna); Washington (Ashford, Morton, and Mount Rainier);
West Virginia (Bolivar and Kearneysville); Wisconsin (Columbus,
Madison, and Muskego); and Wyoming (Hoback in Teton Co. at
6,500 ft. and mountains near Sheridan).
Most specimens were collected during June, July, and August, but
there are also many records as early as May 15 and as late as October
15, and a few outside of this range.
Early and late collection dates of interest are April 1 at Kirkwood,
Mo.; April 16 at Takoma Park, Md., and at Southern Pines, N. C.;
April 17 at Vienna, Va.; April 20 in Wake County, N. C.; April 23 at
Wallingford, Conn.; May 9 at Takoma Park, Md; May 10 at Rosslyn,
Va., and at Tryon, N. C.; May 11 at New Cumberland, Pa.; May 13
at Aurora, N. Y.; May 15 at South Hadley, Mass.; May 18 at Akron,
Ohio; Sept. 7 at Ithaca, N. Y.; Oct. 9 at Takoma Park, Md., and at
Bowie, Md.; Oct. 11 at Falls Church, Va.; Oct. 13 at Plummers Island,
Md., and at Highlands, N. C.; Oct. 14 at Morton, Wash.; Oct. 18 at
Ficures 71, 72.—Localities: 71 (left), Triclistus emarginalus; 72 (right), T. occidentts.
116 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Kirkwood, Mo.; Oct. 19 at Charlottesville, Va.; Oct. 20 at Takoma
Park, Md.; and Nov. 7 at Arlington, Va.
Rearing records associated with these specimens are: 9, from
Argyrotaenia velutinana, Arendtsville, Pa., June 5, 1921, S. W. Frost.
39, from Argyrotaenia velutinana, Wallingford, Conn., Apr. 23, 1921,
and May 20 and 23, 1920, B. A. Porter. 2, from Argyrotaenia velutinana,
“Camerons Mills,” Va., Aug. 7, 1900. 49, from Argyrotaenia velutinana,
Kearneysville, W. Va., June and August 1955, D. W. Clancy. 907,
from Anthophila pariana, Wallingford, Conn., June 17, 26, and 28,
1922, and Aug. 6, 7, 14, and 15, 1922, B. A. Porter. o, from Tortriz,
Kirkwood, Mo., Oct. 18, 1881, M. E. Murtfeldt. o, from Tortricidae,
Apr. 2, 1944, W. R. M. Mason collection. 9, from Tetralopha robustella,
July 22, 1934. 9, from Phlyctaenia extricalis, Herndon, Va., August
30, J. F. Strauss. 39, from Tholeria reversalis, Aug. 5, 1890. o, from
Bucculatriz sp. on Solidago, Kirkwood, Mo., May 15, 1885, M. E.
Murdtfelt. of, from larva on Betula alba, Essex County, N. J., July
6, 1902, W. D. Kearfott. 9, from pyralid, C. V. Riley collection.
9, from pyralid on Alnus incana. o, from pyralid pupa, Silver Spring,
Md., May 31, 1938. 9°, from Arundinaria, Mobile, Ala., Dukes collec-
tion. 9, from lepidopterous pupa on grass, Falls Church, Va., June 25,
1918, R. A. Cushman. 29, from skeletonizer larva, Morton, Wash.,
collected Sept. 20, 1954, emerged Oct. 12 and 19, 1954, Carl Johnson.
In our experience, the species occurs mostly in deciduous woods,
flying in semishade and rather low, often over dead leaves or dead
fallen branches. Not infrequently it is the commonest ichneumonid
to be found.
This species is transcontinental in deciduous woods, but it is com-
moner in the East. Adults occur from mid-spring to mid-fall.
4. Triclistus occidentis, new species
Fiaurs 187,d
Male: Not known with certainty.
Female: Front wing 3.3 to 5.5 mm. long; face weakly mat, its
punctures coarse, their interspaces about 0.3 their diameter; temple
weakly convex, its hairs moderately dense, evenly distributed; meta-
pleurum with 0 to 15 hairs; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum
strong but rather blunt; areola narrowly pentagonal, gradually
confluent with basal area; costula present as a stub on lateral longi-
tudinal carina; hairs in area of second lateral area of propodeum
rather sparse; areolet absent, or present; hind.spur of hind tibia
(including its hairs) about 4.9 as long as wide; second segment of hind
tarsus about 2.8 as long as wide; first tergite about 1.30 as long as
wide, its dorsal carinae extending about 0.45 its length; last segment
of hind tarsus without a subapical ventral tooth or tuft of hairs on
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 117
inner side; apical notch of subgenital plate weak, about 0.12 as deep
as wide.
Black. flagellum dark brown, paling to stramineous brown basally
beneath; apical half of mandible mostly ferruginous; palpi stramineous
brown; tegula pale yellow; legs fulvous.
Type: 9, Yosemite Valley, Calif., July 13, 1948, H., M., G., D.,
and J. Townes (Washington, USNM 63628).
Paratypes: 89, same data as type (Townes). 9, Banff, Alta., Sept.
5, 1922, C. B. D. Garrett (Ottawa). 9, Boca, Calif., June 28, 1954,
R. M. Bohart (Davis). 29, Camino, Calif., June 30, 1948, H., M.,
G., and D. Townes (Townes). 9, Donner Pass, Calif., Aug. 1, 1948,
H., M., G., D., and J. Townes (Townes). 9, Sequoia National Park,
“Ash Mt. R,” Apr. 27, 1950, E. I. Schlinger (Davis). 39, Mount
Rainier at 5,000 and 5,700 ft., Wash., July 8 and 9, 1940, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 9, White River, Mount Rainier, Wash., July 20,
1924 (Cambridge).
This species occurs in Alberta, Washington, and California, in the
Hudsonian to Transition zones.
5. Triclistus rectus, new species
Figure 187,e
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 3.7 to 4.7 mm. long; face weakly mat, its
punctures coarse, separated by about 0.3 their diameter; temple
weakly convex, its hairs moderately dense, evenly spaced; meta-
pleurum with 3 to 12 hairs; median longitudinal carinae of pro-
podeum moderately strong and sharp;areola rather narrowly pentag-
onal, broadly confluent with basal area; costula present as a stub on
lateral longitudinal carina; hairs in area of second lateral area of
Ficure 73, 74.—Localities: 73 (left), Triclistus rectus; 74 (right), T. evexus.
118 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
propodeum rather sparse; areolet usually present; nervellus sub-
vertical, broken near its lower 0.35 (nervellus strongly antefurcal and
broken near its lower 0.2 in all the other Neartic species); hind spur
of hind tibia (including its hairs) about 4.4 as long as wide; second
segment of hind tarsus about 2.25 as long as wide; first tergite about
1.15 as long as wide, its dorsal carinae extending only about 0.34 its
length; last segment of hind tarsus with a small, ventral, subapical
tuft of hairs on inner side, surmounting a small tooth or flange; notch
in apex of subgenital plate weak, about 0.12 as deep as wide.
Black. Antenna dark brown, paler beneath, especially basally;
apical half of mandible largely ferruginous; palpi pale brown; tegula
pale yellow; legs fulvous, the coxae ranging from fulvous to dark brown
with paler apices.
Type: 9, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May 7, 1947, H. and
M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63629).
Paratypes: 29, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 20, 1947, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 29, Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May
3 and 8, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Bradley, Calif.,
Apr. 15, 1952, W. H. Lange (Davis). 9, Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mts.,
Calif., May 26, 1939, E. S. Ross (Townes). 9, Ross, Calif., Apr. 25,
1952, H. L. Mathis (Davis).
6. Triclistus evexus, new species
Ficure 187,f
Front wing 5.0 to 6.7 mm. long; face moderately mat, its punctures
coarse, separated by about 0.3 their diameter; temple weakly convex,
its hairs dense and evenly spaced; metapleurum with 8 to 20 hairs in
male, with 0 to 5 hairs in female; median longitudinal carinae of
propodeum very broad and blunt; areola rather wide, very broadly
confluent basally with basal area; costula represented by a stub on
lateral longitudinal carina or complete, when complete weak; second
lateral area of propodeum, when defined, 1.7 as long on its outer side
as on its inner side; hairs on area of second lateral area rather sparse;
areolet usually present; hind spur of hind tibia (including its hairs)
about 4.0 as long as wide; second segment of hind tarsus about 2.1
as long as wide in male, about 1.5 as long as wide in female; first
tergite about 1.18 as long as wide, its dorsal carinae extending about
0.40 its length; last segment of hind tarsus in female with a small,
ventral, subapical tuft of hairs on inner side, surmounting a small
tooth or flange; apex of female subgenital plate parabolically rounded
or somewhat truncate, not distinctly notched.
Black. Antenna brown, paler beneath, especially basally; mandible
ferruginous, fuscous basally; palpi stramineous; tegula pale yellow;
legs fulvous.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 119
Type: 2, Bemus Point, N. Y., July 25, 1937, H. Townes (Wash-
ington, USNM 63630).
Paratypes: 69, Colo., C. F. Baker (Washington and Townes). 9,
Clinton County, Iowa, July 9, 1952, J. C. Schaffner (Washington).
9, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 19, 1948, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
9, Lexington, Mass., June 27, N. Banks (Cambridge). 2367, reared
from Archips cerasivorana, Ramsey County, Minn., July 12 to 25,
1932, C. H. Hoffman (St. Paul, Washington, and Townes). 9, reared
from Acrobasis comptoniella, Keene, N. H., Aug. 8, 1940 (Washing-
ton). 9, Moorestown, N. J., July 26, 1939, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). 9, Ithaca, N. Y., June 2, 1936, H. Townes (Townes). 9,
Syracuse, N. Y., May 30, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). Q,
reared from Archips cerasivorana, Indian Head, Sask., July 11, 1941
(Ottawa).
This species occurs in the Alleghenian fauna.
7. Triclistus adustus, new species
Figure 187,¢
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long; face rather strongly mat,
its punctures small, their interspaces about 1.0 their diameter; temple
almost flat, its hairs dense, evenly spaced; metapleurum with 0 to 5
hairs; median longitudinal carmae of propodeum sharp, straight,
convergent anteriorly; costula completely absent; hairs on area of
second lateral area of propodeum rather dense; areolet present; hind
spur of hind tibia (including its hairs) about 4.5 as long as wide;
second segment of hind tarsus about 2.8 as long as wide; first tergite
about 1.35 as long as wide, its dorsal carinae extending about 0.47
its length; last segment of hind tarsus without a subapical ventral
2 eabsas |
ams Ay
Ficures 75, 76.—Localities: 75 (left), Triclistus adustus; 76 (right), T. propinquus.
451582—59—_9
120 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
tooth or tuft of hairs on inner side; apical notch of subgenital plate
about 0.25 as deep as wide.
Black. Antenna dark brown, paler basally beneath; apical half of
mandible reddish brown; palpi stramineous; tegula pale yellow, often
partly tinged with fulvous, legs dark to medium brown, the tibiae and
tarsi pale brown.
Type: 9, Dardanelle, Calif., July 8, 1948, H., M., G., D., and J.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63631).
Paratypes: 9, foothills west of Fort Collins, Colo., June 20, 1896,
C. F. Baker (Washington). 9, ‘‘Forresters at 8,500 ft.,”’ Colo., July
19, 1895, C. F. Baker (Washington). 92, Seaside, Oreg., Aug. 7, 1940,
H. and M. Townes (Townes).
8. Triclistus propinquus (Cresson)
Figure 187,h
Exochus propinquus Cresson, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 114; @&, 9.
Lectotype: 2, Connecticut (Philadelphia).
Male: Not known with certainty.
Female: Front wing 5.3 to 6.6 mm. long; face rather strongly mat,
its punctures moderately coarse, their interspaces about 0.3 their
diameter; temple flat, its hairs rather long and sparse, evenly spaced;
last segment of maxillary palpus about 4.5 as long as wide (which is a
little longer than usual for the genus); metapleurum with 0 to 5 hairs;
median longitudinal carinae of propodeum heavy; areola elongate
pentagonal, narrowly confluent with basal area or separated from
basal area by approximation of the median longitudinal carinae;
costula complete, always as strong as median longitudinal carinae;
hairs on second lateral area of propodeum rather sparse; areolet
usually absent; hairs on hind tibia and tarsus definitely sparser and
longer than in other Nearctic species of Triclistus, the hairs on upper
side of hind basitarsus about 0.75 as long as depth of the basitarsus
(about 0.35 as long as depth of the basitarsus in the other Nearctic
species) ; hind spur of hind tibia (including its hairs) about 4.8 as long
as wide; second segment of hind tarsus about 2.8 as long as wide;
first tergite about 1.35 as long as wide, its dorsal carinae extending
about 0.54 its length; last segment of hind tarsus without a subapical
ventral projection or tuft of hairs on inner side; apical notch of sub-
genital plate about 0.15 as deep as wide.
Black. Antenna dark brown, paler below, especially basally;
apical half of mandible ferruginous; palpi pale stramineous; tegula
pale yellow; legs fulvous.
Specimens: 9, Coleta, Ala., H. H. Smith (Washington). 9 (type),
Conn. (Philadelphia). 9, Neel Gap, Rabun Co., Ga., May 22, 1946,
P. W. Fattig (Washington). 39, Takoma Park, Md., May 24, 1942,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 121
June 13, 1942, and June 13, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
9, Sanilac Co., Mich., May 30, 1952, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach).
49, Ithaca, N. Y., May 23, 1936, and June 2 and 6, 1936, H. Townes
(Townes). 9, West Nyack, N. Y., June 5, 1938, A. L. Melander
(Cambridge). 29, North Fork of Swannanoa River, Black Mts.,
N. C., May, N. Banks (Cambridge). 9, Akron, Ohio, May 18, 1941,
H. Townes (Townes). 9, Columbus, Ohio, May 19, 1941, G. R.
Ferguson (Corvallis). 69, Spring Brook, Pa., May 22 and 25, 1945,
and June 8, 12, and 13, 1945, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Dayton, Va.,
June 13, 1931 (Pittsburgh). 9, June 19, 1895 (Ottawa).
This species occurs in deciduous woods in the East. Adults have
been collected from May 22 to June 19.
II. PODAGRICUS GROUP
Punctures on face usually rather fine and distant, their interspaces
usually about 0.4 to 0.8 their diameter; costula completely absent;
hairs on temple dense to sparse, often with irregular spacing that
leaves small glabrous areas medially (fig. 187,1); areolet usually
wider than in crassus group, always present; hind spur of hind tibia
rather short and stout, together with its fringes about 0.28 to 0.38 as
long as wide; last segment of hind tarsus of female with a small,
ventral, subapical, tooth or flange on inner side that is surmounted
by a hair tuft; hairs on abdominal tergites of male dense to sparse,
more or less regularly arranged but the basal tergites glabrous medially
and first tergite mostly glabrous; hairs on abdominal tergites of
female always sparse, the tergites always glabrous or subglabrous
medially but often with numerous hairs laterally, the fourth tergite
always with its median third glabrous or with a very few scattered
hairs (figs. 186,g,h); apical notch of female subgenital plate strong.
We have species of this group from Madagascar (including T.
traditor Seyrig and T. inimicus Seyrig), Eurasia, Japan, Formosa,
South America, and there are the three Nearctic species treated
below.
9. Triclistus chosis, new species
Ficures 186,g; 187,i,1
Male: Not known with certainty.
Female: Front wing 5.0 to 6.1 mm. long; face mat, its punctures
moderately coarse, their interspaces about 0.4 their diameter; temple
flat, its hairs long, rather dense next to eye and occipital carina,
elsewhere sparse and scattered; metapleurum with 0 to 7 hairs; median
longitudinal carinae of propodeum very wide but not sharp, widely
spaced, subparallel but somewhat convergent subbasally; hairs on
area of second lateral area of propodeum sparse; median apical area
of propodeum about 0.33 as long as wide; hind spur of hind tibia about
122 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Figures 77, 78.—Localities: 77 (left), Triclistus chosis, 78; right, T. podagricus.
3.5 as long as wide; second segment of hind tarsus about 2.4 as long as
wide; first tergite about 1.2 as long as wide, its dorsal carinae extending
about 0.55 its length; hairs on abdominal tergites rather long, present
on the following areas: apical lateral part of first tergite, second tergite
except for median 0.3, third and fourth tergites except for large median
area which is narrow basally and broad apically, and fifth tergite later-
ally; apical notch in subgenital plate about 0.45 as deep as wide.
Black. Mandible light brown, blackish basally; palpi stramineous;
antenna brown, darker apically and paler basally beneath; tegula pale
yellow, tinged with fulvous apically; legs fulvoferruginous.
Type: 9, Takoma Park, Md., June 20, 1943, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63632).
Paratypes: 29, Georgetown, D. C., H. H. Smith (Washington). 9,
Washington, D. C., October 1922, E. A. Schwartz (Washington). 9,
Bowie, Md., July 26, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 92, Cabin
John, Md., Aug. 4, 1917, Fouts (Washington). 29, Plummers Island,
Md., Aug. 8 and 25, 1943, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). 9, Plummers
Island, Md., Sept. 12, 1912, H. S. Barber (Washington). 59, Takoma
Park, Md., Aug. 3, 12, 22, and 26, 1943, and Sept. 10, 1943, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 9°, Arnold Arboretum, Boston, Mass., July 23,
1921, Harold Morrison (Washington). 9°, reared from Desma funeralis,
Wakefield, Mass., July 5, 1932 (Washington). 29, Moorestown,
N.J., July 23, 1939, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Elmira, N. Y.,
Aug. 4, 1937, H. Townes (Townes). ¢, Ottawa, Ont., July 26, 1947,
W.R. M. Mason (Ottawa). 9, Harrisburg, Pa., June 28, 1908, P.. R.
Myers (Washington). 9, reared from Sylepta obscuralis, Arlington,
Va., June 1921 (Washington). 9, ‘““Pimmit Run,’ Va., Sept. 6, 1908,
F. Knab (Washington). 9, Virginia, August 1939 (Townes).
©; This species occurs in the Carolinian fauna. Adults have been
collected from June 20 to September 12.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 123
10. Triclistus podagricus (Gravenhorst)
Figure 170,a
Exochus podagricus Gravenhorst, 1829, Ichneumologia europaea, vol. 2, p.336;07,?.
Lectotype (hereby designated): ?, without locality data but presumably
from either Paris or Sickershausen (Wroclaw).
Front wing 3.8 to 4.7 mm. long; face rather strongly mat, its
punctures small and separated by about 0.8 their diameter; temple of
male moderately convex, its hairs moderately dense, evenly spaced;
temple of female weakly convex, a little more bulging above than in
T. pallipes; hairs on temple moderately long, rather sparse, and evenly
spaced; metapleurum of male with 0 to 12 hairs, of female with no
hairs; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum sharp, somewhat
divergent at position of costula (which is absent) and convergent
subbasally; hairs in area of second lateral area of propodeum rather
dense; median apical area of propodeum about 0.50 as long as wide;
hind spur of hind tibia about 3.0 as long as wide; second segment
of hind tarsus about 3.1 as long as wide in male, about 2.7 as long as
wide in female; first tergite about 1.5 as long as wide, its dorsal carinae
extending about 0.50 its length; male with first five tergites bare on
apical 0.2-++, on base and center of first tergite, and on median part of
second tergite, the rest with rather evenly spaced hairs of moderate
length; tergites of female with hairs about as in female of 7. pallipes
but with bare central area of third and fourth tergites somewhat less
extensive; apical notch of female subgenital plate about 0.4 as deep as
wide.
Black. Antenna brown, paler basally beneath; mandible dark
brown, blackish basally; palpi light brown; tegula pale fulvous; legs
brownish fulvous, the hind coxa dark brown except apically and the
middle coxa more or less brownish. The femora are a little darker
than the tibiae. Sometimes the bind femur is distinctly infuscate.
In specimens from Europe the legs, mouth parts, and tegula average
a little darker than in specimens from North America.
Specimens: 9, Skagway, Alaska, May 22, 1923, J. A. Kusche (San
Francisco). o', White Pass Trail, Skagway, Alaska, May 5, 1923,
J. A. Kusche (San Francsico). o, Edmonton, Alta., Apr. 21, 1943,
W. R. M. Mason (Ottawa). 9, Moscow Mt., Idaho, June 17, A. L.
Melander (Cambridge). 92, Kentville, N. S., June 3, 1924, R. P.
Gorham (Ottawa). 9, Almonte, Ont., May 19, 1941, G. S. Walley
(Ottawa). 9, Kazubazua, Que., May 28, 1933, G.S. Walley (Ottawa).
9, Sydney, N.S., “*8-6-01” (Ottawa). 39, Saskatoon, Sask., May 16,
1924, Kenneth M. King (Ottawa). 39, no data (Ottawa). 307, 39
from Ireland, Sweden, and Belgium (Townes).
124 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
This species is transcontinental in the Canadian zone and it occurs
also in northern Europe. Most specimens have been collected in
spring.
11. Triclistus pallipes Holmgren
Ficures 186,h; 187,j
Triclistus pallipes Holmgren, 1873, Ofvers. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Forh.,
vol. 30, p.59; 9. Types: 9? 9, ‘‘Wermelandia et Norvegia”’ (Stockholm).
Exochus pygmaeus Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p.
285; “f= (new synonymy). Type: 9, Illinois (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.4 to 5.6 mm. long; face rather strongly mat, its punc-
tures small, their interspaces about 0.8 their diameters; temple of male
moderately convex, its hairs moderately dense, evenly spaced; temple
of female almost flat and above not bulging as in T. podagricus, its
hairs numerous next to eye and occipital carina, elsewhere sparse and
irregularly spaced, absent in median areas; metapleurum of male with
1 to 15 hairs, of female with 0 to 3 hairs; median longitudinal carinae
of propodeum sharp but not particularly strong, divergent at position
of costula (which is absent), convergent subbasally; hairs on area of
second lateral area of propodeum sparse; median apical area of propo-
deum about 0.50 as long as wide; hind spur of hind tibia about 3.0
as long as wide; second segment of hind tarsus about 3.1 as long as
wide in male, about 2.7 as long as wide in female; first tergite unusually
convex, about 1.5 as long as wide in male, about 1.6 as long as wide in
female, its dorsal carinae extending about 0.50 its length; tergites of
male medially bare on the basal 4 tergites, laterally with rather long
hairs, the hairs progressively more numerous toward apical tergites,
beyond fourth or fifth tergite without median hairless area; tergites
of female bare, laterally with scattered short hairs which are progres-
sively more numerous towards apex of abdomen, and often with a
very few discal hairs; apical notch of female subgenital plate about
0.4 as deep as wide.
Bed okey
uy a LA
ay
ni
Ey
\ oe fee mS
Figure 79.—Localities for
Triclistus pallipes.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 125
Black. Antenna brown, darker apically and stramineous basally
beneath; mandible brown, infuscate at base; palpi stramincous; tegula
yellow; legs fulvous.
Specimens (20<, 1299): From Alabama (Pyriton); Alaska (King
Salmon on the Naknek River, Matanuska, Mile 149 on Richardson
Highway, and Skagway); Alberta (Banff, Edmonton, Norquay
Meadows near Banff at 5,000 to 6,000 ft., and Slave Lake); British
Columbia (Canim Lake, Carbonate on the Columbia River at 2,600
ft., Kaslo, Robson, and Field in the Rocky Mts. at 4,800 ft.); Cali-
fornia (Carmel, ‘Mirror Lake at 4,096 ft.,”’ and Summit Lake in
Shasta Co.); Colorado (near Estes Park, Phantom Valley in Rocky
Mountain National Park at 9,400 ft., and Pingree Park); District of
Columbia (Georgetown); Georgia (Athens and Atlanta); Idaho
(Moscow Mt.); Kansas (Onaga); Maine (Eastport, Fort Kent, and
“Pittston’”’); Maryland (Bowie, Cabin John, Glen Echo, and
Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Blue Hills, Chester, Milton, Nan-
tucket, and Wellesley); Michigan (Alger County, Cheboygan Co.,
Delta Co., Dickinson Co., Houghton Co., Isle Royale, Luce Co.,
Marquette Co., and Nottawa); New Hampshire (Cornish, Hanover,
and Mount Washington); New Jersey (Lakehurst and Moorestown) ;
New York (Flatbush, Ithaca, Onondaga Co., Poughkeepsie, Shokan,
Spring Lake in Cayuga Co., and Wilmington); North Carolina (Nan-
tahala Gorge at 2,000 ft. and Willard); Nova Scotia (Baddeck, Grand
River, and Ingonish); Ohio (Delaware Co. and Stubenville) ; Ontario
(Ottawa); Oregon (McMinnville); Pennsylvania (Lawrence, North
Kast, Spring Brook, and Wetzel’s Swamp near Harrisburg); Quebec
(Knowlton); Rhode Island (Ashaway and Westerly); South Carolina
(McClellanville) ; Vermont (Dummerston) ; Virginia (Rosslyn) ; Wash-
ington (Ashford and Mount Rainier at 2,700 ft.) ; Yukon (Whitehorse) ;
Scotland; Ireland; Japan; and Formosa.
Most of the collection dates are from late in May to late in August.
Some extreme dates are: April 10 at Carmel, Calif.; May 12 at Edmon-
ton, Alta.; May 19 at McClellanville, S. C.; May 23 at Ithaca, N. Y.;
May 27 at Chester, Mass.; May 28 at Takoma Park, Md.; May 29 at
Ottawa, Ont.; August 23 at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; August 25 in Delta
County, Mich.; August 26 in Marquette County, Mich., and at
Takoma Park, Md.; August 28 at Glen Echo, Md.;and October 6
at Matanuska, Alaska.
There are two reared specimens as follows: 9, from Acleris variana,
Grand River, N. S., June 6, 1932, M. L. Prebble. 9, from Lobesia
viteana, North East, Pa., 1916.
This species is Holarctic. In North America it ranges from the
Canadian to the lower Austral zone. Adults occur from late spring
to late summer. Females are much commoner than males.
126 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
12. Triclistus melanocephalus (Cameron), new combination
FiaureE 187,k
Exochus melanocephalus Cameron, 1886, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta,
Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 280; “= 9. Type: 2, Northern Sonora, Mexico
(London).
Triclistus thoracicus Ashmead, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 201;
? (new synonymy). Type: 9, Dixie Landing, Va. (Washington).
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 4.5 to 6.3 mm. long; face rather strongly mat,
its punctures rather small, their interspaces about 0.6 their diameters;
temple almost flat, its hairs numerous next to eye and occipital carina,
medially very sparse or absent in some areas; metapleurum without
hairs; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum absent except for
basal and apical pairs of short stubs; hairs on area of second lateral
area of propodeum sparse; median apical area of propodeum about
0.45 as long as wide; hind spur of hind tibia about 3.0 as long as wide
(including hairs); second segment of hind tarsus about 2.7 as long as
wide; first tergite unusually flat, about 1.4 as long as wide, its dorsal
carinae extending about 0.30 its length; tergites without hairs except
laterally, the number of hairs per tergite increasing towards the pos-
terior tergites; apical notch of subgenital plate about 0.3 as deep as
wide.
Head blackish; body ferruginous. Face usually more or less
ferruginous; antenna ferruginous brown, paler basally and below;
mandible brownish ferruginous, a little infuscate basally; palpi and
tegula pale yellow; legs fulvous; abdomen sometimes infuscate
apically.
Specimens: 9, Madera Canyon at 5,600 ft., Santa Rita Mts., Ariz.,
Aug. 14, 1949 (Townes). 9, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 20, 1947,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). 29, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz.,
May 2 and 7, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 29, Plummers
Island, Md., June 22 to 23, 1912, and Sept. 2, 1912, H. S. Barber
(Washington). 9, Clare Co., Mich., July 3, 1938, R. R. Dreisbach
(Washington). 9, Livingston Co., Mich., Aug. 28, 1950, R. R.
Dreisbach (Dreisbach). 29, Moorestown, N. J., July 23, 1939, and
Aug. 2, 1939, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 29, Big Indian Valley,
Catskill Mts., N. Y., July 31, 1905, and Aug. 8, 1905, R. F. Pearsall
(New York). 9, Wake Co., N. C., June 12, 1951, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). ¢, Crystal Beach, Madoc, Ont., July 26, 1951, A. P.
Arthur (Martin). 29, Thunder Bay Beach, Ont., June 1943 and July
1943, H. S. Parish (Townes). 29, West Chester, Pa., July 8, 1902,
J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 29, Kirks Ferry, Que., Aug. 15, 1950, B. P.
Beirne (Ottawa). 29, Knowlton, Que., July 11 and 28, 1936, G. S.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 127
eh
a ¢
SS
RON T 7 &)
Ficure 80.—Localities for
Triclistus Melanocephalus.
Walley (Ottawa). 9°, Westerly, R. I., Sept. 6, 1936, M. Chapman
(Townes). 9, Rapid Canyon, S. Dak., Aug. 4, 1924 (Washington).
9, Chain Bridge, Va., Sept. 18, 1921, J. R. Malloch (Washington).
9, near Plummers Island in Maryland, Va., July 9, 1923, H. S. Barber
(Washington). 9, Skyline Drive, Va., Aug. 6, 1945, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 9, Polk Co., Wis., July (Washington). 9,
Sawyer Co., Wis., Aug. 1 to 8, 1937, D. Murray (St. Paul).
This species occurs in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas, in
the mountains of Arizona, and in Northern Mexico.
8. Genus Colpotrochia
Ficure 171,a
Front wing 5.5 to 14 mm. long. Differs from T7iclistus as stated in
couplet 10 of the key to genera (p.7). Typical species of Colpotrochia
are easy to distinguish, as they have the temple very narrow and
sloping, the propodeum almost smooth and weakly convex, the first
tergite long and slender, and the abdomen banded with yellow. A
few of the exotic species of the subgenus Scallama, however, are rather
intermediate to Triclistus and need a careful application of the key
characters for distinguishing them from T7iclistus.
Colpotrochia is almost worldwide in distribution. Most of the
species are tropical. The usual habitat is rank, shaded shrubbery.
There are four species in eastern Nearctic America.
The subgenera of Colpotrochia are separated by the following key:
1. Nervellus strongly antefurcal (with its front end nearer the wing base than its
hind end); areolet present. (Not Nearctic.) 1. Sealiama
Nervellus vertical or postfurcal (with its front end farther from wing base
than its hind end); areolet present or absent. 2. Colpotrochia
128 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
1. Subgenus Scallama
Scallama Cameron, 1899, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc., vol. 43, p.
216. Type: Scallama trilineata Cameron; designated by Morley, 1913.
Colpotrochioides Uchida, 1930, Journ. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Univ., vol. 25, p. 263.
Type: Colpotrochioides orientalis Uchida; original designation.
Areolet present; nervellus strongly antefurcal, broken far below
the middle; lateral carina of propodeum present; third lateral area of
propodeum usually defined; propodeal spiracle subcircular to long
oval; first tergite 1.25 to 1.8 as long as wide; epipleura of second ter-
gite about 4 to 7 times as long as wide; female subgenital plate rather
narrowly triangular, somewhat convex with the apex truncate and
medially notched.
This subgenus is somewhat transitional to Triclistus, having some
of the characteristics of Triclistus in its venation, epipleura, female
subgenital plate, and a tendency toward areolation of the propodeum.
One Chilean species of Scallama (unidentified) has the propodeum
rather completely areolated.
Scallama occurs in Chile, New Guinea, the mountains of Burma
and of the Philippines, and in China and Korea. The described
species referable to it, besides the genotype from Burma, are Colpo-
trochioides fasciatus Uchida 1940, from China, Colpotrochioides orientalis
Uchida 1930, from Japan and Korea, Colpotrochioides kurisuei Uchida
1930, from Korea, Colpotrochioides flavus Uchida 1931, from Japan,
and Alomya petiolaris Spinola 1851, from Chile. These five are new
combinations in Scallama.
2. Subgenus Colpotrochia
Colpotrochia Holmgren, 1856, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 3, vol. 42, p.
80. Type: Jchneumon elegantulus Schrank; monobasic.
Alcocerus Foerster, 1868, Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, vol. 25, p. 161. Type:
Tryphon? trifasciatus Cresson; included by Davis, 1897.
Exochoides Cresson, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 37. Type: Exochoides
mexicana Cresson; designated by Viereck, 1914.
Ischyrocnemopsis Ashmead, 1900, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 81. Type:
Exochoides texana Cresson; original designation.
Aithris Cameron, 1900, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc., vol. 44, p. 106;
new synonymy. Type: Azthris coenutus Cameron; monobasic.
Inoresa Cameron, 1909, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 19, p. 724. Type:
Inoresa pilosa Cameron; monobasic.
Areolet present or absent; nervellus vertical or postfurcal, broken
near the middle; lateral carina of propodeum present or absent; third
lateral area of propodeum not completely defined; propodeal spiracle
long oval; first tergite 1.5 to 3.0 as long as wide; epipleurum of second
tergite about 1.3 to 7 times as long as wide; female subgenital plate
scoop-shaped or triangular.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 129
This subgenus is Holarctic, Neotropic, and Oriental. It contains
two species groups, as defined in the key and descriptions below.
Key to the species groups and to the Nearctic species of the subgenus
Colpotrochia
1. Lateral carina of propodeum entirely absent; epipleurum of second tergite less
than 0.4 as wide as the tergite, its inner margin rather straight. TEXANA
GROUP < so «/ - 6s: ee es
Lateral carina of prepodcrn preenis nately eomplees peiplearit of second
tergite more than 0.35 as wide as the tergite, its inner margin strongly bowed.
ELEGANTULA GROUP... . PEEVE Fei och
2. Areolet present; nervellus posteurenl: hind fame melee pineiieh behind and
often alsoinfront. .. . . . . . . «1. texana (Cresson)
Areolet absent; nervellus Serica find felon black, yellow at base and apex.
2. crassipes (Provancher)
3. Hind femur yellow; thorax mostly yellow; areolet present.
3. fultoni, new species
Hind femur black; thorax mostly black; areolet absent.
4. trifasciata (Cresson)
I. TEXANA GROUP
Areolet present except in the Nearctic C. crassipes and the Mexican
C. concinnus Cresson 1868; nervellus postfurcal or vertical; lateral
carina of propodeum entirely lacking; epipleurum of second tergite
relatively narrow with its inner margin rather straight, ranging from
about 0.1 to 0.4 as wide as its tergite; female subgenital plate tri-
angular and weakly convex to scooplike (strongly convex).
The terana group includes a number of Neotropic species and two
Nearctic species.
1. Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia) texana (Cresson)
Exochodes (!) terana Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 167; o&.
Type: o&. Comal County, Tex. (Philadelphia).
Ischyrocnemis carolina Ashmead, 1890, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, p. 443; &.
Type: o&, North Carolina (Washington).
Front wing 6.5 to 7.0 mm. long; areolet present; nervellus distinctly
postfurcal, broken a little above the middle; dorsal carinae of first
tergite not distinct; epipleurum of second tergite narrow, about 7 times
as long as wide; female subgenital plate scoop-shaped.
Black. Scape, pedicel, mouth parts, tegula, scutellum, postscutel-
lum, and front and middle legs, yellow, the legs in part somewhat
tinged with orange. Pronotum except for a subdorsal spot, propleura,
lateral edge of mesoscutum, side of scutellum and postscutellum, upper
edge of mesopleurum, mesopleurum next its coxa, mesepimeron, meta-
pleurum below and posteriorly, propodeum except for a pair of dorsal
basal spots, hind leg except for blackish or infuscate areas of variable
extent on front and back of coxa and femur and brownish base and
130 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficures 81, 82.—Localities: 81 (left), Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia) texana; 82 (right), C.
(C.) crassipes.
apical part of tibia, first tergite except for a black band centered just
beyond spiracle, apical 0.35 of second and third tergites, apical 0.25-+
of fourth through sixth tergites, and all of the following segments,
yellowish, orange yellow, or brownish yellow. Flagellum yellowish
brown, darker apically. Wings tinged with yellowish brown, the front
wing beyond the areolet with an indistinct infuscate spot. Veins
brown, the stigma light brown. Specimens from Florida have the
wings a little darker and with more of an orange cast than specimens
from Brazil or from other parts of the United States.
Specimens: 9, Atlanta, Ga., July 2, 1942, P. W. Fattig (Washington).
9, Savannah, Ga., Mar. 17, 1950, H. Townes (Townes). o, Matheson
Hammock, Miami, Fla., Apr. 11, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
2, Orlando, Fla., January 1930, D. J. Nicholson (Washington). 29,
Orlando, Fla., Apr. 26, 1930, A. L. Melander (Cambridge). ,
Orlando, Fla., Apr. 29, 1942, D. F. Berry (Ottawa). 2, 19, Para-
dise Key, Fla., Apr. 6 and 12, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
o', Polk Co., Fla., Mar. 31, 1930, L. E. Bryde (Townes). 36, Tarpon
Springs, Fla., Mar. 20 and 21, 1950, and Dec. 12, 1949, H. Townes
(Townes). 9, Raleigh, N. C., June 8, 1923, C. S. Brimley (Wash-
ington). o (type of carolina), North Carolina (Washington). ,
Greenville, S. C., Aug. 28, 1955, G. and L. Townes (Townes). ,
Greenville, S. C., Oct. 10, 1941, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 39,
McClellanville, S. C., May 18, 14, and 15, 1944, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). o (type of texana), Comal Co., Tex. (Philadelphia). 267,
19, Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brazil, January 1955 and May
15, 1939, Fritz Plaumann (Townes).
We found the species flying among low tangled vines, weeds, and
grass around the edges of open places, sometimes in partial shade.
This species is in the Austroriparian and Tropical faunas of the
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 131
eastern States and occurs locally in the warmer parts of the Carolinian
fauna. It is known also from southern Brazil. Adults seem to occur
throughout the growing season.
2. Colpotrochia (Co!potrochia) crassipes (Provancher)
Cteniscus crassipes Provancher, 1886, Additions et corrections au volume 1 de la
faune entomologique du Canada traitent des hyménopterés, p. 109; 9.
Type: @, Toronto, Ont. (lost).
Front wing 5.5 to 7.8 mm. long; areolet absent; nervellus faintly
postfureal, broken a little below the middle; dorsal carinae of first
tergite moderately distinct, extending a little beyond the spiracle;
epipleurum of second tergite about 2.5 as long as wide; female sub-
genital plate weakly convex, very broadly triangular, with a broadly
obtuse median point.
Black. Scape, pedicel, mouth parts, collar, broad upper part of
pronotum, usually the front and lower edges of pronotum and adjacent
propleurum, tegula, sublateral edge of mesoscutum, scutellum, post-
scutellum, area between postscutellum and hind wing, axilla of hind
wing, propodeum except for basal margin, front and middle legs except
sometimes for dorsal blackish blotches on their femora (especially in
females), hind coxa except for more or less of the front and back, hind
trochanters and tarsus, hind femur except basally and apically and in
males sometimes below, hind tibia except for apical 0.3, first abdominal
segment, apical half of second and third tergites, apical 0.3+ of fourth
tergite, apical 0.25+ of fifth tergite, and all of the following segments,
yellow. Flagellum yellowish brown, darker apically. Wings faintly
tinged with brown, their veins and stigma brown.
Specimens (8367, 502): From Connecticut (Woodstock); Georgia
(Atlanta); Maine (Dryden); Maryland (Bowie, Cabin John, Glen
Echo, Laurel, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park); Michigan (George
Reserve in Livingston Co.); New Hampshire (Randolph); New
Jersey (Moorestown and Princeton); New York (Boston, Dover,
Hancock, Ithaca, New Rochelle, and Poughkeepsie); North Carolina
(Crabtree Meadows at 3,600 ft. in Yancey Co., Hamrick, Lake Toxa-
way, Mount Mitchell, Southern Pines, and Wake Co.); Ohio (Bedford
and Greene Co.); Pennsylvania (Lehigh Gap, Slippery Rock, Spring
Brook, and Stillwater); South Carolina (Columbia and Greenville) ;
Tennessee (four localities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
as follows: Chimneys, Elkmont, Ramsey Cascades Trail, and state
road to Newfound Gap at 3,500 ft.); Virginia (Arlmgton, Dunn
Loring, Falls Church, Galax, and Skyline Drive); West Virginia
(Bolivar); and Wisconsin (Washington Co.). The type was from
Toronto, Ont.
132 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
The great majority of collecting dates are in July and August, but a
substantial number are in the last half of June and the first half of
September.
Noteworthy early and late seasonal records are: June 10 at Moores-
town, N. J.; June 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, and 25 at Takoma Park, Md.;
June 24 at Bowie, Md.; September 19 at Princeton, N. J.; September
22 at Arlington, Va., and at Takoma Park, Md.; September 25 at
Bolivar, W. Va.; October 9 at Greenville, S. C.; and October 31 at
Southern Pines, N. C.
We have found the species common in deciduous woods in most
Carolinian fauna localities. Sometimes it and Colpotrochia trifasciata
are common in the same woods, but often they are not. Observations
indicate that the present species flies higher in the underbrush than
does C. trifasciata.
This species is in the Carolinian fauna, where it frequents the
underbrush of deciduous woods. Adults occur mostly in July and
August.
II. ELEGANTULA GROUP
Areolet absent except in C. fultoni; nervellus vertical; lateral carina
of propodeum present, usually complete; epipleura of second tergite
relatively broad with the inner margin strongly bowed, more than
0.35 as wide as the tergite and usually meeting or overlapping medi-
ally; female subgenital plate scooplike (strongly convex).
The elegantula group includes two Nearctic species and a number of
others from the Neotropics and the Old World. Besides the two
Nearctic species treated below, this species group contains I[chneumon
elegantulus Schrank 1781 from Eurasia, Colpotrochia nipponensis
Uchida 1930 from Japan, Exochoides mexicana Cresson 1868, from
Mexico, and Colpotrochia pilosa Cameron 1909 from the Oriental re-
gion. There are also a number of undescribed species.
3. Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia) fultoni, new species
Front wing 8.2 to 9.0 mm. long; areolet present; nervellus vertical,
broken a very little below the middle; lateral carina of propodeum
distinct, but thick and low; dorsal carinae of first tergite rather sharp,
fading out well beyond the spiracle; subgenital plate scoop-shaped.
Yellow. Head, three broad stripes on mesoscutum coalescing in
front of scutellum, subdorsal spot on side of pronotum, posterodorsal
area on mesopleurum, sometimes triangular spot above and a short
stripe below position of sternaulus, and subbasal transverse bands on
third to fifth tergites, black. The interantennal lamella is narrowly
bordered with yellow. Flagellum brown, reddish below; base of hind
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 133
Ficures 83, 84.—Localities: 83 (left), Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia) fultoni; 84 (right),
C. (C.) trifasciata.
tibia tinged with brown; first tergite often with a subapical brown
spot; second tergite with an antemedial brown area; wings tinged with
yellowish brown; veins brown; stigma yellowish brown.
Type: 9, Wallace, N. C., June 17, 1949, H. Townes (Washington,
USNM 63633).
Paratypes: 9, McClellanville, S. C., May 16, 1944, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 9, Westmoreland State Park, Westmoreland Co.,
Va., July 8, 1951, K. V. Krombein (Townes).
The two specimens collected by the authors were taken flying over
dense, unshaded, waist high to shoulder high vines and bushes. The
type was collected while on a trip with Dr. B. F. Fulton, and is named
fultoni in recognition of his many contributions to the study of insects.
4. Colpotrechia (Colpotrochia) trifasciata (Cresson)
Tryphon? trifasciatus Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 276;
o. Type: o, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Front wing 6.0 to 7.5 mm. long; areolet absent; nervellus vertical,
broken a little below the middle; lateral carina of propodeum moder-
ately strong, complete; dorsal carinae of first tergite rather sharp,
extending beyond the spiracle; subgenital plate scoop-shaped.
Black. Scape except for an external fuscous stripe, pedicel below
and mesally, palpi, tegula, scutellum, postscutellum, usually a trans-
verse blotch of variable size on propodeum, front and middle legs of
male except for more or less of their coxae basally and sometimes for
fuscous areas on femora, front coxa of female below, front trochanter
of female except sometimes for blackish area posterodorsally, front
femur of female except for posterodorsal blackish blotch, front and
middle tibiae and tarsi of female, apex of middle coxa of female,
134 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
middle trochanter of female except sometimes for posterodorsal
fuscous mark, middle femur of female at base and on most of under
side and apical third, hind trochanter except sometimes for fuscous
marks in female, base of hind femur, hind tibia except for blackish
base and brownish apex, hind tarsus, apical 0.3+, 0.5+, and 0.4+ of
first three tergites, respectively, and often apical margin of fourth
tergite (especially in males), yellow. In males the hind coxa and
femur are often largely yellow. Wings subhyaline, their veins and
stigma dark brown.
Specimens (1380, 849): From Alabama (Pyriton); Connecticut
(Lebanon and Voluntown); District of Columbia (Georgetown) ;
Georgia (Atlanta); Kansas (Lawrence); Kentucky (Lexington);
Maine (“Jackson”); Maryland (Beltsville, Glen Echo, Plummers
Island, Ruxton, and Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Woods Hole);
Michigan (Ann Arbor, Benton Harbor, Dickinson Co., East Lansing,
George Reserve in Livingston Co., Hart, Iosco Co., Midland Co.,
Munroe Co., and St. Joseph); Minnesota (Wabasha); Missouri (Noel
and Warrenton); New Hampshire (Franconia); New Jersey (Fort
Lee, Moorestown, Palisades, and ‘‘Weymouth’”’); New York (Bear _
Mt., Bemus Point, Farmingdale, Ithaca, Millwood, and Pough-
keepsie) ; North Carolina (Crabtree Meadows in Yancey Co. at 3,600
ft., Hamrick, Linville Falls, north fork of Swannanoa River in the
Black Mts., ‘Scenic Highway in Cumberland Knob Park,” and
Southern Pines); Nova Scotia (Clifton); Ohio (Bridgeport, ‘‘Dean
Forest,” “‘Puritas Springs,’”’ and Ross Co.); Ontario (Ivy Lea); Penn-
sylvania (Allegheny Co., Philadelphia, and Valley Forge); Quebec
(Lac Mercier); South Carolina (Greenville); Tennessee (Elkmont in
Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Lafayette); Virginia
(Chain Bridge, Falls Church, Galax, Glencarlyn, Great Falls, and
“Peconic Springs’’); and West Virginia (Bolivar, Cheat Mt. at 2,000
ft., and Kanawha Station).
Most of the collecting dates are from June 15 to the end of August.
Especially early and late dates are: April 27 at Greenville, S. C.;
May 10 at Noel, Mo.; May 18 at Atlanta, Ga.; May 20 at Warrenton,
Mo.; May 24 at Lawrence, Kans.; May 28 at Falls Church, Va.;
June 1 at Petersburg, Va., and in Cumberland Knob Park, N. C.;
June 4 at Moorestown, N. J.; June 19 at the George Reserve, Living-
ston County, Mich.; September 6 at Riverton, N. J.; September 6
and 13 at Takoma Park, Md.; and September 19 at Bolivar, W. Va.
It is a very common species in the low herbage and underbrush of
rich deciduous woods.
This species is in the Carolinian and Alleghenian faunas. Adults
are commonest in July and August.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 135
9. Cubus, new genus
Figure 170,b
Front wing about 8.5 mm. long; body punctation fine and weak;
face and clypeus evenly convex, the face continued dorsally between
antennal sockets as a triangle with an acuminate point, and continued
back between the antennae as a high lamella, the lamella with a deep
longitudinal groove in its dorsal edge, in profile the edge of the lamella
dorsally semicircular; temple long, strongly oblique, weakly concave
or flat; head in profile concave between hind ocellus and occipital
carina; occipital carina rather close to foramen magnum, complete,
strong, and somewhat reflexed; cheek about 0.6 as long as basal
width of mandible; mandible rather flat, tapered apically, the lower
tooth much shorter and smaller than the upper tooth; labrum dis-
tinctly projecting; flagellum moderately slender, weakly swollen medi-
ally; upper margin of pronotum heavy, rounded; propleurum cubi-
cally swollen; scutellum rather flat, without a lateral carina; areolet
absent; nervulus postfurcal by about 0.4 its length; nervellus broken
near its middle; prepectal carina strong, complete, its dorsal end at
front end of subtegular ridge; sternaulus a short broad shallow groove;
metapleurum smooth, polished, with very sparse weak punctures;
propodeum sloping, rather evenly convex in profile but apically a
little more abruptly declivous, without carinae except for pleural
carina and remnants of the median longitudinal carinae, which are
present on its apical 0.3-+ and indicated at its extreme base by a pair
of tubercles; propodeal spiracle long oval; legs very stout; second
trochanter of front and middle legs completely fused with its femur;
front spur of middle tibia a little shorter and stouter than the hind
spur; tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen of moderate length;
first tergite rather narrow basally, its spiracle near its basal 0.35,
without distinct median longitudinal carinae; first sternite extending
about 0.3 the length of tergite; epipleurum of first tergite vestigial, of
second tergite rather narrow, of third through sixth tergites wide;
second tergite without dorsal carinae; first six tergites well expo-
sed, the seventh tergite partly retracted in male, completely re-
tracted in female; female subgenital plate elongate triangular.
Genotype: Exrochus validus Cresson, 1865.
The generic name is from the Latin “‘cubus” (a cube), referring to
the shape of the propleurum.
This is a Neotropic genus. Besides the genotype, from Mexico,
we have a new species from Guatemala and another from Venezuela.
The Venezuelan species is figured (fig. 170,b) to represent the genus.
451582—59——_10
136 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
10. Genus Periope
Figure 172,a,b
Periope Haliday, 1839, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. 2, p. 114. aoe: Periope auscultator
Haliday; monobasic.
Monoplectron Holmgren, 1856, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 3, vol. 42,
pp. 64, 81. Type: (Monoplectron zygaenator Holmgren)—auscultator Hali-
day; monobasic.
Oligoplectron Foerster, 1868, Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande vol. 25, p. 161.
Type: Periope auscultator Haliday; designated by Viereck, 1914.
Monoplectrochus Heinrich, 1949, Mitt. Miinchner Ent. Ges. vol. 35-39, p. 109.
Type: Monoplectrochus hoerhammeri Heinrich; original designation.
Front wing 4.5 to 6.0 mm. long; body punctures of moderate size,
sharp, usually close; face and clypeus rather strongly convex trans-
versely, weakly convex longitudinally, the clypeus a little more
convex than the face and separated from face by a broad, weak,
transverse impression; interantennal process of face a little acuminate
from front view, extending between antennal sockets as a semi-
circular lamella but not running up on to frons; temple moderately
convex; occipital carina moderately strong, incomplete next to
hypostomal carina; cheek 0.5 to 0.8 as long as basal width of mandible;
mandible rather broad, somewhat tapered toward apex, its outer
face with coarse punctures, its apical teeth both large and approxi-
mately equal in size; apex of labrum projecting a little; flagellum
more or less enlarged toward apex, definitely clavate; upper margin
of pronotum posteriorly a little swollen, anteriorly not swollen and
with a shallow submarginal impression; propleurum weakly convex;
scutellum strongly convex, without a lateral carina; areolet small,
stalked above; nervulus postfurcal by about 0.5 its length; nervellus
broken near its lower 0.4; prepectal carina extending dorsally only
to a little above level of lower corner of pronotum, its upper end
distant from front margin of mesopleurum; sternaulus a broad weak
impression or almost lacking; metapleurum smooth, polished, with
numerous moderately close, sharp punctures; propodeum rather
short, strongly convex in profile, rather completely carinated except
that the costula is absent and the median basal area and areola are
confluent; propodeal spiracle oval to subcircular; legs moderately
stout; second trochanter of front and middle legs incompletely fused
with the femur; spurs of middle tibia rather long, the front spur a
little shorter than the hind spur; hind tibia with a single long spur
(all other genera of Metopiinae have two spurs on the hind tibia);
tarsal claws apparently simple except in the female of P. auscultator,
which has them coarsely pectinate; abdomen somewhat clavate; first
tergite rather narrow basally, its spiracle near or a little beyond its
middle; median longitudinal carinae of first tergite sharp for most
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 137
of its length, obsolescent near apex; second tergite basally sometimes
with two weak median longitudinal carinae; epipleurum of second
tergite very narrow to moderately wide, of third tergite narrowly
wedge-shaped to moderately wide, of fourth to sixth tergites moder-
ately wide; seventh tergite exposed in both sexes; female subgenital
plate unspecialized, large, rhombic, and weakly convex.
There are three known species of Periope: P. auscultator Haliday
1839 of Europe, P. hoerhammert (Heinrich) 1949 of Europe and
Japan, and P. aethiops (Cresson) 1868 of eastern North America.
P. hoerhammeri is by far the most primitive of the three, having a
shorter cheek, longer propodeum, and a distinct glymma in the first
tergite. P. aethiops is somewhat intermediate between P. hoerhammeri
and P. auscultator. All three are structurally very distinct, and it
would be a matter of opinion as to whether or not each should be in
a separate genus.
Periope aethiops (Cresson)
Tryphon aethiops Cresson, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 106; 9. Lecto-
type: 9, Massachusetts (Philadelphia).
Chorinaeus pulchripes Provancher, 1883, Naturaliste Canadien, vol. 14, p. 12
(Faune, p. 800); 2. Type: 2, Chicoutimi, Que. (Quebec).
Biotoay: Washburn, 1918, Rep. State Ent. Minnesota, vol. 17, p. 173.
Front wing 4.5 to 5.8 mm. long; clypeus and face with only a faint
impression separating them; head prolonged below, the cheek about
1.25 as long as basal width of mandible; glossae elongate; flagellum
weakly clavate in male, more strongly clavate in female, its wider
segments about 1.2 as wide as long in male, about 1.25 as wide as
long in female; subtegular ridge thick and rounded; propodeum
moderately short, its combined basal area and areola about 1.1 as
long as wide; first tergite somewhat narrowed basally, without a
distinct glymma; abdomen of female somewhat clavate, not com-
pressed or elongate apically.
Ficure 85.—Localities for Per-
tope aethiops.
138 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Black. Flagellum blackish basally, the rest blackish brown in
male, reddish brown in female; subtegular ridge, apex of front and
middle femora, extreme apex of hind femur, basal 0.6 of tibiae, and
middle and hind tibial spurs, ivory white; apical 0.4 of front tibia,
front tibial spur, and front and middle tarsi, brown; hind tarsus
fuscous; tegula whitish, its apical 0.5+ brown. In some specimens,
most often in females, the apical 0.3-+ of the second through fourth
tergites are brownish.
Specimens (2367, 619): From Alberta (Slave Lake and Tofield);
Connecticut (Colebrook) ; Maine (Bangor, Southport, and South West
Harbor); Maryland (Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Forest Hills,
Holliston, Marblehead, and Milton); Michigan (Alto, Ann Arbor,
Benzie Co., Isabella Co., Lake Co., Mecosta Co., Menominee Co.,
Midland Co., and Saginaw Co.); Nebraska (West Point); New Hamp-
shire (Jaffrey); New Jersey (Bridgeboro, Burlington, and Montclair) ;
New York (“Bryn Mawr Park,’’ Chafee, Ithaca, Nyack, and White
Plains); North Carolina (Cedar Mt.); Ohio (Put-in—Bay); Ontario
(Rock Cliff Park, Spencerville, Timagami, and Toronto); Quebec
(Aylmer and ‘Sainte Anne’s’’); South Carolina (Venus); Vermont
(Stowe); Virginia (Glencarlyn); and Wisconsin (Madison).
Collecting dates are in early fall. Especially early and late dates
are: August 21 at Timagami, Ont.; August 15 at Slave Lake, Alta.;
August 24 and 31 at Spencerville, Ont.; August 25 at Tofield, Alta.;
August 28 at Milton, Mass.; August 29 at Ithaca, N. Y.; August 30
in Menominee Co., Mich.; September 24 at Toronto, Ont. and at
Bridgeboro, N. J.; September 26 at Ann Arbor, Mich.; September 30
in Midland Co., Mich.; October 4 at Cedar Mountain, N. C., and
at Burlington, N. J.; October 8 and 20 at Takoma Park, Md.; and
October 13 at Put-in-Bay, Ohio.
We have found the species only in weedy meadows, on the flowers
of Aster. Washburn (loc. cit.) mentions finding the species at Itasca
Park, Minn., in late August, ‘‘sunning on Asters.”
This species is in the Alleghenian fauna. Adults may be found on
the flowers of Aster, in early fall.
11. Genus Spudaeus
Figure 171,b
Trachyderma Gravenhorst, 1829, Ichneumologia europaea, vol. 3, p. 283; name
preoccupied. Type: Trachyderma scabra Gravenhorst; monobasic.
Spudaeus Gistel, 1848, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fiir héhere Schulen, p. xi;
new name.
Tylocomnus Holmgren, 1873, Ofvers. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Forh., vol. 30 (4),
p. 76; new name.
Front wing 9.0 to 11.0 mm. long; body with coarse, moderately
dense punctures; combined face and clypeus weakly convex, the upper
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 139
margin of face produced medially as a short broad triangle between
bases of antennae; lower half of frons with an inconspicuous median
carina which continues between antennal sockets to back side of in-
terantennal process of face; temple moderately convex; occipital
carina strong above, weak laterally, absent ventrally; cheek about
1.0 as long as basal width of mandible; mandible rather short, moder-
ately broad, tapered toward apex, its teeth broad, the lower tooth a
little shorter than upper tooth; labrum not projecting beyond margin
of clypeus; flagellum long, moderately slender; upper margin of pro-
notum not swollen, paralleled by a very weak submarginal impres-
sion; propleurum weakly convex; scutellum strongly convex, without
a lateral carina; areolet of moderate size, subrhombic, with a short
stalk above; nervulus interstitial; nervellus broken near its lower 0.4;
prepectal carina complete, its dorsal end at front margin of meso-
pleurum near midheight of hind margin of pronotum; sternaulus a
short, broad impression; metapleurum with coarse, rather sparse
punctures; propodeum short, its apical half sharply declivous, the
apex of its area dentipara produced as a short triangular tooth; pro-
podeum completely carinated except that costula is lacking and
areola and median basal area are confluent; propodeal spiracle elon-
gate; legs moderately stout; first trochanter of front and middle legs
almost completely fused with its femur; front spur of middle tibia
longer and stouter than hind spur; tarsal claws apparently simple;
abdomen approximately parallel-sided, rather short; first tergite broad
at base, its spiracle near its basal 0.3, its median dorsal carinae sharp
to its apex; second tergite traversed by a median dorsal pair of ca-
rinae; epipleura of first and second tergites very narrow, of third and
following tergites moderately wide; seventh tergite of male and sixth
tergite of female somewhat retracted; seventh tergite of female en-
tirely retracted; female subgenital plate large, subrhombic.
This genus includes one Holarctic species and one Nearctic species
as treated below, plus two species described from Russia.
Key to the Nearctic species of Spudaeus
1. Hind femur and tibia uniformly ferruginous or fulvous; coxae and first tro-
chanters black, the hind coxa sometimes partly ferruginous.
1. secaber (Gravenhorst)
Hind femur fulvous, the femur black at apex and the tibia black at apex and
at base; coxae and first trochanters fulvous, the coxae sometimes partly
iMhUISCAter.,1h (allel. crs | Sale seo al. 22. indigus \(Davis)
1. Spudacus scaber (Gravenhorst)
Figure 171,b
Front wing 9.5 to 11.5 mm. long. Structurally similar to S. indigus
except that the body punctures tend to be a little stronger and the
140 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
body wrinkling a little weaker. This difference is most evident on the
combined first and second lateral areas of the propodeum, which in
this species has rather small, strong, adjacent punctures and indistinct
wrinkling, while in S. indigus it has the punctures a little weaker and
the wrinkling a little stronger. Were it not for the sharp color
difference the structural distinction between the two species would
probably be overlooked.
Black. Coxae and first trochanters black, those of the hind leg
sometimes partly ferruginous; hind second trochanter blackish to
fulvous; legs beyond trochanters fulvous to ferruginous, the hind
tarsus brownish apically; wings faintly to strongly infuscate.
This is a Holarctic species. Old World and New World specimens
differ a little in color, permitting a subspecific distinction between
them:
1. Wings faintly infuscate; range: Europe. . . la. scaber scaber (Gravenhorst)
Wings moderately to rather strongly infuscate; range: North America.
lb. scaber umbrosus (Davis)
la. Spudaeus scaber scaber (Gravenhorst)
Trachyderma scabra Gravenhorst, 1829, Ichneumonologia europaea, vol. 3, p.
285; &. Type: o, Fennia (lost).
Wings faintly infuscate; legs beyond trochanters fulvous, the hind
tarsus brownish apically.
This subspecies occurs in northern and central Europe. The host
is reported as Panolis flammea.
lb. Spudaeus scaber umbrosus (Davis)
Tylecomnus (1!) umbrosus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 203;
2. Lectotype: 2, Washington (Philadelphia).
Wings moderately to rather strongly infuscate; legs beyond
trochanters fulvous to ferruginous, the hind tarsus brownish apically.
Specimens from California, Arizona, and Wyoming tend to have the
wings a little darker than in specimens from Montana, Washington,
British Columbia, and Alberta.
Specimens: 9, Cypress Hills, Alta., July 10, 1950, E. H. Strickland
(Townes). o, Waterton, Alta., June 19, 1923, H. L. Seamans
(Ottawa). 9, North Rim of Grand Canyon at 8,000 ft., Ariz., June 1,
1946, R. M. Bohart (Townes). 9, Pass Creek near Robson, B. C.,
May 21, 1947, H. R. Foxlee (Ottawa). @, Robson, B. C., May 16,
1947, H. R. Foxlee (Ottawa). of, 9, ‘Angora Peak at 8,625 ft.,”
Calif., July 10 and 19, 1931, E. O. Essig (Berkeley). of, Fallen Leaf
Lake in Eldorado Co., Calif., July 1931, O. H. Swezey (Townes).
49, Gold Lake in Sierra Co., Calif., July 18, 23, 27, and 30, 1921,
C. L. Fox (San Fransco and Townes). 9, Strawberry Lake in Eldorado
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPITINAE 141
Ficures 86, 87.—Localities: 86 (left) Spudaeus scaber umbrosus; 87 (right) S. indigeus.
Co., Calif., Aug. 5, 1912, E. C. Van Dyke (San Francisco). 9, Summit
Camp in Lassen Co., Calif., June 28, 1941, Claude I. Smith (Berkeley).
4¢', 19, ‘“‘Tamarack Lake” at 7,700 ft., Calif., July 10 and 12, 1931,
E. O. Essig (Berkeley). 9, Upper Echo Lake at 7,400 ft., Calif.,
July 24, 1933, E. O. Essig (Berkeley). 9, Blackfeet Indian Reserva-
tion, Mont., July 5, 1938, E. C. Van Dyke (San Francisco). 49,
Nevada (Philadelphia and Washington). 9, Kittitas Co., Wash.,
July 22, 1934 (Townes). 9, ‘‘Satus Pass,” Wash., July 9, 1935,
Jack Beamer (Lawrence). @ (lectotype), Washington (Philadelphia).
9, Grand Teton National Park, Wyo., July 14, 1939, D. J. and J. N.
Knull (Townes). «7, Roosevelt Lodge, Yellowstone National Park,
Wyo., July 1, 19388, E. C. Van Dyke (San Francisco).
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian zone of the western moun-
tains. Most adults have been taken in July, but a few as early as
mid-May and as late as early August.
2. Spudaeus indigus (Davis)
Tylecomnus (!) indigus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 204;
3d, 2. Lectotype: 9, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Front wing 9.0 to 11.0 mm. long. Structural differences as discussed
under S. scaber.
Black. Legs fulvous, the apex of hind femur, base and apex of hind
tibia, and hind tarsus black. In a specimen from British Columbia
(2, Hundred Mile House, June 29, 1938, G. 5. Walley (Ottawa)),
the front and middle coxae are mostly blackish and somewhat less
than half of the hind coxa is infuscate. All other specimens have the
coxae entirely fulvous.
Specimens: 9, Fawcett, Atla., June 10, 1934, E. H. Strickland
(Townes). 9, Canim Lake, B. C., June 22, 1938, G.S. Walley (Ottawa).
142 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
29, Hundred Mile House, B. C., June 29 and July 4, 1938, G. S.
Walley (Ottawa). 2, Estes Park, Colo., July 11, 1934, A. L. Melander
(Cambridge). 9 (lectotype), Colorado (Philadelphia). o, ‘Klondike
Basin,” Maine, July 7, 1939 (Townes). 59, Aweme, Man., June 2,
1936, June 22, 1924, and June 27, 1925, R. D. Bird (Ottawa, Townes,
and Washington). o', Riding Mt. Park, Man., June 5, 1930, J. Me-
Dunnough (Ottawa). 9, Newcastle, N. B., June 18, 1914, F. M.
McKenzie (Ottawa). 2, Waweig, N. B., June 20, 1938, T. N. Freeman.
(Ottawa). o, Franconia, N. H. (Philadelphia). 9, Baddeck, N. S.,
June 25, 1936, T. N. Freeman (Ottawa). o’, Mer Bleue, near Ottawa,
Ont., May 29, 1937, J. McDunnough (Ottawa). 9, Nominingue,
Que., June 13, 1941, O. Peck (Ottawa). 9, Waskesiu Lake, Sask.,
July 7, 1939, A. R. Brooks (Ottawa).
This species is transcontinental in the Canadian zone. Most adults
have been taken in June.
12. Bothromus, new genus
Figure 176,b
Front wing 4.0 to 6.2 mm. long; body with medum-sized, moder-
ately dense punctures; combined face and clypeus weakly convex,
the upper margin of face produced medially as a very short broad
point over bases of antennae; frons smooth, without a median carina
or process; temple moderately convex; occipital carina moderately
strong above, weak laterally, and lacking below; cheek about 0.8 as
long as basal width of mandible; mandible short, moderately broad,
tapered toward apex, its teeth moderately broad, the lower tooth a
little smaller than upper tooth; labrum just visible beyond margin
of clypeus; flagellum rather short, a little thickened medially, more
slender apically; upper margin of pronotum not swollen; propleurum
weakly convex; subtegular ridge rounded, in rear view deeply hollowed
out so that it appears to be a thin, curved-over flange; scutellum
convex, without a lateral carina or with a weak lateral carina basally;
areolet absent; intercubitus vertical, separated from second recurrent
by 0.3 its length; nervulus postfurcal by about 0.3 its length; ner-
vellus broken near its lower 0.3; dorsal end of prepectal carina near
front edge of mesopleurum, at level of midheight of pronotum; ster-
naulus not distinct; metapleurum with coarse punctures all over;
apical half of propodeum sharply declivous, the apex of its area
dentipara produced as a broad weak tooth; propodeum completely
carinated except that costula is absent and median basal area and
areola are confluent; propodeal spiracle short oval; legs moderately
stout; first trochanter of front and middle legs almost completely
fused with its femur; spurs of middle tibia long and slender, the front
spur a little shorter than hind spur; tarsal claws apparently simple;
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 143
abdomen approximately parallel-sided; first tergite broad at base,
in profile strongly convex above, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its
lateral and median pair of longitudinal carinae strong and sharp to
the apex; second tergite with a pair of median longitudinal carinae
basally; epipleurum of first tergite vestigial, of second tergite very
narrow, of third tergite narrowly wedge-shaped, of fourth tergite
moderately wide, of fifth and following tergites not separated from
the tergite; seventh tergite not strongly retracted in either sex; female
subgenital plate an unspecialized sclerite of moderate size.
Genotype: Tylecomnus minoris Davis.
The generic name is from the Greek “bothros”’ (cavity) plus ‘‘omos”’
(shoulder), in reference to the cavity in the subtegular ridge.
Key to the Species of Bothromus
1. Area of first tergite between lateral longitudinal carina and ventral edge of
tergite tapered beyond spiracle, subapically about 0.7 as wide as middle
tibia; apical 0.2 or less of hind femur fuscous. . . . . 1. minoris (Davis)
Area of first tergite between lateral longitudinal carina and ventral edge of
tergite uniform in width beyond spiracle, subapically about 1.1 as wide as
middle tibia; apical 0.25 to 0.8 of hind femur fuscous . 2. gibbus, new species
1. Bothromus minoris (Davis), new combination
Figure 176,b
Front wing 4.0 to 6.2 mm. long; first tergite in profile moderately
convex, about 2.6 as long as high, the area between its lateral longi-
tudinal carina and ventral edge tapered beyond spiracle, subapically
about 0.7 as wide as the width of middle tibia; second tergite moder-
ately convex, with close, moderate-sized punctures, its median pair
of carinae extending 0.3 to 0.7 its length in male, extending 0.2 to
0.35 its length in female; seventh tergite rather strongly retracted.
There are two subspecies, separable on color as indicated below:
1. Hind femur fulvous, its apical 0.15 to 0.2 fuscous; hind tibia whitish sub-
medially, fuscous at base and apex; tegula whitish; range: transcontinental
in Canadian and Transition zones. . . . . la. minoris minoris (Davis)
Hind femur entirely fulvous, hind tibia ferruginous, infuscate at apex and
apically above; tegula dark brown; range: California.
lb. minoris cruralis, new subspecies
la. Bothromus mineris minoris (Davis), new combination
Tylecomnus (!) minoris Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 204; 9.
Type: 2, New Hampshire (Philadelphia).
Black. Palpi of male, under side of scape of male, tegula, subteg-
ular ridge, and spurs of middle and hind tibiae whitish; flagellum
blackish brown, paler beneath (especially in male); palpi of female,
front and middle legs, and hind coxa, trochanters, and femur fulvous,
the apical 0.15 to 0.2 of hind femur fuscous and the male front and
144 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
middle coxae, trochanters, tarsi, and basodorsal part of tibiae stramin-
eous to pale fulvous; hind tibia fuscous on its basal 0.2+ and apical
0.45+, the rest dirty whitish; hind tarsus fuscous, a little paler at
the incisures; first two abdominal tergites varying from black to
ferruginous. .
Specimens: 2, Jordan Pond, Mount Desert, Maine, June 10, 1921,
C. W. Johnson (Washington). @ (type), New Hampshire (Philadel-
phia). 9, Cranberry Lake, N. Y., June 16, 1924, E. A. Hartley
(Washington). 9, Greene Co. at 2,500 ft., N. Y., June, L. O. Howard
(Washington). o, Sudbury, Ont., 1890 (Ottawa). o&, Montigny,
Que., June 1941, O. Peck (Townes). 39, Stoneham, Que., June 21,
1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o, Waskesiu Lake, Sask., June
8, 1938, J. G. Rempel (Townes). 9, Spearfish, S. Dak., July 25, 1924
(Washington). 9, Ashford, Wash., Aug. 18, 1940, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). 9, Elbe, Wash., July 13, 1940, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). o, Mount Baker, Wash., Aug. 11, 1925, A. L. Melander
(Cambridge).
Ficures 88, 89.—Localities, subspecies of Bothromus minoris: 88 (left), minoris; 89 (right),
cruralis.
This subspecies occurs in the undergrowth of woods across the
continent, in the Canadian and Transition zones.
1b. Bothromus minoris cruralis, new subspecies
Female type: Black. Flagellum blackish brown, paler beneath;
palpi brown; tegula dark brown; subtegular ridge white; legs fulvo-
ferruginous, the hind tibia infuscate at apex and apically above, the
hind tarsus fuscous (a little paler at the incisures), and the spurs of
middle and hind tibiae pale fulvous.
Type: 2, Camino, Calif., June 30, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63634).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 145
2. Bothromus gibbus, new species
Front wing 5.0 to 5.5 mm. long; first tergite in profile strongly
convex, about 2.0 as long as high, the area between its lateral longi-
tudinal carina and ventral edge of uniform width beyond spiracle,
subapically about 1.1 as wide as the width of middle tibia; second
tergite rather strongly convex, with close rather coarse punctures, its
median pair of carinae extending 0.75 its length in male, extending
0.4 to 0.55 its length in female; seventh tergite moderately retracted.
Black. Palpi of male, spot on under side of scape of male, tegula,
subtegular ridge, and spurs of middle and hind tibiae whitish; fla-
gellum blackish brown, paler beneath (especially in male); palpi of
female some shade of brown; legs fulvous, the apical 0.25 to 0.8 of
hind femur and the hind tibia and tarsus infuscate, the tarsus paler
at the incisures.
Ficure 90.—Localities for Bo-
thromus gibbus.
Type: 9, Elk River, Colo., July, C. F. Baker (Washington, USNM
63635).
Paratypes: 9, Gull Lake, Alta., June 27, 1929, E. H. Strickland
(Townes). 9, Blackburn, Ont., May 20, 1941, O. Peck (Ottawa).
o', Mer Bleue, Que., May 29, 1935, W. J. Brown (Ottawa).
13. Genus Drepanoctonus
Figure 173,a
Drepanoctonus Pfankuch, 1911, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 688. Type: Drepa-
noctonus tibialis Pfankuch; monobasic.
Front wing 7.5 to 8.5 mm. long; body punctures moderately small,
rather sharp and dense; combined face and clypeus weakly convex,
the upper margin of the face produced medially as an acute triangle
between bases of antennae, the triangle continued backward between
bases of antennae as a thin plate, the upper margin of plate deeply
grooved; lateral and posterior margins of antennal socket developed
146 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
into a high flange with an earlike dorsolateral projection; temple
very short, almost flat; occipital carina strong above, weak laterally,
absent below; cheek about 0.6 as long as basal width of mandible;
mandible rather short, tapered a little toward apex, its two teeth of
equal size; apex of labrum just reaching apical margin of clypeus;
flagellum of moderate length, unspecialized; pronotum posteriorly
with a swelling just below its upper margin, its upper margin otherwise
thin and unmodified; propleurum weakly convex; scutellum short,
convex, with a weak, often incomplete, lateral carina; areolet absent;
intercubitus distinctly reclivous, separated from second recurrent by
0.1 its length; nervulus postfurcal by about 0.3 its length; nervellus
broken near its lower 0.4; dorsal end of prepectal carina at level of
midheight of hind margin of pronotum, far from front edge of meso-
pleurum; sternaulus a short, broad, weak impression; metapleurum
covered with dense small punctures; propodeum rather short, its api-
cal half abruptly declivous; longitudinal propodeal carinae complete
but the transverse carinae mostly absent, the costula absent
(in the species at hand), and the areola and median basal area always
confluent; propodeal spiracle elongate; legs relatively slender; second
trochanter of front and middle legs almost completely fused with its
femur; spurs of middle tibia elongate, of approximately equal length;
tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen a little widened toward
apex; first tergite about 2.1 as long as wide, broad at base, its spiracle
near its basal 0.18, in profile with a straight dorsal edge and an oblique
basodorsal edge, the two edges meeting in a sharp, 120-degree angle;
longitudinal carinae of first tergite strong and sharp to the apex, the
median ones converging to the basodorsal angle, thence running
closely parallel to the apex; second tergite with a pair of strong,
median dorsal carinae, which in the species at hand are closely parallel
and continue to the apex; third and fourth tergites with a single
weak, incomplete, median dorsal carina; tergites three to six with
an oblique, weak, basolateral groove which cuts off a small basolateral
corner; epipleurum of first and second tergites vestigial, of third
tergite narrowly wedge-shaped, of fourth to sixth tergites moderately
wide and fully separated from their tergites by a crease; seventh
tergite of both sexes retracted; female subgenital plate large, un-
specialized.
The above description is based on an undescribed species from
Burma, which is also the species illustrated in figure 173,a. After
the paper was in galley proof we saw also the genotype (fbialzs) from
Europe, an undescribed species from Madagascar, another from For-
mosa, and (Orthocentrus) Drepanoctonus bifasciatus Brullé, 1846 (new
combination), from Tasmania. The above generic description agrees
in the main with these species, but not in all particulars.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 147
14. Genus Leurus
Fiaure 173,b
Leurus Townes, 1946, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 5, p. 59. Type: Exochus
caeruliventris Cresson; original designation.
Front wing 5.0 to 6.7 mm. long; punctures on face very coarse, on
rest of head and body mostly rather small and weak; combined face
and clypeus roundly convex; upper margin of face produced medially
as a strong triangular point; face without a median carina or process;
temple convex, rather short; head in profile sloping obliquely from
hind margin of hind ocelli to occipital carina; occipital carina strong
dorsally, weaker laterally, and sometimes absent ventrally; cheek
about 0.5 as long as basal width of mandible; mandible large, rectan-
gular, with its apex abruptly tapered and a carina along its lower
margin, its upper tooth of moderate length, its lower tooth very
short; labrum concealed; flagellum rather short, filiform; upper edge
of pronotum wide, broadly rounded; propleurum weakly convex;
scutellum moderately convex, without lateral carina; areolet small,
subtriangular, stalked above; nervulus postfurcal by about 0.45 its
length; nervellus broken near its lower 0.35; prepectal carina strong,
ending dorsally at front end of subtegular ridge; sternaulus not dis-
tinct; metapleurum polished, impunctate; propodeum rather long, its
apical part abruptly declivous; propodeal carinae complete except
that costula is absent and areola and median basal area confluent;
propodeal spiracle long oval, large; legs stout; base of hind coxa ex-
tending posterior to its socket as a strong shoulder; second trochanter
of front and middle legs completely fused with its femur; spurs of
middle tibia of equal length; tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen
approximately parallel-sided; first tergite rather broad basally, its
lateral carinae strong to apex, its median carinae strong basally, fading
out near apical 0.67; second tergite without median carinae; epi-
pleurum of first two tergites very narrow, of third and following
tergites wide; seventh tergite not retracted in either sex; female sub-
genital plate large, unspecialized.
This genus contains the genotype and an undescribed species from
Brazil. In the original description of Leurus it was stated that the
genus contained the genotype and two very distinct, unnamed Nearctic
species. The two unnamed species referred to are now placed in the
genus Carria, and Leurus is restricted to species very closely related
to the genotype.
1. Leurus caeruliventris (Cresson)
Figure 173,b
Front wing 5.0 to 6.7 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
0.95 as wide as high, with very coarse, regular, subadjacent punctures
and no transverse wrinkling; outer face of mandible moderately con-
148 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
vex, its lower edge margined; thorax about 1.75 as long as high;
opening of propodeal spiracle about 4.0 as long as wide; median dorsal
carinae of first tergite extending about 0.65 its length; abdomen
weakly depressed; second abdominal tergite about 0.72 as long as wide.
Black, the abdomen with weak dark blue iridescence. Apical half
of mandible largely ferruginous; palpi pale stramineous; scape variously
colored, according to the subspecies; apex of pedicel light brown;
tegula white basally, fulvous apically; apex of front and middle femora,
upper side of front tibia, basal 0.4 (below) to basal 0.6 (above) of
middle tibia, extreme apex of middle tibia, basal 0.6 of hind tibia,
tibial spurs, first and often the second segment of front tarsus, middle
tarsus except apically, and hind tarsus except as noted under the
subspecies, ivory white; front coxa black, the apical part fulvous;
front trochanter and femur except at apex fulvous to brown; under
side of front tibia and front tarsus beyond the first or second segment,
fulvous; middle coxa, trochanter, femur except at apex, and tibia ex-
cept as noted otherwise, fulvous to black, the darker shades occurring
most frequently on the coxa and femur in female rather than in male
specimens; apex of middle tarsus fulvous to brown; apical one or two
segments of hind tarsus fulvous to black; apex of first three segments
of hind tarsus often dark.
There is a Nearctic and a Neotropic subspecies, separable on the
color of the scape and of the hind tarsus:
1. Seape above ivory to pale fulvous; first three segments of hind tarsus usually
whitish, with brownish to black apices, range: Neotropic region.
la. caeruliventris caeruliventris (Cresson)
Scape above brown, first three segments of hind tarsus entirely whitish; range:
Nearctic region;. ..s) «) <5 .+% lb. caeruliventris borealis, new subspecies
la. Leurus caeruliventris caeruliventris (Cresson)
Exochus caeruliventris Cresson, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 38;
“97"=9. Lectotype: 2, Cordoba, Mexico (Philadelphia).
Leurus caeruliventris Townes, 1946, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 5, p. 59; generic
position.
Scape ivory colored apically and on the entire lower side, the rest
pale fulvous; apex of first three segments of hind tarsus usually dark-
ened, light brown to black; fourth and fifth segments of hind tarsus
black.
Specimens: 2’, 19, Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brazil, May 2,
1948 and July 7, 1940, Fritz Plaumann (Townes). <, Demerara River,
British Guiana, June 23, 1927 (Ithaca). o, Port Parker, Costa Rica,
July 4, 1932, W. Willow, Jr. (San Francisco). o, Balzapamba at 700
meters, Ecuador, June 5, 1938, Wm. Clarke-MacIntyre (Townes).
o', Rio Blanco at 1,900 meters, Ecuador, June 1949, Wm. Clarke-
MacIntyre (Townes). 9, on a banana ship from Honduras (Washing-
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 149
ton). @ (type), Cérdoba, V. C., Mexico (Philadelphia). o, Cérdoba,
V. C., Mexico, Dec. 24, 1907, Frederick Knab (Washington). ,
Villa Rica, Paraguay, August, F. Schade (Cambridge). o@, 29, San
Pedro de Montes de Oca, Puerto Rico, Oct. 12, 1935, C. H. Ballou
(Washington). 9, St. Augustine, Trinidad, Apr. 17, 1935, N. A.
Weber (Cambridge). 9, Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, Feb. 12, 1940,
P. J. Anduze (Townes). o, 9, Tobay at 1,640 meters, Merida,
Venezuela, September 1942, P. J. Anduze (Townes).
This subspecies is tropical, ranging from southern Mexico to
southern Brazil.
lb. Leurus caeruliventris borealis, new subspecies
Scape ivory colored apically and on the entire lower side, the rest
brown to blackish; first three segments of hind tarsus uniformly
whitish; fifth segment of hind tarsus and usually the fourth segment
blackish.
Type: 9, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 9, 1943, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63636).
Ficure 91.—Localities for
Leurus caeruliventris boreal-
15.
Paratypes (427, 289): From Alabama (Coleta); Connecticut (Led-
yard and North Stonington); District of Columbia (Washington) ;
Florida (Daytona); Georgia (Demorest); Kansas (Lawrence and Riley
Co.); Louisiana (Opelousas); Maryland (Glen Echo and Takoma
Park); Massachusetts (Nantucket); Michigan (Ann Arbor); Missouri
(Columbia); New Jersey (Moorestown and Riverton); New York
(Poughkeepsie and Riverhead); North Carolina (Crabtree Meadows
at 3,600 ft. in Yancy Co., Craggy Gardens at 5,300 ft. in Buncombe
Co., and Hamrick); Pennsylvania (Arendtsville and Spring Brook) ;
Rhode Island (Buttonwoods and Westerly) ; South Carolina (Columbia
and McClellanville); Virginia (Falls Church and Westmoreland State
Park in Westmoreland Co.); and West Virginia (Bolivar).
150 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Most of the collecting dates are from the middle of June to the end
of August. Especially early and late seasonal dates of interest are:
April 12 at Daytona, Fla.; May 10 at McClellanville, S. C.; “May 26
to June 8” at Columbia, Mo.; June 10 at Falls Church, Va.; June 11
at Westerly, R. I.; September 2 at North Stonington, Conn.; Septem-
ber 6 at Riverhead, N. Y.; September 11 at Takoma Park, Md.;
September 15 at Riverton, N. J.; September 21 at Arendtsville, Pa.;
and September 24 at Bolivar, W. Va.
A male without a locality was reared from Desmia funeralis.
We have collected the species many times in the underbrush of
open deciduous woods.
This subspecies occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
It is in the adult stage mostly from early to late summer.
15. Genus Seticornuta
Figure 174,a
Megatrema Cameron, 1907, Zeitschr. Hymen. Dipt., vol. 7, p. 468; name pre-
occupied. Type: Megatrema albopilosa Cameron; monobasic.
Seticornuta Morley, 1913, Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma,
Hymenoptera, vol. 3 (1), p. 310; new synonymy. Type: (Seticornuta albi-
calcar Morley) =albopilosa (Cameron), new synonymy; original designation.
Front wing 3.7 to 10 mm. long; body punctation moderately coarse
but shallow; combined face and clypeus roundly convex; upper margin
of face produced medially as a blunt triangular point between bases
of antennae; frons without a median process or carina; temple rather
short, more or less convex; head in profile sloping obliquely from hind
margin of hind ocelli to occipital carina; occipital carina moderately
strong above, weaker laterally, absent below; cheek about 0.4 as long
as basal width of mandible; mandible rather large, a little narrowed
apically, its lower tooth much smaller than upper tooth; labrum either
somewhat projecting or hidden beneath clypeus; flagellum of moderate
length, filiform or a little enlarged basally; upper part of pronotum
somewhat swollen, rounded off to the upper margin; propleurum
weakly convex; scutellum weakly convex, without lateral carina;
areolet rather small, subtriangular, stalked above; nervulus inter-
stitial to postfurcal by about 0.6 its length; nervellus broken at its
lower 0.15 to 0.3, or sometimes not broken; prepectal carina strong,
its upper end joining front end of subtegular ridge; sternaulus absent;
metapleurum polished, mostly impunctate; propodeum rather long,
abruptly declivous apicad of its apical transverse carina; propodeal
carination complete except that costula is lacking and areola and
median basal area are confluent; propodeal spiracle large, elongate;
legs stout; base of hind coxa extending posterior to its socket as a
strong shoulder; second trochanter of front and middle legs completely
fused with its femur; front spur of middle tibia a little longer or a
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 151
little shorter than hind spur; tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen
approximately parallel-sided; first tergite broad at base, its spiracle
near its basal 0.3 and just above its lateral longitudinal carina; lateral
longitudinal carina of first tergite strong to apex; median longitudinal
carinae of first tergite strong basally, usually fading out beyond the
middle; second tergite without dorsal carinae; epipleurum of first
tergite vestigial or sometimes moderately large; epipleurum of second
and following tergites very wide, usually overlapping medially;
seventh tergite not retracted in either sex; female subgenital plate
concealed by the epipleura.
The typical members of Seticornuta occur in the Indo-Australian
area and in Japan. In the Old World species the clypeal margin is a
little convex and the labrum concealed; the two Nearctic species
treated below seem referable to the genus, but differ from the gentoype
and its close relatives in having the apical margin of the clypeus shal-
owly concave, exposing a rather large labrum:
Key to the Nearctic Species of Seticornuta
1. Flagellum with 25 to 30 segments; yellowish orbital border very narrow or
interrupted above, not wide enough to touch lateral ocellus; hind femur
blackish (ferruginous in one specimen from Missouri).
1. terminalis (Ashmead)
Flagellum with 21 to 25 segments; yellowish orbital border moderately wide
above, touching the lateral ocellus; hind femur blackish or ferruginous.
2. apicalis (Cresson)
1. Seticornuta terminalis (Ashmead), new combination
Ficures 174,a; 179,f
Triclistus terminalis Ashmead, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 201;
o. Type: o', Washington, D. C. (Washington).
Front wing 3.7 to 5.5 mm. long; fiagellum with 25 to 30 segments;
lateral longitudinal carina between spiracle and apical carina rather
weak; front spur of middle tibia about 1.3 as long as hind spur.
Black. Face, cheek, mouth parts, and side of frons yellowish, the
clypeus, adjacent part of face, and sometimes cheek and mouth parts
covered by a transversely oblong brown area; yellow on frons moder-
ately wide below, tapered dorsally to a slender point; hind orbit often
narrowly fulvous, this hind orbital mark usually not joining frontal
orbital mark at top of eye, or when there is a junction it is narrow,
not wide enough to reach lateral ocellus; antenna brown; tegula yel-
low, with a broad, transverse, postmedian brown area; front leg
beyond coxa brownish to ferruginous; front and middle tibiae brown
to blackish, with a small dorsobasal pale mark; tibial spurs whitish;
abdomen beyond fifth segment ferruginous.
One specimen from Missouri (co, Hannibal, June 8, 1948, H. Townes
(Townes)) has the legs beyond the coxae ferruginous, except that the
tibial spurs are whitish. It may represent a separate subspecies.
451582—59——11
152 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Specimens (2027, 249): From Connecticut (New Haven); District
of Columbia (Washington); Kansas (Lawrence); Maryland (Chesa-
peake Beach, Glen Echo, Plummers [sland, and Takoma Park); New
Jersey (Moorestown) ; New York (Barrytown, Farmingdale, Kingston,
Poughkeepsie, and Westchester Co.); North Carolina (Mount Mitch-
ell); Ohio (Cedar Point at Sandusky) ; Ontario (Angus) ; Pennsylvania
(Highspire, Marsh Run in York Co., Mount Holly Springs, ‘““New
Cumberland,” and Philadelphia) ; Quebee (Aylmer); Virginia (Arling-
ton, Big Meadows near Shenandoah, Mount Vernon, near Plummers
Island in Maryland, and Rosslyn); and West Virginia (Lost River
State Park).
Ficures 92, 93.—Localities: 92 (left), Seticornuta terminalis; 93 (right), S. apicalis.
Collection dates are all in the summer. Early and late dates are:
June 7, 14, and 21 at Takoma Park, Md.; June 19 at Lawrence, Kans. ;
June 24 at Farmingdale, N. Y., at Moorestown, N. J., and at Chesa-
peake Beach, Md.; June 25 at Glen Echo, Md.; August 24 on Mount
Mitchell, N. C.; August 25 at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; August 26 at
Aylmer, Que.; August 27 in Westchester County, N. Y., and in
Virginia near Plummers Island, Md.; and September 1 at Mount
Holly Springs, Pa.
One specimen was reared, a male from a ‘‘tortricid” at Angus,
Ont., in 1944.
In our experience the species is sporadic, but when found is often
common. We have swept it in several localities from weeds and
grass under groves of Robinia pseudoacacia.
This species is in the Carolinian and Alleghenian faunas. Adults
occur from late in June to the first of September.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 153
2. Seticornuta apicalis (Cresson), new combination
Exochus apicalis Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol 3, p. 285;
“=. Type: @, Illinois (Philadelphia).
Front wing 4.7 to 5.9 mm. long; flagellum with 21 to 25 segments;
lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum between spiracle and apical
carina moderately sharp; front spur of middle tibia about 1.25 as
long as hind spur.
Black. Face, cheek, mouth parts, and broad complete orbit that is
wide enough dorsally to reach lateral ocellus, yellowish and fulvous,
the yellow mostly on front oribit and upper part of face; central part
of face blackish to light brown; antenna brown; tegula yellow, with a
broad, transverse, postmedian brown area; legs colored either as in
Seticornuta terminalis or more commonly ferruginous beyond coxae,
the tibial spurs whitish; abdomen beyond fifth segment ferruginous.
Specimens (2007, 259): From District of Columbia; Florida (Lake
City and Monticello); Georgia (Thomasville); Illinois; Maryland
(Takoma Park); Michigan (Genesee Co.); Mississippi (Wiggins) ;
Nebraska; New Jersey (Moorestown); New York (Poughkeepsie) ;
Ohio; Ontario (Angus and Vineland Station) ; Rhode Island (Westerly) ;
South Carolina (McClellanville); and Virginia (Great Falls).
The specimens were collected in May, June, and July, and there is
one collection in August. Early and late seasonal records of interest
are: May 9 at Monticello, Fla.; May 11 in Genesee Co., Mich.;
May 15 at McClellanville, S. C.; June 1 at Wiggins, Miss.; June 10
at Westerly, R. I.; July 28 at Angus, Ont.; July 31 at Vineland Sta-
tion, Ont.; and Aug. 2 at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
A large portion of the specimens were reared, as follows: 40’, from
Acrobasis sylvella on Ostrya virginiana, Vineland Station, Ont.,
July 29, 30, and 31, 1940, W. L. Putman. 9, from Acrobasis betulella,
Angus, Ont., July 28, 1939. o, from Acrobasis indigenella, Monti-
cello, Fla., May 13, 1913, John B. Gill. o, 2, from Acrobasis indi-
genella, Thomasville, Ga., June 16, 1916, and no date, W. F. Turner.
8’, 102, from Acrobasis juglandis, Monticello, Fla., May and June,
1945, A. M. Phillips. o, from Acrobasis juglandis, Lake City, Fla.,
June 1905. 9, from Acrobasis juglandis, Wiggins, Miss., June 3, 1929,
J.P. Kilanko. o&, from Acrobasis caryivorella, Monticello, Fla., 1941,
W. C. Pierce.
This species occurs in the Austroriparian and Carolinian faunas.
Adults occur in late spring to mid-summer. Species of Acrobasis
serve as hosts.
154 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
16. Genus Carria
Fieure 174,b
Carria Schmiedeknecht, 1924, Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 60, p. 112.
Type: Carria paradoza Schmiedeknecht; monobasic.
Front wing 3.3 to 5.0 mm. long; body punctures rather small,
moderately dense; body shape rather strongly depressed; combined
face and clypeus very short, broad, and strongly convex in profile;
upper margin of face produced between bases of antennae as a very
short, broad point; frons without a median carina or process; temple
strongly convex; head in profile sloping obliquely from hind margin
of hind ocelli to the point usually occupied by occipital carina; occip-
ital carina entirely lacking; cheek about 0.5 as long as basal width of
mandible; mandible large, its upper tooth large and lower tooth very
short; labrum concealed under clypeus; flagellum short, filiform;
upper part of pronotum swollen, rounded off to the upper margin;
propleurum weakly convex; scutellum almost flat, without lateral
carina; areolet subtriangular, sessile above or stalked; nervulus post-
furcal by about 0.5 its length; nervellus not broken, inclivous; pre-
pectal carina complete, its dorsal end joining front end of subtegular
ridge; sternaulus absent; propodeum elongate, abruptly declivous at
apical transverse carina, most of its carinae present except that
costula is always absent and areola and median basal area are con-
fluent; propodeal spiracle subcircular; metapleurum polished, im-
punctate; legs short, stout; base of hind coxa extended behind its
socket as a prominent shoulder; second trochanter of front and
middle legs almost completely fused with its femur; front spur of
middle tibia a little longer than hind spur; tarsal claws apparently
simple; abdomen parallel-sided; first tergite moderately broad at
base, its lateral longitudinal carina strong and complete to its apex,
its median longitudinal carinae of variable development, usually
strong basally and fading out near apex; second tergite without dorsal
carinae; epipleura of first two tergites vestigial, of third and following
tergites moderately wide; female subgenital plate weakly sclerotized,
unspecialized.
This genus includes only a species in England, a species in New
Zealand, and the two Nearctic species described below:
Key to the Nearctic species of Carria
1. Median dorsal carinae of first tergite extending to about middle of the tergite;
third lateral area of propodeum approximately vertical, its dorsal edge not
more posterior than its ventral edge; lower edge of mandible not margined
(fig. 182, i); body less flattened. . . . . . . 1. dreisbachi, new species
Median dorsal carinae of first tergite extending almost or quite to its apex;
third lateral area of propodeum somewhat inflexed, so that its dorsal edge
is much more posterior than its ventral edge; lower edge of mandible mar-
gined (fig. 182, j); body more flattened. . . . . 2. inculcata, new species
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 155
1. Carria dreisbachi, new species
Ficgures 174,b; 182,i
Front wing 3.5 to 5.0 mm. long; combined face and clypeus 1.4 to
1.7 as wide as high, with coarse subadjacent punctures and centrally
with a tendency to transverse wrinkling between the punctures;
outer face of mandible weakly convex, its upper and lower edges not
margined, about 2.55 as long as wide; thorax about 2.0 as long as
high; third lateral area of propodeum subvertical ; opening of propodeal
spiracle approximately circular; median dorsal carinae of first tergite
ending at about 0.4 to 0.65 its length; abdomen depressed basally,
apically subcylindric in male, somewhat compressed in female;
second abdominal tergite 0.90 to 1.25 as long as wide.
Black. Apical half of mandible more or less ferruginous; palpi pale
fulvous; tegula yellowish to fulvous; legs light ferruginous, their
coxae partly blackish and the femora and tibiae sometimes more or
less infuscate.
There are three subspecies, as keyed and described below:
1. Hind femur ferruginous with a weak infuscation to strongly infuscate, uncom-
monly clear ferruginous; hind coxa entirely black or with the apex ferrugi-
nous, uncommonly with as much as the apicoventral third ferruginous;
range: Mountains of Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.
lb. dreisbachi montana, new subspecies
Hind femur clear ferruginous; hind coxa almost entirely black to mostly fer-
BUPA OUS mace gk apices testy c= age ee a EA tee tee Sua el Papen, Cr ec e
2. Second abdominal tergite about 0.90 as long as wide; range: Alleghenian and
Carolinian faunas. . . . . . . la. dreisbachi dreisbachi, new subspecies
Second abdominal tergite about 1.1 as long as wide in male, about 1.2 as long
as wide in female; range: Sierra Nevada of California.
le. dreisbachi californica, new subspecies
la. Carria dreisbachi dreisbachi, new subspecies
Second abdominal tergite about 0.90 as long as wide; outer face of
mandible with moderately coarse punctures.
Legs light ferruginous. Middle coxa sometimes more or less blackish
basally and above, but always ferruginous beneath; hind coxa varying
between having the basal hind part infuscate and all but the ventro-
apical third infuscate.
Type: 9, Genesee Co., Mich., June 3, 1950, R. R. Dreisbach
(Dreisbach).
Paratypes: 9, Elsah, Ill., May 7, 1943, D. Starrett (Washington).
9, Riding Mt. Park, Man., June 15, 1938, W. J. Brown (Ottawa). o,
Blue Hills, Mass., June 3, 1916 (Cambridge). 9, Milton, Mass.,
June 9, 1901 (Cambridge). 9, Nantucket, Mass., July 25, 1928, C. W.
Johnson (Cambridge); @, Ann Arbor, Mich., May 27, 1901 (Ann
Arbor). 9, Livingston Co., Mich., June 3, 1950, R. R. Dreisbach
156 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficures 94, 95.—Localities, subspecies of Carria dreisbachi: 94 (left), dreisbachi; 95 (right),
montana.
(Dreisbach). 9, Macomb Co., Mich., May 28, 1949, R. R. Dreisbach
(Dreisbach). 9, Winnebago Valley, Houston Co., Minn., May 31,
1941, C. E. Mickel (St. Paul). 29, Moorestown, N. J., June 11, 1939,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). a’, Ithaca, N.Y., May 31, 1936, H.
Townes (Townes). 9, Six Mile Creek, Ithaca, N. Y., May 29, 1937,
P. P. Babiy (Townes). o, Waterville, N. Y. (Ithaca). 9, Black Mts.,
N. C., May (New York). 9, Columbus, Ohio, May 30, J. N. Knull
(Washington). 9, Bells Corners, Ont., May 14, 1941, G. S. Walley
(Ottawa). 207, St. Agathe, Que., May 26, 1929, A. Seyrig (Washing-
ton). 39, Saskatoon, Sask., May 19 and 23, 1940, A. R. Brooks
(Ottawa). 9, no data (Ottawa).
This subspecies is in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas. Adults
occur in spring.
1b. Carria dreisbachi montana, new subspecies
Second abdominal tergite about 0.90 as long as wide; outer face of
mandible with moderately coarse punctures.
Legs light ferruginous. Front and middle coxae usually infuscate
basally and above, ferruginous below, rarely entirely ferruginous;
front and middle coxae of female fuscous, the front coxa and usually
the middle coxa apically more or less ferruginous; hind coxa entirely
blackish or apically ferruginous, the ferruginous color occupying as
much as a third of its area; hind femur usually more or less infuscate,
varying from clear ferruginous to strongly infuscate; rest of legs
varying from clear ferruginous to brownish, paler than the hind femur.
Type: 9, near Estes Park, Colo., June 12, 1948, H., M., G., D., and
J. Townes (Washington, USNM 63637).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 157
Paratypes: 50, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., Apr. 19 and 26,
1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Pocket Creek, Sierra Ancha,
Ariz., May 5, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). oc, Workman Creek,
Sierra Ancha, Ariz., Apr. 30, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
9, Williams, Ariz., May 30, Barber and Schwarz (Washington). 2367,
39, same data as type (Townes). 39, Fort Collins, Colo., May 24,
1896 and June 15, 1896, C. F. Baker (Washington). <7, 9, ‘“Howe’s
Gulch,” Colo., May 7, 1896, C. F. Baker (Washington). <o, Jemez
Springs, N. Mex., July 1, 1941, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence).
A female specimen from Bothell, Wash., collected by “E. C. C.”
May 4, 1939 (Madison) is intermediate between this subspecies and
C. d. californica.
This subspecies is found in the Rocky Mountain area. Adults occur
in spring and early summer.
le. Carria dreisbachi californica, new subspecies
Second abdominal tergite about 1.1 as long as wide in male, about
1.2 as long as wide in female; outer face of mandible with rather fine
punctures.
Legs ferruginous. Coxae blackish, the front and middle coxae more
or less ferruginous below.
Type: 9°, Leevining, Calif., June 25, 1948, H., M., G., and D.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63638).
Ficures 96, 97.—Localities: 96 (left), Carria dreisbachi californica; 97 (right), C. inculcata.
Paratypes: 29, Leevining, Calif., June 22 and 24, 1948, H., M., G.,
and D. Townes (Townes). <7, near Sonora Pass at 8,000 ft., Calif.,
July 6, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes).
This subspecies occurs in the eastern part of the Sierra Nevada.
158 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
2. Carria inculcata, new species
FieureE 182,j
Front wing 3.3 to 3.8 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.4 as wide as high, with coarse, regular, subadjacent punctures and
no transverse wrinkling; outer face of mandible rather flat but its
upper and lower edges margined and slightly raised; mandible about
2.5 as long as wide; thorax about 2.1 as long as high in male, about
2.6 as long as high in female; third lateral area of propodeum inflexed
basally, so that its upper edge is considerably posterior to its lower
edge; opening of propodeal spiracle approximately circular; median
dorsal carinae of first tergite extending to its apex, or ending at least
beyond 0.8 its length; abdomen depressed, in the female a little com-
pressed apically; second abdominal tergite about 0.85 as long as wide
in male, about 0.98 as long as wide in female.
Black. Antenna brown; mandible entirely black; palpi, tegula, and
legs fulvous, the hind part of hind coxa, and hind femur and hind
tibia apically above, infuscate.
Type: 9, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 22, 1943, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63639). :
Paratypes: 9, Moorestown, N. J., June 28, 1939, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). 9, Elizabethtown, N. C., May 30, 1950, H. Townes
(Townes). o', 9, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 15 and 25, 1943, H. and
M. Townes (Townes). o, McClellanville, S. C., May 16, 1944, H.
and M. Townes (Townes).
This species is in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas of the
Atlantic States. Adults occur from late spring through summer.
17. Macromalon, new genus
Figure 175,a
Front wing 4.3 to 4.5 mm. long; body punctures small, sharp, and
dense; combined face and clypeus elongate, convex transversely,
in profile almost flat, with a broad weak depression between the face
and clypeus; upper margin of face produced between antennal sockets
as a very short, broad point; frons without a median carina or proc-
ess; temple convex; head in profile rounded off from hind ocelli
to occipital carina; occipital carina moderately strong above, weak
laterally, absent below; cheek about 1.6 as long as basal width of
mandible; mandible small, narrow, tapered toward apex, its lower
tooth shorter than upper tooth; labrum concealed; flagellum moder-
ately long, slender, filiform; pronotum a little swollen near its upper
margin; propleurum weakly convex; scutellum rather strongly con-
vex, without lateral carina; areolet absent; intercubitus separated
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 159
from second recurrent by about 0.75 its length; nervulus postfurcal
by about 0.3 its length; nervellus inclivous, weakly broken just above
its lower end; prepectal carina complete, its dorsal end joining front
end of subtegular ridge; sternaulus a broad, shallow, moderately
long impression; metapleurum subpolished, with moderately dense
punctures all over; propodeum of moderate length, convex in profile
but more sharply declivous beyond apical transverse carina, its
carination complete except that costula is lacking and areola and
median basal area confluent; propodeal spiracle small, circular; legs
moderately stout; base of hind coxa extending very little behind its
socket; spurs of middle tibia of equal length; tarsal claws apparently
simple; abdomen narrow basally, widened apically; first tergite rather
narrow at base, its spiracle near its basal 0.3, its lateral longitudinal
carina strong to the apex, its median longitudinal carinae present only
on basal 0.35; second tergite without dorsal carinae; epipleura of
first through third tergites vestigial, of fourth through sixth tergites
narrow; female subgenital plate weakly sclerotized, unspecialized.
Genotype: Macromalon montanum, new species.
The generic name is from the Greek ‘‘macros’’ (long) plus ‘“‘malon”’
(cheek), referring to the distance between the eye and the mandible.
There is a single known species, from the mountains of Colorado.
Macromalon montanum, new species
Fiaure 175,a
Front wing 4.3 to 4.5 mm. long; structure as shown in the figure
and as described under the genus.
Black. Palpi stramineous to dark brown; tegula whitish in front,
the rest fulvous to blackish brown; front and middle coxae and first
trochanters fulvous to blackish; front.and middle femora fulvous or
more or less blackish, yellowish at base and apex; front and middle
tibiae and tarsi fulvous, the tarsi more or less infuscate; hind coxa,
first trochanter, and femur black or blackish brown; hind second tro-
chanter yellowish; hind tibia brown, with a broad, indefinite, premedial
pale band; hind tarsus light brown, the basal half of its basitarsus
paler; abdomen entirely black or the apical 0.4-+ ofsecond and follow-
ing tergites more or less fulvous.
Type: 2, Poudre Lake at 11,000 ft. in Rocky Mountain National
Park, Colo., Aug. 11, 1948, H., M., G., D., and J. Townes (Washing-
ton, USNM 63682).
Paratypes: 2, Gothic at 9,500 ft., Colo., July 18, 1934, C. P.
Alexander (Townes). o, Phantom Valley at 9,400 ft., Rocky Moun-
tain National Park, Colo., June 17, 1948, G., D., and J. Townes
(Townes).
160 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
18. Genus Hypsicera
FigurRE 176,a
Hypsicera Latreille, 1829, in Cuvier, Régne animal . . ., nouvelle édition, vol.
5, p. 288. Type: (Alomya (Hypsicera) sp. near femoralis Gravenhorst) =
femoralis (Fourcroy); monobasic.
Metacoelus Foerster, 1868, Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, vol. 25, p. 161.
Type: (Ezochus femoralis Gravenhorst) =femoralis (Fourcroy) ; designated by
Viereck, 1914.
Polyclistus Foerster, 1868, Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, vol. 25, p. 161. Type:
Ichneumon femoralis Fourcroy; designated by Viereck, 1912.
Plesioezochus Cameron, 1905, Trans. South African Philos. Soc., vol. 15, p. 102.
Type: (Plesioerochus rufipes Cameron)=femoralis (Fourcroy); monobasic.
Front wing 2.25 to 6.5 mm. long; body punctures fine, moderately
close; combined face and clypeus strongly convex transversely, weak-
ly convex longitudinally, sloping forward from mouth to near antennal
sockets; upper edge of face produced between antennal sockets as a
short broad point which is bent backward a little between bases of
antennae; temple convex; back of head dropping vertically from hind
margin of hind ocelli to foramen magnum; occipital carina weak or
absent laterally, absent above and below; cheek about 1.1 as long
as basal width of mandible; mandible rather small, moderately wide
basally, the rest narrow; lower tooth of mandible much shorter than
upper tooth; apical edge of labrum protruding a little beyond clypeus;
flagellum rather short to long, filiform, slender to thick; upper part
of pronotum strongly swollen, rounded off to upper margin; pro-
pleurum weakly convex; scutellum weakly convex, without a lateral
carina; areolet absent; intercubitus separated from second recurrent
by about 0.75 its length; nervulus strongly postfurcal, usually by
about 0.6 its length; nervellus broken near its lower 0.3; prepectal
carina complete, ending dorsally at front end of subtegular ridge;
sternaulus broad, moderately long; metapleurum with a groove next
to pleural carina which contains a row of short hairs, otherwise polished
and impunctate except sometimes for a few hairs near its dorsal margin;
propodeum rather long, abruptly declivous at apical transverse carina,
with all carinae, except that usually the carina dividing median basal
area from areola is lacking and that in a few species the costula is also
lacking ; propodeal spiracle usually elongate but sometimes subcircular;
legs stout to very stout; base of hind coxa projecting behind its socket
as a weak shoulder; second trochanter of front and middle legs fused
with its femur; spurs of middle tibia of approximately equal length;
tarsal claws pectinate or apparently simple; abdomen a little widened
medially; first tergite rather narrow basally, its spiracle near its
basal 0.35, its lateral longitudinal carina sharp, usually to the apex,,
its median longitudinal carinae sharp basally, usually obsolescent
somewhere beyond the midlength of the tergite; epipleura of first two
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 161
tergites vestigial, of third and following tergites wide; seventh tergite
not retracted in either sex; female subgenital plate large, weakly
sclerotized, unspecialized.
Four Nearctic species of Hypsicera are described here. Of these,
two are introduced species which occur around buildings. The other
two are native. The native ones are very scarce in collections. No
species of the genus, except for the cosmopolitan H. femoralis, and H.
curvator are known from the Neotropics. In contrast to the poor
representation in the New World, there are many species in the Old
World Tropics, all with the costula present and propodeal spiracle
elongate, thus showing relationship with H. femoralis.
Key to the Nearctic species of Hypsicera
ite Costulaspresentandistrong) of... cies it Ris) sp bel ec) apse a Se pee eee
Costula completely absent. . ... Hn ton eae
2. Outer side of second lateral area of penpedece bout i 0 as ne as inner side;
propodeal spiracle long oval; first flagellar segment of female about 2.0 as
long as wide and about 1.8 as long a second segment (fig. 182,e); front wing
3.8 to 5.0 mm. long; malescarce. . . . .. . . . JI. femoralis (Fourcroy)
Outer side of second lateral area of propodeum about 1.6 as long as inner side;
propodeal spiracle circular; first flagellar segment of female about 0.8 as long
as wide and about 0.9 as long as second segment (fig. 182,f); front wing 3.0
to 3.8 mm. long; male unknown. ... . . . 2. curvator (Fabricius)
3. Head fulvous, the occiput brownish; front wing 3.7 mm. long.
3. fulviceps, new species
Head black, the upper part of face pale; front wing 2.25 to 2.85 mm. long.
4. cuneata, new species
1. Hypsicera femoralis (Fourcroy)
Ficures 176,a; 182,e
Ichneumon femoralis Fourcroy, 1785, Entomologia parisiensis, p. 396,?9. Type:
on window of home, ?Paris, France (lost).
Exochus laevis Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 286; 3, @.
Lectotype: 9, Illinois (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.8 to 5.0 mm. long; head about 0.72 as long as high
in male, about 0.83 as long as high in female; lateral ocellus of male
separated from eye by about 0.9 its diameter; first flagellar segment
of female about 2.0 as long as wide and about 1.8 as long as second
flagellar segment; costula present, strong; outer side of second lateral
area of propodeum about 1.0 as long as inner side; propodeal spiracle
elongate; tarsal claws with a short pecten; second abscissa of radius
about 0.7 as long as intercubitus; first tergite about 1.3 as long as wide
in male, about 1.25 as long as wide in female; second tergite with fine,
rather weak, rather close punctures but centrally the punctures very
sparse or absent; male squama rather long, spatulate, and weakly
convex; apex of penis without spines.
Black. Legs completely and uniformly ferruginous; face near
antennal sockets ferruginous; antenna brown, paler below, the scape
162 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
and pedicel of male very pale on under outer side; mandible fer-
ruginous, infuscate basally; palpi pale fulvous; tegula fulvous;
pronotum stained with fulvous next to tegula; male squama brown.
This species has many close relatives in the Oriental and Ethiopian
regions. It was described first from Europe, but judging from its
apparent habit of parasitizing Lepidoptera that infest stored products
in buildings, and from the distribution of related species, this species
probably originated in some warmer and drier part of the Old World
and took up with man during his later history. It has now established
itself in most parts of the world. Besides Nearctic material, we have
seen it from Brazil, Formosa, Hawaii, and Europe. Some published
records from parts of the Old World may be in error, as there are other
species which resemble it very closely.
Figure 98.—Localities for
Hypsicera femoralis.
Specimens (1167, 1419): From California (Davis, ‘‘Mokel Hill,”
Red Bluff, and Whittier); District of Columbia (Washington); IIli-
nois; lowa (Ames); Kansas (Baldwin City, Lawrence, Riley Co., and
Wellington); Kentucky (Crailhope and Green Co.); Maine (Mon-
mouth); Maryland; Massachusetts (Holliston, Melrose Highlands,
Middlesex Fells, and Petersham); Michigan (Ann Arbor, Aurelius,
Kast Lansing, Iosco Co., Midland Co., and Shiawassee Co.); Minne-
sota (Olmsted Co.); New Jersey (Moorestown); New York (Elmira,
Flatbush, Ithaca, New York, Poughkeepsie, and Sea Cliff); North
Carolina (Wake Co.); North Dakota (Fargo); Ohio (Summit Co. and
Wooster); Ontario (Jordan, ‘“Muskoka,’’ Ottawa, Ridgeway, and
Trenton); Oregon (Stayton); Pennsylvania (Hazelton, Highspire,
Lehigh Gap, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Wilawana) ;Quebec (Duches-
nay, Hemmingford, Lac Mercier, and Lanoraie); Virginia (Arlington,
Falls Church, Great Falls, Mechanicsville, and Vienna); Wisconsin
(Polk Co. and Salmo in Bayfield Co.); Cyprus; Formosa; Hawaii; and
Brazil.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 163
Biological data associated with these specimens include notes that
three of the collections were made on windows of buildings, one collec-
tion “at light’? and one “from wheat stack.” Dates of collection
range throughout the warm part of the season, and since this is a
largely indoor species it seems useless to give them in detail. Cresson’s
types of Exochus laevis seem to be the oldest specimens known from
North America. The oldest with an actual date on the pin label is
one from Muskoka, Ont., July 1888, collected by E. P. Van Duzee.
This is a cosmopolitan species which is collected usually on the
windows of buildings. Presumably it parasitizes some stored product
lepidopteran. Females are much commoner than males.
2. Hypsicera curvator (Fabricius), new combination
FicurE 182,f
Ichneumon curvator Fabricius, 1793, Entomologia systematica ..., vol. 2, p.
hide 9 Type: 9, Denmark (Copenhagen).
Ichneumon mansuetor Gravenhorst, 1807, Vergleichende Uebersicht des linneischen
und einiger neuern zoologischen Systeme ..., p. 254; new synonyny.
Types: @ 2, no locality given but probably from central Europe (Wroclaw) ;
p. 254; new synonymy.
Hyperacmus tineae Riley, 1890, Insect life, vol. 2, p. 213; 9. Types: @ 9,
Adrian, Mich. (Washington).
Hyperacmus ovatus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 218; 9.
Lectotype: 9, Connecticut (Philadelphia).
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 3.0 to 3.8 mm. long; head about 0.86 as long
as high; first flagellar segment about 0.8 as long as wide, about 0.9
as long as second segment; costula present, strong; outer side of
second lateral area of propodeum about 1.6 as long as inner side;
propodeal spiracle circular; tarsal claws apparently simple; second
abcissa of radius about 1.0 as long as intercubitus; first tergite about
Ficures 99, 100.—Localities: 99 (left), Hypsicera curvator; 100 (right), H. fulviceps.
164 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
0.95 as long as wide; second tergite with uniformly spaced, moderate-
sized punctures, their interspaces about 2.5 their diameter.
Black. Legs completely and uniformly ferruginous; face near
antennal sockets stained with ferruginous; antenna brown, paler
below; mandible ferruginous, infuscate basally; palpi and tegula
fulvous; pronotum stained with fulvous next to tegula.
Specimens (729): From British Columbia (“Corfield”’ and Robson) ;
Colorado (Boulder); Maine (Brunswick, Hancock, and Winthrop);
Michigan (Adrian); Minnesota (Olmstead Co.); New Brunswick
(Fredericton); New Hampshire (Mount Washington); New York
(Bemus Point, Catskill Mts., Ithaca, and Onteora Mt. in Greene Co.);
Nova Scotia (White Point Beach in Queens Co.); Ontario (Blackburn
in Hastings Co., Maymouth in Hastings Co., St. Thomas, and
Trenton) ; Oregon (Corvallis and Independence) ; Pennsylvania (Hazel-
ton and Wilawana); Quebec (Aylmer); Washington (Ashford and
Olympia) ; Belgium; and Germany.
Collection dates are all in June, July, and August except for one
on March 12 at Trenton, Ont., and one on September 10 at Frederic-
ton, N. B. The types of Hyperacmus tineae from Adrian, Mich.,
seem to be the first specimens collected in America. They are dated
July 17 and 18, 1885. These were reared from Tinea pellionella.
Four females from Fredericton, N. B. were reared from this same
host Sept. 10, 1932, by G. P. Walker. We have collected the species
on the window of a home at Ashford, Wash., infested with clothes
moths. One specimen from Trenton, Ont. was collected ‘at light.”
This is a cosmopolitan species which is sometimes collected on win-
dows of buildings. It parasitizes clothes moths. Only female speci-
mens are known.
3. Hypsicera fulviceps, new species
FicurE 182,g¢
Female type: Front wing 3.7 mm. long; head 0.84 as long as high;
first flagellar segment 2.3 as long as wide, 2.3 as long as second
flagellar segment; costula entirely absent; median longitudinal carinae
of propodeum exactly straight and parallel; propodeal spiracle cir-
cular; second abscissa of radius 1.1 as long as intercubitus; tarsal
claws apparently simple; first tergite 1.45 as long as wide; punctures
on second tergite moderately coarse, their interspaces about 1.5 their
diameter, on apical 0.12 of tergite the punctures smaller and sparser.
Black. Head and its appendages fulvous, the frons yellowish baso-
laterally, the occiput brownish, and the flagellum brownish apically;
tegula yellowish; pronotum narrowly yellowish next to tegula; legs
fulvoferruginous.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 165
Type: 9, Galax, Va., Aug. 28, 1955, H. and M. Townes (Wash-
ington, USNM 63640).
4. Hypsicera cuneata, new species
FieurE 182,h
Front wing of male about 2.25 mm. long, of female 2.7 to 2.85 mm.
long; head of male about 0.80 as long as high, of female about 1.13
as long as high; lateral ocellus of male separated from eye by about
1.35 its diameter; first flagellar segment of female about 1.9 as long
as wide, about 1.9 as long as second flagellar segment; costula entirely
absent; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum straight, weakly
divergent posteriorly; propodeal spiracle circular; second abscissa of
radius about 1.0 as long as intercubitus; tarsal claws apparently
simple; first tergite of male about 1.40 as long as wide, of female about
1.35 as long as wide; punctures on second tergite moderately large,
rather weak, evenly distributed, their interspaces about 2.0 times
their diameter.
There are two subspecies, distinguishable on color as keyed and
described below:
1. Frons of male entirely black; female hind femur fulvous, tinged with brown;
basal half of female flagellum light brown; range: Alleghenian fauna.
4a, cuneata cuneata, new subspecies
Frons of male pale yellow ventrolaterally; female hind femur brown; basal
half of female flagellum medium brown; range: Alaska, Alberta, California,
ANGCATIZOND ny 61 echr-end urn emesi e 4b. cuneata opaca, new subspecies
4a. Hypsicera cuneata cuneata, new subspecies
Male: Black. Upper third of face light fulvous or yellowish
except laterally, ventrally shading into the blackish color of rest of
face; antenna light brown basally, shading to dark brown apically;
mandible brown; palpi stramineous; tegula yellow; pronotum next
to tegula narrowly stained with fulvous; legs fulvous, the hind femur
apically and hind tibia basally a little infuscate and the hind coxa
basally stained with brown.
Female: Black. Face near antennal sockets strongly stained with
fulvous; antenna light brown basally, shading to medium brown
apically; mandible brown; palpi stramineous; tegula yellowish fulvous;
pronotum next to tegula narrowly stained with fulvous; legs fulvous,
the hind femur medially vaguely stained with brown and the hind
coxa mostly brown.
Type: 9, Westerly, R. I., Sept. 1, 1936, M. Chapman (Washington,
USNM 63641).
Paratypes: o, Casco, Maine, Aug. 11, 1944, J. C. Bradley (Townes).
9, Bemus Point, N. Y., Jul. 21, 1937, H. Townes (Townes). 9,
166 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficures 101, 102.—Localities, subspecies of Hypsicera cuneata: 101 (left), cuneata: 102
(right), opaca.
Shaker Heights, Ohio, Aug. 26, 1939, E. D. McDonald (Townes).
o', Waubamick, Ont., 1915, H. S. Parish (Ithaca). 9, Westerly,
R.I., Aug. 25, 1946, M. Townes (Townes).
This subspecies is known from Ontario and northeastern United
States.
4b. Hypsicera cuneata opaca, new subspecies
Fiacure 182,h
Male: Black. Upper 0.65 of face and lower lateral part of frons
pale yellow; scape and pedicel brown, the scape yellow below; flagel-
lum blackish brown; mandible ferruginous; palpi pale stramineous;
legs fulvous, the hind tibia infuscate at extreme base and the basal
0.6 of hind coxa brown.
Female: Black. Face near antennal sockets strongly stained
with fulvous; antenna medium brown basally, shading to dark brown
apically; mandible and palpi light brown; tegula light fulvous;
pronotum next to tegula narrowly stained with ferruginous; legs
brown, the front pair palest and hind pair darkest brown; hind coxa
dark brown, darker than the rest of hind leg.
Type: 9, Grizzly Mt. at 3,000 ft., Slave Lake, Alta., Aug. 15, 1924,
O. Bryant (Washington, USNM 63642).
Paratypes: 2, Lower Tonsina, Alaska, July 15, 1953, W. C. Frohne
(Washington). 9°, Rustler Park at 8,000 to 9,000 ft., Chiricahua
Mts., Ariz., July 26, 1927, J. A. Kusche (San Francisco). o, Moun-
tain Home, San Bernadino Co., Calif., Sept. 12, 1953, E. I. Schlinger
(Davis).
This subspecies occurs in western North America, apparently in
the Canadian zone.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 167
19. Stethoncus, new genus
Figure 177,a
Front wing 3.5 to 4.2 mm. long; body punctation fine and weak;
combined face and clypeus strongly convex transversely, weakly
convex vertically, the upper edge of face produced as a broad triangular
point which is turned backward between the antennal bases almost
at a right angle and separated from rest of face by a strong transverse
carina; frons rather strongly convex, without a median process or
carina; head in profile sloping obliquely from hind margin of hind
ocelli to point usually occupied by occipital carina; temple strongly
convex; occipital carina very weak laterally, elsewhere absent; cheek
about 1.3 as long as basal width of mandible; mandible broad, with a
carina along its lower edge, rectangular with its apex obliquely
truncate, its upper tooth wide and short, its lower tooth very wide
and very short, its apex oblique; labrum concealed; flagellum filiform,
rather short, especially in female; upper margin of pronotum very
wide and swollen; propleurum strongly swollen and convex; scutel-
lum convex, rather long, without lateral carina; areolet absent;
intercubitus separated from second recurrent by about 0.7 its length;
nervulus postfurcal by about 0.5 its length; nervellus strongly in-
clivous, weakly broken near its lower 0.2; prepectal carina complete,
its dorsal end joining front end of subtegular ridge; sternaulus repre-
sented by a broad, short, weak impression; metapleurum polished,
with a band of small setiferous punctures along its upper margin,
elsewhere impunctate and hairless; propodeum moderately long,
declivous beyond its apical transverse carina, completely carinated
except that median basal area and areola are confluent; propodeal
spiracle small, round; legs stout; base of hind coxa weakly produced
behind its socket so that it does not form a distinct posterior shoulder;
second trochanter of front and middle legs incompletely fused with
its femur; spurs of middle tibia rather short, of approximately equal
length; tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen somewhat narrowed
basally; first tergite narrow basally, its spiracle near its basal 0.4,
its lateral longitudinal carina strong and complete, its median dorsal
carinae strong basally, fading out near apical 0.3; second tergite
without dorsal carinae; epipleurum of first tergite vestigial, of second
tergite very narrow, of third and following tergites wide; seventh
tergite not retracted in either sex.
Genotype: Stethoncus arcticus, new species.
The generic name is from the Greek ‘‘stethos”’ (breast) plus ‘‘onkos”’
(tumor), referring to the swollen propleurum.
This genus contains the genotype from arctic America, described
451582—59—_12
168 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
below, and undescribed species from Germany and the mountains of
South India.
Stethoncus arcticus, new species
Figure 177,a
Front wing 3.5 to 4.2 mm. long; flagellum with about 24 segments,
the median segments about 1.4 as long as wide in male, about 0.58
as long as wide in female; transverse carina across top of face faintly
up-bowed; punctures on mesopleurum small and rather weak, their
interspaces about 3.5 times their diameter; metapleurum with band
of hairs along its upper margin, the hair band rather wide and irregular
in male, very narrow in female; punctures on second abdominal
tergite very fine and weak, their interspaces about 3.5 times their
diameter.
Black. Flagellum blackish brown; tegula brown; legs brownish
fulvous, the middle and hind coxae blackish brown. The legs of the
female are darker than in the male, the femora being reddish brown.
An undescribed species from the mountains of South India is very
similar to this one but has all coxae fulvous and the transverse carina
across the top of the face rather strongly up-bowed.
Type: o', Fort Chimo, Labrador, July 22, L. M. Turner (Wash-
ington, USNM 63643).
Paratypes: 9, Mount McKinley at 2,600 ft., Alaska, Aug. 15, 1954,
D. Townes (Townes). 4 o, same data as type (Washington and
Townes). o, Nain, Labrador, Aug. 17, 1908, Owen Bryant (Wash-
ington). o', Ungava Bay, Labrador, July 22, L. M. Turner (Wash-
ington). o, 9, Churchill, Man., July 29 and Aug. 1, 1937, W. J.
Brown (Ottawa). co, Tuckermans Ravine, Mount Washington.
N. H., Aug. 24, 1951, H. and D. Townes (Townes).
This is an Arctic species.
20. Synosis, new genus
FicurE 175,b
Front wing 3.3 to 5.5 mm. long; punctures on body of moderate
size; combined face and clypeus more strongly convex transversely
than vertically, upper margin of face produced upward a little between
the antennal sockets, the point of process truncate or weakly retuse;
temple strongly convex; head in profile with an almost vertical,
weakly rounded slope from hind margin of hind ocelli to point usually
occupied by occipital carina; occipital carina entirely absent; cheek
about 1.0 as long as basal width of mandible; mandible of moderate
size, tapered apically, its lower tooth smaller than upper tooth;
labrum projecting a little beyond margin of clypeus; flagellum of
moderate length, filiform; upper margin of pronotum a little thickened,
with a faint submarginal groove; propleurum weakly convex; scutellum
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 169
Figure 103.—Locality for
Stethoncus arcticus.
moderately convex, without lateral carina; areolet absent; intercubitus
separated from second recurrent by about 1.1 its length; nervulus
postfurcal by about 0.55 its length; nervellus strongly inclivous,
weakly broken near its lower 0.2; prepectal carina complete, its upper
end joining front end of subtegular ridge; sternaulus a weak impression
that extends about half the length of mesopleurum; metapleurum
polished, with a band of hairs along its upper margin, elsewhere bare;
propodeum convex, more strongly declivous behind apical transverse
carina, with carinae as in figure 175,b, its median longitudinal carinae
approaching closely or fused at base of areola; propodeal spiracle
rather small, subcircular; legs moderately stout; hind coxa a little
produced posterior to its socket to make a weak, rounded shoulder
behind; second trochanter of front and middle legs incompletely fused
with its femur; front spur of middle tibia about twice as long as hind
spur; tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen a little narrowed
basally; first tergite moderately wide basally, its lateral longitudinal
carina strong to the apex, its median longitudinal carinae strong on
basal half, absent from apical half; second tergite without dorsal
carinae; epipleura of first two tergites vestigial, of third and following
tergites wide; female subgenital plate weakly sclerotized, unspecialized.
Genotype: Synosis clepsydra, new species.
The generic name is from the Greek “‘synosis” (a squeezing together),
referring to the convergence of the median longitudinal carinae of the
propodeum.
There is a single known species, which is described below.
Synosis clepsydra, new species
Figure 175,b
Front wing 3.3 to 5.5 mm. long; punctures of mesopleurum fine,
their interspaces about 2.0 times their diameter; punctures of second
abdominal tergite moderately fine, their interspaces about 1.7 times
their diameter.
170 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 104.—Localities for
Synosis clepsydra.
Black. Face, lower corner of frons, rarely narrow frontal orbit,
cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, scape and pedicel beneath, tegula, and
subtegular ridge, pale yellow; flagellum dark brown, light brown
beneath; hind corner of pronotum fulvous and yellow; legs fulvous;
first three abdominal tergites often stained with ferruginous apically.
Type: 2, Camino, Calif., June 27, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63644).
Paratypes: 2, Kaslo, B. C., 1903, R. P. Currie (Washington). 0,
Crawford Co., Ind., May, C. H. Kennedy (Townes). 9°, Auburndale,
Mass., June 17 (Townes). 9, Forest Hills, Mass., May 21, 1909
(Cambridge). o, Midland Co., Mich., June 24, 1951, R. R. Dreisbach
(Dreisbach). o, 9, Cranberry Lake, N. Y., June 22, 1924, E. A.
Hartley (Washington). 9, Flatbush, N. Y., June 10, 1890, J. L.
Zabriskie (Cambridge). 9, Kirks Ferry, Que., Aug. 10, 1950, B. P.
Beirne (Ottawa). 9, Knowlton, Que., July 28, 1936, G. S. Walley
(Ottawa). 9, Wright, Que., June 10, 1935, F. A. Urquhart (Ottawa).
2, Mount Equinox, Bennington Co., Vt., June 5, 1910, C. W. Johnson
(Cambridge). 9, Saint Johnsbury, Vt., June 27, 1906 (Cambridge).
9, Griffith State Nursery, Wood Co., Wis., July 3, 1949, R. D. Shenefelt
(Madison).
This species is transcontinental in the Transition zone. Most
adults have been taken in June and July.
21. Genus Exochus
Figures 163,b; 177,b
Exochus Gravenhorst, 1829, Ichneumonologia europaea, vol. 3, p. 328. Type:
Ichneumon gravipes Gravenhorst; designated by Viereck, 1912.
Amesolytus Foerster, 1868, Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, vol. 25, p. 161. Type:
Amesolytus ferrugineus Ashmead; included by Ashmead, 1896.
Mima Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 206, 219; name preoccupied.
Type: Mima washingtonensis Davis; monobasic.
Xanthexochus Morley, 1913, Fauna of British India . . , Hymenoptera, vol. 3,
p. 292; new synonymy. Type: Xanthexochus scutellatus Morley; original
designation.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 171
Front wing 2.7 to 7.5 mm. long; body punctation rather fine; com-
bined face and clypeus strongly convex but of various kinds of con-
vexity according to the species; upper margin of face produced as a
triangular point between bases of antennae, this triangular point with
a median vertical carina behind, which continues between antennal
sockets to base of frons; frons without a median process, except in
certain Oriental species which have a median compressed ridge on
frons; temple flat to strongly convex, usually rather long, so that the
head is subcubical; cheek usually about 0.5 as long as basal width of
mandible; mandible strongly tapered toward apex, its lower tooth
much smaller than upper tooth; areolet absent; intercubitus separated
from second recurrent by about 1.2 its length; nervulus sometimes
interstitial but usually postfurcal, usually strongly postfurcal; nervel-
lus strongly inclivous, broken near its lower 0.2; prepectal carina com-
plete, its upper end joining front end of subtegular ridge; sternaulus
usually absent or indistinct, rarely present as a short sharp impression;
metapleurum polished, impunctate, or sometimes with a few scattered
punctures; propodeum usually almost or quite completely areolated,
the costula frequently absent, the median basal area and areola often
confluent, and sometimes other carinae lacking; propodeal spiracle
elongate; legs stout or very stout; base of hind coxa not or weakly pro-
duced behind its socket so that there is little or no basal shoulder on
hind side; second trochanter of front and middle legs almost or quite
completely fused with its femur; front spur of middle tibia shorter
than hind spur, except in an Australian species, usually very much
shorter than hind spur; tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen
parallel-sided or tapered toward base; first tergite at base rather nar-
row to broad, its spiracle near its basal 0.3, its lateral longitudinal
carina strong to apex, its median longitudinal carinae strong basally,
but not reaching apex; second tergite without dorsal carinae; epipleura
of first two tergites vestigial, of third and following tergites rather
wide; seventh tergite not retracted in either sex; female subgenital
plate weakly sclerotized, not specialized.
The genus Hxochus is worldwide in distribution and is the largest
genus of the subfamily. It is especially well represented in deciduous
woods of the Northern Hemisphere. We have divided the Nearctic
species into a number of species groups, to facilitate the comprehension
of their characters and relationships and to simplify the problems of
specific descriptions. There are additional species groups in other
parts of the world. The genus in the broad sense in which we use it
contains a rather miscellaneous assemblage of species, but one which it
would seem unwise to subdivide into genera or subgenera because of
the necessity to recognize about a dozen genera or subgenera for the
assemblage if it were subdivided at all, some of which would be very
172 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
difficult to define with the precision expected for such categories. The
less formal divisions of species groups seem more appropriate in this
case.
An unusual characteristic of the genus is that many of the species
give off a pungent odor when disturbed (as when caught in a net).
This odor seems identical with that of Coccygomimus, Ephialtes, and
Echthromorpha, and in relation to their smaller size it is just as potent.
We have noticed the odor on several species in the field and have field
notes of it for the species russeus, albifrons, atriceps, decoratus, and
dorsalis. For some species we failed to make a written record and for
others (e. g., HZ. tectulum) we could not detect an odor.
Key to the Nearctic species of Exochus
(Exochus albiceps Walsh is not included. It is discussed at the end of
the genus, on p. 266.)
1. Epipleurum of third tergite pie tee ity the basal 0.75 of the mesal edge
straight or slightly concave. .. . MPs PPR a iare ae)
Epipleurum of third tergite somniemullt or Sipiectanoulart the basal 0.75 of
the mesal edge strongly convex... . L pe ictmayes gil
2. Frons laterally yellow, the yellow area ppaiimans ‘6 ‘op of eye or rarely
with a narrow interruption, apical transverse carina of propodeum usually
absent or incomplete between the lateral longitudinal carinae; front spur
middle tibia about 0.75 aslong ashindspur. PIcTUS GROUP. ..... 3
Frons laterally black, or if partly yellow or white, this color is not continuous
to top of eye; apical transverse carina of propodeum complete; front spur
of middle tibia 0.40 to 0.85 as long as hind spur. . . . ENA Mas a catO
3. Thorax black, the upper margin of pronotum and the eno ae ridge yellow;
apical transverse carina of propodeum present medially, at least as vestiges.
4. pictus Holmgren
Thorax black in ground color but extensively marked with yellow and ferru-
ginous; apical transverse carina of propodeum entirely absent medially . 4
4, Apical transverse carina of propodeum present mesad of lateral longitudinal
carina as a short projecting stub; lower front edge of metapleurum produced
ventrad as a lamella that is about 0.55 as deep as long; first lateral area of
propodeum usually more or less ferruginous. . . 5. russeus, new species
Apical transverse carina of propodeum entirely absent mesad of lateral
longitudinal carina; lower front edge of metapleurum produced ventrad
as a lamella which is about 0.3 as BeeR as long; first lateral area of propodeum
enbirelysblacks ih. oe . .. . . 6. enodis, new species
5. Nervulus interstitial with baal vein, or Poised of basal vein by less than
0.28 of its length; front spur of middle tibia about 0.85 as long as hind spur.
GRAVIPES GROUP .. . ho Lees 16
Nervulus distad of basal vein ivi more ie 0. 30 BE as ieieths front spur of
middle tibia 0.45 to 0.60 as long as hind spur. PULLATUS GROUP... 9
6. Notaulus an ovoid impression, the long axis of which parallels edge of meso-
cutum; combined areola and basal area of propodeum 1.5 to 1.7 as long as
wide; metapleurum with a few discal hairs. GRAVIPES SUBGROUP.
10. gravipes (Gravenhorst)
10.
ae
12.
13.
14.
15.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Lis
Notaulus a pit which is either circular or somewhat elongate at right angles
to edge of mesoscutum; combined areola and basal area of propodeum 1.9
to 2.3 as long as wide; eT with many discal hairs. SEMIRUFUS
od
SUBGROUP .. . ORD od
. Abdomen entirely Bibek aeodd ‘and ctihibd seemientst of hind faiths pale
fulvous, brownish apically ... . . .. .. %. bryanti, new species
Abdomen partly or almost entirely forieinens) second and third segments of
hind tarsus dark brown .. . 2h EAE, 8
. Coxae fulvous, or rarely black; chen ftageliar sopments, of malé about 1.15
as long as wide, of female about 1.1 as long as wide.
8. semirufus Cresson
Coxae black; median flagellar segments of male about 1.0 as long as wide, of
female about 0.88 aslongas wide. . . . . . . 9. elimatus, new species
. Notaulus a subcircular pit, from which a short depression leads backwards
(the depression strong in male, subobsolete in female); hind femur about
2.3 as long as deep in male, 1.6 to 2.1 as long as deep in female; front wing
3.4 to 5.0 mm. long; hind tibia fulvous, usually somewhat infuscate at base
and apex (fig. 192,d) . oe. ee se » . 13. washingtonensis (Davis)
Notaulus a short sharp groove, deep anteriorly, quickly fading out posteriorly;
hind femur about 2.5 to 2.6 as long as deep; front wing 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long;
hind tibia uniformly fulvous. . . . sgt een LO
Coxae and first trochanters fulvous; front spur of hind Livin diootat 0.84 as
long as depth of its tibia; temple shorter, in profile about 0.80 as long as
eye in male, about 0.85 as long aseyeinfemale. . . 11. litus, new species
Coxae and first trochanters blackish; front spur of hind tibia about 0.67 as
long as depth of its tibia; temple longer, in profile about 1.4 as long as eye in
male, about 1.2 as long as eye infemale . . . 12. pullatus, new species
Occipital carina complete dorsally... . . Ogos . 12
Occipital carina absent dorsally, or if partially pressns dorsally ie is incomplete
medially». 0.05). rogent . 14
Interantennal process oe fies ik fem neelte broloniseds its foviekt not close to
frons; notaulus present as a shallow pit; front wing 3.4 to 4.3 mm. long.
STENOSTOMA GROUP ... . . .. . . 1. stenostoma, new species
Interantennal process of face sarolpaned as an attenuate point that comes
close to frons or actually touches frons; notaulus absent; front wing 4.5
to 6.3 mm. long. MITRATUS GROUP .. . Pio ate. 13
Apex of interantennal process not touching frosty séparntad from it bya
distinct gap; hind femur fulvous. . .. . . . 2. mitratus Gravenhorst
Apex of interantennal process ae and fused with frons; hind femur
blackish y 40.1. : ... . . 3. turgidus Holmgren
Median half of olypeal cea Sar ennies convex or weakly angled medially
(fig. 179,0); mandible of female with a strong subbasal transverse groove,
immediately apicad of which the mandible is strongly inflated (fig. 190,u) ;
mandible of male not specialized (fig. 190,r). MANDIBULARIS GROUP. . 15
Median half of clypeal margin truncate or somewhat concave (figs. 179, h—n) ;
mandible of both sexes without a subbasal transverse groove and not in-
Hates ost ‘ wraioy, 16
Second nb daraanea termite Seite about. 400 heirs wk ne ideéutatus Holmgren
Second abdominal tergite with about 100 to 150 hairs.
55. mandibularis Cushman
174 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
16.
Lisi
18.
193
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
Lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum absent basad of the spiracle, else-
where weak; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum entirely absent
(fig. 188,h). ATRICEPS GROUP... . . ... . 19. atriceps Walsh
Lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum Commmliete and. strong; median lon-
gitudinal carinae of propodeum present (figs. 188,f,g,i,j). ... . . 17
Median carinae of propodeum subparallel, not bent inward just basad of posi-
tion of costula but sometimes gradually convergent basally (fig. 188,f);
first abdominal tergite slender, 2.7 to 3.1 as long as it is wide at its basal
corners. MONTIVAGUS GROUP... . shel canoe) 58
Median carinae of propodeum bent ngind oe besdd of a uikien of costula
(figs. 188,g,i,j); first abdominal tergite stouter, 1.4 to 2.5 as long as it is
wide at its basal corners. .. . eich isaxn?20
Tergites 1 through 6 with a large eas eee Sennen dtiaxigle: side of
frons entirely pale; median carinae of propodeum convergent basally.
16. spinalis, new species
Tergites 1 through 6 entirely black; side of frons partly or entirely black;
median carinae of propodeum pub darnilell: diary sated Gist 19
Side of frons entirely black; apex of hind femur yellow (fig. "192 ye).
14. montivagus, new species
Side of frons mostly yellow; apex of hind femur fuscoferruginous (fig. 192,f).
15. ochreatus, new species
Pale spots at top of eyes elongate and somewhat convergent posteriorly;
second lateral area of propodeum completely covered with hairs (fig. 188,g) ;
second abdominal tergite about 0.75 as long as wide, its punctures rather
dense and sharp; basal 0.2 of hind tibia yellow, beyond which it is abruptly
ferruginous or fuscous (figs. 192,h,i). SIGNIFRONS GROUP. ..... 21
Pale spots at top of eyes subcircular or subtriangular; second lateral area of
propodeum usually only partly hairy or almost or quite bare (figs. 188,i,j);
second abdominal tergite about 0.6 to 1.6 as long as wide; hind tibia basally
fuscous, ferruginous, or whitish, but not exactly as described above . . 22
Frons without a median high compressed carina, though a little produced
centrally ; hiad femur whitish to ae the apex always yellow or whitish
(fig. 192,h):.. 0.0. ... .. IW. flavifrontalis Davis
Frons with a median igh coanpeeredl carina which almost meets the inter-
antennal process of face; hind femur ferruginous, sometimes a little infus-
cate or yellowish on the apex (fig. 192,i) . . . 18. dentifrons, new species
Sternaulus distinct and rather sharp, extending about 0.3 the length of the
mesosternum; punctures on abdominal tergites so fine and weak that they
are difficult to see; hind tibia stramineous, fuscous at base and with an
indistinct infuscate stripe on front side (fig. 193,a). SULCATUS GROUP.
20. sulcatus, new species
Sternaulus not distinct; punctures on abdominal tergites of moderate size
and moderately conspicuous; hind tibia colored otherwise in the Nearctic
species. TIBIALIS GROUP. . afsst idihaanm 2238
Hind femur and tibia entirely blackiank 3 tite: "95. hein doen new species
Hind femur and tibia ce pale or Rat te marked with white,
yellow, or fulvous. .. . : HS 24
Hind tibia fulvous, without any Gwititiah area, ante thes al an dion apical
0.15+ often infuscate. . . - bose 25
Hind tibia whitish basally, pabbacalin median or sali dat antirely the rest
blackish, infuseate fulvous, or in E. albifrons fulvous with the apex in-
FUSCATE se Gs BO ee ee PE S| Ae ae ee ere
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
ol.
32.
33.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE ve
Point of interantennal process of face with a 45° angle; head flattened in
front; hind corner of pronotum yellow. . . . . . 53. silus, new species
Point of interantennal process of face with a 60° to 100° angle; head not
flattened in front; hind corner of pronotum usually black... . . . 26
Apical margin of clypeus weakly concave; temple swollen, the head as wide
across midlength of temple as across eyes; coxae black.
22. evetriae Rohwer
Apical margin of clypeus subtruncate or in general outline weakly convex;
temple not swollen, the head much narrower across midlength of temples
than across eyes; coxae fulvous, rarely black in H. nigripalpis . . . 27
Central 0.75 of clypeal margin truncate, the lateral 0.12 weakly upturned;
hind femur of female 2.05 as long as deep (male unknown); face entirely
la ckeAseiae : . . . . 23. hiuleus, new species
Central 0.6 of clypeal margin eaiubate: the lateral 0.20 weakly upturned;
hind femur of male about 2.45 as long as deep, of female about 2.35 as long
as deep; face black, usually with a dorsal median pale mark.
24. nigripalpis Thompson
Hind tibia whitish for almost entire length of its dorsal edge, the rest of the
tibia fulvous or brownish (fig. 194,h); face of female blackish with a dorso-
lateral yellowish white area (fig. 179,k). (Male unknown.)
36. externus, new species
Hind tibia variously marked with white, fulvous, or blackish, the markings
mostly encircling the tibia, never making a continuous whitish stripe along
its dorsal edge; face white, black, or variously marked, but never blackish
with a dorsolateral yellowish white area... . BST D9
Hind tibia whitish medially or submedially, pale bron ic Hiack on its basal
0.1 to 0.4, the apex fulvous to blackish (or white in some specimens of
Exochus yanitalis) (figs. 194,a-g; 194,i-195,e). . .. Tite, ah 30
Hind tibia whitish basally, the whitish area including thes exinenie base and
extending 0.15 to 0.9 the length of the tibia, the apex of the tibia fulvous
to’ black (figs. 195,f-196,f)'. .... ecb Al
Front spur of hind tibia about 4.1 as long as savides pacdien Pectiok of posterior
transverse carina of mesosternum with a anvails weak, blunt projection on
each side; face and clypeus of female blackish, the upper margin of face
and lower margin of clypeus whitish. . . . . . . 21. annulicrus Walsh
Front spur of hind tibia 1.8 to 3.8 as long as wide; otherwise not entirely as
ADOVEs.is 28 Sisk, = “oil
First to fourth cdements of hind tarts hitel distinetly: darkened (brown to
black) at apex (figs. 193,i; 194,f,¢); front spur of hind tibia 2.4 to 3.2 as
long as wide. . . . MSR! (B2
First to fourth Peanuts of tind tarsus miitishs not at alle or only faintly
darkened (stramineous) at apex; front spur of hind tibia 1.8 to 3.8 as long
asiwide:. een SSGO RI (Sho
Thorax mostly felis peneaih and Tnbaradige franithy wing 5. 3 és 6.3 mm. long;
combined clypeus and face distinctly flattened ventrally.
28. armillosus, new species
Thorax black beneath and laterally with restricted pale yellow markings,
rarely with restricted fulvous areas; front wing 3.3 to 5.8 mm. long; com-
bined face and clypeus evenly convex. . . EH SS
Hind tibia with approximately its basal 0.20 mad biota 0. 40 Giackich (fig.
194,f); clypeus entirely whitish... . . . . . 34. peroniae, new species
176 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
34.
35.
36.
ov.
38.
39.
40.
41,
Hind tibia with approximately its basal 0.15 and apical 0.63 blackish (fig.
194,¢); clypeus white with its apical edge blackish.
35. cnemidotus, new species
Front spur of hind tibia 3.0 to 3.8 as long as wide. . ..... 4... 385
Front spur of hind tibia 1.8 to 2.7 aslong as wide. ... . . 40
Hind coxa and femur ivory white; hind tibia white, black at ee nomaaticnen
rather narrowly blackish at apex (fig. 194,e). . 33. genualis, new species
Hind coxa and femur fulvous, the femur usually fulvous at apex; hind tibia
white, blackish at base and broadly blackish at apex (figs. 194,a-d) . 36
Frons next to eye white for its entire height; hind ocellus separated from eye
by 0.2 to 0.5 its long eran median longitudinal carinae of propodeum
weak. : 1 Rast: EY Ail... OU,
Frons next to eye partly or panirely piece find oneliyers se onraten from eye
by 0.6 to 1.1 its long diameter; median ignored carinae of propodeum
StTON GS le Otat S-Di . oS
Frons black eae hits eerie hind Bealls of female separated from
eye by about 0.45 its long diameter; ground color of thorax blackish, though
fulvous markings are very extensive. . . . 30. virgatifrons, new species
Frons entirely white except for a median ventral pair of small spots and an
area enclosing ocelli; hind ocellus of female separated from eye by about
0.25 its long diameter; ground color of thorax fulvous.
31. ferrugineus (Ashmead)
Metapleurum entirely black, or if partly fulvous then the mesoscutum is also
fulvous; front wing 3.8 to 4.9 mm. long; punctures on second abdominal
tergite small, the sublateral ones separated by about twice their diameter.
32. mesorufus, new species
Metapleurum entirely fulvous, or if only partly fulvous then the mesoscutum
is entirely black; front wing 4.9 to 7.5 mm. long; punctures on second
abdominal tergite of moderate size, the sublateral ones separated by about
1.3 to 1.7 their diameter. . . . hens « of
Combined face and clypeus about sb 36 as igh: as peace: pen of female
as convex as the face. . . . ... . . 27. rutilatus, new species
Combined face and clypeus Shout 1.02 as high as wide; clypeus of female
somewhat flattened, distinctly less convex than the ee
29. brutus, new species
Basal dark area of hind tibia 0.40 to 0.45 as long as apical dark area (as
measured on dorsal edge of tibia; figs. 195,a,b) ; apical angle of interantennal
process of face 55° to 75°; hind femur without a whitish area at apex or
with a small indistinct nits area (figs. 195,a,b). . . . Picld. AL
Basal dark area of hind tibia 0.50 to 0.75 as long as iS apieal aan area (as
measured on dorsal edge of tibia; figs. 194,i; 195,c-e); apical angle of inter-
antennal process of face 85° to 120°; hind femur with a distinct whitish
area at apex, except in some specimens of H. spilotus. . ..... . 42
Female: Upper margin of pronotum pale yellow from hind corner to epomia;
face and clypeus pale yellow, the face usually with a large median blackish
triangle or sometimes more extensively black, the clypeus always pale
yellow; flagellum with 26 to 28 segments. . . . 38. signifer, new species
Female: upper margin of pronotum pale yellow only at hind corner; face and
clypeus black, the upper edge of face with a transverse pale yellow band
(fig. 179,n); flagellum with about 21 segments.
39. transversus, new species
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Vea
42. Hind coxa and femur blackish, the femur yellowish at apex (fig. 194,i); top
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49,
50.
of head without a yellow spot next to eye; lower edge of face and most of
clypeus blackish (fig. 179,l). . . . . . . . . .37. ecapnodes, new species
Hind coxa and femur fulvous, the femur pale yellow or whitish at apex; top
of head with a pale yellow spot next to eye; face and gies entirely pale
yellowish or white... . . os 43
Combined face and clypeus About 1. 20 : as Daioh as aide! in joel) about 1.08
as high as wide in female, uniformly convex or with the clypeus weakly
bulging, their punctures rather small, somewhat sparser on clypeus; scu-
tellum laterally without white or with a very narrow, an interrupted, or
an obscure whitish margin; hind femur about 2.20 as long as wide in male,
about 2.11 as long as wide in female (fig. 195,c).
40. postfurealis, new species
Combined face and clypeus about 1.03 as high as wide, more or less flattened
below, especially in female, the punctures on lower part of face coarse and
close, on clypeus abruptly sparser; scutellum laterally with a rather wide
white margin, except sometimes in H. spilotus; hind femur 1.89 to 2.20 as
long as wide in male, about 1.60 to 1.97 as long as wide in female (figs.
NOS dse)usnce a0. yu weelee Ak
Thoracic pleura a eters piace, eannae fulvone eeeiaa except at coxal
articulations; apical angle of interantennal process of frons about 90°.
41. spilotus, new species
Thoracic pleura and sterna mostly or entirely fulvous; apical angle of inter-
antennal process of frons about 105° . . . . . . . 42. dorsalis Cresson
Hind tibia whitish on its basal 0.15+, fulvous from thence to near its apical
0.2+, the apical 0.2+ fuscous (fig. 193,g). . . . . 26. albifrons Cresson
Hind tibia white or whitish, its apical 0.2 to 0.4 brown or fuscous (figs. 195,f-i;
HOG :a—f)ceys (oi. ek pane
Median part of fone very Penola: peed as a emery ede nened area
that ends ventrally, between antennal sockets, in a high thin ridge.
48. cuneatus, new species
Median part of frons weakly or strongly raised as a broadly triangular area
that ends ventrally, just above antennal sockets, in a broad point . . 47
Apical angle of interantennal process 90° to 120°; median area of frons weakly
rasied and weakly differentiated . ... . ine ete aS ASS
Apical angle of interantennal process 60° to 85°; median area on frons rather
strongly raised and differentiated. . ... . oie see fyrO2
Mandible rectangular in outline, approximately Garaie aden from its base
to near base of its lower tooth, then abruptly narrowed (fig. 190,m).
47. quadradens, new species
Mandible triangular in outline, tapered from its base to near base of its lower
tooth (figs. 190,i-l)... . .. . 49
First four segments of hind ee ene aie oe fo pblackiaay a apex;
hind femur not infuscate (fig. 195,h); white on upper margin of pronotum
extending forward at least to epomia . . . . 45. denotatus, new species
First four segments of hind tarsus uniformly white, or not distinctly darkened
at apex; hind femur more or less infuscate at apex (figs. 195,f,g,i) . . 50
Apical third of mandible turned about 25° (in male) or 40° (in female) from
plane of its condyles, placing the lower tooth toward the mouth; yellow or
whitish on upper edge of pronotum extending forward at least to notaulus.
46. ostentatus Davis
178 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Apical third of mandible not turned, in same plane as its condyles; yellow or
whitish on upper a of eet not or rarely rears forward to
notaulus. . . . eo ONL:
51. Mandible about 0. 60. as iene as ane of eae aerine a cance tooth
unusually small; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs laterally and
apicolaterally ... . . . . . 43. fastigatus, new species
Mandible about 0.77 as fant i as Grid of mouth opening, its upper tooth
moderately large; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs only in its
apicolateral corner. . . . . .. . . 44. canidens, new species
52. Face in profile much more eee convex in its lower half than in its upper
half, so that it bulges ventrally; head about 0.65 as long as high.
52. ventricosus, new species
Face in profile equally or less convex in its lower half than in its upper half;
head about 0.75 as long ashigh ..... SANS 53
53. Apical half of mandible not turned, its outer face in same iniate as its condyles;
second to fourth tergites often stramineous in apicolateral corners.
49. pleuralis Cresson
Apical half of mandible turned about 60° (in female, male unknown) from
plane of its condyles; second to fourth ae black or cana laterally
with stramineous. .. . 5 oe eb
54. Combined face and clypeus one 0. 89 as oe as speiclen apical margin of
clypeus faintly concave in its medial 0.5; hind femur aes white above
at apex (fig. 196,d) .... . . . . . 50. mesodon, new species
Combined face and clypeus aaene 0. 77 as high as wide; apical margin of
clypeus broadly concave; mandible exceptionally long; faa femur fulvous,
faintly infuscate above at apex (fig. 196,e) . . 51. megadon, new species
I. STENOSTOMA GROUP
Front wing 3.4 to 4.5 mm. long; head rather broad but tapered to a
narrow mouth; face rather flat, its interantennal process moderately
long but not approaching frons, the point making an angle of about
80 degrees; frons weakly convex, somewhat impressed near antennal
sockets; occipital carina dorsally and laterally complete but weak,
absent near hypostomal carina; clypeal margin weakly convex, its
median half subtruncate; head black, upper edge of face, narrow lower
lateral part of frons (sometimes complete to top of eye), and some-
times a spot at top of eye, ivory or pale yellow; notaulus present
anteriorly as a shallow pit; metapleurum with a few discal hairs, all
or mostly in its posterior half; costula incomplete or complete; median
longitudinal carinae and apical transverse carina of propodeum com-
plete; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs over its entire
surface, or its mesal part bare; nervulus beyond basal vein by about
0.6 its length; front spur of middle tibia about 0.70 to 0.88 as long as
hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.7 as long as wide;
hind tibia whitish on its basal 0.2+, the rest fulvous or darker; first
tergite about 1.4 as long as its width at the laterobasal corners;
second abdominal tergite about 0.7 as long as wide, with rather sharp
punctures, the interspaces of which are about 0.5 to 3.0 the diameter;
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 179
epipleurum of third tergite moderately wide, its inner edge semi-
circularly convex.
This group includes EL. stenostoma from western North America,
E. erythronotus (Gravenhorst) 1820, from Europe, and an undetermined
species from Japan.
1. Exochus stenostoma, new species
FicureE 188,a,]; 191,a
Front wing 3.4 to 4.3 mm. long; costula incomplete; second lateral
area of propodeum with hairs on its entire surface or with its inner
0.3 or less bare; interspaces of punctures on second abdominal tergite
about 0.5 their diameter in male, about 0.7 their diameter in female.
Black. Upper margin of face and a short oblique line laterad of
antenna, ivory; mandible black, paler apically; maxilla and labium
stramineous to fulvous; tegula fulvous, ivory basally; extreme apex of
femora and basal 0.2 of tibiae externally, dirty ivory; middle and
hind tarsi of male stramineous, brownish apically and on apex of their
basal segment; legs otherwise fulvous, their hind coxa, hind femur,
hind tibia, and of female the middle and hind tarsi, usually more or
less infuscate.
This is close to the European FE. erythronotus (Gravenhorst) 1820,
but differs somewhat in color and in being more densely punctate.
Type: 9, Leevining, Calif., June 22, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63645).
Paratypes: co’, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May 4, 1947,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). o, Nanaimo Biological Station,
B. C., June 27, 1920, E. P. Van Duzee (San Francisco). <7, 9,
Alhambra, Calif., Feb. 5 and 6, 1915, J. D. Neuls (Washington).
o', Bakersfield, Calif., July 13, 1951, L. W. Isaak (Davis). , in
light trap, Benicia, Calif., Sept. 10, 1956, E. Megger (Davis). 207,
Dardanelle, Calif., July 8, 1948, H., M., G., D., and J. Townes
Figure 105.—Localities for
Exochus stenostoma.
180 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
(Townes). oo, reared from Ephestia figulilella, Exeter, Calif., Dec.
23, 1950 (Washington). 9, Fairfield, Calif., July 6, 1954, E. Megger
(Davis). om, Glendale, Calif., July 1941, E. I. Schlinger (Townes).
9, same data as type (Townes). o, reared from EF. figulilella, Lind-
say, Calif., Dec. 23, 1951 (Washington). , 9, reared from larva of
E. figulilella, Orange Cove, Calif., Jan. 24, 1940, Mr. Kaloostian
(Washington). of, San Diego, Calif., July 1, 1940 (Townes). <, in
light trap, Woodland Calif., July 27, 1956, Jack Fowler (Davis).
9, Algoma, Klamath Falls, Oreg., Sept. 2, 1950, Joe Schuh (Townes).
o', 5 miles south of The Dalles, Oreg., May 5, 1938, K. Gray and J.
Schuh (Corvallis). 4, Ontario, Oreg., Aug. 21, 1940, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 30, Wawai, Wash., May 20, 1911 (Cambridge).
This species occurs in Washington, Oregon, and California. We
have collected it among semidesert shrubbery. It has been reared
as a parasite of Hphestia figulilella, which feeds on dried fruit.
Il. MITRATUS GROUP
Front wing 4.5 to 6.3 mm. long; head rather large; face broad,
strongly punctate, in profile evenly and strongly convex or a little
flattened centrally, its interantennal process very long, curving back-
ward between the antenna to nearly touch or to fuse with frons,
between the process and the frons a thin lamella; frons with a weak
bulge just below the ocelli; cheek about 0.5 as long as basal width of
mandible; occipital carina strong and complete above, weaker dorso-
laterally, and absent below; clypeal margin broadly truncate; mandi-
ble rather large but otherwise normal for the genus; head black, the
interantennal process, upper lateral corner of face, often entire upper
margin of face, and small spot at top of eye whitish; notaulus com-
pletely lacking; metapleurum usually with a few discal hairs; costula
present or absent; second lateral area of propodeum with rather
sparse, evenly scattered hairs; apical transverse carina of propodeum
complete; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.3 its length; front
spur of middle tibia about 0.6 as long as hind spur; second segment
of middle tarsus about 1.1 to 1.5 as long as wide in male, about 1.0
to 1.4 as long as wide in female; hind tibia fulvous or blackish, some-
times faintly paler at the base; first tergite 1.6 to 1.9 as long as it
is wide at laterobasal corners; second tergite about 0.68 as long as
wide, with rather coarse punctures of which the interspaces are about
equal to the diameter; epipleurum of third tergite very broad (almost
reaching the midline), broadest subapically from which point it
narrows somewhat anteriorly, with a broadly rounded anteromesal
corner.
This group contains two Holarctic species, as treated below.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 181
2. Exochus mitratus Gravenhorst
Figures 188,b; 189,a
Front wing 4.5 to 6.3 mm. long; apex of interantennal process of
face not touching frons but separated from it by a distinct gap; second
segment of middle tarsus of male about 1.4 as long as wide, of female
about 1.35 as long as wide; body punctation a little weaker than in
Exochus turgidus.
There are two American subspecies, as described below. Three
additional subspecies occur in Europe and a fourth in Japan. The
European subspecies are Hxochus mitratus mitratus Gravenhorst
1829, EH. mitratus australis Thomson 1895 (new status), and EL. mitratus
afinis Holmgren 1856 (new status). Of these three, we have not seen
material of the subspecies australis, but place it from descriptions:
The subspecies affinis is very close to the Nearctic atrocoralis, our
single specimen of affinis differing in having the tegula brown with its
front third ivory, rather than pale brown with its front 0.35 and hind
corner ivory. The Japanese subspecies seem to be undescribed.
We have a single specimen of it, from Tokyo.
The American subspecies of H. mitratus are separated by the follow-
ing key:
1. Upper margin of pronotum entirely white or with a large white triangle next
to the tegula; basal 0.2 of hind tibia yellowish, distinctly paler than the rest of
the tibia; range: east of long. 100° W. ..2a. mitratus atrocoxalis Cresson
Upper margin of pronotum black, or sometimes with a narrow white line on
its extreme posterodorsal corner; basal 0.2 of hind tibia ferruginous like the
rest of the tibia or sometimes a little paler; range: west of long. 100° W.
2b. mitratus orias, new subspecies
2a. Exochus mitratus atrocoxalis Cresson, new status
Exochus atrocozalis Cresson, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 114, 9.
Lectotype: 9, Dakota Territory (Philadelphia).
Black. Interantennal process, upper lateral corner of face, usually
entire upper margin of face and small spot at top of eye, whitish;
upper margin of pronotum partly or entirely yellowish white; sub-
tegular ridge usually narrowly yellowish white; tegula pale yellow,
with a pale brown postmedian area, its apex always whitish; apex
and side margin of scutellum often whitish; postscutellum often
whitish; front femur apically yellowish; narrow apex of middle and
hind femora often more or less yellowish, especially in males; coxae
black; first trochanters black or blackish; legs fulvous except as
described otherwise; wings subhyaline. In a specimen from Wright,
Quebec, the coxae and trochanters are entirely fulvous, and in one
from Wexford Co., Mich., the hind coxa is largely fulvous. In the
rest of our specimens they are black.
182 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
d
The type of atrocozalis, from ‘Dakota Territory,” is intermediate
to the western subspecies orias. It seems, however, a little closer to
the typical eastern subspecies than to the western one.
Specimens: o', Aweme, Man., June 9, 1935, R. D. Bird (Ottawa).
9, Wexford Co., Mich., July 20, 1957, R. and K.' Dreisbach (Dreis-
bach). 16c7, 19, Tabusintac, N. B., July 21, 1939, J. McDunnough
(Ottawa). of, Englewood, N. J., June 30, 1938, E. M. Greenspan
(Townes). o, Kings Co., N. S., June 18, 1931, C. E. Atwood (Ot-
tawa). 116, 39, Petite Riviére, Que., J. MeDunnough (Ottawa).
o', reared from tortricid on Kalmia, Petite Riviére, Que., J. McDun-
nough (Ottawa). 307, 29, Godbout, Que., July 25 and 30, 1918, E. M.
Walker (Washington). 9, Wright, Que., June 11, 1935, G. S. Walley
(Ottawa). of, Westerly, R. I., June 23, 1935, M. Chapman (Townes).
9 (lectotype), ‘““Dakota’’ (Philadelphia). 29, Texas, G. W. Bel-
frage (Washington). 9, Cheat Mt., W. Va., June (Pittsburg).
This subspecies occurs in the Alleghenian fauna. Adults have been
collected in June and July.
2b. Exochus mitratus orias, new subspecies
FicurEs 188,b; 189,a; 191,b
Black. Interantennal process, upper lateral corner of face, some-
times entire upper margin of face, and small spot at top of eye,
whitish; pronotum entirely black or sometimes a narrow border along
the upper hind edge of its hind corner whitish; subtegular ridge some-
times narrowly whitish; front 0.3 and sometimes small hind corner
of tegula whitish, the rest brown; side margin of scutellum sometimes
whitish; coxae black; first trochanters black or infuscate; legs fulvous
except as described otherwise, the basal 0.2 of tibiae sometimes
faintly paler; wings subhyaline.
Ficures 106, 107—Localities, subspecies of Exochus mitratus: 106 (left), atrocoxalis; 107
(right), orias.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 183
Type: o', Dardanelle, Calif., July 3, 1948, H., M., G., D., and J.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63646).
Paratypes (3307, 259): From Alberta (Chin); British Columbia
(Osoyoos); California (Big Bear Lake in San Bernadino Co., Cedar-
ville, Cuyama Valley in Kern Co., Dardanelle, near Glacier Point in
Yosemite National Park, Hope Valley in Alpine Co., Keen Camp,
Lancaster, Leevining, Mount Diablo, Palmdale, Pinnacles National
Monument in San Benito Co., San Antonio Valley in Santa Clara
Co., Snow Flat at 8,700 ft. in Yosemite National Park, and ‘“Tama-
rack Lake at 7,700 ft.’’) ; Colorado; Idaho (Moscow) ; Nevada (Charles-
ton Mts. at 9,000 ft., Holbrook in Douglas Co., and Pequop Summit
Well in Elko Co.); Oregon (Fish Creek at 7,200 ft. in the Steens Mts.,
Fish Lake at 7,000 ft. in the Steens Mts., Hart Mt., Sunshine Shelter on
Three Sisters, and Warner Lake in Lake Co.); Utah (Logan, Newton,
Salt Lake, and Wellsville) ; Washington (Morgans Ferry on the Yakima
River, Squaw Creek in the Yakima Valley, Mount Rainier at 5,000
ft., Pressy’s in Wenass Valley, Spokane, and Yakima City); and
Wyoming (Le Roy).
Adults have been collected from April 1 to August 16. They seem
to occur in early summer, and may be found after mid-July only in
the higher mountains. Most specimens were collected from late
April to early July. Particularly early and late dates of capture are:
April 1 at Palmdale, Calif.; April 10 at Mount Diablo, Calif., at
Lancaster, Calif., and in Cuyama Valley, Kern Co., Calif.; August 5
at Webber Lake, Sierra Co., Calif.; August 8 at Cedarville, Calif. ;
and August 16 at Sunshine Shelter, Three Sisters, Oreg.
This subspecies occurs in the western half of the United States and
in British Columbia. It is commonest in the Transition and Canadian
zones. Adults are on the wing in early summer.
3. Exochus turgidus Holmgren
Figure 191,¢
Ezochus turgidus Holmgren, 1856, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 4, vol. 1,
p. 312; 9. Types: 9? 9, central and northern Sweden (?Stockholm).
Front wing 5.5 to 6.3 mm. long; apex of interantennal process of
face touching and fused with frons; second segment of middle tarsus
of male about 1.15 as long as wide, of female about 1.07 as long as
wide; body punctations a little stronger than in Hrochus mitratus.
Black. Interantennal process, upper lateral corner of face, often
entire upper margin of face, small spot at top of eye, and front half
of tegula, whitish; back half of tegula brown; front femur and tibia
fulvous; extreme apex of middle and hind femur, extreme bases and
apices of tibiae, tibial spurs, and small areas on coxae, tinged with
brown; wings subhyaline.
4515825918
184 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Figure 108.—Localities for
Exochus turgidus.
Specimens: 9, reared from Dioryctria auranticelia, Patricks Creek,
Calif., June 9, 1916, Miller and Paterson (Washington). 29, “Lar-
kins,” Fla., S. Graenicher (Washington and Townes). ’, 29, reared
from D. amatella, New Orleans, La., T. E. Snyder (Washington and
Townes). o, reared from D. reniculella, Camp Borden, Ont.,
emerged July 13, 1942 (Ottawa). o, reared from D. reniculella,
Hagar, Ont., emerged July 16, 1942 (Ottawa). of, reared from D.
reniculella, Jamot, Ont., emerged July 20, 1942 (Ottawa). o,
“spruce,” emerged July 28 (Ottawa). , reared from D. reniculella,
Sutherland, Sask., emerged Sept. 6, 1938 (Ottawa), 7’, reared from
Petrova albicapitana, ‘‘Wood Co.,”’ June 10, 1953, Benesh (Washing-
ton). 9, Vienna, Va., Nov. 18, 1913, R. A. Cushman (Washington).
o, Trittau, near Hamburg, Germany, September 1945, G. Heinrich
(Townes).
This species occurs from Ontario to Florida west to California, and
also in Europe, but is scarce in collections. It has been reared from
Petrova albicapitana and from three species of Dioryctria.
III. PICTUS GROUP
Front wing 3.5 to 5.2 mm. long; head rather deep, with long sloping
temple; face rather narrow, rather strongly convex in profile and more
strongly convex transversely, its interantennal process rather broadly
triangular, with an apical angle of 90 to 135 degrees; frons weakly
swollen centrally; cheek long, about 1.0 as long as basal width of
mandible; occipital carina absent above and below, usually present
laterally as a fine weak carina (present thus in the three Nearctic
species); median half of clypeal margin truncate; head black, ex-
tensively marked with pale yellow, the face, broad frontal orbits
continuous to (or rarely interrupted) and expanded at top of eye,
cheek, more or less of hind orbit and lower part of temple, clypeus,
and mouth parts usually pale yellow, or in the female the face largely
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 185
brownish medially and below; notaulus sharp but short; metapleurum
without discal hairs; costula present; second lateral area of propodeum
almost bare, with a very few hairs apicolaterally; median longitudinal
carinae of propodeum usually obsolescent apicad of basal transverse
carina, but sometimes strong; apical transverse carina of propodeum
strong between pleural and lateral longitudinal carinae, usually obso-
lescent or obsolete mesad of lateral longitudinal carinae, but some-
times complete; nervulus distad of basal vein by about 0.3 its length;
front spur of middle tibia about 0.75 as long as hind spur; second seg-
ment of middle tarsus about 1.5 as long as wide; first tergite 2.1 to 3.8
as long as it is wide at laterobasal corners; second tergite about 0.7 as
long as wide, with fine weak punctures of which the interspaces are
about 4 times the diameter; epipleurum of third tergite usually nar-
rowly wedge-shaped, widest posteriorly, its inner edge weakly con-
cave (always thus in the three Nearctic species), sometimes the epi-
pleurum broader and with the inner margin rather evenly convex.
This group includes the three Nearctic species treated below (one
of which occurs also in Europe) and a large number of species in the
cloud forests of the Orient, usually above 5,000 feet elevation. We
have seven unidentified species from those areas, and according to
their descriptions, Exochus flavicaput Morley, 1913, from 6,000 ft.
elevation in Sikkim, and E. flavinotum Morley, 1913, from 6,400 ft.
elevation in Assam, also belong to this species group.
4. Exochus pictus Holmgren
Ficures 179,g; 188,c; 189,b; 191,d
Front wing 4.2 to 5.2 mm. long; lower front edge of metapleurum
produced ventrad as a flange that is about 0.4 as deep as long; costula
usually complete and strong; median longitudinal carinae of propo-
deum present on basal part of areola but fading out apically or con-
tinuing faintly to reach the posterior transverse carina; posterior
carina of propodeum strong between pleural and lateral longitudinal
carinae, present mesad of lateral longitudinal carina, usually as a
projecting stub and indicated again as weak mounds at intersections
with median longitudinal carinae, elsewhere usually absent or vestigial
but in some males complete; first tergite about 1.35 as long as wide in
male, about 1.40 as long as wide in female.
There are European and American subspecies, distinguishable on
color as in the key below:
1. Yellow on upper margin of pronotum not or rarely extending as far forward
as the epomia; hind coxa black or blackish in both sexes; range: Europe.
4a. pictus pictus Holmgren
Yellow on upper margin of pronotum extending forward to reach the epomia;
hind coxa fulvous, sometimes black or blackish in males; range: North
America... ....... 2.2... . . 4b. pictus xanthopsis Ashmead
186 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
4a. Exochus pictus pictus Holmgren
Exochus pictus Holmgren, 1856, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 4, vol. 1,
p. 312; 0, 9. Types: &, 2, northern Sweden (? Stockholm).
Male: Black. Face, frontal orbit (to top of eye and expanded there),
clypeus, cheek, lower 0.7-+ of hind orbit, mouth parts, under side of
scape, large cuneate mark on upper margin of pronotum which reaches
from hind corner to vicinity of notaulus, rarely a vertical mark on
prepectus, tegula, often part of scutellum and most of postscutellum,
and most or much of legs, lemon yellow; front and middle coxae basally
or mostly black; hind coxa black; front trochanter more or less fulvous;
middle and hind trochanters blackish to fulvous; femora basally
fulvous or fulvous with only the apical part yellow, the hind femur
sometimes brownish basally; tibiae, especially the hind tibia, often
fulvous; hind tibia often brownish basally and apically; hind tarsus
brown. Often there are median fuscous spots on the face, on the
clypeal suture, and on the clypeus, and sometimes also a fuscous
spot above the clypeal fovea.
Female: Black. Face except above and usually median part of
clypeus dark brown; face above, frontal orbit (to top of eye and
expanded there), clypeus laterally, cheek, much of hind orbit, mouth
parts except palpi, large cuneate mark on upper margin of pronotum
(reaching from hind corner to vicinity of notaulus), tegula, sometimes
tinge on postscutellum and on apex of scutellum, and front apical
part of front and middle coxae, lemon yellow; palpi brown; trochanters
brownish; legs beyond trochanters fulvous, the apex of femora in
front yellow, and tarsi, especially the hind tarsus, more or less brown-
ish.
Described from seven males and five females from Ireland, Belgium,
and Germany.
4b. Exochus pictus xanthopsis Ashmead, new status
Exochus xanthopsis Ashmead, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 201;
o'. Type: o, Victoria, B. C. (Washington).
Male: Black. Frontal orbit (to top of eye and expanded there),
clypeus, cheek, lower 0.7-+ of hind orbit, mouth parts, under side of
scape and sometimes of pedicel, broad margin of pronotum (narrowed
anteriorly and reaching epomia), sometimes vertical mark on prepectus
and rarely adjacent splotch on mesopleurum, tegula, subtegular ridge,
usually postscutellum and apical part of scutellum, and much of legs,
lemon yellow; front and middle coxae often fulvous basally; hind coxa
fulvous to black, most often black in specimens from eastern North
America, often fulvous with the posterobasal part fuscous; front and
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 187
middle femora often partly fulvous; hind femur fulvous, apically
yellow.
Female: Black. Face except above and usually median part of
clypeus brown; face above, frontal orbit (to top of eye and expanded
there), clypeus laterally, cheek, part of hind orbit, mouth parts
except palpi, broad upper margin of pronotum (narrowed anteriorly
and reaching epomia), tegula, mark on subtegular ridge, sometimes
tinge on postscutellum and apex of scutellum, apex of front and
middle coxae, and tinge on front apex of front and middle femora,
lemon yellow; legs fulvous except where described as yellow.
Specimens (487, 279): From British Columbia (Cultus Lake,
Keremeos, Robson, Steelhead, Vernon, and Victoria); California
(Camino, Fish Camp, Humboldt Co., Inverness, San Francisco, and
3 miles west of San Mateo); Colorado (‘‘Pingree Park’’); Maine (Bar
Harbor, Eagle Lake, and Lincoln Co.); New Hampshire (Mount
Madison, Mount Washington at 5,000 ft., and Pinkham Notch);
New York (swamp near Oneonta at 1,900 ft., Onteora Mt. in Greene
Co., and Wilmington); North Carolina (Clngman’s Dome at 6,600
ft., Craggy Gardens in Buncombe Co. at 5,300 ft., Hamrick, Mount
Mitchell at 6,400 ft., and Mount Pisgah at 5,300 ft.); Nova Scotia
(Baddeck); Ontario (Ottawa and Sudbury); Oregon (Cannon Beach
and McMinnville); Quebec (Gracefield, Otter Lake, St. Jean River
on the Gaspé, and Stoneham); Tennessee (Great Smoky Mts. at 6,000
ft. and Roan Mt. in Carter Co. at 6,300 ft.); and Washington (Ash-
ford, Glacier, Monroe, and Nooksack River on Mount Baker).
Figure 109.—Localities for
Exochus pictus xanthopsis.
Judging from the collecting dates, adults are common from mid-
spring to early fall, with a peak of abundance in August. Especially
early and late dates of capture are: March 30 at San Francisco,
Calif.; May 10 in Humboldt Co., Calif.; May 20 at Monroe, Wash.;
September 2 on Mount Pisgah, N. C.; September 27 near San Mateo,
188 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Calif.; and October 22 at Cultus Lake, B. C. The earliest seasonal
record for eastern North America is June 12 at Ottawa, Ont. One
specimen is labeled as reared from Heterarthrus nemoratus at Bar
Harbor, Maine, July 5 to 20, 1937.
Judging from our own collecting experience and from the data
on other collectors’ specimens, the species is common in cool moist
woods, such as occur on the higher mountains, and is practically
absent from drier situations.
This subspecies is transcontinental in the Canadian and Transition
zones. It occurs in cool moist woods, the adults flying from late
spring to early fall.
5. Exochus russeus, new species
Fiaures 188,d; 191,e
Front wing 3.7 to 5.0 mm. long; lower edge of metapleurum produced
ventrad as a lamella about 0.55 as deep as long; costula complete;
median longitudinal carinae of propodeum obsolescent apicad of basal
transverse carina, not reaching position of apical transverse carina;
apical transverse carina strong between pleural and lateral longi-
tudinal carinae, present mesad of lateral longitudinal carina as a
short stub, absent elsewhere; first abdominal tergite about 1.30 as
long as wide in male, about 1.22 as long as wide in female.
Head black, the face, frontal orbit (extending to and expanded at
top of eye), cheek, lower 0.75+ of hind orbit, clypeus, and mouth
parts, ivory; antenna black, the scape and pedicel brownish below;
prothorax black, the upper edge of pronotum broadly ivory; meso-
thorax, metathorax, and propodeum ferruginous; most of prepectus
and sutures, especially around scutellum, postscutellum, and wing
bases, black; vertical spot on prepectus, subtegular ridge, postscutel-
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 189
lum, and side and apex of scutellum ivory; tegula ivory; coxae ivory,
the hind coxa anteroventrally and posteriorly brownish; trochanters
ivory; femora fulvous, ivory dorsally and apically; front and middle
tibiae fulvous, ivory above; hind tibia ivory above and basally, the
rest brownish, with a darker brown subbasal spot on front and back
sides; tarsi ivory, the hind tarsus brownish apically. Abdomen
ferruginous, fuscous on base of first tergite and usually on seventh
and following tergites.
Type: 9, Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May 8, 1947, H. and
M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63647). This specimen was noted
to have a strong odor like Coccygomimus when it was caught.
Paratypes: o, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 13, 1947, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 4c, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., Apr. 19
to May 7, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, ‘‘Beulah, N. Mex.,”
Aug. 8, 1900, T. D. A. and W. F. Cockerell (Washington). 7, Las
Vegas, N. Mex., August 18, H. S. Barber (Washington). 9, Laurel-
ton, Pa., August 4, N. Banks (Cambridge). 9, near Webster Mills,
Pa., Aug. 5, 1941, N. Banks (Townes).
This species is recorded from Arizona, New Mexico, and Pennsyl-
vania. It appears to be a species of the Southwest, and its actual
occurrence in Pennsylvania needs confirmation.
6. Exochus enodis, new species
Fiaures 188,e; 191,f
Front wing 3.8 to 4.8 mm. long; lower edge of metapleurum pro-
duced ventrad as a lamella that is about 0.3 as long as deep; costula
complete; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum obsolescent
apicad of basal transverse carina, not reaching position of apical
transverse carina; apical transverse carina strong between pleural
carina and lateral longitudinal carina, elsewhere completely absent;
first abdominal tergite about 1.6 as long as wide in male, about 1.4 as
long as wide in female.
Male: Head black, the face, frontal orbit (extending to and ex-
panded at top of eye), cheek, lower 0.6 of temple and a spur extending
more dorsad along hind orbit, clypeus, and mouth parts, ivory; scape
ivory, black above and anterolaterally; pedicel black, ivory below;
flagellum black; prothorax ivory, black in the scrobe and neck region;
mesothorax, metathorax, and propodeum ferruginous, black along
most of the sutures, especially around scutellum, postscutellum, and
wing bases, ivory in subtegular area, prepectus except for sternal
part of front edge, most of mesopleurum except for black area below
subtegular ridge, and with ferruginous areas along sternaulus and
posterodorsally, usually a pair of discal longitudinal marks on meso-
scutum, scutellum except mediobasally, and postscutellum; tegula
190 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
ivory; propodeum black, usually more or less ferruginous in pleural
areas and medially; legs ivory, the hind coxa fulvous or pale brown
posterobasally and anterobasally, and the hind tibia with a fuscous
front and back stripe extending from a subbasal spot to the apex;
abdomen blackish. .
Female: Color like that of the female of Hxochus russeus, except that
first lateral area of propodeum and basal 0.3 of combined basal area and
areola are black, and that the abdomen is brown with the apical part
of the tergites rufescent, more broadly so laterally and on the median
tergites.
Type: o&, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 20, 1947, H. and M.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63648).
Paratypes: 907, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 17 to 20, 1947,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). 5c, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha,
Ariz., Apr. 20 to May 4, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 507,
Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May 3 and 6, 1947, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). 29, campus of University of Colorado, Boulder,
Colo., T. D. A. Cockerell (Washington). of, 2, Spearfish, S. Dak.,
July 25 and 26, 1924 (Washington and Townes).
This species has been taken in South Dakota, Colorado, and Ari-
zona. In Arizona we found it in mid-spring, among the herbage of
moist stream bottoms at altitudes of about 5,000 to 6,000 ft.
IV. GRAVIPES GROUP
Front wing 4.2 to 6.5 mm. long; head rather narrow, with long
sloping temple; face rather narrow, very strongly convex transversely,
rather strongly and evenly convex in profile, its interantennal process
triangular with an apical angle of about 60 degrees; frons below ocelli
with a broadly triangular weakly raised area, of which the median
ventral angle is rather prominent; cheek rather long, about 0.6 as
long as basal width of mandible; base of mandible unusually broad
but beyond the base soon tapered to normal width; occipital carina
absent or present laterally as a very fine carina; clypeal margin
weakly convex or medially straight; head black, usually with inter-
antennal process and small spot at top of eye pale, sometimes with
face and clypeus largely or entirely pale yellow; notaulus present as
a sharp pit or a somewhat impressed ovoid area next to mesoscutal
margin; metapleurum with none to very many discal hairs; costula
present; second lateral area of propodeum usually with hairs only
in its apicolateral part, but sometimes with hairs everywhere except
basomesally; apical transverse carina of propodeum complete; nervu-
lus opposite basal vein or beyond it by not more than 0.28 of its
length; front spur of middle tibia about 0.85 as long as hind spur;
second segment of middle tarsus about 1.7 as long as wide; first
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 191
tergite 2.2 to 2.5 as long as it is wide at laterobasal corners; second
tergite about 0.65 to 0.85 as long as wide, with small punctures of
which the interspaces are about 3.5 the diameter; epipleurum of
third tergite narrowly wedge-shaped, broadest posteriorly, its inner
edge straight or slightly concave.
This group includes seven species, one Holarctic, three Nearctic,
and three Palaearctic. It is divisible into two subgroups as described
below.
SEMIRUFUS SUBGROUP
Notaulus a pit next to mesoscutal margin, the pit either circular
or slightly prolonged at right angles to mesoscutal margin; propodeum
rather elongate, its combined basal area and areola 1.9 to 2.3 as long
as wide.
This subgroup includes the three Nearctic species listed below
and the European Exochus albicinctus Holmgren, 1873.
7. Exochus bryanti, new species
Fiaure 191,g
Front wing 3.7 to 4.3 mm. long; flagellum with about 33 segments,
the median segments about 1.25 as long as wide in male, about 0.80 as
long as wide in female; metapleurum with usually a few discal hairs
just in front of and below its center, sometimes with more hairs and
often with none; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs in its
apicolateral 0.5; nervulus sometimes interstitial with basal vein,
but often distinctly distad of basal vein, to a distance up to 0.28 of
its length (nervulus exactly interstitial or very briefly distad of basal
vein in other members of the gravipes group).
Black. Small spot at top of eye, maxilla, labium, and tegula, brown;
coxae and first trochanters blackish; legs beyond first trochanters
fulvous, the tibial spurs and tarsi a little paler, hind tibia a little
infuscate at apex, apex of first three segments of hind tarsus light
Figure 112.—Localities for
Exochus bryantt.
192 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
brown, and last two segments of hind tarsus light brown with their
base paler. The interantennal process may be light brownish to
blackish. Sometimes the coxae and trochanters are fulvous or fulvous
brown rather than blackish.
Type: o', Mer Bleue (near Ottawa), Ont., Aug. 9, 1932, G. S.
Walley (Ottawa).
Paratypes: 2c, Vermilion Lake, Banff, at 4,500 ft., Alta., Aug. 17
and 20, 1925, Owen Bryant (Washington). o, Baddeck, N. S.,
July 24, 1936, J. McDunnough (Ottawa). 12, 79, Mer Bleue (near
Ottawa), Ont., June 8, 1933, and Aug. 9, 1932, G.S. Walley (Ottawa).
This species appears to be transcontinental in the Canadian zone.
8. Exochus semirufus Cresson
Figure 191,h
Exochus semirufus Cresson, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 114; #, 9.
Lectotype: 9, New York (Philadelphia).
Exochus inflatifrons Provancher, 1886, Additions et corrections au volume 11
de la faune entomologique du Canada traitent des hyménoptéres, p. 107;
9. Type: 92, Ottawa, Ont. (Quebec).
Exochus rufigaster Ashmead, 1890, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, p. 448; 9.
Type: 9, Texas (Washington).
Exochus solitarius Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 216; @. Type:
o', Canada (Philadelphia); the ‘‘type’”’ is a composite specimen, with the
abdomen of the present species and the rest of the specimen of some other
species.
Front wing 4.2 to 6.5 mm. long; flagellum with about 37 segments,
the median segments of male flagellum about 1.15 as long as wide, of
female flagellum about 1.1 as long as wide; metapleurum with scat-
tered hairs covering about 80 per cent of its surface in the male, cover-
ing about 65 per cent of its surface in the female; second lateral area
of propodeum with hairs in its apicolateral 0.35.
Black. Interantennal process, usually a small spot at top of eye,
maxilla, and labium, stramineous to medium brown; mandible of male
yellowish fulvous, black basally; tegula fulvous, yellow on basal 0.35;
legs fulvous, the tarsi, especially the hind tarsus, more or less infuscate
with basal part of the basitarsi paler; abdomen fulvoferruginous,
usually blackish at base and apex. One specimen at hand (0, Greys
Mills, N. B., Sept. 8, 1922, R. P. Gorham (Ottawa)) has the coxae and
first trochanters blackish rather than fulvous. Otherwise it seems
typical of the present species. Another specimen with the same col-
lection data and of the same sex is normally colored, with the coxae
and trochanters fulvous.
Specimens (670, 259): From Iowa (Mount Pleasant); Kansas
(Riley Co.); Maine (Little Deer Island); Maryland; Massachusetts
(Amherst, ‘“‘Clayton,’’ Dorchester, Tyngsboro, and Wellesly); Mis-
souri (Columbia); New Brunswick (Grey’s Mills and Waweig); New
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 193
Hampshire (Hampton); New York (Buffalo, Grand Island, Greene
Co., and Ithaca); North Carolina (Fayetteville); Nova Scotia (Annap-
olis Royal, Kings Co., Truro, and White Point Beach in Queens Co.);
Ohio (Chardon); Ontario (Almonte, Belleville, Blackburn, Bobcay-
geon, and Ottawa) ; Quebec (Knowlton) ; Pennsylvania (Spring Brook) ;
Saskatchewan (Waskesiu Lake); South Carolina (Greenville); Texas;
Vermont (Woodstock); and West Virginia (French Creek, Jackson’s
Mill in Lewis Co., Philippi, and Shaver’s Fork in Tucker Co.).
Figures 113, 114.—Localities: 113 (left), Exochus semirufus; 114 (right), E. elimatus.
The dates of capture group in such a way as to indicate two genera-
tions a season, the first emerging in mid-spring and lasting into early
summer, the second emerging in late summer and lasting into early
fall. Early and late dates of capture for the first generation are:
May 10 at Amherst, Mass.; May 11 at Buffalo, N. Y.; May 13 at
Spring Brook, Pa.; June 20 at Knowlton, Que.; June 27 at Waweig,
N. B.; and June 23 at Annapolis Royal and in Kings Co., N. S.
Early and late dates for the second generation are: September 1 at
Ithaca, N. Y.; September 2 at Little Deer Island, Me.; September 8
at Truro, N. S.; September 16 at Columbia, Mo.; September 22 at
Chardon, Ohio; October 1 to 7 at Shaver’s Fork in Tucker County,
W. Va.; and October 11 at Greenville, S.C. There are a few dates of
capture between these two generations: “July’’ in Greene County,
N. Y.; July 31 at Waskesiu, Sask.; and August 20 at Woodstock, Vt.
We have found the species in overgrown weedy meadows, in rather
dry situations. On October 2, 1941, males in some numbers were found
flying around the tops of weeds in dry open places, at Greenville,
S. C., in the manner characteristic of Hxrochus males.
This species occurs in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas, in
weedy, rather dry situations. There is an early and a late season
generation.
194 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
9. Exochus elimatus, new species
Figure 191,i
Front wing 4.7 to 5.3 mm. long; flagellum with about 38 segments,
the median segments of the male flagellum about 1.0 as long as wide,
of female flagellum about 0.88 as long as wide; metapleurum with
scattered hairs covering about 75 percent of its surface in male, cover-
ing about 40 percent of its surface in female; second lateral area of
propodeum with hairs in its apicolateral 0.35+.
Black. Interantennal process, small spot at top of eye, sometimes
apical 0.5 of mandible, maxilla, and labium, brown; tegula light brown,
yellow basolaterally; legs beyond first trochanters ferruginous, the
tarsi, especially the hind tarsus, more or less infuscate, with basal part
of the basitarsi paler; abdomen ferruginous, black apically and basally,
sometimes mostly blackish with only the median tergites partly
ferruginous.
This species is very close to the eastern species E. semirufus, from
which it differs in the more extensive black coloration, shorter flagellar
segments, more polished appearance with shorter body hairs, and
somewhat smaller size. It may prove to be only a subspecies of
semorufus.
Type: o', Phantom Valley in the Rocky Mountain National Park
at 9,400 ft., Colo., Aug. 8, 1948, H., M., D., and J. Townes (Washing-
ton, USNM 63649).
Paratypes: 407, 39, same locality and collectors as type, Aug. 8, 9,
and 12, 1948 (Townes).
GRAVIPES SUBGROUP
Notaulus an ovoid impression next to margin of mesoscutum, the
long axis of the impression paralleling mesoscutal margin; meta-
pleurum with few discal hairs which usually cover less than a third of
its surface; propodeum not particularly elongate, its combined basal
area and areola 1.5 to 1.7 as long as wide.
This subgroup includes the Holarctic Exochus gravipes (Graven-
horst) 1820, and the European E. gravis Gravenhorst 1829, and LE.
uncidens 'Thomson 1895. All three are structurally very similar to
each other, and they may not be distinct species.
10. Exochus gravipes (Gravenhorst)
Figures 177,b; 189,c; 192,a
Ichneumon gravipes Gravenhorst, 1820, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, vol. 24, p. 384)
3, 9. Lectotype (hereby selected): 9, no data but presumably from Ger-
many, labeled lectotype (Wroclau).
Front wing 4.6 to 6.3 mm. long.
Black. Interantennal process and small spot at top of eye yellowish;
maxula and labium medium brown to blackish; tegula light to dark
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 195
brown, yellow at base; first trochanters blackish, often tinged with
fulvous; legs beyond first trochanters fulvous, the tibiae basally and
the tarsi a little paler; apex of hind tibia a little infuscate; apex of first
three segments of hind tarsus light brown; fourth and fifth segments
of hind tarsus light brown, a little paler basally.
American specimens differ on the average from European specimens
in having the markings on the hind tibia and tarsi a little more con-
trasting and in having fewer (4 to 12) discal hairs on the metapleurum.
Specimens: 9, Cheboygan Co., Mich., Aug. 4, 1938, Eugene Kenaga
(Washington). o, Baddeck, N. S., July 21, 1936, T. N. Freeman
(Townes). 9, Baddeck, N. S., July 29, 1936, J. McDunnough
(Townes). o, Sudbury, Ont., 1888 (Ottawa). 40, from Germany
and Belgium (Townes).
Ficure 115.—Localities for
Exochus gravipes.
This species is known in America from four specimens from Nova
Scotia, Ontario, and Michigan. It is common and widely distributed
in Europe.
V. PULLATUS GROUP
Front wing 3.4 to 5.8 mm. long; head rather deep, its temple of
moderate length; face moderately narrow and moderately convex, or in
some females rather strongly protuberant above; interantennal process
moderate, its point approximately a right angle; frons somewhat
swollen centrally, a little impressed above each antennal socket; cheek
about 0.85 to 1.2 as long as basal width of mandible; occipital carina
entirely absent or present laterally as a fine weak carina; median half
of clypeal margin truncate; head black, a spot at top of eye, often more
or less of lower part of lateral margin of frons, and more or less of face,
clypeus, and lower part of temple whitish or yellow; notaulus a short
strong groove or sometimes reduced to a subcircular pit on margin of
mesoscutum; metapleurum sometimes with a few discal hairs; costula
196 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
present; median longitudinal carina and apical transverse carina of
propodeum complete; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs
along its lateral edge and apicolaterally, or sometimes with hairs over
most of its surface except the mesobasal corner; nervulus distad of
basal vein by about 0.4 to 0.6 its length; front spur of middle tibia
about 0.45 to 0.60 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle
tarsus about 1.3 as long as wide; first tergite 1.7 to 2.3 as long as it is
wide at laterobasal corners; second tergite about 0.7 as long as wide,
with moderate-sized, rather sharp punctures the interspaces of which
are about 1.0 to 4.0 the diameter; epipleurum of third tergite wedge-
shaped, broadest posteriorly, its inner edge straight or weakly concave.
This group includes the three Nearctic species described below,
five unidentified Neotropic species, two unidentified species from
Japan and China, one unidentified species from Java, the European
Exochus flavomarginalis Holmgren, 1854, a Palaearctic species that is
commonly determined as L. prosopius Gravenhorst, 1829, and possibly
the Madagascan FE. passaventi Seyrig, 1934. E. passaventi has the
interantennal process attenuate and the inner margin of the epipleurum
of the third tergite definitely concave, and is thus atypical for the
group. The species EL. washingtonensis and E. flavomarginalis form a
subgroup with a short, rather pitlike notaulus, stouter, more depressed
build, and colorational divergences which indicate that they are
rather unrelated to the species close to ‘“E. prosopius,”’ and that they
are possibly closer to the Nearctic EH. annulicrus and the European
E. semilividus Vollenhoven, 1875. These latter two, however, are
placed in the tzbialis group because of the convex inner margin of the
epipleurum of the third tergite.
11. Exochus litus, new species
FieureEs 179,h; 192,b
Front wing 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long; body moderately slender; face
rather narrow, moderately protuberant, its punctures moderately
coarse, their interspaces about 0.7 their diameter; temple in profile
about 0.77 as long as eye in male, about 0.85 as long as eye in female;
notaulus a short sharp groove, deep anteriorly; front spur of middle
tibia about 0.55 as long as hind spur; front spur of hind tibia about
0.84 as long as depth of its tibia; hind femur about 2.55 as long as
deep; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs laterally and
apicolaterally.
Black. Face of male, upper margin of face of female, small triangle
at top of eye, marks on cheek in male, clypeus of male, mandible,
glossa, small hind corner of pronotum, subtegular ridge, and vertical
elliptical area on prepectus of male, pale yellow. Usually the male
face has a median vertical blackish mark, and the male clypeus has
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 197
a median apical transverse blackish mark. Sometimes the female
face and clypeus are marked with pale yellow in addition to the
constant broad border on upper margin of face. Antenna brownish
beneath; palpi brown; tegula brown, its base pale yellow; legs uni-
formly fulvous, except that the hind tarsus is brownish apically and
that in the male the front and middle coxae and the front trochanters
are more or less tinged with pale yellow.
This species is structurally similar to a Palaearctic species com-
monly (but incorrectly) determined as Ezxochus prosopwus Graven-
horst, 1829. It may prove to be a subspecies of it.
Type: 9, Dardanelle, Calif., July 8, 1948, H., M., G., D., and J.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63650).
Paratypes: o', Nazan Bay, Atka, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, July 28,
1907, E. C. Van Dyke (Ithaca). 26, 19, swept from parsley field,
Arcadia, Calif., Nov. 5, 1945, Elmore Jaynes (Washington). 4,
Berkeley, Calif., Apr. 13, 1915, E. P. Van Duzee (Washington). &,
Berkeley, Calif., “‘12-9-34” (Townes). 9, Berkeley, Calif., October 2,
J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). o, Camino, Calif., June 30, 1948, H., M.,
G., and D. Townes (Townes). 150, 49, Dardanelle, Calif., July 2 to
8, 1948, H., M., G., D., and J. Townes (Townes). 9, Los Gatos,
Calif., Feb. 29, 1936, C. A. Hamsher (Davis). 9, Stinson Beach,
Calif., Feb. 22, 1926 (Berkeley). 9, “Spooner Pass,’”’ Nev., July 12,
1948, C. A. Downing (Davis). 9, Truro, N. S., Aug. 26, 1913, R.
Matheson (Ithaca). co, Cannon Beach, Oreg., Aug. 11, 1940, H. and
M. Townes (Townes). 9, Summit, Oreg., July 5, 1929, H. A. Scullen
(Washington). 2c, Ashford, Wash., Aug. 19, 1940, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). o’, 2, Mount Rainier at 4,200 ft. and at 4,700 ft.,
Wash., July 11 and 15, 1940, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
This species has been taken from Alaska to California, and once
in Nova Scotia.
12. Exochus pullatus, new species
FIGuRE 192,c
Front wing 4.8 to 5.5 mm. long; body build average for the pullatus
group; face rather broad and flat, its punctures moderately coarse,
their interspaces about 0.5 their diameter; temple in profile about
1.4 as long as eye in male, about 1.2 as long as eye in female; notaulus
a short sharp groove, deep anteriorly; front spur of middle tibia
about 0.56 as long as hind spur; front spur of hind tibia about 0.67
as long as depth of its tibia; hind femur about 2.50 as long as deep;
second lateral area of propodeum hairy on most of its surface, bald
basomesally.
198 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Black. Small spot at top of eye yellow or obscure brownish; upper
margin of face tinged with brown; tegula dark brown; coxae black,
the hind coxa sometimes with a fulvous stripe in front; first trochanters
blackish, sometimes tinged with fulvous; second trochanters mostly
fulvous; femora and tibiae uniformly fulvous; tarsi brownish, the
front tarsus paler.
Type: 9, Churchill, Man., June 23, 1937, W. J. Brown (Ottawa).
Paratypes: 9, Mile 149, Richardson Highway, Alaska, July 4, 1951,
W. R. M. Mason (Ottawa). o, Churchill, Man., July 3, 1937, W. J.
Brown (Ottawa).
This appears to be an arctic species.
13. Exochus washingtonensis (Davis)
Figure 192,d
Mima washingtonensis Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 219; 9.
Lectotype: 9, Mount Washington, N. H. (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.4 to 5.0 mm. long; body rather stout and depressed;
face unusually narrow and protuberant above, especially in female, its
punctures moderately coarse, their interspaces about 0.7 their diam-
eter; temple in profile about 0.8 as long as eye in male, about 0.85 as
long as eye in female; notaulus a subcircular pit from which a short
impression leads backward (the impression strong in male, subobsolete
in female) ; front spur of middle tibia about 0.48 as long as hind spur;
front spur of hind tibia about 0.68 as long as depth of its tibia; hind
femur about 2.3 as long as deep in male, 1.6 to 2.1 as long as deep in
female; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs along its lateral
margin and usually also apicolaterally.
Male: The males vary considerably in the extent of pale markings,
and this variation has a cline from the Carolinian to the Transition
Ficures 116, 117.—Localities: 116 (left), Exochus litus; 117 (right), BE. washingtonests.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 199
and Canadian faunas, the palest specimens being from the Carolinian
and darkest from the Canadian. Below are descriptions of a typical
pale male and a typical dark male. Intermediates are abundant.
Pale male: Black. Face, side of frons in its lower half, triangle
at top of eye, cheek, lower 1.4 of temple, clypeus, mouth parts, under
half of scape and pedicel, lower corner and upper hind half of pro-
notum, propleurum except above, tegula, subtegular ridge, mesoster-
num, lower 0.25 and front lower part of mesopleurum, and front and
middle legs, yellow, the area of the sternaulus and front and middle
femora behind, fulvous; hind legs fulvous, the tarsus and the tibia sub-
basally tinged with yellow, and the tibia faintly infuscate at base and
apex.
Dark male: Black. Face, triangle at top of eye, cheek, temple below,
mouth parts, under side of scape, hind corner of pronotum, pro-
pleurum next to its coxa, tegula, subtegular ridge, large vertical
elliptical spot on prepectus, and front and middle coxae and tro-
chanters, yellow; front and middle legs beyond their trochanters pale
fulvous, the femora more ot less yellow; hind coxa blackish, yellow at
apex and below; hind trochanters yellowish in front, brownish or
blackish behind; hind femur fulvous, infuscate apically, especially
above; hind tibia fulvous, infuscate on basal 0.2 and apically; hind
tarsus fulvous, its segments apically pale brown.
Female: Upper margin of face, often lower lateral margin of frons
and lower margin of clypeus, palpi, and mandible subapically (espe-
cially on margins), dirty whitish; antenna dark brown, paler below,
its scape sometimes whitish below; tegula whitish or sometimes brown
with a basal whitish spot; hind corner of pronotum usually fulvous;
subtegular ridge usually pale; legs fulvous or sometimes tinged with
brown, the hind tibia infuscate basally and apically.
Females of this species from Canadian localities are often smaller,
darker, and with stouter legs and longer heads than normal. Speci-
mens showing these differences strongly are from Pinkham Notch,
N. H.; Whiteface Mt., at 1,000 to 2,000 ft., N. Y.; Keene Valley,
N. Y.; and Phantom Valley in Rocky Mountain National Park at
9,400 ft., Colo. In these the head is 0.90 to 0.97 as long as deep,
while in more typical females the head is about 0.85 as long as deep.
Because of intergrading specimens we cannot consider the form with
the longer head specifically distinct.
Specimens (1067, 499): From Alaska (Mount McKinley at 2,500
ft.); Alberta (Banff, Beaverlodge, and Edmonton); Colorado (5 miles
west of Cameron Pass in Larima County, Pando, Phantom Valley in
Rocky Mountain National Park at 9,400 ft., and Rabbit Ears Pass at
9,500 ft.); Idaho (“Craig Mts.” and Waha); Maine (South West
451582—59——_14
200 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Harbor); Maryland (Glen Echo); Massachusetts (Auburndale, Hollis-
ton, and Lexington); Michigan (Ann Arbor, Clare Co., Genesee Co.,
Tosco Co., Lapeer Co., Macomb Co., Midland Co., Monroe Co., and
St. Clair Co.); New Hampshire (Gorham, Mount Washington, and
Pinkham Notch); New Jersey (Ramsey); New Mexico (Jemez
Springs); New York (Lake Sebago in Bear Mountain State Park, Big
Indian Valley in the Catskill Mts., Boston, Farmingdale, Ithaca,
Keene Valley, McLean, New York City, Oneonta, Poughkeepsie,
Mount Whiteface at 1,000 to 2,000 ft., and Tuxedo); Ohio (Akron) ;
Ontario (Gananoque, Orillia, Ridgeway, and Toronto); Pennsylvania
(Allegheny County, and Powermill Nature Reserve in Westmoreland
Co.); Quebec (Brome, Kazubazua, Knowlton, Lac Nominingue in
Labelle Co., and St. Esprit); Rhode Island (Hopkington); South
Dakota (Mount Rushmore); Vermont (Rutland); Washington (Val-
leyford) ; and West Virginia (Cheat Mt. at 2,000 ft.).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed from late in May to
August 25, with one collection in September. Especially early and
late seasonal dates are: May 12 at Akron, Ohio; May 17 at Valley-
ford, Wash.; May 20 at Ann Arbor, Mich. and at Waha, Idaho; May
28 in Monroe Co., Mich., and in Macomb Co., Mich.; June 6 at Brome,
Que.; August 21 at St. Esprit, Que.; August 22 in Hinckley County,
Ohio; August 23 at Lexington, Mass.; August 23 and 24 at Pinkham
Notch, N. H.; August 25 on Mount Whiteface, N. Y., at 1,000 to
2,000 ft.; and September 6 at Banff, Alta.
This species is transcontinental, in the Upper Austral to Hudsonian
zones.
VI. MONTIVAGUS GROUP
Front wing 3.0 to 4.3 mm. long; head rather high, with moderately
narrow temple and moderately long cheek; face moderately narrow
and moderately convex, its interantennal process moderately short,
the point making an angle of about 85 degrees; frons moderately
convex, a little impressed near antennal sockets; occipital carina
absent dorsally and below, present laterally as a fine weak carina;
median half of clypeal margin truncate; head black, the face, clypeus,
and subtriangular spot at top of eye pale yellow, the face and clypeus
sometimes partly brownish; frons laterally black, or partly or entirely
yellowish ; cheek and lower part of temple usually pale yellow; notaulus
rather long but weak and not very sharp; metapleurum without discal
hairs; costula complete, incomplete or absent; median longitudinal
carinae and apical transverse carina of propodeum complete, the me-
dian longitudinal carinae subparallel or gradually convergent basally,
not bent inward just basad of the position of the costula; second
lateral area of propodeum with hairs apicolaterally, laterally, or all
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 201
over; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.5 its length; front spur
of middle tibia 0.40 to 0.62 as long as hind spur; second segment of
middle tarsus about 1.8 as long as wide; first tergite 2.7 to 3.1 as long
as its width at basal corners; second tergite 0.83 to 0.92 as long as
wide, with rather fine and weak punctures the interspaces of which
are about 0.7 their diameter, the punctures often sparser or absent
medially; epipleurum of third tergite moderately wide, subtruncate
apically, the inner edge evenly convex.
This group includes the three Nearctic species described below,
an undetermined species from the mountains of China, two from the
mountains of the Philippines, and two from the mountains of Java.
14. Exochus montivagus, new species
Ficures 188,f; 189,d; 192,e
Female type: Front wing 4.3 mm. long; costula represented by a
weak stub on the lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum; second
lateral area of propodeum with hairs on its lateral 0.35, the rest bare;
median longitudinal carinae of propodeum subparallel; front spur of
middle tibia 0.60 as long as hind spur; punctures on second abdominal
tergite almost absent from median 0.2 of the tergite, elsewhere mod-
erately dense.
Ficures 118-120.—Localities: 118 (left), Exochus montivagus; 119 (center), E. ochreatus;
120 (right), £. spinalis.
Black. Face, large spot at top of eye, cheek and adjacent part of
temple, clypeus, mouth parts, hind corner of pronotum, tegula, sub-
tegular ridge, apex of scutellum, postscutellum, front coxa, middle
coxa except for fulvous base, trochanters, apical 0.2 of femora and
basal 0.2 of tibiae, light yellow; hind coxa blackish brown, its apical
0.25 light yellow; femora and front and middle tibiae and tarsi fulvous
202 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
except where described as yellow; hind tibia fulvous, pale yellow on
its basal 0.2 and infuscate apically and just beyond the basal yellow
part; tibial spurs whitish; first two segments of hind tarsus whitish,
brown at apex; third to fifth segments of hind tarsus brown, the base
of the third segment paler.
Type: 2, Phantom Valley at 9,400 ft., Rocky vee National
Park, Colo., Aug. 10, 1948, H., M., D., oa J. Townes (Washington,
USNM 63651).
15. Exochus ochreatus, new species
Fieure 192,f
Male: Front wing 3.3 to 3.8 mm. long; costula absent; second lateral
area of propodeum with hairs on its lateral 0.35, the rest bare or with
a few scattered hairs; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum
subparallel; front spur of middle tibia about 0.46 as long as the hind
spur; punctures on second abdominal tergite evenly distributed,
moderately dense.
Black. Face, side of frons in its lower 0.7, large spot at top of eye,
cheek, lower 0.3 of temple, clypeus, mouth parts, scape except
above, large cuneate mark along upper margin of pronotum, tegula,
subtegular ridge, sometimes extreme apex of scutellum, usually lower
corner of pronotum, lower 0.4 of propleurum, and front and middle
legs pale yellow, the front and middle tarsi pale brown apically; hind
coxa pale yellow, fulvous basally and blackish above; hind trochanters
pale yellow, tinged with fulvous; hind femur light fulvous, brownish
above and at apex; hind tibia whitish, infuscate apically, fulvous
below and laterally except towards its base, and with a faint fuscous
ring at its basal 0.25 ;hind tibial spurs and hind tarsus pale stramineous,
the first three tarsal segments light brown apically and the last two
segments entirely light brown.
Type: o, near Alpine, Ariz., May 26, 1947, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63652).
+ Paratypes: 90’, near Alpine, Ariz., May 24, 26, and 27, 1947, H.
and M. Townes (Townes).
16. Exochus spinalis, new species
Ficure 192,¢
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 3.4 to 3.6 mm. long; costula absent; second
lateral area of propodeum with hairs all over; median longitudinal
carinae of propodeum rather weakly convergent basally; front spur
of middle tibia 0.42 as long as hind spur; punctures on second ab-
dominal tergite moderately dense, sparser on the median triangular
pale area.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 203
Blackish brown. Head and mouth parts pale stramineous except
for a broad dark brown longitudinal stripe enclosing ocelli and con-
tinuing to between antennal sockets (a little narrowed toward an-
tennal sockets) and a brown area covering most of the hind part
of head above, the brown area narrowly connected behind ocelli
with the frontal stripe and laterally reaching hind margin of eye
near its top; antenna blackish brown, the scape pale brown in front;
broad upper margin of pronotum, entire under side of thorax, sides
of thorax except for the dorsal 0.3+, tegula, subtegular ridge, scutel-
lum, postscutellum, front and middle legs, and hind coxa, trochanters,
and femur, pale stramineous; central 0.3 of mesoscutum stramineous,
the rest light brown with a narrow lateral margin of blackish brown;
hind tibia pale stramineous, the basal and apical 0.15 and a stripe
the length of its front side, infuscate; hind tarsus pale stramineous, the
apex of each segment brown; abdominal tergites each with a large,
elongate, median, stramineous triangle, the base of the triangle on the
apical margin of each tergite; third and following tergites stramineous
laterally.
Type: 2, Vista, Calif., Sept. 5, 1955, D. J. Ott (Washington,
USNM 63653).
Paratype: 2, Oaji, Calif., 3.8.92,” H. C. Fall collection (Cambridge).
A third female differs from the type and paratype in having the
metapleurum black, lateral third of mesoscutum blackish, and dark
markings on hind leg more distinct. It is labeled ‘‘Subirana Yoro,
Honduras, Stadelman”’ and is in the Cambridge collection. Possibly
it represents a distinct subspecies.
VII. SIGNIFRONS GROUP
Front wing 2.7 to 5.2 mm. long; head rather cubical, the temple
long and rather or quite flat and the cheek very short; face strongly
convex in profile, its interantennal process rather long and acute, its
point making an angle of about 30 degrees; frons protuberant centrally,
with a strong oblique impression above each antennal socket, some-
times with a high median lamellate carina; occipital carina absent,
or laterally present as a weak vestige; median 0.6 of clypeal margin
truncate; head black; more or less of the face, lower lateral part of
frons, mandible, and cheek, yellow; spot at top of eye elongate,
slanted slightly mesad posteriorly, often separated from margin of
eye, the two spots appearing as abbreviated parentheses around the
hind ocelli; notaulus moderately strong, very short; metapleurum
sometimes with a few discal hairs, these mostly in the posterior half;
costula complete, incomplete, or absent; median longitudinal carinae
and apical transverse carina of propodeum complete, the median
longitudinal carinae strongly bent inward just basad of the position
204 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
of the costula; second lateral area of propodeum with moderately
dense hairs over its entire surface; nervulus beyond basal vein by
about 0.2 to 0.6 its length; front spur of middle tibia about 0.3 to
0.5 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.3
as long as wide; hind tibia whitish on its basal 0.2+, beyond which
it is abruptly fulvous or infuscate; first tergite 1.4 to 1.8 as long as
width at basal corners; second tergite about 0.75 as long as wide, its
punctures rather coarse and strong, rather evenly distributed except
that the apical 0.17+ of the tergite is almost impunctate and that
sometimes the median part of the tergite is more sparsely punctate;
epipleurum of third tergite subtrunctate apically, its inner margin
rather evenly convex.
This group contains the two Nearctic species described below and,
judging from their descriptions, the European Exochus frontellus
Holmeren 1858, E. fletchert Bridgman 1884, and EF. signifrons Thomson
1887. We have an undetermined species from Ireland which may
be one of the three named European species.
17. Exochus flavifrontalis Davis
Ficures 179,i; 188,g; 189,e; 192,h
Exochus flavifrontalis Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 217; 0,
?.. Lectotype: 9, Nevada (Philadelphia).
Exochus alpinus Cushman, 1922, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 61, art. 8, p. 13; ¢
(name preoccupied by Zetterstedt, 1838; new synonymy). Type: a’, alpine
region of Mount Washington, N. H. (Washington).
Front wing 2.7 to 4.2 mm. long; frons swollen medially but without
a median carina; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.3 its length;
second abdominal tergite with rather coarse strong punctures, the
interspaces of which are about 0.6 their diameter, the punctures
lacking from apical 0.17 of the tergite but otherwise evenly distributed.
Black. Face and clypeus with a variable amount of pale yellow, in
Ficure 121.—Localities for
Exochus flavifrontalts.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 205
the male usually with the upper half of the face yellow and the lower
half and clypeus black, the yellow area with a deep median ventral
notch that almost divides it into two large lateral quadrate spots. In
the female the face and clypeus are usually entirely yellow with a
more or less distinct median vertical brown line on face, a brown line
between clypeal foveae, and apical margin of clypeus brown. Some-
times these brown lines are more or less enlarged and fused to make
most of the face and clypeus blackish. Often in the female and some-
times in the male the face and clypeus are entirely pale yellow. Yellow
spot at top of each eye elongate, the two spots weakly convergent
posteriorly near the hind ocelli, and usually a little separated from
margin oi eye; mandible of male usually brown, of female usually
yellow; palpi yellowish to brown; hind corner of pronotum sometimes
yellow, especially in males from eastern North America; tegula yellow,
its apical half fulvous to dark brown; subtegular ridge rarely yellow;
color of legs varying from pale stramineous (in some males from
eastern North America), to mostly blackish with conspicuous yellow
markings, most commonly as follows: coxae black, the front and
middle coxae partly yellow apically; front and middle trochanters
yellow, brownish basally above; hind trochanters mostly brown; front
and middle femora fulvous, the apical 0.15 yellow, the middle femur
a little darkened subapically; hind femur blackish brown, paling to
fulvous basally, its apical 0.15 yellow; front and middle tibiae fulvous,
the basal 0.2 pale yellow; hind tibia brown, its basal 0.2 yellow; tarsi
stramineous, tinged with light brown apically.
Specimens (38, 199): From Alberta (Banff, Edmonton, Leth-
bridge, and Slave Lake); Arizona (near Alpine and Oak Creek Can-
yon); British Columbia (Robson and Vernon); California (Auburn,
Camino, Dardanelle, Fallen Leaf Lake in Eldorado Co., Leevining,
Salinas, San Francisco, Siskiyou Co., and near Sonora Pass at 8,500
ft.); Colorado (Florissant and Lyons); Idaho (Lewiston); Michigan
(Lapeer Co.); Minnesota (Itasca State Park); Nevada; New Bruns-
wick (Bartholomew River); New Hampshire (Carer meadow on
Mount Washington at 5,960 ft.); New York (Cranberry Lake and
Ithaca); Northwest Territories (Hay River); Oregon (Aspen Lake
and Klamath Falls); Utah (Emory); Washington (Bayview Ridge in
Skagit Co.); and Yukon (Dawson).
Adults have been collected from late spring to early September.
Early and late seasonal records of note are: April 26 at Lewiston,
Idaho; May 17 at Vernon, B. C.; May 23 at Ithaca, N. Y.; May 26
near Alpine, Ariz.; May 30 in Lapeer Co., Mich.; September 6 at
Robson, B. C.; September 7 at Bayview Ridge, Skagit Co., Wash.;
September 8 at San Francisco, Calif.; and “Sept.’”’ in Itasca State
Park, Minn.
206 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
There is a rearing from a “tortricid,’? Batholomew River, N. B.,
1939, by the Canadian Forest Insect Survey.
In our experience, the species is common in open, semidesert areas
of the west, where there are grasses and shrubs. At Leevining, Calif.,
we found it abundant in Ceanothus bushes. In the East it is rare,
and restricted to Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic areas.
This species is transcontinental in the Hudsonian and Canadian
zones, occurring in rather dry open areas. It is rare in the Kast.
18. Exochus dentifrons, new species
Fieure 192,i
Front wing 4.5 to 5.2 mm. long; frons below the middle with a
median, high lamellate carina or tooth that almost touches the inter-
antennal process of the face; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.4
its length; second abdominal tergite with rather coarse strong punc-
tures, the interspaces of which are about 0.7 their diameter, the
punctures evenly distributed but lacking from the apical 0.15 of the
tergite.
Figure 122.—Localities for
Exochus dentifrons.
Male: Black. Upper 0.4 of face pale yellow except for a median
ventral notch in the yellow area; yellow spot near top of each eye,
the spots elongate, a little convergent posteriorly, close to hind ocelli,
and a little separated from margin of eye; mandible and palpi mostly
pale brown; tegula pale yellowish; legs fulvous, the basal 0.2 of tibiae,
apical 0.12+ of femora, and much of the front and middle coxae and
trochanters, pale yellowish; tarsi stramineous; front and middle coxae
basally blackish; hind coxa entirely blackish. Described from a single
specimen.
Female: Black. Face, clypeus, and front part of cheek pale yellow,
with a median vertical mark on face, a transverse mark between
clypeal foveae, and apex of clypeus blackish, these dark marks often
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 207
united; yellow spot near top of each eye, the spots elongate, weakly
convergent posteriorly, close to hind ocelli, and a little separated from
margin of eye; mandible mostly yellow; palpi light brown; tegula
yellow, fulvous apically; coxae fulvous to black, the rest of legs
fulvous with the basal 0.2 of tibiae yellowish, and the tarsi basally
pale fulvous and apically tinged with brown.
Type: 9, Florissant, Colo., June 26, 1908, 5S. A. Rohwer (Washing-
ton, USNM 63654).
Paratypes: 9, near Alpine, Ariz., May 25, 1947, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). 9, Tanbark Flat, Los Angeles Co., Calif., June 23, 1956,
R. C. Betchel (Davis). 9, near Estes Park, Colo., June 15, 1948, H..,
M., G., D., and J. Townes (Townes). o, Monzano, N. Mex., June
26, 1941, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). 9, Boardman, Oreg., June 4,
1943, G. R. Ferguson (Corvallis). 9, Kazubazua, Que., June 24,
1935, G. S. Walley (Ottawa).
This species has been taken sparingly from Quebec to Arizona,
from May 25 to June 26. It seems to occur in moderately dry situa-
tions.
VIII. ATRICEPS GROUP
Front wing 3.8 to 4.7 mm. long; head round in front view, the cheek
short; temple moderately long, moderately rounded; interantennal
process of face moderate, its point with a 95-degree angle; frons
rather weakly convex, weakly impressed above each antennal socket;
occipital carina absent dorsally and below, present laterally as a fine
weak carina; clypeal margin weakly convex, its median half sub-
truncate; head blackish, the face, side of frons (usually continuous to
top of eye and widened there), clypeus, cheek, and lower part of
temple, ivory; notaulus short, like a subcircular pit at margin of
mesoscutum; metapleurum without discal hairs; propodeum smooth
above, without carinae; costula entirely absent; median longitudinal
carinae of propodeum entirely absent except for very short stubs at
base of propodeum; apical transverse carina of propodeum entirely
absent mesad of lateral longitudinal carinae or present as short stubs
on the lateral longitudinal carinae; basal half of lateral longitudinal
carina absent; second lateral area of propodeum almost completely
covered with moderately dense hairs, only the posterior mesal part
bare; nervellus beyond the basal vein by about 0.5 its length; front
spur of middle tibia about 0.40 as long as hind spur; second segment
of middle tarsus about 1.3 as long as wide in male, about 1.1 as long
as wide in female; hind tibia whitish on its basal 0.2, the rest fulvous
or infuscate; first tergite about 1.4 as long as its width at the basal
corners, its median dorsal carinae exceptionally short, extending 0.2
to 0.3 its length; second abdominal tergite about 0.80 as long as wide,
208 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
with moderate-sized punctures the interspaces of which are about 1.3
their diameter, the punctures almost lacking on the apical 0.15+
of the tergite; epipleurum of third tergite truncate posteriorly, the
inner margin evenly convex.
19. Exochus atriceps Walsh
Figures 188,h; 189,f; 192,j
Front wing 3.8 to 4.7 mm. long. Structural characters as described
under the species group. This is the only Nearctic Ezxochus with
basal half of the lateral longitudinal carina of the propodeum absent.
There are two subspecies which differ in coloration as described
below:
1. Mesopleurum and abdomen entirely blackish.
19a. atriceps atricorpus, new subspecies
Mesopleurum and abdomen largely or entirely fulvous.
19b. atriceps atriceps Walsh
19a. Exochus atriceps atricorpus, new subspecies
Blackish. Face, side of frons entirely or with a narrow subdorsal
interruption, large subtriangular spot at top of eye (curving a little
around hind ocellus and usually continuous with mark on side of
frons), cheek, adjacent part of temple, mouth parts, under side of
scape, upper margin of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, and
usually a spot on upper part of prepectus, ivory; front coxa broadly,
middle coxa moderately, and hind coxa narrowly whitish apically,
the rest of the coxae fulvous to brown; front and middle trochanters
ivory, fulvous above; femora fulvous, the front and middle femora
whitish apically and the hind femur infuscate at apex; basal 0.2 of
tibiae whitish, the rest of the tibiae fulvous to brown; tarsi brown,
Ficures 123, 124.—Localities, subspecies of Exochus atriceps: 123 (left), atricorpus;
124 (right), atriceps.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 209
paler basally; sides and apical margin of abdominal tergites sometimes
tinged with fulvous.
This is a northern form with the darker coloration that usually goes
with the more northern distribution. Specimens tending to be
intermediate are common, though only one (a male from Takoma
Park, Md.) is at hand which cannot be assigned definitely to this
subspecies or to the typical subspecies.
Type: o, beaten from Abies, “‘Lowelltown,’ Maine, June 5, 1945,
F. Manning (Washington, USNM 63655).
Paratypes: 9, Aweme, Man., July 10, 1922, R. M. White (Ottawa).
9, Jacquet River, N. B., July 7, 1940, G.S. Walley (Ottawa). 9, June
1, 1895, Quebec (Ottawa). 207, 19, no data (Ottawa).
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian zone of the East.
19b. Exechus atriceps atriceps Walsh
Exochus atriceps Walsh, 1873, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 3, p. 95; &@. Type:
o', ?Illinois (destroyed in Chicago fire of 1871).
Exochus rufomaculatus Provancher, 1886, Additions et corrections au volume II
de la faune entomologique du Canada traitent des hyménoptéres, p. 113; 9.
Type: 9, Ottawa, Ont. (Ottawa).
Fulvous. Face, side of frons (usually broadly and continuous to
top of eye), large triangular area at top of eye (continuous with mark
at side of frons and curving a little around hind ocellus), cheek, lower
part of temple (continued dorsally along hind margin of eye), clypeus,
mouth parts, broad upper margin of pronotum, tegula, subtegular
ridge, much or all of lateral part of prepectus, often tinges on sides
and apex of scutellum and on postscutellum, ivory; head blackish ex-
cept as described otherwise; antenna blackish brown, the under side
of scape ivory; thorax usually with a little to extensive blackish areas
in front, on margins of mesoscutum, near wing bases, and beneath;
front and middle coxae whitish, fulvous basally; hind coxa fulvous,
whitish apically beneath; front and middle trochanters whitish, tinged
with fulvous above; femora fulvous, the front and middle femora
whitish apically and the hind femur usually a little infuscate at apex
(front femur sometimes whitish in front and brownish behind) ; tibiae
fulvous, whitish on their basal 0.2 and the front tibia whitish in front;
tarsi fulvous, the hind tarsus paler basally and elsewhere tinged with
brown; abdomen often infuscate at base and apex.
The type of EH. rufomaculatus is somewhat intermediate to the sub-
species EL. a. atricorpus.
Specimens (5507, 399): From Connecticut (Lebanon); Florida (2
miles west of Archer); Kansas (Lawrence); Maryland (Cabin John
and Takoma Park); New Jersey (Moorestown); New York (between
Ellis Hollow and Slaterville, Farmingdale, Flatbush, and Pough-
210 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
keepsie) ; North Carolina (Crabtree Meadows in Yancey Co. at 3,600
ft., Craggy Gardens in Buncombe Co. at 5,300 ft., Hamrick, Linville
Falls, Mount Mitchell at 6,400 ft., Mount Pisgah at 5,000 to 5,749 ft.,
and Wake Co.); Ohio (Bridgeport); Ontario (Ottawa); Pennsylvania
(Allegheny Co., Powermill Nature Reserve in Westmoreland Co.,
and Spring Brook); South Carolina (Columbia and Greenville);
Tennessee (Sevierville); Texas (San Antonio); Virginia (Barcroft,
Chain Bridge, East Falls Church, Falls Church, and Rosslyn); West
Virginia (Bolivar); and Wisconsin (La Crosse Co.).
Adults occur from rather early spring to rather late fall. Early
and late seasonal catches are: March 23 near Archer, Fla.; April 4 at
San Antonio, Tex.; April 23 in Wake Co., N. C.; April 25 at Columbia,
S. C.; May 9 at Takoma Park, Md.; October 3 at Greenville, S. C.;
October 11 at Falls Church, Va.; and October 28 at Takoma Park, Md.
We find the subspecies flying about shrubs or low trees in open
deciduous woods or overgrown fields, in relatively dry habitats. It
is one of the species of Hxochus with a strong odor.
This subspecies occurs in the Alleghenian, Carolinian, and Austro-
riparian faunas. Adults fly through most of the growing season and
are moderately common in open dry woods or overgrown fields.
IX. SULCATUS GROUP
Front wing 3.8 to 4.0 mm. long; head tapered to narrow mouth, the
temples rather narrow; face moderately convex, its interantennal
process short, its point with a 120-degree angle; frons approximately
flat but with a conspicuous median longitudinal swelling below the
front ocellus; occipital carina absent; clypeal margin convex, the
curvature somewhat flattened medially; head pale stramineous, the
occiput and area surrounding the ocelli blackish; notaulus moderately
long and distinct; sternaulus exceptionally distinct, rather sharp and
extending about 0.3 the length of the mesosternum; metapleurum
without discal hairs; costula, median longitudinal carinae, and apical
transverse carina of propodeum all strong; second lateral area of
propodeum with a few hairs apically, or bare; nervulus beyond basal
vein by 0.5 its length; front spur of middle tarsus about 0.60 as long
as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.05 as long as
wide in male, about 1.7 as long as wide in female; hind tibia pale
stramineous, its base infuscate and its front side with a weakly in-
fuscate stripe; first tergite about 2.4 as long as its width at basal
corners; second abdominal tergite about 0.68 as long as wide, its
punctures exceptionally fine and weak, their interspaces about 4 to 7
times their diameter; epipleurum of third tergite moderately wide,
subtruncate posteriorly, its mesal and basal margin evenly convex.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 211
This group contains the Nearctic species described below, which is
known only in the male sex. A female specimen, from Venezuela,
may represent the other sex of the same species or may belong to a
second species of the group.
20. Exochus sulcatus, new species
Fiaures 188,i; 189,g; 193,a
Male type: Front wing 4.0 mm. long; punctures on frons separated
by about 1.5 their diameter; second lateral area of propodeum with
about five hairs apically; punctures on second abdominal tergite
separated by about 4 times their diameter; apex of clasper strongly
depressed so that from above it appears obliquely truncate.
Very pale stramineous. Spot enclosing ocelli and expanded on
occiput, blackish; scape and flagellum blackish; mesoscutum blackish,
its hind margins and a pair of short, obscure median lines stramineous;
postscutellum and disc of scutellum blackish; propodeum with a
large, median equilateral blackish triangle, the base of the triangle
on the base of the propodeum; basal 0.18 of hind tibia infuscate;
front face of hind tibia with a faintly infuscate stripe; abdomen
blackish, pale stramineous below, on the base and side of the first
tergite, side of the second tergite, and broad apicolateral corner, broad
lateral edge, and narrow apical edge of third and following tergites.
Type: o', Moorestown, N. J., July 21, 1939, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63656).
Ficure 125.—Locality for Ex-
ochus sulcatus.
We have also a female specimen (San Esteban, Venezuela, Dec. 20,
1939, P. J. Anduze (Townes)) which may belong to this species. It
differs from the male only in being a little more sparsely punctate and
in minor color characters. This is the specimen that was used for
the figures cited above.
212 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
X. TIBIALIS GROUP
Front wing 3.2 to 7.5 mm. long; head about average for the genus,
the temple moderately long, cheek short, and face moderately to
rather strongly convex; interantennal process blunt to acute; median
part of frons very weakly to strongly differentiated and protuberant,
rarely with a high median ventral ridge; occipital carina absent or
present laterally as a weak vestige; median 0.6 of clypeal margin
straight or weakly concave; head black, the face usually mostly or
entirely white or yellow but sometimes entirely black; orbital marks
on frons usually absent or incomplete, rarely complete; spot at top
of eye usually large, but rarely vestigial or absent, subtriangular,
adjacent to eye; notaulus moderate, rather short; metapleurum rarely
with a few discal hairs; costula present or absent; median longitudinal
carinae and apical transverse carina of propodeum complete, the
median longitudinal carinae strongly bent inward just basad of posi-
tion of costula; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs in its
apicolateral corner and usually also some hairs laterally, usually bare
elsewhere; nervulus beyond basal vein; front spur of middle tibia
0.4 to 0.6 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 1.0
to 1.5 as long as wide; hind tibia sometimes uniformly colored but
usually infuscate apically and often infuscate basally, never with a
subbasal infuscate band; first tergite 1.4 to 2.5 as long as its width
at basal corners; second tergite about 0.6 to 1.6 as long as wide, with
moderate-sized, rather sharp punctures that are sparse or absent on
median part of tergite; epipleurum of third tergite subtruncate
apically, its inner margin evenly arcuate or strongly arcuate basally
and almost straight postmedially.
This group is the dominant one in the Holarctic region. We have
seen also a few representatives from the Oriental and Neotropic
regions. Thirty-three Nearctic species are described below and there
are doubtless many more to be discovered. The Palaearctic species
that we have seen and would assign to this group are: Hxzochus alpinus
Zetterstedt, 1838; HL. lentipes Gravenhorst, 1829; EH. semilividus Vollen-
hoven, 1875; E. swishanus Uchida, 1932; E. tardigradus Gravenhorst,
1829; EL. thomsoni Schmiedeknecht, 1925; and E. tibialis Holmgren,
1856.
21. Exochus annulicrus Walsh
Fiaures 189,h; 193,b
Exochus annulicrus Walsh, 1873, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 3, p. 95; o.
Type: o’, ?Illinois (destroyed in Chicago fire of 1871).
Front wing 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long; combined face and clypeus 1.10 as
high as wide, evenly convex, the horizontal convexity a little greater
than the vertical convexity; facial punctures of median size, sharp,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 213
their interspaces about 0.8 their diameter; interantennal process of
moderate length, its apical angle about 95 degrees; median swollen
area of frons rather weakly defined; occipital carina rather narrowly
incomplete above; clypeus moderately wide, the median half of its
apical margin faintly concave; mandible elongate triangular, tapered
evenly from the base to a rather slender apex; frons weakly and evenly
convex, a little impressed above each antennal socket and weakly
swollen between these impressions; hind ocellus separated from eye
by about 0.85 its long diameter; hind margin of mesosternum with
an unusually conspicuous median shelf, on each side of which is a
blunt small lobe; costula complete and strong; second laterai area of
propodeum with about 7 hairs laterally and apicolaterally; hind
femur about 2.25 as long as deep in male, about 2.15 as long as deep in
female; front spur of hind tibia exceptionally long for the tibialis
group, about 4.1 as long as wide; punctures absent from middle of
second tergite, elsewhere on this tergite of moderate size, rather weak,
and separated by about their diameter; male clasper sparsely hairy
below, densely so above, obliquely rounded from below to a blunt
point.
Ficure 126.—Localities for
Exochus annulicrus.
Male: Black. Face, usually narrow frontal orbits extending half
the height of frons, medium-sized triangle at top of eye, cheek, adjacent
temple, clypeus, mouth parts, under side of scape, hind corner of
pronotum, usually lower part of propleurum, tegula, subtegular ridge,
large area on prepectus, usually more or less of mesosternum, usually
postscutellum and apex of scutellum, and front and middle coxae,
pale yellow; front and middle legs beyond coxae light fulvous, pale
yellowish on knees and in front; hind coxa fulvous, pale yellow below;
hind trochanters pale yellow, tinged with fulvous; hind femur fulvous,
weakly infuscate at apex; hind tibia infuscate on its basal 0.2+,
whitish on its next 0.2-+ (a little more extensively dorsally), and
214 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
fuscoferruginous on its apical 0.6, darkest near the apex; hind tarsus
whitish, the apex of each segment brown.
Female: Black. Face blackish brown, its upper margin stramine-
ous; narrow frontal orbits on lower half of frons stramineous; small
triangle at top of eye pale yellow; lower margin of clypeus broadly,
more or less of cheek, mouth parts, and under side of scape, stramin-
eous; long hind corner of pronotum yellowish tinged with fulvous;
lower part of pronotum fulvous; tegula and subtegular ridge pale
yellow; scutellum and postscutellum obscurely ferruginous, each with
a narrow transverse yellowish mark at apex; front and middle legs
fulvous, their tibiae basally and tarsi paler; hind coxa, trochanters,
and femur fulvous; hind tibia dusky fulvous, darker on basal 0.2 and
dorsally, its second 0.2+ whitish; hind tarsus stramineous, the apex
of each segment light brown.
This species is close to the European Exochus semilwidus Vollen-
hoven, 1875, and has considerable resemblance to the Nearctic EF.
washingtonensis, in the pullatus group.
Specimens (17, 162): From Alberta (Edmonton); Arizona (near
Alpine); British Columbia (Oliver); Colorado (near Estes Park);
Connecticut (Green Falls and Stamford); Maryland (Takoma Park) ;
Massachusetts (Franklin); Michigan (Kalkaska Co.); Minnesota
(Itasca State Park and Ramsey County); New Brunswick (Poke-
mouche); New Jersey (Lahaway in Ocean Co. and Westfield); New
York (Cold Spring Harbor, Hancock, and Sea Cliff); North Carolina
(Hamrick and Mount Pisgah at 4,600 ft.); Ontario (Constance and
Mer Bleue (near Ottawa)); Pennsylvania (DuPont, Harrisburg, near
Webster Mills, and Westmoreland Co.); Quebec (Kazubazua and
Knowlton), Rhode Island (Charlestown and Kingston); Virginia
(Summit of Butte Mt. in Giles Co.); Washington (Ashford); West
Virginia (Cheat Mt. at 2,000 ft.) ; and Wisconsin (Madison).
Collecting dates are distributed from late May to September.
Some early and late seasonal records are: May 25 near Alpine, Ariz.;
May 26 at Franklin, Mass.; May 30 at Westfield, N. J.; June 6 at
Constance, Ont.; September 2 on Mount Pisgah, N. C., at 4,600 ft.;
September 18 at Mer Bleue (near Ottawa), Ont.; and “Sept.”’ in
Itasca Park, Minn.
This species is transcontinental in the Transition zone.
22. Exochus evetriae Rohwer
Ficures 189,i; 193,¢
Exochus evetriae Rohwer, 1920, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, p. 223; 9. Type:
2, Butte Falls, Oreg. (Washington).
Front wing 3.7 to 6.8 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
0.98 as high as wide, rather weakly convex, flattened medially; facial
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 215
punctures coarse and strong, their interspaces about 0.3 their diameter;
point of interantennal process with an angle of about 95 degrees;
median swollen area of frons very weakly defined; clypeus very wide,
its apical margin broadly but weakly concave; mandible heavy, its
outer face closely punctate, tapered uniformly to a broad apex, the
two teeth only a little unequal; hind ocellus separated from eye by
about 1.0 its long diameter in male, by about 1.4 its long diameter in
female; temple more roundly swollen than in any other member of the
tibialis group, the head about as wide across midlength of temples as
across eyes; flagellum of female short and blunt-tipped, its post-
median segments wider than long; costula incomplete; second lateral
area of propodeum bare or with a few hairs basally and apicolaterally;
hind femur about 2.25 as long as deep in male, about 2.15 as long as
deep in female; front spur of hind tibia about 3.3 as long as wide in
male, about 3.6 as long as wide in female; punctures of second tergite
rather coarse, sharp, and dense, sublaterally their interspaces about
equal their diameter, medially their interspaces about 1.3 their
diameter; apex of male clasper tapered to a blunt point.
Black. Palpi brown; a small brown spot at top of eye; tegula
brown; legs beyond first trochanters uniformly dark fulvous.
Ficures 127, 128.—Localities: 127 (left), Exochus evetriae; 128 (right), £. hiulcus.
Specimens: 2, reared from Barbara colfaziana, Coeur d’Alene,
Idaho, May 24, 1935, H. J. Rust (Washington). 39, reared from hosts
on Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Ashland, Oreg., 1913 and 1915, F. P. Keen
and J. E. Patterson (Washington). 9, reared from host in Polyporus
dryophilus, Applegate River, Oreg., 1916, J. E. Patterson (Wash-
ington). 9 (type), reared from pupa of Barbara colfaxiana siskiyouana,
Butte Falls, Oreg., J. M. Miller and P. D. Sargent (Washington).
5, reared from pupae of B. colfaxiana tazifoliella, Grants Pass,
451582—59——15
216 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Oreg., J. M. Miller and P. D. Sargent (Washington). &, Mount
Rainier at 5,500 ft., Wash., July 23, 1940, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
This species occurs in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. It para-
sitizes Barbara in cones of conifers.
23. Exochus hiulcus, new species
Ficures 189,j; 193,d
Female type: Front wing 4.7 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
1.03 as high as wide, rather weakly, uniformly convex; facial punctures
strong and rather coarse, their interspaces about 0.5 their diameter;
point of interantennal process with an angle of 90 degrees; median swol-
len area of frons weakly defined; clypeus very wide, the median 0.75 of
its apical margin straight in front view and the lateral 0.125 weakly
upturned ; mandible broad, its lower margin a little convex to make the
taper more abrupt apically, its lower tooth very short, its outer face
densely punctate; hind ocellus separated from eye by 1.0 its long
diameter ; costula complete but weak; second lateral area of propodeum
with a few hairs basally and apicolaterally; hind femur 2.05 as long as
deep; front spur of hind tibia 2.9 as long as wide; punctures of second
tergite of moderate size, sharp, evenly distributed, their interspaces
about equal to their diameter.
Black. Mandible and palpi brown; a small faint pale spot at top of
eye; tegula pale yellow, its apical half fulvous; legs uniformly fulvous.
Type: 9, Rogers Pass (near Glacier), B. C., Aug. 1, 1908, J. C.
Bradley (Ithaca).
24. Exochus nigripalpis Thompson
Figure 189,k
Front wing 3.2 to 6.2 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.0 as high as wide in male, about 1.20 as high as wide in female,
moderately convex in the vertical direction, strongly convex trans-
versely; facial punctures coarse and strong, their interspaces about 0.5
their diameter; point of interantennal process with about a 60-degree
angle; median swollen area of frons rather weakly defined ; median 0.6 of
apical margin of clypeus truncate; lower margin of mandible convex
to make the taper of the mandible a little abrupt apically, the apex of
mandible moderately narrow, its lower tooth short; outer face of
mandible with sparse, rather coarse punctures; hind ocellus separated
from eye by about 1.1 its long diameter in male, by about 1.2 its long
diameter in female; costula strong, usually complete; second lateral
area of propodeum with hairs laterally and apicolaterally; hind femur
about 2.45 as long as deep in male, about 2.35 as long as deep in female;
front spur of hind tibia about 3.1 as long as wide in male, about 3.4 as
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Diy
long as wide in female; punctures on second abdominal tergite of
moderate size and sharpness, sublaterally moderately dense, their
interspaces about 2.0 their diameter, medially very sparse; apex of
male clasper obliquely rounded off from below.
The general coloration is black, with the legs mostly or entirely
fulvous, and usually with a broad whitish border on the interantennal
process. Details of coloration vary between the three subspecies, as
described below:
1. Coxae and trochanters blackish; interantennal process entirely black; range:
Europe . Se mo: . 24a. nigripalpis nigripalpis Thompson
Coxae and trochanters fulvous, the coxae sometimes more or less blackish . 2
2. Front and middle coxae of male yellowish fulvous beneath; interantennal
process of face broadly bordered with white; range: Transcontinental in
Canadian and Transition zones, except California.
24b. nigripalpis tectulum, new subspecies
Front and middle coxae of male fulvo-ferruginous beneath; interantennal
process of face very narrowly bordered with white, or entirely black; range:
California... .. . . . 24e. nigripalpis subobscurus, new subspecies
24a. Exochus nigripalpis nigripalpis Thompson
Exochus nigripalpis Thompson, 1887, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. vol 31, p. 209;
9. Lectotype (hereby selected): 9, labeled “Ort.”’ (Lund).
Front wing 5.5 to 6.0 mm. long.
Black. Interantennal process entirely black; palpi brown; flagellum
brownish beneath; tegula ight brown, yellow basolaterally; coxae and
first trochanters blackish; legs beyond first trochanters fulvous, the
apex of front femur, tibiae basally, and middle and hind tarsi basally,
indistinctly paler.
Described from a male specimen from Germany and a female from
Sweden, both of which have been compared with Thompson’s type.
Ficures 129, 130.—Localities; subspecies of Exochus nigripalpis: 129 (left), tectulum;
130 (right), subobscurus.
218 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
24b. Exochus nigripalpis tectulum, new subspecies
FicureEs 163,b; 179,j; 189,k; 193,e
Front wing 4.2 to 6.2 mm. long.
Black. Interantennal process broadly bordered with whitish, the
white border about half as wide as the flagellum, small yellowish spot
sometimes at top of eye; palpi and sometimes tip of mandible stra-
mineous to light brown; flagellum dark brown beneath; hind corner of
pronotum sometimes with a whitish mark; tegula pale fulvous to
brown, pale yellow basally and sometimes with a small pale yellow
area apicolaterally; legs fulvous, the coxae infrequently more or less
infuscate, especially basally, the male front and middle coxae pale
fulvous beneath, and the apex of front femur, front and middle tibiae,
hind tibia basally, and tarsi basally, a little paler. Legs of female more
uniformly fulvous than those of male. In some laboratory reared
males the whitish mark on the interantennal process is expanded to
cover a large portion of the face, and the cheek and mouth parts also
may be whitish.
Type: o, Ithaca, N. Y., May 31, 1936, H. Townes (Washington,
USNM 63657).
Paratypes (1287, 1289): From Mine (Banff, Edmonton, and Slave
Lake); British Columbia (Downie Creek in the Selkirk Mts., Duncan,
Esquimalt, Chilliwack, Cultus Lake, Robson, Stanley, A Sar
couver) ; Colorado (Boulder Canyon, Glen Haven, and Peaceful Valley
in Boulder Co.); Connecticut (Colebrook); Idaho (‘‘Houser Lake’’);
Maine (Ashland, Coburn Gore, Fort Kent, Jackman, Lincoln Co., Mil-
linocket, Mount Chase near Patten, Patten, Rangeley, Rockwood,
Smyrna Mills, St. Agathe, Seboomook area, Shin Pond, Sinclair, South
West Harbor, and The Forks); Massachusetts (Holliston and South
Hadley) ; Michigan (Alger Co., Alpena Co., Baraga Co., Bay Co., Cal-
houn Co., Delta Co., Dickinson Co., Iron Co., Isle Royale, Mackinac
Co., Marquette Co., Mecosta Co., Midland Co., Montcalm Co., New-
aygo Co., Ontonagon Co., and Osceola Co.); Minnesota (Isabella and
Pine Co.); New Brunswick (Green River and Tabusintac) ; New Hamp-
shire (Hanover, Pinkham Notch, Randolph, and Mount Madison);
New Jersey (Milltown); New York (Bemus Point, Bethpage, Connec-
ticut Hill in Tompkins Co. at 2,095 ft., Gowanda, Green Co., Ham-
burg, Ithaca, Lake George, Lancaster, McLean Bogs in Tompkins Co.,
Oneonta, Poughkeepsie, Rock City in Cattaraugus Co., Shokan, and
Upper Ausable Lake in Essex Co.); North Carolina (Crabtree Mead-
ows in Yancey Co. at 3,600 ft. and Mount Mitchell at 5,200 ft. and
at 6,400 ft.); North Dakota (Devil’s Lake); Nova Scotia (Baddeck,
Kentville, Kings Co., St. Peters, and Truro); Ontario (Bells Corners,
Brockville, Galetta, Madoc, and St. Williams); Oregon (Cottage
Grove, 8 miles west of Meachan at 3,400 ft., and “Sodaville’’);
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 219
Pennsylvania; Prince Edward Island (Brackley Beach in Canadian
National Park and Dalvay House in Canadian National Park);
Quebec (Aylmer, Brome, Cascapedia River, Cross Point, Hemming-
ford, Hull, Kazubazua, Magog, Montreal, St. Esprit, Ste. Agathe des
Montes, Stoneham, and Wright); Vermont (Laurel Lake near Jack-
sonville and Woodstock); Virginia (Galax); Washington (Ashford,
Mount Rainier at 4,700 ft.,and Summerland Trail on Mount Rainier) ;
and Wisconsin (Door Co. and Madison).
Dates of collection show that adults occur through the growing
season, with greatest abundance in July and August. Particularly
early and late dates of capture are: April 17 at Bethpage, Long Island,
N. Y.; May 9 and 17 at Ithaca, N. Y.; May 15 at South Hadley
Mass.; May 16 in Mecosta Co., Mich.; May 23 in Pine Co., Minn.;
May 24 at Houser Lake, Idaho; May 25 at Hull, Que., and at Magog,
Que.; May 26 at Robson, B. C. and at McLean Bogs Reserve in
Tompkins Co., N. Y.; September 18 and October 2 in Midland Co.,
Mich.; September 25 at McLean Bogs Reserve in Tompkins Co.,
N. Y., and at Cross Point, Que.; October 1 at Madison, Wis.; and
October 17 and 18 at Chilliwack, B. C.
There are many records of rearings from Choristoneura fumiferana
on the pin labels of these specimens from localities across the con-
tinent. It is noteworthy that all dates of emergence from these
rearings are between June 20 and August 9, with most of them in
July. This is probably the result of the seasonal life history of this
particular host. The localities recorded for these rearings are in
British Columbia (Duncan, Esquimalt, and Green River); Maine
(Ashland, Coburn Gore, Millinocket, Mount Chase near Patten,
Rangeley, Rockwood, Smyrna Mills, St. Agathe, Seboomook area,
Shin Pond, Sinclair, and The Forks) ; Minnesota (Isabella) ; and Oregon
(Cottage Grove and Sodaville). There are two additional rearings
from another host: o&, from Archips rosana, St. Peters, N. S., July
22, 1930, M. L. Prebble; and 9, from Archips rosana, Baddeck, N. S.,
July 24, 1936, J. McDunnough.
We have notes from one day’s collecting that captured specimens of
this species failed to give off the strong odor typical of the genus
Exochus. More observations are needed before it could be stated
that the species always lacks this odor.
This subspecies is transcontinental in the Canadian and Transition
zones. It is a common parasite of Choristoneura fumiferana. Adults
occur throughout the warmer part of the season.
24c. Exochus nigripalpis subobscurus, new subspecies
Front wing 3.2 to 5.7 mm. long.
Black. Interantennal process entirely black or narrowly bordered
220 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
with whitish; palpi brown; tegula brown, yellow basolaterally; legs
fulvoferruginous, the coxae usually a little infuscate basally and the
apex of front femur, tibiae basally, and middle and hind tarsi basally,
faintly paler.
Type: o', Mill Valley, Calif., July 30, 1948, H: and D. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63658).
Paratypes (2407, 209): From California (Avancino, Bear Valley in
Marin Co., Berkeley, Carlsbad, Diamond Creek in Alameda Co.,
Fort Ord, Fullerton, Glendale, Hawthorne, Ingleside, Inverness,
La Jolla, Lake Tahoe, Mill Valley, Oakland, San Diego, San Fran-
cisco, San Lorenzo, Santa Paula, and Watsonville). Dates on
the specimens are mostly in April, May, June, July, and September.
Those outside of these months are: January 3 at Berkeley; January 4
at Santa Paula; February 7 at Watsonville; February 18 at Fort Ord;
March 13 at Oakland; March 15 at San Lorenzo; March 25 at
Berkeley; August 26 at Ingleside; October 6 at Inverness; October 26
at San Francisco; November 22 at Berkeley and at Oakland; and
December 15 at Carlsbad.
Adults seem to be on the wing throughout the year. Reared speci-
mens are as follows: 3c", from leaf tyer on Rosa, Avancino, Calif.,
July 1939, R. M. Bohart; &, from Platynota stultana, San Lorenzo,
Calif., Mar. 15, 1941; &, from carnation worm, Hawthorne, Calif.,
Sept. 21, 1940, R. M. Bohart; 9, from Argyrotaenia franciscana, San
Francisco, Calif., Apr. 8, 1925, H. H. Kiefer; 2, from A. franciscana,
Watsonville, Calif., Feb. 7, 1921, E. O. Essig; 9, from tortricid pupa,
San Francisco, Calif., Apr. 20, 1909, F. X. Williams; <&%, from A.
citrana, Santa Paula, Calif., Jan. 4, 1951, Adkins; 9, from A. citrana,
Fullerton, Calif., June 28, 1951, Adkins; and 20, from tortricid,
Carlsbad, Calif., Dec. 15, 1949, R. J. Pence.
This subspecies is in California, in the Upper Sonoran and Transi-
tion faunas.
25. Exochus tenebrosus, new species
Fiaures 189,1; 193,f
Front wing 4.2 to 4.5 mm. long; combined face and clypeus of male
about 0.90 as high as the face is wide, of female about 0.70 as high
as the face is wide, rather strongly convex in a vertical plane, more
strongly convex horizontally; facial punctures rather coarse and
sharp, their interspaces about 0.8 their diameter in male, about 1.0
their diameter in female; point of interantennal process with about
a 90-degree angle; frons weakly swollen medially; median 0.6 of apical
margin of clypeus truncate; lower margin of mandible weakly convex
to make the taper of the mandible a little abrupt apically, the apex
of the mandible moderately narrow, its lower tooth short; outer face
of mandible with sparse, rather coarse punctures; hind ocellus sep-
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 231
PR eg
e bi
Lok fect : iad uh,
irae
ee
Ficures 131, 132.—Localities: 131 (left), Exochus tenebrosus; 132 (right), E. albifrons.
arated from eye by about 1.0 its long diameter in male, by about
1.3 its long diameter in female; costula strong and complete; second
lateral area of propodeum about 1.7 as long as wide, with a few hairs
apicolaterally; hind femur about 2.52 as long as deep in male, about
2.22 as long as deep in female; front spur of hind tibia about 3.2 as
long as wide in male, about 3.5 as long as wide in female; punctures
on second tergite moderately small, not particularly sharp, sublaterally
separated from each other by about 1.5 their diameter, medially very
sparse; male clasper moderately wide, its apex elliptically rounded.
Black. Interantennal process of frons in male often margined with
stramineous; usually a small brown spot at top of eye; palpi and tegula
dark brown; legs blackish or very dark brown.
Type: 9, Phantom Valley, Rocky Mountain National Park, at
9,400 ft., Colo., Aug. 10, 1948, H., M., D., and J. Townes (Washington,
USNM 63659).
Paratypes: o, 9, Phantom Valley, Rocky Mountain National
Park, at 9,400 ft., Colo., Aug. 9 and 10, 1948, H., M., D., and J. Townes
(Townes). 106, 19, Poudre Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park,
at 11,000 ft. and at 11,600 ft., Colo., Aug. 10, 11, and 12, 1948, H.,
M.,G., D., and J. Townes (Townes). 267, Rabbit Ears Pass at 9,500
ft., Colo., Aug. 7, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). 4,
Mount Rainier at 4,700 ft., Wash., July 11, 1940, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). 2c, Dunraven Pass, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., Jul. 28,
1934, A. L. Melander (Cambridge).
We found the species in Colorado common among a low red-berried
Vaccinium growing under evergreens. It was only there, and never
in the open.
This species occurs on the undergrowth of forests a little below
timberline, in Washington, Wyoming, and Colorado. Adults have
been taken from July 11 to August 12.
222 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
26. Exochus albifrons Cresson
Ficures 188,j; 189,m; 193,¢
Exochus albifrons Cresson, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p.114; 9. Type:
9 , Illinois (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.8 to7.9 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
0.98 as high as wide in male, about 1.11 as high as wide in female,
their vertical convexity uniform, rather weak, their transverse con-
vexity a little stronger, their punctures coarse, separated by about
0.3 their diameter on face and by about 1.0 their diameter on clypeus;
interantennal process with an apical angle of about 85 to 100 degrees;
median swelling of frons weak, unusually narrow; median half of
clypeal margin truncate or weakly concave; mandible broad basally,
with sparse coarse punctures, evenly tapered to a moderately broad
apex, its lower tooth small; hind ocellus separated from eye by about
0.95 its long diameter in male, by about 0.77 its long diameter in
female; costula strong, complete, sometimes weak medially; second
lateral area of propodeum with hairs laterally and apicolaterally,
the rest bare; hind femur about 2.40 as long as deep; front spur of
hind tibia about 3.2 as long as wide in male, about 3.3 as long as
wide in female; punctures on second tergite moderately coarse and
deep, practically absent medially, sublaterally separated by about
1.3 their diameter; male clasper tapered apically to a narrow rounded
apex.
Black. Face, sometimes part or all of side of frons, triangular spot
at top of eye, clypeus, cheek, temple next to mandible, mouth parts,
often spot on scape beneath, upper margin of pronotum from apex
usually to epomia (broadest near hind corner), much of subtegular
ridge, often postscutellum and apex of scutellum, and tegula except
for a postmedian light fulvous area, yellowish white. Face usually
with a median subdorsal elongate fuscous mark, clypeus with the
median part of apical margin usually blackish, and face sometimes
with a blackish spot above each clypeal fovea. Often these dark
marks are enlarged and more or less fused, often leaving the face
entirely black except for a broad dorsal whitish margin. Antenna
blackish brown, paler beneath. Frequently there is an ivory area on
upper part of prepectus and at base of middle coxa, and the thoracic
pleura are often more or less fulvous. Rarely the entire propodeum
and some of the base of the abdomen may be pale and the scutellum
entirely whitish. Legs fulvous, the trochanters, and front and
middle coxae, tibiae and tarsi, pale fulvous, the apex of the tarsal
segments faintly darker. Hind tibia whitish on basal 0.15+, fulvous
from thence to near the apical 0.2+, the apical 0.2+ fuscous; hind
tarsus stramineous, the apex of its first four segments brown, the last
segment brown with a pale base.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 225
Specimens (2077, 2019): From Alabama (Pyriton and Wadley);
Alberta (Banff, Blackfoot Hills near Wainwright, and ‘Fran River’’);
Arkansas (Siloam Springs); California (Yosemite Valley); Colorado
(Eldorado, Peaceful Valley, and Steamboat Springs); Connecticut
(East River, Ledyard, Old Lyme, New Haven, North Stonington,
Voluntown, and Wallingford); District of Columbia (Rock Creek
Park); Georgia (Atlanta); Illinois; Kentucky (Lexington); Maine
(Bar Harbor, Casco, Dennysville, Lincoln Co., and South West
Harbor); Manitoba (Whitemouth); Maryland (Bowie, Cabin John,
Glen Echo, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park); Massachusetts
(Amherst, Chester, Holliston, Lexington, Malden, Petersham, Revere,
South Hadley, and Woburn); Michigan (Ann Arbor, Barry County,
Benton Harbor, Gladwin Co., Higgins Lake, Iosco Co., Lake Co.,
Lansing, Mackinac Island, Manistee Co., Marian Island in Grand
Traverse Co., Midland Co., Ottawa Co., and Ontonagon Co.); Min-
nesota (Cass Co.); Montana (‘Rock Creek,” and Madison River in
Gallatin National Forest); New Brunswick (St. Andrews); New
Hampshire (Durham, Mount Monadnock, Mount Washington, Pink-
ham Notch, and Randolph); New Jersey (Moorestown); New Mexico
(South Fork of Eagle Creek in the White Mts. at 8,000 ft.) ; New York
(Bemus Point, Cold Spring Harbor, East Aurora, Ellis Hollow, Farm-
ingdale, Flatbush, Grand Isle, Hancock, Ithaca, Lake Mohonk, Lick
Brook near Ithaca, Lockport, McLean Reserve in Tompkins County,
North Evans, Oneonta, Onteora Mt. in Greene Co., Orient, Pough-
keepsie, Riverhead, Sea Cliff, Slaterville Springs, Smithtown, Shokan,
Taughannock Falls, and Troy); North Carolina (Clinton, Crabtree
Meadows in Yancey Co. at 3,600 ft., Nantahala Gorge at 2,000 ft.,
and North Fork of Swannanoa River in the Black Mts.) ; Ohio (Akron,
Barberton, Big Walnut Creek near Columbus, Bridgeport, Columbus,
Delaware Co., Hocking Co., and ‘“Puritas Springs’’); Ontario (Black-
burn, Bobcaygeon, Britannia, Camlachie, Chalk River, Constance
Bay, Galetta, Gananoque, Grimsby, Hillsdale, London, Merivale,
Millers Lake, Opasatika, “Overs Bay,” Point Pelee, St. Davids,
Tweed, and Widdifield Township); Pennsylvania (Dushore, High-
spire, Mount Holly Springs, Philadelphia, Powdermill Nature Re-
serve in Westmoreland Co., Roxborough, Spring Brook, and Swarth-
more); Prince Edward Island (Brackley Beach in Canadian National
Park); Quebec (Aylmer, Brome, Clova, Hull, Kazubazua, Knowlton,
Norway Bay, Rouyn, Stoneham, and Wright); Rhode Island (Hop-
kington and Westerly); Saskatchewan (Kinistino, Prince Albert
National Park, and ‘‘Wallwest’’); South Carolina (Columbia and
McClellanville); Tennessee Ramsey, Cascades Trail in Great
Smoky Mountains National Park); Virginia (East Falls Church,
Galax, Meadows of Dan, and near Plummers Island in Maryland);
224. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Washington (Mount Rainier at 4,700 ft.); West Virginia (Bolivar and
Lost River State Park); and Wisconsin (Door Co. and Madison).
The species is adult from mid-spring to early fall. Adults are
particularly common in July and August.
Seasonal records earlier than May 15 and later than September 15
are: April 26 at Bowie, Md.; April 28 in Virginia near Plummers
Island, Md.; April 29 at Meadows of Dan, Va., and at Big Walnut
Creek near Columbus, Ohio; May 2 and 10 at Swarthmore, Pa.; May
5 in Lake County, Mich.; May 6 at Cabin John, Md.; May 9, 10, and
12 at Ithaca, N. Y.; May 10 in Hocking County, Ohio; September 16
at Puritas Springs, Ohio; September 20 and 24 at Bolivar, W. Va.;
and September 24 and October 13 at Takoma Park, Md.
Reared specimens are as follows: 9, from ‘‘Cacoecia,” Ithaca, N. Y.,
July 10, 1904. <, from pupa of microlepidoptera on Osirya, Bobcay-
geon, Ont., July 3, 1931, J. McDunnough. &@, from Archips rileyana,
C. V. Riley collection. @, 2, from A. rileyana, Black Mts., N. C.,
W. D. Kearfott. 2, from A. cerasivorana, Wallingford, Conn.,
1917, B. A. Porter. o&, 9, from A. cerasworana, Amherst, Mass.,
July 16, 1909. 9, from A. cerasivorana, New Haven, Conn., July 7,
1943, J. V. Schaffner. &, from A. cerasivorana, Wallwest, Sask.,
Aug. 9, 1945. 60, from A. cerasivorana, Prince Albert, Sask., July
29, 1939 and Aug. 2, 1939. 207, from A. ceraswvorana, Point Pelee,
Ont., July 9 and 16,1940. @, from A. cerasivorana, Widdifield Town-
ship, Ont., July 27, 1940. o&, from A. cerasiworana, St. Andrews,
N. B., Aug. 1. 69, from A. cerasivorana, Whitemouth, Man., Aug. 5,
9, and 11, 1938. 9¢, from A. cerasivorana, St. Davids, Ont., June 26,
1932, Wm. L. Putman. 6.7, 19, from A. cerasivorana, Camlachie,
Ont., July 11, 1951. 59, from A. cerasivorana, Grimsby, Ont., July
14, 15, 16, and 18, 1938, W. L. Putman. 2.7, from A. fervidana,
Norway Bay, Que., July 12, 1938, E.G. Lester. <, from A. fervidana,
Chalk River, Ont., July 24, 1939. 9, from A. fervidana, Hillsdale,
Ont., July 28, 1939. , from “‘Tortriz’” on Alnus, possibly T. myri-
cana, Bobcaygeon, Ont., July 1932, J. McDunnough. <o, from
microlepidopteran on Carya, Bobcaygeon, Ont., July 7, 1931, J.
McDunnough. <, from A. rosaceana, Miller Lake, Ont., July 11,
1951. oo, from A. rosaceana, ‘Overs Bay,” Ont., July 10, 1951.
o&, from leaf roller, Lansing, Mich., July 2, 1885, H. J. Cook. Q,
from ‘“Tortria’”’? on Abies, Dennysville, Maine, June 28, 1946. o,
from Argyrotaenia lutosana, Opasatika, Ont., 1939. , from A. luto-
sana, Rouyn, Que., 1939. 9, from A. lutosana, Clova, Que., 1938.
In our own collecting we have found the species common around
bushes on the edges of woods. When captured it gives off a strong
odor like that of species of Coccygomimus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 225
This species is transcontinental, mostly in the Transition and Upper
Austral zones. Adults occur around deciduous trees and bushes and
are on the wing from mid-spring to early fall. In collections, it is
the commonest Nearctic species of the genus.
27. Exochus rutilatus, new species
Figures 189,n; 193,h
Front wing 5.2 to 6.2 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.36 as high as wide, in a vertical direction moderately and evenly
convex but with the clypeus weakly bulging, in a horizontal direction
with the same convexity as vertically; punctures of face very coarse,
strong, separated by about 0.3 their diameter; punctures on clypeus
a little sparser than those on face; apical angle of interantennal proc-
ess about 100 degrees; median swelling of frons weak but rather dis-
tinctly delimited; hind ocellus separated from eye by about 0.72 its
long diameter in male, by about 0.65 its long diameter in female;
median half of clypeal margin truncate or weakly concave; mandible
with coarse, rather sparse punctures, basally rather broad, evenly
tapered to a moderately narrow apex, its lower tooth small; costula
represented by short stubs, rarely subcomplete; second lateral area
of propodeum with a few hairs basally and usually apicolaterally, the
rest bare; areola bounded laterally by broad, flat, strong carinae; hind
femur about 2.31 as long as deep in male, about 2.21 as long as deep
in female; front spur of hind tibia about 3.3 as long as wide in male,
about 3.5 as long as wide in female; punctures on second abdominal
tergite of moderate size, deep, medially very sparse or absent, sub-
laterally separated by about 1.5 their diameter; male clasper broad,
with dense hairs, obliquely narrowed from below to a narrowly
rounded apex.
BJack. Face, usually narrow orbits on lower half of frons, large
spot at top of eye, cheek, adjacent temple, clypeus, mouth parts,
Ficure 133.—Localities for
Exochus rutilatus.
226 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
under side of scape, lower 0.6 of propleurum of male, large hind cor-
ner of pronotum (extending forward more than half its length), sides
and apex of scutellum, and postscutellum, ivory white; flagellum
tinged with brown beneath; tegula ivory white, subapically fulvous;
lower part of female propleurum tinged with fulvous; thoracic sterna
fulvous, the mesosternum tinged with ivory, especially in male;
mesopleurum fulvous, its subtegular ridge and a spot or tinge on
upper part of prepectus ivory white and with a blackish transverse
band just below subtegular ridge; disc of scutellum fulvous to black;
metapleurum fulvous; pleural areas of propodeum more or less fulvous;
coxae fulvous, the front and middle coxae apically whitish; trochan-
ters pale fulvous tinged with ivory; femora fulvous, apically ivory;
front and middle tibiae ivory on the basa] 0.45+, the rest fulvous
or in the case of the middle tibia weakly infuscate; front and middle
tarsi stramineous, the fifth segment of middle tarsus mostly fuscous;
hind tibia and tarsus whitish, the basal 0.22+ and apical 0.36+ of
the tibia and most of the fifth tarsal segment blackish.
Type: 2, Six Mile Creek, Ithaca, N. Y., July 26, 1939, P. P. Babiy
(Washington, USNM 63660).
Paratypes (1867, 209): From British Columbia (Hope and Robson) ;
Maryland (Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Holliston); New York
(Bemus Point, Greene Co., Ithaca, Poughkeepsie, and Shokan);
North Carolina (Wake Co.); Nova Scotia (Baddeck Forks) ; Ontario
(Bells Corners, Gananoque, and ‘‘Merivale’’); Pennsylvania (Pitts-
burgh) ; Prince Edward Island (Brackley Beach in Canadian National
Park and Dalvey House in Canadian National Park); Quebec (Lac
Mercier, La Trappe, St. Hilaire, and Sweetsburg); Rhode Island
(Westerly); and Wisconsin (Polk Co. and Sawyer Co.).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed from June 23 to
August 18.
Our own collections and the general distribution of the species indi-
cate that its habitat is moist deciduous woods.
This species is transcontinental in moist deciduous woods, in the
Transition and Upper Austral zones. Adults are mostly in July and
early August.
28. Exochus armillosus, new species
FicureEs 189,0; 193,i
Front wing 5.3 to 6.0 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.06 as high as wide, the face rather strongly convex in a vertical
direction, a little less strongly convex horizontally; clypeus of female
in profile distinctly flattened, of male weakly bulging; punctures on
face and clypeus strong, moderately coarse, on face subadjacent, on
clypeus rather sparse; apical angle of interantennal process about 95
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 227
Figure 134.—Localities for
Exochus armillosus.
degrees; median swelling of frons strong; hind ocellus separated from
eye by about 0.65 its long diameter in male, by about 1.1 its long
diameter in female; median half of apical margin of clypeus weakly
concave; mandible with sparse, rather coarse punctures, rather broad
at base, evenly tapered to a rather broad apex, its lower tooth small;
costula represented by stubs; second lateral area of propodeum with
hairs basally, apicolaterally, and often a few in other areas; areola
bounded laterally by broad, flat, strong carinae; hind femur about
2.15 as long as deep in male, about 1.95 as long as deep in female;
front spur of hind tibia about 3.1 as long as wide; punctures on sec-
ond abdominal tergite sharp, sparse or absent medially, sublaterally
of medium size and separated by about 1.5 their diameter in male,
of small size and separated by about 2.3 their diameter in female;
male clasper broad, with dense hairs, obliquely narrowed from below
to a rather narrowly rounded apex.
Colored like Ezxochus rutilatus with the following differences:
Whitish mark on pronotum averaging a little longer; apical 0.40+
of hind tibia blackish; apex of first four segments of hind tarsus
blackish; female usually with a median vertical mark on face and
spot next to the clypeal fovea brownish. The whitish mark covering
the cheek in the female does not extend on to the temple.
Type: 9, Moorestown, N. J., July 16, 1939, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63661).
Paratypes: &', Edmonton, Alta., Aug. 29, 1947, E. H. Strickland
(Townes). 9, Petersham, Mass., July 1940, C. T. Brues (Cambridge).
&, 2, Moorestown, N. J., July 26 and August 6, 1939, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). o’, 9, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Aug. 2 and 23, 1936,
H. Townes (Townes). <, Alberton, Prince Edward Isl., July 17,
1940, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). o, Madison, Wis., July 8, 1929, C. L.
Fluke (Madison).
Our collections were from deciduous woods.
228 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
29. Exochus brutus, new species
Figures 189,p; 194,a
Front wing 4.9 to 7.5 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.02 as high as wide, the face rather strongly convex in a vertical
direction, a little less strongly convex horizontally; clypeus of female
in profile distinctly flattened, of male weakly bulging; punctures on
face and clypeus strong, moderately coarse, on face subadjacent,
on clypeus sparse; apical angle of interantennal process about 110°;
median swelling of frons moderately strong; hind ocellus separated
from eye by about 0.90 its long diameter in male, by about 1.0 its
long diameter in female; median half of apical margin of clypeus
weakly concave; mandible with sparse, rather coarse punctures,
rather broad and its apex unusually broad, its outer face and lower
edge more convex than usual, its lower tooth small; costula complete
or incomplete; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs all over
in many males, but in females and in some males with hairs only
basally, laterally, and apicolaterally; areola bounded laterally by
strong, low, moderately wide carinae; hind femur about 2.31 as long
as deep in male, about 2.12 as long as deep in female; front spur of
hind tibia about 3.4 as long as wide in male, about 3.65 as long as
wide in female; punctures on second abdominal tergite of moderate
size, deep, medially sparse or absent, sublaterally separated by
about 1.3 their diameter in male, by about 1.7 their diameter in
female; male clasper rather broad, obliquely narrowed from below
to a narrowly rounded apex.
Ficures 135, 136.—Localities: 135 (left), Exochus brutus; 136 (right), E. virgatifrons.
Colored like Exochus rutilatus except for the following differences:
Whitish mark on pronotum averaging a little longer; apical 0.42+ of
hind tibia blackish; apex of first four segments of hind tarsus some-
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 229
times stramineous; female with a median vertical mark on face and
a spot next the clypeal fovea brown. The whitish mark covering the
cheek in the female does not extend on to the temple.
Type: 9, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., July 15, 1936, H. Townes (Wash-
ington, USNM 63662).
Paratypes: o’, Chin, Alta., Aug. 19, 1929, G. F. Manson (Ottawa).
o’, Plummers Island, Md., July 20, 19138, W. D. Appel (Washington).
o', Milford Center, N. Y., July 13, 1935, H. Townes (Townes).
9, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1936, H. Townes (Townes). <,
Lake Junaluska, N. C., June 6, 1956, H. V. Weems, Jr. (Townes).
9, Jockvale, Ont., July 4, 1934, W. J. Brown (Ottawa). o, Spring
Brook, Pa., June 28, 1945, H. Townes (Townes). ’, reared from
phycitid on Tilia, Knowlton, Que., 1930, J. McDunnough (Ottawa).
9, Mossbank, Sask., July 10, 1923, Kenneth M. King (Ottawa).
This is a species of the Alleghenian fauna.
30. Exochus virgatifrons, new species
Ficures 189,q; 194,b
Front wing 4.9 to 6.0 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.18 as high as wide, moderately convex both horizontally and verti-
cally, in profile faintly flattened just above clypeus and the apical
part of clypeus more strongly incurved, their punctures coarse and
strong, subadjacent on face, sparse on clypeus; apical angle of inter-
antennal process about 105 degrees; median swelling of frons weak,
laterally only indistinctly differentiated; hind ocellus separated from
eye by about 0.45 its long diameter in both sexes; median half of
apical margin of clypeus weakly concave; mandible with sparse,
moderate-sized punctures, evenly tapered from its base of moderate
width to its rather narrow apex, its lower tooth small; costula repre-
sented by short stubs; second lateral area of propodeum with a few
hairs basally and often a very few apicolaterally, the rest bare;
areola bounded laterally by weak or obsolescent carinae; hind femur
about 2.60 as long as deep in male, about 2.40 as long as deep in
female; front spur of hind tibia about 3.3 as long as wide in male,
about 3.4 as long as wide in female; punctures of second abdominal
tergite of moderate size, strong, sublaterally separated by about 1.3
their diameter, medially absent or very sparse.
Colored in general like Hzochus rutilatus except that the pale
markings are a little more extensive. The following are definite
points of difference: Frons always with a complete and rather broad
ivory orbital border that is confluent with ivory mark at top of eye;
ivory mark on upper hind part of pronotum extending forward to
about the epomia; pronotum sometimes largely pale; disc of scutellum
230 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
always fulvous; mesoscutum often more or less fulvous; and hind
tibia blackish on its basal 0.18+ and apical 0.28+.
Type: 9, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1936, H. Townes (Washing-
ton, USNM 63663).
Paratypes: o&', New Haven, Conn. (Washington). 9, Sioux City,
Iowa, July 31, 1928, C. N. Ainslee (Washington). 29, Mahomet, IIl.,
June 29, 1930, A. R. Park (Washington). 9, Bangor, Maine, F. A.
Eddy (Cambridge). 9, Takoma Park, Md., June 3, 1944, H. and
M. Townes (Townes). 9, Wollaston, Mass., Aug. 15, 1896, F. H.
Sprague (Cambridge). 9, Hampton, N. H., July 24, 1914, S. Albert
Shaw (Washington). 9%, Bemus Point, N. Y., Aug. 21, 1937, H.Townes
(Townes). @, Canajoharie, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1934, H. Townes (Townes).
9, Ithaca, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1947 (Ottawa). o, McLean Reserve in
Tompkins Co., N. Y., Aug. 14, 1947 (Ottawa). oo, Oswego, N. Y..,
June 16, 1896 (Washington). <o, 9, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., July 18,
1936, H. Townes (Townes). o, Prattsville, N. Y., Aug. 8, 1934,
H. Townes (Townes). 9, reared from Canarsia ulmiarrosorella,
Ottawa, Ont., 1949 (Ottawa). o&, Dow’s Swamp, Ottawa, Ont.,
July 17, 1946, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). oo, Jefferson Co., Wis.,
July 22, 1945, W. McNeel (Madison).
This is a species of the Alleghenian fauna. Adults have been col-
lected from June 16 to August 21.
31. Exochus ferrugineus Ashmead
Ficures 189,r; 194,¢
Amesolytus ferrugineus Ashmead, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 201;
3, 2. Lectotype hereby designated: 9 (both front wings off, one of them
pasted on locality label), Texas, Belfrage collection (Washington).
Front wing 4.4 to 6.3 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.18 as high as wide in male, about 1.25 as high as wide in female,
moderately, evenly convex in both vertical and horizontal directions,
their punctures rather coarse and strong, subadjacent on face, sparse
on clypeus; apical angle of interantennal process about 90 degrees;
median swelling of frons weak, laterally only indistinctly differen-
tiated; hind ocellus separated from eye by about 0.45 its long diameter
in male, by about 0.25 its long diameter in female; median half of
apical edge of clypeus weakly concave; mandible with sparse, moder-
ate-sized punctures, evenly tapered from its base of moderate width
to its moderately narrow apex, its lower tooth small; costula usually
incomplete; second lateral area of propodeum with a very few hairs,
these at its base and/or in its apicolateral corner; areola bounded
laterally by weak or obsolescent carinae; hind femur about 2.36 as
long as deep in male, about 2.55 as long as deep in female; front spur
of hind tibia about 3.5 as long as wide in male, about 3.6 as long as
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 231
wide in female; punctures of second abdominal tergite of moderate
size and strength, sublaterally separated by about 1.3 their diameter,
medially absent or very sparse.
Head ivory white, a pair of small spots medially on lower part of
frons and a spot enclosing ocelli and upper half of occiput fulvous to
blackish brown, the occipital mark connecting laterally with hind
margin of eye and medially with spot enclosing ocelli; mouth parts
white; antenna blackish brown, brown below, the underside of scape
white; thorax fulvous, the upper part of pronotum (broad behind and
tapering forward to epomia), most of propleurum in male, tegula,
subtegular ridge, apex and sides of scutellum, postscutellum, meso-
sternum more or less and more or less of prepectus, ivory white;
front and middle legs whitish, partly tinged with fulvous; hind coxa
fulvous; hind trochanters pale fulvous; hind femur fulvous, its apex
white; hind tibia white, its basal 0.20+ and apical 0.30+ blackish;
hind tarsus white, its last segment fuscous except at base; abdomen
fulvous or sometimes partly or entirely infuscate. Rarely the upper
part of propodeum and areas on thorax surrounding wing bases are
infuscate.
Ficure 137, 138—Localities: 137 (left), Exochus ferrugineus; 138 (right),
E. mesorufus.
This is a distinctive species in its fulvous ground color, enlarged
ocelli, frons largely white, weak median swelling on frons, and weak
median carinae on propodeum. It is approached, however, or almost
matched in all of these characters by the closely related Hzochus
virgatifrons. E. ferrugineus shows an interesting reversal of the usual
sexual differences in having the female ocelli larger than those of the
male and the female hind femur more slender than that of the male.
Specimens: o, 2 miles west of Archer, Fla., Mar. 25, 1953, H. F.
451582—59 16
232 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Howden (Townes). <i, 4 miles northwest of Dunnellon, Fla., Aug. 3,
1938, Hubbell and Friauf (Ann Arbor). 9, Iowa, Aug. 21, 1935,
H. E. Jacques (Washington). co, Takoma Park, Md., July 6, 1944,
H. Townes (Washington). co, Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., F. M.
Jones (Townes). 9, Allegheny Co., Pa., June (Pittsburgh). 9,
Allegheny Co., Pa., ‘Aug. 8-14,” H. Kahl (Pittsburgh). 9, in light
trap, Fort Thompson, S. Dak., Aug. 12, 1943, D. T. Murdock
(Townes). @ (type), Texas (Washington). 9, G. W. Belfrage
(Townes). ¢@, Aug. 19, 1892 (Washington).
This species is widely distributed from Pennsylvania to Florida,
west to South Dakota and Texas, but is scarce in collections. The
pale color, large ocelli of the female and the fact that one female was
caught in a light trap indicate that this sex at least may fly at night.
32. Exochus mesorufus, new species
Fiaures 189,s; 194,d
Front wing 3.8 to 4.9 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.18 as high as wide in male, about 1.15 as high as wide in female,
moderately and evenly convex in the vertical and horizontal planes
except that the clypeus in profile bulges weakly; punctures of face and
clypeus moderate in size and strength, on face separated by about 0.5
their diameter, on clypeus much sparser; apical angle of interantennal
process about 100 degrees; median swelling of frons weak, laterally
not differentiated; hind ocellus separated from margin of eye by about
0.75 its long diameter in male, by about 0.95 its long diameter in
female; median half of apical margin of clypeus truncate or faintly con-
cave; mandible broad, with small, rather sparse punctures, rather
evenly tapered to its moderately broad apex, its lower tooth small;
costula incomplete or medially weak; second lateral area of propodeum
with a very few hairs basally or laterally; areola bounded laterally by
rather weak and narrow carinae; hind femur about 2.40 as long as deep
in male, about 2.17 as long as deep in female; front spur of hind tibia
about 3.1 as long as wide in male, about 3.2 as long as wide in female;
punctures of second abdominal tergite small, not deep, medially absent
or very sparse, sublaterally separated by about twice their diameter.
Male: Black. Face, narrow orbital line on lower half of frons,
triangular spot at top of eye, cheek, adjacent temple, clypeus, mouth
parts, lower 0.3 of propleurum, upper margin of pronotum from epomia
to apex (widened posteriorly), lower corner of pronotum, tegula, sub-
tegular ridge, narrow apex and sides of scutellum, narrow transverse
mark on postscutellum, upper part of prepectus, mesopleurum nar-
rowly next to its coxa, and front and middle legs, ivory white; antenna
blackish brown, brown below, the under side of scape white; meso-
sternum except for its median groove and mesopleurum except dorsally
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 233
and dorsoposteriorty, fulvoferruginous; hind coxa, trochanters, and
femur fulvous, the femur white at apex; hind tibia white, its basal and
apical 0.20 fuscous, the apical fuscous mark prolonged basad on the
ventral and exteroventral sides; hind tarsus white, the last segment
fuscous except at its base.
Female: Black. Face, triangular spot at top of eye, cheek, clypeus,
mouth parts, upper margin of pronotum from epomia to apex (widened
posteriorly), tegula, subtegular ridge, narrow apex and sides of scutel-
lum, and narrow transverse mark on postscutellum, ivory white, the
face ventrally and medially usually more or less brown and the apex
of mandible light brown; antenna brown, paler below, the under side
of scape ivory; dise of scutellum and often more or less of mesoscutum
fulvoferruginous; mesopleurum fulvoferruginous on its upper an-
terior swelling, this color often more extended to cover much of meso-
pleurum and mesosternum; metapleurum sometimes partly fulvo-
ferruginous; front and middle legs fulvous, their coxae and femora
apically and much of their tibiae basally and externally, yellowish
white; hind coxa, trochanters, and femur fulvous, the apex of femur
yellowish white above; hind tibia white, its basal 0.18+ and apical
0.25-+ fuscous, the fuscous apical mark prolonged basad on its extero-
ventral side to its basal 0.45+; hind tibia white, its last segment
fuscous apically.
Type: 9, Ship John Light House, Delaware Bay, May 24, 1936
(Washington, USNM 63664).
Paratypes: 9, Langdale, Ala., H. H. Smith (Washington). o, 29,
Pokemouche, N. B., July 8, 1940, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). 9, Rocka-
way, Long Island, N. Y. (New York). 9, no data (Ottawa).
33. Exochus genualis, new species
Fiaures 189,t; 194,e
Male: Front wing 3.7 to 4.3 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
about 1.16 as high as wide, moderately and evenly convex in both ver-
tical and horizontal directions except that the clypeus is faintly bulg-
ing, their punctures of moderate size, separated by about 0.5 their
diameter on face, sparser on clypeus; apical angle of interantennal
process about 90 degrees; median swelling of frons very weak, later-
ally not differentiated; hind ocellus separated from eye by about 0.87
its long diameter; temple unusually swollen and convex; median half
of clypeal margin truncate; mandible with moderately small punctures,
moderately wide basally, evenly tapered to its moderately narrow
apex, its lower tooth small; costula represented by short stubs; second
lateral area of propodeum with a few hairs basally and apicolaterally,
the rest bare; areola bounded laterally by weak carinae; hind femur
about 2.35 as long as deep; front spur of hind tibia about 3.8 as long
234 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
as wide; punctures on second abdominal tergite very small, weak,
medially sparse or absent, sublaterally separated by about 2.5 their
diameter; clasper rather broad, moderately hairy, tapered obliquely
from below to a rather sharp apex.
Ficures 139, 140.—Localities: 139 (left), Exochus genualis; 140 (right), E. peroniae.
Black. Face, narrow orbits on lower 0.5 to 0.7 of frons, large trian-
gular spot at top of eye, cheek, lower 0.3 to 0.5 of temple, mouth parts,
lower third of propleurum, upper part of pronotum (more broadly
posteriorly), lower corner and sometimes narrow hind margin of pro-
notum, tegula, subtegular ridge, apex and sides of scutellum, post-
scutellum, lateral portion of prepectus, sometimes anterodorsal
swollen part of mesopleurum, areas along lower edge of mesopleurum,
sometimes much of mesosternum, and front and middle legs, ivory
white; antenna blackish brown, paler below, its scape and pedicel
ivory white below; mesosternum except on median line and where
white, most or all mesopleurum except under subtegular ridge and
where white, often mesonotum and metapleurum except around edges,
and disc of scutellum, fulvous; hind leg ivory white, the basal 0.17 +
of tibia blackish and sometimes the apical 0.17+ of tibia partly
infuscate.
Female: Unknown.
Type: o, “Blood Mt,’’ Ga., May 16, 1951, P. W. Fattig (Wash-
ington, USNM 63665).
Paratypes: o', Takoma Park, Md., May 24, 1942, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). o, Ramsey, N. J., June 22, 1917 (New York).
o', Columbus, Ohio, J. O. Pepper (Washington). o, Falls Church,
Va., May 15, N. Banks (Cambridge). <&, Lost River State Park,
Hardy Co., W. Va., June 21, 1951, K. V. Krombein (Townes).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 235
34. Exochus peroniae, new species
Fiaures 189,u; 194,f
Front wing 3.3 to 5.8 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.15 as high as wide, their vertical convexity uniform and moderately
strong, their transverse convexity stronger than the vertical, their
punctures moderately coarse, separated by about 0.3 their diameter
on the face, much sparser on the clypeus; interantennal process with
an apical angle of about 100 degrees; frons with rather strong oblique
impressions, between which it is rather strongly swollen; median 0.4
of clypeus truncate; mandible broad basally, with sparse coarse
punctures, rather evenly tapered to a moderately broad apex, its
lower tooth very small; hind ocellus separated from eye by about 0.88
its long diameter in male, by about 1.0 its long diameter in female;
costula weak and broadly interrupted medially; second lateral area
of propodeum with a few hairs basally and apicolaterally, or in some
males more extensively hairy; hind femur about 2.25 as long as deep
in male, about 1.90 as long as deep in female; front spur of hind tibia
about 3.2 as long as wide; punctures on second abdominal tergite of
moderate size, sharp, usually sparse or almost absent medially, sub-
laterally separated by about 2.5 their diameter; male clasper excep-
tionally narrow.
Black. Face, narrow orbital line on lower half of frons, elongate
triangle at top of eye, cheek, adjacent part of temple, mouth parts,
under side of scape and pedicel, lower margin of propleurum of male,
elongate hind corner of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, vertical ellip-
tical spot on upper part of male prepectus, hind margin of scutellum,
postscutellum, and in most males a spot on mesosternum in front of
middle coxa, pale yellow; flagellum brown beneath, the rest blackish
brown; mesopleurum and metapleurum next to their coxae narrowly
pale yellow or fulvous; front and middle coxae pale yellowish, fulvous
basally, or in females often almost entirely fulvous; hind coxa fulvous;
trochanters pale yellow to fulvous; front and middle femora pale ful-
vous, pale yellow apically; hind femur fulvous, tinged with pale yellow
apically above, front and middle tibiae yellowish white on basal 0.45+,
the rest fulvous, in the female sometimes weakly infuscate, especially
on middle tibia; front and middle tarsi stramineous, darker apically;
hind tibia whitish, its basal 0.14-+ and apical 0.4-+ fuscous; hind tarsus
whitish, the apex of the first to fourth segments and apical0.7+ of
fifth segment light brown to fuscous.
Type: 9, Ashford, Wash., Aug. 18, 1940, H. and M. Townes (Wash-
ington, USNM 63666).
Paratypes (47, 639): From British Columbia (Barriere, Edge-
wood, Fish Lake Road at Kamloops, near Foreman, Fish Trap in
236 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Nehalliston Forest, Powell River in Paradise Valley, Upper Clear-
water River, and Vancouver) ; Colorado (Glen Haven); Maine (Casco,
“Dead River,” Greenville, Holeb, and Millinockett) ; Michigan (Dick-
inson Co.); New Brunswick (Charlotte Co., Dawson Siding, Glou-
cester Co., Madawaska Co., Northumberland Co., Restigauche Co.,
and Victoria Co.); New Hampshire (Pinkham Notch and Randolph);
New York (Lake Sebago in Bear Mountain Park, Bemus Point,
Canajoharie, Ithaca, Oneonta, and Shokan); Nova Scotia (Halifax
Co.); Ontario (Bear Lake, Bells Corners, Biscotasing, Elk Lake,
Grand Bend, Hillsdale, Lisle, ‘‘Masser,’?’ Mer Bleue (near Ottawa),
Port MeNicoll, Sudbury, and Thessalon); Oregon (Meacham);
Quebec (Anglers, Bonaventure Co., Brome, Covey Hill, East Ald-
field, Fort Coulange, Gracefield, Labelle, Lorrainville, Matane Co.,
Matapedia Co., Noranda, Rouyn, St. Ann de la Perade, St. Gabriel
de Brandon, and Stoneham) ; Vermont (Willoughby) ; and Washington
(Ashford, Glacier, and Mount Rainier at 4,000 ft.).
The majority of specimens were collected or reared between July
10 and August 10, but dates of capture range through the summer.
Particularly early and late seasonal dates are: May 28 at Old Chelsea,
Que.; June 2 at Ithaca, N. Y.; June 6 at Covey Hill, Que.; June 12
at Greenville, Maine; June 21 at Stoneham, Que.; August 30 at Mea-
cham, Oreg.; September 1 in Halifax County, N.S.; and September 4
at Fish Trap, Nehalliston Forest, B. C.
It has been reared many times from Acleris variana, in British
Columbia (Edgewood, Fish Lake Road at Kamloops, near Foreman,
Upper Clearwater River, and Vancouver); New Brunswick (Charlotte
Co., Dawson Siding, Gloucester Co., Madawaska Co., Northumber-
land Co., Restigauche Co., and Victoria Co.); Nova Scotia (Halifax
Co.); Ontario (Bear Lake, Biscotasing, Elk Lake, Hillsdale, Lisle,
Masser, Port MeNicoll, Sudbury, and Thessalon); and Quebec
(Angliers, Bonaventure Co., East Oldfield, Fort Coulange, Labelle,
Lorrainville, Matane Co., Matapedia Co., Noranda, Rouyn, and St.
Gabriel de Brandon). It has also been reared from a few other hosts
as follows: o&', from Tortrix packardiana, beaten from Abies, June 26,
1946, parasite emerged July 29, 1946; 9, from Argyrotaenia?, beaten from
Abies, May 29, 1946, parasite emerged June 12, 1946; 9, from Archips
melaleucana, Old Chelsea, Que., May 28, 1934; 9, from cocoon of
Neuroptera, Powell River, Paradise Valley, B. C., Aug. 16, 1939,
G. F. Smarge. A female is recorded as ‘flying about Picea” at Bells
Corners, Ont., June 25, 1935, by G. S. Walley.
This species is transcontinental in the Transition and Canadian
zones. Most adults occur in mid-summer. Acleris variana and other
tortricids on conifers serve as hosts.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 237
35. Exochus cnemidotus, new species
Fieures 190,a; 194,¢
Front wing 4.2 to 5.6 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.05 as high as wide in male, about 1.13 as high as wide in female,
their vertical convexity uniform and moderately strong, their trans-
verse convexity stronger than the vertical, their punctures moderately
coarse, separated by about 0.4 their diameter on face, much sparser
on clypeus; interantennal process with an apical angle of about 70
degrees; median swelling of frons rather weak; median half of clypeus
truncate or weakly concave; mandible broad basally, with sparse
coarse punctures, rather evenly tapered to a moderately broad apex,
its lower tooth very small; hind ocellus separated from eye by about
0.72 its long diameter in male, by about 1.0 its long diameter in
female; costula complete but medially weak; second lateral area of
propodeum with a few hairs, these variously distributed along its
basal and lateral edges and its lateroapical corner; hind femur about
2.25 as long as deep in male, about 2.07 as long as deep in female;
front spur of hind tibia about 2.9 as long as wide in male, about 3.1
as long as wide in female; punctures on second tergite of moderate
size, rather sharp, medially very sparse or absent, sublaterally sep-
arated by about 1.0 their diameter; male clasper very broad, its
apex obliquely subtruncate with the corners rounded.
Ficures 141, 142.—Localities: 141 (left), Exochus cnemidotus; 142 (right), E. capnodes.
Black. Face, narrow orbital line on lower third of frons, elongate
triangle at top of eye, and clypeus, whitish, a median vertical line or
elliptical spot on face light brown to blackish, often a brown spot
outside of clypeal fovea, apical edge of clypeus blackish, and edges
of mandible brown or blackish. In the two male specimens at hand
the face has across its lower part a broad brown band which extends
238 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
dorsally along the median line. Cheek more or less, under side of
scape, hind corner of pronotum, and obscure mark on subtegular
ridge, whitish; flagellum blackish brown, paler, below; basal half of
tegula whitish, the rest fulvous; front and middle legs fulvous, their
trochanters, coxae, and femora at apex, and basal part of their tibiae
and tarsi more or less tinged or marked with pale yellow; hind coxa,
trochanters, and femur fulvous; hind tibia white, its basal 0.15+
and apical 0.63+ fuscous; hind tarsus whitish, the apex of the first
through fourth segments and apical 0.7+ of fifth segment infuscate.
Type: 9, Prince Albert National Park, Sask., July 19, 1941, J. G.
Rempel (Washington, USNM 63667).
Paratypes: o', Waterton, Alta., July 17, 19238, H. L. Seamans
(Ottawa). 9, Trinity Valley, B. C., June 20, 1937, H. Leech (Ot-
tawa). 9, Mount Wachusett, near Princeton, Mass., July 2, 1948,
W. T. M. Forbes (Ithaca). o, Mount Marcy, N. Y., June 26,
J. N. Belkin (Townes). 9, Waubamick, Ont., June 5, 1915, H. S.
Parish (Ithaca). 9, Magog, Que., May 25, 1936, G. S. Walley
(Ottawa). 9, Charlestown, R. I., July 24, 1937, M. Chapman
(Townes). 9, Dawson, Yukon, July 17, 1949, W. W. Judd (Law-
rence).
This species is trancontinental, mostly in the Canadian zone.
36. Exochus externus, new species
Figures 179,k; 190,b; 194,h
Female type: Front wing 4.3 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
1.04 as high as wide, in vertical plane rather strongly convex above,
less strongly convex below, in horizontal plane rather weakly convex,
their punctures moderately large and coarse, on face separated by
about 0.6 their diameter, sparser on clypeus; interantennal process of
frons somewhat incurved, its apical angle 85 degrees; median swelling
of frons rather strong, ventrally elongate and very protuberant, almost
reaching interantennal process; hind ocellus separated from eye by
1.00 its long diameter; median half of clypeal margin faintly concave;
mandible with scattered, rather small punctures, broad basally,
tapered to a moderately narrow apex, its lower tooth small; costula
represented by very short stubs; second lateral area of propodeum
with a few hairs basally and in its apicolateral corner; hind femur 2.10
as long as deep; front spur of hind tibia 2.75 as long as wide; punctures
of second abdominal tergite very small, rather evenly distributed,
their interspaces about 2.5 their diameter.
Black. Face with a vertical yellowish triangle just laterad of each
antennal socket; spot at top of eye pale yellow; mouth parts stramin-
eous; hind corner of pronotum pale yellow shading into fulvous for-
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 239
ward, the pale hind part of pronotum reaching about 0.6 the distance
to epomia; tegula pale yellow, its apical half fulvous; subtegular ridge
pale yellow; postscutellum and apex of scutellum fulvous yellow;
mesopleurum, metapleurum, hind half of mesoscutum, and scutellum
ferruginous, the metapleurum under base of hind wing and meso-
scutum laterally black; coxae fulvous, the front and middle coxae
pale yellowish apically; trochanters fulvous, the front first trochanter
pale yellowish above; femora fulvous, the apex of front and middle
femora and a tinge on apex of hind femur above, pale yellow; front and
middle tibiae and tarsi light fulvous, the tibiae pale yellowish basally;
hind tibia with a white stripe covering its dorsal face from almost the
extreme base to almost the extreme apex, brownish next to the white
stripe, elsewhere fulvous; hind tarsus very pale fulvous, the first four
tarsal segments light brown at apex, the fifth segment light brown
except basally.
Type: 9, “Summit Prairie,’ Oreg., July 23, 1939, Schuh and Gray
(Corvallis).
37. Exochus capnodes, new species
Ficures 179,1; 190,c; 194,i
Male type: Front wing 3.8 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
0.98 as high as wide, rather strongly evenly convex in both vertical
and horizontal planes, their punctures moderate sized, moderately
strong, on face separated by about 0.5 their diameter, on clypeus a
little sparser; interantennal process of type specimen apparently
abnormal, with a small, median vertical groove and a small median
apical notch, the apical angle about 135 degrees; median swelling of
frons moderately strong; hind ocellus separated from eye by about
0.86 its long diameter; median 0.6 of clypeal margin weakly concave;
mandible with small sparse punctures, of moderate width, its apex
unusually wide and its ventral tooth unusually large, though much
smaller than upper tooth; costula incomplete; second lateral area of
propodeum with hairs on its lateral third; hind femur 2.30 as long as
deep; front spur of hind tibia 2.3 as long as wide; punctures on second
abdominal tergite moderately small, not strong, the sublateral ones
with interspaces about 0.7 their diameter, the median ones somewhat
sparser.
Black. Face yellow, brown along its lower margin; no pale spot at
top of eye; clypeus dark brown with an indefinite yellowish apico-
lateral area; mouth parts stramineous; tegular brown with a large
basal yellow spot; trochanters and front and middle coxae brown;
front femur brown, paler in front, its apex brownish yellow; front
tibia and tarsus light brown, yellowish basally; middle femur brown,
its apex brownish yellow; middle tibia brownish yellow on basal half,
240 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
the rest brown; middle tarsus stramineous, brown apically; hind coxa
blackish; hind femur blackish brown, its apex yellow above; hind
tibia pale brownish yellow, its basal 0.17 and apical 0.33 dark brown,
ventrally its apical 0.55 dark brown; hind basitarsus brownish yellow,
brown at apex; second and following segments of hind tarsus missing
from type.
Type: o, Oakland, Calif., Apr. 30, 1939, E. S. Ross (Washington,
USNM 63668).
38. Exochus signifer, new species
FrieureEs 179,m; 190,d; 195,a
Male: See the note under LF. transversus “male.”
Female: Front wing 4.6 to 5.2 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
about 0.91 as high as wide, rather strongly, evenly convex in vertical
plane, moderately convex in horizontal plane, their punctures mod-
erately coarse, strong, on face separated by about 0.5 their diameter,
on clypeus somewhat sparser; apical angle of interantennal process
about 60 degrees; median swelling of frons rather strong and distinct;
hind ocellus separated from eye by about 1.00 its long diameter;
median half of clypeal margin straight; flagellum with 26 to 28 seg-
ments; mandible with moderate-sized scattered punctures, rather
long and weakly tapered, its lower tooth small and upper tooth unusu-
ally long, costula complete or incomplete; second lateral area of pro-
podeum with a very few hairs laterally; hind femur about 2.12 as long
as deep; second abdominal tergite impunctate medially, its punctures
sublaterally of moderate size, sharp, and separated by about 1.6
their diameter.
Black. Face, orbital line on lower 0.2 to 0.6 of frons, rather large
spot at top of eye, clypeus, cheek, adjacent temple, mouth parts,
under side of scape, upper margin of pronotum from epomia to apex
Ficure 143.—Localities for
Exochus signtfer.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 241
(widening posteriorly), tegula, subtegular ridge, usually narrow apex
and basal corner of scutellum, and usually a narrow line on post-
scutellum, pale yellow, the face usually with a broad, median, sub-
dorsal, triangular blackish area which is sometimes enlarged ventrally
to reach clypeus; flagellum blackish brown, brown beneath; pleura
next to each coxa and often the scutellum ferruginous, rarely the pleura
almost entirely ferruginous; front and middle legs fulvous, their
coxae apically, trochanters, femora at apex, and tibiae on basal 0.4,
yellowish; hind coxa, trochanters, and femur fulvous, the femur
occasionally obscurely yellowish at apex above; hind tibia white, its
basal 0.14+ and apical 0.35+ (measured on dorsal edge), brown or
blackish, on its front face the apical blackish area extending about
0.60 the length of the tibia; hind tarsus pale stramineous, its last
segment blackish except towards its base.
Type: 9, Stratton, Maine, Aug. 19, 1945, J. C. Bradley (Washing-
ton, USNM 63669).
Paratypes: 9, College, Alaska, July 16, 1945, J. C. Chamberlin
(Washington). 9°, Katmai, Alaska, August 1917, Jas. S. Hine
(Townes). 9, ‘‘Kelso,” B. C., July 12, J. W. Cockle (Washington).
9, Mecosta Co., Mich., July 25, 1951, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach).
2, Itasca State Park, Minn., September, S. Garthside (Washington).
9, Peekskill, N. Y., July 6, 1941, H. Townes (Townes). 9@, Summit
Co., Ohio, Aug. 4, 1936, L. J. Lipovsky (Lawrence). 9, Goshen,
Utah, Aug. 16, 1940, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). 29, ‘““Cranmoor,”’
Wis., Oct. 6, 1909, C. W. Hooker (Townes). 9, data illegible, H. G.
Dyar (Washington).
This species is transcontinental in the Canadian and Transition
zones.
39. Exochus transversus, new species
Fiaures 179,n; 190,e; 195,b
Female: Front wing 4.0 to 4.2 mm. long; combined face and
clypeus about 0.88 as high as wide, in vertical plane very strongly
convex, a little more convex below than above, in horizontal plane
moderately convex, their punctures rather coarse and strong, on face
separated by about 0.5 their diameter, on clypeus separated by about
0.7 their diameter; apical angle of interantennal process of face about
70 degrees; median swelling on frons strong and sharply delimited;
hind ocellus separated from eye by about 1.00 its long diameter;
median 0.6 of clypeal margin faintly concave; flagellum of type with
21 segments, of paratype missing; mandible with medium-sized punc-
tures, rather long and narrow, its outer face rather convex and lower
tooth small; metapleurum with a few hairs posteriorly and sometimes
a very few discally; costula represented by weak, rather long stubs;
242 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 144.—Localities for
Exochus transversus.
second lateral area of propodeum with a few hairs basally, laterally,
and in its apicolateral corner; hind femur about 1.94 as long as deep;
front spur of hind tibia about 2.6 as long as wide.
Black. Wide transverse band on upper margin of face, small spot
at top of eye, mouth parts, tegula, and narrow hind corner of pro-
notum, pale yellow, the tegula with a postmedian fulvous area;
antenna brown beneath; pleura with a small fulvous-tinged area next
to each coxa; front and middle legs fulvous, yellowish on apices of
their coxae and femora and on basal half of tibiae; hind coxa, tro-
chanters, and femur fulvous, the femur without an apical yellowish
area; hind tibia fulvous below, laterally and above infuscate on its
basal 0.19-+ and apical 0.43+, the rest whitish; hind tarsus pale
stramineous, a little darkened apically and on the apex of the first
four segments.
Male: A number of males that may belong to this species differ
from the females in having the face and clypeus a little less convex
and the pale yellow markings much more extensive, including the
face, clypeus, cheek, large hind corner of pronotum, prepectus, mes-
osternum, and other areas. It has not been possible to decide whether
these males belong to the present species, to EH. signifer, or to both
species and/or to possibly a third species.
Type: 9, Saskatoon, Sask., June 22, 1923, N. J. Atkinson (Ottawa).
Paratype: 2, Waubamick, Ont., June 16, 1915, H.S. Parish (Ithaca).
40. Exochus postfurcalis, new species
Fieures 190,f; 195,¢
Front wing 3.9 to 4.4 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.20 as high as wide in male, about 1.08 as high as wide in female,
rather strongly and very evenly convex in both vertical and horizontal
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 243
planes, their punctures rather small, not strong, on face separated by
about 0.7 their diameter, on clypeus a little sparser; apical angle of
interantennal process about 105 degrees; median swelling of frons
rather strong and sharply delimited; hind ocellus separated from eye
by about 0.78 its long diameter in male, by about 0.94 its long diam-
eter in female; median half of clypeal margin straight or in the middle
faintly concave; mandible with small, weak, scattered punctures,
rather broad, abruptly tapered toward apex, its lower tooth very
small; costula absent or represented by short stubs; second lateral
area of propodeum usually with a few hairs basally and apicolaterally ;
nervulus distad of basal vein by about 0.65 its length; hind femur
about 2.20 as long as deep in male, about 2.11 as long as deep in
female; front spur of hind tibia about 2.0 as long as wide in male,
about 2.3 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite with
medium-sized, sharp punctures, very sparse medially, sublaterally
separated by about 2.0 their diameter; male clasper moderately wide,
its hairs moderately dense, roundly tapered from below to a sharply
rounded apex.
Black. Face, orbital wedge on lower 0.5+ of frons, large triangular
spot at top of eye, cheek, adjacent temple, clypeus, mouth parts,
under side of scape, under side of pedicel of male, lower 0.5+ of
propleurum of male, very wide hind corner of pronotum tapering
forward to about notaulus in male and to about epomia in female,
tegula, and subtegular ridge, pale yellow or ivory white; flagellum
blackish brown, brown below; propleurum of female largely fulvous;
pronotum largely fulvous ventrally and posteriorly; thoracic sterna
and pleura varying from all black to all fulvous, usually mostly or
entirely fulvous but sometimes entirely black in specimens from more
northern localities; prepectus and forward parts of mesosternum and
mesopleurum more or less white in male; mesoscutum and scutellum
Figure 145—Localities for
Exochus postfurcalis.
244 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
black to fulvous, usually fulvous narrowly bordered with black but
sometimes entirely black, especially in specimens from more northern
localities; scutellum pale yellowish apically, often yellowish at basal
corner and sometimes narrowly yellowish laterally; postscutellum
usually marked with fulvous and yellow; pleural areas of propodeum
often more or less fulvous; front and middle legs ivory white, the
femora except apically and apical half of their tibiae more or less
fulvous, especially in females; hind coxa fulvous, more or less ivory
apically, especially in males, in occasional males entirely ivory; hind
trochanters ivory to fulvous; hind femur fulvous, its apex broadly
white, especially above; hind tibia white, its basal 0.17+ and apical
0.28-++ fuscous; hind tarsus white, its last segment fuscous except
basally.
Type: 9, Takoma Park, Md., July 12, 1943, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63670).
Paratypes (60, 1169): From Colorado (Creede at 8,800 {t.);
Connecticut (Lebanon); District of Columbia (Georgetown); Kansas
(Lawrence); Maine (Camp Kennedy at 3,000 ft. on Mount Katahdin
and Casco); Manitoba (Red Deer River); Maryland (Takoma Park) ;
Michigan (George Reserve in Livingston Co., Marquette Co., and
Oakland Co.); New Hampshire (Randolph and White Mts.); New
Jersey (Moorestown); New York (Farmingdale, Ithaca, Oneonta,
and Poughkeepsie); North Carolina (Mount Pisgah at 4,800 to 5,300
ft., Marshall, Mount Mitchell at 5,000 to 6,711 ft., “SSmith’s Cove,”
and Wake Co.); Nova Scotia (White Point Beach in Queens Co.);
Ohio (Columbus); Ontario (Vineland Station and Waubamick) ;
Pennsylvania (Spring Brook and Youngwood); Rhode Island (West-
erly); and Virginia (Charlottesville, Falls Church, Great Falls, and
between Scotts Run and Bolts Hill).
Most dates of collection are from June 15 to the end of August.
Those outside of this range are: May 23 at Lawrence, Kans.; May 28
and June 1 at Ithaca, N. Y.; June 11 at Takoma Park, Md.; June 14
at Waubamick, Ont.; September 1, 6, 10, and 11 at Takoma Park,
Md.; and November 2 at Charlottesville, Va.
There are ten reared specimens: 2.7, 69, from Acleris oxrycoccana,
White Point Beach, Queens Co., N. S., Aug. 13, 16, 18, 20, and 22,
1935, J. McDunnough; and 2¢, from Episimus argutanus, Vineland
Station, Ont., Aug. 15 and 22, 1939, W. L. Putnam.
We have collected the species many times by sweeping in the under-
erowth of deciduous woods.
This species is in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas. Adults
occur from late spring to early fall, but are commonest in July and
August.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 245
41. Exochus spilotus, new species
Figures 190,g; 195,d
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 5.0 to 5.3 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
about 1.05 as high as wide, strongly convex vertically but somewhat
flattened below, moderately convex horizontally, their punctures
rather coarse and strong, subadjacent on face and abruptly sparser on
clypeus; apical angle of interantennal process about 90 degrees;
median swelling of frons strong and sharply delimited; hind ocellus
separated from eye by about 1.05 its long diameter; median half
of clypeal margin straight; mandible with rather small punctures,
moderately broad basally, narrowed apically, abruptly narrowed at
base of its lower tooth, the lower tooth very small; costula entirely
absent or represented by very short stubs; second lateral area of pro-
podeum with a few hairs basally and in apicolateral corner; hind
femur about 2.02 as long as deep; front spur of hind tibia about 2.65
as long as wide; punctures on second abdominal tergite small but
sharp, very sparse or absent medially, the sublateral punctures
separated by about 2.0 their diameter.
Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, small spot at top of eye, mouth parts,
under side of scape and pedicel, upper margin of pronotum, tegula, and
usually postscutellum and apex and lateral margin of scutellum, pale
yellow, the face with a median vertical brown area and a large brown
spot next to each clypeal fovea, and the tegula with a postmedian
fulvous area. The yellow upper margin of pronotum is wide posteriorly
and tapers forward, usually reaching the epomia. Flagellum brown
below; pleura with a small fulvous area next each coxa; coxae,
trochanters, and femora fulvous, the apex of front and middle coxae
and femora and usually apex of hind femur above, pale yellow; front
tibia and front and middle tarsi yellowish fulvous; middle tibia yel-
Ficure 146.—Localities for
Exochus spilotus.
246 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
lowish on basal half, infuscate fulvous on apical half, more uniformly
fulvous beneath; hind tibia white, its basal 0.20-+ and apical 0.27+
(as measured on upper edge), blackish, on the front face the apical
black mark 0.40+ the tibial length; hind tarsus white, the apical 0.75
of the last segment blackish. .
Type: 9, Ashford, Wash., Aug. 18, 1940, H. and M. Townes (Wash-
ington, USNM 63671).
Paratypes: 9, Northeast Harbor, Maine, Aug. 11, 1909, C. S.
Minot (Washington). 9, reared from tortricid, Fort William, Ont.,
1945 (Ottawa). 9, Westport, Wash., July 17, 1940, H. and M.
Townes (Townes).
This species is known from Maine, Ontario, and Washington.
42. Exochus dorsalis Cresson
FiavrE 190,h
Front wing 3.8 to 6.0 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.04 as high as wide in male, about 1.02 as high as wide in female, its
upper part moderately convex, just above the middle strongly convex,
below this point more or less flattened, in the female discally almost
or quite flat or discally concave; punctures of face and clypeus coarse,
on face subadjacent, on clypeus abruptly very much sparser; apical
angle of interantennal process about 105 degrees; median swelling
of frons very strong and very strongly delimited; hind ocellus separated
from eye by about 0.75 its long diameter in male, by about 0.87 its
long diameter in female; median half of clypeal margin weakly con-
cave; mandible with scattered, medium sized punctures, moderately
wide, tapered toward apex and rather abruptly narrowed near base
of teeth, its lower tooth very small; costula absent or incomplete,
sometimes complete; second lateral area of propodeum with a few
hairs basally and apicolaterally; nervulus distad of basal vein by
about 0.4 its length; hind femur from 1.60 to 2.20 as long as wide,
according to the sex and subspecies; front spur of hind tibia from
about 2.0 to 2.5 as long as wide, according to the sex and subspecies;
second tergite with rather small sharp punctures, medially almost
or quite impunctate, sublaterally the punctures separated by about
2.0 their diameter; male clasper moderately wide, moderately hairy,
rather abruptly, obliquely narrowed from below, its apex sharply
rounded.
Black. Face, frontal orbit (wide below, tapered above) almost or
quite confluent with spot at top of eye, unusually large spot at top of
eye, cheek, lower part of temple, mouth parts, scape below, often
pedicel below, upper margin of pronotum (very wide behind, tapered
forward to epomia), tegula, subtegular ridge, postscutellum, and
broad apex and sides of scutellum, ivory white; black ground color
of head sometimes more or less replaced with ferruginous; flagellum
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 247
brown below; lower part of propleurum fulvous or whitish; lower
part of pronotum fulvous; pronotum fulvous to black, except as
described otherwise; mesosternum and metasternum fulvous, the
mesosternum more or less whitish, especially in male; mesopleurum
fulvous, its prepectus more or less whitish, below its subtegular
ridge more or less infuscate; metapleurum fulvous; mesoscutum
fulvous to black, most often fulvous; disc of scutellum fulvous; pleural
areas of propodeum often more or less fulvous; front and middle legs
ivory white, often generally stained with stramineous, the coxae
more or less fulvous, the femora pale fulvous except apically, and the
apical 0.45 of tibiae fulvous, at,least dorsally and in some females
infuscate, especially on the middle tibia; hind coxa more or less ivory
apically; hind trochanters ivory to fulvous; hind femur fulvous, with
a large conspicuous ivory area apically above; hind tibia white, its
basal 0.17-+ and apical 0.26+ blackish; hind tarsus white, its last
segment blackish except basally.
There is a northern and a southern subspecies as distinguished
below:
1. Hind femur 2.10 to 2.20 as long as wide in male, 1.66 to 1.97 as long as wide
in female; combined face and clypeus a little less strongly flattened below
than in E. dorsalis dorsalis, in female the lower part being discally very
weakly convex; range: transcontinental in Transition zone.
42a. dorsalis pictilis, new name
Hind femur 1.89 to 2.00 as long as wide in male, 1.60 to 1.66 as long as wide in
female (fig. 195,e) ; combined face and clypeus a little more strongly flattened
below than in E. dorsalis fylesi, in female the lower part being discally flat or
slightly concave; range: Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
42b. dorsalis dorsalis Cresson
42a. Exochus pictilis Walkley
Exochus pictilis Walkley, in Krombein et al, U.S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2, Ist
Suppl., p. 59.
Amesolytus pictus Fyles, 1904, Canedian Ent., vol. 36, p. 207; [9] (preoccupied
in Exochus by Holmgren, 1856). Type: 9, Levis, Que. (Washington).
Front wing 4.5 to 6.0 mm. long; thorax moderately depressed;
lower part of combined face and clypeus of female discally very
weakly convex; hind femur about 2.15 (2.10 to 2.20) as long as wide
in male, about 1.80 (1.66 to 1.97) as long as wide in female; front
spur of hind tibia about 2.5 as long as wide in male, about 2.3 as
long as wide in female.
Pronotum discally and mesoscutum black to fulvous, usually
fulvous.
Specimens: 9, Canterbury, Conn., July 25, 1937, M. Chapman
(Townes). o, East Lansing, Mich., July 27, 19389 (East Lansing). o’,
St. Anthony Park near Minneapolis, Minn., June 22, 1910, “E. C. P.”’
451582—69-—17
IQAS8 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
(St. Paul). #, Traverse Co., Minn., O. W. Oestlund (St. Paul). 0,
29, reared from leaf roller on sumac (Rhus), Ottawa Co., Ohio, col-
lected July 27, 1943, emerged Aug. 19 and 30, 1943, Neal and Gielow
(Washington). 9, Ohio, C. H. Kennedy (Washington). &, Normandale,
Ont., June 26, 1939, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). o, Point Pelee, Ont.,
May 31, 1929, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). o, Lac Mercier, Que., Aug.
16, 1937, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). 9 (type), reared from Meroptera
pravella on sumac (hus), Levis, Que., T. W. Fyles (Washington). 0,
Westerly, R. I., Aug. 28, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9,
Asotin Co., Wash., June 24, 1932, J. M. Aldrich (Washington). 9,
Juneau Co., Wis., Sept. 2, 1949, W. McNeal (Madison). There are
also two females from Put-in-Bay, Ohio, which are intermediate to the
subspecies dorsalis. These are as follows: 9, June 30, 1922 (Townes),
9, July 24, 1927, R. C. Osburn (Townes).
This subspecies is transcontinental, mostly in the Transition zone.
42b. Exochus dorsalis dorsalis Cresson
FiaureE 195,e
Exochus dorsalis Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 286; ‘f=
9. Type: 9, New Jersey (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.8 to 5.6 mm. long; thorax strongly depressed; lower
part of combined face and clypeus of female discally flat or weakly
concave; hind femur about 1.95 (1.89 to 2.00) as long as wide in male,
about 1.65 (1.60 to 1.66) as long as wide in female; front spur of hind
tibia about 2.2 as long as wide in male, about 2.0 as long as wide in
female.
Pronotum discally and mesoscutum always fulvous.
Specimens (296, 289): From Alabama (Coleta and Pyriton);
Maryland (Bowie and Takoma Park); New Jersey (Moorestown) ;
Ficures 147, 148.—Localities, subspecies of Exochus dorsalis: 147 (left), fylest; 148 (right),
dorsalis.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 249
New York (Pelham Bay Park); North Carolina (Elizabethtown,
Murfreesboro, and Wake Co.); Pennsylvania (Valley Forge); South
Carolina (McClellanville and Greenville); and Virginia (Mount
Vernon).
Most collection dates are from July 1 to the end of August. Those
outside of this range are: April 25 at Elizabethtown, N. C.; May 18
at McClellanville, S. C.; June 23 at Moorestown, N. J.; June 24 and
29 at Bowie, Md.; June 30 without locality; September 6 and 11 and
October 9 at Takoma Park, Md.; September 15 in Wake County,
N. C.; and September 27 at Murfreesboro, N. C.
We have found the species common at times in the undergrowth
of deciduous woods. When caught, it gives off a strong odor like the
species of Coccygomimus. Field notes made Sept. 11, 1943 at Takoma
Park, Md., state that males were abundant on that date, resting on,
and flying about the tips of branches of shrubs in the woods, from near
the ground to a height of 1.5 meters.
This subspecies is in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
Adults occur mostly in July and August, but there are a few from
late spring to early fall.
43. Exochus fastigatus, new species
Fiaures 190,i; 195,f
Front wing 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.20 as high as wide in male, about 1.25 as high as wide in female, their
convexity uniform, moderately strong; apical angle of interantennal
process about 90 degrees; median 0.5 of clypeal margin straight;
median area of frons very weakly raised and hardly differentiated;
mandible moderately short (about 0.60 as long as mouth opening is
wide), not twisted, tapered evenly from base to a rather narrow apex,
Ficures 149, 150.—Localities: 149 (left), Exochus fastigatus; 150 (right), E. cantdens.
250 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
its outer face with a very few punctures, its upper tooth small, its
lower tooth smaller than upper tooth (as usual); second lateral area
of propodeum with hairs laterally and apicolaterally; front spur of
hind tibia about 2.6 as long as wide in male, about 2.5 as long as wide
in female; punctures of second tergite moderately small, moderately
sharp, absent medially, sublaterally separated by about 2.0 their
diameter; male clasper moderately broad, moderately hairy, its apex
obliquely rounded from below.
Black. Face, narrow orbit on lower part of frons, triangular spot at
top of eye, cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, large upper hind corner of pro-
notum, tegula, and margin of subtegular ridge, pale yellow; antenna
brown, paler below, the scape usually yellow beneath; front and middle
legs of male pale yellow, their femora mostly pale fulvous except api-
cally; front and middle legs of female light fulvous, their coxae and
femora apically and basal half of their tibiae pale yellow; hind coxa
of male fulvous basally, pale yellow apically, of female entirely fulvous;
hind trochanters fulvous; hind femur fulvous, in the male broadly
pale yellow apically above, in the female sometimes with a small pale
yellow area apically above; hind tibia and tarsus yellowish stramine-
ous, the tibia tinged with fulvous at extreme base and on sides and
bottom, and its apical 0.22+ fuscous, the fuscous apex shading basally
into the fulvous area; hind tarsus brownish at apex; lateral part of
second to fourth tergites sometimes yellowish in male, fulvous in
female, the pale areas (when present) largest on the third tergite.
Type: 9, reared from ?Ancylis comptana on Arctostaphylos, Bar
Harbor, Maine, June 20, 1936 (Washington, USNM 63672).
Paratypes: 207, 19, same data as type (Washington and Townes).
2, Holliston, Mass., September 8, N. Banks (Cambridge). ?, Westerly,
R. I., August 25, 1946, M. Townes (Townes).
44. Exochus canidens, new species
Ficures 190,j; 195,g
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 3.4 to 4.3 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
about 1.25 as high as wide, their convexity uniform, moderately
strong; apical angle of interantennal process about 95 degrees; median
0.5 of clypeal margin straight; median area of frons very weakly
raised and hardly differentiated; mandible moderately long (about
0.77 as long as mouth opening is wide), not or faintly twisted, tapered
weakly from base for about 0.6 its length, then more strongly tapered
to a moderately wide apex, its outer face with a few punctures, its
lower tooth small, its upper tooth rather long; second lateral area of
propodeum with a few hairs in apicolateral corner; front spur of
hind tibia about 2.7 as long as wide; punctures of second tergite
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 251
moderately small, moderately sharp, absent medially, sublaterally
separated by about 2.0 their diameter.
Colored like the female of E. fastigatus except that the abdomen is
always entirely black.
Type: 2, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1936, H. Townes (Wash-
ington, USNM 63673).
Paratypes: 9, Edmonton, Alta., July 31, 1947, E. H. Strickland
(Townes). 9, Branch Co., Mich., Sept. 7, 1953, R. R. Dreisbach
(Dreisbach). 9, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Cambridge).
45. Exochus denotatus, new species
Ficures 190,k; 195,h
Front wing 4.2 to 5.6 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.12 as high as wide in male, about 1.19 as high as wide in female,
their convexity uniform, rather strong; apical angle of interantennal
process about 115 degrees; median 0.5 of clypeal margin straight;
median area of frons very weakly raised and hardly differentiated;
mandible of moderate length, not twisted, tapered rather evenly
from base to its apex of moderate width, its lower tooth quite short
and upper tooth moderately long, its outer face with a few moderate-
sized punctures; second lateral area of propodeum with a few hairs
in its apicolateral corner; front spur of hind tibia about 2.4 as long
as wide in male, about 2.3 as long as wide in female; punctures of
second tergite moderately coarse, rather sharp, medially very sparse
or absent, sublaterally separated by about 1.5 their diameter; male
clasper moderately broad, rather hairy, its apex obliquely rounded
from below.
Black. Face, lower half of frontal orbit, spot at top of eye, cheek,
clypeus, mouth parts, under side of scape, broad upper margin of
Ficures 151, 152.—Localities: 151 (left), Exochus denotatus; 152 (right), Z. ostentatus.
252 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
pronotum (broadest behind and reaching forward to in front of epomia)
tegula, subtegular ridge, narrow side and apex of scutellum, and
postscutellum, ivory white; flagellum brown beneath; mesosternum,
metasternum, lower part of propleurum, mesopleurum except just
beneath subtegular ridge, and metapleurum all usually ferruginous
or fulvous but sometimes more or less black or entirely black except
for part of metapleurum; upper part of prepectus of male marked
with yellow; pleural part of propodeum sometimes ferruginous or
fulvous; front and middle coxae fulvous, ivory apically; front and
middle trochanters ivory in male, mostly fulvous in female; front and
middle femora fulvous, ivory apically, especially in front; front and
middle tibiae ivory with pale fulvous areas; front and middle tarsi
pale stramineous, whitish basally; hind coxa, trochanters, and femur
fulvous, the extreme apex of femur a little infuscate; hind tibia
white, its apical 0.35+ blackish on dorsal edge, the blackish area
extending basad laterally and ventrally to near midlength of tibia,
the blackish area averaging darker and more extensive in males
than in females; hind tarsus white, the apex of its first four segments
and apical half of its fifth segment pale brown to blackish.
Type: 9, Mayo Beach, Md., Oct. 27, 1945, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63674).
Paratypes: 307, 29, same data as type (Townes). o, Takoma
Park, Md., June 21, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes). ”, Hollis-
ton, Mass., Aug. 14, N. Banks (Cambridge). i, 9, George Reserve,
Livingston Co., Mich., July 1 and Aug. 21, 1956, H. Townes (Townes).
9, bred from leaf roller on Spiraea, St. Paul, Minn., July 31, 1936,
D. J. Pletsch (St. Paul). o&, bred from Zomaria interuptolineana,
Essex Co., N. J., July 29, W. D. Kearfott (Washington). «7, Moores-
town, N. J., July 27, 1939, H. and M. Townes (Townes). ’, Elmira,
N. Y., Aug. 4, 1937, H. Townes (Townes). of”, 9, Farmingdale, N. Y.,
Aug. 14 and 23, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). <, Van Court-
land Park, N. Y., July 20, 1913, (Ithaca). o, Bala, Ont., July 19,
1922, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). 9, “New Cumberland,” Pa., May 8,
1909, P. R. Myers (Washington). 9, Kazabazua, Que., Aug. 17,
1927, G.S. Walley (Ottawa).
This species occurs from Quebec to Maryland and west to Minne-
sota.
46. Exechus ostentatus Davis
Fieures 190,]; 195,i
Exochus ostentatus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 217; o&.
Type: &, District of Columbia (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.4 to 4.7 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.17 as high as wide in both sexes, their convexity uniform, moderately
strong; apical angle of interantennal process about 100 degrees;
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 253
median 0.5 of clypeal margin moderately concave; median area of
frons very weakly raised and hardly differentiated; mandible mod-
erately large, twisted, its apical third rotated from plane of its con-
dyles about 25 degrees in male, about 40 degrees in female, the rotation
in a direction to place the lower tooth of mandible nearer mouth
opening; mandible evenly tapered from base to apex, its outer face
moderately convex, with scattered punctures, its teeth moderately
large; second lateral area of propodeum with a few hairs laterally and
apicolaterally; front spur of hind tibia about 2.65 as long as wide in
male, about 2.5 as long as wide in female; punctures of second tergite
of moderate size and sharpness, very sparse or absent medially, the
sublateral ones separated by about 1.4 their diameter; male clasper of
moderate width, rather densely hairy, tapered from below to a rounded
point.
Black. Face, frontal orbit (sometimes continuous with spot at top
of eye), large triangular spot at top of eye, cheek, lower 0.4 of temple,
clypeus, mouth parts, front of scape, upper margin of pronotum (wide
behind, narrow in front, reaching forward about to epomia), often
anteroventral edge of pronotum, lower part or most of propleurum,
tegula, subtegular ridge, narrow apex and narrower side of scutellum,
and usually postscutellum, ivory; flagellum tan beneath in male,
brown beneath in female; male mesosternum almost entirely and
mesopleurum and side of pronotum largely, ivory, the rest of meso-
pleurum and pronotum fulvous except for blackish area below sub-
tegular ridge; male metapleurum fulvous and ivory; male scutellum
fulvous bordered with ivory; female pronotum usually largely fulvous
with its anterodorsal part black, sometimes entirely black except for
its ivory upper edge; mesosternum, nearly always metasternum,
metapleurum, mesopleurum except for blackish area beneath sub-
tegular ridge, and disc of scutellum fulvoferruginous; female mesoscu-
tum fulvoferruginous (with a blackish margin) to black (with a
ferruginous central area); pleural part of female propodeum often
fulvoferruginous; front and middle legs ivory, the basal 0.7+ of their
femora and apical 0.5+ of their tibiae tinged with fulvous (faintly
tinged in male, distinctly tinged in female); hind coxa and trochanters
ivory tinged with fulvous in male, in female light fulvous with the
coxa apically tinged with ivory; hind femur very pale fulvous in male,
medium fulvous in female, the apex distinctly infuscate, especially
above, the femur more or less whitish above just basad of apical
fuscous mark; hind tibia white, its apical 0.28+ fuscous brown; hind
tarsus white, its fifth segment brown at apex; apicolateral corner of
second, third, fourth, and occasionally also fifth tergites usually
stramineous, the stramineous marks largest on third tergite. Some-
times the tergites are entirely blackish.
254 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Specimens: 9, Pyriton, Ala., H. H. Smith (Washington). ,
Edmonton, Alta., July 5, 1947, E. H. Strickland (Edmonton). ¢
(type) District of Columbia (Philadelphia). @, 9, Takoma Park, Md.,
July 4 and 5, 1942, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 29, Takoma Park,
Md., July 1, 1943 and Aug. 23, 1943, H. and M.: Townes (Townes).
9, Chisago Co., Minn., July 15, 1911 (St. Paul). 9, Glassboro, N. J.,
Aug. 12, 1942, W. F. Rapp, Jr. (Washington). 9, in grass bog, McLean
Reserve, Tompkins Co., N. Y., Sept. 12, 1914 (Ithaca). &, Pough-
keepsie, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1936, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Chatterton,
Ont., July 22, 1951, John C. Martin (Ottawa). 9, Swiftwater, Pa.,
Aug. 12, 1939, T. R. Gardner (Townes). 9, J. C. Bridwell (Washing-
ton).
This species occurs from New York to Alabama and westward to
Alberta.
47. Exochus quadradens, new species
Figures 190,m; 196,a
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 4.0 to 4.3 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
about 1.19 as high as wide, their convexity uniform, moderately
strong; apical angle of interantennal process about 115 degrees;
median 0.5 of clypeal margin faintly concave; median area of frons
very weakly raised and very weakly differentiated; mandible mod-
erately large, not twisted, rather broadly rectangular, only very little
narrowed from its condyles to the base of its teeth, its outer face
moderately punctate, its lower tooth very broad and short, its upper
tooth moderately long; second lateral area of propodeum with a few
hairs in apicolateral corner; front spur of hind tibia about 2.5 as long
as wide; punctures of second tergite moderately small, sharp, very
sparse or absent medially, the sublateral ones separated by about 1.5
their diameter.
Ficures 153, 154.—Localities: 153 (left), Exochus quadradens; 154 (right), E. cuneatus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 255
Black. Face, frontal orbit (sometimes narrowly connected with spot
at top of eye), large triangular spot at top of eye, cheek, lower 0.4+
of temple, mouth parts, front of scape, upper hind part of pronotum
(very wide posteriorly, narrowing anteriorly and reaching just for-
ward of epomia), tegula, subtegular ridge, area on upper part of
prepectus, and obscure apex of scutellum, pale yellow; flagellum
brown beneath; lower half of propleurum pale fulvous; mesopleurum
and metapleurum partly ferruginous or suffused with ferruginous;
front and middle legs pale yellow, their femora on basal 0.7+ and
their tarsi apically tinged with fulvous; hind coxa fulvous, ivory
apically above; hind trochanters yellowish fulvous; hind femur fulvous,
faintly infuscate at apex above; hind tibia whitish, largely pale fulvous
below, its apical 0.24+ dark brown; hind tarsus white, its apical
segment mostly brown.
Type: 9, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 9, 1943, H. and M. Townes
(Washington, USNM 63675).
Paratypes: 42, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 5, 9, 19, and 25, 1943, H.
and M. Townes (Townes).
48. Exochus cuneatus, new species
Fiaures 190,n; 196,b
Male type: Front wing 3.7 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
0.83 as high as wide, rather strongly convex, the face medially with
a weak longitudinal ridge on its upper 0.7 (this may be an abnormality
in the single specimen at hand); apical angle of interantennal process
110 degrees; median area of frons moderately raised but below the
median ocellus much more strongly raised as a narrow, wedge-shaped
swelling that terminates ventrally between antennal sockets in a high
bladelike carina; median 0.5 of clypeal margin straight; mandible of
moderate size, weakly twisted toward its apex, evenly tapered from
base to a narrow apex, its outer face rather convex and sparsely
punctate, its lower tooth very small and upper tooth of moderate
size; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs basally and medially;
front spur of hind tibia 1.9 as long as wide; punctures of second tergite
small, rather weak, medially very sparse or absent, the sublateral
ones separated by about 1.7 their diameter.
Black: Face, lower lateral part of frons, large triangular spot at
top of eye, cheek, lower 0.65 of temple, clypeus, mouth parts, front
of scape, pronotum except anterodorsally, propleurum, tegula, sub-
tegular ridge, mesosternum, mesopleurum except below subtegular
ridge, metapleurum, front and middle legs, hind coxa, and lateral
part of second through fifth tergites, pale whitish yellow; flagellum
dark brown beneath; scutellum obscurely stramineous at apex; hind
trochanters and femur pale fulvous, the femur pale whitish yellow
4515825918
256 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
apically above; hind tibia and tarsus whitish stramineous, the apical
0.28 of the tibia dark brown and apical half of fifth tarsal segment
brown.
Type: o', bred from Heterarthrus nemoratus, Jimpond, Maine,
June 2, 1937 (Washington, USNM 63676). ,
49. Exochus pleuralis Cresson
Fieures 190,0; 196,¢
Exochus pleuralis Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 286; o.
Type: o’, Illinois (Philadelphia).
Exochus pallipes Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 287; ¢&
(new synonymy). Type: a, Illinois (Philadelphia).
Exochus evectus Cresson, 1872, Trans Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 168; 9. Type:
2 , Bosque Co., Tex. (Washington).
Exochus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 3, p. 213
(emendation).
Front wing 3.2 to 4.5 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about
1.03 as high as wide in male, about 0.97 as high as wide in female,
their convexity stronger in a vertical direction than horizontally,
especially in female; apical angle of interantennal process about 82
degrees; median area of frons rather strongly raised and differentiated ;
median 0.5 of clypeal margin approximately straight; mandible of
moderate size, not twisted, tapered evenly but rather weakly from
its condyles to a moderately wide apex, its lower tooth small and
upper tooth large, its outer face rather convex and with a few small
punctures; second lateral area of propodeum with hairs apicolaterally ;
punctures of second abdominal tergite of moderate size and sharpness,
very sparse or absent medially, the sublateral ones separated by about
1.4 their diameter; front spur of hind tibia about 2.7 as long as wide
in male, about 2.8 as long as wide in female; male clasper of moderate
size and hairiness, its apex rounded, a little oblique.
Ficure 155.—Localities fo1
Exochus pleuralis.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 257
Male: Black. Face, lower half of frontal orbit, large triangular spot
at top of eye, cheek, adjacent temple, clypeus, mouth parts, scape in
front, propleurum except sometimes above, upper margin of pro-
notum (very widely behind, tapering forward and ending near notaulus
or in front of epomia), tegula, and subtegular ridge, pale yellow;
flagellum brown below, blackish brown above; pronotum mostly ful-
vous, pale yellow above and with some yellowish tinges elsewhere,
black anterodorsally; mesosternum, mesopleurum largely or entirely
except under subtegular ridge and sometimes above its coxa, meta-
pleurum largely or entirely, and usually more or less of metasternum,
pale yellow, fulvous in various proportions; scutellum sometimes ful-
vous, more or less yellow at apex; postscutellum usually yellow;
propodeum sometimes yellowish or fulvous laterally and apically;
front and middle legs pale yellow, the basal 0.7 of their femora (es-
pecially behind) and apical 0.5 of their tibiae pale fulvous; hind coxa
fulvous, partly vellowish apically; hind trochanters pale fulvous; hind
femur fulvous, the apex often more or less pale yellowish above; hind
tibia pale yellow, brown or brownish fulvous apically, the apical dark
marks occupying about 0.25 its length dorsally, extending about 0.65
its length and becoming paler on the lateral and ventral sides; hind
tarsus whitish, the apex of the first through fourth segments and the
fifth segment except at its base, stramineous to light brown; tergites
entirely black or the basal four or five tergites more or less extensively
stramineous on their lateroapical corners and less frequently and
more narrowly stramineous along their lateral and apical edges.
Female: Black. Face, lower 0.4+ of frontal orbit, large triangular
spot at top of eye, cheek, adjacent temple, clypeus, mouth parts,
scape in front, large hind corner of pronotum, tegula, subtegular
ridge, often narrow apex of scutellum, and often narrow line on post-
scutellum, pale yellow; flagellum blackish brown above, brown below;
scutellum often more or less fulvous; pleura fulvous next to each coxal
attachment; front and middle coxae fulvous, pale yellowish apically;
front and middle trochanters and femora fulvous, the apical 0.3+ of
the femora pale yellowish; front and middle tibiae and tarsi pale yel-
lowish, the tarsi and apical 0.5+ of the tibiae tinged with fulvous;
hind coxa, trochanters, and femur fulvous; hind tibia pale yellowish,
its apical 0.33-+ brownish fulvous, laterally and ventrally the darker
apical coloration extending basad to near basal 0.3 of tibia and fading
to pale fulvous; hind tarsus whitish, the apex of first through fourth
segments and fifth segment except basally, stramineous. Sometimes
the face has poorly defined brownish lines and/or spots.
Specimens (470', 262): From Arizona (near Alpine); Colorado
(Florissant, Indian Meadows on the La Poudre River, and Rocky
Ford) ; Connecticut (East River) ; Illinois (Decatur) ; Kansas (Onaga) ;
258 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Manitoba (Riding Mt. Park); Maryland (Takoma Park); Massachu-
setts (Dedham and Woods Hole); New Jersey (Moorestown); New
York (Farmingdale, Orchard Park, and Oswego); Ohio (Barberton,
Delaware Co., and Wayne Co.); Rhode Island (Westerly); South
Dakota (Harney Peak); Texas (Bosque Co.); Utah (Logan, North
Logan, Providence, and “River Heights’); Wyoming (mountains
near Sheridan); and Yukon (Canyon Creek).
Most of the collection dates are from June 17 to the end of August.
Dates outside of this range are: April 25 at Takoma Park, Md.; May
24, 25, and 29 near Alpine, Ariz.; June 2 in Delaware Co., Ohio; June
3 in Riding Mt. Park, Man.; June 4 without locality; June 12 at
Decatur, Ill.; and September 1 and 3 at Westerly, R. I.
The species has been reared from Ancylis comptana in Colorado
(Rocky Ford); Ohio (Wayne Co.); and Utah (North Logan, Provi-
dence, and River Heights). Other rearings are: 3<7, from cinquefoil
(Potentilla) leaf roller, Wayne Co., Ohio, June 18, 1944; o&, from
Anacampsis agrimoniella, Decatur, Ill., June 12, 1918, Barnes; <o,
from larva on Populus, Dedham, Mass.; and 9, from ‘‘Peronea” on
Viburnum, East River, Conn., July 10, 1912, C. R. Ely.
This species ranges from the Atlantic west to Arizona and Utah,
mostly in the upper Austral zone. Adults occur from late spring
through the summer.
50. Exochus mesodon, new species
Fiaures 190,p; 196,d
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 3.9 to 4.6 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
about 0.89 as high as wide, moderately convex in vertical plane, broad
and rather weakly convex in horizontal plane; apical angle of inter-
antennal process about 80 degrees; median area of frons rather strongly
raised and differentiated; median 0.5 of apical margin of clypeus
faintly concave; mandible very large, twisted, its apical part rotated
from plane of its condyles by about 60 degrees (placing the lower
tooth nearer mouth), a little tapered from its base to the base of its
teeth, its outer face moderately convex and with a few coarse punc-
tures, its lower tooth very short, its upper tooth big and long; second
lateral area of propodeum with a few hairs basally and in its apico-
lateral corner; front spur of hind tibia about 2.9 as long as wide; punc-
tures of second tergite of moderate size and sharpness, very sparse or
absent medially, the sublateral punctures separated by about 1.5
their diameter.
Black. Face, lower 0.6 of frontal orbit, triangular spot at top of
eye, cheek, adjacent temple, clypeus, mouth parts, front of scape, large
hind corner of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, sometimes area in
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 259
upper part of prepectus, and often tinges or definite marks on side and
apex of scutellum and on postscutellum, pale yellow; flagellum dark
brown beneath; sometimes lower part of propleurum and some or
most of mesopleurum and metapleurum fulvoferruginous; front and
middle legs pale yellow, their coxae basally, femora except apically,
and apical 0.5+ of tibiae fulvous; hind coxa, trochanters, and femur
fulvous, the coxa apically and the femur at apex above, pale yellowish;
hind tibia whitish, its apical 0.3-+ fuscous; hind tarsus white, the
apical half of its fifth segment brownish.
Ficures 156, 157.—Localities: 156 (left), Exochus mesodon; 157 (right), E. megadon.
Type: 9, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1936, H. Townes (Wash-
ington, USNM 63677).
Paratypes: 2, Voluntown, Conn., Aug. 29, 1951, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). 9, Shokan, N. Y., July 11, 1936, H. Townes (Townes).
2, Westerly, R. I., July 8, 1936, M. Chapman (Townes).
51. Exochus megadon, new species
Ficeures 190,q; 196,e
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 5.3 to 5.8 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
about 0.77 as high as wide, their convexity weak in horizontal plane,
moderately convex in vertical plane but somewhat flattened below;
apical angle of interantennal process about 70 degrees; median area
of frons rather strongly raised and differentiated; apical margin of
clypeus broadly concave; mandible exceptionally large and long,
twisted, its apical third rotated about 60 degrees from plane of its
condyles (thus placing lower tooth nearer mouth), its shape apparently
very narrow from facial view (due to twisting) but actually quite
wide, its outer face with rather coarse punctures basally, its lower
tooth short, its upper tooth very large; second lateral area of propo-
260 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
deum with a few hairs basally and in its apicolateral corner; front spur
of hind tibia about 2.8 as long as wide; punctures of second tergite of
moderate size, sharp, medially very sparse or absent, the sublateral
punctures separated by about 1.5 their diameter.
Black. Face, lower 0.6+ of temporal orbit, large triangular spot at
top of eye, cheek, adjacent temple, clypeus, mouth parts, front of
scape, upper margin of pronotum (wide posteriorly, tapered forward
to reach epomia), tegula, subtegular ridge, spot or area in upper part
of prepectus, and usually narrow side and apex of scutellum and narrow
line on postscutellum, ivory; flagellum brown beneath; thoracic pleura
and sterna more or less fulvous, usually entirely fulvous on lower half
of propleurum, mesosternum, metasternum, mesopleurum and
metapleurum except at sternaulus and below subtegular ridge; front
and middle legs fulvous, their coxae and femora apically, tinges on
trochanters, basal 0.5+ of tibiae, and tarsi basally, whitish; hind coxa,
trochanters, and femur fulvous, the coxa paler apically; hind tibia
whitish, its apical 0.35-+ fuscous; hind tarsus white, the apical half
of its fifth segment brown.
Type: 9, Morristown, N. J., July 14, 1926 (Washington, USNM
63678).
Paratypes: 9, Steamboat Springs, Colo., Aug. 6, 1948, H., M., G.,
D., and J. Townes (Townes). 9, Delta Co., Mich., July 2, 1955,
R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach). 9, Gratiot Co., Mich., Aug. 24, 1946,
R. R. Driesbach (Driesbach). 9, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 15, 1938,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Westerly, R. I., Aug. 10, 1946, M.
Townes (Townes).
This species occurs from the Atlantic to Colorado, in the Transition
zone.
52. Exochus ventricosus, new species
Figures 190,s; 196,f
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 3.7 to 4.0 mm. long; combined face and clypeus
about 0.87 as high as wide, strongly convex and bulging at and below
the middle, almost flat above the middle; apical angle of interantennal
process about 75 degrees; median area of frons rather strongly raised
and differentiated; median 0.5 of clypeal margin faintly concave;
mandible rather long, moderately wide, not twisted, weakly tapered
from its condyles to base of its teeth then strongly constricted, its lower
tooth very short and broad, its upper tooth long, its outer face with
a few small punctures; second lateral area of propodeum with a few
hairs in extreme base and apicolaterally; front spur of hind tibia
about 3.0 as long as wide; punctures of second tergite of moderate .
size, sharp, medially absent, the sublateral punctures separated by
about 1.5 their diameter.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 261
Figures 158, 159.—Localities: 158 (left), Exochus ventricosus; 159 (right), E. silus.
Black. Face, lower 0.45+ of frontal orbit, large triangular spot at
top of eye, cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, front of scape, large hind
corner of pronotum, tegula, and subtegular ridge, white; flagellum dark
brown beneath; postscutellum and apex of scutellum with a narrow,
obscure pale line; mesopleurum and metapleurum sometimes mostly
fulvous; front and middle legs white, their coxae basally, basal 0.7 +
of femora, and apical 0.4+ of tibiae pale fulvous; hind coxa, tro-
chanters, and femur fulvous, the femur white apically above; hind
tibia white, its apical 0.28+ fuscous; hind tarsus white, the apical
half of its fifth segment fuscous.
Type: 9, Westerly, R. I., July 10, 1936, M. Chapman (Washington,
USNM 63679).
Paratype: ?, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 10, 1938, H. and M. Townes
(Townes).
53. Exochus silus, new species
Figures 190,t; 196,¢
Front wing 4.0 to 5.0 mm. long; combined face and clypeus about 0.92
as high as wide in male, about 0.80 as high as wide in female, in the
male strongly convex below middle and weakly convex above middle,
in female very strongly convex below middle and flat at and above
middle; median area of frons very strongly and sharply elevated and
differentiated; apical angle of interantennal process about 60 degrees;
median half of clypeal margin approximately straight; mandible
of moderate size, not or faintly twisted, moderately tapered from its
base to the base of its teeth, its outer face with a few punctures; second
lateral area of propodeum with a few hairs at extreme base and in
lateroapical corner; punctures on second tergite small and sharp,
absent medially, the sublateral punctures separated by about 1.4
their diameter.
262 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Black. Face, rather small triangular spot at top of eye, cheek,
mouth parts, spot on front of scape, large hind corner of pronotum,
tegula, subtegular ridge, apex of scutellum, and postscutellum, pale
yellowish, the face of female with a median subdorsal vertical stripe
or elongate brown spot; flagellum dark brown beneath; front and
middle legs fulvous, their coxae apically (especially in male) and male
femora apically, paler fulvous or yellowish; hind coxa, trochanters,
and femur fulvous; hind tibia fulvous, brownish at extreme base and
in male with a subbasal yellow tinge; hind tarsus fulvous stramineous,
the apex of first through fourth segments and fifth segment except
basally, fulvous.
Type: 9, “River Heights,’ Utah, July 12, 1935, C. F. Smith
(Washington, USNM 63680).
Paratypes: 2, Moscow Mt., Idaho, Aug. 4, 1936, Shull and Coon
(Washington). o, near Glacier Point, Yosemite National Park,
Calif., July 19, 1948, H., M., G., D., and J. Townes (Townes).
XI. MANDIBULARIS GROUP
Front wing 3.7 to 7.0 mm. long; head rather broad, with full temple
and rather wide face that is weakly convex transversely and moder-
ately convex in profile; interantennal process of face broadly trian-
gular, not elongate; frons bulging just below the ocelli; cheek about
0.65 as long as basal width of mandible; occipital carina absent;
clypeal margin strongly convex or subangulate medially; mandible of
male normal for the genus, of female with a strong transverse sub-
basal groove, immediately apicad of which the mandible is strongly
inflated; face, more or less of side of frons, spot at top of eye (often
connected with frontal mark), lower part of temple, cheek, clypeus,
and mouth parts yellow to white, the face sometimes with a median
dark area; notaulus sharply impressed but very short; metapleurum
without discal setae; costula present or absent; second lateral area of
propodeum often with a very few hairs in its apicolateral corner, other-
wise bare; apical transverse carina of propodeum complete; nervulus
beyond the basal vein by about 0.6 its length; front spur of middle
tibia about 0.5 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus
about 1.5 as long as wide in male, about 1.2 as long as wide in female;
hind tibia yellow or whitish, usually fuscous at base and apex; first
tergite 1.55 to 2.5 as long as it is wide at basal corners; second tergite
about 0.7 to 1.2 as long as wide, with small sharp punctures, very
sparse medially, sublaterally with interspaces about 2.5 their diameter;
epipleurum of third tergite oblong, broad, with a broadly rounded
inner front corner.
This group is a specialized offshoot of the tibialis group, distinguish-
able on the convex clypeal margin and the specialized mandible of
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 263
the female. It contains three known species, the two treated below
and Exochus citripes Thomson 1887, of Europe.
54. Exochus decoratus Holmgren
Figures 188,k; 190,r,u
Front wing 4.4 to 7.0 mm. long; costula almost absent to complete;
second lateral area of propodeum about 0.92 as long as wide; second
tergite about 0.8 as long as wide, with about 400 hairs.
Coloration variable, according to the subspecies. The two Nearc-
tic subspecies may be distinguished superficially from the closely re-
lated E. mandibularis by the fact that their mesopleurum is largely
or entirely pale, rather than black with the subtegular ridge and a
spot on the prepectus ivory. The European subspecies is colored
rather like #. mandibularis.
The three subspecies are distinguished by the following key:
1. Mesopleurum black, part of the prepectus and often an adjacent area on
mesopleurum whitish to fulvous; range: Europe and Japan.
54a. decoratus decoratus Holmgren
Mesopleurum mostly or entirely pale. . . 2
2. Hind femur whitish on its apical 0.2 to 0.3 aad ane aaical ae io. a8 done
edge, the rest fulvous; range: Alaska to Arizona.
54b. deeoratus hebes, new subspecies
Hind femur entirely whitish or more or less fulvous on not more than its basal
0.6 (fig. 196,h); range: New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario, south to
Georgial. ins, < syyatape stems Shy . 54c. decoratus scitulus Provancher
54a. Exochus decoratus decoratus Holmgren
Ezxochus decoratus Holmgren, 1873, Ofvers. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Forh.,
vol. 30, p. 64; #. Type: o, Scania, Sweden (?Stockholm).
Male: Not known to the authors.
Female: Front wing 4.4 to 5.38 mm. long; costula complete or in-
complete.
Black. Face, side of frons (narrowed above), spot at top of eye
narrowly connected to mark on side of frons, clypeus, cheek, lower
0.4 of temple, mouth parts, under side of scape and pedicel, lower half
of propleurum, hind corner of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, spot
on prepectus, sometimes a median spot on mesoscutum, scutellum
apically and laterally, postscutellum, front and middle legs, apical
0.2+ of hind femur, and apical part of dorsal edge of hind femur, pale
yellow; flagellum brown beneath; mesopleurum often with a yellow
and fulvous area adjacent to yellow spot on prepectus; front and
middle femora and apex of their tibiae tinged with fulvous; hind tibia
and tarsus whitish, the basal and apical 1.5 of the tibia fuscous and
the apex of the last tarsal segment brownish.
Specimens: Described from a female from Belgium and two females
from Japan.
264 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
54b. Exochus decoratus hebes, new subspecies
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 5.0 to 5.6 mm. long; costula usually complete,
though weak centrally. |
Black. Face, side of frons (narrowed above), spot at top of eye that
may be connected to mark on side of frons, clypeus, cheek, lower 0.4
of temple, mouth parts, under side of scape and pedicel, lower half or
more of propleurum, upper hind part and lower corner of pronotum,
tegula, subtegular ridge, large area on prepectus which is sometimes
prolonged backward on disc of mesopleurum, mesopleurum next to
socket of middle coxa, side and apex of scutellum, postscutellum, front
and middle legs, and apical 0.25+ and apical part of dorsal edge of
hind femur, pale yellow; flagellum brown beneath; side of thorax
except for front part of prothorax, disc of scutellum, often most of
mesoscutum, tinge on front and middle femora, hind coxa and tro-
chanters, and hind femur except as described otherwise, fulvous;
extreme apex of hind femur infuscate; hind tibia whitish, its basal and
apical 0.16-+ fuscous; hind tarsus whitish, its last tarsal segment
brownish apically. In two specimens from Juneau, Alaska, the hind
femur is almost entirely fulvous, with only a very small area of
yellow at the apex above.
This subspecies is intermediate between the Palaearctic subspecies
decoratus and the subspecies scitulus from eastern North America.
Type: 9, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May 7, 1947, H. and M.
Townes (Washington, USNM 63681).
Paratypes: 29, bred from Acleris variana, Juneau, Alaska, Septem-
ber 1953, W. F. Cambridge (Washington). 9, Oak Creek Canyon,
Ariz., May 20, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Canim Lake,
B. C., June 22, 1938, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). 9, Robson, B. C.,
Ficures 160—162.—Localities: 160 (left), Exochus decoratus hebes; 161 (center), £. decoratus
scitulus; 162 (right), E. mandibularis.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 265
Aug. 15 to 31, 1947, H. R. Foxlee (Ottawa). 9, Robson, B. C., Oct. 7,
1938, H. R. Foxlee (Townes). 9, bred from A. variana, Skeena Cross-
ing, B. C., Aug. 3, 1939 (Ottawa). 9, Indian Meadows, La Poudre
River, Colo., Aug. 13, 1952, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach).
This subspecies occurs in the Rocky Mountains and westward, in
the Transition and Canadian zones.
54c. Exochus decoratus scitulus Provancher, new status
Ficures 179,0; 196,h
Exochus scitulus Provancher, 1877, Naturaliste Canadien, vol. 9, p. 15;[9].
Type: 92, Quebee (Quebec).
Front wing 4.4 to 7.0 mm. long; costula usually incomplete.
Black. Face (except for large subcentral rectangular fuscous area
in male), side of frons (narrowed above), connecting spot at top of eye,
clypeus, cheek, lower 0.55+ of temple, mouth parts, scape and
pedicel beneath, scutellum except for a median basal fulvous area,
and postscutellum, pale yellow; ventral, posterior, and upper hind
parts of pronotum, whitish; propleurum except above, tegula, sub-
tegular ridge, most of prepectus and connecting discal area on meso-
pleurum, and mesopleurum next to socket of middle coxa, whitish;
legs whitish, the hind coxa and trochanters and basal 0.6 or less of
hind femur fulvous, basal and apical 0.14+ of hind tibia fuscous,
extreme apex of hind femur and a dorsal apical area on middle tibia of
female infuscate, and apex of last segment of hind tarsus brownish;
upper part of thorax more or less blackish, the rest of thorax fulvous
except where described as pale yellow or whitish.
Specimens (40<, 342): From Connecticut (South Meriden and
Voluntown); Georgia (Black Rock Mt. in Rabun Co. at 3,500 ft.);
Illinois (White Heath); Kansas (Riley Co.); Maine (Augusta, Casco,
Echo Lake on Mount Desert, Orland, and Starks); Maryland (Bowie
and Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Cheshire and North Adams);
Michigan (Midland Co.); Minnesota (Itasca State Park); New
Hampshire (Mount Madison, Randolph, and Mount Washington) ;
New Jersey (Milltown and Moorestown); New York (Cold Spring
Harbor, Farmingdale, Ithaca, Oneonta, and Poughkeepsie); North
Carolina (Crabtree Meadows in Yancey Co. at 3,600 ft. and Mount
Pisgah at 4,800 to 5,300 ft.); Nova Scotia (Jaffrey and Kings Co.);
Ontario (Lisle); Pennsylvania (Valley Forge and Spring Brook);
Quebec (Georgeville and Stoneham); and Rhode Island (Westerly).
Most collection dates are from mid-June to mid-August. Those
outside of this range are: ‘‘May 20 to 25” on Black Mt. at 3,500 ft.,
Rabun Co., Ga.; June 2 at Ithaca, N. Y.; June 6 at Moorestown,
N. J.; June 7 at Jaffrey, N. S.; June 8 at Westerly, R. I.; August 24
266 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
at Oneonta, N. Y.; August 25 at Crabtree Meadows, 3,600 ft., Yancey
Co., N. C.; August 27 at White Heath, Ill.; and “Sept.” in Itasca
State Park, Minn.
Reared specimens are as follows: 207, from Acleris variana, Lisle,
Ont., July 25 and 26, 1938; &, from Argyrotaenia on Abies, emerged
May 1, 1951; and Q, from tortricid on Abies, Starks, Maine, collected
July 15, 1946, emerged Aug. 22, 1946.
We have collected the subspecies only in the undergrowth of moist
woods. When captured, specimens give off a strong odor like species
of Coccygomimus.
This subspecies is in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas, in
moist woods. Adults occur through the summer.
55. Exochus mandibularis Cushman
FicureE 196,i
Exrochus mandibularis Cushman, 1922. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 61, art. 8,
p. 13; “#?”’=9. Type: @, Alpine Region of Mount Washington, N. H.
(Washington).
Male: Unknown.
Female: Front wing 3.7 to 3.9 mm. long; costula incomplete;
second lateral area of propodeum about 1.55 as long as wide; second
tergite about 0.9 as long as wide, with about 100 to 150 hairs.
Black. Face, side of frons (narrowed above), large spot at top of
eye, clypeus, cheek, lower 0.3 of temple, mouth parts, under side of
scape and pedicel, hind corner of pronotum, tegula, spot on pre-
pectus, apex and side of scutellum, front and middle legs, apical
0.2 and apical part of upper edge of hind femur, hind tibia except at
base and apex, and hind tarsus except at apex, whitish or ivory; disc
and basal part of scutellum black to ferruginous; postscutellum
ferruginous to ivory; mesosterum sometimes ferruginous ; metapleurum
ferruginous, paler posteriorly; basal and apical 0.12 of hind tibia
fuscous; apical half of last segment of hind tarsus brown; hind leg
fulvous except as described otherwise.
Specimens: 49, Isle Royale, Mich., Aug. 3 to 7, 1936, C. W. Sabrosky
(Washington and Townes). @ (type), Alpine Region of Mount
Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (Washington). 9, Randolph, N. H.,
July 4, 1946, J. Peck and M. Townes (Townes).
XII. SPECIES INQUIRENDA
56. Exochus albiceps Walsh
Exochus albiceps Walsh, 1873, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 3, p. 96; #@. Type:
o', ? Illinois (destroyed in Chicago fire of 1871).
This species is known only from its original description, which was
drawn from a very small species with areolated propodeum, of the
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 267
general coloration of Hxochus atriceps atriceps and of E. russeus. It
does not agree with any of the specimens at hand. Possibly future
collectors will find the species again. The original description is
reproduced below.
““ '.—Differs from the above [Exochus atriceps atriceps| only as follows: 1. The
head is white, except a black spot just enclosing the ocelli and a large lunate black
spot on the occiput, medially confluent with the other one by a short space. Face,
except the orbits, tinged with rufous. 2. The Ist. joint of the flagellum is only
twice as long as wide, the 2nd. only }4 longer than wide, and the following joints
square. 3. The thorax is glabrous and polished, and the carinae on the meta-
thorax are all distinct as in [Ezochus] albifrons. The white markings are rufescent
and less distinct, and the only black markings are a short line inside origin of the
front wing, an indistinct vitta on the dise of the lateral lobe of the mesonotum,
and a large spot at the tip of its middle lobe. 4. The first joint of the abdomen is
immaculate, 4% longer than wide, and twice as wide behind as before, its 2 carinae
reaching half way to the tip. An obtrigonate, dorsal spot at the tip of joint 5
and the whole of 6-8, black. 5. The legs are all dull luteous, with an abbreviated,
exterior vitta on each femur, and an unabbreviated one on each tibia. Length @
18inch. Front wing @ .15 inch.
“One o'; 2 unknown to me. Distinct from all Mr. Cresson’s species by its
rufous abdomen, etc.”
268 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
fj
if
4 y
q
1
Q
%
i 2%
4
4
G
iy
Lf
Gy
fj
i
[jf
fy
i
™M MacKay
|
Figure 163.—Habitus of two typical Metopiinae: a, Chorinaeus excessorius, 2; b, Exochus
nigripalpis tectulum, °.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 269
Ficure 164.—a, Pseudometopius hagenii, 2, genotype of Pseudometopius; b, Aceraiaspis
clavata, 2, genotype of Acerataspis.
270 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Figure 165.—a, Chorinaeus funebris, 9, genotype of Chorinaeus; b, Trieces texanus, 9,
genotype of Trieces.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Die
— = ea SS
Wo
> 5 Y 7)
Figure 166.—a, Hemimetopius, sp., 9; b, Metopius (Peltocarus) dentatus, 2, genotype of
M. (Peltocarus).
451582—39—_19
De U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
ae % Si NG i ep jp
ea” %, & pi ZA 2 Ls
Saas 2) SP
Ce
Ficure 167.—a, Metopius (Metopius) mimicus, 9, a typical species of M. (Metopius); b,
M. (Peltales) errantius, 9, genotype of M. (Peltales).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Die
. SS, \ fo
b YW ae . nae
Ficure 168.—a, Metopius (Cultrarius) ultimatus, Q, a typical species of M. (Culirarius);
b, M. (C.) rileyi, 9, genotype of M. (Cultrarius).
274 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
pea ‘ we
BPH ” eg a
Ficure 169.—a, Metopius (Tylopius) pinatorius, 9, genotype of M. (Tylopius); b, M.
(Ceratopius) dissectorius, 2, genotype of M. (Ceratopius).
275
METOPIINAE
LP
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA:
7
typ
Trichistus podagricus, 2, geno
Figure 170.—a,
eof Triclistus; b, a typical species of
OF
Cubus,
276 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
<a La
J
Ficure 171.—a, Colpotrochia elegans, 9, genotype of Colpotrochia; b, Spudaeus scaber, 2,
genotype of Spudaeus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Die
Figure 172.—a, Periope hoerhammeri, o', genotype of the synonym Monoplectrochus; b,
P. auscultator, 9, genotype of Periope.
278 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 173.—a, A Species of Drepanoctonus, 2; b, Leurus caeruliventris, 9, genotype of
Leurus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 279
Ficure 174.—a, Seticornuta terminalis, 2, representative of Seticornuta; b, Carria dreis-
bachi, 9, representative of Carria.
280 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
F953
b ts ; v
Ficure 175,—a, Macromalon montanum, 9, genotype of Macromalon; b, Synosis clepsydra,
9, genotype of Synosis.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 981
Ficure 176.—a, Hypsicera femoralis, 2, genotype of Hypsicera; b, Bothromus minoris,@ ,
genotype of Bothromus.
282 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 177.—a, Stethoncus arcticus,?, genotype of Stethoncus; b, Exochus gravipes,?,
genotype of Exochus.
a,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE
Ficure 178.—Heads: al, species of Chorinaeus, 2 ; m—o, species of Trieces, 2 :
C. longicalar pleturus
C. longicalar pleturus
C. aequalis
C. excessorius
C. californicus
C. opacitas
C. constrictus
C. funebris carinatus
DE TDS
i, C. funebris divisus
j, C. recurous
k, C. labtosus
1, C. emorsus
m, T. costatus
n, T. flavifrons
o, IT. teres
283
284 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
ae IN
le ®
6 _—s)
i
Ficure 179.—Heads: a-e, species of Trieces, 2 ; f, species of Seticornuta, 2 ; g-o, species of
Exochus, 2 (except where noted):
E. flavifrontalis, S
a, T. tegularis
i,
b, T. sapineus sapineus j, E. nigripalpis tectulum
c, T. sapineus litus k, E. externus
d, T. aquilus l, E. capnodes,S'
e, T. onttis n, EL. signifer
f, S. terminalis , E. transversus
g, E. pictus xanthopsis , £. decoratus scitulus, 3
h, £. litus
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 285
®
Ain
ee =
Ficure 180.—Metapleura of species of Trieces, 2 :
a, masont d, tegularis g, Sapineus sapineus
b, costatus e, teres h, texanus
c, flavifrons f, densus
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 181.—Metapleura of species of Trieces, 2 (except where noted):
a, ejectus,o d, fusus g, marlatti
b, walleyi e, aquilus h, bradleyt
¢, integer
f, sparsus
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 287
Figure 182.—a-d, Metapleura of species of Trieces, 9 ; eh, heads of species of Hypsicera,
Q ; i, j, mandibles of species of Carria, 2:
a, T. ciliosus f, H. curvator
b, T. calvatus g, H. fulviceps
c, T. dentatus h, H. cuneata opaca
d, T. arcuatus i, C. dreisbachi dretsbachi
e, H. femoralis j, C. inculcata
451582—59—20
288 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 183.—Abdomens of species of Metopius, 2:
a, robustus concinnus e, krombeint epixanthus
b, robustus mirandus f, krombeini krombeini
c, robustus robustus g, pulchellus montanus
d, mimicus h, pulchellus sonora
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 289
Ficure 184.—Abdomens of species of Metopius, 9 :
a, pulchellus pulchellus e, scapulatus
b, galbaneus f, xanthostigma
c, vittatus g, consector
d, comptus h, ultimatus
290 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 185.—Abdomens of species of Metopius, 9 :
a, birkmani
b, secundus
c, rileyt
e, errantius floridanus
f. errantius arizonicus
g, errantius californicus
d, errantius errantius h, notatus
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 291
Ave!
aR er
[PURE RN
eins the ldey®
b rh } os
PETS \Y PTA
Biperbrbih Mayne
FE? 1, \
A ith hh r rath
ATASESEIF) TAT ERA
Barts hin eres
gamit rane
Ar tect t ih
Vy VAN Abt
cw fg
Ficure 186.
Abdomens: a-e, species of Metopius, 9 , showing color pattern; f-h, species of
Triclistus, 9 , showing hair arrangement:
a, M. pollinctorius pollinctorius e, M. basalis heinrichi
b, M. pollinctorius nevadensis, var. f, T. emarginalus
c, M. bellus g, T. chosts
d, M. edwardsii h, T. pallipes
292 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 187.—Species of Triclistus, 9 : a-k, propodea; 1, head, showing hair arrangement
on temple.
a, crassus e, rectus i, chosis
b, brunnipes f, evexus j, pallipes
c, emarginalus g, adustus k, melanocephalus
d, occidentis h, propinquus 1, chosis
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA:
Aas
Ay Phy
Je ditt
py
Tiny
1. METOPIINAE 293
Ficure 188.—Species of Exochus, 2 : a-k, propodea, showing carinae and hair arrangement;
a, stenostoma
b, mitratus orias
c, pictus xanthopsis
d, russeus
1, mandible.
e, enodts
f, montivagus
g, flavifrontalis
h, atriceps atriceps
i, ?sulcatus
j, albifrons
k, decoratus scitulus
1, stenostoma
294 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
J
Ficure 189.—Mandibles of species of Exochus, 9 (except as noted):
a, mitratus orias h, annulicrus 0, armillosus
b, pictus xanthopsis i, evetriae Pp, brutus
Cc, gravipes j, hiulcus q, virgatifrons
d, montivagus k, nigripalpis tectulum r, ferrugineus
e, flavifrontalis 1, tenebrosus s, mesorufus
f, atriceps atriceps m, albifrons t, genualis,S'
g, tsulcatus n, rutilatus u, perontiae
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 295
5
Ficure 190.—Mandibles of species of Exochus, ? lexcept as noted):
a, cnemidotus h, dorsalis dorsalis 0, pleuralis
b, externus i, fastigatus p, mesodon
c, capnodes, oF j, canidens q, megadon
d, signifer k, denotatus r, decoratus scitulus, &'
e, transversus 1, ostentatus S, ventricosus
f, postfurcalis m, guadradens t, silus
g, spilotus n, cuneatus, u, decoratus scitulus
296 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Z
Figure 191.—Left hind legs of species of Exochus, Q :
a, stenostoma d, pictus xanthopsis g, bryanti
b, mitratus orias e, russeus h, semirufus
c, turgidus f, enodis i, elimatus
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA:
ule
METOPIINAE
297
Ficure 192.—Left hind legs of species of Exochus, 9 (except where noted):
a, gravipes
b, litus
c, pullatus
d, washingtonensis
e, montivagus
f, ochreatus, S
g, spinalis
h, flavifrontalis
i, dentifrons
j, atriceps atriceps
298 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
1
Ficure 193.—Left hind legs of species of Exochus, 9 :
a, ?sulcatus d, hiulcus g, albifrons
b, annulicrus e, nigripalpis tectulum h, rutilatus
c, evetriae f, tenebrosus i, armillosus
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 299
Ficure 194.—Left hind legs of species of Exochus, 2 (except where noted):
a, brutus d, mesorufus g, cnemidotus
b, virgatifrons e, genualis h, externus
c, ferrugineus f, peroniae i, capnodes, &’
300 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
d
Ficure 195.—Left hind legs of species of Exochus, 9 :
a, signifer d, spilotus g, canidens
b, transversus e, dorsalis dorsalis h, denotatus
c. postfurcalis f, fastigatus i, ostentatus
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 301
:
Ficure 196.—Left hind legs of species of Exochus, 9 (except where noted):
a, quadradens d, mesodon g, silus
b, cuneatus, o e, megadon h, decoratus scitulus
c, pleuralis f, ventricosus i, mandibularis
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Index
(Page numbers of principal entries are in ?falies.
see page 316.
For index of hosts,
Nore: Second generic name appearing after species
entry indicates previous taxonomic position of the form.)
A
Acerataspis, 4, 6 (key), 11, 269 (fig.)
clavata, 11, 269 (fig.)
fusiformis, 11
adustus, Triclistus, 108, 109 (key), 119,
292 (fig.)
aequalis (Chorinaeus), 13 (key),
(key), 21, 283 (fig.)
aethiops, Periope, Tryphon, 137
affinis, Exochus mitratus, 181
Aithris, 128
coenutus, 128
albicalear, Seticornuta, 150
albiceps, Exochus, 172, 266
albicinctus, Exochus, 191
albifrons, Exochus, 172, 174, 177 (key),
221, 222; and 293, 294, 298 (figs.)
albopilosa, Seticornuta, Megatrema, 150
Alecocerus, 128
trifasciatus, 128
Alomya, 4, 60, 128
petiolaris, 128
alpinus, Exochus, 204, 212
Amesolytus, 170, 230, 247
ferrugineus, 170, 176 (key), 230,
231, 294 and 299 (figs.)
pictus, 247
Ancistrocerus, 71
annulicrus, Exochus, 175 (key), 196, 212,
213, 294 and 298 (figs.)
apicalis, Seticornuta, Exochus,
(key), 152, 153
aquilus, Trieces, 36 (key), 50, 284 and
286 (figs.)
arakawai, Metopius (Ceratopius), 97
arcticus, Stethoncus, 167, 168, 282 (fig.)
arcuatus, Trieces, 35 (key), 56, 287 (fig.)
arizonicus, Metopius (Peltales) erran-
tius, 93 (key), 94, 95, 290 (fig.)
451582—59——21
14
151
armillosus, Exochus, 175 (key), 226, 227,
294 and 298 (figs.)
atriceps, Exochus, 172, 174 (key), 208
atriceps atriceps, Exochus, 208 (key),
209; and 293, 294, 297 (figs.)
atriceps atricorpus, Exochus, 208 (key)
atriceps species group, Exochus, 174
(key), 207
atricorpus, Exochus atriceps, 208 (key)
atrocoxalis, Exochus mitratus, 181 (key),
182
auscultator, Periope, 136, 137, 277 (fig.)
australis, Exochus mitratus, 181
B
baibarensis, Metopius (Ceratopius), 106
basalis, Metopius (Tylopius), 97 (key),
104, 105
basalis basalis, Metopius (Tylopius), 104
(key), 105
basalis heinrichi, Metopius (Tylopius),
104 (key), 291 (fig.)
bellus, Metopius (Tylopius), 98 (key),
102, 291 (fig.)
bifasciatus, Drepanoctonus, Orthocen-
trus, 146
birkmani, Metopius (Cultrarius), 75
(key), 86, 88, 90, 290 (fig.)
borealis, Leurus caeruliventris, 145
(key), 149
Bothromus—8 (key), 142, 281 (fig.)
gibbus, 143 (key), 145
minoris, 143 (key), 281 (fig.)
minoris cruralis, 143 (key), 144
minoris minoris, 143 (key), 144
bradleyi, Trieces, 36 (key), 52, 286 (fig.)
browni, Metopius, 63
brunnipes, ‘Triclistus, Exochus, 108
(key), 109 (key), 111, 112, 292
(fig.)
303
304
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
brutus, Exochus, 176 (key), 228, 294, | Chorinaeus—Continued
and 299 (figs.)
bryanti, Exochus, 173 (key), 191, 296
(fig.)
C
caeruliventris, Leurus,
148, 278 (fig.)
caeruliventris borealis,
(key), 149
caeruliventris caeruliventris, Leurus, 148
(key)
californica, Carria dreisbachi, 155 (key),
157
californicus, Chorinaeus, 13 (key), 14
(key), 28, 24, 283 (fig.)
californicus, Metopius (Peltales) erran-
tius, 75, 93 (key), 95, 290 (fig.)
calvatus, Trieces, 34 (key), 54, 287 (fig.)
canidens, Exochus, 178 (key), 249, 250,
295, and 300 (figs.)
capnodes, Exochus, 177 (key) ; 237, 239;
and 284, 295, 299 (figs.)
carinatus, Chorinaeus funebris,
phon, 12, 72 (key), 28, 283 (fig.)
cariniger, Polyrhabdus, 12, 28
carolina, Ischyrocnemis, 129
Carria, 7 (key), 154, and 279, 287 (figs.)
dreisbachi, 154 (key), 155, 279 (fig.)
dreisbachi californica, 155 (key),
157
dreisbachi dreisbachi, 155 (key),
156, 287 (fig.)
dreisbachi montana, 155 (key), 156
inculeata, 154 (key), 157, 158, 287
(fig.)
paradoxa, 154
Catocentrus, 3
Centeterus, 4
Cerataspis, 11
clavata, 11
Ceratopius, 61 (key), 106, 274 (fig.)
baibarensis, 106
dissectorius, 106
dissectorius lar, 106
dissectorius pieli, 106
dissectorius trifasciatus, 106
metallicus, 106
Chorinaeus—4, 6, 7 (key), 12, 13
aequalis, 13 (key), 14 (key), 21,
283 (fig.)
californicus, 13 (key), 14 (key), 23,
24, 288 (fig.)
Exochus, 147,
Leurus, 148
Try-|
constrictus, 14 (key), 15 (key), 24,
26, 27, 283 (fig.)
costatus, 38
cristator, 23
emorsus, 13, 14 (key), 32, 33, 288
(fig.)
excessorius, 13 (key), 14 (key), 22,
268 and 283 (figs.)
flavifrons, 39
funebris, 12, 13, 14 (key), 15 (key),
26, 27, 30, 270 (fig.)
funebris carinatus, 12, 27 (key), 28,
283 (figs.)
funebris clarus, 27 (key), 30
funebris divisus, 27 (key), 30, 31,
283 (fig.)
funebris funebris, 27 (key), 30
labiosus, 138, 14 (key), 32, 283 (fig.)
longicalear, 138 (key), 14 (key), 14,
16
longicalear flavicrus, 16 (key), 19,
20
longicalear longicalcar,
16
longicalear pleturus, 15 (key), 16,
17, 283 (fig.)
longicalecar suralis, 16 (key), 20
longicalear talaris, 16 (key), 18, 20
marlatti, 51
onitis, 58
opacitas, 14 (key), 24, 283 (fig.)
pulchripes, 137
pusillus, 38
recurvus, 14 (key), 27, 31, 32, 283
(fig.)
chosis, Triclistus, 108, 109 (key), 121,
122, 291, and 292 (figs.)
ciliosus, Trieces, 86 (key), 52, 53, 287
(fig.)
citripes, Exochus, 263
clarus, Chorinaeus funebris, 27 (key),
30
clavata, Acerataspis, Cerataspis, 11, 269
(fig.)
Clemontia, 61, 62
micratorius, 61, 62, 97
clepysdra, Synosis, 169, 170, 280 (fig.)
enemidotus, Exochus, 176 (key), 237,
295 and 299 (figs.)
coenutus, Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia),
Aithris, 128
Colpognathus, 4
15 (key),
INDEX
Colpotrochia, 4, 6, 7 (key), 127
(Colpotrochia) coenutus, 128
(Colpotrochia) concinnus, 129
(Colpotrochia) crassipes, 5, 129
(key), 130, 131
(Colpotrochia) elegantulus, 128
(Scallama) fasciatus, 128
(Seallama) flavus, 128
(Colpotrochia) fultoni, 129 (key),
132, 133
(Scallama) kurisuei, 128
(Colpotrochia) mexicana, 128, 132
(Colpotrochia) nipponensis, 132
(Seallama) orientalis, 128
(Scallama) petiolaris, 128
(Colpotrochia) pilosa, 128, 1382
(Colpotrochia) texana, 128,
(key), 130
(Colpotrochia) trifasciata, 128, 129
(key), 132, 133
(Scallama) trilineata, 128
Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia,) 127 (key),
128, 276 (fig.)
coenutus, 128
concinnus, 129
crassipes, 129 (key), 180, 131
elegantulus, 128
fultoni, 129 (key), 132, 133
mexicana, 128, 132
nipponensis, 132
pilosa, 128, 182
texana, 128, 129 (key), 130
trifasciata, 128, 129 (key), 132, 133
Colpotrochioides, 128
orientalis, 128
comptus, Metopius (Cultrarius),
(key), 79, 289 (fig.)
concinnus, Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia),
129
Concinnus, Metopius (Metopius) ro-
bustus, 64 (key), 65, 288 (fig.)
consector, Metopius (Cultrarius), 78
(key), 83, 84, 289 (fig.)
constrictus, Chorinaeus, 14 (key), 15
(key), 24, 26, 27, 283 (fig.)
costatus, Trieces, Chorinaeus, 34, 36
(key), 37, 38, 285 (fig.)
cordiger, Metopius, 98
coreanus, Metopius (Ceratopius), 97
104
crassipes, Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia),
Cteniscus, 5, 129 (key), 130, 131
crassus group, Triclistus, 108 (keys), 109
129
78,
305
crassus, Triclistus, 108 (key), 109 (key),
110, 111, 292 (fig.)
cristator, Chorinaeus, 23
croceicornis, Metopius (Peltocarus), 61
Cteniscus, 131
crassipes, 131
Ctenochira, 3
Cubus, 4, 7 (key), 135, 275 (fig.)
validus, 135
Cultrarius, Metopius, 61 (key),
and 273, 289, 290 (figs.)
birkmani, 78 (key), 86, 88, 90, 290
(fig.)
comptus, 78 (key), 79, 289 (fig.)
consector, 78 (key), 83, 84, 289
(fig.)
pectoralis, 78 (key), 85, 86, 89
rileyi, 77, 78 (key), 90, 273, and
290 (figs.)
rufipes, 78 (key), 84
scapulatus, 77 (key), 81, 289 (fig.)
scitulus, 78 (key), 80
secundus, 78 (key), 89, 290 (fig.)
ultimatus, 78 (key), 86, 273 and
289 (figs.)
xanthostigma, 60, 78 (key), 80, 82,
289 (fig.)
cuneata, Hypsicera, 161 (key), 165
cuneata cuneata, Hypsicera, 165 (key),
166
cuneata opaca, Hypsicera, 165 (key),
166, 287 (fig.)
cuneatus, Exochus, 177 (key), 254, 255,
295 and 301 (figs.)
curvator, Hypsicera, Ichneumon, 161
(key), 163, 287 (fig.)
D
decoratus, Exochus, 172, 173 (key), 263
decoratus decoratus, Exochus, 263 (key)
decoratus hebes, Exochus, 263 (key),
264
decoratus scitulus, Exochus, 263 (key),
264, 265; and 284, 293, 295, 301
(figs.)
denotatus, Exochus, 177
295 and 300 (figs.)
densus, Trieces, 35 (key), 42, 285 (fig.)
dentatus, Metopius (Peltocarus), 62,
271 (fig.)
dentatus, Trieces, 34 (key), 54, 55, 287
(fig.)
dentatus group, Trieces, 34 (key), 53
es
(key), 251,
306
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
dentifrons, Exochus, 174 (key), 206, 297 | errantius, Metopius (Peltales), 92 (key),
(fig.)
diffidens, Trieces, 35 (key), 57
dissectorius, Metopius, 106, 274 (fig.)
dissectorius imperfectus, Metopius, 106
dissectorius lar, Metopius (Ceratopius),
106
dissectorius pieli, Metopius (Ceratop-
ius), 106
dissectorius _ trifasciatus, Metopius
(Ceratopius), 106
divisus, Chorinaeus funebris, 27 (key),
30, 31, 283 (fig.)
dorsalis, Exochus, 172, 177 (key), 246
dorsalis dorsalis, Exochus, 247 (key),
248, 295 and 300 (figs.)
dorsalis pictilis, Exochus, 247 (key), 248
dreisbachi, Carria, 154 (key), 155, 279
(fig.)
dreisbachi californica, Carria, 155 (key),
157
dreisbachi dreisbachi, Carria, 155 (key),
156, 287 (fig.)
dreisbachi montana, Carria, 155 (key),
156
Drepanoctonus, 8 (key), 145, 278 (fig.)
bifasciatus, 146
tibialis, 145
E
edwardsii, Metopius (Tylopius),
(key), 100, 102, 103, 291 (fig.)
egawai, Pseudometopius, Tylocomnoi-
des, 8
ejectus, Trieces, 36 (key), 46, 286 (fig.)
elegantula (group), Colpotrochia (Col-
potrochia), 129 (key), 132
elegantulus, Colpotrochia (Colpotro-
chia), Ichneumon, 128, 132, 276
(fig.)
elimatus, Exochus, 173 (key), 193, 194,
296 (fig.)
emarginalus, Triclistus, Exochus, 108
(key), 109 (key), 113, 115, 291
and 292 (figs.)
emorsus, Chorinaeus, 13, 14 (key), 32,
33, 283 (fig.)
enodis, Exochus, 172 (key), 188, 189,
293 and 296 (figs.)
Ephialtini, 4
epixanthus, Metopius (Metopius) krom-
beini, 69 (key), 70, 288 (fig.)
errantia, Metopius, 92, 93
97
272 (fig.)
errantius arizonicus, Metopius (Pel-
tales), 93 (key), 94, 95, 290 (fig.)
errantius californicus, Metopius (Pel-
tales), 75, 93 (key), 95, 290 (fig.)
errantius errantius, Metopius (Peltales),
93 (key), 290 (fig.)
errantius floridanus, Metopius (Pel-
tales), 93 (key), 94, 290 (fig.)
erythronotus, Exochus, 179
Eumenes, 60, 69
fraterna, 100
evectus, Exochus, 256
evetriae, Exochus, 175 (key), 214, 215,
294 and 298 (figs.)
evexus, Triclistus, 108 (key), 109 (key),
117, 118, 292 (fig.)
excessorius, Chorinaeus, 13 (key), 14
(key), 22, 268 and 283 (figs.)
Exochini, 3
Exochoides, 128
mexicana, 128
texana, 129
Exochus, 4, 5, 6, 8 (key), 170; and 268,
282, 284, 293-301 (figs.)
albiceps, 172, 266
albicinctus, 191
albifrons, 172, 174, 177 (key), 221,
222; and 298, 294, 298 (figs.)
alpinus, 204, 212
annulicrus, 175 (key), 196, 272, 213,
294, and 298 (figs.)
apicalis, 153
armillosus, 175 (key), 226, 227, 294,
and 298 (figs.)
atriceps, 172, 174 (key), 208
atriceps atricorpus, 208 (key)
atriceps atriceps, 208 (key), 209;
and 293, 294, 297 (figs.)
atrocoxalis, 181
brunnipes, 112
brutus, 176 (key), 228, 294, and 299
(figs.)
bryanti, 173 (key), 191, 296 (fig.)
caeruliventris, 147, 148, 278 (fig.)
canidens, 178 (key), 249, 250, 295
and 300 (figs.)
capnodes, 177 (key), 237, 239; and
284, 295, 299 (figs.)
citripes, 263
cnemidotus, 176 (key), 237, 295 and
299 (figs.)
INDEX
Exochus—Continued
cuneatus, 177 (key), 254, 255, and
295, 301 (figs.)
decoratus, 172, 173 (key), 263
decoratus decoratus, 263 (key)
decoratus hebes, 263 (key), 264
decoratus scitulus, 263 (key), 264,
265; and 284, 293, 295, 301,
(figs.)
denotatus, 177 (key), 251, 295 and
300 (figs.)
dentifrons, 174 (key), 206, 297 (fig.)
dorsalis, 172, 177 (key), 246
dorsalis dorsalis, 247 (key), 248,
295 and 300 (figs.)
dorsalis pictilis, 247 (key), 248
elimatus, 173 (key), 198, 194, 296
(fig.)
emarginalus, 113
enodis, 172 (key), 188, 189, 293 and
296 (figs.)
erythronotus, 179
evectus, 256
evetriae, 175 (key), 214, 215, 294
and 298 (figs.)
externus, 175 (key), 238; and 284,
295, 299 (figs.)
fastigatus, 178 (key), 249, 295 and
300 (figs.)
femoralis, 160
ferrugineus, 170, 176 (key), 230,
231, 294 and 299 (figs.)
flavicaput, 185
flavifrontalis, 174 (key), 204; and
284, 293, 294, 297 (figs.)
flavinotum, 185
flavomarginalis, 196
fletcheri, 204
frontellus, 204
fulvipes, 113, 114
funebris, 12, 30
genualis, 175, 176 (key), 233, 234,
294 and 299 (figs.)
gravipes, 172 (key), 194, 195; and
282, 294, 297 (figs.)
gravis, 194
hiuleus, 175 (key), 215, 216, 294
and 298 (figs.)
incidens, 194
inflatifrons, 192
laevis, 161
lentipes, 212
307
Exochus—Continued
litus, 173 (key), 196, 198, 284 and
297 (figs.)
mandibularis, 173 (key), 264, 266,
301 (fig.)
megadon, 178 (key), 259, 295 and
301 (figs.)
melanocephalus, 126
mesodon, 178 (key), 258, 259, 295
and 301 (figs.)
mesorufus, 176 (key), 231, 232,
294 and 299 (figs.)
mitratus, 173 (key), 181
mitratus affinis, 181
mitratus atrocoxalis, 181 (key) ,182
mitratus australis, 181
mitratus mitratus, 181
mitratus orias, 181 (key), 182; and
298, 294, 296 (figs.)
montivagus, 174 (key), 201; and
293, 294, 297 (figs.)
nigripalpis, 175 (key), 216
nigripalpis nigripalpis, 217 (key)
nigripalpis subobscurus, 217 (key),
219
nigripalpis tectulum 172, 217 (key),
218; and 268, 284, 294, 298
(figs.)
ochreatus, 174 (key), 201, 202, 297
(fig.)
ostentatus, 177 (key), 251, 252, 295
and 300 (figs.)
pallidipes, 256
pallipes, 256
passaventi, 196
peroniae, 175 (key), 234, 235, 294
and 299 (figs.)
pictus, 172 (key), 185
pictus pictus, 185 (key), 186
pictus xanthopsis, 185 (key), 186,
187; and 284, 293, 294, 296 (figs.)
pleuralis, 178 (key), 256, 295 and
301 (figs.)
podagricus, 107, 123
postfurealis, 177 (key), 242, 248,
295 and 300 (figs.)
propinquus, 120
prosopius, 196
pullatus, 173 (key), 197, 297 (fig.)
pygmaeus, 124
quadradens, 177 (key), 254, 295
and 301 (figs.)
308
U. S. NATIONAL
Exochus—Continued
rufigaster, 192
rufomaculatus, 209
russeus, 172 (key), 188, 293 and
296 (figs.)
rutilatus, 176 (key), 226, 294 and
298 (figs.)
scitulus, 265
scutellatus, 170
semilividus, 196, 212, 214
semirufus, 173 (key), 192,
296 (fig.)
signifer, 176 (key), 240, 242; and
284, 295, 300 (figs.)
signifrons, 204
silus, 175 (key),
301 (figs.)
solitarius, 192
spilotus, 176, 177 (key), 245, 295
and 300 (figs.)
spinalis, 174 (key), 201, 202
stenostoma, 173 (key), 179, 293
and 296 (figs.)
suishanus, 212
suleatus, 174 (key) 211; and 293,
294, 298 (figs.)
tardigradus, 212
tenebrosus, 174 (key),
294 and 298 (figs.)
texanus, 34, 45
thomsoni, 212
tibialis, 212
transversus, 176 (key), 241, 242;
and 284, 295, 300 (figs.)
turgidus, 173 (key), 183, 184, 296
(fig.)
validus, 135
ventricosus, 178 (key), 260, 261,
295 and 301 (figs.)
virgatifrons, 176 (key), 228, 229,
231, 294 and 299 (figs.)
washingtonensis, 170, 173 (key),
196, 198, 214, 297 (fig.)
xanthopsis, 186
externus, Exochus, 175 (key), 238; and
284, 295, 299 (figs.)
F
193,
261, 295 and
220, 221,
fasciatus, Colpotrochia (Scallama), Col-
potrochioides, 128
fastigatus, Exochus, 178 (key), 249, 295
and 300 (figs.)
MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
femoralis, Hypsicera, Ichneumon, 160,
161 (key), 162, 281 and 287 (figs.)
femoratus, Metopius, 63
ferrugineus, Exochus, Amesolytus, 170,
176 (key), 290, 231, 294 and
299 (figs.)
flavicaput, Exochus, 185
flavicrus, Chorinaeus longicalear,
(key), 19, 20
flavifrons, Trieces, Chorinaeus, 36 (key),
39, 40, 285 (fig.)
flavifrontalis, Exochus, 174 (key), 204;
and 284, 293, 294, 297 (figs.)
flavinotum, Exochus, 185
flavomarginalis, Exochus, 196
flavus, Colpotrochia (Scallama), Colpo-
trochioides, 128
fletcheri, Exochus, 204
floridanus, Metopius (Peltales) erran-
tius, 93 (key), 94, 290 (fig.)
fraterna, Eumenes, 100
frontellus, Exochus, 204
fultoni, Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia),
129 (key), 132, 133
fulviceps, Hypsicera, 161 (key), 163,
164, 287 (fig.)
fulvipes, Exochus, 113, 114
funebris, Chorinaeus, Exochus, 12, 13,
14 (key), 15 (key), 26, 27, 30,
270 (fig.)
funebris carinatus, Chorinaeus, 12, 27
(key), 28, 283 (fig.)
funebris clarus, Chorinaeus, 27 (key), 30
funebris divisus, Chorinaeus, 27 (key),
30, 31, 283 (fig.)
funebris funebris, Chorinaeus, Exochus,
27 (key), 30
fusiformis, Acerataspis, Metopius, 11
fusus, Trieces, 36 (key), 49, 50, 286
16
(fig.)
G
galbaneus, Metopius (Metopius), 63
(key), 74, 75, 289 (fig.)
Gelinae, 5
genualis, Exochus, 175, 176 (key), 233,
234, 294 and 299 (figs.)
gibbus, Bothromus, 143 (key), 145
grandior, Metopius, 65
eravipes, Exochus, Ichneumon, 172
(key), 194, 195; and 282, 294,
297 (figs.)
INDEX
gravipes (species group), Exochus, 172
(key), 190
gravipes (species subgroup), Exochus,
172 (key), 194
gravis, Exochus, 194
H
hagenii, Pseudometopius, Metopius, 8,
9, 10
harbecki, Metopius, 66
heinrichi, Metopius (Tylopius) basalis,
104 (key), 291 (fig.)
Hemimetopius, 4, 6 (key), 59, 271 (fig.)
kayoveanus, 59
hiuleus, Exochus, 175 (key), 215, 216,
294 and 298 (figs.)
hoerhammeri, Periope, Monoplectro-
chus, 136, 137, 277 (fig.)
Hyperacmus, 3, 163
ovatus, 163
tineae, 163
Hypsicera—6, 8 (key), 160, 281, and
287 (figs.)
cuneata, 161 (key), 165
cuneata cuneata, 165 (key), 166
cuneata opaca, 165 (key), 166, 287
(fig.)
curvator, 161 (key), 163, 287 (fig.)
femoralis, 160, 161 (key), 162, 281,
and 287 (figs.)
fulviceps, 161 (key), 163, 164, 287
(fig.)
Ibornia, 3
Ichneumon, 61
curvator, 163
elegantulus, 128
femoralis, 160
gravipes, 194
mansuetor, 163
micratorius, 61, 62, 97
necatorius, 62
Ichneumoninae, 5
imperfectus, Metopius dissectorius, 106
incidens, Exochus, 194
inculeata, Carria, 154 (key), 157, 148,
287 (fig.)
indigus, Spudaeus,
(key), 141
inflatifrons, Exochus, 192
inimicus, Triclistus, 121
Inoresa, 128
pilosa, 128
Tylecomnus, 139
309
integer, Trieces, 36 (key), 48, 286 (fig.)
integer (group), 35 (key), 46
Ischyrocnemis, 4
Ischyrocnemopsis, 128
carolina, 129
texana, 128
K
kayoveanus, Hemimetopius, 59
krombeini, Metopius (Metopius),
(key), 69
krombeini epixanthus, Metopius (Meto-
pius), 69 (key), 70, 288 (fig.)
krombeini krombeini, Metopius (Meto-
pius), 5, 60, 69 (key), 70, 288
(fig.)
kurisuei, Colpotrochia (Scallama), Col-
potrochioides, 128
L
labiosus, Chorinaeus, 13, 14 (key), 32,
283 (fig.)
laevis, Exochus, 161, 163
lar, Metopius (Ceratopius) dissectorius,
106
laticinctus, Metopius, 78
lentipes, Exochus, 212
Lethades, 4
Leurus, 7 (key), 147, 278 (fig.)
caeruliventris, 147, 278 (fig.)
eaeruliventris borealis, 148 (key),
149
eaeruliventris
(key)
litus, Exochus, 173 (key), 196, 198, 284
and 297 (figs.)
longicalear, Chorinaeus, 13 (key), 14
(key), 15, 16
longicalcar flavicrus,
(key), 19, 20
longicalear longicalear, Chorinaeus, 15
(key), 16
longicalear pleturus, Chorinaeus,
(key), 16, 17, 283 (fig.)
longicalcar suralis, Chorinaeus, 16 (key),
20
longicalear talaris, Chorinaeus, 16 (key),
18, 20
M
Macromalon, 8 (key), 158, 280 (fig.)
montanum, 159, 280 (fig.)
mandibularis, Exochus, 173 (key), 264,
266, 301 (fig.)
63
eaeruliventris, 148
Chorinaeus, 16
15
310 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
mandibularis species group, Exochus, | Metopius—Continued
173 (key), 262
mansuetor, Ichneumon, 163
marlatti, Trieces, Chorinaeus, 36 (key),
51, 52, 286 (fig.)
masoni, Trieces, 35 (key), 37, 285 (fig.)
medianus, Metopius, 105
megadon, Exochus, 178 (key), 259, 295
and 301 (figs.)
Megalomya, 4
Megatrema, 150
albopilosa, 150
melanocephalus, Triclistus, 108 (key),
126, 127, 292 (fig.)
mesodon, Exochus, 178 (key), 258, 259,
295 and 301 (figs.)
mesorufus, Exochus, 176 (key), 231, 232,
294, and 299 (figs.)
Metacoelus, 160
femoralis, 160
metallicus, Metopius (Ceratopius), 106
Metopiinae, 5
Metopiini, 3
Metopius, ix, 3, 4, 5, 6 (key), 59, 271-
274 and 288-291 (figs.)
(Ceratopius) baibarensis, 106
(Tylopius) basalis, 97 (key), 104
(Tylopius) basalis basalis, 104
(key), 105
(Tylopius) basalis heinrichi, 104
(key), 291 (fig.)
(Tylopius) bellus, 98 (key), 102,
291 (fig.)
(Cultrarius) birkmani, 78 (key), 86,
88, 90, 290 (fig.)
(Metopius) browni, 63
(Cultrarius) comptus, 78 (key), 79,
289 (fig.)
(Cultrarius) consector, 78 (key), 83,
84, 289 (fig.)
cordiger, 98
(Tylopius) coreanus, 97
(Peltocarus) croceicornis, 61
(Peltocarus) dentatus, 62, 271 (fig.)
dissectorius, 106
(Ceratopius) dissectorius lar, 106
(Ceratopius) dissectorius pieli, 106
(Ceratopius) dissectorius trifascia-
tus, 106
(Tylopius) edwardsii, 97 (key), 100,
102, 103, 291 (fig.)
(Peltales) errantius, 92 (key), 272
(fig.)
(Peltales) errantius arizonicus, 93
(key), 94, 95, 290 (fig.)
(Peltales) errantius californicus, 75,
93 (key), 95, 290 (fig.)
(Peltales) errantius errantius, 93
(key), 290 (fig.)
(Peltales) errantius floridanus, 93
(key), 94, 290 (fig.)
(Metopius) femoratus, 63
fusiformis, 11
(Metopius) galbaneus, 63 (key), 74,
75, 289 (fig.)
grandior, 65
hagenii, 8, 9, 10, 269 (fig.)
harbecki, 66
(Metopius) krombeini, 63 (key), 69
(Metopius) krombeini epixanthus,
69 (key), 70, 288 (fig.)
(Metopius) krombeini krombeini,
5, 60, 69 (key), 70, 288 (fig.)
laticinctus, 78
medianus, Metopius (Tylopius),
105, 106
(Ceratopius) metallicus, 106
micratorius, 61, 62, 97, 99
(Metopius) mimicus, 60, 63 (key),
68, 69, 272 (fig.)
montanus, 72
(Peltales) notatus, 92 (key), 95, 96
(Cultrarius) pectoralis, 78 (key),
85, 86, 89
(Tylopius) pinatorius, 97, 98, 99,
274 (fig.)
(Tylopius) pollinctorius, 98 (key)
(Tylopius) pollinctorius nevadensis,
98 (key), 99, 100, 291 (fig.)
(Tylopius) pollinctorius pollinc-
torius, 98 (key), 99, 291 (fig.)
(Metopius) pulchellus, 64 (key), 71
(Metopius) pulchellus montanus,
72 (key), 73, 288 (fig.)
(Metopius) pulchellus pulchellus,
72 (key), 73, 74, 289 (fig.)
(Metopius) pulchellus sonora, 72
(key), 73, 288 (fig.)
(Cultrarius) rileyi, 77, 78 (key), 90,
273, and 290 (figs.)
(Metopius) robustus, 63 (key), 64,
66
(Metopius) robustus concinnus, 64
(key), 65, 288 (fig.)
INDEX
Metopius—Continued
(Metopius) robustus mirandus, 64
(key), 65, 288 (fig.)
(Metopius) robustus robustus, 64
(key), 66, 288 (fig.)
(Cultrarius) rufipes, 78 (key), 84
(Metopius) rufus, 63
(Tylopius) sapporensis, 97
(Cultrarius) scapulatus, 77 (key),
81, 289 (fig.)
(Cultrarius) scitulus, 78 (key), 80
(Peltales) scutatifrons, 92
(Cultrarius) secundus, 78 (key),
89, 290 (fig.)
(Cultrarius) ultimatus, 78 (key),
86, 273 and 289 (figs.)
(Metopius) velutinus, 63
vespoides, 62
(Metopius) vittatus, 64 (key), 75,
76, 289 (fig.)
(Cultrarius) xanthostigma, 60, 78
(key), 80, 82, 289 (fig.)
Metopius, Metopius, 61 (key), 62, 272,
and 288-289 (figs.)
browni, 63
femoratus, 63
galbaneus, 63 (key), 74, 75, 289
(fig.)
krombeini, 63 (key), 69
krombeini epixanthus, 69 (key),
70, 288 (fig.)
krombeini krombeini, 5, 60, 69
(key), 70, 288 (fig.)
mimicus, 60, 63 (key), 68, 69, 272,
and 288 (figs.)
pulchellus, 64 (key), 71
pulchellus montanus, 72 (key), 73,
288 (fig.)
pulchellus pulchellus, 72 (key), 73,
74, 289 (fig.)
pulchellus sonora, 72 (key), 73, 288
(fig.)
robustus, 63 (key), 64, 66
robustus concinnus, 64 (key), 65,
288 (fig.)
robustus mirandus, 64 (key), 64,
288 (fig.)
robustus robustus, 64 (key), 66,
288 (fig.)
rufus, 63
velutinus, 63
vespoides, 62
vittatus, 64 (key), 75, 76, 289 (fig.)
dll
mexicana, Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia),
Exochoides, 128, 132
micratorius, Metopius (Peltocarus),
Clémontia, Ichneumon, 61, 62, 97
Microleptes, 3
Mima, 170, 198
washingtonensis, 170, 198
mimicus, Metopius (Metopius), 60, 63
(key), 68, 69, 272, and 288 (figs.)
minoris, Bothromus, Tylecomnus, 143
(key), 281 (fig.)
minoris cruralis, Bothromus, 143 (key),
144
minoris minoris, Bothromus, 143 (key),
144
mirandus, Metopius (Metopius)
robustus, 64 (key), 65, 288 (fig.)
mitratus, Exochus, 173 (key), 181
mitratus affinis, Exochus, 181
mitratus atrocoxalis, Exochus, 181 (key),
182
mitratus australis, Exochus, 181
mitratus mitratus, Exochus, 181
mitratus orias, Exochus, 181 (key),
182; and 293, 294, 296 (figs.)
mitratus species group, Exochus, 173
(key), 180
Monobia quadridens, 67
Monoblastus, 3
Monoplectrochus, 136
hoerhammeri, 136, 137, 277 (fig.)
Monoplectron, 136
zygaenator, 136
montana, Carria dreisbachi, 155 (key),
156
montanum, Macromalon, 159, 280 (fig.)
montanus, Metopius (Metopius) pul-
chellus, 72 (key), 73, 288 (fig.)
montivagus, Exochus, 174 (key), 201;
and 293, 294, 297 (figs.)
montivagus (species group) (Exochus),
6, 174 (key), 200
N
necatorius, Ichneumon, 62
nevadensis, Metopius (Tylopius) pol-
linctorius, 98 (key), 99, 100, 291
(fig.)
nigripalpis, Exochus, 175 (key), 216
nigripalpis nigripalpis, Exochus, 217
(key)
nigripalpis subobscurus, Exochus, 217
(key), 219
312
nigripalpis tectulum, Exochus, 172, 217
(key), 218; and 268, 284, 294,
298 (figs.)
nipponensis, Colpotrochia (Colpotro-
chia), 132
notatus, Metopius (Peltales), 92, 95, 96
O
occidentis, Triclistus, 108 (key),
(key), 115, 116, 292 (fig).
ochreatus, Exochus, 174 (key), 201, 202,
297 (fig.)
Odontotylocomnus, 8
pilosus, 8
Oligoplectron, 136
onitis, Trieces, Chorinaeus, 35 (key),
57, 58, 284 (fig.)
onitis (group), Trieces, 34 (key), 56
opaca, Hypsicera cuneata, 165 (key),
166, 287 (fig.)
opacitas, Chorinaeus, 14 (key), 24, 288
(fig.)
orias, Exochus mitratus, 181 (key), 182;
and 293, 294, 296 (figs.)
orientalis, Colpotrochia (Scallama), Col-
potrochioides, 128
ostentatus, Exochus, 177 (key), 251,
252, 295 and 300 (figs.)
ovatus, Hyperacmus, 163
P
pallidipes, Exochus, 256
pallipes, Exochus, 256
pallipes, Triclistus, 108 (key), 109 (key),
124, 291, and 292 (figs.)
paradoxa, Carria, 154
passaventi, Exochus, 196
pectoralis, Metopius (Cultrarius),
(key), 85, 86, 89
Peltales, Metopius, 61 (key), 91, 272,
and 290 (figs.)
errantius, 92 (key), 272 (fig.)
errantius arizonicus, 93 (key), 94,
95, 290 (fig.)
errantius californicus, 75, 93 (key),
95, 290 (fig.)
errantius errantius, 93 (key), 290
(fig.)
errantius floridanus, 93 (key), 94,
290 (fig.)
notatus, 92 (key), 95, 96
scutatifrons, 92
109
78
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Peltastes, 62
pollinctorius, 98
vespoides, 62
Peltocarus, Metopius, 61 (key), 271
(fig.)
croceicornis, 61 .
dentatus, 62, 271 (fig.)
micratorius, 61, 97
Peltopius, 62, 63
vespoides, 62
Periope, 7 (key), 136, 277 (fig.)
aethiops, 137
auscultator, 136, 137, 277 (fig.)
hoerhammeri, 136, 137, 277 (fig.)
peroniae, Exochus, 175 (key), 234, 235,
294 and 299 (figs.)
petiolaris, Colpotrochia (Scallama), Alo-
mya, 128
pictilis, Exochus dorsalis, 247 (key), 248
pictus, Exochus, 172 (key), 185
pictus, Exochus, Amesolytus, 247
pictus pictus, Exochus, 185 (key), 186
pictus (species group), Exochus, 6, 172
. (key) 184
pictus xanthopsis, Exochus, 185 (key),
186, 187; and 284, 293, 294, 296
(figs.)
pieli, Metopius (Ceratopius) dissecto-
rius, 106
pinatorius, Metopius, 97, 98, 99, 274
(fig.)
pilosa, Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia), In-
oresa, 128, 132
pilosus, Pseudometopius, Odontotylo-
comnus, 8
platysoma, Trieces, 46, 48
Plectiscinae, 3
Plesioexochus, 160
rufipes, 160
pleturus, Chorinaeus longicalcar,
(key), 16, 17, 283 (fig.)
pleuralis, Exochus, 178 (key), 256, 295
and 301 (figs.)
podagricus group, Triclistus, 108 (keys),
121
podagricus, Triclistus, Exochus, 107, 108
(key), 109 (key), 122, 123, 275
(fig.)
pollinetorius, Metopius (Tylopius), Pel-
tastes, 98 (key)
pollinctorius nevadensis, Metopius (Ty-
lopius), 98 (key), 99, 100, 291
(fig.)
15
INDEX
pollinctorius pollinetorius,
(Tylopius), 98 (key), 99, 291 (fig.)
Polyclistus, 160
femoralis, 160
Polyrhabdus, 12, 28
cariniger, 12, 28
postfurcalis, Exochus, 177 (key), 242,
243, 295 and 300 (figs.)
propinquus, Triclistus, Exochus, 108
(key), 109 (key), 119, 120, 292
(fig.)
prosopius, Exochus, 196, 197
Pseudalomya, 4
Pseudometopius, 4, 6 (key), 8, 269 (fig.)
egawai, 8
hagenii, 8, 9, 10, 269 (fig.)
pilosus, 8
pulchellus, Metopius (Metopius), 64
(key), 71, 74
pulchellus montanus, Metopius (Meto-
pius), 72 (key), 73, 288 (fig.)
pulchellus pulchellus, Metopius (Meto-
pius), 72 (key), 73, 74, 289 (fig.)
pulchellus sonora, Metopius (Metopius),
72 (key), 73, 288 (fig.)
pulchripes, Chorinaeus, 137
pullatus, Exochus, 173 (key), 197, 297
(fig.)
pullatus (species group), Exochus, 172
(key), 195
pusillus, Trieces, Chorinaeus, 38
pygmaeus, Exochus, 124
Q
quadradens, Exochus, 177 (key), 254,
295 and 301 (figs.)
quadridens, Monobia, 67
R
rectus, Triclistus, 108 (key), 109 (key),
117, 292 (fig.)
recurvus, Chorinaeus, 14 (key), 27, 31,
32, 283 (fig.)
rileyi, Metopius (Cultrarius), 77, 78
(key), 90, 273 and 290 (figs.)
robustus, Metopius (Metopius),
(key), 64, 66
robustus concinnus, Metopius (Meto-
pius), 64 (key), 65, 288 (fig.)
robustus mirandus, Metopius (Meto-
pius), 64 (key), 65, 288 (fig.)
63
Metopius|robustus robustus,
313
Metopius (Meto-
pius), 64 (key), 66, 288 (fig.)
rufigaster, Exochus, 192
rufipes, Metopius (Cultrarius), 78 (key),
84
rufipes, Plesioexochus, 160
rufomaculatus, Exochus, 209
rufus, Metopius, 63
russeus, Exochus, 172 (key), 188, 293,
and 296 (figs.)
rutilatus, Exochus, 176 (key), 225, 294,
and 298 (figs.)
S
sapineus, Trieces, 35 (key), 43
sapineus litus, Trieces, 43 (key), 44, 284
(fig.)
sapineus sapineus, Trieces, 43 (key), 44,
284 and 285 (figs.)
sapporensis, Metopius (Ceratopius), 97
scaber, Spudaeus, 139 (key), 276 (fig.)
seaber scaber, Spudaeus, 140 (key)
scaber umbrosus, Spudaeus, 140 (key),
141
scabra, Spudaeus, Trachyderma, 138,
140
Scallama, Colpotrochia, 127 (key), 128
fasciatus, 128
flavus, 128
kurisuei, 128
orientalis, 128
petiolaris, 128
trilineata, 128
scapulatus, Metopius (Cultrarius), 77
(key), 81, 289 (fig.)
scitulus, Exochus decoratus, 263 (key),
264, 265; and 284, 293, 295, 301
(figs.)
scitulus, Metopius (Cultrarius), 78
(key), 80
Scolobatinae, 4
scutatifrons, Metopius, 92
scutellatus, Exochus, Xanthexochus,
170
secundus, Metopius (Cultrarius), 78
(key), 89, 290 (fig.)
semilividus, Exochus, 196, 212, 214
semirufus, Exochus, 173 (key), 192, 193,
296 (fig.)
semirufus (species subgroup), Exochus,
173 (key), 191
314
Seticornuta, 7 (key), 150, 279 (fig.)
albicalcar, 150
albopilosa, 150
apicalis, 151 (key), 152, 153
terminalis, 151 (key), 152, 279 (fig.)
signifer, Exochus, 176 (key), 240, 242;
and 284, 295, 300 (figs.)
signifrons, Exochus, 204
signifrons (species group), Exochus, 174
(key), 203
silus, Exochus, 175 (key), 261, 295 and
301 (figs.)
solitarius, Exochus, 192
sonora, Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus,
72 (key), 73, 288 (fig.)
sparsus, Trieces, 36 (key), 50, 286 (fig.)
Sphex, 62
vespoides, 62
spilotus, Exochus, 176, 177 (key), 246,
295 and 300 (figs.)
spinalis, Exochus, 174 (key), 201, 202,
297 (fig.)
Spudaeus, 4, 7 (key), 138
indigus, 139 (key), 141
scaber, 189 (key), 276 (fig.)
scaber scaber, 140 (key)
seaber umbrosus, 140 (key), 141
scabra, 138
stenostoma, Exochus, 173 (key), 179,
293 and 296 (figs.)
stenostoma (species group), Exochus,
173 (key), 178
Stethoncus, 8 (key), 167, 282 (fig.)
arcticus, 167, 168, 282 (fig.)
Strongylopsis, 4
suishanus, Exochus, 212
sulcatus, Exochus, 174 (key), 211; and
293, 294, 298 (figs.)
sulcatus (species group), Exochus, 174
(key), 210
suralis, Chorinaeus longicalcar, 16 (key),
20
Synosis, 8 (key), 169, 280 (fig.)
clepsydra, 169, 170, 280 (fig.)
ah
takabayashii, Metopius (Ceratopius), 97
talaris, Chorinaeus longicalcar, 16 (key),
18, 20
talpa, Chorinaeus, 6, 12
tardigradus, Exochus, 212
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
tectulum, Exochus nigripalpis, 172, 217
(key), 218; and 268, 284, 294,
298 (figs.)
tegularis, Trieces, 35 (key), 40, 284, and
285 (figs.)
tenebrosus, Exochus, 174 (key), 220,
221, 294, and 298 (figs.)
teres, Trieces, 7, 34, 35 (key), 37, 41, 42,
285 (fig.)
terminalis, Seticornuta, Triclistus, 151
(key), 152, 279 (fig.)
texana, Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia),
Exochodes, 128, 129 (key), 130
texana group, Colpotrochia (Colpotro-
chia), 129 (key)
texanus, Trieces, Exochus, 34, 35 (key),
44, 45, 270 and 285 (figs.)
texanus group, Trieces, 35 (key), 36
Thibetoides, 3
thomsoni, Exochus, 212
thoracicus, Triclistus, 126
tibialis, Drepanoctonus, 145
tibialis, Exochus, 212
tibialis (species group), Exochus, 6, 174
(key), 212
tineae, Hyperacmus, 163, 164
Trachyderma, 138, 140
scabra, 138, 140
Trachydermatini, 3
traditor, Triclistus, 121
transversus, Exochus, 176 (key), 24/,
242; and 284, 295, 300 (figs.)
Trematopygus, 4
Triclistus, 4, 5, 6, 7 (key), 107; and 275,
291, 292 (figs.)
adustus, 108, 109 (key), 179, 292
(fig.)
brunnipes, 108 (key), 109 (key),
111, 112, 292 (fig.)
chosis, 108, 109 (key), 121, 122,
291 and 292 (figs.)
crassus, 108 (key), 109 (key), 110,
111, 292 (fig.)
emarginalus, 108 (key), 109 (key),
113, 115, 291 and 292 (figs.)
evexus, 108 (key), 109 (key), 117,
118, 292 (fig.)
inimicus, 121
melanocephalus,
127, 292 (fig.)
occidentis, 108 (key), 109 (key),
115, 116, 292 (fig.)
108 (key), 126,
INDEX
Triclistus—Continued
pallipes, 108 (key), 109 (key), 124,
291, and 292 (figs.)
podagricus, 108 (key), 109 (key),
122, 128, 275 (fig.)
propinquus, 108 (key), 109 (key),
119, 120, 292 (fig.)
rectus, 108 (key), 109 (key), 117,
292 (fig.)
terminalis, 151
thoracicus, 126
traditor, 121
Trieces, 4, 6, 7 (key), 34
aquilus, 36 (key), 50, 284 and 286
(figs.)
arcuatus, 35 (key), 56, 287 (fig.)
bradleyi, 36 (key), 52, 286 (fig.)
calvatus, 34 (key), 54, 287 (fig.)
ciliosus, 36 (key), 52, 53, 287 (fig.)
costatus, 34, 36 (key), 37, 38, 285
(fig.)
densus, 35 (key), 42, 285 (fig.)
dentatus, 34 (key), 54, 65, 287 (fig.)
diffidens, 35 (key), 57
ejectus, 36 (key), 46, 286 (fig.)
flavifrons, 36 (key), 39, 40, 285
(fig.)
fusus, 36 (key), 49, 50, 286 (fig.)
integer, 36 (key), 48, 286 (fig.)
marlatti, 36 (key), 51, 52, 286
(fig.)
masoni, 35 (key), 37, 285 (fig.)
onitis, 35 (key), 57, 58, 284 (fig.)
platysoma, 46, 48
sapineus, 35 (key), 43
sapineus litus, 43 (key), 44, 284
(fig.)
sapineus sapineus, 43 (key), 44,
284 and 285 (figs.)
sparsus, 36 (key), 50, 286 (fig.)
tegularis, 35 (key), 40, 284 and 285
(figs.)
teres, 7, 34, 35 (key), 37, 41, 42, 285
(fig.)
texanus, 34, 35 (key), 44, 45, 270,
and 285 (figs.)
walleyi, 36 (key), 46, 47, 286 (fig.)
trifasciata, Colpotrochia (Colpotrochia),
Tryphon, 128, 129 (key), 182, 133
trifasciatus, Metopius (Ceratopius) dis-
sectorius, 106
trilineata, Colpotrochia (Scallama), 128
315
Tryphon aethiops, 137
carinatus, 28
trifasciatus, 128
Tryphoninae, 3
Tryphonini, 3
turgidus, Exochus, 173 (key), 183, 184.
296 (fig.)
Tylecomnus, 140, 141
indigus, 141
minoris, 143
umbrosus, 140
Tylocomnini, 3
Tylocomnoides, 8
egawai, 8
Tylocomnus, 138
Tylopius, Metopius, 61 (key), 97, 274
and 291 (figs.)
basalis, 97 (key), 104
basalis basalis, 104 (key), 105
basalis heinrichi, 104 (key), 291 (fig.)
bellus, 98 (key), 102, 291 (fig.)
edwardsii, 97 (key), 102, 103, 291
(fig.)
pinatorius, 97, 98, 99, 274 (fig.)
pollinctorius, 98 (key)
pollinctorius nevadensis, 98 (key),
99, 100, 291 (fig.)
pollinctorius pollinctorius, 98 (key),
99, 291 (fig.)
U
ultimatus, Metopius (Cultrarius), 78
(key), 86, 273 and 289 (figs.)
umbrosus, Spudaeus secaber, Tylecom-
nus, 140 (key), 141
Vv
validus, Cubus, Exochus, 135
velutinus, Metopius (Metopius), 63
ventricosus, Exochus, 178 (key), 260,
261, 295 and 301 (figs.)
Vespidae, 60, 67, 69
virgatifrons, Exochus, 176 (key), 228,
229, 231, 294 and 299 (figs.)
vittatus, Metopius (Metopius),
(key), 75, 76, 289 (fig.)
W
walleyi, Trieces, 36 (key), 46, 47, 286
(fig.)
washingtonensis, Exochus, Mima, 170,
173 (key), 196, 198, 214 and
297 (figs.)
64
318 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Trichotaphe, 29 velutinana, Argyrotaenia, 116
Vib 2
ulmiarrosorella, Canarsia, 230 : ee ee
viteana, Lobesia, 125
Vaccinium, 221
variana, Acleris, 125, 236, 264, 265, 266! Zomaria interuptolineana, 252
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